although many studies have investigated depression or quality of life ( qol ) in older adults with visual impairment , few have looked at the association between these two concepts for this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 few
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 looked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 although 3 studies
1 although 5 investigated
1 although 13 )
1 although 21 few
2 many 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 or
6 depression 7 or
7 or 8 quality
7 or 9 of
9 of 10 life
10 life 12 qol
11 ( 12 qol
12 qol 13 )
14 in 16 adults
14 in 20 ,
14 in 21 few
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 with
17 with 19 impairment
18 visual 19 impairment
21 few 22 have
22 have 23 looked
23 looked 24 at
23 looked 27 between
24 at 26 association
25 the 26 association
27 between 30 concepts
28 these 29 two
29 two 30 concepts
30 concepts 31 for
31 for 33 population
32 this 33 population

the aim of this systematized review was to describe the association between depression and qol in older adults with visual impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 review
4 this 6 review
5 systematized 6 review
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 describe
8 to 9 describe
9 describe 11 association
9 describe 12 between
9 describe 16 in
10 the 11 association
12 between 14 and
13 depression 14 and
14 and 15 qol
16 in 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 with
19 with 21 impairment
20 visual 21 impairment

methods : a search was done using multiple electronic databases for studies addressing the relationship between qol and depression in elders with visual impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 search
2 : 5 was
2 : 25 .
3 a 4 search
4 search 5 was
5 was 6 done
6 done 7 using
7 using 18 and
7 using 22 with
8 multiple 10 databases
9 electronic 10 databases
10 databases 11 for
10 databases 18 and
11 for 12 studies
12 studies 13 addressing
13 addressing 15 relationship
13 addressing 16 between
14 the 15 relationship
16 between 17 qol
18 and 19 depression
18 and 20 in
20 in 21 elders
22 with 24 impairment
23 visual 24 impairment

the concept of qol was divided into two different approaches , ie , qol [as] achievement and qol as subjective well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 concept
2 concept 3 of
2 concept 5 was
3 of 4 qol
5 was 6 divided
6 divided 7 into
6 divided 19 as
7 into 17 and
8 two 10 approaches
9 different 10 approaches
10 approaches 11 ,
11 , 16 achievement
11 , 17 and
12 ie 13 ,
12 ie 16 achievement
14 qol 16 achievement
17 and 18 qol
19 as 21 well
20 subjective 21 well
22 - 23 being

comparison of qol scores between participants [with] and without depression ( cohen 's [d] ) and correlations between depression and qol ( pearson 's [r] ) were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 comparison 2 of
1 comparison 4 scores
2 of 3 qol
4 scores 8 and
5 between 6 participants
5 between 8 and
8 and 9 without
9 without 10 depression
10 depression 13 's
11 ( 13 's
12 cohen 13 's
13 's 15 )
16 and 17 correlations
16 and 28 examined
17 correlations 18 between
17 correlations 27 were
18 between 20 and
19 depression 20 and
20 and 21 qol
20 and 24 's
22 ( 24 's
23 pearson 24 's
24 's 26 )
27 were 28 examined

results : thirteen studies reported in 18 articles were included in the review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 5 reported
2 : 14 .
3 thirteen 4 studies
4 studies 5 reported
5 reported 6 in
5 reported 8 articles
5 reported 10 included
6 in 7 18
8 articles 9 were
9 were 10 included
10 included 11 in
11 in 13 review
12 the 13 review

nearly all of the studies revealed that better qol was moderately to strongly correlated with less severe depressive symptoms ( r = 0.22 - 0.68 for qol as achievement [;] [r] = 0.68 and 0.72 for qol as subjective well - being [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 )(
1 nearly 2 all
2 all 3 of
2 all 14 correlated
3 of 5 studies
4 the 5 studies
5 studies 6 revealed
5 studies 7 that
5 studies 12 to
7 that 9 qol
7 that 10 was
8 better 9 qol
9 qol 10 was
10 was 11 moderately
10 was 12 to
13 strongly 14 correlated
14 correlated 15 with
14 correlated 40 well
15 with 19 symptoms
16 less 17 severe
17 severe 19 symptoms
18 depressive 19 symptoms
19 symptoms 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 r 22 =
22 = 24 -
23 0.22 24 -
24 - 25 0.68
24 - 26 for
26 for 27 qol
27 qol 28 as
28 as 29 achievement
29 achievement 34 and
29 achievement 36 for
32 = 33 0.68
33 0.68 34 and
34 and 35 0.72
36 for 37 qol
38 as 39 subjective
39 subjective 40 well
41 - 42 being

effect sizes for the qol differences between the groups [with] and without depression ranged [from] small to large ( d = 0.17 to 0.95 for qol as achievement [;] no data for qol as subjective well - being [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
1 effect 2 sizes
2 sizes 3 for
3 for 5 qol
4 the 5 qol
5 qol 6 differences
5 qol 17 to
5 qol 18 large
6 differences 11 and
6 differences 14 ranged
7 between 9 groups
7 between 11 and
8 the 9 groups
11 and 12 without
12 without 13 depression
14 ranged 16 small
16 small 17 to
18 large 21 =
18 large 23 to
18 large 27 as
19 ( 21 =
20 d 21 =
21 = 22 0.17
23 to 24 0.95
24 0.95 25 for
25 for 26 qol
27 as 31 data
27 as 32 for
28 achievement 31 data
30 no 31 data
32 for 36 well
33 qol 36 well
34 as 35 subjective
35 subjective 36 well
37 - 38 being
37 - 40 )(

conclusion : additional studies are necessary to pinpoint further the determinants and mediators of this relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 studies
2 : 5 are
3 additional 4 studies
4 studies 5 are
5 are 6 necessary
6 necessary 7 to
7 to 8 pinpoint
8 pinpoint 9 further
8 pinpoint 12 and
10 the 12 and
11 determinants 12 and
12 and 13 mediators
12 and 14 of
14 of 16 relationship
15 this 16 relationship

considering the high prevalence rate of depression in this community and its disabling effects on qol , interventions to prevent [and] treat depression are essential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 considering 5 rate
1 considering 14 effects
1 considering 15 on
1 considering 17 ,
1 considering 18 interventions
2 the 5 rate
3 high 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 rate
5 rate 6 of
6 of 11 and
7 depression 8 in
7 depression 11 and
8 in 10 community
9 this 10 community
11 and 13 disabling
12 its 13 disabling
15 on 16 qol
18 interventions 19 to
18 interventions 20 prevent
18 interventions 24 are
19 to 20 prevent
20 prevent 23 depression
22 treat 23 depression
24 are 25 essential

more efforts are needed in clinical settings to train health care practitioners to identify depressed elders with visual impairment and provide appropriate treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 train
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 more 2 efforts
2 efforts 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 in
4 needed 8 to
5 in 7 settings
6 clinical 7 settings
8 to 9 train
9 train 12 practitioners
9 train 13 to
9 train 20 and
10 health 12 practitioners
11 care 12 practitioners
13 to 20 and
14 identify 16 elders
14 identify 17 with
14 identify 20 and
15 depressed 16 elders
17 with 19 impairment
18 visual 19 impairment
20 and 21 provide
21 provide 23 treatment
22 appropriate 23 treatment

purpose : the aim of this study was to investigate the biological and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor [(] egfr ) signaling pathway in follicular dendritic cell sarcoma ( fdc - s ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
2 : 36 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 25 pathway
11 the 25 pathway
12 biological 13 and
13 and 15 significance
13 and 23 )
13 and 24 signaling
13 and 25 pathway
14 clinical 15 significance
15 significance 16 of
16 of 22 egfr
17 epidermal 22 egfr
18 growth 19 factor
19 factor 22 egfr
20 receptor 22 egfr
25 pathway 26 in
26 in 30 sarcoma
27 follicular 29 cell
28 dendritic 29 cell
29 cell 30 sarcoma
30 sarcoma 32 fdc
31 ( 32 fdc
32 fdc 34 s
32 fdc 35 )
33 - 34 s
34 s 35 )

experimental design : expression of egfr and cognate ligands as well as activation of egfr signaling components was assessed in clinical samples and in a primary fdc - s [short] - term culture ( referred as fdc - am09 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 experimental 2 design
3 : 4 expression
3 : 9 ligands
4 expression 5 of
4 expression 9 ligands
5 of 7 and
6 egfr 7 and
7 and 8 cognate
9 ligands 11 well
9 ligands 12 as
9 ligands 33 culture
9 ligands 35 referred
10 as 11 well
12 as 19 assessed
13 activation 14 of
13 activation 16 signaling
13 activation 18 was
13 activation 19 assessed
14 of 15 egfr
16 signaling 17 components
16 signaling 18 was
19 assessed 23 and
20 in 22 samples
20 in 23 and
21 clinical 22 samples
23 and 24 in
24 in 32 term
25 a 32 term
26 primary 32 term
27 fdc 29 s
27 fdc 32 term
28 - 29 s
29 s 31 -
34 ( 35 referred
35 referred 36 as
35 referred 40 )
36 as 37 fdc
37 fdc 39 am09
38 - 39 am09
39 am09 40 )

biological effects of the egfr antagonists cetuximab and panitumumab and the mek inhibitor uo126 on fdc [-] s cells were determined in vitro on fdc - am09 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cetuximab
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 biological 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 7 cetuximab
3 of 6 antagonists
4 the 6 antagonists
5 egfr 6 antagonists
8 and 10 and
8 and 20 were
9 panitumumab 10 and
10 and 14 uo126
10 and 15 on
10 and 20 were
11 the 13 inhibitor
12 mek 13 inhibitor
13 inhibitor 14 uo126
15 on 19 cells
16 fdc 18 s
16 fdc 19 cells
20 were 21 determined
21 determined 23 vitro
21 determined 24 on
22 in 23 vitro
24 on 25 fdc
25 fdc 27 am09
26 - 27 am09
27 am09 28 .

direct sequencing of kras , braf , and pi3kca was conducted on tumor dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sequencing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 direct 2 sequencing
2 sequencing 3 of
2 sequencing 10 was
3 of 8 and
4 kras 6 braf
5 , 6 braf
6 braf 7 ,
6 braf 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 pi3kca
10 was 11 conducted
11 conducted 12 on
12 on 14 dna
13 tumor 14 dna

results : we found a strong egfr expression on dysplastic and neoplastic fdcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
2 : 14 .
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 egfr
4 found 8 expression
4 found 9 on
5 a 6 strong
5 a 7 egfr
6 strong 7 egfr
9 on 13 fdcs
10 dysplastic 11 and
11 and 12 neoplastic
11 and 13 fdcs

on fdc - am09 , we could show that engagement of surface egfr by cognate [ligands] drives the survival and proliferation of fdc - s [cells] , by signaling to the nucleus mainly via mapk and stat pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 on 2 fdc
1 on 5 ,
1 on 6 we
2 fdc 4 am09
3 - 4 am09
4 am09 5 ,
6 we 7 could
7 could 8 show
8 show 10 engagement
8 show 20 and
8 show 28 by
9 that 10 engagement
10 engagement 11 of
11 of 13 egfr
12 surface 13 egfr
13 egfr 14 by
14 by 17 drives
15 cognate 17 drives
18 the 19 survival
19 survival 20 and
20 and 21 proliferation
20 and 22 of
20 and 25 s
22 of 23 fdc
24 - 25 s
25 s 27 ,
28 by 29 signaling
29 signaling 30 to
29 signaling 33 mainly
29 signaling 38 pathways
30 to 32 nucleus
31 the 32 nucleus
33 mainly 34 via
34 via 37 stat
35 mapk 36 and
36 and 37 stat

[among] egfr ligands , heparin - binding egf - like growth factor , tgf - α and betacellulin ( btc ) [are] produced in the tumor microenvironment of fdc - s at rna level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 egfr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ligands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
2 egfr 3 ligands
4 , 5 heparin
4 , 6 -
6 - 8 egf
6 - 9 -
7 binding 8 egf
9 - 12 factor
9 - 35 .
10 like 11 growth
10 like 12 factor
12 factor 15 -
12 factor 31 s
12 factor 32 at
13 , 15 -
14 tgf 15 -
15 - 17 and
15 - 30 -
16 α 17 and
17 and 20 btc
17 and 23 produced
17 and 24 in
18 betacellulin 20 btc
19 ( 20 btc
20 btc 21 )
24 in 27 microenvironment
25 the 27 microenvironment
26 tumor 27 microenvironment
27 microenvironment 28 of
28 of 29 fdc
32 at 34 level
33 rna 34 level

by extending this finding at protein level we found that btc [is] abundantly produced by fdc [-] s cells and surrounding stromal cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 by 2 extending
1 by 8 we
2 extending 4 finding
3 this 4 finding
4 finding 5 at
5 at 7 level
6 protein 7 level
8 we 9 found
9 found 10 that
9 found 11 btc
9 found 15 by
11 btc 14 produced
13 abundantly 14 produced
15 by 20 and
16 fdc 18 s
16 fdc 19 cells
19 cells 20 and
20 and 23 cells
21 surrounding 23 cells
22 stromal 23 cells

finally , direct sequencing of tumor [-] derived genomic dna showed that mutations in kras , nras , braf , and pi3kca , which predicts resistance to anti - egfr moab in other cancer models , are not observed in fdc - s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sequencing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 sequencing
3 direct 4 sequencing
4 sequencing 5 of
4 sequencing 11 showed
5 of 10 dna
6 tumor 8 derived
8 derived 10 dna
9 genomic 10 dna
11 showed 12 that
11 showed 13 mutations
11 showed 14 in
14 in 15 kras
16 , 21 and
16 , 39 observed
17 nras 18 ,
18 , 19 braf
18 , 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 pi3kca
21 and 37 are
22 pi3kca 24 which
23 , 24 which
24 which 25 predicts
24 which 36 ,
25 predicts 26 resistance
25 predicts 32 in
26 resistance 27 to
27 to 31 moab
28 anti 29 -
28 anti 31 moab
30 egfr 31 moab
32 in 35 models
33 other 35 models
34 cancer 35 models
37 are 38 not
37 are 39 observed
39 observed 40 in
40 in 41 fdc
41 fdc 43 s
42 - 43 s
43 s 44 .

conclusion : activation of egfr by cognate [ligands] produced [in] the tumor microenvironment [sustain] viability and proliferation of fdc [-] s indicating that the receptor blockade might be clinically relevant in this neoplasm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 activation
3 activation 4 of
3 activation 6 by
4 of 5 egfr
6 by 22 indicating
7 cognate 9 produced
9 produced 22 indicating
11 the 15 viability
12 tumor 15 viability
13 microenvironment 15 viability
15 viability 16 and
16 and 17 proliferation
16 and 18 of
16 and 22 indicating
18 of 19 fdc
19 fdc 21 s
22 indicating 23 that
22 indicating 28 be
22 indicating 30 relevant
23 that 26 blockade
23 that 28 be
24 the 26 blockade
25 receptor 26 blockade
26 blockade 27 might
27 might 28 be
29 clinically 30 relevant
30 relevant 31 in
31 in 33 neoplasm
32 this 33 neoplasm

objectives : the purpose of this study was to determine the normal value of left [ventricular] ( lv ) twist in 3 [-] dimensional ( 3 d ) geometry and to study the effects of aging on 3 d lv twist by sophisticated newly developed 3 d speckle - tracking echocardiographic techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 13 value
11 the 13 value
12 normal 13 value
13 value 14 of
14 of 20 twist
15 left 18 lv
15 left 19 )
15 left 20 twist
17 ( 18 lv
18 lv 19 )
20 twist 30 and
21 in 29 geometry
21 in 30 and
22 3 29 geometry
24 dimensional 27 d
24 dimensional 29 geometry
25 ( 27 d
26 3 27 d
27 d 28 )
30 and 31 to
31 to 32 study
32 study 34 effects
32 study 41 twist
33 the 34 effects
34 effects 35 of
34 effects 41 twist
35 of 36 aging
36 aging 37 on
36 aging 40 lv
37 on 39 d
38 3 39 d
41 twist 42 by
41 twist 50 tracking
42 by 48 speckle
43 sophisticated 48 speckle
44 newly 45 developed
45 developed 48 speckle
46 3 47 d
47 d 48 speckle
49 - 50 tracking
50 tracking 52 techniques
50 tracking 53 .
51 echocardiographic 52 techniques

methods : recent developments in miniaturized ultrasound arrays have provided us with high - quality 3 d echocardiographic data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 developments
3 recent 4 developments
4 developments 5 in
4 developments 8 arrays
4 developments 10 provided
5 in 7 ultrasound
6 miniaturized 7 ultrasound
8 arrays 9 have
9 have 10 provided
10 provided 11 us
10 provided 12 with
12 with 19 data
13 high 14 -
13 high 15 quality
15 quality 19 data
16 3 17 d
17 d 19 data
18 echocardiographic 19 data

speckle tracking based on 3 d images is robust to out - [of] [-] plane motion error , whereas 2 - dimensional speckle tracking is inherently unable to analyze 3 d cardiac motion and may lead to measurement inaccuracies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 speckle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 speckle 2 tracking
1 speckle 4 on
1 speckle 8 is
2 tracking 3 based
4 on 7 images
5 3 6 d
6 d 7 images
8 is 9 robust
9 robust 10 to
10 to 17 error
11 out 12 -
11 out 15 plane
15 plane 16 motion
16 motion 17 error
18 , 24 tracking
18 , 36 lead
19 whereas 20 2
19 whereas 21 -
19 whereas 24 tracking
22 dimensional 23 speckle
23 speckle 24 tracking
24 tracking 25 is
25 is 27 unable
26 inherently 27 unable
27 unable 28 to
27 unable 34 and
28 to 34 and
29 analyze 33 motion
29 analyze 34 and
30 3 31 d
31 d 33 motion
32 cardiac 33 motion
34 and 35 may
35 may 36 lead
36 lead 37 to
37 to 39 inaccuracies
38 measurement 39 inaccuracies

three - dimensional [lv] volumetric images were acquired from 124 healthy volunteers ( aged 21 - 82 years ) and were analyzed by a recent speckle - tracking method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 6 images
3 dimensional 6 images
5 volumetric 6 images
6 images 20 and
7 were 8 acquired
7 were 20 and
8 acquired 9 from
9 from 12 volunteers
10 124 12 volunteers
11 healthy 12 volunteers
12 volunteers 14 aged
12 volunteers 18 years
13 ( 14 aged
14 aged 15 21
14 aged 16 -
16 - 18 years
17 82 18 years
18 years 19 )
20 and 21 were
20 and 23 by
20 and 26 speckle
20 and 28 tracking
21 were 22 analyzed
24 a 26 speckle
25 recent 26 speckle
27 - 28 tracking
28 tracking 29 method
28 tracking 30 .

left [ventricular] [twist] was analyzed as apical rotation relative to the base in the 3 d coordinates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 left
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 left 4 was
4 was 5 analyzed
5 analyzed 6 as
6 as 8 rotation
7 apical 8 rotation
8 rotation 9 relative
9 relative 10 to
9 relative 13 in
10 to 12 base
11 the 12 base
13 in 17 coordinates
14 the 17 coordinates
15 3 16 d
16 d 17 coordinates

the measured parameters in this study were peak apical rotation , peak basal rotation , peak lv [twist] , normalized peak [lv] twist , and peak untwist velocity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 peak
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 parameters
2 measured 3 parameters
3 parameters 4 in
3 parameters 7 were
4 in 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 were 8 peak
8 peak 10 rotation
9 apical 10 rotation
11 , 25 and
11 , 27 untwist
12 peak 14 rotation
13 basal 14 rotation
14 rotation 15 ,
15 , 16 peak
15 , 19 ,
16 peak 17 lv
19 , 23 twist
19 , 25 and
20 normalized 21 peak
21 peak 23 twist
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 peak
25 and 27 untwist
27 untwist 28 velocity

results : as [seen] from the apex , [the] [normal] lv maintains a wringing systolic displacement with an initial counterclockwise rotation followed by a [clockwise] rotation in the [lv] basal plane and a [counterclockwise] rotation in the [lv] apical plane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 21 rotation
2 : 22 followed
3 as 11 lv
3 as 12 maintains
3 as 21 rotation
5 from 7 apex
5 from 8 ,
5 from 11 lv
6 the 7 apex
11 lv 12 maintains
12 maintains 16 displacement
13 a 16 displacement
14 wringing 16 displacement
15 systolic 16 displacement
16 displacement 17 with
17 with 19 initial
18 an 19 initial
20 counterclockwise 21 rotation
21 rotation 22 followed
22 followed 23 by
22 followed 36 in
23 by 32 and
24 a 26 rotation
26 rotation 27 in
26 rotation 32 and
27 in 31 plane
28 the 31 plane
30 basal 31 plane
32 and 35 rotation
33 a 35 rotation
36 in 40 plane
37 the 40 plane
39 apical 40 plane

in general , the apical and basal twist increases during the aging process , leading to an increased [lv] twist value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 twist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increases
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 8 twist
4 the 8 twist
5 apical 6 and
6 and 7 basal
6 and 8 twist
8 twist 9 increases
9 increases 10 during
9 increases 15 leading
10 during 13 process
11 the 13 process
12 aging 13 process
14 , 15 leading
15 leading 16 to
15 leading 22 .
16 to 21 value
17 an 21 value
18 increased 20 twist
20 twist 21 value

the mean peak twist ± [sd] in young participants ( 21 - 35 years ) was 11.73 ° ± 2.67 [°] , whereas the value for older participants ( >65 years ) was 18.57 ° ± 3.08 ° ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 5 ±
2 mean 5 ±
3 peak 4 twist
4 twist 5 ±
5 ± 7 in
5 ± 16 was
7 in 9 participants
8 young 9 participants
9 participants 11 21
9 participants 14 years
10 ( 11 21
11 21 12 -
12 - 14 years
13 35 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 was 19 ±
16 was 23 whereas
17 11.73 18 °
18 ° 19 ±
19 ± 20 2.67
22 , 23 whereas
23 whereas 25 value
23 whereas 33 was
23 whereas 44 )
24 the 25 value
25 value 26 for
25 value 33 was
26 for 28 participants
27 older 28 participants
28 participants 31 years
29 ( 31 years
30 >65 31 years
31 years 32 )
33 was 36 ±
34 18.57 35 °
35 ° 36 ±
36 ± 41 <
37 3.08 38 °
38 ° 41 <
39 ( 41 <
40 p 41 <
41 < 43 001

conclusions : three - dimensional speckle - tracking echocardiography can be an effective noninvasive method for assessing 3 d [lv] [twist] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 three
2 : 4 -
4 - 6 speckle
4 - 7 -
4 - 11 be
5 dimensional 6 speckle
7 - 11 be
8 tracking 9 echocardiography
9 echocardiography 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 15 method
12 an 15 method
13 effective 15 method
14 noninvasive 15 method
15 method 16 for
16 for 17 assessing
17 assessing 19 d
18 3 19 d

age - related differences in the 3 d [lv] twist may be the result of the age - related changes in the endocardial myofibers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
1 age 11 may
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 differences
3 related 5 in
3 related 11 may
5 in 10 twist
6 the 10 twist
7 3 8 d
8 d 10 twist
11 may 12 be
12 be 14 result
13 the 14 result
14 result 15 of
15 of 17 age
16 the 17 age
18 - 19 related
19 related 20 changes
19 related 21 in
19 related 25 .
21 in 24 myofibers
22 the 24 myofibers
23 endocardial 24 myofibers

objectives : to evaluate changes in the common duct diameter on sonography over time in patients [with] and without cholecystectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 5 changes
4 evaluate 6 in
4 evaluate 11 on
4 evaluate 13 over
6 in 10 diameter
7 the 10 diameter
8 common 9 duct
9 duct 10 diameter
11 on 12 sonography
13 over 14 time
14 time 18 and
15 in 16 patients
15 in 18 and
18 and 19 without
19 without 20 cholecystectomy

methods : we retrospectively evaluated the common duct diameter , central biliary dilatation , and interval change in 1079 patients who underwent sonography at least 2 years apart over a 6 [-] year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 5 evaluated
2 : 10 ,
2 : 35 .
3 we 5 evaluated
4 retrospectively 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 9 diameter
6 the 9 diameter
7 common 9 diameter
8 duct 9 diameter
10 , 15 and
10 , 17 change
11 central 13 dilatation
12 biliary 13 dilatation
13 dilatation 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 interval
15 and 17 change
17 change 18 in
17 change 20 patients
19 1079 20 patients
20 patients 21 who
20 patients 22 underwent
21 who 22 underwent
22 underwent 23 sonography
22 underwent 28 apart
22 underwent 29 over
24 at 25 least
25 least 26 2
26 2 27 years
27 years 28 apart
29 over 34 period
30 a 34 period
31 6 33 year
33 year 34 period

a board - certified radiologist , blinded to clinical and laboratory data , measured the duct diameter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 board
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 a 2 board
3 - 5 radiologist
3 - 6 ,
3 - 18 .
4 certified 5 radiologist
6 , 13 ,
7 blinded 8 to
7 blinded 12 data
7 blinded 13 ,
8 to 10 and
9 clinical 10 and
10 and 11 laboratory
13 , 14 measured
14 measured 17 diameter
15 the 17 diameter
16 duct 17 diameter

a total of 893 patients ( 568 female and 325 male ) were divided into 3 groups [:] group 1 [,] remote cholecystectomy before sonography ( mean , 9.7 years before sonography [;] n = 117 ) [;] group 2 [,] interval cholecystectomy between the first [and] second sonographic examinations ( n = 56 ) [;] [and] group 3 , no cholecystectomy ( n = 720 ) . 
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 5 patients
2 total 13 were
2 total 14 divided
3 of 4 893
5 patients 9 and
5 patients 13 were
6 ( 9 and
7 568 8 female
8 female 9 and
9 and 11 male
9 and 12 )
10 325 11 male
14 divided 15 into
14 divided 23 cholecystectomy
15 into 16 3
16 3 17 groups
16 3 19 group
17 groups 19 group
20 1 23 cholecystectomy
22 remote 23 cholecystectomy
23 cholecystectomy 24 before
23 cholecystectomy 31 before
24 before 25 sonography
25 sonography 27 mean
26 ( 27 mean
27 mean 28 ,
29 9.7 30 years
30 years 31 before
31 before 42 interval
32 sonography 35 =
32 sonography 42 interval
34 n 35 =
35 = 36 117
35 = 37 )
39 group 42 interval
40 2 42 interval
42 interval 43 cholecystectomy
43 cholecystectomy 44 between
44 between 48 second
45 the 48 second
46 first 48 second
48 second 50 examinations
48 second 58 group
49 sonographic 50 examinations
50 examinations 53 =
50 examinations 58 group
51 ( 53 =
52 n 53 =
53 = 54 56
53 = 55 )
58 group 59 3
59 3 62 cholecystectomy
60 , 62 cholecystectomy
61 no 62 cholecystectomy
62 cholecystectomy 65 =
62 cholecystectomy 68 .
63 ( 65 =
64 n 65 =
65 = 66 720
65 = 67 )

all groups were stratified by age , and group 3 was also stratified by the absence ( n = 528 ) [or] [presence] ( n=192 ) of gallstones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 stratified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 all 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 4 stratified
4 stratified 5 by
5 by 6 age
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 group
8 and 13 stratified
9 group 10 3
9 group 11 was
11 was 12 also
11 was 13 stratified
13 stratified 14 by
14 by 16 absence
15 the 16 absence
16 absence 19 =
16 absence 25 n=192
16 absence 27 of
17 ( 19 =
18 n 19 =
19 = 20 528
19 = 21 )
24 ( 25 n=192
25 n=192 26 )
27 of 28 gallstones

results : duct diameters at baseline and follow - up [averaged] 4.5 and 5.2 , 3.6 and 4.9 , [and] 3.5 and 3.9 mm in groups 1 , 2 [,] and 3 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 and
3 duct 4 diameters
3 duct 5 at
3 duct 7 and
5 at 6 baseline
7 and 8 follow
9 - 10 up
9 - 35 .
10 up 13 and
10 up 24 mm
10 up 25 in
10 up 34 respectively
12 4.5 13 and
13 and 14 5.2
13 and 17 and
15 , 17 and
16 3.6 17 and
17 and 18 4.9
17 and 19 ,
21 3.5 22 and
22 and 23 3.9
22 and 24 mm
25 in 26 groups
26 groups 27 1
26 groups 31 and
28 , 31 and
29 2 31 and
31 and 32 3
31 and 33 ,

group 1 ducts were larger at baseline than in the other groups ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ducts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 group 2 1
1 group 3 ducts
3 ducts 4 were
4 were 5 larger
5 larger 6 at
5 larger 8 than
6 at 7 baseline
8 than 9 in
9 in 12 groups
10 the 11 other
11 other 12 groups
12 groups 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 17 001
15 < 18 )

at [follow] - up , group 2 ducts showed a greater interval diameter increase than the other groups ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 at 4 up
1 at 5 ,
1 at 6 group
3 - 4 up
6 group 7 2
6 group 8 ducts
6 group 9 showed
6 group 18 groups
8 ducts 9 showed
9 showed 14 increase
9 showed 15 than
10 a 14 increase
11 greater 12 interval
12 interval 14 increase
13 diameter 14 increase
15 than 17 other
16 the 17 other
18 groups 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 23 001
21 < 24 )

in [a] subanalysis of each group based on age , there was a mild increase in duct size with increasing age , [although] not clinically significant [and] within normal limits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
1 in 3 subanalysis
1 in 10 ,
1 in 11 there
3 subanalysis 4 of
4 of 6 group
5 each 6 group
6 group 7 based
7 based 8 on
8 on 9 age
11 there 12 was
12 was 15 increase
13 a 14 mild
13 a 15 increase
14 mild 15 increase
15 increase 16 in
16 in 18 size
17 duct 18 size
18 size 19 with
18 size 26 significant
19 with 20 increasing
20 increasing 21 age
22 , 24 not
22 , 26 significant
25 clinically 26 significant
26 significant 28 within
26 significant 31 .
28 within 30 limits
29 normal 30 limits

in group 3 patients who never had gallstones , there was a significant small increase in duct size over decades ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 4 patients
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 there
2 group 4 patients
3 3 4 patients
4 patients 5 who
4 patients 7 had
5 who 7 had
6 never 7 had
7 had 8 gallstones
10 there 11 was
11 was 15 increase
12 a 13 significant
12 a 15 increase
13 significant 15 increase
14 small 15 increase
15 increase 16 in
16 in 18 size
17 duct 18 size
18 size 19 over
19 over 20 decades
20 decades 23 <
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 25 001
23 < 26 )

the baseline duct sizes for patients with gallstones were not significantly different from those who never had gallstones ( p = [.] 15 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 sizes
2 baseline 4 sizes
3 duct 4 sizes
4 sizes 5 for
4 sizes 9 were
5 for 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
7 with 8 gallstones
9 were 10 not
9 were 12 different
10 not 11 significantly
11 significantly 12 different
12 different 13 from
13 from 14 those
14 those 15 who
14 those 17 had
15 who 17 had
16 never 17 had
17 had 18 gallstones
18 gallstones 21 =
19 ( 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 23 15
21 = 24 )

conclusions : patients with remote cholecystectomy have larger common duct diameters than those with no [or] interval cholecystectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 patients
2 : 7 have
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 7 have
4 with 6 cholecystectomy
5 remote 6 cholecystectomy
7 have 11 diameters
7 have 12 than
8 larger 10 duct
9 common 10 duct
10 duct 11 diameters
12 than 13 those
13 those 14 with
14 with 18 cholecystectomy
15 no 18 cholecystectomy
17 interval 18 cholecystectomy

most asymptomatic patients [with] or [without] cholecystectomy have a normal common duct diameter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 most 2 asymptomatic
2 asymptomatic 3 patients
3 patients 5 or
5 or 7 cholecystectomy
5 or 8 have
8 have 13 diameter
9 a 10 normal
9 a 13 diameter
10 normal 12 duct
11 common 12 duct
12 duct 13 diameter

falls and associated injury and mortality [are] of increasing concern among aging americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 falls 2 and
2 and 3 associated
3 associated 5 and
4 injury 5 and
5 and 6 mortality
5 and 8 of
8 of 9 increasing
9 increasing 10 concern
9 increasing 11 among
11 among 12 aging
12 aging 13 americans

early detection of fall risk can prevent [future] falls ; however , uptake of evidence [-] based screening and assessment protocols in the clinical setting has been limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 early 2 detection
2 detection 3 of
2 detection 5 risk
2 detection 7 prevent
2 detection 9 falls
3 of 4 fall
5 risk 6 can
6 can 7 prevent
10 ; 13 uptake
10 ; 27 been
11 however 12 ,
11 however 13 uptake
13 uptake 14 of
13 uptake 26 has
14 of 15 evidence
15 evidence 17 based
17 based 25 setting
18 screening 19 and
19 and 21 protocols
19 and 22 in
19 and 25 setting
20 assessment 21 protocols
22 in 24 clinical
23 the 24 clinical
26 has 27 been
27 been 28 limited

a variety of practice guidelines and financial incentives are available to health care professionals to facilitate adoption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 variety
2 variety 3 of
2 variety 6 and
3 of 5 guidelines
4 practice 5 guidelines
6 and 8 incentives
6 and 9 are
7 financial 8 incentives
9 are 10 available
10 available 11 to
10 available 15 to
11 to 14 professionals
12 health 14 professionals
13 care 14 professionals
15 to 16 facilitate
16 facilitate 17 adoption

yet , there remains [a] gap between recommended practices and current clinical activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 gap
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 4 remains
3 there 4 remains
4 remains 6 gap
6 gap 7 between
6 gap 13 activities
7 between 10 and
8 recommended 9 practices
9 practices 10 and
10 and 11 current
12 clinical 13 activities

this commentary addresses the complexities of fall prevention practices and offers solutions that can facilitate adoption by clinical practices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 commentary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 commentary
2 commentary 10 and
3 addresses 5 complexities
3 addresses 10 and
4 the 5 complexities
5 complexities 6 of
6 of 9 practices
7 fall 9 practices
8 prevention 9 practices
10 and 11 offers
10 and 17 by
11 offers 12 solutions
11 offers 16 adoption
12 solutions 13 that
12 solutions 15 facilitate
13 that 14 can
14 can 15 facilitate
17 by 19 practices
18 clinical 19 practices

toward this end , this commentary will present two models ( i.e [.] , a clinical approach and a financial incentive approach ) to summarize current clinical recommendations and practice guidelines for fall risk management in clinical settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 commentary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 toward 3 end
1 toward 4 ,
1 toward 6 commentary
2 this 3 end
5 this 6 commentary
6 commentary 7 will
7 will 8 present
8 present 10 models
8 present 24 to
9 two 10 models
10 models 12 i.e
11 ( 12 i.e
12 i.e 18 and
12 i.e 23 )
14 , 18 and
15 a 16 clinical
15 a 17 approach
16 clinical 17 approach
17 approach 18 and
18 and 22 approach
18 and 23 )
19 a 22 approach
20 financial 21 incentive
21 incentive 22 approach
24 to 29 and
25 summarize 28 recommendations
25 summarize 29 and
26 current 28 recommendations
27 clinical 28 recommendations
29 and 30 practice
29 and 35 management
30 practice 31 guidelines
30 practice 32 for
32 for 34 risk
33 fall 34 risk
35 management 36 in
36 in 38 settings
37 clinical 38 settings

the various drivers [to] encourage adoption of evidence - based fall risk management strategies will be described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 drivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 encourage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 drivers
2 various 3 drivers
3 drivers 5 encourage
5 encourage 6 adoption
6 adoption 7 of
7 of 8 evidence
9 - 16 be
10 based 11 fall
11 fall 14 strategies
12 risk 14 strategies
13 management 14 strategies
14 strategies 15 will
15 will 16 be
16 be 17 described

in this context , we will discuss how understanding the different system wide practice improvement initiatives and factors that drive action in physician groups , can facilitate adoption and implementation of fall risk management behaviors by clinicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 context
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 context
5 we 25 ,
6 will 7 discuss
6 will 25 ,
7 discuss 8 how
8 how 9 understanding
8 how 24 groups
9 understanding 23 physician
9 understanding 24 groups
10 the 23 physician
11 different 12 system
12 system 15 improvement
13 wide 14 practice
14 practice 15 improvement
15 improvement 23 physician
16 initiatives 17 and
17 and 18 factors
17 and 19 that
17 and 20 drive
17 and 23 physician
19 that 20 drive
20 drive 21 action
20 drive 22 in
25 , 26 can
25 , 36 by
26 can 27 facilitate
27 facilitate 29 and
28 adoption 29 and
29 and 30 implementation
29 and 31 of
31 of 35 behaviors
32 fall 35 behaviors
33 risk 35 behaviors
34 management 35 behaviors
36 by 37 clinicians

additional efforts are needed to explore and assess similar initiatives to adopt and implement fall risk management practices at different entry points into the system ( e.g [.] , community settings , patients , caregivers ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 additional 2 efforts
2 efforts 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 7 and
6 explore 7 and
7 and 8 assess
7 and 11 to
8 assess 10 initiatives
9 similar 10 initiatives
11 to 13 and
12 adopt 13 and
13 and 14 implement
14 implement 18 practices
15 fall 18 practices
16 risk 17 management
17 management 18 practices
18 practices 19 at
18 practices 23 into
18 practices 27 e.g
19 at 22 points
20 different 21 entry
21 entry 22 points
23 into 25 system
24 the 25 system
26 ( 27 e.g
27 e.g 31 settings
27 e.g 33 patients
27 e.g 36 )
29 , 31 settings
30 community 31 settings
31 settings 32 ,
32 , 33 patients
33 patients 35 caregivers
33 patients 36 )
34 , 35 caregivers
35 caregivers 36 )

purpose : this study compared the efficacy of complicated grief therapy ( cgt ; shear , k ..y [[] 2003 []] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 compared
2 : 14 ;
2 : 22 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 compared
5 compared 7 efficacy
6 the 7 efficacy
7 efficacy 8 of
8 of 11 therapy
9 complicated 10 grief
10 grief 11 therapy
11 therapy 13 cgt
12 ( 13 cgt
13 cgt 14 ;
14 ; 15 shear
14 ; 16 ,
16 , 17 k
16 , 18 ..y
17 k 18 ..y
18 ..y 20 2003

complicated grief : a guidebook for therapists [ liberty version ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 grief
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 complicated 2 grief
2 grief 3 :
3 : 5 guidebook
4 a 5 guidebook
5 guidebook 6 for
6 for 7 therapists
7 therapists 10 version
8 [ 10 version
9 liberty 10 version
10 version 11 ]

new york state office of mental heath ; shear , k ..y [,] frank , e ..y [,] houck , p ..y [r] ..y [,] [&] reynolds , c ..y f ..y [3rd] [[] 2005 []] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 heath
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 new 2 york
2 york 3 state
3 state 4 office
4 office 5 of
4 office 7 heath
5 of 6 mental
8 ; 9 shear
8 ; 10 ,
10 , 11 k
10 , 12 ..y
10 , 15 ,
11 k 12 ..y
12 ..y 14 frank
15 , 16 e
15 , 17 ..y
15 , 20 ,
16 e 17 ..y
17 ..y 19 houck
20 , 21 p
20 , 22 ..y
20 , 28 ,
21 p 22 ..y
22 ..y 24 ..y
24 ..y 27 reynolds
28 , 29 c
28 , 30 ..y
29 c 30 ..y
30 ..y 31 f
31 f 32 ..y
32 ..y 35 2005

treatment of complicated grief : a randomized controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 5 :
2 of 4 grief
3 complicated 4 grief
5 : 9 trial
6 a 9 trial
7 randomized 9 trial
8 controlled 9 trial

the journal of the american medical association , 293 , 2601 - 2608 ) administered as group therapy ( cggt ) with standard group therapy ( treatment as usual [ tau ] ) in older adults presenting with complicated grief ( cg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 journal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 journal
2 journal 3 of
2 journal 9 293
2 journal 12 -
2 journal 15 administered
3 of 7 association
4 the 5 american
5 american 7 association
6 medical 7 association
8 , 9 293
9 293 10 ,
10 , 12 -
11 2601 12 -
12 - 13 2608
12 - 14 )
15 administered 16 as
15 administered 22 with
15 administered 34 in
15 administered 37 presenting
15 administered 38 with
16 as 18 therapy
17 group 18 therapy
18 therapy 20 cggt
19 ( 20 cggt
20 cggt 21 )
22 with 25 therapy
23 standard 25 therapy
24 group 25 therapy
25 therapy 27 treatment
26 ( 27 treatment
27 treatment 29 usual
27 treatment 31 tau
27 treatment 33 )
28 as 29 usual
30 [ 31 tau
31 tau 32 ]
34 in 36 adults
35 older 36 adults
38 with 40 grief
39 complicated 40 grief
40 grief 42 cg
41 ( 42 cg
42 cg 43 )

methods : the design was a 2×4 , prospective , randomized controlled clinical trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 design
2 : 5 was
2 : 15 .
3 the 4 design
4 design 5 was
5 was 14 trial
6 a 7 2×4
6 a 14 trial
7 2×4 8 ,
7 2×4 14 trial
9 prospective 10 ,
9 prospective 14 trial
11 randomized 14 trial
12 controlled 14 trial
13 clinical 14 trial

the independent variable [was] group type , with 1 group receiving experimental methods based on the work of shear et al . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 type
1 the 5 group
2 independent 3 variable
3 variable 5 group
5 group 6 type
6 type 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 13 methods
8 with 22 .
9 1 13 methods
10 group 11 receiving
11 receiving 13 methods
12 experimental 13 methods
13 methods 14 based
14 based 15 on
15 on 17 work
16 the 17 work
17 work 18 of
18 of 21 al
19 shear 21 al
20 et 21 al

[(] shear [,] k . [,] frank , e ..y [,] houck , p ..y r ..y [,] [&] reynolds [,] [c] . [f] [.] [3rd] [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
2 shear 4 k
5 . 7 frank
5 . 8 ,
5 . 17 ..y
5 . 23 .
8 , 9 e
8 , 10 ..y
8 , 13 ,
9 e 10 ..y
10 ..y 12 houck
13 , 14 p
13 , 15 ..y
14 p 15 ..y
15 ..y 16 r
16 r 17 ..y
17 ..y 20 reynolds

[[] 2005 []] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 2005
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .

treatment of complicated grief : a randomized controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 5 :
2 of 4 grief
3 complicated 4 grief
5 : 9 trial
6 a 9 trial
7 randomized 9 trial
8 controlled 9 trial

the journal of the american medical association , 293 , 2601 - 2608 ) , cggt [versus] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 cggt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 16 cggt
2 journal 3 of
2 journal 16 cggt
3 of 7 association
4 the 5 american
5 american 7 association
6 medical 7 association
7 association 9 293
8 , 9 293
9 293 12 -
9 293 15 ,
10 , 12 -
11 2601 12 -
12 - 13 2608
12 - 14 )

tau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tau
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .

the dependent variable was treatment [response] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 3 variable
2 dependent 3 variable
3 variable 4 was
4 was 5 treatment

results : cggt participants demonstrated higher treatment [response] than tau participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 cggt
3 cggt 4 participants
3 cggt 5 demonstrated
4 participants 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 7 treatment
5 demonstrated 9 than
6 higher 7 treatment
9 than 11 participants
10 tau 11 participants

although participants in both groups showed improvement in cg measures , cggt participants realized significantly greater improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 realized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 although 2 participants
1 although 6 showed
1 although 11 ,
1 although 13 participants
2 participants 3 in
2 participants 6 showed
3 in 5 groups
4 both 5 groups
6 showed 7 improvement
6 showed 10 measures
7 improvement 8 in
8 in 9 cg
12 cggt 13 participants
13 participants 14 realized
14 realized 17 improvement
15 significantly 16 greater
16 greater 17 improvement

more importantly , when cg was measured on prolonged grief disorder scale , nearly half of cggt participants realized clinically significant improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 realized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 more 2 importantly
2 importantly 3 ,
2 importantly 15 half
3 , 4 when
4 when 5 cg
4 when 6 was
4 when 13 ,
4 when 15 half
5 cg 6 was
6 was 7 measured
7 measured 8 on
8 on 12 scale
9 prolonged 10 grief
10 grief 11 disorder
11 disorder 12 scale
14 nearly 15 half
15 half 16 of
15 half 19 realized
16 of 18 participants
17 cggt 18 participants
19 realized 20 clinically
19 realized 22 improvement
21 significant 22 improvement

all cggt completers had brief grief questionnaire scores upon follow - up that , had they scored at that level [at] pretest , would have disqualified them for study [enrollment] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 completers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 all 3 completers
2 cggt 3 completers
3 completers 4 had
4 had 6 grief
4 had 10 follow
5 brief 6 grief
6 grief 7 questionnaire
6 grief 9 upon
7 questionnaire 8 scores
8 scores 9 upon
11 - 12 up
11 - 14 ,
11 - 31 .
12 up 13 that
14 , 23 ,
15 had 16 they
15 had 17 scored
15 had 23 ,
17 scored 18 at
18 at 20 level
19 that 20 level
22 pretest 23 ,
23 , 24 would
24 would 25 have
25 have 26 disqualified
26 disqualified 27 them
26 disqualified 28 for
28 for 29 study

implications : the high level of clinical significance suggests that cggt participants were effectively treated for cg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 level
2 : 9 suggests
2 : 18 .
3 the 5 level
4 high 5 level
5 level 6 of
5 level 9 suggests
6 of 8 significance
7 clinical 8 significance
9 suggests 10 that
10 that 12 participants
10 that 15 treated
11 cggt 12 participants
12 participants 13 were
13 were 14 effectively
13 were 15 treated
15 treated 16 for
16 for 17 cg

this study offers evidence that cggt holds promise for treatment of cg in older adults and merits inquiry in other populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 offers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 offers
3 offers 4 evidence
3 offers 18 inquiry
3 offers 19 in
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 6 cggt
5 that 7 holds
6 cggt 7 holds
7 holds 16 and
8 promise 9 for
8 promise 16 and
9 for 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 of
11 of 12 cg
12 cg 13 in
13 in 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 and 17 merits
19 in 21 populations
20 other 21 populations

purpose : experience corps baltimore city ( ec ) is a product of a partnership between the greater homewood community corporation ( ghcc ) and the johns hopkins center on aging and health ( coah ) that began in 1998 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 6 city
2 : 10 is
3 experience 4 corps
4 corps 5 baltimore
5 baltimore 6 city
6 city 8 ec
6 city 10 is
7 ( 8 ec
8 ec 9 )
10 is 32 and
10 is 39 in
11 a 12 product
12 product 13 of
12 product 25 and
13 of 15 partnership
14 a 15 partnership
15 partnership 16 between
15 partnership 23 ghcc
16 between 21 corporation
17 the 21 corporation
18 greater 19 homewood
19 homewood 20 community
20 community 21 corporation
22 ( 23 ghcc
23 ghcc 24 )
25 and 29 center
25 and 30 on
25 and 32 and
26 the 29 center
27 johns 28 hopkins
28 hopkins 29 center
30 on 31 aging
32 and 33 health
32 and 37 that
32 and 38 began
33 health 35 coah
34 ( 35 coah
35 coah 36 )
37 that 38 began
39 in 40 1998

ec recruits volunteers aged 55 and older into high - impact mentoring and tutoring roles in public elementary schools that are designed to also benefit the volunteers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ec
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recruits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 ec 2 recruits
2 recruits 3 volunteers
2 recruits 6 and
2 recruits 8 into
2 recruits 16 in
4 aged 5 55
4 aged 6 and
6 and 7 older
8 into 15 roles
9 high 10 -
9 high 15 roles
11 impact 12 mentoring
12 mentoring 13 and
13 and 14 tutoring
13 and 15 roles
16 in 19 schools
17 public 19 schools
18 elementary 19 schools
19 schools 20 that
19 schools 21 are
20 that 21 are
21 are 22 designed
22 designed 23 to
22 designed 25 benefit
23 to 25 benefit
24 also 25 benefit
25 benefit 27 volunteers
26 the 27 volunteers

we describe the evolution of the ghcc - coah partnership through the " courtship model . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 describe
2 describe 4 evolution
2 describe 11 through
3 the 4 evolution
4 evolution 5 of
5 of 10 partnership
6 the 10 partnership
7 ghcc 9 coah
8 - 9 coah
9 coah 10 partnership
11 through 15 model
12 the 13 "
12 the 15 model
14 courtship 15 model
16 . 17 "

design and methods : we describe how community [-] based participatory research principals , such as shared governance , were applied at the following stages [:] ( 1 ) partner selection [,] ( 2 ) getting serious , [(] 3 ) commitment , and [(] 4 [ )(leaving a legacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 describe
5 we 6 describe
6 describe 7 how
7 how 13 principals
7 how 36 getting
8 community 10 based
10 based 13 principals
11 participatory 12 research
12 research 13 principals
13 principals 16 as
13 principals 20 were
14 , 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 governance
16 as 19 ,
17 shared 18 governance
20 were 21 applied
21 applied 22 at
22 at 24 following
23 the 24 following
24 following 25 stages
24 following 30 partner
24 following 36 getting
25 stages 28 1
25 stages 30 partner
27 ( 28 1
28 1 29 )
30 partner 31 selection
31 selection 34 2
33 ( 34 2
34 2 35 )
36 getting 44 and
36 getting 50 legacy
37 serious 40 3
37 serious 42 commitment
38 , 40 3
40 3 41 )
42 commitment 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 48 )(leaving
46 4 48 )(leaving
49 a 50 legacy

results : ec could not have achieved its current level of success without academic - community partnership . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ec
2 : 7 achieved
2 : 18 .
3 ec 4 could
4 could 5 not
4 could 6 have
6 have 7 achieved
7 achieved 10 level
7 achieved 13 without
8 its 10 level
9 current 10 level
10 level 11 of
11 of 12 success
13 without 17 partnership
14 academic 15 -
14 academic 16 community
16 community 17 partnership

in early stages of the " courtship model , " ghcc and coah were able to rely on the trust developed between the leadership of the partner organizations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 stages
1 in 14 were
2 early 3 stages
3 stages 4 of
4 of 7 courtship
5 the 6 "
5 the 7 courtship
8 model 9 ,
9 , 10 "
9 , 11 ghcc
9 , 12 and
12 and 13 coah
12 and 14 were
14 were 15 able
15 able 16 to
15 able 17 rely
16 to 17 rely
17 rely 18 on
17 rely 22 between
18 on 20 trust
19 the 20 trust
20 trust 21 developed
22 between 24 leadership
23 the 24 leadership
24 leadership 25 of
25 of 28 organizations
26 the 28 organizations
27 partner 28 organizations

competing missions from different [community] and academic funders led to tension in later stages of the " courtship model " and necessitated a formal memorandum of understanding between the partners as they embarked on a randomized controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 missions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 on
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 competing 2 missions
2 missions 3 from
2 missions 21 and
3 from 8 funders
4 different 6 and
6 and 7 academic
6 and 8 funders
9 led 10 to
9 led 12 in
9 led 21 and
10 to 11 tension
12 in 14 stages
13 later 14 stages
14 stages 15 of
15 of 19 model
16 the 17 "
16 the 19 model
18 courtship 19 model
19 model 20 "
21 and 22 necessitated
21 and 31 as
22 necessitated 25 memorandum
22 necessitated 28 between
23 a 25 memorandum
24 formal 25 memorandum
25 memorandum 26 of
26 of 27 understanding
28 between 30 partners
29 the 30 partners
31 as 32 they
31 as 34 on
32 they 34 on
33 embarked 34 on
34 on 38 trial
35 a 38 trial
36 randomized 38 trial
37 controlled 38 trial

implications : the ghcc - coah partnership demonstrates how academic - community partnerships can serve as an engine for social innovation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 partnership
2 : 8 demonstrates
2 : 22 .
3 the 7 partnership
4 ghcc 6 coah
5 - 6 coah
6 coah 7 partnership
7 partnership 8 demonstrates
8 demonstrates 9 how
9 how 10 academic
10 academic 11 -
10 academic 12 community
12 community 13 partnerships
13 partnerships 14 can
14 can 15 serve
15 serve 16 as
16 as 18 engine
17 an 18 engine
18 engine 19 for
19 for 21 innovation
20 social 21 innovation

the partnership could serve as a model for other communities seeking multiple funding sources to implement similar public health interventions that are based on national service models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 partnership
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 partnership
2 partnership 3 could
3 could 4 serve
4 serve 5 as
4 serve 15 to
5 as 7 model
6 a 7 model
7 model 8 for
7 model 11 seeking
8 for 10 communities
9 other 10 communities
11 seeking 14 sources
12 multiple 14 sources
13 funding 14 sources
15 to 16 implement
16 implement 20 interventions
17 similar 19 health
18 public 19 health
19 health 20 interventions
20 interventions 21 that
20 interventions 22 are
21 that 22 are
22 are 23 based
23 based 24 on
24 on 27 models
25 national 26 service
26 service 27 models

unified funding mechanisms would assist the formation of academic - community partnerships that could support the design , implementation , and the evaluation of community [-] based public health interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 unified 3 mechanisms
2 funding 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 would
4 would 5 assist
5 assist 7 formation
6 the 7 formation
7 formation 8 of
7 formation 13 that
7 formation 15 support
8 of 12 partnerships
9 academic 10 -
9 academic 11 community
11 community 12 partnerships
13 that 14 could
14 could 15 support
15 support 21 and
16 the 17 design
17 design 18 ,
18 , 19 implementation
18 , 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 evaluation
21 and 24 of
22 the 23 evaluation
24 of 30 interventions
25 community 27 based
27 based 29 health
28 public 29 health
29 health 30 interventions

objectives : in the context of social convoy theory , the purposes of the study were ( [a] [ )(to identify an empirical typology of the social networks evident in older korean immigrants [and] ( [b] [ )(to examine its association with self - rated health and depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 context
4 the 5 context
5 context 6 of
6 of 9 theory
7 social 9 theory
8 convoy 9 theory
10 , 12 purposes
10 , 21 identify
11 the 12 purposes
12 purposes 13 of
12 purposes 16 were
13 of 15 study
14 the 15 study
16 were 20 )(to
17 ( 20 )(to
20 )(to 21 identify
21 identify 24 typology
22 an 23 empirical
22 an 24 typology
23 empirical 24 typology
24 typology 25 of
24 typology 29 evident
25 of 28 networks
26 the 28 networks
27 social 28 networks
29 evident 30 in
29 evident 38 )(to
30 in 33 immigrants
31 older 32 korean
32 korean 33 immigrants
35 ( 38 )(to
38 )(to 39 examine
38 )(to 50 .
39 examine 41 association
39 examine 42 with
40 its 41 association
42 with 43 self
43 self 47 and
44 - 47 and
45 rated 46 health
46 health 47 and
47 and 49 symptoms
47 and 50 .
48 depressive 49 symptoms

method : the sample consisted of 1,092 community [-] dwelling older korean immigrants in florida and new york . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 sample
2 : 5 consisted
2 : 19 .
3 the 4 sample
4 sample 5 consisted
5 consisted 6 of
6 of 13 immigrants
7 1,092 13 immigrants
8 community 10 dwelling
10 dwelling 13 immigrants
11 older 12 korean
12 korean 13 immigrants
13 immigrants 14 in
14 in 16 and
15 florida 16 and
16 and 18 york
17 new 18 york

latent class analyses were conducted to identify the optimal social network typology based on 8 indicators of interpersonal relationships and activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 latent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 latent 3 analyses
1 latent 4 were
1 latent 5 conducted
2 class 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
5 conducted 6 to
5 conducted 14 on
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 12 typology
8 the 12 typology
9 optimal 10 social
10 social 12 typology
11 network 12 typology
12 typology 13 based
14 on 20 and
15 8 16 indicators
16 indicators 17 of
16 indicators 20 and
17 of 19 relationships
18 interpersonal 19 relationships
20 and 21 activities

bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine how the identified social network typology was associated with self - rating of health and depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 bivariate 2 and
2 and 3 multivariate
2 and 4 analyses
2 and 17 with
2 and 18 self
4 analyses 5 were
5 were 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 to
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 9 how
8 examine 17 with
9 how 14 typology
9 how 16 associated
10 the 14 typology
11 identified 13 network
12 social 13 network
13 network 14 typology
14 typology 15 was
15 was 16 associated
19 - 25 symptoms
19 - 26 .
20 rating 21 of
20 rating 23 and
21 of 22 health
23 and 24 depressive
23 and 25 symptoms

results : results from the latent class analysis identified 6 clusters as being most optimal , and they were named diverse , unmarried/diverse , married/coresidence , family focused , unmarried/restricted , and restricted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 results
2 : 9 identified
2 : 26 ,
2 : 34 .
3 results 4 from
3 results 9 identified
4 from 8 analysis
5 the 8 analysis
6 latent 7 class
7 class 8 analysis
9 identified 11 clusters
10 6 11 clusters
11 clusters 12 as
11 clusters 14 most
11 clusters 20 named
12 as 13 being
14 most 17 and
14 most 19 were
14 most 20 named
15 optimal 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 they
17 and 19 were
20 named 25 married/coresidence
21 diverse 23 unmarried/diverse
21 diverse 24 ,
21 diverse 25 married/coresidence
22 , 23 unmarried/diverse
23 unmarried/diverse 24 ,
26 , 27 family
26 , 32 and
27 family 32 and
28 focused 29 ,
28 focused 30 unmarried/restricted
28 focused 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 restricted

memberships in the clusters of diverse and married/coresidence were significantly associated with more favorable ratings of health and lower levels of depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 memberships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 memberships 2 in
1 memberships 9 were
2 in 4 clusters
3 the 4 clusters
4 clusters 5 of
5 of 7 and
6 diverse 7 and
7 and 8 married/coresidence
9 were 11 associated
10 significantly 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 15 ratings
13 more 14 favorable
14 favorable 15 ratings
15 ratings 16 of
16 of 20 levels
17 health 18 and
18 and 19 lower
18 and 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 23 symptoms
22 depressive 23 symptoms

discussion : notably , no distinct network solely composed of friends was identified in the present sample of older immigrants ; this may reflect the disruptions in social convoys caused by immigration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 7 network
2 : 13 identified
2 : 21 ;
3 notably 4 ,
3 notably 7 network
5 no 7 network
6 distinct 7 network
7 network 10 of
7 network 12 was
8 solely 10 of
9 composed 10 of
10 of 11 friends
12 was 13 identified
13 identified 14 in
14 in 17 sample
15 the 17 sample
16 present 17 sample
17 sample 18 of
18 of 20 immigrants
19 older 20 immigrants
21 ; 22 this
21 ; 24 reflect
22 this 23 may
23 may 24 reflect
24 reflect 26 disruptions
24 reflect 27 in
25 the 26 disruptions
27 in 29 convoys
28 social 29 convoys
29 convoys 30 caused
30 caused 31 by
31 by 32 immigration

the findings of this study promote our understanding of the unique patterns of social connectedness in older immigrants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 of
2 findings 6 promote
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 promote 8 understanding
6 promote 16 in
7 our 8 understanding
8 understanding 9 of
9 of 12 patterns
10 the 12 patterns
11 unique 12 patterns
12 patterns 13 of
13 of 15 connectedness
14 social 15 connectedness
16 in 18 immigrants
17 older 18 immigrants

we hypothesize that age - related skeletal muscle dysfunction and physical disability may be partially explained by alterations in the function of the myosin molecule . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 3 that
3 that 4 age
3 that 16 explained
4 age 13 may
5 - 6 related
6 related 10 and
6 related 13 may
7 skeletal 8 muscle
8 muscle 9 dysfunction
9 dysfunction 10 and
10 and 12 disability
11 physical 12 disability
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 partially
14 be 16 explained
16 explained 17 by
17 by 18 alterations
18 alterations 19 in
18 alterations 22 of
19 in 21 function
20 the 21 function
22 of 25 molecule
23 the 25 molecule
24 myosin 25 molecule

to test this hypothesis [,] skeletal muscle function at the whole muscle , single fiber , and molecular levels was measured [in] young ( 21 - 35 yr ) and older ( 65 - 75 yr ) male and female volunteers with similar physical activity levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 8 function
2 test 20 was
3 this 8 function
4 hypothesis 7 muscle
6 skeletal 7 muscle
7 muscle 8 function
8 function 9 at
8 function 20 was
9 at 17 and
10 the 12 muscle
11 whole 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 ,
13 , 15 fiber
13 , 17 and
14 single 15 fiber
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 levels
18 molecular 19 levels
20 was 41 volunteers
21 measured 23 young
21 measured 26 -
21 measured 30 and
24 ( 26 -
25 21 26 -
26 - 28 yr
26 - 29 )
27 35 28 yr
30 and 31 older
30 and 41 volunteers
31 older 34 -
32 ( 34 -
33 65 34 -
34 - 36 yr
34 - 37 )
35 75 36 yr
38 male 39 and
39 and 40 female
39 and 41 volunteers
41 volunteers 42 with
42 with 46 levels
43 similar 45 activity
44 physical 45 activity
45 activity 46 levels

after adjusting for muscle size , older adults had similar knee extensor isometric torque values compared with young , but had lower isokinetic power , [most] notably in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 6 ,
1 after 8 adults
2 adjusting 3 for
3 for 5 size
4 muscle 5 size
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 20 but
9 had 14 torque
9 had 18 young
9 had 20 but
10 similar 11 knee
11 knee 14 torque
12 extensor 14 torque
13 isometric 14 torque
14 torque 15 values
14 torque 17 with
15 values 16 compared
16 compared 17 with
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 had
21 had 24 power
22 lower 24 power
23 isokinetic 24 power
24 power 28 in
25 , 27 notably
25 , 28 in
28 in 29 women
28 in 30 .

at the single - fiber and molecular levels , aging was associated with increased isometric tension , slowed myosin actin cross - bridge kinetics [(] longer myosin attachment times and reduced rates of myosin force production [ )(, greater myofilament lattice stiffness , [and] reduced phosphorylation of the fast myosin regulatory light chain [;] however [,] the age effect was driven primarily by women ( i.e [.] , age - by [-] sex interaction effects ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
1 at 3 single
1 at 4 -
1 at 6 and
2 the 3 single
5 fiber 6 and
6 and 8 levels
6 and 9 ,
6 and 10 aging
6 and 11 was
6 and 12 associated
7 molecular 8 levels
10 aging 11 was
12 associated 13 with
13 with 16 tension
13 with 23 bridge
14 increased 16 tension
15 isometric 16 tension
16 tension 21 cross
17 , 21 cross
18 slowed 21 cross
19 myosin 20 actin
20 actin 21 cross
21 cross 22 -
23 bridge 30 and
24 kinetics 26 longer
24 kinetics 27 myosin
24 kinetics 29 times
24 kinetics 30 and
28 attachment 29 times
30 and 31 reduced
30 and 32 rates
32 rates 33 of
33 of 35 force
34 myosin 35 force
35 force 36 production
35 force 45 reduced
36 production 42 stiffness
36 production 45 reduced
38 )(, 42 stiffness
39 greater 42 stiffness
40 myofilament 42 stiffness
41 lattice 42 stiffness
42 stiffness 43 ,
45 reduced 46 phosphorylation
45 reduced 55 however
46 phosphorylation 47 of
47 of 53 chain
48 the 53 chain
49 fast 52 light
50 myosin 52 light
51 regulatory 52 light
52 light 53 chain
55 however 59 effect
55 however 61 driven
57 the 59 effect
58 age 59 effect
59 effect 60 was
60 was 61 driven
61 driven 62 primarily
62 primarily 63 by
63 by 64 women
64 women 69 age
65 ( 69 age
66 i.e 68 ,
66 i.e 69 age
69 age 71 by
69 age 77 .
70 - 71 by
71 by 73 sex
71 by 76 )
73 sex 74 interaction
73 sex 75 effects
74 interaction 75 effects

in myosin heavy chain iia fibers , single - fiber isometric tension and molecular level mechanical and kinetic indexes were correlated with whole muscle isokinetic power output . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 6 fibers
2 myosin 6 fibers
3 heavy 6 fibers
4 chain 6 fibers
5 iia 6 fibers
6 fibers 7 ,
7 , 12 tension
7 , 13 and
8 single 9 -
8 single 10 fiber
10 fiber 12 tension
11 isometric 12 tension
13 and 15 level
13 and 19 indexes
13 and 20 were
13 and 21 correlated
14 molecular 15 level
16 mechanical 17 and
17 and 18 kinetic
17 and 19 indexes
19 indexes 20 were
21 correlated 22 with
22 with 27 output
23 whole 24 muscle
24 muscle 26 power
25 isokinetic 26 power
26 power 27 output

collectively , considering that contractile dysfunction scales up through various anatomical levels , our results suggest a potential sex - specific molecular mechanism , reduced cross - bridge kinetics , contributes to the reduced physical capacity with aging in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 15 results
3 considering 4 that
3 considering 13 ,
3 considering 15 results
4 that 6 dysfunction
4 that 7 scales
5 contractile 6 dysfunction
6 dysfunction 7 scales
7 scales 8 up
7 scales 9 through
9 through 12 levels
10 various 12 levels
11 anatomical 12 levels
14 our 15 results
15 results 16 suggest
16 suggest 19 sex
17 a 18 potential
17 a 19 sex
18 potential 19 sex
20 - 23 mechanism
20 - 24 ,
20 - 27 -
21 specific 23 mechanism
22 molecular 23 mechanism
24 , 26 cross
25 reduced 26 cross
27 - 30 ,
28 bridge 29 kinetics
28 bridge 30 ,
30 , 31 contributes
31 contributes 32 to
31 contributes 37 with
31 contributes 39 in
32 to 36 capacity
33 the 36 capacity
34 reduced 36 capacity
35 physical 36 capacity
37 with 38 aging
39 in 40 women

thus these results support our hypothesis that age [-] related alterations in the myosin molecule contribute to skeletal muscle dysfunction and physical disability and indicate that this effect is stronger in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 thus 3 results
2 these 3 results
3 results 4 support
4 support 6 hypothesis
5 our 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 that
7 that 11 alterations
7 that 24 and
8 age 10 related
10 related 11 alterations
11 alterations 12 in
11 alterations 24 and
12 in 15 molecule
13 the 15 molecule
14 myosin 15 molecule
16 contribute 17 to
16 contribute 24 and
17 to 21 and
18 skeletal 19 muscle
19 muscle 20 dysfunction
20 dysfunction 21 and
21 and 23 disability
22 physical 23 disability
24 and 25 indicate
24 and 31 in
25 indicate 26 that
26 that 28 effect
26 that 29 is
27 this 28 effect
28 effect 29 is
29 is 30 stronger
31 in 32 women

background and purpose : some studies have reported associations between intracranial atherosclerosis and alzheimer disease pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
4 : 6 studies
4 : 8 reported
5 some 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 reported
8 reported 9 associations
8 reported 10 between
10 between 13 and
11 intracranial 12 atherosclerosis
12 atherosclerosis 13 and
13 and 16 pathology
14 alzheimer 16 pathology
15 disease 16 pathology

we aimed to correlate severity of cerebral atherosclerosis , arteriolosclerosis , and cerebral amyloid angiopathy with neurofibrillary tangles , neuritic plaques , and cerebral infarcts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 correlate
3 to 4 correlate
4 correlate 5 severity
5 severity 6 of
6 of 8 atherosclerosis
7 cerebral 8 atherosclerosis
8 atherosclerosis 10 arteriolosclerosis
9 , 10 arteriolosclerosis
10 arteriolosclerosis 11 ,
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 amyloid
12 and 25 infarcts
13 cerebral 14 amyloid
14 amyloid 23 and
14 amyloid 25 infarcts
15 angiopathy 16 with
15 angiopathy 23 and
16 with 18 tangles
17 neurofibrillary 18 tangles
18 tangles 21 plaques
19 , 21 plaques
20 neuritic 21 plaques
21 plaques 22 ,
23 and 24 cerebral

methods : this autopsy study ( n=163 ) was drawn from a longitudinal study of subcortical ischemic vascular disease , alzheimer disease , and normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 10 drawn
3 this 5 study
4 autopsy 5 study
5 study 7 n=163
5 study 9 was
6 ( 7 n=163
7 n=163 8 )
9 was 10 drawn
10 drawn 11 from
11 from 24 and
12 a 13 longitudinal
12 a 14 study
13 longitudinal 14 study
14 study 15 of
14 study 20 ,
15 of 19 disease
16 subcortical 19 disease
17 ischemic 19 disease
18 vascular 19 disease
20 , 22 disease
20 , 24 and
21 alzheimer 22 disease
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 normal
24 and 26 aging

multivariable logistic regression models were used to test associations among the 3 forms of cerebrovascular disease and the presence of ischemic and neurodegenerative brain lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 multivariable 2 logistic
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 test
7 to 8 test
8 test 9 associations
8 test 10 among
10 among 13 forms
11 the 12 3
12 3 13 forms
13 forms 14 of
13 forms 20 of
14 of 17 and
15 cerebrovascular 16 disease
16 disease 17 and
17 and 19 presence
18 the 19 presence
20 of 25 lesions
21 ischemic 22 and
22 and 23 neurodegenerative
22 and 25 lesions
24 brain 25 lesions

apolipoprotein e [genotype] was included as a covariate in these multivariable models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 apolipoprotein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 apolipoprotein 2 e
1 apolipoprotein 4 was
4 was 5 included
5 included 6 as
5 included 9 in
6 as 8 covariate
7 a 8 covariate
9 in 12 models
10 these 12 models
11 multivariable 12 models

results : cerebral atherosclerosis [was] positively associated with microinfarcts ( odds [ratio] [ or ] , 2.3 [;] 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] , 1.2 - 4.4 ) and cystic [infarcts] ( or , 2.0 ; 95 % ci , 1.0 - 4.2 [ )(but not alzheimer disease pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 31 and
2 : 38 ;
2 : 52 .
3 cerebral 4 atherosclerosis
4 atherosclerosis 7 associated
4 atherosclerosis 31 and
6 positively 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 28 -
8 with 9 microinfarcts
9 microinfarcts 11 odds
9 microinfarcts 21 confidence
10 ( 11 odds
11 odds 14 or
11 odds 16 ,
13 [ 14 or
14 or 15 ]
16 , 21 confidence
17 2.3 21 confidence
19 95 20 %
20 % 21 confidence
21 confidence 24 ci
21 confidence 25 ]
23 [ 24 ci
24 ci 25 ]
26 , 28 -
27 1.2 28 -
28 - 29 4.4
28 - 30 )
31 and 32 cystic
31 and 35 or
34 ( 35 or
35 or 37 2.0
35 or 38 ;
36 , 37 2.0
37 2.0 38 ;
38 ; 41 ci
38 ; 42 ,
39 95 41 ci
40 % 41 ci
42 , 43 1.0
42 , 44 -
44 - 45 4.2
45 4.2 47 )(but
47 )(but 48 not
47 )(but 51 pathology
49 alzheimer 50 disease
50 disease 51 pathology

arteriolosclerosis showed a positive correlation with lacunar [infarcts] [(] or , 2.0 [;] 95 % ci , 1.0 - 4.2 ) but not alzheimer disease pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 arteriolosclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 arteriolosclerosis 2 showed
2 showed 22 but
3 a 4 positive
3 a 5 correlation
4 positive 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 with
5 correlation 22 but
6 with 10 or
7 lacunar 10 or
10 or 16 ci
10 or 19 -
11 , 16 ci
12 2.0 16 ci
14 95 16 ci
15 % 16 ci
16 ci 17 ,
17 , 19 -
18 1.0 19 -
19 - 20 4.2
19 - 21 )
22 but 23 not
22 but 26 pathology
24 alzheimer 26 pathology
25 disease 26 pathology

conclusions : microinfarcts , which have been correlated with severity of cognitive impairment , were most strongly associated with atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 microinfarcts
2 : 15 were
3 microinfarcts 5 which
3 microinfarcts 15 were
4 , 5 which
5 which 6 have
5 which 14 ,
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
9 with 10 severity
10 severity 11 of
11 of 13 impairment
12 cognitive 13 impairment
15 were 16 most
16 most 18 associated
17 strongly 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 20 atherosclerosis

possible pathogenetic mechanisms include artery - to [-] artery emboli , especially microemboli that may include atheroemboli or platelet - fibrin emboli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 artery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 possible 3 mechanisms
2 pathogenetic 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 5 artery
4 include 5 artery
6 - 13 microemboli
6 - 16 include
6 - 23 .
7 to 10 emboli
7 to 11 ,
7 to 13 microemboli
9 artery 10 emboli
12 especially 13 microemboli
13 microemboli 14 that
13 microemboli 15 may
13 microemboli 16 include
14 that 15 may
16 include 18 or
17 atheroemboli 18 or
18 or 22 emboli
19 platelet 20 -
19 platelet 21 fibrin
21 fibrin 22 emboli

arteriolosclerosis was positively , whereas cerebral amyloid angiopathy was negatively correlated with [lacunar] infarcts , which might prove helpful in clinical differentiation of arteriolosclerotic [from] cerebral amyloid angiopathy - related vascular brain injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 arteriolosclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 arteriolosclerosis 2 was
2 was 3 positively
2 was 5 whereas
4 , 5 whereas
5 whereas 7 amyloid
5 whereas 14 infarcts
5 whereas 15 ,
6 cerebral 7 amyloid
7 amyloid 8 angiopathy
7 amyloid 12 with
7 amyloid 14 infarcts
8 angiopathy 9 was
9 was 10 negatively
9 was 11 correlated
11 correlated 12 with
15 , 16 which
15 , 18 prove
15 , 29 -
16 which 17 might
17 might 18 prove
18 prove 19 helpful
19 helpful 20 in
20 in 22 differentiation
21 clinical 22 differentiation
22 differentiation 23 of
23 of 28 angiopathy
24 arteriolosclerotic 27 amyloid
26 cerebral 27 amyloid
27 amyloid 28 angiopathy
29 - 33 injury
29 - 34 .
30 related 32 brain
31 vascular 32 brain
32 brain 33 injury

implicit or automatic detection of social signals , which discriminate animate , intentional objects in the environment , is essential for higher social cognition and its development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 detection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 implicit 2 or
2 or 3 automatic
2 or 4 detection
4 detection 5 of
4 detection 19 is
5 of 7 signals
6 social 7 signals
7 signals 9 which
8 , 9 which
9 which 10 discriminate
9 which 18 ,
10 discriminate 14 objects
10 discriminate 15 in
11 animate 12 ,
11 animate 14 objects
13 intentional 14 objects
15 in 17 environment
16 the 17 environment
19 is 20 essential
20 essential 21 for
21 for 25 and
22 higher 24 cognition
23 social 24 cognition
24 cognition 25 and
25 and 27 development
26 its 27 development

using functional magnetic resonance imaging , we identified the neural substrate of detecting simple visual social signals and examined its functional link with the mechanism of inferring another 's mental state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 using 5 imaging
1 using 6 ,
1 using 7 we
2 functional 4 resonance
3 magnetic 4 resonance
4 resonance 5 imaging
7 we 18 and
8 identified 11 substrate
8 identified 18 and
9 the 11 substrate
10 neural 11 substrate
11 substrate 12 of
12 of 13 detecting
13 detecting 17 signals
14 simple 17 signals
15 visual 17 signals
16 social 17 signals
18 and 19 examined
19 examined 22 link
19 examined 23 with
20 its 22 link
21 functional 22 link
23 with 25 mechanism
24 the 25 mechanism
25 mechanism 26 of
26 of 27 inferring
27 inferring 31 state
28 another 29 's
29 's 31 state
30 mental 31 state

healthy participants were presented with the eye [-] gaze shift ( eg [ )(and self - propelling motion ( sp ) under both implicit and explicit task conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 healthy 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 presented
4 presented 5 with
4 presented 17 propelling
4 presented 22 under
5 with 10 shift
6 the 10 shift
7 eye 10 shift
9 gaze 10 shift
10 shift 14 )(and
11 ( 14 )(and
12 eg 14 )(and
14 )(and 15 self
14 )(and 16 -
16 - 17 propelling
17 propelling 18 motion
17 propelling 21 )
18 motion 20 sp
19 ( 20 sp
20 sp 21 )
22 under 28 conditions
23 both 28 conditions
24 implicit 25 and
25 and 26 explicit
25 and 28 conditions
27 task 28 conditions

they also performed a social role - playing game in which mental inference ( mi ) was implicitly prompted during the presentation of faces ( implicit mi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
1 they 3 performed
2 also 3 performed
3 performed 6 role
3 performed 8 playing
4 a 5 social
4 a 6 role
5 social 6 role
7 - 8 playing
8 playing 9 game
8 playing 29 .
9 game 10 in
10 in 11 which
10 in 13 inference
10 in 19 prompted
12 mental 13 inference
13 inference 15 mi
13 inference 17 was
14 ( 15 mi
15 mi 16 )
17 was 18 implicitly
17 was 19 prompted
19 prompted 20 during
20 during 22 presentation
21 the 22 presentation
22 presentation 23 of
23 of 24 faces
24 faces 27 mi
25 ( 27 mi
26 implicit 27 mi
27 mi 28 )

implicit detection of eg and sp activated the posterior middle temporal gyrus ( pmtg ) bilaterally , whereas the right posterior superior temporal sulcus was activated during the explicit conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 activated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 implicit 2 detection
2 detection 3 of
2 detection 7 activated
3 of 5 and
4 eg 5 and
5 and 6 sp
7 activated 12 gyrus
7 activated 16 bilaterally
7 activated 18 whereas
8 the 12 gyrus
9 posterior 10 middle
10 middle 12 gyrus
11 temporal 12 gyrus
12 gyrus 14 pmtg
13 ( 14 pmtg
14 pmtg 15 )
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 24 sulcus
19 the 24 sulcus
20 right 24 sulcus
21 posterior 24 sulcus
22 superior 24 sulcus
23 temporal 24 sulcus
24 sulcus 25 was
25 was 26 activated
26 activated 27 during
27 during 30 conditions
28 the 30 conditions
29 explicit 30 conditions

our results suggest that the implicit detection of visual social signals involves the pmtg and underlies the development of higher social cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 15 and
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 15 and
4 that 7 detection
4 that 12 involves
5 the 7 detection
6 implicit 7 detection
7 detection 8 of
7 detection 12 involves
8 of 11 signals
9 visual 11 signals
10 social 11 signals
12 involves 14 pmtg
13 the 14 pmtg
15 and 16 underlies
15 and 18 development
17 the 18 development
18 development 19 of
19 of 22 cognition
20 higher 22 cognition
21 social 22 cognition

there is a broad scientific consensus that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , a fatal neuromuscular disease , is caused by gene [--] environment interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 6 consensus
2 is 22 by
3 a 4 broad
3 a 6 consensus
4 broad 6 consensus
5 scientific 6 consensus
6 consensus 7 that
6 consensus 21 caused
7 that 10 sclerosis
7 that 21 caused
8 amyotrophic 10 sclerosis
9 lateral 10 sclerosis
10 sclerosis 12 als
10 sclerosis 18 disease
10 sclerosis 20 is
11 ( 12 als
12 als 13 )
14 , 18 disease
15 a 18 disease
16 fatal 18 disease
17 neuromuscular 18 disease
18 disease 19 ,
20 is 21 caused
22 by 26 interactions
23 gene 26 interactions
25 environment 26 interactions

in fact [,] given that only about 10 % of all als diagnosis has a genetic basis , gene - environmental interaction may [give] account for the remaining percentage of cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
1 in 2 fact
1 in 9 %
2 fact 4 given
4 given 5 that
4 given 6 only
7 about 8 10
8 10 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 14 has
10 of 13 diagnosis
11 all 13 diagnosis
12 als 13 diagnosis
14 has 17 basis
15 a 16 genetic
15 a 17 basis
16 genetic 17 basis
18 , 19 gene
18 , 20 -
20 - 22 interaction
20 - 25 account
20 - 32 .
21 environmental 22 interaction
22 interaction 23 may
23 may 25 account
25 account 26 for
26 for 29 percentage
27 the 28 remaining
27 the 29 percentage
29 percentage 30 of
30 of 31 cases

however , relatively little attention has been paid to environmental and lifestyle factors that may trigger the cascade of motor neuron degeneration leading to als , although exposure to chemicals -- including [lead] and pesticides - agricultural environments , smoking , intense physical activity , trauma and electromagnetic fields have been associated with an increased risk of als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 paid
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 little
3 relatively 4 little
4 little 5 attention
4 little 7 been
4 little 8 paid
5 attention 6 has
6 has 7 been
8 paid 9 to
8 paid 18 cascade
9 to 11 and
10 environmental 11 and
11 and 12 lifestyle
11 and 13 factors
11 and 16 trigger
13 factors 14 that
13 factors 15 may
13 factors 16 trigger
14 that 15 may
17 the 18 cascade
18 cascade 19 of
19 of 22 degeneration
20 motor 22 degeneration
21 neuron 22 degeneration
22 degeneration 23 leading
23 leading 24 to
23 leading 27 although
24 to 25 als
26 , 27 although
27 although 47 and
27 although 52 associated
27 although 59 .
28 exposure 29 to
28 exposure 40 smoking
28 exposure 41 ,
29 to 30 chemicals
30 chemicals 38 environments
31 -- 38 environments
32 including 34 and
34 and 35 pesticides
34 and 36 -
34 and 38 environments
37 agricultural 38 environments
38 environments 39 ,
41 , 44 activity
41 , 45 ,
42 intense 44 activity
43 physical 44 activity
45 , 46 trauma
45 , 47 and
47 and 49 fields
47 and 50 have
48 electromagnetic 49 fields
50 have 51 been
51 been 52 associated
52 associated 53 with
53 with 56 risk
54 an 56 risk
55 increased 56 risk
56 risk 57 of
57 of 58 als

this review provides an overview of our current knowledge of potential toxic etiologies of als with emphasis on the role of cyanobacteria , heavy metals and pesticides as potential risk factors for developing als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 provides
3 provides 26 and
4 an 5 overview
5 overview 6 of
5 overview 10 of
5 overview 14 of
5 overview 23 ,
6 of 9 knowledge
7 our 9 knowledge
8 current 9 knowledge
10 of 13 etiologies
11 potential 13 etiologies
12 toxic 13 etiologies
14 of 15 als
15 als 16 with
15 als 21 of
16 with 17 emphasis
17 emphasis 18 on
18 on 20 role
19 the 20 role
21 of 22 cyanobacteria
23 , 25 metals
23 , 26 and
24 heavy 25 metals
26 and 27 pesticides
26 and 28 as
26 and 32 for
28 as 31 factors
29 potential 31 factors
30 risk 31 factors
32 for 33 developing
33 developing 34 als

we will summarize the most recent evidence from epidemiological studies and experimental findings from animal [and] cellular models , revealing that potential causal links between environmental toxicants and als pathogenesis have not been fully ascertained , thus justifying the need for further research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 summarize
3 summarize 7 evidence
3 summarize 8 from
3 summarize 41 for
4 the 5 most
5 most 7 evidence
6 recent 7 evidence
8 from 11 and
9 epidemiological 10 studies
10 studies 11 and
11 and 13 findings
11 and 19 ,
11 and 20 revealing
12 experimental 13 findings
13 findings 14 from
14 from 18 models
15 animal 18 models
17 cellular 18 models
20 revealing 24 links
21 that 22 potential
22 potential 24 links
23 causal 24 links
24 links 25 between
24 links 38 justifying
25 between 28 and
26 environmental 27 toxicants
27 toxicants 28 and
28 and 29 als
28 and 30 pathogenesis
28 and 33 been
28 and 35 ascertained
30 pathogenesis 31 have
31 have 32 not
31 have 33 been
34 fully 35 ascertained
35 ascertained 36 ,
37 thus 38 justifying
38 justifying 40 need
39 the 40 need
41 for 43 research
42 further 43 research

objective : serum levels of fibroblast growth factor - 21 ( fgf21 ) , a metabolic hormone , have been shown to be elevated in subjects with adverse lipid profiles , obesity , metabolic syndrome , impaired glucose tolerance , type 2 diabetes mellitus , and hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 4 levels
2 : 8 factor
2 : 18 ,
3 serum 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 8 factor
5 of 7 growth
6 fibroblast 7 growth
8 factor 10 21
9 - 10 21
10 21 12 fgf21
10 21 17 hormone
11 ( 12 fgf21
12 fgf21 13 )
14 , 17 hormone
15 a 17 hormone
16 metabolic 17 hormone
17 hormone 18 ,
18 , 19 have
18 , 33 ,
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 shown
21 shown 22 to
21 shown 27 with
22 to 23 be
23 be 24 elevated
24 elevated 25 in
25 in 26 subjects
27 with 30 profiles
28 adverse 29 lipid
29 lipid 30 profiles
30 profiles 32 obesity
31 , 32 obesity
32 obesity 33 ,
33 , 35 syndrome
33 , 36 ,
34 metabolic 35 syndrome
36 , 40 ,
37 impaired 39 tolerance
37 impaired 40 ,
38 glucose 39 tolerance
40 , 41 type
41 type 46 and
42 2 46 and
43 diabetes 44 mellitus
44 mellitus 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 hypertension

recently , elevated serum fgf21 levels have also been reported in subjects with coronary heart disease or carotid artery plaques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 6 levels
3 elevated 4 serum
4 serum 6 levels
5 fgf21 6 levels
6 levels 7 have
7 have 9 been
8 also 9 been
9 been 10 reported
10 reported 11 in
11 in 17 or
12 subjects 13 with
12 subjects 17 or
13 with 16 disease
14 coronary 16 disease
15 heart 16 disease
17 or 20 plaques
18 carotid 19 artery
19 artery 20 plaques

however , [whether] serum fgf21 is independently associated with atherosclerotic diseases remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 serum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 serum
4 serum 5 fgf21
4 serum 6 is
4 serum 8 associated
4 serum 12 remains
5 fgf21 6 is
6 is 7 independently
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 diseases
10 atherosclerotic 11 diseases
12 remains 13 unclear

in this study , we examined the relationship between serum fgf21 levels and carotid intima - media thickness ( imt ) in a large cohort of southern chinese subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 8 relationship
7 the 8 relationship
8 relationship 9 between
8 relationship 22 in
9 between 13 and
10 serum 12 levels
11 fgf21 12 levels
12 levels 13 and
13 and 15 intima
13 and 18 thickness
14 carotid 15 intima
16 - 18 thickness
17 media 18 thickness
18 thickness 20 imt
18 thickness 21 )
19 ( 20 imt
20 imt 21 )
22 in 25 cohort
23 a 24 large
23 a 25 cohort
24 large 25 cohort
25 cohort 26 of
25 cohort 28 chinese
25 cohort 29 subjects
26 of 27 southern
28 chinese 29 subjects

approach and results : the cohort consisted of 670 subjects who underwent carotid imt measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 approach 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 6 cohort
4 : 7 consisted
4 : 16 .
5 the 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 consisted
7 consisted 8 of
8 of 10 subjects
9 670 10 subjects
10 subjects 11 who
10 subjects 12 underwent
11 who 12 underwent
12 underwent 15 measurement
13 carotid 15 measurement
14 imt 15 measurement

serum fgf21 levels were measured with an elisa kit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 serum 3 levels
2 fgf21 3 levels
3 levels 4 were
4 were 5 measured
5 measured 6 with
6 with 9 kit
7 an 9 kit
8 elisa 9 kit

serum fgf21 levels positively correlated with carotid imt in women ( r=0.32 [;] p<0.001 ) , but not in men ( r=0.06 ; p=0.305 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 serum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 )(
1 serum 2 fgf21
1 serum 3 levels
1 serum 5 correlated
2 fgf21 3 levels
3 levels 4 positively
5 correlated 6 with
6 with 7 carotid
6 with 8 imt
8 imt 17 but
9 in 10 women
9 in 17 but
10 women 14 p<0.001
11 ( 14 p<0.001
12 r=0.32 14 p<0.001
14 p<0.001 15 )
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 not
17 but 19 in
19 in 20 men
20 men 22 r=0.06
21 ( 22 r=0.06
22 r=0.06 23 ;
23 ; 24 p=0.305

on multiple linear regression analysis , elevated serum fgf21 level in women was an independent risk factor for increased carotid imt ( p=0.039 [ )(, together with age ( p<0.001 [ )(and hypertension ( p=0.011 ) , in a model comprising also waist circumference , smoking history , serum creatinine , high [sensitive] c - reactive protein , dysglycemia , and dyslipidemia ( adjusted [r] ( 2 )=35.8 % [;] p<0.001 ) . 
1 on 5 analysis
1 on 8 serum
2 multiple 5 analysis
3 linear 5 analysis
4 regression 5 analysis
5 analysis 7 elevated
6 , 7 elevated
8 serum 10 level
8 serum 18 for
8 serum 19 increased
9 fgf21 10 level
10 level 11 in
10 level 13 was
11 in 12 women
13 was 17 factor
13 was 18 for
14 an 17 factor
15 independent 17 factor
16 risk 17 factor
19 increased 21 imt
19 increased 26 together
19 increased 27 with
20 carotid 21 imt
21 imt 23 p=0.039
22 ( 23 p=0.039
23 p=0.039 25 )(,
27 with 28 age
27 with 38 in
28 age 32 )(and
29 ( 32 )(and
30 p<0.001 32 )(and
32 )(and 33 hypertension
32 )(and 35 p=0.011
32 )(and 37 ,
34 ( 35 p=0.011
35 p=0.011 36 )
38 in 40 model
39 a 40 model
40 model 41 comprising
41 comprising 42 also
41 comprising 44 circumference
43 waist 44 circumference
44 circumference 46 smoking
45 , 46 smoking
46 smoking 47 history
47 history 50 creatinine
47 history 55 -
48 , 50 creatinine
49 serum 50 creatinine
50 creatinine 51 ,
51 , 55 -
52 high 54 c
52 high 55 -
55 - 57 protein
56 reactive 57 protein
57 protein 61 and
58 , 61 and
59 dysglycemia 61 and
60 , 61 and
61 and 62 dyslipidemia
61 and 64 adjusted
61 and 71 p<0.001
61 and 73 .
63 ( 64 adjusted
66 ( 71 p<0.001
67 2 71 p<0.001
68 )=35.8 71 p<0.001
69 % 71 p<0.001
71 p<0.001 72 )

elevated serum fgf21 levels were also a significant independent risk factor of carotid imt on multiple stepwise regression analysis ( p=0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 elevated 2 serum
2 serum 4 levels
3 fgf21 4 levels
4 levels 5 were
5 were 6 also
5 were 11 factor
7 a 8 significant
7 a 11 factor
8 significant 9 independent
9 independent 11 factor
10 risk 11 factor
11 factor 12 of
11 factor 21 p=0.01
12 of 14 imt
13 carotid 14 imt
14 imt 15 on
15 on 19 analysis
16 multiple 18 regression
17 stepwise 18 regression
18 regression 19 analysis
20 ( 21 p=0.01
21 p=0.01 22 )

conclusions : the present study is the first demonstration that elevated serum fgf21 levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in humans , independent of established risk factors including adverse lipid profiles and c - reactive protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 is
2 : 32 and
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 is
6 is 12 serum
7 the 12 serum
8 first 9 demonstration
9 demonstration 12 serum
10 that 11 elevated
11 elevated 12 serum
12 serum 14 levels
12 serum 15 are
12 serum 16 associated
12 serum 24 of
13 fgf21 14 levels
14 levels 15 are
16 associated 17 with
16 associated 22 ,
16 associated 23 independent
17 with 19 atherosclerosis
17 with 20 in
18 carotid 19 atherosclerosis
20 in 21 humans
24 of 27 factors
25 established 27 factors
26 risk 27 factors
27 factors 28 including
28 including 31 profiles
29 adverse 30 lipid
30 lipid 31 profiles
32 and 33 c
32 and 34 -
33 c 34 -
34 - 36 protein
35 reactive 36 protein

the role of fgf21 as a biomarker or therapeutic target of atherosclerotic diseases warrants further investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 warrants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 14 warrants
3 of 4 fgf21
4 fgf21 5 as
5 as 8 or
6 a 7 biomarker
7 biomarker 8 or
8 or 10 target
8 or 11 of
9 therapeutic 10 target
11 of 13 diseases
12 atherosclerotic 13 diseases
14 warrants 16 investigation
15 further 16 investigation

background/purpose : modern men have changed their beauty and grooming habits , which has resulted in an increasing demand for cosmetics for men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 men
2 : 6 changed
2 : 24 .
3 modern 4 men
4 men 5 have
5 have 6 changed
6 changed 9 and
6 changed 16 in
6 changed 20 for
7 their 9 and
8 beauty 9 and
9 and 11 habits
9 and 12 ,
9 and 13 which
9 and 14 has
10 grooming 11 habits
13 which 14 has
14 has 15 resulted
16 in 19 demand
17 an 19 demand
18 increasing 19 demand
20 for 21 cosmetics
21 cosmetics 22 for
22 for 23 men

however , very little information is available about the dermatological needs of male skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 information
3 very 4 little
4 little 5 information
5 information 6 is
6 is 7 available
7 available 8 about
8 about 11 needs
9 the 11 needs
10 dermatological 11 needs
11 needs 12 of
12 of 14 skin
13 male 14 skin

therefore , the aim of this present clinical study was to conduct the first systematic assessment of the skin physiology of men with special attention to lifetime changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 10 was
5 of 9 study
6 this 9 study
7 present 9 study
8 clinical 9 study
10 was 11 to
10 was 12 conduct
11 to 12 conduct
12 conduct 16 assessment
12 conduct 23 with
12 conduct 26 to
13 the 14 first
13 the 16 assessment
15 systematic 16 assessment
16 assessment 17 of
17 of 20 physiology
18 the 20 physiology
19 skin 20 physiology
20 physiology 21 of
21 of 22 men
23 with 25 attention
24 special 25 attention
26 to 28 changes
27 lifetime 28 changes

methods : a total of 150 healthy male subjects ( aged 20 - 70 years ) were selected following strict criteria , including age , sun behavior and smoking habits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 28 and
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 22 ,
5 of 6 150
6 150 9 subjects
6 150 17 were
6 150 18 selected
6 150 19 following
7 healthy 9 subjects
8 male 9 subjects
9 subjects 11 aged
9 subjects 15 years
9 subjects 17 were
10 ( 11 aged
11 aged 12 20
11 aged 13 -
13 - 15 years
14 70 15 years
15 years 16 )
19 following 21 criteria
20 strict 21 criteria
22 , 24 age
22 , 25 ,
23 including 24 age
25 , 27 behavior
25 , 28 and
26 sun 27 behavior
28 and 30 habits
29 smoking 30 habits

transepidermal water loss ( tewl ) , hydration level , sebum production and ph values were measured with worldwide - acknowledged biophysical measuring methods at the forehead , cheek , neck , volar forearm and dorsum [of] hand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 water
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 transepidermal 2 water
2 water 3 loss
3 loss 5 tewl
3 loss 9 level
4 ( 5 tewl
5 tewl 6 )
7 , 9 level
8 hydration 9 level
9 level 10 ,
10 , 13 and
10 , 17 measured
11 sebum 12 production
12 production 13 and
13 and 15 values
13 and 16 were
14 ph 15 values
16 were 17 measured
17 measured 18 with
18 with 24 methods
19 worldwide 20 -
19 worldwide 24 methods
21 acknowledged 24 methods
22 biophysical 24 methods
23 measuring 24 methods
24 methods 25 at
25 at 35 and
26 the 27 forehead
27 forehead 28 ,
28 , 29 cheek
28 , 30 ,
30 , 31 neck
30 , 32 ,
32 , 34 forearm
32 , 35 and
33 volar 34 forearm
35 and 38 hand
36 dorsum 38 hand

results : tewl and sebum production vary by localization , but [generally] not with increasing age , whereas stratum corneum ( sc ) [hydration] decreases significantly at the face and neck . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 7 vary
3 tewl 4 and
4 and 6 production
4 and 7 vary
5 sebum 6 production
7 vary 11 but
8 by 9 localization
8 by 11 but
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 not
11 but 14 with
14 with 15 increasing
15 increasing 16 age
15 increasing 18 whereas
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 20 corneum
19 stratum 20 corneum
20 corneum 22 sc
20 corneum 25 decreases
21 ( 22 sc
22 sc 23 )
25 decreases 26 significantly
25 decreases 27 at
27 at 30 and
28 the 29 face
29 face 30 and
30 and 31 neck

the greatest decrease was assessed at the forehead . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 greatest
1 the 3 decrease
3 decrease 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 at
6 at 8 forehead
7 the 8 forehead

skin surface ph significantly increases with aging in the face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ph
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 skin 3 ph
2 surface 3 ph
3 ph 5 increases
4 significantly 5 increases
5 increases 6 with
6 with 7 aging
7 aging 8 in
8 in 10 face
9 the 10 face

conclusion : the present study assigns for the first time systematic reference values for standardized biophysical measuring methods and localizations reflecting the skin physiology of men in relation to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 present
3 the 4 present
4 present 5 study
4 present 6 assigns
5 study 6 assigns
6 assigns 7 for
7 for 13 values
8 the 9 first
8 the 13 values
10 time 13 values
11 systematic 12 reference
12 reference 13 values
13 values 14 for
13 values 21 reflecting
13 values 27 in
14 for 19 and
15 standardized 18 methods
16 biophysical 18 methods
17 measuring 18 methods
18 methods 19 and
19 and 20 localizations
21 reflecting 24 physiology
22 the 24 physiology
23 skin 24 physiology
24 physiology 25 of
25 of 26 men
27 in 28 relation
28 relation 29 to
29 to 30 age

the results show that the physiology of male skin partly changes with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 physiology
4 that 11 changes
5 the 6 physiology
6 physiology 7 of
6 physiology 11 changes
7 of 9 skin
8 male 9 skin
10 partly 11 changes
11 changes 12 with
12 with 13 aging

while sc hydration and skin surface ph are affected by the subject 's age , tewl and sebum production show only minor variations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 while 2 sc
1 while 4 and
3 hydration 4 and
4 and 7 ph
4 and 8 are
5 skin 7 ph
6 surface 7 ph
8 are 9 affected
9 affected 10 by
10 by 14 age
11 the 12 subject
12 subject 13 's
13 's 14 age
15 , 17 and
15 , 20 show
16 tewl 17 and
17 and 19 production
17 and 20 show
18 sebum 19 production
20 show 23 variations
21 only 22 minor
22 minor 23 variations

wernicke 's encephalopathy and korsakoff ['s] psychosis are severe unfavorable forms of alcoholic brain damage with poor prognosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 prognosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 wernicke 2 's
2 's 3 encephalopathy
3 encephalopathy 4 and
4 and 5 korsakoff
4 and 7 psychosis
4 and 16 with
4 and 18 prognosis
7 psychosis 8 are
8 are 11 forms
8 are 16 with
9 severe 11 forms
10 unfavorable 11 forms
11 forms 12 of
12 of 15 damage
13 alcoholic 15 damage
14 brain 15 damage
17 poor 18 prognosis

thiamine deficiency represents a common cause of both diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 thiamine 2 deficiency
2 deficiency 3 represents
3 represents 6 cause
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 cause
5 common 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
7 of 9 diseases
8 both 9 diseases

in many cases , korsakoff 's [psychosis] develops in the outcome of wernicke 's encephalopathy , which , along with the general etiology , lets talk about a single disease - wernicke - korsakoff syndrome [,] acute [(] usually reversible ) stage of which is wernicke 's encephalopathy and a chronic one ( often irreversible ) [is] korsakoff psychosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 develops
1 in 3 cases
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 's
2 many 3 cases
5 korsakoff 6 's
6 's 8 develops
8 develops 9 in
9 in 11 outcome
10 the 11 outcome
11 outcome 12 of
12 of 15 encephalopathy
13 wernicke 14 's
14 's 15 encephalopathy
15 encephalopathy 17 which
16 , 17 which
17 which 20 with
17 which 25 lets
18 , 20 with
19 along 20 with
20 with 23 etiology
20 with 24 ,
21 the 23 etiology
22 general 23 etiology
25 lets 26 talk
26 talk 27 about
26 talk 33 -
27 about 30 disease
28 a 30 disease
29 single 30 disease
31 - 33 -
32 wernicke 33 -
33 - 42 stage
34 korsakoff 42 stage
35 syndrome 42 stage
37 acute 42 stage
39 usually 40 reversible
40 reversible 41 )
40 reversible 42 stage
42 stage 43 of
43 of 44 which
44 which 45 is
45 is 49 and
46 wernicke 47 's
47 's 49 and
48 encephalopathy 49 and
49 and 52 one
49 and 59 psychosis
50 a 51 chronic
50 a 52 one
51 chronic 52 one
53 ( 59 psychosis
54 often 55 irreversible
55 irreversible 56 )
55 irreversible 59 psychosis
58 korsakoff 59 psychosis
59 psychosis 60 .

the dramatic paradox of wernicke 's encephalopathy is that in most cases it is difficult to detect , but early diagnosed cases are quite easy to cure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 paradox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 cure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 paradox
2 dramatic 3 paradox
3 paradox 4 of
3 paradox 8 is
4 of 7 encephalopathy
5 wernicke 6 's
6 's 7 encephalopathy
8 is 9 that
8 is 10 in
10 in 12 cases
11 most 12 cases
12 cases 13 it
12 cases 17 detect
13 it 14 is
14 is 15 difficult
15 difficult 16 to
15 difficult 17 detect
16 to 17 detect
18 , 19 but
19 but 22 cases
19 but 23 are
20 early 22 cases
21 diagnosed 22 cases
22 cases 23 are
23 are 25 easy
24 quite 25 easy
25 easy 26 to
25 easy 27 cure
26 to 27 cure

unrecognized and therefore [go] untreated wernicke 's encephalopathy is a serious threat to the health and lives of patients , worsens the processes of brain aging and increases the risk of alzheimer 's disease in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 encephalopathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 unrecognized 2 and
2 and 3 therefore
2 and 5 untreated
2 and 6 wernicke
6 wernicke 7 's
7 's 8 encephalopathy
8 encephalopathy 9 is
9 is 12 threat
10 a 12 threat
11 serious 12 threat
12 threat 13 to
12 threat 18 of
13 to 16 and
14 the 15 health
15 health 16 and
16 and 17 lives
18 of 19 patients
20 , 27 and
21 worsens 23 processes
21 worsens 27 and
22 the 23 processes
23 processes 24 of
24 of 25 brain
25 brain 26 aging
27 and 28 increases
28 increases 30 risk
28 increases 35 in
29 the 30 risk
30 risk 31 of
31 of 34 disease
32 alzheimer 33 's
33 's 34 disease
35 in 37 life
36 later 37 life

the basic approach to the treatment of wernicke - korsakoff syndrome [is] long - term parenteral administration of thiamine , often in high doses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 basic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 basic
2 basic 3 approach
3 approach 4 to
3 approach 21 often
3 approach 22 in
4 to 6 treatment
5 the 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 of
7 of 8 wernicke
8 wernicke 17 administration
9 - 17 administration
10 korsakoff 17 administration
11 syndrome 17 administration
13 long 14 -
13 long 15 term
15 term 17 administration
16 parenteral 17 administration
17 administration 18 of
17 administration 20 ,
18 of 19 thiamine
22 in 24 doses
23 high 24 doses

as an adjuvant means of therapy memantine is considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 memantine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 as 4 means
1 as 7 memantine
2 an 3 adjuvant
2 an 4 means
3 adjuvant 4 means
4 means 5 of
5 of 6 therapy
7 memantine 8 is
8 is 9 considered

objectives : to describe rates of pain and pain interference in a large sample of adults aging with long - standing physical disabilities , relative to a normative us population sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 8 and
3 to 8 and
4 describe 5 rates
4 describe 8 and
5 rates 6 of
6 of 7 pain
8 and 9 pain
8 and 18 with
8 and 23 disabilities
9 pain 10 interference
9 pain 11 in
11 in 14 sample
12 a 14 sample
13 large 14 sample
14 sample 15 of
14 sample 17 aging
15 of 16 adults
18 with 21 standing
19 long 20 -
19 long 21 standing
22 physical 23 disabilities
23 disabilities 25 relative
24 , 25 relative
25 relative 26 to
25 relative 32 .
26 to 31 sample
27 a 28 normative
27 a 31 sample
28 normative 31 sample
29 us 31 sample
30 population 31 sample

methods : self - report survey data was collected for a sample of 1877 individuals with spinal cord injury , neuromuscular disease , postpolio syndrome , or multiple sclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 self
4 - 7 data
4 - 9 collected
5 report 6 survey
6 survey 7 data
7 data 8 was
8 was 9 collected
9 collected 10 for
9 collected 16 with
10 for 12 sample
11 a 12 sample
12 sample 13 of
13 of 15 individuals
14 1877 15 individuals
16 with 27 or
17 spinal 18 cord
18 cord 19 injury
19 injury 20 ,
20 , 22 disease
20 , 23 ,
21 neuromuscular 22 disease
23 , 25 syndrome
23 , 27 or
24 postpolio 25 syndrome
26 , 27 or
27 or 29 sclerosis
28 multiple 29 sclerosis

rates of pain severity and pain interference in these samples were then compared with those taken from a large normative sample ( >20,000 ) collected through the nih patient reported outcomes measurement information system ( promis ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 rates 2 of
1 rates 5 and
2 of 4 severity
3 pain 4 severity
5 and 7 interference
5 and 8 in
5 and 11 were
6 pain 7 interference
8 in 10 samples
9 these 10 samples
11 were 12 then
11 were 13 compared
13 compared 14 with
13 compared 17 from
13 compared 25 collected
14 with 15 those
15 those 16 taken
17 from 21 sample
18 a 21 sample
19 large 21 sample
20 normative 21 sample
21 sample 23 >20,000
22 ( 23 >20,000
23 >20,000 24 )
25 collected 26 through
26 through 34 system
27 the 34 system
28 nih 29 patient
29 patient 30 reported
30 reported 31 outcomes
31 outcomes 32 measurement
32 measurement 33 information
33 information 34 system
34 system 36 promis
35 ( 36 promis
36 promis 37 )

results : individuals with long - standing physical disabilities reported higher levels of pain and pain interference across the lifespan as compared with individuals in the normative sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 15 and
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 15 and
4 with 9 disabilities
5 long 6 -
5 long 9 disabilities
7 standing 9 disabilities
8 physical 9 disabilities
10 reported 12 levels
10 reported 15 and
11 higher 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
13 of 14 pain
15 and 16 pain
16 pain 17 interference
16 pain 18 across
16 pain 21 as
18 across 20 lifespan
19 the 20 lifespan
21 as 22 compared
22 compared 23 with
23 with 24 individuals
24 individuals 25 in
25 in 28 sample
26 the 28 sample
27 normative 28 sample

in general , individuals with disability did not experience an age - related decrease in pain and pain impact in contrast to those in the normative sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 4 individuals
4 individuals 5 with
4 individuals 7 did
5 with 6 disability
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 experience
9 experience 11 age
10 an 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 decrease
13 related 15 in
13 related 20 in
13 related 22 to
15 in 17 and
16 pain 17 and
17 and 19 impact
18 pain 19 impact
20 in 21 contrast
22 to 23 those
23 those 24 in
24 in 27 sample
25 the 27 sample
26 normative 27 sample

for 3 disability groups ( neuromuscular disease , postpolio syndrome , and multiple sclerosis ) , pain interference [remained] elevated and significantly higher than national norms in the " postretirement " period ( ie , age 65 to 74 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 for 4 groups
1 for 16 ,
1 for 17 pain
2 3 4 groups
3 disability 4 groups
4 groups 12 and
5 ( 12 and
6 neuromuscular 7 disease
7 disease 8 ,
8 , 10 syndrome
8 , 12 and
9 postpolio 10 syndrome
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 sclerosis
12 and 15 )
13 multiple 14 sclerosis
17 pain 21 and
17 pain 26 norms
17 pain 27 in
18 interference 20 elevated
18 interference 21 and
21 and 22 significantly
21 and 23 higher
23 higher 24 than
24 than 25 national
27 in 32 period
28 the 29 "
28 the 32 period
30 postretirement 31 "
30 postretirement 32 period
32 period 36 age
33 ( 36 age
34 ie 35 ,
34 ie 36 age
36 age 38 to
36 age 40 )
37 65 38 to
38 to 39 74

discussion : results from this study provide a large scale data on prevalence rates of pain and pain interference in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 7 provide
3 results 4 from
3 results 7 provide
4 from 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 provide 19 interference
7 provide 20 in
8 a 19 interference
9 large 10 scale
10 scale 19 interference
11 data 12 on
11 data 17 and
12 on 14 rates
13 prevalence 14 rates
14 rates 15 of
15 of 16 pain
17 and 18 pain
17 and 19 interference
20 in 22 population
21 this 22 population

findings underscore the prevalence and impact of pain in persons with disabilities and suggest that individuals with disability may not experience the same degree of decrease in pain interference in later life that is typical of the us population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 findings 13 and
2 underscore 5 and
2 underscore 9 in
2 underscore 11 with
2 underscore 13 and
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 and
5 and 6 impact
5 and 7 of
7 of 8 pain
9 in 10 persons
11 with 12 disabilities
13 and 14 suggest
13 and 30 in
14 suggest 15 that
15 that 16 individuals
15 that 21 experience
16 individuals 17 with
16 individuals 19 may
17 with 18 disability
19 may 20 not
19 may 21 experience
21 experience 26 decrease
22 the 23 same
23 same 24 degree
24 degree 25 of
24 degree 26 decrease
25 of 26 decrease
26 decrease 27 in
27 in 29 interference
28 pain 29 interference
30 in 32 life
31 later 32 life
32 life 33 that
32 life 34 is
33 that 34 is
34 is 35 typical
35 typical 36 of
36 of 39 population
37 the 39 population
38 us 39 population

those aging with disability may be especially at risk for pain - related impairment in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 those 2 aging
1 those 5 may
2 aging 3 with
3 with 4 disability
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 especially
6 be 8 at
8 at 9 risk
9 risk 10 for
10 for 11 pain
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 impairment
13 related 15 in
13 related 18 .
15 in 17 life
16 later 17 life

background : blood pressure ( bp ) increases with age and obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 pressure
2 : 8 increases
2 : 13 .
3 blood 4 pressure
4 pressure 6 bp
4 pressure 8 increases
5 ( 6 bp
6 bp 7 )
8 increases 9 with
9 with 11 and
10 age 11 and
11 and 12 obesity

we have assessed the relative contribution of age and fatness to bp regulation in a healthy population investigated by nurse practitioners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 assessed
3 assessed 6 contribution
3 assessed 11 to
4 the 6 contribution
5 relative 6 contribution
6 contribution 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 age 9 and
9 and 10 fatness
11 to 13 regulation
12 bp 13 regulation
13 regulation 14 in
13 regulation 18 investigated
14 in 17 population
15 a 16 healthy
15 a 17 population
16 healthy 17 population
18 investigated 19 by
19 by 21 practitioners
20 nurse 21 practitioners

material and methods : preventive investigation and counseling was offered at the entrance hall of the regional authority´s office in the town of nitra by 2 nursing specialists who investigated 120 men and 276 women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 investigation
4 : 7 and
4 : 36 .
5 preventive 6 investigation
7 and 8 counseling
7 and 10 offered
8 counseling 9 was
9 was 10 offered
10 offered 11 at
10 offered 20 in
11 at 14 hall
12 the 14 hall
13 entrance 14 hall
14 hall 15 of
15 of 19 office
16 the 19 office
17 regional 19 office
18 authority´s 19 office
20 in 33 and
21 the 22 town
22 town 23 of
22 town 33 and
23 of 24 nitra
24 nitra 25 by
24 nitra 27 nursing
24 nitra 29 who
24 nitra 30 investigated
25 by 26 2
27 nursing 28 specialists
29 who 30 investigated
30 investigated 32 men
31 120 32 men
33 and 35 women
34 276 35 women

in men the mean body mass index ( bmi ) was 26.8 kg/m2 , mean weight was 84.4 kg , mean fat percentage [was] 23.3 , mean age was 46.1 years , mean systolic bp was 133.1 mmhg , and mean diastolic bp was 82.5 mmhg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 in 2 men
1 in 7 index
3 the 7 index
4 mean 7 index
5 body 7 index
6 mass 7 index
7 index 9 bmi
7 index 11 was
8 ( 9 bmi
9 bmi 10 )
11 was 13 kg/m2
12 26.8 13 kg/m2
14 , 20 ,
15 mean 16 weight
15 mean 17 was
15 mean 20 ,
16 weight 17 was
17 was 19 kg
18 84.4 19 kg
20 , 26 ,
21 mean 23 percentage
21 mean 26 ,
22 fat 23 percentage
23 percentage 25 23.3
26 , 32 ,
27 mean 28 age
27 mean 29 was
27 mean 32 ,
28 age 29 was
29 was 31 years
30 46.1 31 years
32 , 40 and
33 mean 35 bp
33 mean 36 was
33 mean 40 and
34 systolic 35 bp
35 bp 36 was
36 was 38 mmhg
37 133.1 38 mmhg
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 mean
41 mean 43 bp
41 mean 44 was
42 diastolic 43 bp
43 bp 44 was
44 was 46 mmhg
45 82.5 46 mmhg

in women the mean bmi was 24.8 kg/m2 , mean weight was 67.3 kg , mean fat [percentage] was 29.4 , mean age was 45.4 years , mean systolic bp was 127.7 mmhg , and mean diastolic bp was 78.5 mmhg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 2 women
1 in 5 bmi
3 the 5 bmi
4 mean 5 bmi
5 bmi 6 was
6 was 8 kg/m2
7 24.8 8 kg/m2
9 , 11 weight
9 , 12 was
9 , 15 ,
10 mean 11 weight
11 weight 12 was
12 was 14 kg
13 67.3 14 kg
15 , 16 mean
15 , 21 ,
16 mean 17 fat
16 mean 19 was
17 fat 19 was
19 was 20 29.4
21 , 27 ,
22 mean 23 age
22 mean 24 was
22 mean 27 ,
23 age 24 was
24 was 26 years
25 45.4 26 years
27 , 35 and
28 mean 30 bp
28 mean 31 was
28 mean 35 and
29 systolic 30 bp
30 bp 31 was
31 was 33 mmhg
32 127.7 33 mmhg
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 mean
36 mean 38 bp
36 mean 39 was
37 diastolic 38 bp
38 bp 39 was
39 was 41 mmhg
40 78.5 41 mmhg

correlation analysis was performed and in multiple regression analysis we used bp values as the dependent variable and fat percentage and age as independent variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 correlation 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 performed
5 and 10 we
5 and 21 and
6 in 9 analysis
6 in 10 we
7 multiple 8 regression
8 regression 9 analysis
10 we 21 and
11 used 13 values
11 used 21 and
12 bp 13 values
13 values 14 as
14 as 20 percentage
15 the 20 percentage
16 dependent 20 percentage
17 variable 18 and
18 and 19 fat
18 and 20 percentage
21 and 22 age
22 age 25 variables
23 as 24 independent
24 independent 25 variables

normality of variables distribution was checked and found satisfactorily . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 normality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 normality 2 of
1 normality 7 and
2 of 3 variables
3 variables 4 distribution
3 variables 5 was
4 distribution 5 was
6 checked 7 and
7 and 8 found
7 and 9 satisfactorily

results : most of the subjects had an untreated component [of] metabolic syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 subjects
2 : 7 had
2 : 14 .
3 most 4 of
3 most 6 subjects
4 of 6 subjects
5 the 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 had
7 had 13 syndrome
8 an 9 untreated
8 an 13 syndrome
9 untreated 13 syndrome
10 component 13 syndrome
12 metabolic 13 syndrome

there was a correlation between bp values , age , and percent body fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 correlation
2 was 5 between
3 a 4 correlation
5 between 11 and
6 bp 7 values
7 values 8 ,
8 , 9 age
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 fat
12 percent 13 body
13 body 14 fat

bp was regulated only to a certain degree by fatness and age , with the influence being relatively small . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regulated
1 bp 2 was
2 was 3 regulated
3 regulated 4 only
3 regulated 5 to
3 regulated 9 by
5 to 8 degree
6 a 7 certain
6 a 8 degree
7 certain 8 degree
9 by 11 and
10 fatness 11 and
11 and 12 age
11 and 14 with
13 , 14 with
14 with 16 influence
14 with 20 .
15 the 16 influence
16 influence 17 being
17 being 18 relatively
17 being 19 small

our results showed that bp was more influenced by fatness than age , and body fatness was more related to higher systolic than to diastolic bp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 5 bp
4 that 8 influenced
5 bp 6 was
6 was 7 more
6 was 8 influenced
8 influenced 9 by
8 influenced 11 than
8 influenced 21 higher
8 influenced 22 systolic
9 by 10 fatness
11 than 14 and
12 age 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 body
14 and 16 fatness
14 and 20 to
16 fatness 17 was
17 was 18 more
17 was 19 related
19 related 20 to
22 systolic 23 than
23 than 24 to
24 to 26 bp
25 diastolic 26 bp

conclusions : age and fatness could explain bp values by only 3 - 30 % , although bp was more influenced by fatness than by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 age
4 and 5 fatness
4 and 21 influenced
5 fatness 6 could
6 could 7 explain
7 explain 9 values
7 explain 10 by
7 explain 17 although
8 bp 9 values
10 by 12 3
11 only 12 3
12 3 15 %
13 - 15 %
14 30 15 %
15 % 16 ,
16 , 17 although
17 although 18 bp
18 bp 19 was
19 was 20 more
19 was 21 influenced
21 influenced 22 by
21 influenced 24 than
22 by 23 fatness
24 than 25 by
25 by 26 age

nurse practitioners can effectively detect [and] [motivate] people [with] [metabolic] [syndrome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 practitioners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 detect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 nurse 2 practitioners
2 practitioners 3 can
3 can 5 detect
4 effectively 5 detect
5 detect 8 people

older people sometimes show a bias toward the processing of positive information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 older 2 people
2 people 4 show
3 sometimes 4 show
4 show 6 bias
4 show 7 toward
5 a 6 bias
7 toward 9 processing
8 the 9 processing
9 processing 10 of
10 of 12 information
11 positive 12 information

in this study , we used an event - related potential [approach] to examine whether such a positivity bias is also present during feedback processing in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 used
6 used 8 event
7 an 8 event
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 potential
11 potential 13 to
11 potential 25 processing
13 to 14 examine
14 examine 15 whether
14 examine 23 during
15 whether 19 bias
15 whether 20 is
16 such 17 a
17 a 19 bias
18 positivity 19 bias
19 bias 20 is
20 is 21 also
20 is 22 present
23 during 24 feedback
24 feedback 25 processing
25 processing 26 in
26 in 28 adults
27 older 28 adults

our results suggest that a fast initial monitoring process , as reflected in the feedback - related negativity ( frn ) , is sensitive to the expectancy of events irrespective of their valence [for] older ( [aged] 70 - 77 years ) as well as younger ( aged 20 - 27 years [ )(adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 fast
4 that 7 initial
5 a 6 fast
7 initial 9 process
8 monitoring 9 process
10 , 22 ,
11 as 12 reflected
11 as 16 -
11 as 22 ,
12 reflected 13 in
13 in 15 feedback
14 the 15 feedback
17 related 18 negativity
17 related 22 ,
18 negativity 20 frn
19 ( 20 frn
20 frn 21 )
22 , 23 is
23 is 24 sensitive
24 sensitive 25 to
24 sensitive 31 of
25 to 27 expectancy
26 the 27 expectancy
27 expectancy 28 of
28 of 29 events
30 irrespective 31 of
31 of 33 valence
32 their 33 valence
33 valence 35 older
35 older 39 -
35 older 44 well
35 older 45 as
36 ( 39 -
38 70 39 -
39 - 41 years
39 - 42 )
40 77 41 years
43 as 44 well
45 as 46 younger
46 younger 48 aged
47 ( 48 aged
48 aged 50 -
48 aged 55 .
49 20 50 -
50 - 51 27
51 27 52 years
52 years 54 )(adults

in contrast , in a later evaluation process , associated with memory updating and indexed by the p300 , both age groups preferably processed unexpected positive feedback . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 4 in
2 contrast 14 and
3 , 4 in
4 in 8 process
4 in 9 ,
5 a 8 process
6 later 7 evaluation
7 evaluation 8 process
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 and
11 with 13 updating
12 memory 13 updating
14 and 15 indexed
14 and 16 by
16 by 18 p300
17 the 18 p300
19 , 22 groups
19 , 24 processed
20 both 22 groups
21 age 22 groups
22 groups 24 processed
23 preferably 24 processed
24 processed 27 feedback
25 unexpected 27 feedback
26 positive 27 feedback

however , younger adults additionally differentiated between unexpected negative [and] expected feedback while older adults did [not] , probably due to a lower working memory capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differentiated
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 adults
3 younger 4 adults
4 adults 6 differentiated
5 additionally 6 differentiated
6 differentiated 7 between
6 differentiated 13 while
6 differentiated 21 to
7 between 12 feedback
8 unexpected 9 negative
9 negative 12 feedback
11 expected 12 feedback
13 while 15 adults
13 while 16 did
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 did
18 , 19 probably
18 , 21 to
20 due 21 to
21 to 26 capacity
21 to 27 .
22 a 26 capacity
23 lower 25 memory
24 working 25 memory
25 memory 26 capacity

protein misfolding is considered to be a potential contributing factor for motor neuron [and] muscle loss in diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 protein 2 misfolding
1 protein 3 is
3 is 4 considered
4 considered 5 to
5 to 6 be
6 be 10 factor
6 be 11 for
6 be 17 in
6 be 19 like
7 a 8 potential
7 a 10 factor
8 potential 9 contributing
9 contributing 10 factor
11 for 16 loss
12 motor 15 muscle
13 neuron 15 muscle
15 muscle 16 loss
17 in 18 diseases
19 like 22 sclerosis
20 amyotrophic 22 sclerosis
21 lateral 22 sclerosis
22 sclerosis 24 als
23 ( 24 als
24 als 25 )

several independent studies have demonstrated using over [-] expressed mutated cu/zn - superoxide dismutase ( msod1 ) transgenic mouse models which mimic familial als ( f - als ) , that both muscle and motor neurons undergo degeneration during disease progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 several 2 independent
2 independent 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 using
5 demonstrated 36 neurons
5 demonstrated 37 undergo
6 using 7 over
6 using 31 that
7 over 11 cu/zn
9 expressed 11 cu/zn
10 mutated 11 cu/zn
11 cu/zn 14 dismutase
12 - 14 dismutase
13 superoxide 14 dismutase
14 dismutase 20 models
14 dismutase 30 ,
15 ( 20 models
16 msod1 17 )
16 msod1 19 mouse
18 transgenic 19 mouse
19 mouse 20 models
20 models 21 which
20 models 22 mimic
20 models 30 ,
21 which 22 mimic
22 mimic 24 als
22 mimic 27 -
23 familial 24 als
25 ( 27 -
26 f 27 -
27 - 28 als
27 - 29 )
32 both 36 neurons
33 muscle 34 and
34 and 35 motor
34 and 36 neurons
36 neurons 37 undergo
37 undergo 38 degeneration
38 degeneration 39 during
39 during 41 progression
40 disease 41 progression

however , it is unknown whether protein [conformation] of skeletal muscle and spinal cord is equally or differentially affected by msod1 - induced toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 unknown
5 unknown 6 whether
6 whether 7 protein
6 whether 17 or
7 protein 9 of
7 protein 17 or
9 of 12 and
10 skeletal 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 and
12 and 14 cord
13 spinal 14 cord
15 is 16 equally
15 is 17 or
17 or 19 affected
17 or 20 by
18 differentially 19 affected
20 by 24 toxicity
21 msod1 22 -
21 msod1 24 toxicity
23 induced 24 toxicity

it is also unclear whether heat shock proteins ( hsp 's ) differentially modulate skeletal muscle and spinal cord protein structure during als disease progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 also
2 is 4 unclear
4 unclear 5 whether
5 whether 8 proteins
5 whether 14 modulate
6 heat 8 proteins
7 shock 8 proteins
8 proteins 11 's
8 proteins 14 modulate
9 ( 11 's
10 hsp 11 's
11 's 12 )
13 differentially 14 modulate
14 modulate 17 and
14 modulate 22 during
15 skeletal 16 muscle
16 muscle 17 and
17 and 21 structure
18 spinal 19 cord
19 cord 21 structure
20 protein 21 structure
22 during 25 progression
23 als 24 disease
24 disease 25 progression

we report three intriguing observations utilizing [the] [f] - als mouse model and cell - free in vitro system ; [(] [i] [ )(muscle proteins are equally sensitive to misfolding as spinal cord proteins despite the presence of low level of soluble and absence of insoluble g93a protein aggregate , unlike [in] spinal cord , [(] ii ) hsp 's levels are lower in muscle compared to spinal cord at any stage of the disease , and [(] iii ) g93asod1 enzyme - induced toxicity [selectively] [affects] muscle protein conformation over spinal cord proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 three
3 three 4 intriguing
4 intriguing 6 utilizing
5 observations 6 utilizing
9 - 13 and
9 - 16 free
9 - 20 ;
10 als 12 model
11 mouse 12 model
12 model 13 and
13 and 14 cell
13 and 15 -
13 and 16 free
16 free 18 vitro
16 free 19 system
17 in 18 vitro
20 ; 25 proteins
24 )(muscle 25 proteins
25 proteins 26 are
26 are 27 equally
26 are 28 sensitive
28 sensitive 29 to
29 to 30 misfolding
30 misfolding 34 proteins
30 misfolding 35 despite
31 as 32 spinal
32 spinal 33 cord
33 cord 34 proteins
35 despite 37 presence
36 the 37 presence
37 presence 38 of
38 of 40 level
39 low 40 level
40 level 41 of
41 of 43 and
42 soluble 43 and
43 and 44 absence
43 and 50 ,
44 absence 45 of
45 of 49 aggregate
46 insoluble 49 aggregate
47 g93a 49 aggregate
48 protein 49 aggregate
50 , 51 unlike
51 unlike 54 cord
51 unlike 55 ,
51 unlike 63 lower
53 spinal 54 cord
57 ii 58 )
57 ii 59 hsp
59 hsp 60 's
60 's 61 levels
61 levels 62 are
62 are 63 lower
63 lower 64 in
63 lower 67 to
63 lower 72 stage
64 in 65 muscle
65 muscle 66 compared
67 to 69 cord
68 spinal 69 cord
69 cord 70 at
70 at 71 any
72 stage 73 of
73 of 82 enzyme
74 the 75 disease
75 disease 77 and
76 , 77 and
77 and 79 iii
77 and 80 )
77 and 82 enzyme
81 g93asod1 82 enzyme
82 enzyme 90 conformation
83 - 90 conformation
84 induced 90 conformation
85 toxicity 88 muscle
88 muscle 89 protein
89 protein 90 conformation
90 conformation 91 over
90 conformation 95 .
91 over 94 proteins
92 spinal 94 proteins
93 cord 94 proteins

together , these findings strongly suggest that differential chaperone levels between skeletal muscle and spinal cord may be a critical determinant for g93a - induced protein misfolding in als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 6 suggest
5 strongly 6 suggest
6 suggest 8 differential
6 suggest 9 chaperone
7 that 8 differential
9 chaperone 10 levels
9 chaperone 11 between
11 between 13 muscle
12 skeletal 13 muscle
14 and 16 cord
14 and 18 be
15 spinal 16 cord
16 cord 17 may
17 may 18 be
18 be 21 determinant
19 a 21 determinant
20 critical 21 determinant
21 determinant 22 for
21 determinant 26 protein
22 for 23 g93a
24 - 26 protein
25 induced 26 protein
26 protein 27 misfolding
26 protein 30 .
27 misfolding 28 in
28 in 29 als

the number of criminal cases requiring facial image identification of a suspect has been increasing because a surveillance camera is installed everywhere in the city and furthermore , the intercom with the recording function is installed in the home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 13 has
3 of 5 cases
4 criminal 5 cases
5 cases 6 requiring
5 cases 10 of
6 requiring 9 identification
7 facial 8 image
8 image 9 identification
10 of 12 suspect
11 a 12 suspect
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 increasing
15 increasing 16 because
16 because 26 and
16 because 36 installed
17 a 19 camera
18 surveillance 19 camera
19 camera 20 is
19 camera 26 and
20 is 21 installed
21 installed 22 everywhere
21 installed 23 in
23 in 25 city
24 the 25 city
26 and 30 intercom
27 furthermore 28 ,
27 furthermore 30 intercom
29 the 30 intercom
30 intercom 31 with
30 intercom 35 is
31 with 34 function
32 the 34 function
33 recording 34 function
35 is 36 installed
36 installed 37 in
37 in 39 home
38 the 39 home

in this study , we aimed to analyze the usefulness of a [2d/3d] facial image superimposition system for image identification when facial aging , facial expression , and twins are under consideration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 analyze
7 to 8 analyze
8 analyze 10 usefulness
8 analyze 18 for
8 analyze 21 when
9 the 10 usefulness
10 usefulness 11 of
11 of 17 system
12 a 17 system
14 facial 15 image
15 image 17 system
16 superimposition 17 system
18 for 20 identification
19 image 20 identification
21 when 28 and
21 when 30 are
22 facial 23 aging
22 facial 24 ,
24 , 26 expression
24 , 28 and
25 facial 26 expression
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 twins
28 and 30 are
30 are 31 under
31 under 32 consideration

as a result , the mean values of the average distances calculated from the 16 anatomical landmarks between the 3 d facial images of the 50 s groups and the 2 d facial images of [the] 20 s , 30 s , and 40 s groups were 2.6 , 2.3 [,] and 2.2 mm , respectively ( [facial] aging ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 43 and
2 a 3 result
4 , 12 calculated
5 the 7 values
6 mean 7 values
7 values 8 of
7 values 12 calculated
8 of 11 distances
9 the 11 distances
10 average 11 distances
12 calculated 13 from
12 calculated 18 between
12 calculated 43 and
13 from 17 landmarks
14 the 15 16
15 16 17 landmarks
16 anatomical 17 landmarks
18 between 22 facial
19 the 22 facial
20 3 21 d
21 d 22 facial
23 images 24 of
23 images 29 and
24 of 28 groups
25 the 28 groups
26 50 27 s
27 s 28 groups
29 and 34 images
29 and 35 of
29 and 41 s
29 and 43 and
30 the 34 images
31 2 32 d
32 d 34 images
33 facial 34 images
35 of 38 s
37 20 38 s
39 , 41 s
40 30 41 s
41 s 42 ,
43 and 46 groups
43 and 47 were
44 40 45 s
45 s 46 groups
47 were 48 2.6
47 were 56 respectively
47 were 59 aging
48 2.6 54 mm
49 , 54 mm
50 2.3 52 and
52 and 53 2.2
52 and 54 mm
54 mm 55 ,
57 ( 59 aging
59 aging 60 )

the mean values of the average distances calculated from 12 anatomical landmarks between the 3 d normal facial images and four emotional expressions were 4.9 ( laughter ) , 2.9 ( anger ) , 2.9 ( sadness ) , [and] 3.6 [mm] ( surprised ) , respectively [(] facial expressions ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 3 values
2 mean 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 24 were
4 of 20 and
5 the 7 distances
6 average 7 distances
7 distances 8 calculated
7 distances 20 and
8 calculated 9 from
9 from 12 landmarks
10 12 12 landmarks
11 anatomical 12 landmarks
12 landmarks 13 between
13 between 19 images
14 the 19 images
15 3 16 d
16 d 19 images
17 normal 18 facial
18 facial 19 images
20 and 23 expressions
21 four 23 expressions
22 emotional 23 expressions
24 were 25 4.9
25 4.9 27 laughter
25 4.9 30 2.9
25 4.9 41 3.6
26 ( 27 laughter
27 laughter 28 )
29 , 30 2.9
30 2.9 32 anger
30 2.9 35 2.9
30 2.9 38 )
31 ( 32 anger
32 anger 33 )
34 , 35 2.9
35 2.9 37 sadness
35 2.9 38 )
36 ( 37 sadness
37 sadness 38 )
39 , 41 3.6
41 3.6 44 surprised
41 3.6 50 expressions
41 3.6 51 )
43 ( 44 surprised
44 surprised 45 )
46 , 47 respectively
46 , 50 expressions
49 facial 50 expressions
50 expressions 51 )

the average distance obtained from 11 anatomical landmarks between the same person in twins was 1.1 mm , while the average distance between different person [in] twins was 2.0 mm [(] twins ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 distance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 distance
2 average 3 distance
3 distance 4 obtained
3 distance 13 in
3 distance 15 was
4 obtained 5 from
4 obtained 9 between
5 from 8 landmarks
6 11 8 landmarks
7 anatomical 8 landmarks
9 between 12 person
10 the 11 same
11 same 12 person
13 in 14 twins
15 was 17 mm
15 was 19 while
16 1.1 17 mm
18 , 19 while
19 while 22 distance
19 while 28 was
19 while 33 )
20 the 22 distance
21 average 22 distance
22 distance 23 between
22 distance 28 was
23 between 27 twins
24 different 25 person
25 person 27 twins
28 was 32 twins
29 2.0 30 mm
30 mm 32 twins

facial image identification using the [2d/3d] facial image superimposition system demonstrated adequate statistical power and identified an individual with high accuracy , suggesting its usefulness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
1 facial 3 identification
2 image 3 identification
3 identification 4 using
3 identification 15 and
4 using 10 system
5 the 10 system
7 facial 8 image
8 image 9 superimposition
9 superimposition 10 system
11 demonstrated 14 power
11 demonstrated 15 and
12 adequate 14 power
13 statistical 14 power
15 and 16 identified
15 and 23 suggesting
16 identified 18 individual
16 identified 19 with
17 an 18 individual
19 with 21 accuracy
20 high 21 accuracy
22 , 23 suggesting
23 suggesting 25 usefulness
23 suggesting 26 .
24 its 25 usefulness

however , computer technology concerning video image processing and [superimpose] progress , there is a need to keep familiar with the morphology and anatomy as its base . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 technology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 technology
3 computer 4 technology
4 technology 5 concerning
4 technology 14 is
5 concerning 9 and
5 concerning 13 there
6 video 8 processing
7 image 8 processing
8 processing 9 and
9 and 11 progress
9 and 12 ,
14 is 16 need
15 a 16 need
16 need 17 to
16 need 18 keep
17 to 18 keep
18 keep 19 familiar
19 familiar 20 with
19 familiar 25 as
20 with 23 and
21 the 22 morphology
22 morphology 23 and
23 and 24 anatomy
25 as 27 base
26 its 27 base

vaccines are the most cost effective public health [measure] for preventing viral infection and limiting epidemic spread within susceptible populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vaccines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 vaccines 2 are
2 are 4 most
2 are 5 cost
3 the 4 most
5 cost 8 health
5 cost 14 and
6 effective 8 health
7 public 8 health
8 health 10 for
10 for 11 preventing
11 preventing 13 infection
12 viral 13 infection
14 and 16 epidemic
15 limiting 16 epidemic
16 epidemic 17 spread
17 spread 18 within
18 within 20 populations
19 susceptible 20 populations

however , the efficacy of current protective vaccines is highly variable , particularly in aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 efficacy
3 the 4 efficacy
4 efficacy 5 of
4 efficacy 9 is
5 of 8 vaccines
6 current 8 vaccines
7 protective 8 vaccines
9 is 10 highly
9 is 11 variable
11 variable 14 in
12 , 13 particularly
12 , 14 in
14 in 15 aging
14 in 17 .
15 aging 16 populations

in addition , there have been a number of challenges in the development of new vaccines due to a lack of detailed understanding of the immune [correlates] of protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 8 number
6 been 11 in
6 been 18 to
7 a 8 number
8 number 9 of
9 of 10 challenges
11 in 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 16 vaccines
15 new 16 vaccines
17 due 18 to
18 to 20 lack
19 a 20 lack
20 lack 21 of
21 of 23 understanding
22 detailed 23 understanding
23 understanding 24 of
23 understanding 28 of
24 of 26 immune
25 the 26 immune
28 of 29 protection

to identify the mechanisms underlying the variability of the immune response to vaccines , system - level tools need to be developed that will further our understanding of virus - host interactions and correlates [of] vaccine efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 to 2 identify
2 identify 4 mechanisms
2 identify 12 to
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 underlying
5 underlying 7 variability
6 the 7 variability
7 variability 8 of
8 of 11 response
9 the 11 response
10 immune 11 response
12 to 13 vaccines
14 , 15 system
14 , 16 -
16 - 17 level
16 - 30 -
17 level 18 tools
17 level 25 further
18 tools 19 need
19 need 20 to
19 need 25 further
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 developed
23 that 24 will
24 will 25 further
25 further 27 understanding
26 our 27 understanding
27 understanding 28 of
28 of 29 virus
30 - 33 and
31 host 32 interactions
31 host 33 and
33 and 34 correlates
34 correlates 37 efficacy
36 vaccine 37 efficacy

this will provide critical information for rational vaccine design and allow the development of an analog to the " precision medicine " framework ( already acknowledged as a powerful approach in medicine and therapeutics ) to be applied to vaccinology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 this 2 will
2 will 10 and
3 provide 5 information
3 provide 6 for
3 provide 10 and
4 critical 5 information
6 for 9 design
7 rational 8 vaccine
8 vaccine 9 design
10 and 11 allow
10 and 17 to
10 and 26 acknowledged
10 and 36 to
11 allow 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 16 analog
15 an 16 analog
17 to 23 framework
18 the 19 "
18 the 23 framework
20 precision 23 framework
21 medicine 22 "
21 medicine 23 framework
24 ( 26 acknowledged
25 already 26 acknowledged
26 acknowledged 27 as
26 acknowledged 35 )
27 as 30 approach
28 a 29 powerful
28 a 30 approach
29 powerful 30 approach
30 approach 31 in
31 in 33 and
32 medicine 33 and
33 and 34 therapeutics
36 to 37 be
37 be 38 applied
38 applied 39 to
39 to 40 vaccinology

obesity and aging are interrelated conditions that both cause changes in adipocyte metabolism and affect the distribution of fat in both subcutaneous and visceral depots . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 obesity 2 and
2 and 3 aging
2 and 4 are
4 are 14 and
5 interrelated 6 conditions
5 interrelated 11 in
5 interrelated 14 and
6 conditions 7 that
7 that 8 both
7 that 9 cause
8 both 9 cause
9 cause 10 changes
11 in 13 metabolism
12 adipocyte 13 metabolism
14 and 15 affect
15 affect 17 distribution
15 affect 20 in
16 the 17 distribution
17 distribution 18 of
18 of 19 fat
20 in 25 depots
21 both 25 depots
22 subcutaneous 23 and
23 and 24 visceral
23 and 25 depots

in addition , both [weight] gain and aging can lead to similar clinical outcomes such as insulin resistance , cardiovascular disease , type 2 diabetes mellitus , atherosclerosis and stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 both
4 both 7 and
6 gain 7 and
7 and 10 lead
7 and 11 to
8 aging 9 can
9 can 10 lead
11 to 14 outcomes
12 similar 14 outcomes
13 clinical 14 outcomes
14 outcomes 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 29 and
17 insulin 18 resistance
18 resistance 19 ,
19 , 21 disease
19 , 22 ,
20 cardiovascular 21 disease
22 , 26 mellitus
22 , 27 ,
23 type 26 mellitus
24 2 26 mellitus
25 diabetes 26 mellitus
27 , 28 atherosclerosis
27 , 29 and
29 and 30 stroke

our objective was to examine the changes in protein expression within the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese patients , matched for bmi , in relation to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 examine
4 to 5 examine
5 examine 7 changes
5 examine 8 in
5 examine 11 within
5 examine 26 to
6 the 7 changes
8 in 10 expression
9 protein 10 expression
11 within 15 tissue
12 the 15 tissue
13 subcutaneous 14 adipose
14 adipose 15 tissue
15 tissue 16 of
15 tissue 24 in
16 of 18 patients
17 obese 18 patients
18 patients 20 matched
19 , 20 matched
20 matched 21 for
20 matched 23 ,
21 for 22 bmi
24 in 25 relation
26 to 27 age

mature adipocytes were isolated from [liposuction] samples of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue collected from both young ( 26.2±4.3 ( mean age±sd ) ; n=7 [ )(and old ( 52.2±4.7 ( mean age±sd ) ; n=7 ) obese individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 mature 3 were
2 adipocytes 3 were
3 were 4 isolated
4 isolated 5 from
5 from 7 samples
7 samples 8 of
7 samples 13 collected
7 samples 18 26.2±4.3
8 of 12 tissue
9 abdominal 11 adipose
10 subcutaneous 11 adipose
11 adipose 12 tissue
13 collected 14 from
13 collected 16 young
14 from 15 both
17 ( 18 26.2±4.3
18 26.2±4.3 21 age±sd
18 26.2±4.3 22 )
19 ( 21 age±sd
20 mean 21 age±sd
21 age±sd 22 )
23 ; 26 )(and
23 ; 34 ;
24 n=7 26 )(and
26 )(and 27 old
26 )(and 29 52.2±4.7
28 ( 29 52.2±4.7
29 52.2±4.7 32 age±sd
29 52.2±4.7 33 )
30 ( 32 age±sd
31 mean 32 age±sd
32 age±sd 33 )
34 ; 38 individuals
35 n=7 36 )
35 n=7 38 individuals
37 obese 38 individuals

total protein extracts were then compared by two - dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis ( 2 d dige ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 extracts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 total 2 protein
2 protein 3 extracts
3 extracts 4 were
4 were 5 then
4 were 6 compared
6 compared 7 by
7 by 8 two
8 two 14 electrophoresis
9 - 14 electrophoresis
10 dimensional 11 difference
11 difference 14 electrophoresis
12 in 13 gel
13 gel 14 electrophoresis
14 electrophoresis 18 dige
14 electrophoresis 19 )
15 ( 18 dige
16 2 17 d
17 d 18 dige
18 dige 19 )

thirty differentially expressed protein spots ( anova [test] , p≤0.05 ; fold - change ≥1.8 [ )(were detected , of which , 15 were identified by maldi - tof mass spectrometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
1 thirty 3 expressed
2 differentially 3 expressed
3 expressed 5 spots
4 protein 5 spots
5 spots 7 anova
6 ( 7 anova
7 anova 10 p≤0.05
7 anova 11 ;
9 , 10 p≤0.05
10 p≤0.05 11 ;
11 ; 12 fold
11 ; 13 -
13 - 15 ≥1.8
13 - 17 )(were
13 - 19 ,
13 - 32 .
14 change 15 ≥1.8
15 ≥1.8 17 )(were
17 )(were 18 detected
19 , 23 15
19 , 25 identified
20 of 21 which
20 of 22 ,
20 of 23 15
23 15 24 were
24 were 25 identified
25 identified 26 by
26 by 31 spectrometry
27 maldi 29 tof
28 - 29 tof
29 tof 30 mass
30 mass 31 spectrometry

these were comprised of a total of thirteen unique protein sequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 were
2 were 3 comprised
3 comprised 4 of
4 of 6 total
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
7 of 11 sequences
8 thirteen 11 sequences
9 unique 10 protein
10 protein 11 sequences

nine proteins were more abundant in the adipocytes isolated [from] old [vs] . young individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 nine 2 proteins
2 proteins 3 were
3 were 5 abundant
4 more 5 abundant
5 abundant 6 in
6 in 8 adipocytes
7 the 8 adipocytes
8 adipocytes 9 isolated
9 isolated 11 old
13 . 15 individuals
13 . 16 .
14 young 15 individuals

these proteins included prohibitin 1 , protein disulphide isomerase a3 , beta actin , profilin , aldo - ketoreductase 1 [c2] , alpha crystallin b and the annexins a1 , a5 and a6 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 2 proteins
2 proteins 3 included
3 included 32 and
4 prohibitin 5 1
4 prohibitin 6 ,
6 , 10 a3
6 , 11 ,
7 protein 9 isomerase
8 disulphide 9 isomerase
9 isomerase 10 a3
11 , 13 actin
11 , 14 ,
12 beta 13 actin
14 , 15 profilin
14 , 16 ,
16 , 19 ketoreductase
16 , 22 ,
17 aldo 18 -
17 aldo 19 ketoreductase
19 ketoreductase 20 1
22 , 24 crystallin
22 , 26 and
23 alpha 24 crystallin
24 crystallin 25 b
26 and 29 a1
26 and 30 ,
27 the 28 annexins
28 annexins 29 a1
30 , 31 a5
30 , 32 and
32 and 33 a6

four other proteins were less abundant in the adipocytes from old , [obese] [subjects] and these included keratin type 2 [cytoskeletal] [1] , [keratin] type 2 cytoskeletal 10 [and] hemoglobins a and b ..y the differentially abundant proteins were investigated by ingenuity pathway analysis ( ipa [ )(to reveal their associations with known biological functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 four 2 other
2 other 3 proteins
3 proteins 4 were
4 were 6 abundant
5 less 6 abundant
6 abundant 7 in
6 abundant 10 from
7 in 9 adipocytes
8 the 9 adipocytes
10 from 11 old
12 , 15 and
12 , 23 ,
15 and 16 these
15 and 17 included
16 these 17 included
17 included 19 type
18 keratin 19 type
19 type 20 2
23 , 25 type
23 , 32 and
25 type 26 2
25 type 30 hemoglobins
27 cytoskeletal 30 hemoglobins
28 10 30 hemoglobins
30 hemoglobins 31 a
32 and 33 b
32 and 34 ..y
33 b 34 ..y
34 ..y 38 proteins
35 the 38 proteins
36 differentially 37 abundant
37 abundant 38 proteins
38 proteins 39 were
39 were 40 investigated
40 investigated 41 by
41 by 44 analysis
42 ingenuity 43 pathway
43 pathway 44 analysis
44 analysis 46 ipa
45 ( 46 ipa
46 ipa 48 )(to
46 ipa 49 reveal
46 ipa 56 .
48 )(to 49 reveal
49 reveal 51 associations
49 reveal 52 with
50 their 51 associations
52 with 55 functions
53 known 55 functions
54 biological 55 functions

this analysis identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 as the central molecule in the connectivity map and the apoptotic pathway as the pathway with the highest score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 5 transducer
2 analysis 5 transducer
3 identified 4 signal
4 signal 5 transducer
5 transducer 6 and
6 and 7 activator
6 and 8 of
6 and 29 score
8 of 19 and
9 transcription 10 3
9 transcription 11 as
9 transcription 19 and
11 as 14 molecule
12 the 14 molecule
13 central 14 molecule
14 molecule 15 in
15 in 18 map
16 the 18 map
17 connectivity 18 map
19 and 22 pathway
19 and 23 as
20 the 22 pathway
21 apoptotic 22 pathway
23 as 25 pathway
24 the 25 pathway
25 pathway 26 with
26 with 28 highest
27 the 28 highest

differences in the abundances of several proteins were confirmed by immunoblotting : i.e . [,] prohibitin 1 , protein disulphide isomerase a3 , beta actin , profilin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 7 proteins
1 differences 11 immunoblotting
1 differences 12 :
2 in 4 abundances
3 the 4 abundances
4 abundances 5 of
5 of 6 several
7 proteins 8 were
8 were 9 confirmed
9 confirmed 10 by
10 by 11 immunoblotting
12 : 13 i.e
14 . 28 and
14 . 37 .
16 prohibitin 17 1
16 prohibitin 18 ,
18 , 22 a3
18 , 23 ,
19 protein 21 isomerase
20 disulphide 21 isomerase
21 isomerase 22 a3
23 , 25 actin
23 , 26 ,
24 beta 25 actin
26 , 27 profilin
26 , 28 and
28 and 36 proteins
29 signal 30 transducer
30 transducer 31 and
31 and 32 activator
31 and 33 of
31 and 36 proteins
33 of 34 transcription
34 transcription 35 3

in conclusion , proteomic analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue reveals differences in the abundance of proteins in adipocytes isolated [from] young [vs] . old individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 analysis
3 , 10 reveals
4 proteomic 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 of
5 analysis 10 reveals
6 of 9 tissue
7 subcutaneous 8 adipose
8 adipose 9 tissue
10 reveals 11 differences
10 reveals 12 in
10 reveals 17 in
12 in 14 abundance
13 the 14 abundance
14 abundance 15 of
15 of 16 proteins
17 in 18 adipocytes
18 adipocytes 19 isolated
19 isolated 21 young
23 . 25 individuals
23 . 26 .
24 old 25 individuals

these differentially abundant proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis , cellular senescence and inflammatory response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 4 proteins
2 differentially 3 abundant
3 abundant 4 proteins
4 proteins 5 are
5 are 6 involved
6 involved 7 in
7 in 9 regulation
8 the 9 regulation
9 regulation 10 of
10 of 15 and
11 apoptosis 12 ,
12 , 14 senescence
12 , 15 and
13 cellular 14 senescence
15 and 17 response
16 inflammatory 17 response

all these are common pathologic events in both obesity and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 all 2 these
2 these 3 are
3 are 6 events
4 common 6 events
5 pathologic 6 events
6 events 7 in
7 in 10 and
8 both 10 and
9 obesity 10 and
10 and 11 aging

the aim of this study was to compare voluntary and involuntary force generating capacity of the triceps surae muscles in healthy young and older adult participants during isometric and isokinetic contractions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 27 during
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 10 and
8 compare 12 force
8 compare 20 in
9 voluntary 10 and
10 and 11 involuntary
12 force 13 generating
12 force 15 of
12 force 18 surae
12 force 19 muscles
13 generating 14 capacity
15 of 17 triceps
16 the 17 triceps
18 surae 19 muscles
20 in 26 participants
21 healthy 22 young
21 healthy 23 and
23 and 24 older
23 and 26 participants
25 adult 26 participants
27 during 31 contractions
28 isometric 29 and
29 and 30 isokinetic
29 and 31 contractions

ultrasound was used to measure medial [gastrocnemius] ( mg ) fascicle length during maximal voluntary isometric contractions and supra - maximal isometric twitch contractions at five ankle angles throughout the available range of motion , as well as isokinetic concentric and eccentric contractions at four ankle velocities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ultrasound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
1 ultrasound 2 was
2 was 3 used
3 used 4 to
4 to 5 measure
5 measure 12 length
5 measure 29 throughout
5 measure 38 as
6 medial 9 mg
6 medial 11 fascicle
8 ( 9 mg
9 mg 10 )
11 fascicle 12 length
12 length 13 during
12 length 25 at
13 during 24 contractions
14 maximal 17 contractions
15 voluntary 17 contractions
16 isometric 17 contractions
17 contractions 18 and
18 and 23 twitch
18 and 24 contractions
19 supra 20 -
19 supra 23 twitch
21 maximal 23 twitch
22 isometric 23 twitch
25 at 28 angles
26 five 28 angles
27 ankle 28 angles
29 throughout 32 range
30 the 32 range
31 available 32 range
32 range 33 of
33 of 34 motion
35 , 38 as
36 as 37 well
37 well 38 as
38 as 47 velocities
38 as 48 .
39 isokinetic 46 ankle
40 concentric 41 and
41 and 43 contractions
41 and 46 ankle
42 eccentric 43 contractions
43 contractions 44 at
44 at 45 four
46 ankle 47 velocities

maximum voluntary activation of the plantar flexors was assessed using the twitch interpolation technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 maximum 3 activation
2 voluntary 3 activation
3 activation 4 of
3 activation 8 was
4 of 7 flexors
5 the 7 flexors
6 plantar 7 flexors
8 was 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 using
10 using 14 technique
11 the 14 technique
12 twitch 14 technique
13 interpolation 14 technique

peak plantar flexor torque was significantly lower in older adults compared to young participants by 42 % , 28 [%] and 43 % during maximal voluntary isometric contractions , supra - maximal isometric twitch and concentric contractions [respectively] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 torque
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
1 peak 4 torque
2 plantar 3 flexor
3 flexor 4 torque
4 torque 5 was
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 lower
7 lower 8 in
7 lower 15 by
8 in 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 compared
11 compared 12 to
12 to 14 participants
13 young 14 participants
15 by 17 %
16 42 17 %
17 % 23 %
18 , 23 %
19 28 21 and
21 and 22 43
21 and 23 %
23 % 24 during
23 % 39 .
24 during 35 and
25 maximal 28 contractions
26 voluntary 28 contractions
27 isometric 28 contractions
28 contractions 29 ,
29 , 34 twitch
29 , 35 and
30 supra 31 -
30 supra 34 twitch
32 maximal 34 twitch
33 isometric 34 twitch
35 and 37 contractions
36 concentric 37 contractions

no age - related differences in eccentric torque production were detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 no 2 age
2 age 10 were
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 differences
4 related 6 in
4 related 10 were
6 in 9 production
7 eccentric 9 production
8 torque 9 production
10 were 11 detected

when age - related differences in triceps surae muscle volume determined from mri were taken into account , the age - related peak plantar flexor torque deficits for maximum voluntary isometric , supra - maximal twitch , and concentric contractions were 24 % , 19 [%] and 24 % [respectively] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 peak
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 -
1 when 2 age
1 when 22 related
1 when 23 peak
2 age 5 differences
2 age 22 related
3 - 5 differences
4 related 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 10 volume
5 differences 14 were
5 differences 20 age
5 differences 21 -
6 in 7 triceps
8 surae 10 volume
9 muscle 10 volume
10 volume 11 determined
11 determined 12 from
11 determined 14 were
12 from 13 mri
14 were 15 taken
15 taken 17 account
16 into 17 account
18 , 20 age
19 the 20 age
20 age 21 -
23 peak 27 deficits
24 plantar 27 deficits
25 flexor 27 deficits
26 torque 27 deficits
27 deficits 28 for
28 for 33 supra
29 maximum 33 supra
30 voluntary 33 supra
31 isometric 32 ,
31 isometric 33 supra
34 - 36 twitch
34 - 38 and
35 maximal 36 twitch
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 contractions
38 and 41 were
39 concentric 40 contractions
40 contractions 41 were
41 were 43 %
42 24 43 %
43 % 49 %
44 , 49 %
45 19 47 and
47 and 48 24
47 and 49 %
49 % 51 .

these age - related differences in torque were not explained by torque - length - velocity behaviour of the mg muscle fascicles , passive plantar flexor torque - angle properties , decreased neural drive [of] the plantar flexor muscles or antagonistic co - activation of the tibialis anterior muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 these 2 age
3 - 5 differences
3 - 8 were
4 related 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 8 were
6 in 7 torque
8 were 9 not
8 were 11 by
9 not 10 explained
11 by 12 torque
12 torque 14 length
13 - 14 length
14 length 17 behaviour
14 length 50 .
15 - 17 behaviour
16 velocity 17 behaviour
17 behaviour 18 of
17 behaviour 27 torque
17 behaviour 50 .
18 of 22 fascicles
19 the 22 fascicles
20 mg 21 muscle
21 muscle 22 fascicles
23 , 27 torque
24 passive 26 flexor
25 plantar 26 flexor
26 flexor 27 torque
27 torque 30 properties
27 torque 50 .
28 - 30 properties
29 angle 30 properties
30 properties 42 co
30 properties 44 activation
30 properties 50 .
31 , 42 co
32 decreased 42 co
33 neural 34 drive
34 drive 42 co
36 the 39 muscles
37 plantar 39 muscles
38 flexor 39 muscles
39 muscles 40 or
40 or 41 antagonistic
40 or 42 co
42 co 43 -
43 - 44 activation
44 activation 45 of
44 activation 50 .
45 of 49 muscle
46 the 49 muscle
47 tibialis 49 muscle
48 anterior 49 muscle

the residual deficit in isometric and concentric plantar flexor torques in healthy older adults may involve reduced muscle quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deficit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 involve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 deficit
2 residual 3 deficit
3 deficit 4 in
3 deficit 15 may
4 in 10 torques
5 isometric 6 and
6 and 7 concentric
6 and 9 flexor
8 plantar 9 flexor
9 flexor 10 torques
10 torques 11 in
11 in 14 adults
12 healthy 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 may 16 involve
16 involve 19 quality
17 reduced 18 muscle
18 muscle 19 quality

a significant reduction in supra - maximal twitch torque at longer mg fascicle lengths as well as a lower mg fascicle velocity during eccentric contractions in older adults was detected , which could possibly be a function of the reported increased achilles tendon compliance in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 reduction
2 significant 3 reduction
3 reduction 4 in
3 reduction 17 as
3 reduction 29 was
4 in 9 torque
5 supra 6 -
5 supra 8 twitch
7 maximal 8 twitch
8 twitch 9 torque
9 torque 10 at
10 at 14 lengths
11 longer 14 lengths
12 mg 13 fascicle
13 fascicle 14 lengths
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 22 velocity
18 a 22 velocity
19 lower 21 fascicle
20 mg 21 fascicle
21 fascicle 22 velocity
22 velocity 23 during
22 velocity 26 in
23 during 25 contractions
24 eccentric 25 contractions
26 in 28 adults
27 older 28 adults
29 was 30 detected
31 , 32 which
31 , 35 be
32 which 33 could
33 could 35 be
34 possibly 35 be
35 be 37 function
36 a 37 function
37 function 38 of
38 of 44 compliance
39 the 44 compliance
40 reported 43 tendon
41 increased 43 tendon
42 achilles 43 tendon
43 tendon 44 compliance
44 compliance 45 in
45 in 47 adults
46 older 47 adults

study design : descriptive , laboratory study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 7 study
4 descriptive 5 ,
4 descriptive 6 laboratory
6 laboratory 7 study

objectives : to compare the 3 - d hip torques during a golf swing between young and senior healthy male amateur golfers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 compare
3 to 4 compare
4 compare 10 torques
4 compare 15 between
5 the 10 torques
6 3 7 -
7 - 8 d
7 - 9 hip
9 hip 10 torques
10 torques 11 during
11 during 14 swing
12 a 14 swing
13 golf 14 swing
15 between 22 golfers
16 young 17 and
17 and 18 senior
17 and 22 golfers
19 healthy 20 male
20 male 22 golfers
21 amateur 22 golfers

the secondary purpose was to compare the 3 - d hip joint torques between the trail leg and lead leg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 purpose
2 secondary 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 was
4 was 5 to
4 was 6 compare
5 to 6 compare
6 compare 13 torques
6 compare 14 between
7 the 13 torques
8 3 9 -
9 - 10 d
9 - 13 torques
11 hip 12 joint
12 joint 13 torques
14 between 18 and
15 the 17 leg
16 trail 17 leg
17 leg 18 and
18 and 20 leg
19 lead 20 leg

background : the generation of hip torques from the hip musculature is an important aspect of the golf swing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 generation
2 : 12 is
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 generation
4 generation 5 of
4 generation 12 is
5 of 7 torques
6 hip 7 torques
7 torques 8 from
8 from 11 musculature
9 the 11 musculature
10 hip 11 musculature
12 is 15 aspect
13 an 14 important
13 an 15 aspect
14 important 15 aspect
15 aspect 16 of
16 of 19 swing
17 the 19 swing
18 golf 19 swing

golf is a very popular activity , and estimates of hip torques during the golf swing have not been reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 golf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 golf 2 is
2 is 6 activity
3 a 4 very
3 a 6 activity
4 very 5 popular
5 popular 6 activity
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 estimates
8 and 20 reported
9 estimates 10 of
9 estimates 17 have
10 of 12 torques
11 hip 12 torques
12 torques 13 during
13 during 16 swing
14 the 16 swing
15 golf 16 swing
17 have 18 not
17 have 19 been
19 been 20 reported

methods : twenty healthy male golfers were divided into a young group ( mean ± sd age , 25.1 ± 3.1 years [ )(and a senior group ( age , 56.9 ± 4.7 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 6 golfers
2 : 8 divided
2 : 18 ,
3 twenty 6 golfers
4 healthy 6 golfers
5 male 6 golfers
6 golfers 7 were
7 were 8 divided
8 divided 9 into
9 into 12 group
10 a 12 group
11 young 12 group
12 group 17 age
13 ( 17 age
14 mean 15 ±
15 ± 17 age
16 sd 17 age
17 age 18 ,
18 , 19 25.1
18 , 20 ±
19 25.1 20 ±
20 ± 24 )(and
21 3.1 22 years
22 years 24 )(and
24 )(and 27 group
24 )(and 29 age
24 )(and 34 years
25 a 27 group
26 senior 27 group
28 ( 29 age
29 age 30 ,
30 , 34 years
31 56.9 34 years
32 ± 34 years
33 4.7 34 years
34 years 35 )

all subjects completed 10 golf swings using their personal driver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 completed
3 completed 6 swings
4 10 6 swings
5 golf 6 swings
6 swings 7 using
7 using 10 driver
8 their 10 driver
9 personal 10 driver

a motion capture system and force plates were used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 2 motion
1 a 4 system
2 motion 4 system
3 capture 4 system
4 system 5 and
5 and 7 plates
5 and 8 were
6 force 7 plates
8 were 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 obtain
10 to 11 obtain
11 obtain 15 data
12 kinematic 13 and
13 and 14 kinetic
13 and 15 data

inverse dynamic analyses were used to calculate 3 - d hip joint torques of the trail and lead limbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 inverse 3 analyses
2 dynamic 3 analyses
3 analyses 17 and
4 were 5 used
4 were 17 and
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 calculate
6 to 7 calculate
7 calculate 13 torques
8 3 9 -
9 - 10 d
9 - 11 hip
11 hip 13 torques
12 joint 13 torques
13 torques 14 of
14 of 16 trail
15 the 16 trail
17 and 18 lead
17 and 19 limbs

two - way analyses of covariance ( [group] by leg [ )( [with] club [-] head velocity as a covariate , were used to compare peak hip torques between groups and limbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 two 4 analyses
1 two 22 were
2 - 4 analyses
3 way 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 of
4 analyses 21 ,
5 of 6 covariance
6 covariance 9 by
7 ( 9 by
9 by 17 velocity
9 by 21 ,
10 leg 14 club
14 club 17 velocity
16 head 17 velocity
17 velocity 18 as
18 as 20 covariate
19 a 20 covariate
22 were 23 used
23 used 24 to
23 used 25 compare
24 to 25 compare
25 compare 28 torques
25 compare 29 between
26 peak 28 torques
27 hip 28 torques
29 between 31 and
30 groups 31 and
31 and 32 limbs

results : trail - limb hip external rotator torque was significantly greater in the younger group compared to the senior group , and greater in the trail leg versus the lead leg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 trail
4 - 9 torque
4 - 10 was
5 limb 6 hip
6 hip 9 torque
7 external 8 rotator
8 rotator 9 torque
9 torque 10 was
10 was 11 significantly
10 was 12 greater
12 greater 13 in
12 greater 18 to
13 in 16 group
14 the 16 group
15 younger 16 group
16 group 17 compared
18 to 32 leg
19 the 32 leg
20 senior 32 leg
21 group 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 greater
23 and 32 leg
24 greater 25 in
25 in 28 leg
26 the 28 leg
27 trail 28 leg
28 leg 29 versus
29 versus 31 lead
30 the 31 lead

conclusion : when adjusting for club [-] head velocity , young and senior healthy male amateur golfers generated comparable hip torques during a golf swing , with the exception of the trail - limb hip external rotator torque . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 when
2 : 5 for
3 when 4 adjusting
5 for 9 velocity
6 club 8 head
8 head 9 velocity
10 , 17 golfers
10 , 18 generated
11 young 12 and
12 and 13 senior
12 and 17 golfers
14 healthy 17 golfers
15 male 17 golfers
16 amateur 17 golfers
17 golfers 18 generated
18 generated 21 torques
18 generated 22 during
18 generated 27 with
19 comparable 20 hip
20 hip 21 torques
22 during 25 swing
23 a 25 swing
24 golf 25 swing
26 , 27 with
27 with 29 exception
27 with 39 .
28 the 29 exception
29 exception 30 of
29 exception 38 torque
30 of 32 trail
31 the 32 trail
33 - 38 torque
34 limb 38 torque
35 hip 38 torque
36 external 37 rotator
37 rotator 38 torque
38 torque 39 .

the largest hip torque found was the trail - limb hip extensor torque . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 torque
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 largest
1 the 4 torque
3 hip 4 torque
4 torque 5 found
4 torque 6 was
6 was 8 trail
7 the 8 trail
9 - 13 torque
10 limb 13 torque
11 hip 12 extensor
12 extensor 13 torque

the evaluation of surface electromyography ( semg ) is commonly performed in children with cerebral palsy ( cp ) and reliable interpretation necessitates knowledge of the variability in age - matched , typically developing ( td ) [children] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 evaluation
2 evaluation 3 of
2 evaluation 7 semg
2 evaluation 9 is
3 of 5 electromyography
4 surface 5 electromyography
6 ( 7 semg
7 semg 8 )
9 is 11 performed
10 commonly 11 performed
11 performed 12 in
11 performed 14 with
12 in 13 children
14 with 16 palsy
15 cerebral 16 palsy
16 palsy 18 cp
17 ( 18 cp
18 cp 19 )
20 and 22 interpretation
20 and 23 necessitates
21 reliable 22 interpretation
22 interpretation 23 necessitates
23 necessitates 24 knowledge
24 knowledge 25 of
25 of 27 variability
26 the 27 variability
27 variability 28 in
27 variability 34 developing
27 variability 36 td
28 in 29 age
29 age 31 matched
30 - 31 matched
31 matched 32 ,
33 typically 34 developing
35 ( 36 td
36 td 37 )

significantly greater variability was found in the 7 - 9 group compared to the 13 - 16 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 significantly 2 greater
2 greater 3 variability
3 variability 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 in
6 in 11 group
7 the 11 group
8 7 9 -
9 - 10 9
9 - 11 group
11 group 12 compared
12 compared 13 to
13 to 18 years
14 the 16 -
15 13 16 -
16 - 17 16
16 - 18 years

variability during both slow and fast walking was significantly [greater] compared to comfortable speed walking and was profound in the 7 - 9 year age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 variability 2 during
1 variability 8 was
2 during 5 and
3 both 5 and
4 slow 5 and
5 and 6 fast
5 and 7 walking
8 was 16 and
9 significantly 11 compared
11 compared 12 to
11 compared 16 and
12 to 14 speed
13 comfortable 14 speed
14 speed 15 walking
16 and 17 was
17 was 18 profound
18 profound 19 in
19 in 26 group
20 the 26 group
21 7 22 -
22 - 23 9
22 - 24 year
24 year 26 group
25 age 26 group

variability of the imnf was significantly greater than le in the tibialis - anterior , biceps - femoris ( bf ) , vastus - lateralis ( vl ) , and rectus - femoris ( rf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 variability 2 of
1 variability 5 was
2 of 4 imnf
3 the 4 imnf
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 greater
7 greater 8 than
8 than 9 le
8 than 10 in
10 in 12 tibialis
11 the 12 tibialis
12 tibialis 14 anterior
13 - 14 anterior
14 anterior 16 biceps
14 anterior 36 )
15 , 16 biceps
16 biceps 30 and
16 biceps 36 )
17 - 30 and
18 femoris 20 bf
18 femoris 22 ,
19 ( 20 bf
20 bf 21 )
22 , 23 vastus
22 , 30 and
23 vastus 27 vl
24 - 27 vl
25 lateralis 27 vl
26 ( 27 vl
27 vl 28 )
27 vl 29 ,
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 rectus
30 and 33 femoris
30 and 36 )
32 - 33 femoris
33 femoris 35 rf
33 femoris 36 )
34 ( 35 rf
35 rf 36 )

clinical implications are that children under 10 years are more variable than older children when walking either slower or faster than self [-] selected walking speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 clinical 2 implications
2 implications 3 are
3 are 4 that
4 that 5 children
4 that 9 are
5 children 6 under
5 children 9 are
6 under 8 years
7 10 8 years
9 are 11 variable
10 more 11 variable
11 variable 12 than
11 variable 15 when
12 than 14 children
13 older 14 children
15 when 16 walking
16 walking 22 self
17 either 22 self
18 slower 19 or
19 or 20 faster
19 or 22 self
20 faster 21 than
22 self 24 selected
22 self 25 walking
25 walking 26 speed

this suggests that muscle activation patterns [in] gait mature at a later stage of childhood than do kinematic gait patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 8 gait
2 suggests 17 do
3 that 8 gait
4 muscle 8 gait
5 activation 8 gait
6 patterns 8 gait
8 gait 9 mature
9 mature 10 at
9 mature 16 than
10 at 13 stage
11 a 13 stage
12 later 13 stage
13 stage 14 of
14 of 15 childhood
17 do 20 patterns
18 kinematic 19 gait
19 gait 20 patterns

greater precaution , therefore [,] is needed [when] comparing semg patterns of less than 10 years of age patient and td children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 precaution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 greater 2 precaution
3 , 4 therefore
3 , 6 is
4 therefore 6 is
6 is 9 comparing
7 needed 9 comparing
9 comparing 10 semg
9 comparing 11 patterns
9 comparing 12 of
10 semg 11 patterns
12 of 16 years
13 less 14 than
14 than 15 10
15 10 16 years
16 years 17 of
17 of 22 children
18 age 22 children
19 patient 20 and
20 and 21 td
20 and 22 children

significance : it is a well - established scientific observation that mammalian cells contain fidelity or watchdog proteins that maintain the correct function of cellular organelles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 contain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 is
2 : 7 -
3 it 4 is
4 is 6 well
5 a 6 well
7 - 10 observation
8 established 10 observation
9 scientific 10 observation
10 observation 13 cells
10 observation 14 contain
11 that 12 mammalian
12 mammalian 13 cells
13 cells 14 contain
14 contain 16 or
15 fidelity 16 or
16 or 18 proteins
16 or 19 that
16 or 20 maintain
17 watchdog 18 proteins
19 that 20 maintain
20 maintain 23 function
21 the 23 function
22 correct 23 function
23 function 24 of
24 of 26 organelles
25 cellular 26 organelles

recent advances : over the past several years , the sirtuin deacetylase family protein sirt3 has emerged as a mitochondrial fidelity protein that directs energy generation and regulates reactive oxygen species ( ros ) scavenging proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 recent 2 advances
3 : 14 protein
3 : 17 emerged
4 over 8 years
4 over 9 ,
4 over 14 protein
5 the 8 years
6 past 8 years
7 several 8 years
10 the 14 protein
11 sirtuin 12 deacetylase
12 deacetylase 13 family
13 family 14 protein
14 protein 15 sirt3
14 protein 16 has
14 protein 17 emerged
15 sirt3 16 has
17 emerged 18 as
18 as 22 protein
19 a 22 protein
20 mitochondrial 21 fidelity
21 fidelity 22 protein
22 protein 23 that
22 protein 27 and
22 protein 35 scavenging
23 that 27 and
24 directs 26 generation
24 directs 27 and
25 energy 26 generation
27 and 28 regulates
28 regulates 31 species
29 reactive 30 oxygen
30 oxygen 31 species
31 species 33 ros
32 ( 33 ros
33 ros 34 )
35 scavenging 36 proteins

loss [of] function or genetic mutation of these fidelity proteins has been shown to create a cellular environment that is permissive for the development of cellular damage associated with processes such as aging and carcinogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 loss 3 function
4 or 6 mutation
4 or 13 shown
5 genetic 6 mutation
6 mutation 7 of
6 mutation 11 has
7 of 10 proteins
8 these 10 proteins
9 fidelity 10 proteins
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 shown
13 shown 14 to
13 shown 19 that
13 shown 20 is
14 to 15 create
15 create 18 environment
16 a 17 cellular
16 a 18 environment
17 cellular 18 environment
19 that 20 is
20 is 21 permissive
21 permissive 22 for
21 permissive 29 with
21 permissive 32 as
22 for 24 development
23 the 24 development
24 development 25 of
25 of 27 damage
26 cellular 27 damage
27 damage 28 associated
29 with 30 processes
31 such 32 as
32 as 34 and
33 aging 34 and
34 and 35 carcinogenesis

critical issues : mitochondria are the primary organelles that direct oxidative metabolism for the production of atp ; however , this is also a significant source of ros . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 critical 2 issues
3 : 4 mitochondria
3 : 5 are
3 : 18 ;
4 mitochondria 5 are
5 are 8 organelles
6 the 8 organelles
7 primary 8 organelles
8 organelles 9 that
8 organelles 10 direct
9 that 10 direct
10 direct 12 metabolism
11 oxidative 12 metabolism
12 metabolism 13 for
12 metabolism 16 of
13 for 15 production
14 the 15 production
16 of 17 atp
18 ; 21 this
18 ; 22 is
19 however 20 ,
19 however 21 this
21 this 22 is
22 is 23 also
22 is 26 source
24 a 25 significant
24 a 26 source
25 significant 26 source
26 source 27 of
27 of 28 ros

thus , it is reasonable to propose that mitochondria should contain proteins that would signal downstream target molecules and/or ros scavenger enzymes [to] maintain mitochondrial and cellular homeostatic poise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 9 mitochondria
2 , 7 propose
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 reasonable
5 reasonable 6 to
5 reasonable 7 propose
6 to 7 propose
7 propose 9 mitochondria
8 that 9 mitochondria
9 mitochondria 10 should
10 should 11 contain
11 contain 12 proteins
12 proteins 13 that
12 proteins 24 maintain
13 that 14 would
14 would 15 signal
15 signal 16 downstream
15 signal 18 molecules
15 signal 19 and/or
17 target 18 molecules
19 and/or 22 enzymes
20 ros 21 scavenger
21 scavenger 22 enzymes
22 enzymes 24 maintain
24 maintain 29 poise
25 mitochondrial 26 and
26 and 27 cellular
26 and 29 poise
28 homeostatic 29 poise

it is also reasonable to hypothesize that the mitochondria contain fidelity proteins similar to those found in the nucleus and cytoplasm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 also
2 is 4 reasonable
4 reasonable 5 to
4 reasonable 16 found
5 to 6 hypothesize
6 hypothesize 7 that
7 that 9 mitochondria
7 that 16 found
8 the 9 mitochondria
9 mitochondria 10 contain
10 contain 11 fidelity
12 proteins 13 similar
12 proteins 16 found
13 similar 14 to
14 to 15 those
16 found 17 in
17 in 20 and
18 the 19 nucleus
19 nucleus 20 and
20 and 21 cytoplasm

we discuss a new role of sirt3 in the direction of the primary superoxide scavenger protein , manganese superoxide dismutase ( mnsod ) , and [how] the acetylation or deacetylation of several specific lysines appears to direct mnsod enzymatic dismutase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 direct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 25 and
3 a 4 new
3 a 5 role
4 new 5 role
5 role 6 of
5 role 25 and
6 of 7 sirt3
7 sirt3 8 in
7 sirt3 11 of
8 in 10 direction
9 the 10 direction
11 of 16 protein
12 the 16 protein
13 primary 16 protein
14 superoxide 16 protein
15 scavenger 16 protein
16 protein 20 dismutase
17 , 20 dismutase
18 manganese 20 dismutase
19 superoxide 20 dismutase
20 dismutase 22 mnsod
20 dismutase 24 ,
21 ( 22 mnsod
22 mnsod 23 )
25 and 28 acetylation
27 the 28 acetylation
29 or 30 deacetylation
29 or 35 appears
30 deacetylation 31 of
30 deacetylation 35 appears
31 of 34 lysines
32 several 34 lysines
33 specific 34 lysines
35 appears 36 to
36 to 37 direct
37 direct 41 activity
38 mnsod 41 activity
39 enzymatic 40 dismutase
40 dismutase 41 activity

future directions : aberrant downstream regulation of mnsod by sirt3 may be a potential source of cellular damage that accumulates with aging to create a tumor - permissive phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 directions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 future 2 directions
2 directions 3 :
3 : 4 aberrant
4 aberrant 6 regulation
4 aberrant 12 be
5 downstream 6 regulation
6 regulation 7 of
6 regulation 9 by
6 regulation 11 may
7 of 8 mnsod
9 by 10 sirt3
11 may 12 be
12 be 15 source
13 a 14 potential
13 a 15 source
14 potential 15 source
15 source 16 of
15 source 19 that
15 source 20 accumulates
16 of 18 damage
17 cellular 18 damage
19 that 20 accumulates
20 accumulates 21 with
21 with 22 aging
22 aging 23 to
23 to 24 create
24 create 26 tumor
25 a 26 tumor
27 - 29 phenotype
27 - 30 .
28 permissive 29 phenotype

future studies can explore the role of mnsod in age - related illness using this new mechanism of enzymatic regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 can
3 can 4 explore
4 explore 6 role
4 explore 9 in
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
7 of 8 mnsod
9 in 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 illness
12 related 14 using
12 related 21 .
14 using 17 mechanism
15 this 17 mechanism
16 new 17 mechanism
17 mechanism 18 of
18 of 20 regulation
19 enzymatic 20 regulation

background : the baby boomer population will become high users of the health [-] care system in coming years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 population
2 : 8 become
2 : 20 .
3 the 6 population
4 baby 6 population
5 boomer 6 population
6 population 7 will
7 will 8 become
8 become 10 users
8 become 17 in
9 high 10 users
10 users 11 of
11 of 16 system
12 the 16 system
13 health 15 care
15 care 16 system
17 in 19 years
18 coming 19 years

self - report of hearing loss at a primary health [-] care visit may offer timely referrals to audiological services , but there has been no population - based study of self [-] reported hearing loss in the baby boomer generation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
1 self 2 -
1 self 3 report
3 report 6 loss
3 report 15 offer
4 of 5 hearing
4 of 6 loss
6 loss 7 at
6 loss 14 may
7 at 13 visit
8 a 13 visit
9 primary 10 health
10 health 12 care
12 care 13 visit
14 may 15 offer
15 offer 17 referrals
16 timely 17 referrals
17 referrals 18 to
18 to 20 services
19 audiological 20 services
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 there
22 but 25 been
23 there 24 has
24 has 25 been
25 been 27 population
26 no 27 population
27 population 30 study
28 - 30 study
29 based 30 study
30 study 31 of
30 study 42 .
31 of 36 loss
32 self 34 reported
34 reported 35 hearing
35 hearing 36 loss
36 loss 37 in
37 in 41 generation
38 the 41 generation
39 baby 41 generation
40 boomer 41 generation

purpose : to determine the clinical value and audiometric correspondence [of] self - reported hearing loss as a screening tool for the baby boomer population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 8 and
5 the 8 and
6 clinical 7 value
7 value 8 and
8 and 12 self
9 audiometric 10 correspondence
10 correspondence 12 self
13 - 14 reported
14 reported 15 hearing
14 reported 17 as
15 hearing 16 loss
17 as 20 tool
18 a 20 tool
19 screening 20 tool
20 tool 21 for
21 for 25 population
22 the 25 population
23 baby 25 population
24 boomer 25 population

research design : a population - based study , busselton healthy ageing study ( bhas ) , surveying baby boomers born between 1946 and 1964 from the shire of busselton , western australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 research 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 5 population
4 a 5 population
5 population 8 study
5 population 15 bhas
5 population 18 surveying
6 - 8 study
7 based 8 study
8 study 9 ,
9 , 15 bhas
10 busselton 11 healthy
11 healthy 12 ageing
12 ageing 13 study
13 study 15 bhas
14 ( 15 bhas
15 bhas 16 )
15 bhas 17 ,
17 , 18 surveying
18 surveying 20 boomers
18 surveying 22 between
18 surveying 26 from
18 surveying 31 ,
19 baby 20 boomers
20 boomers 21 born
22 between 24 and
23 1946 24 and
24 and 25 1964
26 from 28 shire
27 the 28 shire
28 shire 29 of
29 of 30 busselton
31 , 33 australia
32 western 33 australia

study sample : a randomized sample of noninstitutionalized baby - boomers listed on the electoral roll ( n = 6690 ) and resident in the shire are eligible to participate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 study 2 sample
3 : 22 and
3 : 27 are
3 : 31 .
4 a 6 sample
5 randomized 6 sample
6 sample 7 of
6 sample 22 and
7 of 11 boomers
8 noninstitutionalized 11 boomers
9 baby 10 -
9 baby 11 boomers
11 boomers 12 listed
12 listed 13 on
13 on 16 roll
14 the 16 roll
15 electoral 16 roll
16 roll 19 =
17 ( 19 =
18 n 19 =
19 = 20 6690
19 = 21 )
22 and 23 resident
22 and 24 in
22 and 27 are
24 in 26 shire
25 the 26 shire
27 are 28 eligible
28 eligible 29 to
28 eligible 30 participate
29 to 30 participate

this study reports on data from the first 1004 attendees ( 53.5 % female [ )(with a mean age of 56.23 ( [sd] = 5.43 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reports
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 reports
3 reports 4 on
4 on 5 data
5 data 6 from
6 from 10 attendees
7 the 8 first
7 the 9 1004
9 1004 10 attendees
10 attendees 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 53.5 13 %
13 % 14 female
13 % 25 5.43
13 % 27 .
14 female 16 )(with
16 )(with 19 age
17 a 18 mean
17 a 19 age
18 mean 19 age
19 age 20 of
20 of 21 56.23
22 ( 25 5.43
24 = 25 5.43
25 5.43 26 )

data collection and analysis : data from a self - report question on hearing loss and diagnostic pure tone audiometry was utilized for this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 data 2 collection
2 collection 3 and
3 and 4 analysis
5 : 6 data
6 data 7 from
7 from 9 self
8 a 9 self
9 self 22 utilized
10 - 11 report
11 report 16 and
11 report 22 utilized
12 question 13 on
12 question 16 and
13 on 14 hearing
14 hearing 15 loss
16 and 19 tone
16 and 20 audiometry
16 and 21 was
17 diagnostic 19 tone
18 pure 19 tone
20 audiometry 21 was
22 utilized 23 for
23 for 25 study
24 this 25 study

analysis included screening performance measures of self - report compared to audiometric cut - offs , receiver operator curve ( roc ) [to] determine optimal level , analysis of variance to compare hearing status to self - report , and binary logistic regression to determine best audiometric predictors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 analysis 2 included
2 included 5 measures
3 screening 4 performance
4 performance 5 measures
5 measures 6 of
6 of 7 self
8 - 9 report
8 - 14 -
9 report 10 compared
10 compared 11 to
11 to 13 cut
12 audiometric 13 cut
14 - 15 offs
14 - 24 determine
15 offs 19 curve
15 offs 24 determine
16 , 19 curve
17 receiver 19 curve
18 operator 19 curve
19 curve 21 roc
19 curve 22 )
20 ( 21 roc
21 roc 22 )
24 determine 28 analysis
25 optimal 28 analysis
26 level 27 ,
26 level 28 analysis
28 analysis 29 of
28 analysis 40 and
29 of 30 variance
30 variance 31 to
30 variance 32 compare
31 to 32 compare
32 compare 34 status
32 compare 35 to
33 hearing 34 status
35 to 36 self
37 - 40 and
38 report 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 43 regression
40 and 44 to
40 and 45 determine
40 and 49 .
41 binary 43 regression
42 logistic 43 regression
44 to 45 determine
45 determine 48 predictors
46 best 47 audiometric
47 audiometric 48 predictors

results : of the sample , 16 % self - reported hearing loss ( 72.1 % males ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 5 sample
4 the 5 sample
6 , 9 self
6 , 10 -
7 16 8 %
8 % 9 self
10 - 13 loss
11 reported 12 hearing
12 hearing 13 loss
13 loss 17 males
14 ( 17 males
15 72.1 17 males
16 % 17 males
17 males 18 )

of those [who] [self] - reported a hearing loss , 80 % had either a four [-] frequency average hearing loss >25 [db] in the worse ear or a high - frequency average ( 4000 and 8000 hz ) hearing loss greater than 35 db in the worse ear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 of 2 those
1 of 12 %
5 - 6 reported
6 reported 9 loss
6 reported 10 ,
6 reported 12 %
7 a 9 loss
8 hearing 9 loss
11 80 12 %
12 % 13 had
13 had 41 loss
14 either 28 or
15 a 19 average
16 four 18 frequency
18 frequency 19 average
19 average 20 hearing
19 average 28 or
20 hearing 21 loss
20 hearing 22 >25
22 >25 24 in
24 in 27 ear
25 the 27 ear
26 worse 27 ear
28 or 33 average
28 or 38 hz
28 or 41 loss
29 a 30 high
29 a 33 average
30 high 31 -
30 high 33 average
32 frequency 33 average
34 ( 38 hz
35 4000 36 and
36 and 37 8000
36 and 38 hz
38 hz 39 )
40 hearing 41 loss
41 loss 42 greater
41 loss 46 in
42 greater 43 than
43 than 45 db
44 35 45 db
46 in 49 ear
47 the 49 ear
48 worse 49 ear

conclusions : baby boomer adults who self [-] report hearing impairment on direct inquiry are most likely to have a hearing loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 adults
2 : 19 have
2 : 23 .
3 baby 4 boomer
4 boomer 5 adults
5 adults 6 who
5 adults 18 to
5 adults 19 have
6 who 11 impairment
6 who 15 are
7 self 11 impairment
9 report 11 impairment
10 hearing 11 impairment
11 impairment 12 on
11 impairment 15 are
12 on 14 inquiry
13 direct 14 inquiry
15 are 16 most
16 most 17 likely
17 likely 18 to
19 have 22 loss
20 a 22 loss
21 hearing 22 loss

a simple question at a primary health care visit may facilitate a timely referral for audiological services in a baby boomer adult , who may be more amenable to rehabilitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 2 simple
1 a 3 question
2 simple 3 question
3 question 4 at
3 question 10 may
4 at 9 visit
5 a 6 primary
5 a 9 visit
6 primary 7 health
7 health 9 visit
8 care 9 visit
10 may 11 facilitate
11 facilitate 14 referral
11 facilitate 15 for
12 a 13 timely
12 a 14 referral
13 timely 14 referral
15 for 17 services
16 audiological 17 services
17 services 18 in
18 in 22 adult
19 a 22 adult
20 baby 21 boomer
21 boomer 22 adult
23 , 24 who
23 , 26 be
24 who 25 may
25 may 26 be
26 be 28 amenable
27 more 28 amenable
28 amenable 29 to
29 to 30 rehabilitation

background & aims : muscle wasting commonly occurs in copd , [negatively] affecting outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 &
2 & 3 aims
4 : 6 wasting
4 : 8 occurs
4 : 11 ,
4 : 15 .
5 muscle 6 wasting
6 wasting 8 occurs
7 commonly 8 occurs
8 occurs 9 in
9 in 10 copd
11 , 14 outcome
13 affecting 14 outcome

the aim was to examine the net whole - body protein synthesis response to two milk protein meals with comparable absorption rates ( hydrolyzed casein ( hcas [ )(vs [.] hydrolyzed whey ( hwhey ) ) and the effects of co - ingesting leucine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 was
3 was 4 to
4 to 5 examine
5 examine 37 and
5 examine 43 ingesting
6 the 13 response
7 net 13 response
8 whole 9 -
8 whole 13 response
10 body 11 protein
11 protein 13 response
12 synthesis 13 response
13 response 14 to
13 response 19 with
13 response 37 and
14 to 18 meals
15 two 18 meals
16 milk 17 protein
17 protein 18 meals
19 with 22 rates
20 comparable 22 rates
21 absorption 22 rates
22 rates 25 casein
23 ( 25 casein
24 hydrolyzed 25 casein
25 casein 27 hcas
25 casein 36 )
26 ( 27 hcas
27 hcas 29 )(vs
27 hcas 35 )
29 )(vs 32 whey
31 hydrolyzed 32 whey
32 whey 34 hwhey
33 ( 34 hwhey
34 hwhey 35 )
37 and 39 effects
37 and 40 of
38 the 39 effects
40 of 41 co
42 - 43 ingesting
43 ingesting 44 leucine
43 ingesting 45 .

methods : twelve copd patients ( gold stage ii - iv ) with nutritional depletion , [were] studied following intake of a 15 g hcas or hwhey protein meal with [or] [without] leucine - co - ingestion , according to a double - blind randomized cross - over design . 
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 patients
2 : 13 with
3 twelve 5 patients
4 copd 5 patients
5 patients 8 stage
6 ( 8 stage
7 gold 8 stage
8 stage 9 ii
8 stage 11 iv
8 stage 12 )
10 - 11 iv
11 iv 12 )
13 with 15 depletion
13 with 19 following
14 nutritional 15 depletion
15 depletion 18 studied
16 , 18 studied
19 following 26 or
20 intake 21 of
20 intake 26 or
21 of 25 hcas
22 a 25 hcas
23 15 24 g
24 g 25 hcas
26 or 29 meal
26 or 30 with
26 or 37 ingestion
27 hwhey 28 protein
28 protein 29 meal
30 with 33 leucine
34 - 37 ingestion
35 co 36 -
35 co 37 ingestion
37 ingestion 38 ,
38 , 40 to
39 according 40 to
40 to 42 double
40 to 43 -
40 to 44 blind
41 a 42 double
44 blind 46 cross
45 randomized 46 cross
46 cross 48 over
47 - 48 over
48 over 49 design
48 over 50 .

the isotopic tracers [l] - [[] ring - [(] 2 )h5 ] - phenylalanine , l - [ ring - ( 2 )h2 ] - tyrosine , l - [ [(] 2 )h3 ] - 3 - methylhistidine ( given via continuous intravenous infusion ) , and l - [[] ( 15 )n []] - phenylalanine ( added to the protein meals [ )(were used to measure endogenous whole - body protein breakdown ( wbpb ) , whole - body protein synthesis ( wbps ) [,] net protein synthesis ( netps ) , splanchnic extraction and myofibrillar protein breakdown ( mpb ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tracers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 the 3 tracers
2 isotopic 3 tracers
5 - 7 ring
5 - 13 -
7 ring 11 )h5
8 - 11 )h5
10 2 11 )h5
11 )h5 12 ]
13 - 14 phenylalanine
13 - 25 -
14 phenylalanine 16 l
14 phenylalanine 19 ring
14 phenylalanine 23 )h2
15 , 16 l
16 l 17 -
18 [ 19 ring
19 ring 20 -
21 ( 23 )h2
22 2 23 )h2
23 )h2 24 ]
25 - 26 tyrosine
25 - 35 -
26 tyrosine 28 l
26 tyrosine 33 )h3
27 , 28 l
28 l 29 -
30 [ 33 )h3
32 2 33 )h3
33 )h3 34 ]
35 - 36 3
35 - 37 -
36 3 37 -
37 - 47 and
38 methylhistidine 40 given
38 methylhistidine 47 and
39 ( 40 given
40 given 41 via
40 given 45 )
41 via 44 infusion
42 continuous 44 infusion
43 intravenous 44 infusion
46 , 47 and
47 and 48 l
47 and 49 -
47 and 55 -
47 and 58 added
51 ( 55 -
52 15 53 )n
53 )n 55 -
55 - 56 phenylalanine
57 ( 58 added
58 added 59 to
58 added 66 to
59 to 61 protein
60 the 61 protein
61 protein 62 meals
61 protein 64 )(were
61 protein 65 used
62 meals 64 )(were
66 to 67 measure
67 measure 73 breakdown
67 measure 79 -
68 endogenous 71 body
69 whole 70 -
69 whole 71 body
71 body 72 protein
72 protein 73 breakdown
73 breakdown 75 wbpb
74 ( 75 wbpb
75 wbpb 76 )
77 , 79 -
78 whole 79 -
79 - 81 protein
80 body 81 protein
81 protein 82 synthesis
81 protein 87 net
82 synthesis 84 wbps
82 synthesis 87 net
83 ( 84 wbps
84 wbps 85 )
87 net 89 synthesis
88 protein 89 synthesis
89 synthesis 91 netps
89 synthesis 99 breakdown
90 ( 91 netps
91 netps 92 )
93 , 99 breakdown
94 splanchnic 95 extraction
95 extraction 96 and
96 and 97 myofibrillar
96 and 99 breakdown
98 protein 99 breakdown
99 breakdown 101 mpb
99 breakdown 103 .
100 ( 101 mpb
101 mpb 102 )

analyses were done in arterialized [-] venous plasma by lc/ms/ms . results : wbps was greater after intake of the hcas protein meal ( p < 0.05 ) whereas the hwhey protein meal reduced wbpb more ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 analyses 2 were
2 were 3 done
3 done 4 in
3 done 9 by
4 in 8 plasma
5 arterialized 8 plasma
7 venous 8 plasma
9 by 10 lc/ms/ms
11 . 12 results
11 . 13 :
11 . 34 reduced
13 : 14 wbps
13 : 15 was
14 wbps 15 was
15 was 16 greater
15 was 29 whereas
16 greater 17 after
16 greater 26 <
17 after 18 intake
18 intake 19 of
19 of 23 meal
20 the 23 meal
21 hcas 22 protein
22 protein 23 meal
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.05
26 < 28 )
29 whereas 33 meal
30 the 33 meal
31 hwhey 32 protein
32 protein 33 meal
33 meal 34 reduced
34 reduced 35 wbpb
34 reduced 36 more
34 reduced 39 <
37 ( 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.01
39 < 41 )

netps was stimulated comparably , with a protein conversion rate greater than 70 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 netps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stimulated
1 netps 2 was
2 was 3 stimulated
3 stimulated 4 comparably
3 stimulated 6 with
5 , 6 with
6 with 10 rate
6 with 15 .
7 a 8 protein
7 a 10 rate
8 protein 10 rate
9 conversion 10 rate
10 rate 11 greater
11 greater 12 than
12 than 14 %
13 70 14 %

addition of leucine did not modify the insulin , wbpb , wbps or mpb response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 modify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 addition 2 of
1 addition 4 did
2 of 3 leucine
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 modify
6 modify 13 or
7 the 8 insulin
8 insulin 9 ,
9 , 10 wbpb
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 wbps
11 , 13 or
13 or 15 response
14 mpb 15 response

conclusions : hydrolyzed casein and whey protein meals comparably and efficiently stimulate whole - body protein anabolism in copd patients with nutritional depletion without an additional effect of leucine co - ingestion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 10 and
3 hydrolyzed 5 and
3 hydrolyzed 9 comparably
3 hydrolyzed 10 and
4 casein 5 and
5 and 8 meals
6 whey 7 protein
7 protein 8 meals
10 and 12 stimulate
10 and 24 without
11 efficiently 12 stimulate
12 stimulate 17 anabolism
12 stimulate 18 in
13 whole 14 -
13 whole 15 body
15 body 16 protein
16 protein 17 anabolism
18 in 20 patients
19 copd 20 patients
20 patients 21 with
21 with 23 depletion
22 nutritional 23 depletion
24 without 27 effect
25 an 26 additional
25 an 27 effect
26 additional 27 effect
27 effect 28 of
28 of 32 ingestion
29 leucine 32 ingestion
30 co 31 -
30 co 32 ingestion

this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct01154400 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 registered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 this 2 trial
2 trial 3 was
3 was 4 registered
4 registered 5 at
4 registered 7 as
5 at 6 clinicaltrials.gov
7 as 8 nct01154400

objectives : to determine the prevalence of antipsychotic use in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 13 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 prevalence
4 determine 10 in
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 9 use
8 antipsychotic 9 use
10 in 12 homes
11 care 12 homes

to [explore] which behaviours care home staff can find difficult to manage and which [non] [-] pharmacological interventions are currently used within care homes to help cope with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 manage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 to 3 which
1 to 6 home
3 which 6 home
4 behaviours 5 care
5 care 6 home
6 home 7 staff
6 home 9 find
7 staff 8 can
8 can 9 find
9 find 10 difficult
10 difficult 11 to
10 difficult 12 manage
11 to 12 manage
13 and 14 which
13 and 21 used
14 which 18 interventions
17 pharmacological 18 interventions
18 interventions 19 are
19 are 21 used
20 currently 21 used
21 used 22 within
21 used 25 to
21 used 27 cope
22 within 24 homes
23 care 24 homes
25 to 26 help
26 help 27 cope
27 cope 28 with
28 with 32 symptoms
29 behavioural 30 and
30 and 31 psychological
30 and 32 symptoms
32 symptoms 33 of
33 of 34 dementia

method : a postal survey sent to all care homes registered as specialising in the care of older people or/and older people with dementia within four counties in the east of england ( n = 747 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 survey
2 : 6 sent
2 : 38 .
3 a 4 postal
3 a 5 survey
4 postal 5 survey
5 survey 6 sent
6 sent 7 to
6 sent 10 homes
6 sent 28 in
7 to 9 care
8 all 9 care
10 homes 11 registered
10 homes 14 in
10 homes 17 of
11 registered 13 specialising
12 as 13 specialising
14 in 16 care
15 the 16 care
17 of 22 people
18 older 19 people
19 people 22 people
20 or/and 22 people
21 older 22 people
22 people 23 with
22 people 25 within
23 with 24 dementia
25 within 27 counties
26 four 27 counties
28 in 30 east
29 the 30 east
30 east 31 of
30 east 35 =
31 of 32 england
33 ( 35 =
34 n 35 =
35 = 36 747
35 = 37 )

results : questionnaires were returned from 299 care home managers ( 40 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 questionnaires
2 : 5 returned
2 : 15 .
3 questionnaires 4 were
4 were 5 returned
5 returned 6 from
6 from 10 managers
7 299 10 managers
8 care 10 managers
9 home 10 managers
10 managers 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 40 13 %
13 % 14 )

the vast majority ( n = 200 , 73 % ) reported [having] at least one resident with an antipsychotic prescription in their home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 majority
2 vast 3 majority
3 majority 6 =
3 majority 10 %
3 majority 12 reported
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 200
8 , 10 %
9 73 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 reported 16 one
12 reported 22 in
14 at 15 least
15 least 16 one
16 one 17 resident
17 resident 18 with
18 with 21 prescription
19 an 20 antipsychotic
19 an 21 prescription
20 antipsychotic 21 prescription
22 in 24 home
23 their 24 home

twelve percent ( n = 1027 [ )(of care home residents were reported to be prescribed antipsychotic medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 percent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 twelve 2 percent
2 percent 5 =
2 percent 12 were
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 1027
6 1027 8 )(of
8 )(of 11 residents
9 care 11 residents
10 home 11 residents
12 were 13 reported
13 reported 14 to
13 reported 15 be
14 to 15 be
15 be 18 medications
16 prescribed 18 medications
17 antipsychotic 18 medications

aggression was most frequently reported , by 37 % ( n = 109 ) of care home managers , as [a] difficult behaviour to manage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aggression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 aggression 2 was
2 was 3 most
3 most 5 reported
3 most 15 of
4 frequently 5 reported
5 reported 7 by
6 , 7 by
7 by 9 %
7 by 14 )
8 37 9 %
9 % 12 =
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 109
15 of 18 managers
16 care 18 managers
17 home 18 managers
18 managers 20 as
19 , 20 as
20 as 23 behaviour
20 as 26 .
22 difficult 23 behaviour
23 behaviour 24 to
23 behaviour 25 manage
24 to 25 manage

[non] - pharmacological interventions were reported to be used in 87 % ( n = 253 [ )(of care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 - 4 interventions
3 pharmacological 4 interventions
4 interventions 5 were
5 were 6 reported
6 reported 7 to
6 reported 9 used
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 used
9 used 10 in
10 in 12 %
11 87 12 %
12 % 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 253
16 253 18 )(of
18 )(of 20 homes
19 care 20 homes

the interventions most commonly used in care homes to manage difficult behaviours were reminiscence ( 75 % , n = 219 ) and music therapy ( 73 % , n = 213 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 )(
1 the 2 interventions
2 interventions 3 most
2 interventions 5 used
2 interventions 13 were
3 most 5 used
4 commonly 5 used
5 used 6 in
5 used 9 to
5 used 10 manage
6 in 8 homes
7 care 8 homes
9 to 10 manage
10 manage 12 behaviours
11 difficult 12 behaviours
13 were 14 reminiscence
14 reminiscence 17 %
14 reminiscence 20 =
15 ( 17 %
16 75 17 %
17 % 18 ,
19 n 20 =
20 = 21 219
20 = 22 )
23 and 25 therapy
23 and 31 =
24 music 25 therapy
25 therapy 28 %
25 therapy 31 =
26 ( 28 %
27 73 28 %
28 % 29 ,
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 213

conclusion : this survey was a first attempt to estimate the use of antipsychotics in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 survey
2 : 5 was
2 : 18 .
3 this 4 survey
4 survey 5 was
5 was 8 attempt
6 a 8 attempt
7 first 8 attempt
8 attempt 9 to
8 attempt 10 estimate
9 to 10 estimate
10 estimate 12 use
10 estimate 15 in
11 the 12 use
12 use 13 of
13 of 14 antipsychotics
15 in 17 homes
16 care 17 homes

despite measures to reduce antipsychotic use for all people with dementia in england , we found that 12 % of care home residents were still prescribed antipsychotic medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 despite 2 measures
1 despite 15 we
3 to 4 reduce
3 to 14 ,
3 to 15 we
4 reduce 6 use
4 reduce 7 for
4 reduce 12 in
5 antipsychotic 6 use
7 for 9 people
8 all 9 people
9 people 10 with
10 with 11 dementia
12 in 13 england
15 we 16 found
16 found 17 that
17 that 19 %
17 that 24 were
18 12 19 %
19 % 20 of
19 % 24 were
20 of 23 residents
21 care 22 home
22 home 23 residents
24 were 28 medication
25 still 26 prescribed
26 prescribed 28 medication
27 antipsychotic 28 medication

around half of all care home managers reported they had experienced behaviours they found difficult . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 managers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 around 2 half
1 around 7 managers
2 half 3 of
3 of 6 home
4 all 6 home
5 care 6 home
7 managers 8 reported
8 reported 9 they
8 reported 11 experienced
9 they 10 had
10 had 11 experienced
11 experienced 12 behaviours
12 behaviours 13 they
12 behaviours 14 found
13 they 14 found
14 found 15 difficult

antipsychotic medications and a variety of [non] [-] pharmacological interventions appear to be used concurrently in many care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 antipsychotic 2 medications
2 medications 3 and
3 and 5 variety
3 and 11 appear
4 a 5 variety
5 variety 6 of
6 of 10 interventions
9 pharmacological 10 interventions
11 appear 12 to
11 appear 14 used
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 used
14 used 15 concurrently
14 used 16 in
16 in 19 homes
17 many 19 homes
18 care 19 homes

background : it has been established that the overall performance of associative memory was disproportionately impaired in contrast to item memory in amci ( amnestic mild cognitive impairment ) patients , but little is known about the specific aspects of the memory process that show differences between amci and healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 6 established
2 : 32 but
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 established
6 established 7 that
7 that 10 performance
7 that 16 impaired
8 the 10 performance
9 overall 10 performance
10 performance 11 of
10 performance 14 was
11 of 13 memory
12 associative 13 memory
14 was 15 disproportionately
14 was 16 impaired
16 impaired 17 in
16 impaired 19 to
16 impaired 22 in
17 in 18 contrast
19 to 21 memory
20 item 21 memory
22 in 30 patients
23 amci 28 impairment
23 amci 29 )
23 amci 30 patients
24 ( 28 impairment
25 amnestic 28 impairment
26 mild 28 impairment
27 cognitive 28 impairment
28 impairment 29 )
31 , 32 but
32 but 33 little
32 but 35 known
33 little 34 is
34 is 35 known
35 known 36 about
35 known 47 between
36 about 39 aspects
37 the 39 aspects
38 specific 39 aspects
39 aspects 40 of
39 aspects 44 that
39 aspects 45 show
40 of 43 process
41 the 43 process
42 memory 43 process
44 that 45 show
45 show 46 differences
47 between 51 controls
48 amci 49 and
49 and 50 healthy
49 and 51 controls

by comparing an item [-] item associative learning test with an individual item learning test , the present study investigated whether the rate of learning was slower in associative memory than in item memory in amci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 by 2 comparing
1 by 19 study
2 comparing 9 test
3 an 9 test
4 item 9 test
6 item 9 test
7 associative 9 test
8 learning 9 test
10 with 15 test
10 with 16 ,
10 with 19 study
11 an 12 individual
11 an 15 test
12 individual 15 test
13 item 15 test
14 learning 15 test
17 the 19 study
18 present 19 study
19 study 20 investigated
20 investigated 21 whether
21 whether 23 rate
21 whether 26 was
22 the 23 rate
23 rate 24 of
23 rate 26 was
24 of 25 learning
26 was 27 slower
27 slower 28 in
27 slower 31 than
27 slower 35 in
28 in 30 memory
29 associative 30 memory
31 than 32 in
32 in 34 memory
33 item 34 memory
35 in 36 amci

furthermore , we examined whether deficits in intertrial acquisition and consolidation contributed to the potential disproportionate impairments in the learning rate of associative memory for amci patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 5 whether
5 whether 6 deficits
5 whether 12 contributed
6 deficits 7 in
6 deficits 12 contributed
7 in 10 and
8 intertrial 9 acquisition
9 acquisition 10 and
10 and 11 consolidation
12 contributed 13 to
12 contributed 18 in
13 to 17 impairments
14 the 17 impairments
15 potential 17 impairments
16 disproportionate 17 impairments
18 in 21 rate
19 the 21 rate
20 learning 21 rate
21 rate 22 of
22 of 24 memory
23 associative 24 memory
24 memory 25 for
25 for 27 patients
26 amci 27 patients

in addition , we further explored whether the amci - discriminative power of the associative memory test increases more than that of the item memory test when the number of learning [-] test trials increases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 6 explored
5 further 6 explored
6 explored 7 whether
6 explored 19 more
6 explored 20 than
7 whether 12 power
7 whether 18 increases
8 the 12 power
9 amci 10 -
9 amci 12 power
11 discriminative 12 power
12 power 13 of
12 power 18 increases
13 of 17 test
14 the 17 test
15 associative 16 memory
16 memory 17 test
20 than 21 that
20 than 22 of
22 of 26 test
23 the 26 test
24 item 26 test
25 memory 26 test
26 test 27 when
27 when 29 number
27 when 35 increases
28 the 29 number
29 number 30 of
29 number 35 increases
30 of 31 learning
31 learning 34 trials
33 test 34 trials

methods : a group of 40 amci patients and 40 matched control participants were administered a standardized item memory test ( auditory verbal learning test , avlt ) and a standardized associative memory test ( paired associative learning test , palt ) , as well as other neuropsychological tests and clinical assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 8 patients
3 a 4 group
4 group 5 of
4 group 8 patients
5 of 8 patients
6 40 8 patients
7 amci 8 patients
9 and 12 control
9 and 15 administered
10 40 11 matched
11 matched 12 control
12 control 13 participants
12 control 14 were
12 control 15 administered
13 participants 14 were
15 administered 20 test
15 administered 45 well
15 administered 46 as
16 a 20 test
17 standardized 19 memory
18 item 19 memory
19 memory 20 test
20 test 29 and
21 ( 29 and
22 auditory 27 avlt
23 verbal 24 learning
24 learning 25 test
25 test 27 avlt
26 , 27 avlt
27 avlt 28 )
27 avlt 29 and
29 and 34 test
29 and 41 palt
29 and 43 ,
30 a 34 test
31 standardized 33 memory
32 associative 33 memory
33 memory 34 test
35 ( 41 palt
36 paired 41 palt
37 associative 38 learning
38 learning 39 test
39 test 41 palt
40 , 41 palt
41 palt 42 )
44 as 45 well
46 as 50 and
47 other 49 tests
48 neuropsychological 49 tests
49 tests 50 and
50 and 52 assessments
51 clinical 52 assessments

results : the results indicated that the learning rate deficits in amci patients were more obvious for associative memory than for item memory and that the deficits resulted from impairments in both intertrial acquisition and consolidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicated
2 : 20 than
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 indicated
5 indicated 6 that
6 that 10 deficits
6 that 14 were
7 the 10 deficits
8 learning 10 deficits
9 rate 10 deficits
10 deficits 11 in
10 deficits 14 were
11 in 13 patients
12 amci 13 patients
14 were 16 obvious
15 more 16 obvious
16 obvious 17 for
17 for 19 memory
18 associative 19 memory
20 than 27 deficits
20 than 28 resulted
21 for 24 and
21 for 27 deficits
22 item 23 memory
23 memory 24 and
24 and 25 that
26 the 27 deficits
27 deficits 28 resulted
28 resulted 29 from
28 resulted 31 in
29 from 30 impairments
31 in 35 and
32 both 33 intertrial
33 intertrial 34 acquisition
34 acquisition 35 and
35 and 36 consolidation

in addition , the receiver operating characteristic curve and logistical regression analysis revealed that the discriminative power of the associative memory test for amci was larger than that of the item memory test , especially with more than one learning - test trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 9 and
4 the 8 curve
5 receiver 6 operating
6 operating 8 curve
7 characteristic 8 curve
8 curve 9 and
9 and 12 analysis
9 and 13 revealed
10 logistical 11 regression
11 regression 12 analysis
13 revealed 14 that
14 that 17 power
14 that 25 was
15 the 17 power
16 discriminative 17 power
17 power 18 of
17 power 25 was
18 of 22 test
19 the 22 test
20 associative 22 test
21 memory 22 test
22 test 23 for
23 for 24 amci
25 was 26 larger
26 larger 27 than
26 larger 36 with
27 than 28 that
27 than 29 of
29 of 33 test
30 the 33 test
31 item 33 test
32 memory 33 test
34 , 35 especially
34 , 36 with
36 with 39 one
36 with 41 -
37 more 38 than
38 than 39 one
39 one 40 learning
41 - 42 test
42 test 43 trials

conclusions : due to more deficits in learning rate of associative memory than that of item memory , the discriminative power for amci tended to be larger in associative memory than in item memory when the number of learning [-] test trials increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 due
2 : 13 than
3 due 4 to
3 due 6 deficits
3 due 9 rate
3 due 10 of
4 to 5 more
6 deficits 7 in
6 deficits 9 rate
7 in 8 learning
10 of 12 memory
11 associative 12 memory
13 than 14 that
13 than 15 of
15 of 17 memory
16 item 17 memory
18 , 26 be
19 the 21 power
20 discriminative 21 power
21 power 22 for
21 power 24 tended
22 for 23 amci
24 tended 25 to
25 to 26 be
26 be 27 larger
27 larger 28 in
27 larger 31 than
28 in 30 memory
29 associative 30 memory
31 than 32 in
32 in 34 memory
33 item 34 memory
34 memory 35 when
34 memory 43 increased
35 when 37 number
35 when 41 test
36 the 37 number
37 number 38 of
37 number 41 test
38 of 39 learning
41 test 42 trials

it is suggested that associative memory tests with multiple trials may be particularly useful for early detection of amci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 suggested
3 suggested 4 that
4 that 7 tests
4 that 12 be
5 associative 6 memory
6 memory 7 tests
7 tests 8 with
7 tests 11 may
8 with 10 trials
9 multiple 10 trials
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 particularly
12 be 14 useful
14 useful 15 for
15 for 17 detection
16 early 17 detection
17 detection 18 of
18 of 19 amci

varicella - zoster virus ( vzv ) causes two distinct diseases , varicella ( chickenpox [ )(and shingles ( herpes zoster ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 varicella
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 varicella 4 virus
1 varicella 8 causes
2 - 4 virus
3 zoster 4 virus
4 virus 6 vzv
4 virus 7 )
5 ( 6 vzv
6 vzv 7 )
8 causes 11 diseases
9 two 11 diseases
10 distinct 11 diseases
11 diseases 13 varicella
12 , 13 varicella
13 varicella 17 )(and
13 varicella 22 )
14 ( 17 )(and
15 chickenpox 17 )(and
17 )(and 18 shingles
17 )(and 21 zoster
17 )(and 22 )
19 ( 21 zoster
20 herpes 21 zoster
21 zoster 22 )

chickenpox [occurs] subsequent to primary infection , while herpes zoster ( usually associated with aging and immunosuppression ) appears as a consequence of reactivation of latent virus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chickenpox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 chickenpox 3 subsequent
1 chickenpox 19 appears
3 subsequent 4 to
3 subsequent 8 while
4 to 6 infection
5 primary 6 infection
7 , 8 while
8 while 9 herpes
8 while 10 zoster
8 while 18 )
9 herpes 10 zoster
10 zoster 14 with
11 ( 12 usually
11 ( 14 with
12 usually 13 associated
14 with 16 and
14 with 18 )
15 aging 16 and
16 and 17 immunosuppression
19 appears 20 as
20 as 22 consequence
21 a 22 consequence
22 consequence 23 of
22 consequence 25 of
23 of 24 reactivation
25 of 27 virus
26 latent 27 virus

the major complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 complication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 complication
2 major 3 complication
3 complication 4 of
3 complication 6 is
4 of 5 shingles
6 is 8 neuralgia
7 postherpetic 8 neuralgia

vaccination strategies to prevent varicella or shingles and the current status of antivirals against vzv will be discussed in this chapter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 varicella
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 vaccination 2 strategies
2 strategies 3 to
2 strategies 4 prevent
2 strategies 5 varicella
3 to 4 prevent
6 or 8 and
6 or 18 discussed
7 shingles 8 and
8 and 11 status
8 and 12 of
8 and 14 against
8 and 16 will
9 the 11 status
10 current 11 status
12 of 13 antivirals
14 against 15 vzv
16 will 17 be
17 be 18 discussed
18 discussed 19 in
19 in 21 chapter
20 this 21 chapter

varivax® , a live - attenuated vaccine , is available for pediatric varicella . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 varivax®
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 varivax® 7 vaccine
1 varivax® 9 is
2 , 7 vaccine
3 a 4 live
3 a 7 vaccine
4 live 5 -
4 live 7 vaccine
6 attenuated 7 vaccine
7 vaccine 8 ,
9 is 10 available
10 available 11 for
11 for 13 varicella
12 pediatric 13 varicella

zostavax® is used to boost vzv - specific cell - mediated immunity in adults older than 50 years , which results in a decrease in the burden of herpes zoster and pain related to postherpetic neuralgia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 zostavax®
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 zostavax® 2 is
2 is 3 used
3 used 4 to
3 used 5 boost
4 to 5 boost
5 boost 6 vzv
7 - 9 cell
7 - 10 -
7 - 37 .
8 specific 9 cell
10 - 12 immunity
10 - 19 ,
11 mediated 12 immunity
12 immunity 13 in
12 immunity 15 older
13 in 14 adults
15 older 16 than
16 than 18 years
17 50 18 years
19 , 20 which
19 , 30 zoster
19 , 31 and
20 which 21 results
21 results 22 in
21 results 25 in
21 results 28 of
21 results 30 zoster
22 in 24 decrease
23 a 24 decrease
25 in 27 burden
26 the 27 burden
28 of 29 herpes
31 and 32 pain
31 and 33 related
32 pain 33 related
33 related 34 to
34 to 36 neuralgia
35 postherpetic 36 neuralgia

regardless of the availability of a vaccine , new antiviral agents are necessary for treatment of vzv infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 agents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 regardless 2 of
2 of 4 availability
2 of 8 ,
2 of 11 agents
3 the 4 availability
4 availability 5 of
5 of 7 vaccine
6 a 7 vaccine
9 new 11 agents
10 antiviral 11 agents
11 agents 12 are
12 are 13 necessary
13 necessary 14 for
14 for 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 of
16 of 18 infections
17 vzv 18 infections

current drugs approved for therapy of vzv infections include nucleoside analogues that target the viral dna polymerase and depend on the viral thymidine kinase for their activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 current 2 drugs
2 drugs 3 approved
2 drugs 6 of
2 drugs 9 include
3 approved 4 for
4 for 5 therapy
6 of 8 infections
7 vzv 8 infections
9 include 11 analogues
9 include 25 for
10 nucleoside 11 analogues
11 analogues 12 that
11 analogues 18 and
12 that 18 and
13 target 17 polymerase
13 target 18 and
14 the 17 polymerase
15 viral 17 polymerase
16 dna 17 polymerase
18 and 19 depend
19 depend 20 on
20 on 24 kinase
21 the 24 kinase
22 viral 24 kinase
23 thymidine 24 kinase
25 for 27 activation
26 their 27 activation

novel anti - vzv drugs have recently been evaluated in clinical trials , including the bicyclic nucleoside analogue fv - 100 , the helicase - primase inhibitor asp2151 , and valomaciclovir ( prodrug of the acyclic guanosine derivative h2g ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 novel 5 drugs
2 anti 3 -
2 anti 5 drugs
4 vzv 5 drugs
5 drugs 6 have
6 have 8 been
7 recently 8 been
8 been 9 evaluated
9 evaluated 10 in
10 in 12 trials
11 clinical 12 trials
12 trials 14 including
12 trials 21 100
13 , 14 including
14 including 19 fv
14 including 20 -
15 the 18 analogue
16 bicyclic 17 nucleoside
17 nucleoside 18 analogue
18 analogue 19 fv
20 - 21 100
21 100 24 helicase
21 100 30 and
21 100 40 )
22 , 24 helicase
23 the 24 helicase
24 helicase 25 -
25 - 30 and
26 primase 27 inhibitor
27 inhibitor 28 asp2151
28 asp2151 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 valomaciclovir
30 and 33 prodrug
30 and 40 )
32 ( 33 prodrug
33 prodrug 34 of
33 prodrug 40 )
34 of 39 h2g
35 the 38 derivative
36 acyclic 37 guanosine
37 guanosine 38 derivative
38 derivative 39 h2g

different candidate vzv drugs have been described in recent years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 different 2 candidate
2 candidate 4 drugs
3 vzv 4 drugs
4 drugs 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 described
7 described 8 in
8 in 10 years
9 recent 10 years

new anti - vzv drugs should be as safe as [and] more effective than current gold standards for the treatment of vzv , that is , acyclovir and its prodrug valacyclovir . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 vzv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 new 4 vzv
2 anti 3 -
2 anti 4 vzv
5 drugs 6 should
6 should 7 be
7 be 9 safe
8 as 9 safe
9 safe 10 as
9 safe 14 than
10 as 13 effective
12 more 13 effective
14 than 28 and
14 than 31 valacyclovir
15 current 17 standards
16 gold 17 standards
17 standards 18 for
17 standards 21 of
17 standards 27 acyclovir
17 standards 28 and
18 for 20 treatment
19 the 20 treatment
21 of 22 vzv
23 , 25 is
24 that 25 is
25 is 26 ,
25 is 27 acyclovir
28 and 30 prodrug
29 its 30 prodrug
30 prodrug 31 valacyclovir

objective : arsenic ( as [ )(exposure may cause several medical problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 arsenic
3 arsenic 9 cause
4 ( 5 as
5 as 7 )(exposure
5 as 9 cause
7 )(exposure 8 may
8 may 9 cause
9 cause 12 problems
9 cause 13 .
10 several 12 problems
11 medical 12 problems

there were a few studies investigated whether it has affected bone tissue in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 studies
3 a 4 few
4 few 5 studies
5 studies 6 investigated
6 investigated 7 whether
7 whether 8 it
7 whether 10 affected
8 it 9 has
9 has 10 affected
10 affected 12 tissue
11 bone 12 tissue
12 tissue 13 in
13 in 14 women

however , there was no study in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 study
5 no 6 study
6 study 7 in
7 in 8 men

the aim of this study was to evaluate associations between bone mineral density ( bmd ) and as exposure in men subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 17 and
9 associations 10 between
9 associations 17 and
10 between 13 density
11 bone 13 density
12 mineral 13 density
13 density 15 bmd
14 ( 15 bmd
15 bmd 16 )
17 and 18 as
17 and 19 exposure
17 and 22 subjects
19 exposure 20 in
19 exposure 22 subjects
20 in 21 men

material and methods : we enrolled in this study 254 subjects who due to chronic as exposure suspected and 82 subjects as a control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 enrolled
4 : 26 .
5 we 6 enrolled
6 enrolled 7 in
6 enrolled 11 subjects
7 in 9 study
8 this 9 study
10 254 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 who
11 subjects 25 group
12 who 19 and
12 who 25 group
13 due 14 to
14 to 16 as
14 to 19 and
15 chronic 16 as
17 exposure 18 suspected
17 exposure 19 and
19 and 21 subjects
19 and 22 as
19 and 25 group
20 82 21 subjects
22 as 24 control
23 a 24 control

hair as levels were detected by a hair analysis ( varian aa240z zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer , usa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 hair 3 levels
2 as 3 levels
3 levels 4 were
4 were 5 detected
5 detected 6 by
6 by 9 analysis
7 a 8 hair
7 a 9 analysis
8 hair 9 analysis
9 analysis 16 spectrometer
9 analysis 18 usa
10 ( 16 spectrometer
11 varian 12 aa240z
12 aa240z 13 zeeman
13 zeeman 14 atomic
14 atomic 15 absorption
15 absorption 16 spectrometer
16 spectrometer 17 ,
17 , 18 usa
18 usa 19 )

bmd measurements were obtained using dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry instrumentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 bmd 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 using
5 using 8 energy
6 dual 7 -
6 dual 8 energy
8 energy 9 x
9 x 10 -
10 - 11 ray
11 ray 13 instrumentation
12 absorptiometry 13 instrumentation

we investigated associations between the hair as levels and bmd measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 associations
2 investigated 4 between
4 between 9 and
5 the 8 levels
6 hair 8 levels
7 as 8 levels
8 levels 9 and
9 and 11 measurements
10 bmd 11 measurements

results : the frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia was found to be 0.8 [%] and 54.5 % , respectively , in the as exposure group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 frequency
2 : 12 be
3 the 4 frequency
4 frequency 5 of
4 frequency 9 was
5 of 7 and
6 osteoporosis 7 and
7 and 8 osteopenia
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 17 %
12 be 19 respectively
12 be 21 in
13 0.8 15 and
15 and 16 54.5
15 and 17 %
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 ,
21 in 25 group
22 the 25 group
23 as 25 group
24 exposure 25 group

the frequency of osteoporosis was found to be 1 % and osteopenia was 32.4 % in control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 of
2 frequency 5 was
3 of 4 osteoporosis
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 10 %
9 1 10 %
11 and 12 osteopenia
11 and 13 was
12 osteopenia 13 was
13 was 18 subjects
14 32.4 16 in
15 % 16 in
16 in 18 subjects
17 control 18 subjects

there [was] significant difference between two groups ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 4 difference
3 significant 4 difference
4 difference 5 between
4 difference 7 groups
5 between 6 two
7 groups 10 <
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.001
10 < 12 )

hair as level has a median 1.01 ( min [:] [0.06] and max : 25.71 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
1 hair 3 level
2 as 3 level
3 level 4 has
4 has 6 median
5 a 6 median
6 median 7 1.01
6 median 12 and
8 ( 12 and
9 min 12 and
12 and 13 max
12 and 14 :
14 : 15 25.71
14 : 17 )(

there were no significant correlation between hair as levels and bmd measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 10 and
3 no 5 correlation
4 significant 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 between
5 correlation 10 and
6 between 9 levels
7 hair 9 levels
8 as 9 levels
10 and 12 measurements
11 bmd 12 measurements

conclusion : according to our observations , as exposure was associated with bone metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 to
3 according 4 to
4 to 6 observations
5 our 6 observations
7 , 9 exposure
7 , 11 associated
8 as 9 exposure
9 exposure 10 was
10 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 metabolism
13 bone 14 metabolism

possible [cause] of osteopenia may be exposure to as . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 possible
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 possible 3 of
1 possible 5 may
3 of 4 osteopenia
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 exposure
7 exposure 8 to
8 to 9 as

further investigations are needed to estimate the relationship between as and bone metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 further 2 investigations
2 investigations 3 are
3 are 11 and
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 6 estimate
4 needed 11 and
5 to 6 estimate
6 estimate 8 relationship
6 estimate 9 between
7 the 8 relationship
9 between 10 as
11 and 12 bone
12 bone 13 metabolism

introduction : overactive [bladder] ( oab ) and its resultant urge urinary incontinence ( uui ) are significant problems that medically [,] psychologically [and] financially affect people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 11 urge
2 : 28 .
3 overactive 6 oab
5 ( 6 oab
6 oab 7 )
6 oab 8 and
8 and 10 resultant
8 and 11 urge
9 its 10 resultant
11 urge 13 incontinence
11 urge 17 are
12 urinary 13 incontinence
13 incontinence 15 uui
13 incontinence 17 are
14 ( 15 uui
15 uui 16 )
17 are 19 problems
18 significant 19 problems
19 problems 20 that
19 problems 26 affect
20 that 26 affect
21 medically 26 affect
23 psychologically 26 affect
25 financially 26 affect
26 affect 27 people

the constellation of symptoms comprising oab affects ∼ 16 % of the adult population and its prevalence increases with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 constellation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 affects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 constellation
2 constellation 3 of
2 constellation 7 affects
3 of 4 symptoms
4 symptoms 5 comprising
5 comprising 6 oab
7 affects 8 ∼
8 ∼ 10 %
8 ∼ 18 increases
9 16 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 18 increases
11 of 15 and
12 the 14 population
13 adult 14 population
14 population 15 and
15 and 17 prevalence
16 its 17 prevalence
18 increases 19 with
19 with 20 aging

the typical class of medications used to treat oab is antimuscarinics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 class
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 class
2 typical 3 class
3 class 4 of
3 class 10 is
4 of 5 medications
5 medications 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 treat
7 to 8 treat
8 treat 9 oab
10 is 11 antimuscarinics

areas covered : oab medications [,] with a focus on tolterodine for the treatment of uui are reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 covered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 areas 2 covered
3 : 5 medications
3 : 18 reviewed
3 : 19 .
4 oab 5 medications
5 medications 7 with
5 medications 10 on
5 medications 15 of
5 medications 17 are
7 with 9 focus
8 a 9 focus
10 on 11 tolterodine
11 tolterodine 12 for
12 for 14 treatment
13 the 14 treatment
15 of 16 uui
17 are 18 reviewed

a thorough review of english language literature using embase/medline and pubmed has been performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 2 thorough
1 a 3 review
2 thorough 3 review
3 review 4 of
3 review 12 has
4 of 7 literature
5 english 6 language
6 language 7 literature
7 literature 8 using
8 using 11 pubmed
9 embase/medline 10 and
10 and 11 pubmed
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 performed

expert opinion : tolterodine provides a reasonable starting point when treating patients with oab and uui . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 opinion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 expert 2 opinion
3 : 4 tolterodine
3 : 5 provides
3 : 17 .
4 tolterodine 5 provides
5 provides 9 point
5 provides 10 when
5 provides 13 with
6 a 7 reasonable
6 a 9 point
7 reasonable 9 point
8 starting 9 point
10 when 11 treating
11 treating 12 patients
13 with 15 and
14 oab 15 and
15 and 16 uui

efficacy and tolerability are generally comparable between tolterodine and other newer antimuscarinics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 efficacy 2 and
2 and 3 tolerability
2 and 4 are
4 are 5 generally
4 are 6 comparable
6 comparable 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 tolterodine 9 and
9 and 12 antimuscarinics
10 other 12 antimuscarinics
11 newer 12 antimuscarinics

tolterodine is a good option as part of the algorithm in the treatment of oab and uui . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tolterodine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 tolterodine 2 is
2 is 5 option
2 is 6 as
2 is 11 in
3 a 4 good
3 a 5 option
4 good 5 option
6 as 7 part
7 part 8 of
8 of 10 algorithm
9 the 10 algorithm
11 in 13 treatment
12 the 13 treatment
13 treatment 14 of
14 of 17 uui
15 oab 16 and
16 and 17 uui

in this study , quantitative analysis of inflammatory effectors -- mast cells and eosinophils -- in derma of people of different ages is performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 analysis
2 this 3 study
5 quantitative 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
6 analysis 16 in
6 analysis 23 is
7 of 9 effectors
8 inflammatory 9 effectors
9 effectors 13 and
10 -- 13 and
11 mast 12 cells
12 cells 13 and
13 and 14 eosinophils
13 and 15 --
16 in 17 derma
17 derma 18 of
18 of 19 people
19 people 20 of
20 of 22 ages
21 different 22 ages
23 is 24 performed

the study shows that mast cell quantity in derma increases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 shows
3 shows 7 quantity
3 shows 8 in
3 shows 11 with
4 that 7 quantity
5 mast 7 quantity
6 cell 7 quantity
8 in 10 increases
9 derma 10 increases
11 with 12 age

eosinophils are rarely observed in human dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eosinophils
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 eosinophils 2 are
2 are 4 observed
3 rarely 4 observed
4 observed 5 in
5 in 7 dermis
6 human 7 dermis

there are no age [-] correlated changes of dermal eosinophils quantity observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 7 changes
2 are 12 observed
3 no 7 changes
4 age 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 changes
7 changes 8 of
8 of 10 eosinophils
9 dermal 10 eosinophils
11 quantity 12 observed

age - correlated dermal fibroblast [quantity] is established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fibroblast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 5 fibroblast
3 correlated 5 fibroblast
4 dermal 5 fibroblast
5 fibroblast 7 is
7 is 8 established

pcna+ fibroblast percentage demonstrating their proliferative pool also reliably decreases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pcna+
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 pcna+ 4 demonstrating
2 fibroblast 4 demonstrating
3 percentage 4 demonstrating
4 demonstrating 7 pool
4 demonstrating 10 decreases
5 their 7 pool
6 proliferative 7 pool
7 pool 10 decreases
8 also 10 decreases
9 reliably 10 decreases
10 decreases 11 with
11 with 12 age

results of correlation analysis show that age [-] correlated increase in mast cells ' quantity is reliably correlated with decrease in total number and percentage of pcna+ fibroblasts in derma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 5 show
2 of 4 analysis
3 correlation 4 analysis
5 show 10 increase
5 show 11 in
5 show 15 quantity
5 show 18 correlated
6 that 10 increase
7 age 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 increase
11 in 12 mast
13 cells 14 '
14 ' 15 quantity
15 quantity 16 is
16 is 18 correlated
17 reliably 18 correlated
18 correlated 19 with
19 with 20 decrease
20 decrease 21 in
20 decrease 26 of
20 decrease 29 in
21 in 24 and
22 total 23 number
23 number 24 and
24 and 25 percentage
26 of 28 fibroblasts
27 pcna+ 28 fibroblasts
29 in 30 derma

consequently , age - correlated increase [in] dermal mast [cell] may be proposed to be one of the inflammatory and aging mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 age
4 - 9 mast
4 - 13 proposed
5 correlated 6 increase
6 increase 9 mast
8 dermal 9 mast
9 mast 11 may
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 proposed
13 proposed 14 to
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 one
16 one 17 of
17 of 20 and
18 the 19 inflammatory
19 inflammatory 20 and
20 and 22 mechanisms
21 aging 22 mechanisms

mast cells , whose number increases with aging , may influence dermal fibroblast [number] with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mast 2 cells
2 cells 4 whose
2 cells 10 may
3 , 4 whose
4 whose 6 increases
4 whose 9 ,
5 number 6 increases
6 increases 7 with
6 increases 8 aging
7 with 8 aging
10 may 11 influence
11 influence 13 fibroblast
11 influence 15 with
12 dermal 13 fibroblast
15 with 16 aging

it was revealed that beta [-] endorphin modulation of lymphocyte proliferative activity in male donors was predominantly observed under younger age groups of 20 - 29 and 30 - 39 years , while with age it gradually decreased and disappeared as such [in] group of donors under 50 - 60 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
3 revealed 19 under
3 revealed 33 while
3 revealed 41 as
4 that 8 modulation
4 that 16 was
5 beta 8 modulation
7 endorphin 8 modulation
8 modulation 9 of
8 modulation 16 was
9 of 12 activity
10 lymphocyte 12 activity
11 proliferative 12 activity
12 activity 13 in
13 in 15 donors
14 male 15 donors
16 was 18 observed
17 predominantly 18 observed
19 under 22 groups
20 younger 22 groups
21 age 22 groups
22 groups 23 of
23 of 24 20
24 20 27 and
25 - 27 and
26 29 27 and
27 and 28 30
27 and 31 years
27 and 32 ,
29 - 31 years
30 39 31 years
31 years 32 ,
33 while 36 it
33 while 39 and
34 with 35 age
34 with 36 it
36 it 39 and
37 gradually 38 decreased
38 decreased 39 and
39 and 40 disappeared
41 as 46 donors
42 such 44 group
44 group 45 of
44 group 46 donors
45 of 46 donors
46 donors 47 under
47 under 51 years
48 50 49 -
49 - 50 60
49 - 51 years

meanwhile , females demonstrated prolonged modulating effect of [peptide] on the proliferation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 females
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 prolonged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 meanwhile 2 ,
1 meanwhile 3 females
3 females 4 demonstrated
3 females 5 prolonged
5 prolonged 7 effect
6 modulating 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 10 on
10 on 12 proliferation
11 the 12 proliferation

male donors in age group of 20 - 29 years demonstrated beta - endorphin - stimulated and [in] age group of 50 - 59 years beta - endorphin - suppressed uptake capacity of neutrophils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 donors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 uptake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 male 2 donors
2 donors 3 in
2 donors 31 uptake
3 in 17 and
4 age 5 group
5 group 6 of
5 group 16 stimulated
5 group 17 and
6 of 12 beta
7 20 8 -
8 - 10 years
8 - 11 demonstrated
9 29 10 years
11 demonstrated 12 beta
12 beta 14 endorphin
13 - 14 endorphin
14 endorphin 15 -
17 and 20 group
17 and 21 of
17 and 30 suppressed
19 age 20 group
21 of 25 years
22 50 23 -
23 - 24 59
23 - 25 years
25 years 26 beta
25 years 30 suppressed
26 beta 28 endorphin
26 beta 30 suppressed
27 - 28 endorphin
28 endorphin 29 -
31 uptake 32 capacity
32 capacity 33 of
33 of 34 neutrophils

in female donors from all age groups the effect of beta - endorphin on neutrophil phagocyte activity was not observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 in 3 donors
1 in 6 age
2 female 3 donors
3 donors 4 from
4 from 5 all
6 age 7 groups
7 groups 9 effect
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
10 of 11 beta
12 - 13 endorphin
12 - 20 observed
12 - 21 .
13 endorphin 14 on
13 endorphin 18 was
14 on 17 activity
15 neutrophil 17 activity
16 phagocyte 17 activity
18 was 19 not
18 was 20 observed

introduction : hypermutation and selection processes , characterizing t - dependent b cell responses taking place in germinal centers of lymph nodes , lead to b cell receptor affinity maturation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 24 lead
2 : 31 .
3 hypermutation 4 and
4 and 6 processes
4 and 8 characterizing
4 and 14 responses
4 and 24 lead
5 selection 6 processes
7 , 8 characterizing
8 characterizing 9 t
8 characterizing 10 -
10 - 14 responses
11 dependent 12 b
11 dependent 14 responses
13 cell 14 responses
14 responses 15 taking
14 responses 23 ,
15 taking 16 place
15 taking 17 in
17 in 19 centers
18 germinal 19 centers
19 centers 20 of
20 of 22 nodes
21 lymph 22 nodes
24 lead 25 to
24 lead 30 maturation
25 to 26 b
27 cell 30 maturation
28 receptor 29 affinity
29 affinity 30 maturation

those immune responses lead to the development of memory b cells and plasma cells that secrete high amounts of antibody molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 those 3 responses
2 immune 3 responses
3 responses 4 lead
4 lead 5 to
5 to 7 development
6 the 7 development
7 development 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 memory 10 b
9 memory 11 cells
11 cells 12 and
12 and 14 cells
12 and 15 that
12 and 16 secrete
13 plasma 14 cells
15 that 16 secrete
16 secrete 18 amounts
17 high 18 amounts
18 amounts 19 of
19 of 21 molecules
20 antibody 21 molecules

[the] [dynamics] of b cell clonal evolution during affinity maturation has significant importance in infectious and autoimmune diseases , malignancies and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
3 of 4 b
3 of 7 evolution
5 cell 7 evolution
6 clonal 7 evolution
7 evolution 8 during
7 evolution 11 has
8 during 10 maturation
9 affinity 10 maturation
11 has 13 importance
11 has 14 in
12 significant 13 importance
14 in 21 and
15 infectious 16 and
16 and 17 autoimmune
16 and 18 diseases
18 diseases 19 ,
19 , 20 malignancies
19 , 21 and
21 and 22 aging

immunoglobulin ( ig ) gene mutational lineage tree construction by comparing variable regions of ig [-] gene sequences to the ig germline gene is an interesting approach for studying [b] cell clonal evolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 construction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 immunoglobulin 3 ig
1 immunoglobulin 5 gene
2 ( 3 ig
3 ig 4 )
5 gene 9 construction
6 mutational 8 tree
7 lineage 8 tree
8 tree 9 construction
9 construction 10 by
9 construction 24 is
10 by 11 comparing
11 comparing 13 regions
11 comparing 19 to
12 variable 13 regions
13 regions 14 of
14 of 18 sequences
15 ig 18 sequences
17 gene 18 sequences
19 to 23 gene
20 the 23 gene
21 ig 22 germline
22 germline 23 gene
24 is 27 approach
25 an 26 interesting
25 an 27 approach
26 interesting 27 approach
27 approach 28 for
28 for 29 studying
29 studying 33 evolution
31 cell 33 evolution
32 clonal 33 evolution

lineage tree shapes and ig gene mutations can be evaluated [not] only qualitatively and intuitively , [but] also quantitatively , and thus reveal important information related to hypermutation and selection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lineage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 tree 3 shapes
3 shapes 4 and
4 and 7 mutations
4 and 8 can
5 ig 7 mutations
6 gene 7 mutations
8 can 21 and
9 be 10 evaluated
9 be 21 and
10 evaluated 12 only
10 evaluated 14 and
10 evaluated 19 quantitatively
13 qualitatively 14 and
14 and 15 intuitively
16 , 18 also
16 , 19 quantitatively
19 quantitatively 20 ,
21 and 23 reveal
22 thus 23 reveal
23 reveal 25 information
23 reveal 26 related
24 important 25 information
25 information 26 related
26 related 27 to
27 to 29 and
28 hypermutation 29 and
29 and 30 selection

aim : in this paper we describe the experimental protocols that we used for pcr amplification of igvariable region genes from human formalin fixed paraffin embedded reactive lymph node tissues and the subsequent bioinformatical analyses of sequencing data using ig mutational lineage trees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 we
2 : 7 describe
2 : 44 .
3 in 5 paper
3 in 6 we
4 this 5 paper
6 we 7 describe
7 describe 10 protocols
7 describe 14 for
7 describe 21 from
7 describe 39 using
8 the 10 protocols
9 experimental 10 protocols
10 protocols 11 that
10 protocols 13 used
11 that 12 we
11 that 13 used
12 we 13 used
14 for 16 amplification
15 pcr 16 amplification
16 amplification 17 of
17 of 20 genes
18 igvariable 19 region
19 region 20 genes
21 from 31 and
22 human 23 formalin
23 formalin 24 fixed
24 fixed 25 paraffin
25 paraffin 30 tissues
26 embedded 29 node
27 reactive 29 node
28 lymph 29 node
29 node 30 tissues
30 tissues 31 and
31 and 35 analyses
31 and 36 of
32 the 35 analyses
33 subsequent 35 analyses
34 bioinformatical 35 analyses
36 of 37 sequencing
37 sequencing 38 data
39 using 43 trees
40 ig 43 trees
41 mutational 43 trees
42 lineage 43 trees

results : [b] cell populations of three out of four reactive lymph node tissues were composed of several clones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 populations
2 : 16 composed
2 : 20 .
4 cell 5 populations
5 populations 6 of
5 populations 9 of
5 populations 15 were
6 of 7 three
8 out 9 of
9 of 14 tissues
10 four 14 tissues
11 reactive 14 tissues
12 lymph 14 tissues
13 node 14 tissues
15 were 16 composed
16 composed 17 of
17 of 19 clones
18 several 19 clones

most of the ig gene mutational lineage trees were small and narrow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 trees
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 8 trees
2 of 8 trees
3 the 8 trees
4 ig 5 gene
5 gene 8 trees
6 mutational 7 lineage
7 lineage 8 trees
8 trees 9 were
9 were 11 and
10 small 11 and
11 and 12 narrow

significant differences were not detected by quantification of lineage trees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 significant 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 by
4 not 5 detected
6 by 7 quantification
7 quantification 8 of
8 of 10 trees
9 lineage 10 trees

summary : [b] lymphocyte clones that were detected in human reactive lymph node tissues represent major responding clones in [normal] [polyclonal] [immune] response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 clones
2 : 15 represent
4 lymphocyte 5 clones
5 clones 6 that
5 clones 7 were
5 clones 15 represent
6 that 7 were
7 were 8 detected
8 detected 9 in
9 in 14 tissues
10 human 14 tissues
11 reactive 12 lymph
12 lymph 14 tissues
13 node 14 tissues
15 represent 18 clones
15 represent 23 response
16 major 18 clones
17 responding 18 clones
19 in 23 response

this result is in line with the polyclonal profile of b lymphocyte populations that reside in reactive lymph node tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 result
2 result 3 is
3 is 5 line
3 is 6 with
4 in 5 line
6 with 9 profile
6 with 13 populations
7 the 9 profile
8 polyclonal 9 profile
9 profile 10 of
10 of 11 b
12 lymphocyte 13 populations
13 populations 14 that
13 populations 15 reside
14 that 15 reside
15 reside 16 in
16 in 20 tissues
17 reactive 18 lymph
18 lymph 20 tissues
19 node 20 tissues

a significant number of older asthmatics , more [often] than in previous ages , have poorly controlled asthma , leading to increased morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 controlled
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 number
2 significant 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 8 more
3 number 15 have
4 of 6 asthmatics
5 older 6 asthmatics
7 , 8 more
8 more 10 than
8 more 14 ,
10 than 11 in
11 in 13 ages
12 previous 13 ages
15 have 17 controlled
16 poorly 17 controlled
17 controlled 18 asthma
17 controlled 20 leading
19 , 20 leading
20 leading 21 to
20 leading 26 .
21 to 24 and
22 increased 23 morbidity
23 morbidity 24 and
24 and 25 mortality

inhaled corticosteroids are the cornerstone for older asthmatics , eventually [with] add - on inhaled long - acting beta - agonists ; inhaled short acting beta - agonists can be used as rescue medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 corticosteroids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 inhaled 2 corticosteroids
2 corticosteroids 3 are
3 are 5 cornerstone
4 the 5 cornerstone
5 cornerstone 6 for
6 for 8 asthmatics
7 older 8 asthmatics
9 , 12 add
9 , 22 ;
10 eventually 12 add
12 add 14 on
13 - 14 on
14 on 21 agonists
14 on 22 ;
15 inhaled 21 agonists
16 long 19 beta
16 long 21 agonists
17 - 19 beta
18 acting 19 beta
19 beta 20 -
22 ; 26 beta
22 ; 27 -
23 inhaled 24 short
24 short 26 beta
25 acting 26 beta
27 - 28 agonists
27 - 31 used
27 - 35 .
28 agonists 29 can
29 can 30 be
30 be 31 used
31 used 32 as
32 as 34 medications
33 rescue 34 medications

triggers exacerbating asthma are similar for all ages , but inhaled viruses and drug interactions have greater clinical significance in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 triggers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 triggers 2 exacerbating
1 triggers 4 are
2 exacerbating 3 asthma
4 are 5 similar
5 similar 6 for
6 for 8 ages
7 all 8 ages
9 , 10 but
10 but 13 and
10 but 16 have
11 inhaled 12 viruses
12 viruses 13 and
13 and 15 interactions
13 and 16 have
14 drug 15 interactions
16 have 19 significance
16 have 20 in
17 greater 19 significance
18 clinical 19 significance
20 in 22 elderly
21 the 22 elderly

older asthmatics have an increased likelihood of comorbidities and polypharmacy , with possible worsening of asthma control and reduced treatment adherence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 asthmatics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 older 2 asthmatics
2 asthmatics 3 have
3 have 18 and
4 an 18 and
5 increased 6 likelihood
6 likelihood 7 of
6 likelihood 9 and
7 of 8 comorbidities
9 and 10 polypharmacy
9 and 11 ,
9 and 12 with
9 and 18 and
12 with 14 worsening
13 possible 14 worsening
14 worsening 15 of
15 of 17 control
16 asthma 17 control
18 and 21 adherence
19 reduced 20 treatment
20 treatment 21 adherence

physicians and older asthmatics probably either do not [perceive] or accept a poor asthma control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 physicians 2 and
2 and 4 asthmatics
2 and 10 or
3 older 4 asthmatics
5 probably 7 do
6 either 7 do
7 do 8 not
7 do 10 or
10 or 11 accept
11 accept 15 control
12 a 13 poor
12 a 15 control
13 poor 14 asthma
14 asthma 15 control

we conclude that specific instruments addressed to evaluate asthma control in the elderly with concomitant comorbidities and measurements for improving self - management and adherence could assure better disease control in older asthmatics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 5 instruments
3 that 4 specific
4 specific 5 instruments
5 instruments 6 addressed
6 addressed 7 to
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 control
8 evaluate 11 in
9 asthma 10 control
11 in 21 self
12 the 21 self
13 elderly 14 with
13 elderly 17 and
14 with 16 comorbidities
15 concomitant 16 comorbidities
17 and 18 measurements
17 and 19 for
17 and 21 self
19 for 20 improving
22 - 24 and
22 - 27 assure
22 - 34 .
23 management 24 and
24 and 25 adherence
24 and 26 could
26 could 27 assure
27 assure 30 control
27 assure 31 in
28 better 29 disease
29 disease 30 control
31 in 33 asthmatics
32 older 33 asthmatics

purpose : this paper examines the influence of age on several attributes of sensorimotor performance while performing a reaching task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 paper
2 : 5 examines
2 : 21 .
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 5 examines
5 examines 7 influence
5 examines 10 on
5 examines 16 while
6 the 7 influence
7 influence 8 of
8 of 9 age
10 on 12 attributes
11 several 12 attributes
12 attributes 13 of
13 of 15 performance
14 sensorimotor 15 performance
16 while 17 performing
17 performing 20 task
18 a 20 task
19 reaching 20 task

our hypothesis , based on previous studies , is that aged persons will show differences in one or more of the attributes of sensorimotor performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 hypothesis
2 hypothesis 4 based
2 hypothesis 9 is
3 , 4 based
4 based 5 on
4 based 8 ,
5 on 7 studies
6 previous 7 studies
9 is 10 that
10 that 12 persons
10 that 14 show
11 aged 12 persons
12 persons 13 will
13 will 14 show
14 show 15 differences
14 show 18 or
15 differences 16 in
16 in 17 one
18 or 22 attributes
19 more 20 of
19 more 22 attributes
20 of 22 attributes
21 the 22 attributes
22 attributes 23 of
23 of 25 performance
24 sensorimotor 25 performance

patients and methods : fifty - one subjects ( aged 20 - 80 years ) with no known neuromotor disorders of the upper limbs participated in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 fifty
4 : 16 with
5 fifty 7 one
5 fifty 8 subjects
5 fifty 10 aged
5 fifty 14 years
6 - 7 one
7 one 8 subjects
9 ( 10 aged
10 aged 11 20
10 aged 12 -
12 - 14 years
13 80 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 with 20 disorders
16 with 28 study
17 no 20 disorders
18 known 19 neuromotor
19 neuromotor 20 disorders
20 disorders 21 of
21 of 23 upper
22 the 23 upper
23 upper 24 limbs
23 upper 26 in
24 limbs 25 participated
25 participated 26 in
27 the 28 study

subjects were asked to grasp the end - [effector] of a pneumatic robotic device with two degrees of freedom in order to reach peripheral targets ( 1.0 cm radius ) , " quickly and accurately " , from a centrally located target ( 1.0 cm radius ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 asked
3 asked 4 to
3 asked 5 grasp
4 to 5 grasp
5 grasp 7 end
5 grasp 34 and
5 grasp 38 from
6 the 7 end
7 end 10 of
8 - 10 of
10 of 14 device
10 of 31 ,
11 a 12 pneumatic
11 a 14 device
12 pneumatic 14 device
13 robotic 14 device
14 device 15 with
14 device 18 of
15 with 17 degrees
16 two 17 degrees
18 of 19 freedom
19 freedom 20 in
20 in 21 order
21 order 22 to
21 order 23 reach
22 to 23 reach
23 reach 25 targets
24 peripheral 25 targets
25 targets 29 radius
26 ( 29 radius
27 1.0 28 cm
28 cm 29 radius
29 radius 30 )
31 , 32 "
33 quickly 34 and
34 and 35 accurately
35 accurately 36 "
37 , 38 from
38 from 42 target
38 from 47 )
39 a 42 target
40 centrally 41 located
41 located 42 target
42 target 46 radius
43 ( 46 radius
44 1.0 45 cm
45 cm 46 radius
46 radius 47 )

subjects began each trial by holding the hand within the central target for 2000 milliseconds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 began
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 subjects 2 began
2 began 4 trial
2 began 5 by
3 each 4 trial
5 by 6 holding
6 holding 8 hand
6 holding 9 within
7 the 8 hand
9 within 12 target
10 the 12 target
11 central 12 target
12 target 13 for
13 for 15 milliseconds
14 2000 15 milliseconds

afterwards , a peripheral target was illuminated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 afterwards
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
2 , 5 target
2 , 7 illuminated
3 a 4 peripheral
3 a 5 target
4 peripheral 5 target
5 target 6 was
6 was 7 illuminated

then participants were given 3000 milliseconds to complete the movement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 then 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 given
4 given 6 milliseconds
4 given 7 to
5 3000 6 milliseconds
7 to 8 complete
8 complete 10 movement
9 the 10 movement

when a target was reached , the participant had to return to the central target in order to start a new trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 participant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 when 3 target
1 when 5 reached
1 when 6 ,
1 when 8 participant
2 a 3 target
3 target 4 was
4 was 5 reached
5 reached 6 ,
7 the 8 participant
8 participant 9 had
9 had 10 to
9 had 11 return
10 to 11 return
11 return 12 to
11 return 16 in
12 to 15 target
13 the 15 target
14 central 15 target
16 in 17 order
17 order 18 to
17 order 19 start
18 to 19 start
19 start 22 trial
20 a 22 trial
21 new 22 trial

a total of 64 trials were completed and each peripheral target was illuminated in a random block design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 were
3 of 5 trials
4 64 5 trials
6 were 7 completed
8 and 11 target
8 and 13 illuminated
9 each 11 target
10 peripheral 11 target
11 target 12 was
12 was 13 illuminated
13 illuminated 14 in
14 in 18 design
15 a 16 random
15 a 18 design
16 random 17 block
17 block 18 design

results : subjects were divided into three groups according to age : group 1 ( age 20 - 40 years ) , group 2 ( age 41 - 60 years ) , and group 3 ( age 61 - 80 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 11 age
3 subjects 4 were
4 were 5 divided
5 divided 6 into
6 into 7 three
7 three 8 groups
8 groups 9 according
9 according 10 to
10 to 11 age
12 : 33 and
12 : 43 .
13 group 14 1
13 group 33 and
14 1 20 years
14 1 23 group
15 ( 20 years
16 age 20 years
17 20 18 -
18 - 19 40
18 - 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 , 23 group
23 group 24 2
23 group 26 age
23 group 32 ,
25 ( 26 age
26 age 27 41
26 age 30 years
26 age 32 ,
28 - 30 years
29 60 30 years
30 years 31 )
33 and 34 group
34 group 35 3
35 3 41 years
36 ( 41 years
37 age 41 years
38 61 39 -
39 - 40 80
39 - 41 years
41 years 42 )

the kruskal [-] wallis test showed significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) between groups , except for the variables postural speed in the dominant arm , and postural speed and initial deviation in the [non] [-] dominant arm ( p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
1 the 5 test
2 kruskal 4 wallis
4 wallis 5 test
5 test 6 showed
6 showed 8 differences
6 showed 14 between
7 significant 8 differences
8 differences 11 <
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.05
11 < 13 )
14 between 15 groups
15 groups 17 except
16 , 17 except
17 except 18 for
17 except 45 .
18 for 31 and
19 the 22 speed
20 variables 22 speed
21 postural 22 speed
22 speed 23 in
22 speed 28 and
23 in 26 arm
24 the 26 arm
25 dominant 26 arm
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 speed
28 and 31 and
29 postural 30 speed
31 and 33 deviation
31 and 34 in
32 initial 33 deviation
34 in 39 arm
35 the 39 arm
38 dominant 39 arm
39 arm 42 >
40 ( 42 >
41 p 42 >
42 > 43 0.05
42 > 44 )

these results suggest that age introduces significant differences [in] [upper] - limb motor function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 age
4 that 6 introduces
5 age 6 introduces
6 introduces 8 differences
7 significant 8 differences
11 - 14 function
11 - 15 .
12 limb 14 function
13 motor 14 function

conclusion : our findings show that there are objective differences in sensorimotor function due [to] age , and that these differences are greater for the dominant arm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 show
2 : 28 .
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 show
5 show 6 that
5 show 7 there
5 show 8 are
7 there 8 are
8 are 10 differences
9 objective 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 23 greater
11 in 18 and
12 sensorimotor 16 age
13 function 16 age
14 due 16 age
16 age 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 that
18 and 21 differences
18 and 22 are
20 these 21 differences
21 differences 22 are
23 greater 24 for
24 for 27 arm
25 the 27 arm
26 dominant 27 arm

therefore for the assessment [of] upper - limb function , we should take into account the influence of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 therefore 11 we
2 for 9 function
2 for 10 ,
2 for 11 we
3 the 9 function
4 assessment 9 function
6 upper 7 -
6 upper 8 limb
8 limb 9 function
11 we 12 should
12 should 13 take
13 take 15 account
13 take 17 influence
14 into 15 account
16 the 17 influence
17 influence 18 of
18 of 19 age

moreover , these results suggest that robotic systems can provide a new and effective approach in the assessment [of] sensorimotor function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 results
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 systems
6 that 10 provide
7 robotic 8 systems
8 systems 9 can
9 can 10 provide
10 provide 15 approach
10 provide 16 in
11 a 15 approach
12 new 13 and
13 and 14 effective
13 and 15 approach
16 in 21 function
17 the 21 function
18 assessment 21 function
20 sensorimotor 21 function

background : the effects of age on clinical presentation , treatment , and outcomes for patients with small - cell carcinoma of the prostate ( sccp ) are unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 effects
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
5 of 6 age
6 age 7 on
7 on 9 presentation
8 clinical 9 presentation
10 , 13 and
10 , 28 are
11 treatment 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 outcomes
13 and 15 for
13 and 17 with
13 and 22 of
13 and 26 sccp
13 and 28 are
15 for 16 patients
17 with 21 carcinoma
18 small 19 -
18 small 20 cell
20 cell 21 carcinoma
22 of 24 prostate
23 the 24 prostate
25 ( 26 sccp
26 sccp 27 )
28 are 29 unclear

methods : a retrospective review was performed on 259 patients who were identified with sccp in the national surveillance , epidemiology , and end results ( seer ) registry from january 1973 to december 2004 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 19 surveillance
2 : 20 ,
2 : 36 .
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 19 surveillance
4 retrospective 5 review
5 review 6 was
6 was 7 performed
7 performed 8 on
7 performed 14 with
8 on 10 patients
9 259 10 patients
10 patients 11 who
10 patients 12 were
11 who 12 were
12 were 13 identified
14 with 15 sccp
15 sccp 16 in
16 in 18 national
17 the 18 national
20 , 23 and
21 epidemiology 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 29 registry
23 and 30 from
23 and 33 to
24 end 25 results
25 results 27 seer
26 ( 27 seer
27 seer 28 )
27 seer 29 registry
30 from 31 january
31 january 32 1973
33 to 34 december
34 december 35 2004

the patients were categorized into two groups according to age at diagnosis , ie , younger than 75 years ( n = 158 , 61 % ) or 75 years and older ( n = 101 , 39 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 categorized
4 categorized 5 into
4 categorized 9 to
5 into 7 groups
6 two 7 groups
8 according 9 to
9 to 10 age
10 age 11 at
10 age 16 younger
11 at 12 diagnosis
12 diagnosis 14 ie
13 , 14 ie
14 ie 15 ,
16 younger 17 than
16 younger 31 and
16 younger 35 =
17 than 18 75
19 years 22 =
19 years 26 %
19 years 28 or
20 ( 22 =
21 n 22 =
22 = 23 158
24 , 26 %
25 61 26 %
26 % 27 )
28 or 30 years
28 or 31 and
29 75 30 years
31 and 32 older
33 ( 35 =
34 n 35 =
35 = 36 101
36 101 39 %
37 , 39 %
38 39 39 %
39 % 40 )

patient and treatment characteristics and cancer - specific survival were compared between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 patient 2 and
2 and 4 characteristics
2 and 5 and
3 treatment 4 characteristics
5 and 6 cancer
7 - 9 survival
7 - 11 compared
7 - 15 .
8 specific 9 survival
9 survival 10 were
10 were 11 compared
11 compared 12 between
12 between 14 groups
13 the 14 groups

multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors associated with cancer - specific survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 multivariate 2 analysis
1 multivariate 6 identify
1 multivariate 10 associated
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 to
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 9 factors
7 independent 9 factors
8 prognostic 9 factors
10 associated 11 with
11 with 12 cancer
13 - 15 survival
14 specific 15 survival

results : the median age of the patients was 72 ( 30 - 95 ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 age
2 : 9 was
2 : 17 .
3 the 5 age
4 median 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 9 was
6 of 8 patients
7 the 8 patients
9 was 16 years
10 72 16 years
11 ( 13 -
12 30 13 -
13 - 14 95
13 - 15 )
13 - 16 years

there was no significant difference in terms of tumor characteristics , concomitant adenocarcinoma grade , seer stage , and treatment ( including prostatectomy and radiation therapy ) received between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
6 in 7 terms
7 terms 8 of
8 of 10 characteristics
9 tumor 10 characteristics
11 , 19 and
11 , 28 received
12 concomitant 14 grade
13 adenocarcinoma 14 grade
14 grade 15 ,
15 , 17 stage
15 , 19 and
16 seer 17 stage
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 treatment
19 and 24 and
19 and 28 received
21 ( 24 and
22 including 23 prostatectomy
23 prostatectomy 24 and
24 and 26 therapy
24 and 27 )
25 radiation 26 therapy
28 received 29 between
29 between 31 groups
30 the 31 groups

median cancer - specific survival was 19 months ( 95 % confidence interval 13 - 25 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 median 2 cancer
3 - 5 survival
3 - 6 was
4 specific 5 survival
5 survival 6 was
6 was 8 months
7 19 8 months
8 months 13 interval
9 ( 13 interval
10 95 11 %
11 % 13 interval
12 confidence 13 interval
13 interval 15 -
13 interval 17 )
14 13 15 -
15 - 16 25

conclusion : older patients with sccp had increased risk of poor cancer - specific survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 8 increased
2 : 13 -
2 : 16 .
3 older 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 7 had
5 with 6 sccp
7 had 8 increased
8 increased 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 12 cancer
11 poor 12 cancer
13 - 15 survival
14 specific 15 survival

whether this age [-] related poor outcome can be attributed to more aggressive tumor biology in older patients , or is simply a refection of age - related poor performance status and suboptimal chemotherapy needs further investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 whether 7 outcome
1 whether 20 or
1 whether 36 further
2 this 7 outcome
3 age 5 related
5 related 7 outcome
6 poor 7 outcome
7 outcome 20 or
8 can 9 be
8 can 20 or
9 be 10 attributed
10 attributed 11 to
10 attributed 16 in
11 to 15 biology
12 more 13 aggressive
13 aggressive 14 tumor
14 tumor 15 biology
16 in 18 patients
17 older 18 patients
19 , 20 or
20 or 21 is
21 is 22 simply
21 is 24 refection
23 a 24 refection
24 refection 25 of
25 of 26 age
27 - 28 related
28 related 32 and
28 related 36 further
29 poor 30 performance
30 performance 31 status
31 status 32 and
32 and 35 needs
33 suboptimal 34 chemotherapy
34 chemotherapy 35 needs
36 further 37 investigation

background : little is known about recovery of female sexual function following [an] acute myocardial infarction ( mi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 little
2 : 5 known
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
6 about 7 recovery
7 recovery 8 of
8 of 16 infarction
9 female 12 following
10 sexual 11 function
11 function 12 following
12 following 16 infarction
14 acute 16 infarction
15 myocardial 16 infarction
16 infarction 18 mi
17 ( 18 mi
18 mi 19 )

interventions to [improve] sexual outcomes in women are limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 interventions 2 to
1 interventions 8 are
2 to 5 outcomes
4 sexual 5 outcomes
5 outcomes 6 in
6 in 7 women
8 are 9 limited

methods and results : semistructured , qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with 17 partnered women ( aged 43 to 75 years ) purposively selected from the translational research investigating underlying disparities in acute myocardial infarction patients ' health status registry to deepen knowledge of recovery of female sexual function following an acute myocardial infarction ( mi ) and to improve sexual outcomes in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 9 interviews
4 : 58 and
4 : 65 .
5 semistructured 6 ,
5 semistructured 9 interviews
7 qualitative 8 telephone
8 telephone 9 interviews
9 interviews 58 and
10 were 11 conducted
10 were 58 and
11 conducted 12 with
12 with 13 17
12 with 54 infarction
13 17 15 women
13 17 24 selected
14 partnered 15 women
15 women 17 aged
15 women 24 selected
16 ( 17 aged
17 aged 18 43
17 aged 19 to
17 aged 22 )
19 to 21 years
20 75 21 years
23 purposively 24 selected
24 selected 25 from
24 selected 41 to
25 from 40 registry
26 the 40 registry
27 translational 28 research
28 research 29 investigating
29 investigating 30 underlying
30 underlying 31 disparities
31 disparities 32 in
31 disparities 39 status
32 in 38 health
33 acute 34 myocardial
34 myocardial 35 infarction
35 infarction 36 patients
36 patients 37 '
37 ' 38 health
39 status 40 registry
41 to 42 deepen
42 deepen 43 knowledge
43 knowledge 44 of
43 knowledge 46 of
44 of 45 recovery
46 of 50 following
47 female 50 following
48 sexual 49 function
49 function 50 following
51 an 54 infarction
52 acute 54 infarction
53 myocardial 54 infarction
54 infarction 56 mi
55 ( 56 mi
56 mi 57 )
58 and 60 improve
58 and 63 in
59 to 60 improve
60 improve 62 outcomes
61 sexual 62 outcomes
63 in 64 women

sixteen women had a monogamous relationship with a male spouse ; 1 had a long - term female partner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 sixteen 2 women
2 women 3 had
3 had 6 relationship
3 had 7 with
4 a 5 monogamous
4 a 6 relationship
5 monogamous 6 relationship
7 with 10 spouse
8 a 9 male
8 a 10 spouse
9 male 10 spouse
11 ; 12 1
11 ; 13 had
12 1 13 had
13 had 19 partner
14 a 15 long
14 a 19 partner
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 term
17 term 19 partner
18 female 19 partner

most women resumed sexual activity within 4 weeks of their mi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resumed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 most 2 women
2 women 3 resumed
3 resumed 5 activity
3 resumed 6 within
4 sexual 5 activity
6 within 8 weeks
7 4 8 weeks
8 weeks 9 of
9 of 11 mi
10 their 11 mi

sexual problems and concerns were prevalent , including patient [and/or] partner fear of " causing another heart attack . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
1 sexual 2 problems
2 problems 3 and
3 and 4 concerns
3 and 5 were
5 were 6 prevalent
6 prevalent 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 12 fear
8 including 19 .
9 patient 11 partner
11 partner 12 fear
12 fear 13 of
13 of 14 "
13 of 15 causing
15 causing 18 attack
16 another 18 attack
17 heart 18 attack
19 . 20 "

few women received counseling about sexual concerns or the safety of returning to sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 few 2 women
2 women 3 received
3 received 4 counseling
3 received 5 about
5 about 8 or
6 sexual 7 concerns
7 concerns 8 or
8 or 10 safety
8 or 11 of
9 the 10 safety
11 of 12 returning
12 returning 13 to
13 to 14 sex

most women who discussed sex with a physician initiated the discussion themselves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 initiated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 most 2 women
2 women 3 who
2 women 4 discussed
2 women 9 initiated
3 who 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 sex
4 discussed 6 with
6 with 8 physician
7 a 8 physician
9 initiated 11 discussion
9 initiated 12 themselves
10 the 11 discussion

inquiry about strategies to improve sexual outcomes elicited key themes : need for privacy , patient - centeredness , and information about the timing and safe resumption of sexual activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inquiry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 inquiry 2 about
1 inquiry 7 outcomes
1 inquiry 8 elicited
1 inquiry 11 :
2 about 3 strategies
3 strategies 4 to
3 strategies 5 improve
4 to 5 improve
6 sexual 7 outcomes
7 outcomes 8 elicited
8 elicited 10 themes
9 key 10 themes
11 : 12 need
12 need 13 for
13 for 14 privacy
15 , 25 and
16 patient 17 -
16 patient 18 centeredness
18 centeredness 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 information
20 and 22 about
20 and 25 and
22 about 24 timing
23 the 24 timing
25 and 27 resumption
25 and 28 of
26 safe 27 resumption
28 of 30 activity
29 sexual 30 activity

in addition , respondents felt that counseling should be initiated by the treating cardiologist , who " knows whether your heart is safe , " and then reinforced by the care team throughout the rehabilitation period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 felt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 respondents
4 respondents 5 felt
5 felt 6 that
6 that 7 counseling
6 that 26 and
7 counseling 26 and
8 should 9 be
8 should 26 and
9 be 10 initiated
10 initiated 11 by
11 by 14 cardiologist
12 the 14 cardiologist
13 treating 14 cardiologist
14 cardiologist 16 who
15 , 16 who
16 who 17 "
16 who 18 knows
16 who 24 ,
18 knows 19 whether
19 whether 21 heart
19 whether 22 is
20 your 21 heart
21 heart 22 is
22 is 23 safe
24 , 25 "
24 , 26 and
26 and 28 reinforced
26 and 29 by
26 and 33 throughout
27 then 28 reinforced
29 by 32 team
30 the 32 team
31 care 32 team
33 throughout 36 period
34 the 36 period
35 rehabilitation 36 period

conclusions : partnered women commonly resume sexual activity soon after an mi with fear but without directed counseling from their physicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 women
2 : 6 resume
2 : 22 .
3 partnered 4 women
4 women 6 resume
5 commonly 6 resume
6 resume 8 activity
6 resume 10 after
7 sexual 8 activity
9 soon 10 after
10 after 12 mi
11 an 12 mi
12 mi 15 but
13 with 14 fear
13 with 15 but
15 but 16 without
16 without 18 counseling
17 directed 18 counseling
18 counseling 19 from
19 from 21 physicians
20 their 21 physicians

proactive attention to women 's concerns related to [sexual] function and the safety of sexual activity following an mi could improve post - mi outcomes for women and their partners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 proactive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 attention 3 to
2 attention 7 related
3 to 6 concerns
4 women 5 's
5 's 6 concerns
7 related 8 to
7 related 23 -
8 to 11 and
10 function 11 and
11 and 21 improve
12 the 13 safety
13 safety 14 of
13 safety 20 could
14 of 16 activity
15 sexual 16 activity
16 activity 17 following
17 following 19 mi
18 an 19 mi
20 could 21 improve
21 improve 22 post
23 - 25 outcomes
24 mi 25 outcomes
25 outcomes 26 for
26 for 28 and
27 women 28 and
28 and 30 partners
29 their 30 partners

the rising proportion of elderly people worldwide will yield an increased incidence of age - associated cognitive impairments , imposing major burdens on societies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 yield
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 proportion
2 rising 3 proportion
3 proportion 4 of
3 proportion 8 will
4 of 6 people
5 elderly 6 people
7 worldwide 8 will
8 will 9 yield
9 yield 12 incidence
10 an 12 incidence
11 increased 12 incidence
12 incidence 13 of
12 incidence 20 imposing
13 of 14 age
14 age 18 impairments
15 - 18 impairments
16 associated 18 impairments
17 cognitive 18 impairments
18 impairments 19 ,
20 imposing 22 burdens
20 imposing 23 on
21 major 22 burdens
23 on 24 societies

consequently , growing interest emerged to evaluate new strategies to delay or [counteract] cognitive decline in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 growing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 growing
3 growing 4 interest
3 growing 5 emerged
5 emerged 6 to
5 emerged 10 to
5 emerged 16 in
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 strategies
8 new 9 strategies
10 to 12 or
11 delay 12 or
12 or 15 decline
14 cognitive 15 decline
16 in 17 aging

here , we assessed immediate effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation ( atdcs ) on cognition and previously described detrimental changes in brain activity attributable to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 18 and
4 assessed 6 effects
4 assessed 16 on
4 assessed 18 and
5 immediate 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 12 stimulation
8 anodal 11 current
9 transcranial 11 current
10 direct 11 current
11 current 12 stimulation
12 stimulation 14 atdcs
13 ( 14 atdcs
14 atdcs 15 )
16 on 17 cognition
18 and 20 described
18 and 23 in
19 previously 20 described
20 described 22 changes
21 detrimental 22 changes
23 in 25 activity
24 brain 25 activity
25 activity 26 attributable
26 attributable 27 to
27 to 28 aging

twenty healthy elderly adults were assessed in a crossover sham - controlled design using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) and concurrent transcranial dcs administered to the left inferior frontal gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 sham
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 twenty 4 adults
1 twenty 5 were
1 twenty 6 assessed
1 twenty 10 sham
2 healthy 4 adults
3 elderly 4 adults
4 adults 5 were
6 assessed 7 in
7 in 9 crossover
8 a 9 crossover
11 - 22 and
12 controlled 13 design
13 design 14 using
13 design 22 and
14 using 18 imaging
15 functional 17 resonance
16 magnetic 17 resonance
17 resonance 18 imaging
18 imaging 20 fmri
19 ( 20 fmri
20 fmri 21 )
22 and 25 dcs
22 and 26 administered
23 concurrent 25 dcs
24 transcranial 25 dcs
26 administered 27 to
27 to 32 gyrus
28 the 32 gyrus
29 left 32 gyrus
30 inferior 32 gyrus
31 frontal 32 gyrus

effects on performance and task - related brain activity were evaluated during overt semantic word generation , a task that is negatively affected by advanced age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 evaluated
1 effects 2 on
1 effects 10 were
2 on 4 and
3 performance 4 and
4 and 5 task
6 - 7 related
7 related 9 activity
7 related 10 were
8 brain 9 activity
10 were 11 evaluated
11 evaluated 12 during
12 during 16 generation
13 overt 15 word
14 semantic 15 word
15 word 16 generation
16 generation 19 task
17 , 19 task
18 a 19 task
19 task 20 that
19 task 21 is
19 task 27 .
20 that 21 is
21 is 22 negatively
21 is 23 affected
23 affected 24 by
24 by 26 age
25 advanced 26 age

task - absent resting - state fmri ( rs - fmri ) assessed atdcs - induced changes at the network level independent of performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 resting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 task 2 -
1 task 4 resting
3 absent 4 resting
4 resting 7 fmri
4 resting 14 atdcs
4 resting 16 induced
5 - 7 fmri
6 state 7 fmri
7 fmri 9 rs
7 fmri 10 -
8 ( 9 rs
9 rs 10 -
10 - 14 atdcs
11 fmri 12 )
11 fmri 14 atdcs
13 assessed 14 atdcs
14 atdcs 15 -
16 induced 17 changes
16 induced 18 at
18 at 22 independent
19 the 22 independent
20 network 22 independent
21 level 22 independent
22 independent 23 of
23 of 24 performance

twenty matched younger adults served as controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 served
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 twenty 4 adults
2 matched 4 adults
3 younger 4 adults
4 adults 5 served
5 served 6 as
6 as 7 controls

[during] sham stimulation , task - related fmri demonstrated that enhanced bilateral prefrontal activity in older adults was associated with reduced performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 sham 3 stimulation
2 sham 4 ,
4 , 5 task
5 task 22 performance
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 fmri
7 related 21 reduced
8 fmri 9 demonstrated
8 fmri 10 that
8 fmri 20 with
10 that 14 activity
10 that 19 associated
11 enhanced 14 activity
12 bilateral 14 activity
13 prefrontal 14 activity
14 activity 15 in
14 activity 18 was
15 in 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 was 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
21 reduced 22 performance

rs - fmri revealed enhanced anterior and reduced posterior functional brain connectivity . atdcs significantly improved performance in older adults up to the level of younger controls [;] significantly reduced task [-] related hyperactivity in bilateral prefrontal cortices , the anterior cingulate gyrus , and the precuneus [;] and [induced] [a] more " youth - like " connectivity pattern during rs - fmri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 fmri
2 - 5 enhanced
2 - 13 .
3 fmri 4 revealed
3 fmri 5 enhanced
5 enhanced 12 connectivity
6 anterior 7 and
7 and 9 posterior
7 and 11 brain
8 reduced 9 posterior
10 functional 11 brain
11 brain 12 connectivity
13 . 14 atdcs
14 atdcs 17 performance
15 significantly 16 improved
16 improved 17 performance
17 performance 18 in
17 performance 21 up
17 performance 25 of
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 up 22 to
22 to 24 level
23 the 24 level
25 of 34 hyperactivity
26 younger 27 controls
27 controls 34 hyperactivity
29 significantly 30 reduced
30 reduced 31 task
31 task 34 hyperactivity
33 related 34 hyperactivity
34 hyperactivity 35 in
35 in 45 and
36 bilateral 38 cortices
37 prefrontal 38 cortices
38 cortices 39 ,
39 , 43 gyrus
39 , 45 and
40 the 43 gyrus
41 anterior 43 gyrus
42 cingulate 43 gyrus
44 , 45 and
45 and 54 youth
45 and 56 like
46 the 54 youth
47 precuneus 49 and
49 and 52 more
49 and 54 youth
52 more 53 "
55 - 56 like
56 like 57 "
56 like 59 pattern
56 like 64 .
58 connectivity 59 pattern
59 pattern 60 during
59 pattern 63 fmri
60 during 61 rs
62 - 63 fmri
63 fmri 64 .

our results provide converging evidence from behavioral analysis and two independent functional imaging paradigms that a single session of atdcs can temporarily reverse nonbeneficial effects of aging on cognition and brain activity and connectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 30 and
3 provide 14 paradigms
3 provide 28 on
3 provide 30 and
4 converging 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 from
5 evidence 9 and
6 from 8 analysis
7 behavioral 8 analysis
9 and 13 imaging
9 and 14 paradigms
10 two 13 imaging
11 independent 13 imaging
12 functional 13 imaging
14 paradigms 15 that
14 paradigms 27 aging
15 that 18 session
15 that 23 reverse
16 a 18 session
17 single 18 session
18 session 19 of
18 session 21 can
19 of 20 atdcs
21 can 23 reverse
22 temporarily 23 reverse
23 reverse 25 effects
24 nonbeneficial 25 effects
25 effects 26 of
26 of 27 aging
28 on 29 cognition
30 and 31 brain
30 and 33 and
32 activity 33 and
33 and 34 connectivity

these findings may translate into novel treatments to ameliorate cognitive decline [in] normal aging in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 translate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 translate
4 translate 5 into
4 translate 8 to
5 into 7 treatments
6 novel 7 treatments
8 to 9 ameliorate
9 ameliorate 14 aging
9 ameliorate 15 in
10 cognitive 11 decline
11 decline 14 aging
13 normal 14 aging
15 in 17 future
16 the 17 future

as longevity constantly increases , the number of elderly patients ( 75 years [and] [older] ) who require anticoagulation likewise rises steadily . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 rises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 as 2 longevity
1 as 4 increases
1 as 5 ,
1 as 7 number
2 longevity 4 increases
3 constantly 4 increases
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 17 who
7 number 18 require
7 number 21 rises
8 of 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients
10 patients 13 years
11 ( 13 years
12 75 13 years
13 years 16 )
17 who 18 require
18 require 19 anticoagulation
20 likewise 21 rises
21 rises 22 steadily

managing elderly patients receiving anticoagulants is challenging because those patients are at high risk of both thrombosis and bleeding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 managing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 managing 3 patients
1 managing 6 is
2 elderly 3 patients
4 receiving 5 anticoagulants
4 receiving 6 is
6 is 7 challenging
7 challenging 8 because
8 because 10 patients
8 because 11 are
9 those 10 patients
10 patients 11 are
11 are 12 at
12 at 14 risk
13 high 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 both 18 and
17 thrombosis 18 and
18 and 19 bleeding

moreover , older patients are commonly frail : they have substantial chronic co - morbid conditions including renal impairment and frequent acute illnesses and [are] often polymedicated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 patients
3 older 4 patients
4 patients 5 are
5 are 6 commonly
5 are 7 frail
8 : 9 they
8 : 20 and
8 : 28 .
9 they 20 and
10 have 16 conditions
10 have 20 and
11 substantial 16 conditions
12 chronic 16 conditions
13 co 14 -
13 co 16 conditions
15 morbid 16 conditions
16 conditions 17 including
17 including 19 impairment
18 renal 19 impairment
20 and 24 and
21 frequent 23 illnesses
21 frequent 24 and
22 acute 23 illnesses
24 and 27 polymedicated
26 often 27 polymedicated

there remains [a] clear need to optimize the use of anticoagulant drugs in these patients , especially [at] full anticoagulant dose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 clear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 remains
2 remains 4 clear
4 clear 5 need
5 need 6 to
5 need 7 optimize
6 to 7 optimize
7 optimize 9 use
7 optimize 13 in
8 the 9 use
9 use 10 of
10 of 12 drugs
11 anticoagulant 12 drugs
13 in 15 patients
14 these 15 patients
16 , 21 dose
17 especially 19 full
19 full 21 dose
20 anticoagulant 21 dose

in the last decade , efforts have been made to better understand the [inter] [-] individual variability in the response of elderly patients to traditional anticoagulants including heparin derivatives ( unfractionated heparin , low molecular weight heparins and fondaparinux ) and vitamin k antagonists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 4 decade
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 efforts
2 the 3 last
2 the 4 decade
6 efforts 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 made
9 made 10 to
10 to 12 understand
11 better 12 understand
12 understand 41 and
13 the 17 variability
16 individual 17 variability
17 variability 18 in
17 variability 21 of
17 variability 24 to
17 variability 27 including
17 variability 38 and
18 in 20 response
19 the 20 response
21 of 23 patients
22 elderly 23 patients
24 to 26 anticoagulants
25 traditional 26 anticoagulants
27 including 28 heparin
28 heparin 29 derivatives
28 heparin 34 low
29 derivatives 32 heparin
29 derivatives 34 low
30 ( 32 heparin
31 unfractionated 32 heparin
32 heparin 33 ,
34 low 37 heparins
35 molecular 36 weight
36 weight 37 heparins
38 and 39 fondaparinux
38 and 40 )
38 and 41 and
41 and 44 antagonists
42 vitamin 43 k
42 vitamin 44 antagonists

moreover , their safety profile has been evaluated in different settings in the elderly , assisting in minimizing risks related to their use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 profile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 profile
3 their 5 profile
4 safety 5 profile
5 profile 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 in
8 evaluated 12 in
9 in 11 settings
10 different 11 settings
12 in 14 elderly
13 the 14 elderly
15 , 20 related
16 assisting 17 in
16 assisting 20 related
17 in 18 minimizing
18 minimizing 19 risks
20 related 21 to
20 related 24 .
21 to 23 use
22 their 23 use

emergence of new oral anticoagulants ( dabigatran , rivaroxaban , apixaban ) , which appear to be much more convenient , is promising . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 emergence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 emergence 2 of
1 emergence 22 is
2 of 5 anticoagulants
3 new 4 oral
4 oral 5 anticoagulants
5 anticoagulants 11 apixaban
5 anticoagulants 14 which
6 ( 11 apixaban
7 dabigatran 8 ,
7 dabigatran 11 apixaban
9 rivaroxaban 10 ,
9 rivaroxaban 11 apixaban
11 apixaban 12 )
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 appear
14 which 21 ,
15 appear 16 to
15 appear 17 be
16 to 17 be
17 be 20 convenient
18 much 19 more
19 more 20 convenient
22 is 23 promising

even though some elderly patients were included in pivotal clinical trials evaluating these new anticoagulants , the safety of these drugs remains uncertain in real life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 safety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 even 2 though
1 even 16 ,
1 even 18 safety
2 though 5 patients
2 though 7 included
3 some 5 patients
4 elderly 5 patients
5 patients 6 were
6 were 7 included
7 included 8 in
8 in 11 trials
9 pivotal 11 trials
10 clinical 11 trials
11 trials 12 evaluating
12 evaluating 15 anticoagulants
13 these 15 anticoagulants
14 new 15 anticoagulants
17 the 18 safety
18 safety 19 of
18 safety 22 remains
19 of 21 drugs
20 these 21 drugs
22 remains 23 uncertain
23 uncertain 24 in
24 in 26 life
25 real 26 life

objective : ptosis of the submandibular glands is a well [-] recognized yet poorly quantified element of the aging face and neck . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ptosis
2 : 8 is
2 : 23 .
3 ptosis 4 of
3 ptosis 8 is
4 of 7 glands
5 the 7 glands
6 submandibular 7 glands
8 is 16 element
9 a 16 element
10 well 12 recognized
12 recognized 16 element
13 yet 15 quantified
14 poorly 15 quantified
15 quantified 16 element
16 element 17 of
17 of 21 and
18 the 20 face
19 aging 20 face
20 face 21 and
21 and 22 neck

the goal of this study [is] to describe and [quantify] the rate and extent of age - related submandibular gland ptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 9 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
5 study 7 to
5 study 8 describe
7 to 8 describe
9 and 12 rate
9 and 13 and
11 the 12 rate
13 and 14 extent
13 and 15 of
15 of 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 21 ptosis
18 related 22 .
19 submandibular 20 gland
20 gland 21 ptosis

a novel grading system is proposed to quantify the degree of descent of the submandibular gland in relation to the inferior border of the mandible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 4 system
2 novel 4 system
3 grading 4 system
4 system 5 is
5 is 6 proposed
6 proposed 7 to
7 to 8 quantify
8 quantify 12 descent
8 quantify 19 to
9 the 10 degree
10 degree 11 of
10 degree 12 descent
11 of 12 descent
12 descent 13 of
13 of 16 gland
14 the 16 gland
15 submandibular 16 gland
17 in 18 relation
18 relation 19 to
19 to 22 border
20 the 22 border
21 inferior 22 border
22 border 23 of
23 of 25 mandible
24 the 25 mandible

implications for facial rejuvenation surgery are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 6 are
2 for 5 surgery
3 facial 4 rejuvenation
4 rejuvenation 5 surgery
6 are 7 discussed

study design : retrospective review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 5 review
4 retrospective 5 review

methods : consecutive computed tomography ( ct ) imaging studies performed at a university [-] affiliated hospital were selected for review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 10 studies
2 : 19 selected
3 consecutive 10 studies
4 computed 10 studies
5 tomography 7 ct
5 tomography 8 )
5 tomography 10 studies
6 ( 7 ct
7 ct 8 )
9 imaging 10 studies
10 studies 11 performed
10 studies 18 were
11 performed 12 at
12 at 17 hospital
13 a 17 hospital
14 university 16 affiliated
16 affiliated 17 hospital
18 were 19 selected
19 selected 20 for
20 for 21 review

using cross - referenced images in the coronal and axial planes , distance measurements were obtained from the bottom of the submandibular gland to the plane of the inferior border of the mandible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 using 2 cross
3 - 5 images
3 - 12 ,
4 referenced 5 images
5 images 6 in
6 in 11 planes
7 the 11 planes
8 coronal 9 and
9 and 10 axial
9 and 11 planes
12 , 14 measurements
12 , 16 obtained
13 distance 14 measurements
14 measurements 15 were
15 were 16 obtained
16 obtained 17 from
17 from 19 bottom
18 the 19 bottom
19 bottom 20 of
20 of 23 gland
21 the 23 gland
22 submandibular 23 gland
23 gland 24 to
23 gland 27 of
24 to 26 plane
25 the 26 plane
27 of 30 border
28 the 30 border
29 inferior 30 border
30 border 31 of
31 of 33 mandible
32 the 33 mandible

these data points were plotted against subject age for statistical analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 points
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 plotted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 3 points
2 data 3 points
3 points 4 were
4 were 5 plotted
5 plotted 6 against
6 against 8 age
7 subject 8 age
8 age 9 for
9 for 11 analysis
10 statistical 11 analysis

the position of the submandibular gland was then categorized as grade i [when] distance below the mandible [was] < 20 mm , grade ii for 20 to 25 mm , grade iii for 25 to 30 mm , and grade iv for > 30 mm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 position
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 position
2 position 3 of
2 position 7 was
3 of 6 gland
4 the 6 gland
5 submandibular 6 gland
7 was 22 ,
8 then 22 ,
9 categorized 10 as
9 categorized 21 mm
9 categorized 22 ,
10 as 11 grade
11 grade 12 i
11 grade 14 distance
12 i 14 distance
14 distance 15 below
15 below 17 mandible
16 the 17 mandible
19 < 20 20
20 20 21 mm
22 , 39 and
23 grade 24 ii
23 grade 25 for
23 grade 39 and
25 for 26 20
26 20 27 to
26 20 31 grade
27 to 29 mm
28 25 29 mm
30 , 31 grade
31 grade 32 iii
31 grade 33 for
31 grade 35 to
31 grade 38 ,
33 for 34 25
35 to 37 mm
36 30 37 mm
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 grade
40 grade 41 iv
41 iv 42 for
42 for 45 mm
43 > 44 30
44 30 45 mm

volumetric analysis was performed in a subset of subjects to assess for the possibility of age - related submandibular gland volume changes as a potential confounding factor in distance measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 volumetric
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 volumetric 2 analysis
1 volumetric 3 was
1 volumetric 4 performed
2 analysis 3 was
4 performed 5 in
4 performed 12 for
5 in 7 subset
6 a 7 subset
7 subset 8 of
7 subset 10 to
7 subset 11 assess
8 of 9 subjects
10 to 11 assess
12 for 14 possibility
13 the 14 possibility
14 possibility 15 of
15 of 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 22 changes
18 related 23 as
18 related 28 in
19 submandibular 20 gland
20 gland 22 changes
21 volume 22 changes
23 as 27 factor
24 a 25 potential
24 a 27 factor
25 potential 27 factor
26 confounding 27 factor
28 in 30 measurements
29 distance 30 measurements

results : one hundred consecutive ct imaging studies were selected for review ( 50 men , 50 women ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 6 ct
2 : 10 selected
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 6 ct
5 consecutive 6 ct
6 ct 7 imaging
6 ct 9 were
7 imaging 8 studies
9 were 10 selected
10 selected 11 for
11 for 12 review
12 review 15 men
12 review 18 women
13 ( 15 men
14 50 15 men
15 men 16 ,
16 , 18 women
17 50 18 women
18 women 19 )

a statistically significant linear relationship was identified between subject age and ptosis of the submandibular gland ( r = 0.52 , p < 0.001 ) , as measured by the distance from the bottom of the submandibular gland from the plane of the inferior border of the mandible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 a 2 statistically
1 a 5 relationship
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 5 relationship
4 linear 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 was
6 was 7 identified
7 identified 8 between
7 identified 29 by
8 between 11 and
9 subject 10 age
10 age 11 and
11 and 12 ptosis
11 and 13 of
13 of 16 gland
14 the 16 gland
15 submandibular 16 gland
16 gland 19 =
16 gland 23 <
16 gland 28 measured
17 ( 19 =
18 r 19 =
19 = 20 0.52
19 = 21 ,
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.001
23 < 25 )
26 , 28 measured
27 as 28 measured
29 by 31 distance
30 the 31 distance
31 distance 32 from
31 distance 35 of
31 distance 46 of
32 from 34 bottom
33 the 34 bottom
35 of 38 gland
36 the 38 gland
37 submandibular 38 gland
38 gland 39 from
38 gland 42 of
39 from 41 plane
40 the 41 plane
42 of 45 border
43 the 45 border
44 inferior 45 border
46 of 48 mandible
47 the 48 mandible

the average rate of descent was 0.17 mm per year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 rate
2 average 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 6 was
4 of 5 descent
6 was 8 mm
7 0.17 8 mm
8 mm 9 per
9 per 10 year

overall , the position of the submandibular gland was categorized as grade i in 18 % of patients , grade ii in 27 % of patients , grade iii in 32 % of patients , and grade iv in 23 % of patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 , 4 position
2 , 10 categorized
2 , 19 ,
3 the 4 position
4 position 5 of
4 position 9 was
5 of 8 gland
6 the 8 gland
7 submandibular 8 gland
9 was 10 categorized
10 categorized 11 as
10 categorized 14 in
11 as 12 grade
12 grade 13 i
14 in 16 %
15 18 16 %
16 % 17 of
17 of 18 patients
19 , 36 and
20 grade 21 ii
20 grade 22 in
20 grade 36 and
22 in 24 %
23 27 24 %
24 % 25 of
25 of 26 patients
26 patients 28 grade
27 , 28 grade
28 grade 29 iii
28 grade 30 in
28 grade 33 of
28 grade 35 ,
30 in 32 %
31 32 32 %
33 of 34 patients
36 and 37 grade
37 grade 38 iv
37 grade 39 in
39 in 41 %
40 23 41 %
41 % 42 of
42 of 43 patients

no statistically significant gender differences were identified in any of the data points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 no 5 differences
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 4 gender
4 gender 5 differences
5 differences 6 were
6 were 7 identified
7 identified 8 in
8 in 9 any
9 any 10 of
10 of 13 points
11 the 13 points
12 data 13 points

volumetric analysis did not demonstrate any age - related changes in submandibular gland volume , and [as] [such] , this was excluded as a potential confounding factor in distance measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 volumetric 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 7 age
6 any 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 changes
9 related 11 in
9 related 15 ,
11 in 14 volume
12 submandibular 13 gland
13 gland 14 volume
16 and 19 ,
16 and 20 this
16 and 22 excluded
20 this 21 was
21 was 22 excluded
22 excluded 23 as
22 excluded 28 in
23 as 27 factor
24 a 25 potential
24 a 27 factor
25 potential 27 factor
26 confounding 27 factor
28 in 30 measurements
29 distance 30 measurements

conclusion : a linear relationship exists between patient age and submandibular gland ptosis , as measured by the distance of the gland from the inferior border of the mandible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 5 relationship
2 : 6 exists
3 a 4 linear
3 a 5 relationship
4 linear 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 exists
6 exists 7 between
6 exists 17 by
7 between 10 and
8 patient 9 age
9 age 10 and
10 and 13 ptosis
10 and 16 measured
11 submandibular 12 gland
12 gland 13 ptosis
14 , 16 measured
15 as 16 measured
17 by 19 distance
18 the 19 distance
19 distance 20 of
19 distance 27 of
20 of 22 gland
21 the 22 gland
22 gland 23 from
23 from 26 border
24 the 26 border
25 inferior 26 border
27 of 29 mandible
28 the 29 mandible

to our knowledge , this is the first quantification of the rate and extent of submandibular gland ptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 to 3 knowledge
1 to 4 ,
1 to 5 this
2 our 3 knowledge
5 this 6 is
6 is 9 quantification
7 the 8 first
7 the 9 quantification
9 quantification 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 the 12 rate
12 rate 13 and
13 and 14 extent
13 and 15 of
15 of 18 ptosis
16 submandibular 17 gland
17 gland 18 ptosis

a novel grading system for submandibular gland ptosis has been proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 a 4 system
2 novel 4 system
3 grading 4 system
4 system 5 for
4 system 9 has
5 for 8 ptosis
6 submandibular 7 gland
7 gland 8 ptosis
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 proposed

minimally invasive procedures have become [increasingly] popular over the last decade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 procedures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 minimally 3 procedures
2 invasive 3 procedures
3 procedures 4 have
4 have 5 become
5 become 7 popular
7 popular 8 over
8 over 11 decade
9 the 10 last
9 the 11 decade

in many cases , the use of neuromodulators and fillers has replaced surgical procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 replaced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 cases
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 use
2 many 3 cases
5 the 6 use
6 use 7 of
6 use 11 has
7 of 9 and
8 neuromodulators 9 and
9 and 10 fillers
11 has 12 replaced
12 replaced 14 procedures
13 surgical 14 procedures

this article reviews the analysis and evaluation of the aesthetic patient presenting for periorbital rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 6 and
4 the 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 and
6 and 7 evaluation
6 and 8 of
8 of 12 presenting
9 the 12 presenting
10 aesthetic 12 presenting
11 patient 12 presenting
12 presenting 13 for
13 for 15 rejuvenation
14 periorbital 15 rejuvenation

a layered approach is used , evaluating the skin , fat , muscle , and bone to determine which procedure is best suited for each patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 3 approach
2 layered 3 approach
3 approach 4 is
4 is 15 and
5 used 7 evaluating
5 used 13 muscle
5 used 15 and
6 , 7 evaluating
7 evaluating 9 skin
7 evaluating 10 ,
8 the 9 skin
11 fat 12 ,
11 fat 13 muscle
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 bone
15 and 17 to
17 to 18 determine
18 determine 19 which
19 which 20 procedure
20 procedure 21 is
21 is 22 best
21 is 23 suited
23 suited 24 for
24 for 26 patient
25 each 26 patient

volume enhancement with the use of fat and fillers and muscle manipulation with the use of neuromodulators are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 volume 2 enhancement
2 enhancement 3 with
2 enhancement 8 and
3 with 5 use
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 7 fat
8 and 9 fillers
8 and 10 and
10 and 12 manipulation
10 and 13 with
10 and 18 are
11 muscle 12 manipulation
13 with 15 use
14 the 15 use
15 use 16 of
16 of 17 neuromodulators
18 are 19 discussed

a brief summary of currently available [skin] - resurfacing techniques is also discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 brief
1 a 3 summary
2 brief 3 summary
3 summary 4 of
3 summary 11 is
4 of 10 techniques
5 currently 6 available
6 available 8 -
6 available 10 techniques
9 resurfacing 10 techniques
11 is 13 discussed
12 also 13 discussed

the youthful face is often defined by malar and lateral cheek fullness with associated submalar concavity , giving a smooth contour between the different subunits coupled with an aesthetically pleasing convex lower eyelid - cheek [continuum] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 face
2 youthful 3 face
3 face 4 is
4 is 5 often
4 is 6 defined
6 defined 7 by
6 defined 13 with
6 defined 18 giving
7 by 12 fullness
8 malar 9 and
9 and 10 lateral
9 and 11 cheek
11 cheek 12 fullness
13 with 16 concavity
14 associated 16 concavity
15 submalar 16 concavity
17 , 18 giving
18 giving 21 contour
18 giving 22 between
18 giving 27 with
18 giving 34 -
19 a 21 contour
20 smooth 21 contour
22 between 25 subunits
23 the 25 subunits
24 different 25 subunits
25 subunits 26 coupled
27 with 33 eyelid
28 an 33 eyelid
29 aesthetically 30 pleasing
30 pleasing 33 eyelid
31 convex 33 eyelid
32 lower 33 eyelid
34 - 35 cheek

this article reviews the key anatomical concepts of midfacial aging , the evolution of midface - lifting techniques , and indications and contraindications for their use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 7 concepts
4 the 7 concepts
5 key 7 concepts
6 anatomical 7 concepts
7 concepts 8 of
8 of 22 and
9 midfacial 10 aging
9 midfacial 11 ,
11 , 13 evolution
11 , 20 and
12 the 13 evolution
13 evolution 14 of
14 of 15 midface
15 midface 17 lifting
16 - 17 lifting
17 lifting 18 techniques
17 lifting 19 ,
20 and 21 indications
20 and 22 and
22 and 23 contraindications
22 and 24 for
24 for 26 use
25 their 26 use

this article provides a comprehensive discussion on the complications of blepharoplasty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 provides
3 provides 6 discussion
3 provides 7 on
4 a 5 comprehensive
4 a 6 discussion
5 comprehensive 6 discussion
7 on 9 complications
8 the 9 complications
9 complications 10 of
10 of 11 blepharoplasty

we discuss the importance of preoperative counselling and surgical planning to provide the patient with a satisfactory outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 8 and
2 discuss 11 to
3 the 8 and
4 importance 5 of
4 importance 8 and
5 of 7 counselling
6 preoperative 7 counselling
8 and 10 planning
9 surgical 10 planning
11 to 12 provide
12 provide 14 patient
12 provide 15 with
13 the 14 patient
15 with 18 outcome
16 a 17 satisfactory
16 a 18 outcome
17 satisfactory 18 outcome

strategies are presented to manage common complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 strategies 2 are
2 are 3 presented
3 presented 4 to
4 to 5 manage
5 manage 7 complications
6 common 7 complications

lower eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most common procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 blepharoplasty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 lower 2 eyelid
2 eyelid 3 blepharoplasty
3 blepharoplasty 4 is
4 is 5 one
5 one 6 of
6 of 10 procedures
7 the 8 most
8 most 10 procedures
9 common 10 procedures
10 procedures 11 in
11 in 14 surgery
12 aesthetic 14 surgery
13 plastic 14 surgery

although patients desiring lower eyelid blepharoplasty typically describe their problem as " bags in the lower eyelids , " there are many anatomical imperfections that should be assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 although 2 patients
1 although 8 describe
1 although 18 ,
1 although 20 there
2 patients 3 desiring
2 patients 8 describe
3 desiring 6 blepharoplasty
4 lower 6 blepharoplasty
5 eyelid 6 blepharoplasty
7 typically 8 describe
8 describe 10 problem
9 their 10 problem
10 problem 11 as
11 as 12 "
11 as 13 bags
13 bags 14 in
14 in 17 eyelids
15 the 17 eyelids
16 lower 17 eyelids
18 , 19 "
20 there 21 are
21 are 24 imperfections
22 many 24 imperfections
23 anatomical 24 imperfections
24 imperfections 25 that
24 imperfections 26 should
25 that 26 should
26 should 27 be
27 be 28 assessed

with aging , the youthful single convexity of the lower lid separates into a double convexity with a valley at the intersection of the lower lid and midface . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 convexity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 separates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 with 2 aging
1 with 3 ,
1 with 7 convexity
4 the 7 convexity
5 youthful 7 convexity
6 single 7 convexity
7 convexity 8 of
7 convexity 12 separates
8 of 11 lid
9 the 11 lid
10 lower 11 lid
12 separates 13 into
12 separates 17 with
12 separates 20 at
13 into 16 convexity
14 a 15 double
14 a 16 convexity
15 double 16 convexity
17 with 19 valley
18 a 19 valley
20 at 22 intersection
21 the 22 intersection
22 intersection 23 of
23 of 27 and
24 the 26 lid
25 lower 26 lid
26 lid 27 and
27 and 28 midface

midface descent further drags this intersection inferiorly , leading to a vertically lengthened lower eyelid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 descent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 drags
1 midface 2 descent
2 descent 4 drags
3 further 4 drags
4 drags 6 intersection
4 drags 7 inferiorly
4 drags 9 leading
5 this 6 intersection
8 , 9 leading
9 leading 10 to
9 leading 16 .
10 to 15 eyelid
11 a 15 eyelid
12 vertically 13 lengthened
13 lengthened 15 eyelid
14 lower 15 eyelid

this article discusses how to clinically evaluate lower lid deformities , [how] to formulate a surgical plan , the preoperative assessment , and surgical markings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 discusses
3 discusses 4 how
4 how 5 to
4 how 7 evaluate
5 to 7 evaluate
6 clinically 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 10 deformities
8 lower 9 lid
9 lid 10 deformities
10 deformities 13 to
11 , 13 to
13 to 14 formulate
13 to 18 ,
14 formulate 17 plan
15 a 16 surgical
15 a 17 plan
16 surgical 17 plan
18 , 23 and
19 the 21 assessment
20 preoperative 21 assessment
21 assessment 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 markings
24 surgical 25 markings

the rationale and anesthetic technique for outpatient [versus] [in] [-] office surgery is reviewed , and a detailed step - [by] - [step] approach with accompanying figures for lower lid blepharoplasty via a transconjunctival or transcutaneous incision is given . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 the 2 rationale
2 rationale 3 and
3 and 4 anesthetic
3 and 5 technique
3 and 13 is
3 and 14 reviewed
3 and 16 and
5 technique 6 for
5 technique 13 is
6 for 12 surgery
7 outpatient 12 surgery
11 office 12 surgery
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 step
17 a 18 detailed
17 a 19 step
18 detailed 19 step
20 - 22 -
20 - 39 given
20 - 40 .
22 - 24 approach
24 approach 25 with
25 with 26 accompanying
26 accompanying 27 figures
26 accompanying 28 for
28 for 31 blepharoplasty
29 lower 30 lid
30 lid 31 blepharoplasty
31 blepharoplasty 32 via
31 blepharoplasty 38 is
32 via 37 incision
33 a 37 incision
34 transconjunctival 35 or
35 or 36 transcutaneous
35 or 37 incision
38 is 39 given

an approach to vertically supporting the lower eyelid is presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 an 2 approach
2 approach 3 to
2 approach 9 is
3 to 5 supporting
4 vertically 5 supporting
5 supporting 8 eyelid
6 the 8 eyelid
7 lower 8 eyelid
9 is 10 presented

blepharoplasty of the upper eyelids is one of the most commonly performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 blepharoplasty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 blepharoplasty 2 of
1 blepharoplasty 6 is
2 of 5 eyelids
3 the 5 eyelids
4 upper 5 eyelids
6 is 7 one
7 one 8 of
8 of 13 procedures
9 the 10 most
10 most 13 procedures
11 commonly 12 performed
12 performed 13 procedures
13 procedures 14 in
14 in 17 surgery
15 aesthetic 17 surgery
16 plastic 17 surgery

in this article , we describe our approach to the patient with aging of the periorbita . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 describe
6 describe 8 approach
6 describe 9 to
7 our 8 approach
9 to 11 patient
10 the 11 patient
11 patient 12 with
11 patient 14 of
12 with 13 aging
14 of 16 periorbita
15 the 16 periorbita

at all times [,] the approach is tailored to the individual 's needs , trying to achieve a natural result that will not in any way affect the function of the eyelid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 at 3 times
1 at 27 affect
2 all 3 times
3 times 6 approach
3 times 8 tailored
5 the 6 approach
6 approach 7 is
7 is 8 tailored
8 tailored 9 to
8 tailored 14 ,
8 tailored 15 trying
9 to 13 needs
10 the 11 individual
11 individual 12 's
12 's 13 needs
15 trying 16 to
15 trying 17 achieve
16 to 17 achieve
17 achieve 20 result
17 achieve 24 in
18 a 20 result
19 natural 20 result
20 result 21 that
20 result 22 will
21 that 22 will
22 will 23 not
24 in 26 way
25 any 26 way
27 affect 29 function
28 the 29 function
29 function 30 of
30 of 32 eyelid
31 the 32 eyelid

our current approach and techniques for upper eyelid blepharoplasty and brow lifting are described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 our 3 approach
2 current 3 approach
3 approach 4 and
4 and 5 techniques
4 and 6 for
4 and 13 are
6 for 10 and
7 upper 8 eyelid
8 eyelid 9 blepharoplasty
9 blepharoplasty 10 and
10 and 12 lifting
11 brow 12 lifting
13 are 14 described

none osteoarthritis is an increasingly prevalent disorder with an incidence rate that rises sharply with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 none 2 osteoarthritis
1 none 15 with
1 none 16 age
2 osteoarthritis 3 is
3 is 7 disorder
3 is 8 with
3 is 15 with
4 an 7 disorder
5 increasingly 6 prevalent
6 prevalent 7 disorder
8 with 11 rate
9 an 11 rate
10 incidence 11 rate
11 rate 12 that
11 rate 13 rises
12 that 13 rises
13 rises 14 sharply

unfortunately , the most commonly used medications for providing symptomatic relief , nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) , can cause significant gastrointestinal ( gi ) ulceration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 medications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 7 medications
3 the 4 most
4 most 7 medications
5 commonly 6 used
6 used 7 medications
7 medications 8 for
7 medications 22 can
8 for 9 providing
9 providing 11 relief
10 symptomatic 11 relief
11 relief 17 drugs
12 , 17 drugs
13 nonsteroidal 17 drugs
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 drugs
16 inflammatory 17 drugs
17 drugs 19 nsaids
17 drugs 21 ,
18 ( 19 nsaids
19 nsaids 20 )
22 can 23 cause
23 cause 29 ulceration
24 significant 29 ulceration
25 gastrointestinal 27 gi
25 gastrointestinal 29 ulceration
26 ( 27 gi
27 gi 28 )

there is recent evidence that agents commonly employed to protect the upper gi tract actually increase the incidence and severity of ulceration and bleeding in the lower intestine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 evidence
3 recent 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 6 agents
5 that 16 increase
6 agents 8 employed
6 agents 16 increase
7 commonly 8 employed
8 employed 9 to
9 to 10 protect
10 protect 14 tract
11 the 14 tract
12 upper 14 tract
13 gi 14 tract
15 actually 16 increase
16 increase 23 and
16 increase 25 in
17 the 18 incidence
18 incidence 19 and
19 and 20 severity
19 and 21 of
19 and 23 and
21 of 22 ulceration
23 and 24 bleeding
25 in 28 intestine
26 the 28 intestine
27 lower 28 intestine

intestinal injury is more difficult to diagnose and treat than upper gi damage , and symptoms correlate poorly with the severity of tissue injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 injury
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 intestinal 2 injury
2 injury 3 is
3 is 5 difficult
4 more 5 difficult
5 difficult 6 to
5 difficult 7 diagnose
6 to 7 diagnose
8 and 15 and
8 and 17 correlate
9 treat 13 damage
10 than 11 upper
11 upper 13 damage
12 gi 13 damage
13 damage 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 symptoms
15 and 17 correlate
17 correlate 18 poorly
17 correlate 19 with
19 with 21 severity
20 the 21 severity
21 severity 22 of
22 of 24 injury
23 tissue 24 injury

moreover , use of low - dose aspirin for cardioprotection ( a common co - treatment with the selective cyclooxygenase - 2 inhibitors ) further augments intestinal damage , particularly when enteric - coated aspirin is used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 augments
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 use
3 use 4 of
3 use 26 augments
4 of 8 aspirin
5 low 6 -
5 low 7 dose
7 dose 8 aspirin
8 aspirin 9 for
9 for 10 cardioprotection
10 cardioprotection 16 treatment
11 ( 16 treatment
12 a 13 common
12 a 16 treatment
13 common 16 treatment
14 co 15 -
14 co 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 with
16 treatment 24 )
17 with 20 cyclooxygenase
18 the 20 cyclooxygenase
19 selective 20 cyclooxygenase
20 cyclooxygenase 23 inhibitors
21 - 23 inhibitors
22 2 23 inhibitors
23 inhibitors 24 )
25 further 26 augments
26 augments 28 damage
26 augments 31 when
27 intestinal 28 damage
29 , 30 particularly
29 , 31 when
31 when 35 aspirin
31 when 37 used
31 when 38 .
32 enteric 33 -
32 enteric 35 aspirin
34 coated 35 aspirin
35 aspirin 36 is
36 is 37 used

using human embryonic stem cell - derived npcs to model neurogenesis , we found that sox2 is required to maintain optimal levels of lin28 , a well - characterized suppressor [of] let - 7 microrna biogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 using 5 cell
2 human 4 stem
3 embryonic 4 stem
4 stem 5 cell
6 - 12 ,
6 - 33 -
7 derived 8 npcs
7 derived 12 ,
8 npcs 9 to
9 to 11 neurogenesis
10 model 11 neurogenesis
12 , 20 maintain
13 we 14 found
14 found 15 that
15 that 16 sox2
15 that 18 required
16 sox2 17 is
17 is 18 required
18 required 19 to
19 to 20 maintain
20 maintain 22 levels
20 maintain 32 let
21 optimal 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
22 levels 29 characterized
23 of 24 lin28
24 lin28 27 well
25 , 27 well
26 a 27 well
27 well 28 -
30 suppressor 32 let
33 - 36 biogenesis
34 7 36 biogenesis
35 microrna 36 biogenesis

exogenous lin28 expression rescued the npc proliferation deficit , as well as the early but not the late stages of the neurogenic deficit associated with the loss of sox2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rescued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 exogenous 2 lin28
2 lin28 3 expression
3 expression 4 rescued
4 rescued 8 deficit
4 rescued 25 with
5 the 8 deficit
6 npc 8 deficit
7 proliferation 8 deficit
8 deficit 24 associated
9 , 10 as
10 as 11 well
10 as 24 associated
11 well 12 as
11 well 15 but
11 well 24 associated
12 as 14 early
13 the 14 early
15 but 16 not
15 but 19 stages
17 the 19 stages
18 late 19 stages
19 stages 20 of
20 of 23 deficit
21 the 23 deficit
22 neurogenic 23 deficit
25 with 27 loss
26 the 27 loss
27 loss 28 of
28 of 29 sox2

we found that sox2 binds to a proximal site in the lin28 promoter region and regulates lin28 promoter acetylation , likely through interactions with the histone acetyltransferase complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 4 sox2
4 sox2 15 and
5 binds 6 to
5 binds 15 and
6 to 9 site
7 a 8 proximal
7 a 9 site
8 proximal 9 site
9 site 10 in
10 in 14 region
11 the 14 region
12 lin28 13 promoter
13 promoter 14 region
15 and 16 regulates
15 and 19 acetylation
16 regulates 17 lin28
18 promoter 19 acetylation
19 acetylation 21 likely
20 , 21 likely
21 likely 22 through
21 likely 24 with
21 likely 29 .
22 through 23 interactions
24 with 28 complex
25 the 28 complex
26 histone 28 complex
27 acetyltransferase 28 complex

misexpression [of] let - 7 micrornas in npcs reduced [proliferation] and inhibited neuronal differentiation , phenocopying the loss of sox2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 misexpression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 let
1 misexpression 3 let
3 let 6 micrornas
3 let 7 in
4 - 5 7
5 7 6 micrornas
7 in 11 and
8 npcs 9 reduced
8 npcs 11 and
11 and 14 differentiation
11 and 16 phenocopying
12 inhibited 14 differentiation
13 neuronal 14 differentiation
15 , 16 phenocopying
16 phenocopying 18 loss
16 phenocopying 21 .
17 the 18 loss
18 loss 19 of
19 of 20 sox2

in particular , we [identified] let - 7i as a novel and potent inhibitor of neuronal differentiation that targets mash1 and ngn1 , two well - characterized proneural genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 let
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 we
4 we 6 let
7 - 8 7i
7 - 27 characterized
8 7i 9 as
8 7i 18 that
8 7i 19 targets
8 7i 27 characterized
9 as 12 and
10 a 11 novel
11 novel 12 and
12 and 14 inhibitor
12 and 15 of
13 potent 14 inhibitor
15 of 17 differentiation
16 neuronal 17 differentiation
18 that 19 targets
19 targets 21 and
20 mash1 21 and
21 and 22 ngn1
22 ngn1 25 well
23 , 25 well
24 two 25 well
25 well 26 -
27 characterized 29 genes
28 proneural 29 genes

in conclusion , we discovered the sox2 - lin28/let - 7 pathway as a unique molecular mechanism governing npc proliferation and neurogenic potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 discovered
4 we 5 discovered
5 discovered 12 pathway
5 discovered 13 as
6 the 12 pathway
7 sox2 9 lin28/let
7 sox2 12 pathway
8 - 9 lin28/let
9 lin28/let 10 -
11 7 12 pathway
13 as 21 and
14 a 20 proliferation
15 unique 17 mechanism
16 molecular 17 mechanism
17 mechanism 18 governing
18 governing 20 proliferation
19 npc 20 proliferation
20 proliferation 21 and
21 and 23 potential
22 neurogenic 23 potential

the number of skin cancers continues to rise , accounting for approximately 40 % of all cancers reported in the united states and approximately 9,500 deaths per year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reported
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 6 continues
3 of 5 cancers
4 skin 5 cancers
6 continues 7 to
6 continues 8 rise
7 to 8 rise
9 , 18 reported
10 accounting 11 for
10 accounting 18 reported
11 for 14 %
12 approximately 13 40
13 40 14 %
14 % 15 of
15 of 17 cancers
16 all 17 cancers
18 reported 19 in
18 reported 29 .
19 in 23 and
20 the 22 states
21 united 22 states
22 states 23 and
23 and 26 deaths
23 and 27 per
24 approximately 25 9,500
25 9,500 26 deaths
27 per 28 year

studies have shown reactive oxygen species ( ros ) type free radicals are linked to skin cancer and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 studies 2 have
2 have 3 shown
3 shown 5 oxygen
3 shown 12 radicals
3 shown 14 linked
4 reactive 5 oxygen
5 oxygen 6 species
5 oxygen 10 type
6 species 8 ros
6 species 10 type
7 ( 8 ros
8 ros 9 )
11 free 12 radicals
12 radicals 13 are
13 are 14 linked
14 linked 15 to
15 to 18 and
16 skin 17 cancer
17 cancer 18 and
18 and 19 aging

therefore , it is important for us to identify agents that have anti - oxidant properties to protect skin against free radical damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 for
5 important 8 to
6 for 7 us
8 to 9 identify
9 identify 10 agents
10 agents 11 that
10 agents 12 have
11 that 12 have
12 have 16 properties
12 have 17 to
12 have 20 against
13 anti 14 -
13 anti 15 oxidant
15 oxidant 16 properties
17 to 18 protect
18 protect 19 skin
20 against 23 damage
21 free 23 damage
22 radical 23 damage

the purpose of this research is to investigate the anti - oxidant properties of bisabolol , silymarin , and ectoin that are components from chamomile , milk thistle , and halophilic bacteria , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 research
4 this 5 research
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 13 properties
8 investigate 24 from
8 investigate 34 respectively
9 the 13 properties
10 anti 11 -
10 anti 13 properties
12 oxidant 13 properties
13 properties 14 of
13 properties 21 that
13 properties 22 are
14 of 19 and
15 bisabolol 16 ,
16 , 17 silymarin
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 ectoin
21 that 22 are
22 are 23 components
24 from 30 and
25 chamomile 26 ,
26 , 28 thistle
26 , 30 and
27 milk 28 thistle
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 bacteria
30 and 33 ,
31 halophilic 32 bacteria

we measured the ability of bisabolol , silymarin , and ectoin to modulate the hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) - induced upregulation of ros free radicals in normal human skin fibroblasts in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 4 ability
2 measured 12 to
3 the 4 ability
4 ability 5 of
5 of 10 and
6 bisabolol 7 ,
7 , 8 silymarin
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 ectoin
12 to 13 modulate
13 modulate 16 peroxide
14 the 16 peroxide
15 hydrogen 16 peroxide
16 peroxide 18 h2o2
17 ( 18 h2o2
18 h2o2 19 )
20 - 22 upregulation
20 - 31 fibroblasts
21 induced 22 upregulation
22 upregulation 23 of
22 upregulation 31 fibroblasts
23 of 26 radicals
24 ros 26 radicals
25 free 26 radicals
26 radicals 27 in
27 in 30 skin
28 normal 30 skin
29 human 30 skin
31 fibroblasts 33 vitro
32 in 33 vitro

using a flow cytometry - based assay , we demonstrated that varying concentrations of these natural components were able to inhibit upregulation of h2o2 - [generated] free radicals in human skin fibroblasts in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 using 7 assay
1 using 8 ,
1 using 9 we
2 a 3 flow
2 a 7 assay
3 flow 7 assay
4 cytometry 5 -
4 cytometry 7 assay
6 based 7 assay
9 we 10 demonstrated
10 demonstrated 11 that
11 that 13 concentrations
11 that 18 were
12 varying 13 concentrations
13 concentrations 14 of
13 concentrations 18 were
14 of 17 components
15 these 17 components
16 natural 17 components
18 were 19 able
19 able 20 to
20 to 21 inhibit
21 inhibit 22 upregulation
22 upregulation 23 of
23 of 24 h2o2
25 - 27 free
27 free 28 radicals
27 free 29 in
27 free 34 vitro
29 in 32 fibroblasts
30 human 31 skin
31 skin 32 fibroblasts
33 in 34 vitro

our results indicate components of chamomile , milk thistle , and halophilic bacteria exhibit anti - oxidant capabilities and warrant further study in clinical trials to characterize their anti - cancer and anti - aging capabilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 11 and
3 indicate 14 exhibit
4 components 5 of
4 components 7 ,
5 of 6 chamomile
7 , 9 thistle
7 , 11 and
8 milk 9 thistle
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 bacteria
11 and 14 exhibit
12 halophilic 13 bacteria
14 exhibit 17 oxidant
15 anti 16 -
15 anti 17 oxidant
17 oxidant 19 and
17 oxidant 21 further
18 capabilities 19 and
19 and 20 warrant
19 and 21 further
21 further 22 study
21 further 23 in
21 further 26 to
23 in 25 trials
24 clinical 25 trials
26 to 27 characterize
27 characterize 32 and
28 their 32 and
29 anti 30 -
29 anti 31 cancer
31 cancer 32 and
32 and 36 capabilities
33 anti 34 -
33 anti 36 capabilities
35 aging 36 capabilities

telomerase plays a pivotal role in the pathology of aging and cancer by controlling telomere length and integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomerase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 telomerase 2 plays
2 plays 5 role
2 plays 6 in
2 plays 13 by
3 a 5 role
4 pivotal 5 role
6 in 11 and
7 the 8 pathology
8 pathology 9 of
8 pathology 11 and
9 of 10 aging
11 and 12 cancer
13 by 14 controlling
14 controlling 17 and
15 telomere 16 length
16 length 17 and
17 and 18 integrity

however , accumulating evidence indicates that telomerase reverse transcriptase may have fundamental biological functions [independent] of its enzymatic activity in telomere maintenance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 accumulating
3 accumulating 4 evidence
3 accumulating 5 indicates
5 indicates 9 transcriptase
5 indicates 11 have
6 that 9 transcriptase
7 telomerase 9 transcriptase
8 reverse 9 transcriptase
9 transcriptase 10 may
10 may 11 have
11 have 14 functions
12 fundamental 14 functions
13 biological 14 functions
14 functions 16 of
16 of 19 activity
17 its 19 activity
18 enzymatic 19 activity
19 activity 20 in
20 in 22 maintenance
21 telomere 22 maintenance

in this study , the ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( htert ) and its catalytic mutant htert k626a induced cancer cell invasion accompanied by the up - regulation of the metalloproteinases ( mmps ) mmp1 , - 3 , - 9 [,] and - 10 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 16 and
2 this 3 study
5 the 7 expression
6 ectopic 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 16 and
8 of 12 transcriptase
9 human 12 transcriptase
10 telomerase 12 transcriptase
11 reverse 12 transcriptase
12 transcriptase 14 htert
13 ( 14 htert
14 htert 15 )
16 and 25 invasion
16 and 26 accompanied
17 its 25 invasion
18 catalytic 19 mutant
19 mutant 22 induced
20 htert 22 induced
21 k626a 22 induced
22 induced 25 invasion
23 cancer 24 cell
24 cell 25 invasion
26 accompanied 27 by
26 accompanied 38 mmp1
27 by 31 regulation
28 the 31 regulation
29 up 30 -
29 up 31 regulation
31 regulation 32 of
32 of 34 metalloproteinases
33 the 34 metalloproteinases
34 metalloproteinases 36 mmps
35 ( 36 mmps
36 mmps 37 )
38 mmp1 41 3
39 , 41 3
40 - 41 3
41 3 42 ,
43 - 46 and
44 9 46 and
46 and 47 -
47 - 48 10

both htert and htert k626a induced mmp9 mrna expression and promoter activity in an nf - κb - dependent manner . htert and htert k626a also regulated the expression of several nf - κb target genes in cancer cell lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 k626a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 both 5 k626a
2 htert 3 and
3 and 4 htert
3 and 5 k626a
5 k626a 6 induced
6 induced 10 and
6 induced 13 in
7 mmp9 9 expression
8 mrna 9 expression
9 expression 10 and
10 and 12 activity
11 promoter 12 activity
13 in 20 manner
14 an 20 manner
15 nf 17 κb
15 nf 19 dependent
16 - 17 κb
17 κb 18 -
19 dependent 20 manner
21 . 23 and
21 . 33 -
21 . 34 κb
22 htert 23 and
23 and 24 htert
23 and 25 k626a
23 and 27 regulated
25 k626a 27 regulated
26 also 27 regulated
27 regulated 29 expression
28 the 29 expression
29 expression 30 of
30 of 32 nf
31 several 32 nf
33 - 34 κb
34 κb 36 genes
35 target 36 genes
36 genes 37 in
37 in 40 lines
38 cancer 40 lines
39 cell 40 lines

furthermore , both htert and htert k626a interacted with nf - κb p65 and increased nf - κb p65 nuclear accumulation and dna binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 k626a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 interacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 k626a
3 both 7 k626a
4 htert 5 and
5 and 6 htert
5 and 7 k626a
7 k626a 8 interacted
8 interacted 9 with
9 with 10 nf
10 nf 14 and
11 - 14 and
12 κb 13 p65
13 p65 14 and
14 and 16 nf
14 and 17 -
15 increased 16 nf
17 - 22 and
18 κb 21 accumulation
19 p65 21 accumulation
20 nuclear 21 accumulation
21 accumulation 22 and
22 and 23 dna
22 and 24 binding

a mammalian [1] - hybrid assay showed a functional interplay between htert and nf - κb p65 that may mediate nf - κb - dependent transcription activation in cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 mammalian
1 a 6 assay
2 mammalian 4 -
2 mammalian 6 assay
5 hybrid 6 assay
6 assay 7 showed
7 showed 17 p65
7 showed 27 activation
8 a 9 functional
8 a 17 p65
9 functional 10 interplay
10 interplay 11 between
10 interplay 13 and
11 between 12 htert
13 and 14 nf
13 and 15 -
13 and 16 κb
17 p65 18 that
17 p65 19 may
18 that 19 may
19 may 20 mediate
20 mediate 21 nf
21 nf 23 κb
22 - 23 κb
23 κb 24 -
25 dependent 27 activation
26 transcription 27 activation
27 activation 28 in
28 in 29 cells

together , these data reveal a telomere - independent role for telomerase as a transcriptional modulator of the nf - κb signaling [pathway] and a possible contributor to cancer development and progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 reveal
5 reveal 10 role
5 reveal 11 for
5 reveal 13 as
6 a 7 telomere
6 a 10 role
7 telomere 8 -
7 telomere 10 role
9 independent 10 role
11 for 12 telomerase
13 as 16 modulator
14 a 15 transcriptional
14 a 16 modulator
15 transcriptional 16 modulator
16 modulator 17 of
17 of 19 nf
18 the 19 nf
20 - 24 and
20 - 33 .
21 κb 22 signaling
21 κb 24 and
24 and 27 contributor
24 and 28 to
25 a 26 possible
25 a 27 contributor
26 possible 27 contributor
28 to 31 and
29 cancer 30 development
30 development 31 and
31 and 32 progression

[none] the glabellar rhytid has not only dynamic but also static cause , which is usually achieved by injection of filler . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rhytid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 the 4 rhytid
3 glabellar 4 rhytid
4 rhytid 5 has
5 has 10 also
6 not 7 only
7 only 10 also
8 dynamic 10 also
9 but 10 also
10 also 12 cause
11 static 12 cause
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 is
14 which 15 is
15 is 16 usually
15 is 18 by
16 usually 17 achieved
18 by 19 injection
19 injection 20 of
20 of 21 filler

deep glabellar rhytides , however , are difficult to correct with filler . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rhytides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 deep 3 rhytides
2 glabellar 3 rhytides
3 rhytides 7 are
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 are
7 are 8 difficult
8 difficult 9 to
8 difficult 10 correct
9 to 10 correct
10 correct 11 with
11 with 12 filler

therefore , the authors introduce a novel method of inserting a small strip [of] acellular dermal matrix ( adm ) underneath the wrinkle line . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 introduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 authors
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 introduce
5 introduce 8 method
6 a 7 novel
6 a 8 method
7 novel 8 method
8 method 9 of
9 of 10 inserting
10 inserting 17 matrix
10 inserting 21 underneath
11 a 12 small
11 a 17 matrix
12 small 13 strip
13 strip 17 matrix
15 acellular 17 matrix
16 dermal 17 matrix
17 matrix 19 adm
18 ( 19 adm
19 adm 20 )
21 underneath 24 line
22 the 24 line
23 wrinkle 24 line

from may 2009 to march 2012 , 30 patients were treated for deep glabellar wrinkles with adm augmentation by the senior author . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 from 2 may
1 from 9 patients
2 may 3 2009
4 to 5 march
4 to 7 ,
4 to 9 patients
5 march 6 2012
8 30 9 patients
9 patients 10 were
10 were 11 treated
11 treated 12 for
11 treated 16 with
11 treated 19 by
12 for 15 wrinkles
13 deep 15 wrinkles
14 glabellar 15 wrinkles
16 with 18 augmentation
17 adm 18 augmentation
19 by 22 author
20 the 22 author
21 senior 22 author

the surgical outcomes were evaluated by the physician using the lemperle scale and questionnaires filled out by the patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 outcomes
2 surgical 3 outcomes
3 outcomes 4 were
4 were 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 by
6 by 13 and
7 the 8 physician
8 physician 9 using
8 physician 13 and
9 using 12 scale
10 the 12 scale
11 lemperle 12 scale
13 and 14 questionnaires
13 and 15 filled
15 filled 16 out
15 filled 17 by
17 by 19 patients
18 the 19 patients

the deep rhytides were significantly improved after the procedure , as evaluated by objective and subjective measurements , and their improvement lasted for a long period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rhytides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 rhytides
2 deep 3 rhytides
3 rhytides 4 were
4 were 6 improved
5 significantly 6 improved
6 improved 7 after
6 improved 13 by
7 after 9 procedure
8 the 9 procedure
9 procedure 12 evaluated
10 , 12 evaluated
11 as 12 evaluated
13 by 17 measurements
14 objective 15 and
15 and 16 subjective
15 and 17 measurements
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 improvement
19 and 22 lasted
20 their 21 improvement
21 improvement 22 lasted
22 lasted 23 for
23 for 26 period
24 a 25 long
24 a 26 period
25 long 26 period

no complications such as hematomas or infection were seen on [postoperative] [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 no 2 complications
2 complications 4 as
2 complications 8 were
3 such 4 as
4 as 6 or
5 hematomas 6 or
6 or 7 infection
8 were 9 seen
9 seen 10 on
10 on 14 up
13 - 14 up

augmentation with adm provides a simple , easy , and minimally invasive option for the treatment of deep glabellar wrinkles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 augmentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 augmentation 2 with
1 augmentation 4 provides
2 with 3 adm
4 provides 13 option
5 a 6 simple
5 a 13 option
6 simple 7 ,
6 simple 13 option
8 easy 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 invasive
10 and 13 option
11 minimally 12 invasive
13 option 14 for
14 for 16 treatment
15 the 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 of
17 of 20 wrinkles
18 deep 20 wrinkles
19 glabellar 20 wrinkles

in cases of deep glabellar lines that cannot be corrected by filler injection , this procedure can be recommended as another option . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 procedure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 cases
1 in 14 ,
1 in 16 procedure
2 cases 3 of
3 of 6 lines
4 deep 6 lines
5 glabellar 6 lines
6 lines 7 that
6 lines 8 cannot
7 that 8 cannot
8 cannot 9 be
9 be 10 corrected
10 corrected 11 by
11 by 13 injection
12 filler 13 injection
15 this 16 procedure
16 procedure 17 can
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 recommended
19 recommended 20 as
20 as 22 option
21 another 22 option

studies in young adults show that a greater proportion of heat is [gained] shortly following the start of exercise and that temporal changes in whole body heat loss during intermittent exercise have a pronounced effect on body heat storage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 studies 2 in
1 studies 5 show
2 in 4 adults
3 young 4 adults
5 show 20 and
6 that 9 proportion
6 that 12 is
6 that 20 and
7 a 9 proportion
8 greater 9 proportion
9 proportion 10 of
9 proportion 12 is
10 of 11 heat
12 is 15 following
14 shortly 15 following
15 following 17 start
16 the 17 start
17 start 18 of
18 of 19 exercise
20 and 21 that
21 that 23 changes
21 that 32 have
22 temporal 23 changes
23 changes 24 in
23 changes 32 have
24 in 28 loss
25 whole 26 body
26 body 28 loss
27 heat 28 loss
28 loss 29 during
29 during 31 exercise
30 intermittent 31 exercise
32 have 35 effect
32 have 36 on
33 a 35 effect
34 pronounced 35 effect
36 on 39 storage
37 body 39 storage
38 heat 39 storage

the consequences of short - duration intermittent exercise on heat storage with aging are unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 consequences
2 consequences 3 of
2 consequences 14 are
3 of 8 exercise
4 short 5 -
4 short 6 duration
6 duration 8 exercise
7 intermittent 8 exercise
8 exercise 9 on
9 on 11 storage
10 heat 11 storage
11 storage 12 with
12 with 13 aging
14 are 15 unclear

he was not significantly different between groups during the recovery periods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 he
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 he 2 was
2 was 3 not
2 was 5 different
4 significantly 5 different
5 different 6 between
5 different 8 during
6 between 7 groups
8 during 11 periods
9 the 11 periods
10 recovery 11 periods

the net effect over 2 h was a greater δhb in older [(] 267 ± 33 kj [;] p = 0.016 ) and middle - aged adults ( 245 ± 16 kj [;] p = 0.073 ) relative to younger counterparts ( 164 ± 20 kj ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 the 3 effect
2 net 3 effect
3 effect 4 over
3 effect 7 was
4 over 6 h
5 2 6 h
7 was 23 and
8 a 10 δhb
9 greater 10 δhb
10 δhb 11 in
10 δhb 23 and
11 in 17 kj
12 older 15 ±
14 267 15 ±
15 ± 17 kj
16 33 17 kj
17 kj 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.016
20 = 22 )
23 and 24 middle
25 - 27 adults
26 aged 27 adults
27 adults 30 ±
28 ( 30 ±
29 245 30 ±
30 ± 31 16
30 ± 32 kj
30 ± 38 relative
30 ± 48 .
31 16 32 kj
32 kj 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 0.073
35 = 37 )
38 relative 39 to
39 to 41 counterparts
40 younger 41 counterparts
41 counterparts 46 kj
42 ( 46 kj
43 164 44 ±
44 ± 46 kj
45 20 46 kj
46 kj 47 )

none none introduction : amp - activated protein [kinase] ( ampk ) maintains cultured chondrocyte matrix homeostasis in response to inflammatory cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 cultured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 none 3 introduction
1 none 4 :
1 none 13 maintains
1 none 14 cultured
2 none 3 introduction
3 introduction 4 :
5 amp 8 protein
5 amp 13 maintains
6 - 8 protein
7 activated 8 protein
8 protein 11 ampk
8 protein 12 )
10 ( 11 ampk
11 ampk 12 )
14 cultured 17 homeostasis
14 cultured 20 to
15 chondrocyte 17 homeostasis
16 matrix 17 homeostasis
18 in 19 response
19 response 20 to
20 to 22 cytokines
21 inflammatory 22 cytokines

ampk activity is decreased in human knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) chondrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ampk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 ampk 2 activity
1 ampk 3 is
1 ampk 4 decreased
2 activity 3 is
4 decreased 5 in
4 decreased 12 chondrocytes
5 in 8 osteoarthritis
6 human 7 knee
7 knee 8 osteoarthritis
8 osteoarthritis 10 oa
9 ( 10 oa
10 oa 11 )

liver kinase b1 ( lkb1 ) is one of the upstream activators of ampk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 b1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 liver 2 kinase
2 kinase 3 b1
3 b1 5 lkb1
3 b1 7 is
4 ( 5 lkb1
5 lkb1 6 )
7 is 8 one
8 one 9 of
9 of 12 activators
10 the 12 activators
11 upstream 12 activators
12 activators 13 of
13 of 14 ampk

hence , we examined the relationship between lkb1 and ampk activity in oa and aging cartilages , and in chondrocytes subjected to inflammatory cytokine treatment and biomechanical compression injury , and performed translational studies of ampk pharmacologic activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 3 we
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 9 and
4 examined 31 and
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 9 and
7 between 8 lkb1
9 and 11 activity
9 and 18 and
9 and 31 and
10 ampk 11 activity
12 in 14 and
12 in 18 and
13 oa 14 and
14 and 16 cartilages
15 aging 16 cartilages
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 in
19 in 20 chondrocytes
21 subjected 22 to
21 subjected 29 injury
21 subjected 31 and
22 to 26 and
23 inflammatory 24 cytokine
24 cytokine 25 treatment
25 treatment 26 and
26 and 28 compression
27 biomechanical 28 compression
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 performed
32 performed 34 studies
33 translational 34 studies
34 studies 35 of
35 of 38 activation
36 ampk 38 activation
37 pharmacologic 38 activation

methods : we assessed activity ( phosphorylation [ )(of lkb1 and ampkα in mouse knee oa cartilage , in aging mouse cartilage ( 6 to 24 months ) , and in chondrocytes after mechanical injury by dynamic compression , via immunohistochemistry or western blot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 assessed
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 activity
4 assessed 30 and
4 assessed 33 after
4 assessed 36 by
5 activity 7 phosphorylation
6 ( 7 phosphorylation
7 phosphorylation 9 )(of
7 phosphorylation 13 in
7 phosphorylation 18 ,
9 )(of 11 and
10 lkb1 11 and
11 and 12 ampkα
13 in 17 cartilage
14 mouse 15 knee
15 knee 17 cartilage
16 oa 17 cartilage
19 in 20 aging
19 in 30 and
20 aging 22 cartilage
21 mouse 22 cartilage
22 cartilage 27 months
23 ( 27 months
24 6 25 to
25 to 26 24
25 to 27 months
27 months 28 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 in
31 in 32 chondrocytes
33 after 35 injury
34 mechanical 35 injury
36 by 38 compression
37 dynamic 38 compression
38 compression 40 via
39 , 40 via
40 via 42 or
40 via 45 .
41 immunohistochemistry 42 or
42 or 44 blot
43 western 44 blot

we knocked down lkb1 by sirna transfection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 knocked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 we 2 knocked
2 knocked 3 down
2 knocked 4 lkb1
2 knocked 5 by
5 by 7 transfection
6 sirna 7 transfection

nitric [oxide] , matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) - 3 , and mmp - 13 release were measured by griess reaction and elisa , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 nitric 5 metalloproteinase
1 nitric 12 and
3 , 5 metalloproteinase
4 matrix 5 metalloproteinase
5 metalloproteinase 7 mmp
5 metalloproteinase 10 3
5 metalloproteinase 11 ,
6 ( 7 mmp
7 mmp 8 )
9 - 10 3
10 3 11 ,
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 mmp
12 and 15 13
12 and 16 release
12 and 17 were
14 - 15 13
15 13 16 release
17 were 18 measured
18 measured 19 by
18 measured 25 respectively
19 by 22 and
20 griess 21 reaction
21 reaction 22 and
22 and 23 elisa
22 and 24 ,

results : knockdown of lkb1 attenuated chondrocyte ampk activity , and increased nitric oxide , mmp - 3 and mmp - 13 release ( p < 0.05 ) in response to il - 1β and tnfα . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 and
3 knockdown 4 of
3 knockdown 11 and
4 of 9 activity
5 lkb1 6 attenuated
6 attenuated 7 chondrocyte
7 chondrocyte 9 activity
8 ampk 9 activity
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 oxide
11 and 16 mmp
12 increased 14 oxide
13 nitric 14 oxide
15 , 16 mmp
16 mmp 20 mmp
16 mmp 37 .
17 - 20 mmp
18 3 19 and
19 and 20 mmp
20 mmp 22 13
20 mmp 23 release
20 mmp 35 and
20 mmp 37 .
21 - 22 13
22 13 23 release
23 release 26 <
23 release 31 to
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.05
26 < 28 )
29 in 30 response
30 response 31 to
31 to 32 il
33 - 35 and
34 1β 35 and
35 and 36 tnfα
35 and 37 .

both lkb1 and ampk activity were decreased in mouse knee oa and aged knee cartilage , and in bovine chondrocytes after biomechanical injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 both 3 and
2 lkb1 3 and
3 and 5 activity
3 and 6 were
4 ampk 5 activity
6 were 7 decreased
7 decreased 17 and
7 decreased 21 after
8 in 12 and
8 in 17 and
9 mouse 10 knee
10 knee 11 oa
11 oa 12 and
12 and 15 cartilage
13 aged 14 knee
14 knee 15 cartilage
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 in
18 in 20 chondrocytes
19 bovine 20 chondrocytes
21 after 23 injury
22 biomechanical 23 injury

pretreatment of bovine chondrocytes with ampk activators aicar and a - 769662 inhibited both ampkα dephosphorylation and catabolic responses after biomechanical injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pretreatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 activators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 pretreatment 2 of
1 pretreatment 7 activators
2 of 4 chondrocytes
3 bovine 4 chondrocytes
4 chondrocytes 5 with
5 with 6 ampk
7 activators 8 aicar
9 and 10 a
9 and 11 -
10 a 11 -
11 - 12 769662
12 769662 13 inhibited
13 inhibited 17 and
13 inhibited 20 after
14 both 17 and
15 ampkα 16 dephosphorylation
16 dephosphorylation 17 and
17 and 19 responses
18 catabolic 19 responses
20 after 22 injury
21 biomechanical 22 injury

conclusion : lkb1 is required for chondrocyte ampk activity , thereby inhibiting matrix catabolic responses to inflammatory cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 lkb1
2 : 5 required
3 lkb1 4 is
4 is 5 required
5 required 6 for
6 for 9 activity
7 chondrocyte 9 activity
8 ampk 9 activity
9 activity 12 inhibiting
10 , 12 inhibiting
11 thereby 12 inhibiting
12 inhibiting 15 responses
12 inhibiting 16 to
12 inhibiting 19 .
13 matrix 15 responses
14 catabolic 15 responses
16 to 18 cytokines
17 inflammatory 18 cytokines

concurrent loss of lkb1 and ampk activity in articular chondrocytes is associated with oa , aging and biomechanical injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 concurrent 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 12 associated
2 loss 17 and
3 of 6 ampk
4 lkb1 5 and
5 and 6 ampk
6 ampk 7 activity
6 ampk 11 is
7 activity 8 in
7 activity 11 is
8 in 10 chondrocytes
9 articular 10 chondrocytes
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 ,
12 associated 16 aging
13 with 14 oa
17 and 19 injury
18 biomechanical 19 injury

conversely , pharmacologic ampk activation attenuates catabolic responses to biomechanical injury , suggesting a potentially novel approach to inhibit oa development and progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 attenuates
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 5 activation
3 pharmacologic 5 activation
4 ampk 5 activation
5 activation 6 attenuates
6 attenuates 8 responses
6 attenuates 9 to
7 catabolic 8 responses
9 to 11 injury
10 biomechanical 11 injury
11 injury 13 suggesting
12 , 13 suggesting
13 suggesting 17 approach
13 suggesting 18 to
13 suggesting 24 .
14 a 17 approach
15 potentially 16 novel
16 novel 17 approach
18 to 19 inhibit
19 inhibit 22 and
20 oa 21 development
21 development 22 and
22 and 23 progression

the conversion of what has been interpreted as " normal brain aging " to alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) via transition states , i.e [.] , preclinical ad and mild cognitive impairment , [appears] to be a continuous process caused primarily by aging - dependent accumulation of amyloid β peptide ( aβ ) in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conversion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
1 the 2 conversion
2 conversion 3 of
2 conversion 5 has
3 of 4 what
5 has 6 been
6 been 11 brain
7 interpreted 11 brain
8 as 9 "
8 as 10 normal
10 normal 11 brain
11 brain 12 aging
11 brain 21 via
12 aging 13 "
12 aging 14 to
14 to 17 disease
15 alzheimer 16 's
16 's 17 disease
17 disease 19 ad
18 ( 19 ad
19 ad 20 )
21 via 30 and
22 transition 23 states
23 states 24 ,
24 , 25 i.e
24 , 27 ,
27 , 29 ad
27 , 30 and
28 preclinical 29 ad
30 and 33 impairment
30 and 34 ,
30 and 36 to
30 and 37 be
31 mild 33 impairment
32 cognitive 33 impairment
36 to 37 be
37 be 40 process
38 a 40 process
39 continuous 40 process
40 process 41 caused
40 process 47 accumulation
41 caused 42 primarily
42 primarily 43 by
43 by 44 aging
45 - 47 accumulation
46 dependent 47 accumulation
47 accumulation 48 of
47 accumulation 55 in
47 accumulation 58 .
48 of 51 peptide
49 amyloid 51 peptide
50 β 51 peptide
51 peptide 53 aβ
52 ( 53 aβ
53 aβ 54 )
55 in 57 brain
56 the 57 brain

this notion however gives us a hope that , by manipulating the aβ levels in the brain , we may be able not only to [prevent] [and] cure the disease but also to partially control some very significant aspects of brain aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 notion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 cure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 this 2 notion
2 notion 4 gives
3 however 4 gives
4 gives 5 us
4 gives 7 hope
4 gives 25 to
6 a 7 hope
7 hope 8 that
8 that 19 we
8 that 21 be
9 , 10 by
10 by 11 manipulating
10 by 18 ,
10 by 19 we
11 manipulating 14 levels
11 manipulating 15 in
12 the 14 levels
13 aβ 14 levels
15 in 17 brain
16 the 17 brain
19 we 20 may
20 may 21 be
21 be 22 able
23 not 25 to
24 only 25 to
25 to 28 cure
28 cure 30 disease
28 cure 31 but
29 the 30 disease
31 but 33 to
31 but 35 control
32 also 33 to
33 to 35 control
34 partially 35 control
35 control 39 aspects
36 some 39 aspects
37 very 38 significant
38 significant 39 aspects
39 aspects 40 of
40 of 41 brain
41 brain 42 aging

aβ is constantly produced from its precursor and immediately catabolized under normal conditions , whereas dysmetabolism of aβ seems to lead to pathological deposition upon aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aβ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 aβ 8 and
2 is 4 produced
2 is 8 and
3 constantly 4 produced
4 produced 5 from
5 from 7 precursor
6 its 7 precursor
8 and 10 catabolized
9 immediately 10 catabolized
10 catabolized 11 under
10 catabolized 15 whereas
11 under 13 conditions
12 normal 13 conditions
14 , 15 whereas
15 whereas 16 dysmetabolism
16 dysmetabolism 17 of
16 dysmetabolism 19 seems
17 of 18 aβ
19 seems 20 to
19 seems 21 lead
20 to 21 lead
21 lead 22 to
21 lead 25 upon
22 to 24 deposition
23 pathological 24 deposition
25 upon 26 aging

we have focused our attention on elucidation of the unresolved mechanism of aβ catabolism in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 focused
3 focused 5 attention
3 focused 6 on
4 our 5 attention
6 on 7 elucidation
7 elucidation 8 of
8 of 11 mechanism
9 the 11 mechanism
10 unresolved 11 mechanism
11 mechanism 12 of
12 of 13 aβ
13 aβ 14 catabolism
14 catabolism 15 in
15 in 17 brain
16 the 17 brain

in this review , i describe a new approach to prevent ad development by reducing aβ burdens in aging brains through up - regulation of the catabolic mechanism involving neprilysin that can degrade both monomeric and oligomeric forms of aβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 i
2 this 3 review
5 i 6 describe
6 describe 9 approach
7 a 9 approach
8 new 9 approach
9 approach 10 to
9 approach 18 in
9 approach 19 aging
10 to 11 prevent
11 prevent 13 development
11 prevent 14 by
12 ad 13 development
14 by 15 reducing
15 reducing 17 burdens
15 reducing 18 in
16 aβ 17 burdens
19 aging 20 brains
19 aging 21 through
21 through 24 regulation
22 up 23 -
22 up 24 regulation
24 regulation 25 of
24 regulation 39 of
25 of 28 mechanism
26 the 28 mechanism
27 catabolic 28 mechanism
28 mechanism 29 involving
29 involving 30 neprilysin
30 neprilysin 31 that
30 neprilysin 32 can
31 that 32 can
32 can 33 degrade
33 degrade 36 and
34 both 36 and
35 monomeric 36 and
36 and 38 forms
37 oligomeric 38 forms
39 of 40 aβ

the strategy of combining presymptomatic diagnosis with preventive medicine seems to be the most pragmatic in both medical and socioeconomical terms [.] ( communicated by kunihiko suzuki , m.j.a [.] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 strategy
2 strategy 3 of
2 strategy 10 seems
3 of 4 combining
4 combining 6 diagnosis
4 combining 7 with
5 presymptomatic 6 diagnosis
7 with 9 medicine
8 preventive 9 medicine
10 seems 11 to
10 seems 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 14 most
12 be 15 pragmatic
13 the 14 most
15 pragmatic 16 in
16 in 21 terms
17 both 21 terms
18 medical 19 and
19 and 20 socioeconomical
19 and 21 terms
21 terms 24 communicated
21 terms 29 m.j.a
23 ( 24 communicated
24 communicated 25 by
24 communicated 28 ,
25 by 27 suzuki
26 kunihiko 27 suzuki
28 , 29 m.j.a
29 m.j.a 31 )

positron emission tomography ( pet ) [with] ( 18 )f - fluorodeoxyglucose ( [(] 18 )f - fdg ) , a glucose analog , is widely used throughout the world as an indispensable imaging modality for the management of cancer treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tomography
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 positron 3 tomography
2 emission 3 tomography
3 tomography 5 pet
3 tomography 10 )f
3 tomography 12 fluorodeoxyglucose
3 tomography 25 is
4 ( 5 pet
5 pet 6 )
8 ( 10 )f
9 18 10 )f
10 )f 11 -
11 - 12 fluorodeoxyglucose
12 fluorodeoxyglucose 16 )f
12 fluorodeoxyglucose 24 ,
13 ( 16 )f
15 18 16 )f
16 )f 18 fdg
16 )f 23 analog
16 )f 24 ,
17 - 18 fdg
18 fdg 19 )
20 , 23 analog
21 a 23 analog
22 glucose 23 analog
23 analog 24 ,
25 is 27 used
26 widely 27 used
27 used 28 throughout
27 used 31 as
28 throughout 30 world
29 the 30 world
31 as 35 modality
32 an 35 modality
33 indispensable 35 modality
34 imaging 35 modality
35 modality 36 for
35 modality 39 of
36 for 38 management
37 the 38 management
39 of 41 treatment
40 cancer 41 treatment

this article reviews the pioneering achievements of pet in oncology with a focus on the development of pet that occurred from 1980 through the early - 1990 s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 6 achievements
3 reviews 9 in
3 reviews 11 with
4 the 6 achievements
5 pioneering 6 achievements
6 achievements 7 of
7 of 8 pet
9 in 10 oncology
11 with 13 focus
11 with 28 s
12 a 13 focus
13 focus 14 on
13 focus 17 of
13 focus 19 that
13 focus 20 occurred
14 on 16 development
15 the 16 development
17 of 18 pet
19 that 20 occurred
20 occurred 21 from
20 occurred 23 through
21 from 22 1980
23 through 25 early
24 the 25 early
26 - 27 1990
27 1990 28 s

[(] 18 )f - fdg was first applied for imaging of animal tumors in 1980 and for brain tumor imaging clinically in 1982 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fdg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 18 5 fdg
3 )f 4 -
3 )f 5 fdg
5 fdg 6 was
6 was 8 applied
7 first 8 applied
8 applied 9 for
8 applied 21 clinically
8 applied 22 in
9 for 10 imaging
10 imaging 11 of
11 of 13 tumors
12 animal 13 tumors
13 tumors 16 and
14 in 15 1980
14 in 16 and
16 and 17 for
17 for 20 imaging
18 brain 19 tumor
19 tumor 20 imaging
22 in 23 1982

[(] 18 )f - fdg enabled [to] visualize liver metastasis [as] [clear] [positive] [image] that could not be obtained by conventional nuclear imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fdg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 visualize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 18 5 fdg
3 )f 4 -
3 )f 5 fdg
5 fdg 6 enabled
5 fdg 8 visualize
8 visualize 10 metastasis
9 liver 10 metastasis
10 metastasis 15 that
10 metastasis 16 could
15 that 16 could
16 could 17 not
16 could 18 be
18 be 19 obtained
19 obtained 20 by
20 by 23 imaging
21 conventional 23 imaging
22 nuclear 23 imaging

subsequently , [(] 18 )f - fdg was used for imaging various cancers , [such] [as] lung , pancreas , colorectal and hepatoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 fdg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 7 fdg
4 18 7 fdg
5 )f 6 -
5 )f 7 fdg
7 fdg 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 for
10 for 11 imaging
11 imaging 22 and
12 various 13 cancers
13 cancers 14 ,
14 , 17 lung
14 , 18 ,
18 , 19 pancreas
18 , 20 ,
20 , 21 colorectal
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 hepatoma

[(] 18 )f - fdg and ( 11 )c - met were proved to be sensitive tracers that can be used to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of cancer treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fdg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 18 5 fdg
3 )f 4 -
3 )f 5 fdg
6 and 7 (
6 and 13 proved
7 ( 13 proved
8 11 11 met
9 )c 10 -
9 )c 11 met
11 met 12 were
12 were 13 proved
13 proved 14 to
14 to 15 be
15 be 17 tracers
16 sensitive 17 tracers
17 tracers 18 that
17 tracers 24 evaluate
18 that 19 can
19 can 20 be
20 be 21 used
21 used 22 to
21 used 24 evaluate
22 to 24 evaluate
23 objectively 24 evaluate
24 evaluate 26 effectiveness
25 the 26 effectiveness
26 effectiveness 27 of
27 of 29 treatment
28 cancer 29 treatment

the diagnostic accuracy of pet , which is critical in clinical practice , was evaluated for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign lung nodules using ( 18 )f - fdg [or] ( 11 )c - met . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 3 accuracy
2 diagnostic 3 accuracy
3 accuracy 4 of
3 accuracy 14 was
4 of 5 pet
5 pet 7 which
6 , 7 which
7 which 8 is
7 which 13 ,
8 is 9 critical
9 critical 10 in
10 in 12 practice
11 clinical 12 practice
14 was 15 evaluated
15 evaluated 16 for
15 evaluated 26 using
16 for 19 diagnosis
17 the 19 diagnosis
18 differential 19 diagnosis
19 diagnosis 20 of
20 of 25 nodules
21 malignant 22 and
22 and 23 benign
22 and 25 nodules
24 lung 25 nodules
26 using 30 -
26 using 37 met
27 ( 30 -
28 18 29 )f
29 )f 30 -
30 - 31 fdg
30 - 36 -
31 fdg 35 )c
33 ( 35 )c
34 11 35 )c
35 )c 36 -

in addition to [(] 18 )f - fdg and [(] 11 )c - met , many radiopharmaceuticals were developed , such as [(] 18 )f - labled thymidine analogs for evaluating proliferative activity , [(] 18 )f - fluoromisonidazole for imaging of hypoxia , and [(] 18 )f - fluorodeoxygalactose for evaluating liver - specific galactose metabolism [and] for imaging of hepatoma that retains galactose metabolic activity . 
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 9 and
3 to 8 fdg
5 18 8 fdg
6 )f 7 -
6 )f 8 fdg
9 and 14 met
9 and 15 ,
9 and 17 radiopharmaceuticals
9 and 18 were
9 and 19 developed
11 11 14 met
12 )c 13 -
12 )c 14 met
16 many 17 radiopharmaceuticals
17 radiopharmaceuticals 18 were
19 developed 22 as
19 developed 29 analogs
19 developed 30 for
20 , 22 as
21 such 22 as
22 as 25 )f
22 as 26 -
24 18 25 )f
27 labled 29 analogs
28 thymidine 29 analogs
30 for 31 evaluating
31 evaluating 33 activity
32 proliferative 33 activity
33 activity 38 -
34 , 38 -
36 18 37 )f
37 )f 38 -
38 - 45 and
39 fluoromisonidazole 40 for
39 fluoromisonidazole 45 and
40 for 41 imaging
41 imaging 42 of
42 of 43 hypoxia
44 , 45 and
45 and 48 )f
45 and 49 -
45 and 50 fluorodeoxygalactose
45 and 57 metabolism
47 18 48 )f
49 - 50 fluorodeoxygalactose
50 fluorodeoxygalactose 51 for
50 fluorodeoxygalactose 54 -
51 for 53 liver
52 evaluating 53 liver
54 - 57 metabolism
55 specific 57 metabolism
56 galactose 57 metabolism
57 metabolism 59 for
57 metabolism 68 .
59 for 60 imaging
60 imaging 61 of
61 of 62 hepatoma
62 hepatoma 63 that
62 hepatoma 64 retains
63 that 64 retains
64 retains 67 activity
65 galactose 67 activity
66 metabolic 67 activity

these early efforts and achievements have greatly contributed to the development and clinical application of [(] 18 )f - fdg pet in oncology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 3 efforts
2 early 3 efforts
3 efforts 4 and
4 and 5 achievements
4 and 6 have
6 have 8 contributed
7 greatly 8 contributed
8 contributed 9 to
9 to 12 and
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 and
12 and 14 application
12 and 15 of
13 clinical 14 application
15 of 21 pet
17 18 21 pet
18 )f 19 -
18 )f 21 pet
20 fdg 21 pet
21 pet 22 in
22 in 23 oncology

cognitive deficits and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) are typical features of patients with dementia such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , vascular dementia ( vd ) , and other forms of senile dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 cognitive 2 deficits
3 and 7 symptoms
3 and 13 are
4 behavioral 5 and
5 and 6 psychological
5 and 7 symptoms
7 symptoms 8 of
7 symptoms 11 bpsd
7 symptoms 13 are
8 of 9 dementia
10 ( 11 bpsd
11 bpsd 12 )
13 are 35 and
14 typical 15 features
15 features 16 of
15 features 18 with
15 features 35 and
16 of 17 patients
18 with 19 dementia
19 dementia 21 as
20 such 21 as
21 as 24 disease
22 alzheimer 23 's
23 's 24 disease
24 disease 26 ad
24 disease 30 dementia
25 ( 26 ad
26 ad 27 )
28 , 30 dementia
29 vascular 30 dementia
30 dementia 32 vd
30 dementia 33 )
31 ( 32 vd
32 vd 33 )
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 forms
35 and 38 of
36 other 37 forms
38 of 40 dementia
39 senile 40 dementia

clinical evidence has demonstrated the potential usefulness of chotosan ( cts ) and yokukansan ( yks ) , traditional herbal formulations called kampo medicines , in the treatment of cognitive disturbance and bpsd in dementia patients , although the indications targeted by cts and yks in kampo medicine differ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 clinical 2 evidence
1 clinical 3 has
1 clinical 4 demonstrated
2 evidence 3 has
4 demonstrated 7 usefulness
5 the 7 usefulness
6 potential 7 usefulness
7 usefulness 8 of
7 usefulness 11 cts
8 of 9 chotosan
10 ( 11 cts
11 cts 12 )
13 and 21 formulations
13 and 22 called
14 yokukansan 16 yks
14 yokukansan 18 ,
14 yokukansan 21 formulations
15 ( 16 yks
16 yks 17 )
19 traditional 21 formulations
20 herbal 21 formulations
21 formulations 22 called
22 called 23 kampo
22 called 24 medicines
22 called 26 in
22 called 38 although
25 , 26 in
26 in 32 and
26 in 37 ,
27 the 28 treatment
28 treatment 29 of
28 treatment 32 and
29 of 31 disturbance
30 cognitive 31 disturbance
32 and 33 bpsd
32 and 34 in
34 in 36 patients
35 dementia 36 patients
38 although 44 and
39 the 40 indications
40 indications 41 targeted
40 indications 44 and
41 targeted 42 by
42 by 43 cts
44 and 45 yks
44 and 46 in
44 and 49 differ
46 in 48 medicine
47 kampo 48 medicine

the availability of cts and yks for treating dementia patients is supported by preclinical studies using animal models of dementia that include cognitive/emotional deficits caused by aging and diabetes , dementia risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 availability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 availability
2 availability 3 of
2 availability 11 is
3 of 6 yks
4 cts 5 and
5 and 6 yks
6 yks 7 for
7 for 8 treating
8 treating 10 patients
9 dementia 10 patients
11 is 12 supported
12 supported 13 by
13 by 28 and
14 preclinical 15 studies
15 studies 16 using
15 studies 19 of
15 studies 28 and
16 using 18 models
17 animal 18 models
19 of 20 dementia
20 dementia 21 that
20 dementia 25 caused
21 that 24 deficits
21 that 25 caused
22 include 24 deficits
23 cognitive/emotional 24 deficits
24 deficits 25 caused
25 caused 26 by
26 by 27 aging
28 and 29 diabetes
30 , 33 factors
31 dementia 33 factors
32 risk 33 factors

these studies have led not only [to] the concept of a neuronal basis for the cts - and yks - induced amelioration of cognitive function and emotional/psychiatric symptom - related behavior in animal models , but also to a proposal [that] ingredient [(] [s] [ )(of uncariae uncis cum ramulus , a medicinal herb included in cts and yks , [may] [play] an important role in the actions of these formulae in dementia patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 not
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 led
5 not 6 only
6 only 9 concept
8 the 9 concept
9 concept 10 of
9 concept 14 for
9 concept 21 induced
10 of 13 basis
11 a 13 basis
12 neuronal 13 basis
14 for 18 and
15 the 16 cts
16 cts 18 and
17 - 18 and
18 and 19 yks
18 and 20 -
21 induced 31 behavior
22 amelioration 23 of
22 amelioration 26 and
23 of 25 function
24 cognitive 25 function
26 and 28 symptom
26 and 29 -
26 and 30 related
26 and 31 behavior
27 emotional/psychiatric 28 symptom
31 behavior 36 but
32 in 34 models
32 in 36 but
33 animal 34 models
35 , 36 but
36 but 37 also
36 but 38 to
38 to 42 ingredient
39 a 42 ingredient
40 proposal 42 ingredient
42 ingredient 46 )(of
46 )(of 58 and
47 uncariae 48 uncis
48 uncis 50 ramulus
49 cum 50 ramulus
50 ramulus 51 ,
51 , 54 herb
51 , 58 and
52 a 53 medicinal
52 a 54 herb
53 medicinal 54 herb
54 herb 55 included
54 herb 56 in
56 in 57 cts
58 and 59 yks
59 yks 71 formulae
60 , 71 formulae
63 an 64 important
63 an 71 formulae
64 important 65 role
65 role 66 in
66 in 68 actions
67 the 68 actions
68 actions 69 of
69 of 70 these
71 formulae 72 in
71 formulae 75 .
72 in 74 patients
73 dementia 74 patients

further studies are needed to clarify the active ingredients of these formulae and their target endogenous molecules implicated in the anti - dementia drug - like actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 clarify
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 clarify
6 clarify 9 ingredients
7 the 9 ingredients
8 active 9 ingredients
9 ingredients 10 of
10 of 17 molecules
11 these 17 molecules
12 formulae 13 and
13 and 15 target
13 and 17 molecules
14 their 15 target
16 endogenous 17 molecules
17 molecules 18 implicated
18 implicated 19 in
19 in 24 drug
20 the 24 drug
21 anti 22 -
21 anti 24 drug
23 dementia 24 drug
24 drug 26 like
25 - 26 like
26 like 27 actions
26 like 28 .

background : the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between a [purported] luteinizing hormone/chorionic [gonadotropin] ( lhcgr ) high function polymorphism ( rs4539842/inslq ) and outcome to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( coh ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 30 to
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 28 and
11 the 12 relationship
12 relationship 13 between
12 relationship 28 and
13 between 24 polymorphism
14 a 24 polymorphism
16 luteinizing 22 high
17 hormone/chorionic 20 lhcgr
17 hormone/chorionic 21 )
17 hormone/chorionic 22 high
19 ( 20 lhcgr
20 lhcgr 21 )
22 high 23 function
23 function 24 polymorphism
24 polymorphism 26 rs4539842/inslq
25 ( 26 rs4539842/inslq
26 rs4539842/inslq 27 )
28 and 29 outcome
30 to 33 hyperstimulation
31 controlled 33 hyperstimulation
32 ovarian 33 hyperstimulation
33 hyperstimulation 35 coh
34 ( 35 coh
35 coh 36 )

methods : this was a prospective study of 172 patients undergoing coh at the fertility and ivf center at gwu . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 was
3 this 4 was
4 was 7 study
4 was 13 at
4 was 19 at
5 a 7 study
6 prospective 7 study
7 study 8 of
7 study 11 undergoing
8 of 10 patients
9 172 10 patients
11 undergoing 12 coh
13 at 18 center
14 the 18 center
15 fertility 16 and
16 and 17 ivf
17 ivf 18 center
19 at 20 gwu

dna was isolated from blood samples and a region encompassing the inslq polymorphism was sequenced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 dna 2 was
2 was 3 isolated
3 isolated 4 from
4 from 6 samples
5 blood 6 samples
7 and 9 region
7 and 15 sequenced
8 a 9 region
9 region 10 encompassing
9 region 14 was
10 encompassing 13 polymorphism
11 the 13 polymorphism
12 inslq 13 polymorphism
14 was 15 sequenced

we also investigated a polymorphism ( rs4073366 g > c ) [that] [was] 142 bp from inslq . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 3 investigated
2 also 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 polymorphism
3 investigated 16 from
4 a 5 polymorphism
5 polymorphism 7 rs4073366
6 ( 7 rs4073366
7 rs4073366 9 >
7 rs4073366 11 )
8 g 9 >
9 > 10 c
14 142 15 bp
15 bp 16 from
16 from 17 inslq

the association of the inslq and rs4073366 alleles and outcome to coh ( [number] of mature follicles , estradiol level on day of human chorionic gonadotropin ( hcg ) administration , the number of eggs retrieved and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( ohss ) ) was determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 6 and
3 of 5 inslq
4 the 5 inslq
6 and 8 alleles
6 and 9 and
7 rs4073366 8 alleles
9 and 10 outcome
9 and 11 to
9 and 15 of
11 to 12 coh
13 ( 15 of
15 of 17 follicles
15 of 18 ,
16 mature 17 follicles
18 , 20 level
18 , 46 determined
19 estradiol 20 level
20 level 21 on
20 level 45 was
21 on 22 day
22 day 23 of
22 day 30 administration
22 day 37 and
23 of 26 gonadotropin
24 human 26 gonadotropin
25 chorionic 26 gonadotropin
27 ( 30 administration
28 hcg 29 )
28 hcg 30 administration
30 administration 31 ,
31 , 37 and
32 the 33 number
33 number 34 of
33 number 37 and
34 of 35 eggs
35 eggs 36 retrieved
37 and 40 syndrome
37 and 42 ohss
37 and 44 )
38 ovarian 39 hyperstimulation
39 hyperstimulation 40 syndrome
41 ( 42 ohss
42 ohss 43 )
45 was 46 determined

results : increasing age and higher day 3 ( basal ) fsh levels were significantly associated with poorer response [to] coh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 22 .
3 increasing 4 age
4 age 5 and
5 and 7 day
5 and 17 with
6 higher 7 day
7 day 8 3
7 day 16 associated
9 ( 16 associated
10 basal 11 )
10 basal 12 fsh
12 fsh 13 levels
12 fsh 14 were
12 fsh 16 associated
13 levels 14 were
14 were 15 significantly
17 with 21 coh
18 poorer 19 response
19 response 21 coh

we found that both inslq and rs4073366 were in linkage disequilibrium ( ld ) and no patients were homozygous for both recessive alleles ( inslq/inslq [;] c/c ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 6 and
3 that 8 were
4 both 6 and
5 inslq 6 and
6 and 7 rs4073366
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 in
9 in 11 disequilibrium
10 linkage 11 disequilibrium
11 disequilibrium 13 ld
12 ( 13 ld
13 ld 14 )
15 and 17 patients
15 and 18 were
16 no 17 patients
17 patients 18 were
18 were 19 homozygous
19 homozygous 20 for
20 for 23 alleles
21 both 23 alleles
22 recessive 23 alleles
23 alleles 27 c/c
24 ( 27 c/c
25 inslq/inslq 27 c/c
27 c/c 28 )

the inslq variant was not significantly associated with any of the main outcomes to coh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 variant
2 inslq 3 variant
3 variant 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 7 associated
6 significantly 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 14 to
8 with 9 any
9 any 10 of
10 of 13 outcomes
11 the 12 main
11 the 13 outcomes
14 to 15 coh

carrier status for the rs4073366 [c] variant was associated ( p = 0.033 ) with an increased risk ( or 2.95 , 95 % ci = 1.09 - 7.96 [ )(of developing ohss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 carrier
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 carrier 2 status
1 carrier 8 was
1 carrier 9 associated
2 status 3 for
2 status 8 was
3 for 7 variant
4 the 7 variant
5 rs4073366 7 variant
9 associated 12 =
9 associated 15 with
10 ( 12 =
11 p 12 =
12 = 13 0.033
12 = 14 )
15 with 18 risk
16 an 18 risk
17 increased 18 risk
18 risk 20 or
19 ( 20 or
20 or 21 2.95
20 or 22 ,
22 , 25 ci
22 , 26 =
23 95 25 ci
24 % 25 ci
25 ci 26 =
26 = 28 -
27 1.09 28 -
28 - 29 7.96
28 - 31 )(of
31 )(of 32 developing
32 developing 33 ohss

conclusions : while age and day 3 fsh levels were predictive [of] [outcome] , we found no association between inslq and patient response to coh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 9 levels
2 : 10 were
2 : 14 ,
3 while 5 and
3 while 9 levels
4 age 5 and
5 and 6 day
7 3 9 levels
8 fsh 9 levels
9 levels 10 were
10 were 11 predictive
14 , 15 we
14 , 16 found
15 we 16 found
16 found 18 association
16 found 19 between
16 found 24 to
17 no 18 association
19 between 21 and
20 inslq 21 and
21 and 23 response
22 patient 23 response
24 to 25 coh

interestingly , rs4073366 c variant carrier status was associated with ohss risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rs4073366
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 rs4073366
3 rs4073366 4 c
3 rs4073366 7 status
3 rs4073366 8 was
3 rs4073366 9 associated
5 variant 6 carrier
6 carrier 7 status
7 status 8 was
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 risk
11 ohss 12 risk

to the best of our knowledge , this is the first report suggesting that lhcgr genetic variation might function in patient risk for ohss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 3 best
1 to 7 ,
1 to 8 this
2 the 3 best
3 best 4 of
4 of 6 knowledge
5 our 6 knowledge
8 this 9 is
9 is 12 report
10 the 12 report
11 first 12 report
12 report 13 suggesting
13 suggesting 14 that
14 that 17 variation
14 that 19 function
15 lhcgr 17 variation
16 genetic 17 variation
17 variation 18 might
18 might 19 function
19 function 20 in
20 in 22 risk
21 patient 22 risk
22 risk 23 for
23 for 24 ohss

none [background] : knee osteoarthritis ( koa ) risk is increased by obesity and physical activities ( pa ) [which] mechanically stress the joint . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 4 knee
3 : 11 increased
3 : 14 and
3 : 25 .
4 knee 5 osteoarthritis
4 knee 9 risk
4 knee 10 is
5 osteoarthritis 7 koa
5 osteoarthritis 9 risk
6 ( 7 koa
7 koa 8 )
10 is 11 increased
11 increased 12 by
12 by 13 obesity
14 and 16 activities
14 and 22 stress
15 physical 16 activities
16 activities 18 pa
16 activities 22 stress
17 ( 18 pa
18 pa 19 )
21 mechanically 22 stress
22 stress 24 joint
23 the 24 joint

we examined the associations of midlife koa with body mass index [(] bmi [ )(and activity exposure across adult life and their interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 associations
2 examined 7 koa
3 the 4 associations
4 associations 5 of
4 associations 7 koa
5 of 6 midlife
7 koa 8 with
7 koa 18 across
8 with 15 )(and
9 body 13 bmi
10 mass 13 bmi
11 index 13 bmi
13 bmi 15 )(and
15 )(and 17 exposure
16 activity 17 exposure
18 across 21 and
19 adult 20 life
20 life 21 and
21 and 23 interaction
22 their 23 interaction

methods : data are from a uk birth cohort of 2597 participants with a clinical assessment for koa at age 53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 are
2 : 22 .
3 data 4 are
4 are 5 from
4 are 13 with
4 are 17 for
4 are 19 at
5 from 9 cohort
6 a 9 cohort
7 uk 8 birth
8 birth 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 of
10 of 12 participants
11 2597 12 participants
13 with 16 assessment
14 a 15 clinical
14 a 16 assessment
15 clinical 16 assessment
17 for 18 koa
19 at 20 age
20 age 21 53

at ages 36 , 43 and 53 bmi [(] [kg/m2] [ )(, self - reported leisure - time pa , and occupational activity ( kneeling/squatting [;] lifting [;] climbing [;] sitting [;] assigned using a job - exposure matrix ) were ascertained . 
1 at 2 ages
1 at 4 ,
1 at 8 bmi
2 ages 3 36
5 43 6 and
6 and 7 53
6 and 8 bmi
8 bmi 13 self
8 bmi 16 leisure
8 bmi 18 time
12 )(, 13 self
13 self 14 -
14 - 16 leisure
15 reported 16 leisure
16 leisure 17 -
18 time 21 and
19 pa 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 activity
21 and 31 sitting
22 occupational 23 activity
24 ( 31 sitting
25 kneeling/squatting 31 sitting
27 lifting 31 sitting
29 climbing 31 sitting
31 sitting 33 assigned
31 sitting 34 using
31 sitting 41 were
31 sitting 42 ascertained
31 sitting 43 .
34 using 36 job
34 using 41 were
35 a 36 job
36 job 39 matrix
37 - 39 matrix
38 exposure 39 matrix
39 matrix 40 )

associations were explored using the multiplicative logistic model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 associations 2 were
2 were 3 explored
3 explored 4 using
4 using 8 model
5 the 8 model
6 multiplicative 8 model
7 logistic 8 model

results : bmi was strongly and positively associated with koa in men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 bmi
2 : 8 associated
2 : 15 .
3 bmi 4 was
4 was 6 and
4 was 8 associated
5 strongly 6 and
6 and 7 positively
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 11 in
9 with 10 koa
11 in 13 and
12 men 13 and
13 and 14 women

men and women in manual occupations also had greater odds of koa ; there was a weak suggestion that koa risk was higher among men exposed to lifting or kneeling at work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 men 2 and
2 and 3 women
2 and 8 had
3 women 4 in
4 in 6 occupations
5 manual 6 occupations
7 also 8 had
8 had 10 odds
9 greater 10 odds
10 odds 11 of
11 of 12 koa
13 ; 14 there
13 ; 15 was
14 there 15 was
15 was 18 suggestion
15 was 29 or
15 was 31 at
16 a 17 weak
16 a 18 suggestion
17 weak 18 suggestion
18 suggestion 19 that
18 suggestion 27 to
19 that 21 risk
19 that 22 was
20 koa 21 risk
21 risk 22 was
22 was 23 higher
23 higher 24 among
24 among 25 men
25 men 26 exposed
26 exposed 27 to
28 lifting 29 or
29 or 30 kneeling
31 at 32 work

for men , the only evidence of a multiplicative interaction between bmi and activities was for lifting ( p = 0.01 ) at age 43 [;] bmi conferred higher koa risk among those most [-] likely to lift at work ( or per increase in bmi [z] - score [:] 3.55 , 95 % ci : 1.72 - 7.33 ) . 
1 for 2 men
1 for 3 ,
1 for 6 evidence
4 the 5 only
4 the 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 of
6 evidence 15 was
7 of 13 and
8 a 9 multiplicative
8 a 10 interaction
9 multiplicative 10 interaction
10 interaction 11 between
10 interaction 13 and
11 between 12 bmi
13 and 14 activities
15 was 16 for
15 was 23 at
16 for 17 lifting
17 lifting 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.01
20 = 22 )
23 at 24 age
24 age 27 bmi
24 age 31 risk
25 43 27 bmi
27 bmi 28 conferred
27 bmi 31 risk
28 conferred 29 higher
28 conferred 30 koa
31 risk 32 among
31 risk 37 to
31 risk 39 at
32 among 36 likely
33 those 36 likely
34 most 36 likely
37 to 38 lift
39 at 40 work
40 work 42 or
40 work 49 score
41 ( 42 or
42 or 43 per
42 or 45 in
42 or 48 -
43 per 44 increase
45 in 46 bmi
48 - 49 score
49 score 51 3.55
49 score 54 %
49 score 61 .
52 , 54 %
53 95 54 %
54 % 55 ci
54 % 56 :
54 % 60 )
55 ci 56 :
56 : 58 -
57 1.72 58 -
58 - 59 7.33

conclusions : [at] the very least , our study suggests that more active individuals ( at work and [in] leisure ) may see a greater reduction in risk [of] koa from avoiding a high bmi than [those] less active . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 koa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 6 least
4 the 5 very
4 the 6 least
7 , 30 koa
8 our 9 study
9 study 10 suggests
10 suggests 11 that
11 that 14 individuals
11 that 23 see
12 more 14 individuals
13 active 14 individuals
14 individuals 16 at
14 individuals 22 may
15 ( 16 at
16 at 18 and
16 at 21 )
17 work 18 and
18 and 20 leisure
22 may 23 see
23 see 26 reduction
23 see 27 in
23 see 30 koa
24 a 26 reduction
25 greater 26 reduction
27 in 28 risk
30 koa 31 from
30 koa 36 than
31 from 32 avoiding
32 avoiding 35 bmi
33 a 35 bmi
34 high 35 bmi
36 than 39 active
38 less 39 active

this study aimed to predict the risk of falls by focusing on substance abuse in the elderly with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
2 study 4 to
2 study 8 of
2 study 9 falls
4 to 5 predict
5 predict 7 risk
6 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
9 falls 10 by
10 by 11 focusing
11 focusing 12 on
11 focusing 15 in
11 focusing 18 with
12 on 14 abuse
13 substance 14 abuse
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 with 19 dementia

our national [cross] - sectional survey included 1210 elderly malaysian demented subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 survey
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 our 6 survey
2 national 4 -
2 national 6 survey
5 sectional 6 survey
6 survey 7 included
7 included 12 subjects
8 1210 12 subjects
9 elderly 10 malaysian
10 malaysian 12 subjects
11 demented 12 subjects

the study identified the effects of age , ethnicity , sex differences , marital status , educational level , and substance abuse on the likelihood of [falls] in the elderly with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 identified
3 identified 20 and
3 identified 23 on
3 identified 31 with
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 8 ,
6 of 7 age
8 , 9 ethnicity
8 , 10 ,
10 , 12 differences
10 , 13 ,
11 sex 12 differences
13 , 15 status
13 , 16 ,
14 marital 15 status
16 , 18 level
16 , 20 and
17 educational 18 level
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 abuse
21 substance 22 abuse
23 on 25 likelihood
24 the 25 likelihood
25 likelihood 26 of
26 of 28 in
28 in 30 elderly
29 the 30 elderly
31 with 32 dementia

the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze data collected from samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 5 model
2 multivariate 5 model
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 model
5 model 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 analyze
8 to 9 analyze
9 analyze 10 data
10 data 11 collected
11 collected 12 from
12 from 13 samples

the prevalence [of] falls [was] about 17 % among subjects and significantly increased with age ( p = [.] 006 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 4 falls
4 falls 6 about
4 falls 9 among
4 falls 14 with
4 falls 18 =
6 about 8 %
7 17 8 %
9 among 11 and
10 subjects 11 and
11 and 13 increased
12 significantly 13 increased
14 with 15 age
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 20 006
18 = 21 )

furthermore , the results showed that age ( [or] = 1.03 ) [,] ethnicity [(] or = 1.69 [ )( substance abuse ( or [=] 1.68 [ )(, and female sex ( or [=] 1.45 ) significantly enhanced the risk of [falls] in respondents ( [p] < [.] 05 [ )( 
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 showed
5 showed 7 age
5 showed 16 or
5 showed 17 =
6 that 7 age
7 age 11 1.03
8 ( 11 1.03
10 = 11 1.03
11 1.03 12 )
14 ethnicity 16 or
16 or 17 =
17 = 29 and
18 1.69 21 substance
21 substance 29 and
22 abuse 24 or
23 ( 24 or
24 or 26 1.68
24 or 28 )(,
28 )(, 29 and
29 and 30 female
29 and 31 sex
29 and 38 enhanced
31 sex 33 or
31 sex 38 enhanced
32 ( 33 or
33 or 35 1.45
33 or 36 )
37 significantly 38 enhanced
38 enhanced 40 risk
39 the 40 risk
40 risk 41 of
40 risk 49 05
41 of 43 in
43 in 44 respondents
45 ( 49 05
47 < 49 05
49 05 51 )(

educational level and marital status had no significant effects on the likelihood of falls ( p > [.] 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 educational
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 )(
1 educational 3 and
1 educational 13 of
1 educational 14 falls
2 level 3 and
3 and 5 status
3 and 6 had
4 marital 5 status
6 had 9 effects
6 had 10 on
7 no 9 effects
8 significant 9 effects
10 on 12 likelihood
11 the 12 likelihood
12 likelihood 13 of
14 falls 17 >
15 ( 17 >
16 p 17 >
17 > 19 05

however , the findings provided evidence of an additional effect of substance abuse on further risk of [falls] in older adults with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 findings
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 provided
5 provided 6 evidence
5 provided 14 on
5 provided 22 with
6 evidence 7 of
7 of 10 effect
8 an 9 additional
8 an 10 effect
9 additional 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 13 abuse
12 substance 13 abuse
14 on 16 risk
15 further 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 19 in
19 in 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
22 with 23 dementia

demographic transitions in the arab countries , due to declining birth rates and mortality rates since the 1980s , are reflected in a low proportion of children , a relatively stable proportion of elderly and a high proportion of people of working age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transitions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 reflected
1 demographic 2 transitions
2 transitions 3 in
2 transitions 20 are
3 in 6 countries
4 the 6 countries
5 arab 6 countries
6 countries 8 due
7 , 8 due
8 due 9 to
8 due 19 ,
9 to 10 declining
10 declining 13 and
11 birth 12 rates
12 rates 13 and
13 and 15 rates
13 and 16 since
14 mortality 15 rates
16 since 18 1980s
17 the 18 1980s
20 are 21 reflected
21 reflected 22 in
22 in 25 proportion
23 a 24 low
23 a 25 proportion
24 low 25 proportion
25 proportion 26 of
25 proportion 32 proportion
26 of 27 children
28 , 32 proportion
29 a 30 relatively
29 a 32 proportion
30 relatively 31 stable
31 stable 32 proportion
32 proportion 33 of
32 proportion 41 of
32 proportion 44 .
33 of 35 and
34 elderly 35 and
35 and 38 proportion
35 and 39 of
36 a 38 proportion
37 high 38 proportion
39 of 40 people
41 of 42 working
42 working 43 age

this " youth bulge " of young , active , working [-] age individuals in the current population may open a demographic window for countries to benefit from increased savings and investment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 bulge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 open
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 "
1 this 4 bulge
3 youth 4 bulge
4 bulge 5 "
4 bulge 6 of
4 bulge 19 may
6 of 14 individuals
7 young 8 ,
7 young 13 age
9 active 10 ,
9 active 13 age
11 working 13 age
13 age 14 individuals
14 individuals 15 in
15 in 18 population
16 the 18 population
17 current 18 population
19 may 20 open
20 open 23 window
20 open 24 for
20 open 26 to
20 open 28 from
21 a 22 demographic
21 a 23 window
22 demographic 23 window
24 for 25 countries
26 to 27 benefit
28 from 31 and
29 increased 30 savings
30 savings 31 and
31 and 32 investment

this paper reviews the demographic situation in the arab region and the impact of education , employment , migration , health status and participation in society on the further development of the region , including the impact of these factors on ageing and gender issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 reviews
3 reviews 6 situation
3 reviews 7 in
3 reviews 41 on
4 the 6 situation
5 demographic 6 situation
7 in 11 and
8 the 10 region
9 arab 10 region
10 region 11 and
11 and 13 impact
11 and 14 of
12 the 13 impact
14 of 23 and
15 education 16 ,
16 , 17 employment
16 , 18 ,
18 , 19 migration
18 , 20 ,
20 , 22 status
20 , 23 and
21 health 22 status
23 and 24 participation
23 and 34 ,
23 and 35 including
23 and 38 of
24 participation 25 in
25 in 26 society
26 society 27 on
26 society 31 of
27 on 30 development
28 the 30 development
29 further 30 development
31 of 33 region
32 the 33 region
35 including 37 impact
36 the 37 impact
38 of 40 factors
39 these 40 factors
41 on 43 and
42 ageing 43 and
43 and 45 issues
44 gender 45 issues

the intent is to draw attention to the importance of these demographic changes and highlight the need for action to maximize the potential benefit to the population in this region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 maximize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 intent
2 intent 3 is
3 is 4 to
3 is 14 and
4 to 14 and
5 draw 6 attention
5 draw 14 and
6 attention 7 to
6 attention 10 of
7 to 9 importance
8 the 9 importance
10 of 13 changes
11 these 13 changes
12 demographic 13 changes
14 and 15 highlight
15 highlight 17 need
15 highlight 20 to
16 the 17 need
17 need 18 for
18 for 19 action
20 to 21 maximize
21 maximize 24 benefit
21 maximize 25 to
21 maximize 28 in
22 the 24 benefit
23 potential 24 benefit
25 to 27 population
26 the 27 population
28 in 30 region
29 this 30 region

background : the diabetes control and complications trial ( dcct )/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications ( edic ) studies have established multiyear mean hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) as [predictive] of microvascular complications in persons with type 1 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 control
2 : 6 and
2 : 41 .
3 the 5 control
4 diabetes 5 control
6 and 11 )/epidemiology
6 and 22 established
7 complications 11 )/epidemiology
8 trial 10 dcct
9 ( 10 dcct
10 dcct 11 )/epidemiology
11 )/epidemiology 12 of
11 )/epidemiology 22 established
12 of 15 and
13 diabetes 14 interventions
14 interventions 15 and
15 and 18 edic
15 and 20 studies
15 and 21 have
16 complications 18 edic
17 ( 18 edic
18 edic 19 )
20 studies 21 have
22 established 26 a1c
22 established 32 of
22 established 35 in
22 established 37 with
23 multiyear 24 mean
24 mean 25 hemoglobin
25 hemoglobin 26 a1c
26 a1c 28 hba1c
27 ( 28 hba1c
28 hba1c 29 )
30 as 32 of
32 of 34 complications
33 microvascular 34 complications
35 in 36 persons
37 with 38 type
37 with 40 diabetes
38 type 39 1

however , multiyear mean hba1c is not always available in the clinical setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hba1c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 hba1c
3 multiyear 5 hba1c
4 mean 5 hba1c
5 hba1c 6 is
6 is 7 not
6 is 8 always
6 is 9 available
9 available 10 in
10 in 13 setting
11 the 13 setting
12 clinical 13 setting

skin advanced glycation end products ( ages ) are thought to partially reflect effects of hyperglycemia over time , and measurement of skin ages might be a surrogate for multiyear mean hba1c . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 thought
1 skin 2 advanced
1 skin 5 products
1 skin 9 are
1 skin 10 thought
3 glycation 5 products
4 end 5 products
5 products 7 ages
5 products 9 are
6 ( 7 ages
7 ages 8 )
10 thought 11 to
10 thought 17 over
10 thought 29 for
10 thought 33 .
11 to 13 reflect
12 partially 13 reflect
13 reflect 14 effects
14 effects 15 of
15 of 16 hyperglycemia
17 over 20 and
18 time 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 measurement
20 and 22 of
22 of 23 skin
23 skin 24 ages
23 skin 26 be
24 ages 25 might
25 might 26 be
26 be 28 surrogate
27 a 28 surrogate
29 for 32 hba1c
30 multiyear 32 hba1c
31 mean 32 hba1c

as certain ages fluoresce and skin fluorescence has been demonstrated to correlate with the concentration of skin ages , noninvasive measurement by skin intrinsic fluorescence ( sif ) facilitates the exploration of the association of mean hba1c and other clinical/technical factors with sif using the detailed phenotypic database available in dcct/edic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 certain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 as 2 certain
2 certain 3 ages
2 certain 5 and
2 certain 9 been
2 certain 11 to
3 ages 5 and
4 fluoresce 5 and
5 and 6 skin
7 fluorescence 8 has
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 demonstrated
11 to 12 correlate
12 correlate 13 with
13 with 15 concentration
14 the 15 concentration
15 concentration 16 of
16 of 18 ages
17 skin 18 ages
19 , 38 and
20 noninvasive 21 measurement
21 measurement 22 by
21 measurement 32 of
21 measurement 38 and
22 by 23 skin
23 skin 25 fluorescence
23 skin 29 facilitates
24 intrinsic 25 fluorescence
25 fluorescence 27 sif
25 fluorescence 29 facilitates
26 ( 27 sif
27 sif 28 )
29 facilitates 31 exploration
30 the 31 exploration
32 of 34 association
33 the 34 association
34 association 35 of
35 of 37 hba1c
36 mean 37 hba1c
38 and 41 factors
38 and 42 with
38 and 44 using
39 other 41 factors
40 clinical/technical 41 factors
42 with 43 sif
44 using 48 database
45 the 48 database
46 detailed 48 database
47 phenotypic 48 database
48 database 49 available
49 available 50 in
50 in 51 dcct/edic

subjects and methods : of the subjects , 1,185 ( 53 % male ) [had] measurements of sif during years 16/17 of edic with mean age and diabetes duration of 51.5 and 29.8 years , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 subjects 3 methods
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 of
4 : 36 respectively
5 of 7 subjects
6 the 7 subjects
7 subjects 9 1,185
8 , 9 1,185
9 1,185 16 measurements
9 1,185 35 ,
10 ( 16 measurements
11 53 16 measurements
12 % 16 measurements
13 male 14 )
13 male 16 measurements
16 measurements 17 of
16 measurements 35 ,
17 of 18 sif
18 sif 19 during
18 sif 22 of
19 during 20 years
20 years 21 16/17
22 of 27 and
23 edic 24 with
23 edic 27 and
24 with 26 age
25 mean 26 age
27 and 29 duration
27 and 30 of
28 diabetes 29 duration
30 of 34 years
31 51.5 32 and
32 and 33 29.8
32 and 34 years
35 , 36 respectively
36 respectively 37 .

sif measurements were obtained on the underside of the forearm near the elbow using a skin fluorescence spectrometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 sif 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 on
4 obtained 11 near
5 on 7 underside
6 the 7 underside
7 underside 8 of
8 of 10 forearm
9 the 10 forearm
11 near 13 elbow
12 the 13 elbow
13 elbow 14 using
14 using 18 spectrometer
15 a 16 skin
15 a 18 spectrometer
16 skin 18 spectrometer
17 fluorescence 18 spectrometer

demographic data and health history [were] self - reported , and an annual standardized examination measured clinical status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 standardized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 demographic 2 data
2 data 3 and
3 and 7 self
3 and 9 reported
3 and 11 and
4 health 5 history
5 history 7 self
8 - 9 reported
9 reported 10 ,
11 and 13 annual
11 and 14 standardized
12 an 13 annual
14 standardized 18 status
15 examination 16 measured
16 measured 18 status
17 clinical 18 status

linear regression models were constructed to identify significant clinical and technical factors associated with sif , and the final models only used factors that were significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 linear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 linear 4 were
1 linear 6 to
1 linear 14 with
2 regression 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 constructed
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 12 factors
8 significant 12 factors
9 clinical 10 and
10 and 11 technical
10 and 12 factors
12 factors 13 associated
14 with 17 and
14 with 21 only
14 with 23 factors
15 sif 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 models
18 the 20 models
19 final 20 models
22 used 23 factors
23 factors 24 that
23 factors 25 were
24 that 25 were
25 were 26 significant

results : sif ranged from 8.7 to 54.0 arbitrary units and was log - normally distributed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 sif
2 : 11 and
3 sif 11 and
4 ranged 5 from
4 ranged 11 and
5 from 10 units
6 8.7 7 to
7 to 8 54.0
7 to 10 units
9 arbitrary 10 units
11 and 12 was
12 was 13 log
13 log 16 distributed
14 - 16 distributed
15 normally 16 distributed
16 distributed 17 .

log ( sif ) correlated more with mean hba1c as the time period increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sif
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 log 3 sif
2 ( 3 sif
3 sif 4 )
3 sif 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 more
5 correlated 7 with
5 correlated 10 as
7 with 9 hba1c
8 mean 9 hba1c
10 as 13 period
11 the 13 period
12 time 13 period
13 period 14 increased

purpose : using a novel automated perimetry technique , we tested the hypothesis that older adults will have increased latency and decreased accuracy of saccades , as well as higher visual thresholds , to peripheral visual stimuli when compared with younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 8 technique
4 a 8 technique
5 novel 6 automated
6 automated 7 perimetry
7 perimetry 8 technique
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 tested
10 we 11 tested
11 tested 13 hypothesis
12 the 13 hypothesis
13 hypothesis 14 that
14 that 16 adults
14 that 21 and
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 will
17 will 18 have
18 have 21 and
19 increased 20 latency
19 increased 21 and
21 and 22 decreased
22 decreased 23 accuracy
22 decreased 29 as
22 decreased 34 to
22 decreased 38 when
23 accuracy 24 of
24 of 25 saccades
26 , 29 as
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
29 as 32 thresholds
29 as 33 ,
30 higher 32 thresholds
31 visual 32 thresholds
34 to 37 stimuli
35 peripheral 37 stimuli
36 visual 37 stimuli
38 when 39 compared
39 compared 40 with
40 with 42 adults
41 younger 42 adults

with the left eye occluded , subjects were instructed to look quickly toward any seen [stimuli] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 instructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 with 4 eye
1 with 6 ,
1 with 7 subjects
2 the 4 eye
3 left 4 eye
4 eye 5 occluded
7 subjects 8 were
8 were 9 instructed
9 instructed 10 to
9 instructed 11 look
10 to 11 look
11 look 12 quickly
11 look 13 toward
13 toward 14 any
14 any 15 seen

right eye movements were recorded with an eyelink 1000 infrared camera system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 movements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 right 2 eye
2 eye 3 movements
3 movements 4 were
4 were 5 recorded
5 recorded 6 with
6 with 12 system
7 an 12 system
8 eyelink 9 1000
8 eyelink 12 system
10 infrared 11 camera
11 camera 12 system

limiting our analysis to the four stimulus positions in the nasal hemifield ( - 4 ° , - 12 ° , - 20 ° , [and] - 28 ° ) , we evaluated for group [-] level differences in saccadic latency , accuracy , and visual threshold at each stimulus location . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 limiting 3 analysis
1 limiting 4 to
1 limiting 9 in
1 limiting 27 -
1 limiting 31 ,
1 limiting 32 we
2 our 3 analysis
4 to 8 positions
5 the 6 four
6 four 8 positions
7 stimulus 8 positions
9 in 12 hemifield
10 the 12 hemifield
11 nasal 12 hemifield
13 ( 27 -
14 - 22 -
15 4 16 °
16 ° 18 -
17 , 18 -
18 - 20 °
18 - 21 ,
18 - 22 -
19 12 20 °
22 - 24 °
22 - 25 ,
22 - 27 -
23 20 24 °
27 - 29 °
27 - 30 )
28 28 29 °
32 we 33 evaluated
33 evaluated 34 for
33 evaluated 38 differences
34 for 37 level
35 group 37 level
38 differences 39 in
39 in 45 and
40 saccadic 41 latency
41 latency 42 ,
42 , 43 accuracy
42 , 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 47 threshold
45 and 48 at
46 visual 47 threshold
48 at 51 location
49 each 51 location
50 stimulus 51 location

results : saccadic latency increased as stimulus size decreased in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 latency
2 : 5 increased
2 : 13 .
3 saccadic 4 latency
4 latency 5 increased
5 increased 6 as
6 as 8 size
7 stimulus 8 size
8 size 9 decreased
9 decreased 10 in
10 in 12 groups
11 both 12 groups

older subjects had significantly increased saccadic latencies ( at all locations [;] p < 0.05 ) , decreased accuracies ( at all locations [;] p < 0.05 ) , [and] higher visual thresholds ( at the - 12 ° , - 20 ° , [and] - 28 ° locations [;] p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 older 2 subjects
2 subjects 17 ,
3 had 7 latencies
3 had 9 at
3 had 17 ,
4 significantly 5 increased
5 increased 7 latencies
6 saccadic 7 latencies
8 ( 9 at
9 at 11 locations
9 at 16 )
10 all 11 locations
11 locations 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.05
17 , 18 decreased
17 , 21 at
18 decreased 19 accuracies
20 ( 21 at
21 at 23 locations
21 at 54 )
22 all 23 locations
23 locations 26 <
23 locations 33 thresholds
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.05
26 < 28 )
29 , 33 thresholds
31 higher 33 thresholds
32 visual 33 thresholds
33 thresholds 35 at
33 thresholds 54 )
34 ( 35 at
35 at 49 locations
35 at 54 )
36 the 49 locations
37 - 38 12
38 12 39 °
39 ° 41 -
40 , 41 -
41 - 43 °
41 - 44 ,
41 - 46 -
42 20 43 °
46 - 48 °
46 - 49 locations
47 28 48 °
49 locations 52 <
51 p 52 <
52 < 53 0.05

additionally , there were significant relationships between visual threshold [and] latency , visual threshold and accuracy , and latency and accuracy ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 there
3 there 4 were
4 were 6 relationships
5 significant 6 relationships
6 relationships 7 between
7 between 20 and
8 visual 9 threshold
9 threshold 11 latency
11 latency 12 ,
12 , 14 threshold
12 , 15 and
13 visual 14 threshold
15 and 16 accuracy
15 and 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 latency
18 and 20 and
20 and 21 accuracy
20 and 24 <
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.0001
24 < 26 )

conclusions : older adults have increased latency and decreased accuracy of saccades , as well as higher visual thresholds , to peripheral visual stimuli when compared with younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 8 and
5 have 6 increased
5 have 8 and
6 increased 7 latency
8 and 9 decreased
8 and 10 accuracy
8 and 16 as
8 and 21 to
8 and 25 when
10 accuracy 11 of
11 of 12 saccades
13 , 16 as
14 as 15 well
15 well 16 as
16 as 19 thresholds
16 as 20 ,
17 higher 19 thresholds
18 visual 19 thresholds
21 to 24 stimuli
22 peripheral 24 stimuli
23 visual 24 stimuli
25 when 26 compared
26 compared 27 with
27 with 29 adults
28 younger 29 adults

saccadic latency and accuracy are related to visual threshold [,] suggesting that saccadic latency and accuracy could be useful as perimetric outcome measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 saccadic 2 latency
2 latency 3 and
3 and 4 accuracy
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 related
6 related 7 to
7 to 14 latency
8 visual 9 threshold
9 threshold 14 latency
11 suggesting 14 latency
12 that 13 saccadic
13 saccadic 14 latency
15 and 16 accuracy
15 and 18 be
16 accuracy 17 could
17 could 18 be
18 be 19 useful
19 useful 20 as
20 as 23 measures
21 perimetric 22 outcome
22 outcome 23 measures

purpose : aging of the vitreous body can result in sight - threatening pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 aging
3 aging 4 of
4 of 9 result
5 the 9 result
6 vitreous 7 body
7 body 8 can
8 can 9 result
9 result 10 in
10 in 11 sight
11 sight 13 threatening
12 - 13 threatening
13 threatening 14 pathology
13 threatening 15 .

one aspect of vitreous aging is liquefaction , which results from the vanishing of collagen fibrils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 one 2 aspect
2 aspect 3 of
2 aspect 6 is
3 of 5 aging
4 vitreous 5 aging
6 is 7 liquefaction
8 , 9 which
8 , 10 results
9 which 10 results
10 results 11 from
11 from 13 vanishing
12 the 13 vanishing
13 vanishing 14 of
14 of 16 fibrils
15 collagen 16 fibrils

we investigated the possibility that trypsins [are] involved in vitreous type ii collagen degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 possibility
3 the 4 possibility
4 possibility 5 that
5 that 6 trypsins
5 that 13 collagen
6 trypsins 8 involved
6 trypsins 13 collagen
8 involved 9 in
9 in 11 type
10 vitreous 11 type
11 type 12 ii
13 collagen 14 degradation

methods : immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used for detecting and locating trypsin isoforms in the vitreous and retina of human donor eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 11 and
3 immunohistochemistry 4 and
4 and 5 western
4 and 6 blotting
4 and 10 detecting
6 blotting 7 were
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 for
9 for 10 detecting
11 and 13 trypsin
11 and 14 isoforms
12 locating 13 trypsin
13 trypsin 14 isoforms
14 isoforms 15 in
15 in 18 and
16 the 17 vitreous
17 vitreous 18 and
18 and 19 retina
18 and 20 of
20 of 23 eyes
21 human 22 donor
22 donor 23 eyes

the capability of the retina to produce these trypsins was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 capability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 capability
2 capability 3 of
2 capability 6 to
2 capability 7 produce
2 capability 10 was
3 of 5 retina
4 the 5 retina
6 to 7 produce
7 produce 9 trypsins
8 these 9 trypsins
10 was 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 12 with
12 with 15 reaction
13 polymerase 15 reaction
14 chain 15 reaction

whether the different trypsins degraded type ii collagen was tested in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 collagen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 whether 4 trypsins
1 whether 5 degraded
1 whether 8 collagen
2 the 4 trypsins
3 different 4 trypsins
4 trypsins 5 degraded
5 degraded 6 type
6 type 7 ii
8 collagen 9 was
9 was 10 tested
10 tested 12 vitro
11 in 12 vitro

the sizes of the in vitro induced type [ii] collagen degradation products were compared to those present in the vitreous of human eyes of different ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 sizes
2 sizes 3 of
2 sizes 13 were
3 of 12 products
4 the 12 products
5 in 6 vitro
6 vitro 7 induced
7 induced 12 products
8 type 12 products
10 collagen 12 products
11 degradation 12 products
13 were 14 compared
14 compared 15 to
15 to 16 those
16 those 17 present
16 those 21 of
16 those 24 of
17 present 18 in
18 in 20 vitreous
19 the 20 vitreous
21 of 23 eyes
22 human 23 eyes
24 of 26 ages
25 different 26 ages

results : trypsin - 1 and [trypsin] - 2 were detected in the vitreous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 trypsin
3 trypsin 6 and
4 - 5 1
5 1 6 and
6 and 8 -
8 - 9 2
9 2 10 were
10 were 11 detected
11 detected 12 in
12 in 14 vitreous
13 the 14 vitreous

in the retina , messenger ribonucleic acid ( mrna ) coding for trypsin - 2 , - 3 [,] and - 4 was present . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 coding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 retina
1 in 11 coding
2 the 3 retina
3 retina 7 acid
4 , 7 acid
5 messenger 7 acid
6 ribonucleic 7 acid
7 acid 9 mrna
7 acid 10 )
8 ( 9 mrna
9 mrna 10 )
11 coding 12 for
11 coding 20 and
11 coding 23 was
12 for 13 trypsin
13 trypsin 15 2
14 - 15 2
15 2 16 ,
17 - 18 3
18 3 20 and
20 and 22 4
21 - 22 4
23 was 24 present

using immunohistochemistry , trypsin [-] 2 was detected in microglial cells located in the vitreous and the retina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 using 4 trypsin
1 using 7 was
2 immunohistochemistry 3 ,
2 immunohistochemistry 4 trypsin
4 trypsin 6 2
7 was 8 detected
8 detected 9 in
9 in 11 cells
10 microglial 11 cells
11 cells 12 located
12 located 13 in
13 in 16 and
14 the 15 vitreous
15 vitreous 16 and
16 and 18 retina
17 the 18 retina

all trypsin isoforms degraded type ii collagen and produced degradation products of similar sizes as those present in the vitreous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trypsin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 isoforms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 all 2 trypsin
2 trypsin 3 isoforms
3 isoforms 5 type
4 degraded 5 type
5 type 6 ii
5 type 8 and
5 type 17 present
7 collagen 8 and
8 and 11 products
8 and 15 as
8 and 17 present
9 produced 10 degradation
10 degradation 11 products
11 products 12 of
12 of 14 sizes
13 similar 14 sizes
15 as 16 those
17 present 18 in
18 in 20 vitreous
19 the 20 vitreous

conclusions : trypsin - 1 and [trypsin] - 2 appear to have a function in the degradation of vitreous type ii collagen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 trypsin
4 - 6 and
4 - 10 appear
4 - 23 .
5 1 6 and
6 and 9 2
6 and 10 appear
8 - 9 2
10 appear 11 to
10 appear 12 have
11 to 12 have
12 have 14 function
12 have 15 in
12 have 22 collagen
13 a 14 function
15 in 17 degradation
16 the 17 degradation
17 degradation 18 of
18 of 20 type
19 vitreous 20 type
20 type 21 ii

they could therefore have a role in the development of vitreous liquefaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 they 2 could
2 could 4 have
3 therefore 4 have
4 have 6 role
4 have 7 in
5 a 6 role
7 in 9 development
8 the 9 development
9 development 10 of
10 of 12 liquefaction
11 vitreous 12 liquefaction

purpose : age - related cataract [(] arc ) is a complex multifactorial disorder , including genetic and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 age
2 : 10 is
3 age 10 is
4 - 5 related
5 related 8 arc
5 related 9 )
5 related 10 is
6 cataract 8 arc
10 is 14 disorder
11 a 12 complex
11 a 14 disorder
12 complex 14 disorder
13 multifactorial 14 disorder
14 disorder 16 including
15 , 16 including
16 including 20 factors
16 including 21 .
17 genetic 18 and
18 and 19 environmental
18 and 20 factors

ezrin ( ezr ) , a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin ( erm [ )(protein family , plays a crucial role in the development of the lens as a plasma membrane - cytoskeleton linker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ezr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 ezrin 3 ezr
2 ( 3 ezr
3 ezr 4 )
3 ezr 7 member
3 ezr 17 plays
5 , 7 member
6 a 7 member
7 member 8 of
7 member 16 ,
8 of 10 ezrin/radixin/moesin
9 the 10 ezrin/radixin/moesin
10 ezrin/radixin/moesin 15 family
11 ( 15 family
12 erm 15 family
14 )(protein 15 family
15 family 16 ,
17 plays 20 role
17 plays 21 in
17 plays 27 as
18 a 19 crucial
18 a 20 role
19 crucial 20 role
21 in 23 development
22 the 23 development
23 development 24 of
24 of 26 lens
25 the 26 lens
27 as 30 membrane
28 a 29 plasma
28 a 30 membrane
29 plasma 30 membrane
31 - 33 linker
32 cytoskeleton 33 linker

we conducted this study to investigate the role of genetic variations of ezrin and the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in ezr and susceptibility to arc in a chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 4 study
2 conducted 5 to
2 conducted 17 between
2 conducted 24 in
2 conducted 30 in
3 this 4 study
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 8 role
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 14 and
10 genetic 11 variations
11 variations 12 of
11 variations 14 and
12 of 13 ezrin
14 and 16 relationship
15 the 16 relationship
17 between 20 polymorphisms
18 single 20 polymorphisms
19 nucleotide 20 polymorphisms
20 polymorphisms 22 snps
21 ( 22 snps
22 snps 23 )
24 in 26 and
25 ezr 26 and
26 and 27 susceptibility
26 and 28 to
28 to 29 arc
30 in 33 population
31 a 32 chinese
31 a 33 population
32 chinese 33 population

methods : a total of 205 sporadic age - related cataract patients and 218 unrelated random healthy controls participated in our study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 19 participated
2 : 23 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 19 participated
5 of 8 age
6 205 8 age
7 sporadic 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 13 and
10 related 19 participated
11 cataract 12 patients
12 patients 13 and
13 and 18 controls
14 218 18 controls
15 unrelated 18 controls
16 random 18 controls
17 healthy 18 controls
19 participated 20 in
20 in 22 study
21 our 22 study

genomic dna was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 genomic 2 dna
2 dna 3 was
3 was 4 extracted
4 extracted 5 from
5 from 8 leukocytes
6 peripheral 7 blood
7 blood 8 leukocytes

all exons of ezr were sequenced after being amplified with polymerase chain reaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 all 2 exons
2 exons 3 of
2 exons 5 were
3 of 4 ezr
5 were 6 sequenced
6 sequenced 7 after
7 after 8 being
8 being 9 amplified
9 amplified 10 with
10 with 13 reaction
11 polymerase 13 reaction
12 chain 13 reaction

the functional consequences of the mutations were analyzed using polyphen2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 consequences
2 functional 3 consequences
3 consequences 4 of
3 consequences 7 were
4 of 6 mutations
5 the 6 mutations
7 were 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 9 using
9 using 10 polyphen2

snp statistical analysis was performed using snpstats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 snp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 snp 3 analysis
1 snp 4 was
1 snp 5 performed
2 statistical 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
5 performed 6 using
6 using 7 snpstats

results : we found three novel variations in 205 patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
2 : 11 .
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 variations
4 found 8 in
5 three 7 variations
6 novel 7 variations
8 in 10 patients
9 205 10 patients

none presented in the 218 controls , including c.441c>g , c.924g>c , and c.1503g>a . polyphen2 predicted that the c.924g>c mutation probably had pathogenicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 none 2 presented
1 none 13 and
2 presented 3 in
3 in 6 controls
4 the 5 218
5 218 6 controls
6 controls 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 11 c.924g>c
8 including 12 ,
9 c.441c>g 10 ,
9 c.441c>g 11 c.924g>c
13 and 14 c.1503g>a
15 . 16 polyphen2
15 . 17 predicted
15 . 25 .
16 polyphen2 17 predicted
17 predicted 18 that
18 that 21 mutation
18 that 23 had
19 the 21 mutation
20 c.924g>c 21 mutation
21 mutation 23 had
22 probably 23 had
23 had 24 pathogenicity

snp rs144581330 in exon 2 was also predicted to be probably damaging by polyphen2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 snp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 snp 2 rs144581330
1 snp 6 was
2 rs144581330 3 in
3 in 4 exon
4 exon 5 2
6 was 8 predicted
7 also 8 predicted
8 predicted 9 to
8 predicted 13 by
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 probably
10 be 12 damaging
13 by 14 polyphen2

conclusions : this study suggests that the genetic variations and snps in the gene ezr possibly contribute to the development of age - related cataracts in the chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 24 related
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 10 and
6 that 17 contribute
7 the 9 variations
8 genetic 9 variations
9 variations 10 and
10 and 11 snps
10 and 12 in
12 in 15 ezr
13 the 14 gene
14 gene 15 ezr
16 possibly 17 contribute
17 contribute 18 to
18 to 20 development
19 the 20 development
20 development 21 of
21 of 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 25 cataracts
25 cataracts 26 in
26 in 29 population
27 the 29 population
28 chinese 29 population

purpose : in this study , the authors investigated [how] acoustic distortion affected younger and older adults ' use of context in a lexical decision task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 , 8 authors
6 , 9 investigated
7 the 8 authors
8 authors 9 investigated
9 investigated 15 and
9 investigated 22 in
11 acoustic 12 distortion
12 distortion 13 affected
12 distortion 15 and
13 affected 14 younger
15 and 19 use
15 and 20 of
16 older 17 adults
17 adults 18 '
18 ' 19 use
20 of 21 context
22 in 26 task
23 a 24 lexical
23 a 26 task
24 lexical 26 task
25 decision 26 task

method : the authors measured lexical decision reaction times ( rts ) when intact target words followed acoustically distorted sentence contexts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 authors
2 : 5 measured
2 : 22 .
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 measured
5 measured 9 times
5 measured 13 when
6 lexical 9 times
7 decision 9 times
8 reaction 9 times
9 times 11 rts
10 ( 11 rts
11 rts 12 )
13 when 16 words
13 when 20 sentence
14 intact 15 target
15 target 16 words
16 words 17 followed
16 words 19 distorted
16 words 20 sentence
18 acoustically 19 distorted
20 sentence 21 contexts

contexts were semantically congruent , neutral , or incongruent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 contexts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 contexts 2 were
2 were 3 semantically
2 were 8 or
4 congruent 5 ,
5 , 6 neutral
5 , 8 or
7 , 8 or
8 or 9 incongruent

younger adults ( n = 216 ) were tested on three distortion types : low - pass filtering , time compression , and masking by multitalker babble , using two amounts of distortion selected to control for word recognition accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 types
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 younger 2 adults
2 adults 5 =
2 adults 8 were
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 216
5 = 7 )
8 were 9 tested
9 tested 10 on
10 on 11 three
11 three 12 distortion
11 three 13 types
12 distortion 13 types
14 : 18 filtering
14 : 23 and
15 low 16 -
15 low 17 pass
17 pass 18 filtering
18 filtering 21 compression
19 , 21 compression
20 time 21 compression
21 compression 22 ,
23 and 29 using
23 and 34 selected
24 masking 25 by
24 masking 27 babble
24 masking 28 ,
24 masking 29 using
25 by 26 multitalker
29 using 31 amounts
29 using 34 selected
30 two 31 amounts
31 amounts 32 of
32 of 33 distortion
34 selected 35 to
34 selected 37 for
34 selected 40 accuracy
35 to 36 control
37 for 39 recognition
38 word 39 recognition

older adults ( n = 108 ) were tested on two amounts of time compression and one low - pass filtering condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 5 =
2 adults 8 were
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 108
5 = 7 )
8 were 9 tested
9 tested 10 on
10 on 16 and
11 two 12 amounts
12 amounts 13 of
12 amounts 16 and
13 of 15 compression
14 time 15 compression
16 and 20 pass
16 and 21 filtering
17 one 20 pass
18 low 19 -
18 low 20 pass
21 filtering 22 condition

results : for both age groups , there was robust facilitation by congruent contexts but minimal inhibition by incongruent contexts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 6 groups
4 both 6 groups
5 age 6 groups
7 , 8 there
7 , 9 was
8 there 9 was
9 was 11 facilitation
10 robust 11 facilitation
11 facilitation 12 by
11 facilitation 15 but
11 facilitation 18 by
12 by 14 contexts
13 congruent 14 contexts
15 but 17 inhibition
16 minimal 17 inhibition
18 by 20 contexts
19 incongruent 20 contexts

facilitation decreased as distortion increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 facilitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 facilitation 2 decreased
2 decreased 3 as
3 as 4 distortion
4 distortion 5 increased

older listeners had slower rts than younger listeners , but this difference was smaller in congruent than in [neutral] or incongruent conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 listeners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 older 2 listeners
2 listeners 3 had
3 had 5 rts
3 had 6 than
4 slower 5 rts
6 than 8 listeners
7 younger 8 listeners
9 , 10 but
10 but 12 difference
10 but 13 was
11 this 12 difference
12 difference 13 was
13 was 14 smaller
14 smaller 15 in
15 in 22 conditions
16 congruent 17 than
16 congruent 20 or
17 than 18 in
20 or 21 incongruent
20 or 22 conditions

after controlling for word recognition accuracy , older listeners ' rts were slower in time - compressed than in low - pass filtering conditions , but younger listeners performed similarly in both conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 rts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 after 2 controlling
1 after 7 ,
1 after 11 rts
2 controlling 3 for
2 controlling 6 accuracy
3 for 5 recognition
4 word 5 recognition
8 older 9 listeners
9 listeners 10 '
10 ' 11 rts
11 rts 12 were
12 were 13 slower
13 slower 14 in
13 slower 17 compressed
13 slower 26 but
13 slower 31 in
14 in 15 time
16 - 17 compressed
17 compressed 18 than
17 compressed 25 ,
18 than 19 in
19 in 24 conditions
20 low 21 -
20 low 22 pass
22 pass 23 filtering
23 filtering 24 conditions
26 but 28 listeners
27 younger 28 listeners
28 listeners 29 performed
29 performed 30 similarly
31 in 33 conditions
32 both 33 conditions

conclusions : these rt results highlight the interdependence between bottom - up sensory and top - down semantic processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 4 rt
2 : 10 bottom
3 these 4 rt
4 rt 5 results
4 rt 9 between
4 rt 10 bottom
5 results 6 highlight
6 highlight 8 interdependence
6 highlight 9 between
7 the 8 interdependence
10 bottom 12 up
10 bottom 17 down
11 - 12 up
12 up 14 and
12 up 16 -
13 sensory 14 and
14 and 15 top
17 down 19 processing
18 semantic 19 processing

consistent with previous findings based on accuracy measures , compared with younger adults , older adults were disproportionately slowed when speech was time compressed but more facilitated by congruent contexts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 consistent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 5 based
2 with 4 findings
3 previous 4 findings
5 based 6 on
5 based 8 measures
6 on 7 accuracy
8 measures 10 compared
9 , 10 compared
10 compared 11 with
10 compared 14 ,
11 with 13 adults
12 younger 13 adults
14 , 16 adults
14 , 19 slowed
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 were
17 were 19 slowed
18 disproportionately 19 slowed
19 slowed 20 when
20 when 21 speech
20 when 27 facilitated
21 speech 22 was
22 was 25 but
22 was 27 facilitated
23 time 24 compressed
23 time 25 but
25 but 26 more
27 facilitated 28 by
28 by 30 contexts
29 congruent 30 contexts

we investigated pregnancy - associated plasma protein - [a] ( papp - a ) in diabetic nephropathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 pregnancy
2 investigated 15 in
3 pregnancy 7 protein
3 pregnancy 12 -
4 - 7 protein
5 associated 6 plasma
6 plasma 7 protein
7 protein 8 -
10 ( 12 -
11 papp 12 -
12 - 13 a
12 - 14 )
15 in 17 nephropathy
16 diabetic 17 nephropathy

normal human kidney [showed] specific staining for papp - a in glomeruli , and this staining was markedly increased in diabetic kidney . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 kidney
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 normal 2 human
2 human 6 staining
3 kidney 6 staining
5 specific 6 staining
6 staining 7 for
6 staining 14 and
7 for 8 papp
8 papp 12 glomeruli
9 - 12 glomeruli
10 a 11 in
11 in 12 glomeruli
12 glomeruli 13 ,
14 and 15 this
14 and 16 staining
14 and 20 in
14 and 22 kidney
16 staining 17 was
17 was 18 markedly
17 was 19 increased
19 increased 20 in
21 diabetic 22 kidney

to assess the possible contribution of papp - [a] in the development of diabetic nephropathy , we induced diabetes with streptozotocin in 14 - [month] - old wt and papp - a knockout ( [ko] [ )(mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 to 2 assess
2 assess 5 contribution
2 assess 10 in
3 the 5 contribution
4 possible 5 contribution
5 contribution 6 of
6 of 7 papp
8 - 10 in
10 in 12 development
10 in 16 ,
11 the 12 development
12 development 13 of
13 of 15 nephropathy
14 diabetic 15 nephropathy
16 , 17 we
16 , 18 induced
17 we 18 induced
18 induced 19 diabetes
18 induced 22 in
19 diabetes 20 with
20 with 21 streptozotocin
22 in 24 -
23 14 24 -
24 - 26 -
26 - 29 and
27 old 28 wt
28 wt 29 and
29 and 30 papp
30 papp 33 knockout
31 - 33 knockout
32 a 33 knockout
33 knockout 37 )(mice
33 knockout 38 .
34 ( 37 )(mice
37 )(mice 38 .

renal histopathology was evaluated after 4 months of stable hyperglycemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 histopathology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 renal 2 histopathology
2 histopathology 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 after
5 after 7 months
6 4 7 months
7 months 8 of
8 of 10 hyperglycemia
9 stable 10 hyperglycemia

kidneys from diabetic wt mice showed multiple abnormalities including thickening of bowman 's capsule ( 100 % of mice ) , increased glomerular size ( 80 % of mice ) , tubule dilation ( 80 % of mice ) , and mononuclear cell infiltration ( 90 % of mice ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 kidneys 2 from
1 kidneys 10 thickening
1 kidneys 11 of
1 kidneys 41 and
2 from 4 wt
3 diabetic 4 wt
4 wt 5 mice
4 wt 9 including
5 mice 6 showed
6 showed 8 abnormalities
7 multiple 8 abnormalities
8 abnormalities 9 including
11 of 14 capsule
12 bowman 13 's
13 's 14 capsule
14 capsule 17 %
14 capsule 24 size
15 ( 17 %
16 100 17 %
17 % 18 of
17 % 20 )
18 of 19 mice
21 , 24 size
22 increased 24 size
23 glomerular 24 size
24 size 27 %
24 size 33 dilation
24 size 40 ,
25 ( 27 %
26 80 27 %
27 % 28 of
27 % 30 )
28 of 29 mice
31 , 33 dilation
32 tubule 33 dilation
33 dilation 36 %
33 dilation 40 ,
34 ( 36 %
35 80 36 %
36 % 37 of
36 % 39 )
37 of 38 mice
40 , 41 and
41 and 44 infiltration
41 and 47 %
42 mononuclear 43 cell
43 cell 44 infiltration
45 ( 47 %
46 90 47 %
47 % 48 of
47 % 50 )
48 of 49 mice

kidneys of age - matched [non] - diabetic wt mice had similar evidence of tubule dilation and mononuclear cell infiltration to those of diabetic wt mice , indicating that these changes were [predominantly] age - related . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 kidneys
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 tubule
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 kidneys 2 of
1 kidneys 10 mice
1 kidneys 14 of
1 kidneys 15 tubule
2 of 3 age
3 age 5 matched
4 - 5 matched
5 matched 7 -
8 diabetic 10 mice
9 wt 10 mice
10 mice 11 had
11 had 13 evidence
12 similar 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 of
15 tubule 16 dilation
17 and 20 infiltration
17 and 36 related
18 mononuclear 19 cell
19 cell 20 infiltration
20 infiltration 21 to
20 infiltration 28 indicating
20 infiltration 36 related
21 to 22 those
22 those 23 of
23 of 26 mice
24 diabetic 26 mice
25 wt 26 mice
27 , 28 indicating
28 indicating 29 that
28 indicating 35 -
29 that 31 changes
29 that 32 were
30 these 31 changes
31 changes 32 were
32 were 34 age

however , thickened bowman 's capsule and increased glomerular size appeared specific for the experimental diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 and
3 thickened 4 bowman
4 bowman 5 's
5 's 6 capsule
6 capsule 7 and
7 and 10 size
7 and 11 appeared
8 increased 10 size
9 glomerular 10 size
11 appeared 12 specific
12 specific 13 for
13 for 16 diabetes
14 the 16 diabetes
15 experimental 16 diabetes

kidneys from diabetic papp [-] a [ko] mice had significantly reduced or no evidence of changes in bowman 's capsule thickening and glomerular size . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 kidneys 2 from
1 kidneys 12 or
2 from 4 papp
3 diabetic 4 papp
4 papp 6 a
4 papp 8 mice
4 papp 11 reduced
8 mice 9 had
9 had 11 reduced
10 significantly 11 reduced
12 or 14 evidence
12 or 15 of
12 or 17 in
12 or 21 thickening
12 or 22 and
13 no 14 evidence
15 of 16 changes
17 in 20 capsule
18 bowman 19 's
19 's 20 capsule
22 and 24 size
23 glomerular 24 size

there was also a shift to larger mesangial area and increased macrophage staining in diabetic wt mice compared with papp - [a] ko mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 there 10 and
2 was 3 also
2 was 5 shift
2 was 10 and
4 a 5 shift
5 shift 6 to
6 to 9 area
7 larger 9 area
8 mesangial 9 area
10 and 11 increased
11 increased 12 macrophage
11 increased 14 in
12 macrophage 13 staining
14 in 17 mice
15 diabetic 17 mice
16 wt 17 mice
17 mice 18 compared
18 compared 19 with
19 with 20 papp
21 - 23 ko
21 - 25 .
23 ko 24 mice

in summary , elevated papp [-] a expression in glomeruli is associated with diabetic nephropathy in humans and absence of papp [-] a is associated with resistance to the development of indicators of diabetic nephropathy in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 papp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 5 papp
1 in 21 papp
2 summary 3 ,
2 summary 5 papp
4 elevated 5 papp
5 papp 7 a
5 papp 8 expression
5 papp 20 of
8 expression 9 in
8 expression 11 is
9 in 10 glomeruli
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 18 and
14 diabetic 15 nephropathy
15 nephropathy 16 in
15 nephropathy 18 and
16 in 17 humans
18 and 19 absence
18 and 20 of
21 papp 23 a
21 papp 24 is
24 is 25 associated
25 associated 26 with
25 associated 28 to
26 with 27 resistance
28 to 30 development
29 the 30 development
30 development 31 of
31 of 32 indicators
32 indicators 33 of
32 indicators 36 in
33 of 35 nephropathy
34 diabetic 35 nephropathy
36 in 37 mice

these data suggest papp [-] a as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 papp
3 suggest 7 as
4 papp 6 a
7 as 11 target
8 a 9 potential
8 a 11 target
9 potential 11 target
10 therapeutic 11 target
11 target 12 for
12 for 14 nephropathy
13 diabetic 14 nephropathy

service dogs help people with mobility impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 service
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dogs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 service 2 dogs
2 dogs 4 people
2 dogs 5 with
3 help 4 people
5 with 7 impairments
6 mobility 7 impairments

they are trained to perform a variety of tasks , such as opening doors , retrieving the telephone , picking up objects , and pulling manual wheelchairs ( mwcs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 trained
3 trained 4 to
3 trained 5 perform
4 to 5 perform
5 perform 7 variety
5 perform 16 retrieving
5 perform 20 picking
6 a 7 variety
7 variety 8 of
8 of 9 tasks
9 tasks 12 as
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 14 doors
12 as 15 ,
13 opening 14 doors
15 , 16 retrieving
16 retrieving 18 telephone
16 retrieving 19 ,
17 the 18 telephone
19 , 20 picking
20 picking 21 up
20 picking 24 and
20 picking 30 )
22 objects 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 wheelchairs
24 and 29 mwcs
25 pulling 27 wheelchairs
26 manual 27 wheelchairs
28 ( 29 mwcs
29 mwcs 30 )

more specifically , using the traction provided by the service dog has physical benefits because mwc users can operate their mwcs with less effort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 more 2 specifically
2 specifically 3 ,
2 specifically 4 using
4 using 6 traction
4 using 12 has
5 the 6 traction
6 traction 7 provided
7 provided 8 by
8 by 11 dog
9 the 11 dog
10 service 11 dog
12 has 14 benefits
12 has 15 because
13 physical 14 benefits
15 because 17 users
15 because 19 operate
16 mwc 17 users
17 users 18 can
18 can 19 operate
19 operate 21 mwcs
19 operate 22 with
20 their 21 mwcs
22 with 24 effort
23 less 24 effort

the objective of this study was to document the effect of a service dog on mwc mobility and user shoulder pain , social participation , and quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 document
7 to 8 document
8 document 10 effect
8 document 15 on
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 14 dog
12 a 13 service
12 a 14 dog
13 service 14 dog
15 on 26 and
16 mwc 17 mobility
17 mobility 18 and
18 and 21 pain
18 and 24 participation
18 and 26 and
19 user 21 pain
20 shoulder 21 pain
22 , 24 participation
23 social 24 participation
24 participation 25 ,
26 and 27 quality
26 and 28 of
28 of 29 life

eleven mwc users with spinal cord injury were assessed before and after training [with] a service dog and 7 mo later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 users
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 eleven 3 users
2 mwc 3 users
3 users 4 with
3 users 8 were
4 with 7 injury
5 spinal 6 cord
6 cord 7 injury
8 were 9 assessed
9 assessed 11 and
9 assessed 18 and
10 before 11 and
11 and 12 after
12 after 13 training
15 a 16 service
15 a 17 dog
16 service 17 dog
17 dog 18 and
18 and 21 later
19 7 20 mo
20 mo 21 later

based on a standardized protocol , all study participants learned how to use the service dog safely and [how] to move around efficiently in different environments and under different conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 6 ,
1 based 9 participants
2 on 5 protocol
3 a 5 protocol
4 standardized 5 protocol
7 all 9 participants
8 study 9 participants
9 participants 18 and
10 learned 11 how
10 learned 18 and
11 how 12 to
11 how 13 use
12 to 13 use
13 use 16 dog
13 use 17 safely
14 the 16 dog
15 service 16 dog
18 and 20 to
18 and 21 move
20 to 21 move
21 move 22 around
21 move 23 efficiently
21 move 27 and
24 in 26 environments
24 in 27 and
25 different 26 environments
27 and 28 under
28 under 30 conditions
29 different 30 conditions

results showed that using a service dog increased the distance covered by the mwc users and also significantly decreased shoulder pain and intensity of effort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 16 and
1 results 22 and
2 showed 3 that
2 showed 16 and
3 that 4 using
3 that 8 increased
4 using 7 dog
4 using 8 increased
5 a 6 service
5 a 7 dog
6 service 7 dog
8 increased 10 distance
8 increased 12 by
9 the 10 distance
10 distance 11 covered
12 by 15 users
13 the 15 users
14 mwc 15 users
16 and 19 decreased
16 and 21 pain
17 also 19 decreased
18 significantly 19 decreased
20 shoulder 21 pain
22 and 23 intensity
22 and 24 of
24 of 25 effort

using the service dog also produced slight but significant improvements in mwc user skills and social participation and may indicate a trend for improvement in quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 using 4 dog
1 using 18 and
2 the 4 dog
3 service 4 dog
5 also 6 produced
6 produced 10 improvements
6 produced 11 in
6 produced 18 and
7 slight 8 but
8 but 9 significant
8 but 10 improvements
11 in 15 and
12 mwc 14 skills
13 user 14 skills
14 skills 15 and
15 and 17 participation
16 social 17 participation
18 and 19 may
19 may 20 indicate
20 indicate 22 trend
20 indicate 25 in
21 a 22 trend
22 trend 23 for
23 for 24 improvement
25 in 26 quality
26 quality 27 of
27 of 28 life

more extensive research is needed to precisely identify the effect of service dogs on the long - term management of mwc use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 more 2 extensive
2 extensive 3 research
3 research 4 is
4 is 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 8 identify
7 precisely 8 identify
8 identify 10 effect
8 identify 14 on
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 13 dogs
12 service 13 dogs
14 on 19 management
15 the 19 management
16 long 17 -
16 long 18 term
18 term 19 management
19 management 20 of
20 of 22 use
21 mwc 22 use

polyphenols are a class of natural compounds widely distributed in fruits , vegetables , and plants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 polyphenols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 polyphenols 2 are
2 are 4 class
3 a 4 class
4 class 5 of
5 of 7 compounds
6 natural 7 compounds
7 compounds 9 distributed
8 widely 9 distributed
9 distributed 10 in
10 in 15 and
11 fruits 12 ,
12 , 13 vegetables
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 plants

they have been reported to possess a wide range of activities in prevention and alleviation of various diseases like cancer , neuroinflammation , diabetes , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 they 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 4 reported
4 reported 5 to
4 reported 6 possess
5 to 6 possess
6 possess 9 range
6 possess 12 in
6 possess 19 like
7 a 8 wide
7 a 9 range
8 wide 9 range
9 range 10 of
10 of 11 activities
12 in 14 and
13 prevention 14 and
14 and 15 alleviation
14 and 16 of
16 of 18 diseases
17 various 18 diseases
19 like 26 and
20 cancer 21 ,
21 , 22 neuroinflammation
21 , 23 ,
23 , 24 diabetes
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 aging

polyphenols are effective against chronic diseases and recent reports indicated strong epigenetic effects of polyphenols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 polyphenols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 polyphenols 2 are
2 are 9 reports
2 are 13 effects
3 effective 4 against
3 effective 7 and
4 against 6 diseases
5 chronic 6 diseases
7 and 8 recent
7 and 9 reports
10 indicated 13 effects
11 strong 13 effects
12 epigenetic 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
14 of 15 polyphenols

most of the studies investigating epigenetic effects of natural polyphenols have focused on their beneficial effects in cancer treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 4 studies
2 of 4 studies
3 the 4 studies
4 studies 5 investigating
4 studies 11 have
5 investigating 7 effects
6 epigenetic 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 10 polyphenols
9 natural 10 polyphenols
11 have 12 focused
12 focused 13 on
12 focused 17 in
13 on 16 effects
14 their 16 effects
15 beneficial 16 effects
17 in 19 treatment
18 cancer 19 treatment

however , epigenetic defects have been demonstrated in many other diseases as well , and application of polyphenols to modulate the epigenome is becoming an interesting field of research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 defects
3 epigenetic 4 defects
4 defects 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 8 in
7 demonstrated 12 as
8 in 11 diseases
9 many 10 other
10 other 11 diseases
12 as 13 well
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 application
15 and 23 is
16 application 17 of
16 application 23 is
17 of 18 polyphenols
18 polyphenols 19 to
18 polyphenols 20 modulate
19 to 20 modulate
20 modulate 22 epigenome
21 the 22 epigenome
23 is 24 becoming
24 becoming 27 field
25 an 26 interesting
25 an 27 field
26 interesting 27 field
27 field 28 of
28 of 29 research

this review summarizes the effects of natural polyphenols in modulating epigenetic - related enzymes as well as their effect in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases with a focus on sirt1 modulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 5 effects
3 summarizes 9 in
3 summarizes 17 as
3 summarizes 20 in
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 8 polyphenols
7 natural 8 polyphenols
9 in 14 enzymes
10 modulating 14 enzymes
11 epigenetic 12 -
11 epigenetic 14 enzymes
13 related 14 enzymes
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 19 effect
18 their 19 effect
20 in 22 and
21 prevention 22 and
22 and 23 treatment
22 and 24 of
24 of 26 diseases
25 chronic 26 diseases
26 diseases 27 with
26 diseases 30 on
27 with 29 focus
28 a 29 focus
30 on 32 modulation
31 sirt1 32 modulation

we have also discussed the relation between the structure and function of epigenetic - modifying polyphenols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 discussed
3 also 4 discussed
4 discussed 6 relation
4 discussed 7 between
5 the 6 relation
7 between 10 and
8 the 9 structure
9 structure 10 and
10 and 11 function
10 and 12 of
12 of 16 polyphenols
13 epigenetic 14 -
13 epigenetic 16 polyphenols
15 modifying 16 polyphenols

microglia are the prime innate immune cells of the central nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 microglia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 microglia 2 are
2 are 7 cells
2 are 8 of
3 the 7 cells
4 prime 7 cells
5 innate 7 cells
6 immune 7 cells
8 of 12 system
9 the 12 system
10 central 12 system
11 nervous 12 system

they can transit from [a] [(] so - called ) resting state [under] homeostatic conditions towards a pro [-] inflammatory activation state upon homeostatic disturbances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 transit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 they 2 can
2 can 3 transit
3 transit 4 from
3 transit 9 called
3 transit 15 conditions
3 transit 16 towards
3 transit 23 upon
4 from 7 so
8 - 9 called
9 called 10 )
11 resting 12 state
12 state 15 conditions
14 homeostatic 15 conditions
16 towards 22 state
17 a 22 state
18 pro 22 state
20 inflammatory 21 activation
21 activation 22 state
23 upon 25 disturbances
24 homeostatic 25 disturbances

under neurodegenerative conditions , microglia [have] [been] largely perceived as neurotoxic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 microglia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 perceived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 under 3 conditions
1 under 4 ,
1 under 5 microglia
2 neurodegenerative 3 conditions
5 microglia 9 perceived
8 largely 9 perceived
9 perceived 12 cells
10 as 11 neurotoxic
11 neurotoxic 12 cells

it is now becoming clear that resting microglia [are] not inactive but that [they] serve house - keeping functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 becoming
3 now 4 becoming
4 becoming 8 microglia
4 becoming 18 keeping
5 clear 8 microglia
6 that 7 resting
7 resting 8 microglia
8 microglia 10 not
10 not 11 inactive
11 inactive 12 but
12 but 16 house
13 that 16 house
15 serve 16 house
17 - 18 keeping
18 keeping 19 functions
18 keeping 20 .

moreover , microglia activity is not limited to proinflammatory responses , but covers a spectrum of reactive profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 activity
3 microglia 4 activity
4 activity 12 but
5 is 6 not
5 is 8 to
5 is 9 proinflammatory
5 is 12 but
6 not 7 limited
8 to 9 proinflammatory
9 proinflammatory 10 responses
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 covers
13 covers 15 spectrum
14 a 15 spectrum
15 spectrum 16 of
16 of 18 profiles
17 reactive 18 profiles

depending on the actual situation , activated microglia display specific effector functions supporting inflammation , tissue remodeling , synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 depending 2 on
1 depending 6 ,
2 on 5 situation
3 the 5 situation
4 actual 5 situation
6 , 12 functions
6 , 15 ,
7 activated 8 microglia
8 microglia 12 functions
9 display 12 functions
10 specific 11 effector
11 effector 12 functions
12 functions 13 supporting
13 supporting 14 inflammation
15 , 17 remodeling
15 , 18 ,
16 tissue 17 remodeling
18 , 20 plasticity
18 , 21 and
19 synaptic 20 plasticity
21 and 22 neurogenesis

many of these functions not only relate to the current state of the local neural environment but also depend on previous experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 many 2 of
1 many 4 functions
2 of 4 functions
3 these 4 functions
4 functions 18 also
5 not 6 only
6 only 18 also
7 relate 8 to
7 relate 18 also
8 to 11 state
9 the 11 state
10 current 11 state
11 state 12 of
12 of 16 environment
13 the 16 environment
14 local 16 environment
15 neural 16 environment
17 but 18 also
18 also 19 depend
19 depend 20 on
20 on 22 experience
21 previous 22 experience

in this review , we address microglia functions with respect to determining factors , phenotypic presentations , adaptation to environmental signals and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 address
6 address 8 functions
6 address 9 with
7 microglia 8 functions
9 with 22 and
10 respect 11 to
10 respect 14 ,
11 to 12 determining
12 determining 13 factors
14 , 16 presentations
14 , 17 ,
15 phenotypic 16 presentations
17 , 18 adaptation
17 , 22 and
18 adaptation 19 to
19 to 21 signals
20 environmental 21 signals
22 and 23 aging

finally , we point out primary mechanisms of microglia activation , which may comprise therapeutic targets to control neuro - inflammatory and neurodegenerative activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 point
4 point 7 mechanisms
5 out 7 mechanisms
6 primary 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 8 of
8 of 10 activation
9 microglia 10 activation
11 , 12 which
11 , 14 comprise
12 which 13 may
13 may 14 comprise
14 comprise 16 targets
14 comprise 17 to
15 therapeutic 16 targets
17 to 18 control
18 control 24 activity
19 neuro 20 -
19 neuro 24 activity
21 inflammatory 22 and
22 and 23 neurodegenerative
22 and 24 activity

background : people with dementia are sensitive to cognitive side effects of anticholinergic drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 people
2 : 6 are
2 : 15 .
3 people 4 with
3 people 6 are
4 with 5 dementia
6 are 7 sensitive
7 sensitive 8 to
8 to 11 effects
9 cognitive 10 side
10 side 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 14 drugs
13 anticholinergic 14 drugs

however , little is known about the prevalence of anticholinergic medications and its predictors in a nationally representative sample of community [-] based elderly dementia patients in the usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 15 in
5 known 27 in
6 about 12 and
7 the 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 12 and
9 of 11 medications
10 anticholinergic 11 medications
12 and 14 predictors
13 its 14 predictors
15 in 19 sample
16 a 17 nationally
16 a 19 sample
17 nationally 18 representative
18 representative 19 sample
19 sample 20 of
20 of 26 patients
21 community 23 based
23 based 25 dementia
24 elderly 25 dementia
25 dementia 26 patients
27 in 29 usa
28 the 29 usa

objectives : the objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of anticholinergic drugs use in elderly dementia patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 objectives
2 : 8 were
3 the 4 objectives
4 objectives 5 of
4 objectives 8 were
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 were 9 to
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 18 use
10 determine 19 in
11 the 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 and
13 and 14 predictors
13 and 15 of
13 and 18 use
15 of 17 drugs
16 anticholinergic 17 drugs
19 in 22 patients
20 elderly 22 patients
21 dementia 22 patients

methods : the study involved retrospective analysis of the 2005 - 2009 medical expenditure panel surveys ( meps ) , a nationally representative sample of the [non] [-] institutionalized us population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 analysis
3 the 7 analysis
4 study 5 involved
5 involved 7 analysis
6 retrospective 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
8 of 18 meps
9 the 11 -
10 2005 11 -
11 - 12 2009
11 - 18 meps
13 medical 14 expenditure
14 expenditure 15 panel
15 panel 16 surveys
16 surveys 18 meps
17 ( 18 meps
18 meps 19 )
18 meps 24 sample
20 , 24 sample
21 a 22 nationally
21 a 24 sample
22 nationally 23 representative
23 representative 24 sample
24 sample 25 of
24 sample 32 .
25 of 31 population
26 the 31 population
29 institutionalized 31 population
30 us 31 population

the study evaluated annual prevalence of anticholinergic drug use during the study period and factors associated with the use of anticholinergics among community [-] dwelling persons aged 65 and older with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 14 and
3 evaluated 16 associated
4 annual 5 prevalence
5 prevalence 6 of
5 prevalence 14 and
6 of 9 use
7 anticholinergic 8 drug
8 drug 9 use
9 use 10 during
10 during 13 period
11 the 13 period
12 study 13 period
14 and 15 factors
14 and 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
16 associated 31 with
17 with 19 use
17 with 29 and
18 the 19 use
19 use 20 of
20 of 21 anticholinergics
21 anticholinergics 22 among
22 among 26 persons
23 community 25 dwelling
25 dwelling 26 persons
27 aged 28 65
27 aged 29 and
29 and 30 older
31 with 32 dementia

the anticholinergic drugs were identified using the anticholinergic drug scale ( ads ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 drugs
2 anticholinergic 3 drugs
3 drugs 4 were
4 were 5 identified
5 identified 6 using
6 using 12 ads
7 the 12 ads
8 anticholinergic 9 drug
9 drug 10 scale
10 scale 12 ads
11 ( 12 ads
12 ads 13 )

multiple logistic regression within the conceptual framework of the anderson behavioral model was performed to identify predictors associated with clinically significant anticholinergic [drug] ( ads level 2 or 3 ) use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 within
3 regression 8 of
3 regression 13 was
4 within 7 framework
5 the 7 framework
6 conceptual 7 framework
8 of 12 model
9 the 12 model
10 anderson 11 behavioral
11 behavioral 12 model
13 was 14 performed
14 performed 15 to
15 to 16 identify
16 identify 17 predictors
16 identify 19 with
17 predictors 18 associated
19 with 31 use
20 clinically 21 significant
21 significant 31 use
22 anticholinergic 25 ads
22 anticholinergic 30 )
22 anticholinergic 31 use
24 ( 25 ads
25 ads 26 level
25 ads 30 )
26 level 28 or
27 2 28 or
28 or 29 3

results : according to the meps , there [were] [a] total of 1.56 [ 95 % confidence [interval] ( ci ) [1.34] , 1.73 []] million elderly dementia patients annually during the study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 according
3 according 4 to
3 according 29 patients
3 according 30 annually
3 according 31 during
4 to 6 meps
5 the 6 meps
6 meps 11 total
7 , 11 total
8 there 11 total
11 total 12 of
11 total 23 ,
12 of 13 1.56
13 1.56 17 confidence
14 [ 17 confidence
15 95 16 %
16 % 17 confidence
17 confidence 20 ci
17 confidence 21 )
19 ( 20 ci
20 ci 21 )
24 1.73 26 million
26 million 29 patients
27 elderly 29 patients
28 dementia 29 patients
31 during 34 period
32 the 34 period
33 study 34 period

approximately , 23.3 % [(] 95 % ci 19.2 , 27.5 ) [of] elderly dementia patients used clinically significant anticholinergic agents ( ads level 2 or 3 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 approximately 2 ,
1 approximately 16 patients
3 23.3 4 %
4 % 16 patients
6 95 7 %
7 % 16 patients
8 ci 9 19.2
8 ci 11 27.5
8 ci 16 patients
10 , 11 27.5
11 27.5 12 )
14 elderly 15 dementia
15 dementia 16 patients
16 patients 17 used
17 used 21 agents
18 clinically 19 significant
19 significant 21 agents
20 anticholinergic 21 agents
21 agents 23 ads
22 ( 23 ads
23 ads 24 level
23 ads 28 )
24 level 26 or
25 2 26 or
26 or 27 3

among the need factors , elderly dementia patients having mood disorders [ odds [ratio] ( or [ )(2.19 [;] 95 % ci 1.19 , 4.06 ] and urinary incontinence ( or 6.58 [;] 95 % ci 2.84 , 15.29 ) were more likely to use drugs with clinically significant anticholinergic activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 among 3 need
1 among 27 and
2 the 3 need
4 factors 5 ,
5 , 8 patients
5 , 27 and
6 elderly 8 patients
7 dementia 8 patients
8 patients 9 having
9 having 11 disorders
10 mood 11 disorders
11 disorders 13 odds
12 [ 13 odds
13 odds 22 ci
13 odds 26 ]
15 ( 22 ci
16 or 18 )(2.19
16 or 22 ci
20 95 22 ci
21 % 22 ci
22 ci 23 1.19
22 ci 25 4.06
22 ci 26 ]
24 , 25 4.06
25 4.06 26 ]
27 and 29 incontinence
27 and 36 ci
27 and 39 15.29
27 and 41 were
28 urinary 29 incontinence
30 ( 36 ci
31 or 36 ci
32 6.58 36 ci
34 95 36 ci
35 % 36 ci
36 ci 37 2.84
36 ci 38 ,
38 , 39 15.29
39 15.29 40 )
41 were 43 likely
42 more 43 likely
43 likely 44 to
44 to 45 use
45 use 46 drugs
46 drugs 47 with
47 with 51 activities
48 clinically 49 significant
49 significant 51 activities
50 anticholinergic 51 activities

of the enabling factors , the odds of receiving higher - level anticholinergic drugs were significantly lower for patients who resided in the west region ( or 0.41 ; 95 % ci 0.17 , 0.95 ) compared to the reference group , northeast . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ;
1 of 4 factors
1 of 11 -
1 of 14 drugs
2 the 4 factors
3 enabling 4 factors
4 factors 7 odds
5 , 7 odds
6 the 7 odds
7 odds 8 of
7 odds 11 -
8 of 9 receiving
9 receiving 10 higher
12 level 14 drugs
13 anticholinergic 14 drugs
14 drugs 15 were
15 were 16 significantly
15 were 17 lower
17 lower 18 for
18 for 19 patients
19 patients 20 who
19 patients 21 resided
19 patients 27 or
20 who 21 resided
21 resided 22 in
22 in 25 region
23 the 25 region
24 west 25 region
26 ( 27 or
27 or 28 0.41
27 or 29 ;
29 ; 32 ci
29 ; 37 compared
30 95 32 ci
31 % 32 ci
32 ci 33 0.17
32 ci 35 0.95
32 ci 37 compared
34 , 35 0.95
35 0.95 36 )
37 compared 38 to
38 to 41 group
39 the 41 group
40 reference 41 group
41 group 43 northeast
42 , 43 northeast
43 northeast 44 .

conclusion : over one in five elderly dementia patients used drugs with clinically significant anticholinergic effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 one
2 : 10 used
2 : 17 .
3 over 4 one
4 one 5 in
4 one 10 used
5 in 9 patients
6 five 9 patients
7 elderly 9 patients
8 dementia 9 patients
10 used 11 drugs
10 used 12 with
12 with 16 effects
13 clinically 14 significant
14 significant 16 effects
15 anticholinergic 16 effects

mood disorder , urinary incontinence , and region were significantly associated with use of these drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mood 2 disorder
2 disorder 3 ,
3 , 5 incontinence
3 , 7 and
4 urinary 5 incontinence
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 region
7 and 9 were
9 were 11 associated
10 significantly 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 13 use
13 use 14 of
14 of 16 drugs
15 these 16 drugs

concerted efforts are needed to improve the quality of medication use by focusing on clinically significant anticholinergic agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 concerted 2 efforts
2 efforts 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 12 by
5 to 6 improve
6 improve 8 quality
7 the 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 11 use
10 medication 11 use
12 by 13 focusing
13 focusing 14 on
14 on 18 agents
15 clinically 16 significant
16 significant 18 agents
17 anticholinergic 18 agents

background : recent evidence has [emerged] that a dopamine agonist , pramipexole , may increase the risk of heart failure among caucasian patients , but the association has not been examined among asian patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 recent
2 : 7 that
3 recent 4 evidence
3 recent 5 has
4 evidence 5 has
7 that 10 agonist
7 that 15 increase
8 a 9 dopamine
8 a 10 agonist
9 dopamine 10 agonist
10 agonist 12 pramipexole
10 agonist 14 may
11 , 12 pramipexole
12 pramipexole 13 ,
14 may 15 increase
15 increase 17 risk
15 increase 21 among
16 the 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 20 failure
19 heart 20 failure
21 among 23 patients
22 caucasian 23 patients
24 , 25 but
25 but 27 association
25 but 31 examined
26 the 27 association
27 association 28 has
28 has 29 not
28 has 30 been
30 been 31 examined
31 examined 32 among
32 among 34 patients
33 asian 34 patients

the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between use of dopamine agonists and the risk of heart failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 explore
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 10 relationship
8 explore 11 between
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 12 use
12 use 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 dopamine 15 agonists
15 agonists 16 and
16 and 18 risk
16 and 19 of
17 the 18 risk
19 of 21 failure
20 heart 21 failure

methods : using data from taiwan 's national health insurance research database ( nhird ) , we identified a population - based cohort comprising 27,135 patients who were prescribed anti - parkinsonian drugs between 2001 and 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 17 we
2 : 18 identified
2 : 31 -
2 : 32 parkinsonian
2 : 38 .
3 using 4 data
3 using 5 from
3 using 16 ,
3 using 17 we
5 from 12 database
6 taiwan 7 's
7 's 12 database
8 national 9 health
9 health 10 insurance
10 insurance 12 database
11 research 12 database
12 database 14 nhird
13 ( 14 nhird
14 nhird 15 )
17 we 18 identified
18 identified 20 population
19 a 20 population
20 population 26 patients
21 - 26 patients
22 based 23 cohort
23 cohort 26 patients
24 comprising 26 patients
25 27,135 26 patients
26 patients 27 who
26 patients 28 were
26 patients 31 -
27 who 28 were
28 were 29 prescribed
29 prescribed 30 anti
31 - 32 parkinsonian
32 parkinsonian 33 drugs
32 parkinsonian 34 between
34 between 36 and
35 2001 36 and
36 and 37 2010

we conducted a [nested] case - control study in which 1,707 cases of newly diagnosed heart failure were matched to 3,414 controls ( 1:2 matched according to age , gender and cohort entry [year] ) within this cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 5 case
2 conducted 36 within
3 a 5 case
5 case 8 study
6 - 8 study
7 control 8 study
8 study 9 in
8 study 35 )
9 in 10 which
9 in 12 cases
9 in 19 matched
11 1,707 12 cases
12 cases 13 of
12 cases 19 matched
13 of 16 heart
14 newly 15 diagnosed
15 diagnosed 16 heart
16 heart 17 failure
16 heart 18 were
17 failure 18 were
19 matched 20 to
19 matched 31 and
20 to 22 controls
21 3,414 22 controls
22 controls 24 1:2
23 ( 24 1:2
24 1:2 25 matched
24 1:2 29 ,
25 matched 27 to
26 according 27 to
27 to 28 age
30 gender 31 and
31 and 33 entry
32 cohort 33 entry
36 within 38 cohort
37 this 38 cohort

multivariable conditional logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between use of dopamine agonists and heart failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 multivariable 4 regressions
2 conditional 3 logistic
3 logistic 4 regressions
4 regressions 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 16 and
7 to 16 and
8 estimate 10 association
8 estimate 11 between
8 estimate 16 and
9 the 10 association
11 between 12 use
12 use 13 of
13 of 15 agonists
14 dopamine 15 agonists
16 and 17 heart
17 heart 18 failure

results : an increased risk of heart failure was observed with current use of ergot - derived dopamine agonists [(] adjusted odds ratio [[] or []] 1.46 , 95 % confidence interval [ ci ] [1.00] - 2.12 [ )(but not with current use [of] [non] - ergot - derived dopamine agonists ( adjusted or 1.24 , 95 % ci 0.84 - 1.82 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 risk
2 : 10 observed
3 an 5 risk
4 increased 5 risk
5 risk 6 of
5 risk 8 failure
5 risk 9 was
5 risk 10 observed
6 of 7 heart
8 failure 9 was
10 observed 13 use
10 observed 21 adjusted
11 with 12 current
11 with 13 use
13 use 14 of
13 use 21 adjusted
14 of 19 agonists
15 ergot 16 -
15 ergot 18 dopamine
17 derived 18 dopamine
18 dopamine 19 agonists
21 adjusted 25 or
22 odds 23 ratio
23 ratio 25 or
25 or 27 1.46
25 or 37 -
28 , 37 -
29 95 32 interval
30 % 31 confidence
31 confidence 32 interval
32 interval 34 ci
32 interval 37 -
33 [ 34 ci
34 ci 35 ]
37 - 38 2.12
38 2.12 40 )(but
38 2.12 42 with
40 )(but 41 not
42 with 44 use
43 current 44 use
44 use 49 -
44 use 55 or
47 - 49 -
48 ergot 49 -
49 - 52 agonists
50 derived 51 dopamine
51 dopamine 52 agonists
53 ( 55 or
54 adjusted 55 or
55 or 56 1.24
55 or 60 ci
55 or 65 .
57 , 60 ci
58 95 60 ci
59 % 60 ci
60 ci 61 0.84
60 ci 63 1.82
60 ci 65 .
62 - 63 1.82
63 1.82 64 )

among [non] [-] ergot - derived dopamine agonists , both pramipexole [(] adjusted or 1.40 , 95 % ci 0.75 - 2.61 ) [and] ropinirole ( adjusted or 1.22 , 95 % ci 0.76 - 1.95 [ )( [a] [non] - significantly increased heart failure risk . 
1 among 4 ergot
1 among 9 ,
1 among 10 both
4 ergot 8 agonists
5 - 8 agonists
6 derived 7 dopamine
7 dopamine 8 agonists
8 agonists 9 ,
10 both 11 pramipexole
10 both 13 adjusted
13 adjusted 25 ropinirole
14 or 15 1.40
14 or 19 ci
14 or 22 2.61
14 or 25 ropinirole
16 , 19 ci
17 95 19 ci
18 % 19 ci
19 ci 20 0.75
19 ci 21 -
21 - 22 2.61
22 2.61 23 )
25 ropinirole 28 or
25 ropinirole 33 ci
25 ropinirole 36 1.95
26 ( 28 or
27 adjusted 28 or
28 or 29 1.22
28 or 30 ,
30 , 33 ci
31 95 33 ci
32 % 33 ci
33 ci 34 0.76
33 ci 35 -
35 - 36 1.95
36 1.95 46 risk
36 1.95 47 .
41 - 42 significantly
41 - 46 risk
43 increased 44 heart
44 heart 45 failure
45 failure 46 risk
46 risk 47 .

although the findings of our study were limited by lack of statistical power , a clear pattern of an increased duration of pramipexole use and an increased risk of heart failure were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 although 3 findings
1 although 8 limited
1 although 14 ,
1 although 17 pattern
2 the 3 findings
3 findings 4 of
3 findings 7 were
4 of 6 study
5 our 6 study
7 were 8 limited
8 limited 9 by
9 by 10 lack
10 lack 11 of
11 of 13 power
12 statistical 13 power
15 a 17 pattern
16 clear 17 pattern
17 pattern 18 of
17 pattern 32 were
18 of 21 duration
19 an 21 duration
20 increased 21 duration
21 duration 22 of
21 duration 29 of
22 of 25 and
23 pramipexole 24 use
24 use 25 and
25 and 28 risk
26 an 28 risk
27 increased 28 risk
29 of 31 failure
30 heart 31 failure
32 were 33 observed

conclusion : use of dopamine agonists , including pramipexole , [was] associated with [non] - significantly increased risks of heart failure in this population - based study in taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 use
2 : 26 based
3 use 4 of
3 use 6 agonists
3 use 13 with
3 use 18 risks
3 use 26 based
4 of 5 dopamine
6 agonists 8 including
6 agonists 12 associated
7 , 8 including
8 including 9 pramipexole
8 including 10 ,
12 associated 13 with
15 - 16 significantly
15 - 18 risks
17 increased 18 risks
18 risks 19 of
18 risks 25 -
19 of 21 failure
20 heart 21 failure
21 failure 22 in
22 in 24 population
23 this 24 population
26 based 27 study
26 based 28 in
28 in 29 taiwan

further investigation is needed to clarify this potential association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 further 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 clarify
6 clarify 9 association
7 this 9 association
8 potential 9 association

unlabelled : courage in europe was a 3 [-] year project involving 12 partners from four european countries and the world health organization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 courage
2 : 6 was
3 courage 4 in
3 courage 6 was
4 in 5 europe
6 was 11 project
7 a 11 project
8 3 10 year
10 year 11 project
11 project 12 involving
12 involving 14 partners
13 12 14 partners
14 partners 15 from
15 from 19 and
16 four 18 countries
17 european 18 countries
18 countries 19 and
19 and 23 organization
20 the 23 organization
21 world 22 health
22 health 23 organization

it was inspired by the pressing need to integrate international studies on disability and ageing in light of an innovative perspective based on [a] validated data - collection protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 inspired
3 inspired 4 by
3 inspired 8 to
3 inspired 9 integrate
4 by 7 need
5 the 7 need
6 pressing 7 need
8 to 9 integrate
9 integrate 11 studies
9 integrate 12 on
9 integrate 16 in
10 international 11 studies
12 on 14 and
13 disability 14 and
14 and 15 ageing
16 in 17 light
17 light 18 of
17 light 22 based
18 of 21 perspective
19 an 20 innovative
19 an 21 perspective
20 innovative 21 perspective
22 based 23 on
23 on 26 data
25 validated 26 data
26 data 29 protocol
27 - 29 protocol
28 collection 29 protocol
29 protocol 30 .

courage in europe project collected data on the determinants of health and disability in an ageing population , with specific tools for the evaluation of the role of the built environment and social networks on health , disability , quality of life and well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 courage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 ,
1 courage 2 in
1 courage 5 collected
2 in 4 project
3 europe 4 project
5 collected 6 data
5 collected 7 on
5 collected 14 in
5 collected 19 with
7 on 12 and
8 the 9 determinants
9 determinants 10 of
9 determinants 12 and
10 of 11 health
12 and 13 disability
14 in 17 population
15 an 16 ageing
15 an 17 population
16 ageing 17 population
18 , 19 with
19 with 21 tools
19 with 35 on
19 with 37 ,
20 specific 21 tools
21 tools 22 for
21 tools 25 of
21 tools 28 of
22 for 24 evaluation
23 the 24 evaluation
25 of 27 role
26 the 27 role
28 of 32 and
29 the 31 environment
30 built 31 environment
31 environment 32 and
32 and 34 networks
33 social 34 networks
35 on 36 health
37 , 43 and
37 , 45 -
38 disability 39 ,
39 , 40 quality
39 , 43 and
40 quality 41 of
41 of 42 life
43 and 44 well
45 - 46 being
45 - 47 .

the main survey was conducted by partners in finland , poland and spain where the survey has been administered to a sample of 10,800 persons , which was completed in march 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 survey
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 survey
2 main 3 survey
3 survey 4 was
4 was 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 by
5 conducted 8 in
5 conducted 14 where
6 by 7 partners
8 in 12 and
9 finland 10 ,
10 , 11 poland
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 spain
14 where 16 survey
14 where 19 administered
15 the 16 survey
16 survey 17 has
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 administered
19 administered 20 to
20 to 22 sample
21 a 22 sample
22 sample 23 of
23 of 25 persons
24 10,800 25 persons
26 , 27 which
26 , 29 completed
27 which 28 was
28 was 29 completed
29 completed 30 in
30 in 31 march
31 march 32 2012

[the] newly developed and validated courage protocol for ageing studies has proven to be a valid tool for collecting comparable data in ageing population , and the courage in europe project has created valid and reliable scientific evidence , demonstrating cross - country comparability , for disability and ageing research and policy development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 ,
2 newly 4 and
3 developed 4 and
4 and 5 validated
5 validated 7 protocol
6 courage 7 protocol
7 protocol 8 for
7 protocol 12 proven
8 for 9 ageing
9 ageing 10 studies
9 ageing 11 has
10 studies 11 has
12 proven 13 to
12 proven 18 for
12 proven 29 in
13 to 14 be
14 be 17 tool
15 a 17 tool
16 valid 17 tool
18 for 19 collecting
19 collecting 21 data
19 collecting 22 in
20 comparable 21 data
22 in 26 and
23 ageing 24 population
24 population 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 courage
27 the 28 courage
29 in 30 europe
30 europe 31 project
30 europe 33 created
31 project 32 has
32 has 33 created
33 created 38 evidence
34 valid 35 and
35 and 36 reliable
35 and 38 evidence
37 scientific 38 evidence
39 , 41 cross
39 , 42 -
40 demonstrating 41 cross
42 - 44 comparability
43 country 44 comparability
44 comparability 46 for
45 , 46 for
46 for 51 and
46 for 54 .
47 disability 48 and
48 and 50 research
48 and 51 and
49 ageing 50 research
51 and 53 development
51 and 54 .
52 policy 53 development

it is therefore recommended that future studies exploring determinants of health and disability in ageing use the courage - derived methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 recommended
3 therefore 4 recommended
4 recommended 5 that
5 that 7 studies
5 that 16 use
6 future 7 studies
7 studies 8 exploring
7 studies 10 of
7 studies 16 use
8 exploring 9 determinants
10 of 12 and
11 health 12 and
12 and 13 disability
12 and 14 in
14 in 15 ageing
16 use 18 courage
17 the 18 courage
19 - 21 methodology
20 derived 21 methodology

key practitioner message : courage in europe project collected data on the determinants of health and disability in an ageing population , with specific tools for the evaluation of the role [of] built environment and social networks on health , disability quality of life and well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 message
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 key 2 practitioner
2 practitioner 3 message
4 : 8 project
4 : 9 collected
4 : 40 ,
4 : 47 -
5 courage 6 in
5 courage 8 project
6 in 7 europe
8 project 9 collected
9 collected 10 data
9 collected 11 on
9 collected 18 in
11 on 16 and
12 the 13 determinants
13 determinants 14 of
13 determinants 16 and
14 of 15 health
16 and 17 disability
18 in 21 population
19 an 20 ageing
19 an 21 population
20 ageing 21 population
21 population 23 with
22 , 23 with
23 with 25 tools
23 with 26 for
23 with 40 ,
24 specific 25 tools
26 for 28 evaluation
27 the 28 evaluation
28 evaluation 29 of
29 of 35 and
30 the 34 environment
31 role 33 built
33 built 34 environment
34 environment 35 and
35 and 37 networks
35 and 38 on
36 social 37 networks
38 on 39 health
40 , 45 and
41 disability 42 quality
42 quality 43 of
42 quality 45 and
43 of 44 life
45 and 46 well
45 and 47 -
47 - 48 being
47 - 49 .

the courage protocol for ageing studies has proven to be a valid tool for collecting comparable data in the ageing population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protocol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 protocol
2 courage 3 protocol
3 protocol 4 for
3 protocol 7 has
4 for 6 studies
5 ageing 6 studies
7 has 8 proven
8 proven 9 to
8 proven 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 13 tool
11 a 12 valid
11 a 13 tool
12 valid 13 tool
13 tool 14 for
14 for 15 collecting
15 collecting 17 data
15 collecting 18 in
16 comparable 17 data
18 in 21 population
19 the 21 population
20 ageing 21 population

the courage in europe consortium recommends that future studies exploring determinants of health and disability in ageing use courage - derived methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 courage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 recommends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 the 2 courage
2 courage 3 in
2 courage 6 recommends
3 in 5 consortium
4 europe 5 consortium
6 recommends 7 that
7 that 9 studies
7 that 18 use
8 future 9 studies
9 studies 10 exploring
10 exploring 14 and
11 determinants 12 of
11 determinants 14 and
12 of 13 health
14 and 15 disability
14 and 16 in
16 in 17 ageing
18 use 19 courage
20 - 22 methodology
20 - 23 .
21 derived 22 methodology

introduction : one research strategy that can be used with the cognitive reserve is to establish groups of elderly persons who differ in key variables that affect the cognitive reserve and then compare their performance in cognitive tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 5 strategy
2 : 14 is
3 one 5 strategy
4 research 5 strategy
5 strategy 6 that
5 strategy 7 can
5 strategy 14 is
6 that 7 can
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 used
9 used 10 with
10 with 13 reserve
11 the 13 reserve
12 cognitive 13 reserve
14 is 15 to
14 is 23 in
15 to 16 establish
16 establish 17 groups
17 groups 18 of
17 groups 21 who
17 groups 22 differ
18 of 20 persons
19 elderly 20 persons
21 who 22 differ
23 in 25 variables
24 key 25 variables
25 variables 26 that
25 variables 31 and
26 that 31 and
27 affect 30 reserve
27 affect 31 and
28 the 30 reserve
29 cognitive 30 reserve
31 and 33 compare
32 then 33 compare
33 compare 35 performance
33 compare 36 in
34 their 35 performance
36 in 38 tests
37 cognitive 38 tests

aims : to determine which of the variables that have an influence on the cognitive reserve ( measured by means of the cognitive reserve questionnaire ) are related with performance in the boston naming test , and in the vocabulary and grammar comprehension tests from the ecco_senior battery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 aims 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 which
4 determine 29 with
5 which 6 of
5 which 27 are
6 of 8 variables
7 the 8 variables
8 variables 9 that
8 variables 10 have
8 variables 18 measured
9 that 10 have
10 have 12 influence
10 have 13 on
11 an 12 influence
13 on 16 reserve
14 the 16 reserve
15 cognitive 16 reserve
17 ( 18 measured
18 measured 19 by
18 measured 26 )
19 by 20 means
20 means 21 of
21 of 25 questionnaire
22 the 25 questionnaire
23 cognitive 25 questionnaire
24 reserve 25 questionnaire
27 are 28 related
29 with 30 performance
30 performance 37 and
30 performance 43 comprehension
30 performance 44 tests
31 in 35 test
31 in 37 and
32 the 35 test
33 boston 34 naming
34 naming 35 test
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 in
38 in 41 and
39 the 40 vocabulary
40 vocabulary 41 and
41 and 42 grammar
43 comprehension 44 tests
44 tests 45 from
45 from 48 battery
46 the 48 battery
47 ecco_senior 48 battery

subjects and methods : the sample consisted of 83 elderly persons aged between 60 and 75 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 subjects 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 17 years
5 the 6 sample
6 sample 7 consisted
7 consisted 8 of
8 of 11 persons
9 83 11 persons
10 elderly 11 persons
11 persons 12 aged
12 aged 13 between
13 between 15 and
14 60 15 and
15 and 16 75
16 75 17 years

results and conclusions : schooling , parents ' schooling , job and reading habits are closely related to the performance of the elderly in naming , grammar comprehension and vocabulary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 conclusions
3 conclusions 4 :
4 : 5 schooling
5 schooling 12 and
6 , 12 and
7 parents 8 '
8 ' 9 schooling
9 schooling 10 ,
10 , 11 job
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 reading
12 and 14 habits
12 and 25 naming
12 and 26 ,
14 habits 15 are
15 are 16 closely
15 are 17 related
17 related 18 to
18 to 20 performance
19 the 20 performance
20 performance 21 of
20 performance 24 in
21 of 23 elderly
22 the 23 elderly
24 in 25 naming
26 , 29 and
27 grammar 28 comprehension
28 comprehension 29 and
29 and 30 vocabulary

schooling affects the comprehension of sentences with a higher propositional density , and reading habits seem to be closely related with the comprehension of sentences that are more complex in terms of their syntax . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 schooling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 affects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 schooling 2 affects
2 affects 4 comprehension
2 affects 7 with
3 the 4 comprehension
4 comprehension 5 of
5 of 6 sentences
7 with 11 density
8 a 11 density
9 higher 11 density
10 propositional 11 density
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 reading
13 and 20 related
14 reading 15 habits
14 reading 16 seem
14 reading 20 related
15 habits 16 seem
16 seem 17 to
16 seem 18 be
17 to 18 be
18 be 19 closely
20 related 21 with
21 with 23 comprehension
22 the 23 comprehension
23 comprehension 24 of
24 of 25 sentences
25 sentences 26 that
25 sentences 27 are
26 that 27 are
27 are 28 more
27 are 29 complex
29 complex 30 in
30 in 31 terms
31 terms 32 of
32 of 34 syntax
33 their 34 syntax

schooling and job affect the performance obtained when dealing with verbs in the vocabulary test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 schooling 2 and
2 and 3 job
2 and 4 affect
4 affect 6 performance
5 the 6 performance
6 performance 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 when
8 when 9 dealing
9 dealing 10 with
9 dealing 12 in
10 with 11 verbs
12 in 15 test
13 the 15 test
14 vocabulary 15 test

chronic exposure of human skin to solar ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation causes premature skin aging , which is characterized by reduced type i collagen production and increased fragmentation of the dermal collagenous extracellular matrix . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 chronic 2 exposure
2 exposure 3 of
2 exposure 13 causes
3 of 5 skin
4 human 5 skin
5 skin 6 to
6 to 12 irradiation
7 solar 12 irradiation
8 ultraviolet 10 uv
8 ultraviolet 12 irradiation
9 ( 10 uv
10 uv 11 )
13 causes 15 skin
14 premature 15 skin
15 skin 16 aging
17 , 18 which
17 , 27 and
18 which 19 is
19 is 27 and
20 characterized 21 by
20 characterized 26 production
20 characterized 27 and
21 by 23 type
22 reduced 23 type
23 type 24 i
25 collagen 26 production
27 and 28 increased
28 increased 29 fragmentation
29 fragmentation 30 of
30 of 35 matrix
31 the 35 matrix
32 dermal 35 matrix
33 collagenous 35 matrix
34 extracellular 35 matrix

this imbalance of collagen homeostasis is mediated , [in] part , by elevated expression of the matricellular protein cysteine - rich protein 61 ( ccn1 ) , in dermal fibroblasts , the primary collagen producing cell type in human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 this 2 imbalance
2 imbalance 3 of
2 imbalance 6 is
3 of 5 homeostasis
4 collagen 5 homeostasis
6 is 8 ,
7 mediated 8 ,
8 , 10 part
8 , 37 type
10 part 12 by
10 part 28 in
11 , 12 by
12 by 14 expression
12 by 27 ,
13 elevated 14 expression
14 expression 15 of
14 expression 22 protein
15 of 19 cysteine
16 the 19 cysteine
17 matricellular 18 protein
18 protein 19 cysteine
20 - 22 protein
21 rich 22 protein
22 protein 23 61
22 protein 25 ccn1
22 protein 27 ,
24 ( 25 ccn1
25 ccn1 26 )
27 , 28 in
28 in 30 fibroblasts
28 in 31 ,
29 dermal 30 fibroblasts
32 the 37 type
33 primary 34 collagen
34 collagen 36 cell
35 producing 36 cell
36 cell 37 type
37 type 38 in
38 in 40 skin
39 human 40 skin

here , we report that the actions of ccn1 are mediated by induction of interleukin 1β ( il - 1β ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 5 that
5 that 7 actions
5 that 11 mediated
6 the 7 actions
7 actions 8 of
7 actions 10 are
8 of 9 ccn1
10 are 11 mediated
11 mediated 12 by
12 by 13 induction
13 induction 14 of
13 induction 18 il
14 of 16 1β
15 interleukin 16 1β
17 ( 18 il
18 il 20 1β
18 il 21 )
19 - 20 1β
20 1β 21 )

ccn1 and il - 1β [are] strikingly induced by acute uv irradiation , and constitutively elevated in sun - exposed prematurely aged human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 ccn1 2 and
2 and 3 il
4 - 5 1β
4 - 14 and
4 - 19 -
4 - 25 .
5 1β 14 and
7 strikingly 8 induced
8 induced 9 by
8 induced 12 irradiation
8 induced 14 and
9 by 11 uv
10 acute 11 uv
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 elevated
14 and 17 in
15 constitutively 16 elevated
17 in 18 sun
19 - 24 skin
20 exposed 23 human
21 prematurely 22 aged
22 aged 23 human
23 human 24 skin

elevated ccn1 rapidly induces il - 1β , inhibits type [i] collagen production , and upregulates matrix metalloproteinase - 1 , which degrades collagen fibrils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ccn1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 elevated 2 ccn1
2 ccn1 4 induces
2 ccn1 7 1β
2 ccn1 15 and
3 rapidly 4 induces
4 induces 5 il
4 induces 6 -
6 - 7 1β
7 1β 8 ,
9 inhibits 13 production
9 inhibits 15 and
10 type 13 production
12 collagen 13 production
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 upregulates
16 upregulates 18 metalloproteinase
17 matrix 18 metalloproteinase
18 metalloproteinase 20 1
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 ,
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 degrades
22 which 23 degrades
23 degrades 25 fibrils
24 collagen 25 fibrils

blockade of il - 1β actions by il - 1 receptor antagonist largely prevents the deleterious effects of ccn1 on collagen homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 antagonist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 prevents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 blockade 12 antagonist
2 of 3 il
2 of 9 -
2 of 12 antagonist
3 il 6 actions
4 - 6 actions
5 1β 6 actions
6 actions 7 by
6 actions 9 -
7 by 8 il
10 1 12 antagonist
11 receptor 12 antagonist
12 antagonist 14 prevents
13 largely 14 prevents
14 prevents 17 effects
14 prevents 20 on
15 the 17 effects
16 deleterious 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
18 of 19 ccn1
20 on 22 homeostasis
21 collagen 22 homeostasis

furthermore , knockdown [of] ccn1 significantly reduces induction of il - 1β by uv irradiation , and thereby partially prevents collagen loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ccn1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 ccn1
3 knockdown 5 ccn1
5 ccn1 17 and
6 significantly 7 reduces
7 reduces 8 induction
7 reduces 17 and
8 induction 9 of
9 of 10 il
10 il 12 1β
11 - 12 1β
12 1β 13 by
12 1β 16 ,
13 by 15 irradiation
14 uv 15 irradiation
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 prevents
18 thereby 20 prevents
19 partially 20 prevents
20 prevents 22 loss
21 collagen 22 loss

these data demonstrate that elevated ccn1promotes inflammaging and collagen loss via induction of il - 1β and thereby contributes to the pathophysiology of premature aging in [chronically] sun - exposed human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
3 demonstrate 17 and
4 that 17 and
5 elevated 6 ccn1promotes
5 elevated 17 and
6 ccn1promotes 8 and
6 ccn1promotes 16 1β
7 inflammaging 8 and
8 and 10 loss
8 and 15 -
8 and 16 1β
9 collagen 10 loss
10 loss 11 via
10 loss 13 of
11 via 12 induction
13 of 14 il
17 and 19 contributes
17 and 26 in
18 thereby 19 contributes
19 contributes 20 to
20 to 22 pathophysiology
21 the 22 pathophysiology
22 pathophysiology 23 of
23 of 25 aging
24 premature 25 aging
26 in 28 sun
29 - 32 skin
29 - 33 .
30 exposed 31 human
31 human 32 skin

purpose : the purpose of the study is to assess the quality - of [-] life scores and possible association with measures of ovarian reserve in female cancer survivors compared to healthy controls of similar age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assess
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 is
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 is
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 is 9 to
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 12 quality
11 the 12 quality
12 quality 14 of
13 - 14 of
14 of 18 and
14 of 37 .
16 life 17 scores
17 scores 18 and
18 and 20 association
18 and 21 with
18 and 23 of
18 and 34 of
19 possible 20 association
21 with 22 measures
23 of 25 reserve
24 ovarian 25 reserve
25 reserve 26 in
25 reserve 30 compared
26 in 29 survivors
27 female 29 survivors
28 cancer 29 survivors
30 compared 31 to
31 to 33 controls
32 healthy 33 controls
34 of 36 age
35 similar 36 age

methods : in this prospective cohort study , fifty - nine cancer survivors aged 16 - 39 years and 66 healthy , similarly aged unexposed women were recruited at the university of pennsylvania . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 study
4 this 7 study
5 prospective 7 study
6 cohort 7 study
8 , 13 survivors
8 , 14 aged
8 , 19 and
9 fifty 10 -
10 - 11 nine
10 - 13 survivors
12 cancer 13 survivors
13 survivors 14 aged
14 aged 18 years
15 16 16 -
16 - 17 39
16 - 18 years
19 and 26 women
19 and 28 recruited
20 66 26 women
21 healthy 22 ,
21 healthy 26 women
23 similarly 24 aged
24 aged 26 women
25 unexposed 26 women
26 women 27 were
27 were 28 recruited
28 recruited 29 at
29 at 31 university
30 the 31 university
31 university 32 of
32 of 33 pennsylvania

the primary outcome measures are the generic and cancer - specific domain scores on the quality of life in adult cancer survivors ( qlacs ) instrument , early follicular phase serum hormones , follicle - stimulating hormone ( fsh [ )(, luteinizing hormone ( lh ) , estradiol ( e2 [ )(, inhibin b ( inh ) , [anti] - mullerian hormone ( amh [ )(, and ovarian ultrasound measurements [ ovarian volume and antral follicle count ( afc ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 the 4 measures
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 measures
4 measures 5 are
5 are 8 and
6 the 8 and
7 generic 8 and
8 and 9 cancer
8 and 10 -
10 - 12 domain
10 - 13 scores
11 specific 12 domain
12 domain 13 scores
13 scores 14 on
13 scores 19 in
14 on 16 quality
15 the 16 quality
16 quality 17 of
17 of 18 life
19 in 26 instrument
20 adult 21 cancer
21 cancer 26 instrument
22 survivors 24 qlacs
23 ( 24 qlacs
24 qlacs 25 )
24 qlacs 26 instrument
26 instrument 32 hormones
26 instrument 36 stimulating
27 , 32 hormones
28 early 32 hormones
29 follicular 30 phase
30 phase 31 serum
31 serum 32 hormones
32 hormones 34 follicle
32 hormones 35 -
33 , 34 follicle
34 follicle 35 -
35 - 36 stimulating
36 stimulating 42 luteinizing
36 stimulating 48 estradiol
37 hormone 39 fsh
38 ( 39 fsh
39 fsh 41 )(,
41 )(, 42 luteinizing
42 luteinizing 43 hormone
42 luteinizing 47 ,
43 hormone 45 lh
44 ( 45 lh
45 lh 46 )
48 estradiol 60 -
49 ( 60 -
50 e2 53 inhibin
50 e2 60 -
52 )(, 53 inhibin
53 inhibin 54 b
53 inhibin 56 inh
53 inhibin 58 ,
55 ( 56 inh
56 inh 57 )
60 - 62 hormone
61 mullerian 62 hormone
62 hormone 70 measurements
63 ( 70 measurements
64 amh 67 and
66 )(, 67 and
67 and 69 ultrasound
67 and 70 measurements
68 ovarian 69 ultrasound
70 measurements 74 and
70 measurements 82 .
71 [ 74 and
72 ovarian 73 volume
73 volume 74 and
74 and 77 count
74 and 79 afc
74 and 81 ]
75 antral 77 count
76 follicle 77 count
78 ( 79 afc
79 afc 80 )

results : cancer survivors had significantly higher total and cancer - specific domain scores compared to unexposed participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 survivors
2 : 5 had
3 cancer 4 survivors
4 survivors 5 had
5 had 14 scores
5 had 16 to
6 significantly 7 higher
7 higher 14 scores
8 total 9 and
9 and 10 cancer
9 and 11 -
9 and 14 scores
12 specific 13 domain
13 domain 14 scores
14 scores 15 compared
16 to 18 participants
17 unexposed 18 participants

serum amh , inh , ovarian volume , and afc were lower while serum fsh was higher in cancer survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 serum 2 amh
2 amh 3 ,
3 , 4 inh
3 , 9 and
4 inh 7 volume
5 , 7 volume
6 ovarian 7 volume
7 volume 8 ,
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 afc
9 and 11 were
11 were 12 lower
12 lower 13 while
13 while 15 fsh
13 while 16 was
14 serum 15 fsh
15 fsh 16 was
16 was 17 higher
17 higher 18 in
18 in 20 survivors
19 cancer 20 survivors

although survivors exhibited diminished ovarian reserve , these markers were not independently associated with total qlacs score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 although 2 survivors
1 although 7 ,
1 although 17 score
2 survivors 3 exhibited
2 survivors 7 ,
4 diminished 6 reserve
4 diminished 7 ,
5 ovarian 6 reserve
7 , 13 associated
7 , 14 with
8 these 9 markers
9 markers 10 were
10 were 11 not
11 not 12 independently
12 independently 13 associated
14 with 16 qlacs
15 total 16 qlacs

cancer survivors [with] [irregular] [menstrual] [function] were found to have lower quality - of [-] life ( qol ) scores than those with regular cycles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 cancer 2 survivors
1 cancer 7 were
1 cancer 8 found
2 survivors 7 were
8 found 9 to
8 found 11 lower
8 found 12 quality
8 found 20 scores
9 to 10 have
12 quality 14 of
12 quality 20 scores
13 - 14 of
14 of 16 life
14 of 19 )
16 life 18 qol
17 ( 18 qol
18 qol 19 )
20 scores 21 than
20 scores 22 those
20 scores 23 with
23 with 25 cycles
24 regular 25 cycles

conclusions : we found that qol appears to be significantly impaired in cancer survivors compared to controls , even [when] remote from initial cancer diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 11 impaired
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 6 qol
5 that 7 appears
6 qol 7 appears
7 appears 8 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 impaired
10 significantly 11 impaired
11 impaired 12 in
11 impaired 16 to
11 impaired 21 remote
12 in 14 survivors
13 cancer 14 survivors
14 survivors 15 compared
16 to 18 ,
17 controls 18 ,
18 , 19 even
21 remote 22 from
22 from 25 diagnosis
23 initial 25 diagnosis
24 cancer 25 diagnosis

in addition , our study suggests that reproductive aging contributes to qol in the setting of irregular menses and likely profound impairment [of] ovarian function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 study
4 our 5 study
5 study 6 suggests
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 9 aging
7 that 10 contributes
8 reproductive 9 aging
9 aging 10 contributes
10 contributes 11 to
10 contributes 13 in
11 to 12 qol
13 in 15 setting
14 the 15 setting
15 setting 16 of
16 of 19 and
17 irregular 18 menses
18 menses 19 and
19 and 25 function
20 likely 22 impairment
21 profound 22 impairment
22 impairment 25 function
24 ovarian 25 function

the prevalence of arthritis in aging populations continues to rapidly grow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 8 continues
3 of 4 arthritis
4 arthritis 5 in
5 in 6 aging
6 aging 7 populations
8 continues 9 to
8 continues 11 grow
9 to 11 grow
10 rapidly 11 grow

research has highlighted 2 principal risk factors for progression of arthritis - related biopsychosocial symptoms : age and physical inactivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 research 2 has
2 has 3 highlighted
3 highlighted 7 factors
3 highlighted 8 for
4 2 7 factors
5 principal 7 factors
6 risk 7 factors
8 for 9 progression
9 progression 10 of
10 of 11 arthritis
12 - 13 related
13 related 15 symptoms
13 related 16 :
14 biopsychosocial 15 symptoms
16 : 18 and
17 age 18 and
18 and 20 inactivity
19 physical 20 inactivity

this study examined the relationship between [and] [within] physical activity and age on biopsychosocial symptoms of arthritis in adults ( age ≥ 30 [yr] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 relationship
3 examined 6 between
3 examined 13 on
3 examined 18 in
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 11 and
9 physical 10 activity
10 activity 11 and
11 and 12 age
13 on 15 symptoms
14 biopsychosocial 15 symptoms
15 symptoms 16 of
16 of 17 arthritis
18 in 19 adults
19 adults 22 ≥
20 ( 22 ≥
21 age 22 ≥
22 ≥ 23 30
22 ≥ 25 )

hierarchical , multiple - regression analyses were conducted on the canadian community health survey ( cycle 4.2 , 2009 - 2010 , n = 19,103 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 hierarchical 2 ,
1 hierarchical 5 regression
3 multiple 4 -
3 multiple 5 regression
5 regression 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 were
7 were 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 on
8 conducted 20 -
8 conducted 24 =
9 on 14 survey
10 the 11 canadian
11 canadian 14 survey
12 community 13 health
13 health 14 survey
14 survey 16 cycle
15 ( 16 cycle
16 cycle 17 4.2
16 cycle 18 ,
18 , 20 -
19 2009 20 -
20 - 21 2010
20 - 22 ,
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 19,103
24 = 26 )

results revealed that more - active adults had significantly fewer symptoms ( physical unstd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 results 2 revealed
2 revealed 3 that
2 revealed 4 more
5 - 7 adults
5 - 8 had
6 active 7 adults
7 adults 8 had
8 had 11 symptoms
9 significantly 10 fewer
10 fewer 11 symptoms
11 symptoms 14 unstd
12 ( 14 unstd
13 physical 14 unstd
14 unstd 15 .

b [=] - ..y 23 , [p] ≤ . 001 ; [pyschosocial] unstd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 b
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ≤
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 b 3 -
3 - 4 ..y
4 ..y 5 23
6 , 8 ≤
9 . 10 001
9 . 11 ;
9 . 13 unstd
9 . 14 .
11 ; 13 unstd

b [=] - ..y 51 , [p] ≤ . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 b
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ≤
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 b 3 -
3 - 4 ..y
4 ..y 5 51
6 , 8 ≤
9 . 10 001
9 . 12 )(

in addition , as age increased , physical symptoms intensified and psychosocial symptoms tapered [(] physical unstd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 tapered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 7 ,
1 in 11 and
2 addition 4 as
3 , 4 as
4 as 5 age
4 as 7 ,
5 age 6 increased
8 physical 9 symptoms
9 symptoms 10 intensified
9 symptoms 11 and
11 and 13 symptoms
11 and 14 tapered
12 psychosocial 13 symptoms
14 tapered 17 unstd
16 physical 17 unstd

b [=] ..y 24 , [p] ≤ . 001 ; [psychosocial] unstd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 b
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ≤
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 b 3 ..y
3 ..y 4 24
5 , 7 ≤
8 . 9 001
8 . 10 ;
8 . 12 unstd
8 . 13 .
10 ; 12 unstd

b [=] - ..y 45 , [p] ≤ . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 b
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ≤
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 b 3 -
3 - 4 ..y
4 ..y 5 45
6 , 8 ≤
9 . 10 001
9 . 12 )(

inactive older adults had the highest level of physical symptoms , while inactive younger adults had the highest level of psychosocial symptoms ( [p] ≤ [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 inactive 3 adults
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 had
4 had 7 level
4 had 12 while
5 the 6 highest
5 the 7 level
7 level 8 of
8 of 10 symptoms
9 physical 10 symptoms
11 , 12 while
12 while 15 adults
12 while 16 had
12 while 28 )
13 inactive 15 adults
14 younger 15 adults
15 adults 16 had
16 had 19 level
17 the 18 highest
17 the 19 level
19 level 20 of
19 level 25 ≤
20 of 22 symptoms
21 psychosocial 22 symptoms
23 ( 25 ≤
25 ≤ 27 001
25 ≤ 28 )

findings highlight the need to target physical activity interventions to specific age cohorts and particular biopsychosocial symptomologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 findings 2 highlight
2 highlight 4 need
2 highlight 10 to
3 the 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 6 target
5 to 6 target
6 target 9 interventions
7 physical 9 interventions
8 activity 9 interventions
10 to 14 and
11 specific 12 age
12 age 13 cohorts
13 cohorts 14 and
14 and 17 symptomologies
15 particular 17 symptomologies
16 biopsychosocial 17 symptomologies

introduction : resting state networks are proposed to reflect the neuronal connectivity that underlies cognitive processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 5 networks
2 : 7 proposed
3 resting 5 networks
4 state 5 networks
5 networks 6 are
6 are 7 proposed
7 proposed 8 to
8 to 9 reflect
9 reflect 12 connectivity
10 the 12 connectivity
11 neuronal 12 connectivity
12 connectivity 13 that
12 connectivity 14 underlies
13 that 14 underlies
14 underlies 16 processes
15 cognitive 16 processes

consequently , abnormal behaviour of these networks due to disease or altered development [may] [predict] poor cognitive outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 behaviour
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 4 behaviour
3 abnormal 4 behaviour
4 behaviour 5 of
4 behaviour 7 networks
5 of 6 these
7 networks 9 to
8 due 9 to
9 to 11 or
10 disease 11 or
11 or 18 outcome
12 altered 13 development
13 development 18 outcome
16 poor 18 outcome
17 cognitive 18 outcome

to understand how very preterm birth may affect the development of resting state connectivity , we followed a cohort of very preterm - born infants from birth through to 4 years of age using resting state functional mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 to 2 understand
1 to 15 ,
1 to 16 we
2 understand 3 how
3 how 6 birth
3 how 8 affect
4 very 5 preterm
5 preterm 6 birth
6 birth 7 may
7 may 8 affect
8 affect 10 development
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
11 of 14 connectivity
12 resting 13 state
13 state 14 connectivity
16 we 17 followed
17 followed 19 cohort
18 a 19 cohort
19 cohort 20 of
19 cohort 26 from
19 cohort 28 through
20 of 25 infants
21 very 22 preterm
22 preterm 23 -
22 preterm 25 infants
24 born 25 infants
26 from 27 birth
28 through 29 to
28 through 34 using
29 to 31 years
30 4 31 years
31 years 32 of
32 of 33 age
34 using 38 mri
35 resting 36 state
36 state 38 mri
37 functional 38 mri

methods : from a larger longitudinal cohort of infants born [very] preterm [(] < 32 weeks gestational age [ )( 36 at birth , 30 at term , 21 two [-] year and 22 four [-] year resting state fmri datasets were acquired . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 preterm
2 : 14 <
3 from 7 cohort
3 from 12 preterm
4 a 7 cohort
5 larger 7 cohort
6 longitudinal 7 cohort
7 cohort 8 of
8 of 9 infants
9 infants 10 born
12 preterm 14 <
14 < 18 age
15 32 16 weeks
16 weeks 18 age
17 gestational 18 age
18 age 21 36
18 age 22 at
22 at 23 birth
23 birth 25 30
23 birth 33 and
24 , 25 30
25 30 26 at
25 30 28 ,
26 at 27 term
28 , 33 and
29 21 32 year
30 two 32 year
32 year 33 and
33 and 37 year
33 and 38 resting
33 and 41 datasets
33 and 42 were
33 and 43 acquired
33 and 44 .
34 22 37 year
35 four 37 year
39 state 41 datasets
40 fmri 41 datasets
41 datasets 42 were

using seed - based connectivity analyses with seeds in the anterior cingulate cortex , posterior cingulate cortex , left and right motor - hand regions and left and right temporal lobes , we investigated local and inter - region connectivity as a function of group and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 seed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 using 2 seed
3 - 20 and
3 - 28 and
3 - 32 ,
3 - 48 .
4 based 5 connectivity
5 connectivity 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 with
6 analyses 14 ,
7 with 8 seeds
8 seeds 9 in
9 in 13 cortex
10 the 13 cortex
11 anterior 13 cortex
12 cingulate 13 cortex
14 , 17 cortex
14 , 18 ,
15 posterior 17 cortex
16 cingulate 17 cortex
18 , 19 left
18 , 20 and
20 and 22 motor
20 and 23 -
20 and 28 and
21 right 22 motor
24 hand 26 and
24 hand 28 and
25 regions 26 and
26 and 27 left
28 and 29 right
28 and 31 lobes
30 temporal 31 lobes
32 , 33 we
32 , 36 and
32 , 38 -
33 we 36 and
34 investigated 35 local
34 investigated 36 and
36 and 37 inter
38 - 40 connectivity
39 region 40 connectivity
40 connectivity 41 as
41 as 43 function
42 a 43 function
43 function 44 of
44 of 46 and
45 group 46 and
46 and 47 age

results : we found strong local connectivity during the preterm period , which matured [into] [inter] - hemispheric and preliminary default - mode network correlations by 4 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
2 : 31 .
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 connectivity
4 found 8 during
4 found 25 correlations
4 found 26 by
5 strong 6 local
6 local 7 connectivity
8 during 11 period
9 the 11 period
10 preterm 11 period
11 period 13 which
11 period 21 default
12 , 13 which
13 which 14 matured
13 which 17 -
17 - 21 default
18 hemispheric 19 and
19 and 20 preliminary
19 and 21 default
21 default 22 -
23 mode 24 network
24 network 25 correlations
26 by 28 years
27 4 28 years
28 years 29 of
29 of 30 age

this development is comparable to the resting state networks found in term - born infants of equivalent age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 development
2 development 3 is
3 is 4 comparable
4 comparable 5 to
5 to 8 state
6 the 8 state
7 resting 8 state
8 state 9 networks
8 state 12 term
9 networks 10 found
9 networks 12 term
10 found 11 in
13 - 15 infants
14 born 15 infants
15 infants 16 of
16 of 18 age
17 equivalent 18 age

conclusion : the results of this study suggest that differences in developmental trajectory between preterm - born [and] term [-] born infants [are] small and [,] [if] present , [would] [require] a large sample from both populations to be detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
2 : 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 suggest
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 suggest 9 that
9 that 10 differences
9 that 19 term
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 14 between
11 in 13 trajectory
12 developmental 13 trajectory
14 between 15 preterm
15 preterm 17 born
16 - 17 born
19 term 22 infants
19 term 25 and
21 born 22 infants
24 small 25 and
25 and 28 present
25 and 34 sample
29 , 34 sample
32 a 33 large
32 a 34 sample
33 large 34 sample
34 sample 35 from
34 sample 38 to
34 sample 39 be
34 sample 40 detected
34 sample 41 .
35 from 37 populations
36 both 37 populations
38 to 39 be

background : physical and cognitive activity seems to be an effective strategy [by] [which] to promote age - sensitive fluid [cognitive] abilities in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 promote
2 : 4 and
3 physical 4 and
4 and 5 cognitive
4 and 6 activity
4 and 16 promote
6 activity 7 seems
7 seems 8 to
7 seems 16 promote
8 to 9 be
9 be 12 strategy
10 an 11 effective
10 an 12 strategy
11 effective 12 strategy
15 to 16 promote
16 promote 17 age
17 age 22 abilities
18 - 22 abilities
19 sensitive 22 abilities
20 fluid 22 abilities
22 abilities 23 in
22 abilities 26 .
23 in 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

method : in this randomized controlled trial , 70 healthy senior citizens ( age 60 - 75 ) were allocated to a physical , cognitive , combined physical plus cognitive , and waiting control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 12 citizens
2 : 35 group
3 in 7 trial
3 in 8 ,
3 in 12 citizens
4 this 7 trial
5 randomized 7 trial
6 controlled 7 trial
9 70 12 citizens
10 healthy 12 citizens
11 senior 12 citizens
12 citizens 14 age
12 citizens 19 were
13 ( 14 age
14 age 16 -
14 age 18 )
15 60 16 -
16 - 17 75
19 were 20 allocated
20 allocated 21 to
21 to 29 plus
22 a 29 plus
23 physical 24 ,
23 physical 29 plus
25 cognitive 26 ,
25 cognitive 29 plus
27 combined 29 plus
28 physical 29 plus
29 plus 32 and
29 plus 35 group
30 cognitive 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 control
32 and 35 group
33 waiting 34 control

the trial assessed information processing speed , short - term memory , spatial relations , concentration , reasoning , and cognitive speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 4 information
2 trial 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 information
4 information 5 processing
4 information 20 and
5 processing 6 speed
5 processing 18 reasoning
6 speed 14 relations
6 speed 16 concentration
7 , 14 relations
8 short 11 memory
8 short 12 ,
8 short 14 relations
9 - 11 memory
10 term 11 memory
11 memory 12 ,
13 spatial 14 relations
14 relations 15 ,
15 , 16 concentration
16 concentration 17 ,
17 , 18 reasoning
18 reasoning 19 ,
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 speed
21 cognitive 22 speed

results : in contrast to the control group , the physical , cognitive , and combined training groups enhanced their concentration immediately after intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 5 to
2 : 23 after
3 in 4 contrast
5 to 15 and
6 the 8 group
7 control 8 group
8 group 9 ,
9 , 11 physical
9 , 12 ,
10 the 11 physical
12 , 13 cognitive
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 training
15 and 18 groups
15 and 19 enhanced
16 combined 17 training
18 groups 19 enhanced
19 enhanced 21 concentration
20 their 21 concentration
22 immediately 23 after
23 after 24 intervention

only the physical training group showed improved concentration 3 months later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 only 5 group
2 the 5 group
3 physical 4 training
4 training 5 group
5 group 6 showed
6 showed 8 concentration
7 improved 8 concentration
8 concentration 11 later
9 3 10 months
10 months 11 later

the combined training group displayed improved cognitive speed both immediately [and] three months after intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 group
2 combined 3 training
3 training 4 group
4 group 5 displayed
4 group 6 improved
4 group 8 speed
6 improved 7 cognitive
8 speed 9 both
8 speed 10 immediately
8 speed 14 after
12 three 13 months
13 months 14 after
14 after 15 intervention

the cognitive training group displayed improved cognitive speed 3 months after intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 4 group
2 cognitive 3 training
3 training 4 group
4 group 5 displayed
4 group 6 improved
6 improved 8 speed
6 improved 11 after
7 cognitive 8 speed
9 3 10 months
10 months 11 after
11 after 12 intervention

conclusions : physical , cognitive , and combined physical plus cognitive activity can be seen as cognition - enrichment behaviors in healthy older adults that show different rather than equal intervention effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 7 and
2 : 15 seen
2 : 18 -
3 physical 4 ,
4 , 5 cognitive
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 12 activity
7 and 13 can
8 combined 12 activity
9 physical 12 activity
10 plus 12 activity
11 cognitive 12 activity
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 seen
15 seen 16 as
16 as 17 cognition
18 - 20 behaviors
19 enrichment 20 behaviors
20 behaviors 21 in
21 in 24 adults
22 healthy 24 adults
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 26 show
24 adults 32 effects
25 that 26 show
26 show 27 different
26 show 32 effects
27 different 29 than
28 rather 29 than
29 than 30 equal
30 equal 31 intervention

this study examined transfer effects of fall training on fear of falling ( [falls] efficacy scale - international [ fes - i ] ) , balance performance , and spatiotemporal gait characteristics in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 effects
4 transfer 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 11 of
5 effects 16 scale
5 effects 18 international
6 of 8 training
7 fall 8 training
8 training 9 on
9 on 10 fear
11 of 12 falling
13 ( 16 scale
15 efficacy 16 scale
16 scale 17 -
17 - 18 international
18 international 21 -
18 international 24 )
19 [ 21 -
20 fes 21 -
21 - 22 i
21 - 23 ]
25 , 26 balance
26 balance 29 and
26 balance 33 in
27 performance 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 characteristics
30 spatiotemporal 31 gait
31 gait 32 characteristics
33 in 35 adults
34 older 35 adults

eighteen community - dwelling older adults ( ages 65 - 85 ) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 eighteen 2 community
3 - 6 adults
3 - 13 were
3 - 22 .
4 dwelling 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 8 ages
6 adults 13 were
7 ( 8 ages
8 ages 10 -
8 ages 12 )
9 65 10 -
10 - 11 85
13 were 14 randomly
13 were 15 assigned
15 assigned 16 to
16 to 19 or
17 an 18 intervention
18 intervention 19 or
19 or 21 group
20 control 21 group

the intervention group completed 12 training sessions ( 60 min , 6 weeks ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 group
2 intervention 3 group
3 group 4 completed
4 completed 7 sessions
5 12 7 sessions
6 training 7 sessions
7 sessions 10 min
7 sessions 13 weeks
8 ( 10 min
9 60 10 min
10 min 11 ,
11 , 13 weeks
12 6 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 )

during pre - and posttesting , we measured fes - i , balance performance ( double limb , closed eyes ; single limb , open eyes ; double limb , open eyes with motor - [interfered] task ) , and gait parameters [(] e.g [.] , velocity ; cadence ; stride time , stride width , and stride length ; variability of stride time and stride length ) under single - and motor - [interfered] tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 during 4 and
1 during 6 ,
1 during 7 we
2 pre 4 and
3 - 4 and
4 and 5 posttesting
7 we 8 measured
8 measured 9 fes
10 - 11 i
10 - 21 ;
11 i 14 performance
11 i 19 closed
12 , 14 performance
13 balance 14 performance
14 performance 17 limb
14 performance 18 ,
15 ( 17 limb
16 double 17 limb
17 limb 18 ,
19 closed 20 eyes
21 ; 23 limb
21 ; 24 ,
22 single 23 limb
24 , 26 eyes
24 , 27 ;
25 open 26 eyes
27 ; 28 double
27 ; 39 ,
28 double 29 limb
29 limb 32 eyes
30 , 32 eyes
31 open 32 eyes
32 eyes 33 with
32 eyes 39 ,
33 with 34 motor
34 motor 37 task
35 - 37 task
37 task 38 )
39 , 40 and
39 , 44 e.g
39 , 46 ,
40 and 42 parameters
41 gait 42 parameters
42 parameters 44 e.g
46 , 47 velocity
46 , 48 ;
48 ; 49 cadence
48 ; 50 ;
50 ; 51 stride
50 ; 60 ;
51 stride 59 length
52 time 53 ,
53 , 55 width
53 , 57 and
54 stride 55 width
56 , 57 and
57 and 58 stride
57 and 59 length
60 ; 65 and
61 variability 62 of
61 variability 65 and
62 of 64 time
63 stride 64 time
65 and 67 length
65 and 68 )
65 and 69 under
65 and 76 tasks
66 stride 67 length
69 under 72 and
70 single 72 and
71 - 72 and
72 and 73 motor
74 - 76 tasks
76 tasks 77 .

dual tasks were applied to appraise improvements of cognitive processing during balance and gait . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 dual 2 tasks
2 tasks 3 were
3 were 4 applied
4 applied 5 to
5 to 6 appraise
6 appraise 7 improvements
6 appraise 11 during
7 improvements 8 of
8 of 10 processing
9 cognitive 10 processing
11 during 13 and
12 balance 13 and
13 and 14 gait

fes [-] i ( p = [.] 33 ) and postural sway did not significantly change ( 0.36 < p < [.] 79 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 fes 6 =
1 fes 10 and
3 i 6 =
4 ( 6 =
5 p 6 =
6 = 8 33
6 = 9 )
10 and 12 sway
10 and 13 did
11 postural 12 sway
13 did 14 not
13 did 16 change
15 significantly 16 change
16 change 19 <
16 change 21 <
17 ( 19 <
18 0.36 19 <
19 < 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 23 79
21 < 24 )

trends toward significant interaction effects were found for step width during normal walking and stride length variability during the motor dual task ( p = [.] 05 , ηp 2 = [.] 22 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ηp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 trends 2 toward
1 trends 6 were
2 toward 5 effects
3 significant 5 effects
4 interaction 5 effects
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 for
7 found 11 during
7 found 18 during
8 for 10 width
9 step 10 width
11 during 14 and
12 normal 13 walking
12 normal 14 and
14 and 17 variability
15 stride 16 length
16 length 17 variability
18 during 22 task
19 the 22 task
20 motor 22 task
21 dual 22 task
22 task 25 =
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 27 05
28 , 29 ηp
29 ηp 31 =
30 2 31 =
31 = 33 22
31 = 34 )

fall training did not sufficiently improve fear of falling , balance , or gait performance under single - or dual - task conditions in healthy older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 fall 2 training
2 training 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 6 improve
5 sufficiently 6 improve
6 improve 13 or
7 fear 8 of
7 fear 10 ,
8 of 9 falling
10 , 11 balance
10 , 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 14 gait
13 or 15 performance
13 or 23 conditions
15 performance 16 under
15 performance 23 conditions
16 under 19 or
17 single 19 or
18 - 19 or
19 or 22 task
20 dual 21 -
20 dual 22 task
23 conditions 24 in
24 in 27 adults
25 healthy 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

in both sexes , there are anatomical and behavioral differences in dealing with bladder control , as well as voiding and incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
1 in 3 sexes
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 there
2 both 3 sexes
5 there 6 are
6 are 10 differences
7 anatomical 8 and
8 and 9 behavioral
8 and 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
11 in 12 dealing
12 dealing 13 with
12 dealing 19 as
13 with 15 control
14 bladder 15 control
16 , 19 as
17 as 18 well
18 well 19 as
19 as 21 and
19 as 23 .
20 voiding 21 and
21 and 22 incontinence

despite intensive research within the last decades , the differences in physiology and pathophysiology as well as gender differences of bladder control and continence are still poorly understood and further research is highly needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 despite 3 research
1 despite 8 ,
1 despite 10 differences
2 intensive 3 research
3 research 4 within
4 within 7 decades
5 the 6 last
5 the 7 decades
9 the 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 17 as
10 differences 25 are
11 in 13 and
12 physiology 13 and
13 and 14 pathophysiology
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 23 and
18 gender 19 differences
19 differences 20 of
19 differences 23 and
20 of 22 control
21 bladder 22 control
23 and 24 continence
25 are 26 still
25 are 27 poorly
25 are 28 understood
29 and 31 research
29 and 34 needed
30 further 31 research
31 research 32 is
32 is 34 needed
33 highly 34 needed

in babies , gender [difference] seems to be most likely caused by a difference in maturity [rate] of the bladder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 gender
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 babies
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 gender
4 gender 6 seems
6 seems 7 to
6 seems 11 caused
7 to 8 be
8 be 11 caused
9 most 10 likely
10 likely 11 caused
11 caused 12 by
11 caused 15 in
12 by 14 difference
13 a 14 difference
15 in 16 maturity
16 maturity 18 of
18 of 20 bladder
19 the 20 bladder

after gaining bladder control , behavior starts to be influenced by socialization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 behavior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 starts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 after 2 gaining
1 after 5 ,
1 after 6 behavior
2 gaining 4 control
3 bladder 4 control
6 behavior 7 starts
7 starts 8 to
7 starts 10 influenced
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 influenced
10 influenced 11 by
11 by 12 socialization

during preschool and school , children experience a negative perception of school toilets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 during 3 and
1 during 5 ,
1 during 6 children
2 preschool 3 and
3 and 4 school
6 children 7 experience
7 experience 10 perception
8 a 9 negative
8 a 10 perception
9 negative 10 perception
10 perception 11 of
11 of 13 toilets
12 school 13 toilets

especially girls crouch over the toilet seat and train to empty the bladder without relaxation of the pelvic floor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 girls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 crouch
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 especially 2 girls
2 girls 3 crouch
3 crouch 4 over
3 crouch 10 to
4 over 8 and
5 the 7 seat
6 toilet 7 seat
7 seat 8 and
8 and 9 train
10 to 11 empty
11 empty 13 bladder
11 empty 14 without
12 the 13 bladder
14 without 15 relaxation
15 relaxation 16 of
16 of 19 floor
17 the 19 floor
18 pelvic 19 floor

this posture may lead to bladder dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 posture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 this 2 posture
2 posture 3 may
3 may 4 lead
4 lead 5 to
5 to 7 dysfunction
6 bladder 7 dysfunction

often adult women continue this bad habit and bladder dysfunction may consolidate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 often 3 women
2 adult 3 women
3 women 8 and
4 continue 7 habit
4 continue 8 and
5 this 6 bad
6 bad 7 habit
8 and 12 consolidate
9 bladder 10 dysfunction
10 dysfunction 11 may
11 may 12 consolidate

from the fourth decade in both sexes lower urinary tract symptoms start to develop . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 start
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 from 4 decade
1 from 11 symptoms
2 the 3 fourth
2 the 4 decade
4 decade 5 in
5 in 7 sexes
6 both 7 sexes
8 lower 10 tract
9 urinary 10 tract
10 tract 11 symptoms
11 symptoms 12 start
12 start 13 to
12 start 14 develop
13 to 14 develop

however , men and women handle the problem variedly showing gender differences in coping strategies with better coping mechanisms in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 handle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 and
3 men 4 and
4 and 5 women
4 and 6 handle
6 handle 8 problem
6 handle 13 in
6 handle 16 with
6 handle 20 in
7 the 8 problem
8 problem 10 showing
9 variedly 10 showing
10 showing 11 gender
10 showing 12 differences
13 in 15 strategies
14 coping 15 strategies
16 with 19 mechanisms
17 better 18 coping
18 coping 19 mechanisms
20 in 21 women

in general , gender [difference] in help seeking and receiving treatment increases with younger age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 gender
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 4 gender
4 gender 6 in
4 gender 12 increases
6 in 9 and
7 help 8 seeking
8 seeking 9 and
9 and 11 treatment
10 receiving 11 treatment
12 increases 13 with
13 with 15 age
14 younger 15 age

in elderly , urinary incontinence is only associated with a higher mortality in men , and elderly men seek more often professional help . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 incontinence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 5 incontinence
2 elderly 3 ,
2 elderly 5 incontinence
4 urinary 5 incontinence
5 incontinence 6 is
6 is 7 only
6 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 13 in
9 with 12 mortality
10 a 12 mortality
11 higher 12 mortality
13 in 14 men
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 men
16 and 19 seek
17 elderly 18 men
18 men 19 seek
19 seek 23 help
20 more 21 often
21 often 22 professional
22 professional 23 help

aim of the review is to provide an insight into gender differences of bladder control and bladder dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 aim 2 of
1 aim 5 is
2 of 4 review
3 the 4 review
5 is 6 to
5 is 7 provide
6 to 7 provide
7 provide 9 insight
7 provide 10 into
8 an 9 insight
10 into 12 differences
11 gender 12 differences
12 differences 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 bladder 15 control
15 control 16 and
16 and 18 dysfunction
17 bladder 18 dysfunction

this systematic review examines the relationship between late - life spousal bereavement and changes in routine health behaviors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 3 review
2 systematic 3 review
3 review 4 examines
4 examines 6 relationship
4 examines 7 between
4 examines 15 in
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 13 and
8 late 9 -
8 late 10 life
10 life 12 bereavement
11 spousal 12 bereavement
12 bereavement 13 and
13 and 14 changes
15 in 18 behaviors
16 routine 17 health
17 health 18 behaviors

we review six behavioral domains/modifiable risk factors that are important for maintaining health among elderly populations : physical activity , nutrition , sleep quality , alcohol consumption , tobacco use , and body weight status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
1 we 2 review
2 review 7 factors
3 six 7 factors
4 behavioral 7 factors
5 domains/modifiable 7 factors
6 risk 7 factors
7 factors 8 that
7 factors 9 are
8 that 9 are
9 are 10 important
10 important 11 for
11 for 12 maintaining
12 maintaining 13 health
12 maintaining 14 among
14 among 16 populations
15 elderly 16 populations
17 : 32 and
17 : 34 weight
17 : 36 .
18 physical 19 activity
19 activity 20 ,
20 , 21 nutrition
20 , 22 ,
22 , 24 quality
22 , 25 ,
23 sleep 24 quality
25 , 27 consumption
25 , 28 ,
26 alcohol 27 consumption
28 , 30 use
28 , 32 and
29 tobacco 30 use
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 body
32 and 34 weight
34 weight 35 status

thirty - four articles were identified , derived from 32 studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 four
2 - 4 articles
4 articles 7 ,
5 were 6 identified
5 were 7 ,
7 , 8 derived
7 , 9 from
9 from 11 studies
10 32 11 studies

we found strong evidence for a relationship between bereavement and nutritional risk and involuntary weight loss , and moderate evidence for impaired sleep quality and increased alcohol consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 13 and
2 found 16 loss
2 found 18 and
3 strong 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 for
4 evidence 10 and
5 for 7 relationship
6 a 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
8 between 9 bereavement
10 and 12 risk
10 and 13 and
11 nutritional 12 risk
13 and 15 weight
14 involuntary 15 weight
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 evidence
18 and 28 consumption
19 moderate 20 evidence
20 evidence 21 for
21 for 25 and
22 impaired 24 quality
22 impaired 25 and
23 sleep 24 quality
25 and 26 increased
27 alcohol 28 consumption

there was mixed evidence for a relationship between bereavement and physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 evidence
2 was 8 between
3 mixed 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 for
5 for 7 relationship
6 a 7 relationship
8 between 10 and
9 bereavement 10 and
10 and 12 activity
11 physical 12 activity

we identify several methodological shortcomings , and describe the clinical implications of this review for the development of preventive intervention strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 7 and
2 identify 5 shortcomings
2 identify 7 and
3 several 5 shortcomings
4 methodological 5 shortcomings
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 describe
7 and 21 strategies
8 describe 11 implications
9 the 11 implications
10 clinical 11 implications
11 implications 12 of
12 of 14 review
13 this 14 review
14 review 15 for
15 for 17 development
16 the 17 development
17 development 18 of
18 of 20 intervention
19 preventive 20 intervention

the activity of the thyroid gland diminishes during ageing , but a certain tissue reserve of t3 and its metabolites is maintained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 diminishes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 activity
2 activity 3 of
2 activity 7 diminishes
3 of 6 gland
4 the 6 gland
5 thyroid 6 gland
7 diminishes 8 during
8 during 9 ageing
10 , 11 but
11 but 15 reserve
11 but 22 maintained
12 a 13 certain
12 a 15 reserve
13 certain 14 tissue
14 tissue 15 reserve
15 reserve 16 of
15 reserve 21 is
16 of 18 and
17 t3 18 and
18 and 20 metabolites
19 its 20 metabolites
21 is 22 maintained

this reserve is thought to play a regulatory role in energy homeostasis during ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 reserve
2 reserve 3 is
3 is 4 thought
4 thought 5 to
5 to 6 play
6 play 9 role
6 play 10 in
6 play 13 during
7 a 8 regulatory
7 a 9 role
8 regulatory 9 role
10 in 12 homeostasis
11 energy 12 homeostasis
13 during 14 ageing

this review critically assesses this notion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assesses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 4 assesses
3 critically 4 assesses
4 assesses 6 notion
5 this 6 notion

t3 was thought to act predominantly through pathways that require transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptors ( trs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 t3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 t3 2 was
2 was 3 thought
3 thought 4 to
4 to 8 pathways
5 act 8 pathways
6 predominantly 7 through
7 through 8 pathways
8 pathways 9 that
8 pathways 10 require
9 that 10 require
10 require 12 regulation
10 require 13 by
11 transcriptional 12 regulation
13 by 16 receptors
14 thyroid 16 receptors
15 hormone 16 receptors
16 receptors 18 trs
17 ( 18 trs
18 trs 19 )

however , in recent years , it has emerged that t3 and its metabolites can also act through [non] - genomic mechanisms , including cytosolic signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 act
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 however 7 it
1 however 9 emerged
1 however 12 and
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 years
3 in 6 ,
3 in 7 it
4 recent 5 years
7 it 8 has
8 has 9 emerged
10 that 11 t3
11 t3 12 and
12 and 14 metabolites
12 and 15 can
13 its 14 metabolites
15 can 17 act
16 also 17 act
17 act 18 through
20 - 22 mechanisms
21 genomic 22 mechanisms
22 mechanisms 24 including
23 , 24 including
24 including 26 signaling
24 including 27 .
25 cytosolic 26 signaling

interestingly , differences may exist in the [non] [-] genomic pathways utilized by thyroid hormone metabolites and t3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 differences
3 differences 4 may
4 may 5 exist
5 exist 6 in
6 in 11 pathways
7 the 11 pathways
10 genomic 11 pathways
11 pathways 12 utilized
12 utilized 13 by
13 by 17 and
14 thyroid 16 metabolites
15 hormone 16 metabolites
16 metabolites 17 and
17 and 18 t3

for instance , one particular thyroid hormone metabolite , namely 3,5 - diiodo - l - thyronine ( t2 ) , increases the activity of the redox - sensitive protein deacetylase sirt1 , which has been associated with improvements in healthy ageing , whereas evidence exists that t3 may have the opposite effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 metabolite
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 for 2 instance
2 instance 3 ,
2 instance 8 metabolite
4 one 8 metabolite
5 particular 7 hormone
6 thyroid 7 hormone
7 hormone 8 metabolite
8 metabolite 10 namely
8 metabolite 22 increases
9 , 10 namely
10 namely 11 3,5
10 namely 21 ,
11 3,5 17 thyronine
12 - 17 thyronine
13 diiodo 15 l
13 diiodo 16 -
13 diiodo 17 thyronine
14 - 15 l
15 l 16 -
17 thyronine 19 t2
17 thyronine 20 )
18 ( 19 t2
19 t2 20 )
22 increases 24 activity
23 the 24 activity
24 activity 25 of
25 of 27 redox
26 the 27 redox
27 redox 32 sirt1
28 - 32 sirt1
29 sensitive 31 deacetylase
30 protein 31 deacetylase
31 deacetylase 32 sirt1
32 sirt1 33 ,
33 , 34 which
33 , 37 associated
33 , 43 ,
34 which 35 has
35 has 36 been
36 been 37 associated
37 associated 38 with
37 associated 40 in
38 with 39 improvements
40 in 42 ageing
41 healthy 42 ageing
43 , 48 t3
43 , 50 have
44 whereas 45 evidence
44 whereas 46 exists
44 whereas 48 t3
45 evidence 46 exists
47 that 48 t3
48 t3 49 may
49 may 50 have
50 have 53 effect
51 the 53 effect
52 opposite 53 effect

findings suggesting that t3 , t2 , and their signaling pathways , such as those involving sirt1 and amp - activated protein [kinase] ( ampk ) , are associated with improvements in diet - induced obesity and insulin resistance emphasize the potential importance of the thyroid during ageing and in ageing - associated metabolic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 diet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 findings 2 suggesting
1 findings 33 diet
2 suggesting 16 involving
3 that 16 involving
4 t3 5 ,
5 , 6 t2
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 11 pathways
8 and 12 ,
8 and 14 as
8 and 16 involving
9 their 11 pathways
10 signaling 11 pathways
13 such 14 as
14 as 15 those
16 involving 18 and
16 involving 32 in
17 sirt1 18 and
18 and 19 amp
18 and 22 protein
18 and 28 are
20 - 22 protein
21 activated 22 protein
22 protein 25 ampk
22 protein 27 ,
24 ( 25 ampk
25 ampk 26 )
28 are 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
29 associated 32 in
30 with 31 improvements
34 - 37 and
34 - 40 emphasize
34 - 52 -
35 induced 36 obesity
36 obesity 37 and
37 and 39 resistance
37 and 40 emphasize
38 insulin 39 resistance
40 emphasize 43 importance
41 the 43 importance
42 potential 43 importance
43 importance 44 of
44 of 46 thyroid
45 the 46 thyroid
46 thyroid 49 and
47 during 48 ageing
47 during 49 and
49 and 50 in
50 in 51 ageing
52 - 55 diseases
53 associated 55 diseases
54 metabolic 55 diseases

loss of vision in severe retinal degenerations often is a result of photoreceptor cell [or] retinal pigment epithelial cell death or dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 loss 2 of
1 loss 9 is
2 of 3 vision
3 vision 4 in
4 in 7 degenerations
5 severe 7 degenerations
6 retinal 7 degenerations
8 often 9 is
9 is 11 result
10 a 11 result
11 result 12 of
12 of 21 or
13 photoreceptor 14 cell
14 cell 20 death
16 retinal 17 pigment
17 pigment 20 death
18 epithelial 19 cell
19 cell 20 death
20 death 21 or
21 or 22 dysfunction

cell replacement therapy has the potential to restore useful vision for these individuals especially after they have lost most or all of their light - sensing cells in the eye . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
1 cell 2 replacement
2 replacement 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 has
4 has 6 potential
4 has 7 to
4 has 26 sensing
5 the 6 potential
7 to 8 restore
8 restore 10 vision
8 restore 14 especially
9 useful 10 vision
10 vision 11 for
11 for 13 individuals
12 these 13 individuals
14 especially 15 after
15 after 16 they
15 after 18 lost
16 they 17 have
17 have 18 lost
18 lost 20 or
19 most 20 or
20 or 21 all
20 or 22 of
22 of 24 light
23 their 24 light
25 - 26 sensing
26 sensing 27 cells
26 sensing 28 in
26 sensing 31 .
28 in 30 eye
29 the 30 eye

a reliable , well - characterized source of retinal cells will be needed for replacement purposes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 source
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 reliable
1 a 7 source
2 reliable 4 well
2 reliable 7 source
3 , 4 well
4 well 5 -
6 characterized 7 source
7 source 8 of
7 source 11 will
8 of 10 cells
9 retinal 10 cells
11 will 12 be
12 be 13 needed
13 needed 14 for
14 for 16 purposes
15 replacement 16 purposes

human embryonic stem cells ( es cells ) can provide an unlimited source of replacement retinal cells to take over the function of lost cells in the eye . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 human 4 cells
2 embryonic 3 stem
3 stem 4 cells
4 cells 7 cells
4 cells 9 can
5 ( 7 cells
6 es 7 cells
7 cells 8 )
9 can 10 provide
10 provide 13 source
10 provide 18 to
11 an 12 unlimited
11 an 13 source
12 unlimited 13 source
13 source 14 of
14 of 17 cells
15 replacement 17 cells
16 retinal 17 cells
18 to 19 take
19 take 20 over
19 take 26 in
20 over 22 function
21 the 22 function
22 function 23 of
23 of 25 cells
24 lost 25 cells
26 in 28 eye
27 the 28 eye

the author 's intent for this review is to provide an historical overview of the field of embryonic stem cells with relation to the retina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 intent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 author
2 author 3 's
3 's 4 intent
4 intent 5 for
4 intent 8 is
5 for 7 review
6 this 7 review
8 is 9 to
8 is 10 provide
9 to 10 provide
10 provide 13 overview
10 provide 21 with
10 provide 23 to
11 an 13 overview
12 historical 13 overview
13 overview 14 of
14 of 16 field
15 the 16 field
16 field 17 of
17 of 20 cells
18 embryonic 19 stem
19 stem 20 cells
21 with 22 relation
23 to 25 retina
24 the 25 retina

the objective of this article is to understand coordination as it unfolds in case management practices in the context of integrated care networks devoted to frail elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 devoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 understand
7 to 8 understand
8 understand 9 coordination
8 understand 10 as
10 as 11 it
10 as 12 unfolds
11 it 12 unfolds
12 unfolds 13 in
12 unfolds 16 practices
13 in 15 management
14 case 15 management
16 practices 17 in
16 practices 20 of
16 practices 23 networks
16 practices 24 devoted
17 in 19 context
18 the 19 context
20 of 22 care
21 integrated 22 care
23 networks 24 devoted
24 devoted 25 to
25 to 28 individuals
26 frail 28 individuals
27 elderly 28 individuals

more specifically , we describe practical coordination processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 more 2 specifically
2 specifically 3 ,
2 specifically 4 we
4 we 5 describe
5 describe 8 processes
6 practical 7 coordination
7 coordination 8 processes

we conducted a qualitative exploratory study using an embedded case study design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 6 study
3 a 4 qualitative
3 a 6 study
4 qualitative 6 study
5 exploratory 6 study
6 study 7 using
7 using 12 design
8 an 12 design
9 embedded 10 case
10 case 12 design
11 study 12 design

our study covers three health and social service centers in québec . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 covers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 covers
3 covers 6 and
3 covers 10 in
4 three 6 and
5 health 6 and
6 and 9 centers
7 social 9 centers
8 service 9 centers
10 in 11 québec

we noted that coordination produces convention [in] case management practices through a process of bringing together different types of compromise in home care situations where multidimensionality appears to be more or less important . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 noted
2 noted 3 that
3 that 4 coordination
3 that 5 produces
4 coordination 5 produces
5 produces 10 practices
5 produces 11 through
5 produces 21 in
5 produces 28 to
6 convention 8 case
8 case 10 practices
9 management 10 practices
11 through 13 process
12 a 13 process
13 process 14 of
14 of 15 bringing
15 bringing 16 together
15 bringing 20 compromise
17 different 18 types
18 types 19 of
18 types 20 compromise
19 of 20 compromise
21 in 24 situations
22 home 24 situations
23 care 24 situations
24 situations 25 where
25 where 26 multidimensionality
25 where 27 appears
26 multidimensionality 27 appears
28 to 29 be
29 be 31 or
29 be 33 important
30 more 31 or
31 or 32 less

we constructed four different types of compromise - producing convention [with] regard to coordination in case management practices : compromise at the interface , scheduling compromise , compromise of opportunity , and compromising change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
1 we 2 constructed
2 constructed 5 types
3 four 5 types
4 different 5 types
5 types 6 of
5 types 9 producing
6 of 7 compromise
8 - 9 producing
9 producing 12 regard
9 producing 13 to
9 producing 15 in
9 producing 19 :
10 convention 12 regard
13 to 14 coordination
15 in 18 practices
16 case 17 management
17 management 18 practices
19 : 32 and
19 : 35 .
20 compromise 21 at
20 compromise 32 and
21 at 23 interface
22 the 23 interface
23 interface 25 scheduling
23 interface 28 compromise
24 , 25 scheduling
25 scheduling 26 compromise
25 scheduling 27 ,
27 , 28 compromise
28 compromise 29 of
28 compromise 31 ,
29 of 30 opportunity
32 and 34 change
33 compromising 34 change

we studied the developmental trends of temperament and character in a longitudinal population - based sample of finnish men and women aged 20 - 45 years using the temperament and character inventory model of personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studied
1 we 2 studied
2 studied 16 sample
3 the 16 sample
4 developmental 5 trends
5 trends 6 of
5 trends 8 and
6 of 7 temperament
8 and 9 character
8 and 14 -
8 and 15 based
8 and 16 sample
9 character 10 in
10 in 13 population
11 a 13 population
12 longitudinal 13 population
16 sample 17 of
17 of 20 and
18 finnish 19 men
19 men 20 and
20 and 21 women
20 and 22 aged
20 and 30 and
22 aged 23 20
24 - 30 and
25 45 26 years
26 years 27 using
26 years 30 and
27 using 29 temperament
28 the 29 temperament
30 and 33 model
30 and 34 of
30 and 36 .
31 character 32 inventory
32 inventory 33 model
34 of 35 personality

personality was assessed in 1997 , 2001 , [and] 2007 ( n = 2,104 , 2,095 [,] and 2,056 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 personality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 personality 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 in
3 assessed 21 respectively
4 in 5 1997
5 1997 7 2001
5 1997 13 =
5 1997 18 and
6 , 7 2001
7 2001 8 ,
10 2007 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 2,104
13 = 15 ,
15 , 18 and
16 2,095 18 and
18 and 19 2,056
18 and 20 ,
20 , 21 respectively
21 respectively 22 )

mean - level changes demonstrated qualitatively distinct developmental patterns for character ( self [-] directedness , cooperativeness , and self - transcendence ) and temperament ( novelty seeking , harm avoidance , reward dependence , and persistence ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 mean 2 -
1 mean 3 level
3 level 4 changes
4 changes 9 patterns
5 demonstrated 9 patterns
6 qualitatively 7 distinct
7 distinct 9 patterns
8 developmental 9 patterns
9 patterns 10 for
10 for 11 character
11 character 15 directedness
11 character 24 and
12 ( 15 directedness
13 self 15 directedness
15 directedness 16 ,
16 , 24 and
17 cooperativeness 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 self
19 and 22 transcendence
19 and 24 and
21 - 22 transcendence
22 transcendence 23 )
24 and 25 temperament
24 and 36 and
24 and 38 )
26 ( 36 and
27 novelty 28 seeking
28 seeking 29 ,
29 , 31 avoidance
29 , 32 ,
30 harm 31 avoidance
32 , 34 dependence
32 , 36 and
33 reward 34 dependence
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 persistence
36 and 38 )

character developed toward greater maturity , although [self] - transcendence decreased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 character
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 character 2 developed
2 developed 3 toward
2 developed 7 although
3 toward 5 maturity
4 greater 5 maturity
6 , 7 although
7 although 9 -
9 - 10 transcendence
10 transcendence 11 decreased
11 decreased 12 with
12 with 13 age

however , self [-] transcendence was the strongest predictor of overall personality change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 transcendence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 transcendence
3 self 5 transcendence
5 transcendence 6 was
6 was 9 predictor
7 the 8 strongest
7 the 9 predictor
9 predictor 10 of
10 of 13 change
11 overall 12 personality
12 personality 13 change

cohort effects indicated lower level of self [-] transcendence and higher level of self [-] directedness and cooperativeness in younger birth cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cohort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 cohort 2 effects
2 effects 10 and
2 effects 12 level
2 effects 19 in
3 indicated 5 level
4 lower 5 level
5 level 6 of
5 level 10 and
6 of 9 transcendence
7 self 9 transcendence
10 and 11 higher
12 level 13 of
13 of 17 and
14 self 16 directedness
16 directedness 17 and
17 and 18 cooperativeness
19 in 22 cohorts
20 younger 21 birth
21 birth 22 cohorts

regarding temperament , novelty seeking decreased and persistence increased slightly with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 regarding 2 temperament
1 regarding 3 ,
1 regarding 7 and
4 novelty 5 seeking
5 seeking 6 decreased
5 seeking 7 and
7 and 8 persistence
7 and 9 increased
9 increased 10 slightly
9 increased 11 with
11 with 12 age

both high novelty seeking and high persistence predicted overall personality change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 both 5 and
2 high 3 novelty
3 novelty 4 seeking
4 seeking 5 and
5 and 7 persistence
5 and 8 predicted
6 high 7 persistence
8 predicted 11 change
9 overall 10 personality
10 personality 11 change

these findings suggest that temperament and character traits follow different kinds of developmental trajectories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 and
4 that 9 follow
5 temperament 6 and
6 and 8 traits
7 character 8 traits
9 follow 14 trajectories
10 different 11 kinds
11 kinds 12 of
11 kinds 14 trajectories
12 of 14 trajectories
13 developmental 14 trajectories

background & aims : although an inverse association of red blood cell cis - vaccenic acid and risk of myocardial infarction has been reported , it is unclear whether cis - vaccenic acid might lower the risk of heart failure ( hf ) with antecedent coronary heart disease ( chd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 &
2 & 3 aims
4 : 26 it
4 : 27 is
4 : 52 .
5 although 8 association
5 although 24 reported
5 although 25 ,
5 although 26 it
6 an 7 inverse
6 an 8 association
7 inverse 8 association
8 association 9 of
8 association 19 of
8 association 22 has
9 of 17 and
10 red 11 blood
11 blood 12 cell
12 cell 16 acid
13 cis 14 -
13 cis 16 acid
15 vaccenic 16 acid
16 acid 17 and
17 and 18 risk
19 of 21 infarction
20 myocardial 21 infarction
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 reported
26 it 27 is
27 is 28 unclear
28 unclear 29 whether
29 whether 33 acid
29 whether 35 lower
30 cis 31 -
30 cis 33 acid
32 vaccenic 33 acid
33 acid 34 might
34 might 35 lower
35 lower 37 risk
35 lower 44 with
36 the 37 risk
37 risk 38 of
38 of 40 failure
39 heart 40 failure
40 failure 42 hf
41 ( 42 hf
42 hf 43 )
44 with 48 disease
45 antecedent 47 heart
46 coronary 47 heart
47 heart 48 disease
48 disease 50 chd
49 ( 50 chd
50 chd 51 )

we sought to examine the relation of plasma cis - vaccenic acid with hf with antecedent chd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 relation
4 examine 13 with
4 examine 15 with
5 the 6 relation
6 relation 7 of
7 of 12 acid
8 plasma 12 acid
9 cis 10 -
9 cis 12 acid
11 vaccenic 12 acid
13 with 14 hf
15 with 17 chd
16 antecedent 17 chd

methods : this [nested] case - control study was based on 788 incident hf cases [(] of whom 258 cases had antecedent chd [ )(and 788 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 case
3 this 5 case
6 - 7 control
6 - 10 based
6 - 28 .
7 control 8 study
7 control 9 was
7 control 10 based
8 study 9 was
10 based 11 on
10 based 25 )(and
11 on 15 cases
12 788 15 cases
13 incident 15 cases
14 hf 15 cases
15 cases 17 of
17 of 18 whom
18 whom 20 cases
18 whom 21 had
19 258 20 cases
20 cases 21 had
22 antecedent 23 chd
23 chd 25 )(and
25 )(and 27 controls
26 788 27 controls

each control was selected using a risk set sampling technique at the time of the occurrence of the index case and matched on year [of] birth , age at blood [collection] , and race . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 each 2 control
2 control 3 was
3 was 4 selected
4 selected 5 using
5 using 7 risk
6 a 7 risk
7 risk 21 and
8 set 10 technique
8 set 11 at
8 set 21 and
9 sampling 10 technique
11 at 13 time
12 the 13 time
13 time 14 of
14 of 16 occurrence
15 the 16 occurrence
16 occurrence 17 of
17 of 20 case
18 the 20 case
19 index 20 case
21 and 22 matched
21 and 23 on
23 on 26 birth
24 year 26 birth
27 , 28 age
28 age 29 at
29 at 33 and
30 blood 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 race

fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography and incident hf [was] self - reported on annual questionnaires and validation in a subsample using medical records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 fatty 2 acids
2 acids 3 were
3 were 4 measured
4 measured 5 using
5 using 6 gas
7 chromatography 8 and
8 and 12 self
8 and 13 -
8 and 14 reported
9 incident 12 self
10 hf 12 self
14 reported 15 on
14 reported 20 in
15 on 18 and
16 annual 17 questionnaires
17 questionnaires 18 and
18 and 19 validation
20 in 22 subsample
21 a 22 subsample
22 subsample 23 using
23 using 25 records
24 medical 25 records

each standard deviation of cis - vaccenic acid was associated with a 41 % lower risk of hf with antecedent chd ( 95 % ci : 17 % - 59 % [ )(in a multivariable adjusted model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deviation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 :
1 each 3 deviation
2 standard 3 deviation
3 deviation 4 of
3 deviation 9 was
4 of 8 acid
5 cis 6 -
5 cis 8 acid
7 vaccenic 8 acid
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 19 with
11 with 16 risk
12 a 16 risk
13 41 14 %
14 % 16 risk
15 lower 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 18 hf
19 with 21 chd
20 antecedent 21 chd
21 chd 25 ci
22 ( 25 ci
23 95 25 ci
24 % 25 ci
25 ci 26 :
26 : 28 %
27 17 28 %
28 % 31 %
29 - 31 %
30 59 31 %
31 % 33 )(in
31 % 38 .
33 )(in 37 model
34 a 35 multivariable
34 a 37 model
35 multivariable 37 model
36 adjusted 37 model

conclusions : our data suggest that higher plasma levels of plasma cis - vaccenic acid may be associated with a lower risk of hf with antecedent chd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 13 -
2 : 17 be
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 levels
6 that 12 cis
7 higher 8 plasma
8 plasma 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
9 levels 12 cis
10 of 11 plasma
13 - 17 be
14 vaccenic 15 acid
15 acid 16 may
16 may 17 be
17 be 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 25 with
19 with 22 risk
20 a 22 risk
21 lower 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 24 hf
25 with 27 chd
26 antecedent 27 chd

confirmation of these results in the general population including women and other ethnic groups is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 confirmation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 confirmation 2 of
1 confirmation 15 is
2 of 11 and
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 in
4 results 11 and
5 in 8 population
6 the 8 population
7 general 8 population
8 population 9 including
9 including 10 women
11 and 14 groups
12 other 14 groups
13 ethnic 14 groups
15 is 16 warranted

the redox - sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor [erythroid] 2 - related factor 2 ( nrf2 ) serves as a " master regulator " of cell survival through the coordinated induction of phase ii and antioxidant defense enzymes to counteract oxidative stress and modulate redox signaling events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 redox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 serves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 redox
2 redox 8 factor
2 redox 18 serves
3 - 8 factor
4 sensitive 5 transcription
5 transcription 8 factor
6 factor 8 factor
7 nuclear 8 factor
8 factor 10 2
8 factor 11 -
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 factor
12 related 18 serves
13 factor 14 2
13 factor 16 nrf2
15 ( 16 nrf2
16 nrf2 17 )
18 serves 19 as
19 as 35 and
20 a 21 "
20 a 23 regulator
22 master 23 regulator
23 regulator 24 "
23 regulator 25 of
23 regulator 28 through
23 regulator 35 and
25 of 27 survival
26 cell 27 survival
28 through 31 induction
29 the 31 induction
30 coordinated 31 induction
31 induction 32 of
32 of 33 phase
33 phase 34 ii
35 and 38 enzymes
35 and 39 to
35 and 46 signaling
36 antioxidant 38 enzymes
37 defense 38 enzymes
39 to 43 and
40 counteract 42 stress
40 counteract 43 and
41 oxidative 42 stress
43 and 44 modulate
43 and 45 redox
45 redox 46 signaling
46 signaling 47 events

micrornas are able to " fine - tune " [the] regulation of processes including those directly interacting with the nrf2 pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 micrornas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 micrornas 2 are
2 are 3 able
3 able 4 to
3 able 18 with
4 to 5 "
4 to 11 regulation
6 fine 7 -
6 fine 8 tune
8 tune 9 "
8 tune 11 regulation
11 regulation 12 of
12 of 13 processes
13 processes 14 including
14 including 15 those
15 those 17 interacting
16 directly 17 interacting
18 with 22 and
19 the 21 pathway
20 nrf2 21 pathway
21 pathway 22 and
22 and 24 generation
22 and 25 of
23 the 24 generation
25 of 28 species
26 reactive 27 oxygen
27 oxygen 28 species
28 species 30 ros
29 ( 30 ros
30 ros 31 )

this review highlights that cellular redox homeostasis can be regulated by micrornas through their modulation of nrf2 - driven antioxidant gene expression as well as key enzymes that generate ros , which in turn can alter the biogenesis and processing of micrornas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlights
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 highlights
3 highlights 6 redox
3 highlights 11 by
3 highlights 13 through
4 that 5 cellular
5 cellular 6 redox
6 redox 7 homeostasis
6 redox 9 be
6 redox 10 regulated
7 homeostasis 8 can
8 can 9 be
11 by 12 micrornas
13 through 15 modulation
14 their 15 modulation
15 modulation 16 of
16 of 17 nrf2
17 nrf2 22 expression
18 - 22 expression
19 driven 22 expression
20 antioxidant 21 gene
21 gene 22 expression
22 expression 25 as
22 expression 43 .
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 27 enzymes
26 key 27 enzymes
27 enzymes 28 that
27 enzymes 29 generate
27 enzymes 32 which
28 that 29 generate
29 generate 30 ros
31 , 32 which
32 which 35 can
32 which 43 .
33 in 34 turn
34 turn 35 can
35 can 36 alter
36 alter 39 and
37 the 39 and
38 biogenesis 39 and
39 and 40 processing
40 processing 41 of
41 of 42 micrornas

therefore redox sensitive micrornas or " redoximirs " add an important regulatory mechanism for redox signaling beyond the well - characterized actions of nrf2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 5 or
2 redox 4 micrornas
3 sensitive 4 micrornas
4 micrornas 5 or
5 or 6 "
5 or 7 redoximirs
5 or 9 add
7 redoximirs 8 "
9 add 13 mechanism
10 an 11 important
10 an 13 mechanism
11 important 13 mechanism
12 regulatory 13 mechanism
13 mechanism 14 for
13 mechanism 16 signaling
14 for 15 redox
16 signaling 17 beyond
17 beyond 19 well
18 the 19 well
20 - 22 actions
21 characterized 22 actions
22 actions 23 of
23 of 24 nrf2

the potential exists for microrna - based therapies where diminished antioxidant defenses and dysregulated redox signaling can lead to cardiovascular diseases , cancers , neurodegeneration , and accelerated aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 2 potential
2 potential 3 exists
3 exists 4 for
4 for 5 microrna
6 - 27 and
6 - 30 .
7 based 8 therapies
7 based 9 where
7 based 19 to
7 based 27 and
9 where 13 and
9 where 18 lead
10 diminished 12 defenses
11 antioxidant 12 defenses
12 defenses 13 and
13 and 15 redox
13 and 16 signaling
13 and 17 can
14 dysregulated 15 redox
17 can 18 lead
19 to 21 diseases
20 cardiovascular 21 diseases
21 diseases 23 cancers
21 diseases 25 neurodegeneration
22 , 23 cancers
23 cancers 24 ,
24 , 25 neurodegeneration
25 neurodegeneration 26 ,
27 and 28 accelerated
28 accelerated 29 aging

objective : investigate the influence of apprehensive gait [on] activation and cocontraction of lower limb muscles of younger and older female adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 investigate
3 investigate 5 influence
4 the 5 influence
5 influence 6 of
6 of 11 and
7 apprehensive 8 gait
8 gait 10 activation
10 activation 11 and
11 and 12 cocontraction
11 and 13 of
11 and 17 of
13 of 16 muscles
14 lower 15 limb
15 limb 16 muscles
17 of 22 adults
18 younger 19 and
19 and 20 older
19 and 22 adults
21 female 22 adults

methods : data of 17 [younger] ( 21.47±2.06 [yr] ) and 18 older women ( 65.33±3.14 [yr] ) were considered for this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 data
3 data 4 of
4 of 5 17
5 17 8 21.47±2.06
7 ( 8 21.47±2.06
8 21.47±2.06 10 )
11 and 14 women
11 and 20 considered
12 18 14 women
13 older 14 women
14 women 16 65.33±3.14
14 women 19 were
15 ( 16 65.33±3.14
16 65.33±3.14 18 )
19 were 20 considered
20 considered 21 for
21 for 23 study
22 this 23 study

participants walked on the treadmill at two different conditions : normal [gait] and apprehensive gait . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 walked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 participants 2 walked
2 walked 3 on
2 walked 6 at
3 on 5 treadmill
4 the 5 treadmill
6 at 9 conditions
7 two 9 conditions
8 different 9 conditions
10 : 15 gait
10 : 16 .
11 normal 13 and
13 and 14 apprehensive
13 and 15 gait

the surface electromyographic signals ( emg ) were recorded during both conditions on : rectus femoris ( rf ) , vastus lateralis ( vl ) , vastus medialis ( vm ) , biceps femoris ( bf ) , tibialis anterior ( ta ) , gastrocnemius lateralis ( gl [ )(, and soleus ( so ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 surface
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 the 2 surface
2 surface 4 signals
2 surface 13 on
2 surface 14 :
3 electromyographic 4 signals
4 signals 6 emg
4 signals 8 were
5 ( 6 emg
6 emg 7 )
8 were 9 recorded
9 recorded 10 during
9 recorded 13 on
10 during 12 conditions
11 both 12 conditions
14 : 16 femoris
15 rectus 16 femoris
16 femoris 18 rf
16 femoris 22 lateralis
17 ( 18 rf
18 rf 19 )
20 , 22 lateralis
21 vastus 22 lateralis
22 lateralis 24 vl
22 lateralis 28 medialis
22 lateralis 34 femoris
22 lateralis 55 )
23 ( 24 vl
24 vl 25 )
26 , 28 medialis
27 vastus 28 medialis
28 medialis 30 vm
28 medialis 32 ,
29 ( 30 vm
30 vm 31 )
32 , 34 femoris
33 biceps 34 femoris
34 femoris 36 bf
34 femoris 46 lateralis
34 femoris 55 )
35 ( 36 bf
36 bf 37 )
38 , 46 lateralis
39 tibialis 46 lateralis
40 anterior 42 ta
40 anterior 44 ,
40 anterior 45 gastrocnemius
41 ( 42 ta
42 ta 43 )
45 gastrocnemius 46 lateralis
46 lateralis 51 and
46 lateralis 55 )
47 ( 51 and
48 gl 51 and
50 )(, 51 and
51 and 52 soleus
51 and 54 so
51 and 55 )
53 ( 54 so
54 so 55 )

results : apprehensive gait promoted greater activation of thigh muscles than normal gait [(] f=5.34 and p=0.007 , for significant main effect of condition ; rf , p=0.002 ; vm , p<0.001 ; vl , p=0.003 [;] and bf , p=0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 activation
2 : 11 than
2 : 19 for
3 apprehensive 7 activation
4 gait 5 promoted
5 promoted 7 activation
6 greater 7 activation
7 activation 8 of
8 of 10 muscles
9 thigh 10 muscles
11 than 16 and
12 normal 13 gait
13 gait 15 f=5.34
15 f=5.34 16 and
16 and 17 p=0.007
18 , 19 for
19 for 22 effect
19 for 25 ;
20 significant 21 main
21 main 22 effect
22 effect 23 of
23 of 24 condition
25 ; 28 p=0.002
25 ; 29 ;
26 rf 27 ,
26 rf 28 p=0.002
29 ; 32 p<0.001
29 ; 33 ;
30 vm 31 ,
30 vm 32 p<0.001
33 ; 34 vl
33 ; 35 ,
35 , 38 and
36 p=0.003 38 and
38 and 39 bf
38 and 43 .
39 bf 41 p=0.001
40 , 41 p=0.001
41 p=0.001 42 )

older adults had greater cocontraction of knee [and] ankle stabilizer muscles than younger women ( f=4.05 and p=0.019 , for significant main effect of groups ; vm/bf , p=0.010 ; ta/gl , p=0.007 [;] and ta/so , p=0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 had
3 had 5 cocontraction
3 had 12 than
4 greater 5 cocontraction
5 cocontraction 6 of
6 of 11 muscles
7 knee 9 ankle
9 ankle 11 muscles
10 stabilizer 11 muscles
12 than 14 women
12 than 20 for
13 younger 14 women
14 women 17 and
15 ( 17 and
16 f=4.05 17 and
17 and 18 p=0.019
17 and 19 ,
20 for 23 effect
21 significant 23 effect
22 main 23 effect
23 effect 24 of
24 of 25 groups
26 ; 29 p=0.010
26 ; 30 ;
27 vm/bf 28 ,
27 vm/bf 29 p=0.010
30 ; 35 and
31 ta/gl 32 ,
32 , 33 p=0.007
32 , 35 and
35 and 36 ta/so
36 ta/so 38 p=0.002
37 , 38 p=0.002
38 p=0.002 39 )

conclusion : apprehensive gait promoted greater activation of thigh muscles and older adults had greater cocontraction of knee [and] ankle stabilizer muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 7 activation
3 apprehensive 7 activation
4 gait 5 promoted
5 promoted 7 activation
6 greater 7 activation
7 activation 8 of
8 of 10 muscles
9 thigh 10 muscles
11 and 13 adults
11 and 14 had
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 had
14 had 16 cocontraction
15 greater 16 cocontraction
16 cocontraction 17 of
17 of 22 muscles
18 knee 22 muscles
20 ankle 22 muscles
21 stabilizer 22 muscles

thus , apprehensive gait [may] leads [to] increased percentage [of] neuromuscular capacity , which is associated with greater cocontraction and contribute to the onset of fatigue and increased risk of falling in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 6 leads
3 apprehensive 4 gait
4 gait 6 leads
6 leads 8 increased
8 increased 12 capacity
9 percentage 12 capacity
11 neuromuscular 12 capacity
13 , 14 which
13 , 27 and
14 which 27 and
15 is 20 and
15 is 27 and
16 associated 17 with
16 associated 20 and
17 with 19 cocontraction
18 greater 19 cocontraction
20 and 21 contribute
21 contribute 22 to
22 to 24 onset
23 the 24 onset
24 onset 25 of
25 of 26 fatigue
27 and 28 increased
27 and 32 in
28 increased 29 risk
29 risk 30 of
30 of 31 falling
32 in 34 people
33 older 34 people

background and objectives : short telomere length has been described to be associated with biological aging including atherosclerosis phenotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objectives
4 : 7 length
4 : 10 described
5 short 7 length
6 telomere 7 length
7 length 8 has
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 described
10 described 11 to
10 described 14 with
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 associated
14 with 16 aging
15 biological 16 aging
16 aging 17 including
16 aging 19 phenotypes
17 including 18 atherosclerosis
17 including 19 phenotypes

however , information in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) is sparse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 information
3 information 4 in
3 information 14 is
4 in 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
6 with 10 disease
7 symptomatic 10 disease
8 peripheral 10 disease
9 arterial 10 disease
10 disease 12 pad
11 ( 12 pad
12 pad 13 )
14 is 15 sparse

we therefore aimed to investigate [whether] [inter] - individual differences in relative telomere length ( rtl ) are associated with symptomatic pad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 we 3 aimed
2 therefore 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
8 - 10 differences
8 - 19 associated
8 - 23 .
9 individual 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 18 are
11 in 14 length
12 relative 14 length
13 telomere 14 length
14 length 16 rtl
15 ( 16 rtl
16 rtl 17 )
18 are 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 pad
21 symptomatic 22 pad

design : we measured rtl by a quantitative pcr method in the cavasic study , a cohort of 241 male caucasian patients diagnosed with intermittent claudication and 249 age - and diabetes - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 measured
3 we 4 measured
4 measured 5 rtl
4 measured 6 by
4 measured 11 in
6 by 10 method
7 a 10 method
8 quantitative 10 method
9 pcr 10 method
11 in 27 and
12 the 14 study
13 cavasic 14 study
14 study 15 ,
15 , 17 cohort
15 , 27 and
16 a 17 cohort
17 cohort 18 of
18 of 22 patients
19 241 22 patients
20 male 21 caucasian
21 caucasian 22 patients
22 patients 23 diagnosed
22 patients 24 with
24 with 26 claudication
25 intermittent 26 claudication
27 and 35 controls
28 249 35 controls
29 age 31 and
30 - 31 and
31 and 32 diabetes
31 and 33 -
31 and 34 matched
31 and 35 controls

results : we observed significantly shorter mean rtl in patients than in controls ( 1.24 ± 0.19 vs [.] 1.32 ± 0.23 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 observed
3 we 4 observed
4 observed 8 rtl
4 observed 9 in
4 observed 11 than
4 observed 25 <
5 significantly 6 shorter
6 shorter 7 mean
7 mean 8 rtl
9 in 10 patients
11 than 12 in
12 in 13 controls
13 controls 16 ±
14 ( 16 ±
15 1.24 16 ±
16 ± 17 0.19
16 ± 18 vs
16 ± 23 ,
18 vs 21 ±
20 1.32 21 ±
21 ± 22 0.23
23 , 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.001
25 < 27 )

each shortening of rtl by one standard deviation significantly increased the odds for pad by 44 % : age - adjusted or = 1.44 ( 95%ci 1.19 - 1.75 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 each
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
1 each 2 shortening
1 each 3 of
1 each 10 increased
3 of 4 rtl
4 rtl 5 by
5 by 8 deviation
6 one 8 deviation
7 standard 8 deviation
9 significantly 10 increased
10 increased 12 odds
11 the 12 odds
12 odds 13 for
13 for 14 pad
14 pad 15 by
15 by 17 %
16 44 17 %
18 : 19 age
18 : 20 -
20 - 22 or
20 - 23 =
20 - 35 .
21 adjusted 22 or
22 or 23 =
23 = 24 1.44
24 1.44 26 95%ci
24 1.44 32 <
25 ( 26 95%ci
26 95%ci 27 1.19
26 95%ci 28 -
29 1.75 32 <
30 , 32 <
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.001
32 < 34 )

this association remained significant after additional adjustment for log [-] c - reactive protein , glomerular filtration rate , hdl cholesterol , current smoking and log n - terminal pro - b - type natriuretic peptide [(] nt - probnp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 this 2 association
2 association 3 remained
3 remained 4 significant
4 significant 5 after
5 after 7 adjustment
6 additional 7 adjustment
7 adjustment 8 for
8 for 9 log
9 log 11 c
9 log 25 and
12 - 25 and
13 reactive 14 protein
14 protein 15 ,
15 , 18 rate
15 , 19 ,
16 glomerular 17 filtration
17 filtration 18 rate
19 , 21 cholesterol
19 , 22 ,
20 hdl 21 cholesterol
22 , 24 smoking
22 , 25 and
23 current 24 smoking
25 and 26 log
25 and 28 -
26 log 27 n
28 - 30 pro
28 - 31 -
29 terminal 30 pro
31 - 32 b
31 - 33 -
31 - 42 .
32 b 33 -
33 - 34 type
34 type 38 nt
35 natriuretic 36 peptide
36 peptide 38 nt
38 nt 40 probnp
39 - 40 probnp
40 probnp 41 )

excluding patients with prevalent cardiovascular disease revealed very similar results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 excluding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 excluding 2 patients
1 excluding 3 with
1 excluding 7 revealed
3 with 6 disease
4 prevalent 6 disease
5 cardiovascular 6 disease
7 revealed 10 results
8 very 9 similar
9 similar 10 results

when we compared the model fit of the various adjustment models including cardiac risk factors [and/or] nt - probnp the addition of rtl significantly improved discrimination between patients and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 fit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 when 2 we
1 when 3 compared
1 when 6 fit
2 we 3 compared
4 the 6 fit
5 model 6 fit
6 fit 7 of
6 fit 15 factors
7 of 11 models
8 the 11 models
9 various 10 adjustment
10 adjustment 11 models
11 models 12 including
12 including 14 risk
13 cardiac 14 risk
15 factors 17 nt
18 - 19 probnp
18 - 31 .
19 probnp 21 addition
20 the 21 addition
21 addition 22 of
22 of 23 rtl
23 rtl 29 and
24 significantly 25 improved
25 improved 26 discrimination
25 improved 29 and
26 discrimination 27 between
27 between 28 patients
29 and 30 controls

conclusion : this study in a male cohort of patients with intermittent claudication and age - and diabetes - matched controls indicates a significant association of shorter relative telomere length with pad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 22 indicates
2 : 33 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 in
4 study 9 of
4 study 11 with
4 study 22 indicates
5 in 8 cohort
6 a 7 male
6 a 8 cohort
7 male 8 cohort
9 of 10 patients
11 with 14 and
12 intermittent 13 claudication
13 claudication 14 and
14 and 21 controls
15 age 17 and
16 - 17 and
17 and 18 diabetes
17 and 19 -
17 and 20 matched
17 and 21 controls
22 indicates 25 association
23 a 24 significant
23 a 25 association
24 significant 25 association
25 association 26 of
26 of 30 length
27 shorter 30 length
28 relative 30 length
29 telomere 30 length
30 length 31 with
31 with 32 pad

our results reinforce rtl as a marker for pad that reflects the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reinforce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 reinforce
3 reinforce 4 rtl
3 reinforce 5 as
5 as 7 marker
6 a 7 marker
7 marker 8 for
7 marker 14 of
8 for 9 pad
9 pad 10 that
9 pad 11 reflects
10 that 11 reflects
11 reflects 13 influence
12 the 13 influence
14 of 19 factors
15 genetic 16 and
16 and 17 environmental
16 and 19 factors
18 risk 19 factors

moreover , the association remains significant after excluding patients and controls free from prevalent cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 association
3 the 4 association
4 association 10 and
5 remains 6 significant
5 remains 10 and
6 significant 7 after
7 after 8 excluding
8 excluding 9 patients
10 and 11 controls
10 and 12 free
10 and 13 from
13 from 16 disease
14 prevalent 16 disease
15 cardiovascular 16 disease

background : the ageing demographic means that increasing numbers of older people will be attending emergency departments ( eds ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 demographic
2 : 6 means
2 : 21 .
3 the 5 demographic
4 ageing 5 demographic
5 demographic 6 means
6 means 12 people
6 means 14 be
7 that 8 increasing
8 increasing 9 numbers
9 numbers 10 of
9 numbers 12 people
10 of 12 people
11 older 12 people
12 people 13 will
13 will 14 be
14 be 15 attending
15 attending 17 departments
16 emergency 17 departments
17 departments 19 eds
18 ( 19 eds
19 eds 20 )

little previous research has focused on the needs of older people in ed and there have been no evaluations of comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) embedded within the ed setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 little 3 research
2 previous 3 research
3 research 4 has
4 has 5 focused
5 focused 6 on
5 focused 12 in
6 on 8 needs
7 the 8 needs
8 needs 9 of
9 of 11 people
10 older 11 people
12 in 13 ed
14 and 15 there
14 and 17 been
15 there 16 have
16 have 17 been
17 been 19 evaluations
17 been 28 within
18 no 19 evaluations
19 evaluations 20 of
19 evaluations 27 embedded
20 of 23 assessment
21 comprehensive 23 assessment
22 geriatric 23 assessment
23 assessment 25 cga
24 ( 25 cga
25 cga 26 )
28 within 30 ed
29 the 30 ed
30 ed 31 setting

methods : a pre - post cohort study of the impact of embedding cga within a large ed in the east midlands , uk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 pre
2 : 23 ,
3 a 4 pre
4 pre 8 study
5 - 8 study
6 post 7 cohort
7 cohort 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 12 of
8 study 23 ,
9 of 11 impact
10 the 11 impact
12 of 13 embedding
13 embedding 14 cga
13 embedding 15 within
13 embedding 19 in
15 within 18 ed
16 a 17 large
16 a 18 ed
17 large 18 ed
19 in 22 midlands
20 the 22 midlands
21 east 22 midlands
23 , 24 uk

the primary outcome was admission avoidance from the ed , with readmissions , length [of] stay and bed - day use as secondary outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 the 3 outcome
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 was
4 was 6 avoidance
5 admission 6 avoidance
6 avoidance 7 from
7 from 9 ed
8 the 9 ed
9 ed 11 with
10 , 11 with
11 with 17 and
11 with 19 -
12 readmissions 13 ,
13 , 16 stay
13 , 17 and
14 length 16 stay
17 and 18 bed
19 - 24 outcomes
19 - 25 .
20 day 24 outcomes
21 use 24 outcomes
22 as 23 secondary
23 secondary 24 outcomes

results : attendances to ed increased in older people over the study period , whereas the ed conversion rate fell from 69.6 to 61.2 % in people aged 85+ , and readmission rates in this group fell from 26.0 % at 90 days to 19.9 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
2 : 3 attendances
2 : 20 fell
2 : 31 and
3 attendances 4 to
3 attendances 6 increased
4 to 5 ed
6 increased 7 in
6 increased 10 over
6 increased 13 period
6 increased 15 whereas
7 in 9 people
8 older 9 people
10 over 12 study
11 the 12 study
14 , 15 whereas
15 whereas 19 rate
16 the 19 rate
17 ed 19 rate
18 conversion 19 rate
19 rate 20 fell
20 fell 21 from
21 from 27 people
22 69.6 23 to
23 to 24 61.2
23 to 27 people
24 61.2 26 in
25 % 26 in
26 in 27 people
27 people 28 aged
28 aged 29 85+
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 rates
31 and 37 fell
32 readmission 33 rates
33 rates 34 in
33 rates 37 fell
34 in 36 group
35 this 36 group
37 fell 38 from
37 fell 41 at
38 from 40 %
39 26.0 40 %
41 at 43 days
42 90 43 days
43 days 44 to
44 to 46 %
45 19.9 46 %

in - patient bed - day use increased slightly , as did the mean length [of] stay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 bed
2 - 5 -
3 patient 4 bed
5 - 7 use
6 day 7 use
7 use 8 increased
8 increased 9 slightly
8 increased 11 as
10 , 11 as
11 as 12 did
11 as 18 .
12 did 17 stay
13 the 17 stay
14 mean 15 length
15 length 17 stay

discussion : it is possible to embed cga within eds , which is associated with improvements in operational outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 is
2 : 11 ,
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 possible
5 possible 6 to
5 possible 7 embed
6 to 7 embed
7 embed 8 cga
7 embed 9 within
9 within 10 eds
11 , 12 which
11 , 14 associated
12 which 13 is
13 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 17 in
15 with 16 improvements
17 in 19 outcomes
18 operational 19 outcomes

microglia develop an inflammatory phenotype during normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 microglia 2 develop
2 develop 5 phenotype
2 develop 6 during
3 an 4 inflammatory
3 an 5 phenotype
4 inflammatory 5 phenotype
6 during 8 aging
7 normal 8 aging

the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood , but might be related to impairments in several key immunoregulatory systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 by
2 mechanism 12 but
3 by 4 which
3 by 5 this
3 by 6 occurs
5 this 6 occurs
7 is 8 not
7 is 9 well
7 is 12 but
9 well 10 understood
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 might
13 might 14 be
14 be 15 related
15 related 16 to
15 related 18 in
16 to 17 impairments
18 in 22 systems
19 several 22 systems
20 key 21 immunoregulatory
21 immunoregulatory 22 systems

here we show that micro - rna ( mir ) - 29a and mir - 29b , 2 immunoregulatory micro - rnas , were increased in the brain of aged balb/c mice compared with adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 23 ,
3 show 12 29a
3 show 13 and
3 show 23 ,
4 that 12 29a
5 micro 7 rna
5 micro 11 -
5 micro 12 29a
6 - 7 rna
7 rna 9 mir
7 rna 11 -
8 ( 9 mir
9 mir 10 )
13 and 19 immunoregulatory
13 and 22 rnas
14 mir 16 29b
14 mir 19 immunoregulatory
15 - 16 29b
16 29b 17 ,
18 2 19 immunoregulatory
20 micro 21 -
20 micro 22 rnas
23 , 24 were
24 were 25 increased
25 increased 26 in
25 increased 34 with
26 in 28 brain
27 the 28 brain
28 brain 29 of
28 brain 32 mice
28 brain 33 compared
29 of 31 balb/c
30 aged 31 balb/c
32 mice 33 compared
34 with 35 adults

insulin - like growth factor - 1 ( igf - 1 ) and fractalkine [ligand] ( cx3cl1 ) are negative modulators of microglial activation and were identified as targets of mir - 29a and mir - 29b using luciferase assay and primary microglia transfection . 
1 insulin 2 -
1 insulin 7 1
3 like 5 factor
3 like 7 1
4 growth 5 factor
6 - 7 1
7 1 13 and
7 1 19 are
8 ( 13 and
9 igf 11 1
9 igf 13 and
10 - 11 1
11 1 12 )
13 and 14 fractalkine
13 and 17 cx3cl1
13 and 18 )
16 ( 17 cx3cl1
17 cx3cl1 18 )
19 are 25 and
20 negative 21 modulators
20 negative 25 and
21 modulators 22 of
22 of 24 activation
23 microglial 24 activation
25 and 26 were
25 and 37 29b
26 were 27 identified
27 identified 28 as
28 as 29 targets
29 targets 30 of
29 targets 34 and
30 of 31 mir
32 - 34 and
33 29a 34 and
34 and 35 mir
34 and 36 -
37 29b 38 using
38 using 41 and
39 luciferase 40 assay
40 assay 41 and
41 and 44 transfection
41 and 45 .
42 primary 44 transfection
43 microglia 44 transfection

indeed , higher expression of mir - 29b in the brain of aged mice was associated with reduced messenger rna ( mrna ) levels of igf [-] 1 and cx3cl1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 4 expression
3 higher 4 expression
4 expression 5 of
4 expression 15 was
5 of 8 29b
6 mir 7 -
6 mir 8 29b
8 29b 9 in
8 29b 12 of
9 in 11 brain
10 the 11 brain
12 of 14 mice
13 aged 14 mice
15 was 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 24 levels
18 reduced 19 messenger
19 messenger 24 levels
20 rna 22 mrna
20 rna 24 levels
21 ( 22 mrna
22 mrna 23 )
24 levels 25 of
25 of 30 cx3cl1
26 igf 28 1
26 igf 29 and
29 and 30 cx3cl1

parallel to these results in mice , mir - 29a and mir - 29b were also markedly increased in cortical brain tissue of older individuals ( mean , 77 years ) compared with middle [-] aged adults ( mean , 45 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 parallel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 parallel 2 to
1 parallel 15 were
1 parallel 19 in
1 parallel 33 with
2 to 3 these
4 results 5 in
4 results 7 ,
5 in 6 mice
7 , 10 29a
7 , 11 and
8 mir 9 -
8 mir 10 29a
11 and 14 29b
11 and 15 were
12 mir 13 -
12 mir 14 29b
15 were 16 also
15 were 18 increased
17 markedly 18 increased
19 in 22 tissue
20 cortical 21 brain
21 brain 22 tissue
22 tissue 23 of
22 tissue 32 compared
23 of 25 individuals
24 older 25 individuals
25 individuals 30 years
26 ( 30 years
27 mean 28 ,
27 mean 30 years
29 77 30 years
30 years 31 )
33 with 37 adults
34 middle 36 aged
36 aged 37 adults
37 adults 42 years
38 ( 42 years
39 mean 40 ,
39 mean 42 years
41 45 42 years
42 years 43 )

moreover , increased expression of mir - 29b in human cortical tissue was negatively correlated with igf - [1] and cx3cl1 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 expression
3 increased 4 expression
4 expression 5 of
4 expression 13 was
5 of 8 29b
6 mir 7 -
6 mir 8 29b
8 29b 9 in
9 in 12 tissue
10 human 12 tissue
11 cortical 12 tissue
13 was 14 negatively
13 was 15 correlated
15 correlated 16 with
16 with 20 and
17 igf 20 and
18 - 20 and
20 and 22 expression
21 cx3cl1 22 expression

collectively , these data indicate [that] an age - associated [increase] in mir - 29 corresponded with the reduction of 2 important regulators of microglia , igf - [1] and cx3cl1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 indicate
5 indicate 8 age
7 an 8 age
9 - 15 29
9 - 16 corresponded
9 - 26 ,
9 - 32 .
10 associated 12 in
10 associated 14 -
10 associated 15 29
12 in 13 mir
15 29 16 corresponded
16 corresponded 17 with
17 with 19 reduction
18 the 19 reduction
19 reduction 20 of
19 reduction 24 of
20 of 23 regulators
21 2 23 regulators
22 important 23 regulators
24 of 25 microglia
26 , 30 and
27 igf 30 and
28 - 30 and
30 and 31 cx3cl1

background : the ultrasound cardiac output monitor ( uscom ) is a continuous wave doppler system designed to measure cardiac output ( co ) [non] [-] invasively and intermittently either from the pulmonary or from the aortic valve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 7 monitor
2 : 11 is
3 the 7 monitor
4 ultrasound 7 monitor
5 cardiac 6 output
6 output 7 monitor
7 monitor 9 uscom
7 monitor 11 is
8 ( 9 uscom
9 uscom 10 )
11 is 16 system
12 a 16 system
13 continuous 16 system
14 wave 16 system
15 doppler 16 system
16 system 17 designed
17 designed 18 to
17 designed 19 measure
18 to 19 measure
19 measure 21 output
19 measure 28 and
19 measure 34 or
20 cardiac 21 output
21 output 23 co
22 ( 23 co
23 co 24 )
27 invasively 28 and
28 and 29 intermittently
30 either 34 or
31 from 33 pulmonary
31 from 34 or
32 the 33 pulmonary
34 or 35 from
35 from 38 valve
36 the 38 valve
37 aortic 38 valve

uscom [scan] quality is critical to obtaining reliable data and during anaesthesia it is said to deteriorate with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 uscom 3 quality
3 quality 4 is
4 is 5 critical
5 critical 6 to
6 to 7 obtaining
7 obtaining 9 data
8 reliable 9 data
10 and 13 it
10 and 15 said
11 during 12 anaesthesia
11 during 13 it
13 it 14 is
14 is 15 said
15 said 16 to
15 said 18 with
16 to 17 deteriorate
18 with 19 increasing
19 increasing 20 age

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on supra - sternal uscom scan repeatability during anaesthesia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 effect
8 investigate 13 on
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 12 age
13 on 14 supra
15 - 17 uscom
15 - 18 scan
15 - 22 .
16 sternal 17 uscom
17 uscom 18 scan
18 scan 19 repeatability
18 scan 20 during
20 during 21 anaesthesia

methods : we performed a series of 6 uscom scans in 180 patients of all ages after induction for routine surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 6 series
5 a 6 series
6 series 7 of
6 series 9 uscom
6 series 10 scans
7 of 8 6
9 uscom 10 scans
10 scans 11 in
10 scans 17 after
11 in 13 patients
12 180 13 patients
13 patients 14 of
14 of 16 ages
15 all 16 ages
17 after 18 induction
18 induction 19 for
19 for 21 surgery
20 routine 21 surgery

[a] 12 - point cattermole ( cs ) score and 10 - point insonation ( is ) [score] were used to evaluate [scan] quality and ease of insonation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 12
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 12 3 -
3 - 9 score
4 point 9 score
5 cattermole 7 cs
5 cattermole 9 score
6 ( 7 cs
7 cs 8 )
10 and 11 10
10 and 20 used
11 10 14 insonation
11 10 19 were
12 - 14 insonation
13 point 14 insonation
14 insonation 16 is
14 insonation 17 )
15 ( 16 is
16 is 17 )
19 were 20 used
20 used 21 to
20 used 22 evaluate
21 to 22 evaluate
22 evaluate 25 and
24 quality 25 and
25 and 26 ease
25 and 27 of
27 of 28 insonation

the coefficients of variation ( cvs ) of uscom variables [ co , peak velocity , stroke volume [index] ( svi ) and the corrected flow time ] were derived from the series of six readings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 coefficients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 coefficients
2 coefficients 3 of
2 coefficients 8 of
2 coefficients 29 were
3 of 4 variation
4 variation 6 cvs
5 ( 6 cvs
6 cvs 7 )
8 of 10 variables
9 uscom 10 variables
10 variables 23 and
11 [ 23 and
12 co 15 velocity
12 co 23 and
13 , 15 velocity
14 peak 15 velocity
15 velocity 18 volume
15 velocity 22 )
16 , 18 volume
17 stroke 18 volume
18 volume 21 svi
18 volume 22 )
20 ( 21 svi
21 svi 22 )
23 and 27 time
23 and 28 ]
24 the 27 time
25 corrected 26 flow
26 flow 27 time
29 were 30 derived
30 derived 31 from
31 from 33 series
32 the 33 series
33 series 34 of
34 of 36 readings
35 six 36 readings

results : in >95 % of young patients ( [age] < 50 yr ) , it was easy to obtain a good - quality uscom [scan] ( cs>8 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 16 it
2 : 17 was
2 : 30 .
3 in 5 %
3 in 16 it
4 >95 5 %
6 of 8 patients
6 of 15 ,
6 of 16 it
7 young 8 patients
8 patients 13 yr
9 ( 13 yr
11 < 12 50
12 50 13 yr
13 yr 14 )
16 it 17 was
17 was 18 easy
18 easy 19 to
18 easy 20 obtain
19 to 20 obtain
20 obtain 25 uscom
21 a 22 good
21 a 25 uscom
22 good 23 -
22 good 24 quality
24 quality 25 uscom
25 uscom 28 cs>8
27 ( 28 cs>8
28 cs>8 29 )

in these patients , repeatability of serial readings was good with cvs<5 [%] and precision of less [than] ±10 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 repeatability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 repeatability
2 these 3 patients
5 repeatability 6 of
5 repeatability 9 was
6 of 8 readings
7 serial 8 readings
9 was 10 good
10 good 11 with
11 with 20 %
12 cvs<5 14 and
14 and 15 precision
14 and 16 of
14 and 20 %
16 of 19 ±10
17 less 19 ±10

in older patients ( >50 [yr] ) , scan quality and ease of insonation declined , with >25 % of patients >60 [yr] having unreliable uscom scans ( cs<5 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 scan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 scan
2 older 3 patients
3 patients 5 >50
4 ( 5 >50
5 >50 7 )
9 scan 11 and
10 quality 11 and
11 and 12 ease
11 and 16 ,
11 and 17 with
11 and 20 of
12 ease 13 of
13 of 14 insonation
14 insonation 15 declined
17 with 19 %
18 >25 19 %
20 of 21 patients
21 patients 22 >60
21 patients 27 scans
21 patients 29 cs<5
22 >60 24 having
22 >60 27 scans
24 having 26 uscom
25 unreliable 26 uscom
28 ( 29 cs<5
29 cs<5 30 )

in these patients , the cv was >5 - 10 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 >5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 cv
2 these 3 patients
5 the 6 cv
6 cv 7 was
7 was 8 >5
8 >5 11 %
9 - 10 10
10 10 11 %

in several elderly patients ( >65 [yr] ) , we failed to locate the uscom signal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 failed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 patients
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 we
2 several 4 patients
3 elderly 4 patients
4 patients 6 >65
5 ( 6 >65
6 >65 8 )
10 we 11 failed
11 failed 12 to
11 failed 13 locate
12 to 13 locate
13 locate 16 signal
14 the 16 signal
15 uscom 16 signal

average scan time increased with age ( 30 [to] >60 s ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 average 2 scan
2 scan 3 time
3 time 4 increased
4 increased 5 with
5 with 6 age
6 age 11 s
7 ( 11 s
8 30 11 s
10 >60 11 s
11 s 12 )

svi was also strongly correlated with [scan] quality [(] r ( 2 )=0.77 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 svi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 svi 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 5 correlated
4 strongly 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 with
6 with 8 quality
8 quality 10 r
8 quality 13 )=0.77
11 ( 13 )=0.77
12 2 13 )=0.77
13 )=0.77 14 )

conclusions : increasing age has a significant effect on uscom scan quality and data reliability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 scan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 increasing
2 : 5 has
3 increasing 4 age
3 increasing 5 has
5 has 8 effect
5 has 11 scan
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 effect
7 significant 8 effect
8 effect 9 on
9 on 10 uscom
11 scan 13 and
12 quality 13 and
13 and 15 reliability
14 data 15 reliability

the microalga haematococcus [pluvialis] [(] [hp] [ )(is the best natural producer of astaxanthin ( ax ) , which is a potent antioxidant with broad health benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 haematococcus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 )(is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 haematococcus
2 microalga 3 haematococcus
3 haematococcus 8 )(is
8 )(is 12 producer
9 the 10 best
9 the 12 producer
11 natural 12 producer
12 producer 13 of
13 of 14 astaxanthin
14 astaxanthin 16 ax
15 ( 16 ax
16 ax 17 )
18 , 19 which
18 , 20 is
19 which 20 is
20 is 23 antioxidant
21 a 22 potent
21 a 23 antioxidant
22 potent 23 antioxidant
23 antioxidant 24 with
24 with 27 benefits
25 broad 27 benefits
26 health 27 benefits

the present study investigated the antiaging potential of [hp] biomass using the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster as the animal model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 7 potential
5 the 7 potential
6 antiaging 7 potential
7 potential 8 of
8 of 10 biomass
10 biomass 11 using
11 using 16 melanogaster
11 using 17 as
12 the 16 melanogaster
13 fruit 16 melanogaster
14 fly 16 melanogaster
15 drosophila 16 melanogaster
17 as 20 model
18 the 20 model
19 animal 20 model

the results showed that in wild - type flies the treatment [of] [hp] induced the early mortality at a concentration of 20 mg/ml , which was associated with the decreased enzymatic activities of cuzn - superoxide dismutase ( sod1 ) and mn - superoxide dismutase ( sod2 ) as well as the down - regulation of sod1 , sod2 , and [catalase] [(] cat ) at the transcriptional level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 5 in
3 showed 11 treatment
3 showed 14 induced
5 in 9 flies
6 wild 7 -
6 wild 8 type
8 type 9 flies
10 the 11 treatment
11 treatment 14 induced
14 induced 17 mortality
15 the 17 mortality
16 early 17 mortality
17 mortality 18 at
17 mortality 25 which
18 at 20 concentration
19 a 20 concentration
20 concentration 21 of
21 of 23 mg/ml
22 20 23 mg/ml
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 was
26 was 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 32 activities
29 the 32 activities
30 decreased 32 activities
31 enzymatic 32 activities
32 activities 33 of
33 of 41 and
34 cuzn 37 dismutase
34 cuzn 41 and
35 - 37 dismutase
36 superoxide 37 dismutase
37 dismutase 39 sod1
37 dismutase 40 )
38 ( 39 sod1
39 sod1 40 )
41 and 42 mn
41 and 51 as
42 mn 45 dismutase
43 - 45 dismutase
44 superoxide 45 dismutase
45 dismutase 47 sod2
45 dismutase 48 )
46 ( 47 sod2
47 sod2 48 )
49 as 50 well
50 well 51 as
51 as 55 regulation
52 the 55 regulation
53 down 54 -
53 down 55 regulation
55 regulation 56 of
55 regulation 61 and
56 of 57 sod1
58 , 61 and
59 sod2 61 and
60 , 61 and
61 and 64 cat
61 and 65 )
61 and 66 at
61 and 70 .
66 at 69 level
67 the 69 level
68 transcriptional 69 level

in sod ( n108 ) mutant flies , the supplementation [of] [hp] ( 10 or 20 mg/ml ) significantly extended their lifespan and ameliorated the age - related decline [in] locomotor function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 in 2 sod
1 in 10 supplementation
2 sod 7 flies
3 ( 7 flies
4 n108 5 )
4 n108 7 flies
6 mutant 7 flies
7 flies 8 ,
9 the 10 supplementation
10 supplementation 17 mg/ml
10 supplementation 23 and
13 ( 17 mg/ml
14 10 15 or
15 or 16 20
15 or 17 mg/ml
17 mg/ml 18 )
19 significantly 20 extended
20 extended 22 lifespan
20 extended 23 and
21 their 22 lifespan
23 and 24 ameliorated
24 ameliorated 26 age
25 the 26 age
27 - 32 function
27 - 33 .
28 related 29 decline
29 decline 32 function
31 locomotor 32 function

further studies suggested that [hp] may play a role as a complement to the defective endogenous antioxidant system to exert such lifespan elongation effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 further 2 studies
1 further 10 as
1 further 13 to
1 further 19 to
2 studies 3 suggested
2 studies 4 that
2 studies 6 may
4 that 6 may
6 may 7 play
7 play 9 role
8 a 9 role
10 as 12 complement
11 a 12 complement
13 to 18 system
14 the 18 system
15 defective 18 system
16 endogenous 18 system
17 antioxidant 18 system
19 to 20 exert
20 exert 24 effects
21 such 24 effects
22 lifespan 24 effects
23 elongation 24 effects

these results , taken together , strongly support the antiaging properties of [hp] [and] its therapeutic rather than preventive potential against aging - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
1 these 2 results
2 results 4 taken
2 results 8 support
3 , 4 taken
4 taken 5 together
4 taken 6 ,
7 strongly 8 support
8 support 11 properties
8 support 18 than
8 support 21 against
9 the 11 properties
10 antiaging 11 properties
11 properties 12 of
12 of 16 therapeutic
15 its 16 therapeutic
17 rather 18 than
18 than 20 potential
19 preventive 20 potential
21 against 22 aging
23 - 24 related
24 related 25 diseases
24 related 26 .

background : stomach cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 cancer
2 : 5 is
2 : 16 .
3 stomach 4 cancer
4 cancer 5 is
5 is 6 one
6 one 7 of
7 of 10 causes
8 the 10 causes
9 leading 10 causes
10 causes 11 of
11 of 13 deaths
12 cancer 13 deaths
13 deaths 14 in
14 in 15 japan

the objectives of this study were to estimate and project the economic burden associated with stomach cancer in japan , and to identify the key factors that drive the economic burden of stomach cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 objectives
2 objectives 3 of
2 objectives 21 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 9 and
6 were 21 and
7 to 9 and
8 estimate 9 and
9 and 10 project
9 and 18 in
10 project 13 burden
11 the 13 burden
12 economic 13 burden
13 burden 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 cancer
16 stomach 17 cancer
18 in 19 japan
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 to
21 and 23 identify
22 to 23 identify
23 identify 26 factors
24 the 26 factors
25 key 26 factors
26 factors 27 that
26 factors 28 drive
27 that 28 drive
28 drive 31 burden
29 the 31 burden
30 economic 31 burden
31 burden 32 of
32 of 34 cancer
33 stomach 34 cancer

methods : we calculated cost of illness ( coi ) of 1996 , 2002 , 2008 , 2014 and 2020 by using government office statistics and the coi method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 calculated
3 we 4 calculated
4 calculated 5 cost
5 cost 6 of
5 cost 11 of
6 of 7 illness
7 illness 9 coi
8 ( 9 coi
9 coi 10 )
11 of 12 1996
12 1996 14 2002
12 1996 19 and
13 , 14 2002
14 2002 16 2008
14 2002 17 ,
15 , 16 2008
16 2008 17 ,
17 , 19 and
18 2014 19 and
19 and 20 2020
19 and 21 by
19 and 30 .
21 by 22 using
22 using 26 and
23 government 24 office
24 office 25 statistics
25 statistics 26 and
26 and 29 method
27 the 29 method
28 coi 29 method

we calculated direct cost and indirect cost ( morbidity cost and mortality cost ) , and estimated the coi by summing them up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 16 and
2 calculated 5 and
2 calculated 16 and
3 direct 4 cost
4 cost 5 and
5 and 7 cost
5 and 11 and
6 indirect 7 cost
8 ( 11 and
9 morbidity 10 cost
10 cost 11 and
11 and 13 cost
11 and 14 )
12 mortality 13 cost
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 estimated
16 and 20 by
17 estimated 19 coi
18 the 19 coi
20 by 21 summing
21 summing 22 them
21 summing 23 up

results : the number of deaths remained at approximately 50,000 in 1996 - 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 deaths
2 : 7 remained
2 : 15 .
3 the 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 deaths
5 of 6 deaths
6 deaths 7 remained
7 remained 8 at
7 remained 13 -
8 at 11 in
9 approximately 10 50,000
10 50,000 11 in
12 1996 13 -
13 - 14 2008

coi was in downward [trend] from 1,293.5 billion yen in 1996 to 1,114.2 billion yen in 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 coi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 coi 2 was
2 was 3 in
2 was 4 downward
2 was 6 from
2 was 10 in
2 was 16 in
6 from 9 yen
7 1,293.5 8 billion
8 billion 9 yen
10 in 15 yen
11 1996 12 to
12 to 13 1,114.2
12 to 14 billion
14 billion 15 yen
16 in 17 2008

morbidity cost [was] 85.6 billion yen and 54.0 billion yen , mortality cost [was] 972.3 billion yen and 806.4 billion yen , [and] mortality cost per person was 19.4 million yen and 16.1 million yen in 1996 and 2008 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 morbidity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 morbidity 2 cost
2 cost 6 yen
2 cost 7 and
4 85.6 5 billion
5 billion 6 yen
7 and 10 yen
8 54.0 9 billion
9 billion 10 yen
11 , 12 mortality
11 , 13 cost
11 , 22 ,
12 mortality 13 cost
13 cost 17 yen
13 cost 18 and
15 972.3 16 billion
16 billion 17 yen
18 and 21 yen
19 806.4 20 billion
20 billion 21 yen
22 , 25 cost
22 , 28 was
22 , 32 and
24 mortality 25 cost
25 cost 26 per
25 cost 28 was
26 per 27 person
28 was 31 yen
29 19.4 30 million
30 million 31 yen
32 and 34 million
32 and 35 yen
33 16.1 34 million
34 million 35 yen
35 yen 36 in
35 yen 41 respectively
36 in 38 and
37 1996 38 and
38 and 39 2008
40 , 41 respectively
41 respectively 42 .

decrease of mortality cost that accounted for a large part of the coi ( 72.4 % in 2008 ) was the major contributing factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 decrease 2 of
1 decrease 5 that
1 decrease 6 accounted
1 decrease 20 was
2 of 4 cost
3 mortality 4 cost
5 that 6 accounted
6 accounted 7 for
7 for 10 part
8 a 9 large
8 a 10 part
9 large 10 part
10 part 11 of
11 of 13 coi
12 the 13 coi
13 coi 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 72.4 16 %
16 % 17 in
16 % 19 )
17 in 18 2008
20 was 24 factor
21 the 24 factor
22 major 24 factor
23 contributing 24 factor

coi is predicted to decrease if the trend of health related indicators continues ( 442.8 - 1,056.1 billion yen depending on the model in 2020 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 coi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 coi 2 is
2 is 3 predicted
3 predicted 4 to
3 predicted 6 if
4 to 5 decrease
6 if 8 trend
6 if 13 continues
7 the 8 trend
8 trend 9 of
8 trend 13 continues
9 of 12 indicators
10 health 11 related
11 related 12 indicators
13 continues 16 -
14 ( 16 -
15 442.8 16 -
16 - 20 depending
16 - 26 )
17 1,056.1 18 billion
18 billion 19 yen
19 yen 20 depending
20 depending 21 on
21 on 23 model
22 the 23 model
23 model 24 in
24 in 25 2020

mortality cost per person is also predicted to decrease ( 9.5 - 12.5 million yen depending on the model in 2020 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 mortality 2 cost
2 cost 3 per
2 cost 5 is
3 per 4 person
5 is 7 predicted
6 also 7 predicted
7 predicted 8 to
8 to 9 decrease
9 decrease 12 -
10 ( 12 -
11 9.5 12 -
12 - 16 depending
12 - 22 )
13 12.5 14 million
14 million 15 yen
15 yen 16 depending
16 depending 17 on
17 on 19 model
18 the 19 model
19 model 20 in
20 in 21 2020

conclusions : if the trend of health related indicators continues , it is estimated that coi of stomach cancer would decrease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 it
2 : 14 estimated
2 : 22 .
3 if 5 trend
3 if 10 continues
3 if 11 ,
3 if 12 it
4 the 5 trend
5 trend 6 of
5 trend 10 continues
6 of 9 indicators
7 health 8 related
8 related 9 indicators
12 it 13 is
13 is 14 estimated
14 estimated 15 that
15 that 16 coi
15 that 21 decrease
16 coi 17 of
16 coi 20 would
17 of 19 cancer
18 stomach 19 cancer
20 would 21 decrease

" aging " , " change of the healthcare providing system " and " new medical technology " are considered as contributing factors of coi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 "
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 aging 3 "
2 aging 4 ,
2 aging 13 and
4 , 5 "
6 change 7 of
6 change 13 and
7 of 11 system
8 the 11 system
9 healthcare 11 system
10 providing 11 system
11 system 12 "
13 and 14 "
13 and 17 technology
13 and 19 are
15 new 17 technology
16 medical 17 technology
17 technology 18 "
19 are 20 considered
20 considered 23 factors
21 as 22 contributing
22 contributing 23 factors
23 factors 24 of
24 of 25 coi

aim : the frailty index ( fi ) summarizes differences in health status within individuals , and the determinants of health drive that variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 index
2 : 9 summarizes
2 : 17 and
2 : 25 .
3 the 5 index
4 frailty 5 index
5 index 7 fi
5 index 9 summarizes
6 ( 7 fi
7 fi 8 )
9 summarizes 10 differences
9 summarizes 11 in
9 summarizes 14 within
11 in 13 status
12 health 13 status
14 within 15 individuals
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 determinants
17 and 22 drive
18 the 19 determinants
19 determinants 20 of
19 determinants 22 drive
20 of 21 health
22 drive 24 variability
23 that 24 variability

the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of education , income , smoking , alcohol intake and parental longevity on the fi variability in subjects of the same chronological age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 12 of
2 aim 14 ,
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
5 present 6 study
5 present 7 was
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 to
8 to 9 investigate
9 investigate 11 influence
10 the 11 influence
12 of 13 education
14 , 15 income
14 , 16 ,
16 , 17 smoking
16 , 18 ,
18 , 20 intake
18 , 21 and
19 alcohol 20 intake
21 and 23 longevity
21 and 24 on
21 and 28 in
21 and 30 of
21 and 35 group
22 parental 23 longevity
24 on 27 variability
25 the 27 variability
26 fi 27 variability
28 in 29 subjects
30 of 34 age
31 the 32 same
32 same 34 age
33 chronological 34 age

methods : analyses were based on [a] 40 - item fi based on the first wave of the survey of health , aging and retirement in europe ( share , http://www.share - project.org/ ) , including 29 905 participants aged ≥50 years from 12 countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 3 analyses
2 : 5 based
2 : 9 -
2 : 22 ,
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 based
5 based 6 on
6 on 8 40
9 - 11 fi
10 item 11 fi
11 fi 12 based
11 fi 17 of
11 fi 20 of
12 based 13 on
13 on 16 wave
14 the 15 first
14 the 16 wave
17 of 19 survey
18 the 19 survey
20 of 21 health
22 , 24 and
23 aging 24 and
24 and 25 retirement
24 and 26 in
24 and 36 including
26 in 27 europe
27 europe 29 share
28 ( 29 share
29 share 33 project.org/
29 share 35 ,
30 , 33 project.org/
31 http://www.share 32 -
31 http://www.share 33 project.org/
33 project.org/ 34 )
36 including 42 years
36 including 43 from
37 29 39 participants
38 905 39 participants
39 participants 40 aged
40 aged 42 years
41 ≥50 42 years
43 from 45 countries
44 12 45 countries

for each sex , the sample was divided into age categories ( 50 s , 60 s , 70 s , 80 s [and] ≥90 ) , and fi quartiles within age categories were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 for 3 sex
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 sample
2 each 3 sex
5 the 6 sample
6 sample 7 was
7 was 8 divided
8 divided 9 into
9 into 11 categories
10 age 11 categories
11 categories 14 s
11 categories 17 s
11 categories 20 s
11 categories 25 ≥90
12 ( 14 s
13 50 14 s
14 s 15 ,
15 , 17 s
16 60 17 s
17 s 18 ,
18 , 20 s
19 70 20 s
20 s 21 ,
21 , 25 ≥90
22 80 23 s
23 s 25 ≥90
25 ≥90 26 )
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 quartiles
28 and 35 calculated
29 fi 30 quartiles
30 quartiles 31 within
30 quartiles 34 were
31 within 33 categories
32 age 33 categories
34 were 35 calculated

multivariate ordinal regressions were computed to assess the relative contribution of the health determinants on the fi quartiles in each age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 quartiles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 multivariate 3 regressions
1 multivariate 7 assess
1 multivariate 18 quartiles
2 ordinal 3 regressions
3 regressions 4 were
4 were 5 computed
5 computed 6 to
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 10 contribution
7 assess 15 on
8 the 10 contribution
9 relative 10 contribution
10 contribution 11 of
11 of 14 determinants
12 the 14 determinants
13 health 14 determinants
15 on 17 fi
16 the 17 fi
18 quartiles 19 in
19 in 22 group
20 each 22 group
21 age 22 group

results : in women , the most significant multivariate predictors were years of education ( odds ratios [ or []] around 0.9 ) , and difficulties making ends meet ( or between 1.8 and 2.1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 predictors
2 : 11 were
2 : 37 .
3 in 4 women
3 in 5 ,
3 in 10 predictors
6 the 7 most
7 most 10 predictors
8 significant 10 predictors
9 multivariate 10 predictors
10 predictors 11 were
11 were 25 and
12 years 13 of
12 years 25 and
13 of 14 education
14 education 17 ratios
15 ( 17 ratios
16 odds 17 ratios
17 ratios 19 or
17 ratios 24 ,
18 [ 19 or
19 or 21 around
19 or 23 )
21 around 22 0.9
25 and 26 difficulties
25 and 27 making
25 and 31 or
27 making 28 ends
27 making 29 meet
30 ( 31 or
31 or 34 and
31 or 36 )
32 between 34 and
33 1.8 34 and
34 and 35 2.1

in men , the most significant multivariate predictors were years of education ( or around 0.9 ) , difficulties making ends meet ( or between 1.6 and 2.1 ) , mother 's age at death ( or under 1 ) , and father 's age at death ( or under 1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 in 2 men
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 predictors
4 the 5 most
5 most 8 predictors
6 significant 8 predictors
7 multivariate 8 predictors
8 predictors 9 were
9 were 10 years
10 years 11 of
10 years 19 difficulties
11 of 12 education
12 education 14 or
13 ( 14 or
14 or 15 around
14 or 17 )
15 around 16 0.9
18 , 19 difficulties
19 difficulties 20 making
19 difficulties 24 or
19 difficulties 33 age
19 difficulties 41 ,
20 making 21 ends
20 making 22 meet
23 ( 24 or
24 or 27 and
24 or 29 )
25 between 27 and
26 1.6 27 and
27 and 28 2.1
30 , 33 age
31 mother 32 's
32 's 33 age
33 age 34 at
33 age 37 or
33 age 40 )
34 at 35 death
36 ( 37 or
37 or 38 under
37 or 40 )
38 under 39 1
42 and 43 father
42 and 44 's
43 father 44 's
44 's 45 age
44 's 46 at
46 at 47 death
47 death 49 or
48 ( 49 or
49 or 50 under
49 or 52 )
50 under 51 1

conclusions : consistently with the literature , education and income explained , in both sexes , cross - sectional variability in fi in subjects of the same chronological age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 and
2 : 17 cross
2 : 18 -
2 : 31 .
3 consistently 9 and
4 with 6 literature
4 with 7 ,
4 with 9 and
5 the 6 literature
8 education 9 and
9 and 10 income
9 and 11 explained
9 and 17 cross
11 explained 13 in
12 , 13 in
13 in 15 sexes
13 in 16 ,
14 both 15 sexes
18 - 20 variability
19 sectional 20 variability
20 variability 21 in
21 in 22 fi
22 fi 23 in
22 fi 25 of
23 in 24 subjects
25 of 30 group
26 the 27 same
27 same 30 group
28 chronological 29 age
29 age 30 group

the influence of parental longevity seemed to be greater in men , which mirrors previous studies showing that genetic factors might have a higher impact on longevity in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seemed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 influence
2 influence 3 of
2 influence 6 seemed
3 of 5 longevity
4 parental 5 longevity
6 seemed 7 to
6 seemed 8 be
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 greater
9 greater 10 in
10 in 11 men
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 mirrors
13 which 14 mirrors
14 mirrors 16 studies
15 previous 16 studies
16 studies 17 showing
17 showing 18 that
18 that 20 factors
18 that 22 have
19 genetic 20 factors
20 factors 21 might
21 might 22 have
22 have 25 impact
22 have 26 on
22 have 28 in
23 a 25 impact
24 higher 25 impact
26 on 27 longevity
28 in 29 men

in recent years , diabetes has been shown to be associated with cancer risk , and this has led to a joint committee being formed , enlisting experts from the japan diabetes society and the japanese cancer association to address this issue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 3 years
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 diabetes
2 recent 3 years
5 diabetes 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 risk
13 cancer 14 risk
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 this
16 and 19 led
17 this 18 has
18 has 19 led
19 led 20 to
19 led 38 association
19 led 39 to
20 to 34 and
21 a 22 joint
21 a 24 being
22 joint 23 committee
23 committee 24 being
24 being 25 formed
24 being 26 ,
26 , 28 experts
26 , 34 and
27 enlisting 28 experts
28 experts 29 from
29 from 33 society
30 the 33 society
31 japan 32 diabetes
32 diabetes 33 society
34 and 36 japanese
35 the 36 japanese
37 cancer 38 association
39 to 40 address
40 address 42 issue
41 this 42 issue

epidemiological data in japan provides evidence to demonstrate that diabetes is associated with increased risk for cancers , especially colorectal , liver , and pancreatic cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 epidemiological 2 data
2 data 3 in
2 data 5 provides
3 in 4 japan
5 provides 6 evidence
5 provides 7 to
7 to 8 demonstrate
8 demonstrate 9 that
9 that 10 diabetes
9 that 12 associated
10 diabetes 11 is
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 16 for
13 with 15 risk
14 increased 15 risk
16 for 24 and
17 cancers 18 ,
18 , 22 liver
18 , 24 and
19 especially 20 colorectal
20 colorectal 21 ,
20 colorectal 22 liver
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 cancers
25 pancreatic 26 cancers

the mechanisms through which diabetes is assumed to promote oncogenesis include insulin resistance and associated hyperinsulinemia , hyperglycemia , and inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 through
2 mechanisms 14 and
3 through 4 which
3 through 5 diabetes
3 through 7 assumed
5 diabetes 6 is
6 is 7 assumed
7 assumed 8 to
8 to 9 promote
9 promote 10 oncogenesis
11 include 13 resistance
11 include 14 and
12 insulin 13 resistance
14 and 15 associated
15 associated 20 and
16 hyperinsulinemia 17 ,
17 , 18 hyperglycemia
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 inflammation

common risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cancer include aging , male sex , obesity , physical inactivity , inappropriate diet [(] excessive red/processed meat intake , inadequate vegetable/fruit/dietary fiber intake ) , excessive alcohol drinking , and smoking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 common 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 for
3 factors 8 and
4 for 7 diabetes
5 type 7 diabetes
6 2 7 diabetes
8 and 10 include
8 and 11 aging
8 and 14 sex
8 and 39 and
9 cancer 10 include
12 , 14 sex
13 male 14 sex
14 sex 16 obesity
14 sex 38 ,
15 , 16 obesity
16 obesity 19 inactivity
16 obesity 38 ,
17 , 19 inactivity
18 physical 19 inactivity
19 inactivity 27 intake
19 inactivity 38 ,
20 , 27 intake
21 inappropriate 22 diet
22 diet 27 intake
24 excessive 26 meat
25 red/processed 26 meat
26 meat 27 intake
27 intake 32 intake
27 intake 37 drinking
27 intake 38 ,
28 , 32 intake
29 inadequate 31 fiber
30 vegetable/fruit/dietary 31 fiber
31 fiber 32 intake
32 intake 33 )
34 , 37 drinking
35 excessive 36 alcohol
36 alcohol 37 drinking
37 drinking 38 ,
39 and 40 smoking

given that inappropriate diet/exercise , smoking and excessive alcohol drinking are common risk factors for diabetes and cancer , diet/exercise therapy , smoking cessation and alcohol moderation may be associated with decreased risk for cancer in diabetic patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 given 4 diet/exercise
2 that 3 inappropriate
3 inappropriate 4 diet/exercise
4 diet/exercise 5 ,
5 , 6 smoking
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 alcohol
7 and 10 drinking
7 and 11 are
8 excessive 9 alcohol
11 are 17 and
12 common 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
14 factors 15 for
14 factors 17 and
15 for 16 diabetes
17 and 18 cancer
19 , 29 be
20 diet/exercise 21 therapy
21 therapy 22 ,
22 , 24 cessation
22 , 25 and
23 smoking 24 cessation
25 and 27 moderation
25 and 28 may
26 alcohol 27 moderation
28 may 29 be
29 be 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
30 associated 34 for
30 associated 36 in
31 with 33 risk
32 decreased 33 risk
34 for 35 cancer
36 in 38 patients
37 diabetic 38 patients

there is [as] yet limited evidence as to whether any particular antidiabetic agents may influence cancer risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 yet
2 is 6 evidence
2 is 8 to
5 limited 6 evidence
7 as 8 to
8 to 9 whether
9 whether 13 agents
9 whether 15 influence
10 any 13 agents
11 particular 13 agents
12 antidiabetic 13 agents
13 agents 14 may
14 may 15 influence
15 influence 17 risk
16 cancer 17 risk

aim : the aim of the present study was to delineate [how] age - related deterioration affects the handwriting of healthy elderly ( he ) subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 17 affects
2 : 27 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 17 affects
5 of 7 present
6 the 7 present
7 present 8 study
7 present 11 delineate
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 delineate
10 to 11 delineate
11 delineate 13 age
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 deterioration
15 related 17 affects
17 affects 19 handwriting
18 the 19 handwriting
19 handwriting 20 of
20 of 26 subjects
21 healthy 26 subjects
22 elderly 24 he
22 elderly 26 subjects
23 ( 24 he
24 he 25 )

methods : a total of 235 he ( 54 males , 181 females ) aged 57 - 91 years participated as subjects in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 15 aged
2 : 26 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 15 aged
5 of 7 he
6 235 7 he
7 he 10 males
7 he 13 females
8 ( 10 males
9 54 10 males
10 males 11 ,
11 , 13 females
12 181 13 females
13 females 14 )
15 aged 17 -
16 57 17 -
17 - 18 91
18 91 19 years
19 years 20 participated
20 participated 21 as
20 participated 23 in
21 as 22 subjects
23 in 25 study
24 the 25 study

in order to compare the area of handwriting , we divided the participants into two groups : ( [i] [ )(aged 57 - 74 years [;] and [(] ii ) aged 75 - 91 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 we
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 compare
2 order 7 of
3 to 4 compare
4 compare 6 area
5 the 6 area
7 of 8 handwriting
10 we 11 divided
11 divided 13 participants
12 the 13 participants
13 participants 14 into
14 into 16 groups
15 two 16 groups
17 : 27 and
17 : 31 aged
18 ( 21 )(aged
21 )(aged 22 57
21 )(aged 23 -
21 )(aged 27 and
24 74 25 years
25 years 27 and
27 and 29 ii
27 and 30 )
27 and 31 aged
31 aged 35 years
32 75 33 -
33 - 34 91
33 - 35 years

the writing stimulus was a four [-] syllabic word with one - to - one grapheme - to [-] phoneme correspondence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stimulus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 stimulus
2 writing 3 stimulus
3 stimulus 4 was
4 was 9 word
5 a 9 word
6 four 9 word
8 syllabic 9 word
9 word 10 with
9 word 18 to
10 with 11 one
11 one 13 to
12 - 13 to
13 to 16 grapheme
13 to 17 -
14 - 15 one
15 one 16 grapheme
18 to 21 correspondence
20 phoneme 21 correspondence

the size of each syllable in the target word was measured using a software program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 size
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 size
2 size 3 of
2 size 10 was
3 of 5 syllable
4 each 5 syllable
5 syllable 6 in
6 in 9 word
7 the 9 word
8 target 9 word
10 was 11 measured
11 measured 12 using
12 using 15 program
13 a 14 software
13 a 15 program
14 software 15 program

alignment of the word to baseline was assessed using a multiple - choice checklist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alignment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 alignment 2 of
1 alignment 7 was
2 of 4 word
3 the 4 word
4 word 5 to
5 to 6 baseline
7 was 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 using
9 using 14 checklist
10 a 11 multiple
10 a 14 checklist
11 multiple 12 -
11 multiple 14 checklist
13 choice 14 checklist

results : as compared with handwriting by the younger group , the older group showed greater variability in the size of the written syllables within the word ( p = 0.023 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 14 group
2 : 15 showed
3 as 4 compared
3 as 11 ,
3 as 14 group
4 compared 5 with
4 compared 7 by
5 with 6 handwriting
7 by 10 group
8 the 10 group
9 younger 10 group
12 the 14 group
13 older 14 group
14 group 15 showed
15 showed 17 variability
15 showed 18 in
15 showed 25 within
16 greater 17 variability
18 in 20 size
19 the 20 size
20 size 21 of
21 of 24 syllables
22 the 24 syllables
23 written 24 syllables
25 within 27 word
26 the 27 word
27 word 30 =
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.023
30 = 32 )

conclusion : the handwriting was characterized by unequal size among syllables and [non] [-] perpendicular alignment , which could be explained by several factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 handwriting
2 : 6 characterized
2 : 17 ,
3 the 4 handwriting
4 handwriting 5 was
5 was 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
6 characterized 10 among
7 by 9 size
8 unequal 9 size
10 among 12 and
11 syllables 12 and
12 and 16 alignment
15 perpendicular 16 alignment
17 , 18 which
17 , 21 explained
18 which 19 could
19 could 20 be
20 be 21 explained
21 explained 22 by
22 by 24 factors
23 several 24 factors

first , the variability might have resulted from irregular fine movement motor control in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 4 variability
3 the 4 variability
4 variability 5 might
5 might 6 have
6 have 7 resulted
7 resulted 8 from
7 resulted 14 in
8 from 13 control
9 irregular 11 movement
10 fine 11 movement
11 movement 13 control
12 motor 13 control
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults

second , the deterioration of visual feedback and visuomotor integration in normal aging might have affected handwriting performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deterioration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 4 deterioration
3 the 4 deterioration
4 deterioration 5 of
4 deterioration 14 might
5 of 8 and
6 visual 7 feedback
7 feedback 8 and
8 and 10 integration
8 and 11 in
9 visuomotor 10 integration
11 in 13 aging
12 normal 13 aging
14 might 15 have
15 have 16 affected
16 affected 18 performance
17 handwriting 18 performance

in conclusion , variability of handwriting can be sensitive in predicting the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 variability
3 , 8 be
4 variability 5 of
4 variability 7 can
5 of 6 handwriting
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 sensitive
9 sensitive 10 in
10 in 11 predicting
11 predicting 14 process
12 the 14 process
13 aging 14 process

aim : to investigate the relationship between physical [function] , mortality and autonomic nervous activity measured by heart rate variability of elderly in long - term care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 relationship
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 22 elderly
7 between 12 and
8 physical 10 ,
8 physical 11 mortality
11 mortality 12 and
12 and 13 autonomic
12 and 15 activity
12 and 21 of
14 nervous 15 activity
15 activity 16 measured
16 measured 17 by
16 measured 20 variability
17 by 18 heart
19 rate 20 variability
20 variability 21 of
22 elderly 23 in
23 in 27 care
24 long 25 -
24 long 26 term
26 term 27 care

methods : cross - sectional and longitudinal studies were carried out at hospitals and health service facilities for the elderly [in] nagano prefecture , japan , from july 2007 to march 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cross
2 : 4 -
4 - 8 studies
4 - 10 carried
4 - 33 .
5 sectional 6 and
6 and 7 longitudinal
6 and 8 studies
8 studies 9 were
9 were 10 carried
10 carried 11 out
10 carried 12 at
10 carried 18 for
10 carried 27 from
10 carried 30 to
12 at 17 facilities
13 hospitals 14 and
14 and 16 service
14 and 17 facilities
15 health 16 service
18 for 23 prefecture
19 the 23 prefecture
20 elderly 23 prefecture
22 nagano 23 prefecture
23 prefecture 25 japan
24 , 25 japan
25 japan 26 ,
27 from 28 july
28 july 29 2007
30 to 31 march
31 march 32 2011

a total of 105 long - term care older adults and 17 control older adults [with] independent physical function were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 11 and
3 of 10 adults
4 105 10 adults
5 long 6 -
5 long 7 term
7 term 10 adults
8 care 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 and 19 function
11 and 20 were
12 17 13 control
13 control 19 function
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 19 function
17 independent 19 function
18 physical 19 function
20 were 21 included

the functional independence measure ( fim ) and barthel index were determined as indices of physical function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 6 fim
2 functional 3 independence
3 independence 4 measure
4 measure 6 fim
5 ( 6 fim
6 fim 7 )
6 fim 8 and
8 and 9 barthel
8 and 10 index
8 and 15 of
8 and 17 function
10 index 11 were
11 were 12 determined
12 determined 13 as
13 as 14 indices
14 indices 15 of
16 physical 17 function

twenty - four - hour holter monitoring was carried out . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 four
2 - 4 -
4 - 7 monitoring
4 - 9 carried
4 - 11 .
5 hour 7 monitoring
6 holter 7 monitoring
7 monitoring 8 was
8 was 9 carried
9 carried 10 out

from rr intervals in electrocardiograms , heart rate and standard deviations of all nn intervals in all 5 - min segments of the entire recording , power spectral density , low frequency , high frequency and low frequency/high frequency ( lf/hf ) were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 power
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 from 9 and
1 from 26 ,
1 from 27 power
2 rr 3 intervals
3 intervals 4 in
3 intervals 6 ,
4 in 5 electrocardiograms
6 , 8 rate
6 , 9 and
7 heart 8 rate
9 and 11 deviations
9 and 12 of
9 and 21 segments
10 standard 11 deviations
12 of 15 intervals
13 all 15 intervals
14 nn 15 intervals
15 intervals 16 in
16 in 18 5
17 all 18 5
19 - 21 segments
20 min 21 segments
21 segments 22 of
21 segments 26 ,
22 of 25 recording
23 the 25 recording
24 entire 25 recording
27 power 29 density
28 spectral 29 density
29 density 32 frequency
30 , 32 frequency
31 low 32 frequency
32 frequency 33 ,
33 , 34 high
33 , 43 were
34 high 43 were
35 frequency 36 and
36 and 39 frequency
36 and 41 lf/hf
36 and 43 were
37 low 39 frequency
38 frequency/high 39 frequency
40 ( 41 lf/hf
41 lf/hf 42 )
43 were 44 calculated

results : fim score and barthel index were 46 ± 26 and 30 ± 31 , respectively , in long - term care [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 score
2 : 5 and
2 : 21 -
3 fim 4 score
5 and 7 index
5 and 8 were
6 barthel 7 index
7 index 8 were
8 were 10 ±
8 were 20 long
9 46 10 ±
10 ± 12 and
10 ± 19 in
11 26 12 and
12 and 13 30
12 and 14 ±
14 ± 15 31
14 ± 17 respectively
14 ± 19 in
16 , 17 respectively
17 respectively 18 ,
21 - 23 care
22 term 23 care

fim and barthel index were significantly correlated with heart [rate] and the standard deviations of all nn intervals after adjustment for age , sex , cardiovascular risk factors and fim . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 fim 2 and
2 and 4 index
2 and 5 were
3 barthel 4 index
5 were 7 correlated
6 significantly 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
7 correlated 21 for
8 with 11 and
9 heart 11 and
11 and 14 deviations
11 and 15 of
12 the 14 deviations
13 standard 14 deviations
15 of 18 intervals
16 all 18 intervals
17 nn 18 intervals
18 intervals 19 after
19 after 20 adjustment
21 for 29 and
22 age 23 ,
23 , 24 sex
23 , 25 ,
25 , 28 factors
25 , 29 and
26 cardiovascular 28 factors
27 risk 28 factors
29 and 30 fim

furthermore , lf/hf was significantly decreased in long - term care [elderly] compared with control elderly after adjustment for covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lf/hf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 lf/hf
3 lf/hf 4 was
4 was 6 decreased
5 significantly 6 decreased
6 decreased 7 in
6 decreased 14 with
6 decreased 16 elderly
7 in 11 care
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 term
10 term 11 care
11 care 13 compared
14 with 15 control
16 elderly 17 after
17 after 18 adjustment
18 adjustment 19 for
19 for 20 covariates

in addition , decrease in lf/hf was an independent risk factor for mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 decrease
4 decrease 5 in
4 decrease 7 was
5 in 6 lf/hf
7 was 11 factor
8 an 11 factor
9 independent 11 factor
10 risk 11 factor
11 factor 12 for
12 for 13 mortality

conclusion : low lf/hf activity was observed in long - term care [elderly] and was related to an increase of overall mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 low
4 lf/hf 5 activity
4 lf/hf 14 and
4 lf/hf 16 related
5 activity 14 and
6 was 7 observed
6 was 14 and
7 observed 8 in
8 in 12 care
9 long 10 -
9 long 11 term
11 term 12 care
14 and 15 was
16 related 17 to
17 to 19 increase
18 an 19 increase
19 increase 20 of
20 of 22 mortality
21 overall 22 mortality

the purposes of this study were to determine anaerobic threshold ( at ) during discontinuous dynamic and resistive exercise protocols by analysing of heart rate variability ( hrv ) and blood [lactate] [(] bl ) in healthy elderly subjects and [compare] the cardiovascular , metabolic and autonomic variables obtained from these two forms of exercise . 
1 the 2 purposes
2 purposes 3 of
2 purposes 6 were
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 threshold
8 determine 14 during
9 anaerobic 10 threshold
10 threshold 12 at
11 ( 12 at
12 at 13 )
14 during 17 and
15 discontinuous 16 dynamic
16 dynamic 17 and
17 and 20 protocols
18 resistive 20 protocols
19 exercise 20 protocols
20 protocols 21 by
21 by 30 and
22 analysing 23 of
22 analysing 30 and
23 of 26 variability
24 heart 25 rate
25 rate 26 variability
26 variability 28 hrv
27 ( 28 hrv
28 hrv 29 )
30 and 34 bl
30 and 35 )
30 and 36 in
31 blood 34 bl
36 in 46 and
37 healthy 39 subjects
38 elderly 39 subjects
39 subjects 40 and
40 and 43 cardiovascular
40 and 44 ,
42 the 43 cardiovascular
44 , 45 metabolic
44 , 46 and
46 and 48 variables
46 and 56 .
47 autonomic 48 variables
48 variables 49 obtained
48 variables 50 from
48 variables 54 of
50 from 53 forms
51 these 52 two
52 two 53 forms
54 of 55 exercise

fourteen elderly ( 70 ± 4 years ) apparently healthy males underwent the following tests [:] [(] [i] [ )(incremental ramp test on cycle ergometer , [(] ii ) [one] repetition maximum [(] 1rm [ )( [press] at 45 ° [,] [(] iii [ )( discontinuous exercise test on a cycle ergometer ( det - c ) protocol [and] ( iv ) [a] resistance exercise leg press ( det - l ) protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 males
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 underwent
1 fourteen 11 males
2 elderly 7 years
2 elderly 8 )
2 elderly 11 males
3 ( 7 years
4 70 7 years
5 ± 7 years
6 4 7 years
7 years 8 )
9 apparently 10 healthy
10 healthy 11 males
11 males 12 underwent
12 underwent 22 test
12 underwent 23 on
13 the 22 test
14 following 15 tests
15 tests 22 test
20 )(incremental 21 ramp
21 ramp 22 test
23 on 34 1rm
24 cycle 32 maximum
25 ergometer 26 ,
25 ergometer 32 maximum
28 ii 29 )
28 ii 32 maximum
31 repetition 32 maximum
32 maximum 34 1rm
34 1rm 38 at
38 at 48 test
39 45 40 °
40 ° 43 iii
43 iii 48 test
46 discontinuous 47 exercise
47 exercise 48 test
48 test 49 on
49 on 58 protocol
50 a 58 protocol
51 cycle 58 protocol
52 ergometer 55 -
52 ergometer 57 )
52 ergometer 58 protocol
53 ( 55 -
54 det 55 -
55 - 56 c
55 - 57 )
58 protocol 67 press
60 ( 67 press
61 iv 62 )
61 iv 66 leg
64 resistance 66 leg
65 exercise 66 leg
66 leg 67 press
67 press 73 protocol
67 press 74 .
68 ( 73 protocol
69 det 71 l
69 det 73 protocol
70 - 71 l
71 l 72 )
73 protocol 74 .

heart rate , blood pressure and bl were obtained during each increment of exercise [intensity] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 heart 2 rate
3 , 6 and
3 , 9 obtained
4 blood 5 pressure
5 pressure 6 and
6 and 7 bl
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 obtained
9 obtained 10 during
10 during 12 increment
11 each 12 increment
12 increment 13 of
13 of 14 exercise

no significant differences ( p>0·05 ) were found [between] methods of at determination ( bl and hrv ) nor the relative intensity corresponding to at ( 30 % of maximum intensity ) between the types of exercise ( det - c and det - l ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 5 p>0·05
3 differences 7 were
4 ( 5 p>0·05
5 p>0·05 6 )
7 were 8 found
8 found 19 nor
10 methods 11 of
10 methods 19 nor
11 of 13 determination
12 at 13 determination
13 determination 16 and
14 ( 16 and
15 bl 16 and
16 and 17 hrv
16 and 18 )
19 nor 22 intensity
20 the 22 intensity
21 relative 22 intensity
22 intensity 23 corresponding
23 corresponding 24 to
23 corresponding 33 between
24 to 25 at
25 at 28 %
26 ( 28 %
27 30 28 %
28 % 29 of
28 % 32 )
29 of 31 intensity
30 maximum 31 intensity
33 between 42 and
34 the 35 types
35 types 36 of
35 types 42 and
36 of 37 exercise
37 exercise 40 -
38 ( 40 -
39 det 40 -
40 - 41 c
42 and 43 det
42 and 47 .
43 det 45 l
44 - 45 l
45 l 46 )

furthermore , no significant differences ( p>0·05 ) were found between the det - [c] and det - l in relation to hrv , however , the det - l provided higher values of systolic blood pressure and bl ( p<0·05 ) from the intensity corresponding to at . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 7 p>0·05
5 differences 9 were
6 ( 7 p>0·05
7 p>0·05 8 )
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 between
10 found 19 l
10 found 20 in
10 found 22 to
10 found 25 however
11 between 16 and
12 the 13 det
13 det 16 and
14 - 16 and
16 and 17 det
16 and 18 -
20 in 21 relation
22 to 23 hrv
24 , 25 however
25 however 26 ,
26 , 28 det
26 , 29 -
27 the 28 det
29 - 30 l
29 - 31 provided
30 l 31 provided
31 provided 33 values
31 provided 43 from
32 higher 33 values
33 values 34 of
34 of 38 and
35 systolic 37 pressure
36 blood 37 pressure
37 pressure 38 and
38 and 39 bl
38 and 41 p<0·05
40 ( 41 p<0·05
41 p<0·05 42 )
43 from 45 intensity
44 the 45 intensity
45 intensity 46 corresponding
46 corresponding 47 to
47 to 48 at

we conclude that hrv was effective in determination of at , and the parasympathetic modulation responses obtained during dynamic and resistive exercise protocols were similar when compared at the same relative intensity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 4 hrv
3 that 5 was
4 hrv 5 was
5 was 6 effective
6 effective 7 in
7 in 8 determination
8 determination 9 of
9 of 10 at
11 , 12 and
12 and 16 responses
12 and 24 were
13 the 16 responses
14 parasympathetic 15 modulation
15 modulation 16 responses
16 responses 17 obtained
16 responses 18 during
16 responses 24 were
18 during 23 protocols
19 dynamic 20 and
20 and 21 resistive
20 and 23 protocols
22 exercise 23 protocols
24 were 25 similar
25 similar 26 when
25 similar 28 at
26 when 27 compared
28 at 32 intensity
29 the 30 same
30 same 32 intensity
31 relative 32 intensity

however , det - l resulted in higher values of blood pressure and bl at workloads beyond at . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 l
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 l
2 , 3 det
3 det 4 -
3 det 5 l
5 l 6 resulted
6 resulted 7 in
6 resulted 15 at
6 resulted 17 beyond
7 in 9 values
8 higher 9 values
9 values 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 blood 12 pressure
12 pressure 13 and
13 and 14 bl
15 at 16 workloads
17 beyond 18 at

abstract survival for patients with multiple myeloma has increased during the first decade of the 21st century . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 abstract 2 survival
2 survival 3 for
2 survival 8 has
3 for 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
5 with 7 myeloma
6 multiple 7 myeloma
8 has 9 increased
9 increased 10 during
10 during 13 decade
11 the 12 first
11 the 13 decade
13 decade 14 of
14 of 17 century
15 the 17 century
16 21st 17 century

however , it is unknown whether the improvements in survival have extended equally in all ethnic groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 unknown
5 unknown 6 whether
6 whether 8 improvements
6 whether 12 extended
7 the 8 improvements
8 improvements 9 in
8 improvements 11 have
9 in 10 survival
11 have 12 extended
12 extended 13 equally
12 extended 14 in
14 in 17 groups
15 all 17 groups
16 ethnic 17 groups

using data from the united states surveillance , epidemiology and end results program , we assessed trends in survival and disease - related mortality for patients with myeloma by ethnic [group] , including [non] - hispanic whites ( nhw ) , african - americans [(] aa [ )(, hispanics and people of asian and pacific islander descent ( api ) from 1998 - 2001 to 2006 - 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 using 2 data
2 data 3 from
2 data 8 ,
3 from 7 surveillance
4 the 7 surveillance
5 united 6 states
6 states 7 surveillance
8 , 9 epidemiology
8 , 10 and
10 and 13 program
10 and 14 ,
10 and 15 we
10 and 16 assessed
11 end 12 results
12 results 13 program
15 we 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 trends
17 trends 18 in
17 trends 25 for
18 in 24 mortality
19 survival 20 and
20 and 21 disease
20 and 23 related
20 and 24 mortality
22 - 23 related
25 for 26 patients
26 patients 27 with
26 patients 29 by
27 with 28 myeloma
29 by 37 whites
30 ethnic 35 -
30 ethnic 37 whites
32 , 35 -
33 including 35 -
35 - 36 hispanic
37 whites 39 nhw
37 whites 43 -
38 ( 39 nhw
39 nhw 40 )
41 , 43 -
42 african 43 -
43 - 50 and
44 americans 46 aa
46 aa 48 )(,
48 )(, 49 hispanics
48 )(, 50 and
50 and 51 people
50 and 60 )
50 and 61 from
51 people 52 of
52 of 54 and
53 asian 54 and
54 and 57 descent
54 and 59 api
55 pacific 56 islander
56 islander 57 descent
58 ( 59 api
59 api 60 )
61 from 62 1998
62 1998 64 2001
63 - 64 2001
64 2001 65 to
64 2001 68 2009
64 2001 69 .
65 to 66 2006
67 - 68 2009
68 2009 69 .

overall , age adjusted 5 - year relative survival increased , from 35.6 % in 1998 - 2001 to 44 % in 2006 - 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 , 3 age
2 , 4 adjusted
3 age 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 5 5
4 adjusted 17 -
4 adjusted 19 to
5 5 9 survival
6 - 9 survival
7 year 9 survival
8 relative 9 survival
9 survival 10 increased
9 survival 11 ,
12 from 17 -
13 35.6 15 in
13 35.6 17 -
14 % 15 in
15 in 16 1998
17 - 18 2001
19 to 21 %
20 44 21 %
21 % 22 in
22 in 24 -
23 2006 24 -
24 - 25 2009

the greatest improvements were observed for patients aged 15 - 49 , for whom survival increased by + 16.8 % units for nhw and + 14.4 % units for aa , [whereas] improvement was less pronounced and not statistically significant in hispanics and api . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
1 the 2 greatest
2 greatest 3 improvements
2 greatest 4 were
2 greatest 5 observed
3 improvements 4 were
5 observed 6 for
6 for 7 patients
7 patients 8 aged
7 patients 11 49
8 aged 9 15
10 - 11 49
11 49 13 for
11 49 45 .
12 , 13 for
13 for 14 whom
13 for 15 survival
13 for 16 increased
13 for 45 .
15 survival 16 increased
16 increased 17 by
16 increased 37 and
16 increased 41 in
17 by 20 %
18 + 19 16.8
19 16.8 20 %
21 units 22 for
21 units 37 and
22 for 24 and
22 for 33 improvement
22 for 34 was
23 nhw 24 and
24 and 28 units
25 + 26 14.4
26 14.4 27 %
27 % 28 units
29 for 30 aa
29 for 31 ,
29 for 33 improvement
33 improvement 34 was
34 was 36 pronounced
35 less 36 pronounced
37 and 38 not
37 and 40 significant
39 statistically 40 significant
41 in 43 and
42 hispanics 43 and
43 and 44 api

excess mortality hazard ratios were 1.20 ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] : 1.09 - 1.33 ) for aa [and] 1.25 ( 95 % ci : 1.11 - 1.41 ) for hispanics compared to nhw in 2006 - 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 nhw
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 excess 4 ratios
2 mortality 3 hazard
3 hazard 4 ratios
4 ratios 5 were
5 were 6 1.20
5 were 20 for
5 were 33 for
6 1.20 8 95
7 ( 8 95
8 95 10 confidence
8 95 15 :
8 95 19 )
9 % 10 confidence
10 confidence 13 ci
10 confidence 15 :
12 [ 13 ci
13 ci 14 ]
15 : 17 -
16 1.09 17 -
17 - 18 1.33
20 for 21 aa
21 aa 23 1.25
21 aa 26 %
24 ( 26 %
25 95 26 %
26 % 27 ci
26 % 28 :
26 % 32 )
27 ci 28 :
28 : 30 -
29 1.11 30 -
30 - 31 1.41
33 for 34 hispanics
34 hispanics 35 compared
35 compared 36 to
36 to 37 nhw
37 nhw 38 in
38 in 39 2006
40 - 41 2009

although survival increased greatly for nhw with myeloma between 1998 - 2001 and 2006 - 2009 , smaller increases were observed for people of other ethnic groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 2 survival
1 although 19 increases
2 survival 3 increased
2 survival 13 and
3 increased 4 greatly
3 increased 5 for
3 increased 7 with
3 increased 9 between
5 for 6 nhw
7 with 8 myeloma
9 between 10 1998
11 - 13 and
12 2001 13 and
13 and 14 2006
13 and 16 2009
13 and 17 ,
15 - 16 2009
16 2009 17 ,
18 smaller 19 increases
19 increases 20 were
20 were 21 observed
21 observed 22 for
22 for 23 people
23 people 24 of
24 of 27 groups
25 other 27 groups
26 ethnic 27 groups

persistent excess mortality was seen for aa and hispanic patients with myeloma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 persistent 3 mortality
2 excess 3 mortality
3 mortality 4 was
4 was 5 seen
5 seen 6 for
5 seen 11 with
6 for 8 and
7 aa 8 and
8 and 10 patients
9 hispanic 10 patients
11 with 12 myeloma

ethnic inequalities persisted or even increased from earlier periods to 2006 - 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inequalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 ethnic 2 inequalities
2 inequalities 4 or
3 persisted 4 or
4 or 6 increased
4 or 7 from
4 or 10 to
5 even 6 increased
7 from 9 periods
8 earlier 9 periods
10 to 12 -
11 2006 12 -
12 - 13 2009

the results suggest that ethnic minorities may not have benefited from newer treatments to the same extent as nhw patients have . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 minorities
3 suggest 10 benefited
4 that 5 ethnic
5 ethnic 6 minorities
6 minorities 7 may
7 may 8 not
7 may 9 have
9 have 10 benefited
10 benefited 11 from
10 benefited 14 to
10 benefited 18 as
11 from 13 treatments
12 newer 13 treatments
14 to 17 extent
15 the 16 same
16 same 17 extent
18 as 20 patients
18 as 21 have
19 nhw 20 patients
20 patients 21 have

methods : normal human nucleus pulposus tissues were harvested for culture and identification of npcs from 6 patients with burst lumbar vertebra fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 tissues
2 : 23 fracture
2 : 24 .
3 normal 7 tissues
4 human 6 pulposus
5 nucleus 6 pulposus
6 pulposus 7 tissues
7 tissues 8 were
8 were 9 harvested
9 harvested 10 for
10 for 12 and
11 culture 12 and
12 and 13 identification
12 and 14 of
12 and 23 fracture
14 of 15 npcs
15 npcs 16 from
16 from 18 patients
17 6 18 patients
18 patients 19 with
19 with 22 vertebra
20 burst 22 vertebra
21 lumbar 22 vertebra

npcs at passages 1 , 3 , 5 , and [7] in the in [-] vitro monolayer culture were harvested to observe the morphology , cell aging , and proteoglycan expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 npcs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 harvested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 npcs 10 and
1 npcs 19 were
2 at 3 passages
2 at 10 and
3 passages 4 1
3 passages 6 3
3 passages 8 5
5 , 6 3
6 3 7 ,
7 , 8 5
8 5 9 ,
10 and 12 in
12 in 18 culture
13 the 18 culture
14 in 16 vitro
16 vitro 17 monolayer
17 monolayer 18 culture
19 were 20 harvested
20 harvested 21 to
21 to 22 observe
22 observe 29 and
23 the 29 and
24 morphology 25 ,
25 , 27 aging
25 , 29 and
26 cell 27 aging
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 expression
30 proteoglycan 31 expression

the cell proliferation rates of npcs at passage 1 in - [vitro] in monolayer culture and in 3 - d alginate microsphere culture were detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 monolayer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 4 rates
2 cell 4 rates
3 proliferation 4 rates
4 rates 5 of
4 rates 14 monolayer
5 of 6 npcs
6 npcs 7 at
7 at 8 passage
8 passage 9 1
8 passage 10 in
10 in 13 in
11 - 13 in
14 monolayer 15 culture
16 and 23 culture
16 and 25 detected
17 in 22 microsphere
17 in 23 culture
18 3 19 -
19 - 20 d
19 - 22 microsphere
21 alginate 22 microsphere
23 culture 24 were
24 were 25 detected

after corresponding treatment , western [blot] was used for determining the protein expressions of sirt1 , aggrecan , and collagen type ii ; real - time fluorescence quantitative pcr was used for detecting sirt1 mrna expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 western
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 after 3 treatment
1 after 4 ,
1 after 5 western
2 corresponding 3 treatment
5 western 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 for
9 for 21 type
10 determining 21 type
11 the 13 expressions
12 protein 13 expressions
13 expressions 14 of
13 expressions 19 and
14 of 15 sirt1
15 sirt1 17 aggrecan
16 , 17 aggrecan
17 aggrecan 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 collagen
19 and 21 type
21 type 22 ii
23 ; 29 pcr
24 real 25 -
24 real 29 pcr
26 time 27 fluorescence
27 fluorescence 29 pcr
28 quantitative 29 pcr
29 pcr 30 was
30 was 31 used
31 used 32 for
32 for 33 detecting
33 detecting 36 expression
34 sirt1 36 expression
35 mrna 36 expression

results : the cultured cells were identified to be npcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 cells
2 : 9 be
2 : 11 .
3 the 5 cells
4 cultured 5 cells
5 cells 6 were
6 were 7 identified
7 identified 8 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 npcs

npcs in 3 - d alginate microsphere culture showed significantly lower proliferation rate than npcs in the in [-] vitro monolayer culture ( p < 0.05 [ )( but [it] could significantly improve the protein expressions of collagen type ii and [aggrecan] [in] dedifferentiated npcs , showing significantly difference between groups e [and] a ( p < 0.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 culture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
1 npcs 8 culture
2 in 6 alginate
2 in 8 culture
3 3 4 -
4 - 5 d
4 - 6 alginate
7 microsphere 8 culture
8 culture 9 showed
9 showed 10 significantly
9 showed 13 rate
9 showed 14 than
11 lower 13 rate
12 proliferation 13 rate
14 than 15 npcs
15 npcs 16 in
16 in 22 culture
17 the 22 culture
18 in 20 vitro
20 vitro 21 monolayer
21 monolayer 22 culture
22 culture 25 <
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.05
26 0.05 29 but
29 but 41 and
31 could 33 improve
31 could 41 and
32 significantly 33 improve
33 improve 36 expressions
34 the 36 expressions
35 protein 36 expressions
36 expressions 37 of
37 of 39 type
38 collagen 39 type
39 type 40 ii
41 and 44 dedifferentiated
41 and 47 showing
44 dedifferentiated 45 npcs
46 , 47 showing
47 showing 48 significantly
47 showing 49 difference
47 showing 57 <
49 difference 50 between
50 between 51 groups
51 groups 52 e
54 a 57 <
55 ( 57 <
56 p 57 <
57 < 58 0.05
57 < 60 )(

the protein expressions of sirt1 , collagen type ii , and aggrecan in group b were significantly improved when compared with that in group a ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 expressions
2 protein 3 expressions
3 expressions 4 of
3 expressions 6 ,
4 of 5 sirt1
6 , 8 type
6 , 11 and
7 collagen 8 type
8 type 9 ii
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 aggrecan
11 and 13 in
11 and 16 were
13 in 14 group
14 group 15 b
16 were 18 improved
17 significantly 18 improved
18 improved 19 when
19 when 20 compared
20 compared 21 with
20 compared 23 in
21 with 22 that
23 in 24 group
24 group 25 a
24 group 28 <
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.05
28 < 30 )

real - time fluorescence quantitative pcr and western blot showed that the expressions of sirt1 mrna and proteins in group c were significantly inhibited [after] transfected with sirt1 - sirna when compared with those in groups b and [d] [(] p [<] [0.05] ) , and the protein expressions of collagen type ii and aggrecan in group c were significantly lower than those in groups b [and] d ( p < 0.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 real 2 -
1 real 4 fluorescence
3 time 4 fluorescence
4 fluorescence 6 pcr
5 quantitative 6 pcr
6 pcr 7 and
7 and 8 western
7 and 9 blot
7 and 10 showed
9 blot 10 showed
10 showed 11 that
10 showed 13 expressions
12 the 13 expressions
13 expressions 14 of
14 of 15 sirt1
15 sirt1 17 and
15 sirt1 22 were
15 sirt1 24 inhibited
15 sirt1 26 transfected
16 mrna 17 and
17 and 18 proteins
17 and 19 in
17 and 22 were
19 in 20 group
20 group 21 c
22 were 23 significantly
26 transfected 27 with
26 transfected 29 -
26 transfected 30 sirna
27 with 28 sirt1
30 sirna 31 when
30 sirna 33 with
30 sirna 35 in
31 when 32 compared
33 with 34 those
35 in 46 and
36 groups 37 b
36 groups 38 and
38 and 41 p
38 and 44 )
38 and 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 49 expressions
46 and 50 of
47 the 49 expressions
48 protein 49 expressions
50 of 51 collagen
51 collagen 54 and
51 collagen 59 were
52 type 53 ii
52 type 54 and
54 and 55 aggrecan
54 and 56 in
54 and 59 were
56 in 57 group
57 group 58 c
59 were 60 significantly
59 were 61 lower
59 were 62 than
62 than 63 those
63 those 64 in
63 those 71 <
64 in 65 groups
65 groups 66 b
68 d 71 <
69 ( 71 <
70 p 71 <
71 < 72 0.05
71 < 74 )(

conclusion : continuous in [-] vitro monolayer culture could efficiently cultivate numerous [seeding] npcs , but it is liable to dedifferentiate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 culture
2 : 11 cultivate
2 : 16 but
2 : 21 dedifferentiate
2 : 22 .
3 continuous 8 culture
4 in 6 vitro
6 vitro 7 monolayer
7 monolayer 8 culture
8 culture 9 could
9 could 11 cultivate
10 efficiently 11 cultivate
11 cultivate 14 npcs
12 numerous 14 npcs
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 it
16 but 18 is
17 it 18 is
18 is 19 liable
19 liable 20 to
19 liable 21 dedifferentiate
20 to 21 dedifferentiate

in 3 - d alginate microsphere culture , res could restore the phenotype of dedifferentiated npcs and [synthesize] more extracellular matrix , which is related to the regulation of sirt1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 res
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 restore
1 in 7 culture
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 res
2 3 3 -
3 - 4 d
3 - 7 culture
5 alginate 7 culture
6 microsphere 7 culture
9 res 10 could
10 could 11 restore
11 restore 13 phenotype
12 the 13 phenotype
13 phenotype 14 of
13 phenotype 23 which
14 of 17 and
15 dedifferentiated 16 npcs
16 npcs 17 and
17 and 21 matrix
19 more 20 extracellular
20 extracellular 21 matrix
22 , 23 which
23 which 24 is
23 which 31 .
24 is 25 related
25 related 26 to
26 to 28 regulation
27 the 28 regulation
28 regulation 29 of
29 of 30 sirt1

results of combined ultrasound scanning for estimation of acoustic lens density and biometric relations [of] lens and other eye structures are presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 17 and
2 of 4 ultrasound
3 combined 4 ultrasound
4 ultrasound 5 scanning
4 ultrasound 8 of
5 scanning 6 for
6 for 7 estimation
8 of 12 and
9 acoustic 10 lens
10 lens 11 density
11 density 12 and
12 and 16 lens
13 biometric 14 relations
14 relations 16 lens
17 and 20 structures
17 and 21 are
18 other 20 structures
19 eye 20 structures
21 are 22 presented

a group of 124 patients ( 189 eyes ) was studied ; they were subdivided depending on age and length of anteroposterior axis of the eye . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 group
2 group 3 of
2 group 8 eyes
2 group 10 was
3 of 5 patients
4 124 5 patients
6 ( 8 eyes
7 189 8 eyes
8 eyes 9 )
10 was 11 studied
12 ; 13 they
12 ; 14 were
13 they 14 were
14 were 16 depending
15 subdivided 16 depending
16 depending 17 on
16 depending 21 of
17 on 19 and
18 age 19 and
19 and 20 length
21 of 23 axis
22 anteroposterior 23 axis
23 axis 24 of
24 of 26 eye
25 the 26 eye

examination algorithm [was] developed that [allows] selective estimation of acoustic density of different lens zones and biometric measurements including [volumetric] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 examination 4 developed
2 algorithm 4 developed
4 developed 8 estimation
5 that 7 selective
7 selective 8 estimation
8 estimation 9 of
8 estimation 16 and
9 of 11 density
10 acoustic 11 density
11 density 12 of
12 of 15 zones
13 different 14 lens
14 lens 15 zones
16 and 19 including
17 biometric 18 measurements
18 measurements 19 including

age - related increase [of] acoustic density of different lens zones [was] revealed that indirectly shows method efficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 related
2 - 3 related
3 related 7 density
3 related 19 .
4 increase 7 density
6 acoustic 7 density
7 density 8 of
7 density 14 that
7 density 16 shows
8 of 11 zones
9 different 10 lens
10 lens 11 zones
11 zones 13 revealed
14 that 16 shows
15 indirectly 16 shows
16 shows 17 method
16 shows 18 efficiency

biometric studies showed almost concurring volumetric lens measurements in " normal " and " short " eyes in spite of significantly thicker central zone [of] [the] latter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 biometric 2 studies
2 studies 3 showed
3 showed 4 almost
3 showed 8 measurements
4 almost 5 concurring
6 volumetric 8 measurements
7 lens 8 measurements
8 measurements 9 in
8 measurements 20 of
9 in 10 "
9 in 17 eyes
11 normal 12 "
11 normal 13 and
13 and 14 "
13 and 15 short
13 and 17 eyes
15 short 16 "
17 eyes 18 in
18 in 19 spite
20 of 27 latter
21 significantly 22 thicker
22 thicker 24 zone
23 central 24 zone
24 zone 27 latter

significantly lower correlation [between] anterior chamber volume and width of its angle was revealed in " short " eyes and " normal " and " long " eyes ( correlation coefficients 0.37 , 0.68 and 0.63 [respectively] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 significantly 2 lower
2 lower 7 volume
3 correlation 7 volume
5 anterior 6 chamber
6 chamber 7 volume
8 and 9 width
8 and 14 revealed
9 width 10 of
9 width 13 was
10 of 12 angle
11 its 12 angle
13 was 14 revealed
14 revealed 15 in
15 in 16 "
15 in 20 and
17 short 18 "
17 short 19 eyes
19 eyes 20 and
20 and 21 "
20 and 28 eyes
20 and 31 coefficients
20 and 35 and
22 normal 23 "
22 normal 24 and
24 and 25 "
24 and 26 long
24 and 28 eyes
26 long 27 "
29 ( 31 coefficients
30 correlation 31 coefficients
31 coefficients 32 0.37
31 coefficients 33 ,
33 , 35 and
34 0.68 35 and
35 and 36 0.63
35 and 38 )

none [background] : previous studies have revealed that amyloid depositions exist in not only the hippocampus but in other subcortical gray matter structures [as] well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 5 studies
3 : 7 revealed
3 : 13 not
3 : 26 .
4 previous 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 revealed
7 revealed 9 amyloid
8 that 9 amyloid
9 amyloid 10 depositions
9 amyloid 12 in
10 depositions 11 exist
11 exist 12 in
13 not 14 only
13 not 16 hippocampus
13 not 23 structures
15 the 16 hippocampus
16 hippocampus 17 but
16 hippocampus 23 structures
17 but 18 in
18 in 22 matter
19 other 22 matter
20 subcortical 22 matter
21 gray 22 matter
23 structures 25 well

diffusion - tensor [imaging] ( dti ) parameters might be more sensitive measures of early degeneration in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) than conventional magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) [techniques] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 diffusion 2 -
1 diffusion 8 parameters
3 tensor 6 dti
3 tensor 8 parameters
5 ( 6 dti
6 dti 7 )
8 parameters 9 might
9 might 10 be
10 be 13 measures
10 be 24 than
11 more 13 measures
12 sensitive 13 measures
13 measures 14 of
13 measures 22 ad
14 of 16 degeneration
15 early 16 degeneration
16 degeneration 17 in
17 in 20 disease
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease
21 ( 22 ad
22 ad 23 )
24 than 28 imaging
25 conventional 27 resonance
26 magnetic 27 resonance
27 resonance 28 imaging
28 imaging 30 mri
29 ( 30 mri
30 mri 31 )

purpose : to evaluate the significance of the volumes and the mean diffusivity ( md ) values of subcortical gray matter structures in discrimination between early - stage ad and normal subjects using the integrated registration and segmentation tool in fmrib 's software library . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 significance
4 evaluate 42 's
5 the 6 significance
6 significance 7 of
6 significance 18 of
6 significance 42 's
7 of 17 values
8 the 17 values
9 volumes 10 and
10 and 13 diffusivity
10 and 15 md
10 and 17 values
11 the 13 diffusivity
12 mean 13 diffusivity
14 ( 15 md
15 md 16 )
18 of 30 and
19 subcortical 21 matter
20 gray 21 matter
21 matter 22 structures
22 structures 23 in
22 structures 30 and
23 in 24 discrimination
24 discrimination 25 between
25 between 29 ad
26 early 27 -
26 early 29 ad
28 stage 29 ad
30 and 32 subjects
31 normal 32 subjects
32 subjects 33 using
32 subjects 40 in
33 using 39 tool
34 the 39 tool
35 integrated 36 registration
36 registration 37 and
37 and 38 segmentation
38 segmentation 39 tool
40 in 41 fmrib
42 's 44 library
43 software 44 library

material and methods : fifty - three cases of early - stage ad and 30 normal aging volunteers from two hospitals were scanned with 3 d - fspgrir and ssse - epi sequences using two similar 1.5 t mr systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 14 and
4 : 27 -
5 fifty 6 -
6 - 7 three
6 - 8 cases
8 cases 9 of
8 cases 14 and
9 of 13 ad
10 early 11 -
10 early 13 ad
12 stage 13 ad
14 and 18 volunteers
14 and 23 scanned
14 and 24 with
15 30 18 volunteers
16 normal 18 volunteers
17 aging 18 volunteers
18 volunteers 19 from
19 from 20 two
20 two 21 hospitals
20 two 22 were
21 hospitals 22 were
24 with 26 d
25 3 26 d
27 - 29 and
28 fspgrir 29 and
29 and 33 sequences
29 and 34 using
30 ssse 32 epi
31 - 32 epi
32 epi 33 sequences
34 using 40 systems
35 two 40 systems
36 similar 40 systems
37 1.5 38 t
38 t 40 systems
39 mr 40 systems

the mean relative volumes and mean md values of subcortical gray matter structures were compared between early - stage ad and control groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 volumes
2 mean 4 volumes
3 relative 4 volumes
4 volumes 5 and
5 and 8 values
5 and 9 of
5 and 21 and
6 mean 8 values
7 md 8 values
9 of 13 structures
10 subcortical 11 gray
11 gray 12 matter
12 matter 13 structures
14 were 15 compared
14 were 21 and
15 compared 16 between
16 between 20 ad
17 early 18 -
17 early 20 ad
19 stage 20 ad
21 and 22 control
22 control 23 groups

binary logistic regression analysis and receiver - operating characteristic ( roc ) curves were applied to assess the diagnostic significance of every structure 's relative volume , md value , and combination of both . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 binary 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 and
5 and 6 receiver
5 and 7 -
5 and 8 operating
5 and 13 curves
5 and 17 assess
5 and 31 and
9 characteristic 11 roc
9 characteristic 12 )
9 characteristic 13 curves
10 ( 11 roc
11 roc 12 )
13 curves 14 were
14 were 15 applied
15 applied 16 to
16 to 17 assess
17 assess 20 significance
18 the 20 significance
19 diagnostic 20 significance
20 significance 21 of
20 significance 29 value
21 of 26 volume
22 every 23 structure
23 structure 24 's
24 's 26 volume
25 relative 26 volume
27 , 29 value
28 md 29 value
29 value 30 ,
31 and 32 combination
31 and 33 of
33 of 34 both

results : the relative volumes of the left hippocampus , right amygdala , bilateral thalamus , right caudate , left putamen , and bilateral pallidum were significantly lower in the early - stage ad group than in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 volumes
3 the 5 volumes
4 relative 5 volumes
5 volumes 6 of
6 of 9 hippocampus
7 the 9 hippocampus
8 left 9 hippocampus
10 , 11 right
10 , 26 were
11 right 26 were
12 amygdala 13 ,
13 , 15 thalamus
13 , 16 ,
14 bilateral 15 thalamus
16 , 18 caudate
16 , 19 ,
17 right 18 caudate
19 , 21 putamen
19 , 23 and
20 left 21 putamen
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 pallidum
23 and 26 were
24 bilateral 25 pallidum
26 were 27 significantly
26 were 28 lower
28 lower 29 in
28 lower 36 than
29 in 35 group
30 the 35 group
31 early 32 -
31 early 35 group
33 stage 35 group
34 ad 35 group
36 than 37 in
37 in 40 group
38 the 40 group
39 control 40 group
40 group 43 <
41 ( 43 <
42 p 43 <
43 < 44 0.05
43 < 45 )

the md values of the bilateral hippocampus and pallidum , and [of] the right thalamus and caudate were significantly elevated in the early - stage ad group ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 values
2 md 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 8 and
4 of 7 hippocampus
5 the 7 hippocampus
6 bilateral 7 hippocampus
8 and 9 pallidum
10 , 11 and
11 and 16 and
11 and 20 elevated
13 the 15 thalamus
14 right 15 thalamus
15 thalamus 16 and
16 and 17 caudate
16 and 18 were
18 were 20 elevated
19 significantly 20 elevated
20 elevated 21 in
20 elevated 30 <
21 in 27 group
22 the 27 group
23 early 24 -
23 early 25 stage
25 stage 27 group
26 ad 27 group
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.05
30 < 32 )

in binary logistic regression analysis , the relative volume of left hippocampus and age entered the final model of volumetric analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 entered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 4 regression
1 in 13 and
2 binary 4 regression
3 logistic 4 regression
5 analysis 6 ,
6 , 12 hippocampus
6 , 13 and
7 the 9 volume
8 relative 9 volume
9 volume 10 of
9 volume 12 hippocampus
10 of 12 hippocampus
11 left 12 hippocampus
13 and 14 age
13 and 15 entered
15 entered 18 model
16 the 18 model
17 final 18 model
18 model 19 of
19 of 21 analysis
20 volumetric 21 analysis

the md values of bilateral hippocampi and pallidums entered the final model of md analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 entered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 values
2 md 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 9 entered
4 of 7 and
5 bilateral 6 hippocampi
6 hippocampi 7 and
7 and 8 pallidums
9 entered 12 model
10 the 12 model
11 final 12 model
12 model 13 of
13 of 15 analysis
14 md 15 analysis

the md values of bilateral hippocampi and pallidums , and the relative volume of left pallidum , entered the final model of combination analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 values
2 md 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 7 and
4 of 6 hippocampi
5 bilateral 6 hippocampi
7 and 8 pallidums
7 and 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 volume
10 and 14 of
11 the 13 volume
12 relative 13 volume
14 of 17 ,
15 left 16 pallidum
15 left 17 ,
17 , 18 entered
18 entered 21 model
19 the 21 model
20 final 21 model
21 model 22 of
22 of 24 analysis
23 combination 24 analysis

the accuracy of three models was 84.7 % , 88.9 % , [and] 93.1 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 accuracy
2 accuracy 3 of
2 accuracy 6 was
3 of 5 models
4 three 5 models
6 was 8 %
6 was 17 respectively
7 84.7 8 %
8 % 11 %
8 % 15 %
9 , 11 %
10 88.9 11 %
11 % 12 ,
12 , 15 %
14 93.1 15 %
15 % 16 ,

conclusion : pathological changes [takes] place in the hippocampus and other subcortical gray matter structures in early - stage ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 pathological
2 : 4 changes
3 pathological 4 changes
4 changes 10 and
6 place 7 in
6 place 10 and
7 in 9 hippocampus
8 the 9 hippocampus
10 and 15 structures
10 and 16 in
11 other 15 structures
12 subcortical 13 gray
13 gray 14 matter
14 matter 15 structures
16 in 20 ad
17 early 18 -
17 early 19 stage
19 stage 20 ad

diffusive imaging has great diagnostic significance in early - stage ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 diffusive 2 imaging
2 imaging 3 has
3 has 6 significance
3 has 7 in
4 great 6 significance
5 diagnostic 6 significance
7 in 11 ad
8 early 9 -
8 early 10 stage
10 stage 11 ad

the combination of both imaging modalities can lead to better discrimination between early - stage ad and normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 better
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 combination
2 combination 3 of
2 combination 7 can
3 of 4 both
4 both 5 imaging
5 imaging 6 modalities
7 can 8 lead
8 lead 9 to
9 to 10 better
10 better 11 discrimination
10 better 12 between
12 between 17 and
13 early 14 -
13 early 15 stage
15 stage 16 ad
16 ad 17 and
17 and 18 normal
17 and 19 aging

objectives : aging is a rising phenomenon globally and elder abuse is becoming increasingly recognized as a health and social problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 4 is
2 : 9 and
2 : 15 recognized
2 : 22 .
3 aging 4 is
4 is 7 phenomenon
4 is 8 globally
5 a 7 phenomenon
6 rising 7 phenomenon
9 and 11 abuse
9 and 12 is
10 elder 11 abuse
11 abuse 12 is
12 is 13 becoming
13 becoming 15 recognized
14 increasingly 15 recognized
15 recognized 16 as
16 as 21 problem
17 a 21 problem
18 health 19 and
19 and 20 social
19 and 21 problem

this review aimed to identify the prevalence of elder abuse in community settings , and discuss issues regarding measurement tools and strategies to measure elderly abuse by systematically reviewing all community - based studies conducted worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 aimed
2 review 21 and
3 aimed 4 to
4 to 15 and
5 identify 7 prevalence
5 identify 11 in
5 identify 15 and
6 the 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
8 of 10 abuse
9 elder 10 abuse
11 in 13 settings
12 community 13 settings
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 discuss
16 discuss 17 issues
17 issues 18 regarding
18 regarding 20 tools
19 measurement 20 tools
21 and 22 strategies
21 and 23 to
21 and 24 measure
21 and 31 community
23 to 24 measure
24 measure 26 abuse
24 measure 27 by
25 elderly 26 abuse
27 by 29 reviewing
28 systematically 29 reviewing
29 reviewing 30 all
32 - 34 studies
32 - 35 conducted
32 - 37 .
33 based 34 studies
34 studies 35 conducted
35 conducted 36 worldwide

method : articles on elder abuse from 1990 to 2011 were reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 : 3 articles
2 : 12 reviewed
3 articles 4 on
3 articles 11 were
4 on 6 abuse
5 elder 6 abuse
6 abuse 9 to
7 from 9 to
8 1990 9 to
9 to 10 2011
11 were 12 reviewed

a total of 1,832 articles referring to elders residing at home either in their own or at relatives ' houses were searched via cinahl and medline electronic databases , in addition to a hand search of the latest articles in geriatric textbooks and screening references , choosing a total of 26 articles for review . 
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 referring
2 total 21 were
3 of 5 articles
4 1,832 5 articles
6 referring 7 to
6 referring 10 at
7 to 8 elders
8 elders 9 residing
10 at 11 home
11 home 16 or
12 either 16 or
13 in 15 own
13 in 16 or
14 their 15 own
16 or 17 at
17 at 20 houses
18 relatives 19 '
19 ' 20 houses
21 were 22 searched
22 searched 23 via
22 searched 32 to
22 searched 40 in
23 via 25 and
24 cinahl 25 and
25 and 28 databases
25 and 29 ,
25 and 30 in
26 medline 28 databases
27 electronic 28 databases
30 in 31 addition
32 to 35 search
33 a 35 search
34 hand 35 search
35 search 36 of
36 of 39 articles
37 the 38 latest
37 the 39 articles
40 in 43 and
41 geriatric 42 textbooks
42 textbooks 43 and
43 and 45 references
43 and 47 choosing
44 screening 45 references
46 , 47 choosing
47 choosing 49 total
47 choosing 53 for
47 choosing 55 .
48 a 49 total
49 total 50 of
50 of 52 articles
51 26 52 articles
53 for 54 review

results : [highest] prevalence was reported in developed countries , with spain having 44.6 % overall prevalence of suspicion of abuse and developing countries exhibiting lower estimates , from 13.5 % to 28.8 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 6 reported
2 : 35 .
4 prevalence 5 was
5 was 6 reported
6 reported 7 in
6 reported 11 with
6 reported 29 from
6 reported 32 to
7 in 9 countries
8 developed 9 countries
10 , 11 with
11 with 12 spain
11 with 17 prevalence
11 with 28 ,
12 spain 13 having
13 having 15 %
14 44.6 15 %
16 overall 17 prevalence
17 prevalence 18 of
18 of 19 suspicion
19 suspicion 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 abuse 22 and
22 and 24 countries
22 and 28 ,
23 developing 24 countries
24 countries 25 exhibiting
25 exhibiting 27 estimates
26 lower 27 estimates
29 from 31 %
30 13.5 31 %
32 to 34 %
33 28.8 34 %

physical abuse was [among] the least encountered , with psychological abuse and financial exploitation being the most common types of maltreatment reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abuse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 encountered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 physical 2 abuse
2 abuse 3 was
3 was 6 least
3 was 7 encountered
5 the 6 least
8 , 15 being
8 , 22 reported
9 with 12 and
9 with 15 being
10 psychological 11 abuse
11 abuse 12 and
12 and 14 exploitation
13 financial 14 exploitation
15 being 21 maltreatment
15 being 22 reported
16 the 19 types
17 most 18 common
18 common 19 types
19 types 20 of
19 types 21 maltreatment
20 of 21 maltreatment

to date , there is no single gold standard test to ascertain abuse , with numerous tools and different methods employed in various studies , coupled with varying definitions of thresholds for age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 2 date
1 to 3 ,
1 to 4 there
4 there 5 is
5 is 10 test
5 is 11 to
5 is 32 for
6 no 10 test
7 single 10 test
8 gold 10 test
9 standard 10 test
11 to 12 ascertain
12 ascertain 13 abuse
12 ascertain 26 coupled
13 abuse 15 with
13 abuse 26 coupled
14 , 15 with
15 with 20 methods
15 with 25 ,
16 numerous 17 tools
17 tools 18 and
18 and 19 different
18 and 20 methods
20 methods 21 employed
21 employed 22 in
22 in 24 studies
23 various 24 studies
26 coupled 27 with
26 coupled 29 definitions
27 with 28 varying
29 definitions 30 of
30 of 31 thresholds
32 for 33 age

conclusion : current [evidences] show that elder abuse is a common problem in both developed and developing countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 8 abuse
2 : 9 is
3 current 8 abuse
5 show 8 abuse
6 that 7 elder
7 elder 8 abuse
8 abuse 9 is
9 is 16 and
10 a 12 problem
11 common 12 problem
12 problem 13 in
12 problem 16 and
13 in 14 both
14 both 15 developed
16 and 18 countries
17 developing 18 countries

it is important that social , health care , and legal systems take these findings into consideration in screening for abuse or reforming existing services to protect the health and welfare of the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 services
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 important
3 important 4 that
4 that 7 health
4 that 8 care
5 social 6 ,
5 social 7 health
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 systems
10 and 13 take
11 legal 12 systems
12 systems 13 take
13 take 15 findings
13 take 16 into
14 these 15 findings
16 into 17 consideration
17 consideration 18 in
17 consideration 24 existing
17 consideration 25 services
18 in 19 screening
19 screening 20 for
20 for 22 or
21 abuse 22 or
22 or 23 reforming
24 existing 25 services
25 services 26 to
26 to 27 protect
27 protect 30 and
28 the 30 and
29 health 30 and
30 and 31 welfare
30 and 32 of
32 of 34 elderly
33 the 34 elderly

background : immunoneutralization of elevated circulating levels of endogenous digitalis - like na/k - atpase inhibitors ( i.e [.] cardiotonic steroids ( cts ) ) represents a novel approach in the treatment of preeclampsia ( pe ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 immunoneutralization
2 : 26 represents
3 immunoneutralization 4 of
3 immunoneutralization 26 represents
4 of 7 levels
5 elevated 7 levels
6 circulating 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
8 of 10 digitalis
9 endogenous 10 digitalis
10 digitalis 12 like
10 digitalis 16 inhibitors
11 - 12 like
12 like 13 na/k
12 like 14 -
14 - 16 inhibitors
15 atpase 16 inhibitors
16 inhibitors 21 steroids
16 inhibitors 25 )
17 ( 21 steroids
18 i.e 21 steroids
20 cardiotonic 21 steroids
21 steroids 23 cts
21 steroids 25 )
22 ( 23 cts
23 cts 24 )
26 represents 29 approach
26 represents 30 in
27 a 28 novel
27 a 29 approach
28 novel 29 approach
30 in 32 treatment
31 the 32 treatment
32 treatment 33 of
33 of 34 preeclampsia
34 preeclampsia 36 pe
35 ( 36 pe
36 pe 37 )

recently we demonstrated that digifab ( fab fragments of affinity - purified ovine digoxin [antibody] ) restores pe - induced inhibition of na/k - [atpase] in erythrocytes ex vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 recently 2 we
2 we 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
4 that 5 digifab
4 that 17 restores
5 digifab 8 fragments
5 digifab 17 restores
6 ( 8 fragments
7 fab 8 fragments
8 fragments 9 of
8 fragments 16 )
9 of 10 affinity
10 affinity 14 digoxin
11 - 14 digoxin
12 purified 13 ovine
13 ovine 14 digoxin
14 digoxin 16 )
17 restores 18 pe
17 restores 26 in
17 restores 29 vivo
18 pe 21 inhibition
19 - 21 inhibition
20 induced 21 inhibition
21 inhibition 22 of
21 inhibition 24 -
22 of 23 na/k
26 in 27 erythrocytes
28 ex 29 vivo

previously magnesium ions were shown to antagonize digitalis - induced toxicity , which is mediated by na/k - atpase inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 previously 3 ions
2 magnesium 3 ions
3 ions 4 were
4 were 5 shown
5 shown 6 to
5 shown 20 inhibition
6 to 7 antagonize
7 antagonize 8 digitalis
8 digitalis 11 toxicity
9 - 11 toxicity
10 induced 11 toxicity
11 toxicity 13 which
11 toxicity 18 -
12 , 13 which
13 which 14 is
13 which 18 -
14 is 15 mediated
15 mediated 16 by
16 by 17 na/k
19 atpase 20 inhibition

we hypothesized that magnesium [sulfate] would potentiate the effect of digifab in the reversal of cts - induced na/k - atpase inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 4 magnesium
3 that 7 potentiate
4 magnesium 6 would
6 would 7 potentiate
7 potentiate 9 effect
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
9 effect 15 of
10 of 11 digifab
11 digifab 12 in
12 in 14 reversal
13 the 14 reversal
15 of 16 cts
16 cts 19 na/k
17 - 19 na/k
18 induced 19 na/k
19 na/k 20 -
20 - 22 inhibition
21 atpase 22 inhibition

methods : to test this hypothesis , we studied [the] ex vivo effect of digifab on na/k - atpase activity in erythrocytes from patients with pe in the absence and in the presence of 3 mmol/l magnesium [sulfate] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
2 : 7 ,
2 : 39 .
3 to 4 test
4 test 6 hypothesis
5 this 6 hypothesis
7 , 8 we
7 , 9 studied
7 , 18 -
8 we 9 studied
9 studied 12 vivo
9 studied 13 effect
9 studied 16 on
11 ex 12 vivo
13 effect 14 of
14 of 15 digifab
16 on 17 na/k
18 - 20 activity
19 atpase 20 activity
20 activity 21 in
20 activity 23 from
21 in 22 erythrocytes
23 from 24 patients
24 patients 30 and
25 with 26 pe
25 with 30 and
26 pe 27 in
27 in 29 absence
28 the 29 absence
30 and 31 in
31 in 33 presence
32 the 33 presence
33 presence 34 of
34 of 37 magnesium
35 3 36 mmol/l
36 mmol/l 37 magnesium

ex vivo , digifab ( 1 µg/ml ) restored erythrocyte na/k - atpase activity ( 1.72 ± 0.13 [µmol] pi/ml/h [;] p < 0.01 ) , and 3 mmol magnesium [sulfate] potentiated the effect of digifab ( 2.30 ± 0.20 [µmol] pi/ml/h [;] p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 digifab
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 restored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 ex 2 vivo
2 vivo 3 ,
2 vivo 4 digifab
4 digifab 7 µg/ml
4 digifab 9 restored
5 ( 7 µg/ml
6 1 7 µg/ml
7 µg/ml 8 )
9 restored 11 na/k
10 erythrocyte 11 na/k
11 na/k 14 activity
12 - 14 activity
13 atpase 14 activity
14 activity 17 ±
14 activity 26 ,
15 ( 17 ±
16 1.72 17 ±
17 ± 23 <
17 ± 25 )
18 0.13 20 pi/ml/h
20 pi/ml/h 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.01
23 < 25 )
27 and 30 magnesium
27 and 32 potentiated
28 3 30 magnesium
29 mmol 30 magnesium
30 magnesium 32 potentiated
32 potentiated 34 effect
33 the 34 effect
34 effect 35 of
35 of 36 digifab
36 digifab 39 ±
37 ( 39 ±
38 2.30 39 ±
39 ± 45 <
39 ± 47 )
40 0.20 42 pi/ml/h
42 pi/ml/h 45 <
44 p 45 <
45 < 46 0.01
45 < 47 )

conclusions : magnesium is capable of increasing the efficacy of immunoneutralization of marinobufagenin - induced na/k - atpase inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 magnesium
2 : 4 is
2 : 14 -
3 magnesium 4 is
4 is 5 capable
5 capable 6 of
6 of 7 increasing
7 increasing 9 efficacy
8 the 9 efficacy
9 efficacy 10 of
10 of 11 immunoneutralization
11 immunoneutralization 12 of
12 of 13 marinobufagenin
14 - 16 na/k
14 - 17 -
15 induced 16 na/k
17 - 19 inhibition
18 atpase 19 inhibition

none the aim of regenerative medicine is to restore [or] establish normal function [of] damaged tissues or organs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 establish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 none 3 aim
1 none 9 restore
1 none 11 establish
2 the 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 7 is
4 of 6 medicine
5 regenerative 6 medicine
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 restore
8 to 9 restore
11 establish 17 or
12 normal 13 function
13 function 15 damaged
15 damaged 16 tissues
16 tissues 17 or
17 or 18 organs

tremendous efforts are placed into development of novel regenerative strategies , involving [(] stem [ )(cells , soluble factors , biomaterials or combinations thereof , as a result of the growing need caused by continuous population aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 placed
1 tremendous 2 efforts
2 efforts 3 are
3 are 4 placed
4 placed 5 into
4 placed 12 involving
5 into 6 development
6 development 7 of
7 of 10 strategies
8 novel 10 strategies
9 regenerative 10 strategies
11 , 12 involving
12 involving 22 or
12 involving 24 thereof
12 involving 26 as
12 involving 38 .
14 stem 16 )(cells
16 )(cells 17 ,
17 , 19 factors
17 , 20 ,
18 soluble 19 factors
20 , 21 biomaterials
20 , 22 or
22 or 23 combinations
25 , 26 as
26 as 28 result
26 as 38 .
27 a 28 result
28 result 29 of
28 result 33 caused
29 of 32 need
30 the 32 need
31 growing 32 need
33 caused 34 by
34 by 36 population
35 continuous 36 population
36 population 37 aging

to satisfy this need , fast and reliable assessment of [(] biological ) performance is sought , not only to select the potentially interesting candidates , but also to rule out poor ones at an early stage of development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 to 5 ,
2 satisfy 4 need
2 satisfy 5 ,
3 this 4 need
5 , 6 fast
7 and 9 assessment
7 and 16 sought
8 reliable 9 assessment
9 assessment 10 of
9 assessment 15 is
10 of 14 performance
12 biological 13 )
12 biological 14 performance
15 is 16 sought
16 sought 20 to
16 sought 27 but
17 , 20 to
18 not 20 to
19 only 20 to
20 to 21 select
20 to 26 ,
21 select 25 candidates
22 the 25 candidates
23 potentially 24 interesting
24 interesting 25 candidates
27 but 29 to
27 but 30 rule
28 also 29 to
29 to 30 rule
30 rule 31 out
31 out 33 ones
32 poor 33 ones
33 ones 34 at
34 at 37 stage
35 an 36 early
35 an 37 stage
36 early 37 stage
37 stage 38 of
38 of 39 development

microfluidics may provide a new avenue to accelerate research and development in the field of regenerative medicine as it has proven its maturity for the realization of high - throughput screening platforms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 microfluidics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 microfluidics 2 may
2 may 3 provide
3 provide 6 avenue
3 provide 7 to
4 a 5 new
4 a 6 avenue
5 new 6 avenue
7 to 8 accelerate
8 accelerate 9 research
10 and 11 development
10 and 21 proven
11 development 12 in
11 development 20 has
12 in 14 field
13 the 14 field
14 field 15 of
14 field 18 as
15 of 17 medicine
16 regenerative 17 medicine
18 as 19 it
20 has 21 proven
21 proven 23 maturity
22 its 23 maturity
23 maturity 24 for
24 for 26 realization
25 the 26 realization
26 realization 27 of
27 of 30 throughput
28 high 29 -
28 high 30 throughput
30 throughput 31 screening
31 screening 32 platforms

in addition , microfluidic systems offer other advantages such as the possibility to create in vivo - like microenvironments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 systems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 offer
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 systems
4 microfluidic 5 systems
5 systems 6 offer
6 offer 8 advantages
7 other 8 advantages
8 advantages 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 12 possibility
11 the 12 possibility
12 possibility 13 to
12 possibility 14 create
13 to 14 create
14 create 16 vivo
14 create 18 like
15 in 16 vivo
17 - 18 like
18 like 19 microenvironments
18 like 20 .

besides the complexity of organs or tissues that need to be regenerated , regenerative medicine brings additional challenges of complex regeneration processes and strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 complexity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 regenerated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 besides 3 complexity
2 the 3 complexity
3 complexity 4 of
3 complexity 12 regenerated
4 of 6 or
5 organs 6 or
6 or 7 tissues
6 or 8 that
6 or 9 need
8 that 9 need
9 need 10 to
9 need 11 be
10 to 11 be
13 , 15 medicine
13 , 16 brings
14 regenerative 15 medicine
15 medicine 16 brings
16 brings 18 challenges
16 brings 23 and
17 additional 18 challenges
18 challenges 19 of
19 of 22 processes
20 complex 22 processes
21 regeneration 22 processes
23 and 24 strategies

the question therefore arises whether so much complexity can be integrated into microfluidic systems without compromising reliability and throughput of assays . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 arises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 question
2 question 4 arises
3 therefore 4 arises
4 arises 5 whether
5 whether 8 complexity
5 whether 11 integrated
6 so 7 much
7 much 8 complexity
8 complexity 9 can
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 integrated
11 integrated 12 into
11 integrated 15 without
12 into 14 systems
13 microfluidic 14 systems
15 without 18 and
16 compromising 17 reliability
17 reliability 18 and
18 and 19 throughput
18 and 20 of
20 of 21 assays

with this review , we aim to investigate whether microfluidics can become widely applied in regenerative medicine research [and/or] strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 with 3 review
1 with 4 ,
1 with 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 aim
6 aim 7 to
6 aim 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 9 whether
9 whether 10 microfluidics
9 whether 12 become
10 microfluidics 11 can
11 can 12 become
12 become 14 applied
13 widely 14 applied
14 applied 15 in
15 in 20 strategies
16 regenerative 17 medicine
17 medicine 20 strategies
18 research 20 strategies

summary : the reference values for bone turnover markers ( btms ) have a significant role in the diagnosis , monitoring , and treatment of metabolic bone disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 5 values
2 : 13 have
3 the 5 values
4 reference 5 values
5 values 6 for
5 values 13 have
6 for 9 markers
7 bone 8 turnover
8 turnover 9 markers
9 markers 11 btms
10 ( 11 btms
11 btms 12 )
13 have 16 role
13 have 17 in
14 a 15 significant
14 a 16 role
15 significant 16 role
17 in 23 and
18 the 19 diagnosis
19 diagnosis 20 ,
20 , 21 monitoring
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 treatment
23 and 25 of
25 of 28 disease
26 metabolic 28 disease
27 bone 28 disease

this study proposes that the peak value of bone mineral density and the trough value for the btm curve can be used to determine the reference range of btm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 proposes
3 proposes 4 that
4 that 7 value
4 that 22 used
5 the 7 value
6 peak 7 value
7 value 8 of
7 value 20 can
8 of 12 and
9 bone 11 density
10 mineral 11 density
11 density 12 and
12 and 15 value
12 and 16 for
13 the 15 value
14 trough 15 value
16 for 19 curve
17 the 19 curve
18 btm 19 curve
20 can 21 be
21 be 22 used
22 used 23 to
22 used 24 determine
23 to 24 determine
24 determine 27 range
25 the 27 range
26 reference 27 range
27 range 28 of
28 of 29 btm

introduction : the aim of this study is to determine the reference intervals of btms for adult females in china with an attempt to reference the peak bone mineral density ( bmd ) with the corresponding btm valley . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 is
2 : 39 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 is
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 is 9 to
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 13 intervals
10 determine 21 with
11 the 13 intervals
12 reference 13 intervals
13 intervals 14 of
14 of 15 btms
15 btms 16 for
16 for 18 females
17 adult 18 females
18 females 19 in
19 in 20 china
21 with 23 attempt
21 with 34 with
22 an 23 attempt
23 attempt 24 to
23 attempt 25 reference
23 attempt 32 bmd
24 to 25 reference
25 reference 30 density
26 the 30 density
27 peak 28 bone
28 bone 30 density
29 mineral 30 density
31 ( 32 bmd
32 bmd 33 )
34 with 38 valley
35 the 38 valley
36 corresponding 38 valley
37 btm 38 valley

methods : this study included 546 premenopausal and 394 postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 12 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 8 and
6 546 8 and
7 premenopausal 8 and
8 and 11 women
9 394 11 women
10 postmenopausal 11 women

the levels of several btms were determined , and the bmd was measured using a dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 6 were
3 of 5 btms
4 several 5 btms
6 were 7 determined
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 bmd
9 and 13 measured
10 the 11 bmd
11 bmd 12 was
12 was 13 measured
13 measured 14 using
13 measured 22 absorptiometry
14 using 21 ray
15 a 16 dual
15 a 21 ray
16 dual 18 energy
16 dual 21 ray
17 - 18 energy
18 energy 19 x
18 energy 20 -

results : the btms of postmenopausal women were 17 - 96 % higher than premenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 btms
2 : 8 were
3 the 4 btms
4 btms 5 of
4 btms 8 were
5 of 7 women
6 postmenopausal 7 women
8 were 12 %
8 were 13 higher
8 were 14 than
9 17 10 -
10 - 11 96
10 - 12 %
14 than 16 women
15 premenopausal 16 women

the change of btm with age presented [an] optimal goodness - of [-] fit according to the cubic regression model [(] r ( 2 ) = 0.074 - 0.346 , [all] p = 0.000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 change
2 change 3 of
2 change 5 with
2 change 7 presented
3 of 4 btm
5 with 6 age
7 presented 10 goodness
7 presented 33 =
9 optimal 10 goodness
10 goodness 12 of
11 - 12 of
12 of 15 according
12 of 30 ,
14 fit 15 according
15 according 16 to
16 to 19 regression
17 the 19 regression
18 cubic 19 regression
19 regression 20 model
19 regression 26 =
20 model 22 r
20 model 24 2
20 model 26 =
23 ( 24 2
24 2 25 )
26 = 28 -
27 0.074 28 -
28 - 29 0.346
30 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.000
33 = 35 )

all kinds of btm levels were positively correlated with age in premenopausal women aged 27 - 56 years old ( r = 0.167 - 0.502 , p = 0.023 - 0.000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 all 2 kinds
2 kinds 3 of
2 kinds 5 levels
3 of 5 levels
4 btm 5 levels
5 levels 6 were
6 were 8 correlated
7 positively 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 22 =
8 correlated 28 =
9 with 10 age
9 with 19 old
10 age 11 in
10 age 14 aged
11 in 13 women
12 premenopausal 13 women
14 aged 15 27
16 - 17 56
17 56 18 years
18 years 19 old
20 ( 22 =
21 r 22 =
22 = 24 -
23 0.167 24 -
24 - 25 0.502
26 , 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 30 -
28 = 32 )
29 0.023 30 -
30 - 31 0.000

except for uctx , the btm reference value determined using a curve - fitting [valley] was significantly lower than the reference values for premenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 except
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 except 2 for
1 except 16 was
2 for 3 uctx
4 , 9 determined
5 the 8 value
6 btm 8 value
7 reference 8 value
8 value 9 determined
9 determined 10 using
9 determined 13 -
9 determined 14 fitting
10 using 12 curve
11 a 12 curve
14 fitting 16 was
16 was 18 lower
17 significantly 18 lower
18 lower 19 than
19 than 22 values
20 the 22 values
21 reference 22 values
22 values 23 for
23 for 25 women
24 premenopausal 25 women

the btm reference values determined in this study were also significantly different from the reference values given by the manufacturers of the reagents used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 values
2 btm 4 values
3 reference 4 values
4 values 5 determined
4 values 9 were
5 determined 6 in
6 in 8 study
7 this 8 study
9 were 10 also
9 were 11 significantly
9 were 12 different
12 different 13 from
13 from 16 values
14 the 16 values
15 reference 16 values
16 values 17 given
17 given 18 by
18 by 20 manufacturers
19 the 20 manufacturers
20 manufacturers 21 of
21 of 23 reagents
22 the 23 reagents
23 reagents 24 used

conclusions : this study found that the changes of level with age of btms in chinese women present [an] optimal goodness [-] of - fit according to the cubic regression model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 found
2 : 24 -
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 found
5 found 6 that
5 found 8 changes
5 found 11 with
5 found 15 in
7 the 8 changes
8 changes 9 of
9 of 10 level
11 with 12 age
12 age 13 of
13 of 14 btms
15 in 16 chinese
16 chinese 17 women
16 chinese 23 of
17 women 18 present
18 present 21 goodness
20 optimal 21 goodness
21 goodness 23 of
24 - 25 fit
25 fit 27 to
26 according 27 to
27 to 31 model
28 the 31 model
29 cubic 30 regression
30 regression 31 model

the fitting valley corresponds to the bmd fitting peak and may possibly be an effective means of determining the btm reference intervals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 valley
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 valley
2 fitting 3 valley
3 valley 10 and
4 corresponds 5 to
4 corresponds 10 and
5 to 9 peak
6 the 9 peak
7 bmd 8 fitting
8 fitting 9 peak
10 and 11 may
10 and 22 intervals
11 may 13 be
12 possibly 13 be
13 be 16 means
14 an 15 effective
14 an 16 means
15 effective 16 means
16 means 17 of
17 of 18 determining
18 determining 20 btm
19 the 20 btm
21 reference 22 intervals

background : old age is regarded as the risk factor of major abdominal surgery due to the lack of functional reserve and the increased presence of comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 age
2 : 6 regarded
2 : 28 .
3 old 4 age
4 age 5 is
5 is 6 regarded
6 regarded 7 as
6 regarded 16 to
7 as 10 factor
8 the 10 factor
9 risk 10 factor
10 factor 11 of
11 of 14 surgery
12 major 14 surgery
13 abdominal 14 surgery
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 lack
17 the 18 lack
18 lack 19 of
18 lack 26 of
19 of 22 and
20 functional 21 reserve
21 reserve 22 and
22 and 25 presence
23 the 25 presence
24 increased 25 presence
26 of 27 comorbidities

this study aimed to evaluate the impact of old age on the surgical outcomes of totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 evaluate
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 impact
5 evaluate 11 on
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
8 of 10 age
9 old 10 age
11 on 14 outcomes
12 the 14 outcomes
13 surgical 14 outcomes
14 outcomes 15 of
15 of 18 gastrectomy
16 totally 17 laparoscopic
17 laparoscopic 18 gastrectomy
18 gastrectomy 19 for
19 for 21 cancer
20 gastric 21 cancer

methods : this study enrolled 389 gastric cancer patients who underwent totally laparoscopic gastrectomy at hanyang university guri hospital and asan medical center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 enrolled
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 enrolled
5 enrolled 9 patients
5 enrolled 15 at
6 389 9 patients
7 gastric 8 cancer
8 cancer 9 patients
9 patients 10 who
9 patients 11 underwent
10 who 11 underwent
11 underwent 14 gastrectomy
12 totally 13 laparoscopic
13 laparoscopic 14 gastrectomy
15 at 20 and
16 hanyang 17 university
17 university 18 guri
18 guri 19 hospital
19 hospital 20 and
20 and 23 center
21 asan 22 medical
22 medical 23 center

the patients were classified into two groups according to age as those older than 70 years and those younger than 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 classified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 classified
4 classified 5 into
4 classified 9 to
4 classified 11 as
5 into 7 groups
6 two 7 groups
8 according 9 to
9 to 10 age
11 as 17 and
12 those 13 older
12 those 17 and
13 older 14 than
14 than 16 years
15 70 16 years
17 and 18 those
17 and 19 younger
19 younger 20 than
20 than 22 years
21 70 22 years

early surgical outcomes such as operation time , postoperative complications , time to first flatus , days [until] soft diet [began] , and hospital stay were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 early 3 outcomes
2 surgical 3 outcomes
3 outcomes 5 as
3 outcomes 8 ,
4 such 5 as
5 as 7 time
6 operation 7 time
8 , 10 complications
8 , 11 ,
9 postoperative 10 complications
11 , 12 time
11 , 16 ,
12 time 13 to
13 to 15 flatus
14 first 15 flatus
16 , 20 diet
16 , 23 and
17 days 20 diet
19 soft 20 diet
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 stay
23 and 26 were
24 hospital 25 stay
26 were 27 evaluated

results : no patient was converted to open surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patient
2 : 6 converted
2 : 10 .
3 no 4 patient
4 patient 5 was
5 was 6 converted
6 converted 7 to
7 to 8 open
8 open 9 surgery

the two groups differed significantly in terms of overall postoperative complication rate [,] time to first flatus , days until soft [diet] [began] , and hospital stay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 two
2 two 3 groups
3 groups 4 differed
4 differed 5 significantly
4 differed 6 in
4 differed 14 time
4 differed 15 to
6 in 7 terms
7 terms 8 of
8 of 9 overall
10 postoperative 11 complication
11 complication 14 time
12 rate 14 time
15 to 17 flatus
16 first 17 flatus
18 , 19 days
18 , 27 stay
19 days 20 until
19 days 27 stay
20 until 25 and
21 soft 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 hospital

the patients who underwent roux [-] [en] [-] y gastrojejunostomy differed in incidence [of] postoperative ileus but not [in] severe postoperative complication rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 who
2 patients 4 underwent
2 patients 11 differed
3 who 4 underwent
4 underwent 10 gastrojejunostomy
5 roux 9 y
5 roux 10 gastrojejunostomy
11 differed 12 in
11 differed 17 but
12 in 16 ileus
13 incidence 16 ileus
15 postoperative 16 ileus
17 but 18 not
18 not 20 severe
20 severe 22 complication
21 postoperative 22 complication
22 complication 23 rate

conclusions : the results of this study demonstrated that old age can have an effect on the surgical outcomes of totally laparoscopic gastrectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 8 demonstrated
2 : 24 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 demonstrated
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 demonstrated 9 that
9 that 11 age
9 that 13 have
10 old 11 age
11 age 12 can
12 can 13 have
13 have 15 effect
13 have 16 on
14 an 15 effect
16 on 19 outcomes
17 the 19 outcomes
18 surgical 19 outcomes
19 outcomes 20 of
20 of 23 gastrectomy
21 totally 22 laparoscopic
22 laparoscopic 23 gastrectomy

this study especially showed that elderly patients are affected by the return of bowel movement after totally laparoscopic gastrectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 4 showed
3 especially 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 7 patients
5 that 9 affected
6 elderly 7 patients
7 patients 8 are
8 are 9 affected
9 affected 10 by
9 affected 16 after
10 by 12 return
11 the 12 return
12 return 13 of
13 of 15 movement
14 bowel 15 movement
16 after 19 gastrectomy
17 totally 18 laparoscopic
18 laparoscopic 19 gastrectomy

on the other hand , however , it is presumed that old age has not had a serious impact on surgical outcomes in totally laparoscopic gastrectomy because no difference in the severe postoperative complication rate was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 on 3 other
1 on 4 hand
2 the 3 other
4 hand 6 however
5 , 6 however
6 however 7 ,
7 , 8 it
7 , 10 presumed
8 it 9 is
9 is 10 presumed
10 presumed 11 that
11 that 13 age
11 that 16 had
12 old 13 age
13 age 14 has
14 has 15 not
14 has 16 had
16 had 19 impact
16 had 20 on
16 had 23 in
16 had 27 because
17 a 19 impact
18 serious 19 impact
20 on 22 outcomes
21 surgical 22 outcomes
23 in 26 gastrectomy
24 totally 25 laparoscopic
25 laparoscopic 26 gastrectomy
27 because 29 difference
27 because 37 observed
28 no 29 difference
29 difference 30 in
29 difference 36 was
30 in 35 rate
31 the 35 rate
32 severe 34 complication
33 postoperative 34 complication
34 complication 35 rate
36 was 37 observed

introduction and hypothesis : the aim was to evaluate the relationship between age and the impact of pelvic floor disorders ( pfd ) using a multi - dimensional pelvic floor questionnaire methods : questionnaire data on 4,311 women attending urogynaecology clinics with pfd were stratified by age into four groups : ≤35 , 36 - 50 , 51 - 65 and >65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
1 introduction 2 and
2 and 3 hypothesis
4 : 6 aim
4 : 9 evaluate
4 : 14 and
4 : 51 :
5 the 6 aim
6 aim 7 was
7 was 8 to
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 relationship
10 the 11 relationship
11 relationship 12 between
12 between 13 age
14 and 16 impact
14 and 45 stratified
15 the 16 impact
16 impact 17 of
16 impact 24 using
16 impact 33 :
17 of 20 disorders
18 pelvic 19 floor
19 floor 20 disorders
20 disorders 22 pfd
21 ( 22 pfd
22 pfd 23 )
24 using 32 methods
25 a 26 multi
25 a 32 methods
26 multi 27 -
26 multi 30 floor
28 dimensional 30 floor
29 pelvic 30 floor
30 floor 31 questionnaire
31 questionnaire 32 methods
33 : 35 data
34 questionnaire 35 data
35 data 36 on
36 on 38 women
37 4,311 38 women
38 women 39 attending
38 women 40 urogynaecology
38 women 45 stratified
40 urogynaecology 41 clinics
40 urogynaecology 44 were
40 urogynaecology 45 stratified
41 clinics 42 with
41 clinics 44 were
42 with 43 pfd
45 stratified 46 by
46 by 47 age
47 age 48 into
48 into 50 groups
49 four 50 groups
51 : 63 years
52 ≤35 55 -
52 ≤35 59 -
52 ≤35 61 and
53 , 55 -
54 36 55 -
55 - 56 50
55 - 57 ,
58 51 59 -
59 - 60 65
61 and 62 >65
61 and 63 years

the symptom frequency ( ranging from 0 to 100 ) was divided in [to] mild ( 0 - 33 ) , moderate ( 34 - 67 ) , and severe ( 68 - 100 ) symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptom
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 symptom
2 symptom 3 frequency
2 symptom 11 was
2 symptom 12 divided
3 frequency 5 ranging
3 frequency 11 was
4 ( 5 ranging
5 ranging 8 to
5 ranging 10 )
6 from 8 to
7 0 8 to
8 to 9 100
12 divided 13 in
12 divided 36 symptoms
15 mild 18 -
15 mild 21 ,
16 ( 18 -
17 0 18 -
18 - 19 33
18 - 20 )
21 , 22 moderate
21 , 29 and
22 moderate 25 -
23 ( 25 -
24 34 25 -
25 - 26 67
25 - 27 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 severe
29 and 36 symptoms
30 severe 33 -
31 ( 33 -
32 68 33 -
33 - 34 100
33 - 35 )

impact scores for equivalent levels of symptom frequency ( mild , moderate and severe symptoms ) were compared in women of different ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 impact 2 scores
2 scores 3 for
2 scores 6 of
2 scores 17 were
3 for 5 levels
4 equivalent 5 levels
6 of 8 frequency
7 symptom 8 frequency
8 frequency 15 symptoms
9 ( 15 symptoms
10 mild 11 ,
11 , 12 moderate
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 severe
13 and 15 symptoms
15 symptoms 16 )
17 were 18 compared
18 compared 19 in
19 in 20 women
20 women 21 of
21 of 23 ages
22 different 23 ages

results : overall , bowel continence was associated with the greatest bother and constipation the least . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 , 6 continence
4 , 8 associated
5 bowel 6 continence
6 continence 7 was
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 16 least
9 with 13 and
10 the 11 greatest
10 the 12 bother
12 bother 13 and
13 and 14 constipation
15 the 16 least

older women were significantly less bothered by mild [to] moderate urinary , bowel and vaginal symptoms ( except ibs and vaginal capacity ) than younger women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 bothered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 older 2 women
2 women 3 were
3 were 5 less
3 were 6 bothered
4 significantly 5 less
6 bothered 7 by
6 bothered 24 than
7 by 16 symptoms
8 mild 10 moderate
10 moderate 16 symptoms
11 urinary 12 ,
12 , 13 bowel
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 vaginal
14 and 16 symptoms
16 symptoms 18 except
17 ( 18 except
18 except 20 and
18 except 23 )
19 ibs 20 and
20 and 22 capacity
20 and 23 )
21 vaginal 22 capacity
24 than 26 women
25 younger 26 women

there was no difference in the impact of severe symptoms in different ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 difference
3 no 4 difference
4 difference 5 in
5 in 7 impact
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
8 of 10 symptoms
9 severe 10 symptoms
10 symptoms 11 in
11 in 13 ages
12 different 13 ages

in contrast , for sexual symptoms , there was a significant difference in the impact in older women for all grades of severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 8 there
2 contrast 4 for
3 , 4 for
4 for 6 symptoms
4 for 7 ,
5 sexual 6 symptoms
8 there 9 was
9 was 12 difference
10 a 11 significant
10 a 12 difference
11 significant 12 difference
12 difference 13 in
12 difference 19 for
13 in 15 impact
14 the 15 impact
15 impact 16 in
16 in 18 women
17 older 18 women
19 for 21 grades
20 all 21 grades
21 grades 22 of
22 of 23 severity

conclusions : women 's views and attitudes towards symptoms are variable and age is a significant factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 6 and
2 : 10 are
2 : 12 and
3 women 4 's
4 's 5 views
5 views 6 and
6 and 7 attitudes
6 and 8 towards
6 and 10 are
8 towards 9 symptoms
10 are 11 variable
12 and 13 age
12 and 14 is
13 age 14 is
14 is 17 factor
15 a 16 significant
15 a 17 factor
16 significant 17 factor

in women attending urogynaecology clinics with pelvic floor symptoms the impact of most symptoms ( particularly sexual dysfunction ) become less bothersome with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 women
1 in 14 symptoms
2 women 3 attending
2 women 12 of
3 attending 5 clinics
3 attending 6 with
4 urogynaecology 5 clinics
6 with 9 symptoms
6 with 11 impact
7 pelvic 8 floor
8 floor 9 symptoms
10 the 11 impact
12 of 13 most
14 symptoms 18 dysfunction
14 symptoms 20 become
15 ( 16 particularly
15 ( 18 dysfunction
17 sexual 18 dysfunction
18 dysfunction 19 )
20 become 22 bothersome
21 less 22 bothersome
22 bothersome 23 with
23 with 24 age

the insulin/insulin - like growth factor pathway [is] involved in breast [and] colorectal cancer ( crc ) [development] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insulin/insulin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 insulin/insulin
3 - 6 factor
3 - 19 .
4 like 5 growth
4 like 6 factor
6 factor 9 involved
6 factor 10 in
7 pathway 9 involved
10 in 14 cancer
11 breast 14 cancer
13 colorectal 14 cancer
14 cancer 16 crc
15 ( 16 crc
16 crc 17 )

in the present study , we analyzed the coding region and short intron - exon borders of the insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 ( irs ‑ 1 and irs ‑ 2 ) genes in 12 cell lines derived from breast cancer ( bc ) , 14 cell lines derived from crc and 33 primary crcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
1 in 3 present
1 in 4 study
2 the 3 present
4 study 14 -
4 study 34 genes
4 study 35 in
5 , 14 -
6 we 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 11 and
7 analyzed 14 -
8 the 10 region
9 coding 10 region
10 region 11 and
11 and 13 intron
11 and 14 -
12 short 13 intron
14 - 23 and
14 - 33 )
15 exon 16 borders
16 borders 17 of
16 borders 23 and
17 of 21 substrate
18 the 21 substrate
19 insulin 21 substrate
20 receptor 21 substrate
21 substrate 22 1
23 and 31 ‑
24 2 26 irs
25 ( 26 irs
26 irs 27 ‑
27 ‑ 28 1
27 ‑ 29 and
29 and 30 irs
29 and 31 ‑
31 ‑ 32 2
35 in 38 lines
36 12 38 lines
37 cell 38 lines
38 lines 39 derived
38 lines 49 lines
39 derived 40 from
40 from 42 cancer
41 breast 42 cancer
42 cancer 44 bc
43 ( 44 bc
44 bc 45 )
46 , 49 lines
47 14 49 lines
48 cell 49 lines
49 lines 50 derived
49 lines 57 .
50 derived 51 from
51 from 53 and
52 crc 53 and
53 and 56 crcs
54 33 56 crcs
55 primary 56 crcs

the nucleotide variants identified in bc were 3 in irs ‑ 1 , 1 of which ( p.arg267cys ) was novel and with a pathogenic potential as predicted by [in] silico analysis and 6 in irs ‑ 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 variants
2 nucleotide 3 variants
3 variants 4 identified
3 variants 7 were
4 identified 5 in
5 in 6 bc
7 were 11 ‑
8 3 9 in
9 in 11 ‑
10 irs 11 ‑
11 ‑ 12 1
13 , 14 1
13 , 20 was
13 , 22 and
14 1 15 of
14 1 18 p.arg267cys
14 1 20 was
15 of 16 which
17 ( 18 p.arg267cys
18 p.arg267cys 19 )
20 was 21 novel
22 and 33 and
22 and 37 ‑
23 with 26 potential
23 with 29 by
23 with 33 and
24 a 25 pathogenic
24 a 26 potential
25 pathogenic 26 potential
26 potential 28 predicted
27 as 28 predicted
29 by 31 silico
32 analysis 33 and
33 and 36 irs
33 and 37 ‑
34 6 35 in
35 in 36 irs
37 ‑ 38 2

twenty ‑ one variants in irs ‑ 1 and 18 in irs ‑ 2 were identified in the crc samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ‑
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 twenty 2 ‑
2 ‑ 3 one
2 ‑ 17 in
3 one 9 and
3 one 15 were
3 one 16 identified
4 variants 5 in
4 variants 9 and
5 in 7 ‑
6 irs 7 ‑
7 ‑ 8 1
9 and 13 ‑
9 and 15 were
10 18 11 in
11 in 13 ‑
12 irs 13 ‑
13 ‑ 14 2
17 in 20 samples
18 the 20 samples
19 crc 20 samples

these included 11 novel irs ‑ 1 variants detected exclusively in crcs , which included 5 missense ( p.pro559leu , p.gln655his , p.asp1014gly , p.asp1181his and ppro1203ser ) with a pathogenic potential as predicted by [in] silico analysis , 2 frameshifts predicted to generate a truncated protein , 1 splice - site mutation and 3 silent variants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
1 these 2 included
2 included 6 ‑
2 included 10 exclusively
2 included 11 in
3 11 4 novel
4 novel 6 ‑
5 irs 6 ‑
6 ‑ 7 1
6 ‑ 8 variants
6 ‑ 9 detected
8 variants 9 detected
11 in 12 crcs
12 crcs 14 which
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 included
15 included 23 p.asp1014gly
15 included 26 and
16 5 17 missense
17 missense 19 p.pro559leu
17 missense 21 p.gln655his
18 ( 19 p.pro559leu
19 p.pro559leu 20 ,
20 , 21 p.gln655his
21 p.gln655his 22 ,
22 , 23 p.asp1014gly
23 p.asp1014gly 24 ,
25 p.asp1181his 26 and
26 and 27 ppro1203ser
26 and 28 )
26 and 29 with
26 and 35 by
29 with 32 potential
30 a 32 potential
31 pathogenic 32 potential
32 potential 34 predicted
33 as 34 predicted
35 by 38 analysis
37 silico 38 analysis
38 analysis 50 splice
39 , 42 predicted
40 2 41 frameshifts
41 frameshifts 42 predicted
42 predicted 43 to
42 predicted 48 ,
43 to 44 generate
44 generate 47 protein
45 a 47 protein
46 truncated 47 protein
48 , 50 splice
49 1 50 splice
50 splice 54 and
50 splice 58 .
51 - 54 and
52 site 53 mutation
53 mutation 54 and
54 and 57 variants
54 and 58 .
55 3 57 variants
56 silent 57 variants

in the crc samples we also identified 7 novel irs ‑ 2 variants , including 4 missense variants , which included 2 ( p.asp782asn and p.gly1230ser ) with a pathogenic potential as predicted [by] in silico analysis , 2 frame insertion mutations and 1 silent variant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 in 4 samples
1 in 5 we
2 the 4 samples
3 crc 4 samples
5 we 7 identified
6 also 7 identified
7 identified 13 variants
7 identified 15 including
8 7 13 variants
9 novel 11 ‑
10 irs 11 ‑
11 ‑ 13 variants
12 2 13 variants
14 , 15 including
15 including 18 variants
15 including 19 ,
16 4 18 variants
17 missense 18 variants
19 , 20 which
19 , 21 included
20 which 21 included
21 included 22 2
21 included 28 with
21 included 32 as
22 2 25 and
23 ( 25 and
24 p.asp782asn 25 and
25 and 26 p.gly1230ser
25 and 27 )
28 with 31 potential
29 a 30 pathogenic
29 a 31 potential
30 pathogenic 31 potential
32 as 33 predicted
33 predicted 35 in
33 predicted 38 ,
33 predicted 39 2
33 predicted 40 frame
35 in 37 analysis
36 silico 37 analysis
39 2 40 frame
40 frame 43 and
41 insertion 42 mutations
42 mutations 43 and
43 and 46 variant
44 1 46 variant
45 silent 46 variant

most of the novel irs ‑ 1 and irs ‑ 2 variants may be involved in the modulation of irs - [1] or irs ‑ 2 functions and could be relevant to breast and colorectal tumorigenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 12 variants
2 of 12 variants
3 the 12 variants
4 novel 6 ‑
5 irs 6 ‑
6 ‑ 7 1
6 ‑ 8 and
8 and 10 ‑
8 and 12 variants
9 irs 10 ‑
10 ‑ 11 2
12 variants 13 may
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 involved
15 involved 16 in
16 in 18 modulation
17 the 18 modulation
18 modulation 19 of
19 of 34 and
20 irs 23 or
21 - 23 or
23 or 24 irs
23 or 25 ‑
23 or 28 and
23 or 31 relevant
23 or 34 and
25 ‑ 26 2
25 ‑ 28 and
27 functions 28 and
28 and 29 could
29 could 30 be
31 relevant 32 to
31 relevant 33 breast
32 to 33 breast
34 and 36 tumorigenesis
35 colorectal 36 tumorigenesis

homebound older adults constitute a " hardly reached " population with respect to health communication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 constitute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 homebound 3 adults
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 constitute
4 constitute 10 population
4 constitute 11 with
4 constitute 13 to
5 a 6 "
5 a 10 population
7 hardly 8 reached
8 reached 9 "
8 reached 10 population
11 with 12 respect
13 to 15 communication
14 health 15 communication

older adults also typically suffer from health literacy challenges , which put them at increased risk of adverse health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suffer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 5 suffer
3 also 5 suffer
4 typically 5 suffer
5 suffer 6 from
6 from 9 challenges
7 health 9 challenges
8 literacy 9 challenges
10 , 11 which
10 , 12 put
11 which 12 put
12 put 13 them
12 put 14 at
14 at 16 risk
15 increased 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 20 outcomes
18 adverse 19 health
19 health 20 outcomes

suboptimal interactions with providers are one such challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 suboptimal 2 interactions
2 interactions 3 with
2 interactions 5 are
3 with 4 providers
5 are 8 challenge
6 one 7 such
7 such 8 challenge

interventions to improve interactive health literacy focus on training consumers/patients in question preparation and asking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 consumers/patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 interventions 2 to
1 interventions 9 training
1 interventions 10 consumers/patients
2 to 3 improve
3 improve 7 focus
3 improve 8 on
4 interactive 5 health
5 health 7 focus
6 literacy 7 focus
8 on 9 training
10 consumers/patients 11 in
11 in 14 and
12 question 13 preparation
13 preparation 14 and
14 and 15 asking

meals on wheels volunteers are uniquely suited to coach their clients in such interaction strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 meals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 meals 2 on
1 meals 5 are
2 on 4 volunteers
3 wheels 4 volunteers
5 are 6 uniquely
5 are 7 suited
7 suited 8 to
8 to 9 coach
9 coach 11 clients
9 coach 12 in
10 their 11 clients
12 in 15 strategies
13 such 15 strategies
14 interaction 15 strategies

seventy - three meals on wheels volunteers participated in workshops to train as health literacy coaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 meals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 seventy 2 -
2 - 3 three
2 - 4 meals
4 meals 5 on
4 meals 8 participated
5 on 7 volunteers
6 wheels 7 volunteers
8 participated 9 in
9 in 10 workshops
10 workshops 11 to
10 workshops 12 train
11 to 12 train
12 train 13 as
13 as 16 coaches
14 health 16 coaches
15 literacy 16 coaches

[the] 3 - to 4 - hour workshops included units on communicating with older adults , on the nature of health literacy , and on the process of interactive health literacy coaching . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 3 3 -
3 - 8 workshops
4 to 5 4
4 to 6 -
4 to 8 workshops
7 hour 8 workshops
8 workshops 9 included
9 included 10 units
9 included 11 on
9 included 24 and
11 on 12 communicating
13 with 15 adults
13 with 24 and
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 17 on
16 , 17 on
17 on 19 nature
17 on 23 ,
18 the 19 nature
19 nature 20 of
20 of 22 literacy
21 health 22 literacy
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 on
25 on 27 process
26 the 27 process
27 process 28 of
28 of 31 literacy
29 interactive 30 health
30 health 31 literacy
31 literacy 32 coaching

participants viewed and discussed videos that modeled the targeted communication behaviors for older adult patients interacting with physicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 participants 2 viewed
1 participants 3 and
3 and 5 videos
3 and 6 that
3 and 7 modeled
4 discussed 5 videos
6 that 7 modeled
7 modeled 11 behaviors
8 the 11 behaviors
9 targeted 10 communication
10 communication 11 behaviors
11 behaviors 12 for
11 behaviors 16 interacting
12 for 15 patients
13 older 14 adult
14 adult 15 patients
16 interacting 17 with
17 with 18 physicians

they [role] [-] played the coaching process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 played
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 they 4 played
4 played 7 process
5 the 7 process
6 coaching 7 process

after 9 months , coaches participated in a " booster " session that included videos of ideal coaching practices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 coaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 after 3 months
1 after 4 ,
1 after 5 coaches
2 9 3 months
5 coaches 6 participated
6 participated 7 in
7 in 12 session
8 a 9 "
8 a 12 session
10 booster 11 "
10 booster 12 session
12 session 13 that
12 session 14 included
13 that 14 included
14 included 15 videos
15 videos 16 of
16 of 19 practices
17 ideal 18 coaching
18 coaching 19 practices

evaluation questionnaires revealed that participants had favorable reactions to the workshops with respect to utility and interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 questionnaires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 evaluation 2 questionnaires
2 questionnaires 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 5 participants
4 that 6 had
5 participants 6 had
6 had 8 reactions
6 had 9 to
6 had 12 with
6 had 14 to
7 favorable 8 reactions
9 to 11 workshops
10 the 11 workshops
12 with 13 respect
14 to 16 and
15 utility 16 and
16 and 17 interest

they especially appreciated learning communication skills and seeing realistic videos . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appreciated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 they 3 appreciated
2 especially 3 appreciated
3 appreciated 7 and
4 learning 6 skills
5 communication 6 skills
6 skills 7 and
7 and 10 videos
8 seeing 10 videos
9 realistic 10 videos

a measure of knowledge about the workshop material revealed a significant increment at posttest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 2 measure
2 measure 3 of
2 measure 9 revealed
3 of 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 5 about
5 about 8 material
6 the 8 material
7 workshop 8 material
9 revealed 12 increment
9 revealed 13 at
10 a 11 significant
10 a 12 increment
11 significant 12 increment
13 at 14 posttest

fidelity of coaching practices with respect [to] workshop curriculum [was] confirmed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fidelity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 practices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 fidelity 2 of
1 fidelity 4 practices
2 of 3 coaching
4 practices 5 with
5 with 6 respect
5 with 11 confirmed
8 workshop 11 confirmed
9 curriculum 11 confirmed

this training in interactive health literacy for community [-] based lay volunteers constitutes one way to implement the national action plan to improve health literacy for one " hardly reached " population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 constitutes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 training
2 training 3 in
2 training 7 for
2 training 13 constitutes
3 in 6 literacy
4 interactive 5 health
5 health 6 literacy
7 for 12 volunteers
8 community 10 based
10 based 12 volunteers
11 lay 12 volunteers
13 constitutes 15 way
13 constitutes 16 to
13 constitutes 22 to
13 constitutes 26 for
14 one 15 way
16 to 17 implement
17 implement 21 plan
18 the 21 plan
19 national 20 action
20 action 21 plan
22 to 25 literacy
23 improve 24 health
24 health 25 literacy
26 for 32 population
27 one 28 "
27 one 32 population
29 hardly 30 reached
30 reached 31 "
30 reached 32 population

an online tool kit containing all workshop materials is available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 kit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 an 2 online
1 an 4 kit
2 online 3 tool
3 tool 4 kit
4 kit 5 containing
4 kit 9 is
5 containing 8 materials
6 all 8 materials
7 workshop 8 materials
9 is 10 available

aging is a continuous process that induces many alterations in the cytoarchitecture of different organs and systems [both] in humans and animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 5 process
3 a 4 continuous
3 a 5 process
4 continuous 5 process
5 process 6 that
5 process 7 induces
6 that 7 induces
7 induces 9 alterations
7 induces 10 in
7 induces 19 in
8 many 9 alterations
10 in 16 and
11 the 12 cytoarchitecture
12 cytoarchitecture 13 of
12 cytoarchitecture 16 and
13 of 15 organs
14 different 15 organs
16 and 17 systems
19 in 21 and
20 humans 21 and
21 and 22 animals

moreover , it is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious , autoimmune , and neoplastic processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 9 to
6 with 8 susceptibility
7 increased 8 susceptibility
9 to 14 and
10 infectious 11 ,
10 infectious 12 autoimmune
12 autoimmune 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 processes
15 neoplastic 16 processes

the thymus is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the production of immunocompetent [t] cells and , with aging , it atrophies and declines in functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thymus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 thymus
2 thymus 3 is
3 is 7 organ
4 a 5 primary
4 a 7 organ
5 primary 7 organ
6 lymphoid 7 organ
7 organ 8 responsible
8 responsible 9 for
9 for 11 production
10 the 11 production
11 production 12 of
12 of 15 cells
13 immunocompetent 15 cells
16 and 17 ,
16 and 21 it
16 and 23 and
17 , 18 with
18 with 19 aging
18 with 20 ,
18 with 21 it
21 it 23 and
22 atrophies 23 and
23 and 24 declines
23 and 25 in
25 in 26 functions

universality [of] thymic involution [in] [all] species possessing thymus , including [human] [,] indicates it as a long - standing evolutionary event . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 thymus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 universality 9 thymus
3 thymic 7 species
4 involution 7 species
7 species 9 thymus
8 possessing 9 thymus
10 , 11 including
10 , 14 indicates
11 including 14 indicates
14 indicates 15 it
14 indicates 16 as
16 as 22 event
17 a 22 event
18 long 19 -
18 long 22 event
20 standing 22 event
21 evolutionary 22 event

although it is accepted that many factors contribute to age - associated thymic involution , little is known about the mechanisms involved in the process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 although 2 it
1 although 4 accepted
1 although 7 factors
2 it 3 is
3 is 4 accepted
5 that 6 many
6 many 7 factors
7 factors 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
9 to 10 age
11 - 14 involution
11 - 15 ,
11 - 26 .
12 associated 14 involution
13 thymic 14 involution
15 , 16 little
15 , 18 known
16 little 17 is
17 is 18 known
18 known 19 about
19 about 21 mechanisms
20 the 21 mechanisms
21 mechanisms 22 involved
22 involved 23 in
23 in 25 process
24 the 25 process

the exact time point of the initiation is not well defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 4 point
2 exact 4 point
3 time 4 point
4 point 5 of
4 point 8 is
5 of 7 initiation
6 the 7 initiation
8 is 9 not
8 is 10 well
10 well 11 defined

to address the issue , we report the exact age of thymus throughout the review so that readers can have a nicely pictured synoptic view of the process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 4 issue
3 the 4 issue
5 , 6 we
5 , 7 report
6 we 7 report
7 report 10 age
7 report 13 throughout
7 report 17 that
8 the 10 age
9 exact 10 age
10 age 11 of
11 of 12 thymus
13 throughout 15 review
14 the 15 review
16 so 17 that
17 that 18 readers
17 that 20 have
18 readers 19 can
19 can 20 have
20 have 25 view
21 a 25 view
22 nicely 23 pictured
23 pictured 25 view
24 synoptic 25 view
25 view 26 of
26 of 28 process
27 the 28 process

focusing our attention on the different stages of the development of the thymus gland ( natal , postnatal , adult , and old ) , we describe chronologically the morphological changes of the gland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 focusing 3 attention
1 focusing 4 on
1 focusing 25 ,
1 focusing 26 we
2 our 3 attention
4 on 7 stages
5 the 7 stages
6 different 7 stages
7 stages 8 of
8 of 10 development
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
11 of 14 gland
12 the 14 gland
13 thymus 14 gland
14 gland 22 and
15 ( 22 and
16 natal 17 ,
17 , 20 adult
17 , 22 and
18 postnatal 19 ,
18 postnatal 20 adult
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 old
22 and 24 )
26 we 27 describe
27 describe 28 chronologically
27 describe 31 changes
29 the 31 changes
30 morphological 31 changes
31 changes 32 of
32 of 34 gland
33 the 34 gland

we report that the thymic morphology and cell types are evolutionarily preserved in several vertebrate species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 that
3 that 7 and
3 that 12 preserved
4 the 6 morphology
5 thymic 6 morphology
6 morphology 7 and
7 and 9 types
7 and 10 are
8 cell 9 types
10 are 11 evolutionarily
10 are 12 preserved
12 preserved 13 in
13 in 16 species
14 several 16 species
15 vertebrate 16 species

this finding is important in understanding the similar problems caused by senescence and other diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 is
3 is 4 important
4 important 5 in
4 important 11 by
5 in 6 understanding
6 understanding 9 problems
7 the 9 problems
8 similar 9 problems
9 problems 10 caused
11 by 13 and
12 senescence 13 and
13 and 15 diseases
14 other 15 diseases

another point that we considered very important is to indicate the assessment of the thymus through radiological images to highlight its variability in shape , size , and anatomical conformation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 another 2 point
2 point 3 that
2 point 5 considered
2 point 8 is
3 that 4 we
3 that 5 considered
4 we 5 considered
5 considered 7 important
6 very 7 important
8 is 9 to
8 is 10 indicate
9 to 10 indicate
10 indicate 12 assessment
10 indicate 19 to
11 the 12 assessment
12 assessment 13 of
13 of 15 thymus
14 the 15 thymus
15 thymus 16 through
16 through 18 images
17 radiological 18 images
19 to 20 highlight
20 highlight 22 variability
20 highlight 23 in
21 its 22 variability
23 in 28 and
24 shape 25 ,
25 , 26 size
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 conformation
29 anatomical 30 conformation

purpose : to [validate] [and] evaluate the reliability of retinal vessel diameter measurements by optical coherence tomography ( oct ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 6 evaluate
2 : 21 .
3 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 8 reliability
6 evaluate 14 by
7 the 8 reliability
8 reliability 9 of
9 of 13 measurements
10 retinal 11 vessel
11 vessel 13 measurements
12 diameter 13 measurements
14 by 17 tomography
15 optical 16 coherence
16 coherence 17 tomography
17 tomography 19 oct
18 ( 19 oct
19 oct 20 )

the effects of age and hypertension [on] vessel diameter were also examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 10 were
3 of 5 and
4 age 5 and
5 and 9 diameter
6 hypertension 9 diameter
8 vessel 9 diameter
10 were 11 also
10 were 12 examined

design : prospective , cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 prospective
4 , 5 cross
4 , 6 -
6 - 8 study
7 sectional 8 study

methods : two hundred thirty - eight eyes ( 238 subjects ) with no ocular disease [were] included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 thirty
2 : 13 with
3 two 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 thirty
5 thirty 8 eyes
6 - 8 eyes
7 eight 8 eyes
8 eyes 11 subjects
8 eyes 12 )
9 ( 11 subjects
10 238 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 )
13 with 16 disease
14 no 16 disease
15 ocular 16 disease
16 disease 18 included

hypertension was present in 106 subjects and absent in 132 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hypertension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 hypertension 2 was
2 was 7 and
3 present 4 in
3 present 7 and
4 in 6 subjects
5 106 6 subjects
7 and 8 absent
8 absent 9 in
9 in 11 subjects
10 132 11 subjects

spectralis hra+oct was used to scan a circular region around the optic disc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hra+oct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 spectralis 2 hra+oct
2 hra+oct 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 scan
5 to 6 scan
6 scan 9 region
6 scan 10 around
7 a 8 circular
7 a 9 region
8 circular 9 region
10 around 13 disc
11 the 13 disc
12 optic 13 disc

outer and inner diameters of the 4 largest retinal arteries and veins were measured using oct vascular wall reflections , and vessel wall thickness was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 diameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 outer 2 and
2 and 3 inner
2 and 4 diameters
4 diameters 5 of
4 diameters 13 were
5 of 11 and
6 the 7 4
7 4 8 largest
7 4 10 arteries
9 retinal 10 arteries
10 arteries 11 and
11 and 12 veins
13 were 14 measured
14 measured 15 using
15 using 19 reflections
16 oct 19 reflections
17 vascular 18 wall
18 wall 19 reflections
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 thickness
21 and 26 calculated
22 vessel 24 thickness
23 wall 24 thickness
24 thickness 25 was
25 was 26 calculated

results : intervisit , interexaminer , and interevaluator intraclass correlation coefficients of randomly selected vessel measurements were all greater than 0.90 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 intervisit
3 intervisit 5 interexaminer
4 , 5 interexaminer
5 interexaminer 6 ,
7 and 11 coefficients
7 and 17 were
8 interevaluator 11 coefficients
9 intraclass 11 coefficients
10 correlation 11 coefficients
11 coefficients 12 of
11 coefficients 17 were
12 of 16 measurements
13 randomly 14 selected
14 selected 15 vessel
15 vessel 16 measurements
17 were 18 all
18 all 19 greater
19 greater 20 than
20 than 21 0.90

mean inner arterial and venous diameters [were] 87.8 ± 9.4 μm and 113.7 ± 12.5 μm , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 mean 6 diameters
1 mean 9 ±
2 inner 6 diameters
3 arterial 4 and
4 and 5 venous
4 and 6 diameters
6 diameters 8 87.8
6 diameters 9 ±
9 ± 11 μm
10 9.4 11 μm
12 and 13 113.7
12 and 14 ±
13 113.7 14 ±
14 ± 16 μm
14 ± 18 respectively
15 12.5 16 μm
17 , 18 respectively
18 respectively 19 .

the oct - measured mean inner arterial and venous diameters were significantly correlated to fundus photography caliber measurements ( p = [.] 005 and p = [.] 001 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 oct
3 - 10 diameters
3 - 13 correlated
3 - 24 and
3 - 32 .
4 measured 10 diameters
5 mean 10 diameters
6 inner 10 diameters
7 arterial 8 and
8 and 9 venous
8 and 10 diameters
10 diameters 11 were
11 were 13 correlated
12 significantly 13 correlated
13 correlated 14 to
13 correlated 21 =
14 to 18 measurements
15 fundus 16 photography
16 photography 17 caliber
17 caliber 18 measurements
19 ( 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 23 005
24 and 25 p
24 and 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 28 001
26 = 30 respectively
29 , 30 respectively
30 respectively 31 )

additionally , both mean arterial and venous wall thicknesses were significantly greater in subjects with [hypertension] than in age - matched subjects without hypertension [(] p [=] . 020 and p = [.] 015 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 both
3 both 4 mean
4 mean 6 and
4 mean 17 than
5 arterial 6 and
6 and 8 wall
6 and 9 thicknesses
6 and 15 with
7 venous 8 wall
9 thicknesses 10 were
10 were 11 significantly
10 were 12 greater
12 greater 13 in
12 greater 15 with
13 in 14 subjects
17 than 18 in
18 in 19 age
20 - 22 subjects
21 matched 22 subjects
22 subjects 23 without
23 without 24 hypertension
24 hypertension 26 p
28 . 29 020
28 . 30 and
28 . 38 .
30 and 31 p
30 and 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 34 015
32 = 36 respectively
35 , 36 respectively
36 respectively 37 )

conclusions : retinal vessel diameter measurements obtained with oct were highly reproducible and vessel wall thicknesses , calculated using outer and inner diameter measurements , were significantly thickened by both aging and systemic hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 retinal
2 : 10 were
2 : 13 and
3 retinal 10 were
4 vessel 6 measurements
5 diameter 6 measurements
6 measurements 7 obtained
6 measurements 10 were
7 obtained 8 with
8 with 9 oct
10 were 12 reproducible
11 highly 12 reproducible
13 and 16 thicknesses
13 and 28 thickened
14 vessel 15 wall
15 wall 16 thicknesses
16 thicknesses 26 were
17 , 18 calculated
18 calculated 19 using
18 calculated 26 were
19 using 21 and
20 outer 21 and
21 and 24 measurements
21 and 25 ,
22 inner 23 diameter
23 diameter 24 measurements
26 were 28 thickened
27 significantly 28 thickened
28 thickened 29 by
29 by 32 and
30 both 31 aging
30 both 32 and
32 and 34 hypertension
33 systemic 34 hypertension

eukaryotic genomic dna is highly packaged into chromatin by histones to fit inside the nucleus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 packaged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 eukaryotic 3 dna
2 genomic 3 dna
3 dna 4 is
4 is 5 highly
4 is 6 packaged
6 packaged 7 into
6 packaged 9 by
6 packaged 11 to
6 packaged 13 inside
7 into 8 chromatin
9 by 10 histones
11 to 12 fit
13 inside 15 nucleus
14 the 15 nucleus

other than the bulk packaging role of canonical histones with an expression peak at s [phase] and replication - coupled deposition , different histone variants have evolved distinct regulatory mechanisms for their expression , deposition and functional implications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 evolved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 other 2 than
2 than 17 and
2 than 25 variants
3 the 6 role
4 bulk 5 packaging
5 packaging 6 role
6 role 7 of
6 role 10 with
6 role 14 at
6 role 17 and
7 of 9 histones
8 canonical 9 histones
10 with 13 peak
11 an 12 expression
11 an 13 peak
12 expression 13 peak
14 at 15 s
17 and 18 replication
17 and 21 deposition
19 - 21 deposition
20 coupled 21 deposition
21 deposition 22 ,
23 different 24 histone
24 histone 25 variants
25 variants 26 have
26 have 27 evolved
27 evolved 30 mechanisms
27 evolved 31 for
28 distinct 30 mechanisms
29 regulatory 30 mechanisms
31 for 36 and
32 their 33 expression
33 expression 34 ,
34 , 35 deposition
34 , 36 and
36 and 38 implications
37 functional 38 implications

the diversity of histone variants results in structural plasticity of chromatin and highlights functionally distinct chromosomal domain , which plays critical roles in development from a fertilized egg into a complex organism , as well as in aging and diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diversity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
1 the 2 diversity
2 diversity 3 of
2 diversity 6 results
3 of 5 variants
4 histone 5 variants
6 results 7 in
7 in 12 and
8 structural 9 plasticity
9 plasticity 10 of
9 plasticity 12 and
10 of 11 chromatin
12 and 17 domain
13 highlights 17 domain
14 functionally 15 distinct
15 distinct 17 domain
16 chromosomal 17 domain
18 , 19 which
18 , 20 plays
19 which 20 plays
20 plays 22 roles
20 plays 23 in
21 critical 22 roles
23 in 24 development
24 development 25 from
24 development 29 into
24 development 34 as
25 from 28 egg
26 a 28 egg
27 fertilized 28 egg
29 into 32 organism
30 a 32 organism
31 complex 32 organism
33 , 34 as
34 as 39 and
34 as 41 .
35 well 36 as
35 well 39 and
36 as 37 in
37 in 38 aging
39 and 40 diseases

however , the mechanisms of this fundamental process are poorly understood so far . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mechanisms
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 of
4 mechanisms 9 are
5 of 8 process
6 this 7 fundamental
7 fundamental 8 process
9 are 10 poorly
9 are 11 understood
11 understood 13 far
12 so 13 far

[it] is [of] particular interest to investigate how the variants are incorporated into chromatin and mark specific chromatin states to regulate gene expression , and how they are involved in development and diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 is 5 interest
2 is 8 how
4 particular 5 interest
5 interest 6 to
5 interest 7 investigate
6 to 7 investigate
8 how 10 variants
8 how 12 incorporated
9 the 10 variants
10 variants 11 are
11 are 12 incorporated
12 incorporated 13 into
13 into 14 chromatin
15 and 18 chromatin
15 and 19 states
16 mark 18 chromatin
17 specific 18 chromatin
18 chromatin 19 states
19 states 20 to
19 states 27 they
19 states 29 involved
20 to 21 regulate
21 regulate 25 and
22 gene 23 expression
23 expression 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 how
27 they 28 are
28 are 29 involved
29 involved 30 in
30 in 32 and
31 development 32 and
32 and 33 diseases

in this review , we focus on recent progress in studies of epigenetic regulation of three extensively investigated variants including h2a.z , macroh2 [a] and h3.3 , and their functional implications in development and diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 focus
6 focus 7 on
6 focus 10 in
7 on 9 progress
8 recent 9 progress
10 in 11 studies
11 studies 12 of
12 of 14 regulation
13 epigenetic 14 regulation
14 regulation 15 of
15 of 19 variants
16 three 19 variants
17 extensively 18 investigated
18 investigated 19 variants
19 variants 20 including
20 including 21 h2a.z
22 , 28 and
23 macroh2 25 and
25 and 26 h3.3
25 and 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 31 implications
28 and 32 in
29 their 31 implications
30 functional 31 implications
32 in 34 and
33 development 34 and
34 and 35 diseases

hip [fracture] is a common trauma in older adults with a high incidence of depression , which relates to poorer prognosis including increased risk of infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 hip 3 is
3 is 6 trauma
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 trauma
5 common 6 trauma
6 trauma 7 in
6 trauma 14 of
7 in 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 with
10 with 13 incidence
11 a 12 high
11 a 13 incidence
12 high 13 incidence
14 of 15 depression
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 relates
17 which 18 relates
18 relates 19 to
19 to 24 risk
20 poorer 24 risk
21 prognosis 23 increased
22 including 23 increased
23 increased 24 risk
24 risk 25 of
25 of 26 infection

ageing is accompanied by reduced immunity , termed immunesenescence , resulting in increased susceptibility to infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accompanied
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 3 accompanied
3 accompanied 4 by
4 by 6 immunity
5 reduced 6 immunity
6 immunity 8 termed
6 immunity 11 resulting
7 , 8 termed
8 termed 9 immunesenescence
8 termed 10 ,
10 , 11 resulting
11 resulting 12 in
11 resulting 15 to
11 resulting 17 .
12 in 14 susceptibility
13 increased 14 susceptibility
15 to 16 infection

we examined whether physical trauma ( hip [fracture] [ )(and psychological distress ( depressive symptoms ) had additive effects upon the aged immune system that might contribute to poor outcomes after injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 whether
2 examined 31 after
3 whether 5 trauma
3 whether 17 had
4 physical 5 trauma
5 trauma 12 distress
5 trauma 17 had
6 ( 12 distress
7 hip 10 )(and
10 )(and 11 psychological
10 )(and 12 distress
12 distress 15 symptoms
12 distress 16 )
13 ( 15 symptoms
14 depressive 15 symptoms
15 symptoms 16 )
17 had 19 effects
18 additive 19 effects
19 effects 20 upon
19 effects 25 that
19 effects 26 might
20 upon 24 system
21 the 24 system
22 aged 24 system
23 immune 24 system
25 that 26 might
26 might 27 contribute
27 contribute 28 to
28 to 30 outcomes
29 poor 30 outcomes
31 after 32 injury

neutrophil [function] was assessed in 101 hip fracture patients ( 81 female ) 6 weeks and 6 months after injury and 43 healthy age - matched controls ( 28 [female] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neutrophil
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 neutrophil 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 in
4 assessed 25 -
5 in 9 patients
6 101 9 patients
7 hip 9 patients
8 fracture 9 patients
10 ( 25 -
11 81 15 weeks
12 female 13 )
12 female 15 weeks
14 6 15 weeks
15 weeks 16 and
16 and 18 months
16 and 19 after
16 and 21 and
17 6 18 months
19 after 20 injury
21 and 24 age
21 and 25 -
22 43 24 age
23 healthy 24 age
25 - 27 controls
25 - 31 )
26 matched 27 controls
27 controls 29 28
28 ( 29 28
29 28 31 )

thirty eight fracture patients had depressive symptoms at 6 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 thirty 2 eight
2 eight 4 patients
3 fracture 4 patients
4 patients 5 had
5 had 7 symptoms
5 had 8 at
6 depressive 7 symptoms
8 at 10 weeks
9 6 10 weeks

no difference in neutrophil phagocytosis of escherichia coli was observed between controls and hip fracture patients , but superoxide production was significantly reduced in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared with patients without symptoms ( p=.001 ) or controls ( p=.004 ) at 6 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 no 2 difference
2 difference 3 in
2 difference 9 was
3 in 5 phagocytosis
4 neutrophil 5 phagocytosis
5 phagocytosis 6 of
6 of 8 coli
7 escherichia 8 coli
9 was 10 observed
10 observed 11 between
11 between 13 and
12 controls 13 and
13 and 16 patients
14 hip 16 patients
15 fracture 16 patients
17 , 18 but
18 but 20 production
18 but 23 reduced
19 superoxide 20 production
20 production 21 was
21 was 22 significantly
21 was 23 reduced
23 reduced 24 in
23 reduced 28 with
23 reduced 44 at
24 in 27 patients
25 hip 27 patients
26 fracture 27 patients
28 with 30 symptoms
28 with 32 with
29 depressive 30 symptoms
30 symptoms 31 compared
32 with 39 or
33 patients 34 without
33 patients 39 or
34 without 35 symptoms
35 symptoms 37 p=.001
36 ( 37 p=.001
37 p=.001 38 )
39 or 40 controls
39 or 42 p=.004
41 ( 42 p=.004
42 p=.004 43 )
44 at 46 weeks
45 6 46 weeks

superoxide production improved 6 months following fracture to the level seen in controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 production
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 superoxide 2 production
2 production 3 improved
3 improved 4 6
4 6 5 months
4 6 7 fracture
5 months 6 following
5 months 7 fracture
7 fracture 8 to
8 to 10 level
9 the 10 level
10 level 11 seen
11 seen 12 in
12 in 13 controls

we detected elevated serum cortisol , reduced dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate ( dheas ) and an increased cortisol:dheas ratio in fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared with patients without depressive symptoms or controls at 6 weeks and 6 months after injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 detected
2 detected 5 cortisol
3 elevated 4 serum
4 serum 5 cortisol
5 cortisol 9 sulphate
6 , 9 sulphate
7 reduced 9 sulphate
8 dehydroepiandrosterone 9 sulphate
9 sulphate 11 dheas
9 sulphate 12 )
10 ( 11 dheas
11 dheas 12 )
13 and 17 ratio
13 and 30 or
14 an 17 ratio
15 increased 16 cortisol:dheas
16 cortisol:dheas 17 ratio
17 ratio 18 in
17 ratio 30 or
18 in 20 patients
19 fracture 20 patients
20 patients 21 with
21 with 23 symptoms
22 depressive 23 symptoms
24 compared 25 with
24 compared 27 without
24 compared 30 or
25 with 26 patients
27 without 29 symptoms
28 depressive 29 symptoms
30 or 31 controls
30 or 32 at
30 or 38 after
32 at 35 and
33 6 34 weeks
34 weeks 35 and
35 and 37 months
36 6 37 months
38 after 39 injury

serum il6 , tnfα and il10 were higher among patients with depressive symptoms at 6 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 serum 2 il6
2 il6 3 ,
3 , 4 tnfα
3 , 5 and
5 and 6 il10
5 and 7 were
7 were 8 higher
8 higher 9 among
8 higher 11 with
8 higher 14 at
9 among 10 patients
11 with 13 symptoms
12 depressive 13 symptoms
14 at 16 weeks
15 6 16 weeks

the cortisol:dheas ratio and il6 levels related to depressive symptom scores but not to neutrophil function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 ratio
2 cortisol:dheas 3 ratio
3 ratio 4 and
4 and 6 levels
4 and 7 related
4 and 12 but
4 and 16 function
5 il6 6 levels
8 to 11 scores
8 to 12 but
9 depressive 11 scores
10 symptom 11 scores
12 but 13 not
12 but 14 to
14 to 15 neutrophil

in conclusion , depressive symptoms related to poorer neutrophil [function] [after] hip fracture , but this was not driven by changes in stress [hormone] or cytokine levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 symptoms
3 , 13 fracture
3 , 15 but
4 depressive 5 symptoms
5 symptoms 6 related
5 symptoms 13 fracture
6 related 7 to
6 related 12 hip
7 to 9 neutrophil
8 poorer 9 neutrophil
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 this
15 but 17 was
16 this 17 was
17 was 18 not
17 was 20 by
17 was 22 in
18 not 19 driven
20 by 21 changes
22 in 25 or
23 stress 25 or
25 or 27 levels
26 cytokine 27 levels

airway hyperresponsiveness ( ahr ) occurs in both asthma and copd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hyperresponsiveness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 airway 2 hyperresponsiveness
2 hyperresponsiveness 4 ahr
2 hyperresponsiveness 6 occurs
3 ( 4 ahr
4 ahr 5 )
6 occurs 7 in
7 in 10 and
8 both 10 and
9 asthma 10 and
10 and 11 copd

in older people with asthma , ahr is associated with increased acinar ventilation heterogeneity , but it is unknown if this association exists in copd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ahr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 people
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 ahr
2 older 3 people
3 people 4 with
4 with 5 asthma
7 ahr 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 14 heterogeneity
11 increased 13 ventilation
12 acinar 13 ventilation
13 ventilation 14 heterogeneity
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 it
16 but 18 is
17 it 18 is
18 is 19 unknown
19 unknown 20 if
20 if 22 association
20 if 23 exists
21 this 22 association
22 association 23 exists
23 exists 24 in
24 in 25 copd

thirty one copd and 19 age - matched asthmatic subjects had measures of spirometry , lung volumes , exhaled nitric oxide , ventilation heterogeneity , and methacholine challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 thirty 2 one
2 one 3 copd
3 copd 4 and
4 and 6 age
5 19 6 age
7 - 10 subjects
7 - 11 had
7 - 15 ,
8 matched 10 subjects
9 asthmatic 10 subjects
10 subjects 11 had
11 had 12 measures
12 measures 13 of
13 of 14 spirometry
15 , 26 and
16 lung 17 volumes
17 volumes 18 ,
18 , 21 oxide
18 , 22 ,
19 exhaled 21 oxide
20 nitric 21 oxide
22 , 24 heterogeneity
22 , 26 and
23 ventilation 24 heterogeneity
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 challenge
27 methacholine 28 challenge

indices of acinar ( sacin [ )(and conducting ( scond ) airway ventilation heterogeneity were calculated from the multiple breath nitrogen washout . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 indices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 indices 2 of
1 indices 15 were
2 of 14 heterogeneity
3 acinar 7 )(and
3 acinar 12 airway
4 ( 7 )(and
5 sacin 7 )(and
7 )(and 8 conducting
7 )(and 10 scond
7 )(and 11 )
9 ( 10 scond
10 scond 11 )
12 airway 14 heterogeneity
13 ventilation 14 heterogeneity
15 were 16 calculated
16 calculated 17 from
17 from 22 washout
18 the 22 washout
19 multiple 20 breath
20 breath 22 washout
21 nitrogen 22 washout

predictors of ahr were then determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 predictors 2 of
1 predictors 4 were
2 of 3 ahr
4 were 5 then
4 were 6 determined

in copd , ahr was predicted by lower sacin and lower fvc ( model [r] [(] 2 )=0.35 , p=0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ahr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 copd
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 ahr
4 ahr 5 was
5 was 6 predicted
6 predicted 7 by
7 by 12 fvc
8 lower 12 fvc
9 sacin 10 and
10 and 11 lower
10 and 12 fvc
12 fvc 18 )=0.35
13 ( 18 )=0.35
14 model 18 )=0.35
17 2 18 )=0.35
18 )=0.35 20 p=0.001
18 )=0.35 21 )
19 , 20 p=0.001
20 p=0.001 21 )

in asthma , ahr was predicted by higher sacin and higher residual volume ( model [r] [(] 2 )=0.62 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ahr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 asthma
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 ahr
4 ahr 5 was
5 was 6 predicted
6 predicted 7 by
7 by 13 volume
8 higher 13 volume
9 sacin 10 and
10 and 11 higher
10 and 13 volume
12 residual 13 volume
13 volume 19 )=0.62
14 ( 19 )=0.62
15 model 19 )=0.62
18 2 19 )=0.62
19 )=0.62 21 p<0.001
19 )=0.62 22 )
20 , 21 p<0.001
21 p<0.001 22 )

these findings suggest that airway responsiveness in copd and asthma is determined by underlying disease - specific processes , rather than a common pattern of physiological abnormality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 responsiveness
4 that 11 is
5 airway 6 responsiveness
6 responsiveness 7 in
6 responsiveness 11 is
7 in 9 and
8 copd 9 and
9 and 10 asthma
11 is 12 determined
12 determined 13 by
13 by 14 underlying
14 underlying 15 disease
14 underlying 21 than
15 disease 18 processes
16 - 18 processes
17 specific 18 processes
18 processes 19 ,
20 rather 21 than
21 than 24 pattern
22 a 24 pattern
23 common 24 pattern
24 pattern 25 of
25 of 27 abnormality
26 physiological 27 abnormality

despite the benefits of regular physical activity among older adults , physical activity rates are low in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 despite 3 benefits
1 despite 11 ,
1 despite 14 rates
2 the 3 benefits
3 benefits 4 of
4 of 7 activity
5 regular 7 activity
6 physical 7 activity
7 activity 8 among
8 among 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
12 physical 13 activity
13 activity 14 rates
14 rates 15 are
15 are 16 low
16 low 17 in
17 in 19 population
18 this 19 population

the program for active aging and community engagement ( pace ) is an ongoing randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effects of two interventions on physical activity at 12 months among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 program
2 program 3 for
2 program 10 pace
2 program 12 is
3 for 6 and
4 active 5 aging
5 aging 6 and
6 and 8 engagement
7 community 8 engagement
9 ( 10 pace
10 pace 11 )
12 is 17 trial
13 an 17 trial
14 ongoing 17 trial
15 randomized 17 trial
16 controlled 17 trial
17 trial 18 designed
17 trial 29 at
18 designed 19 to
18 designed 20 compare
19 to 20 compare
20 compare 22 effects
21 the 22 effects
22 effects 23 of
23 of 25 interventions
24 two 25 interventions
25 interventions 26 on
26 on 28 activity
27 physical 28 activity
29 at 31 months
30 12 31 months
31 months 32 among
32 among 34 adults
33 older 34 adults

the pbpa intervention is delivered at a local ymca , and a regional grocery store chain donates the food to the food bank . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 delivered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 intervention
2 pbpa 3 intervention
3 intervention 4 is
4 is 5 delivered
5 delivered 6 at
6 at 9 ymca
7 a 8 local
7 a 9 ymca
8 local 9 ymca
10 , 11 and
11 and 16 chain
11 and 17 donates
12 a 13 regional
12 a 16 chain
13 regional 14 grocery
14 grocery 15 store
15 store 16 chain
16 chain 17 donates
17 donates 19 food
17 donates 20 to
18 the 19 food
20 to 23 bank
21 the 23 bank
22 food 23 bank

data will be collected at baseline , 3 , 6 , and 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 data 2 will
2 will 3 be
3 be 12 and
4 collected 5 at
4 collected 12 and
5 at 6 baseline
6 baseline 8 3
6 baseline 10 6
7 , 8 3
8 3 9 ,
9 , 10 6
10 6 11 ,
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 months
13 12 14 months

the primary outcome is physical activity as assessed by the community healthy activities model program for seniors ( champs ) questionnaire at 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 outcome
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 is
4 is 6 activity
4 is 9 by
4 is 16 for
4 is 22 at
5 physical 6 activity
6 activity 8 assessed
7 as 8 assessed
9 by 15 program
10 the 15 program
11 community 12 healthy
12 healthy 13 activities
13 activities 14 model
14 model 15 program
16 for 21 questionnaire
17 seniors 19 champs
18 ( 19 champs
19 champs 20 )
19 champs 21 questionnaire
22 at 24 months
23 12 24 months

secondary outcomes include physical function [and] health - related quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
1 secondary 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 include
3 include 7 health
4 physical 5 function
5 function 7 health
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 quality
9 related 13 .
10 quality 11 of
11 of 12 life

if successful , [the] pace study will demonstrate that prosocial behavior and volunteerism may be efficaciously incorporated into interventions and will provide evidence for a novel motivating factor for physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 if 6 study
1 if 8 demonstrate
1 if 12 and
2 successful 3 ,
2 successful 6 study
5 pace 6 study
6 study 7 will
7 will 8 demonstrate
9 that 11 behavior
10 prosocial 11 behavior
11 behavior 12 and
12 and 13 volunteerism
12 and 20 and
14 may 15 be
14 may 20 and
15 be 16 efficaciously
15 be 17 incorporated
17 incorporated 18 into
18 into 19 interventions
20 and 21 will
21 will 22 provide
22 provide 23 evidence
22 provide 24 for
24 for 28 factor
25 a 28 factor
26 novel 28 factor
27 motivating 28 factor
28 factor 29 for
29 for 31 activity
30 physical 31 activity

although cancer and aging have been studied as independent diseases , mounting evidence suggests that cancer is an aging [-] associated disease and that cancer and aging share many molecular pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 mounting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 3 and
1 although 6 been
1 although 11 ,
1 although 12 mounting
2 cancer 3 and
3 and 4 aging
3 and 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 10 diseases
7 studied 10 diseases
8 as 9 independent
9 independent 10 diseases
12 mounting 13 evidence
12 mounting 14 suggests
14 suggests 23 and
15 that 16 cancer
15 that 17 is
15 that 23 and
16 cancer 17 is
17 is 22 disease
18 an 22 disease
19 aging 22 disease
21 associated 22 disease
23 and 24 that
24 that 26 and
24 that 28 share
25 cancer 26 and
26 and 27 aging
26 and 28 share
28 share 31 pathways
29 many 31 pathways
30 molecular 31 pathways

in particular , recent studies validated telomerase activation as a potential therapeutic target for age - related diseases ; in addition , abnormal telomerase expression and telomerase mutations have been associated with many different types of human tumor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 5 studies
4 recent 5 studies
5 studies 6 validated
6 validated 8 activation
7 telomerase 8 activation
8 activation 9 as
8 activation 14 for
9 as 13 target
10 a 11 potential
10 a 13 target
11 potential 13 target
12 therapeutic 13 target
14 for 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 diseases
17 related 19 ;
19 ; 26 and
19 ; 31 associated
20 in 21 addition
20 in 22 ,
20 in 26 and
23 abnormal 24 telomerase
24 telomerase 25 expression
25 expression 26 and
26 and 28 mutations
26 and 29 have
27 telomerase 28 mutations
29 have 30 been
30 been 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
32 with 36 of
33 many 36 of
34 different 36 of
35 types 36 of
36 of 38 tumor
37 human 38 tumor

here , we revisit the connection between telomerase and cancer and aging in light of recent findings supporting a role for telomerase [not] only in telomere elongation , but also in metabolic fitness and wnt activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revisit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 revisit
4 revisit 6 connection
4 revisit 7 between
4 revisit 13 in
4 revisit 24 only
5 the 6 connection
7 between 11 and
8 telomerase 9 and
9 and 10 cancer
9 and 11 and
11 and 12 aging
13 in 14 light
14 light 15 of
15 of 17 findings
16 recent 17 findings
17 findings 18 supporting
18 supporting 20 role
19 a 20 role
20 role 21 for
21 for 22 telomerase
24 only 29 but
25 in 27 elongation
25 in 29 but
26 telomere 27 elongation
28 , 29 but
29 but 30 also
29 but 31 in
31 in 34 and
32 metabolic 33 fitness
33 fitness 34 and
34 and 36 activation
35 wnt 36 activation

understanding the physiological impact of telomerase regulation is [fundamental] given the therapeutic strategies that are being developed that [involve] telomerase modulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 understanding 4 impact
1 understanding 10 given
1 understanding 17 developed
2 the 4 impact
3 physiological 4 impact
4 impact 5 of
4 impact 8 is
5 of 7 regulation
6 telomerase 7 regulation
8 is 10 given
10 given 13 strategies
11 the 13 strategies
12 therapeutic 13 strategies
13 strategies 14 that
13 strategies 15 are
14 that 15 are
15 are 16 being
17 developed 21 modulation
18 that 21 modulation
20 telomerase 21 modulation

objective : the objective of this study was to assess variables associated with xerostomia in patients on chronic hemodialysis ( hd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 objective
2 : 12 associated
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 12 associated
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 11 variables
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 in
13 with 14 xerostomia
15 in 16 patients
16 patients 17 on
17 on 19 hemodialysis
18 chronic 19 hemodialysis
19 hemodialysis 21 hd
20 ( 21 hd
21 hd 22 )

design and methods : this was a cross - sectional study of 75 hd patients at an outpatient hd service . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 this
4 : 6 was
4 : 9 -
4 : 21 .
5 this 6 was
6 was 8 cross
7 a 8 cross
9 - 11 study
10 sectional 11 study
11 study 12 of
12 of 15 patients
13 75 15 patients
14 hd 15 patients
15 patients 16 at
16 at 20 service
17 an 20 service
18 outpatient 20 service
19 hd 20 service

demographic , clinical ( renal disease , hd regimen/duration , charlson comorbidity index , activities of daily living , instrumental activities of daily living [ iadl ] , body mass index [ )(, and laboratory ( hemoglobin , albumin , interleukin - 6 [ il - 6 ] , and parathyroid hormone ) parameters were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 demographic 2 ,
1 demographic 54 parameters
3 clinical 6 disease
3 clinical 7 ,
3 clinical 9 regimen/duration
4 ( 6 disease
5 renal 6 disease
6 disease 7 ,
8 hd 9 regimen/duration
9 regimen/duration 10 ,
10 , 13 index
10 , 14 ,
11 charlson 12 comorbidity
12 comorbidity 13 index
14 , 15 activities
14 , 28 ,
15 activities 16 of
16 of 18 living
17 daily 18 living
18 living 21 activities
19 , 21 activities
20 instrumental 21 activities
21 activities 22 of
21 activities 26 iadl
21 activities 27 ]
22 of 24 living
23 daily 24 living
25 [ 26 iadl
26 iadl 27 ]
28 , 31 index
28 , 34 and
29 body 31 index
30 mass 31 index
33 )(, 34 and
34 and 35 laboratory
34 and 37 hemoglobin
34 and 39 albumin
34 and 45 il
34 and 50 and
36 ( 37 hemoglobin
37 hemoglobin 38 ,
38 , 39 albumin
39 albumin 41 interleukin
39 albumin 42 -
40 , 41 interleukin
41 interleukin 42 -
42 - 45 il
43 6 45 il
44 [ 45 il
45 il 47 6
45 il 49 ,
46 - 47 6
47 6 48 ]
50 and 52 hormone
50 and 53 )
50 and 54 parameters
51 parathyroid 52 hormone
54 parameters 55 were
55 were 56 recorded

we assessed the appetite through the hemodialysis study appetite questionnaire and xerostomia through the xerostomia inventory ( xi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 4 appetite
2 assessed 5 through
2 assessed 13 through
3 the 4 appetite
5 through 11 and
6 the 10 questionnaire
7 hemodialysis 8 study
8 study 9 appetite
9 appetite 10 questionnaire
10 questionnaire 11 and
11 and 12 xerostomia
13 through 16 inventory
14 the 16 inventory
15 xerostomia 16 inventory
16 inventory 18 xi
17 ( 18 xi
18 xi 19 )

[a] [single] question [(] ["] how often does your mouth feel dry ? " [;] never [=] class 1 , almost never [=] class 2 , occasionally = class 3 , often [=] class 4 , very often [=] class 5 ) was also included in the study questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ?
3 question 6 how
3 question 12 dry
6 how 7 often
7 often 8 does
8 does 10 mouth
8 does 11 feel
9 your 10 mouth
13 ? 14 "
13 ? 19 1
13 ? 28 =
13 ? 31 ,
13 ? 50 .
16 never 18 class
16 never 19 1
19 1 24 class
19 1 28 =
20 , 22 never
20 , 24 class
21 almost 22 never
24 class 25 2
24 class 26 ,
27 occasionally 28 =
28 = 29 class
29 class 30 3
31 , 34 class
31 , 45 included
32 often 34 class
34 class 35 4
34 class 40 class
34 class 43 was
36 , 38 often
36 , 40 class
37 very 38 often
40 class 41 5
40 class 42 )
43 was 45 included
44 also 45 included
45 included 46 in
46 in 49 questionnaire
47 the 49 questionnaire
48 study 49 questionnaire

main outcome measure : the main outcome measure was factors correlated with xi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measure
4 : 8 measure
4 : 9 was
4 : 14 .
5 the 6 main
5 the 8 measure
7 outcome 8 measure
8 measure 9 was
9 was 10 factors
10 factors 11 correlated
11 correlated 12 with
12 with 13 xi

results : the median xi [score] was 18 [(] min - max = 11 - 33 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 median
2 : 7 was
2 : 11 -
3 the 4 median
4 median 5 xi
4 median 7 was
7 was 10 min
8 18 10 min
11 - 12 max
11 - 18 .
12 max 14 11
13 = 14 11
14 11 16 33
15 - 16 33
16 33 17 )

forty patients had an [xi] score of 18 or less [(] group 1 ) [and] between 18 and 35 ( group 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 forty 2 patients
2 patients 3 had
3 had 9 or
3 had 16 between
4 an 6 score
6 score 7 of
6 score 9 or
7 of 8 18
9 or 10 less
9 or 12 group
9 or 14 )
12 group 13 1
16 between 18 and
17 18 18 and
18 and 19 35
18 and 21 group
20 ( 21 group
21 group 22 2
21 group 23 )

in group 2 , age , charlson comorbidity index score , and number of patients with poor/very poor appetite were significantly higher . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 group
1 in 4 ,
1 in 12 and
2 group 3 2
5 age 6 ,
6 , 10 score
6 , 12 and
7 charlson 10 score
8 comorbidity 10 score
9 index 10 score
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 number
12 and 14 of
12 and 20 were
14 of 15 patients
15 patients 16 with
16 with 19 appetite
17 poor/very 19 appetite
18 poor 19 appetite
20 were 21 significantly
20 were 22 higher

at the univariate analysis , the score of [the] xi was significantly associated with age , appetite , iadl , charlson comorbidity index , and serum il - 6 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 at 4 analysis
1 at 5 ,
1 at 7 score
2 the 4 analysis
3 univariate 4 analysis
6 the 7 score
7 score 8 of
7 score 11 was
8 of 10 xi
11 was 13 associated
12 significantly 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 25 and
15 age 16 ,
16 , 17 appetite
16 , 18 ,
18 , 19 iadl
18 , 20 ,
20 , 23 index
20 , 25 and
21 charlson 23 index
22 comorbidity 23 index
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 il
26 serum 27 il
28 - 30 levels
29 6 30 levels

multiple linear regression analysis showed that [the] xi was independently associated with age and appetite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 xi
6 that 11 associated
8 xi 9 was
9 was 11 associated
10 independently 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 and
13 age 14 and
14 and 15 appetite

thirty - one patients were in class 1 to 2 , 23 were in class 3 , and 21 were in class 4 to 5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 - 3 one
2 - 11 ,
3 one 4 patients
3 one 5 were
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 in
6 in 7 class
7 class 9 to
8 1 9 to
9 to 10 2
11 , 12 23
11 , 13 were
11 , 18 and
12 23 13 were
13 were 14 in
14 in 15 class
15 class 16 3
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 21
18 and 20 were
19 21 20 were
20 were 21 in
21 in 22 class
22 class 24 to
23 4 24 to
24 to 25 5

in classes 4 to 5 , age and the number of patients with poor/very poor appetite were higher ( p = [.] 012 and [.] 09 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 classes
2 classes 4 to
2 classes 6 ,
3 4 4 to
4 to 5 5
6 , 7 age
6 , 8 and
8 and 10 number
8 and 11 of
8 and 17 were
9 the 10 number
11 of 12 patients
12 patients 13 with
13 with 16 appetite
14 poor/very 16 appetite
15 poor 16 appetite
17 were 18 higher
18 higher 21 =
18 higher 28 respectively
19 ( 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 24 and
23 012 24 and
24 and 26 09
27 , 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 )

conclusion : xerostomia is associated with old age and poor appetite in patients on chronic hd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 xerostomia
2 : 5 associated
3 xerostomia 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 12 in
5 associated 14 on
6 with 9 and
7 old 8 age
8 age 9 and
9 and 11 appetite
10 poor 11 appetite
12 in 13 patients
14 on 16 hd
15 chronic 16 hd

spectral analysis of acoustic stimuli occurs in the auditory periphery ( termed frequency selectivity ) as well as at the level [of] auditory cortex ( termed frequency specificity ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 spectral 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 6 occurs
3 of 5 stimuli
4 acoustic 5 stimuli
6 occurs 7 in
6 occurs 12 termed
6 occurs 16 as
6 occurs 18 as
7 in 10 periphery
8 the 10 periphery
9 auditory 10 periphery
11 ( 12 termed
12 termed 14 selectivity
12 termed 15 )
13 frequency 14 selectivity
16 as 17 well
18 as 19 at
19 at 24 cortex
20 the 24 cortex
21 level 24 cortex
23 auditory 24 cortex
24 cortex 26 termed
25 ( 26 termed
26 termed 28 specificity
26 termed 29 )
27 frequency 28 specificity

frequency selectivity is commonly investigated using an auditory filter model , while frequency specificity is often investigated as neural adaptation of the n1 response in electroencephalography ( eeg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 selectivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 frequency 2 selectivity
2 selectivity 3 is
3 is 5 investigated
4 commonly 5 investigated
5 investigated 6 using
6 using 10 model
6 using 12 while
7 an 8 auditory
7 an 10 model
8 auditory 9 filter
9 filter 10 model
11 , 12 while
12 while 14 specificity
12 while 17 investigated
12 while 29 )
13 frequency 14 specificity
14 specificity 15 is
15 is 17 investigated
16 often 17 investigated
17 investigated 18 as
17 investigated 25 in
18 as 20 adaptation
19 neural 20 adaptation
20 adaptation 21 of
21 of 24 response
22 the 24 response
23 n1 24 response
25 in 26 electroencephalography
26 electroencephalography 28 eeg
27 ( 28 eeg
28 eeg 29 )

however , the effects of aging on frequency - specific adaptation , and the link between peripheral frequency selectivity and neural frequency specificity have not received much attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 13 and
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 13 and
5 of 6 aging
6 aging 7 on
7 on 8 frequency
8 frequency 11 adaptation
9 - 11 adaptation
10 specific 11 adaptation
11 adaptation 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 link
13 and 16 between
13 and 24 have
14 the 15 link
16 between 20 and
17 peripheral 18 frequency
18 frequency 19 selectivity
19 selectivity 20 and
20 and 23 specificity
21 neural 22 frequency
22 frequency 23 specificity
24 have 25 not
24 have 26 received
26 received 28 attention
27 much 28 attention

the shape of auditory filters was comparable between age groups , and thus shows intact frequency selectivity in normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shape
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 shape
2 shape 3 of
2 shape 12 and
3 of 5 filters
4 auditory 5 filters
6 was 7 comparable
6 was 12 and
7 comparable 8 between
8 between 10 groups
9 age 10 groups
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 shows
13 thus 14 shows
14 shows 16 frequency
14 shows 17 selectivity
14 shows 18 in
15 intact 16 frequency
18 in 20 aging
19 normal 20 aging

in auditory cortex , both groups showed n1 frequency - specific neural adaptation effects that similarly varied with the spectral variance in the stimulation , while n1 responses were overall larger for older than younger participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 3 cortex
2 auditory 3 cortex
4 , 6 groups
4 , 7 showed
4 , 25 ,
5 both 6 groups
6 groups 7 showed
7 showed 8 n1
7 showed 9 frequency
9 frequency 14 effects
10 - 14 effects
11 specific 13 adaptation
12 neural 13 adaptation
13 adaptation 14 effects
14 effects 15 that
14 effects 17 varied
14 effects 25 ,
15 that 17 varied
16 similarly 17 varied
17 varied 18 with
17 varied 22 in
18 with 21 variance
19 the 21 variance
20 spectral 21 variance
22 in 24 stimulation
23 the 24 stimulation
25 , 28 responses
25 , 29 were
26 while 27 n1
26 while 28 responses
28 responses 29 were
29 were 30 overall
29 were 31 larger
31 larger 32 for
32 for 36 participants
33 older 36 participants
34 than 35 younger
35 younger 36 participants

importantly , the overall n1 [amplitude] , but not frequency - specific neural adaptation was correlated with the pass [-] band of the auditory filter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 adaptation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 14 adaptation
3 the 14 adaptation
4 overall 14 adaptation
5 n1 8 but
5 n1 14 adaptation
7 , 8 but
8 but 9 not
8 but 10 frequency
8 but 11 -
12 specific 14 adaptation
13 neural 14 adaptation
14 adaptation 15 was
15 was 16 correlated
16 correlated 17 with
17 with 21 band
18 the 21 band
19 pass 21 band
21 band 22 of
22 of 25 filter
23 the 25 filter
24 auditory 25 filter

thus , the current findings show a dissociation of peripheral frequency selectivity and neural frequency specificity , but suggest that widened auditory filters are compensated for [by] a response gain in frequency - specific areas [of] auditory cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 findings
3 the 5 findings
4 current 5 findings
5 findings 18 but
6 show 16 specificity
6 show 18 but
7 a 16 specificity
8 dissociation 9 of
8 dissociation 13 and
9 of 12 selectivity
10 peripheral 11 frequency
11 frequency 12 selectivity
13 and 15 frequency
13 and 16 specificity
14 neural 15 frequency
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 suggest
19 suggest 20 that
20 that 23 filters
20 that 25 compensated
21 widened 23 filters
22 auditory 23 filters
23 filters 24 are
24 are 25 compensated
25 compensated 26 for
25 compensated 31 in
26 for 30 gain
28 a 30 gain
29 response 30 gain
31 in 32 frequency
33 - 38 cortex
33 - 39 .
34 specific 35 areas
35 areas 38 cortex
37 auditory 38 cortex

advances in automatic text classification have been necessitated by the rapid increase in the availability of digital documents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 necessitated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 advances 2 in
1 advances 6 have
2 in 5 classification
3 automatic 4 text
4 text 5 classification
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 necessitated
8 necessitated 9 by
8 necessitated 13 in
9 by 12 increase
10 the 12 increase
11 rapid 12 increase
13 in 15 availability
14 the 15 availability
15 availability 16 of
16 of 18 documents
17 digital 18 documents

machine [learning] ( ml ) algorithms can ['] learn ['] from data : for instance a ml system can be trained on a set of features derived from written texts belonging to known categories , and learn to distinguish between them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 algorithms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 machine 4 ml
1 machine 6 algorithms
3 ( 4 ml
4 ml 5 )
6 algorithms 36 and
7 can 9 learn
7 can 36 and
9 learn 11 from
9 learn 13 :
11 from 12 data
13 : 18 system
13 : 21 trained
14 for 15 instance
15 instance 18 system
16 a 18 system
17 ml 18 system
18 system 19 can
19 can 20 be
20 be 21 trained
21 trained 22 on
22 on 24 set
23 a 24 set
24 set 25 of
24 set 27 derived
24 set 28 from
24 set 31 belonging
25 of 26 features
28 from 30 texts
29 written 30 texts
31 belonging 32 to
32 to 34 categories
33 known 34 categories
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 learn
36 and 40 between
37 learn 38 to
37 learn 39 distinguish
38 to 39 distinguish
40 between 41 them

such a trained system can then be used to classify unseen texts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 such 2 a
2 a 4 system
3 trained 4 system
4 system 5 can
5 can 7 be
6 then 7 be
7 be 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 classify
9 to 10 classify
10 classify 12 texts
11 unseen 12 texts

in this paper , we explore the potential of the technique to classify transcribed speech samples along clinical dimensions , using vocabulary data alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explore
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 explore
6 explore 8 potential
6 explore 12 to
6 explore 17 along
6 explore 21 using
7 the 8 potential
8 potential 9 of
9 of 11 technique
10 the 11 technique
12 to 13 classify
13 classify 16 samples
14 transcribed 15 speech
15 speech 16 samples
17 along 19 dimensions
18 clinical 19 dimensions
20 , 21 using
21 using 23 data
21 using 24 alone
21 using 25 .
22 vocabulary 23 data

we report the accuracy with which two related ml [algorithms] [ naive bayes gaussian ( nbg ) and naive bayes multinomial ( nbm ) ] categorized picture descriptions produced by [:] 32 semantic dementia ( sd ) patients versus 10 healthy , age - matched controls [;] and sd patients with left - ( n = 21 [ )(versus right - predominant ( n = 11 ) patterns of temporal lobe atrophy . 
1 we 2 report
2 report 4 accuracy
3 the 4 accuracy
4 accuracy 5 with
5 with 6 which
5 with 7 two
5 with 8 related
7 two 8 related
8 related 18 and
9 ml 14 gaussian
9 ml 18 and
11 [ 14 gaussian
12 naive 14 gaussian
13 bayes 14 gaussian
14 gaussian 16 nbg
14 gaussian 17 )
15 ( 16 nbg
16 nbg 17 )
18 and 28 descriptions
19 naive 28 descriptions
20 bayes 27 picture
21 multinomial 23 nbm
21 multinomial 25 ]
21 multinomial 27 picture
22 ( 23 nbm
23 nbm 24 )
26 categorized 27 picture
27 picture 28 descriptions
28 descriptions 29 produced
28 descriptions 39 versus
29 produced 30 by
30 by 38 patients
32 32 38 patients
33 semantic 38 patients
34 dementia 36 sd
34 dementia 37 )
34 dementia 38 patients
35 ( 36 sd
36 sd 37 )
39 versus 48 and
40 10 46 controls
41 healthy 43 age
41 healthy 44 -
41 healthy 46 controls
42 , 43 age
43 age 44 -
45 matched 46 controls
46 controls 48 and
48 and 50 patients
48 and 53 -
48 and 56 =
49 sd 50 patients
50 patients 51 with
51 with 52 left
54 ( 56 =
55 n 56 =
56 = 57 21
57 21 59 )(versus
57 21 68 patterns
59 )(versus 60 right
61 - 68 patterns
62 predominant 65 =
62 predominant 68 patterns
63 ( 65 =
64 n 65 =
65 = 66 11
65 = 67 )
68 patterns 69 of
68 patterns 73 .
69 of 72 atrophy
70 temporal 71 lobe
71 lobe 72 atrophy

we used information [gain] ( ig ) to identify the vocabulary features that were most informative to each of these two distinctions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 3 information
2 used 8 to
3 information 6 ig
5 ( 6 ig
6 ig 7 )
8 to 9 identify
9 identify 12 features
9 identify 17 to
10 the 12 features
11 vocabulary 12 features
12 features 13 that
12 features 14 were
13 that 14 were
14 were 16 informative
15 most 16 informative
17 to 22 distinctions
18 each 19 of
18 each 22 distinctions
19 of 22 distinctions
20 these 21 two
21 two 22 distinctions

in the sd [versus] control classification task , both algorithms achieved accuracies of greater than 90 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 algorithms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 7 task
1 in 8 ,
1 in 10 algorithms
2 the 7 task
3 sd 7 task
5 control 7 task
6 classification 7 task
9 both 10 algorithms
10 algorithms 11 achieved
11 achieved 12 accuracies
12 accuracies 13 of
13 of 17 %
14 greater 15 than
15 than 16 90
16 90 17 %

the most informative features for the patient versus control task were low frequency content words , generic terms and components of metanarrative statements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 features
2 most 10 task
2 most 11 were
3 informative 4 features
4 features 5 for
4 features 10 task
5 for 7 patient
6 the 7 patient
7 patient 8 versus
8 versus 9 control
11 were 19 and
12 low 13 frequency
13 frequency 15 words
14 content 15 words
15 words 16 ,
16 , 18 terms
16 , 19 and
17 generic 18 terms
19 and 20 components
19 and 21 of
21 of 23 statements
22 metanarrative 23 statements

for the right [versus] left task the number of informative lexical features was too small to support any specific inferences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 for 6 task
1 for 13 was
2 the 6 task
3 right 6 task
5 left 6 task
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 13 was
9 of 12 features
10 informative 12 features
11 lexical 12 features
13 was 15 small
14 too 15 small
15 small 16 to
15 small 17 support
16 to 17 support
17 support 20 inferences
18 any 20 inferences
19 specific 20 inferences

an enriched feature set , including values derived from quantitative production analysis ( qpa ) may shed further light on this little understood distinction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 feature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 shed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 an 3 feature
2 enriched 3 feature
3 feature 4 set
3 feature 16 may
4 set 6 including
5 , 6 including
6 including 7 values
6 including 15 )
7 values 8 derived
8 derived 9 from
9 from 14 qpa
10 quantitative 11 production
11 production 12 analysis
12 analysis 14 qpa
13 ( 14 qpa
16 may 17 shed
17 shed 19 light
17 shed 20 on
18 further 19 light
20 on 24 distinction
21 this 24 distinction
22 little 24 distinction
23 understood 24 distinction

none in young individuals , caffeine - mediated blockade [of] adenosine receptors and vasoconstriction has direct repercussions on task [-] related activations , changes in functional connectivity , as well as global vascular effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 blockade
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 none 4 individuals
1 none 8 mediated
1 none 9 blockade
2 in 4 individuals
3 young 4 individuals
4 individuals 6 caffeine
4 individuals 8 mediated
5 , 6 caffeine
6 caffeine 7 -
9 blockade 12 receptors
11 adenosine 12 receptors
13 and 14 vasoconstriction
13 and 15 has
14 vasoconstriction 15 has
15 has 17 repercussions
16 direct 17 repercussions
17 repercussions 18 on
17 repercussions 31 as
18 on 22 activations
19 task 22 activations
21 related 22 activations
22 activations 24 changes
23 , 24 changes
24 changes 25 in
24 changes 28 ,
25 in 27 connectivity
26 functional 27 connectivity
29 as 30 well
30 well 31 as
31 as 34 effects
32 global 34 effects
33 vascular 34 effects

to date , no study has explored the effect of caffeine on brain activation patterns during highly demanding cognitive tasks in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 5 study
3 , 7 explored
4 no 5 study
5 study 6 has
6 has 7 explored
7 explored 9 effect
7 explored 12 on
7 explored 16 during
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
10 of 11 caffeine
12 on 15 patterns
13 brain 15 patterns
14 activation 15 patterns
16 during 20 tasks
17 highly 18 demanding
18 demanding 20 tasks
19 cognitive 20 tasks
20 tasks 21 in
21 in 23 elderly
22 the 23 elderly

this prospective , placebo - controlled crossover design comprises 24 healthy elderly individuals ( mean age 68.8 ± 4.0 years , 17 females [ )(performing [a] 2 - back working memory ( wm ) task in functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 placebo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 this 2 prospective
2 prospective 3 ,
2 prospective 4 placebo
5 - 8 design
5 - 9 comprises
5 - 21 ,
6 controlled 7 crossover
7 crossover 8 design
8 design 9 comprises
9 comprises 13 individuals
10 24 13 individuals
11 healthy 13 individuals
12 elderly 13 individuals
13 individuals 20 years
14 ( 20 years
15 mean 20 years
16 age 20 years
17 68.8 18 ±
18 ± 20 years
19 4.0 20 years
20 years 21 ,
21 , 23 females
21 , 35 task
22 17 23 females
23 females 25 )(performing
23 females 35 task
25 )(performing 27 2
27 2 31 memory
28 - 31 memory
29 back 30 working
30 working 31 memory
31 memory 33 wm
31 memory 34 )
32 ( 33 wm
33 wm 34 )
35 task 36 in
36 in 40 imaging
37 functional 39 resonance
38 magnetic 39 resonance
39 resonance 40 imaging
40 imaging 42 fmri
41 ( 42 fmri
42 fmri 43 )

analyses include complimentary assessment of task [-] related activations ( general linear [model] , glm ) , functional connectivity ( tensorial independent component analysis , tica ) , and baseline perfusion ( arterial spin [labeling] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 analyses 2 include
2 include 29 and
3 complimentary 4 assessment
4 assessment 5 of
4 assessment 29 and
5 of 9 activations
6 task 8 related
8 related 9 activations
9 activations 19 connectivity
10 ( 19 connectivity
11 general 19 connectivity
12 linear 15 glm
12 linear 17 ,
12 linear 19 connectivity
14 , 15 glm
15 glm 16 )
18 functional 19 connectivity
19 connectivity 24 analysis
19 connectivity 26 tica
19 connectivity 28 ,
20 ( 24 analysis
21 tensorial 24 analysis
22 independent 24 analysis
23 component 24 analysis
24 analysis 25 ,
25 , 26 tica
26 tica 27 )
29 and 31 perfusion
29 and 34 spin
30 baseline 31 perfusion
32 ( 34 spin
33 arterial 34 spin
34 spin 36 )

despite a reduction in whole - brain global perfusion ( - 22.7 % ) , caffeine - enhanced task - related glm activation in a local and distributed network is most pronounced in the bilateral striatum and to a lesser degree in the right middle and inferior frontal gyrus , bilateral insula , left superior and inferior parietal lobule as well as in the cerebellum bilaterally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
1 despite 3 reduction
1 despite 19 task
2 a 3 reduction
3 reduction 4 in
3 reduction 9 perfusion
3 reduction 18 enhanced
4 in 7 brain
5 whole 6 -
5 whole 7 brain
8 global 9 perfusion
9 perfusion 13 %
9 perfusion 16 caffeine
9 perfusion 18 enhanced
10 ( 13 %
11 - 12 22.7
12 22.7 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 , 16 caffeine
16 caffeine 17 -
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 glm
21 related 37 and
21 related 67 .
22 glm 23 activation
22 glm 30 is
22 glm 32 pronounced
23 activation 24 in
23 activation 30 is
24 in 27 and
25 a 26 local
26 local 27 and
27 and 29 network
28 distributed 29 network
31 most 32 pronounced
33 in 36 striatum
33 in 37 and
34 the 36 striatum
35 bilateral 36 striatum
37 and 38 to
38 to 46 and
39 a 41 degree
40 lesser 41 degree
41 degree 42 in
41 degree 46 and
42 in 45 middle
43 the 45 middle
44 right 45 middle
46 and 47 inferior
46 and 49 gyrus
46 and 54 left
46 and 59 lobule
48 frontal 49 gyrus
49 gyrus 52 insula
49 gyrus 54 left
50 , 52 insula
51 bilateral 52 insula
52 insula 53 ,
54 left 56 and
54 left 58 parietal
55 superior 56 and
56 and 57 inferior
59 lobule 60 as
59 lobule 62 as
59 lobule 66 bilaterally
60 as 61 well
62 as 63 in
63 in 65 cerebellum
64 the 65 cerebellum

the inverse comparison of placebo [versus] caffeine had no significant difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 comparison
2 inverse 3 comparison
3 comparison 4 of
3 comparison 8 had
4 of 7 caffeine
5 placebo 7 caffeine
8 had 11 difference
9 no 11 difference
10 significant 11 difference

activation strength of the task [-] relevant - network component correlated [with] response accuracy for caffeine yet not [for] placebo , indicating a selective cognitive effect of caffeine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 correlated
1 activation 2 strength
2 strength 3 of
2 strength 11 correlated
3 of 10 component
4 the 10 component
5 task 10 component
7 relevant 8 -
7 relevant 9 network
9 network 10 component
11 correlated 17 yet
11 correlated 22 indicating
13 response 14 accuracy
14 accuracy 15 for
14 accuracy 17 yet
15 for 16 caffeine
17 yet 18 not
17 yet 20 placebo
21 , 22 indicating
22 indicating 26 effect
22 indicating 29 .
23 a 24 selective
23 a 26 effect
24 selective 26 effect
25 cognitive 26 effect
26 effect 27 of
27 of 28 caffeine

the present findings suggest that acute caffeine intake enhances wm - related brain activation as well as functional connectivity of blood oxygen level - dependent fmri in elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 findings
2 present 3 findings
3 findings 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 8 intake
5 that 9 enhances
6 acute 7 caffeine
7 caffeine 8 intake
8 intake 9 enhances
9 enhances 10 wm
11 - 12 related
12 related 14 activation
12 related 16 well
12 related 17 as
12 related 24 -
13 brain 14 activation
15 as 16 well
17 as 19 connectivity
18 functional 19 connectivity
19 connectivity 20 of
20 of 23 level
21 blood 23 level
22 oxygen 23 level
24 - 26 fmri
25 dependent 26 fmri
26 fmri 27 in
27 in 29 individuals
28 elderly 29 individuals

trial - to [-] trial reaction time ( rt ) variability is consistently higher in children and older adults than in younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 trial 2 -
1 trial 11 variability
2 - 3 to
3 to 7 time
3 to 10 )
3 to 11 variability
5 trial 7 time
6 reaction 7 time
7 time 9 rt
8 ( 9 rt
9 rt 10 )
11 variability 12 is
12 is 14 higher
13 consistently 14 higher
14 higher 15 in
14 higher 20 than
15 in 17 and
16 children 17 and
17 and 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
20 than 21 in
21 in 23 adults
22 younger 23 adults

converging evidence also indicates that higher rt variability is ( [a] [ )(associated with lower behavioral performance on complex cognitive tasks [,] [(] [b] ) distinguishes patients with neurological deficits from healthy individuals , and also [(] [c] ) [predicts] longitudinal cognitive decline in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 converging 2 evidence
2 evidence 4 indicates
3 also 4 indicates
4 indicates 5 that
5 that 7 rt
5 that 26 distinguishes
6 higher 7 rt
7 rt 8 variability
7 rt 9 is
7 rt 13 )(associated
7 rt 26 distinguishes
8 variability 9 is
10 ( 13 )(associated
13 )(associated 14 with
13 )(associated 25 )
14 with 17 performance
15 lower 17 performance
16 behavioral 17 performance
17 performance 18 on
18 on 21 tasks
19 complex 21 tasks
20 cognitive 21 tasks
26 distinguishes 35 and
26 distinguishes 44 in
27 patients 28 with
27 patients 35 and
28 with 30 deficits
29 neurological 30 deficits
30 deficits 31 from
31 from 33 individuals
32 healthy 33 individuals
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 also
35 and 43 decline
36 also 39 )
41 longitudinal 43 decline
42 cognitive 43 decline
44 in 46 adults
45 older 46 adults

however , so far the processes underlying increased rt variability are poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 processes
3 so 4 far
4 far 6 processes
5 the 6 processes
6 processes 7 underlying
6 processes 11 are
7 underlying 10 variability
8 increased 10 variability
9 rt 10 variability
11 are 13 understood
12 poorly 13 understood

previous evidence suggests that control signals in the medial frontal cortex ( mfc ) are reflected in theta band activity and may implicate the coordination of distinct brain areas during performance monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 previous 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 6 signals
4 that 21 and
5 control 6 signals
6 signals 7 in
6 signals 15 are
7 in 11 cortex
8 the 11 cortex
9 medial 11 cortex
10 frontal 11 cortex
11 cortex 13 mfc
12 ( 13 mfc
13 mfc 14 )
15 are 21 and
16 reflected 17 in
16 reflected 21 and
17 in 20 activity
18 theta 20 activity
19 band 20 activity
21 and 22 may
22 may 23 implicate
23 implicate 25 coordination
23 implicate 30 during
24 the 25 coordination
25 coordination 26 of
26 of 29 areas
27 distinct 28 brain
28 brain 29 areas
30 during 32 monitoring
31 performance 32 monitoring

we hypothesized that greater trial - [to] - trial variability in theta power during performance monitoring may be associated with greater behavioral variability in response latencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 5 trial
3 that 5 trial
4 greater 5 trial
6 - 8 -
6 - 19 associated
6 - 27 .
8 - 10 variability
9 trial 10 variability
10 variability 11 in
10 variability 14 during
10 variability 17 may
11 in 13 power
12 theta 13 power
14 during 16 monitoring
15 performance 16 monitoring
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 24 in
20 with 23 variability
21 greater 23 variability
22 behavioral 23 variability
24 in 26 latencies
25 response 26 latencies

[we] analyzed event - related theta oscillations assessed during a cued [-] go/nogo task in a lifespan sample covering the age range from middle childhood to old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 event
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 analyzed 3 event
4 - 5 related
5 related 7 oscillations
5 related 9 during
5 related 15 in
6 theta 7 oscillations
7 oscillations 8 assessed
9 during 14 task
10 a 14 task
11 cued 14 task
13 go/nogo 14 task
15 in 18 sample
16 a 17 lifespan
16 a 18 sample
17 lifespan 18 sample
18 sample 19 covering
19 covering 22 range
19 covering 23 from
19 covering 26 to
20 the 22 range
21 age 22 range
23 from 25 childhood
24 middle 25 childhood
26 to 28 age
27 old 28 age

our results show that theta [inter] - trial coherence during nogo trials increases from childhood to early adulthood , and decreases from early adulthood to old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 5 theta
4 that 5 theta
7 - 9 coherence
7 - 13 increases
7 - 28 .
8 trial 9 coherence
9 coherence 10 during
9 coherence 13 increases
10 during 12 trials
11 nogo 12 trials
13 increases 14 from
13 increases 16 to
13 increases 25 to
14 from 15 childhood
16 to 20 and
17 early 18 adulthood
18 adulthood 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 decreases
20 and 22 from
22 from 24 adulthood
23 early 24 adulthood
25 to 27 age
26 old 27 age

moreover , in all age groups , individuals with higher variability in medial frontal stimulus - locked theta oscillations showed higher [trial] - to [-] trial rt variability behaviorally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 age
3 in 4 all
3 in 5 age
5 age 6 groups
6 groups 16 -
6 groups 24 to
6 groups 29 behaviorally
7 , 16 -
8 individuals 9 with
8 individuals 16 -
9 with 11 variability
10 higher 11 variability
11 variability 12 in
12 in 15 stimulus
13 medial 15 stimulus
14 frontal 15 stimulus
16 - 18 theta
16 - 23 -
17 locked 18 theta
18 theta 19 oscillations
18 theta 20 showed
19 oscillations 20 showed
20 showed 21 higher
24 to 28 variability
26 trial 28 variability
27 rt 28 variability

importantly , this effect was [strongest] at high performance monitoring demands and independent of motor response execution as well as theta power . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 effect
3 this 4 effect
4 effect 5 was
5 was 7 at
5 was 20 as
7 at 12 and
8 high 9 performance
9 performance 10 monitoring
9 performance 12 and
10 monitoring 11 demands
12 and 13 independent
12 and 14 of
14 of 17 execution
15 motor 17 execution
16 response 17 execution
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 22 power
21 theta 22 power

taken together , our findings reveal that lower theta [inter] - trial coherence is related to greater behavioral variability [within] and across age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 our 5 findings
5 findings 6 reveal
6 reveal 9 theta
7 that 9 theta
8 lower 9 theta
11 - 13 coherence
11 - 15 related
11 - 25 .
12 trial 13 coherence
13 coherence 14 is
14 is 15 related
15 related 21 and
16 to 19 variability
16 to 21 and
17 greater 19 variability
18 behavioral 19 variability
21 and 22 across
22 across 24 groups
23 age 24 groups

these results hint at the possibility that more variable mfc control may be associated with greater performance fluctuations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 hint
3 hint 4 at
3 hint 7 that
4 at 6 possibility
5 the 6 possibility
7 that 11 control
7 that 14 associated
8 more 11 control
9 variable 11 control
10 mfc 11 control
11 control 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 18 fluctuations
16 greater 17 performance
17 performance 18 fluctuations

background : nocturnal hypoglycemia was a common and serious problem among patients with type 2 diabetes ( t2dm ) , especially in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 hypoglycemia
2 : 5 was
3 nocturnal 4 hypoglycemia
4 hypoglycemia 5 was
5 was 10 problem
6 a 10 problem
7 common 8 and
8 and 9 serious
8 and 10 problem
10 problem 11 among
10 problem 13 with
11 among 12 patients
13 with 16 diabetes
14 type 16 diabetes
15 2 16 diabetes
16 diabetes 18 t2dm
16 diabetes 22 in
17 ( 18 t2dm
18 t2dm 19 )
20 , 21 especially
20 , 22 in
22 in 24 elderly
22 in 25 .
23 the 24 elderly

this study investigated whether fasting glucose was an indicator of nocturnal hypoglycemia in elderly male patients with t2dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
3 investigated 13 in
3 investigated 17 with
4 whether 6 glucose
4 whether 7 was
5 fasting 6 glucose
6 glucose 7 was
7 was 9 indicator
8 an 9 indicator
9 indicator 10 of
10 of 12 hypoglycemia
11 nocturnal 12 hypoglycemia
13 in 16 patients
14 elderly 16 patients
15 male 16 patients
17 with 18 t2dm

methods : a total of 291 elderly male type 2 diabetic patients who received continuous glucose monitoring ( cgm ) between january 2007 and january 2011 were enrolled in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 24 and
2 : 28 enrolled
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 24 and
5 of 12 patients
6 291 12 patients
7 elderly 9 type
8 male 9 type
9 type 12 patients
10 2 11 diabetic
11 diabetic 12 patients
12 patients 13 who
12 patients 14 received
13 who 14 received
14 received 17 monitoring
14 received 21 between
15 continuous 16 glucose
16 glucose 17 monitoring
17 monitoring 19 cgm
18 ( 19 cgm
19 cgm 20 )
21 between 22 january
22 january 23 2007
24 and 25 january
24 and 27 were
25 january 26 2011
27 were 28 enrolled
28 enrolled 29 in
29 in 31 study
30 the 31 study

the association of fasting glucose and nocturnal hypoglycemia based on cgm data was analyzed , comparing with bedtime glucose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 6 and
3 of 5 glucose
4 fasting 5 glucose
6 and 8 hypoglycemia
6 and 9 based
6 and 16 comparing
7 nocturnal 8 hypoglycemia
9 based 10 on
9 based 14 analyzed
10 on 11 cgm
11 cgm 12 data
11 cgm 13 was
12 data 13 was
15 , 16 comparing
16 comparing 17 with
16 comparing 20 .
17 with 19 glucose
18 bedtime 19 glucose

compared with the highest quartile , the lowest quartile of fasting glucose had a significantly increased risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia after the multiple adjustments ( pfor trend [<] 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 quartile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 9 quartile
2 with 5 quartile
3 the 4 highest
3 the 5 quartile
7 the 8 lowest
7 the 9 quartile
9 quartile 10 of
9 quartile 13 had
10 of 12 glucose
11 fasting 12 glucose
13 had 17 risk
13 had 21 after
14 a 17 risk
15 significantly 16 increased
16 increased 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 20 hypoglycemia
19 nocturnal 20 hypoglycemia
21 after 24 adjustments
22 the 24 adjustments
23 multiple 24 adjustments
24 adjustments 27 trend
25 ( 27 trend
26 pfor 27 trend
27 trend 29 0.001
27 trend 30 )

however , this association did not appear in bedtime glucose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 association
3 this 4 association
4 association 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 appear
7 appear 8 in
8 in 10 glucose
9 bedtime 10 glucose

on the roc curve , the youden index was maximal when fasting glucose was 6.1 mmol/l . conclusions : fasting glucose may be a convenient and clinically useful indicator of nocturnal hypoglycemia in elderly male patients with t2dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 on 4 curve
1 on 5 ,
1 on 8 index
2 the 4 curve
3 roc 4 curve
6 the 8 index
7 youden 8 index
8 index 9 was
9 was 10 maximal
10 maximal 11 when
11 when 13 glucose
11 when 14 was
12 fasting 13 glucose
13 glucose 14 was
14 was 16 mmol/l
15 6.1 16 mmol/l
17 . 18 conclusions
17 . 19 :
19 : 21 glucose
19 : 23 be
19 : 39 .
20 fasting 21 glucose
21 glucose 22 may
22 may 23 be
23 be 29 indicator
24 a 29 indicator
25 convenient 26 and
26 and 28 useful
26 and 29 indicator
27 clinically 28 useful
29 indicator 30 of
29 indicator 33 in
29 indicator 37 with
30 of 32 hypoglycemia
31 nocturnal 32 hypoglycemia
33 in 36 patients
34 elderly 35 male
35 male 36 patients
37 with 38 t2dm

risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia significantly increased when fasting glucose was less than 6.1 mmol/l [.] objective : alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the corpus callosum ( cc ) , which plays a key role in interhemispheric coupling in high - demand conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 demand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 risk 2 of
1 risk 10 was
2 of 4 hypoglycemia
3 nocturnal 4 hypoglycemia
4 hypoglycemia 6 increased
5 significantly 6 increased
6 increased 7 when
7 when 8 fasting
8 fasting 9 glucose
10 was 16 objective
10 was 17 :
11 less 12 than
12 than 13 6.1
13 6.1 14 mmol/l
14 mmol/l 16 objective
17 : 20 disease
17 : 30 affects
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease
20 disease 22 ad
20 disease 24 is
21 ( 22 ad
22 ad 23 )
24 is 28 disorder
25 a 28 disorder
26 progressive 28 disorder
27 neurodegenerative 28 disorder
28 disorder 29 that
28 disorder 30 affects
29 that 30 affects
30 affects 33 callosum
31 the 33 callosum
32 corpus 33 callosum
33 callosum 35 cc
33 callosum 38 which
34 ( 35 cc
35 cc 36 )
37 , 38 which
38 which 39 plays
38 which 48 -
39 plays 42 role
39 plays 46 in
39 plays 47 high
40 a 42 role
41 key 42 role
42 role 43 in
43 in 45 coupling
44 interhemispheric 45 coupling
48 - 49 demand
49 demand 50 conditions

using 3 d callosal measurements and a letter - matching paradigm , this 2 - part study investigated the neural substrate of interhemispheric coupling in individuals with ad or amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( a - mci ) and age - matched healthy individuals ( hc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 using 5 measurements
2 3 3 d
3 d 5 measurements
4 callosal 5 measurements
5 measurements 6 and
6 and 8 letter
7 a 8 letter
9 - 11 paradigm
9 - 12 ,
9 - 15 -
10 matching 11 paradigm
12 , 13 this
14 2 15 -
15 - 17 study
16 part 17 study
17 study 18 investigated
18 investigated 21 substrate
19 the 21 substrate
20 neural 21 substrate
21 substrate 22 of
22 of 24 coupling
23 interhemispheric 24 coupling
24 coupling 25 in
25 in 26 individuals
26 individuals 27 with
27 with 39 and
28 ad 29 or
29 or 33 impairment
29 or 36 -
29 or 39 and
30 amnestic 33 impairment
31 mild 33 impairment
32 cognitive 33 impairment
34 ( 36 -
35 a 36 -
36 - 37 mci
36 - 38 )
39 and 40 age
39 and 44 individuals
41 - 44 individuals
42 matched 44 individuals
43 healthy 44 individuals
44 individuals 46 hc
44 individuals 47 )
45 ( 46 hc
46 hc 47 )

method : thirty - three right - handed participants were mri scanned to measure the volume of [the] cc in 5 sections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 6 right
2 : 7 -
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 three
4 - 6 right
7 - 8 handed
7 - 10 were
8 handed 9 participants
8 handed 10 were
10 were 11 mri
11 mri 12 scanned
11 mri 13 to
11 mri 14 measure
13 to 14 measure
14 measure 16 volume
15 the 16 volume
16 volume 17 of
16 volume 20 in
17 of 19 cc
20 in 22 sections
21 5 22 sections

the volume of the anterior part of [the] cc was significantly negatively correlated with the interhemispheric behavioral indices for the [a] [-] [mci] group ( study 1 and study 2b ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 volume
2 volume 3 of
2 volume 10 was
3 of 6 part
4 the 6 part
5 anterior 6 part
6 part 7 of
7 of 9 cc
10 was 13 correlated
11 significantly 13 correlated
12 negatively 13 correlated
13 correlated 14 with
14 with 18 indices
15 the 18 indices
16 interhemispheric 18 indices
17 behavioral 18 indices
18 indices 19 for
19 for 24 group
20 the 24 group
24 group 28 and
25 ( 28 and
26 study 27 1
26 study 28 and
28 and 30 2b
28 and 31 )
29 study 30 2b

conclusion : this study provides evidence that interhemispheric coupling may constitute a flexible mechanism that can improve the brain 's ability to meet processing demands for low cognitive demand in ad and for high cognitive demand in normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 20 's
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 provides
6 evidence 7 that
6 evidence 11 constitute
6 evidence 20 's
7 that 9 coupling
7 that 11 constitute
8 interhemispheric 9 coupling
9 coupling 10 may
10 may 11 constitute
11 constitute 14 mechanism
12 a 14 mechanism
13 flexible 14 mechanism
14 mechanism 15 that
14 mechanism 16 can
15 that 16 can
16 can 17 improve
17 improve 19 brain
18 the 19 brain
20 's 21 ability
20 's 32 and
22 to 25 demands
22 to 32 and
23 meet 25 demands
24 processing 25 demands
25 demands 26 for
25 demands 30 in
26 for 29 demand
27 low 29 demand
28 cognitive 29 demand
30 in 31 ad
32 and 33 for
33 for 36 demand
34 high 36 demand
35 cognitive 36 demand
36 demand 37 in
37 in 39 aging
38 normal 39 aging

objective : this study examined the impact of age and apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) genotype on the rate of cognitive decline [in] nondemented elderly participants in a simulated alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) primary prevention treatment [trial] carried out by the alzheimer 's disease cooperative study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 examined
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 examined
5 examined 10 and
5 examined 45 's
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
7 impact 10 and
8 of 9 age
10 and 11 apolipoprotein
10 and 14 apoe
10 and 16 genotype
11 apolipoprotein 12 e
13 ( 14 apoe
14 apoe 15 )
16 genotype 17 on
16 genotype 37 prevention
17 on 19 rate
18 the 19 rate
19 rate 20 of
19 rate 27 in
19 rate 34 ad
20 of 26 participants
21 cognitive 22 decline
22 decline 24 nondemented
24 nondemented 26 participants
25 elderly 26 participants
27 in 32 disease
28 a 30 alzheimer
29 simulated 30 alzheimer
30 alzheimer 31 's
31 's 32 disease
33 ( 34 ad
34 ad 35 )
36 primary 37 prevention
38 treatment 40 carried
38 treatment 41 out
38 treatment 45 's
41 out 42 by
42 by 44 alzheimer
43 the 44 alzheimer
45 's 48 study
46 disease 47 cooperative
47 cooperative 48 study

method : cognitive tests were administered at baseline and at four subsequent annual evaluations to 417 nondemented participants ( 172 men , 245 women ) between the ages of 74 and 93 ( m = 79.13 ± 3.34 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 )(
2 : 4 tests
2 : 6 administered
3 cognitive 4 tests
4 tests 5 were
5 were 6 administered
6 administered 9 and
6 administered 15 to
6 administered 26 between
7 at 8 baseline
7 at 9 and
9 and 10 at
10 at 14 evaluations
11 four 14 evaluations
12 subsequent 13 annual
13 annual 14 evaluations
15 to 18 participants
16 417 18 participants
17 nondemented 18 participants
18 participants 21 men
18 participants 24 women
19 ( 21 men
20 172 21 men
21 men 22 ,
22 , 24 women
23 245 24 women
24 women 25 )
26 between 28 ages
27 the 28 ages
28 ages 29 of
28 ages 35 =
29 of 31 and
30 74 31 and
31 and 32 93
33 ( 35 =
34 m 35 =
35 = 37 ±
36 79.13 37 ±
37 ± 38 3.34

apoe genotyping was available for 286 of the participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genotyping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 apoe 2 genotyping
2 genotyping 3 was
3 was 4 available
4 available 5 for
5 for 6 286
6 286 7 of
7 of 9 participants
8 the 9 participants

results : four - year decline [was] evident [on] measures of orientation , memory , executive function , and language . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 four
3 four 10 measures
4 - 10 measures
5 year 10 measures
6 decline 10 measures
8 evident 10 measures
10 measures 11 of
10 measures 13 ,
11 of 12 orientation
13 , 19 and
14 memory 15 ,
15 , 17 function
15 , 19 and
16 executive 17 function
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 language

this discrepancy increased with age , indicating an age × genotype interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discrepancy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
1 this 2 discrepancy
2 discrepancy 3 increased
3 increased 4 with
4 with 5 age
5 age 7 indicating
6 , 7 indicating
7 indicating 12 interaction
7 indicating 13 .
8 an 12 interaction
9 age 12 interaction
10 × 12 interaction
11 genotype 12 interaction

conclusion : these results are consistent with population - based studies [,] and extend the findings to a carefully screened sample that meets inclusion and exclusion criteria for an ad primary prevention trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 are
2 : 9 -
2 : 34 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 are
5 are 6 consistent
6 consistent 7 with
7 with 8 population
9 - 13 and
10 based 11 studies
10 based 13 and
13 and 14 extend
14 extend 16 findings
14 extend 17 to
14 extend 28 for
15 the 16 findings
17 to 21 sample
18 a 21 sample
19 carefully 20 screened
20 screened 21 sample
21 sample 22 that
21 sample 23 meets
22 that 23 meets
23 meets 25 and
24 inclusion 25 and
25 and 27 criteria
26 exclusion 27 criteria
28 for 33 trial
29 an 33 trial
30 ad 33 trial
31 primary 33 trial
32 prevention 33 trial

the interaction between age and apoe [genotype] [on] rate [of] decline suggests that preclinical disease may be overrepresented in older ε4+ individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 between
2 interaction 12 suggests
3 between 5 and
4 age 5 and
5 and 11 decline
6 apoe 11 decline
9 rate 11 decline
12 suggests 13 that
13 that 15 disease
13 that 18 overrepresented
14 preclinical 15 disease
15 disease 16 may
16 may 17 be
17 be 18 overrepresented
18 overrepresented 19 in
19 in 22 individuals
20 older 22 individuals
21 ε4+ 22 individuals

thus , apoe [genotype] and age should be considered in the design of ad primary prevention treatment trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 and
3 apoe 5 and
5 and 6 age
5 and 7 should
7 should 8 be
8 be 9 considered
9 considered 10 in
10 in 12 design
11 the 12 design
12 design 13 of
13 of 18 trials
14 ad 18 trials
15 primary 16 prevention
16 prevention 18 trials
17 treatment 18 trials

age is a robust predictor of recidivism and an item on actuarial tools commonly used to predict sexual violent recidivism among sex offenders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 age 2 is
2 is 5 predictor
2 is 11 on
3 a 4 robust
3 a 5 predictor
4 robust 5 predictor
5 predictor 6 of
6 of 8 and
7 recidivism 8 and
8 and 10 item
9 an 10 item
11 on 13 tools
12 actuarial 13 tools
13 tools 15 used
14 commonly 15 used
15 used 16 to
15 used 17 predict
16 to 17 predict
17 predict 20 recidivism
18 sexual 20 recidivism
19 violent 20 recidivism
20 recidivism 21 among
21 among 23 offenders
22 sex 23 offenders

however , little is known about whether or how [much] offenders ' risk diminishes as a result of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 15 as
6 about 8 or
7 whether 8 or
8 or 9 how
8 or 13 risk
8 or 14 diminishes
11 offenders 12 '
12 ' 13 risk
13 risk 14 diminishes
15 as 17 result
16 a 17 result
17 result 18 of
18 of 19 aging

in the first of two studies , we examined the sexual and violent recidivism of 533 sex offenders who were over age 50 on release . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 first
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 we
2 the 3 first
3 first 4 of
4 of 6 studies
5 two 6 studies
8 we 9 examined
9 examined 25 release
10 the 25 release
11 sexual 12 and
12 and 14 recidivism
12 and 15 of
12 and 25 release
13 violent 14 recidivism
15 of 17 sex
16 533 17 sex
17 sex 18 offenders
17 sex 24 on
18 offenders 19 who
18 offenders 20 were
18 offenders 22 age
19 who 20 were
20 were 21 over
22 age 23 50
22 age 24 on

neither age added incrementally to [static] score in the prediction of sexual recidivism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 added
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 neither 2 age
2 age 3 added
3 added 4 incrementally
3 added 5 to
5 to 7 score
7 score 8 in
8 in 10 prediction
9 the 10 prediction
10 prediction 11 of
11 of 13 recidivism
12 sexual 13 recidivism

the second study examined how well age at first offense , age at index offense , and age at release predicted violent recidivism among 527 sex offenders aged 13 to 79 at release . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 second
2 second 3 study
2 second 4 examined
2 second 7 age
3 study 4 examined
4 examined 5 how
4 examined 6 well
5 how 6 well
7 age 8 at
8 at 10 offense
9 first 10 offense
11 , 33 release
12 age 13 at
12 age 17 and
13 at 15 offense
14 index 15 offense
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 age
17 and 19 at
17 and 33 release
19 at 23 recidivism
20 release 21 predicted
21 predicted 23 recidivism
22 violent 23 recidivism
23 recidivism 24 among
24 among 26 sex
25 527 26 sex
26 sex 27 offenders
26 sex 32 at
27 offenders 28 aged
28 aged 30 to
28 aged 32 at
29 13 30 to
30 to 31 79

age at first offense predicted best . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 age 2 at
2 at 4 offense
3 first 4 offense
4 offense 5 predicted
5 predicted 6 best

when age was removed [from] score on the sex offender risk appraisal guide , all ages added incrementally but age at [release] least to sorag score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 when 2 age
1 when 4 removed
1 when 6 score
2 age 3 was
3 was 4 removed
6 score 7 on
7 on 13 guide
8 the 13 guide
9 sex 10 offender
10 offender 11 risk
11 risk 12 appraisal
12 appraisal 13 guide
14 , 16 ages
14 , 26 score
15 all 16 ages
16 ages 17 added
16 ages 26 score
17 added 18 incrementally
17 added 19 but
17 added 23 least
17 added 24 to
19 but 20 age
21 at 23 least
24 to 25 sorag

when participants were divided into quartiles based on age at index offense , there was no evidence from any quartile [that] age at release predicted violent recidivism better than age at first offense . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 when 2 participants
1 when 4 divided
1 when 13 ,
1 when 14 there
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 divided
4 divided 5 into
4 divided 8 on
4 divided 10 at
5 into 6 quartiles
6 quartiles 7 based
8 on 9 age
10 at 12 offense
11 index 12 offense
14 there 15 was
15 was 17 evidence
16 no 17 evidence
17 evidence 18 from
17 evidence 23 at
18 from 22 age
19 any 22 age
20 quartile 22 age
23 at 27 recidivism
24 release 25 predicted
25 predicted 27 recidivism
26 violent 27 recidivism
27 recidivism 28 better
27 recidivism 31 at
28 better 29 than
29 than 30 age
31 at 33 offense
32 first 33 offense

the authors concluded that age [at] release is a poor index of within [-] subject changes in risk of sexual or violent recidivism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 concluded
3 concluded 7 release
3 concluded 8 is
4 that 7 release
5 age 7 release
7 release 8 is
8 is 11 index
8 is 17 in
9 a 11 index
10 poor 11 index
11 index 12 of
12 of 13 within
13 within 16 changes
15 subject 16 changes
17 in 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 23 recidivism
20 sexual 21 or
21 or 22 violent
21 or 23 recidivism

no adjustment to a sex offender 's score on a comprehensive actuarial tool that includes age at first or index offense should be made simply because the offender is older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 no 2 adjustment
2 adjustment 3 to
2 adjustment 22 should
3 to 8 score
4 a 6 offender
5 sex 6 offender
6 offender 7 's
7 's 8 score
8 score 9 on
9 on 13 tool
10 a 13 tool
11 comprehensive 13 tool
12 actuarial 13 tool
13 tool 14 that
13 tool 20 index
14 that 15 includes
14 that 19 or
15 includes 19 or
16 age 18 first
16 age 19 or
17 at 18 first
19 or 20 index
20 index 21 offense
22 should 23 be
23 be 24 made
24 made 25 simply
25 simply 26 because
26 because 28 offender
26 because 29 is
27 the 28 offender
28 offender 29 is
29 is 30 older

oocyte quality is a key factor in determining embryo development ; however , we have a poor understanding of what constitutes oocyte quality or the mechanisms governing it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 oocyte 2 quality
2 quality 3 is
3 is 6 factor
4 a 6 factor
5 key 6 factor
6 factor 7 in
7 in 8 determining
8 determining 10 development
9 embryo 10 development
11 ; 14 we
12 however 13 ,
12 however 14 we
14 we 15 have
15 have 18 understanding
16 a 17 poor
16 a 18 understanding
17 poor 18 understanding
18 understanding 19 of
19 of 20 what
19 of 21 constitutes
20 what 21 constitutes
21 constitutes 24 or
22 oocyte 23 quality
23 quality 24 or
24 or 26 mechanisms
24 or 27 governing
25 the 26 mechanisms
27 governing 28 it

postovulatory aging of oocytes that have not been fertilized for a prolonged time after ovulation is known to significantly impair oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development after fertilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 postovulatory 2 aging
1 postovulatory 3 of
1 postovulatory 23 and
3 of 4 oocytes
4 oocytes 5 that
4 oocytes 6 have
5 that 6 have
6 have 7 not
6 have 8 been
8 been 9 fertilized
9 fertilized 10 for
9 fertilized 14 after
9 fertilized 18 to
10 for 13 time
11 a 13 time
12 prolonged 13 time
14 after 15 ovulation
14 after 16 is
15 ovulation 16 is
16 is 17 known
18 to 20 impair
19 significantly 20 impair
20 impair 22 quality
21 oocyte 22 quality
23 and 26 development
23 and 27 after
24 subsequent 25 embryo
25 embryo 26 development
27 after 28 fertilization

embryos derived from postovulatory - aged oocytes are prone to undergo apoptosis due to the decreased bcl - 2 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 embryos
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 undergo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 embryos 2 derived
1 embryos 3 from
1 embryos 8 are
3 from 7 oocytes
4 postovulatory 5 -
4 postovulatory 7 oocytes
6 aged 7 oocytes
8 are 9 prone
9 prone 10 to
9 prone 11 undergo
10 to 11 undergo
11 undergo 12 apoptosis
12 apoptosis 13 due
13 due 14 to
14 to 17 bcl
15 the 17 bcl
16 decreased 17 bcl
18 - 20 expression
19 2 20 expression

postovulatory aging of oocytes changes the patterns of ca ( 2+ ) oscillations at fertilization as a result [of] impaired ca ( 2+ ) regulation in the endoplasmic [reticulum] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 postovulatory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 impaired
1 postovulatory 2 aging
1 postovulatory 3 of
1 postovulatory 5 changes
3 of 4 oocytes
5 changes 7 patterns
6 the 7 patterns
7 patterns 8 of
7 patterns 13 oscillations
7 patterns 20 impaired
8 of 9 ca
9 ca 11 2+
10 ( 11 2+
11 2+ 12 )
13 oscillations 14 at
13 oscillations 16 as
13 oscillations 20 impaired
14 at 15 fertilization
16 as 18 result
17 a 18 result
20 impaired 21 ca
21 ca 25 regulation
22 ( 25 regulation
23 2+ 24 )
23 2+ 25 regulation
25 regulation 26 in
25 regulation 30 .
26 in 28 endoplasmic
27 the 28 endoplasmic

moreover , postovulatory aging of oocytes impairs mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production as a result of increasing oxidative stresses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 postovulatory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 impairs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 postovulatory
3 postovulatory 4 aging
3 postovulatory 5 of
3 postovulatory 7 impairs
5 of 6 oocytes
7 impairs 11 production
7 impairs 12 as
8 mitochondrial 10 triphosphate
9 adenosine 10 triphosphate
10 triphosphate 11 production
12 as 14 result
13 a 14 result
14 result 15 of
15 of 16 increasing
16 increasing 18 stresses
17 oxidative 18 stresses

oxidative stresses also affect intracellular ca ( 2+ ) regulation and impair embryo development after fertilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 oxidative 2 stresses
2 stresses 11 and
3 also 4 affect
4 affect 10 regulation
4 affect 11 and
5 intracellular 10 regulation
6 ca 8 2+
6 ca 10 regulation
7 ( 8 2+
8 2+ 9 )
11 and 12 impair
12 impair 14 development
12 impair 15 after
13 embryo 14 development
15 after 16 fertilization

collectively , the mechanism of postovulatory oocyte aging might be involved in reactive oxygen species - induced mitochondrial injury followed by abnormal intracellular ca ( 2+ ) regulation in the [endoplasmic] reticulum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 mechanism
3 the 4 mechanism
4 mechanism 5 of
4 mechanism 8 aging
4 mechanism 9 might
5 of 7 oocyte
6 postovulatory 7 oocyte
9 might 10 be
10 be 11 involved
11 involved 12 in
12 in 15 species
13 reactive 15 species
14 oxygen 15 species
16 - 19 injury
16 - 20 followed
17 induced 19 injury
18 mitochondrial 19 injury
19 injury 20 followed
20 followed 21 by
20 followed 28 regulation
22 abnormal 28 regulation
23 intracellular 28 regulation
24 ca 26 2+
24 ca 28 regulation
25 ( 26 2+
26 2+ 27 )
28 regulation 29 in
29 in 32 reticulum
30 the 32 reticulum

unlabelled : background/study context : the purpose of the current study was to investigate whether age was related to emotional labor strategies ( [surface] and deep acting ) , and whether emotional intelligence partially explained this relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 4 context
3 background/study 4 context
5 : 7 purpose
5 : 18 related
6 the 7 purpose
7 purpose 8 of
7 purpose 18 related
8 of 10 current
9 the 10 current
10 current 11 study
10 current 14 investigate
11 study 12 was
12 was 13 to
12 was 14 investigate
13 to 14 investigate
14 investigate 15 whether
15 whether 16 age
15 whether 17 was
16 age 17 was
18 related 19 to
19 to 30 and
20 emotional 21 labor
21 labor 22 strategies
22 strategies 25 and
23 ( 25 and
25 and 27 acting
25 and 28 )
25 and 30 and
26 deep 27 acting
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 whether
30 and 33 intelligence
30 and 35 explained
32 emotional 33 intelligence
33 intelligence 35 explained
34 partially 35 explained
35 explained 37 relationship
36 this 37 relationship

additionally , employee well [-] being was examined as an outcome in this model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 6 being
3 employee 6 being
4 well 6 being
6 being 7 was
7 was 8 examined
8 examined 9 as
8 examined 12 in
9 as 11 outcome
10 an 11 outcome
12 in 14 model
13 this 14 model

methods : a total of 519 participants ( age 18 - 68 ) , working in a variety of service occupations , participated in a cross - sectional survey study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 total
2 : 23 participated
2 : 27 -
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 age
4 total 15 working
4 total 23 participated
5 of 7 participants
6 519 7 participants
8 ( 9 age
9 age 11 -
9 age 13 )
10 18 11 -
11 - 12 68
14 , 15 working
15 working 16 in
15 working 22 ,
16 in 18 variety
17 a 18 variety
18 variety 19 of
19 of 21 occupations
20 service 21 occupations
23 participated 24 in
24 in 26 cross
25 a 26 cross
27 - 30 study
28 sectional 29 survey
29 survey 30 study

validated measures for emotional intelligence , emotional labor strategies , positive affectivity , and employee well - being were administered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 validated 2 measures
2 measures 3 for
2 measures 6 ,
3 for 5 intelligence
4 emotional 5 intelligence
6 , 9 strategies
6 , 10 ,
7 emotional 8 labor
8 labor 9 strategies
10 , 12 affectivity
10 , 14 and
11 positive 12 affectivity
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 well
15 employee 16 well
17 - 18 being
17 - 20 administered
17 - 21 .
18 being 19 were
19 were 20 administered

results : a structural equation model supported the hypothesis that age was related positively to deep acting and negatively to surface acting , relationships partially mediated by emotional intelligence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 6 model
2 : 7 supported
2 : 23 ,
3 a 4 structural
3 a 6 model
4 structural 5 equation
5 equation 6 model
6 model 7 supported
7 supported 9 hypothesis
8 the 9 hypothesis
9 hypothesis 10 that
9 hypothesis 22 acting
10 that 11 age
10 that 18 and
11 age 12 was
12 was 18 and
13 related 14 positively
13 related 15 to
13 related 18 and
15 to 17 acting
16 deep 17 acting
18 and 20 to
18 and 21 surface
19 negatively 20 to
20 to 21 surface
23 , 24 relationships
23 , 26 mediated
24 relationships 26 mediated
25 partially 26 mediated
26 mediated 27 by
27 by 29 intelligence
28 emotional 29 intelligence

emotional labor strategy , in turn , affected well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 emotional 2 labor
2 labor 3 strategy
3 strategy 8 affected
4 , 6 turn
5 in 6 turn
6 turn 7 ,
6 turn 8 affected
8 affected 9 well
10 - 11 being
10 - 12 .

conclusion : implications were discussed in employee selection and employee well - being , particularly in the customer service context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 implications
2 : 5 discussed
2 : 12 -
3 implications 4 were
4 were 5 discussed
5 discussed 6 in
5 discussed 11 well
6 in 9 and
7 employee 8 selection
8 selection 9 and
9 and 10 employee
12 - 13 being
13 being 16 in
14 , 15 particularly
14 , 16 in
16 in 20 context
16 in 21 .
17 the 20 context
18 customer 20 context
19 service 20 context

[it] is recommended that future research [investigates] how aging is related to emotional labor strategies in other occupations that have different emotional requirements ( e.g [.] , negative display rules ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 is 6 research
2 is 8 how
2 is 16 in
3 recommended 6 research
4 that 5 future
5 future 6 research
8 how 9 aging
8 how 11 related
9 aging 10 is
10 is 11 related
11 related 12 to
12 to 15 strategies
13 emotional 14 labor
14 labor 15 strategies
16 in 18 occupations
17 other 18 occupations
18 occupations 19 that
18 occupations 20 have
19 that 20 have
20 have 23 requirements
21 different 23 requirements
22 emotional 23 requirements
23 requirements 30 rules
24 ( 30 rules
25 e.g 27 ,
25 e.g 30 rules
28 negative 30 rules
29 display 30 rules
30 rules 31 )

unlabelled : background/study context : research largely shows no performance differences between older and younger employees , or that older workers even outperform younger employees , yet negative attitudes towards older workers can underpin discrimination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 4 context
3 background/study 4 context
5 : 6 research
5 : 8 shows
5 : 26 ,
5 : 36 .
6 research 8 shows
7 largely 8 shows
8 shows 10 performance
8 shows 18 or
8 shows 21 workers
8 shows 23 outperform
9 no 10 performance
11 differences 12 between
11 differences 18 or
12 between 16 employees
13 older 14 and
14 and 15 younger
14 and 16 employees
17 , 18 or
18 or 20 older
19 that 20 older
21 workers 23 outperform
22 even 23 outperform
23 outperform 25 employees
24 younger 25 employees
26 , 27 yet
26 , 34 underpin
27 yet 29 attitudes
28 negative 29 attitudes
29 attitudes 30 towards
29 attitudes 33 can
30 towards 32 workers
31 older 32 workers
33 can 34 underpin
34 underpin 35 discrimination

unfortunately , traditional " explicit " techniques for assessing attitudes ( i.e [.] , self [-] report measures ) have serious drawbacks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 7 techniques
3 traditional 4 "
3 traditional 7 techniques
5 explicit 6 "
5 explicit 7 techniques
7 techniques 8 for
7 techniques 20 have
8 for 9 assessing
9 assessing 10 attitudes
10 attitudes 18 measures
11 ( 18 measures
12 i.e 14 ,
12 i.e 15 self
15 self 18 measures
17 report 18 measures
18 measures 19 )
20 have 22 drawbacks
21 serious 22 drawbacks

therefore , using an approach [that] is novel to organizational contexts , the authors supplemented explicit with implicit [(] indirect ) measures of attitudes towards older workers , and examined the malleability of both . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 using
3 using 5 approach
3 using 29 and
4 an 5 approach
7 is 8 novel
7 is 29 and
8 novel 9 to
9 to 11 contexts
10 organizational 11 contexts
11 contexts 14 authors
12 , 14 authors
13 the 14 authors
14 authors 15 supplemented
14 authors 28 ,
15 supplemented 16 explicit
16 explicit 17 with
16 explicit 25 towards
17 with 22 measures
18 implicit 22 measures
20 indirect 21 )
20 indirect 22 measures
22 measures 23 of
23 of 24 attitudes
25 towards 27 workers
26 older 27 workers
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 examined
29 and 32 malleability
31 the 32 malleability
32 malleability 33 of
33 of 34 both

methods : this research consists of two studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 research
2 : 5 consists
2 : 9 .
3 this 4 research
4 research 5 consists
5 consists 6 of
6 of 8 studies
7 two 8 studies

the authors measured self - report [(] explicit ) attitudes towards older and younger workers with a survey , and implicit attitudes with a reaction - time - based measure of implicit associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 report
1 the 4 self
2 authors 3 measured
3 measured 4 self
5 - 6 report
6 report 10 attitudes
6 report 11 towards
6 report 16 with
6 report 34 .
8 explicit 9 )
8 explicit 10 attitudes
11 towards 15 workers
12 older 13 and
13 and 14 younger
13 and 15 workers
16 with 20 and
17 a 18 survey
18 survey 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 implicit
20 and 22 attitudes
20 and 30 measure
20 and 31 of
22 attitudes 23 with
22 attitudes 29 based
22 attitudes 30 measure
23 with 25 reaction
24 a 25 reaction
25 reaction 27 time
26 - 27 time
27 time 28 -
31 of 33 associations
32 implicit 33 associations

in addition , to test whether attitudes were malleable , the authors measured attitudes before and after a mental imagery intervention , where the authors asked participants in the experimental group to imagine respected and valued older workers from their surroundings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 measured
1 in 2 addition
1 in 10 ,
1 in 12 authors
2 addition 4 to
3 , 4 to
4 to 5 test
4 to 10 ,
5 test 6 whether
6 whether 7 attitudes
6 whether 8 were
7 attitudes 8 were
8 were 9 malleable
11 the 12 authors
12 authors 13 measured
13 measured 14 attitudes
14 attitudes 16 and
14 attitudes 23 where
15 before 16 and
16 and 17 after
17 after 21 intervention
18 a 21 intervention
19 mental 20 imagery
20 imagery 21 intervention
22 , 23 where
23 where 25 authors
23 where 26 asked
23 where 42 .
24 the 25 authors
25 authors 26 asked
26 asked 27 participants
26 asked 28 in
26 asked 32 to
26 asked 33 imagine
28 in 31 group
29 the 31 group
30 experimental 31 group
32 to 33 imagine
33 imagine 35 and
34 respected 35 and
35 and 36 valued
35 and 39 from
36 valued 38 workers
37 older 38 workers
39 from 41 surroundings
40 their 41 surroundings

results : negative , stable implicit attitudes towards older workers emerged in two studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 negative
4 , 7 attitudes
4 , 11 emerged
5 stable 7 attitudes
6 implicit 7 attitudes
7 attitudes 8 towards
7 attitudes 11 emerged
8 towards 10 workers
9 older 10 workers
11 emerged 12 in
12 in 14 studies
13 two 14 studies

conversely , explicit attitudes showed no age bias and were more susceptible to change intervention , such that attitudes became more positive towards older workers following the experimental manipulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 attitudes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 4 attitudes
3 explicit 4 attitudes
4 attitudes 9 and
5 showed 7 age
5 showed 8 bias
5 showed 9 and
6 no 7 age
9 and 10 were
10 were 12 susceptible
11 more 12 susceptible
12 susceptible 13 to
13 to 14 change
14 change 15 intervention
14 change 18 that
16 , 18 that
17 such 18 that
18 that 19 attitudes
18 that 20 became
18 that 30 .
19 attitudes 20 became
20 became 22 positive
21 more 22 positive
22 positive 23 towards
23 towards 25 workers
24 older 25 workers
25 workers 26 following
26 following 29 manipulation
27 the 29 manipulation
28 experimental 29 manipulation

conclusion : this research demonstrates the unconscious nature of bias against older workers , and highlights the utility of implicit attitude measures in the context of the workplace . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 research
2 : 15 and
2 : 29 .
3 this 4 research
4 research 15 and
5 demonstrates 8 nature
5 demonstrates 11 against
5 demonstrates 15 and
6 the 8 nature
7 unconscious 8 nature
8 nature 9 of
9 of 10 bias
11 against 13 workers
12 older 13 workers
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 highlights
16 highlights 18 utility
16 highlights 23 in
17 the 18 utility
18 utility 19 of
19 of 22 measures
20 implicit 21 attitude
21 attitude 22 measures
23 in 25 context
24 the 25 context
25 context 26 of
26 of 28 workplace
27 the 28 workplace

in the current era of aging workforce [and] skill shortages , implicit measures may be necessary to illuminate hidden workplace ageism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 illuminate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 4 era
1 in 11 ,
1 in 13 measures
2 the 4 era
3 current 4 era
4 era 5 of
5 of 6 aging
6 aging 10 shortages
7 workforce 10 shortages
9 skill 10 shortages
12 implicit 13 measures
13 measures 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 necessary
16 necessary 17 to
16 necessary 18 illuminate
17 to 18 illuminate
18 illuminate 21 ageism
19 hidden 20 workplace
20 workplace 21 ageism

unlabelled : background/study context : this study examined the role of increased adult age in the processing of lexical information presented in foveal and parafoveal areas of the retina ( right and left visual fields ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 4 context
3 background/study 4 context
5 : 7 study
5 : 8 examined
6 this 7 study
7 study 8 examined
8 examined 10 role
8 examined 15 in
9 the 10 role
10 role 11 of
11 of 14 age
12 increased 14 age
13 adult 14 age
15 in 17 processing
16 the 17 processing
17 processing 18 of
17 processing 21 presented
17 processing 27 of
17 processing 32 and
18 of 20 information
19 lexical 20 information
21 presented 22 in
22 in 26 areas
23 foveal 24 and
24 and 25 parafoveal
24 and 26 areas
27 of 29 retina
28 the 29 retina
30 ( 32 and
31 right 32 and
32 and 35 fields
32 and 36 )
33 left 35 fields
34 visual 35 fields

previous research has shown that older adults are able to compensate for [age] - related changes though a highly practiced skill ( salthouse , 1984 , journal of experimental psychology : general [,] 113 , 345 - 371 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 previous 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
4 shown 7 adults
4 shown 8 are
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 are
8 are 9 able
9 able 10 to
10 to 11 compensate
11 compensate 12 for
12 for 27 journal
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 changes
15 related 27 journal
17 though 21 skill
17 though 27 journal
18 a 19 highly
18 a 21 skill
19 highly 20 practiced
20 practiced 21 skill
21 skill 23 salthouse
21 skill 25 1984
22 ( 23 salthouse
23 salthouse 24 ,
24 , 25 1984
25 1984 26 ,
27 journal 28 of
27 journal 31 :
28 of 30 psychology
29 experimental 30 psychology
31 : 32 general
32 general 34 113
32 general 37 -
35 , 37 -
36 345 37 -
37 - 38 371
37 - 39 )

the authors examined if older adults would show a lexical - only parafoveal benefit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 examined
3 examined 4 if
4 if 6 adults
4 if 8 show
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 would
7 would 8 show
8 show 14 benefit
9 a 10 lexical
9 a 14 benefit
10 lexical 11 -
10 lexical 14 benefit
12 only 13 parafoveal
13 parafoveal 14 benefit

methods : two experiments were conducted on both younger and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 experiments
2 : 6 conducted
2 : 13 .
3 two 4 experiments
4 experiments 5 were
5 were 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 on
7 on 12 adults
8 both 12 adults
9 younger 10 and
10 and 11 older
10 and 12 adults

in experiment 1 , participants completed a lexical decision task that presented words in the fovea and parafovea in both visual fields . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 participants
2 experiment 3 1
5 participants 6 completed
6 completed 10 task
6 completed 14 in
6 completed 19 in
7 a 8 lexical
7 a 10 task
8 lexical 10 task
9 decision 10 task
10 task 11 that
10 task 12 presented
11 that 12 presented
12 presented 13 words
14 in 17 and
15 the 16 fovea
16 fovea 17 and
17 and 18 parafovea
19 in 22 fields
20 both 22 fields
21 visual 22 fields

in experiment 2 , the task was a font discrimination task ( nonlexical ) [with] foveal and parafoveal presentation in both visual fields . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 task
2 experiment 3 2
5 the 6 task
6 task 7 was
7 was 11 task
8 a 11 task
9 font 11 task
10 discrimination 11 task
11 task 19 presentation
12 ( 19 presentation
13 nonlexical 14 )
13 nonlexical 19 presentation
16 foveal 17 and
17 and 18 parafoveal
17 and 19 presentation
19 presentation 20 in
19 presentation 24 .
20 in 23 fields
21 both 23 fields
22 visual 23 fields

results : in experiment 1 , the authors observed word frequency effects for both foveal and right parafoveal presentation locations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 experiment
4 experiment 5 1
6 , 8 authors
6 , 10 word
7 the 8 authors
8 authors 9 observed
8 authors 10 word
10 word 12 effects
10 word 13 for
11 frequency 12 effects
13 for 20 locations
14 both 20 locations
15 foveal 16 and
16 and 17 right
16 and 20 locations
18 parafoveal 19 presentation
19 presentation 20 locations

this effect was present for both older and younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 effect
2 effect 3 was
3 was 4 present
4 present 5 for
5 for 10 adults
6 both 10 adults
7 older 8 and
8 and 9 younger
8 and 10 adults

experiment 2 was a font discrimination task and there was no right parafoveal advantage for older adults on this task , suggesting that this effect observed in experiment 1 was lexical in nature due to the highly overlearned nature of word recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 experiment 2 2
1 experiment 3 was
3 was 7 task
4 a 7 task
5 font 6 discrimination
6 discrimination 7 task
8 and 9 there
8 and 10 was
9 there 10 was
10 was 14 advantage
11 no 14 advantage
12 right 14 advantage
13 parafoveal 14 advantage
14 advantage 15 for
14 advantage 18 on
14 advantage 22 suggesting
15 for 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 on 20 task
19 this 20 task
21 , 22 suggesting
22 suggesting 23 that
22 suggesting 43 .
23 that 25 effect
23 that 26 observed
24 this 25 effect
25 effect 26 observed
26 observed 27 in
26 observed 29 1
26 observed 30 was
27 in 28 experiment
29 1 30 was
30 was 31 lexical
31 lexical 32 in
31 lexical 35 to
32 in 33 nature
34 due 35 to
35 to 39 nature
36 the 39 nature
37 highly 38 overlearned
38 overlearned 39 nature
39 nature 40 of
40 of 42 recognition
41 word 42 recognition

conclusion : these results suggest that older adults may compensate for slower encoding time in reading by encoding text to the right of fixation more efficiently than younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 30 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 adults
6 that 10 compensate
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 may
9 may 10 compensate
10 compensate 11 for
10 compensate 15 in
10 compensate 27 than
11 for 14 time
12 slower 13 encoding
13 encoding 14 time
15 in 16 reading
16 reading 17 by
17 by 18 encoding
18 encoding 19 text
18 encoding 20 to
18 encoding 26 efficiently
20 to 22 right
21 the 22 right
22 right 23 of
23 of 24 fixation
25 more 26 efficiently
27 than 29 adults
28 younger 29 adults

this suggests an asymmetrical change in the useful field of view that is lexical in nature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 5 change
2 suggests 6 in
3 an 4 asymmetrical
3 an 5 change
4 asymmetrical 5 change
6 in 9 field
7 the 9 field
8 useful 9 field
9 field 10 of
10 of 11 view
11 view 12 that
11 view 13 is
12 that 13 is
13 is 14 lexical
14 lexical 15 in
15 in 16 nature

unlabelled : background/study context : in experiment 1 , the authors investigated whether they could train retirement home activity directors with no previous experience in theatre to successfully execute [an] evidence - based 4 - week theatre - arts intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 background/study
2 : 33 based
2 : 38 -
3 background/study 4 context
3 background/study 5 :
3 background/study 11 authors
3 background/study 33 based
4 context 5 :
5 : 6 in
6 in 7 experiment
7 experiment 8 1
9 , 11 authors
10 the 11 authors
11 authors 12 investigated
11 authors 32 -
12 investigated 13 whether
12 investigated 21 with
12 investigated 25 in
12 investigated 27 to
13 whether 14 they
13 whether 16 train
14 they 15 could
15 could 16 train
16 train 20 directors
17 retirement 18 home
18 home 20 directors
19 activity 20 directors
21 with 24 experience
22 no 24 experience
23 previous 24 experience
25 in 26 theatre
27 to 29 execute
28 successfully 29 execute
29 execute 31 evidence
33 based 34 4
34 4 37 theatre
35 - 37 theatre
36 week 37 theatre
37 theatre 38 -
38 - 40 intervention
39 arts 40 intervention

in experiment 2 , they investigated whether an outside professional acting teacher who received only minimal training via [e] [-] mail and telephone could successfully execute the same intervention heretofore only carried out by the actor/director/professor who devised it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 they
2 experiment 3 2
5 they 6 investigated
6 investigated 7 whether
6 investigated 34 by
7 whether 12 teacher
7 whether 32 carried
8 an 12 teacher
9 outside 10 professional
10 professional 12 teacher
11 acting 12 teacher
12 teacher 13 who
12 teacher 26 execute
12 teacher 32 carried
13 who 22 and
13 who 26 execute
14 received 17 training
15 only 16 minimal
16 minimal 17 training
17 training 18 via
17 training 22 and
18 via 21 mail
22 and 23 telephone
22 and 24 could
24 could 26 execute
25 successfully 26 execute
26 execute 29 intervention
26 execute 30 heretofore
27 the 28 same
28 same 29 intervention
31 only 32 carried
32 carried 33 out
34 by 36 actor/director/professor
35 the 36 actor/director/professor
36 actor/director/professor 37 who
36 actor/director/professor 38 devised
37 who 38 devised
38 devised 39 it

methods : a total of 115 participants ( ages 68 - 94 ) in four different retirement homes were taught theatre arts either by their [in] [-] house activity director who had no formal training in theatre or a professional acting teacher recruited through a local community college . 
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 14 in
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 participants
6 115 7 participants
7 participants 11 -
8 ( 11 -
9 ages 10 68
9 ages 11 -
11 - 12 94
11 - 13 )
14 in 15 four
15 four 17 retirement
15 four 20 taught
16 different 17 retirement
17 retirement 18 homes
17 retirement 19 were
17 retirement 20 taught
18 homes 19 were
20 taught 22 arts
20 taught 23 either
20 taught 24 by
21 theatre 22 arts
24 by 30 director
25 their 30 director
28 house 30 director
29 activity 30 director
30 director 31 who
30 director 32 had
31 who 32 had
32 had 35 training
33 no 35 training
34 formal 35 training
35 training 36 in
36 in 38 or
37 theatre 38 or
38 or 42 teacher
38 or 49 .
39 a 40 professional
39 a 42 teacher
40 professional 42 teacher
41 acting 42 teacher
42 teacher 43 recruited
43 recruited 44 through
44 through 48 college
45 a 46 local
45 a 48 college
46 local 47 community
47 community 48 college

the intervention consisted of twice [-] weekly [70] - min lessons for 4 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 11 lessons
5 twice 7 weekly
7 weekly 9 -
7 weekly 11 lessons
10 min 11 lessons
11 lessons 12 for
12 for 14 weeks
13 4 14 weeks

after random assignment [to] experimental or waiting - list control groups , participants were given pre - and posttests on both functional and cognitive measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 after 10 control
1 after 11 groups
1 after 12 ,
1 after 13 participants
2 random 3 assignment
3 assignment 10 control
5 experimental 6 or
6 or 7 waiting
6 or 8 -
6 or 10 control
9 list 10 control
10 control 11 groups
13 participants 18 and
14 were 16 pre
14 were 18 and
15 given 16 pre
17 - 18 and
18 and 19 posttests
18 and 20 on
18 and 25 measures
20 on 21 both
22 functional 23 and
23 and 24 cognitive
23 and 25 measures

results : experiment 1 showed that activity directors were able to run this intervention and achieve significant results on the 28 [-] item functional measure [(] observed tasks of daily living , revised [ otdl - r ] ) as [measured] by a mixed [-] design analysis of variance ( anova ) and paired [-] sample [t] tests ( p < [.] 001 [ )(, [and] on one cognitive measure , means - end problem - solving ( meps ) , as measured [by] a multivariate anova ( mancova ) [and] follow - up univariate anovas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
2 : 3 experiment
3 experiment 4 1
3 experiment 5 showed
4 1 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 directors
6 that 9 were
7 activity 8 directors
8 directors 9 were
9 were 10 able
10 able 11 to
11 to 15 and
12 run 14 intervention
12 run 15 and
13 this 14 intervention
15 and 16 achieve
16 achieve 18 results
16 achieve 19 on
17 significant 18 results
19 on 28 tasks
20 the 21 28
21 28 28 tasks
23 item 27 observed
24 functional 25 measure
25 measure 27 observed
27 observed 28 tasks
28 tasks 29 of
28 tasks 40 as
29 of 31 living
30 daily 31 living
31 living 35 otdl
32 , 35 otdl
33 revised 35 otdl
34 [ 35 otdl
35 otdl 36 -
35 otdl 37 r
35 otdl 39 )
36 - 37 r
37 r 38 ]
40 as 42 by
42 by 53 and
43 a 47 analysis
44 mixed 47 analysis
46 design 47 analysis
47 analysis 48 of
47 analysis 53 and
48 of 49 variance
49 variance 51 anova
50 ( 51 anova
51 anova 52 )
53 and 58 tests
53 and 61 <
54 paired 56 sample
56 sample 58 tests
59 ( 61 <
60 p 61 <
61 < 63 001
63 001 67 on
63 001 72 means
65 )(, 67 on
67 on 70 measure
67 on 71 ,
68 one 70 measure
69 cognitive 70 measure
71 , 72 means
72 means 76 -
72 means 81 ,
73 - 76 -
74 end 75 problem
75 problem 76 -
76 - 77 solving
76 - 81 ,
77 solving 79 meps
78 ( 79 meps
79 meps 80 )
81 , 82 as
82 as 83 measured
82 as 92 follow
83 measured 86 multivariate
85 a 86 multivariate
86 multivariate 87 anova
86 multivariate 92 follow
87 anova 89 mancova
87 anova 92 follow
88 ( 89 mancova
89 mancova 90 )
92 follow 94 up
93 - 94 up
94 up 96 anovas
94 up 97 .
95 univariate 96 anovas

experiment 2 ( outside acting [teacher] ) used the identical measures and revealed significant results on the otdl - r ( p = [.] 002 ) , word recall , meps , and verbal fluency ( η² ( [p] [ )(ranging from [.] 28 to [.] 59 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 experiment 2 2
1 experiment 4 outside
1 experiment 8 used
3 ( 4 outside
4 outside 5 acting
4 outside 7 )
8 used 33 and
9 the 11 measures
10 identical 11 measures
11 measures 12 and
12 and 15 results
12 and 19 -
12 and 23 =
12 and 27 ,
13 revealed 15 results
14 significant 15 results
15 results 16 on
16 on 18 otdl
17 the 18 otdl
20 r 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 25 002
23 = 26 )
27 , 29 recall
27 , 30 ,
28 word 29 recall
30 , 31 meps
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 fluency
33 and 37 η²
34 verbal 35 fluency
36 ( 37 η²
37 η² 41 )(ranging
37 η² 48 )
38 ( 41 )(ranging
41 )(ranging 45 to
41 )(ranging 48 )
42 from 45 to
44 28 45 to
45 to 47 59

conclusions : this study addressed the feasibility of training multiple instructors of varying experience to administer this theatre - arts intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 addressed
2 : 19 -
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 addressed
5 addressed 7 feasibility
6 the 7 feasibility
7 feasibility 8 of
7 feasibility 12 of
7 feasibility 15 to
7 feasibility 16 administer
8 of 9 training
9 training 11 instructors
10 multiple 11 instructors
12 of 13 varying
13 varying 14 experience
15 to 16 administer
16 administer 18 theatre
17 this 18 theatre
19 - 21 intervention
20 arts 21 intervention

previous iterations had all been administered by the professional actor/director/theatre professor who devised the program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 iterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 previous 2 iterations
2 iterations 3 had
3 had 5 been
4 all 5 been
5 been 6 administered
6 administered 7 by
7 by 11 professor
8 the 11 professor
9 professional 11 professor
10 actor/director/theatre 11 professor
11 professor 12 who
11 professor 13 devised
12 who 13 devised
13 devised 15 program
14 the 15 program

these current results demonstrate that widespread administration of this short - term ( 4 - week [ )(evidence - based intervention is feasible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 3 results
2 current 3 results
3 results 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 7 administration
4 demonstrate 15 -
5 that 6 widespread
6 widespread 7 administration
7 administration 8 of
8 of 12 term
9 this 12 term
10 short 11 -
10 short 12 term
13 ( 15 -
14 4 15 -
15 - 18 )(evidence
15 - 19 -
16 week 18 )(evidence
19 - 21 intervention
19 - 22 is
20 based 21 intervention
21 intervention 22 is
22 is 23 feasible

the authors aimed to describe the reliability and validity of the mmse as a measure of cognitive function [among] healthy older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 aimed
2 authors 8 and
3 aimed 4 to
4 to 5 describe
5 describe 7 reliability
6 the 7 reliability
8 and 9 validity
8 and 10 of
8 and 13 as
10 of 12 mmse
11 the 12 mmse
13 as 22 adults
14 a 15 measure
15 measure 16 of
15 measure 22 adults
16 of 22 adults
17 cognitive 18 function
18 function 22 adults
20 healthy 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

methods : the authors examined mmse performance in 124 [stroke] - and dementia - free , community - dwelling older adults ( 65 % male [;] mean age [=] 66.5 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 authors
2 : 5 examined
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 examined
5 examined 12 and
5 examined 19 dwelling
6 mmse 7 performance
7 performance 8 in
7 performance 12 and
8 in 9 124
11 - 12 and
12 and 17 community
13 dementia 14 -
13 dementia 17 community
15 free 16 ,
15 free 17 community
18 - 19 dwelling
19 dwelling 21 adults
19 dwelling 32 )
20 older 21 adults
21 adults 31 years
22 ( 31 years
23 65 31 years
24 % 27 mean
25 male 27 mean
27 mean 31 years
28 age 31 years
30 66.5 31 years
31 years 32 )

all participants were administered an extensive neuropsychological battery composed of measures of attention , executive function , memory , and visuospatial function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 all 2 participants
1 all 3 were
1 all 4 administered
2 participants 3 were
4 administered 8 battery
5 an 6 extensive
5 an 8 battery
6 extensive 8 battery
7 neuropsychological 8 battery
8 battery 9 composed
8 battery 10 of
10 of 11 measures
11 measures 12 of
12 of 20 and
13 attention 14 ,
14 , 16 function
14 , 17 ,
15 executive 16 function
17 , 18 memory
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 function
21 visuospatial 22 function

a subset of 99 participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 subset
2 subset 3 of
2 subset 7 underwent
3 of 5 participants
4 99 5 participants
6 also 7 underwent
7 underwent 10 imaging
8 magnetic 9 resonance
9 resonance 10 imaging
10 imaging 12 mri
11 ( 12 mri
12 mri 13 )

mmse test - retest reliability [was] examined among 65 participants who underwent repeat mmse testing over an average interval of 83.2 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 mmse 2 test
3 - 4 retest
3 - 23 .
4 retest 5 reliability
4 retest 8 among
4 retest 16 over
5 reliability 7 examined
8 among 10 participants
9 65 10 participants
10 participants 11 who
10 participants 12 underwent
11 who 12 underwent
12 underwent 15 testing
13 repeat 15 testing
14 mmse 15 testing
16 over 19 interval
17 an 18 average
17 an 19 interval
18 average 19 interval
19 interval 20 of
20 of 22 days
21 83.2 22 days

results : spearman test - retest correlation for total mmse scores was r s = [.] 35 ( p = [.] 004 [ )( for serial sevens was r s = [.] 40 ( p = [.] 001 [ )(, [and] [for] word recall was r s = - [.] 01 ( p = [.] 96 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
2 : 4 test
2 : 5 -
3 spearman 4 test
5 - 6 retest
6 retest 7 correlation
6 retest 8 for
8 for 9 total
9 total 10 mmse
9 total 11 scores
9 total 12 was
10 mmse 11 scores
12 was 15 =
12 was 20 =
13 r 15 =
14 s 15 =
15 = 17 35
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 22 004
22 004 25 for
22 004 27 sevens
22 004 28 was
25 for 26 serial
27 sevens 28 was
28 was 31 =
28 was 36 =
29 r 31 =
30 s 31 =
31 = 33 40
34 ( 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 38 001
38 001 49 -
40 )(, 49 -
43 word 44 recall
44 recall 45 was
45 was 48 =
46 r 48 =
47 s 48 =
48 = 49 -
49 - 51 01
49 - 58 .
51 01 54 =
52 ( 54 =
53 p 54 =
54 = 56 96
54 = 57 )

total mmse performance correlated significantly with a minority of neuropsychological tests and mri - derived indices of white matter disease and brain atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 total 2 mmse
1 total 5 significantly
1 total 6 with
1 total 12 and
2 mmse 3 performance
2 mmse 4 correlated
3 performance 4 correlated
6 with 8 minority
7 a 8 minority
8 minority 9 of
9 of 11 tests
10 neuropsychological 11 tests
12 and 21 and
13 mri 14 -
13 mri 21 and
15 derived 16 indices
15 derived 21 and
16 indices 17 of
17 of 20 disease
18 white 19 matter
19 matter 20 disease
21 and 22 brain
22 brain 23 atrophy

a subset of 17 % of participants demonstrated inappropriate intrusion of mmse pentagon copy during another test of visuospatial recall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 subset
2 subset 3 of
2 subset 8 demonstrated
3 of 5 %
4 17 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 7 participants
8 demonstrated 10 intrusion
8 demonstrated 15 during
9 inappropriate 10 intrusion
10 intrusion 11 of
11 of 14 copy
12 mmse 13 pentagon
13 pentagon 14 copy
15 during 17 test
16 another 17 test
17 test 18 of
18 of 20 recall
19 visuospatial 20 recall

conclusions : overall , mmse scores exhibited ceiling effects , poor test - retest reliability , limited sensitivity to subtle brain abnormalities , and a high rate of intrusion elsewhere in the neuropsychological battery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 , 5 mmse
4 , 6 scores
4 , 10 ,
5 mmse 6 scores
6 scores 9 effects
7 exhibited 8 ceiling
8 ceiling 9 effects
10 , 12 test
10 , 13 -
11 poor 12 test
13 - 16 ,
14 retest 15 reliability
14 retest 16 ,
16 , 17 limited
17 limited 24 and
18 sensitivity 19 to
18 sensitivity 24 and
19 to 22 abnormalities
20 subtle 21 brain
21 brain 22 abnormalities
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 rate
24 and 28 of
24 and 30 elsewhere
24 and 31 in
25 a 27 rate
26 high 27 rate
28 of 29 intrusion
31 in 34 battery
32 the 34 battery
33 neuropsychological 34 battery

individual mmse items demonstrated poor construct validity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 items
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 individual 2 mmse
2 mmse 3 items
3 items 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 7 validity
5 poor 6 construct
6 construct 7 validity

these qualities illustrate the serious limitations of the mmse in detecting individual differences in cognitive function [among] healthy older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 qualities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 illustrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 qualities
2 qualities 3 illustrate
3 illustrate 6 limitations
3 illustrate 10 in
4 the 6 limitations
5 serious 6 limitations
6 limitations 7 of
7 of 9 mmse
8 the 9 mmse
10 in 11 detecting
11 detecting 13 differences
11 detecting 14 in
12 individual 13 differences
14 in 20 adults
15 cognitive 16 function
16 function 20 adults
18 healthy 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

unlabelled : background/study context : temporal sequence learning is a critical aspect of episodic memory that may be dependent on the temporal and frontal lobes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 background/study
2 : 9 is
3 background/study 4 context
3 background/study 8 learning
3 background/study 9 is
4 context 5 :
5 : 7 sequence
6 temporal 7 sequence
7 sequence 8 learning
9 is 12 aspect
9 is 20 on
10 a 12 aspect
11 critical 12 aspect
12 aspect 13 of
12 aspect 16 that
12 aspect 17 may
13 of 15 memory
14 episodic 15 memory
16 that 17 may
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 dependent
20 on 25 lobes
21 the 25 lobes
22 temporal 23 and
23 and 24 frontal
23 and 25 lobes

because amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( [amci] [ )(and normal aging may result in changes within the temporal and frontal lobes , the present study investigated temporal sequence learning in patients with amci , cognitively normal older adults , and young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 because 9 )(and
1 because 12 may
1 because 13 result
2 amnestic 5 impairment
3 mild 5 impairment
4 cognitive 5 impairment
5 impairment 9 )(and
6 ( 9 )(and
9 )(and 11 aging
9 )(and 12 may
10 normal 11 aging
13 result 14 in
14 in 19 and
15 changes 16 within
15 changes 19 and
16 within 18 temporal
17 the 18 temporal
19 and 21 lobes
20 frontal 21 lobes
22 , 40 and
23 the 28 sequence
24 present 25 study
25 study 26 investigated
26 investigated 28 sequence
27 temporal 28 sequence
28 sequence 29 learning
28 sequence 30 in
28 sequence 40 and
30 in 31 patients
31 patients 32 with
31 patients 38 adults
32 with 33 amci
34 , 38 adults
35 cognitively 36 normal
36 normal 38 adults
37 older 38 adults
38 adults 39 ,
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 adults
41 young 42 adults

methods : on each trial of a temporal sequence task , circles [appeared] one at a time at the end of each arm of a computerized radial eight - arm maze . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 on
3 on 5 trial
4 each 5 trial
5 trial 6 of
6 of 10 task
7 a 8 temporal
7 a 10 task
8 temporal 9 sequence
9 sequence 10 task
10 task 12 circles
11 , 12 circles
12 circles 14 one
12 circles 15 at
12 circles 24 of
12 circles 29 -
15 at 17 time
16 a 17 time
17 time 18 at
18 at 20 end
19 the 20 end
20 end 21 of
21 of 23 arm
22 each 23 arm
24 of 27 radial
25 a 26 computerized
25 a 27 radial
26 computerized 27 radial
27 radial 28 eight
29 - 31 maze
29 - 32 .
30 arm 31 maze

participants were asked to reproduce the temporal sequence by placing numbered circles ( 1 to 8 ) on the arms of the eight - arm maze . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 asked
3 asked 4 to
3 asked 5 reproduce
4 to 5 reproduce
5 reproduce 8 sequence
5 reproduce 9 by
6 the 8 sequence
7 temporal 8 sequence
9 by 10 placing
10 placing 12 circles
10 placing 18 on
11 numbered 12 circles
12 circles 15 to
13 ( 15 to
14 1 15 to
15 to 16 8
15 to 17 )
18 on 20 arms
19 the 20 arms
20 arms 21 of
21 of 23 eight
22 the 23 eight
24 - 26 maze
24 - 27 .
25 arm 26 maze

participants were presented with the same fixed sequence on each trial until the sequence was replicated without any errors , or until 15 trials were presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 presented
3 presented 4 with
3 presented 12 until
4 with 8 sequence
5 the 6 same
6 same 8 sequence
7 fixed 8 sequence
8 sequence 9 on
9 on 11 trial
10 each 11 trial
12 until 14 sequence
12 until 16 replicated
13 the 14 sequence
14 sequence 15 was
15 was 16 replicated
16 replicated 17 without
17 without 19 errors
18 any 19 errors
20 , 21 or
21 or 24 trials
21 or 26 presented
22 until 23 15
22 until 24 trials
24 trials 25 were
25 were 26 presented

results : individuals with amci required significantly more trials to learn the temporal sequence compared with older adults ( p < [.] 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 )(
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 6 required
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 6 required
4 with 5 amci
6 required 9 trials
6 required 10 to
6 required 11 learn
7 significantly 8 more
8 more 9 trials
10 to 11 learn
11 learn 14 sequence
11 learn 15 compared
12 the 14 sequence
13 temporal 14 sequence
14 sequence 15 compared
15 compared 16 with
15 compared 21 <
16 with 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 23 05

older adults required significantly more trials to learn the sequence than young adults ( [p] < [.] 05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 required
3 required 6 trials
3 required 7 to
3 required 8 learn
4 significantly 5 more
5 more 6 trials
7 to 8 learn
8 learn 10 sequence
8 learn 11 than
9 the 10 sequence
11 than 13 adults
12 young 13 adults
13 adults 18 05
14 ( 18 05
16 < 18 05
18 05 19 )

older adults and individuals with amci committed significantly more trial 1 errors ( [p] < [.] 05 ) than young adults ; however , there were no significant differences between the amci and older adult groups on trial 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 committed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 and
3 and 4 individuals
3 and 5 with
3 and 7 committed
5 with 6 amci
7 committed 12 errors
7 committed 19 than
8 significantly 9 more
9 more 12 errors
10 trial 11 1
10 trial 12 errors
12 errors 17 05
13 ( 17 05
15 < 17 05
17 05 18 )
19 than 21 adults
20 young 21 adults
22 ; 25 there
22 ; 26 were
23 however 24 ,
23 however 25 there
25 there 26 were
26 were 29 differences
26 were 37 on
27 no 29 differences
28 significant 29 differences
29 differences 30 between
30 between 33 and
31 the 32 amci
32 amci 33 and
33 and 36 groups
34 older 35 adult
35 adult 36 groups
37 on 38 trial
38 trial 39 1

conclusion : the results suggest that temporal sequence learning deficits are detectable in amci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 sequence
5 suggest 13 in
6 that 8 sequence
7 temporal 8 sequence
8 sequence 9 learning
9 learning 10 deficits
9 learning 11 are
10 deficits 11 are
11 are 12 detectable
13 in 14 amci

these deficits may disrupt a number of cognitive processes , such as episodic memory , that are important for the execution of daily activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disrupt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 deficits
2 deficits 3 may
3 may 4 disrupt
4 disrupt 6 number
5 a 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 16 that
6 number 17 are
7 of 9 processes
8 cognitive 9 processes
9 processes 12 as
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 14 memory
12 as 15 ,
13 episodic 14 memory
16 that 17 are
17 are 18 important
18 important 19 for
19 for 21 execution
20 the 21 execution
21 execution 22 of
22 of 24 activities
23 daily 24 activities

the results suggest that although temporal sequence learning declines with normal aging , this decline is greater in individuals who have a diagnosis of amci and [are] at higher risk for developing alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 15 decline
4 that 16 is
5 although 7 sequence
5 although 9 declines
5 although 13 ,
5 although 15 decline
6 temporal 7 sequence
7 sequence 8 learning
7 sequence 9 declines
9 declines 10 with
10 with 12 aging
11 normal 12 aging
14 this 15 decline
15 decline 16 is
16 is 17 greater
17 greater 26 and
17 greater 31 for
18 in 19 individuals
18 in 26 and
19 individuals 20 who
19 individuals 21 have
20 who 21 have
21 have 23 diagnosis
22 a 23 diagnosis
23 diagnosis 24 of
24 of 25 amci
26 and 28 at
28 at 30 risk
29 higher 30 risk
31 for 32 developing
32 developing 35 disease
33 alzheimer 34 's
34 's 35 disease

background : muscle morphology , age and gender may be determinants of muscle strength in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 morphology
3 muscle 4 morphology
5 , 7 and
5 , 10 be
6 age 7 and
7 and 8 gender
7 and 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 determinants
11 determinants 12 of
12 of 14 strength
13 muscle 14 strength
14 strength 15 in
15 in 17 adults
16 older 17 adults

however , very few research studies have directly examined [such] [correlation] [in] the ageing spine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 studies
3 very 4 few
4 few 6 studies
5 research 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 9 examined
8 directly 9 examined
9 examined 15 spine
13 the 15 spine
14 ageing 15 spine

the aim of the study was to examine the correlation between lumbar extensor muscle strength , its muscle fibre angles , thoracolumbar curvature , age and gender in the older and younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 correlation
8 examine 11 between
8 examine 28 in
9 the 10 correlation
11 between 26 and
12 lumbar 13 extensor
13 extensor 14 muscle
14 muscle 15 strength
15 strength 16 ,
16 , 20 angles
16 , 21 ,
17 its 20 angles
18 muscle 20 angles
19 fibre 20 angles
21 , 23 curvature
21 , 24 ,
22 thoracolumbar 23 curvature
24 , 25 age
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 gender
28 in 33 adults
29 the 33 adults
30 older 31 and
31 and 32 younger
31 and 33 adults

pearson 's correlation was employed to determine the association among lumbar extensor muscle fibre [angle] , thoracolumbar curvature , age , gender and lumbar extensor muscle strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 pearson 2 's
2 's 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 was
4 was 5 employed
5 employed 6 to
5 employed 7 determine
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 9 association
7 determine 10 among
8 the 9 association
10 among 23 and
11 lumbar 12 extensor
12 extensor 14 fibre
13 muscle 14 fibre
14 fibre 16 ,
16 , 18 curvature
16 , 19 ,
17 thoracolumbar 18 curvature
19 , 20 age
19 , 21 ,
21 , 22 gender
21 , 23 and
23 and 27 strength
24 lumbar 27 strength
25 extensor 27 strength
26 muscle 27 strength

multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to identify significant determinants of lumbar extensor muscle strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 multiple 5 analysis
2 stepwise 4 regression
3 linear 4 regression
4 regression 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 identify
8 to 9 identify
9 identify 11 determinants
10 significant 11 determinants
11 determinants 12 of
12 of 16 strength
13 lumbar 14 extensor
14 extensor 15 muscle
15 muscle 16 strength

results : the results demonstrated a significant correlation between lumbar extensor muscle strength , muscle fibre angle , age and gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 demonstrated
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 8 correlation
5 demonstrated 9 between
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 correlation
7 significant 8 correlation
9 between 20 and
10 lumbar 11 extensor
11 extensor 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 strength
13 strength 14 ,
14 , 17 angle
14 , 18 ,
15 muscle 16 fibre
16 fibre 17 angle
18 , 19 age
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 gender

in the step wise regression analysis , both gender and age were identified as the most robust determinant for lumbar extensor muscle strength in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 6 analysis
1 in 7 ,
1 in 10 and
2 the 6 analysis
3 step 6 analysis
4 wise 5 regression
5 regression 6 analysis
8 both 10 and
9 gender 10 and
10 and 11 age
10 and 12 were
12 were 13 identified
13 identified 14 as
13 identified 24 in
14 as 18 determinant
15 the 18 determinant
16 most 17 robust
17 robust 18 determinant
18 determinant 19 for
19 for 23 strength
20 lumbar 21 extensor
21 extensor 22 muscle
22 muscle 23 strength
24 in 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

however , gender was the only determinant of muscle strength in the young . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gender
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 gender
3 gender 4 was
4 was 7 determinant
5 the 6 only
5 the 7 determinant
7 determinant 8 of
8 of 10 strength
9 muscle 10 strength
10 strength 11 in
11 in 13 young
12 the 13 young

conclusion : these results suggest that the decline in the lumbar extensor muscle strength in older adults was more dependent on age when compared to younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 28 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 decline
6 that 18 was
7 the 8 decline
8 decline 9 in
8 decline 18 was
9 in 14 strength
10 the 14 strength
11 lumbar 12 extensor
12 extensor 14 strength
13 muscle 14 strength
14 strength 15 in
15 in 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 was 20 dependent
19 more 20 dependent
20 dependent 21 on
20 dependent 23 when
21 on 22 age
23 when 24 compared
24 compared 25 to
25 to 27 adults
26 younger 27 adults

aims : the response of amp - activated protein [kinase] ( ampk ) to oxidative stress has been recently reported but the downstream signals of this response are largely unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 response
2 : 20 reported
2 : 21 but
2 : 31 .
3 the 4 response
4 response 5 of
4 response 14 to
4 response 17 has
5 of 6 amp
6 amp 9 protein
7 - 9 protein
8 activated 9 protein
9 protein 12 ampk
9 protein 13 )
11 ( 12 ampk
12 ampk 13 )
14 to 16 stress
15 oxidative 16 stress
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 recently
18 been 20 reported
21 but 24 signals
21 but 28 are
22 the 24 signals
23 downstream 24 signals
24 signals 25 of
24 signals 28 are
25 of 27 response
26 this 27 response
28 are 29 largely
28 are 30 unknown

meanwhile , the upstream events for the activation of nuclear factor erythroid - 2 - related factor [-] 2 ( nrf2 ) , a critical transcriptional activator for antioxidative responses , remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 meanwhile 2 ,
1 meanwhile 5 events
3 the 5 events
4 upstream 5 events
5 events 6 for
5 events 32 remain
6 for 8 activation
7 the 8 activation
8 activation 9 of
9 of 17 factor
10 nuclear 11 factor
11 factor 17 factor
12 erythroid 14 2
12 erythroid 17 factor
13 - 14 2
14 2 15 -
16 related 17 factor
17 factor 19 2
17 factor 21 nrf2
17 factor 27 activator
20 ( 21 nrf2
21 nrf2 22 )
23 , 27 activator
24 a 25 critical
24 a 27 activator
25 critical 27 activator
26 transcriptional 27 activator
27 activator 28 for
27 activator 31 ,
28 for 30 responses
29 antioxidative 30 responses
32 remain 33 unclear

in the present study , we investigated the relationship between ampk and nrf2 signal pathways in lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) - triggered inflammatory system , [in] which berberine ( bbr ) , a known ampk activator , was used for inflammation suppression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 investigated
7 investigated 9 relationship
7 investigated 16 in
8 the 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 between
10 between 12 and
11 ampk 12 and
12 and 15 pathways
13 nrf2 14 signal
14 signal 15 pathways
16 in 17 lipopolysaccharide
17 lipopolysaccharide 19 lps
18 ( 19 lps
19 lps 20 )
21 - 24 system
21 - 25 ,
21 - 43 .
22 triggered 24 system
23 inflammatory 24 system
25 , 27 which
25 , 39 used
27 which 28 berberine
28 berberine 30 bbr
28 berberine 36 activator
28 berberine 38 was
29 ( 30 bbr
30 bbr 31 )
32 , 36 activator
33 a 36 activator
34 known 36 activator
35 ampk 36 activator
36 activator 37 ,
38 was 39 used
39 used 40 for
40 for 42 suppression
41 inflammation 42 suppression

results and innovation : in inflammatory macrophages , bbr attenuated lps - induced expression of inflammatory genes ( inducible nitric oxide synthase [ inos ] , cyclooxygenase - 2 [ cox2 ] , interleukin [ il ] - 6 ) , and the generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species , but increased the transcription of nrf2 - targeted antioxidative genes ( nadph quinone oxidoreductase - 1 [ nqo - 1 ] , heme oxygenase - 1 [ ho - 1 ] ) , as well as the nuclear localization and phosphorylation of nrf2 protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 innovation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 75 heme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 97 .
1 results 3 innovation
2 and 3 innovation
3 innovation 4 :
4 : 5 in
5 in 7 macrophages
6 inflammatory 7 macrophages
8 , 9 bbr
8 , 10 attenuated
8 , 12 -
9 bbr 10 attenuated
10 attenuated 11 lps
12 - 53 but
12 - 59 -
13 induced 48 and
13 induced 53 but
14 expression 15 of
14 expression 42 and
15 of 17 genes
16 inflammatory 17 genes
17 genes 22 synthase
17 genes 29 2
18 ( 22 synthase
19 inducible 21 oxide
20 nitric 21 oxide
21 oxide 22 synthase
22 synthase 24 inos
22 synthase 27 cyclooxygenase
22 synthase 28 -
23 [ 24 inos
24 inos 25 ]
26 , 27 cyclooxygenase
27 cyclooxygenase 28 -
28 - 29 2
29 2 31 cox2
29 2 34 interleukin
29 2 41 ,
30 [ 31 cox2
31 cox2 32 ]
33 , 34 interleukin
34 interleukin 36 il
34 interleukin 39 6
34 interleukin 41 ,
35 [ 36 il
36 il 37 ]
38 - 39 6
39 6 40 )
42 and 44 generation
42 and 48 and
43 the 44 generation
44 generation 45 of
45 of 47 oxide
46 nitric 47 oxide
48 and 51 species
48 and 52 ,
49 reactive 50 oxygen
50 oxygen 51 species
53 but 54 increased
54 increased 56 transcription
55 the 56 transcription
56 transcription 57 of
57 of 58 nrf2
59 - 62 genes
59 - 74 ,
60 targeted 62 genes
61 antioxidative 62 genes
62 genes 66 oxidoreductase
63 ( 66 oxidoreductase
64 nadph 65 quinone
65 quinone 66 oxidoreductase
66 oxidoreductase 68 1
66 oxidoreductase 74 ,
67 - 68 1
68 1 70 nqo
68 1 73 ]
69 [ 70 nqo
70 nqo 72 1
70 nqo 73 ]
71 - 72 1
72 1 73 ]
74 , 75 heme
75 heme 76 oxygenase
75 heme 88 as
76 oxygenase 78 1
77 - 78 1
78 1 80 ho
78 1 85 ,
79 [ 80 ho
80 ho 82 1
80 ho 84 )
81 - 82 1
82 1 83 ]
86 as 87 well
87 well 88 as
88 as 92 and
89 the 91 localization
90 nuclear 91 localization
91 localization 92 and
92 and 93 phosphorylation
93 phosphorylation 94 of
94 of 96 protein
95 nrf2 96 protein

importantly , we found bbr - induced activation of nrf2 is ampk - dependent , as either pharmacologically [or] genetically inactivating ampk blocked the activation of nrf2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 bbr
6 - 8 activation
6 - 11 is
6 - 13 -
7 induced 8 activation
8 activation 9 of
8 activation 11 is
9 of 10 nrf2
11 is 12 ampk
13 - 14 dependent
13 - 15 ,
13 - 28 .
15 , 21 inactivating
15 , 23 blocked
16 as 17 either
16 as 21 inactivating
18 pharmacologically 21 inactivating
20 genetically 21 inactivating
21 inactivating 22 ampk
21 inactivating 23 blocked
23 blocked 25 activation
24 the 25 activation
25 activation 26 of
26 of 27 nrf2

consistent [with] in vitro experiments , [bbr] down - regulated the expression of proinflammatory genes but upregulated those of nrf2 - targeted genes in lungs of lps - injected mice , and these effects were attenuated in nrf2 - deficient mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 consistent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 consistent 5 experiments
3 in 4 vitro
4 vitro 5 experiments
5 experiments 8 down
6 , 8 down
8 down 9 -
9 - 16 but
9 - 32 and
10 regulated 12 expression
10 regulated 16 but
11 the 12 expression
12 expression 13 of
13 of 15 genes
14 proinflammatory 15 genes
16 but 17 upregulated
17 upregulated 18 those
17 upregulated 28 -
18 those 19 of
19 of 20 nrf2
21 - 28 -
22 targeted 23 genes
23 genes 24 in
23 genes 26 of
23 genes 28 -
24 in 25 lungs
26 of 27 lps
28 - 30 mice
28 - 31 ,
29 injected 30 mice
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 effects
32 and 36 attenuated
33 these 34 effects
34 effects 35 were
35 were 36 attenuated
36 attenuated 37 in
37 in 38 nrf2
38 nrf2 41 mice
39 - 41 mice
40 deficient 41 mice
41 mice 42 .

moreover , the effect of bbr on survival time extension and plasma redox regulation in endotoxin - shocked mice was largely weakened [when] nrf2 - depleted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 weakened
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 22 weakened
5 of 6 bbr
6 bbr 7 on
7 on 8 survival
8 survival 9 time
8 survival 20 was
9 time 11 and
9 time 18 shocked
9 time 20 was
10 extension 11 and
11 and 14 regulation
11 and 17 -
11 and 18 shocked
12 plasma 13 redox
13 redox 14 regulation
14 regulation 15 in
15 in 16 endotoxin
18 shocked 19 mice
21 largely 22 weakened
22 weakened 24 nrf2
22 weakened 26 depleted
25 - 26 depleted
26 depleted 27 .

conclusions : our results demonstrate convergence between ampk and nrf2 pathways and this intersection is essential for anti - inflammatory effect of bbr in lps - stimulated macrophages and endotoxin - shocked mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 demonstrate
2 : 12 and
2 : 32 shocked
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 6 convergence
5 demonstrate 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 ampk 9 and
9 and 11 pathways
10 nrf2 11 pathways
12 and 14 intersection
12 and 15 is
13 this 14 intersection
14 intersection 15 is
15 is 16 essential
15 is 17 for
17 for 29 and
18 anti 21 effect
18 anti 28 macrophages
19 - 21 effect
20 inflammatory 21 effect
21 effect 22 of
21 effect 26 -
22 of 23 bbr
23 bbr 24 in
24 in 25 lps
27 stimulated 28 macrophages
28 macrophages 29 and
29 and 30 endotoxin
29 and 31 -
29 and 32 shocked
32 shocked 33 mice

uncovering this intersection is significant for understanding the relationship between energy homeostasis and antioxidative responses and may be beneficial for developing new therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 uncovering
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 uncovering 3 intersection
1 uncovering 16 and
2 this 3 intersection
4 is 5 significant
4 is 16 and
5 significant 6 for
6 for 7 understanding
7 understanding 9 relationship
7 understanding 10 between
8 the 9 relationship
10 between 13 and
11 energy 12 homeostasis
12 homeostasis 13 and
13 and 15 responses
14 antioxidative 15 responses
16 and 17 may
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 beneficial
19 beneficial 20 for
20 for 21 developing
21 developing 24 strategies
21 developing 25 against
22 new 24 strategies
23 therapeutic 24 strategies
25 against 27 diseases
26 inflammatory 27 diseases

antioxid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 antioxid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .

redox signal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 signal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 .
1 redox 2 signal

traditionally regarded as a typical vitamin regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis , vitamin d is now discovered as a highly versatile molecule with emerging roles in immunity , cancer , infectious diseases , fibrosis , fatty liver diseases , and alcoholic liver diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 discovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 traditionally 13 vitamin
2 regarded 3 as
2 regarded 12 ,
2 regarded 13 vitamin
3 as 9 and
4 a 5 typical
4 a 6 vitamin
5 typical 6 vitamin
6 vitamin 7 regulating
6 vitamin 9 and
7 regulating 8 calcium
9 and 11 homeostasis
9 and 12 ,
10 phosphorus 11 homeostasis
13 vitamin 14 d
13 vitamin 15 is
15 is 17 discovered
16 now 17 discovered
17 discovered 18 as
18 as 22 molecule
19 a 20 highly
19 a 22 molecule
20 highly 21 versatile
21 versatile 22 molecule
22 molecule 23 with
23 with 25 roles
24 emerging 25 roles
25 roles 26 in
26 in 40 and
27 immunity 28 ,
28 , 29 cancer
28 , 30 ,
30 , 32 diseases
30 , 33 ,
31 infectious 32 diseases
33 , 34 fibrosis
33 , 35 ,
35 , 38 diseases
35 , 40 and
36 fatty 37 liver
37 liver 38 diseases
39 , 40 and
40 and 43 diseases
41 alcoholic 42 liver
42 liver 43 diseases

a large body of clinical evidence has demonstrated the prevalence and risks of vitamin d deficiency in various chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 large
1 a 3 body
2 large 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 7 has
4 of 6 evidence
5 clinical 6 evidence
7 has 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 11 and
8 demonstrated 17 in
9 the 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 and
11 and 12 risks
11 and 13 of
13 of 16 deficiency
14 vitamin 15 d
14 vitamin 16 deficiency
17 in 20 diseases
18 various 20 diseases
19 chronic 20 diseases

biologically active vitamin d , 1,25 - dihydroxylvitamin d3 , is synthesized in two distinct systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 synthesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 biologically 2 active
2 active 3 vitamin
3 vitamin 4 d
3 vitamin 7 -
3 vitamin 11 is
5 , 7 -
6 1,25 7 -
7 - 9 d3
7 - 10 ,
8 dihydroxylvitamin 9 d3
11 is 12 synthesized
12 synthesized 13 in
13 in 16 systems
14 two 16 systems
15 distinct 16 systems

in addition to the classic two - step hydroxylation in the liver and kidneys , 1,25 - dihydroxylvitamin d3 can also be produced locally by immune cells in response to infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 d3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 19 d3
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 16 1,25
3 to 5 classic
4 the 5 classic
5 classic 6 two
5 classic 13 and
7 - 13 and
8 step 9 hydroxylation
9 hydroxylation 10 in
9 hydroxylation 13 and
10 in 12 liver
11 the 12 liver
13 and 14 kidneys
13 and 15 ,
15 , 16 1,25
16 1,25 17 -
18 dihydroxylvitamin 19 d3
19 d3 20 can
20 can 22 be
21 also 22 be
22 be 23 produced
23 produced 24 locally
23 produced 25 by
23 produced 30 to
25 by 27 cells
26 immune 27 cells
28 in 29 response
29 response 30 to
30 to 31 infection

the bioactive vitamin d generated in these two pools apparently functions differently : while the former facilitates calcium adsorption and homeostasis , the latter confers immune regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
1 the 3 vitamin
2 bioactive 3 vitamin
3 vitamin 4 d
3 vitamin 5 generated
3 vitamin 11 functions
5 generated 6 in
6 in 9 pools
7 these 8 two
8 two 9 pools
10 apparently 11 functions
11 functions 12 differently
13 : 24 latter
13 : 25 confers
13 : 28 .
14 while 16 former
14 while 17 facilitates
14 while 22 ,
14 while 24 latter
15 the 16 former
16 former 17 facilitates
17 facilitates 20 and
18 calcium 19 adsorption
19 adsorption 20 and
20 and 21 homeostasis
23 the 24 latter
24 latter 25 confers
25 confers 27 regulation
26 immune 27 regulation

the immune regulatory functions of vitamin d are demonstrated by induction of antimicrobial peptides , suppression of innate immune [response] , induction of th2 cytokines , and stimulation of t - [regulatory] t cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 4 functions
2 immune 4 functions
3 regulatory 4 functions
4 functions 5 of
4 functions 8 are
5 of 6 vitamin
6 vitamin 7 d
8 are 9 demonstrated
9 demonstrated 10 by
10 by 11 induction
11 induction 12 of
12 of 27 and
13 antimicrobial 14 peptides
14 peptides 15 ,
15 , 16 suppression
15 , 27 and
16 suppression 17 of
17 of 22 induction
18 innate 22 induction
19 immune 21 ,
19 immune 22 induction
22 induction 23 of
23 of 25 cytokines
24 th2 25 cytokines
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 stimulation
27 and 29 of
29 of 34 cells
30 t 31 -
31 - 33 t
31 - 34 cells

vitamin d deficiency or insufficiency is overwhelmingly associated with viral hepatitis , cirrhosis , and fatty liver diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 3 deficiency
4 or 5 insufficiency
4 or 8 associated
5 insufficiency 6 is
6 is 8 associated
7 overwhelmingly 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 15 and
10 viral 11 hepatitis
11 hepatitis 12 ,
12 , 13 cirrhosis
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 diseases
16 fatty 17 liver
17 liver 18 diseases

recent clinical trials have shown that vitamin d supplements significantly enhance the efficacy [of] interferon plus ribavirin therapy through sustained virological response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 recent 3 trials
2 clinical 3 trials
3 trials 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 6 that
6 that 9 supplements
6 that 11 enhance
7 vitamin 8 d
7 vitamin 9 supplements
9 supplements 11 enhance
10 significantly 11 enhance
11 enhance 22 response
12 the 22 response
13 efficacy 22 response
15 interferon 18 therapy
16 plus 17 ribavirin
17 ribavirin 18 therapy
18 therapy 22 response
19 through 22 response
20 sustained 22 response
21 virological 22 response

a recent study showed that 25 - dihydroxyvitamin d [rather] than 1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin d could directly suppress hepatitis [c] virus [assembly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 recent
1 a 3 study
2 recent 3 study
3 study 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 6 25
7 - 8 dihydroxyvitamin
7 - 11 than
8 dihydroxyvitamin 9 d
11 than 12 1,25
11 than 13 -
12 1,25 13 -
13 - 14 dihydroxyvitamin
14 dihydroxyvitamin 15 d
14 dihydroxyvitamin 16 could
16 could 18 suppress
17 directly 18 suppress
18 suppress 21 virus
19 hepatitis 21 virus

moreover , clinical evidence has shown that vitamin d deficiency is associated with alcoholic [and] [non] - alcoholic fatty liver diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 evidence
3 clinical 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 has
5 has 6 shown
6 shown 7 that
7 that 10 deficiency
7 that 12 associated
8 vitamin 9 d
8 vitamin 10 deficiency
10 deficiency 11 is
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 21 diseases
14 alcoholic 17 -
14 alcoholic 20 liver
18 alcoholic 20 liver
19 fatty 20 liver
20 liver 21 diseases

in this review , we highlight some recent advances in vitamin d researches and clinical trails . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 highlight
6 highlight 9 advances
6 highlight 10 in
7 some 9 advances
8 recent 9 advances
10 in 14 and
11 vitamin 12 d
11 vitamin 13 researches
13 researches 14 and
14 and 16 trails
15 clinical 16 trails

background and aims : surveillance is an integral part of the colorectal cancer ( crc ) screening process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 5 surveillance
4 : 6 is
4 : 19 .
5 surveillance 6 is
6 is 9 part
7 an 8 integral
7 an 9 part
8 integral 9 part
9 part 10 of
9 part 17 screening
10 of 13 cancer
11 the 13 cancer
12 colorectal 13 cancer
13 cancer 15 crc
14 ( 15 crc
15 crc 16 )
17 screening 18 process

we aimed to investigate [inter] - physician variation in [follow] - up procedures after screening colonoscopy in an opportunistic crc screening program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
6 - 8 variation
7 physician 8 variation
8 variation 9 in
8 variation 13 procedures
8 variation 16 colonoscopy
9 in 12 up
11 - 12 up
13 procedures 14 after
13 procedures 16 colonoscopy
14 after 15 screening
16 colonoscopy 17 in
17 in 22 program
18 an 19 opportunistic
18 an 22 program
19 opportunistic 22 program
20 crc 22 program
21 screening 22 program

methods : a historical cohort study in the german statutory health insurance system was conducted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 study
2 : 15 conducted
2 : 16 .
3 a 4 historical
3 a 6 study
4 historical 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 study
6 study 7 in
6 study 14 was
7 in 13 system
8 the 13 system
9 german 12 insurance
10 statutory 11 health
11 health 12 insurance
12 insurance 13 system
14 was 15 conducted

utilization of [follow] - up colonoscopies performed by the same physician ( 328 physicians [overall] ) within 3 years was ascertained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 utilization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ascertained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 utilization 2 of
1 utilization 6 colonoscopies
1 utilization 7 performed
1 utilization 20 was
2 of 5 up
4 - 5 up
6 colonoscopies 7 performed
7 performed 8 by
7 performed 17 within
8 by 11 physician
9 the 10 same
10 same 11 physician
11 physician 14 physicians
12 ( 14 physicians
13 328 14 physicians
14 physicians 16 )
17 within 19 years
18 3 19 years
20 was 21 ascertained

mixed effects logistic regression modelling was used to assess the effect of physicians and other potential predictors ( screening result , age group , and sex ) on re - utilization of colonoscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
1 mixed 2 effects
2 effects 3 logistic
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 modelling
4 regression 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 assess
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 11 effect
10 the 11 effect
11 effect 12 of
11 effect 19 screening
12 of 14 and
13 physicians 14 and
14 and 17 predictors
15 other 17 predictors
16 potential 17 predictors
18 ( 19 screening
19 screening 25 and
19 screening 28 on
19 screening 29 re
19 screening 34 .
20 result 21 ,
21 , 23 group
21 , 25 and
22 age 23 group
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 sex
25 and 27 )
29 re 30 -
29 re 31 utilization
31 utilization 32 of
32 of 33 colonoscopy

physicians were grouped into quintiles according to individual effects estimated in a preliminary model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 grouped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 physicians 2 were
2 were 3 grouped
3 grouped 4 into
3 grouped 7 to
4 into 5 quintiles
6 according 7 to
7 to 9 effects
8 individual 9 effects
9 effects 10 estimated
10 estimated 11 in
11 in 14 model
12 a 13 preliminary
12 a 14 model
13 preliminary 14 model

predicted probabilities of [follow] - up colonoscopy by screening result and physician group were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 probabilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 predicted 2 probabilities
2 probabilities 3 of
2 probabilities 7 colonoscopy
2 probabilities 14 were
3 of 6 up
5 - 6 up
7 colonoscopy 8 by
8 by 9 screening
9 screening 11 and
10 result 11 and
11 and 13 group
12 physician 13 group
14 were 15 calculated

all considered predictors were statistically significantly associated with [follow] - up colonoscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 all 2 considered
1 all 4 were
2 considered 3 predictors
4 were 5 statistically
4 were 7 associated
6 significantly 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 12 colonoscopy
8 with 11 up
10 - 11 up

the predicted probabilities [of] follow - up colonoscopy ranged from 1.7 % ( 1.4 - 2.0 % ) to 11.0 % ( 10.2 - 11.7 % ) , from 7.3 % ( 6.2 - 8.5 % [ )(to 35.1 % ( 32.6 - 37.7 % ) , and from 17.9 % ( 15.5 - 20.6 % ) to 56.9 % ( 53.5 - 60.3 % ) in the 1 ( st ) quintile [(] [lowest] rates [of] follow - up [ )(and 5 [(] th ) quintile [(] [highest] rates [of] follow - up ) of physicians after negative colonoscopy , low - risk adenoma and high - risk adenoma detection , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 probabilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 3 probabilities
2 predicted 3 probabilities
3 probabilities 5 follow
6 - 8 colonoscopy
6 - 9 ranged
7 up 8 colonoscopy
8 colonoscopy 9 ranged
9 ranged 19 to
10 from 19 to
11 1.7 12 %
11 1.7 19 to
12 % 15 -
13 ( 15 -
14 1.4 15 -
15 - 17 %
15 - 18 )
16 2.0 17 %
19 to 20 11.0
19 to 29 from
20 11.0 21 %
21 % 23 10.2
22 ( 23 10.2
23 10.2 26 %
23 10.2 28 ,
24 - 26 %
25 11.7 26 %
26 % 27 )
29 from 31 %
30 7.3 31 %
31 % 34 -
32 ( 34 -
33 6.2 34 -
34 - 36 %
35 8.5 36 %
36 % 48 and
38 )(to 40 %
38 )(to 48 and
39 35.1 40 %
40 % 42 32.6
41 ( 42 32.6
42 32.6 45 %
42 32.6 47 ,
43 - 45 %
44 37.7 45 %
45 % 46 )
48 and 49 from
49 from 58 to
50 17.9 51 %
50 17.9 58 to
51 % 56 %
52 ( 56 %
53 15.5 54 -
54 - 55 20.6
54 - 56 %
56 % 57 )
58 to 59 56.9
58 to 67 in
59 56.9 60 %
60 % 63 -
61 ( 63 -
62 53.5 63 -
63 - 65 %
63 - 66 )
64 60.3 65 %
67 in 69 1
68 the 69 1
69 1 79 -
70 ( 79 -
71 st 72 )
71 st 73 quintile
73 quintile 76 rates
73 quintile 78 follow
73 quintile 79 -
76 rates 78 follow
79 - 87 quintile
80 up 82 )(and
82 )(and 85 th
82 )(and 86 )
82 )(and 87 quintile
83 5 85 th
87 quintile 90 rates
87 quintile 92 follow
87 quintile 96 of
87 quintile 98 after
90 rates 92 follow
92 follow 94 up
93 - 94 up
94 up 95 )
96 of 97 physicians
98 after 100 colonoscopy
99 negative 100 colonoscopy
100 colonoscopy 102 low
101 , 102 low
102 low 104 risk
102 low 114 .
103 - 104 risk
104 risk 106 and
104 risk 109 risk
104 risk 114 .
105 adenoma 106 and
106 and 107 high
106 and 108 -
106 and 109 risk
109 risk 111 detection
109 risk 113 respectively
110 adenoma 111 detection
112 , 113 respectively
113 respectively 114 .

conclusions : this study suggests substantial [inter] - physician variation [in] follow - up habits after screening colonoscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 suggests
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 suggests
5 suggests 10 variation
5 suggests 12 follow
6 substantial 8 -
6 substantial 9 physician
9 physician 10 variation
12 follow 14 up
13 - 14 up
14 up 15 habits
14 up 19 .
15 habits 16 after
16 after 17 screening
17 screening 18 colonoscopy

interventions , including organizational changes in crc screening should be considered to reduce this variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 , 3 including
2 , 11 considered
3 including 5 changes
3 including 6 in
3 including 9 should
4 organizational 5 changes
6 in 8 screening
7 crc 8 screening
9 should 10 be
10 be 11 considered
11 considered 12 to
11 considered 13 reduce
12 to 13 reduce
13 reduce 15 variation
14 this 15 variation

background : depressive symptoms and physical performance are inversely associated , but it is unclear whether their association is bidirectional . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 10 associated
2 : 12 but
3 depressive 4 symptoms
4 symptoms 5 and
5 and 7 performance
5 and 8 are
6 physical 7 performance
8 are 10 associated
9 inversely 10 associated
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 it
12 but 14 is
13 it 14 is
14 is 15 unclear
15 unclear 16 whether
16 whether 18 association
16 whether 19 is
17 their 18 association
18 association 19 is
19 is 20 bidirectional

we examined whether the association between depressive symptoms and physical performance measured using gait speed is bidirectional . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 whether
3 whether 5 association
3 whether 16 is
4 the 5 association
5 association 6 between
5 association 12 measured
5 association 16 is
6 between 9 and
7 depressive 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 9 and
9 and 11 performance
10 physical 11 performance
12 measured 13 using
13 using 15 speed
14 gait 15 speed
16 is 17 bidirectional

methods : we used a national sample of 4,581 community [-] dwelling people aged 60 years and older from the english longitudinal study of ageing ( from 2002 - 03 to 2008 - 09 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 used
2 : 29 -
3 we 4 used
4 used 7 sample
4 used 17 and
4 used 19 from
5 a 7 sample
6 national 7 sample
7 sample 8 of
8 of 13 people
9 4,581 10 community
10 community 12 dwelling
12 dwelling 13 people
13 people 14 aged
14 aged 15 60
16 years 17 and
17 and 18 older
19 from 23 study
20 the 23 study
21 english 23 study
22 longitudinal 23 study
23 study 24 of
24 of 25 ageing
25 ageing 27 from
26 ( 27 from
27 from 28 2002
27 from 29 -
29 - 31 to
30 03 31 to
31 to 32 2008
31 to 34 09
33 - 34 09
34 09 35 )

we fitted generalized estimating equation ( gee ) regression models to analyse repeated measurements of gait speed ( [m] / [sec] ) and elevated depressive symptoms ( defined as a score of ≥4 on the eight - item center for epidemiological studies - depression scale [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 -
1 we 2 fitted
2 fitted 10 models
2 fitted 11 to
2 fitted 40 for
3 generalized 4 estimating
4 estimating 5 equation
5 equation 7 gee
6 ( 7 gee
7 gee 8 )
7 gee 9 regression
9 regression 10 models
11 to 12 analyse
12 analyse 39 center
13 repeated 14 measurements
14 measurements 15 of
14 measurements 23 and
15 of 17 speed
16 gait 17 speed
17 speed 20 /
18 ( 20 /
20 / 22 )
23 and 26 symptoms
23 and 28 defined
23 and 38 item
24 elevated 25 depressive
25 depressive 26 symptoms
27 ( 28 defined
28 defined 29 as
28 defined 34 on
28 defined 37 -
29 as 33 ≥4
30 a 31 score
31 score 32 of
31 score 33 ≥4
32 of 33 ≥4
34 on 36 eight
35 the 36 eight
38 item 39 center
40 for 42 studies
41 epidemiological 42 studies
43 - 45 scale
43 - 47 )(
44 depression 45 scale

results : slower gait speed was associated with elevated depressive symptoms both [concurrently] and two years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 5 speed
2 : 7 associated
3 slower 4 gait
4 gait 5 speed
5 speed 6 was
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 14 and
8 with 11 symptoms
9 elevated 11 symptoms
10 depressive 11 symptoms
12 both 14 and
14 and 17 later
15 two 16 years
16 years 17 later

[after] adjustment for previous depressive symptoms and sociodemographic , clinical , lifestyle , psychosocial , and cognitive factors the concurrent association was partially explained [(] odds [ratio] [ or []] 0.42 , [95] % confidence interval [[] ci []] , 0.30 to 0.59 , [per] 1 m / [sec] increase in gait speed [ )(and the two [-] year lagged association [fully] ( or 0.75 , 95 % ci , 0.56 to 1.00 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 7 and
3 for 6 symptoms
4 previous 6 symptoms
5 depressive 6 symptoms
7 and 12 lifestyle
7 and 13 ,
8 sociodemographic 9 ,
8 sociodemographic 12 lifestyle
10 clinical 11 ,
10 clinical 12 lifestyle
13 , 24 explained
14 psychosocial 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 factors
16 and 21 association
16 and 22 was
16 and 24 explained
17 cognitive 18 factors
19 the 21 association
20 concurrent 21 association
21 association 22 was
23 partially 24 explained
24 explained 32 ,
24 explained 34 %
26 odds 29 or
28 [ 29 or
29 or 31 0.42
29 or 32 ,
34 % 35 confidence
35 confidence 36 interval
36 interval 48 /
38 ci 42 to
38 ci 48 /
40 , 42 to
41 0.30 42 to
42 to 43 0.59
42 to 44 ,
46 1 47 m
47 m 48 /
48 / 50 increase
50 increase 51 in
50 increase 55 )(and
51 in 53 speed
52 gait 53 speed
55 )(and 59 year
55 )(and 60 lagged
56 the 59 year
57 two 59 year
60 lagged 61 association
61 association 64 or
61 association 69 ci
63 ( 64 or
64 or 65 0.75
64 or 66 ,
66 , 69 ci
67 95 69 ci
68 % 69 ci
69 ci 72 to
69 ci 75 .
70 , 72 to
71 0.56 72 to
72 to 73 1.00
72 to 74 )

elevated depressive symptoms were associated with slower gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 elevated 3 symptoms
2 depressive 3 symptoms
3 symptoms 4 were
4 were 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 speed
7 slower 8 gait
8 gait 9 speed

full adjustment for covariates ( including previous gait speed ) partially explained both the concurrent ( β regression coefficient [ β ] - 0.038 , 95 % ci , [-] 0.050 [to] - 0.026 , [for] participants with elevated depressive symptoms compared with those with [no] or one symptom ) and the two [-] year lagged associations ( β - 0.017 , 95 % ci , - 0.030 to - 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 explained
1 full 2 adjustment
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 9 speed
2 adjustment 12 explained
3 for 4 covariates
5 ( 9 speed
6 including 8 gait
7 previous 8 gait
8 gait 9 speed
9 speed 10 )
11 partially 12 explained
12 explained 13 both
12 explained 23 -
13 both 14 the
13 both 15 concurrent
14 the 15 concurrent
16 ( 23 -
17 β 18 regression
18 regression 19 coefficient
19 coefficient 21 β
19 coefficient 23 -
20 [ 21 β
21 β 22 ]
23 - 24 0.038
23 - 29 ,
24 0.038 28 ci
25 , 28 ci
26 95 28 ci
27 % 28 ci
28 ci 29 ,
29 , 33 -
31 0.050 33 -
33 - 34 0.026
33 - 35 ,
33 - 37 participants
37 participants 38 with
37 participants 47 or
38 with 40 depressive
39 elevated 40 depressive
40 depressive 41 symptoms
40 depressive 45 with
41 symptoms 42 compared
42 compared 43 with
42 compared 45 with
43 with 44 those
47 or 49 symptom
47 or 50 )
47 or 51 and
48 one 49 symptom
51 and 55 year
51 and 56 lagged
52 the 55 year
53 two 55 year
56 lagged 57 associations
57 associations 60 -
58 ( 60 -
59 β 60 -
60 - 61 0.017
61 0.017 65 ci
62 , 65 ci
63 95 65 ci
64 % 65 ci
65 ci 69 to
65 ci 73 .
66 , 69 to
67 - 68 0.030
68 0.030 69 to
69 to 71 0.005
69 to 72 )
70 - 71 0.005

subthreshold depressive symptoms ( defined as a score of two or three on the eight - item center for epidemiological studies - depression [scale] ) were also associated with slower gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 subthreshold 3 symptoms
2 depressive 3 symptoms
3 symptoms 5 defined
3 symptoms 18 center
3 symptoms 26 were
4 ( 5 defined
5 defined 6 as
5 defined 13 on
5 defined 16 -
6 as 8 score
7 a 8 score
8 score 9 of
9 of 11 or
10 two 11 or
11 or 12 three
13 on 15 eight
14 the 15 eight
16 - 18 center
17 item 18 center
18 center 19 for
18 center 23 depression
18 center 25 )
19 for 21 studies
20 epidemiological 21 studies
22 - 23 depression
23 depression 25 )
26 were 27 also
26 were 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
29 with 32 speed
30 slower 31 gait
31 gait 32 speed

full adjustment for covariates partially explained both the concurrent ( β - 0.029 , 95 % ci , - 0.039 to - 0.019 , for participants with subthreshold symptoms compared with those with [no] or one symptom ) and the two [-] year lagged associations ( β - 0.011 , 95 % ci , - 0.021 to - 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 full
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 lagged
1 full 2 adjustment
1 full 6 explained
1 full 44 lagged
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 6 explained
3 for 4 covariates
5 partially 6 explained
6 explained 7 both
6 explained 19 -
6 explained 25 for
7 both 8 the
7 both 9 concurrent
8 the 9 concurrent
10 ( 19 -
11 β 13 0.029
11 β 19 -
12 - 13 0.029
13 0.029 17 ci
13 0.029 18 ,
14 , 17 ci
15 95 17 ci
16 % 17 ci
17 ci 18 ,
19 - 20 0.039
19 - 24 ,
20 0.039 21 to
21 to 23 0.019
22 - 23 0.019
25 for 39 and
26 participants 27 with
26 participants 35 or
27 with 28 subthreshold
28 subthreshold 29 symptoms
28 subthreshold 33 with
29 symptoms 30 compared
30 compared 31 with
30 compared 33 with
31 with 32 those
35 or 37 symptom
35 or 38 )
35 or 39 and
36 one 37 symptom
39 and 43 year
40 the 43 year
41 two 43 year
44 lagged 45 associations
45 associations 48 -
46 ( 48 -
47 β 48 -
48 - 49 0.011
48 - 61 .
49 0.011 53 ci
50 , 53 ci
51 95 53 ci
52 % 53 ci
53 ci 57 to
53 ci 61 .
54 , 57 to
55 - 57 to
56 0.021 57 to
57 to 59 0.001
57 to 60 )
58 - 59 0.001

conclusions : the inverse association between gait speed and depressive symptoms appears to be bidirectional . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 association
2 : 12 appears
2 : 16 .
3 the 5 association
4 inverse 5 association
5 association 6 between
5 association 12 appears
6 between 9 and
7 gait 8 speed
8 speed 9 and
9 and 11 symptoms
10 depressive 11 symptoms
12 appears 13 to
12 appears 14 be
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 bidirectional

[aiming] at iron - related t2 - hypointensity , which is related to normal aging and neurodegenerative processes , we [here] present two practicable approaches , based on bayesian inference , for preprocessing and statistical analysis of a complex set of structural mri data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 hypointensity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
2 at 3 iron
2 at 4 -
2 at 8 hypointensity
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 t2
5 related 7 -
5 related 8 hypointensity
8 hypointensity 10 which
8 hypointensity 12 related
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 is
12 related 13 to
13 to 16 and
14 normal 15 aging
14 normal 16 and
16 and 18 processes
16 and 19 ,
16 and 20 we
16 and 22 present
17 neurodegenerative 18 processes
20 we 22 present
22 present 25 approaches
22 present 27 based
22 present 32 for
23 two 25 approaches
24 practicable 25 approaches
26 , 27 based
27 based 28 on
27 based 31 ,
28 on 30 inference
29 bayesian 30 inference
32 for 34 and
33 preprocessing 34 and
34 and 36 analysis
34 and 45 .
35 statistical 36 analysis
36 analysis 37 of
36 analysis 41 of
37 of 40 set
38 a 40 set
39 complex 40 set
41 of 44 data
42 structural 44 data
43 mri 44 data

in particular , markov chain monte carlo methods were used to simulate posterior distributions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 8 methods
4 markov 5 chain
5 chain 6 monte
6 monte 7 carlo
7 carlo 8 methods
8 methods 9 were
9 were 10 used
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 simulate
11 to 12 simulate
12 simulate 14 distributions
13 posterior 14 distributions

first , we rendered a segmentation algorithm that uses outlier detection based on model checking techniques within a bayesian mixture model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rendered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 3 we
3 we 4 rendered
4 rendered 7 algorithm
4 rendered 12 based
4 rendered 13 on
4 rendered 17 within
5 a 6 segmentation
5 a 7 algorithm
6 segmentation 7 algorithm
7 algorithm 8 that
7 algorithm 9 uses
8 that 9 uses
9 uses 11 detection
10 outlier 11 detection
13 on 16 techniques
14 model 15 checking
15 checking 16 techniques
17 within 21 model
18 a 21 model
19 bayesian 20 mixture
20 mixture 21 model

second , we rendered an analytical tool comprising a bayesian regression model with smoothness priors ( in the form of gaussian markov random fields ) mitigating the necessity to smooth data prior to statistical analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rendered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 3 we
3 we 4 rendered
4 rendered 7 tool
5 an 6 analytical
5 an 7 tool
6 analytical 7 tool
7 tool 8 comprising
8 comprising 12 model
9 a 12 model
10 bayesian 11 regression
11 regression 12 model
12 model 13 with
12 model 26 mitigating
13 with 15 priors
14 smoothness 15 priors
15 priors 17 in
16 ( 17 in
17 in 19 form
17 in 25 )
18 the 19 form
19 form 20 of
20 of 24 fields
21 gaussian 22 markov
22 markov 24 fields
23 random 24 fields
26 mitigating 28 necessity
27 the 28 necessity
28 necessity 29 to
28 necessity 30 smooth
29 to 30 smooth
30 smooth 31 data
30 smooth 33 to
32 prior 33 to
33 to 35 analysis
34 statistical 35 analysis

for validation , we used simulated data and mri data of 27 healthy controls ( age [:] [ formula : see text []] ; range , [[] formula : see text []] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 )(
1 for 2 validation
1 for 3 ,
1 for 4 we
4 we 5 used
5 used 8 and
6 simulated 7 data
7 data 8 and
8 and 10 data
8 and 11 of
8 and 16 age
9 mri 10 data
11 of 14 controls
12 27 14 controls
13 healthy 14 controls
15 ( 16 age
16 age 19 formula
16 age 20 :
18 [ 19 formula
19 formula 20 :
20 : 21 see
20 : 24 ;
21 see 22 text
24 ; 26 ,
25 range 26 ,
26 , 30 see
28 formula 29 :
29 : 30 see
30 see 31 text

we first observed robust segmentation of both simulated t2 - hypointensities and gray - matter regions known to be t2 - hypointense . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 observed
1 we 3 observed
2 first 3 observed
3 observed 5 segmentation
3 observed 8 simulated
4 robust 5 segmentation
5 segmentation 6 of
5 segmentation 8 simulated
6 of 7 both
8 simulated 9 t2
9 t2 12 and
10 - 12 and
11 hypointensities 12 and
12 and 16 regions
12 and 17 known
12 and 22 hypointense
12 and 23 .
13 gray 14 -
13 gray 15 matter
15 matter 16 regions
17 known 18 to
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 t2
21 - 22 hypointense
22 hypointense 23 .

second , simulated data and images of segmented t2 - hypointensity were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 hypointensity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 11 hypointensity
3 simulated 4 data
4 data 5 and
5 and 6 images
5 and 10 -
5 and 11 hypointensity
6 images 7 of
7 of 9 t2
8 segmented 9 t2
11 hypointensity 12 were
12 were 13 analyzed

we found not only robust identification of simulated effects but also a biologically plausible age - related increase [of] t2 [-] hypointensity primarily within the dentate nucleus but also within the globus pallidus , substantia nigra , and red nucleus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 11 also
3 not 4 only
4 only 11 also
5 robust 6 identification
6 identification 7 of
6 identification 11 also
7 of 9 effects
8 simulated 9 effects
10 but 11 also
11 also 15 age
12 a 13 biologically
12 a 15 age
13 biologically 14 plausible
14 plausible 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 22 hypointensity
17 related 23 primarily
18 increase 22 hypointensity
20 t2 22 hypointensity
23 primarily 28 but
24 within 27 nucleus
24 within 28 but
25 the 27 nucleus
26 dentate 27 nucleus
28 but 29 also
28 but 30 within
30 within 38 and
31 the 33 pallidus
32 globus 33 pallidus
33 pallidus 34 ,
34 , 36 nigra
34 , 38 and
35 substantia 36 nigra
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 nucleus
39 red 40 nucleus

our results indicate that fully bayesian inference can successfully be applied for preprocessing and statistical analysis of structural mri data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 5 fully
3 indicate 7 inference
3 indicate 11 applied
4 that 5 fully
6 bayesian 7 inference
7 inference 8 can
8 can 10 be
9 successfully 10 be
10 be 11 applied
11 applied 12 for
12 for 14 and
13 preprocessing 14 and
14 and 16 analysis
14 and 17 of
15 statistical 16 analysis
17 of 20 data
18 structural 20 data
19 mri 20 data

genotyping arrays are a cost effective approach when typing previously - identified genetic polymorphisms in large numbers of samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 arrays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 genotyping 2 arrays
2 arrays 3 are
3 are 7 approach
3 are 8 when
4 a 5 cost
4 a 7 approach
5 cost 7 approach
6 effective 7 approach
8 when 9 typing
9 typing 10 previously
11 - 14 polymorphisms
12 identified 14 polymorphisms
13 genetic 14 polymorphisms
14 polymorphisms 15 in
15 in 19 samples
16 large 17 numbers
17 numbers 18 of
17 numbers 19 samples
18 of 19 samples

combining intensity data from large numbers of samples may increase the ability to accurately call the [genotypes] [of] rare variants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 combining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 combining 3 data
1 combining 4 from
1 combining 9 may
2 intensity 3 data
4 from 6 numbers
5 large 6 numbers
6 numbers 7 of
7 of 8 samples
9 may 10 increase
10 increase 12 ability
11 the 12 ability
12 ability 13 to
12 ability 15 call
13 to 15 call
14 accurately 15 call
15 call 20 variants
16 the 20 variants
19 rare 20 variants

approximately 62,000 ethnically diverse samples from eleven cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology ( charge ) consortium cohorts were genotyped with the illumina humanexome beadchip across seven genotyping centers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 genotyped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 approximately 5 samples
2 62,000 5 samples
3 ethnically 4 diverse
4 diverse 5 samples
5 samples 6 from
5 samples 22 were
6 from 11 and
7 eleven 8 cohorts
8 cohorts 9 for
8 cohorts 11 and
9 for 10 heart
11 and 21 cohorts
12 aging 13 research
13 research 14 in
13 research 16 epidemiology
14 in 15 genomic
16 epidemiology 18 charge
17 ( 18 charge
18 charge 19 )
18 charge 21 cohorts
20 consortium 21 cohorts
22 were 23 genotyped
23 genotyped 24 with
24 with 28 beadchip
24 with 29 across
25 the 28 beadchip
26 illumina 27 humanexome
27 humanexome 28 beadchip
29 across 30 seven
30 seven 31 genotyping
31 genotyping 32 centers

the raw data files for the samples were assembled into a single project for joint calling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 files
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assembled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 4 files
2 raw 3 data
3 data 4 files
4 files 5 for
4 files 8 were
5 for 7 samples
6 the 7 samples
8 were 9 assembled
9 assembled 10 into
10 into 13 project
11 a 12 single
11 a 13 project
12 single 13 project
13 project 14 for
14 for 16 calling
15 joint 16 calling

to assess the quality of the joint calling , concordance [of] genotypes in a subset of individuals having both exome [chip] and exome sequence data was analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 concordance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 genotypes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 assess
1 to 9 ,
1 to 10 concordance
2 assess 4 quality
3 the 4 quality
4 quality 5 of
5 of 8 calling
6 the 8 calling
7 joint 8 calling
10 concordance 12 genotypes
12 genotypes 13 in
12 genotypes 20 exome
13 in 15 subset
14 a 15 subset
15 subset 16 of
15 subset 18 having
16 of 17 individuals
18 having 19 both
22 and 25 data
22 and 27 analyzed
23 exome 25 data
24 sequence 25 data
25 data 26 was
26 was 27 analyzed

after exclusion of low performing snps on the exome chip and [non] - overlap of snps derived from sequence data , genotypes [of] 185,119 variants ( 11,356 [were] monomorphic ) [were] [compared] in 530 individuals that had whole exome sequence data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 chip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 after 2 exclusion
1 after 10 chip
2 exclusion 3 of
2 exclusion 5 performing
3 of 4 low
5 performing 6 snps
5 performing 7 on
7 on 9 exome
8 the 9 exome
11 and 13 -
11 and 21 ,
13 - 14 overlap
14 overlap 15 of
14 overlap 21 ,
15 of 16 snps
17 derived 18 from
17 derived 21 ,
18 from 20 data
19 sequence 20 data
21 , 22 genotypes
22 genotypes 25 variants
24 185,119 25 variants
25 variants 35 individuals
26 ( 35 individuals
27 11,356 33 in
29 monomorphic 30 )
29 monomorphic 33 in
33 in 35 individuals
34 530 35 individuals
35 individuals 36 that
35 individuals 37 had
35 individuals 42 .
36 that 37 had
37 had 41 data
38 whole 41 data
39 exome 40 sequence
40 sequence 41 data

a total of 98,113,070 pairs [of] [genotypes] were tested [and] 99.77 % were concordant , 0.14 % had missing data , and 0.09 % were discordant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 9 tested
3 of 4 98,113,070
4 98,113,070 5 pairs
4 98,113,070 8 were
5 pairs 8 were
9 tested 12 %
9 tested 13 were
11 99.77 12 %
12 % 13 were
13 were 14 concordant
15 , 17 %
15 , 18 had
15 , 22 and
16 0.14 17 %
17 % 18 had
18 had 20 data
19 missing 20 data
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 %
22 and 25 were
23 0.09 24 %
24 % 25 were
25 were 26 discordant

we report that joint calling allows the ability to accurately genotype rare variation using array technology when large sample sizes are available and best practices are followed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
1 we 2 report
2 report 4 joint
2 report 6 allows
3 that 4 joint
4 joint 5 calling
4 joint 6 allows
6 allows 8 ability
6 allows 9 to
6 allows 14 using
7 the 8 ability
9 to 11 genotype
10 accurately 11 genotype
11 genotype 13 variation
12 rare 13 variation
14 using 16 technology
15 array 16 technology
16 technology 17 when
16 technology 27 followed
17 when 20 sizes
17 when 27 followed
18 large 19 sample
19 sample 20 sizes
20 sizes 21 are
21 are 23 and
22 available 23 and
23 and 24 best
25 practices 26 are
26 are 27 followed
27 followed 28 .

the cluster file from this experiment is available at www.chargeconsortium.com/main/exomechip . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 file
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 file
2 cluster 3 file
3 file 4 from
3 file 7 is
4 from 6 experiment
5 this 6 experiment
7 is 8 available
8 available 9 at
9 at 10 www.chargeconsortium.com/main/exomechip

adult skin stem cells are considered an attractive cell resource for therapeutic potential in aged skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 adult 2 skin
2 skin 3 stem
3 stem 4 cells
4 cells 5 are
5 are 6 considered
6 considered 10 resource
6 considered 14 in
7 an 8 attractive
7 an 10 resource
8 attractive 9 cell
9 cell 10 resource
10 resource 11 for
11 for 13 potential
12 therapeutic 13 potential
14 in 16 skin
15 aged 16 skin

we previously reported that multipotent human dermal stem/progenitor cells ( hdspcs ) can be enriched from ( normal human dermal fibroblasts ( nhdfs ) using collagen type iv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 3 reported
2 previously 3 reported
3 reported 8 stem/progenitor
3 reported 25 using
4 that 8 stem/progenitor
5 multipotent 8 stem/progenitor
6 human 8 stem/progenitor
7 dermal 8 stem/progenitor
8 stem/progenitor 9 cells
8 stem/progenitor 16 from
8 stem/progenitor 21 fibroblasts
9 cells 11 hdspcs
9 cells 13 can
10 ( 11 hdspcs
11 hdspcs 12 )
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 enriched
15 enriched 16 from
17 ( 21 fibroblasts
18 normal 21 fibroblasts
19 human 21 fibroblasts
20 dermal 21 fibroblasts
21 fibroblasts 23 nhdfs
21 fibroblasts 24 )
22 ( 23 nhdfs
23 nhdfs 24 )
25 using 28 iv
26 collagen 27 type
27 type 28 iv

however , the beneficial effects of hdspcs on aged skin remain to be elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 effects
3 the 5 effects
4 beneficial 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 11 remain
6 of 7 hdspcs
7 hdspcs 8 on
8 on 10 skin
9 aged 10 skin
11 remain 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 elucidated

in the present study , we analyzed the growth factors secreted from hdspcs in conditioned medium ( cm ) derived from hdspcs ( hdspc - cm ) and found that hdspcs secreted higher levels of bfgf , igfbp - 1 , igfbp - 2 , hgf , vegf and igf - 1 compared with [non] - hdspcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyzed
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 9 growth
8 the 9 growth
9 growth 10 factors
9 growth 11 secreted
10 factors 11 secreted
11 secreted 12 from
11 secreted 21 from
12 from 13 hdspcs
13 hdspcs 14 in
13 hdspcs 20 derived
14 in 16 medium
15 conditioned 16 medium
16 medium 18 cm
17 ( 18 cm
18 cm 19 )
21 from 28 and
22 hdspcs 25 -
22 hdspcs 28 and
23 ( 25 -
24 hdspc 25 -
25 - 26 cm
25 - 27 )
28 and 29 found
28 and 33 higher
28 and 34 levels
29 found 30 that
29 found 31 hdspcs
31 hdspcs 32 secreted
34 levels 35 of
35 of 46 hgf
36 bfgf 38 igfbp
36 bfgf 43 -
36 bfgf 46 hgf
37 , 38 igfbp
38 igfbp 40 1
38 igfbp 43 -
39 - 40 1
40 1 42 igfbp
40 1 43 -
41 , 42 igfbp
42 igfbp 43 -
44 2 46 hgf
45 , 46 hgf
46 hgf 49 and
47 , 49 and
48 vegf 49 and
49 and 50 igf
49 and 51 -
49 and 52 1
49 and 54 with
49 and 57 hdspcs
49 and 58 .
52 1 53 compared
53 compared 54 with
56 - 57 hdspcs
57 hdspcs 58 .

we then investigated whether hdspc - cm has an effect on [ultraviolet] a ( uva ) - irradiated nhdfs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 we 3 investigated
2 then 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
4 whether 7 cm
4 whether 8 has
5 hdspc 6 -
5 hdspc 7 cm
7 cm 8 has
8 has 10 effect
9 an 10 effect
10 effect 11 on
10 effect 15 uva
11 on 13 a
14 ( 15 uva
15 uva 16 )
17 - 19 nhdfs
17 - 20 .
18 irradiated 19 nhdfs

real - time rt - pcr analysis revealed that the treatment of uva - irradiated nhdfs with hdspc - cm significantly antagonized the uva - induced up - regulation of the mmp1 and the uva - induced down - regulation of the collagen types i , iv and v and timp1 mrna expressions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 real 2 -
1 real 7 analysis
3 time 7 analysis
4 rt 6 pcr
5 - 6 pcr
6 pcr 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 revealed
8 revealed 9 that
9 that 11 treatment
9 that 44 types
10 the 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 of
11 treatment 20 cm
11 treatment 22 antagonized
11 treatment 44 types
12 of 13 uva
13 uva 16 nhdfs
14 - 16 nhdfs
15 irradiated 16 nhdfs
16 nhdfs 17 with
16 nhdfs 19 -
17 with 18 hdspc
20 cm 22 antagonized
21 significantly 22 antagonized
22 antagonized 33 and
23 the 29 regulation
24 uva 26 induced
24 uva 29 regulation
25 - 26 induced
26 induced 27 up
26 induced 28 -
29 regulation 30 of
29 regulation 33 and
30 of 32 mmp1
31 the 32 mmp1
33 and 40 regulation
34 the 40 regulation
35 uva 37 induced
35 uva 40 regulation
36 - 37 induced
37 induced 38 down
37 induced 39 -
40 regulation 41 of
41 of 43 collagen
42 the 43 collagen
44 types 50 and
45 i 46 ,
46 , 47 iv
46 , 48 and
48 and 49 v
48 and 50 and
50 and 53 expressions
51 timp1 52 mrna
52 mrna 53 expressions

furthermore , a scratch wound healing assay showed that hdspc - cm enhanced the migratory properties of uva - irradiated nhdfs . hdspc - cm also significantly reduced the number of the early and late apoptotic cell population in uva - irradiated nhdfs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 assay
3 a 7 assay
4 scratch 5 wound
5 wound 7 assay
6 healing 7 assay
7 assay 8 showed
8 showed 9 that
8 showed 12 cm
8 showed 13 enhanced
10 hdspc 11 -
10 hdspc 12 cm
12 cm 13 enhanced
13 enhanced 16 properties
14 the 16 properties
15 migratory 16 properties
16 properties 17 of
17 of 18 uva
19 - 21 nhdfs
20 irradiated 21 nhdfs
22 . 25 cm
22 . 28 reduced
22 . 41 -
23 hdspc 24 -
23 hdspc 25 cm
25 cm 28 reduced
26 also 28 reduced
27 significantly 28 reduced
28 reduced 34 and
28 reduced 39 in
29 the 34 and
30 number 31 of
30 number 34 and
31 of 33 early
32 the 33 early
34 and 38 population
35 late 37 cell
36 apoptotic 37 cell
37 cell 38 population
39 in 40 uva
41 - 43 nhdfs
41 - 44 .
42 irradiated 43 nhdfs

taken together , these data suggest that hdspc - cm can exert some beneficial effects on aged skin and may be used as a therapeutic agent to improve skin regeneration and wound healing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 hdspc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 data
4 these 5 data
5 data 6 suggest
6 suggest 7 that
6 suggest 8 hdspc
9 - 31 and
10 cm 19 and
10 cm 31 and
11 can 12 exert
11 can 19 and
12 exert 15 effects
12 exert 16 on
13 some 15 effects
14 beneficial 15 effects
16 on 18 skin
17 aged 18 skin
19 and 20 may
20 may 21 be
21 be 22 used
22 used 23 as
22 used 27 to
23 as 26 agent
24 a 26 agent
25 therapeutic 26 agent
27 to 28 improve
28 improve 30 regeneration
29 skin 30 regeneration
31 and 32 wound
31 and 33 healing

background : pulmonary embolism ( pe ) can be an acute , life - threatening emergency , and studies suggest that advanced age is a risk factor for this condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 pulmonary
3 pulmonary 4 embolism
3 pulmonary 9 be
4 embolism 6 pe
4 embolism 8 can
5 ( 6 pe
6 pe 7 )
8 can 9 be
9 be 13 life
10 an 11 acute
10 an 13 life
11 acute 12 ,
11 acute 13 life
14 - 15 threatening
14 - 24 is
15 threatening 18 and
15 threatening 20 suggest
15 threatening 24 is
16 emergency 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 studies
18 and 20 suggest
20 suggest 21 that
20 suggest 22 advanced
21 that 22 advanced
22 advanced 23 age
24 is 27 factor
25 a 27 factor
26 risk 27 factor
27 factor 28 for
28 for 30 condition
29 this 30 condition

however , the literature is [scarce] regarding pe in patients above the age of 90 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 literature
3 the 4 literature
4 literature 5 is
5 is 7 regarding
7 regarding 8 pe
7 regarding 9 in
7 regarding 11 above
9 in 10 patients
11 above 13 age
12 the 13 age
13 age 14 of
14 of 16 years
15 90 16 years

this study examined the relative risk for pe in the very elderly ( >90 years ) compared with that in the elderly ( 80 - 89 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 6 risk
4 the 6 risk
5 relative 6 risk
6 risk 7 for
6 risk 17 compared
7 for 8 pe
8 pe 9 in
8 pe 15 years
9 in 12 elderly
10 the 11 very
10 the 12 elderly
13 ( 15 years
14 >90 15 years
15 years 16 )
17 compared 18 with
17 compared 20 in
17 compared 25 -
18 with 19 that
20 in 22 elderly
21 the 22 elderly
23 ( 25 -
24 80 25 -
25 - 27 years
25 - 28 )
26 89 27 years

methods : a retrospective study was performed examining very elderly patients diagnosed with pe in the department of internal medicine at the university hospital homburg/saar in germany between 2004 and 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 was
2 : 32 .
3 a 5 study
4 retrospective 5 study
5 study 6 was
6 was 8 examining
6 was 15 in
6 was 26 in
7 performed 8 examining
8 examining 11 patients
8 examining 12 diagnosed
9 very 10 elderly
10 elderly 11 patients
11 patients 12 diagnosed
12 diagnosed 13 with
13 with 14 pe
15 in 17 department
16 the 17 department
17 department 18 of
18 of 20 medicine
19 internal 20 medicine
20 medicine 21 at
21 at 25 homburg/saar
22 the 25 homburg/saar
23 university 24 hospital
24 hospital 25 homburg/saar
26 in 27 germany
27 germany 28 between
28 between 30 and
29 2004 30 and
30 and 31 2012

elderly patients ( aged 80 - 89 years ) diagnosed with pe served as controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 served
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 elderly 2 patients
1 elderly 10 diagnosed
1 elderly 13 served
2 patients 4 aged
2 patients 8 years
2 patients 10 diagnosed
3 ( 4 aged
4 aged 5 80
4 aged 6 -
6 - 8 years
7 89 8 years
8 years 9 )
10 diagnosed 11 with
11 with 12 pe
13 served 14 as
14 as 15 controls

pe was confirmed by contrast - enhanced chest computed tomography or ventilation perfusion scintigraphy in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 pe 2 was
2 was 3 confirmed
3 confirmed 4 by
4 by 5 contrast
6 - 11 or
6 - 14 scintigraphy
6 - 18 .
7 enhanced 10 tomography
8 chest 9 computed
9 computed 10 tomography
10 tomography 11 or
11 or 13 perfusion
11 or 14 scintigraphy
12 ventilation 13 perfusion
14 scintigraphy 15 in
15 in 17 groups
16 both 17 groups

a total of 2230 patients were examined for pe in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 were
3 of 5 patients
4 2230 5 patients
6 were 7 examined
7 examined 8 for
7 examined 10 in
8 for 9 pe
10 in 12 study
11 this 12 study

of these [,] 15 ( 0.67 % [ )(in the study group and 197 ( 8.83 % ) [in] the control group underwent further [evaluation] for pe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 of 4 15
1 of 22 group
2 these 4 15
4 15 13 and
5 ( 13 and
6 0.67 7 %
6 0.67 13 and
7 % 9 )(in
7 % 12 group
9 )(in 11 study
10 the 11 study
13 and 14 197
13 and 17 %
13 and 18 )
15 ( 17 %
16 8.83 17 %
17 % 18 )
20 the 22 group
21 control 22 group
22 group 23 underwent
23 underwent 24 further
23 underwent 26 for
26 for 27 pe

there was a significantly lower proportion of the very elderly enrolled in the study ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 6 proportion
3 a 6 proportion
4 significantly 5 lower
5 lower 6 proportion
6 proportion 7 of
6 proportion 11 enrolled
7 of 10 elderly
8 the 9 very
8 the 10 elderly
11 enrolled 12 in
12 in 14 study
13 the 14 study
14 study 17 <
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.001
17 < 19 )

there were no significant differences in clinical presentation , cardiovascular risk factors , electrocardiograms , blood gas analyses , radiological diagnoses , or acute comorbidities between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
6 in 8 presentation
7 clinical 8 presentation
9 , 23 or
10 cardiovascular 12 factors
11 risk 12 factors
12 factors 13 ,
13 , 14 electrocardiograms
13 , 15 ,
15 , 18 analyses
15 , 19 ,
16 blood 17 gas
17 gas 18 analyses
19 , 21 diagnoses
19 , 23 or
20 radiological 21 diagnoses
22 , 23 or
23 or 25 comorbidities
23 or 26 between
24 acute 25 comorbidities
26 between 28 groups
27 the 28 groups

however , the very elderly were more likely to experience minor bleeding in the extremities ( p = 0.016 ) [and] to have more chronic diseases ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 elderly
3 the 4 very
3 the 5 elderly
5 elderly 6 were
6 were 8 likely
7 more 8 likely
8 likely 9 to
8 likely 22 to
8 likely 23 have
9 to 10 experience
10 experience 12 bleeding
10 experience 13 in
11 minor 12 bleeding
13 in 15 extremities
14 the 15 extremities
15 extremities 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.016
18 = 20 )
22 to 23 have
23 have 26 diseases
24 more 25 chronic
25 chronic 26 diseases
26 diseases 29 <
27 ( 29 <
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.001
29 < 31 )

an increased relative risk of pe was not detected in the very elderly [(] relative risk 0.98 , p = 0.88 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 an 4 risk
2 increased 4 risk
3 relative 4 risk
4 risk 5 of
4 risk 7 was
5 of 6 pe
7 was 8 not
7 was 10 in
8 not 9 detected
10 in 16 risk
11 the 16 risk
12 very 13 elderly
13 elderly 16 risk
15 relative 16 risk
16 risk 20 =
17 0.98 20 =
18 , 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.88
20 = 22 )

furthermore , [d] - dimer , troponin t , and high - sensitive troponin t levels had limited predictive value for pe in the very elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 limited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 10 and
4 - 5 dimer
5 dimer 6 ,
5 dimer 10 and
7 troponin 8 t
7 troponin 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 16 levels
10 and 17 had
11 high 12 -
11 high 14 troponin
13 sensitive 14 troponin
14 troponin 15 t
14 troponin 16 levels
17 had 18 limited
18 limited 20 value
18 limited 23 in
19 predictive 20 value
20 value 21 for
21 for 22 pe
23 in 26 elderly
24 the 25 very
24 the 26 elderly

there were no significant differences in the number of hospital admissions , intensive care or ward treatments , or duration of hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 21 of
6 in 19 or
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 12 ,
9 of 11 admissions
10 hospital 11 admissions
12 , 14 care
12 , 15 or
13 intensive 14 care
15 or 17 treatments
15 or 19 or
16 ward 17 treatments
18 , 19 or
19 or 20 duration
21 of 22 hospitalization

conclusion : the relative risk for pe in the very elderly is not higher than that in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 risk
2 : 12 is
2 : 20 .
3 the 5 risk
4 relative 5 risk
5 risk 6 for
5 risk 12 is
6 for 7 pe
7 pe 8 in
8 in 11 elderly
9 the 10 very
9 the 11 elderly
12 is 13 not
12 is 14 higher
14 higher 15 than
14 higher 17 in
15 than 16 that
17 in 19 elderly
18 the 19 elderly

introduction : studies on the associations between cognitive abilities and life satisfaction ( ls ) in the oldest - old are few . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 studies
2 : 21 are
3 studies 4 on
3 studies 21 are
4 on 6 associations
5 the 6 associations
6 associations 7 between
6 associations 16 in
7 between 10 and
8 cognitive 9 abilities
9 abilities 10 and
10 and 12 satisfaction
10 and 14 ls
11 life 12 satisfaction
13 ( 14 ls
14 ls 15 )
16 in 20 old
17 the 18 oldest
17 the 20 old
18 oldest 19 -
21 are 22 few

the aim of this study was to explore whether abilities in six different cognitive domains could predict ls in the oldest - old 3 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 explore
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 9 whether
8 explore 19 in
9 whether 10 abilities
9 whether 17 predict
10 abilities 11 in
10 abilities 16 could
11 in 15 domains
12 six 15 domains
13 different 15 domains
14 cognitive 15 domains
16 could 17 predict
17 predict 18 ls
19 in 23 old
20 the 21 oldest
20 the 23 old
21 oldest 22 -
23 old 26 later
24 3 25 years
25 years 26 later

methods : the study population consisted of 681 individuals aged 78 - 98 years , drawn from the longitudinal population study " good aging in skåne , " which is part of a national survey ( the swedish national study on aging and care ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 5 population
2 : 6 consisted
2 : 12 -
2 : 27 ,
3 the 5 population
4 study 5 population
5 population 6 consisted
6 consisted 7 of
7 of 9 individuals
8 681 9 individuals
9 individuals 10 aged
10 aged 11 78
12 - 14 years
13 98 14 years
14 years 16 drawn
15 , 16 drawn
16 drawn 17 from
16 drawn 25 in
16 drawn 27 ,
17 from 24 aging
18 the 21 study
19 longitudinal 20 population
20 population 21 study
21 study 22 "
21 study 24 aging
23 good 24 aging
25 in 26 skåne
27 , 28 "
27 , 29 which
27 , 30 is
29 which 30 is
30 is 31 part
31 part 32 of
32 of 35 survey
33 a 35 survey
34 national 35 survey
35 survey 40 study
36 ( 40 study
37 the 38 swedish
38 swedish 40 study
39 national 40 study
40 study 41 on
40 study 45 )
41 on 43 and
42 aging 43 and
43 and 44 care

scores on 13 cognitive tests were related to scores on neugartens ' ls index a ( lsi - a ) 3 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 scores 2 on
1 scores 6 were
2 on 5 tests
3 13 5 tests
4 cognitive 5 tests
6 were 7 related
7 related 8 to
7 related 10 on
7 related 23 later
8 to 9 scores
10 on 14 index
11 neugartens 12 '
12 ' 14 index
13 ls 14 index
14 index 15 a
14 index 18 -
16 ( 18 -
17 lsi 18 -
18 - 19 a
18 - 20 )
21 3 22 years
22 years 23 later

the cognitive tests were added into six different cognitive domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 added
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 tests
2 cognitive 3 tests
3 tests 4 were
4 were 5 added
5 added 6 into
6 into 10 domains
7 six 10 domains
8 different 10 domains
9 cognitive 10 domains

a multiple regression analysis was constructed for each cognitive domain separately , with scores on the lsi - [a] as the dependent variable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 multiple
1 a 4 analysis
2 multiple 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 constructed
6 constructed 7 for
6 constructed 11 separately
6 constructed 13 with
6 constructed 20 as
7 for 10 domain
8 each 10 domain
9 cognitive 10 domain
12 , 13 with
13 with 14 scores
13 with 15 on
13 with 18 -
15 on 17 lsi
16 the 17 lsi
20 as 23 variable
21 the 23 variable
22 dependent 23 variable

the model was adjusted stepwise for sex , age , education , functional capacity , and depressive mood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 model
2 model 3 was
3 was 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 5 stepwise
5 stepwise 6 for
6 for 16 and
7 sex 8 ,
8 , 9 age
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 education
10 , 12 ,
12 , 14 capacity
12 , 16 and
13 functional 14 capacity
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 mood
17 depressive 18 mood

results : significant correlations were found between digit cancellation , word recall , verbal fluency ( vf [ )(a , vf animals , vf occupations , and mental rotations at baseline , as well as lsi - a [at] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 significant
3 significant 4 correlations
3 significant 6 found
4 correlations 5 were
5 were 6 found
6 found 7 between
7 between 9 cancellation
8 digit 9 cancellation
10 , 11 word
10 , 20 ,
11 word 12 recall
12 recall 15 fluency
13 , 15 fluency
14 verbal 15 fluency
15 fluency 17 vf
15 fluency 20 ,
16 ( 17 vf
17 vf 19 )(a
17 vf 20 ,
20 , 22 animals
20 , 23 ,
21 vf 22 animals
23 , 25 occupations
23 , 26 ,
24 vf 25 occupations
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 rotations
28 mental 29 rotations
29 rotations 30 at
29 rotations 40 follow
30 at 31 baseline
31 baseline 37 -
32 , 37 -
33 as 34 well
33 as 37 -
34 well 35 as
34 well 37 -
35 as 36 lsi
37 - 38 a
40 follow 42 up
41 - 42 up
42 up 43 .

the domains of spatial abilities ( b = 0.453 , p = 0.014 ) and processing speed ( b = 0.118 , p = 0.020 ) remained significantly associated with lsi [-] a 3 years later after adjustment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 domains
2 domains 3 of
2 domains 15 and
3 of 5 abilities
4 spatial 5 abilities
5 abilities 8 =
5 abilities 12 =
6 ( 8 =
7 b 8 =
8 = 9 0.453
8 = 10 ,
10 , 12 =
11 p 12 =
12 = 13 0.014
12 = 14 )
15 and 17 speed
15 and 20 =
15 and 24 =
15 and 27 remained
16 processing 17 speed
18 ( 20 =
19 b 20 =
20 = 21 0.118
20 = 22 ,
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.020
24 = 26 )
27 remained 29 associated
27 remained 30 with
28 significantly 29 associated
30 with 31 lsi
30 with 37 after
31 lsi 33 a
31 lsi 36 later
34 3 35 years
35 years 36 later
37 after 38 adjustment

conclusion : the cognitive domains of spatial abilities and processing speed predicted ls 3 years later in the oldest - old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 domains
3 the 5 domains
4 cognitive 5 domains
5 domains 6 of
6 of 8 abilities
7 spatial 8 abilities
9 and 10 processing
9 and 12 predicted
10 processing 11 speed
10 processing 12 predicted
12 predicted 13 ls
12 predicted 17 in
13 ls 16 later
14 3 15 years
15 years 16 later
17 in 21 old
18 the 19 oldest
18 the 21 old
19 oldest 20 -

clinical implications are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 clinical 2 implications
2 implications 3 are
3 are 4 discussed

as the population ages , increasing attention has become focused on the prevalence of anemia in elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 as 3 population
1 as 4 ages
1 as 5 ,
1 as 6 increasing
2 the 3 population
3 population 4 ages
6 increasing 7 attention
6 increasing 8 has
8 has 9 become
9 become 10 focused
10 focused 11 on
10 focused 16 in
11 on 13 prevalence
12 the 13 prevalence
13 prevalence 14 of
14 of 15 anemia
16 in 18 individuals
17 elderly 18 individuals

anemia occurs in more than 10 % of individuals who are older than the age of 65 years , and it increases to more than 50 % in individuals who are older than the age of 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 anemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 anemia 2 occurs
2 occurs 3 in
2 occurs 5 than
3 in 4 more
5 than 7 %
5 than 22 increases
6 10 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 10 who
7 % 11 are
7 % 22 increases
8 of 9 individuals
10 who 11 are
11 are 12 older
12 older 13 than
13 than 15 age
13 than 16 of
14 the 15 age
16 of 20 and
17 65 18 years
18 years 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 it
22 increases 23 to
23 to 27 %
24 more 25 than
25 than 26 50
26 50 27 %
27 % 28 in
27 % 30 who
27 % 31 are
28 in 29 individuals
30 who 31 are
31 are 32 older
32 older 33 than
33 than 35 age
33 than 36 of
34 the 35 age
36 of 38 years
37 80 38 years

although the anemia is typically mild and unlikely to result in symptoms , it is uniformly associated with increased morbidity and mortality as assessed in large cohort studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 although 3 anemia
1 although 4 is
1 although 13 ,
1 although 14 it
2 the 3 anemia
3 anemia 4 is
4 is 5 typically
4 is 7 and
6 mild 7 and
7 and 8 unlikely
8 unlikely 9 to
8 unlikely 10 result
9 to 10 result
10 result 11 in
11 in 12 symptoms
14 it 15 is
15 is 16 uniformly
15 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 25 in
18 with 21 and
19 increased 20 morbidity
20 morbidity 21 and
21 and 22 mortality
21 and 24 assessed
23 as 24 assessed
25 in 28 studies
26 large 27 cohort
27 cohort 28 studies

anemia is an independent predictor of these adverse outcomes both in healthy [community] - dwelling subjects and in patients with significant co - morbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 anemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 anemia 2 is
2 is 5 predictor
2 is 10 both
3 an 4 independent
3 an 5 predictor
4 independent 5 predictor
5 predictor 6 of
6 of 9 outcomes
7 these 9 outcomes
8 adverse 9 outcomes
10 both 17 and
11 in 16 subjects
11 in 17 and
12 healthy 14 -
12 healthy 15 dwelling
15 dwelling 16 subjects
17 and 18 in
18 in 19 patients
19 patients 20 with
20 with 24 morbidities
21 significant 24 morbidities
22 co 23 -
22 co 24 morbidities

efforts to understand the pathophysiology of anemia in this population , especially the [one] third of patients with " unexplained " anemia , have focused on the potential contributions of inflammatory pathways , erythropoietin resistance , and changes in hematopoietic stem cells to the age - dependent decrease [in] red cell mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 anemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
1 efforts 2 to
1 efforts 6 of
1 efforts 7 anemia
2 to 3 understand
3 understand 5 pathophysiology
4 the 5 pathophysiology
5 pathophysiology 6 of
7 anemia 8 in
8 in 10 population
9 this 10 population
10 population 15 third
11 , 12 especially
11 , 15 third
13 the 15 third
15 third 16 of
15 third 23 ,
16 of 17 patients
17 patients 18 with
18 with 19 "
18 with 22 anemia
20 unexplained 21 "
20 unexplained 22 anemia
23 , 24 have
23 , 46 -
24 have 25 focused
25 focused 26 on
26 on 29 contributions
27 the 29 contributions
28 potential 29 contributions
29 contributions 30 of
30 of 37 and
31 inflammatory 32 pathways
32 pathways 33 ,
33 , 35 resistance
33 , 37 and
34 erythropoietin 35 resistance
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 changes
37 and 46 -
38 changes 39 in
39 in 42 cells
40 hematopoietic 42 cells
41 stem 42 cells
42 cells 43 to
43 to 45 age
44 the 45 age
46 - 52 mass
46 - 53 .
47 dependent 48 decrease
48 decrease 52 mass
50 red 52 mass
51 cell 52 mass

we would argue that these pathways are closely interrelated and combine to lead to anemia in aging individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 10 and
2 would 3 argue
2 would 10 and
3 argue 4 that
4 that 6 pathways
4 that 9 interrelated
5 these 6 pathways
6 pathways 7 are
7 are 9 interrelated
8 closely 9 interrelated
10 and 11 combine
11 combine 12 to
11 combine 16 in
12 to 13 lead
13 lead 14 to
14 to 15 anemia
16 in 17 aging
17 aging 18 individuals

this brief review summarizes the current understanding of this entity and our studies aimed at further delineating its pathophysiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 3 review
2 brief 3 review
3 review 4 summarizes
4 summarizes 7 understanding
4 summarizes 15 at
5 the 7 understanding
6 current 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 11 and
9 this 10 entity
10 entity 11 and
11 and 13 studies
11 and 14 aimed
12 our 13 studies
15 at 17 delineating
16 further 17 delineating
17 delineating 19 pathophysiology
18 its 19 pathophysiology

objective : we conducted a clinicopathologic study in a large population with very low levels of education to determine whether very few years [of] education could contribute to cognitive reserve and modify the relation of neuropathologic indices to dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 31 and
3 we 31 and
4 conducted 7 study
4 conducted 18 to
4 conducted 31 and
5 a 7 study
6 clinicopathologic 7 study
7 study 8 in
7 study 12 with
8 in 11 population
9 a 11 population
10 large 11 population
12 with 15 levels
13 very 14 low
14 low 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 17 education
18 to 19 determine
19 determine 20 whether
19 determine 28 to
20 whether 23 years
20 whether 27 contribute
21 very 22 few
22 few 23 years
23 years 25 education
23 years 26 could
23 years 27 contribute
25 education 26 could
28 to 30 reserve
29 cognitive 30 reserve
31 and 32 modify
32 modify 34 relation
32 modify 38 to
33 the 34 relation
34 relation 35 of
35 of 37 indices
36 neuropathologic 37 indices
38 to 39 dementia

methods : in this cross - sectional study , we included 675 individuals 50 years of age or older from the brazilian aging brain study group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 cross
4 this 5 cross
5 cross 8 study
6 - 8 study
7 sectional 8 study
8 study 9 ,
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 included
10 we 11 included
11 included 13 individuals
12 675 13 individuals
13 individuals 18 or
14 50 15 years
15 years 16 of
15 years 18 or
16 of 17 age
18 or 19 older
18 or 20 from
20 from 26 group
21 the 22 brazilian
22 brazilian 26 group
23 aging 24 brain
24 brain 25 study
25 study 26 group

cognitive abilities were evaluated through a structured interview with an informant at the time [of] autopsy , including the clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
1 cognitive 2 abilities
2 abilities 3 were
3 were 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 through
4 evaluated 9 with
4 evaluated 12 at
5 through 8 interview
6 a 8 interview
7 structured 8 interview
9 with 11 informant
10 an 11 informant
12 at 16 autopsy
13 the 16 autopsy
14 time 16 autopsy
16 autopsy 18 including
17 , 18 including
18 including 26 scale
18 including 27 .
19 the 26 scale
20 clinical 21 dementia
21 dementia 22 rating
22 rating 24 cdr
23 ( 24 cdr
24 cdr 25 )
24 cdr 26 scale

neuropathologic examinations were performed using immunohistochemistry and following internationally accepted criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examinations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 accepted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 neuropathologic 2 examinations
2 examinations 7 and
2 examinations 10 accepted
3 were 4 performed
3 were 7 and
4 performed 5 using
5 using 6 immunohistochemistry
7 and 8 following
7 and 9 internationally
10 accepted 11 criteria

multivariate linear regression models were conducted to determine whether the association between cognitive abilities ( measured by cdr [sum] of boxes ) and years [of] education was independent of sociodemographic variables and neuropathologic indices , including neuritic plaques , neurofibrillary tangles , lacunar infarctions , small - vessel disease , and lewy bodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 multivariate 4 models
1 multivariate 5 were
1 multivariate 6 conducted
2 linear 4 models
3 regression 4 models
4 models 5 were
6 conducted 7 to
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 whether
9 whether 26 education
9 whether 27 was
10 the 11 association
11 association 12 between
11 association 23 and
12 between 14 abilities
13 cognitive 14 abilities
14 abilities 16 measured
15 ( 16 measured
16 measured 17 by
16 measured 22 )
17 by 18 cdr
18 cdr 20 of
20 of 21 boxes
23 and 24 years
23 and 26 education
26 education 27 was
27 was 53 bodies
28 independent 29 of
28 independent 32 and
29 of 31 variables
30 sociodemographic 31 variables
32 and 34 indices
32 and 36 including
32 and 51 and
33 neuropathologic 34 indices
35 , 36 including
36 including 38 plaques
36 including 50 ,
37 neuritic 38 plaques
38 plaques 41 tangles
38 plaques 49 disease
39 , 41 tangles
40 neurofibrillary 41 tangles
41 tangles 44 infarctions
41 tangles 45 ,
42 , 44 infarctions
43 lacunar 44 infarctions
44 infarctions 45 ,
45 , 49 disease
46 small 47 -
46 small 49 disease
48 vessel 49 disease
49 disease 50 ,
51 and 52 lewy
51 and 53 bodies

in addition , interaction models were used to examine whether education modified the relation between neuropathologic indices and cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 models
4 interaction 5 models
5 models 6 were
6 were 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 10 whether
10 whether 11 education
10 whether 12 modified
11 education 12 modified
12 modified 14 relation
12 modified 15 between
13 the 14 relation
15 between 18 and
16 neuropathologic 17 indices
17 indices 18 and
18 and 19 cognition

results : mean education was 3.9 ± 3.5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mean
3 mean 4 education
3 mean 5 was
4 education 5 was
5 was 9 years
6 3.9 9 years
7 ± 9 years
8 3.5 9 years

formal education was associated with a lower cdr sum of boxes ( β [=] - 0.197 ; 95 % confidence interval - 0.343 , - 0.052 [;] p = 0.008 ) , after adjustment for sociodemographic variables and neuropathologic indices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 formal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
1 formal 2 education
1 formal 3 was
1 formal 4 associated
2 education 3 was
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 15 -
5 with 9 sum
6 a 9 sum
7 lower 9 sum
8 cdr 9 sum
9 sum 10 of
10 of 11 boxes
12 ( 15 -
13 β 15 -
15 - 16 0.197
15 - 17 ;
17 ; 21 interval
17 ; 22 -
18 95 19 %
19 % 20 confidence
20 confidence 21 interval
22 - 23 0.343
23 0.343 26 0.052
23 0.343 33 after
24 , 26 0.052
25 - 26 0.052
26 0.052 29 =
26 0.052 32 ,
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.008
29 = 31 )
32 , 33 after
33 after 38 and
33 after 41 .
34 adjustment 35 for
34 adjustment 38 and
35 for 37 variables
36 sociodemographic 37 variables
38 and 40 indices
39 neuropathologic 40 indices

furthermore , education modified the relationship of [lacunar] [infarcts] with cognitive abilities ( p = 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 education
3 education 4 modified
4 modified 6 relationship
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 of
7 of 10 with
10 with 12 abilities
11 cognitive 12 abilities
12 abilities 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.04
15 = 17 )

conclusions : even a few years [of] formal education contributes to cognitive reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 even
2 : 6 years
4 a 5 few
5 few 6 years
6 years 9 education
6 years 10 contributes
8 formal 9 education
9 education 10 contributes
10 contributes 11 to
11 to 13 reserve
12 cognitive 13 reserve

perturbations in mitochondrial health may foster age - related losses of aerobic capacity ( vo2peak ) and skeletal muscle size . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 perturbations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 foster
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 perturbations 2 in
1 perturbations 5 may
2 in 4 health
3 mitochondrial 4 health
5 may 6 foster
6 foster 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 17 and
10 losses 11 of
10 losses 17 and
11 of 13 capacity
12 aerobic 13 capacity
13 capacity 15 vo2peak
14 ( 15 vo2peak
15 vo2peak 16 )
17 and 20 size
18 skeletal 19 muscle
19 muscle 20 size

however , limited data exist regarding mitochondrial dynamics in aging human skeletal muscle and the influence of exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 data
3 limited 4 data
4 data 5 exist
5 exist 8 dynamics
5 exist 9 in
6 regarding 8 dynamics
7 mitochondrial 8 dynamics
9 in 14 and
10 aging 13 muscle
11 human 13 muscle
12 skeletal 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 and
14 and 16 influence
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 influence
17 of 18 exercise

the purpose of this study was to examine proteins regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics , vo2peak , and skeletal muscle size before and after aerobic exercise training in young men ( 20 ± 1 [y] ) and older men ( 74 ± 3 [y] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 9 proteins
9 proteins 10 regulating
10 regulating 13 and
11 mitochondrial 12 biogenesis
12 biogenesis 13 and
13 and 14 dynamics
15 , 18 and
16 vo2peak 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 size
18 and 23 and
19 skeletal 20 muscle
20 muscle 21 size
22 before 23 and
23 and 24 after
24 after 39 men
25 aerobic 39 men
26 exercise 27 training
27 training 28 in
27 training 37 and
28 in 30 men
29 young 30 men
30 men 33 ±
31 ( 33 ±
32 20 33 ±
33 ± 34 1
33 ± 36 )
37 and 38 older
37 and 39 men
39 men 42 ±
40 ( 42 ±
41 74 42 ±
42 ± 43 3
42 ± 45 )

exercise [-] induced skeletal muscle [hypertrophy] [occurred] [independent] of age , whereas the improvement in vo2peak was more pronounced in young men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 induced
1 exercise 3 induced
3 induced 5 muscle
3 induced 12 whereas
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 9 of
9 of 10 age
11 , 12 whereas
12 whereas 14 improvement
12 whereas 19 pronounced
12 whereas 23 .
13 the 14 improvement
14 improvement 15 in
14 improvement 17 was
15 in 16 vo2peak
17 was 18 more
17 was 19 pronounced
19 pronounced 20 in
20 in 22 men
21 young 22 men

aerobic exercise training increased proteins involved with mitochondrial biogenesis , fusion , and fission , independent of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 aerobic 3 training
2 exercise 3 training
3 training 4 increased
4 increased 5 proteins
5 proteins 6 involved
5 proteins 17 of
6 involved 7 with
7 with 13 and
7 with 16 independent
8 mitochondrial 9 biogenesis
9 biogenesis 10 ,
10 , 11 fusion
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 fission
13 and 15 ,
17 of 18 age

this is the first study to examine pathways of mitochondrial quality control in aging human skeletal muscle with aerobic exercise training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 study
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 study
5 study 6 to
5 study 21 training
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 8 pathways
8 pathways 9 of
8 pathways 21 training
9 of 12 control
10 mitochondrial 11 quality
11 quality 12 control
12 control 13 in
13 in 14 aging
14 aging 17 muscle
14 aging 18 with
15 human 17 muscle
16 skeletal 17 muscle
18 with 20 exercise
19 aerobic 20 exercise

these data indicate normal aging does not influence proteins associated with mitochondrial health or the ability to respond to aerobic exercise training at the mitochondrial and skeletal muscle levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 respond
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 indicate
3 indicate 5 aging
3 indicate 6 does
4 normal 5 aging
5 aging 6 does
7 not 9 proteins
7 not 10 associated
8 influence 9 proteins
9 proteins 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 17 to
11 with 14 or
12 mitochondrial 13 health
13 health 14 or
14 or 16 ability
15 the 16 ability
17 to 18 respond
18 respond 19 to
18 respond 22 training
18 respond 29 levels
19 to 21 exercise
20 aerobic 21 exercise
22 training 23 at
22 training 29 levels
23 at 28 muscle
24 the 28 muscle
25 mitochondrial 26 and
26 and 27 skeletal
26 and 28 muscle

disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are common in the elderly people ; however , the precise trait [(] [s] [ )(of aging that [contribute] to the vulnerability of the gastrointestinal tract [are] poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 disorders 2 of
1 disorders 6 are
2 of 5 tract
3 the 5 tract
4 gastrointestinal 5 tract
6 are 7 common
7 common 8 in
8 in 11 people
9 the 11 people
10 elderly 11 people
12 ; 17 trait
12 ; 34 understood
13 however 14 ,
13 however 17 trait
15 the 17 trait
16 precise 17 trait
17 trait 21 )(of
17 trait 34 understood
21 )(of 22 aging
22 aging 23 that
22 aging 25 to
25 to 27 vulnerability
26 the 27 vulnerability
27 vulnerability 28 of
28 of 31 tract
29 the 31 tract
30 gastrointestinal 31 tract
33 poorly 34 understood

recent evidence suggests that patients with gastrointestinal disorders have increased intestinal permeability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 recent 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 5 patients
4 that 9 have
5 patients 6 with
6 with 8 disorders
7 gastrointestinal 8 disorders
9 have 10 increased
10 increased 12 permeability
11 intestinal 12 permeability

here , we address the hypothesis that disruption of the intestinal barrier is associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 address
4 address 6 hypothesis
5 the 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 that
7 that 8 disruption
7 that 14 associated
8 disruption 9 of
8 disruption 13 is
9 of 12 barrier
10 the 12 barrier
11 intestinal 12 barrier
13 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 aging

our results demonstrated that permeability was significantly higher in colonic [biopsies] collected [from] old baboons compared with young baboons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
4 that 5 permeability
4 that 6 was
5 permeability 6 was
6 was 7 significantly
6 was 8 higher
8 higher 9 in
8 higher 17 with
9 in 15 baboons
10 colonic 15 baboons
12 collected 15 baboons
14 old 15 baboons
15 baboons 16 compared
17 with 19 baboons
18 young 19 baboons

additionally , colonic tissue from the older animals had decreased zonula occluden - 1 , occludin , and junctional adhesion molecule - a tight junction protein expression and increased claudin - 2 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tissue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 tissue
3 colonic 4 tissue
4 tissue 5 from
4 tissue 9 had
5 from 8 animals
6 the 8 animals
7 older 8 animals
9 had 10 decreased
10 decreased 12 occluden
11 zonula 12 occluden
12 occluden 14 1
12 occluden 18 and
12 occluden 28 and
13 - 14 1
14 1 15 ,
15 , 18 and
16 occludin 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 molecule
18 and 22 -
19 junctional 20 adhesion
20 adhesion 21 molecule
22 - 28 and
23 a 24 tight
23 a 27 expression
24 tight 25 junction
25 junction 26 protein
26 protein 27 expression
27 expression 28 and
28 and 30 claudin
28 and 31 -
29 increased 30 claudin
31 - 33 expression
31 - 34 .
32 2 33 expression

upregulation of mir - 29a and inflammatory cytokines ifn - [γ] , il - 6 , and il - 1β was also found in colonic [biopsies] from old baboons relative to young baboons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 upregulation 2 of
1 upregulation 6 and
2 of 5 29a
3 mir 4 -
3 mir 5 29a
6 and 9 ifn
6 and 10 -
6 and 12 ,
7 inflammatory 8 cytokines
8 cytokines 9 ifn
12 , 13 il
12 , 17 and
13 il 15 6
14 - 15 6
15 6 16 ,
17 and 18 il
17 and 19 -
17 and 20 1β
17 and 21 was
17 and 23 found
17 and 25 colonic
20 1β 21 was
22 also 23 found
23 found 24 in
25 colonic 27 from
27 from 29 baboons
28 old 29 baboons
29 baboons 30 relative
30 relative 31 to
31 to 33 baboons
32 young 33 baboons

these results show for the first time that a pivotal contributing factor to geriatric vulnerability to gastrointestinal dysfunction may be increased colonic permeability via age - associated remodeling of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 for
3 show 7 time
3 show 27 associated
4 for 6 first
5 the 6 first
7 time 8 that
7 time 27 associated
8 that 12 factor
8 that 21 increased
9 a 10 pivotal
9 a 12 factor
10 pivotal 12 factor
11 contributing 12 factor
12 factor 13 to
12 factor 19 may
13 to 15 vulnerability
14 geriatric 15 vulnerability
15 vulnerability 16 to
16 to 18 dysfunction
17 gastrointestinal 18 dysfunction
19 may 20 be
20 be 21 increased
21 increased 23 permeability
21 increased 26 -
22 colonic 23 permeability
23 permeability 24 via
24 via 25 age
27 associated 28 remodeling
28 remodeling 29 of
29 of 34 proteins
30 intestinal 33 junction
31 epithelial 33 junction
32 tight 33 junction
33 junction 34 proteins

none objective : to determine the association between changes in the delayed gadolinium - enhanced mri of cartilage ( dgemric ) index over 2 years as a measure of cartilage proteoglycan concentration , with changes in cartilage thickness in the medial tibiofemoral compartment of knees in middle [-] aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 index
1 none 2 objective
1 none 5 determine
1 none 16 mri
1 none 22 index
2 objective 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 determine
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 7 association
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 between
8 between 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
10 in 13 gadolinium
11 the 13 gadolinium
12 delayed 13 gadolinium
14 - 16 mri
15 enhanced 16 mri
16 mri 17 of
16 mri 20 dgemric
16 mri 21 )
17 of 18 cartilage
19 ( 20 dgemric
20 dgemric 21 )
22 index 23 over
22 index 32 concentration
22 index 34 with
23 over 25 years
24 2 25 years
25 years 26 as
25 years 29 of
26 as 28 measure
27 a 28 measure
29 of 31 proteoglycan
30 cartilage 31 proteoglycan
33 , 34 with
34 with 35 changes
34 with 38 thickness
34 with 51 .
35 changes 36 in
36 in 37 cartilage
38 thickness 39 in
38 thickness 44 of
39 in 43 compartment
40 the 43 compartment
41 medial 43 compartment
42 tibiofemoral 43 compartment
44 of 45 knees
45 knees 46 in
46 in 50 women
47 middle 49 aged
49 aged 50 women

methods : one hundred and forty - eight women ( one knee for each subject ) aged ≥40 years were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 forty
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 forty
6 forty 9 women
7 - 9 women
8 eight 9 women
9 women 12 knee
9 women 22 .
10 ( 12 knee
11 one 12 knee
12 knee 13 for
12 knee 21 included
12 knee 22 .
13 for 18 ≥40
14 each 18 ≥40
15 subject 16 )
15 subject 18 ≥40
17 aged 18 ≥40
18 ≥40 19 years
18 ≥40 20 were
19 years 20 were

three - dimensional ( 3 d ) spoiled gradient recalled echo [(] spgr [ )(sequences ( for cartilage thickness [ )(and 3 d inversion recovery - prepared spgr sequences after dgemric were acquired . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 prepared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 three 15 )(sequences
1 three 27 prepared
2 - 15 )(sequences
3 dimensional 6 d
3 dimensional 7 )
3 dimensional 11 echo
4 ( 6 d
5 3 6 d
6 d 7 )
8 spoiled 11 echo
9 gradient 10 recalled
10 recalled 11 echo
11 echo 15 )(sequences
13 spgr 15 )(sequences
15 )(sequences 17 for
15 )(sequences 26 -
16 ( 17 for
17 for 21 )(and
17 for 26 -
18 cartilage 19 thickness
19 thickness 21 )(and
21 )(and 25 recovery
22 3 23 d
23 d 24 inversion
24 inversion 25 recovery
27 prepared 29 sequences
27 prepared 30 after
28 spgr 29 sequences
30 after 31 dgemric
30 after 33 acquired
31 dgemric 32 were
32 were 33 acquired

segmentation was performed in the medial central ( weight - bearing ) femur and tibia to determine cartilage proteoglycan concentration and thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 segmentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 segmentation 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 in
3 performed 16 to
4 in 14 and
5 the 13 femur
6 medial 13 femur
7 central 10 -
7 central 13 femur
8 ( 10 -
9 weight 10 -
10 - 11 bearing
10 - 12 )
13 femur 14 and
14 and 15 tibia
16 to 17 determine
17 determine 21 and
18 cartilage 20 concentration
19 proteoglycan 20 concentration
20 concentration 21 and
21 and 22 thickness

the association of change in the dgemric indices between baseline and 1 [-] year follow - up [with] [(] [a] ) concomitant changes in cartilage thickness [and] ( [b] [ )(change in cartilage thickness between 1 and 2 years [was] assessed using linear regression . 
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 5 in
2 association 9 between
2 association 11 and
3 of 4 change
5 in 8 indices
6 the 8 indices
7 dgemric 8 indices
9 between 10 baseline
11 and 14 year
11 and 15 follow
12 1 14 year
15 follow 17 up
15 follow 23 changes
15 follow 24 in
16 - 17 up
17 up 21 )
22 concomitant 23 changes
24 in 26 thickness
25 cartilage 26 thickness
26 thickness 37 and
28 ( 37 and
31 )(change 32 in
31 )(change 37 and
32 in 34 thickness
33 cartilage 34 thickness
34 thickness 35 between
35 between 36 1
37 and 39 years
37 and 42 using
37 and 45 .
38 2 39 years
39 years 41 assessed
42 using 44 regression
43 linear 44 regression

results : in the whole - sample model , a decrease in dgemric indices over time at the central medial femur significantly predicted an increase in cartilage thickness at [both] the central medial femur ( p=0.008 ) and the medial tibia ( p=0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 decrease
2 : 23 predicted
2 : 45 .
3 in 8 model
3 in 9 ,
3 in 11 decrease
4 the 8 model
5 whole 6 -
5 whole 7 sample
7 sample 8 model
10 a 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 in
11 decrease 15 over
11 decrease 17 at
11 decrease 23 predicted
12 in 14 indices
13 dgemric 14 indices
15 over 16 time
17 at 21 femur
18 the 21 femur
19 central 21 femur
20 medial 21 femur
22 significantly 23 predicted
23 predicted 25 increase
23 predicted 26 in
24 an 25 increase
26 in 38 and
27 cartilage 28 thickness
28 thickness 29 at
28 thickness 38 and
29 at 34 femur
31 the 34 femur
32 central 34 femur
33 medial 34 femur
34 femur 36 p=0.008
35 ( 36 p=0.008
36 p=0.008 37 )
38 and 41 tibia
38 and 43 p=0.04
39 the 41 tibia
40 medial 41 tibia
42 ( 43 p=0.04
43 p=0.04 44 )

conclusions : a decrease in dgemric indices was associated with an increase in cartilage thickness in the medial compartment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 decrease
2 : 9 associated
2 : 20 .
3 a 4 decrease
4 decrease 5 in
4 decrease 8 was
5 in 7 indices
6 dgemric 7 indices
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 13 in
9 associated 16 in
10 with 12 increase
11 an 12 increase
13 in 15 thickness
14 cartilage 15 thickness
16 in 19 compartment
17 the 19 compartment
18 medial 19 compartment

our results suggest that an increase in cartilage thickness may also be related to a decrease in proteoglycan concentration , which may represent swelling of cartilage in early stages of degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 increase
4 that 13 related
5 an 6 increase
6 increase 7 in
6 increase 10 may
7 in 9 thickness
8 cartilage 9 thickness
10 may 12 be
11 also 12 be
12 be 13 related
13 related 14 to
14 to 16 decrease
15 a 16 decrease
16 decrease 17 in
17 in 19 concentration
18 proteoglycan 19 concentration
20 , 21 which
20 , 23 represent
21 which 22 may
22 may 23 represent
23 represent 24 swelling
23 represent 27 in
24 swelling 25 of
25 of 26 cartilage
27 in 29 stages
28 early 29 stages
29 stages 30 of
30 of 31 degeneration

none atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are chronic diseases that progress with age , and studies suggest aortic calcification , an indicator of atherosclerosis , is inversely associated with bone mineral density ( bmd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 none 3 and
1 none 10 with
1 none 11 age
2 atherosclerosis 3 and
3 and 4 osteoporosis
3 and 5 are
5 are 7 diseases
5 are 10 with
6 chronic 7 diseases
7 diseases 8 that
7 diseases 9 progress
8 that 9 progress
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 studies
13 and 15 suggest
14 studies 15 suggest
15 suggest 17 calcification
15 suggest 26 associated
16 aortic 17 calcification
17 calcification 20 indicator
17 calcification 24 is
18 , 20 indicator
19 an 20 indicator
20 indicator 21 of
20 indicator 23 ,
21 of 22 atherosclerosis
24 is 26 associated
25 inversely 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 30 density
28 bone 30 density
29 mineral 30 density
30 density 32 bmd
31 ( 32 bmd
32 bmd 33 )

the osteoprotegerin [(] opg )/receptor activator of nf - κb ( rank )/rank [ligand] ( rankl ) [system] has been proposed as a shared regulatory system for bone [and] vasculature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 activator
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 6 activator
2 osteoprotegerin 6 activator
4 opg 6 activator
5 )/receptor 6 activator
6 activator 7 of
6 activator 10 κb
6 activator 19 has
7 of 8 nf
9 - 10 κb
10 κb 13 )/rank
10 κb 17 )
11 ( 13 )/rank
12 rank 13 )/rank
13 )/rank 16 rankl
13 )/rank 17 )
15 ( 16 rankl
16 rankl 17 )
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 proposed
21 proposed 22 as
21 proposed 27 for
22 as 26 system
23 a 26 system
24 shared 26 system
25 regulatory 26 system
27 for 30 vasculature
28 bone 30 vasculature

denosumab ( dmab ) , a monoclonal antibody against rankl , improved bmd and reduced fracture risk in the fracture reduction evaluation of denosumab in osteoporosis every 6 months ( freedom ) trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 denosumab
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 denosumab 3 dmab
1 denosumab 8 antibody
1 denosumab 14 and
2 ( 3 dmab
3 dmab 4 )
5 , 8 antibody
6 a 7 monoclonal
6 a 8 antibody
7 monoclonal 8 antibody
8 antibody 9 against
8 antibody 11 ,
9 against 10 rankl
12 improved 13 bmd
12 improved 14 and
14 and 15 reduced
15 reduced 17 risk
15 reduced 18 in
16 fracture 17 risk
18 in 33 trial
19 the 33 trial
20 fracture 21 reduction
21 reduction 22 evaluation
22 evaluation 23 of
22 evaluation 27 every
23 of 24 denosumab
24 denosumab 25 in
25 in 26 osteoporosis
27 every 28 6
27 every 33 trial
29 months 31 freedom
30 ( 31 freedom
31 freedom 32 )
31 freedom 33 trial

we evaluated whether or not treatment with dmab influenced progression of aortic calcification ( ac ) and incidence of cardiovascular ( cv ) adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 5 not
3 whether 4 or
4 or 5 not
5 not 6 treatment
5 not 9 influenced
6 treatment 7 with
6 treatment 9 influenced
7 with 8 dmab
9 influenced 17 and
10 progression 11 of
10 progression 17 and
11 of 13 calcification
12 aortic 13 calcification
13 calcification 15 ac
14 ( 15 ac
15 ac 16 )
17 and 18 incidence
17 and 19 of
19 of 25 events
20 cardiovascular 22 cv
20 cardiovascular 25 events
21 ( 22 cv
22 cv 23 )
24 adverse 25 events

we included 2363 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis ( 1142 placebo , 1221 dmab ) , selected from 7808 participants in the freedom trial ( 3906 placebo , 3902 dmab ) , [at] [high] [risk] of cv events according to modified raloxifene use for the heart ( ruth [ )(criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
1 we 2 included
2 included 5 women
3 2363 5 women
4 postmenopausal 5 women
5 women 6 with
5 women 16 selected
5 women 17 from
6 with 7 osteoporosis
7 osteoporosis 10 placebo
8 ( 10 placebo
9 1142 10 placebo
10 placebo 13 dmab
10 placebo 15 ,
11 , 13 dmab
12 1221 13 dmab
13 dmab 14 )
17 from 19 participants
18 7808 19 participants
19 participants 20 in
20 in 23 trial
21 the 23 trial
22 freedom 23 trial
23 trial 26 placebo
23 trial 35 of
24 ( 26 placebo
25 3906 26 placebo
26 placebo 29 dmab
26 placebo 31 ,
27 , 29 dmab
28 3902 29 dmab
29 dmab 30 )
35 of 37 events
36 cv 37 events
37 events 38 according
37 events 49 )(criteria
38 according 39 to
38 according 42 use
39 to 41 raloxifene
40 modified 41 raloxifene
42 use 43 for
43 for 45 heart
44 the 45 heart
46 ( 49 )(criteria
47 ruth 49 )(criteria
49 )(criteria 50 .

cv adverse events were reported by participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 cv 3 events
1 cv 4 were
1 cv 5 reported
2 adverse 3 events
3 events 4 were
5 reported 6 by
6 by 7 participants

ac scores were assessed using a semiquantitative method from lateral spine x - rays . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ac 2 scores
2 scores 3 were
3 were 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 8 method
6 a 7 semiquantitative
6 a 8 method
7 semiquantitative 8 method
8 method 9 from
9 from 11 spine
10 lateral 11 spine
11 spine 12 x
12 x 13 -
13 - 14 rays

change in ac [score] from baseline to 12 ( n = 1377 ) , 24 ( n = 1231 ) , and 36 months ( n = 1045 ) [was] calculated as ac score at [follow] - up minus ac [score] at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 change 2 in
1 change 5 from
1 change 22 and
2 in 3 ac
5 from 6 baseline
6 baseline 7 to
7 to 8 12
8 12 11 =
8 12 15 24
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 1377
11 = 13 )
14 , 15 24
15 24 18 =
15 24 20 )
16 ( 18 =
17 n 18 =
18 = 19 1231
18 = 20 )
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 months
22 and 31 calculated
22 and 32 as
22 and 34 score
23 36 24 months
24 months 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 1045
27 = 29 )
32 as 33 ac
34 score 35 at
34 score 39 minus
35 at 38 up
37 - 38 up
39 minus 40 ac
40 ac 42 at
42 at 43 baseline

ac progression was defined as change in ac score >0 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 progression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 ac 2 progression
2 progression 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
4 defined 7 in
5 as 6 change
7 in 10 >0
8 ac 10 >0
9 score 10 >0

baseline characteristics , cv risk factors , and ac scores were similar between treatment groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 baseline 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 ,
3 , 6 factors
3 , 8 and
4 cv 6 factors
5 risk 6 factors
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 scores
8 and 11 were
9 ac 10 scores
11 were 12 similar
12 similar 13 between
13 between 15 groups
14 treatment 15 groups

mean age of participants was 74 years ( range , 60 - 90 ) , 88 % were white , and 77 % had ac score >0 at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 mean 2 age
2 age 3 of
2 age 5 was
3 of 4 participants
5 was 7 years
6 74 7 years
7 years 9 range
7 years 12 -
8 ( 9 range
9 range 10 ,
10 , 12 -
11 60 12 -
12 - 13 90
12 - 14 )
15 , 17 %
15 , 18 were
15 , 21 and
16 88 17 %
17 % 18 were
18 were 19 white
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 %
21 and 24 had
22 77 23 %
23 % 24 had
24 had 27 >0
24 had 28 at
25 ac 26 score
26 score 27 >0
28 at 29 baseline

frequency of ac progression over 3 years did not differ between women in [placebo] ( 22 % ) and dmab ( 22 % ) groups ( p = 0.98 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 frequency 2 of
1 frequency 19 and
2 of 3 ac
3 ac 4 progression
3 ac 13 in
3 ac 17 %
4 progression 5 over
4 progression 8 did
5 over 7 years
6 3 7 years
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 differ
10 differ 11 between
10 differ 13 in
11 between 12 women
15 ( 17 %
16 22 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 and 25 groups
19 and 28 =
20 dmab 23 %
20 dmab 25 groups
21 ( 23 %
22 22 23 %
23 % 24 )
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.98
28 = 30 )

ac progression did not differ between treatment groups when analyzed by baseline estimated glomerular filtration [rate] or by baseline ac scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 progression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 ac 2 progression
2 progression 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 differ
5 differ 6 between
5 differ 9 when
6 between 8 groups
7 treatment 8 groups
9 when 10 analyzed
10 analyzed 17 or
11 by 15 filtration
11 by 17 or
12 baseline 13 estimated
13 estimated 15 filtration
14 glomerular 15 filtration
17 or 18 by
18 by 19 baseline
19 baseline 20 ac
19 baseline 21 scores
20 ac 21 scores

frequency of cv adverse events did not differ between [placebo] ( 40 % ) and dmab ( 38 % ) groups ( p = 0.26 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 dmab
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 frequency 2 of
1 frequency 15 and
2 of 3 cv
3 cv 5 events
3 cv 9 between
3 cv 13 %
4 adverse 5 events
5 events 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 differ
8 differ 9 between
11 ( 13 %
12 40 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 and 16 dmab
16 dmab 19 %
16 dmab 21 groups
17 ( 19 %
18 38 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 groups 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.26
24 = 26 )

in conclusion , dmab treatment had no effect on progression of ac or incidence of cv adverse events compared to placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 treatment
3 , 6 had
4 dmab 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 had
6 had 21 placebo
7 no 21 placebo
8 effect 9 on
8 effect 13 or
9 on 10 progression
10 progression 11 of
11 of 12 ac
13 or 14 incidence
13 or 15 of
13 or 21 placebo
15 of 16 cv
16 cv 18 events
16 cv 20 to
17 adverse 18 events
18 events 19 compared
19 compared 20 to

the nuclear lamina underlies the inner nuclear membrane and consists of a proteinaceous meshwork of intermediate filaments : [the] a - and b - type lamins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lamina
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 lamina
2 nuclear 3 lamina
3 lamina 9 and
4 underlies 8 membrane
4 underlies 9 and
5 the 8 membrane
6 inner 8 membrane
7 nuclear 8 membrane
9 and 10 consists
10 consists 11 of
11 of 14 meshwork
12 a 14 meshwork
13 proteinaceous 14 meshwork
14 meshwork 15 of
15 of 17 filaments
16 intermediate 17 filaments
18 : 20 a
18 : 22 and
21 - 22 and
22 and 23 b
22 and 24 -
23 b 24 -
24 - 25 type
25 type 26 lamins

mutations in lmna ( encoding lamin a [and] [c] ) [give] rise to a variety of human diseases including muscular dystrophies , cardiomyopathies and the premature aging syndrome progeria ( hgps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 rise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 12 rise
2 in 3 lmna
3 lmna 5 encoding
4 ( 5 encoding
5 encoding 6 lamin
5 encoding 10 )
6 lamin 7 a
12 rise 13 to
13 to 15 variety
14 a 15 variety
15 variety 16 of
16 of 24 and
17 human 18 diseases
18 diseases 19 including
18 diseases 22 ,
19 including 21 dystrophies
20 muscular 21 dystrophies
22 , 23 cardiomyopathies
22 , 24 and
24 and 29 progeria
24 and 31 hgps
25 the 29 progeria
26 premature 28 syndrome
27 aging 28 syndrome
28 syndrome 29 progeria
30 ( 31 hgps
31 hgps 32 )

duplication of the lmnb1 locus , leading to elevated levels of lamin b1 , causes adult - onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy ( adld ) , a rare genetic disease that leads to demyelination in the central nervous system ( cns ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 adult
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 duplication 2 of
1 duplication 16 adult
2 of 4 lmnb1
3 the 4 lmnb1
4 lmnb1 5 locus
4 lmnb1 15 causes
5 locus 7 leading
5 locus 15 causes
6 , 7 leading
7 leading 8 to
7 leading 13 b1
7 leading 14 ,
8 to 10 levels
9 elevated 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
11 of 12 lamin
17 - 21 leukodystrophy
18 onset 21 leukodystrophy
19 autosomal 21 leukodystrophy
20 dominant 21 leukodystrophy
21 leukodystrophy 23 adld
21 leukodystrophy 29 disease
22 ( 23 adld
23 adld 24 )
25 , 29 disease
26 a 29 disease
27 rare 29 disease
28 genetic 29 disease
29 disease 30 that
29 disease 31 leads
29 disease 41 )
30 that 31 leads
31 leads 32 to
31 leads 34 in
32 to 33 demyelination
34 in 38 system
35 the 38 system
36 central 38 system
37 nervous 38 system
38 system 40 cns
39 ( 40 cns
40 cns 41 )

conversely , reduced levels of lamin b1 have been observed in hgps patient derived fibroblasts , as well as fibroblasts and keratinocytes undergoing replicative senescence , suggesting that the regulation of lamin b1 is important for cellular physiology and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 4 levels
3 reduced 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 8 have
5 of 7 b1
6 lamin 7 b1
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 observed
10 observed 11 in
11 in 15 fibroblasts
12 hgps 14 derived
13 patient 14 derived
14 derived 15 fibroblasts
15 fibroblasts 17 as
16 , 17 as
17 as 21 and
17 as 26 ,
18 well 19 as
18 well 21 and
19 as 20 fibroblasts
21 and 22 keratinocytes
21 and 23 undergoing
23 undergoing 25 senescence
24 replicative 25 senescence
26 , 27 suggesting
26 , 34 is
27 suggesting 28 that
27 suggesting 34 is
29 the 30 regulation
30 regulation 31 of
30 regulation 34 is
31 of 33 b1
32 lamin 33 b1
34 is 35 important
35 important 36 for
36 for 39 and
37 cellular 38 physiology
38 physiology 39 and
39 and 40 disease

however , the causal relationship between low levels of lamin b1 and cellular senescence and its relevance in vivo remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 15 and
3 the 5 relationship
4 causal 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 between
5 relationship 12 and
6 between 8 levels
7 low 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 11 b1
10 lamin 11 b1
12 and 14 senescence
12 and 15 and
13 cellular 14 senescence
15 and 17 relevance
15 and 20 remain
16 its 17 relevance
18 in 19 vivo
19 vivo 20 remain
20 remain 21 unclear

how do elevated levels of lamin b1 cause disease and why is the cns particularly susceptible to lamin b1 fluctuations ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ?
1 how 12 is
2 do 4 levels
2 do 12 is
3 elevated 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
5 of 10 and
6 lamin 9 disease
7 b1 9 disease
8 cause 9 disease
9 disease 10 and
10 and 11 why
12 is 14 cns
12 is 16 susceptible
13 the 14 cns
15 particularly 16 susceptible
16 susceptible 17 to
17 to 20 fluctuations
18 lamin 20 fluctuations
19 b1 20 fluctuations

here we summarize recent findings as to how perturbations of lamin b1 affect cellular physiology and discuss the implications this has on senescence , hgps and adld . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 summarize
3 summarize 5 findings
3 summarize 7 to
4 recent 5 findings
6 as 7 to
7 to 8 how
8 how 9 perturbations
8 how 16 and
9 perturbations 10 of
9 perturbations 16 and
10 of 12 b1
11 lamin 12 b1
13 affect 15 physiology
13 affect 16 and
14 cellular 15 physiology
16 and 17 discuss
17 discuss 19 implications
18 the 19 implications
19 implications 20 this
19 implications 21 has
20 this 21 has
21 has 22 on
22 on 26 and
23 senescence 24 ,
24 , 25 hgps
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 adld

the protease inhibitor ( pi ) [ritonavir] is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome p450 ( cyp ) 3a4 activity and frequently prescribed to boost the effectiveness of other pis as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibitor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 inhibitor
2 protease 3 inhibitor
3 inhibitor 5 pi
3 inhibitor 20 and
4 ( 5 pi
5 pi 6 )
8 is 11 inhibitor
8 is 20 and
9 a 11 inhibitor
10 potent 11 inhibitor
11 inhibitor 12 of
12 of 19 activity
13 cytochrome 18 3a4
14 p450 16 cyp
15 ( 16 cyp
16 cyp 17 )
16 cyp 18 3a4
18 3a4 19 activity
20 and 22 prescribed
20 and 23 to
20 and 30 as
21 frequently 22 prescribed
23 to 24 boost
24 boost 26 effectiveness
25 the 26 effectiveness
26 effectiveness 27 of
27 of 29 pis
28 other 29 pis
30 as 36 therapy
31 part 32 of
31 part 36 therapy
32 of 36 therapy
33 highly 34 active
34 active 36 therapy
35 antiretroviral 36 therapy

it is well established that ritonavir is capable of inducing iatrogenic cushing [syndrome] ( ics ) through a drug - drug interaction with inhaled fluticasone that leads to the inhibition of cyp3a activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 well
2 is 5 that
3 well 4 established
5 that 6 ritonavir
5 that 7 is
6 ritonavir 7 is
7 is 8 capable
8 capable 9 of
9 of 10 inducing
10 inducing 15 ics
10 inducing 17 through
11 iatrogenic 15 ics
12 cushing 15 ics
14 ( 15 ics
15 ics 16 )
17 through 19 drug
18 a 19 drug
19 drug 22 interaction
20 - 22 interaction
21 drug 22 interaction
22 interaction 23 with
22 interaction 26 that
22 interaction 27 leads
22 interaction 34 .
23 with 25 fluticasone
24 inhaled 25 fluticasone
26 that 27 leads
27 leads 28 to
28 to 30 inhibition
29 the 30 inhibition
30 inhibition 31 of
31 of 33 activity
32 cyp3a 33 activity

a rapidly increasing number of case reports are being published describing ics induced by the interaction of ritonavir and injected corticosteroids , namely triamcinolone acetonide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 triamcinolone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 rapidly
1 a 4 number
2 rapidly 3 increasing
4 number 5 of
4 number 7 reports
5 of 7 reports
6 case 7 reports
7 reports 8 are
8 are 9 being
9 being 12 ics
9 being 14 by
10 published 12 ics
11 describing 12 ics
12 ics 13 induced
14 by 19 and
15 the 16 interaction
16 interaction 17 of
16 interaction 19 and
17 of 18 ritonavir
19 and 21 corticosteroids
20 injected 21 corticosteroids
22 , 24 triamcinolone
23 namely 24 triamcinolone
24 triamcinolone 25 acetonide

a review of the current literature identified 15 cases ( including the one reported here ) of ics and suppression of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis after periradicular injection of triamcinolone acetonide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 a 2 review
2 review 3 of
2 review 17 of
2 review 19 and
3 of 5 current
4 the 5 current
5 current 6 literature
5 current 7 identified
6 literature 7 identified
7 identified 9 cases
8 15 9 cases
9 cases 11 including
10 ( 11 including
11 including 13 one
11 including 16 )
12 the 13 one
13 one 14 reported
14 reported 15 here
17 of 18 ics
19 and 20 suppression
19 and 21 of
21 of 28 axis
22 the 28 axis
23 hypothalamic 24 -
23 hypothalamic 28 axis
25 pituitary 26 -
25 pituitary 28 axis
27 adrenal 28 axis
28 axis 29 after
29 after 31 injection
30 periradicular 31 injection
31 injection 32 of
32 of 34 acetonide
33 triamcinolone 34 acetonide

considering an aging human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) - infected population an increasing number of patients will present with degenerative musculoskeletal disease and be seeking pain relief . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 considering 4 human
1 considering 6 virus
1 considering 10 -
1 considering 24 and
2 an 4 human
3 aging 4 human
5 immunodeficiency 6 virus
6 virus 8 hiv
7 ( 8 hiv
8 hiv 9 )
11 infected 12 population
11 infected 24 and
12 population 17 patients
12 population 19 present
13 an 15 number
14 increasing 15 number
15 number 16 of
15 number 17 patients
16 of 17 patients
17 patients 18 will
18 will 19 present
19 present 20 with
20 with 23 disease
21 degenerative 23 disease
22 musculoskeletal 23 disease
24 and 25 be
25 be 26 seeking
26 seeking 28 relief
27 pain 28 relief

based on data reported in the literature and our own experience triamcinolone injections during ritonavir - based therapy should be avoided . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 avoided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 in
1 based 14 during
1 based 16 -
1 based 18 therapy
2 on 3 data
3 data 4 reported
5 in 8 and
6 the 7 literature
7 literature 8 and
8 and 13 injections
9 our 10 own
9 our 13 injections
11 experience 13 injections
12 triamcinolone 13 injections
14 during 15 ritonavir
17 based 18 therapy
18 therapy 19 should
19 should 20 be
20 be 21 avoided

after failure of all conservative therapeutic options methylprednisolone may represent a therapeutic alternative for steroid injections in hiv patients receiving pi - based antiviral therapy since it has [to] [date] not been associated with ics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 methylprednisolone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 after 2 failure
1 after 8 methylprednisolone
3 of 7 options
3 of 8 methylprednisolone
4 all 7 options
5 conservative 7 options
6 therapeutic 7 options
8 methylprednisolone 9 may
9 may 10 represent
10 represent 13 alternative
11 a 12 therapeutic
11 a 13 alternative
12 therapeutic 13 alternative
13 alternative 14 for
13 alternative 17 in
13 alternative 20 receiving
14 for 16 injections
15 steroid 16 injections
17 in 19 patients
18 hiv 19 patients
20 receiving 21 pi
22 - 25 therapy
22 - 33 associated
23 based 25 therapy
24 antiviral 25 therapy
25 therapy 26 since
25 therapy 28 has
26 since 27 it
28 has 31 not
28 has 32 been
32 been 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 35 ics

none background : to analyze the effects of age , cataract surgery and postoperative period on macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 8 of
1 none 9 age
2 background 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 analyze
4 to 5 analyze
5 analyze 7 effects
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
10 , 13 and
11 cataract 12 surgery
12 surgery 13 and
13 and 15 period
13 and 16 on
14 postoperative 15 period
16 on 20 density
17 macular 18 pigment
18 pigment 20 density
19 optical 20 density
20 density 22 mpod
21 ( 22 mpod
22 mpod 23 )

methods : the study included cases referred to ankara university department of ophthalmology , between april and june 2012 , who had a transparent natural lens or had undergone cataract surgery at least a year ago with their best corrected visual acuity of ≥ 0.5 based on snellen chart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 6 cases
3 the 6 cases
4 study 5 included
5 included 6 cases
6 cases 7 referred
7 referred 8 to
7 referred 36 ago
7 referred 37 with
8 to 11 department
9 ankara 10 university
10 university 11 department
11 department 12 of
11 department 21 who
11 department 27 or
12 of 13 ophthalmology
13 ophthalmology 15 between
14 , 15 between
15 between 17 and
15 between 20 ,
16 april 17 and
17 and 18 june
18 june 19 2012
21 who 27 or
22 had 26 lens
22 had 27 or
23 a 26 lens
24 transparent 26 lens
25 natural 26 lens
27 or 28 had
28 had 31 surgery
29 undergone 30 cataract
30 cataract 31 surgery
32 at 33 least
33 least 35 year
34 a 35 year
35 year 36 ago
37 with 42 acuity
38 their 39 best
38 their 42 acuity
40 corrected 42 acuity
41 visual 42 acuity
42 acuity 43 of
42 acuity 45 0.5
42 acuity 49 chart
43 of 44 ≥
45 0.5 46 based
45 0.5 49 chart
46 based 47 on
47 on 48 snellen

presence of an ocular disease that might affect lens , retina and optic nerve ( cataract , macular degeneration , diabetic retinopathy , glaucoma [etc] [.] ) , cataract surgery within the previous year , light - colored iris , smoking and use of micronutrition supplementation were determined as exclusion criteria . 
1 presence 6 that
2 of 5 disease
2 of 6 that
3 an 5 disease
4 ocular 5 disease
6 that 7 might
7 might 8 affect
8 affect 19 degeneration
9 lens 10 ,
10 , 11 retina
10 , 12 and
12 and 14 nerve
12 and 16 cataract
12 and 19 degeneration
13 optic 14 nerve
15 ( 16 cataract
16 cataract 17 ,
18 macular 19 degeneration
19 degeneration 30 surgery
20 , 30 surgery
21 diabetic 29 cataract
22 retinopathy 24 glaucoma
22 retinopathy 28 ,
22 retinopathy 29 cataract
23 , 24 glaucoma
24 glaucoma 27 )
29 cataract 30 surgery
30 surgery 31 within
30 surgery 40 ,
31 within 34 year
32 the 33 previous
32 the 34 year
34 year 39 iris
35 , 39 iris
36 light 37 -
36 light 39 iris
38 colored 39 iris
39 iris 40 ,
40 , 48 determined
41 smoking 42 and
42 and 43 use
42 and 48 determined
43 use 44 of
44 of 45 micronutrition
45 micronutrition 46 supplementation
45 micronutrition 47 were
46 supplementation 47 were
48 determined 49 as
48 determined 52 .
49 as 51 criteria
50 exclusion 51 criteria

after detailed opthalmologic examination of all patients , they were divided into three groups based on their age and their lens status [as] : group 1 [,] [patients] < 50 years of age having a clear lens [;] group 2 [,] patients > 50 years of age having a clear lens [;] and group 3 , patients > 50 years [of] age who had cataract surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 divided
1 after 4 examination
1 after 9 they
2 detailed 4 examination
3 opthalmologic 4 examination
5 of 7 patients
5 of 8 ,
5 of 9 they
6 all 7 patients
9 they 10 were
10 were 11 divided
11 divided 12 into
12 into 14 groups
13 three 14 groups
14 groups 15 based
14 groups 16 on
14 groups 22 status
14 groups 25 group
16 on 19 and
17 their 18 age
18 age 19 and
19 and 21 lens
20 their 21 lens
22 status 24 :
24 : 25 group
25 group 29 <
26 1 29 <
29 < 31 years
30 50 31 years
31 years 34 having
31 years 43 >
32 of 33 age
32 of 34 having
34 having 37 lens
34 having 39 group
34 having 43 >
35 a 37 lens
36 clear 37 lens
39 group 42 patients
40 2 42 patients
43 > 53 and
44 50 53 and
45 years 46 of
45 years 53 and
46 of 47 age
47 age 48 having
48 having 51 lens
49 a 50 clear
49 a 51 lens
50 clear 51 lens
53 and 54 group
53 and 62 age
54 group 55 3
56 , 62 age
57 patients 62 age
58 > 59 50
59 50 60 years
60 years 62 age
62 age 63 who
62 age 64 had
62 age 67 .
63 who 64 had
64 had 66 surgery
65 cataract 66 surgery

age , gender , and postoperative period of the patients as well as the mpod values of the eyes measured with heterochromatic flicker photometric ( hfp ) method ( macularmetricstm ) were included in the analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 gender
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 7 period
5 and 8 of
5 and 16 values
5 and 20 measured
5 and 32 were
6 postoperative 7 period
8 of 10 patients
9 the 10 patients
10 patients 13 as
11 as 12 well
12 well 13 as
13 as 15 mpod
14 the 15 mpod
16 values 17 of
16 values 20 measured
17 of 19 eyes
18 the 19 eyes
20 measured 21 with
21 with 28 method
22 heterochromatic 23 flicker
23 flicker 28 method
24 photometric 26 hfp
24 photometric 27 )
24 photometric 28 method
25 ( 26 hfp
26 hfp 27 )
28 method 30 macularmetricstm
29 ( 30 macularmetricstm
30 macularmetricstm 31 )
32 were 33 included
33 included 34 in
34 in 36 analysis
35 the 36 analysis

results : sixty - eight eyes of 37 cases with a mean age of 53.4 ± 15.3 years were enrolled in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 eyes
3 sixty 4 -
4 - 5 eight
4 - 6 eyes
6 eyes 7 of
6 eyes 13 age
6 eyes 20 enrolled
7 of 9 cases
8 37 9 cases
9 cases 10 with
10 with 12 mean
11 a 12 mean
13 age 14 of
13 age 18 years
13 age 19 were
13 age 20 enrolled
14 of 16 ±
15 53.4 16 ±
16 ± 17 15.3
18 years 19 were
20 enrolled 21 in
21 in 23 study
22 the 23 study

group 1 included 20 eyes of 10 cases ( mean age 29.4 ± 9.5 ) ; group 2 included 32 eyes of 16 cases ( mean age 60.3 ± 6.8 ) ; and group 3 included 16 eyes of 11 cases ( mean age 65.2 ± 9.7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 group 2 1
1 group 3 included
3 included 5 eyes
4 20 5 eyes
5 eyes 6 of
5 eyes 13 ±
6 of 8 cases
7 10 8 cases
9 ( 13 ±
10 mean 11 age
11 age 13 ±
12 29.4 13 ±
13 ± 14 9.5
13 ± 15 )
16 ; 17 group
16 ; 19 included
16 ; 32 ;
17 group 18 2
17 group 19 included
19 included 21 eyes
20 32 21 eyes
21 eyes 22 of
21 eyes 29 ±
22 of 24 cases
23 16 24 cases
25 ( 29 ±
26 mean 27 age
27 age 29 ±
28 60.3 29 ±
29 ± 30 6.8
29 ± 31 )
32 ; 33 and
33 and 34 group
33 and 36 included
34 group 35 3
34 group 36 included
36 included 38 eyes
37 16 38 eyes
38 eyes 39 of
39 of 41 cases
40 11 41 cases
41 cases 46 ±
42 ( 46 ±
43 mean 44 age
44 age 46 ±
45 65.2 46 ±
46 ± 47 9.7
46 ± 48 )

the mean macular pigment optical density value of all cases was 0.511 ± 0.192 log [unit] , while the mean mpod values of groups 1 , 2 and 3 were 0.570 ± 170 , 0.528 ± 203 and 0.400 ± 180 log units , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 7 value
2 mean 7 value
3 macular 7 value
4 pigment 7 value
5 optical 6 density
6 density 7 value
7 value 8 of
7 value 11 was
8 of 10 cases
9 all 10 cases
11 was 13 ±
12 0.511 13 ±
13 ± 14 0.192
13 ± 15 log
14 0.192 15 log
17 , 28 and
17 , 30 were
18 while 22 values
18 while 26 ,
18 while 28 and
19 the 22 values
20 mean 22 values
21 mpod 22 values
22 values 23 of
23 of 24 groups
24 groups 25 1
27 2 28 and
28 and 29 3
28 and 30 were
30 were 38 and
30 were 45 respectively
31 0.570 38 and
32 ± 33 170
32 ± 34 ,
34 , 36 ±
34 , 38 and
35 0.528 36 ±
36 ± 37 203
38 and 43 units
38 and 44 ,
39 0.400 43 units
40 ± 43 units
41 180 42 log
42 log 43 units

the mean mpod values of the patients [with] clear lens aged < 50 and aged > 50 years did not reveal a statisticially significant difference ( p = 1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 values
2 mean 4 values
3 mpod 4 values
4 values 5 of
4 values 19 did
5 of 10 lens
6 the 10 lens
7 patients 10 lens
9 clear 10 lens
10 lens 14 and
11 aged 13 50
11 aged 14 and
12 < 13 50
14 and 15 aged
15 aged 18 years
16 > 17 50
17 50 18 years
19 did 20 not
19 did 21 reveal
21 reveal 25 difference
21 reveal 28 =
22 a 25 difference
23 statisticially 24 significant
24 significant 25 difference
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 1
28 = 30 )

however , the mean mpod value of the cataract surgery group ( group 3 ) was found to be statistically significantly lower than the group 1 and group 2 ( p = 0.022 , p = 0.039 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 value
3 the 6 value
4 mean 6 value
5 mpod 6 value
6 value 7 of
6 value 13 group
6 value 16 was
7 of 11 group
8 the 11 group
9 cataract 11 group
10 surgery 11 group
12 ( 13 group
13 group 14 3
13 group 15 )
16 was 17 found
17 found 18 to
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 statistically
19 be 21 significantly
19 be 22 lower
22 lower 23 than
22 lower 32 =
22 lower 36 =
22 lower 39 respectively
23 than 27 and
24 the 27 and
25 group 26 1
25 group 27 and
27 and 28 group
28 group 29 2
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.022
32 = 34 ,
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.039
36 = 38 ,
38 , 39 respectively
39 respectively 40 )

the correlations between mpod values and postoperative periods of the patients in group 3 showed that a decrease in mpod values in parallel with duration of the postoperative period and this negative correlation was found to be statistically significant ( r [:] - 0.66 , p = 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 correlations
2 correlations 3 between
2 correlations 6 and
3 between 5 values
4 mpod 5 values
6 and 8 periods
6 and 9 of
6 and 12 in
6 and 15 showed
7 postoperative 8 periods
9 of 11 patients
10 the 11 patients
12 in 13 group
13 group 14 3
15 showed 16 that
16 that 18 decrease
16 that 35 found
17 a 18 decrease
18 decrease 19 in
18 decrease 34 was
19 in 21 values
20 mpod 21 values
21 values 22 in
22 in 30 and
23 parallel 24 with
23 parallel 26 of
23 parallel 30 and
24 with 25 duration
26 of 29 period
27 the 29 period
28 postoperative 29 period
30 and 33 correlation
31 this 32 negative
32 negative 33 correlation
34 was 35 found
35 found 36 to
35 found 43 -
35 found 47 =
36 to 37 be
37 be 38 statistically
37 be 39 significant
40 ( 43 -
41 r 43 -
43 - 44 0.66
43 - 45 ,
45 , 47 =
46 p 47 =
47 = 48 0.005
47 = 49 )

conclusion : our study has demonstrated that a significant correlation does not exist between age of the patients and mpod values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 demonstrated
2 : 22 .
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 has
5 has 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 7 that
7 that 10 correlation
7 that 13 exist
8 a 9 significant
8 a 10 correlation
9 significant 10 correlation
10 correlation 11 does
11 does 12 not
11 does 13 exist
13 exist 14 between
14 between 19 and
15 age 16 of
15 age 19 and
16 of 18 patients
17 the 18 patients
19 and 21 values
20 mpod 21 values

mpod values were lower than age - matched patients who had undergone cataract surgery and finally an inverse correlation existed between duration of the postoperative period after cataract surgery and mpod values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 mpod 2 values
2 values 3 were
3 were 4 lower
4 lower 5 than
5 than 6 age
7 - 9 patients
7 - 20 existed
8 matched 9 patients
9 patients 10 who
9 patients 11 had
9 patients 20 existed
10 who 11 had
11 had 12 undergone
12 undergone 15 and
13 cataract 14 surgery
14 surgery 15 and
15 and 16 finally
15 and 19 correlation
17 an 18 inverse
17 an 19 correlation
18 inverse 19 correlation
20 existed 21 between
20 existed 27 after
21 between 22 duration
22 duration 23 of
23 of 26 period
24 the 26 period
25 postoperative 26 period
27 after 30 and
28 cataract 29 surgery
29 surgery 30 and
30 and 32 values
31 mpod 32 values

the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and vascular remodeling is a relatively new area of investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 10 is
3 between 7 and
4 cardiovascular 6 factors
5 risk 6 factors
6 factors 7 and
7 and 9 remodeling
8 vascular 9 remodeling
10 is 14 area
11 a 12 relatively
11 a 14 area
12 relatively 13 new
13 new 14 area
14 area 15 of
15 of 16 investigation

we discuss the various mechanisms by which cardiovascular risk factors cause vascular remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 various 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 by
6 by 7 which
6 by 9 risk
6 by 10 factors
6 by 11 cause
7 which 9 risk
8 cardiovascular 9 risk
10 factors 11 cause
11 cause 13 remodeling
12 vascular 13 remodeling

endothelial dysfunction , lipoprotein alterations , inflammation , and platelet activation are the mechanisms by which remodeling occurs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 endothelial 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 3 ,
3 , 5 alterations
3 , 6 ,
4 lipoprotein 5 alterations
6 , 7 inflammation
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 activation
9 and 12 are
10 platelet 11 activation
12 are 14 mechanisms
13 the 14 mechanisms
14 mechanisms 15 by
15 by 16 which
15 by 17 remodeling
15 by 18 occurs
17 remodeling 18 occurs

plaque composition also plays an important role in directing remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 composition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 plaque 2 composition
2 composition 4 plays
3 also 4 plays
4 plays 7 role
4 plays 8 in
5 an 6 important
5 an 7 role
6 important 7 role
8 in 9 directing
9 directing 10 remodeling

plaque with extensive calcification is more likely to undergo constrictive remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 plaque
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 plaque 2 with
1 plaque 5 is
2 with 4 calcification
3 extensive 4 calcification
5 is 7 likely
6 more 7 likely
7 likely 8 to
7 likely 9 undergo
8 to 9 undergo
9 undergo 11 remodeling
10 constrictive 11 remodeling

positive and negative remodeling is based on how these factors [coordinate] and determine the direction of remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 positive 2 and
2 and 3 negative
2 and 4 remodeling
2 and 17 remodeling
4 remodeling 5 is
5 is 12 and
6 based 7 on
6 based 10 factors
6 based 12 and
7 on 8 how
9 these 10 factors
12 and 13 determine
13 determine 15 direction
14 the 15 direction
15 direction 16 of
16 of 17 remodeling

matrix metalloproteinases perform a crucial role in vascular remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 metalloproteinases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 perform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 matrix 2 metalloproteinases
2 metalloproteinases 3 perform
3 perform 6 role
3 perform 7 in
4 a 5 crucial
4 a 6 role
5 crucial 6 role
7 in 9 remodeling
8 vascular 9 remodeling

advanced glycation end - products are key substances involved in the negative remodeling associated with diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 end
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 advanced 2 glycation
2 glycation 3 end
4 - 5 products
4 - 6 are
5 products 6 are
6 are 8 substances
7 key 8 substances
8 substances 9 involved
9 involved 10 in
9 involved 15 with
10 in 13 remodeling
11 the 13 remodeling
12 negative 13 remodeling
13 remodeling 14 associated
15 with 16 diabetes

remodeling [in] [hypertension] can be either eutrophic or hypertrophic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 remodeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 remodeling 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 8 or
6 either 8 or
7 eutrophic 8 or
8 or 9 hypertrophic

endothelial dysfunction and low - grade inflammation lead to negative remodeling in hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 hypertension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 endothelial 13 hypertension
2 dysfunction 3 and
3 and 8 lead
3 and 9 to
3 and 12 in
3 and 13 hypertension
4 low 5 -
4 low 6 grade
6 grade 8 lead
7 inflammation 8 lead
9 to 10 negative
10 negative 11 remodeling
10 negative 12 in

dyslipidemia can be associated with either positive or negative remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dyslipidemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 dyslipidemia 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 10 remodeling
6 either 8 or
7 positive 8 or
8 or 9 negative
8 or 10 remodeling

high high - density lipoprotein is associated with positive remodeling and high low - density lipoprotein with negative remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lipoprotein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 high 5 lipoprotein
2 high 3 -
2 high 5 lipoprotein
4 density 5 lipoprotein
5 lipoprotein 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 17 with
8 with 16 lipoprotein
9 positive 16 lipoprotein
10 remodeling 11 and
11 and 12 high
11 and 16 lipoprotein
13 low 14 -
13 low 15 density
15 density 16 lipoprotein
17 with 19 remodeling
18 negative 19 remodeling

smoking causes endothelial dysfunction , increased oxidative stress , and decreased nitric oxide synthesis leading to [inward] remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 smoking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 smoking 5 ,
2 causes 4 dysfunction
2 causes 5 ,
3 endothelial 4 dysfunction
5 , 10 and
6 increased 8 stress
6 increased 10 and
7 oxidative 8 stress
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 decreased
11 decreased 14 synthesis
11 decreased 16 to
12 nitric 13 oxide
13 oxide 14 synthesis
14 synthesis 15 leading
16 to 18 remodeling

aging also causes endothelial dysfunction and predisposes to negative remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 aging 2 also
1 aging 6 and
3 causes 5 dysfunction
3 causes 6 and
4 endothelial 5 dysfunction
6 and 7 predisposes
6 and 8 to
8 to 9 negative
9 negative 10 remodeling

knowledge of these associations can elucidate various clinical presentations and guide therapeutic choices in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 knowledge 2 of
1 knowledge 5 can
2 of 4 associations
3 these 4 associations
5 can 10 and
6 elucidate 9 presentations
6 elucidate 10 and
7 various 9 presentations
8 clinical 9 presentations
10 and 11 guide
11 guide 13 choices
11 guide 14 in
12 therapeutic 13 choices
14 in 16 future
15 the 16 future

the loss of skeletal muscle size and function with aging and sarcopenia may be related , [in] part , to an age - related muscle protein synthesis impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
1 the 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 7 and
3 of 6 size
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 size
7 and 8 function
7 and 9 with
7 and 11 and
9 with 10 aging
11 and 12 sarcopenia
11 and 16 ,
13 may 14 be
13 may 16 ,
14 be 15 related
16 , 18 part
16 , 20 to
19 , 20 to
20 to 22 age
20 to 23 -
21 an 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 28 impairment
24 related 29 .
25 muscle 28 impairment
26 protein 28 impairment
27 synthesis 28 impairment

in this review , we discuss to what extent aging affects skeletal muscle protein synthesis and how nutrition and exercise can be used strategically to overcome age - related protein synthesis impairments and slow the progression of sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 19 and
6 discuss 7 to
6 discuss 18 nutrition
6 discuss 19 and
7 to 8 what
8 what 9 extent
8 what 11 affects
9 extent 10 aging
9 extent 11 affects
11 affects 16 and
12 skeletal 15 synthesis
13 muscle 14 protein
14 protein 15 synthesis
15 synthesis 16 and
16 and 17 how
19 and 26 overcome
20 exercise 21 can
21 can 22 be
22 be 23 used
23 used 25 to
24 strategically 25 to
25 to 26 overcome
26 overcome 27 age
28 - 29 related
29 related 30 protein
30 protein 31 synthesis
30 protein 33 and
31 synthesis 33 and
32 impairments 33 and
33 and 34 slow
34 slow 36 progression
35 the 36 progression
36 progression 37 of
37 of 38 sarcopenia

background and aims : many older adults with dementia are hospitalized for diagnoses other than dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 7 adults
4 : 11 hospitalized
4 : 17 .
5 many 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 with
7 adults 10 are
8 with 9 dementia
10 are 11 hospitalized
11 hospitalized 12 for
11 hospitalized 15 than
12 for 13 diagnoses
14 other 15 than
15 than 16 dementia

we aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbid dementia among hospitalized older adults and evaluate its effects on their hospital course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 14 and
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 determine
2 aimed 14 and
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 prevalence
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 8 comorbid
8 comorbid 9 dementia
9 dementia 10 among
10 among 13 adults
11 hospitalized 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 and 15 evaluate
14 and 18 on
15 evaluate 17 effects
16 its 17 effects
18 on 21 course
19 their 21 course
20 hospital 21 course

methods : this retrospective case - control study reviewed the hospital records of all adults aged over 60 years admitted to one tertiary hospital in china from 2002 to 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 admitted
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 case
3 this 5 case
4 retrospective 5 case
6 - 20 admitted
7 control 8 study
8 study 9 reviewed
8 study 12 records
8 study 16 aged
8 study 20 admitted
10 the 12 records
11 hospital 12 records
12 records 13 of
12 records 16 aged
13 of 15 adults
14 all 15 adults
16 aged 17 over
17 over 19 years
18 60 19 years
20 admitted 21 to
20 admitted 25 in
20 admitted 31 .
21 to 24 hospital
22 one 24 hospital
23 tertiary 24 hospital
25 in 26 china
26 china 29 to
27 from 29 to
28 2002 29 to
29 to 30 2012

in total , 34,888 patients meeting the age criterion were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 total
2 total 3 ,
2 total 5 patients
4 34,888 5 patients
5 patients 6 meeting
5 patients 10 were
6 meeting 9 criterion
7 the 9 criterion
8 age 9 criterion
10 were 11 included

patients admitted to departments of pediatrics , obstetrics and gynecology were not included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 patients 2 admitted
1 patients 7 ,
2 admitted 3 to
3 to 4 departments
4 departments 5 of
5 of 6 pediatrics
7 , 8 obstetrics
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 gynecology
9 and 11 were
11 were 12 not
11 were 13 included

demographic , clinical and outcome data from computerized discharge records were collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 demographic 2 ,
2 , 3 clinical
2 , 4 and
4 and 6 data
4 and 7 from
4 and 11 were
5 outcome 6 data
7 from 10 records
8 computerized 9 discharge
9 discharge 10 records
11 were 12 collected

patients diagnosed with dementia at discharge by dsm - iv - tr criteria and mmse scores formed the dementia group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 formed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 patients 2 diagnosed
1 patients 7 by
1 patients 14 and
2 diagnosed 3 with
2 diagnosed 5 at
3 with 4 dementia
5 at 6 discharge
7 by 13 criteria
8 dsm 10 iv
8 dsm 13 criteria
9 - 10 iv
10 iv 11 -
12 tr 13 criteria
14 and 16 scores
14 and 17 formed
15 mmse 16 scores
17 formed 20 group
18 the 20 group
19 dementia 20 group

all other patients were controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 all 2 other
2 other 3 patients
3 patients 4 were
4 were 5 controls

results : a total of 918 patients ( 2.6 % prevalence ) had comorbid dementia , including alzheimer 's disease ( 39.1 % ) and vascular dementia ( 39.4 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 13 had
2 : 32 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 11 prevalence
4 total 13 had
5 of 7 patients
6 918 7 patients
8 ( 11 prevalence
9 2.6 10 %
10 % 11 prevalence
11 prevalence 12 )
13 had 27 dementia
14 comorbid 27 dementia
15 dementia 17 including
15 dementia 25 and
16 , 17 including
17 including 20 disease
17 including 24 )
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease
20 disease 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 39.1 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 and 26 vascular
25 and 27 dementia
27 dementia 30 %
28 ( 30 %
29 39.4 30 %
30 % 31 )

neurologic and respiratory system diseases were the most common main diagnoses for patients with comorbid dementia , who also had a higher percentage of level iii or iv severity of main illness compared to controls and longer hospital stays ( [both] p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 neurologic 2 and
2 and 3 respiratory
2 and 5 diseases
4 system 5 diseases
5 diseases 6 were
6 were 11 diagnoses
7 the 11 diagnoses
8 most 9 common
9 common 10 main
10 main 11 diagnoses
11 diagnoses 12 for
11 diagnoses 14 with
12 for 13 patients
14 with 16 dementia
15 comorbid 16 dementia
16 dementia 18 who
17 , 18 who
18 who 20 had
18 who 45 )
19 also 20 had
20 had 27 or
20 had 34 to
21 a 23 percentage
22 higher 23 percentage
23 percentage 24 of
23 percentage 27 or
24 of 25 level
25 level 26 iii
27 or 29 severity
27 or 30 of
28 iv 29 severity
30 of 32 illness
31 main 32 illness
32 illness 33 compared
34 to 39 stays
35 controls 36 and
36 and 37 longer
36 and 38 hospital
38 hospital 39 stays
39 stays 43 <
40 ( 43 <
42 p 43 <
43 < 44 0.01
43 < 45 )

mortality at discharge included 9.80 % of the dementia group and 8.84 % of controls ( p = 0.312 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 mortality 2 at
1 mortality 4 included
2 at 3 discharge
4 included 13 %
5 9.80 6 %
5 9.80 11 and
6 % 7 of
6 % 10 group
7 of 9 dementia
8 the 9 dementia
11 and 12 8.84
11 and 13 %
13 % 14 of
14 of 15 controls
15 controls 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.312
18 = 20 )

conclusion : comorbid dementia has significant effects on hospital course [of] older adults with various main diagnoses , affecting length of stay [,] severity of illness , and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 dementia
2 : 5 has
3 comorbid 4 dementia
4 dementia 5 has
5 has 28 and
6 significant 7 effects
7 effects 8 on
7 effects 14 with
7 effects 28 and
8 on 13 adults
9 hospital 10 course
10 course 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 with 17 diagnoses
15 various 16 main
16 main 17 diagnoses
17 diagnoses 19 affecting
18 , 19 affecting
19 affecting 20 length
19 affecting 27 ,
20 length 21 of
20 length 25 of
21 of 24 severity
22 stay 24 severity
25 of 26 illness
28 and 29 mortality

objective : to explore the role of working conditions in the association between socioeconomic position and health after retirement age using over 20 years follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 9 conditions
3 to 4 explore
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
6 role 9 conditions
7 of 8 working
9 conditions 10 in
9 conditions 13 between
9 conditions 18 after
9 conditions 20 age
9 conditions 21 using
10 in 12 association
11 the 12 association
13 between 16 and
14 socioeconomic 15 position
15 position 16 and
16 and 17 health
18 after 19 retirement
21 using 23 20
22 over 23 20
23 20 24 years
23 20 25 follow
24 years 25 follow
26 - 27 up
26 - 28 .

method : two swedish nationally representative level of living surveys ( [total] n = 1,131 ) were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 level
2 : 17 were
2 : 19 .
3 two 7 level
4 swedish 7 level
5 nationally 6 representative
6 representative 7 level
7 level 8 of
7 level 14 =
7 level 17 were
8 of 10 surveys
9 living 10 surveys
11 ( 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 1,131
14 = 16 )
17 were 18 used

ordered logistic regression was used to assess the association between socioeconomic position and health ( self [-] rated health , psychological distress , musculoskeletal pain , circulatory problems , physical and cognitive impairment ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 ordered 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 10 between
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 9 association
8 the 9 association
10 between 13 and
11 socioeconomic 12 position
12 position 13 and
13 and 14 health
13 and 19 health
13 and 22 distress
13 and 25 pain
15 ( 19 health
16 self 18 rated
18 rated 19 health
19 health 20 ,
20 , 22 distress
21 psychological 22 distress
22 distress 23 ,
23 , 25 pain
24 musculoskeletal 25 pain
25 pain 28 problems
25 pain 33 impairment
25 pain 34 )
26 , 28 problems
27 circulatory 28 problems
28 problems 29 ,
29 , 33 impairment
30 physical 31 and
31 and 32 cognitive
31 and 33 impairment
33 impairment 34 )

the role of physical and psychological working conditions was also assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 9 was
3 of 8 conditions
4 physical 5 and
5 and 6 psychological
5 and 8 conditions
7 working 8 conditions
9 was 11 assessed
10 also 11 assessed

results : lower socioeconomic position was associated with more adverse physical , but not psychological , working conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 position
2 : 12 ,
2 : 19 .
3 lower 5 position
4 socioeconomic 5 position
5 position 12 ,
6 was 7 associated
6 was 12 ,
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 11 physical
8 with 9 more
8 with 10 adverse
12 , 14 not
13 but 14 not
14 not 18 conditions
15 psychological 16 ,
15 psychological 18 conditions
17 working 18 conditions

physical working conditions partially explained the differences in physical impairment and musculoskeletal pain in old age attributed [to] socioeconomic position , but not differences in self [-] rated health , circulatory problems , psychological distress , and cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 physical 2 working
1 physical 5 explained
2 working 3 conditions
2 working 4 partially
5 explained 11 and
5 explained 17 attributed
6 the 7 differences
7 differences 8 in
7 differences 11 and
8 in 10 impairment
9 physical 10 impairment
11 and 13 pain
11 and 17 attributed
12 musculoskeletal 13 pain
13 pain 14 in
14 in 16 age
15 old 16 age
17 attributed 22 but
17 attributed 25 in
19 socioeconomic 20 position
20 position 22 but
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 not
22 but 24 differences
25 in 37 and
26 self 28 rated
28 rated 29 health
29 health 30 ,
30 , 32 problems
30 , 33 ,
31 circulatory 32 problems
33 , 35 distress
33 , 37 and
34 psychological 35 distress
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 impairment
38 cognitive 39 impairment

socioeconomic position was [a] stronger [correlate] [of] health than psychological working conditions alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 position
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 socioeconomic 2 position
2 position 3 was
3 was 8 health
3 was 9 than
3 was 13 alone
5 stronger 8 health
9 than 12 conditions
10 psychological 12 conditions
11 working 12 conditions

discussion : improving physical working conditions may be important for reducing the influence of socioeconomic position [on] health after retirement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 conditions
2 : 8 be
2 : 21 .
3 improving 6 conditions
4 physical 6 conditions
5 working 6 conditions
6 conditions 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 important
9 important 10 for
9 important 19 after
10 for 11 reducing
11 reducing 13 influence
12 the 13 influence
13 influence 14 of
14 of 18 health
15 socioeconomic 16 position
16 position 18 health
19 after 20 retirement

objective : to estimate the health impact , in terms of depression , self - rated health , and health services utilization , of providing care to older adults ( 75+ ) requiring human assistance in at least one activity of daily living ( adl ) [limitation] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 estimate
2 : 13 ,
2 : 48 .
3 to 4 estimate
4 estimate 7 impact
5 the 7 impact
6 health 7 impact
7 impact 9 in
8 , 9 in
9 in 10 terms
9 in 13 ,
10 terms 11 of
11 of 12 depression
13 , 14 self
13 , 15 -
15 - 17 health
15 - 19 and
16 rated 17 health
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 health
19 and 21 services
20 health 21 services
21 services 22 utilization
22 utilization 24 of
23 , 24 of
24 of 25 providing
24 of 46 )
25 providing 26 care
26 care 27 to
26 care 33 requiring
27 to 29 adults
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 31 75+
30 ( 31 75+
31 75+ 32 )
33 requiring 35 assistance
34 human 35 assistance
35 assistance 36 in
35 assistance 41 of
36 in 40 activity
37 at 38 least
38 least 39 one
39 one 40 activity
41 of 43 living
42 daily 43 living
43 living 45 adl
44 ( 45 adl
45 adl 46 )

method : data from 1,077 caregivers and 318 noncaregivers , interviewed in the singapore survey on informal caregiving , was used to examine differences in depressive symptoms , self - rated health , and number of outpatient visits in the last 1 month between caregivers and noncaregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 7 and
2 : 10 ,
3 data 4 from
3 data 7 and
4 from 6 caregivers
5 1,077 6 caregivers
7 and 9 noncaregivers
8 318 9 noncaregivers
10 , 19 ,
10 , 28 ,
11 interviewed 12 in
11 interviewed 16 on
11 interviewed 19 ,
12 in 15 survey
13 the 15 survey
14 singapore 15 survey
16 on 18 caregiving
17 informal 18 caregiving
19 , 20 was
20 was 21 used
21 used 22 to
21 used 23 examine
22 to 23 examine
23 examine 24 differences
24 differences 25 in
25 in 27 symptoms
26 depressive 27 symptoms
28 , 29 self
28 , 30 -
30 - 34 and
31 rated 32 health
32 health 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 number
34 and 36 of
36 of 38 visits
37 outpatient 38 visits
38 visits 39 in
38 visits 44 between
39 in 43 month
40 the 41 last
40 the 42 1
42 1 43 month
44 between 46 and
45 caregivers 46 and
46 and 47 noncaregivers

multivariate models for the outcomes , adjusting for characteristics of the caregiver/noncaregiver and care - recipient/potential care recipient , were run . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 run
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 multivariate 2 models
2 models 3 for
2 models 20 were
3 for 5 outcomes
4 the 5 outcomes
5 outcomes 7 adjusting
6 , 7 adjusting
7 adjusting 8 for
7 adjusting 19 ,
8 for 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 10 of
10 of 18 recipient
11 the 18 recipient
12 caregiver/noncaregiver 13 and
13 and 14 care
13 and 15 -
13 and 18 recipient
16 recipient/potential 17 care
17 care 18 recipient
20 were 21 run

results : caregivers were more depressed , had poorer [self] - rated health , and had a higher rate of outpatient visits in the past month compared to noncaregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 caregivers
2 : 7 ,
3 caregivers 7 ,
4 were 6 depressed
4 were 7 ,
5 more 6 depressed
7 , 15 and
8 had 13 health
8 had 15 and
9 poorer 11 -
9 poorer 13 health
12 rated 13 health
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 had
16 had 19 rate
16 had 23 in
17 a 19 rate
18 higher 19 rate
19 rate 20 of
20 of 22 visits
21 outpatient 22 visits
23 in 26 month
24 the 25 past
24 the 26 month
26 month 27 compared
27 compared 28 to
28 to 29 noncaregivers

discussion : the study indicates the need for support services to family caregivers of older adults with adl limitations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 indicates
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 indicates
5 indicates 7 need
5 indicates 11 to
5 indicates 17 with
6 the 7 need
7 need 8 for
8 for 10 services
9 support 10 services
11 to 13 caregivers
12 family 13 caregivers
13 caregivers 14 of
14 of 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 with 19 limitations
18 adl 19 limitations

objective : this study used data for 1996 - 2010 from a u.s . longitudinal [sample] of elderly individuals from the health and retirement study ( hrs ) merged with medicare claims data to assess changes in several dimensions of physical functioning and general health up to 68 months following total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) receipt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 6 data
2 : 7 for
3 this 6 data
4 study 5 used
5 used 6 data
7 for 9 -
8 1996 9 -
9 - 10 2010
9 - 11 from
11 from 13 u.s
12 a 13 u.s
14 . 23 and
14 . 29 merged
14 . 58 .
15 longitudinal 17 of
15 longitudinal 23 and
17 of 19 individuals
18 elderly 19 individuals
19 individuals 20 from
20 from 22 health
21 the 22 health
23 and 27 hrs
23 and 28 )
23 and 29 merged
24 retirement 25 study
25 study 27 hrs
26 ( 27 hrs
29 merged 30 with
29 merged 36 changes
30 with 31 medicare
30 with 33 data
32 claims 33 data
33 data 34 to
33 data 35 assess
34 to 35 assess
36 changes 37 in
36 changes 39 dimensions
36 changes 46 up
37 in 38 several
39 dimensions 40 of
39 dimensions 46 up
40 of 45 health
41 physical 45 health
42 functioning 43 and
43 and 44 general
43 and 45 health
46 up 47 to
47 to 48 68
48 68 49 months
48 68 57 receipt
49 months 50 following
49 months 57 receipt
50 following 53 arthroplasty
51 total 53 arthroplasty
52 knee 53 arthroplasty
53 arthroplasty 55 tka
54 ( 55 tka
55 tka 56 )

method : using propensity score matching , we assessed outcomes at [follow] - up for medicare beneficiaries receiving tka and a comparable group of beneficiaries with the same osteoarthritis diagnoses ( controls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 6 matching
3 using 5 score
4 propensity 5 score
5 score 6 matching
7 , 8 we
7 , 9 assessed
8 we 9 assessed
9 assessed 20 and
9 assessed 26 with
10 outcomes 11 at
10 outcomes 15 for
10 outcomes 18 receiving
10 outcomes 20 and
11 at 14 up
13 - 14 up
15 for 17 beneficiaries
16 medicare 17 beneficiaries
18 receiving 19 tka
20 and 23 group
21 a 22 comparable
21 a 23 group
22 comparable 23 group
23 group 24 of
24 of 25 beneficiaries
26 with 30 diagnoses
27 the 28 same
27 the 30 diagnoses
29 osteoarthritis 30 diagnoses
30 diagnoses 32 controls
31 ( 32 controls
32 controls 33 )

results : receipt of tka was most often associated with improvements in physical functioning , especially in physical functioning measures most directly related to the knee . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 receipt
2 : 6 was
2 : 15 ,
2 : 27 .
3 receipt 4 of
3 receipt 6 was
4 of 5 tka
6 was 7 most
7 most 9 associated
8 often 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 12 in
10 with 11 improvements
12 in 14 functioning
13 physical 14 functioning
15 , 21 most
15 , 23 related
16 especially 21 most
17 in 20 measures
17 in 21 most
18 physical 20 measures
19 functioning 20 measures
21 most 23 related
22 directly 23 related
23 related 24 to
24 to 26 knee
25 the 26 knee

general health of tka recipients only improved relative to controls on 1 of the 3 study general health measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 general 2 health
2 health 3 of
2 health 7 improved
3 of 5 recipients
4 tka 5 recipients
6 only 7 improved
7 improved 8 relative
8 relative 9 to
9 to 10 controls
10 controls 11 on
10 controls 13 of
11 on 12 1
13 of 19 measures
14 the 15 3
15 3 19 measures
16 study 19 measures
17 general 19 measures
18 health 19 measures

discussion : improvements in physical functioning of tka recipients persisted in this longer term analysis of [outcome] in a nationally representative population study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 3 improvements
2 : 4 in
2 : 18 in
4 in 6 functioning
5 physical 6 functioning
6 functioning 7 of
6 functioning 9 recipients
6 functioning 16 of
7 of 8 tka
9 recipients 10 persisted
10 persisted 11 in
11 in 15 analysis
12 this 15 analysis
13 longer 14 term
14 term 15 analysis
15 analysis 16 of
18 in 23 study
19 a 23 study
20 nationally 21 representative
21 representative 22 population
22 population 23 study

background : abnormal atrial repolarization is important in the development of atrial fibrillation ( af ) , but no direct measurement is available in clinical medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 repolarization
2 : 6 is
2 : 18 but
2 : 27 .
3 abnormal 5 repolarization
4 atrial 5 repolarization
5 repolarization 6 is
6 is 7 important
7 important 8 in
8 in 10 development
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
11 of 13 fibrillation
12 atrial 13 fibrillation
13 fibrillation 15 af
14 ( 15 af
15 af 16 )
17 , 18 but
18 but 21 measurement
18 but 22 is
19 no 21 measurement
20 direct 21 measurement
21 measurement 22 is
22 is 23 available
23 available 24 in
24 in 26 medicine
25 clinical 26 medicine

objective : to determine whether the qt interval , a marker of [ventricular] repolarization , could be used to predict incident af . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 23 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
5 whether 8 interval
5 whether 18 used
6 the 8 interval
7 qt 8 interval
8 interval 11 marker
8 interval 16 could
9 , 11 marker
10 a 11 marker
11 marker 12 of
11 marker 15 ,
12 of 14 repolarization
16 could 17 be
17 be 18 used
18 used 19 to
18 used 20 predict
19 to 20 predict
20 predict 22 af
21 incident 22 af

methods : we examined a prolonged qt interval corrected by using the framingham formula ( qt ( fram ) ) as a predictor of incident af in the atherosclerosis risk in communities ( aric ) study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 8 interval
4 examined 9 corrected
5 a 8 interval
6 prolonged 8 interval
7 qt 8 interval
8 interval 9 corrected
9 corrected 10 by
9 corrected 21 as
10 by 11 using
11 using 14 formula
12 the 14 formula
13 framingham 14 formula
14 formula 16 qt
15 ( 16 qt
16 qt 18 fram
16 qt 20 )
17 ( 18 fram
18 fram 19 )
21 as 23 predictor
22 a 23 predictor
23 predictor 24 of
24 of 36 study
25 incident 36 study
26 af 27 in
26 af 36 study
27 in 30 risk
28 the 30 risk
29 atherosclerosis 30 risk
30 risk 31 in
31 in 34 aric
32 communities 34 aric
33 ( 34 aric
34 aric 35 )

the cardiovascular health study ( chs ) and health , aging , and body composition ( abc ) study were used for validation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 6 chs
2 cardiovascular 3 health
3 health 4 study
4 study 6 chs
5 ( 6 chs
6 chs 7 )
6 chs 8 and
8 and 9 health
8 and 10 ,
10 , 11 aging
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 19 study
13 and 20 were
14 body 15 composition
15 composition 17 abc
16 ( 17 abc
17 abc 18 )
17 abc 19 study
20 were 21 used
21 used 22 for
22 for 23 validation

secondary predictors included qt duration as a continuous variable , a short qt interval , and qt intervals corrected by using other formulas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 secondary 2 predictors
2 predictors 3 included
3 included 5 duration
3 included 6 as
3 included 20 by
4 qt 5 duration
6 as 16 and
7 a 9 variable
8 continuous 9 variable
9 variable 10 ,
10 , 14 interval
10 , 16 and
11 a 14 interval
12 short 14 interval
13 qt 14 interval
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 intervals
16 and 19 corrected
17 qt 18 intervals
20 by 21 using
21 using 23 formulas
22 other 23 formulas

results : among 14,538 aric study participants , a prolonged qt ( fram ) predicted [a] roughly 2 - fold increased risk of af ( hazard [ratio] [ hr ] 2.05 [;] 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] 1.42 - 2.96 ; p < . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 )(
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 among
3 among 5 aric
4 14,538 5 aric
5 aric 7 participants
5 aric 15 predicted
6 study 7 participants
7 participants 11 qt
7 participants 15 predicted
8 , 11 qt
9 a 11 qt
10 prolonged 11 qt
11 qt 13 fram
11 qt 14 )
12 ( 13 fram
13 fram 14 )
15 predicted 18 2
17 roughly 18 2
19 - 20 fold
19 - 43 ;
19 - 45 <
19 - 46 .
20 fold 22 risk
20 fold 41 -
21 increased 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
22 risk 38 ci
23 of 35 confidence
24 af 26 hazard
24 af 35 confidence
25 ( 26 hazard
26 hazard 29 hr
26 hazard 30 ]
28 [ 29 hr
29 hr 30 ]
31 2.05 35 confidence
33 95 34 %
34 % 35 confidence
37 [ 38 ci
38 ci 39 ]
40 1.42 41 -
41 - 42 2.96
43 ; 44 p
44 p 45 <
46 . 47 001

no substantive attenuation was observed after adjustment for age , race , sex , study center , body mass index , hypertension , diabetes , coronary disease , and heart failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 attenuation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 no 3 attenuation
2 substantive 3 attenuation
3 attenuation 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 after
6 after 7 adjustment
7 adjustment 8 for
8 for 9 age
10 , 29 and
11 race 12 ,
12 , 13 sex
12 , 14 ,
14 , 16 center
14 , 17 ,
15 study 16 center
17 , 20 index
17 , 21 ,
18 body 20 index
19 mass 20 index
21 , 22 hypertension
21 , 23 ,
23 , 24 diabetes
23 , 25 ,
25 , 27 disease
25 , 29 and
26 coronary 27 disease
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 failure
30 heart 31 failure

the findings were validated in cardiovascular health study and health , aging , and body composition study and were similar across various qt correction methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 were
3 were 4 validated
4 validated 5 in
5 in 9 and
6 cardiovascular 7 health
7 health 8 study
8 study 9 and
9 and 10 health
11 , 14 and
11 , 18 and
12 aging 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 composition
14 and 18 and
15 body 16 composition
17 study 18 and
18 and 19 were
19 were 20 similar
20 similar 21 across
21 across 25 methods
22 various 25 methods
23 qt 25 methods
24 correction 25 methods

also in the aric study , each 10 [-] [m] s increase in qt ( fram ) was associated with an increased unadjusted [(] hr 1.14 [;] 95 % ci 1.10 - 1.17 [;] p < [.] 001 ) [and] adjusted ( hr 1.11 [;] 95 % ci 1.07 - 1.14 [;] p < [.] 001 [ )(risk of af . 
1 also 12 increase
2 in 5 study
2 in 6 ,
2 in 12 increase
3 the 5 study
4 aric 5 study
7 each 12 increase
8 10 11 s
11 s 12 increase
12 increase 13 in
12 increase 18 was
13 in 14 qt
14 qt 16 fram
15 ( 16 fram
16 fram 17 )
18 was 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 25 hr
20 with 29 %
21 an 25 hr
22 increased 25 hr
23 unadjusted 25 hr
25 hr 26 1.14
28 95 29 %
29 % 30 ci
29 % 41 adjusted
30 ci 36 <
30 ci 41 adjusted
31 1.10 32 -
32 - 33 1.17
32 - 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 38 001
36 < 39 )
41 adjusted 50 -
42 ( 50 -
43 hr 44 1.11
43 hr 48 ci
46 95 48 ci
47 % 48 ci
48 ci 49 1.07
48 ci 50 -
50 - 51 1.14
50 - 61 .
51 1.14 54 <
53 p 54 <
54 < 58 )(risk
56 001 58 )(risk
58 )(risk 59 of
59 of 60 af

findings regarding a short qt interval were inconsistent across cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 findings 2 regarding
1 findings 7 were
2 regarding 6 interval
3 a 6 interval
4 short 6 interval
5 qt 6 interval
7 were 8 inconsistent
8 inconsistent 9 across
9 across 10 cohorts

conclusions : a prolonged qt interval is associated with an increased risk of incident af . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 interval
2 : 8 associated
2 : 16 .
3 a 6 interval
4 prolonged 6 interval
5 qt 6 interval
6 interval 7 is
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 12 risk
10 an 12 risk
11 increased 12 risk
12 risk 13 of
13 of 15 af
14 incident 15 af

background : being able to identify individuals at high risk of dementia is important for diagnostics and intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 being
2 : 13 is
3 being 4 able
3 being 13 is
4 able 5 to
4 able 6 identify
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 7 individuals
6 identify 8 at
8 at 10 risk
9 high 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
11 of 12 dementia
13 is 14 important
14 important 15 for
15 for 17 and
16 diagnostics 17 and
17 and 18 intervention

currently , there is no standard approach to assessing cognitive function [in] older aged individuals to best predict incident dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 currently 2 ,
1 currently 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 approach
4 is 8 to
5 no 7 approach
6 standard 7 approach
8 to 9 assessing
9 assessing 15 individuals
9 assessing 16 to
10 cognitive 11 function
11 function 15 individuals
13 older 15 individuals
14 aged 15 individuals
16 to 18 predict
17 best 18 predict
18 predict 20 dementia
19 incident 20 dementia

objective : to identify cognitive changes associated with an increased risk of 2 - year incident dementia using the cambridge cognitive examination ( camcog ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 6 changes
4 identify 8 with
5 cognitive 6 changes
6 changes 7 associated
8 with 11 risk
9 an 11 risk
10 increased 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 13 2
13 2 17 dementia
14 - 17 dementia
15 year 17 dementia
16 incident 17 dementia
17 dementia 18 using
17 dementia 25 )
18 using 24 camcog
19 the 24 camcog
20 cambridge 21 cognitive
21 cognitive 22 examination
22 examination 24 camcog
23 ( 24 camcog

design : longitudinal population representative sample aged 65+ years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 9 years
3 longitudinal 4 population
4 population 9 years
5 representative 6 sample
6 sample 9 years
7 aged 8 65+
8 65+ 9 years

methods : individuals were from the medical research council cognitive function and ageing study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 4 were
2 : 15 .
3 individuals 4 were
4 were 5 from
5 from 12 and
6 the 11 function
7 medical 8 research
8 research 9 council
9 council 10 cognitive
10 cognitive 11 function
11 function 12 and
12 and 14 study
13 ageing 14 study

classification and regression tree analysis was used to detect the optimal cut - off value for the camcog total , subscales and composite memory and [non] - memory scores , for predicting dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
1 classification 2 and
2 and 4 tree
2 and 5 analysis
2 and 9 detect
2 and 14 off
3 regression 4 tree
5 analysis 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 detect
8 to 9 detect
9 detect 12 cut
10 the 12 cut
11 optimal 12 cut
13 - 14 off
14 off 15 value
14 off 20 ,
15 value 16 for
16 for 19 total
17 the 19 total
18 camcog 19 total
20 , 22 and
20 , 25 and
21 subscales 22 and
22 and 24 memory
23 composite 24 memory
25 and 27 -
25 and 28 memory
25 and 29 scores
28 memory 29 scores
29 scores 31 for
30 , 31 for
31 for 32 predicting
31 for 34 .
32 predicting 33 dementia

sensitivity and specificity of each cut [-] off [score] were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 sensitivity 2 and
2 and 3 specificity
2 and 4 of
2 and 10 were
4 of 5 each
5 each 6 cut
6 cut 8 off
10 were 11 assessed

results : from the 2,053 individuals without dementia at the first assessment , 137 developed dementia at the 2 - [year] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 from
2 : 7 without
3 from 6 individuals
4 the 5 2,053
5 2,053 6 individuals
7 without 8 dementia
8 dementia 9 at
8 dementia 14 137
9 at 12 assessment
10 the 11 first
10 the 12 assessment
13 , 14 137
14 137 15 developed
14 137 16 dementia
14 137 20 -
16 dementia 17 at
17 at 19 2
18 the 19 2
20 - 22 follow
20 - 23 -
20 - 25 .
23 - 24 up

the results indicate similar discriminative accuracy for incident dementia based on the camcog total , memory subscale and composite scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 6 accuracy
3 indicate 11 on
4 similar 6 accuracy
5 discriminative 6 accuracy
6 accuracy 7 for
6 accuracy 10 based
7 for 9 dementia
8 incident 9 dementia
11 on 18 and
12 the 17 subscale
13 camcog 17 subscale
14 total 15 ,
14 total 16 memory
16 memory 17 subscale
17 subscale 18 and
18 and 20 scores
19 composite 20 scores

however , sensitivity and specificity [of] cut - off values were generally moderate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 and
3 sensitivity 4 and
4 and 7 cut
4 and 8 -
4 and 9 off
4 and 11 were
5 specificity 7 cut
9 off 10 values
11 were 12 generally
11 were 13 moderate

scores on the [non] [-] memory subscales generally had high sensitivity but low specificity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 scores 2 on
1 scores 12 but
2 on 7 subscales
3 the 7 subscales
6 memory 7 subscales
8 generally 9 had
9 had 11 sensitivity
9 had 12 but
10 high 11 sensitivity
12 but 13 low
13 low 14 specificity

[compared] with the camcog total score they had significantly lower discriminative accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 with 6 score
2 with 7 they
3 the 6 score
4 camcog 6 score
5 total 6 score
7 they 8 had
8 had 12 accuracy
9 significantly 10 lower
10 lower 12 accuracy
11 discriminative 12 accuracy

conclusion : in a population setting , cut - off scores from the camcog memory subscales predicted dementia with reasonable accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 10 off
3 in 5 population
4 a 5 population
5 population 6 setting
5 population 8 cut
7 , 8 cut
8 cut 9 -
10 off 11 scores
11 scores 12 from
11 scores 17 predicted
11 scores 18 dementia
12 from 16 subscales
13 the 16 subscales
14 camcog 15 memory
15 memory 16 subscales
18 dementia 19 with
19 with 21 accuracy
20 reasonable 21 accuracy

scores on the [non] [-] memory scales have lower accuracy [and] are not recommend for predicting high - risk cases unless all [non] [-] memory subdomain scores are combined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 recommend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 scores 2 on
1 scores 12 are
2 on 6 memory
3 the 6 memory
6 memory 7 scales
6 memory 8 have
7 scales 8 have
8 have 9 lower
9 lower 10 accuracy
12 are 13 not
12 are 14 recommend
14 recommend 15 for
14 recommend 20 cases
14 recommend 21 unless
15 for 16 predicting
16 predicting 19 risk
17 high 18 -
17 high 19 risk
21 unless 27 scores
21 unless 29 combined
22 all 27 scores
25 memory 27 scores
26 subdomain 27 scores
27 scores 28 are
28 are 29 combined

the added value of cognition when assessed using the camcog to other risk factors ( e.g [.] health and genetics ) should be tested within a risk prediction framework . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 value
2 added 3 value
3 value 4 of
3 value 23 be
4 of 5 cognition
5 cognition 6 when
6 when 8 using
6 when 22 should
7 assessed 8 using
8 using 10 camcog
8 using 14 factors
8 using 19 and
8 using 22 should
9 the 10 camcog
10 camcog 11 to
10 camcog 14 factors
11 to 13 risk
12 other 13 risk
15 ( 19 and
16 e.g 18 health
18 health 19 and
19 and 20 genetics
19 and 21 )
23 be 24 tested
24 tested 25 within
25 within 29 framework
26 a 29 framework
27 risk 29 framework
28 prediction 29 framework

long - lasting type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) are both associated with impaired cognitive function in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 long 2 -
1 long 6 and
3 lasting 4 type
4 type 5 1
4 type 6 and
6 and 7 type
6 and 10 mellitus
6 and 17 with
6 and 18 impaired
6 and 20 function
7 type 8 2
9 diabetes 10 mellitus
10 mellitus 12 dm
10 mellitus 14 are
11 ( 12 dm
12 dm 13 )
14 are 15 both
15 both 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
18 impaired 19 cognitive
20 function 21 in
21 in 22 humans

animal models of dm have confirmed the detrimental effect of high blood glucose levels on learning and memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 animal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 animal 2 models
1 animal 5 have
1 animal 6 confirmed
2 models 3 of
2 models 5 have
3 of 4 dm
6 confirmed 17 and
7 the 9 effect
8 detrimental 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
9 effect 17 and
10 of 14 levels
11 high 13 glucose
12 blood 13 glucose
13 glucose 14 levels
14 levels 15 on
15 on 16 learning
17 and 18 memory

[what] are the neural [correlates] of such impaired cognition ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ?
2 are 4 neural
2 are 6 of
3 the 4 neural
6 of 9 cognition
7 such 9 cognition
8 impaired 9 cognition

it is widely , [although] not universally , believed that long - lasting increase and decrease in synaptic strength , known as long - term potentiation ( ltp [ )(and [depression] ( ltd ) , provide an important key to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which memories are formed and stored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 widely
2 is 7 universally
2 is 9 believed
4 , 6 not
4 , 7 universally
7 universally 8 ,
8 , 9 believed
9 believed 11 long
10 that 11 long
12 - 15 and
12 - 24 -
13 lasting 14 increase
14 increase 15 and
15 and 16 decrease
15 and 17 in
15 and 21 known
17 in 19 strength
18 synaptic 19 strength
20 , 21 known
21 known 23 long
21 known 24 -
22 as 23 long
24 - 35 ,
25 term 26 potentiation
25 term 35 ,
26 potentiation 33 ltd
27 ( 33 ltd
28 ltp 30 )(and
30 )(and 33 ltd
32 ( 33 ltd
33 ltd 34 )
35 , 36 provide
36 provide 39 key
36 provide 40 to
37 an 38 important
37 an 39 key
38 important 39 key
40 to 41 understanding
41 understanding 44 and
42 the 44 and
43 cellular 44 and
44 and 46 mechanisms
44 and 54 .
45 molecular 46 mechanisms
46 mechanisms 47 by
46 mechanisms 52 and
47 by 48 which
47 by 49 memories
47 by 50 are
49 memories 50 are
51 formed 52 and
52 and 53 stored

the majority of animal studies that examined the effect of dm [on] ltd and ltp used the streptozotocin ( stz [ )(rodent model [of] type 1 [dm] , with the exception of a few that used genetic models of type 2 dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 10 of
2 majority 14 and
3 of 5 studies
4 animal 5 studies
5 studies 6 that
5 studies 7 examined
6 that 7 examined
7 examined 9 effect
8 the 9 effect
10 of 13 ltd
11 dm 13 ltd
14 and 15 ltp
14 and 16 used
16 used 18 streptozotocin
16 used 29 with
17 the 18 streptozotocin
18 streptozotocin 25 type
19 ( 25 type
20 stz 22 )(rodent
22 )(rodent 23 model
23 model 25 type
25 type 26 1
25 type 28 ,
29 with 31 exception
30 the 31 exception
31 exception 32 of
32 of 38 models
33 a 34 few
34 few 38 models
35 that 36 used
36 used 38 models
37 genetic 38 models
38 models 39 of
39 of 42 dm
40 type 42 dm
41 2 42 dm

studies in stz - dm rodents show that cellular processes underlying synapse strengthening or weakening are not altered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 studies 2 in
1 studies 6 rodents
1 studies 12 synapse
1 studies 16 are
2 in 5 dm
3 stz 5 dm
4 - 5 dm
6 rodents 7 show
7 show 11 underlying
7 show 12 synapse
8 that 11 underlying
9 cellular 10 processes
10 processes 11 underlying
12 synapse 14 or
13 strengthening 14 or
14 or 15 weakening
16 are 17 not
16 are 18 altered

rather , the capacity for ltp induction is reduced whereas that for [ltd] induction is enhanced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 rather 2 ,
1 rather 4 capacity
3 the 4 capacity
4 capacity 5 for
4 capacity 8 is
5 for 7 induction
6 ltp 7 induction
8 is 9 reduced
9 reduced 10 whereas
10 whereas 11 that
10 whereas 16 enhanced
11 that 12 for
11 that 15 is
12 for 14 induction
15 is 16 enhanced

the mechanisms underlying dm - related changes [in] ltd and ltp inductions are still unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 underlying
2 mechanisms 13 are
3 underlying 12 inductions
4 dm 9 ltd
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 changes
6 related 9 ltd
9 ltd 10 and
10 and 11 ltp
11 ltp 12 inductions
13 are 14 still
13 are 15 unknown
14 still 15 unknown

however , [that] the levels of effective postsynaptic depolarization for [ltd] [and] ltp inductions are concomitantly shifted in opposite directions put constraints on them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 put
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 levels
4 the 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 21 put
6 of 9 depolarization
7 effective 9 depolarization
8 postsynaptic 9 depolarization
9 depolarization 10 for
9 depolarization 17 shifted
10 for 13 ltp
13 ltp 14 inductions
13 ltp 15 are
14 inductions 15 are
16 concomitantly 17 shifted
17 shifted 18 in
18 in 20 directions
19 opposite 20 directions
21 put 22 constraints
21 put 23 on
23 on 24 them

moreover , that dm [-] , metaplasticity - , stress - and ageing - related changes in [ltd] and ltp inductions exhibit the very same phenomenology suggests that they might involve common mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 dm
3 that 4 dm
4 dm 7 metaplasticity
4 dm 16 changes
6 , 7 metaplasticity
7 metaplasticity 8 -
9 , 15 related
10 stress 12 and
11 - 12 and
12 and 13 ageing
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 related
15 related 16 changes
16 changes 17 in
19 and 20 ltp
19 and 27 suggests
20 ltp 21 inductions
20 ltp 22 exhibit
20 ltp 27 suggests
21 inductions 22 exhibit
22 exhibit 26 phenomenology
23 the 24 very
23 the 25 same
23 the 26 phenomenology
27 suggests 28 that
28 that 29 they
28 that 31 involve
29 they 30 might
30 might 31 involve
31 involve 33 mechanisms
32 common 33 mechanisms

dissecting out the mechanisms responsible for dm - related changes in the capacity [for] ltd and ltp inductions is helping to improve treatment [of] impaired cognitive function in dm patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dissecting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 dissecting 2 out
1 dissecting 18 inductions
1 dissecting 19 is
2 out 16 and
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 responsible
4 mechanisms 16 and
5 responsible 6 for
6 for 15 ltd
7 dm 15 ltd
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 changes
9 related 11 in
9 related 15 ltd
11 in 13 capacity
12 the 13 capacity
16 and 17 ltp
19 is 20 helping
20 helping 21 to
20 helping 27 function
21 to 22 improve
22 improve 23 treatment
23 treatment 25 impaired
25 impaired 26 cognitive
27 function 28 in
28 in 30 patients
29 dm 30 patients

recently it has become clear that conditions of insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome [,] obesity and diabetes , are linked with moderate cognitive impairment in normal aging and elevated risk of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 recently 2 it
2 it 3 has
3 has 4 become
4 become 5 clear
5 clear 6 that
6 that 7 conditions
6 that 20 moderate
7 conditions 8 of
7 conditions 20 moderate
8 of 9 insulin
9 insulin 14 and
9 insulin 19 with
10 resistance/metabolic 11 syndrome
11 syndrome 13 obesity
13 obesity 14 and
14 and 15 diabetes
14 and 16 ,
14 and 17 are
17 are 18 linked
18 linked 19 with
20 moderate 22 impairment
20 moderate 23 in
21 cognitive 22 impairment
23 in 26 and
24 normal 25 aging
24 normal 26 and
26 and 28 risk
27 elevated 28 risk
28 risk 29 of
29 of 32 disease
30 alzheimer 31 's
31 's 32 disease

it appears that a common feature of these conditions is impaired insulin signaling , affecting the brain as well as peripheral target tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 appears
1 it 2 appears
2 appears 3 that
3 that 6 feature
3 that 10 is
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 feature
5 common 6 feature
6 feature 7 of
6 feature 10 is
7 of 9 conditions
8 these 9 conditions
10 is 12 insulin
11 impaired 12 insulin
12 insulin 13 signaling
12 insulin 15 affecting
14 , 15 affecting
15 affecting 17 brain
15 affecting 24 .
16 the 17 brain
17 brain 20 as
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 23 tissues
21 peripheral 22 target
22 target 23 tissues

a number of studies have documented that insulin directly affects brain processes and that reduced insulin signaling results in impaired learning and memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 4 studies
3 of 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 documented
6 documented 7 that
7 that 8 insulin
7 that 10 affects
8 insulin 10 affects
9 directly 10 affects
10 affects 12 processes
11 brain 12 processes
13 and 14 that
13 and 15 reduced
14 that 15 reduced
15 reduced 16 insulin
16 insulin 17 signaling
17 signaling 18 results
17 signaling 19 in
19 in 22 and
20 impaired 21 learning
21 learning 22 and
22 and 23 memory

several studies have also shown that diabetes induces ca ( 2+ ) dysregulation in neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 5 shown
4 also 5 shown
5 shown 6 that
6 that 7 diabetes
6 that 8 induces
7 diabetes 8 induces
8 induces 9 ca
9 ca 13 dysregulation
10 ( 13 dysregulation
11 2+ 12 )
11 2+ 13 dysregulation
13 dysregulation 14 in
13 dysregulation 16 .
14 in 15 neurons

because brain aging is associated with substantial ca ( 2+ ) dyshomeostasis , it has been proposed that impaired insulin signaling exacerbates or accelerates aging - related ca ( 2+ ) dyshomeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 because 2 brain
1 because 5 associated
1 because 13 ,
1 because 14 it
2 brain 3 aging
2 brain 4 is
2 brain 5 associated
3 aging 4 is
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 ca
7 substantial 8 ca
8 ca 12 dyshomeostasis
9 ( 12 dyshomeostasis
10 2+ 11 )
10 2+ 12 dyshomeostasis
12 dyshomeostasis 13 ,
14 it 15 has
15 has 16 been
16 been 20 insulin
17 proposed 20 insulin
18 that 19 impaired
19 impaired 20 insulin
20 insulin 21 signaling
20 insulin 23 or
20 insulin 25 aging
21 signaling 23 or
22 exacerbates 23 or
23 or 24 accelerates
26 - 27 related
27 related 32 dyshomeostasis
28 ca 30 2+
28 ca 32 dyshomeostasis
29 ( 30 2+
30 2+ 31 )

however , there have been few studies examining insulin interactions with ca ( 2+ ) regulation in aging animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 been
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 7 studies
6 few 7 studies
7 studies 8 examining
8 examining 10 interactions
8 examining 11 with
9 insulin 10 interactions
11 with 12 ca
12 ca 16 regulation
13 ( 16 regulation
14 2+ 15 )
14 2+ 16 regulation
16 regulation 17 in
16 regulation 20 .
17 in 18 aging
18 aging 19 animals

we have been testing predictions of the ca ( 2+ ) dysregulation/diabetes/brain aging hypothesis and have found that insulin and insulin - sensitizers ( thiazolidinediones ) target several hippocampal ca ( 2+ ) - related processes affected by aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 related
1 we 15 and
2 have 3 been
2 have 15 and
3 been 4 testing
4 testing 5 predictions
5 predictions 6 of
6 of 14 hypothesis
7 the 14 hypothesis
8 ca 10 2+
8 ca 12 dysregulation/diabetes/brain
9 ( 10 2+
10 2+ 11 )
12 dysregulation/diabetes/brain 13 aging
13 aging 14 hypothesis
15 and 16 have
16 have 17 found
17 found 18 that
18 that 20 and
18 that 27 target
19 insulin 20 and
20 and 21 insulin
20 and 23 sensitizers
20 and 27 target
22 - 23 sensitizers
23 sensitizers 25 thiazolidinediones
23 sensitizers 26 )
24 ( 25 thiazolidinediones
25 thiazolidinediones 26 )
27 target 30 ca
28 several 30 ca
29 hippocampal 30 ca
30 ca 32 2+
31 ( 32 2+
32 2+ 33 )
34 - 35 related
35 related 36 processes
35 related 38 by
35 related 40 .
36 processes 37 affected
38 by 39 aging

the drugs appear able to reduce the age [-] dependent increase in ca ( 2+ ) transients and the ca ( 2+ ) - sensitive afterhyperpolarization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 drugs
2 drugs 3 appear
3 appear 4 able
4 able 5 to
4 able 6 reduce
5 to 6 reduce
6 reduce 11 increase
6 reduce 12 in
7 the 11 increase
8 age 11 increase
10 dependent 11 increase
12 in 13 ca
13 ca 18 and
14 ( 18 and
15 2+ 16 )
15 2+ 17 transients
17 transients 18 and
18 and 20 ca
18 and 22 2+
18 and 23 )
19 the 20 ca
21 ( 22 2+
22 2+ 23 )
24 - 26 afterhyperpolarization
25 sensitive 26 afterhyperpolarization

thus , while additional testing is needed , the results to date are consistent with the view that strategies that enhance insulin signaling can counteract the effect of aging on ca ( 2+ ) dysregulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
1 thus 10 results
2 , 3 while
3 while 5 testing
3 while 7 needed
3 while 8 ,
3 while 10 results
4 additional 5 testing
5 testing 6 is
6 is 7 needed
7 needed 8 ,
9 the 10 results
10 results 11 to
10 results 12 date
10 results 13 are
11 to 12 date
13 are 14 consistent
14 consistent 15 with
15 with 17 view
15 with 29 aging
16 the 17 view
17 view 18 that
17 view 28 of
18 that 19 strategies
18 that 25 counteract
19 strategies 20 that
19 strategies 21 enhance
19 strategies 24 can
20 that 21 enhance
21 enhance 22 insulin
22 insulin 23 signaling
24 can 25 counteract
25 counteract 27 effect
26 the 27 effect
27 effect 28 of
29 aging 30 on
30 on 31 ca
31 ca 35 dysregulation
32 ( 35 dysregulation
33 2+ 34 )
33 2+ 35 dysregulation
35 dysregulation 36 .

the main questions posed in ageing theories are how ageing evolved [and] whether or not it is programmed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 questions
2 main 3 questions
3 questions 4 posed
3 questions 8 are
4 posed 5 in
5 in 7 theories
6 ageing 7 theories
8 are 9 how
8 are 15 not
9 how 10 ageing
9 how 11 evolved
10 ageing 11 evolved
13 whether 14 or
14 or 15 not
15 not 16 it
15 not 18 programmed
16 it 17 is
17 is 18 programmed

while these questions have not yet been clearly resolved , several groups of possible theories have been published on this topic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 published
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 while 3 questions
1 while 7 been
1 while 10 ,
1 while 12 groups
2 these 3 questions
3 questions 4 have
4 have 5 not
4 have 7 been
6 yet 7 been
7 been 8 clearly
7 been 9 resolved
11 several 12 groups
12 groups 13 of
12 groups 16 have
13 of 15 theories
14 possible 15 theories
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 published
18 published 19 on
19 on 21 topic
20 this 21 topic

however , most of these theories do not consider plants , and the specific traits involved in their ageing mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 most
3 most 4 of
3 most 7 do
4 of 6 theories
5 these 6 theories
7 do 8 not
7 do 9 consider
9 consider 12 and
9 consider 20 mechanisms
10 plants 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 traits
12 and 16 involved
13 the 15 traits
14 specific 15 traits
16 involved 17 in
17 in 19 ageing
18 their 19 ageing

the first trait covers clonality and sectoriality and the second concerns the lack of a differentiated germ line . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trait
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 covers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 trait
2 first 3 trait
3 trait 4 covers
4 covers 6 and
5 clonality 6 and
6 and 7 sectoriality
8 and 10 second
8 and 11 concerns
9 the 10 second
10 second 11 concerns
11 concerns 13 lack
12 the 13 lack
13 lack 14 of
14 of 18 line
15 a 18 line
16 differentiated 17 germ
17 germ 18 line

the lack of a germ line prevents telomere shortening which can lead to the transfer of somatic mutations into sexual offspring , while sectoriality in trees causes isolation of potentially catastrophic events in one tree part , thus creating a population of more or less independent modules within one [axis] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 prevents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
1 the 2 lack
2 lack 3 of
2 lack 7 prevents
3 of 6 line
4 a 6 line
5 germ 6 line
7 prevents 8 telomere
7 prevents 13 to
7 prevents 19 into
8 telomere 9 shortening
8 telomere 10 which
8 telomere 11 can
10 which 11 can
11 can 12 lead
13 to 15 transfer
14 the 15 transfer
15 transfer 16 of
16 of 18 mutations
17 somatic 18 mutations
19 into 21 offspring
20 sexual 21 offspring
22 , 36 part
23 while 24 sectoriality
23 while 27 causes
23 while 36 part
24 sectoriality 25 in
24 sectoriality 27 causes
25 in 26 trees
27 causes 28 isolation
27 causes 33 in
28 isolation 29 of
29 of 32 events
30 potentially 31 catastrophic
31 catastrophic 32 events
33 in 35 tree
34 one 35 tree
36 part 39 creating
37 , 39 creating
38 thus 39 creating
39 creating 41 population
39 creating 48 within
39 creating 51 .
40 a 41 population
41 population 42 of
42 of 47 modules
43 more 44 or
44 or 45 less
44 or 46 independent
46 independent 47 modules
48 within 49 one

the processes of population dynamics , including ageing , can act within the framework of an individual tree as well as in that of the population as a whole , although the processes involved differ and consequently result in different effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 act
1 the 2 processes
2 processes 3 of
2 processes 7 including
2 processes 10 can
3 of 5 dynamics
4 population 5 dynamics
6 , 7 including
7 including 8 ageing
7 including 9 ,
10 can 11 act
11 act 12 within
11 act 19 as
11 act 27 as
11 act 31 although
12 within 14 framework
13 the 14 framework
14 framework 15 of
15 of 18 tree
16 an 18 tree
17 individual 18 tree
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
20 well 24 of
21 as 22 in
22 in 23 that
24 of 26 population
25 the 26 population
27 as 29 whole
28 a 29 whole
30 , 31 although
31 although 33 processes
31 although 36 and
31 although 42 .
32 the 33 processes
33 processes 34 involved
33 processes 36 and
35 differ 36 and
36 and 38 result
37 consequently 38 result
38 result 39 in
39 in 41 effects
40 different 41 effects

introduction : ultra - short telomeres caused by stress - induced telomere shortening [are] suggested to induce chondrocyte senescence in human osteoarthritic knees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 suggested
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 12 telomere
3 ultra 6 telomeres
3 ultra 12 telomere
4 - 6 telomeres
5 short 6 telomeres
6 telomeres 7 caused
6 telomeres 10 -
7 caused 8 by
8 by 9 stress
11 induced 12 telomere
13 shortening 15 suggested
15 suggested 16 to
15 suggested 24 .
16 to 17 induce
17 induce 19 senescence
18 chondrocyte 19 senescence
19 senescence 20 in
20 in 23 knees
21 human 23 knees
22 osteoarthritic 23 knees

here we have further investigated the role of ultra - short telomeres in the development of osteoarthritis ( oa ) and in aging of articular cartilage in human hips . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 have
3 have 5 investigated
4 further 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 role
5 investigated 27 in
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 12 telomeres
9 ultra 10 -
9 ultra 12 telomeres
11 short 12 telomeres
12 telomeres 21 and
12 telomeres 24 of
13 in 15 development
13 in 21 and
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 17 osteoarthritis
17 osteoarthritis 19 oa
18 ( 19 oa
19 oa 20 )
21 and 22 in
22 in 23 aging
24 of 26 cartilage
25 articular 26 cartilage
27 in 29 hips
28 human 29 hips

materials and methods : cartilage was obtained from four different distances of the central weight - bearing area in human femoral heads ( 14 oa and 9 [non] - oa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 cartilage
4 : 7 obtained
4 : 32 .
5 cartilage 6 was
6 was 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 from
7 obtained 17 bearing
8 from 11 distances
9 four 11 distances
10 different 11 distances
11 distances 12 of
12 of 15 weight
13 the 15 weight
14 central 15 weight
16 - 17 bearing
17 bearing 18 area
17 bearing 19 in
17 bearing 31 )
19 in 22 heads
20 human 22 heads
21 femoral 22 heads
22 heads 26 and
23 ( 26 and
24 14 25 oa
25 oa 26 and
26 and 30 oa
26 and 31 )
27 9 30 oa
29 - 30 oa
30 oa 31 )

samples were split into three : one for quantification of ultra - short single telomeres by universal stela and mean telomere length measurement by q - pcr ; one for histological grading of oa , and one for immunohistochemical staining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 split
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 samples 2 were
2 were 3 split
3 split 4 into
4 into 5 three
6 : 19 and
6 : 21 telomere
6 : 26 -
6 : 28 ;
7 one 8 for
7 one 19 and
8 for 9 quantification
9 quantification 10 of
10 of 15 telomeres
11 ultra 12 -
11 ultra 13 short
13 short 14 single
14 single 15 telomeres
15 telomeres 16 by
16 by 18 stela
17 universal 18 stela
19 and 20 mean
19 and 21 telomere
21 telomere 23 measurement
22 length 23 measurement
23 measurement 24 by
24 by 25 q
26 - 27 pcr
28 ; 36 and
29 one 30 for
29 one 33 of
29 one 36 and
30 for 32 grading
31 histological 32 grading
33 of 34 oa
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 one
36 and 38 for
38 for 40 staining
39 immunohistochemical 40 staining

results : load of ultra - short telomeres increased closer to the central weight [-] bearing area and correlated with cartilage degradation in both oa and [non] - oa samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 load
3 load 4 of
3 load 18 and
4 of 8 telomeres
5 ultra 6 -
5 ultra 7 short
7 short 8 telomeres
9 increased 10 closer
9 increased 18 and
10 closer 11 to
11 to 14 weight
12 the 14 weight
13 central 14 weight
14 weight 16 bearing
16 bearing 17 area
18 and 19 correlated
18 and 22 degradation
19 correlated 20 with
20 with 21 cartilage
22 degradation 23 in
23 in 30 samples
24 both 30 samples
25 oa 26 and
26 and 29 oa
28 - 29 oa
29 oa 30 samples

mean telomere length decreased with decreasing [distance] to the central weight - bearing area , however , unexpectedly increased in the most central zone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 mean 3 length
2 telomere 3 length
3 length 4 decreased
3 length 19 increased
4 decreased 5 with
5 with 6 decreasing
6 decreasing 8 to
6 decreasing 13 bearing
6 decreasing 18 unexpectedly
8 to 11 weight
9 the 11 weight
10 central 11 weight
12 - 13 bearing
13 bearing 14 area
13 bearing 16 however
13 bearing 17 ,
15 , 16 however
16 however 17 ,
19 increased 20 in
20 in 24 zone
21 the 24 zone
22 most 23 central
23 central 24 zone

this increase was associated with immunohistochemical findings of cells expressing markers characteristic [of] [progenitor] - like cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
1 this 2 increase
2 increase 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 12 characteristic
5 with 7 findings
6 immunohistochemical 7 findings
7 findings 8 of
8 of 9 cells
9 cells 10 expressing
10 expressing 11 markers
12 characteristic 16 like
15 - 16 like
16 like 17 cells
16 like 18 .

conclusion : these findings suggest a role of short telomeres in the development of oa and in aging of articular cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 22 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 7 role
6 a 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 10 telomeres
9 short 10 telomeres
10 telomeres 16 and
10 telomeres 19 of
11 in 13 development
11 in 16 and
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 15 oa
16 and 17 in
17 in 18 aging
19 of 21 cartilage
20 articular 21 cartilage

furthermore , progenitor [-] [like] cells with long telomeres may be recruited to the most damaged areas of the cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 cells
3 progenitor 6 cells
6 cells 7 with
6 cells 10 may
7 with 9 telomeres
8 long 9 telomeres
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 recruited
12 recruited 13 to
13 to 17 areas
14 the 15 most
15 most 17 areas
16 damaged 17 areas
17 areas 18 of
18 of 20 cartilage
19 the 20 cartilage

increasing muscle [mass] is important when attempting to maximize sports performance and achieve physique augmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 increasing 2 muscle
1 increasing 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 when
6 when 7 attempting
7 attempting 8 to
7 attempting 12 and
8 to 12 and
9 maximize 11 performance
9 maximize 12 and
10 sports 11 performance
12 and 13 achieve
12 and 15 augmentation
13 achieve 14 physique

however , the preservation of muscle [mass] is essential to maintaining mobility and quality of life with aging , and also impacts on our capacity to recover from illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 preservation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 preservation
3 the 4 preservation
4 preservation 5 of
4 preservation 8 is
5 of 6 muscle
8 is 9 essential
9 essential 10 to
9 essential 23 on
10 to 11 maintaining
11 maintaining 20 and
12 mobility 13 and
13 and 14 quality
13 and 17 with
13 and 20 and
14 quality 15 of
15 of 16 life
17 with 18 aging
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 also
20 and 22 impacts
23 on 25 capacity
24 our 25 capacity
25 capacity 26 to
25 capacity 27 recover
26 to 27 recover
27 recover 28 from
28 from 29 illness

nevertheless , our understanding of the processes that regulate muscle [mass] in humans during resistance exercise training , chronic disuse and rehabilitation training following atrophy remains very unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 understanding
3 our 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
4 understanding 12 in
4 understanding 26 remains
5 of 7 processes
6 the 7 processes
7 processes 8 that
7 processes 9 regulate
8 that 9 regulate
9 regulate 10 muscle
12 in 21 and
13 humans 14 during
13 humans 18 ,
14 during 17 training
15 resistance 17 training
16 exercise 17 training
18 , 20 disuse
18 , 21 and
19 chronic 20 disuse
21 and 22 rehabilitation
21 and 23 training
23 training 25 atrophy
24 following 25 atrophy
26 remains 28 unclear
27 very 28 unclear

here , we report on some of the recent developments in the study of those processes thought to be responsible for governing human muscle protein [turnover] in response to intense physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 5 on
4 report 11 in
4 report 18 to
5 on 6 some
6 some 7 of
7 of 10 developments
8 the 10 developments
9 recent 10 developments
11 in 13 study
12 the 13 study
13 study 14 of
13 study 17 thought
14 of 16 processes
15 those 16 processes
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 responsible
20 responsible 21 for
20 responsible 29 to
21 for 22 governing
22 governing 25 protein
23 human 25 protein
24 muscle 25 protein
27 in 28 response
28 response 29 to
29 to 32 activity
30 intense 32 activity
31 physical 32 activity

specifically , the effects of acute and chronic resistance exercise in healthy volunteers and also in response to rehabilitation resistance exercise training following muscle atrophy will be discussed , with discrepancies and gaps in our understanding highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 4 effects
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 10 exercise
5 of 9 resistance
6 acute 7 and
7 and 8 chronic
7 and 9 resistance
10 exercise 11 in
11 in 13 volunteers
12 healthy 13 volunteers
14 and 22 training
14 and 28 discussed
15 also 22 training
16 in 17 response
17 response 18 to
18 to 20 resistance
18 to 22 training
19 rehabilitation 20 resistance
21 exercise 22 training
22 training 23 following
22 training 26 will
23 following 25 atrophy
24 muscle 25 atrophy
26 will 27 be
27 be 28 discussed
28 discussed 30 with
29 , 30 with
30 with 32 and
30 with 38 .
31 discrepancies 32 and
32 and 33 gaps
32 and 34 in
32 and 37 highlighted
34 in 36 understanding
35 our 36 understanding

in particular , ubiquitin - proteasome mediated muscle proteolysis ( muscle atrophy f - box/atrogin - [1] and muscle ring finger 1 ) , translation initiation [of] muscle protein synthesis [(] mammalian target of rapamycin signaling [ )(, and satellite cell mediated myogenesis are highlighted as pathways of special relevance to muscle protein metabolism in response to acute resistance exercise [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 particular
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 particular
3 , 4 ubiquitin
3 , 5 -
5 - 6 proteasome
5 - 14 -
6 proteasome 9 proteolysis
7 mediated 9 proteolysis
8 muscle 9 proteolysis
9 proteolysis 12 atrophy
10 ( 12 atrophy
11 muscle 12 atrophy
12 atrophy 13 f
12 atrophy 14 -
14 - 18 and
14 - 24 ,
15 box/atrogin 18 and
16 - 18 and
18 and 21 finger
18 and 23 )
19 muscle 20 ring
20 ring 21 finger
21 finger 22 1
24 , 33 target
25 translation 28 muscle
26 initiation 28 muscle
28 muscle 29 protein
29 protein 33 target
30 synthesis 33 target
32 mammalian 33 target
33 target 34 of
33 target 45 highlighted
34 of 41 cell
35 rapamycin 36 signaling
35 rapamycin 39 and
38 )(, 39 and
39 and 40 satellite
39 and 41 cell
41 cell 42 mediated
41 cell 43 myogenesis
41 cell 44 are
43 myogenesis 44 are
45 highlighted 46 as
45 highlighted 50 relevance
46 as 47 pathways
47 pathways 48 of
48 of 49 special
50 relevance 51 to
50 relevance 57 to
51 to 54 metabolism
52 muscle 54 metabolism
53 protein 54 metabolism
54 metabolism 56 response
55 in 56 response
57 to 60 exercise
58 acute 60 exercise
59 resistance 60 exercise

furthermore , research focused on quantifying signaling and molecular events that modulate muscle protein synthesis and protein degradation under conditions of chronic resistance training is highlighted as being urgently needed to improve knowledge gaps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 gaps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 research
3 research 4 focused
4 focused 5 on
5 on 8 and
6 quantifying 7 signaling
6 quantifying 8 and
8 and 10 events
8 and 11 that
8 and 12 modulate
9 molecular 10 events
11 that 12 modulate
12 modulate 15 synthesis
13 muscle 15 synthesis
14 protein 15 synthesis
16 and 18 degradation
16 and 26 highlighted
17 protein 18 degradation
18 degradation 19 under
18 degradation 21 of
18 degradation 25 is
19 under 20 conditions
21 of 24 training
22 chronic 23 resistance
23 resistance 24 training
25 is 26 highlighted
26 highlighted 27 as
27 as 28 being
28 being 30 needed
28 being 33 knowledge
28 being 34 gaps
29 urgently 30 needed
30 needed 31 to
31 to 32 improve
33 knowledge 34 gaps

these studies need to include multiple time - point measurements over the course of any training intervention and must include dynamic measurements of muscle protein synthesis and degradation and sensitive measures of muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 need
3 need 4 to
3 need 8 -
4 to 5 include
5 include 7 time
6 multiple 7 time
8 - 18 and
8 - 29 and
8 - 35 .
9 point 10 measurements
9 point 11 over
9 point 18 and
11 over 13 course
12 the 13 course
13 course 14 of
14 of 15 any
15 any 16 training
16 training 17 intervention
18 and 19 must
19 must 20 include
20 include 22 measurements
21 dynamic 22 measurements
22 measurements 23 of
23 of 27 and
24 muscle 26 synthesis
25 protein 26 synthesis
26 synthesis 27 and
27 and 28 degradation
29 and 31 measures
29 and 34 mass
30 sensitive 31 measures
31 measures 32 of
31 measures 34 mass
32 of 33 muscle

this article is part of a directed issue entitled molecular basis of muscle wasting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 4 part
4 part 5 of
5 of 11 basis
6 a 11 basis
7 directed 8 issue
8 issue 9 entitled
9 entitled 11 basis
10 molecular 11 basis
11 basis 12 of
12 of 14 wasting
13 muscle 14 wasting

objectives : there is an age associated change in gfr but this association may be influenced by the method used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 11 but
3 there 4 is
4 is 8 change
5 an 6 age
5 an 8 change
6 age 7 associated
7 associated 8 change
8 change 9 in
9 in 10 gfr
11 but 13 association
11 but 16 influenced
12 this 13 association
13 association 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 influenced
16 influenced 17 by
17 by 19 method
18 the 19 method
19 method 20 used

the aims of the present study were to assess the association between age and cystatin c and creatinine based glomerular filtration rate estimates in primary care patients , and to determine the proportion of patients with clinically important renal impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 7 were
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 were 8 to
7 were 9 assess
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 17 and
9 assess 29 and
10 the 11 association
11 association 12 between
11 association 14 and
12 between 13 age
14 and 15 cystatin
14 and 17 and
15 cystatin 16 c
17 and 21 filtration
17 and 29 and
18 creatinine 19 based
19 based 21 filtration
20 glomerular 21 filtration
22 rate 23 estimates
22 rate 29 and
23 estimates 24 in
24 in 27 patients
25 primary 26 care
26 care 27 patients
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 to
29 and 31 determine
29 and 36 with
30 to 31 determine
31 determine 33 proportion
32 the 33 proportion
33 proportion 34 of
34 of 35 patients
36 with 40 impairment
37 clinically 38 important
38 important 40 impairment
39 renal 40 impairment

materials and methods : 1552 samples with simultaneous requests for creatinine and cystatin c from 1552 primary care patients in the county of uppsala , sweden were analysed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 6 samples
5 1552 6 samples
6 samples 7 with
6 samples 10 for
6 samples 15 from
6 samples 20 in
7 with 9 requests
8 simultaneous 9 requests
10 for 12 and
11 creatinine 12 and
12 and 13 cystatin
13 cystatin 14 c
15 from 19 patients
16 1552 19 patients
17 primary 18 care
18 care 19 patients
20 in 22 county
21 the 22 county
22 county 23 of
23 of 24 uppsala
25 , 26 sweden
25 , 28 analysed
26 sweden 27 were
27 were 28 analysed

mdrd , ckd - epi and cystatin c equations [were] used to calculate glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) and the associations between gfr and age were explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 mdrd 3 ckd
2 , 3 ckd
3 ckd 4 -
3 ckd 5 epi
4 - 5 epi
5 epi 6 and
6 and 7 cystatin
6 and 9 equations
6 and 16 rate
6 and 18 gfr
6 and 20 and
7 cystatin 8 c
9 equations 11 used
9 equations 16 rate
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 calculate
12 to 13 calculate
13 calculate 15 filtration
14 glomerular 15 filtration
17 ( 18 gfr
18 gfr 19 )
20 and 22 associations
20 and 23 between
20 and 25 and
21 the 22 associations
23 between 24 gfr
25 and 26 age
25 and 27 were
27 were 28 explored

conclusions : the age related association with gfr estimates is smaller for creatinine estimates than for cystatin c estimates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 association
2 : 10 is
2 : 20 .
3 the 6 association
4 age 5 related
5 related 6 association
6 association 7 with
6 association 10 is
7 with 9 estimates
8 gfr 9 estimates
10 is 11 smaller
11 smaller 12 for
11 smaller 15 than
12 for 14 estimates
13 creatinine 14 estimates
15 than 16 for
16 for 19 estimates
17 cystatin 18 c
17 cystatin 19 estimates

this leads to differences in the number of patients with reduced egfr detected with the three estimates and the patient treatment will depend on the estimate used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 leads
2 leads 3 to
2 leads 5 in
2 leads 14 with
3 to 4 differences
5 in 9 patients
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 patients
8 of 9 patients
9 patients 10 with
10 with 12 egfr
11 reduced 12 egfr
12 egfr 13 detected
14 with 17 estimates
15 the 16 three
16 three 17 estimates
18 and 21 treatment
18 and 23 depend
19 the 21 treatment
20 patient 21 treatment
21 treatment 22 will
22 will 23 depend
23 depend 24 on
24 on 26 estimate
25 the 26 estimate
26 estimate 27 used

this is not coherent with a good patient care and we thus need to develop new egfr equations with better agreement between the estimates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 coherent
3 not 4 coherent
4 coherent 5 with
5 with 9 care
6 a 7 good
6 a 9 care
7 good 9 care
8 patient 9 care
10 and 11 we
10 and 13 need
11 we 13 need
12 thus 13 need
13 need 14 to
14 to 15 develop
15 develop 18 equations
15 develop 19 with
15 develop 22 between
16 new 17 egfr
17 egfr 18 equations
19 with 21 agreement
20 better 21 agreement
22 between 24 estimates
23 the 24 estimates

intelligence quotient ( iq ) is regularly used in both education and employment as a measure of cognitive ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 iq
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 intelligence 4 iq
2 quotient 4 iq
3 ( 4 iq
4 iq 5 )
4 iq 6 is
6 is 8 used
7 regularly 8 used
8 used 9 in
8 used 14 as
9 in 12 and
10 both 12 and
11 education 12 and
12 and 13 employment
14 as 19 ability
15 a 16 measure
16 measure 17 of
16 measure 19 ability
17 of 19 ability
18 cognitive 19 ability

although an individual 's iq is generally assumed to stay constant across the lifespan , a few studies have suggested that there may be substantial variation at the individual level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 5 iq
1 although 8 assumed
1 although 15 ,
1 although 18 studies
2 an 3 individual
3 individual 4 's
4 's 5 iq
5 iq 6 is
6 is 7 generally
6 is 8 assumed
8 assumed 9 to
9 to 10 stay
10 stay 11 constant
11 constant 12 across
12 across 14 lifespan
13 the 14 lifespan
16 a 17 few
17 few 18 studies
18 studies 19 have
19 have 20 suggested
20 suggested 21 that
21 that 22 there
21 that 24 be
22 there 23 may
23 may 24 be
24 be 26 variation
25 substantial 26 variation
26 variation 27 at
27 at 30 level
28 the 30 level
29 individual 30 level

motivated by previous reports that reading quality/quantity has a positive influence on vocabulary acquisition , we hypothesised that reading ability in the early teenage years might contribute to changes in verbal iq ( viq ) over the next few years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 hypothesised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 motivated 2 by
1 motivated 15 ,
1 motivated 16 we
2 by 4 reports
3 previous 4 reports
4 reports 5 that
5 that 6 reading
5 that 8 has
6 reading 7 quality/quantity
6 reading 8 has
8 has 11 influence
9 a 11 influence
10 positive 11 influence
11 influence 12 on
12 on 14 acquisition
13 vocabulary 14 acquisition
16 we 17 hypothesised
17 hypothesised 18 that
18 that 19 reading
18 that 27 contribute
19 reading 20 ability
19 reading 26 might
20 ability 21 in
21 in 25 years
22 the 25 years
23 early 25 years
24 teenage 25 years
26 might 27 contribute
27 contribute 28 to
27 contribute 36 over
28 to 29 changes
29 changes 30 in
30 in 34 viq
31 verbal 34 viq
32 iq 34 viq
33 ( 34 viq
34 viq 35 )
36 over 40 years
37 the 38 next
37 the 39 few
39 few 40 years

we found that good readers were more likely to experience relative improvements in viq over time , with the reverse true for poor readers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 5 readers
3 that 6 were
4 good 5 readers
5 readers 6 were
6 were 8 likely
7 more 8 likely
8 likely 9 to
8 likely 10 experience
9 to 10 experience
10 experience 12 improvements
10 experience 13 in
10 experience 15 over
11 relative 12 improvements
13 in 14 viq
15 over 16 time
16 time 18 with
17 , 18 with
18 with 20 reverse
18 with 25 .
19 the 20 reverse
20 reverse 21 true
21 true 22 for
22 for 24 readers
23 poor 24 readers

these effects were [largest] when there was a discrepancy between time 1 reading ability and time 1 viq . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 5 when
3 were 10 between
5 when 6 there
5 when 7 was
6 there 7 was
7 was 9 discrepancy
8 a 9 discrepancy
10 between 15 and
11 time 12 1
11 time 13 reading
13 reading 14 ability
14 ability 15 and
15 and 18 viq
16 time 17 1
16 time 18 viq

in other words , viq increases tended to be [greatest] when reading ability was high relative to viq . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 other
2 other 3 words
3 words 4 ,
3 words 6 increases
5 viq 6 increases
6 increases 7 tended
7 tended 8 to
7 tended 9 be
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 when
9 be 16 relative
11 when 12 reading
12 reading 13 ability
12 reading 14 was
13 ability 14 was
14 was 15 high
16 relative 17 to
17 to 18 viq

additional analyses supported these findings by showing that variance in viq change associated with time 1 behaviour was also associated with independent measurements of brain structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 additional 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 supported
2 analyses 5 findings
2 analyses 13 associated
2 analyses 25 brain
4 these 5 findings
5 findings 6 by
5 findings 13 associated
6 by 7 showing
7 showing 9 variance
7 showing 10 in
8 that 9 variance
10 in 12 change
11 viq 12 change
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 time
15 time 16 1
15 time 17 behaviour
15 time 24 of
17 behaviour 18 was
18 was 20 associated
19 also 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 23 measurements
22 independent 23 measurements
23 measurements 24 of
25 brain 26 structure

our finding that reading in the early teenage years can predict a significant proportion of the variance in subsequent viq change has implications for targeted education in both home and school environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 our 2 finding
2 finding 3 that
2 finding 22 has
3 that 4 reading
3 that 11 predict
4 reading 5 in
4 reading 9 years
4 reading 10 can
6 the 9 years
7 early 9 years
8 teenage 9 years
10 can 11 predict
11 predict 14 proportion
11 predict 18 in
12 a 14 proportion
13 significant 14 proportion
14 proportion 15 of
15 of 17 variance
16 the 17 variance
18 in 21 change
19 subsequent 21 change
20 viq 21 change
22 has 23 implications
23 implications 24 for
23 implications 27 in
24 for 26 education
25 targeted 26 education
27 in 30 and
28 both 30 and
29 home 30 and
30 and 32 environments
31 school 32 environments

the new anticoagulants ( noacs ) tested for prevention or treatment of venous thromboembolism ( vte ) , stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation ( af ) , and acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) differ in bioavailability , metabolism , route [of] excretion and interaction with other drugs , but have remarkably similar pharmacokinetics , with very similar [half] lives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 anticoagulants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
1 the 3 anticoagulants
2 new 3 anticoagulants
3 anticoagulants 5 noacs
3 anticoagulants 7 tested
4 ( 5 noacs
5 noacs 6 )
7 tested 8 for
7 tested 20 prevention
8 for 10 or
9 prevention 10 or
10 or 11 treatment
10 or 18 ,
11 treatment 12 of
12 of 14 thromboembolism
13 venous 14 thromboembolism
14 thromboembolism 16 vte
15 ( 16 vte
16 vte 17 )
19 stroke 20 prevention
20 prevention 21 in
21 in 23 fibrillation
22 atrial 23 fibrillation
23 fibrillation 25 af
24 ( 25 af
25 af 26 )
27 , 28 and
28 and 31 syndromes
28 and 51 have
29 acute 31 syndromes
30 coronary 31 syndromes
31 syndromes 33 acs
31 syndromes 50 but
32 ( 33 acs
33 acs 34 )
35 differ 36 in
35 differ 46 with
35 differ 50 but
36 in 44 and
37 bioavailability 38 ,
38 , 39 metabolism
38 , 40 ,
40 , 43 excretion
40 , 44 and
41 route 43 excretion
44 and 45 interaction
46 with 48 drugs
47 other 48 drugs
49 , 50 but
50 but 51 have
51 have 54 pharmacokinetics
52 remarkably 53 similar
53 similar 54 pharmacokinetics
54 pharmacokinetics 56 with
55 , 56 with
56 with 60 lives
56 with 61 .
57 very 58 similar
58 similar 60 lives

current prevailing wisdom is that peak plasma drug concentrations are important determinants of bleeding : since a fractioning of the total daily dose into a twice daily regimen reduces peak plasma drug concentrations compared with once daily dosing , this should maximize safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 wisdom
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 current 3 wisdom
2 prevailing 3 wisdom
3 wisdom 4 is
4 is 6 peak
5 that 6 peak
6 peak 9 concentrations
6 peak 14 bleeding
7 plasma 9 concentrations
8 drug 9 concentrations
9 concentrations 10 are
10 are 12 determinants
11 important 12 determinants
12 determinants 13 of
13 of 14 bleeding
15 : 33 concentrations
15 : 34 compared
15 : 39 ,
16 since 18 fractioning
16 since 29 reduces
16 since 33 concentrations
17 a 18 fractioning
18 fractioning 19 of
18 fractioning 29 reduces
19 of 23 dose
20 the 23 dose
21 total 23 dose
22 daily 23 dose
23 dose 24 into
24 into 28 regimen
25 a 28 regimen
26 twice 27 daily
27 daily 28 regimen
29 reduces 31 plasma
30 peak 31 plasma
32 drug 33 concentrations
33 concentrations 34 compared
34 compared 35 with
35 with 38 dosing
36 once 37 daily
37 daily 38 dosing
39 , 40 this
39 , 42 maximize
40 this 41 should
41 should 42 maximize
42 maximize 43 safety

however , recent pharmacokinetic analyses of a phase ii study with edoxaban in af found that bleeding , with the same daily dosing , was less frequent with once daily dosing than with twice daily dosing , and correlated - better than other pharmacokinetic parameters - through drug concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 analyses
3 recent 5 analyses
4 pharmacokinetic 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 of
5 analyses 38 and
6 of 8 phase
7 a 8 phase
8 phase 9 ii
10 study 11 with
10 study 13 in
10 study 29 once
10 study 30 daily
10 study 31 dosing
10 study 32 than
10 study 38 and
11 with 12 edoxaban
13 in 14 af
14 af 15 found
14 af 16 that
14 af 28 with
16 that 17 bleeding
16 that 25 was
17 bleeding 19 with
17 bleeding 25 was
18 , 19 with
19 with 23 dosing
19 with 24 ,
20 the 21 same
20 the 23 dosing
22 daily 23 dosing
25 was 27 frequent
26 less 27 frequent
27 frequent 28 with
32 than 33 with
33 with 36 dosing
34 twice 35 daily
35 daily 36 dosing
37 , 38 and
38 and 39 correlated
38 and 42 than
38 and 47 through
39 correlated 40 -
39 correlated 41 better
42 than 45 parameters
43 other 45 parameters
44 pharmacokinetic 45 parameters
46 - 47 through
47 through 49 concentrations
47 through 50 .
48 drug 49 concentrations

higher rates of bleeding have been also reported with the twice daily [versus] once daily dosing of darexaban in a phase ii study in acs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 higher 2 rates
2 rates 3 of
2 rates 5 have
3 of 4 bleeding
5 have 6 been
6 been 8 reported
7 also 8 reported
8 reported 9 with
8 reported 24 in
9 with 16 dosing
9 with 23 study
10 the 16 dosing
11 twice 15 daily
12 daily 15 daily
14 once 15 daily
15 daily 16 dosing
16 dosing 17 of
17 of 18 darexaban
18 darexaban 19 in
19 in 21 phase
20 a 21 phase
21 phase 22 ii
24 in 25 acs

these results may lead to [a] rethinking on the pathophysiology of bleeding in the setting of anticoagulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 may
3 may 4 lead
4 lead 5 to
5 to 7 rethinking
7 rethinking 8 on
7 rethinking 15 setting
8 on 10 pathophysiology
9 the 10 pathophysiology
10 pathophysiology 11 of
11 of 12 bleeding
12 bleeding 13 in
14 the 15 setting
15 setting 16 of
16 of 17 anticoagulation

due to the lack of sensitivity in current methods for the determination of fenoterol ( fen ) , a rapid lc - ms/ms method was developed for the determination [of] ( r,r ['] ) - fen and [(] r,r';s,s ['] ) - fen in plasma and urine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 4 lack
2 to 24 method
3 the 4 lack
4 lack 5 of
5 of 6 sensitivity
6 sensitivity 7 in
7 in 9 methods
8 current 9 methods
9 methods 10 for
9 methods 13 of
10 for 12 determination
11 the 12 determination
13 of 14 fenoterol
14 fenoterol 16 fen
14 fenoterol 21 lc
15 ( 16 fen
16 fen 17 )
18 , 21 lc
19 a 21 lc
20 rapid 21 lc
21 lc 22 -
23 ms/ms 24 method
24 method 25 was
25 was 26 developed
26 developed 27 for
27 for 29 determination
28 the 29 determination
29 determination 32 r,r
29 determination 37 and
31 ( 32 r,r
32 r,r 34 )
35 - 37 and
36 fen 37 and
37 and 39 r,r';s,s
37 and 41 )
42 - 43 fen
43 fen 44 in
44 in 46 and
45 plasma 46 and
46 and 47 urine

the method was fully validated and was linear from 50pg/ml to 2000pg/ml for plasma and from 2.500 ng / [ml] to 160 ng / ml for urine with a lower limit of quantitation of 52.8pg/ml in plasma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 method
2 method 6 and
3 was 5 validated
3 was 6 and
4 fully 5 validated
6 and 7 was
7 was 8 linear
8 linear 9 from
8 linear 11 to
8 linear 12 2000pg/ml
9 from 10 50pg/ml
11 to 12 2000pg/ml
12 2000pg/ml 15 and
12 2000pg/ml 28 with
12 2000pg/ml 36 in
13 for 14 plasma
13 for 15 and
15 and 16 from
16 from 25 ml
17 2.500 18 ng
17 2.500 21 to
18 ng 19 /
21 to 22 160
21 to 25 ml
22 160 23 ng
23 ng 24 /
25 ml 26 for
26 for 27 urine
28 with 31 limit
29 a 31 limit
30 lower 31 limit
31 limit 32 of
32 of 33 quantitation
33 quantitation 34 of
34 of 35 52.8pg/ml
36 in 37 plasma

the coefficient of variation was < 15 % for the high qc standards and < 10 % for the low qc standards in plasma [and] was < 15 % for the high and low qc standards in urine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 coefficient
2 coefficient 3 of
2 coefficient 5 was
3 of 4 variation
5 was 8 %
6 < 7 15
7 15 8 %
8 % 9 for
9 for 13 standards
10 the 13 standards
11 high 13 standards
12 qc 13 standards
14 and 17 %
14 and 26 was
15 < 16 10
16 10 17 %
17 % 18 for
17 % 23 in
17 % 26 was
18 for 22 standards
19 the 22 standards
20 low 22 standards
21 qc 22 standards
23 in 24 plasma
26 was 29 %
27 < 28 15
28 15 29 %
29 % 30 for
29 % 37 in
30 for 33 and
31 the 32 high
32 high 33 and
33 and 36 standards
34 low 36 standards
35 qc 36 standards
37 in 38 urine

the relative concentrations [of] ( r,r ['] ) - fen [and] ( s,s ['] ) - [fen] were determined using a chirobiotic [t] chiral stationary phase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 concentrations
2 relative 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 6 r,r
3 concentrations 10 fen
3 concentrations 18 were
5 ( 6 r,r
6 r,r 8 )
9 - 10 fen
10 fen 13 s,s
10 fen 16 -
12 ( 13 s,s
13 s,s 15 )
18 were 19 determined
19 determined 20 using
20 using 26 phase
21 a 22 chirobiotic
21 a 26 phase
22 chirobiotic 26 phase
24 chiral 26 phase
25 stationary 26 phase

the method was used to determine the concentration [of] ( r,r ['] ) - fen in plasma and urine samples obtained in an oral cross - over study [of] ( r,r ['] ) - fen and [(] r,r';s,s ['] ) - fen formulations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 method
2 method 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 8 concentration
7 the 8 concentration
8 concentration 11 r,r
10 ( 11 r,r
11 r,r 13 )
14 - 18 and
14 - 25 cross
15 fen 16 in
15 fen 18 and
16 in 17 plasma
18 and 20 samples
18 and 21 obtained
18 and 22 in
18 and 25 cross
19 urine 20 samples
22 in 24 oral
23 an 24 oral
25 cross 27 over
25 cross 43 formulations
26 - 27 over
27 over 28 study
27 over 41 -
28 study 31 r,r
28 study 36 and
30 ( 31 r,r
31 r,r 33 )
34 - 36 and
35 fen 36 and
36 and 38 r,r';s,s
36 and 40 )
42 fen 43 formulations

the results demonstrated a potential pre - systemic enantioselective interaction in which [the] [(] s,s ['] ) - fen reduces the sulfation of the active ( r,r ['] ) - fen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 6 pre
4 a 6 pre
5 potential 6 pre
6 pre 10 interaction
7 - 10 interaction
8 systemic 10 interaction
9 enantioselective 10 interaction
10 interaction 11 in
10 interaction 17 )
11 in 12 which
11 in 15 s,s
12 which 15 s,s
18 - 19 fen
18 - 20 reduces
19 fen 20 reduces
20 reduces 22 sulfation
21 the 22 sulfation
22 sulfation 23 of
22 sulfation 27 r,r
22 sulfation 31 fen
23 of 25 active
24 the 25 active
26 ( 27 r,r
27 r,r 29 )
30 - 31 fen
31 fen 32 .

the data suggest that a [non] [-] racemic mixture of the fen enantiomers may provide better bioavailability of the active ( r,r ['] ) - fen for use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 9 mixture
4 that 16 better
5 a 9 mixture
8 racemic 9 mixture
9 mixture 10 of
10 of 12 fen
11 the 12 fen
12 fen 13 enantiomers
12 fen 15 provide
13 enantiomers 14 may
14 may 15 provide
16 better 17 bioavailability
16 better 29 in
17 bioavailability 18 of
18 of 26 fen
19 the 26 fen
20 active 22 r,r
20 active 25 -
20 active 26 fen
21 ( 22 r,r
22 r,r 24 )
26 fen 27 for
27 for 28 use
29 in 31 treatment
30 the 31 treatment
31 treatment 32 of
32 of 34 disease
33 cardiovascular 34 disease

recent studies indicate that aging is associated with dysfunctional changes in pain modulatory capacity , potentially contributing to increased incidence [of] pain in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 aging
4 that 7 associated
5 aging 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 11 in
8 with 10 changes
9 dysfunctional 10 changes
11 in 14 capacity
12 pain 14 capacity
13 modulatory 14 capacity
14 capacity 17 contributing
15 , 17 contributing
16 potentially 17 contributing
17 contributing 18 to
17 contributing 26 .
18 to 22 pain
19 increased 20 incidence
20 incidence 22 pain
22 pain 23 in
23 in 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

however , age - related changes in offset analgesia ( offset ) , a form of temporal pain inhibition , remain poorly characterized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 age
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 changes
5 related 7 in
7 in 9 analgesia
8 offset 9 analgesia
9 analgesia 11 offset
9 analgesia 15 form
10 ( 11 offset
11 offset 12 )
13 , 15 form
14 a 15 form
15 form 16 of
15 form 20 ,
16 of 19 inhibition
17 temporal 18 pain
18 pain 19 inhibition
20 , 21 remain
21 remain 22 poorly
21 remain 23 characterized

the purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in offset analgesia of heat pain in healthy younger and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 differences
8 investigate 11 in
8 investigate 17 in
9 age 10 differences
11 in 13 analgesia
12 offset 13 analgesia
13 analgesia 14 of
14 of 16 pain
15 heat 16 pain
17 in 22 adults
18 healthy 22 adults
19 younger 20 and
20 and 21 older
20 and 22 adults

to explore the peripheral mechanisms underlying offset , an additional aim of the study was to test offset at 2 anatomical sites with known differences in nociceptor innervation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 2 explore
1 to 8 ,
1 to 11 aim
2 explore 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 peripheral 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 underlying
6 underlying 7 offset
9 an 10 additional
9 an 11 aim
10 additional 11 aim
11 aim 12 of
11 aim 15 was
12 of 14 study
13 the 14 study
15 was 16 to
15 was 19 at
15 was 23 with
15 was 26 in
16 to 18 offset
17 test 18 offset
19 at 22 sites
20 2 22 sites
21 anatomical 22 sites
23 with 25 differences
24 known 25 differences
26 in 28 innervation
27 nociceptor 28 innervation

a total of 25 younger adults and 20 older adults completed 6 offset trials in which the experimental heat stimulus was presented to the volar forearm and glabrous skin of the palm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 7 and
3 of 6 adults
4 25 6 adults
5 younger 6 adults
7 and 10 adults
7 and 12 6
7 and 22 presented
8 20 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 completed
12 6 13 offset
13 offset 14 trials
13 offset 15 in
15 in 16 which
16 which 19 heat
16 which 22 presented
17 the 19 heat
18 experimental 19 heat
19 heat 20 stimulus
19 heat 21 was
19 heat 22 presented
20 stimulus 21 was
22 presented 23 to
23 to 27 and
24 the 26 forearm
25 volar 26 forearm
26 forearm 27 and
27 and 29 skin
28 glabrous 29 skin
29 skin 30 of
30 of 32 palm
31 the 32 palm

each trial consisted of 3 continuous phases : an initial 15 - second painful stimulus ( t1 ) , a slight increase in temperature from t1 for 5 seconds ( t2 ) , and a slight decrease back to the initial testing temperature for 10 seconds ( t3 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 each 2 trial
2 trial 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 7 phases
5 3 7 phases
6 continuous 7 phases
8 : 10 initial
8 : 19 ,
9 an 10 initial
10 initial 11 15
10 initial 15 stimulus
12 - 15 stimulus
13 second 15 stimulus
14 painful 15 stimulus
15 stimulus 17 t1
15 stimulus 19 ,
16 ( 17 t1
17 t1 18 )
19 , 34 and
20 a 22 increase
21 slight 22 increase
22 increase 23 in
22 increase 25 from
22 increase 34 and
23 in 24 temperature
25 from 26 t1
26 t1 27 for
26 t1 31 t2
27 for 29 seconds
28 5 29 seconds
30 ( 31 t2
31 t2 32 )
33 , 34 and
34 and 38 back
34 and 42 testing
34 and 48 t3
35 a 36 slight
35 a 38 back
36 slight 37 decrease
37 decrease 38 back
38 back 39 to
39 to 41 initial
40 the 41 initial
42 testing 43 temperature
43 temperature 44 for
44 for 46 seconds
45 10 46 seconds
47 ( 48 t3
48 t3 49 )

during each trial , subjects rated pain [intensity] continuously using an electronic visual analogue scale ( 0 - 100 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 during 3 trial
1 during 4 ,
1 during 5 subjects
2 each 3 trial
5 subjects 6 rated
6 rated 7 pain
7 pain 10 using
9 continuously 10 using
10 using 15 scale
11 an 12 electronic
11 an 15 scale
12 electronic 14 analogue
13 visual 14 analogue
14 analogue 15 scale
15 scale 18 -
16 ( 18 -
17 0 18 -
18 - 19 100
18 - 20 )

older adults demonstrated reduced offset compared to younger adults when tested on the volar forearm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 demonstrated
2 adults 4 reduced
4 reduced 5 offset
5 offset 6 compared
6 compared 7 to
6 compared 10 when
7 to 9 adults
8 younger 9 adults
10 when 11 tested
11 tested 12 on
12 on 15 forearm
13 the 15 forearm
14 volar 15 forearm

interestingly , offset analgesia was nonexistent on the palm for all subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analgesia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 analgesia
3 offset 4 analgesia
4 analgesia 5 was
5 was 6 nonexistent
6 nonexistent 7 on
7 on 9 palm
8 the 9 palm
9 palm 10 for
10 for 12 subjects
11 all 12 subjects

the reduced offset found in older adults may reflect an age [-] related decline in endogenous inhibitory systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 offset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 offset
2 reduced 3 offset
3 offset 4 found
3 offset 8 may
4 found 5 in
5 in 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 may 9 reflect
9 reflect 14 decline
9 reflect 15 in
10 an 11 age
10 an 14 decline
11 age 13 related
13 related 14 decline
15 in 18 systems
16 endogenous 18 systems
17 inhibitory 18 systems

however , although the exact mechanisms underlying offset remain unknown , the absence of offset at the palm suggests that peripheral mechanisms may be involved in initiating this phenomenon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 absence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 13 absence
2 , 3 although
3 although 6 mechanisms
3 although 9 remain
3 although 11 ,
3 although 13 absence
4 the 6 mechanisms
5 exact 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 underlying
6 mechanisms 9 remain
7 underlying 8 offset
9 remain 10 unknown
12 the 13 absence
13 absence 14 of
13 absence 19 suggests
14 of 15 offset
15 offset 16 at
16 at 18 palm
17 the 18 palm
19 suggests 20 that
20 that 22 mechanisms
20 that 25 involved
21 peripheral 22 mechanisms
22 mechanisms 23 may
23 may 24 be
24 be 25 involved
25 involved 26 in
26 in 27 initiating
27 initiating 29 phenomenon
28 this 29 phenomenon

unlike prospective time perception paradigms , in which participants are aware that they have to estimate forthcoming time , little is known about retrospective time perception in normal aging and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 unlike 5 paradigms
1 unlike 19 ,
1 unlike 20 little
2 prospective 5 paradigms
3 time 5 paradigms
4 perception 5 paradigms
5 paradigms 7 in
6 , 7 in
7 in 8 which
7 in 9 participants
7 in 10 are
7 in 19 ,
9 participants 10 are
10 are 11 aware
11 aware 12 that
12 that 13 they
12 that 14 have
13 they 14 have
14 have 15 to
15 to 16 estimate
16 estimate 18 time
17 forthcoming 18 time
20 little 21 is
21 is 22 known
22 known 23 about
22 known 27 in
23 about 26 perception
24 retrospective 26 perception
25 time 26 perception
27 in 30 and
28 normal 29 aging
28 normal 30 and
30 and 33 disease
30 and 35 ad
31 alzheimer 32 's
32 's 33 disease
34 ( 35 ad
35 ad 36 )

our paper addresses this shortcoming by comparing prospective and retrospective time estimation in younger adults , older adults , and ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 addresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 paper
2 paper 3 addresses
3 addresses 5 shortcoming
3 addresses 6 by
4 this 5 shortcoming
6 by 7 comparing
7 comparing 11 time
7 comparing 12 estimation
7 comparing 13 in
8 prospective 9 and
9 and 10 retrospective
9 and 11 time
13 in 20 and
14 younger 15 adults
15 adults 16 ,
16 , 18 adults
16 , 20 and
17 older 18 adults
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 patients
21 ad 22 patients

in four prospective tasks ( lasting 30 s , 60 s , 90 s , [or] 120 s ) participants were asked to read a series of numbers and to provide [a] verbal estimation of the reading time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 4 tasks
1 in 20 participants
2 four 4 tasks
3 prospective 4 tasks
4 tasks 6 lasting
4 tasks 11 s
4 tasks 14 s
4 tasks 18 s
5 ( 6 lasting
6 lasting 8 s
6 lasting 9 ,
7 30 8 s
9 , 11 s
10 60 11 s
11 s 12 ,
12 , 14 s
13 90 14 s
14 s 15 ,
15 , 18 s
17 120 18 s
18 s 19 )
20 participants 29 and
21 were 22 asked
21 were 29 and
22 asked 23 to
22 asked 24 read
23 to 24 read
24 read 26 series
25 a 26 series
26 series 27 of
27 of 28 numbers
29 and 30 to
29 and 31 provide
30 to 31 provide
31 provide 34 estimation
33 verbal 34 estimation
34 estimation 35 of
35 of 38 time
36 the 38 time
37 reading 38 time

in four other retrospective tasks , they were not informed about time judgment until they were asked to provide a verbal estimation of four elapsed time intervals ( lasting 30 s , 60 s , 90 s , [or] 120 s ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 5 tasks
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 they
2 four 3 other
3 other 5 tasks
4 retrospective 5 tasks
7 they 8 were
8 were 9 not
8 were 11 about
8 were 14 until
9 not 10 informed
11 about 13 judgment
12 time 13 judgment
14 until 15 they
14 until 17 asked
15 they 16 were
16 were 17 asked
17 asked 18 to
17 asked 19 provide
18 to 19 provide
19 provide 26 time
19 provide 27 intervals
20 a 21 verbal
20 a 26 time
21 verbal 22 estimation
22 estimation 23 of
22 estimation 25 elapsed
23 of 24 four
27 intervals 29 lasting
27 intervals 34 s
27 intervals 37 s
27 intervals 41 s
28 ( 29 lasting
29 lasting 31 s
29 lasting 32 ,
30 30 31 s
32 , 34 s
33 60 34 s
34 s 35 ,
35 , 37 s
36 90 37 s
37 s 38 ,
38 , 41 s
40 120 41 s
41 s 42 )

ad participants gave shorter verbal time estimations than older adults and younger participants did , suggesting that time is perceived to pass quickly in these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gave
1 ad 2 participants
2 participants 3 gave
3 gave 6 time
3 gave 7 estimations
3 gave 8 than
4 shorter 6 time
5 verbal 6 time
8 than 14 did
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 and
11 and 13 participants
11 and 14 did
12 younger 13 participants
14 did 16 suggesting
15 , 16 suggesting
16 suggesting 17 that
16 suggesting 27 .
17 that 18 time
17 that 20 perceived
18 time 19 is
19 is 20 perceived
20 perceived 21 to
20 perceived 22 pass
21 to 22 pass
22 pass 23 quickly
22 pass 24 in
24 in 26 patients
25 these 26 patients

for all participants , the duration of the retrospective tasks was underestimated as compared to the prospective tasks and both estimations were shorter than the real time interval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 for 3 participants
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 duration
2 all 3 participants
5 the 6 duration
6 duration 7 of
6 duration 11 was
7 of 10 tasks
8 the 10 tasks
9 retrospective 10 tasks
11 was 12 underestimated
12 underestimated 13 as
13 as 14 compared
14 compared 15 to
15 to 18 tasks
16 the 18 tasks
17 prospective 18 tasks
19 and 21 estimations
19 and 22 were
20 both 21 estimations
21 estimations 22 were
22 were 23 shorter
23 shorter 24 than
24 than 28 interval
25 the 28 interval
26 real 28 interval
27 time 28 interval

prospective time estimation was further correlated with mental time travel , as measured with the remember/know paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 estimation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 prospective 3 estimation
2 time 3 estimation
3 estimation 4 was
4 was 5 further
4 was 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 with
6 correlated 11 ,
6 correlated 13 measured
7 with 10 travel
8 mental 10 travel
9 time 10 travel
12 as 13 measured
13 measured 14 with
14 with 17 paradigm
15 the 17 paradigm
16 remember/know 17 paradigm

mental time travel was even higher correlated with retrospective time estimation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 mental 2 time
2 time 3 travel
2 time 4 was
2 time 7 correlated
3 travel 4 was
4 was 5 even
5 even 6 higher
7 correlated 8 with
8 with 11 estimation
9 retrospective 11 estimation
10 time 11 estimation

our findings shed light on the relationship between time perception and the ability to mentally project oneself into time , two skills contributing to human memory functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shed
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 shed
3 shed 4 light
3 shed 5 on
3 shed 8 between
3 shed 14 to
5 on 7 relationship
6 the 7 relationship
8 between 11 and
9 time 10 perception
10 perception 11 and
11 and 13 ability
12 the 13 ability
14 to 16 project
15 mentally 16 project
16 project 17 oneself
16 project 18 into
18 into 19 time
19 time 22 skills
20 , 22 skills
21 two 22 skills
22 skills 23 contributing
22 skills 27 functioning
22 skills 28 .
23 contributing 24 to
24 to 26 memory
25 human 26 memory

finally , time perception deficits , as observed in ad patients , can be interpreted in terms of dramatic changes occurring in frontal lobes and hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 time
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 time
3 time 5 deficits
4 perception 5 deficits
5 deficits 7 as
6 , 7 as
7 as 12 ,
7 as 27 .
8 observed 9 in
8 observed 11 patients
8 observed 12 ,
9 in 10 ad
12 , 13 can
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 interpreted
15 interpreted 16 in
16 in 17 terms
17 terms 18 of
18 of 20 changes
19 dramatic 20 changes
20 changes 21 occurring
21 occurring 22 in
22 in 25 and
23 frontal 24 lobes
24 lobes 25 and
25 and 26 hippocampus

cutaneous aging translates drastic structural and functional alterations in the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cutaneous
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 translates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cutaneous 2 aging
1 cutaneous 3 translates
3 translates 8 alterations
3 translates 9 in
4 drastic 8 alterations
5 structural 6 and
6 and 7 functional
6 and 8 alterations
9 in 12 matrix
10 the 12 matrix
11 extracellular 12 matrix
12 matrix 14 ecm
13 ( 14 ecm
14 ecm 15 )

multiple mechanisms are involved , including changes in protease levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 multiple 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 are
3 are 4 involved
5 , 6 including
5 , 10 levels
6 including 7 changes
6 including 8 in
6 including 10 levels
8 in 9 protease

we investigated the age - related protein expression and activity of cysteine cathepsins and the expression of two endogenous protein inhibitors in young and aged caucasian women skin epidermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 age
3 the 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 14 and
6 related 22 in
7 protein 8 expression
8 expression 9 and
9 and 10 activity
9 and 11 of
9 and 14 and
11 of 13 cathepsins
12 cysteine 13 cathepsins
14 and 16 expression
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 expression
17 of 21 inhibitors
18 two 21 inhibitors
19 endogenous 21 inhibitors
20 protein 21 inhibitors
22 in 26 caucasian
23 young 24 and
24 and 25 aged
24 and 26 caucasian
26 caucasian 27 women
26 caucasian 28 skin
27 women 28 skin
28 skin 29 epidermis

immunofluorescence studies indicate that the expression of cathepsins k , s and v , as well as cystatins a and m/e within keratinocytes is reduced in photoprotected skin of aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 immunofluorescence 2 studies
2 studies 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 expression
4 that 25 reduced
5 the 6 expression
6 expression 7 of
6 expression 17 as
6 expression 24 is
7 of 8 cathepsins
8 cathepsins 9 k
8 cathepsins 12 and
10 , 12 and
11 s 12 and
12 and 13 v
12 and 14 ,
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 20 and
18 cystatins 19 a
18 cystatins 20 and
20 and 21 m/e
20 and 22 within
22 within 23 keratinocytes
24 is 25 reduced
25 reduced 26 in
26 in 28 skin
27 photoprotected 28 skin
28 skin 29 of
29 of 31 women
30 aged 31 women

furthermore , the overall endopeptidase activity of cysteine cathepsins in epidermis lysates decreased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 cathepsins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 activity
3 the 6 activity
4 overall 5 endopeptidase
5 endopeptidase 6 activity
6 activity 7 of
6 activity 9 cathepsins
7 of 8 cysteine
9 cathepsins 10 in
10 in 12 lysates
11 epidermis 12 lysates
12 lysates 13 decreased
13 decreased 14 with
14 with 15 age

albeit dermal elastic fiber and laminin expression is reduced in aged skin , staining of nidogen - 1 , a key protein in bm [assembly] that is sensitive to proteolysis by cysteine , metallo - and serine proteases , [has] a similar pattern in both young and aged skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 skin
1 albeit 5 and
1 albeit 11 aged
1 albeit 12 skin
2 dermal 3 elastic
3 elastic 4 fiber
4 fiber 5 and
5 and 6 laminin
5 and 7 expression
5 and 10 in
5 and 11 aged
7 expression 8 is
8 is 9 reduced
9 reduced 10 in
12 skin 17 -
12 skin 22 protein
13 , 17 -
14 staining 15 of
14 staining 17 -
15 of 16 nidogen
17 - 18 1
17 - 19 ,
20 a 22 protein
21 key 22 protein
22 protein 23 in
22 protein 28 sensitive
22 protein 31 by
23 in 24 bm
24 bm 26 that
24 bm 27 is
26 that 27 is
28 sensitive 29 to
29 to 30 proteolysis
31 by 38 proteases
32 cysteine 33 ,
33 , 34 metallo
33 , 36 and
35 - 36 and
36 and 37 serine
36 and 38 proteases
38 proteases 43 pattern
39 , 43 pattern
41 a 42 similar
41 a 43 pattern
42 similar 43 pattern
43 pattern 44 in
43 pattern 50 .
44 in 47 and
45 both 47 and
46 young 47 and
47 and 49 skin
48 aged 49 skin

since cathepsins contribute to the hydrolysis and turnover of ecm/basement membrane components , the abnormal protein degradation and deposition during aging process may be related in part to a decline of lysosomal/endosomal cathepsin k , s and v activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 since 2 cathepsins
1 since 3 contribute
3 contribute 4 to
4 to 7 and
5 the 6 hydrolysis
6 hydrolysis 7 and
7 and 8 turnover
7 and 9 of
9 of 12 components
10 ecm/basement 12 components
11 membrane 12 components
13 , 24 be
14 the 17 degradation
15 abnormal 16 protein
16 protein 17 degradation
17 degradation 18 and
18 and 19 deposition
18 and 20 during
18 and 23 may
20 during 22 process
21 aging 22 process
23 may 24 be
24 be 25 related
25 related 27 part
26 in 27 part
27 part 28 to
28 to 39 activity
29 a 30 decline
30 decline 31 of
30 decline 35 ,
31 of 33 cathepsin
32 lysosomal/endosomal 33 cathepsin
33 cathepsin 34 k
35 , 36 s
35 , 37 and
37 and 38 v
37 and 39 activity

purpose of study : a theoretical integration of the life course perspective , cumulative advantage , disadvantage or inequality , and stress processing theories provide an important integrated lens to study the relationship between accumulated interpersonal , social - structural , and historical trauma and stressful experiences on mental well - being mental well - being in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 study
3 study 4 :
4 : 21 and
5 a 21 and
6 theoretical 7 integration
7 integration 8 of
7 integration 13 ,
8 of 12 perspective
9 the 12 perspective
10 life 11 course
11 course 12 perspective
13 , 15 advantage
13 , 16 ,
14 cumulative 15 advantage
16 , 17 disadvantage
16 , 18 or
18 or 19 inequality
18 or 20 ,
18 or 21 and
21 and 22 stress
21 and 24 theories
21 and 31 study
23 processing 24 theories
24 theories 25 provide
25 provide 29 lens
25 provide 30 to
26 an 27 important
26 an 29 lens
27 important 29 lens
28 integrated 29 lens
30 to 31 study
31 study 33 relationship
31 study 34 between
32 the 33 relationship
34 between 45 and
35 accumulated 44 trauma
36 interpersonal 37 ,
36 interpersonal 44 trauma
38 social 39 -
38 social 44 trauma
40 structural 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 historical
42 and 44 trauma
44 trauma 45 and
45 and 47 experiences
46 stressful 47 experiences
47 experiences 48 on
47 experiences 56 being
48 on 50 well
49 mental 50 well
50 well 52 being
51 - 52 being
52 being 53 mental
52 being 55 -
53 mental 54 well
56 being 57 in
57 in 59 life
58 later 59 life

design and methods : this study builds upon the extant literature by examining the mediating role of coping resources on the relationship between trauma and stressful life experiences , post traumatic stress symptoms , and mental well - being among a sample of 677 adults aged 50 and older in prison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 study
4 : 7 builds
4 : 29 ,
4 : 38 -
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 builds
7 builds 8 upon
7 builds 12 by
7 builds 20 on
7 builds 23 between
8 upon 11 literature
9 the 11 literature
10 extant 11 literature
12 by 13 examining
13 examining 16 role
14 the 16 role
15 mediating 16 role
16 role 17 of
17 of 18 coping
18 coping 19 resources
20 on 22 relationship
21 the 22 relationship
23 between 25 and
24 trauma 25 and
25 and 28 experiences
25 and 29 ,
26 stressful 27 life
27 life 28 experiences
29 , 35 and
30 post 33 symptoms
31 traumatic 32 stress
32 stress 33 symptoms
33 symptoms 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 well
35 and 38 -
36 mental 37 well
38 - 39 being
39 being 40 among
39 being 43 of
40 among 42 sample
41 a 42 sample
43 of 44 677
44 677 48 and
45 adults 46 aged
45 adults 48 and
46 aged 47 50
48 and 49 older
48 and 50 in
50 in 51 prison

results : the majority ( 70 % ) reported experiencing one or more traumatic or stressful life experiences during their life span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 majority
2 : 9 reported
3 the 4 majority
4 majority 7 %
4 majority 9 reported
5 ( 7 %
6 70 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 reported 18 experiences
10 experiencing 18 experiences
11 one 12 or
12 or 13 more
12 or 17 life
14 traumatic 15 or
15 or 16 stressful
15 or 17 life
17 life 18 experiences
18 experiences 19 during
19 during 22 span
20 their 22 span
21 life 22 span

participants also reported on average 11 occurrences of multilevel trauma and stressful life events and lingering subjective distress related to these events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 participants 3 reported
2 also 3 reported
3 reported 5 average
3 reported 15 and
3 reported 19 related
4 on 5 average
6 11 7 occurrences
7 occurrences 8 of
7 occurrences 11 and
8 of 10 trauma
9 multilevel 10 trauma
11 and 14 events
11 and 15 and
12 stressful 13 life
13 life 14 events
15 and 18 distress
15 and 19 related
16 lingering 18 distress
17 subjective 18 distress
19 related 20 to
20 to 22 events
21 these 22 events

results of a structural equation model revealed that internal and external coping resources [(] e.g . , cognitive , emotional , physical , spiritual , and social ) had a significant and inverse effect on the relationship between trauma and stressful life experiences and mental well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 7 revealed
2 of 6 model
3 a 4 structural
3 a 6 model
4 structural 6 model
5 equation 6 model
7 revealed 8 that
8 that 13 resources
8 that 15 e.g
9 internal 10 and
10 and 11 external
10 and 13 resources
12 coping 13 resources
13 resources 15 e.g
16 . 26 and
17 , 18 cognitive
18 cognitive 19 ,
18 cognitive 26 and
20 emotional 21 ,
21 , 24 spiritual
21 , 26 and
22 physical 23 ,
22 physical 24 spiritual
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 social
26 and 28 )
26 and 29 had
29 had 34 effect
29 had 35 on
29 had 38 between
30 a 34 effect
31 significant 32 and
32 and 33 inverse
32 and 34 effect
35 on 37 relationship
36 the 37 relationship
38 between 40 and
39 trauma 40 and
40 and 48 being
41 stressful 42 life
42 life 43 experiences
43 experiences 44 and
44 and 46 well
44 and 47 -
44 and 48 being
45 mental 46 well

implications : as prisons are forced to deal with an aging population , research in this area can take the preliminary steps to enhance understanding of risk and resilience among older adults in prison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 17 area
2 : 19 take
3 as 4 prisons
3 as 6 forced
3 as 17 area
4 prisons 5 are
5 are 6 forced
6 forced 7 to
6 forced 13 ,
7 to 13 ,
8 deal 9 with
8 deal 13 ,
9 with 12 population
10 an 12 population
11 aging 12 population
13 , 14 research
13 , 15 in
15 in 16 this
17 area 18 can
18 can 19 take
19 take 22 steps
19 take 23 to
19 take 30 among
20 the 22 steps
21 preliminary 22 steps
23 to 24 enhance
24 enhance 25 understanding
25 understanding 26 of
26 of 28 and
27 risk 28 and
28 and 29 resilience
30 among 32 adults
31 older 32 adults
32 adults 33 in
33 in 34 prison

this understanding will aid in the development and improvement of integrated theory - based interventions seeking to increase human rights , health , and well - being among older adults in prison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 understanding
2 understanding 3 will
3 will 4 aid
4 aid 5 in
4 aid 8 and
5 in 7 development
6 the 7 development
8 and 9 improvement
8 and 10 of
8 and 24 and
10 of 12 theory
11 integrated 12 theory
12 theory 15 interventions
13 - 15 interventions
14 based 15 interventions
15 interventions 16 seeking
15 interventions 23 ,
16 seeking 17 to
16 seeking 18 increase
17 to 18 increase
18 increase 20 rights
19 human 20 rights
20 rights 22 health
21 , 22 health
22 health 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 well
24 and 26 -
24 and 27 being
27 being 28 among
27 being 31 in
28 among 30 adults
29 older 30 adults
31 in 32 prison

objectives : this study sought to determine the relationship of cardiovascular magnetic resonance ( cmr ) measures of tissue composition to age in the multi - ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( mesa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 sought
4 study 6 to
4 study 17 measures
4 study 18 of
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 9 relationship
7 determine 17 measures
8 the 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 of
9 relationship 17 measures
10 of 13 resonance
11 cardiovascular 13 resonance
12 magnetic 13 resonance
13 resonance 15 cmr
14 ( 15 cmr
15 cmr 16 )
18 of 20 composition
19 tissue 20 composition
20 composition 21 to
20 composition 28 study
21 to 22 age
22 age 23 in
23 in 25 multi
24 the 25 multi
26 - 28 study
27 ethnic 28 study
28 study 29 of
28 study 33 )
29 of 30 atherosclerosis
30 atherosclerosis 32 mesa
31 ( 32 mesa
32 mesa 33 )

background : animal and human studies have demonstrated increased collagen deposition in senescent hearts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 8 demonstrated
3 animal 4 and
4 and 6 studies
4 and 7 have
5 human 6 studies
7 have 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 11 deposition
8 demonstrated 12 in
9 increased 11 deposition
10 collagen 11 deposition
12 in 14 hearts
13 senescent 14 hearts

new cmr indices of tissue composition by using t1 mapping are sensitive to the presence [of] myocardial fibrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 new 2 cmr
2 cmr 3 indices
3 indices 4 of
3 indices 11 are
4 of 6 composition
5 tissue 6 composition
6 composition 7 by
7 by 8 using
8 using 10 mapping
9 t1 10 mapping
11 are 12 sensitive
12 sensitive 13 to
13 to 18 fibrosis
14 the 18 fibrosis
15 presence 18 fibrosis
17 myocardial 18 fibrosis

methods : a total of 1,231 study participants ( 51 % women ; age range 54 to 93 years [ )(of the mesa cohort were evaluated with t1 mapping by using 1.5 - t cmr scanners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 mapping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 12 women
5 of 8 participants
6 1,231 8 participants
7 study 8 participants
9 ( 12 women
10 51 12 women
11 % 12 women
12 women 13 ;
13 ; 14 age
14 age 15 range
15 range 17 to
15 range 19 years
15 range 29 mapping
16 54 17 to
17 to 18 93
19 years 21 )(of
19 years 25 were
21 )(of 24 cohort
22 the 24 cohort
23 mesa 24 cohort
25 were 26 evaluated
26 evaluated 27 with
27 with 28 t1
28 t1 29 mapping
29 mapping 30 by
29 mapping 31 using
31 using 36 scanners
32 1.5 33 -
33 - 34 t
33 - 36 scanners
35 cmr 36 scanners

none of the participants had focal scar [on] delayed enhancement cmr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 4 participants
2 of 4 participants
3 the 4 participants
4 participants 5 had
5 had 11 cmr
6 focal 7 scar
7 scar 9 delayed
9 delayed 10 enhancement
10 enhancement 11 cmr

single - slice t1 mapping was performed at the midventricular level before and at 12 - and 25 - min delay after administration of gadolinium contrast by using a modified look - locker inversion recovery sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 single
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 single 2 -
1 single 3 slice
3 slice 4 t1
3 slice 11 level
3 slice 17 and
4 t1 5 mapping
4 t1 8 at
5 mapping 6 was
6 was 7 performed
7 performed 8 at
9 the 11 level
10 midventricular 11 level
11 level 13 and
12 before 13 and
13 and 14 at
14 at 15 12
16 - 17 and
17 and 18 25
17 and 36 sequence
18 25 21 delay
19 - 21 delay
20 min 21 delay
21 delay 22 after
21 delay 32 -
22 after 23 administration
23 administration 24 of
24 of 26 contrast
25 gadolinium 26 contrast
26 contrast 27 by
27 by 28 using
28 using 31 look
29 a 31 look
30 modified 31 look
33 locker 36 sequence
34 inversion 36 sequence
35 recovery 36 sequence

the partition coefficient was determined by the slope of the linear relationship [of] ( 1/t1myo vs [.] 1/t1blood ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 coefficient
2 partition 3 coefficient
3 coefficient 4 was
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 by
6 by 8 slope
7 the 8 slope
8 slope 9 of
9 of 12 relationship
10 the 12 relationship
11 linear 12 relationship
12 relationship 15 1/t1myo
14 ( 15 1/t1myo
15 1/t1myo 16 vs
15 1/t1myo 19 )
16 vs 18 1/t1blood

the extracellular volume fraction ( ecv ) was derived accounting for the hematocrit level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 4 fraction
2 extracellular 3 volume
3 volume 4 fraction
4 fraction 6 ecv
4 fraction 8 was
5 ( 6 ecv
6 ecv 7 )
8 was 10 accounting
9 derived 10 accounting
10 accounting 11 for
11 for 14 level
12 the 14 level
13 hematocrit 14 level

multivariable regression analyses were performed , adjusting for traditional risk factors and left [ventricular] structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 multivariable 3 analyses
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 performed
6 , 7 adjusting
6 , 12 and
7 adjusting 8 for
7 adjusting 12 and
8 for 10 risk
9 traditional 10 risk
11 factors 12 and
12 and 13 left
12 and 15 structure

results : women had significantly greater partition [coefficient] , ecv , and precontrast t1 than men , as well as lower post - contrast t1 values ( [all] p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 women
2 : 4 had
2 : 23 -
3 women 4 had
4 had 12 and
4 had 15 than
4 had 20 as
5 significantly 6 greater
6 greater 7 partition
7 partition 9 ,
9 , 10 ecv
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 t1
13 precontrast 14 t1
15 than 16 men
17 , 20 as
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 22 post
20 as 23 -
21 lower 22 post
23 - 24 contrast
23 - 33 .
24 contrast 26 values
24 contrast 30 <
25 t1 26 values
27 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.05
30 < 32 )

in general , linear regression analyses demonstrated that greater partition coefficient , pre - contrast t1 values , and ecv were associated with older age in men [(] multivariate regression coefficients = 0.01 [;] [5.9] [ms] [;] and 1.04 % per 10 years ['] change [;] all p < 0.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 in 6 analyses
2 general 3 ,
2 general 5 regression
4 linear 5 regression
5 regression 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 11 coefficient
8 that 11 coefficient
9 greater 10 partition
10 partition 11 coefficient
12 , 15 contrast
13 pre 14 -
13 pre 15 contrast
15 contrast 19 and
15 contrast 21 were
15 contrast 22 associated
16 t1 17 values
17 values 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 ecv
19 and 21 were
22 associated 23 with
22 associated 31 coefficients
23 with 25 age
24 older 25 age
25 age 26 in
26 in 27 men
29 multivariate 31 coefficients
30 regression 31 coefficients
31 coefficients 38 and
32 = 33 0.01
33 0.01 38 and
38 and 39 1.04
39 1.04 40 %
40 % 41 per
40 % 45 change
41 per 43 years
42 10 43 years
45 change 47 all
45 change 49 <
48 p 49 <
49 < 50 0.05
49 < 52 )(

ecv was also significantly associated with age in women after multivariable adjustments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ecv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 ecv 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 5 associated
4 significantly 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 8 in
5 associated 10 after
6 with 7 age
8 in 9 women
10 after 12 adjustments
11 multivariable 12 adjustments

conclusions : cmr parameters that have been associated with myocardial fibrosis [were] related [to] older age in the mesa study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 parameters
3 cmr 4 parameters
4 parameters 5 that
4 parameters 6 have
5 that 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 17 in
9 with 16 age
10 myocardial 11 fibrosis
11 fibrosis 13 related
13 related 16 age
15 older 16 age
17 in 20 study
18 the 20 study
19 mesa 20 study

women had higher ecv than men but less ecv change over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 women 2 had
2 had 4 ecv
2 had 5 than
2 had 10 change
3 higher 4 ecv
5 than 7 but
6 men 7 but
7 but 8 less
7 but 9 ecv
10 change 11 over
10 change 12 time

none objective : since dual energy x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) cannot distinguish between different adipose tissue ( at ) deposits , it remains unclear [how] dxa - derived body composition variables relate to anatomical tissue ( sub )compartments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 distinguish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
1 none 2 objective
1 none 3 :
1 none 15 distinguish
2 objective 3 :
3 : 4 since
4 since 6 energy
4 since 14 cannot
5 dual 6 energy
6 energy 7 x
6 energy 10 absorptiometry
6 energy 14 cannot
8 - 10 absorptiometry
9 ray 10 absorptiometry
10 absorptiometry 12 dxa
10 absorptiometry 13 )
11 ( 12 dxa
12 dxa 13 )
15 distinguish 16 between
16 between 18 adipose
17 different 18 adipose
18 adipose 19 tissue
18 adipose 23 deposits
19 tissue 21 at
19 tissue 23 deposits
20 ( 21 at
21 at 22 )
24 , 25 it
24 , 26 remains
24 , 30 -
25 it 26 remains
26 remains 29 dxa
27 unclear 29 dxa
30 - 34 variables
30 - 35 relate
31 derived 32 body
32 body 34 variables
33 composition 34 variables
34 variables 35 relate
35 relate 36 to
36 to 38 tissue
37 anatomical 38 tissue
38 tissue 41 )compartments
39 ( 41 )compartments
40 sub 41 )compartments
41 )compartments 42 .

the aim of the present study was to compare and relate regional dxa variables with absolute tissue masses obtained by computer tomography ( ct ) scanning of the lower limbs in elderly persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 10 and
8 to 10 and
9 compare 10 and
10 and 11 relate
11 relate 14 variables
12 regional 14 variables
13 dxa 14 variables
14 variables 15 with
14 variables 19 obtained
14 variables 20 by
14 variables 26 scanning
14 variables 27 of
15 with 18 masses
16 absolute 18 masses
17 tissue 18 masses
20 by 22 tomography
21 computer 22 tomography
22 tomography 24 ct
23 ( 24 ct
24 ct 25 )
27 of 30 limbs
28 the 30 limbs
29 lower 30 limbs
30 limbs 31 in
31 in 33 persons
32 elderly 33 persons

methods : eleven well - preserved white caucasian adults ( seven male and four female cadavers ) with a median age of 79.0 years ( ranging from 68 to 96 years ) were fully scanned with dxa and ct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 well
3 eleven 4 well
5 - 9 adults
5 - 35 scanned
6 preserved 7 white
7 white 9 adults
8 caucasian 9 adults
9 adults 11 seven
9 adults 33 were
10 ( 11 seven
11 seven 13 and
11 seven 21 age
11 seven 22 of
11 seven 32 )
12 male 13 and
13 and 16 cadavers
13 and 17 )
13 and 18 with
13 and 21 age
14 four 16 cadavers
15 female 16 cadavers
18 with 20 median
19 a 20 median
22 of 24 years
23 79.0 24 years
24 years 26 ranging
25 ( 26 ranging
26 ranging 31 years
26 ranging 32 )
27 from 29 to
28 68 29 to
29 to 30 96
29 to 31 years
33 were 35 scanned
34 fully 35 scanned
35 scanned 36 with
36 with 39 ct
37 dxa 38 and
38 and 39 ct

separate densities of skin tissue , at , muscle tissue and bone were obtained by hydrostatic weighing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 separate 2 densities
2 densities 3 of
2 densities 6 ,
3 of 5 tissue
4 skin 5 tissue
6 , 7 at
6 , 8 ,
8 , 10 tissue
8 , 11 and
9 muscle 10 tissue
11 and 12 bone
11 and 13 were
13 were 14 obtained
14 obtained 15 by
15 by 17 weighing
16 hydrostatic 17 weighing

results : the leg dxa - variables were significantly related ( rho - values between 0.60 and 0.98 , p < 0.01 ) to ct - derived tissue counterparts , but showed significant systematic differences except for subcutaneous at mass ( p = 0.773 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 dxa
3 the 5 dxa
4 leg 5 dxa
6 - 7 variables
6 - 31 but
6 - 46 .
7 variables 31 but
8 were 10 related
8 were 31 but
9 significantly 10 related
10 related 13 -
10 related 21 <
10 related 24 to
11 ( 13 -
12 rho 13 -
13 - 14 values
13 - 19 ,
14 values 17 and
15 between 17 and
16 0.60 17 and
17 and 18 0.98
19 , 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.01
21 < 23 )
24 to 25 ct
25 ct 29 counterparts
26 - 29 counterparts
27 derived 28 tissue
28 tissue 29 counterparts
29 counterparts 30 ,
30 , 31 but
31 but 32 showed
32 showed 35 differences
32 showed 40 mass
33 significant 35 differences
34 systematic 35 differences
35 differences 36 except
35 differences 40 mass
36 except 37 for
37 for 39 at
38 subcutaneous 39 at
40 mass 43 =
41 ( 43 =
42 p 43 =
43 = 44 0.773
43 = 45 )

after controlling for other at depots , fat as measured by dxa ( fat ( dxa ) ) related only to intermuscular at [(] rho = 0.82 , p < 0.01 ) in males and to subcutaneous at ( rho [=] 0.84 , p < 0.05 [ )(in females . 
1 after 2 controlling
1 after 7 ,
1 after 8 fat
2 controlling 3 for
3 for 6 depots
4 other 6 depots
5 at 6 depots
8 fat 10 measured
8 fat 19 related
9 as 10 measured
10 measured 11 by
11 by 12 dxa
12 dxa 14 fat
13 ( 14 fat
14 fat 16 dxa
14 fat 18 )
15 ( 16 dxa
16 dxa 17 )
19 related 20 only
20 only 21 to
21 to 23 at
22 intermuscular 23 at
23 at 25 rho
23 at 26 =
25 rho 26 =
26 = 30 <
26 = 35 and
27 0.82 30 <
28 , 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.01
30 < 32 )
33 in 34 males
33 in 35 and
35 and 36 to
36 to 38 at
37 subcutaneous 38 at
38 at 40 rho
39 ( 40 rho
40 rho 42 0.84
40 rho 45 <
40 rho 50 .
43 , 45 <
44 p 45 <
45 < 49 females
46 0.05 48 )(in
48 )(in 49 females

conclusion : although significantly interrelated , dxa and ct variables should not be used interchangeably since they have different quantitative and physiological significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 although
3 although 8 and
4 significantly 5 interrelated
5 interrelated 6 ,
5 interrelated 8 and
7 dxa 8 and
8 and 10 variables
8 and 11 should
9 ct 10 variables
11 should 12 not
11 should 13 be
13 be 14 used
14 used 15 interchangeably
14 used 16 since
16 since 17 they
16 since 18 have
17 they 18 have
18 have 23 significance
19 different 23 significance
20 quantitative 21 and
21 and 22 physiological
21 and 23 significance

our results suggest that fat ( dxa ) represents different parts of at depots in elderly men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 fat
4 that 9 represents
5 fat 7 dxa
5 fat 9 represents
6 ( 7 dxa
7 dxa 8 )
9 represents 11 parts
9 represents 15 in
10 different 11 parts
11 parts 12 of
12 of 14 depots
13 at 14 depots
15 in 18 and
16 elderly 17 men
17 men 18 and
18 and 19 women

since dxa is not appropriate for assessing tissue variability cautious clinical interpretation is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 since 2 dxa
1 since 3 is
1 since 12 interpretation
2 dxa 3 is
3 is 4 not
3 is 5 appropriate
4 not 5 appropriate
5 appropriate 6 for
6 for 7 assessing
7 assessing 9 variability
8 tissue 9 variability
10 cautious 12 interpretation
11 clinical 12 interpretation
12 interpretation 13 is
13 is 14 warranted

aging is a dominant risk factor for end [-] stage renal disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 6 factor
3 a 4 dominant
3 a 6 factor
4 dominant 6 factor
5 risk 6 factor
6 factor 7 for
7 for 12 disease
8 end 12 disease
10 stage 12 disease
11 renal 12 disease

we analyzed the mechanism involved in age - related exacerbation of proteinuria - induced proximal tubular [cell] ( ptc ) damage by focusing on endoplasmic reticulum - related unfolded protein [response] ( upr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 4 mechanism
3 the 4 mechanism
4 mechanism 5 involved
5 involved 6 in
6 in 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 exacerbation
9 related 22 by
10 exacerbation 11 of
11 of 21 damage
12 proteinuria 13 -
12 proteinuria 21 damage
14 induced 21 damage
15 proximal 21 damage
16 tubular 19 ptc
16 tubular 20 )
16 tubular 21 damage
18 ( 19 ptc
19 ptc 20 )
22 by 23 focusing
23 focusing 24 on
24 on 30 protein
25 endoplasmic 30 protein
26 reticulum 27 -
26 reticulum 30 protein
28 related 30 protein
29 unfolded 30 protein
30 protein 33 upr
32 ( 33 upr
33 upr 34 )

after equal - degree induction of proteinuria in 24 [-] month - old ( aged ) and 3 [-] month [-] old ( young ) mice by intraperitoneal free fatty acid - bound albumin [overload] , tubulointerstitial lesions were more severe in aged than in young mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 after 5 induction
1 after 12 -
1 after 26 mice
2 equal 3 -
2 equal 5 induction
4 degree 5 induction
5 induction 6 of
6 of 7 proteinuria
7 proteinuria 8 in
8 in 11 month
9 24 11 month
13 old 15 aged
13 old 17 and
14 ( 15 aged
15 aged 16 )
17 and 22 old
17 and 26 mice
18 3 20 month
20 month 22 old
22 old 24 young
23 ( 24 young
24 young 25 )
26 mice 27 by
26 mice 38 lesions
26 mice 42 in
26 mice 43 aged
27 by 31 acid
28 intraperitoneal 31 acid
29 free 31 acid
30 fatty 31 acid
31 acid 34 albumin
32 - 34 albumin
33 bound 34 albumin
34 albumin 36 ,
37 tubulointerstitial 38 lesions
38 lesions 39 were
39 were 41 severe
40 more 41 severe
41 severe 42 in
43 aged 44 than
44 than 45 in
45 in 47 mice
46 young 47 mice

in aged ptcs , proteinuria - induced cell - adaptive upr resulting from induction of the molecular [chaperone] bip was significantly suppressed , whereas proapoptotic upr with chop overexpression was enhanced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ptcs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 2 aged
2 aged 3 ptcs
4 , 8 cell
4 , 9 -
5 proteinuria 6 -
5 proteinuria 8 cell
7 induced 8 cell
9 - 11 upr
9 - 22 suppressed
9 - 23 ,
9 - 32 .
10 adaptive 11 upr
11 upr 12 resulting
11 upr 13 from
11 upr 15 of
11 upr 20 was
13 from 14 induction
15 of 19 bip
16 the 19 bip
17 molecular 19 bip
20 was 22 suppressed
21 significantly 22 suppressed
23 , 29 overexpression
23 , 31 enhanced
24 whereas 26 upr
24 whereas 29 overexpression
25 proapoptotic 26 upr
26 upr 27 with
27 with 28 chop
29 overexpression 30 was
30 was 31 enhanced

treatment with the exogenous molecular [chaperone] tauroursodeoxycholic acid ( tudca ) ameliorated proteinuria - induced tubulointerstitial lesions and ptc apoptosis in aged mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 treatment 2 with
1 treatment 18 and
2 with 17 lesions
3 the 17 lesions
4 exogenous 17 lesions
5 molecular 17 lesions
7 tauroursodeoxycholic 17 lesions
8 acid 10 tudca
8 acid 17 lesions
9 ( 10 tudca
10 tudca 11 )
12 ameliorated 17 lesions
13 proteinuria 14 -
13 proteinuria 17 lesions
15 induced 17 lesions
16 tubulointerstitial 17 lesions
18 and 20 apoptosis
18 and 21 in
19 ptc 20 apoptosis
21 in 23 mice
22 aged 23 mice

among the three upr branches , alterations in the inositol - requiring 1α ( ire1α ) [pathway] , but not the activating transcription factor 6 or perk pathway , were associated with impaired bip induction in aged kidneys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 upr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 branches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 among 3 three
1 among 4 upr
2 the 3 three
4 upr 5 branches
6 , 7 alterations
6 , 33 impaired
7 alterations 8 in
7 alterations 19 but
7 alterations 33 impaired
8 in 10 inositol
9 the 10 inositol
10 inositol 12 requiring
11 - 12 requiring
12 requiring 13 1α
12 requiring 18 ,
13 1α 15 ire1α
14 ( 15 ire1α
15 ire1α 16 )
19 but 20 not
19 but 22 activating
21 the 22 activating
22 activating 26 or
22 activating 32 with
23 transcription 24 factor
24 factor 25 6
24 factor 26 or
26 or 28 pathway
26 or 29 ,
26 or 30 were
27 perk 28 pathway
30 were 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
33 impaired 35 induction
33 impaired 36 in
34 bip 35 induction
36 in 38 kidneys
37 aged 38 kidneys

moreover , sirna - mediated suppression of bip and ire1α exacerbated free fatty acid - bound albumin - induced apoptosis in cultured ptcs , whereas sirna - mediated chop suppression ameliorated apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suppression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 exacerbated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ameliorated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 6 suppression
3 sirna 4 -
3 sirna 6 suppression
5 mediated 6 suppression
6 suppression 7 of
6 suppression 11 exacerbated
7 of 9 and
8 bip 9 and
9 and 10 ire1α
11 exacerbated 14 acid
12 free 14 acid
13 fatty 14 acid
15 - 16 bound
16 bound 17 albumin
16 bound 25 whereas
17 albumin 20 apoptosis
18 - 20 apoptosis
19 induced 20 apoptosis
20 apoptosis 21 in
20 apoptosis 24 ,
21 in 23 ptcs
22 cultured 23 ptcs
24 , 25 whereas
25 whereas 30 suppression
26 sirna 27 -
26 sirna 30 suppression
28 mediated 30 suppression
29 chop 30 suppression
30 suppression 31 ameliorated
31 ameliorated 32 apoptosis

finally , proteinuria - induced bip induction in ptcs was diminished in kidney specimens from elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 induction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 diminished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 7 induction
3 proteinuria 4 -
3 proteinuria 7 induction
5 induced 7 induction
6 bip 7 induction
7 induction 8 in
7 induction 10 was
8 in 9 ptcs
10 was 11 diminished
11 diminished 12 in
12 in 14 specimens
13 kidney 14 specimens
14 specimens 15 from
15 from 17 patients
16 elderly 17 patients

these results indicate that maladaptive uprs are involved in proteinuria - induced tubulointerstitial lesions exacerbation in aged kidneys , and that supplementation [of] chaperones may be used to treat elderly patients with persistent proteinuria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 uprs
4 that 8 involved
5 maladaptive 6 uprs
6 uprs 7 are
7 are 8 involved
8 involved 9 in
9 in 10 proteinuria
11 - 14 lesions
11 - 29 treat
12 induced 14 lesions
13 tubulointerstitial 14 lesions
14 lesions 15 exacerbation
14 lesions 28 to
14 lesions 29 treat
15 exacerbation 16 in
15 exacerbation 25 may
16 in 20 and
17 aged 18 kidneys
18 kidneys 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 that
20 and 22 supplementation
20 and 24 chaperones
22 supplementation 24 chaperones
25 may 26 be
26 be 27 used
27 used 28 to
29 treat 31 patients
29 treat 32 with
30 elderly 31 patients
32 with 34 proteinuria
33 persistent 34 proteinuria

these results should improve understanding of cell vulnerability in aged kidneys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 should
3 should 4 improve
4 improve 5 understanding
4 improve 9 in
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 8 vulnerability
7 cell 8 vulnerability
9 in 11 kidneys
10 aged 11 kidneys

bladder cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 bladder 2 cancer
2 cancer 3 is
3 is 6 cause
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 cause
5 common 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 morbidity 9 and
9 and 10 mortality
9 and 11 worldwide
11 worldwide 12 in
12 in 15 population
13 an 15 population
14 aging 15 population

each year , thousands of people , mostly men , are diagnosed with this disease , but many of them present too late to receive optimal treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 each 2 year
2 year 3 ,
2 year 6 people
4 thousands 5 of
4 thousands 6 people
5 of 6 people
6 people 9 men
6 people 11 are
7 , 8 mostly
7 , 9 men
9 men 10 ,
11 are 12 diagnosed
12 diagnosed 13 with
13 with 15 disease
14 this 15 disease
16 , 17 but
17 but 20 them
17 but 21 present
18 many 19 of
18 many 20 them
19 of 20 them
20 them 21 present
21 present 23 late
21 present 24 to
21 present 27 treatment
22 too 23 late
24 to 25 receive
26 optimal 27 treatment

as with all cancers , early diagnosis of bladder cancer significantly improves the efficacy of therapy and increases survival and recurrence - free survival rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 as 2 with
1 as 22 -
1 as 24 survival
2 with 4 cancers
3 all 4 cancers
4 cancers 20 and
5 , 20 and
6 early 7 diagnosis
7 diagnosis 8 of
7 diagnosis 17 and
7 diagnosis 20 and
8 of 10 cancer
9 bladder 10 cancer
11 significantly 12 improves
12 improves 14 efficacy
12 improves 17 and
13 the 14 efficacy
14 efficacy 15 of
15 of 16 therapy
17 and 18 increases
17 and 19 survival
20 and 21 recurrence
20 and 22 -
23 free 24 survival
24 survival 25 rates

ongoing research has identified many limitations about the sensitivity of standard diagnostic procedures in detecting early - stage tumors and precancerous changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 ongoing 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 identified
4 identified 6 limitations
4 identified 7 about
4 identified 14 in
5 many 6 limitations
7 about 9 sensitivity
8 the 9 sensitivity
9 sensitivity 10 of
10 of 13 procedures
11 standard 13 procedures
12 diagnostic 13 procedures
14 in 20 and
15 detecting 19 tumors
16 early 17 -
16 early 18 stage
18 stage 19 tumors
19 tumors 20 and
20 and 22 changes
21 precancerous 22 changes

the consequences of this are often tumor progression and increased tumor burden , leading to a decrease in patient quality of life and a vast increase in treatment costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 consequences
2 consequences 3 of
2 consequences 5 are
3 of 4 this
5 are 6 often
5 are 23 and
7 tumor 8 progression
8 progression 9 and
9 and 12 burden
9 and 13 ,
9 and 14 leading
9 and 23 and
10 increased 11 tumor
11 tumor 12 burden
14 leading 15 to
14 leading 18 in
15 to 17 decrease
16 a 17 decrease
18 in 20 quality
19 patient 20 quality
20 quality 21 of
21 of 22 life
23 and 26 increase
23 and 27 in
24 a 25 vast
24 a 26 increase
25 vast 26 increase
27 in 29 costs
28 treatment 29 costs

the necessity for improved early detection of bladder cancer has spurred on research into novel methods that use a wide range of biological and photonic phenomena . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 necessity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 spurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 necessity
2 necessity 3 for
2 necessity 10 has
3 for 6 detection
4 improved 6 detection
5 early 6 detection
6 detection 7 of
7 of 9 cancer
8 bladder 9 cancer
10 has 11 spurred
11 spurred 12 on
11 spurred 14 into
11 spurred 26 phenomena
12 on 13 research
14 into 16 methods
15 novel 16 methods
16 methods 17 that
16 methods 18 use
17 that 18 use
18 use 21 range
19 a 20 wide
19 a 21 range
20 wide 21 range
21 range 22 of
22 of 24 and
23 biological 24 and
24 and 25 photonic

this review will broadly discuss standard detection methodologies and their major limitations before covering novel photonic techniques for early tumor detection and staging , assessing their diagnostic accuracy for flat and precancerous changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 5 discuss
4 broadly 5 discuss
5 discuss 12 limitations
5 discuss 13 before
5 discuss 29 for
6 standard 12 limitations
7 detection 12 limitations
8 methodologies 9 and
9 and 11 major
9 and 12 limitations
10 their 11 major
13 before 14 covering
14 covering 17 techniques
14 covering 18 for
15 novel 17 techniques
16 photonic 17 techniques
18 for 22 and
19 early 20 tumor
20 tumor 21 detection
21 detection 22 and
22 and 23 staging
22 and 24 ,
22 and 25 assessing
25 assessing 28 accuracy
26 their 28 accuracy
27 diagnostic 28 accuracy
29 for 33 changes
30 flat 31 and
31 and 32 precancerous
31 and 33 changes

we will do so in the context of both cystoscopic examination and the screening of voided urine and will also touch on the concept of using photonic technology as a surgical tool for tumor ablation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 do
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 do
3 do 4 so
3 do 5 in
3 do 22 on
3 do 29 as
5 in 7 context
6 the 7 context
7 context 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 both 12 and
10 cystoscopic 11 examination
11 examination 12 and
12 and 14 screening
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 screening
15 of 18 and
16 voided 17 urine
16 voided 18 and
18 and 19 will
19 will 21 touch
20 also 21 touch
22 on 24 concept
23 the 24 concept
24 concept 25 of
25 of 26 using
26 using 28 technology
27 photonic 28 technology
29 as 32 tool
30 a 31 surgical
30 a 32 tool
31 surgical 32 tool
32 tool 33 for
33 for 35 ablation
34 tumor 35 ablation

objective : the chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country 's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 population
2 : 7 been
2 : 10 and
3 the 5 population
4 chinese 5 population
5 population 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 aging
8 aging 9 rapidly
10 and 14 economy
10 and 16 experienced
11 the 12 country
12 country 13 's
13 's 14 economy
14 economy 15 has
15 has 16 experienced
16 experienced 18 growth
16 experienced 19 during
17 exponential 18 growth
19 during 23 decades
20 the 21 past
20 the 22 three
22 three 23 decades

the goal of this study was to estimate the changes in the prevalence of dementia , alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , and vascular dementia ( vad ) among elderly chinese individuals [and] to analyze differences between urban and rural areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 analyze
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 estimate
7 to 8 estimate
8 estimate 24 and
8 estimate 30 among
8 estimate 35 to
9 the 24 and
10 changes 11 in
10 changes 24 and
11 in 13 prevalence
12 the 13 prevalence
13 prevalence 14 of
13 prevalence 19 disease
14 of 15 dementia
16 , 19 disease
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease
19 disease 21 ad
19 disease 23 ,
20 ( 21 ad
21 ad 22 )
24 and 26 dementia
24 and 28 vad
25 vascular 26 dementia
27 ( 28 vad
28 vad 29 )
30 among 33 individuals
31 elderly 32 chinese
32 chinese 33 individuals
35 to 36 analyze
36 analyze 37 differences
36 analyze 38 between
38 between 42 areas
39 urban 40 and
40 and 41 rural
40 and 42 areas

methods : for the years 2008 to 2009 , we performed a population - based cross - [sectional] survey with a multistage cluster sampling design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 for
2 : 7 to
3 for 5 years
4 the 5 years
6 2008 7 to
7 to 8 2009
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 performed
9 , 14 -
10 we 11 performed
11 performed 13 population
12 a 13 population
14 - 16 cross
14 - 17 -
15 based 16 cross
17 - 19 survey
19 survey 20 with
19 survey 25 design
20 with 22 multistage
21 a 22 multistage
23 cluster 25 design
24 sampling 25 design

residents aged 65 years and older were drawn from 30 urban ( n = 6096 ) and [45] rural ( n = 4180 ) communities across china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 drawn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 residents 2 aged
1 residents 7 were
2 aged 5 and
3 65 4 years
4 years 5 and
5 and 6 older
7 were 8 drawn
8 drawn 9 from
9 from 25 communities
10 30 25 communities
11 urban 14 =
11 urban 17 and
12 ( 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 6096
14 = 16 )
17 and 19 rural
17 and 25 communities
19 rural 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 n 22 =
22 = 23 4180
22 = 24 )
25 communities 26 across
26 across 27 china

participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 with
4 with 6 series
5 a 6 series
6 series 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 clinical 9 examinations
9 examinations 10 and
10 and 12 measures
11 neuropsychological 12 measures

dementia , ad , and vad were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 dementia 3 ad
2 , 3 ad
3 ad 4 ,
3 ad 5 and
5 and 6 vad
5 and 7 were
7 were 8 diagnosed
8 diagnosed 10 to
9 according 10 to
10 to 12 criteria
11 established 12 criteria
12 criteria 13 via
13 via 16 procedures
14 standard 16 procedures
15 diagnostic 16 procedures

results : the prevalence of dementia , ad , and vad among individuals aged 65 years and older were 5.14 % ( 95 % ci , 4.71 - 5.57 ) , 3.21 % ( 95 % ci , 2.87 - 3.55 ) , [and] 1.50 % ( 95 % ci , 1.26 - 1.74 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
5 of 6 dementia
7 , 10 and
7 , 19 were
8 ad 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 vad
10 and 19 were
11 vad 12 among
11 vad 14 aged
12 among 13 individuals
14 aged 17 and
15 65 16 years
16 years 17 and
17 and 18 older
19 were 21 %
19 were 57 respectively
20 5.14 21 %
21 % 25 ci
22 ( 25 ci
23 95 25 ci
24 % 25 ci
25 ci 27 4.71
25 ci 39 2.87
25 ci 56 ,
26 , 27 4.71
27 4.71 29 5.57
27 4.71 33 %
27 4.71 38 ,
28 - 29 5.57
29 5.57 30 )
31 , 33 %
32 3.21 33 %
33 % 37 ci
33 % 38 ,
34 ( 37 ci
35 95 37 ci
36 % 37 ci
37 ci 38 ,
38 , 39 2.87
39 2.87 41 3.55
39 2.87 46 %
39 2.87 53 -
39 2.87 55 )
40 - 41 3.55
41 3.55 42 )
43 , 46 %
45 1.50 46 %
46 % 50 ci
46 % 51 ,
47 ( 50 ci
48 95 50 ci
49 % 50 ci
50 ci 51 ,
51 , 53 -
52 1.26 53 -
53 - 54 1.74
53 - 55 )

the prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones ( 6.05 % vs [.] 4.40 % , p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 was
3 of 4 dementia
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 higher
7 higher 8 in
7 higher 11 than
7 higher 24 <
8 in 10 areas
9 rural 10 areas
11 than 12 in
12 in 14 ones
13 urban 14 ones
14 ones 17 %
15 ( 17 %
16 6.05 17 %
17 % 18 vs
17 % 22 ,
18 vs 21 %
20 4.40 21 %
22 , 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 26 001
24 < 27 )

the same regional difference was also seen for ad ( 4.25 % vs [.] 2.44 % , p < [.] 001 ) but not for vad ( 1.28 % vs [.] 1.61 % , p = [.] 166 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 same
1 the 4 difference
3 regional 4 difference
4 difference 5 was
5 was 7 seen
6 also 7 seen
7 seen 23 but
7 seen 36 =
8 for 9 ad
8 for 23 but
9 ad 12 %
9 ad 19 <
10 ( 12 %
11 4.25 12 %
12 % 13 vs
12 % 17 ,
13 vs 16 %
15 2.44 16 %
17 , 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 21 001
19 < 22 )
23 but 24 not
23 but 25 for
25 for 26 vad
26 vad 29 %
27 ( 29 %
28 1.28 29 %
29 % 30 vs
29 % 34 ,
30 vs 33 %
32 1.61 33 %
34 , 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 38 166
36 = 39 )

the difference in ad was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 in
2 difference 5 was
3 in 4 ad
5 was 6 not
5 was 7 evident
6 not 7 evident
7 evident 8 when
8 when 10 sample
8 when 12 stratified
9 the 10 sample
10 sample 11 was
11 was 12 stratified
12 stratified 13 by
13 by 15 level
14 educational 15 level

moreover , the risk factors for ad and vad differed for urban and rural populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 factors
3 the 5 factors
4 risk 5 factors
5 factors 6 for
5 factors 10 differed
6 for 8 and
7 ad 8 and
8 and 9 vad
10 differed 11 for
11 for 15 populations
12 urban 13 and
13 and 14 rural
13 and 15 populations

conclusions : [a] notably higher prevalence of dementia and ad was found in rural areas than in urban ones , and education might be an important reason for the urban - rural differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 6 prevalence
2 : 12 found
2 : 21 and
4 notably 6 prevalence
5 higher 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
6 prevalence 11 was
7 of 9 and
8 dementia 9 and
9 and 10 ad
11 was 12 found
12 found 13 in
12 found 16 than
12 found 19 ones
13 in 15 areas
14 rural 15 areas
16 than 17 in
18 urban 19 ones
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 education
21 and 24 be
22 education 23 might
23 might 24 be
24 be 27 reason
25 an 26 important
25 an 27 reason
26 important 27 reason
27 reason 28 for
28 for 33 differences
29 the 33 differences
30 urban 31 -
30 urban 33 differences
32 rural 33 differences

purpose : we examined the association between military exposure and urinary incontinence in american men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 6 association
4 examined 7 between
4 examined 13 in
5 the 6 association
7 between 10 and
8 military 9 exposure
9 exposure 10 and
10 and 12 incontinence
11 urinary 12 incontinence
13 in 15 men
14 american 15 men

materials and methods : data from the national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) from 2005 to 2008 were merged to include 5,297 men 20 years old or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 10 and
4 : 24 include
4 : 32 .
5 data 6 from
5 data 10 and
6 from 9 health
7 the 9 health
8 national 9 health
10 and 15 nhanes
10 and 19 to
10 and 23 to
10 and 24 include
11 nutrition 12 examination
12 examination 13 survey
13 survey 15 nhanes
14 ( 15 nhanes
15 nhanes 16 )
17 from 19 to
18 2005 19 to
19 to 20 2008
19 to 21 were
21 were 22 merged
22 merged 23 to
24 include 25 5,297
24 include 30 or
26 men 29 old
26 men 30 or
27 20 28 years
28 years 29 old
30 or 31 older

[the] question , " did you ever serve in the armed forces of the united states [?] ["] ( yes/no ) was used to assess military exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
3 , 4 "
3 , 5 did
5 did 6 you
5 did 8 serve
7 ever 8 serve
8 serve 9 in
8 serve 12 forces
10 the 12 forces
11 armed 12 forces
12 forces 13 of
13 of 15 united
14 the 15 united
15 united 16 states
15 united 25 assess
16 states 20 yes/no
16 states 22 was
19 ( 20 yes/no
20 yes/no 21 )
22 was 23 used
23 used 24 to
23 used 25 assess
24 to 25 assess
25 assess 27 exposure
26 military 27 exposure

urinary incontinence was categorized as any or moderate/severe urinary incontinence vs none . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incontinence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 urinary 2 incontinence
2 incontinence 3 was
3 was 4 categorized
4 categorized 5 as
5 as 7 or
6 any 7 or
7 or 10 incontinence
7 or 11 vs
8 moderate/severe 10 incontinence
9 urinary 10 incontinence
11 vs 12 none

because the impact of military exposure varied by age , multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the or and 95 % ci stratified by 3 age groups , including 55 or less , 56 to 69 and 70 years or greater . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 because
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 because 3 impact
2 the 3 impact
3 impact 4 of
3 impact 7 varied
4 of 6 exposure
5 military 6 exposure
7 varied 8 by
7 varied 36 56
7 varied 37 to
7 varied 42 or
8 by 9 age
9 age 13 regression
10 , 13 regression
11 multivariate 12 logistic
12 logistic 13 regression
13 regression 14 models
13 regression 18 estimate
13 regression 35 ,
14 models 15 were
15 were 16 used
16 used 17 to
16 used 18 estimate
17 to 18 estimate
18 estimate 33 or
19 the 20 or
20 or 21 and
21 and 24 ci
21 and 30 ,
21 and 31 including
21 and 33 or
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
24 ci 25 stratified
25 stratified 26 by
26 by 29 groups
27 3 29 groups
28 age 29 groups
31 including 32 55
33 or 34 less
37 to 39 and
38 69 39 and
39 and 40 70
41 years 42 or
42 or 43 greater

results : overall 23 % of male respondents reported military exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
2 : 5 %
4 23 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 11 exposure
7 male 8 respondents
8 respondents 9 reported
9 reported 11 exposure
10 military 11 exposure

men with military exposure were more likely to report any urinary incontinence ( 18.6 % vs 10.4 % ) and moderate/severe urinary incontinence ( 9.0 % vs 3.1 % , each p < 0.001 ) than men without military exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 men 2 with
1 men 5 were
2 with 4 exposure
3 military 4 exposure
5 were 6 more
5 were 23 incontinence
5 were 31 each
5 were 33 <
5 were 36 than
5 were 38 without
7 likely 8 to
7 likely 9 report
7 likely 20 and
8 to 9 report
9 report 12 incontinence
10 any 12 incontinence
11 urinary 12 incontinence
12 incontinence 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 18.6 15 %
15 % 16 vs
15 % 19 )
16 vs 18 %
17 10.4 18 %
20 and 21 moderate/severe
20 and 23 incontinence
22 urinary 23 incontinence
23 incontinence 26 %
24 ( 26 %
25 9.0 26 %
26 % 27 vs
26 % 30 ,
27 vs 29 %
28 3.1 29 %
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.001
33 < 35 )
36 than 37 men
38 without 40 exposure
39 military 40 exposure

after multivariate adjustment in men 55 years old or younger [those] with military exposure had 3 times greater odds of urinary incontinence ( or 3.28 , 95 % ci 1.38 - 7.77 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 after 3 adjustment
1 after 7 years
2 multivariate 3 adjustment
3 adjustment 4 in
4 in 5 men
6 55 7 years
7 years 9 or
7 years 15 had
8 old 9 or
9 or 10 younger
10 younger 12 with
12 with 14 exposure
13 military 14 exposure
15 had 19 odds
16 3 19 odds
17 times 19 odds
18 greater 19 odds
19 odds 20 of
20 of 22 incontinence
21 urinary 22 incontinence
22 incontinence 24 or
22 incontinence 29 ci
23 ( 24 or
24 or 25 3.28
24 or 26 ,
26 , 29 ci
27 95 29 ci
28 % 29 ci
29 ci 31 -
29 ci 33 )
30 1.38 31 -
31 - 32 7.77

military exposure did not increase the odds of urinary incontinence in men 56 to 69 years old ( or 0.97 , 95 % ci 0.44 - 2.18 ) , or 70 years old or older [(] or 0.91 , 95 % ci 0.55 - 1.50 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
1 military 2 exposure
2 exposure 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 increase
5 increase 34 or
5 increase 37 or
6 the 7 odds
7 odds 8 of
7 odds 30 or
8 of 10 incontinence
9 urinary 10 incontinence
10 incontinence 11 in
11 in 12 men
12 men 17 old
12 men 19 or
12 men 24 ci
13 56 14 to
14 to 15 69
14 to 16 years
16 years 17 old
18 ( 19 or
19 or 20 0.97
19 or 21 ,
21 , 24 ci
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
24 ci 25 0.44
24 ci 27 2.18
24 ci 29 ,
26 - 27 2.18
27 2.18 28 )
30 or 33 old
30 or 34 or
31 70 32 years
32 years 33 old
34 or 35 older
37 or 38 0.91
37 or 42 ci
39 , 42 ci
40 95 42 ci
41 % 42 ci
42 ci 43 0.55
42 ci 45 1.50
42 ci 47 .
44 - 45 1.50
45 1.50 46 )

conclusions : prior military exposure was associated with moderate/severe urinary incontinence in american men 55 years old or younger even after controlling for known risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 exposure
2 : 7 associated
2 : 27 .
3 prior 5 exposure
4 military 5 exposure
5 exposure 6 was
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 18 or
8 with 9 moderate/severe
8 with 10 urinary
11 incontinence 12 in
11 incontinence 18 or
12 in 14 men
13 american 14 men
14 men 17 old
15 55 16 years
16 years 17 old
18 or 19 younger
18 or 20 even
18 or 23 for
20 even 21 after
21 after 22 controlling
23 for 26 factors
24 known 26 factors
25 risk 26 factors

case finding is warranted for urinary incontinence in younger men with a history of military service . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 case 2 finding
2 finding 3 is
3 is 4 warranted
4 warranted 5 for
4 warranted 8 in
4 warranted 11 with
5 for 7 incontinence
6 urinary 7 incontinence
8 in 10 men
9 younger 10 men
11 with 13 history
12 a 13 history
13 history 14 of
14 of 16 service
15 military 16 service

" use it or lose it " is a popular adage often associated with use - dependent enhancement of cognitive abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 "
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 "
2 use 3 it
2 use 4 or
4 or 5 lose
5 lose 6 it
7 " 8 is
8 is 11 adage
9 a 10 popular
9 a 11 adage
10 popular 11 adage
11 adage 13 associated
12 often 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 use
15 use 18 enhancement
16 - 18 enhancement
17 dependent 18 enhancement
18 enhancement 19 of
18 enhancement 22 .
19 of 21 abilities
20 cognitive 21 abilities

much research has focused on understanding exactly how the brain changes as a function of experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 much 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 focused
4 focused 5 on
5 on 6 understanding
6 understanding 7 exactly
6 understanding 8 how
8 how 10 brain
8 how 11 changes
9 the 10 brain
10 brain 11 changes
11 changes 12 as
12 as 14 function
13 a 14 function
14 function 15 of
15 of 16 experience

[such] experience - dependent plasticity involves both structural and functional alterations that contribute to adaptive behaviors , such as learning and memory , as well as maladaptive behaviors , including anxiety disorders , phobias , and posttraumatic stress disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
3 - 5 plasticity
3 - 6 involves
4 dependent 5 plasticity
5 plasticity 6 involves
6 involves 11 alterations
7 both 11 alterations
8 structural 9 and
9 and 10 functional
9 and 11 alterations
11 alterations 12 that
11 alterations 13 contribute
12 that 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
13 contribute 26 as
13 contribute 39 disorder
14 to 16 behaviors
15 adaptive 16 behaviors
16 behaviors 19 as
17 , 19 as
18 such 19 as
19 as 21 and
19 as 23 ,
20 learning 21 and
21 and 22 memory
24 as 25 well
25 well 26 as
26 as 36 and
27 maladaptive 28 behaviors
28 behaviors 29 ,
29 , 32 disorders
29 , 33 ,
30 including 32 disorders
31 anxiety 32 disorders
33 , 34 phobias
33 , 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 stress
37 posttraumatic 38 stress

with the advancing age of our population , understanding [how] use - dependent plasticity changes across the lifespan may also help to promote healthy brain aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 with 4 age
1 with 15 changes
2 the 4 age
3 advancing 4 age
4 age 5 of
5 of 7 population
6 our 7 population
7 population 11 use
8 , 11 use
9 understanding 11 use
11 use 12 -
13 dependent 14 plasticity
14 plasticity 15 changes
15 changes 16 across
15 changes 19 may
16 across 18 lifespan
17 the 18 lifespan
19 may 21 help
20 also 21 help
21 help 22 to
22 to 23 promote
23 promote 25 brain
24 healthy 25 brain
25 brain 26 aging

a common misconception is [that] such experience - dependent plasticity ( e.g [.] , [associative] learning ) is synonymous with synaptic plasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 misconception
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 common
1 a 3 misconception
2 common 3 misconception
3 misconception 4 is
4 is 7 experience
6 such 7 experience
8 - 10 plasticity
8 - 18 is
9 dependent 10 plasticity
10 plasticity 12 e.g
10 plasticity 16 learning
10 plasticity 18 is
11 ( 12 e.g
12 e.g 14 ,
14 , 16 learning
16 learning 17 )
18 is 19 synonymous
19 synonymous 20 with
20 with 22 plasticity
21 synaptic 22 plasticity

other forms of plasticity also play a critical role in shaping adaptive changes within the nervous system , including intrinsic plasticity - a change in the intrinsic excitability of a neuron . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 other 2 forms
2 forms 3 of
2 forms 6 play
3 of 4 plasticity
5 also 6 play
6 play 9 role
6 play 10 in
6 play 14 within
7 a 8 critical
7 a 9 role
8 critical 9 role
10 in 11 shaping
11 shaping 13 changes
12 adaptive 13 changes
14 within 17 system
15 the 17 system
16 nervous 17 system
17 system 19 including
18 , 19 including
19 including 21 plasticity
19 including 22 -
20 intrinsic 21 plasticity
22 - 24 change
23 a 24 change
24 change 25 in
24 change 29 of
25 in 28 excitability
26 the 28 excitability
27 intrinsic 28 excitability
29 of 31 neuron
30 a 31 neuron

intrinsic plasticity can result from a change in the number , distribution or activity of various ion channels located throughout the neuron . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 intrinsic 2 plasticity
2 plasticity 3 can
3 can 4 result
4 result 5 from
4 result 8 in
5 from 7 change
6 a 7 change
8 in 13 or
9 the 10 number
10 number 11 ,
11 , 12 distribution
11 , 13 or
13 or 14 activity
13 or 15 of
15 of 18 channels
16 various 17 ion
17 ion 18 channels
18 channels 19 located
19 located 20 throughout
20 throughout 22 neuron
21 the 22 neuron

here , we review evidence that intrinsic plasticity is [an] important and evolutionarily conserved neural [correlate] [of] learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 8 plasticity
6 that 12 and
7 intrinsic 8 plasticity
8 plasticity 12 and
9 is 11 important
9 is 12 and
12 and 14 conserved
12 and 18 learning
13 evolutionarily 14 conserved
15 neural 18 learning

intrinsic plasticity acts as a metaplasticity mechanism by lowering the threshold for synaptic changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 acts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 intrinsic 2 plasticity
2 plasticity 3 acts
3 acts 4 as
3 acts 8 by
4 as 7 mechanism
5 a 7 mechanism
6 metaplasticity 7 mechanism
8 by 9 lowering
9 lowering 11 threshold
10 the 11 threshold
11 threshold 12 for
12 for 14 changes
13 synaptic 14 changes

thus , learning - related intrinsic changes can facilitate future synaptic plasticity and learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 learning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 learning
3 learning 8 can
4 - 5 related
5 related 7 changes
5 related 8 can
6 intrinsic 7 changes
8 can 9 facilitate
9 facilitate 13 and
10 future 12 plasticity
11 synaptic 12 plasticity
12 plasticity 13 and
13 and 14 learning

such intrinsic changes can impact the allocation of a memory trace within a brain structure , and when compromised , can contribute [to] cognitive decline during the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 such 3 changes
2 intrinsic 3 changes
3 changes 4 can
4 can 5 impact
5 impact 7 allocation
5 impact 12 within
6 the 7 allocation
7 allocation 8 of
8 of 11 trace
9 a 10 memory
9 a 11 trace
10 memory 11 trace
12 within 25 decline
13 a 14 brain
13 a 25 decline
14 brain 15 structure
15 structure 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 when
17 and 20 ,
19 compromised 20 ,
20 , 21 can
21 can 22 contribute
24 cognitive 25 decline
25 decline 26 during
26 during 29 process
27 the 29 process
28 aging 29 process

this unique role of intrinsic excitability can provide insight into how memories are formed and , more interestingly , [how] neurons that participate in a memory trace are selected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 3 role
2 unique 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 7 can
4 of 6 excitability
5 intrinsic 6 excitability
7 can 8 provide
8 provide 9 insight
8 provide 10 into
10 into 11 how
11 how 15 and
11 how 29 selected
12 memories 13 are
12 memories 15 and
13 are 14 formed
15 and 21 neurons
16 , 18 interestingly
17 more 18 interestingly
18 interestingly 19 ,
18 interestingly 21 neurons
21 neurons 22 that
21 neurons 23 participate
21 neurons 28 are
22 that 23 participate
23 participate 24 in
24 in 27 trace
25 a 27 trace
26 memory 27 trace
28 are 29 selected

most importantly , modulation of intrinsic excitability can allow for regulation of learning ability [-] this can prevent or provide treatment for [cognitive] [decline] [not] only in patients with clinical disorders but also in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 most 2 importantly
2 importantly 3 ,
2 importantly 4 modulation
4 modulation 5 of
4 modulation 8 can
5 of 7 excitability
6 intrinsic 7 excitability
8 can 19 or
9 allow 10 for
10 for 11 regulation
10 for 19 or
11 regulation 12 of
11 regulation 16 this
11 regulation 18 prevent
12 of 13 learning
13 learning 14 ability
16 this 17 can
17 can 18 prevent
19 or 20 provide
19 or 28 patients
20 provide 21 treatment
20 provide 22 for
22 for 27 in
26 only 27 in
28 patients 32 but
29 with 31 disorders
29 with 32 but
30 clinical 31 disorders
32 but 33 also
32 but 34 in
34 in 37 population
35 the 37 population
36 aging 37 population

no electromyography ( emg ) responses data exist [of] children exposed to dynamic impacts similar to automotive crashes , thereby [,] limiting active musculature representation in computational occupant biomechanics models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 exist
1 no 7 data
2 electromyography 4 emg
2 electromyography 6 responses
3 ( 4 emg
4 emg 5 )
6 responses 7 data
7 data 8 exist
8 exist 10 children
10 children 11 exposed
10 children 15 similar
11 exposed 12 to
12 to 14 impacts
13 dynamic 14 impacts
15 similar 16 to
15 similar 22 limiting
16 to 18 crashes
17 automotive 18 crashes
19 , 22 limiting
20 thereby 22 limiting
22 limiting 25 representation
22 limiting 26 in
22 limiting 31 .
23 active 25 representation
24 musculature 25 representation
26 in 30 models
27 computational 28 occupant
28 occupant 30 models
29 biomechanics 30 models

this study measured the surface emg responses of three neck , one torso and one lower extremity muscles during low - speed frontal impact sled tests ( average maximum acceleration : 3.8 g ; rise time : 58.2ms [ )(performed on seated , restrained pediatric ( n=11 , 8 - 14years ) [and] young adult ( n=9 , 18 - 30 years ) male subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 measured
3 measured 7 responses
4 the 7 responses
5 surface 7 responses
6 emg 7 responses
7 responses 8 of
8 of 10 neck
9 three 10 neck
11 , 14 and
11 , 21 -
12 one 13 torso
13 torso 14 and
14 and 15 one
14 and 16 lower
16 lower 18 muscles
16 lower 19 during
17 extremity 18 muscles
19 during 20 low
21 - 26 tests
21 - 31 :
22 speed 26 tests
23 frontal 26 tests
24 impact 26 tests
25 sled 26 tests
26 tests 30 acceleration
27 ( 30 acceleration
28 average 30 acceleration
29 maximum 30 acceleration
30 acceleration 31 :
31 : 33 g
31 : 34 ;
32 3.8 33 g
34 ; 36 time
34 ; 37 :
35 rise 36 time
36 time 37 :
37 : 38 58.2ms
37 : 41 on
38 58.2ms 40 )(performed
41 on 43 ,
42 seated 43 ,
43 , 44 restrained
44 restrained 55 adult
45 pediatric 51 14years
45 pediatric 55 adult
46 ( 51 14years
47 n=11 49 8
47 n=11 51 14years
48 , 49 8
49 8 50 -
51 14years 52 )
54 young 55 adult
55 adult 65 subjects
56 ( 65 subjects
57 n=9 58 ,
57 n=9 65 subjects
58 , 60 -
59 18 60 -
60 - 62 years
60 - 63 )
60 - 64 male
61 30 62 years
64 male 65 subjects
65 subjects 66 .

the timing and magnitude of the emg responses were compared between the two age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 timing
2 timing 3 and
3 and 4 magnitude
3 and 5 of
3 and 9 were
5 of 8 responses
6 the 8 responses
7 emg 8 responses
9 were 10 compared
10 compared 11 between
11 between 15 groups
12 the 13 two
13 two 15 groups
14 age 15 groups

two normalization techniques were separately implemented and evaluated : maximum voluntary emg ( mve ) and neck cross - sectional area ( csa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 two 3 techniques
2 normalization 3 techniques
3 techniques 4 were
4 were 7 and
5 separately 7 and
6 implemented 7 and
7 and 8 evaluated
9 : 16 and
10 maximum 14 mve
11 voluntary 14 mve
12 emg 14 mve
13 ( 14 mve
14 mve 15 )
14 mve 16 and
16 and 18 cross
16 and 21 area
17 neck 18 cross
19 - 21 area
20 sectional 21 area
21 area 23 csa
21 area 24 )
22 ( 23 csa
23 csa 24 )

the mve - normalized emg data indicated a positive correlation with age in the rectus femoris for emg latency ; there was no correlation with age for peak emg amplitudes for the evaluated muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 mve
3 - 6 data
3 - 7 indicated
3 - 20 ;
3 - 35 .
4 normalized 6 data
5 emg 6 data
6 data 7 indicated
7 indicated 10 correlation
7 indicated 13 in
8 a 9 positive
8 a 10 correlation
9 positive 10 correlation
10 correlation 11 with
11 with 12 age
13 in 16 femoris
14 the 16 femoris
15 rectus 16 femoris
16 femoris 17 for
17 for 19 latency
18 emg 19 latency
20 ; 21 there
20 ; 22 was
21 there 22 was
22 was 24 correlation
22 was 31 for
23 no 24 correlation
24 correlation 25 with
25 with 26 age
26 age 27 for
27 for 30 amplitudes
28 peak 30 amplitudes
29 emg 30 amplitudes
31 for 34 muscles
32 the 34 muscles
33 evaluated 34 muscles

the cervical paraspinous exhibited shorter latencies compared with the other muscles ( 2 - 143ms ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 latencies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 6 latencies
2 cervical 6 latencies
3 paraspinous 6 latencies
4 exhibited 6 latencies
5 shorter 6 latencies
6 latencies 7 compared
7 compared 8 with
8 with 11 muscles
9 the 10 other
10 other 11 muscles
11 muscles 14 -
12 ( 14 -
13 2 14 -
14 - 15 143ms
14 - 16 )

overall , the erector spinae and rectus femoris peak amplitudes were relatively small . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 overall 2 ,
2 , 5 spinae
2 , 6 and
3 the 5 spinae
4 erector 5 spinae
6 and 10 amplitudes
6 and 11 were
7 rectus 10 amplitudes
8 femoris 10 amplitudes
9 peak 10 amplitudes
11 were 12 relatively
11 were 13 small

neck csa - normalized peak emg amplitudes negatively correlated with age for the cervical paraspinous and sternocleidomastoid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 csa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 neck 2 csa
3 - 16 and
4 normalized 5 peak
5 peak 7 amplitudes
6 emg 7 amplitudes
7 amplitudes 9 correlated
7 amplitudes 16 and
8 negatively 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 11 age
10 with 15 paraspinous
11 age 12 for
12 for 14 cervical
13 the 14 cervical
16 and 17 sternocleidomastoid

these data can be useful to incorporate active musculature in computational models , though it may not need to be age - specific in low - speed loading environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 incorporate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 useful
5 useful 6 to
6 to 7 incorporate
7 incorporate 9 musculature
7 incorporate 10 in
8 active 9 musculature
10 in 12 models
11 computational 12 models
13 , 15 it
13 , 18 need
14 though 15 it
15 it 16 may
16 may 17 not
16 may 18 need
18 need 19 to
18 need 20 be
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 age
21 age 23 specific
22 - 23 specific
23 specific 24 in
23 specific 30 .
24 in 27 speed
25 low 26 -
25 low 27 speed
27 speed 28 loading
28 loading 29 environments

few studies have directly compared the ability of the most commonly used models of frailty to predict mortality among community [-] dwelling individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 5 compared
4 directly 5 compared
5 compared 7 ability
6 the 7 ability
7 ability 8 of
7 ability 14 of
8 of 13 models
9 the 10 most
10 most 13 models
11 commonly 12 used
12 used 13 models
14 of 15 frailty
15 frailty 16 to
15 frailty 17 predict
16 to 17 predict
17 predict 18 mortality
18 mortality 19 among
19 among 23 individuals
20 community 22 dwelling
22 dwelling 23 individuals

here , we used a frailty index ( fi [ )(, frailty [phenotype] ( fp ) , and frail scale ( fs ) to predict mortality in the emas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 used
4 used 7 index
4 used 24 to
5 a 7 index
6 frailty 7 index
7 index 18 and
8 ( 18 and
9 fi 12 frailty
9 fi 18 and
11 )(, 12 frailty
12 frailty 15 fp
12 frailty 17 ,
14 ( 15 fp
15 fp 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 scale
18 and 22 fs
18 and 23 )
19 frail 20 scale
21 ( 22 fs
22 fs 23 )
24 to 25 predict
25 predict 26 mortality
25 predict 27 in
27 in 29 emas
28 the 29 emas

participants were aged 40 - 79 years ( n=2929 ) at baseline and 6.6 % ( n=193 ) died over a median 4.3 years [of] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 follow
1 participants 2 were
2 were 7 years
2 were 11 at
3 aged 7 years
4 40 5 -
5 - 6 79
5 - 7 years
7 years 9 n=2929
8 ( 9 n=2929
9 n=2929 10 )
11 at 12 baseline
13 and 15 %
13 and 19 died
14 6.6 15 %
15 % 17 n=193
15 % 19 died
16 ( 17 n=193
17 n=193 18 )
19 died 20 over
20 over 22 median
21 a 22 median
22 median 24 years
22 median 26 follow
23 4.3 24 years
24 years 26 follow
26 follow 28 up
27 - 28 up
28 up 29 .

the fi was generated from 39 deficits , including self - reported health , morbidities , functional performance and psychological assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 the 2 fi
2 fi 3 was
3 was 4 generated
4 generated 5 from
5 from 7 deficits
6 39 7 deficits
8 , 10 self
8 , 11 -
9 including 10 self
11 - 19 and
11 - 22 .
12 reported 13 health
13 health 14 ,
14 , 15 morbidities
14 , 16 ,
16 , 18 performance
16 , 19 and
17 functional 18 performance
19 and 21 assessments
20 psychological 21 assessments

the fp and fs consisted of five phenotypic criteria and both categorized individuals as robust when they had 0 criteria , prefrail as 1 - 2 criteria and frail as 3+ criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 4 fs
2 fp 3 and
3 and 4 fs
4 fs 5 consisted
5 consisted 6 of
6 of 9 criteria
7 five 9 criteria
8 phenotypic 9 criteria
10 and 11 both
10 and 12 categorized
11 both 12 categorized
12 categorized 13 individuals
12 categorized 14 as
14 as 28 and
15 robust 16 when
15 robust 21 ,
16 when 17 they
16 when 18 had
17 they 18 had
18 had 20 criteria
19 0 20 criteria
21 , 22 prefrail
21 , 28 and
22 prefrail 23 as
23 as 27 criteria
24 1 25 -
25 - 26 2
25 - 27 criteria
28 and 32 criteria
29 frail 32 criteria
30 as 31 3+
31 3+ 32 criteria

the mean fi increased linearly with age [(] [r] ( 2 )=0.21 ) and in cox regression models adjusted for age , center , smoking and partner status the hazard ratio ( hr ) for death for each unit increase of the fi was 1.49 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 mean
2 mean 3 fi
3 fi 4 increased
4 increased 5 linearly
4 increased 6 with
6 with 7 age
7 age 12 )=0.21
10 ( 12 )=0.21
11 2 12 )=0.21
12 )=0.21 13 )
14 and 18 models
14 and 19 adjusted
15 in 16 cox
15 in 18 models
17 regression 18 models
18 models 19 adjusted
19 adjusted 20 for
19 adjusted 31 ratio
19 adjusted 35 for
20 for 26 and
21 age 22 ,
22 , 23 center
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 smoking
24 , 26 and
26 and 28 status
27 partner 28 status
29 the 31 ratio
30 hazard 31 ratio
31 ratio 33 hr
32 ( 33 hr
33 hr 34 )
35 for 36 death
36 death 37 for
36 death 44 was
37 for 40 increase
38 each 40 increase
39 unit 40 increase
40 increase 41 of
41 of 43 fi
42 the 43 fi
44 was 45 1.49

men who were prefrail or frail by either the fp or fs definitions , had a significantly increased risk of death compared to their robust counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 men 2 who
1 men 3 were
1 men 15 had
2 who 3 were
3 were 5 or
4 prefrail 5 or
5 or 6 frail
6 frail 7 by
7 by 11 or
8 either 11 or
9 the 10 fp
10 fp 11 or
11 or 13 definitions
11 or 14 ,
12 fs 13 definitions
15 had 19 risk
16 a 19 risk
17 significantly 18 increased
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 death
21 death 22 compared
22 compared 23 to
23 to 26 counterparts
24 their 26 counterparts
25 robust 26 counterparts

compared to robust men , those who were fp frail at baseline had a hr for death of 3.84 , while those who were fs [frail] had a hr of 3.87 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 6 those
2 to 4 men
3 robust 4 men
6 those 7 who
6 those 8 were
6 those 10 frail
6 those 13 had
7 who 8 were
8 were 9 fp
10 frail 11 at
11 at 12 baseline
13 had 15 hr
13 had 16 for
14 a 15 hr
16 for 17 death
17 death 18 of
18 of 19 3.84
20 , 25 fs
20 , 27 had
21 while 22 those
21 while 25 fs
22 those 23 who
22 those 24 were
23 who 24 were
25 fs 27 had
27 had 29 hr
28 a 29 hr
29 hr 30 of
30 of 31 3.87

all three frailty models significantly predicted future mortality among community [-] dwelling , middle - aged and older european men after adjusting for potential confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 all 2 three
2 three 4 models
3 frailty 4 models
4 models 13 ,
5 significantly 6 predicted
6 predicted 8 mortality
6 predicted 13 ,
7 future 8 mortality
8 mortality 9 among
9 among 12 dwelling
10 community 12 dwelling
13 , 14 middle
15 - 17 and
16 aged 17 and
17 and 20 men
17 and 21 after
18 older 19 european
19 european 20 men
21 after 22 adjusting
22 adjusting 23 for
23 for 25 confounders
24 potential 25 confounders

our data suggest that the choice of frailty [model] may not be of paramount importance when predicting future risk of death , enabling flexibility in the approach used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 choice
4 that 12 be
5 the 6 choice
6 choice 7 of
6 choice 10 may
7 of 8 frailty
10 may 11 not
10 may 12 be
12 be 13 of
12 be 16 when
13 of 15 importance
14 paramount 15 importance
16 when 17 predicting
17 predicting 19 risk
18 future 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 death
21 death 23 enabling
22 , 23 enabling
23 enabling 24 flexibility
23 enabling 25 in
23 enabling 29 .
25 in 27 approach
26 the 27 approach
27 approach 28 used

aim : the objective of this study was to describe the relationship between age at [onset] , with no age limits , and glycaemic control evolution from the time of [onset] in patients with type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 4 objective
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 7 study
4 objective 15 at
4 objective 18 with
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 describe
9 to 10 describe
10 describe 12 relationship
10 describe 13 between
10 describe 15 at
11 the 12 relationship
13 between 14 age
17 , 18 with
18 with 23 and
18 with 37 diabetes
18 with 40 )
19 no 21 limits
20 age 21 limits
21 limits 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 evolution
23 and 27 from
23 and 30 of
23 and 34 with
24 glycaemic 25 control
25 control 26 evolution
27 from 29 time
28 the 29 time
30 of 32 in
32 in 33 patients
34 with 35 type
35 type 36 1
37 diabetes 39 t1d
38 ( 39 t1d
39 t1d 40 )

methods : this observational retrospective [follow] - up study included 716 patients with t1d onset between 1990 and 2008 treated at the navarre hospital complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 study
2 : 10 included
2 : 26 .
3 this 4 observational
4 observational 9 study
5 retrospective 7 -
5 retrospective 9 study
8 up 9 study
9 study 10 included
10 included 12 patients
10 included 21 at
11 716 12 patients
12 patients 13 with
12 patients 20 treated
13 with 15 onset
14 t1d 15 onset
15 onset 18 and
16 between 18 and
17 1990 18 and
18 and 19 2008
21 at 25 complex
22 the 25 complex
23 navarre 24 hospital
24 hospital 25 complex

the mean [(] [sd] [ )(follow - up [lasted] 10.1 ( 5.3 ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 mean
2 mean 6 )(follow
6 )(follow 8 up
6 )(follow 14 years
7 - 8 up
8 up 10 10.1
8 up 13 )
10 10.1 12 5.3
11 ( 12 5.3
12 5.3 13 )

information on their hba ( 1c ) levels was collected at [onset] [and] every year thereafter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 information 2 on
1 information 9 was
2 on 8 levels
3 their 8 levels
4 hba 6 1c
4 hba 8 levels
5 ( 6 1c
6 1c 7 )
9 was 10 collected
10 collected 11 at
10 collected 16 thereafter
11 at 15 year
14 every 15 year

generalized additive mixed models and linear models were used , with patients ' annual hba1c levels as the response variable and the number of years [since] onset together with age at onset [as] covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
1 generalized 2 additive
2 additive 3 mixed
3 mixed 4 models
4 models 5 and
5 and 7 models
5 and 8 were
6 linear 7 models
8 were 9 used
9 used 11 with
10 , 11 with
11 with 16 levels
11 with 35 .
12 patients 13 '
13 ' 16 levels
14 annual 16 levels
15 hba1c 16 levels
16 levels 17 as
16 levels 29 with
16 levels 31 at
17 as 27 onset
18 the 27 onset
19 response 27 onset
20 variable 21 and
21 and 23 number
21 and 24 of
21 and 27 onset
22 the 23 number
24 of 25 years
28 together 29 with
29 with 30 age
31 at 34 covariates
32 onset 34 covariates

results : the evolution of glycaemic control is not linear and differs across all age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 evolution
2 : 11 and
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 evolution
4 evolution 5 of
4 evolution 11 and
5 of 7 control
6 glycaemic 7 control
8 is 9 not
8 is 10 linear
8 is 11 and
9 not 10 linear
11 and 12 differs
11 and 13 across
11 and 16 groups
13 across 15 age
14 all 15 age

children reach their highest values in adolescence , while patients with onset [at] ages 10 - 15 years stabilize their hba ( 1c ) values after 7 or 8 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 children 2 reach
2 reach 5 values
2 reach 6 in
3 their 4 highest
3 their 5 values
6 in 7 adolescence
8 , 18 years
8 , 19 stabilize
9 while 10 patients
9 while 18 years
10 patients 11 with
11 with 14 ages
12 onset 14 ages
15 10 16 -
16 - 17 15
16 - 18 years
18 years 19 stabilize
19 stabilize 25 values
19 stabilize 26 after
20 their 25 values
21 hba 23 1c
21 hba 25 values
22 ( 23 1c
23 1c 24 )
26 after 30 years
27 7 28 or
28 or 29 8
28 or 30 years

in adults , it is notable that an age of onset ≥ 45 years is associated with the worst control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 adults
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 it
4 it 5 is
5 is 6 notable
6 notable 7 that
7 that 9 age
7 that 16 associated
8 an 9 age
9 age 10 of
9 age 15 is
10 of 14 years
11 onset 14 years
12 ≥ 14 years
13 45 14 years
15 is 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 20 control
18 the 19 worst
18 the 20 control

conclusion : a [non] - linear increase [in] hba ( 1c ) levels can be observed from the time of t1d diagnosis , with significant differences across all age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 observed
2 : 3 a
2 : 5 -
3 a 5 -
5 - 13 levels
6 linear 7 increase
7 increase 13 levels
9 hba 11 1c
9 hba 13 levels
10 ( 11 1c
11 1c 12 )
13 levels 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 observed
16 observed 17 from
16 observed 24 with
17 from 19 time
18 the 19 time
19 time 20 of
20 of 22 diagnosis
21 t1d 22 diagnosis
23 , 24 with
24 with 26 differences
24 with 31 .
25 significant 26 differences
26 differences 27 across
27 across 30 groups
28 all 30 groups
29 age 30 groups

individuals with primary progressive aphasia ( ppa ) suffer a gradual decline in communication ability as a result of neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suffer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 individuals 2 with
1 individuals 9 suffer
2 with 5 aphasia
3 primary 5 aphasia
4 progressive 5 aphasia
5 aphasia 7 ppa
6 ( 7 ppa
7 ppa 8 )
9 suffer 12 decline
9 suffer 13 in
9 suffer 16 as
10 a 11 gradual
10 a 12 decline
11 gradual 12 decline
13 in 15 ability
14 communication 15 ability
16 as 18 result
17 a 18 result
18 result 19 of
19 of 21 disease
20 neurodegenerative 21 disease

language treatment shows promise as a means of addressing these difficulties but much remains to be learned with regard to the potential value of treatment across variants and stages of the disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 promise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 language 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 shows
3 shows 4 promise
4 promise 5 as
5 as 7 means
6 a 7 means
7 means 8 of
8 of 9 addressing
9 addressing 11 difficulties
10 these 11 difficulties
12 but 13 much
12 but 14 remains
13 much 14 remains
14 remains 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 learned
17 learned 18 with
17 learned 20 to
18 with 19 regard
20 to 23 value
21 the 23 value
22 potential 23 value
23 value 24 of
24 of 28 and
25 treatment 26 across
25 treatment 28 and
26 across 27 variants
28 and 29 stages
28 and 30 of
30 of 32 disorder
31 the 32 disorder

we present two cases , one with semantic variant of ppa and the other with logopenic ppa , each [of] [whom] underwent treatment that was unique in its focus on training self - cueing strategies to engage residual language skills . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 we 2 present
2 present 4 cases
3 two 4 cases
5 , 12 and
6 one 7 with
6 one 12 and
7 with 9 variant
8 semantic 9 variant
9 variant 10 of
10 of 11 ppa
12 and 14 other
12 and 18 ,
12 and 22 underwent
13 the 14 other
14 other 15 with
15 with 17 ppa
16 logopenic 17 ppa
19 each 22 underwent
22 underwent 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 that
23 treatment 25 was
23 treatment 34 cueing
24 that 25 was
25 was 26 unique
26 unique 27 in
26 unique 30 on
27 in 29 focus
28 its 29 focus
30 on 32 self
31 training 32 self
33 - 34 cueing
34 cueing 35 strategies
34 cueing 36 to
34 cueing 41 .
36 to 37 engage
37 engage 40 skills
38 residual 39 language
39 language 40 skills

despite differing language profiles and levels of aphasia severity , each individual benefited from treatment and showed maintenance of gains as well as generalization to untrained lexical items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 individual
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 despite 3 language
1 despite 10 ,
1 despite 12 individual
2 differing 3 language
3 language 5 and
3 language 7 of
4 profiles 5 and
5 and 6 levels
7 of 9 severity
8 aphasia 9 severity
11 each 12 individual
12 individual 16 and
13 benefited 14 from
13 benefited 16 and
14 from 15 treatment
16 and 17 showed
17 showed 18 maintenance
18 maintenance 19 of
18 maintenance 23 as
19 of 20 gains
21 as 22 well
22 well 23 as
23 as 24 generalization
24 generalization 25 to
25 to 28 items
26 untrained 28 items
27 lexical 28 items

these cases highlight the potential for treatment to capitalize on spared cognitive and neural systems in individuals with ppa , improving current language [function] as well as potentially preserving targeted skills in the face of disease progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 capitalize
1 these 2 cases
2 cases 3 highlight
3 highlight 5 potential
3 highlight 8 to
4 the 5 potential
5 potential 6 for
6 for 7 treatment
8 to 9 capitalize
9 capitalize 10 on
9 capitalize 16 in
9 capitalize 18 with
9 capitalize 21 improving
10 on 15 systems
11 spared 15 systems
12 cognitive 13 and
13 and 14 neural
13 and 15 systems
16 in 17 individuals
18 with 19 ppa
20 , 21 improving
21 improving 23 language
21 improving 27 as
21 improving 38 .
22 current 23 language
25 as 26 well
26 well 27 as
27 as 29 preserving
28 potentially 29 preserving
29 preserving 31 skills
30 targeted 31 skills
31 skills 32 in
31 skills 35 of
32 in 34 face
33 the 34 face
35 of 37 progression
36 disease 37 progression

improving the numerical models of the head and neck complex requires [understanding] the mechanical properties of the muscles ; however , most of the data in existing literature have been obtained from studies on animal muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 improving 8 and
1 improving 11 requires
2 the 4 models
3 numerical 4 models
4 models 5 of
4 models 8 and
5 of 7 head
6 the 7 head
8 and 10 complex
9 neck 10 complex
11 requires 15 properties
13 the 15 properties
14 mechanical 15 properties
15 properties 16 of
16 of 18 muscles
17 the 18 muscles
19 ; 22 most
19 ; 31 obtained
20 however 21 ,
20 however 22 most
22 most 23 of
22 most 29 have
23 of 25 data
24 the 25 data
25 data 26 in
26 in 28 literature
27 existing 28 literature
29 have 30 been
30 been 31 obtained
31 obtained 32 from
31 obtained 34 on
32 from 33 studies
34 on 36 muscles
35 animal 36 muscles

muscle is hyper - elastic , but also viscoelastic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 muscle 2 is
2 is 3 hyper
3 hyper 7 but
4 - 7 but
5 elastic 7 but
6 , 7 but
7 but 8 also
7 but 9 viscoelastic
7 but 10 .

the hyper - elastic behaviour of the human sternocleidomastoideus muscle has been previously studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 behaviour
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 5 behaviour
2 hyper 3 -
2 hyper 5 behaviour
4 elastic 5 behaviour
5 behaviour 6 of
5 behaviour 11 has
6 of 10 muscle
7 the 10 muscle
8 human 9 sternocleidomastoideus
9 sternocleidomastoideus 10 muscle
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 previously
12 been 14 studied

the aim of this study is to propose [a] characterization of the viscoelastic properties of the same human muscle in relaxation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 propose
7 to 8 propose
8 propose 10 characterization
8 propose 20 in
10 characterization 11 of
11 of 14 properties
12 the 14 properties
13 viscoelastic 14 properties
14 properties 15 of
15 of 19 muscle
16 the 17 same
17 same 19 muscle
18 human 19 muscle
20 in 21 relaxation

ten muscles were tested in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 ten 2 muscles
2 muscles 3 were
3 were 4 tested
4 tested 6 vitro
5 in 6 vitro

the viscoelastic behaviour was modelled with a generalized maxwell 's model studied at the first and second order , using an inverse approach with a subject - specific , finite - element model of each muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 behaviour
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 modelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 behaviour
2 viscoelastic 3 behaviour
3 behaviour 4 was
4 was 5 modelled
5 modelled 6 with
5 modelled 20 using
6 with 16 and
7 a 9 maxwell
8 generalized 9 maxwell
9 maxwell 10 's
10 's 11 model
11 model 12 studied
11 model 16 and
12 studied 13 at
13 at 15 first
14 the 15 first
16 and 18 order
16 and 19 ,
17 second 18 order
20 using 23 approach
20 using 24 with
21 an 22 inverse
21 an 23 approach
22 inverse 23 approach
24 with 33 model
25 a 26 subject
25 a 33 model
26 subject 27 -
26 subject 32 element
28 specific 29 ,
28 specific 32 element
30 finite 31 -
30 finite 32 element
32 element 33 model
33 model 34 of
34 of 36 muscle
35 each 36 muscle

base [d] on these models , relaxation times τ ( first order : 103s ; second order : 18 s and 395s [ )(and ratio moduli [γ] ( first order [:] 0.33 [;] second order : 0.20 and 0.19 [ )(were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 base
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 base 3 on
3 on 5 models
4 these 5 models
6 , 7 relaxation
6 , 8 times
6 , 13 :
7 relaxation 8 times
8 times 9 τ
9 τ 12 order
10 ( 12 order
11 first 12 order
12 order 13 :
13 : 14 103s
13 : 15 ;
15 ; 16 second
15 ; 18 :
16 second 17 order
18 : 20 s
18 : 21 and
19 18 20 s
21 and 24 )(and
22 395s 24 )(and
24 )(and 26 moduli
24 )(and 35 order
25 ratio 26 moduli
28 ( 30 order
29 first 30 order
30 order 32 0.33
30 order 34 second
30 order 35 order
35 order 36 :
36 : 38 and
36 : 42 identified
37 0.20 38 and
38 and 39 0.19
38 and 41 )(were
41 )(were 42 identified
42 identified 43 .

the first [-] order model provided a good estimate of the relaxation curve [(] r ( 2 ) : 0.82 [ )(, but the second [-] order model was more representative of the experimental response [(] r ( 2 ) : 0.97 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
1 the 5 model
2 first 4 order
4 order 5 model
5 model 6 provided
6 provided 9 estimate
7 a 9 estimate
8 good 9 estimate
9 estimate 10 of
10 of 13 curve
11 the 13 curve
12 relaxation 13 curve
13 curve 15 r
13 curve 17 2
16 ( 17 2
17 2 18 )
19 : 20 0.82
19 : 23 but
19 : 41 :
22 )(, 23 but
23 but 28 model
23 but 29 was
24 the 25 second
24 the 28 model
27 order 28 model
28 model 29 was
29 was 30 more
29 was 31 representative
31 representative 32 of
32 of 35 response
33 the 35 response
34 experimental 35 response
35 response 37 r
35 response 39 2
38 ( 39 2
39 2 40 )
41 : 42 0.97
41 : 44 )(

our results provide evidence that the viscoelastic behaviour of the human sternocleidomastoideus muscle can be described using a second - order maxwell 's model and that - combined with the previously identified hyper - elastic properties - the response of the muscle in tension and relaxation is fully characterized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 order
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 4 evidence
3 provide 17 using
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 8 behaviour
5 that 16 described
6 the 8 behaviour
7 viscoelastic 8 behaviour
8 behaviour 9 of
8 behaviour 14 can
9 of 13 muscle
10 the 13 muscle
11 human 12 sternocleidomastoideus
12 sternocleidomastoideus 13 muscle
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 described
17 using 19 second
18 a 19 second
20 - 21 order
21 order 25 and
21 order 27 -
22 maxwell 23 's
23 's 24 model
24 model 25 and
25 and 26 that
25 and 27 -
27 - 39 response
27 - 47 is
27 - 50 .
28 combined 29 with
28 combined 37 -
28 combined 39 response
29 with 33 hyper
30 the 33 hyper
31 previously 32 identified
32 identified 33 hyper
33 hyper 36 properties
34 - 36 properties
35 elastic 36 properties
36 properties 37 -
38 the 39 response
39 response 40 of
39 response 43 in
39 response 47 is
40 of 42 muscle
41 the 42 muscle
43 in 45 and
44 tension 45 and
45 and 46 relaxation
47 is 48 fully
47 is 49 characterized

none objective : the objective of this study was to compare whether different sources of cognitive complaint [(] i.e [.] , subjective and informant ) predict diagnostic conversion in nondemented older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 none 2 objective
1 none 10 to
1 none 11 compare
2 objective 3 :
3 : 5 objective
4 the 5 objective
5 objective 6 of
5 objective 8 study
5 objective 9 was
6 of 7 this
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
11 compare 12 whether
12 whether 14 sources
12 whether 26 predict
13 different 14 sources
14 sources 15 of
14 sources 26 predict
15 of 19 i.e
16 cognitive 17 complaint
17 complaint 19 i.e
19 i.e 23 and
21 , 23 and
22 subjective 23 and
23 and 24 informant
23 and 25 )
26 predict 28 conversion
26 predict 29 in
27 diagnostic 28 conversion
29 in 32 adults
30 nondemented 32 adults
31 older 32 adults

methods : participants from the national alzheimer 's coordinating center had a baseline diagnosis of normal cognition [(] nc [;] [n] = 4414 [;] mean age , 73 ± 8 years [;] 69 % female [ )(or mild cognitive impairment ( [mci] [;] n = 1843 [;] mean age , 74 ± 8 years [;] 52 % female [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 center
2 : 11 had
3 participants 10 center
4 from 9 coordinating
4 from 10 center
5 the 7 alzheimer
6 national 7 alzheimer
7 alzheimer 8 's
8 's 9 coordinating
10 center 11 had
11 had 14 diagnosis
12 a 14 diagnosis
13 baseline 14 diagnosis
14 diagnosis 15 of
14 diagnosis 23 4414
14 diagnosis 25 mean
15 of 17 cognition
16 normal 17 cognition
17 cognition 19 nc
17 cognition 22 =
19 nc 22 =
23 4414 25 mean
25 mean 37 )(or
26 age 27 ,
27 , 35 female
27 , 37 )(or
28 73 35 female
29 ± 35 female
30 8 31 years
31 years 35 female
33 69 34 %
34 % 35 female
37 )(or 40 impairment
37 )(or 45 =
38 mild 40 impairment
39 cognitive 40 impairment
41 ( 45 =
44 n 45 =
45 = 49 age
46 1843 49 age
48 mean 49 age
49 age 58 female
50 , 58 female
51 74 58 female
52 ± 58 female
53 8 58 female
54 years 58 female
56 52 57 %
57 % 58 female
58 female 60 )(

multinomial logistic regression related baseline [cognitive] [complaint] ( no complaint , self [only] , informant [only] , or both self and informant ) to diagnostic outcome [(] reversion , stable , or conversion ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 multinomial 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 related
4 related 5 baseline
4 related 24 to
5 baseline 21 and
8 ( 21 and
9 no 20 self
10 complaint 11 ,
11 , 12 self
11 , 14 ,
14 , 15 informant
14 , 18 or
17 , 18 or
18 or 19 both
18 or 20 self
20 self 21 and
21 and 22 informant
21 and 23 )
24 to 28 reversion
25 diagnostic 26 outcome
26 outcome 28 reversion
28 reversion 32 or
29 , 32 or
30 stable 32 or
31 , 32 or
32 or 33 conversion
32 or 34 )

results : [at] follow - up , 14 % of nc participants converted to mci/dementia ( 3.5 ± 1.8 years ) , and 41 % of mci [participants] converted to dementia ( 3.0 ± 1.6 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 follow
4 follow 6 up
5 - 6 up
6 up 7 ,
7 , 9 %
7 , 13 converted
7 , 23 and
8 14 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 13 converted
10 of 12 participants
11 nc 12 participants
13 converted 14 to
14 to 15 mci/dementia
15 mci/dementia 20 years
16 ( 20 years
17 3.5 20 years
18 ± 20 years
19 1.8 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 %
23 and 29 converted
24 41 25 %
25 % 26 of
25 % 29 converted
26 of 27 mci
29 converted 30 to
30 to 31 dementia
31 dementia 36 years
32 ( 36 years
33 3.0 36 years
34 ± 36 years
35 1.6 36 years
36 years 37 )

[among] participants with mci [-] compared with no complaint , informant complaint [only] [(] or , 2.2 ; 99 % ci , 1.2 - 4.3 , p = . 002 [ )(, [and] both self and informant complaint ( or , 2.9 ; 99 % ci , 1.8 - 4.8 ; p < . 001 [ )( were associated with conversion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
2 participants 3 with
2 participants 6 compared
3 with 4 mci
6 compared 7 with
7 with 9 complaint
8 no 9 complaint
10 , 15 or
10 , 16 ,
11 informant 15 or
12 complaint 15 or
16 , 17 2.2
16 , 18 ;
18 ; 21 ci
18 ; 22 ,
19 99 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
22 , 23 1.2
22 , 24 -
24 - 25 4.3
24 - 26 ,
24 - 28 =
24 - 29 .
26 , 27 p
27 p 28 =
29 . 30 002
29 . 32 )(,
32 )(, 36 and
32 )(, 41 ,
34 both 36 and
35 self 36 and
36 and 38 complaint
36 and 40 or
37 informant 38 complaint
39 ( 40 or
40 or 41 ,
41 , 42 2.9
41 , 43 ;
43 ; 46 ci
43 ; 47 ,
44 99 46 ci
45 % 46 ci
47 , 48 1.8
47 , 49 -
49 - 50 4.8
49 - 51 ;
49 - 53 <
49 - 54 .
51 ; 52 p
52 p 53 <
54 . 55 001
54 . 62 .
55 001 58 were
58 were 59 associated
59 associated 60 with
60 with 61 conversion

conclusions : cognitive complaints are related to conversion among nondemented older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 complaints
2 : 6 related
2 : 13 .
3 cognitive 4 complaints
4 complaints 5 are
5 are 6 related
6 related 7 to
6 related 9 among
7 to 8 conversion
9 among 12 adults
10 nondemented 12 adults
11 older 12 adults

[complaint] [from] both [(] i.e . mutual [complaint] ) sources [was] most predictive [of] diagnostic outcome , followed by informant complaint [,] highlighting the need for obtaining informant corroboration to enhance [prognosis] and distinguish underlying pathological processes from normal cognitive aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
3 both 5 i.e
6 . 16 outcome
6 . 17 ,
7 mutual 9 )
7 mutual 10 sources
10 sources 16 outcome
12 most 13 predictive
13 predictive 15 diagnostic
15 diagnostic 16 outcome
17 , 33 and
18 followed 19 by
18 followed 25 need
18 followed 33 and
19 by 23 highlighting
20 informant 23 highlighting
21 complaint 23 highlighting
24 the 25 need
25 need 26 for
26 for 27 obtaining
27 obtaining 29 corroboration
28 informant 29 corroboration
29 corroboration 30 to
29 corroboration 31 enhance
30 to 31 enhance
33 and 34 distinguish
34 distinguish 37 processes
35 underlying 37 processes
36 pathological 37 processes
37 processes 38 from
38 from 41 aging
39 normal 41 aging
40 cognitive 41 aging

self complaint was related inconsistently [to] diagnostic [outcome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 complaint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 self 2 complaint
2 complaint 3 was
3 was 4 related
4 related 5 inconsistently
4 related 7 diagnostic

to investigate the role of mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase ( smpd1 ) [gene] in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) we sequenced all the exons of this gene in 198 chinese pd cases and matched healthy control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 to 2 investigate
1 to 21 )
1 to 22 we
2 investigate 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 15 in
4 role 20 pd
5 of 6 mutations
6 mutations 7 in
7 in 10 phosphodiesterase
8 the 10 phosphodiesterase
9 sphingomyelin 10 phosphodiesterase
10 phosphodiesterase 12 smpd1
11 ( 12 smpd1
12 smpd1 13 )
15 in 18 disease
16 parkinson 17 's
17 's 18 disease
19 ( 20 pd
20 pd 21 )
22 we 23 sequenced
23 sequenced 24 all
23 sequenced 30 in
24 all 25 the
24 all 26 exons
25 the 26 exons
26 exons 27 of
27 of 29 gene
28 this 29 gene
30 in 31 198
31 198 33 pd
31 198 39 subjects
32 chinese 33 pd
33 pd 35 and
33 pd 39 subjects
34 cases 35 and
35 and 36 matched
35 and 38 control
37 healthy 38 control

we identified 4 rare variants in smpd1 ( p.p332r , p.y500h , p.p533l , and p.r591c ) that were present only in cases and not in control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 5 variants
2 identified 6 in
3 4 5 variants
4 rare 5 variants
6 in 15 and
7 smpd1 11 p.y500h
7 smpd1 15 and
8 ( 11 p.y500h
9 p.p332r 10 ,
9 p.p332r 11 p.y500h
11 p.y500h 13 p.p533l
11 p.y500h 14 ,
12 , 13 p.p533l
13 p.p533l 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 p.r591c
15 and 17 )
15 and 18 that
15 and 19 were
18 that 19 were
19 were 20 present
20 present 21 only
20 present 24 and
22 in 23 cases
22 in 24 and
24 and 25 not
24 and 26 in
26 in 28 subjects
27 control 28 subjects

interestingly , 2 of these variants were previously reported in chinese niemann - pick disease patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 2
3 2 4 of
3 2 7 were
4 of 6 variants
5 these 6 variants
7 were 8 previously
7 were 9 reported
9 reported 10 in
10 in 12 niemann
11 chinese 12 niemann
13 - 14 pick
13 - 17 .
14 pick 16 patients
15 disease 16 patients

next , we genotyped these variants in another 806 pd cases and 7481 control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 genotyped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 next 2 ,
1 next 3 we
3 we 4 genotyped
4 genotyped 6 variants
4 genotyped 7 in
5 these 6 variants
7 in 12 and
8 another 9 806
9 806 11 cases
10 pd 11 cases
11 cases 12 and
12 and 15 subjects
13 7481 15 subjects
14 control 15 subjects

we identified a novel , rare smpd1 variant ( p.r591c [ )(which increased the risk of pd ( p = 0.009 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 8 variant
3 a 8 variant
4 novel 5 ,
4 novel 8 variant
6 rare 8 variant
7 smpd1 8 variant
8 variant 10 p.r591c
9 ( 10 p.r591c
10 p.r591c 12 )(which
10 p.r591c 13 increased
10 p.r591c 22 )
12 )(which 13 increased
13 increased 15 risk
13 increased 20 =
14 the 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 17 pd
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.009

objectives : behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) are prevalent in alzheimer disease ( ad ) and are related [to] poor outcomes such as nursing home placement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 6 symptoms
2 : 12 are
2 : 20 and
3 behavioral 4 and
4 and 5 psychological
4 and 6 symptoms
6 symptoms 7 of
6 symptoms 10 bpsd
6 symptoms 12 are
7 of 8 dementia
9 ( 10 bpsd
10 bpsd 11 )
12 are 13 prevalent
13 prevalent 14 in
14 in 16 disease
15 alzheimer 16 disease
16 disease 18 ad
17 ( 18 ad
18 ad 19 )
20 and 21 are
20 and 29 home
21 are 25 outcomes
21 are 29 home
22 related 25 outcomes
24 poor 25 outcomes
25 outcomes 27 as
26 such 27 as
27 as 28 nursing
29 home 30 placement

no study has examined the impact of individual bpsd on dependence , a clinically important feature that reflects changing patient needs and their effect on caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
1 no 2 study
2 study 3 has
3 has 4 examined
4 examined 6 impact
4 examined 10 on
5 the 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
7 of 9 bpsd
8 individual 9 bpsd
10 on 11 dependence
11 dependence 16 feature
12 , 16 feature
13 a 14 clinically
13 a 16 feature
14 clinically 15 important
15 important 16 feature
16 feature 17 that
16 feature 18 reflects
16 feature 27 .
17 that 18 reflects
18 reflects 22 and
18 reflects 25 on
19 changing 20 patient
20 patient 21 needs
21 needs 22 and
22 and 24 effect
23 their 24 effect
25 on 26 caregivers

the current study characterized independent cross - sectional and longitudinal relationships between three bpsd ( psychosis , depressed mood , and agitation/aggression ) , cognition , and dependence to better understand the interplay between these symptoms over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 6 cross
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 characterized
4 characterized 6 cross
5 independent 6 cross
7 - 11 relationships
7 - 24 ,
8 sectional 9 and
9 and 10 longitudinal
9 and 11 relationships
11 relationships 12 between
12 between 14 bpsd
13 three 14 bpsd
14 bpsd 21 and
15 ( 21 and
16 psychosis 17 ,
17 , 19 mood
17 , 21 and
18 depressed 19 mood
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 agitation/aggression
21 and 23 )
24 , 27 and
25 cognition 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 dependence
27 and 29 to
27 and 31 understand
29 to 31 understand
30 better 31 understand
31 understand 33 interplay
31 understand 34 between
31 understand 37 over
32 the 33 interplay
34 between 36 symptoms
35 these 36 symptoms
37 over 38 time

design : the predictors study measured changes in bpsd , cognition , and dependence every 6 months in patients with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 and
2 : 22 .
3 the 7 changes
4 predictors 6 measured
5 study 6 measured
6 measured 7 changes
7 changes 8 in
7 changes 13 and
8 in 9 bpsd
9 bpsd 11 cognition
10 , 11 cognition
11 cognition 12 ,
13 and 14 dependence
13 and 15 every
13 and 18 in
13 and 20 with
15 every 17 months
16 6 17 months
18 in 19 patients
20 with 21 ad

cross - sectional and longitudinal relationships between individual bpsd , cognition , and dependence over 6 years were characterized by using multivariate latent growth curve modeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 cross 6 relationships
1 cross 13 and
2 - 6 relationships
3 sectional 4 and
4 and 5 longitudinal
4 and 6 relationships
6 relationships 7 between
6 relationships 11 cognition
6 relationships 12 ,
7 between 9 bpsd
8 individual 9 bpsd
10 , 11 cognition
11 cognition 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 dependence
13 and 15 over
13 and 18 were
15 over 17 years
16 6 17 years
18 were 19 characterized
19 characterized 20 by
20 by 21 using
21 using 26 modeling
22 multivariate 24 growth
23 latent 24 growth
24 growth 26 modeling
25 curve 26 modeling

this approach characterizes independent changes in multiple outcome measures over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 approach
2 approach 3 characterizes
3 characterizes 5 changes
3 characterizes 6 in
3 characterizes 10 over
4 independent 5 changes
6 in 9 measures
7 multiple 8 outcome
8 outcome 9 measures
10 over 11 time

setting : four memory clinics in the united states and europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 clinics
3 four 5 clinics
4 memory 5 clinics
5 clinics 6 in
6 in 10 and
7 the 9 states
8 united 9 states
9 states 10 and
10 and 11 europe

participants : a total of 517 patients with probable ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 patients
6 517 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
8 with 10 ad
9 probable 10 ad

measurements : columbia university scale for psychopathology , modified mini - mental state examination , and dependence scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 5 scale
3 columbia 4 university
4 university 5 scale
5 scale 6 for
6 for 7 psychopathology
8 , 10 mini
8 , 11 -
9 modified 10 mini
11 - 16 and
11 - 19 .
12 mental 13 state
13 state 14 examination
14 examination 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 scale
17 dependence 18 scale

results : both psychosis and depressed mood at study entry were associated with worse subsequent cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 17 decline
2 : 18 .
3 both 4 psychosis
4 psychosis 5 and
5 and 7 mood
5 and 8 at
5 and 17 decline
6 depressed 7 mood
8 at 9 study
9 study 10 entry
9 study 13 with
10 entry 11 were
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
14 worse 17 decline
15 subsequent 17 decline
16 cognitive 17 decline

independent of cognitive [decline] , initial psychosis was associated with worse subsequent increases in dependence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 independent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 independent 2 of
1 independent 8 was
2 of 7 psychosis
3 cognitive 5 ,
3 cognitive 7 psychosis
6 initial 7 psychosis
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 14 in
10 with 13 increases
11 worse 13 increases
12 subsequent 13 increases
14 in 15 dependence

rates of [increase] in agitation/aggression separately correlated with rates of declines in both cognition and independence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 rates 2 of
1 rates 7 correlated
2 of 4 in
4 in 5 agitation/aggression
6 separately 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
7 correlated 12 in
8 with 9 rates
9 rates 10 of
10 of 11 declines
12 in 15 and
13 both 15 and
14 cognition 15 and
15 and 16 independence

conclusions : although purely observational , our findings support the poor prognosis associated with psychosis and depression in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 although
3 although 8 findings
4 purely 5 observational
5 observational 6 ,
5 observational 8 findings
7 our 8 findings
8 findings 9 support
9 support 12 prognosis
9 support 14 with
9 support 18 in
10 the 12 prognosis
11 poor 12 prognosis
12 prognosis 13 associated
14 with 16 and
15 psychosis 16 and
16 and 17 depression
18 in 19 ad

results also show that agitation/aggression tracks declines in cognition and independence independently over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 results 3 show
2 also 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 agitation/aggression
4 that 6 tracks
5 agitation/aggression 6 tracks
6 tracks 7 declines
6 tracks 8 in
6 tracks 12 independently
8 in 10 and
9 cognition 10 and
10 and 11 independence
12 independently 13 over
13 over 14 time

targeted intervention for individual bpsd , particularly psychosis , could have broad effects [not] only on patient well - being but also on care costs and family burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
1 targeted 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 for
2 intervention 10 could
3 for 5 bpsd
4 individual 5 bpsd
5 bpsd 8 psychosis
6 , 7 particularly
6 , 8 psychosis
8 psychosis 9 ,
10 could 11 have
11 have 13 effects
11 have 15 only
11 have 20 being
12 broad 13 effects
15 only 16 on
16 on 18 well
17 patient 18 well
19 - 20 being
20 being 21 but
20 being 23 on
20 being 29 .
21 but 22 also
23 on 26 and
24 care 25 costs
25 costs 26 and
26 and 28 burden
27 family 28 burden

objectives : the present study examines whether subjective age ( i.e [.] , how [old] or young individuals feel ) is associated with cognitive functioning and tests potential mediators of this association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 26 and
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 26 and
6 examines 7 whether
6 examines 23 with
6 examines 26 and
7 whether 9 age
7 whether 22 associated
8 subjective 9 age
9 age 16 or
9 age 21 is
10 ( 16 or
11 i.e 13 ,
13 , 14 how
13 , 16 or
16 or 17 young
16 or 18 individuals
16 or 19 feel
16 or 20 )
18 individuals 19 feel
21 is 22 associated
23 with 25 functioning
24 cognitive 25 functioning
26 and 27 tests
27 tests 29 mediators
28 potential 29 mediators
29 mediators 30 of
30 of 32 association
31 this 32 association

design : data from the two waves of measurement of the midlife in the united states survey were used , with assessments conducted at the first wave in 1994 - 1995 and at the second wave in 2004 - 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 19 used
2 : 39 -
2 : 41 .
3 data 4 from
3 data 10 of
3 data 18 were
4 from 7 waves
5 the 6 two
6 two 7 waves
7 waves 8 of
8 of 9 measurement
10 of 17 survey
11 the 17 survey
12 midlife 13 in
12 midlife 16 states
13 in 15 united
14 the 15 united
16 states 17 survey
18 were 19 used
19 used 21 with
20 , 21 with
21 with 22 assessments
21 with 39 -
22 assessments 23 conducted
22 assessments 24 at
22 assessments 37 in
24 at 27 wave
25 the 26 first
25 the 27 wave
27 wave 32 and
28 in 30 -
28 in 32 and
29 1994 30 -
30 - 31 1995
32 and 33 at
33 at 36 wave
34 the 36 wave
35 second 36 wave
37 in 38 2004
39 - 40 2006

participants : a total of 1,352 men and women aged from 50 to 75 years at baseline ( m : 59.32 ; sd : 6.72 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 10 aged
2 : 20 :
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 10 aged
5 of 8 and
6 1,352 7 men
7 men 8 and
8 and 9 women
10 aged 15 years
10 aged 16 at
11 from 13 to
12 50 13 to
13 to 14 75
13 to 15 years
16 at 17 baseline
17 baseline 19 m
18 ( 19 m
19 m 20 :
20 : 21 59.32
20 : 22 ;
22 ; 23 sd
22 ; 24 :
24 : 25 6.72
24 : 27 )(

measurements : subjective age , body mass index [(] bmi ) , physical activity , and the covariates sex , age , education , marital status , and disease burden were assessed at baseline to predict episodic memory and executive function measured 10 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 4 age
2 : 12 ,
3 subjective 4 age
4 age 10 bmi
5 , 10 bmi
6 body 7 mass
7 mass 10 bmi
8 index 10 bmi
10 bmi 11 )
12 , 16 and
13 physical 14 activity
14 activity 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 covariates
16 and 28 and
16 and 32 assessed
17 the 18 covariates
19 sex 20 ,
20 , 21 age
20 , 22 ,
22 , 23 education
22 , 24 ,
24 , 26 status
24 , 28 and
25 marital 26 status
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 disease
28 and 30 burden
28 and 31 were
28 and 32 assessed
30 burden 31 were
32 assessed 33 at
32 assessed 35 to
32 assessed 45 later
33 at 34 baseline
35 to 36 predict
36 predict 39 and
36 predict 42 measured
37 episodic 38 memory
38 memory 39 and
39 and 41 function
39 and 42 measured
40 executive 41 function
42 measured 43 10
44 years 45 later

results : multiple regression analysis revealed that a younger subjective age at baseline was prospectively associated with better episodic memory and executive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 analysis
2 : 6 revealed
3 multiple 4 regression
4 regression 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 revealed
6 revealed 7 that
7 that 11 age
7 that 16 associated
8 a 11 age
9 younger 11 age
10 subjective 11 age
11 age 12 at
11 age 14 was
12 at 13 baseline
14 was 16 associated
15 prospectively 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 21 and
18 better 20 memory
19 episodic 20 memory
20 memory 21 and
21 and 23 function
22 executive 23 function

bootstrap analysis indicated that the association of subjective age with episodic memory and executive function was partially mediated by bmi and frequency of physical activity respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bootstrap
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 bootstrap 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 indicated
2 analysis 4 that
2 analysis 16 was
2 analysis 18 mediated
4 that 6 association
4 that 16 was
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
6 association 16 was
7 of 9 age
8 subjective 9 age
9 age 10 with
10 with 13 and
11 episodic 12 memory
12 memory 13 and
13 and 15 function
14 executive 15 function
17 partially 18 mediated
18 mediated 19 by
18 mediated 26 respectively
19 by 21 and
20 bmi 21 and
21 and 22 frequency
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 activity
24 physical 25 activity

conclusion : even after accounting for chronological age and other risk factors for cognitive [decline] , such as disease burden and sedentary lifestyle , the subjective experience of aging predicts cognitive functioning in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 even
3 even 4 after
3 even 6 for
3 even 13 for
4 after 5 accounting
6 for 9 and
7 chronological 8 age
8 age 9 and
9 and 10 other
9 and 11 risk
9 and 12 factors
11 risk 12 factors
13 for 27 experience
14 cognitive 18 as
14 cognitive 24 ,
14 cognitive 27 experience
16 , 18 as
17 such 18 as
18 as 21 and
18 as 24 ,
19 disease 20 burden
20 burden 21 and
21 and 23 lifestyle
21 and 24 ,
22 sedentary 23 lifestyle
25 the 27 experience
26 subjective 27 experience
27 experience 28 of
27 experience 30 predicts
28 of 29 aging
30 predicts 32 functioning
31 cognitive 32 functioning
32 functioning 33 in
33 in 35 age
34 old 35 age

triggering receptor expressed [on] myeloid cells 2 ( trem2 ) homozygous mutations cause nasu - hakola disease , an early - onset recessive form of dementia preceded by bone cysts and fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 cause
1 triggering 6 cells
1 triggering 10 )
1 triggering 12 mutations
2 receptor 3 expressed
3 expressed 6 cells
5 myeloid 6 cells
6 cells 7 2
6 cells 9 trem2
8 ( 9 trem2
9 trem2 10 )
11 homozygous 12 mutations
12 mutations 13 cause
13 cause 14 nasu
14 nasu 17 disease
15 - 17 disease
16 hakola 17 disease
17 disease 31 and
17 disease 33 .
18 , 31 and
19 an 24 form
20 early 21 -
20 early 22 onset
22 onset 24 form
23 recessive 24 form
24 form 25 of
24 form 31 and
25 of 26 dementia
26 dementia 27 preceded
27 preceded 28 by
28 by 30 cysts
29 bone 30 cysts
31 and 32 fractures
31 and 33 .

the same type of mutations has recently been shown to cause frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) without the presence of any bone phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 of
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 4 of
3 type 4 of
4 of 5 mutations
4 of 6 has
6 has 8 been
7 recently 8 been
8 been 9 shown
9 shown 10 to
10 to 11 cause
11 cause 13 dementia
11 cause 17 without
12 frontotemporal 13 dementia
13 dementia 15 ftd
14 ( 15 ftd
15 ftd 16 )
17 without 19 presence
18 the 19 presence
19 presence 20 of
20 of 23 phenotype
21 any 23 phenotype
22 bone 23 phenotype

here , we further confirm the association of trem2 mutations with ftd [-] like phenotypes by reporting the first compound heterozygous mutation in a turkish family . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 5 confirm
4 further 5 confirm
5 confirm 7 association
5 confirm 15 phenotypes
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 of
7 association 15 phenotypes
8 of 9 trem2
9 trem2 10 mutations
9 trem2 14 like
10 mutations 11 with
10 mutations 14 like
11 with 12 ftd
15 phenotypes 16 by
15 phenotypes 22 mutation
15 phenotypes 23 in
16 by 17 reporting
17 reporting 20 compound
18 the 20 compound
19 first 20 compound
21 heterozygous 22 mutation
23 in 26 family
24 a 25 turkish
24 a 26 family
25 turkish 26 family

recent evidence has shown that older adults fail to show adaptation in the right fusiform gyrus ( fg ) to the same face presented repeatedly , despite accurate detection of the previously presented face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 show
1 recent 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 has
3 has 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 7 adults
5 that 8 fail
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 fail
8 fail 9 to
9 to 10 show
10 show 11 adaptation
11 adaptation 12 in
11 adaptation 20 to
11 adaptation 24 presented
12 in 16 gyrus
13 the 16 gyrus
14 right 16 gyrus
15 fusiform 16 gyrus
16 gyrus 18 fg
17 ( 18 fg
18 fg 19 )
20 to 23 face
21 the 22 same
21 the 23 face
24 presented 25 repeatedly
24 presented 27 despite
26 , 27 despite
27 despite 29 detection
27 despite 35 .
28 accurate 29 detection
29 detection 30 of
30 of 34 face
31 the 34 face
32 previously 33 presented
33 presented 34 face

we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether this phenomenon is associated with age - related reductions in face specificity in brain activity and whether older adults compensate for these face - processing deficiencies by increasing activity in other areas within the face [-] processing network , or outside this network . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 face
1 we 2 used
2 used 6 imaging
2 used 7 to
2 used 17 related
3 functional 6 imaging
4 magnetic 5 resonance
5 resonance 6 imaging
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 9 whether
8 investigate 14 with
9 whether 11 phenomenon
9 whether 12 is
10 this 11 phenomenon
11 phenomenon 12 is
12 is 13 associated
14 with 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 25 and
18 reductions 19 in
18 reductions 25 and
19 in 21 specificity
20 face 21 specificity
21 specificity 22 in
22 in 24 activity
23 brain 24 activity
25 and 26 whether
25 and 28 adults
25 and 29 compensate
27 older 28 adults
28 adults 29 compensate
29 compensate 30 for
30 for 31 these
31 these 32 face
32 face 34 processing
33 - 34 processing
34 processing 35 deficiencies
34 processing 53 .
35 deficiencies 36 by
36 by 37 increasing
37 increasing 38 activity
37 increasing 39 in
37 increasing 49 or
39 in 41 areas
40 other 41 areas
42 within 47 network
42 within 49 or
43 the 47 network
44 face 47 network
46 processing 47 network
48 , 49 or
49 or 50 outside
50 outside 52 network
51 this 52 network

a comparison of brain activity across multiple stimulus categories showed that , unlike young adults who engaged a number of brain regions specific to face processing , older adults generalized these patterns of activity to objects and houses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 2 comparison
2 comparison 3 of
2 comparison 10 showed
3 of 5 activity
4 brain 5 activity
5 activity 6 across
6 across 9 categories
7 multiple 9 categories
8 stimulus 9 categories
10 showed 11 that
12 , 29 adults
12 , 30 generalized
13 unlike 15 adults
13 unlike 27 ,
13 unlike 29 adults
14 young 15 adults
15 adults 16 who
15 adults 17 engaged
16 who 17 engaged
17 engaged 22 regions
18 a 19 number
19 number 20 of
19 number 22 regions
20 of 22 regions
21 brain 22 regions
22 regions 23 specific
23 specific 24 to
24 to 26 processing
25 face 26 processing
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 30 generalized
30 generalized 32 patterns
30 generalized 35 to
31 these 32 patterns
32 patterns 33 of
33 of 34 activity
35 to 37 and
36 objects 37 and
37 and 38 houses

also , young adults showed functional connectivity between the right fg and its homologous region during face processing , whereas older adults did not engage the left fg but showed a functional connection between the right fg and left orbitofrontal cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 4 adults
1 also 5 showed
3 young 4 adults
4 adults 5 showed
5 showed 7 connectivity
5 showed 8 between
5 showed 11 fg
5 showed 12 and
5 showed 20 whereas
6 functional 7 connectivity
8 between 10 right
9 the 10 right
12 and 15 region
13 its 15 region
14 homologous 15 region
15 region 16 during
16 during 18 processing
17 face 18 processing
19 , 20 whereas
20 whereas 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 did
23 did 24 not
23 did 29 but
25 engage 28 fg
25 engage 29 but
26 the 27 left
27 left 28 fg
29 but 30 showed
30 showed 33 connection
30 showed 38 and
31 a 33 connection
32 functional 33 connection
33 connection 34 between
34 between 36 right
35 the 36 right
37 fg 38 and
38 and 41 cortex
39 left 41 cortex
40 orbitofrontal 41 cortex

finally , this frontotemporal functional connection was activated more strongly in older adults who performed better on a face - matching [task] ( done outside of the scanner ) , suggesting increased involvement of this functional link for successful face recognition with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 connection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 activated
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 6 connection
3 this 6 connection
4 frontotemporal 6 connection
5 functional 6 connection
6 connection 7 was
7 was 8 activated
8 activated 10 strongly
8 activated 11 in
8 activated 16 better
9 more 10 strongly
11 in 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 who
13 adults 15 performed
14 who 15 performed
16 better 17 on
16 better 21 matching
17 on 19 face
18 a 19 face
20 - 21 matching
21 matching 24 done
21 matching 31 suggesting
21 matching 45 .
23 ( 24 done
24 done 26 of
24 done 29 )
25 outside 26 of
26 of 28 scanner
27 the 28 scanner
30 , 31 suggesting
31 suggesting 33 involvement
31 suggesting 42 with
31 suggesting 45 .
32 increased 33 involvement
33 involvement 34 of
34 of 37 link
35 this 37 link
36 functional 37 link
37 link 38 for
38 for 41 recognition
39 successful 40 face
40 face 41 recognition
42 with 43 increasing
43 increasing 44 age

these findings suggest that 2 neural mechanisms , dedifferentiation and compensatory neural recruitment , underlie age differences in face processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 mechanisms
4 that 15 underlie
5 2 7 mechanisms
6 neural 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 10 and
7 mechanisms 15 underlie
8 , 10 and
9 dedifferentiation 10 and
10 and 13 recruitment
10 and 14 ,
11 compensatory 13 recruitment
12 neural 13 recruitment
15 underlie 17 differences
15 underlie 18 in
16 age 17 differences
18 in 20 processing
19 face 20 processing

cancer incidence increases with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 cancer 3 increases
2 incidence 3 increases
3 increases 4 with
3 increases 6 age
4 with 5 advancing

over 60 % of new cancers [and] 70 % of cancer deaths occur in individuals aged 65 years or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 over 3 %
1 over 9 %
2 60 3 %
3 % 4 of
4 of 6 cancers
5 new 6 cancers
8 70 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 13 occur
10 of 12 deaths
11 cancer 12 deaths
13 occur 14 in
13 occur 19 or
14 in 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 aged
16 aged 17 65
18 years 19 or
19 or 20 older

one factor that may contribute to this is immunosenescence - a canopy term that is used to describe age - related declines in the normal functioning of the immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 one 2 factor
2 factor 3 that
2 factor 4 may
2 factor 8 is
3 that 4 may
4 may 5 contribute
5 contribute 6 to
6 to 7 this
8 is 9 immunosenescence
9 immunosenescence 13 term
10 - 13 term
11 a 13 term
12 canopy 13 term
13 term 16 used
13 term 20 -
14 that 15 is
15 is 16 used
16 used 17 to
16 used 18 describe
17 to 18 describe
18 describe 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 declines
21 related 23 in
23 in 26 functioning
24 the 26 functioning
25 normal 26 functioning
26 functioning 27 of
27 of 30 system
28 the 30 system
29 immune 30 system

there [are] multiple age - related deficits in both the innate and adaptive systems that may play a role in the increased incidence of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 4 age
3 multiple 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 deficits
6 related 8 in
8 in 9 both
9 both 10 the
9 both 14 systems
10 the 14 systems
11 innate 12 and
12 and 13 adaptive
12 and 14 systems
14 systems 15 that
14 systems 16 may
15 that 16 may
16 may 17 play
17 play 19 role
17 play 20 in
18 a 19 role
20 in 23 incidence
21 the 23 incidence
22 increased 23 incidence
23 incidence 24 of
24 of 25 cancer

there is consensus that habitual physical exercise can offer protection against certain types of cancer ; however the evidence linking immunological mechanisms , exercise , and reduced cancer risk remain tentative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 10 protection
2 is 11 against
3 consensus 10 protection
4 that 5 habitual
5 habitual 7 exercise
6 physical 7 exercise
7 exercise 10 protection
8 can 10 protection
9 offer 10 protection
11 against 14 of
12 certain 14 of
13 types 14 of
14 of 15 cancer
16 ; 26 and
16 ; 30 remain
17 however 26 and
18 the 19 evidence
19 evidence 20 linking
19 evidence 23 ,
20 linking 22 mechanisms
21 immunological 22 mechanisms
23 , 24 exercise
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 risk
26 and 30 remain
27 reduced 28 cancer
28 cancer 29 risk
30 remain 31 tentative

multiple studies published over the last two decades suggest that exercise can mitigate the deleterious effects of age on immune function [,] thus increasing anti - cancer immunity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 multiple 2 studies
2 studies 3 published
2 studies 4 over
2 studies 9 suggest
4 over 8 decades
5 the 6 last
5 the 7 two
7 two 8 decades
9 suggest 10 that
10 that 11 exercise
10 that 13 mitigate
11 exercise 12 can
12 can 13 mitigate
13 mitigate 16 effects
13 mitigate 19 on
14 the 16 effects
15 deleterious 16 effects
16 effects 17 of
17 of 18 age
19 on 28 immunity
20 immune 21 function
21 function 28 immunity
23 thus 24 increasing
24 increasing 27 cancer
25 anti 26 -
25 anti 27 cancer
27 cancer 28 immunity

the potential ameliorative effect of exercise on these mechanisms include evidence that physical activity is able to stimulate greater nk - cell activity , enhance antigen - presentation , reduce inflammation , and prevent senescent cell accumulation in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 4 effect
2 potential 4 effect
3 ameliorative 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 7 on
4 effect 9 mechanisms
4 effect 10 include
4 effect 15 is
5 of 6 exercise
7 on 8 these
9 mechanisms 10 include
10 include 14 activity
11 evidence 14 activity
12 that 13 physical
13 physical 14 activity
15 is 16 able
16 able 17 to
16 able 18 stimulate
17 to 18 stimulate
18 stimulate 20 nk
19 greater 20 nk
20 nk 23 activity
21 - 23 activity
22 cell 23 activity
23 activity 24 ,
24 , 29 ,
25 enhance 28 presentation
25 enhance 29 ,
26 antigen 27 -
26 antigen 28 presentation
29 , 33 and
30 reduce 31 inflammation
30 reduce 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 prevent
34 prevent 37 accumulation
34 prevent 38 in
35 senescent 36 cell
36 cell 37 accumulation
38 in 40 elderly
39 the 40 elderly

here we discuss the role played by the immune system in preventing and controlling cancer and how aging may retard these anti - cancer mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 13 and
3 discuss 5 role
3 discuss 13 and
4 the 5 role
5 role 6 played
6 played 7 by
6 played 11 in
7 by 10 system
8 the 10 system
9 immune 10 system
11 in 12 preventing
13 and 20 retard
14 controlling 16 and
14 controlling 19 may
15 cancer 16 and
16 and 17 how
16 and 18 aging
19 may 20 retard
20 retard 25 mechanisms
21 these 25 mechanisms
22 anti 23 -
22 anti 24 cancer
24 cancer 25 mechanisms

we also propose a pathway by which exercise [-] induced alterations in immunosenescence may decrease the incidence of cancer and help improve [prognosis] in cancer patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 20 and
2 also 3 propose
3 propose 5 pathway
3 propose 15 decrease
3 propose 20 and
4 a 5 pathway
5 pathway 6 by
5 pathway 14 may
6 by 7 which
6 by 8 exercise
6 by 10 induced
8 exercise 10 induced
10 induced 11 alterations
11 alterations 12 in
12 in 13 immunosenescence
14 may 15 decrease
15 decrease 17 incidence
16 the 17 incidence
17 incidence 18 of
18 of 19 cancer
20 and 21 help
20 and 24 in
21 help 22 improve
24 in 26 patients
25 cancer 26 patients

background : impairment of the autonomic nervous system activity may be involved in the development of [hypertension] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 impairment
3 impairment 4 of
3 impairment 9 activity
3 impairment 16 of
4 of 8 system
5 the 8 system
6 autonomic 8 system
7 nervous 8 system
9 activity 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 involved
12 involved 13 in
13 in 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of

yet the prognostic values of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity in the risk [of] new - onset ambulatory hypertension have not been investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 yet 9 and
2 the 4 values
3 prognostic 4 values
4 values 5 of
4 values 9 and
5 of 8 variability
6 heart 8 variability
7 rate 8 variability
9 and 11 sensitivity
9 and 12 in
9 and 21 have
10 baroreflex 11 sensitivity
12 in 20 hypertension
13 the 20 hypertension
14 risk 20 hypertension
16 new 17 -
16 new 18 onset
18 onset 20 hypertension
19 ambulatory 20 hypertension
21 have 22 not
21 have 23 been
23 been 24 investigated

we sought to assess the relationship between heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity parameters and ambulatory hypertension in a community - dwelling elderly cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 relationship
4 assess 7 between
4 assess 18 in
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 15 and
8 heart 10 variability
9 rate 10 variability
10 variability 11 and
11 and 14 parameters
11 and 15 and
12 baroreflex 13 sensitivity
13 sensitivity 14 parameters
15 and 17 hypertension
16 ambulatory 17 hypertension
18 in 20 community
19 a 20 community
21 - 24 cohort
21 - 25 .
22 dwelling 24 cohort
23 elderly 24 cohort

methods : normotensive subjects were selected from the proof study cohort , including 1011 subjects aged 65 years at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 6 selected
2 : 12 ,
3 normotensive 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 were
5 were 6 selected
6 selected 7 from
7 from 11 cohort
8 the 11 cohort
9 proof 11 cohort
10 study 11 cohort
12 , 13 including
12 , 16 aged
13 including 15 subjects
13 including 16 aged
14 1011 15 subjects
16 aged 18 years
16 aged 19 at
17 65 18 years
19 at 20 baseline

the autonomic nervous system activity was assessed through 24 - hour heart rate variability and 15 - minute spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 5 activity
2 autonomic 4 system
3 nervous 4 system
4 system 5 activity
5 activity 6 was
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 through
8 through 9 24
10 - 14 variability
10 - 15 and
11 hour 14 variability
12 heart 14 variability
13 rate 14 variability
15 and 16 15
15 and 17 -
16 15 17 -
17 - 18 minute
18 minute 21 sensitivity
18 minute 22 at
19 spontaneous 21 sensitivity
20 baroreflex 21 sensitivity
22 at 23 baseline

incident hypertension was defined with the 24 [-] hour , day - time and night - time ambulatory blood pressure measurements and antihypertensive treatment use , at two - years of [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypertension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 incident 2 hypertension
2 hypertension 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 with
5 with 9 hour
6 the 9 hour
7 24 9 hour
9 hour 11 day
10 , 11 day
11 day 12 -
12 - 14 and
13 time 14 and
14 and 15 night
15 night 22 and
15 night 27 at
16 - 22 and
17 time 20 pressure
18 ambulatory 19 blood
19 blood 20 pressure
20 pressure 21 measurements
21 measurements 22 and
22 and 25 use
22 and 26 ,
23 antihypertensive 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 use
27 at 28 two
28 two 30 years
29 - 30 years
30 years 31 of
30 years 35 .
31 of 34 up
33 - 34 up

results : at baseline , 13.7 % of subjects developed day - time hypertension , 18.2 % developed night - time hypertension and 13.6 % developed 24 - hour hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 at
3 at 4 baseline
4 baseline 10 developed
5 , 10 developed
6 13.7 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 10 developed
8 of 9 subjects
10 developed 11 day
10 developed 12 -
12 - 14 hypertension
12 - 15 ,
12 - 20 -
13 time 14 hypertension
15 , 17 %
15 , 18 developed
16 18.2 17 %
17 % 18 developed
18 developed 19 night
20 - 22 hypertension
20 - 23 and
20 - 28 -
21 time 22 hypertension
23 and 25 %
23 and 26 developed
24 13.6 25 %
25 % 26 developed
26 developed 27 24
28 - 30 hypertension
28 - 31 .
29 hour 30 hypertension

reduced baroreflex sensitivity at baseline was associated with onset [of] hypertension [after] adjustment for blood pressure level , c - reactive protein levels and depression score ( or [=] 0.45 [ 0.23 - 0.86 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 reduced 3 sensitivity
2 baroreflex 3 sensitivity
3 sensitivity 4 at
3 sensitivity 6 was
4 at 5 baseline
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 14 for
8 with 13 adjustment
9 onset 11 hypertension
11 hypertension 13 adjustment
14 for 17 level
15 blood 16 pressure
16 pressure 17 level
17 level 20 -
18 , 20 -
19 c 20 -
20 - 22 protein
20 - 36 )
21 reactive 22 protein
22 protein 24 and
22 protein 26 score
22 protein 28 or
23 levels 24 and
24 and 25 depression
24 and 26 score
27 ( 28 or
28 or 30 0.45
28 or 33 -
28 or 36 )
31 [ 33 -
32 0.23 33 -
33 - 34 0.86
33 - 35 ]

indices of heart rate variability were not associated [with] hypertension onset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 onset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 indices 2 of
1 indices 6 were
2 of 5 variability
3 heart 5 variability
4 rate 5 variability
6 were 7 not
7 not 8 associated
8 associated 10 hypertension
10 hypertension 11 onset

conclusion : baroreflex sensitivity may represent an intermediate goal for prevention of [ambulatory] [hypertension] at early [stage] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 baroreflex
2 : 16 early
3 baroreflex 4 sensitivity
3 baroreflex 15 at
4 sensitivity 5 may
5 may 6 represent
6 represent 9 goal
7 an 8 intermediate
7 an 9 goal
8 intermediate 9 goal
9 goal 10 for
9 goal 12 of
10 for 11 prevention
12 of 15 at

mitochondria play important roles in multiple cellular processes including energy metabolism , cell death , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 mitochondria 4 roles
2 play 4 roles
3 important 4 roles
4 roles 5 in
4 roles 12 ,
5 in 8 processes
6 multiple 8 processes
7 cellular 8 processes
8 processes 9 including
9 including 11 metabolism
10 energy 11 metabolism
12 , 14 death
12 , 16 and
13 cell 14 death
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 aging

regulated energy production and utilization are critical in maintaining energy homeostasis in normal cells and functional organs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 regulated 2 energy
2 energy 3 production
3 production 4 and
4 and 5 utilization
4 and 6 are
6 are 7 critical
7 critical 8 in
8 in 9 maintaining
9 maintaining 11 homeostasis
9 maintaining 12 in
10 energy 11 homeostasis
12 in 15 and
13 normal 14 cells
14 cells 15 and
15 and 17 organs
16 functional 17 organs

however , [mitochondria] go through a series of morphological and functional alterations during carcinogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 go
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 go
4 go 5 through
4 go 13 during
5 through 7 series
6 a 7 series
7 series 8 of
8 of 12 alterations
9 morphological 10 and
10 and 11 functional
10 and 12 alterations
13 during 14 carcinogenesis

the metabolic profile in transformed cells is altered to accommodate their fast proliferation , confer resistance to cell death , or facilitate metastasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 profile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 profile
2 metabolic 3 profile
3 profile 4 in
3 profile 7 is
4 in 6 cells
5 transformed 6 cells
7 is 8 altered
8 altered 9 to
9 to 14 ,
10 accommodate 13 proliferation
10 accommodate 14 ,
11 their 13 proliferation
12 fast 13 proliferation
14 , 21 or
15 confer 16 resistance
15 confer 17 to
15 confer 21 or
17 to 19 death
18 cell 19 death
20 , 21 or
21 or 22 facilitate
22 facilitate 23 metastasis

these transformations also provide targets for anticancer treatment at different levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transformations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 transformations
2 transformations 4 provide
3 also 4 provide
4 provide 5 targets
4 provide 9 at
5 targets 6 for
6 for 8 treatment
7 anticancer 8 treatment
9 at 11 levels
10 different 11 levels

in this review , we discuss the major modifications in cell metabolism during carcinogenesis , including energy metabolism , apoptotic and autophagic cell death , adaptation of tumor microenvironment , and metastasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 9 modifications
6 discuss 10 in
7 the 9 modifications
8 major 9 modifications
10 in 12 metabolism
11 cell 12 metabolism
12 metabolism 13 during
12 metabolism 16 including
13 during 14 carcinogenesis
15 , 16 including
16 including 18 metabolism
16 including 19 ,
17 energy 18 metabolism
19 , 24 death
19 , 25 ,
20 apoptotic 21 and
21 and 22 autophagic
21 and 24 death
23 cell 24 death
25 , 31 and
26 adaptation 27 of
26 adaptation 31 and
27 of 29 microenvironment
28 tumor 29 microenvironment
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 metastasis

we also summarize some of the main metabolic targets for treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 3 summarize
2 also 3 summarize
3 summarize 9 targets
4 some 5 of
4 some 9 targets
5 of 9 targets
6 the 7 main
6 the 9 targets
8 metabolic 9 targets
9 targets 10 for
10 for 11 treatments

objective : to investigate the expression and significance of the mmp - 7 , c - [jun] [and] c - fos in rat photoaging skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 7 and
4 investigate 20 -
5 the 6 expression
6 expression 7 and
7 and 8 significance
7 and 9 of
9 of 11 mmp
10 the 11 mmp
11 mmp 13 7
12 - 13 7
13 7 14 ,
14 , 20 -
15 c 16 -
16 - 19 c
16 - 20 -
20 - 21 fos
20 - 26 .
21 fos 22 in
22 in 25 skin
23 rat 25 skin
24 photoaging 25 skin

methods : a total of 45 sd rats were randomly divided into control group , model group , natural recovery group , physiological saline injection group and dermal pluripotent stem cells transplantation ( dmscs [group] ) , model group , natural recovery group , physiological saline injection group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 11 divided
2 : 37 ,
2 : 49 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 were
5 of 8 rats
6 45 8 rats
7 sd 8 rats
9 were 11 divided
10 randomly 11 divided
11 divided 12 into
12 into 27 and
13 control 14 group
14 group 15 ,
15 , 17 group
15 , 18 ,
16 model 17 group
18 , 21 group
18 , 22 ,
19 natural 21 group
20 recovery 21 group
22 , 26 group
22 , 27 and
23 physiological 25 injection
24 saline 25 injection
25 injection 26 group
27 and 32 transplantation
27 and 34 dmscs
28 dermal 30 stem
29 pluripotent 30 stem
30 stem 32 transplantation
31 cells 32 transplantation
33 ( 34 dmscs
34 dmscs 36 )
37 , 39 group
37 , 40 ,
38 model 39 group
40 , 43 group
40 , 44 ,
41 natural 43 group
42 recovery 43 group
44 , 48 group
45 physiological 46 saline
46 saline 48 group
47 injection 48 group

dmscs were treated with uv lamp irradiation to establish light aging skin [model] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dmscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 dmscs 2 were
2 were 3 treated
3 treated 4 with
3 treated 8 to
4 with 7 irradiation
5 uv 7 irradiation
6 lamp 7 irradiation
8 to 9 establish
9 establish 10 light
10 light 11 aging
11 aging 12 skin

rats were then sacrificed after model prepared , no treatment was processed in the natural recovery group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rats
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sacrificed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 rats 2 were
2 were 3 then
2 were 4 sacrificed
4 sacrificed 5 after
5 after 10 treatment
5 after 12 processed
6 model 10 treatment
7 prepared 8 ,
7 prepared 10 treatment
9 no 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 was
11 was 12 processed
12 processed 13 in
13 in 17 group
14 the 17 group
15 natural 16 recovery
16 recovery 17 group

saline injections [was] adopted in saline group , descs [group] was treated with descs transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 injections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 saline 2 injections
2 injections 4 adopted
2 injections 7 group
4 adopted 5 in
5 in 6 saline
8 , 9 descs
8 , 12 treated
9 descs 11 was
11 was 12 treated
12 treated 13 with
13 with 15 transplantation
14 descs 15 transplantation

rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rats
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sacrificed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 rats 2 were
2 were 3 sacrificed
3 sacrificed 4 after
4 after 6 weeks
5 4 6 weeks

the expression of mmp - 7 , c - [jun] [and] c - fos were detected using the immunohistochemical method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 14 fos
2 expression 15 were
2 expression 16 detected
3 of 4 mmp
4 mmp 6 7
4 mmp 9 -
5 - 6 7
6 7 7 ,
7 , 9 -
8 c 9 -
9 - 12 c
9 - 13 -
14 fos 15 were
16 detected 17 using
16 detected 20 method
17 using 19 immunohistochemical
18 the 19 immunohistochemical

results : in model group , mmp 7 positive expression was higher than that in the other 4 groups , but without [statistically] difference ( p>0.05 [ )( [c] - [jun] , c - fos expression were higher than that in the control group and descs group ( p<0.05 ) , there [was] no significant difference comparing natural recovery [group] with physiological saline injection [group] ( p>0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 ,
3 in 4 model
3 in 5 group
6 , 10 expression
6 , 11 was
7 mmp 10 expression
8 7 10 expression
9 positive 10 expression
10 expression 11 was
11 was 12 higher
12 higher 13 than
12 higher 21 but
13 than 14 that
15 in 19 groups
15 in 21 but
16 the 17 other
17 other 18 4
18 4 19 groups
20 , 21 but
21 but 22 without
22 without 24 difference
24 difference 26 p>0.05
24 difference 34 -
25 ( 26 p>0.05
26 p>0.05 30 -
32 , 34 -
33 c 34 -
34 - 35 fos
35 fos 36 expression
35 fos 37 were
35 fos 38 higher
36 expression 37 were
38 higher 39 than
38 higher 41 in
39 than 40 that
41 in 47 group
42 the 47 group
43 control 44 group
44 group 45 and
45 and 46 descs
45 and 47 group
47 group 49 p<0.05
47 group 59 recovery
48 ( 49 p<0.05
49 p<0.05 50 )
51 , 59 recovery
52 there 59 recovery
54 no 57 comparing
55 significant 56 difference
56 difference 57 comparing
57 comparing 59 recovery
58 natural 59 recovery
59 recovery 61 with
59 recovery 67 p>0.05
59 recovery 69 .
61 with 64 injection
62 physiological 64 injection
63 saline 64 injection
66 ( 67 p>0.05
67 p>0.05 68 )

conclusions : mmp - 7 , c - [jun] [and] c - fos can be used as diagnosis indicators in the early stage of light aging , and they jointly participate in its development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 mmp
2 : 12 -
3 mmp 5 7
4 - 5 7
5 7 8 -
5 7 12 -
6 , 8 -
7 c 8 -
8 - 11 c
8 - 12 -
12 - 13 fos
12 - 16 used
12 - 28 and
13 fos 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 used
16 used 17 as
17 as 19 indicators
18 diagnosis 19 indicators
19 indicators 20 in
20 in 23 stage
21 the 23 stage
22 early 23 stage
23 stage 24 of
23 stage 26 aging
24 of 25 light
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 they
28 and 31 participate
29 they 31 participate
30 jointly 31 participate
31 participate 32 in
32 in 34 development
33 its 34 development

dmscs transplants [is] effective in treating light aging skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transplants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 light
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 dmscs 2 transplants
2 transplants 4 effective
2 transplants 7 light
4 effective 5 in
5 in 6 treating
7 light 9 skin
8 aging 9 skin

background : both cognitive and physical exercise have been discussed as promising interventions for healthy cognitive aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 10 discussed
2 : 18 .
3 both 5 and
4 cognitive 5 and
5 and 7 exercise
5 and 8 have
6 physical 7 exercise
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 discussed
10 discussed 11 as
11 as 13 interventions
12 promising 13 interventions
13 interventions 14 for
14 for 17 aging
15 healthy 17 aging
16 cognitive 17 aging

the present study assessed the effects of cognitive training ( spatial vs [.] perceptual training [ )(and physical training ( endurance training [vs] [.] [non] - endurance training ) on spatial learning and associated brain activation in 33 adults ( 40 - 55 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 assessed
4 assessed 6 effects
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 17 )(and
7 of 9 training
8 cognitive 9 training
10 ( 17 )(and
11 spatial 12 vs
11 spatial 17 )(and
12 vs 15 training
14 perceptual 15 training
17 )(and 18 physical
17 )(and 19 training
17 )(and 46 .
19 training 26 -
19 training 30 on
19 training 37 in
19 training 39 adults
19 training 42 -
20 ( 26 -
21 endurance 22 training
22 training 26 -
26 - 28 training
26 - 29 )
27 endurance 28 training
30 on 36 activation
31 spatial 36 activation
32 learning 33 and
33 and 35 brain
33 and 36 activation
34 associated 35 brain
37 in 38 33
40 ( 42 -
41 40 42 -
42 - 44 years
42 - 45 )
43 55 44 years

spatial learning was assessed with a virtual maze task , and at the same time [neural] correlates were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 spatial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
1 spatial 2 learning
1 spatial 3 was
1 spatial 4 assessed
1 spatial 11 and
1 spatial 18 were
2 learning 3 was
5 with 9 task
5 with 11 and
6 a 7 virtual
6 a 9 task
7 virtual 8 maze
8 maze 9 task
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 at
12 at 14 same
13 the 14 same
14 same 15 time
14 same 17 correlates
15 time 17 correlates
18 were 19 measured
19 measured 20 with
20 with 24 imaging
21 functional 24 imaging
22 magnetic 23 resonance
23 resonance 24 imaging
24 imaging 26 fmri
25 ( 26 fmri
26 fmri 27 )

results : only the spatial training improved performance in the maze task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 only
2 : 8 performance
4 the 8 performance
5 spatial 6 training
6 training 7 improved
7 improved 8 performance
8 performance 9 in
9 in 12 task
10 the 12 task
11 maze 12 task

these behavioral gains were accompanied by a decrease in frontal and temporal lobe activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 3 gains
2 behavioral 3 gains
3 gains 4 were
4 were 5 accompanied
5 accompanied 6 by
5 accompanied 9 in
6 by 8 decrease
7 a 8 decrease
9 in 14 activity
10 frontal 11 and
11 and 12 temporal
11 and 13 lobe
13 lobe 14 activity

at posttest , participants of the spatial training group showed lower activity than participants of the perceptual training group in a network of brain regions associated with spatial learning , including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 associated
1 at 2 posttest
1 at 3 ,
1 at 4 participants
4 participants 5 of
4 participants 10 showed
5 of 9 group
6 the 9 group
7 spatial 8 training
8 training 9 group
10 showed 12 activity
11 lower 12 activity
13 than 14 participants
13 than 19 group
14 participants 15 of
14 participants 19 group
15 of 18 training
16 the 18 training
17 perceptual 18 training
19 group 20 in
20 in 22 network
21 a 22 network
22 network 23 of
23 of 24 brain
24 brain 25 regions
24 brain 26 associated
25 regions 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 29 learning
28 spatial 29 learning
29 learning 31 including
30 , 31 including
31 including 34 and
31 including 37 .
32 the 33 hippocampus
33 hippocampus 34 and
34 and 36 gyrus
35 parahippocampal 36 gyrus

no significant differences were observed between the two physical intervention groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 were
4 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 between
6 between 11 groups
7 the 8 two
8 two 11 groups
9 physical 10 intervention
10 intervention 11 groups

conclusions : functional changes in neural systems associated with spatial navigation can be induced by cognitive interventions and seem to be stronger than effects of physical exercise in middle [-] aged adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 changes
2 : 18 and
3 functional 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 18 and
5 in 7 systems
6 neural 7 systems
7 systems 8 associated
7 systems 9 with
9 with 11 navigation
10 spatial 11 navigation
12 can 13 be
12 can 18 and
13 be 14 induced
14 induced 15 by
15 by 17 interventions
16 cognitive 17 interventions
18 and 19 seem
18 and 23 than
19 seem 20 to
19 seem 21 be
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 stronger
23 than 24 effects
24 effects 25 of
25 of 27 exercise
26 physical 27 exercise
27 exercise 28 in
28 in 32 adults
29 middle 31 aged
31 aged 32 adults

despite the recent identification of several novel risk genes for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , little is known about their influence on the age [at] onset ( aao ) of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 despite 4 identification
1 despite 17 ,
1 despite 18 little
2 the 4 identification
3 recent 4 identification
4 identification 5 of
4 identification 10 for
5 of 9 genes
6 several 9 genes
7 novel 9 genes
8 risk 9 genes
10 for 13 disease
11 alzheimer 12 's
12 's 13 disease
13 disease 15 ad
14 ( 15 ad
15 ad 16 )
18 little 19 is
19 is 20 known
20 known 21 about
20 known 24 on
21 about 23 influence
22 their 23 influence
24 on 28 onset
25 the 28 onset
26 age 28 onset
28 onset 30 aao
28 onset 32 of
29 ( 30 aao
30 aao 31 )
32 of 33 ad

the aao is a phenotype with a heritable component distinct from disease risk and may be a useful trait to study in the context of developing interventions for delaying the onset of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aao
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 aao
2 aao 14 and
3 is 5 phenotype
3 is 14 and
4 a 5 phenotype
5 phenotype 6 with
5 phenotype 10 distinct
6 with 9 component
7 a 8 heritable
7 a 9 component
8 heritable 9 component
10 distinct 11 from
11 from 13 risk
12 disease 13 risk
14 and 15 may
14 and 20 to
14 and 22 in
14 and 27 interventions
15 may 16 be
16 be 19 trait
17 a 19 trait
18 useful 19 trait
20 to 21 study
22 in 24 context
23 the 24 context
24 context 25 of
25 of 26 developing
27 interventions 28 for
27 interventions 32 of
28 for 29 delaying
29 delaying 31 onset
30 the 31 onset
32 of 33 ad

we studied the influence of 10 recently identified ad risk genes and apoe in relation to aao in a large cohort of ad patients ( n = 2569 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 studied
2 studied 4 influence
2 studied 16 to
2 studied 27 =
3 the 4 influence
4 influence 5 of
5 of 12 and
6 10 11 genes
7 recently 8 identified
8 identified 11 genes
9 ad 11 genes
10 risk 11 genes
11 genes 12 and
12 and 13 apoe
14 in 15 relation
15 relation 16 to
16 to 17 aao
17 aao 18 in
17 aao 22 of
18 in 21 cohort
19 a 20 large
19 a 21 cohort
20 large 21 cohort
22 of 24 patients
23 ad 24 patients
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 2569
27 = 29 )

we find that the novel ad risk gene , picalm , exerts a small effect on the aao of ad with earlier disease onset in risk allele carriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 3 that
3 that 8 gene
3 that 12 exerts
4 the 8 gene
5 novel 8 gene
6 ad 8 gene
7 risk 8 gene
8 gene 10 picalm
8 gene 12 exerts
9 , 10 picalm
10 picalm 11 ,
12 exerts 15 effect
12 exerts 16 on
12 exerts 25 in
13 a 14 small
13 a 15 effect
14 small 15 effect
16 on 24 onset
17 the 24 onset
18 aao 19 of
18 aao 24 onset
19 of 20 ad
20 ad 21 with
21 with 23 disease
22 earlier 23 disease
25 in 28 carriers
26 risk 28 carriers
27 allele 28 carriers

in addition , we confirmed the previously reported association between the apoe ε4 allele and earlier disease onset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 confirmed
5 confirmed 9 association
5 confirmed 10 between
6 the 9 association
7 previously 8 reported
8 reported 9 association
10 between 18 onset
11 the 18 onset
12 apoe 14 allele
13 ε4 14 allele
14 allele 15 and
15 and 16 earlier
15 and 17 disease
17 disease 18 onset

none of the other ad risk genes influenced aao of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 7 genes
2 of 7 genes
3 the 4 other
4 other 7 genes
5 ad 7 genes
6 risk 7 genes
7 genes 8 influenced
8 influenced 9 aao
9 aao 10 of
10 of 11 ad

our results suggest that besides apoe , other genes associated with ad risk do not exert large effects on the aao phenotype of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 9 genes
4 that 16 exert
5 besides 6 apoe
5 besides 7 ,
5 besides 9 genes
8 other 9 genes
9 genes 10 associated
9 genes 14 do
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 risk
12 ad 13 risk
14 do 15 not
14 do 16 exert
16 exert 18 effects
16 exert 19 on
17 large 18 effects
19 on 22 phenotype
20 the 22 phenotype
21 aao 22 phenotype
22 phenotype 23 of
23 of 24 ad

we determined the frequency of c9orf72 repeat expansions in a large cohort of belgian patients with familial ( fals ) [and] sporadic ( sals ) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 determined
2 determined 4 frequency
2 determined 9 in
2 determined 16 with
3 the 4 frequency
4 frequency 5 of
5 of 8 expansions
6 c9orf72 8 expansions
7 repeat 8 expansions
9 in 12 cohort
10 a 11 large
10 a 12 cohort
11 large 12 cohort
12 cohort 13 of
13 of 15 patients
14 belgian 15 patients
16 with 28 sclerosis
17 familial 19 fals
17 familial 28 sclerosis
18 ( 19 fals
19 fals 20 )
22 sporadic 24 sals
22 sporadic 25 )
22 sporadic 28 sclerosis
23 ( 24 sals
24 sals 25 )
26 amyotrophic 28 sclerosis
27 lateral 28 sclerosis
28 sclerosis 30 als
29 ( 30 als
30 als 31 )

in total , 119 patients with fals from 62 kindreds , 471 patients with sals , and 384 control subjects were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 total
2 total 3 ,
2 total 17 and
4 119 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
5 patients 17 and
6 with 7 fals
7 fals 8 from
7 fals 13 patients
8 from 10 kindreds
9 62 10 kindreds
11 , 13 patients
12 471 13 patients
13 patients 14 with
13 patients 16 ,
14 with 15 sals
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 subjects
17 and 21 were
18 384 20 subjects
19 control 20 subjects
21 were 22 included

a c9orf72 repeat expansion was found in 32 of 62 fals pedigrees ( 51.6 % ) , in 45 of 471 patients with sals ( 9.6 % ) , but in none of the control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expansion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 a 4 expansion
2 c9orf72 3 repeat
3 repeat 4 expansion
4 expansion 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 in
6 found 18 in
6 found 30 but
7 in 8 32
8 32 9 of
9 of 12 pedigrees
10 62 12 pedigrees
11 fals 12 pedigrees
12 pedigrees 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 51.6 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 , 18 in
18 in 19 45
18 in 29 ,
19 45 20 of
19 45 27 %
20 of 22 patients
21 471 22 patients
22 patients 23 with
23 with 24 sals
25 ( 27 %
26 9.6 27 %
27 % 28 )
30 but 31 in
31 in 36 subjects
32 none 33 of
32 none 36 subjects
33 of 36 subjects
34 the 36 subjects
35 control 36 subjects

in the sals cohort , there were no significant differences in these disease characteristics between the c9orf72 repeat expansion carriers and the noncarriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 4 cohort
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 there
2 the 4 cohort
3 sals 4 cohort
6 there 7 were
7 were 10 differences
8 no 10 differences
9 significant 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 15 between
11 in 14 characteristics
12 these 14 characteristics
13 disease 14 characteristics
15 between 21 and
16 the 20 carriers
17 c9orf72 18 repeat
18 repeat 20 carriers
19 expansion 20 carriers
20 carriers 21 and
21 and 23 noncarriers
22 the 23 noncarriers

c9orf72 repeat expansions are a frequent cause of als in belgium , and also in sals patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expansions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 c9orf72 3 expansions
2 repeat 3 expansions
3 expansions 4 are
4 are 7 cause
5 a 6 frequent
5 a 7 cause
6 frequent 7 cause
7 cause 8 of
8 of 9 als
9 als 13 and
10 in 11 belgium
10 in 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 also
13 and 15 in
15 in 17 patients
16 sals 17 patients

these results might justify genetic testing of c9orf72 in all als patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 justify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 might
3 might 4 justify
4 justify 6 testing
4 justify 9 in
5 genetic 6 testing
6 testing 7 of
7 of 8 c9orf72
9 in 12 patients
10 all 12 patients
11 als 12 patients

coats plus [is] a rare recessive disorder characterized by intracranial calcifications , hematological abnormalities , and retinal vascular defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 coats 2 plus
1 coats 16 and
2 plus 7 disorder
4 a 5 rare
4 a 7 disorder
5 rare 7 disorder
6 recessive 7 disorder
7 disorder 8 characterized
8 characterized 9 by
9 by 11 calcifications
10 intracranial 11 calcifications
11 calcifications 14 abnormalities
12 , 14 abnormalities
13 hematological 14 abnormalities
14 abnormalities 15 ,
16 and 19 defects
17 retinal 19 defects
18 vascular 19 defects

this disease results from mutations in ctc1 , a member of the ctc1 - stn1 - ten1 [(] [cst] ) complex critical [for] telomere replication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 disease
2 disease 3 results
3 results 4 from
3 results 6 in
4 from 5 mutations
6 in 7 ctc1
7 ctc1 10 member
8 , 10 member
9 a 10 member
10 member 11 of
10 member 14 -
11 of 13 ctc1
12 the 13 ctc1
14 - 25 replication
15 stn1 17 ten1
15 stn1 25 replication
16 - 17 ten1
17 ten1 20 )
21 complex 24 telomere
22 critical 24 telomere
24 telomere 25 replication

telomeres are [specialized] dna/protein structures essential for the maintenance of genome stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 telomeres 2 are
2 are 5 structures
4 dna/protein 5 structures
5 structures 6 essential
6 essential 7 for
7 for 9 maintenance
8 the 9 maintenance
9 maintenance 10 of
10 of 12 stability
11 genome 12 stability

several patients with coats plus display critically shortened telomeres , suggesting that telomere dysfunction plays an important role in disease pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shortened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 several 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 8 shortened
3 with 6 display
4 coats 6 display
5 plus 6 display
7 critically 8 shortened
8 shortened 9 telomeres
10 , 11 suggesting
10 , 15 plays
11 suggesting 14 dysfunction
11 suggesting 15 plays
12 that 13 telomere
13 telomere 14 dysfunction
15 plays 18 role
16 an 18 role
17 important 18 role
18 role 19 in
19 in 21 pathogenesis
20 disease 21 pathogenesis

these patients inherit ctc1 mutations in a compound heterozygous manner , with one allele encoding a frameshift mutant and the other a missense mutant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inherit
1 these 2 patients
2 patients 3 inherit
3 inherit 5 mutations
3 inherit 6 in
3 inherit 12 with
4 ctc1 5 mutations
6 in 10 manner
7 a 8 compound
7 a 10 manner
8 compound 10 manner
9 heterozygous 10 manner
11 , 12 with
12 with 19 and
12 with 24 mutant
12 with 25 .
13 one 14 allele
14 allele 15 encoding
14 allele 19 and
15 encoding 18 mutant
16 a 18 mutant
17 frameshift 18 mutant
19 and 21 other
20 the 21 other
22 a 23 missense
22 a 24 mutant
23 missense 24 mutant

how these mutations [impact] upon telomere function is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 how 3 mutations
1 how 7 function
1 how 8 is
2 these 3 mutations
3 mutations 5 upon
3 mutations 7 function
5 upon 6 telomere
8 is 9 unknown

we report here the first biochemical characterization of human ctc1 mutations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 here
2 report 7 characterization
4 the 5 first
4 the 7 characterization
6 biochemical 7 characterization
7 characterization 8 of
8 of 11 mutations
9 human 11 mutations
10 ctc1 11 mutations

we found that all ctc1 frameshift mutations generated truncated or unstable protein products , none of which were able to form a complex with stn1 - ten1 on telomeres , resulting in progressive telomere shortening and formation of fused chromosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 14 ,
2 found 3 that
2 found 10 or
2 found 14 ,
4 all 7 mutations
5 ctc1 6 frameshift
6 frameshift 7 mutations
7 mutations 8 generated
7 mutations 9 truncated
7 mutations 10 or
10 or 13 products
11 unstable 12 protein
12 protein 13 products
14 , 21 form
14 , 24 with
15 none 16 of
15 none 18 were
16 of 17 which
18 were 19 able
19 able 20 to
20 to 21 form
21 form 23 complex
22 a 23 complex
24 with 25 stn1
24 with 31 resulting
25 stn1 27 ten1
26 - 27 ten1
27 ten1 28 on
27 ten1 30 ,
28 on 29 telomeres
31 resulting 32 in
32 in 36 and
33 progressive 35 shortening
34 telomere 35 shortening
35 shortening 36 and
36 and 37 formation
36 and 38 of
38 of 40 chromosomes
39 fused 40 chromosomes

missense mutations are able to form the [cst] complex at telomeres , but their expression levels are often repressed by the frameshift mutants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 missense 2 mutations
2 mutations 3 are
3 are 4 able
4 able 5 to
4 able 6 form
5 to 6 form
6 form 9 complex
7 the 9 complex
9 complex 10 at
10 at 11 telomeres
12 , 13 but
13 but 16 levels
13 but 17 are
14 their 16 levels
15 expression 16 levels
16 levels 17 are
17 are 18 often
17 are 19 repressed
19 repressed 20 by
20 by 23 mutants
21 the 23 mutants
22 frameshift 23 mutants

our results also demonstrate for the first time that ctc1 mutations promote telomere dysfunction by decreasing the stability of stn1 to reduce its ability to interact with dna polα , thus highlighting a previously unknown mechanism to induce telomere dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
1 our 2 results
2 results 4 demonstrate
3 also 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 for
4 demonstrate 8 time
4 demonstrate 15 by
4 demonstrate 21 to
5 for 7 first
6 the 7 first
8 time 9 that
9 that 11 mutations
9 that 12 promote
10 ctc1 11 mutations
11 mutations 12 promote
12 promote 14 dysfunction
13 telomere 14 dysfunction
15 by 16 decreasing
16 decreasing 18 stability
17 the 18 stability
18 stability 19 of
19 of 20 stn1
21 to 22 reduce
22 reduce 24 ability
22 reduce 25 to
23 its 24 ability
25 to 26 interact
26 interact 27 with
26 interact 32 highlighting
27 with 29 polα
28 dna 29 polα
30 , 32 highlighting
31 thus 32 highlighting
32 highlighting 36 mechanism
32 highlighting 37 to
32 highlighting 41 .
33 a 34 previously
33 a 36 mechanism
34 previously 35 unknown
35 unknown 36 mechanism
37 to 38 induce
38 induce 40 dysfunction
39 telomere 40 dysfunction

the objective is to test the effectiveness of partners in dementia care ( pdc ) , a care - coordination program that integrates and improves access [to] medical and nonmedical services , while strengthening the informal care network and providing information , coaching , and emotional support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 is
3 is 4 to
3 is 5 test
4 to 5 test
5 test 7 effectiveness
5 test 10 in
6 the 7 effectiveness
7 effectiveness 8 of
8 of 9 partners
10 in 14 pdc
11 dementia 12 care
12 care 14 pdc
13 ( 14 pdc
14 pdc 15 )
16 , 18 care
16 , 19 -
17 a 18 care
19 - 45 and
20 coordination 21 program
21 program 31 services
22 that 24 and
22 that 29 and
23 integrates 24 and
24 and 25 improves
24 and 26 access
26 access 28 medical
29 and 30 nonmedical
29 and 31 services
31 services 43 coaching
31 services 45 and
32 , 33 while
33 while 34 strengthening
33 while 42 ,
33 while 43 coaching
34 strengthening 39 and
35 the 38 network
36 informal 37 care
37 care 38 network
38 network 39 and
39 and 41 information
39 and 42 ,
40 providing 41 information
44 , 45 and
45 and 47 support
46 emotional 47 support

pdc was delivered via a partnership between veterans affairs ( va ) medical centers ( vamcs ) and alzheimer 's association chapters , for caregivers of veterans with dementia living in the community and receiving primary care from the va . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pdc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 delivered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 pdc 2 was
2 was 3 delivered
3 delivered 4 via
3 delivered 38 from
4 via 18 and
5 a 6 partnership
6 partnership 7 between
6 partnership 18 and
7 between 14 centers
8 veterans 9 affairs
9 affairs 11 va
10 ( 11 va
11 va 12 )
11 va 13 medical
13 medical 14 centers
14 centers 16 vamcs
15 ( 16 vamcs
16 vamcs 17 )
18 and 22 chapters
18 and 23 ,
18 and 24 for
18 and 26 of
18 and 30 living
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 22 chapters
21 association 22 chapters
24 for 25 caregivers
26 of 27 veterans
27 veterans 28 with
28 with 29 dementia
30 living 31 in
31 in 34 and
32 the 33 community
33 community 34 and
34 and 37 care
35 receiving 37 care
36 primary 37 care
38 from 40 va
39 the 40 va

the initial sample was 486 caregivers of 508 veterans with diagnosed dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 sample
2 initial 3 sample
3 sample 4 was
4 was 6 caregivers
5 486 6 caregivers
6 caregivers 7 of
7 of 9 veterans
8 508 9 veterans
9 veterans 10 with
10 with 12 dementia
11 diagnosed 12 dementia

outcomes were evaluated for 394 and 324 caregivers who completed 6 - and 12 - [month] follow - up , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 outcomes 2 were
2 were 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 4 for
4 for 8 caregivers
5 394 6 and
6 and 7 324
6 and 8 caregivers
8 caregivers 9 who
8 caregivers 10 completed
9 who 10 completed
10 completed 11 6
12 - 13 and
13 and 14 12
13 and 15 -
14 12 15 -
15 - 17 follow
17 follow 19 up
17 follow 21 respectively
18 - 19 up
19 up 20 ,

pdc had a standardized protocol that included assessment and reassessment , action planning , and ongoing monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pdc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 monitoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 pdc 2 had
2 had 5 protocol
3 a 5 protocol
4 standardized 5 protocol
5 protocol 6 that
5 protocol 17 monitoring
6 that 7 included
7 included 15 and
8 assessment 9 and
9 and 10 reassessment
9 and 12 action
9 and 15 and
11 , 12 action
12 action 13 planning
12 action 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 ongoing
15 and 17 monitoring

it was delivered by telephone and [e] - mail for cost efficiency and the ability to handle caseloads of 100 to 125 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 delivered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 delivered
3 delivered 5 telephone
4 by 5 telephone
6 and 8 -
6 and 17 handle
8 - 9 mail
9 mail 10 for
9 mail 13 and
9 mail 16 to
10 for 11 cost
12 efficiency 13 and
13 and 15 ability
14 the 15 ability
16 to 17 handle
17 handle 18 caseloads
18 caseloads 19 of
19 of 21 to
20 100 21 to
21 to 22 125

care coordinators from vamcs and alzheimer 's association chapters worked as a team using a shared computerized record . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 coordinators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 worked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 care 2 coordinators
2 coordinators 3 from
2 coordinators 10 worked
3 from 5 and
4 vamcs 5 and
5 and 9 chapters
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 9 chapters
8 association 9 chapters
10 worked 11 as
11 as 13 team
12 a 13 team
13 team 14 using
14 using 18 record
15 a 18 record
16 shared 18 record
17 computerized 18 record

a variety of caregiver outcomes was measured after 6 and 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 variety
2 variety 3 of
2 variety 6 was
3 of 5 outcomes
4 caregiver 5 outcomes
6 was 7 measured
7 measured 8 after
8 after 12 months
9 6 10 and
10 and 11 12
10 and 12 months

intervention group caregivers had significant improvements in outcomes representing unmet needs , three types of caregiver strains , depression , and two support resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 intervention 3 caregivers
2 group 3 caregivers
3 caregivers 4 had
4 had 6 improvements
4 had 7 in
5 significant 6 improvements
7 in 21 and
8 outcomes 9 representing
8 outcomes 21 and
9 representing 11 needs
10 unmet 11 needs
11 needs 17 strains
12 , 17 strains
13 three 14 types
14 types 15 of
14 types 17 strains
15 of 17 strains
16 caregiver 17 strains
17 strains 19 depression
17 strains 20 ,
18 , 19 depression
19 depression 20 ,
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 resources
22 two 23 support
23 support 24 resources

most improvements were evident after 6 months , with more - limited improvements from months 6 to 12 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 most 2 improvements
2 improvements 3 were
3 were 4 evident
4 evident 5 after
5 after 7 months
5 after 12 limited
6 6 7 months
7 months 9 with
7 months 12 limited
8 , 9 with
9 with 10 more
9 with 11 -
12 limited 13 improvements
13 improvements 14 from
14 from 15 months
15 months 17 to
16 6 17 to
17 to 18 12

some outcomes improved for all caregivers , whereas some improved for caregivers experiencing more initial difficulties or caring for veterans with more - severe impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improved
1 some 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 improved
3 improved 4 for
3 improved 8 whereas
4 for 6 caregivers
5 all 6 caregivers
7 , 8 whereas
8 whereas 9 some
8 whereas 15 initial
8 whereas 26 .
9 some 10 improved
9 some 13 experiencing
9 some 15 initial
10 improved 11 for
11 for 12 caregivers
13 experiencing 14 more
15 initial 17 or
15 initial 19 for
16 difficulties 17 or
17 or 18 caring
19 for 20 veterans
20 veterans 21 with
20 veterans 25 impairments
21 with 22 more
23 - 25 impairments
24 severe 25 impairments
25 impairments 26 .

pdc is a promising model that improves linkages between healthcare services and community services , which is a goal of several new national initiatives such as the national plan to address alzheimer 's disease and a proposed amendment to the older americans act . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pdc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 pdc 2 is
2 is 5 model
2 is 16 which
2 is 39 to
3 a 4 promising
3 a 5 model
4 promising 5 model
5 model 6 that
5 model 7 improves
6 that 7 improves
7 improves 8 linkages
7 improves 9 between
9 between 12 and
10 healthcare 11 services
11 services 12 and
12 and 14 services
12 and 15 ,
13 community 14 services
16 which 17 is
17 is 19 goal
18 a 19 goal
19 goal 20 of
20 of 24 initiatives
21 several 24 initiatives
22 new 23 national
23 national 24 initiatives
24 initiatives 26 as
25 such 26 as
26 as 29 plan
27 the 29 plan
28 national 29 plan
29 plan 30 to
30 to 35 and
31 address 32 alzheimer
32 alzheimer 33 's
33 's 34 disease
34 disease 35 and
35 and 38 amendment
36 a 38 amendment
37 proposed 38 amendment
39 to 43 act
40 the 42 americans
41 older 42 americans
42 americans 43 act

objectives : the aim was to describe the existential life situations of spouses who care for persons with dementia , [before] and after relocation to nursing homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 5 was
2 : 28 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 was
5 was 6 to
5 was 16 for
5 was 22 and
5 was 25 to
6 to 7 describe
7 describe 11 situations
8 the 11 situations
9 existential 10 life
10 life 11 situations
11 situations 12 of
12 of 13 spouses
13 spouses 14 who
13 spouses 15 care
14 who 15 care
16 for 17 persons
18 with 19 dementia
18 with 22 and
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 after
23 after 24 relocation
25 to 26 nursing
26 nursing 27 homes

method : this was a qualitative study among 11 spouses of persons with dementia , recruited via purposeful sampling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 15 ,
2 : 20 .
3 this 15 ,
4 was 7 study
4 was 15 ,
5 a 6 qualitative
5 a 7 study
6 qualitative 7 study
7 study 8 among
8 among 10 spouses
9 11 10 spouses
10 spouses 11 of
11 of 12 persons
12 persons 13 with
13 with 14 dementia
15 , 16 recruited
15 , 17 via
17 via 19 sampling
18 purposeful 19 sampling

data were collected through interviews and analysed with interpretive content analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 collected
3 collected 4 through
3 collected 8 with
4 through 6 and
5 interviews 6 and
6 and 7 analysed
8 with 11 analysis
9 interpretive 11 analysis
10 content 11 analysis

results : before the relocation to nursing homes , the spouses ' existential life situations were characterized by feelings of shame and guilt , being isolated in the home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 before
2 : 6 to
3 before 5 relocation
4 the 5 relocation
6 to 7 nursing
7 nursing 8 homes
9 , 15 situations
9 , 17 characterized
10 the 11 spouses
11 spouses 12 '
12 ' 15 situations
13 existential 14 life
14 life 15 situations
15 situations 16 were
16 were 17 characterized
17 characterized 18 by
18 by 19 feelings
19 feelings 20 of
19 feelings 25 being
20 of 22 and
21 shame 22 and
22 and 23 guilt
24 , 25 being
25 being 26 isolated
25 being 30 .
26 isolated 27 in
27 in 29 home
28 the 29 home

spouses were also exposed to psychological threats , physical violence , and had feelings of placing one 's own needs last . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 spouses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 spouses 12 and
2 were 4 exposed
2 were 12 and
3 also 4 exposed
4 exposed 5 to
5 to 7 threats
6 psychological 7 threats
7 threats 10 violence
8 , 10 violence
9 physical 10 violence
10 violence 11 ,
12 and 13 had
13 had 14 feelings
13 had 21 last
14 feelings 15 of
15 of 16 placing
16 placing 20 needs
17 one 18 's
18 's 19 own
18 's 20 needs

after the relocation , spouses described feelings of guilt and freedom , living with grief and thoughts of death , feelings of loneliness in the spousal relationship , and striving for acceptance despite a lack of completion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 spouses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 after 3 relocation
1 after 4 ,
1 after 5 spouses
2 the 3 relocation
5 spouses 6 described
6 described 7 feelings
7 feelings 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 guilt 10 and
10 and 11 freedom
10 and 12 ,
10 and 13 living
13 living 14 with
13 living 33 despite
14 with 29 and
15 grief 16 and
16 and 17 thoughts
16 and 18 of
16 and 21 feelings
16 and 29 and
18 of 19 death
20 , 21 feelings
21 feelings 22 of
21 feelings 28 ,
22 of 23 loneliness
23 loneliness 24 in
24 in 27 relationship
25 the 27 relationship
26 spousal 27 relationship
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 striving
29 and 31 for
31 for 32 acceptance
33 despite 35 lack
34 a 35 lack
35 lack 36 of
36 of 37 completion

conclusion : the existential life situation of spouses of persons with dementia is about being in limit situations which changes when the ill person relocates to a nursing home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 situation
2 : 13 is
2 : 30 .
3 the 6 situation
4 existential 5 life
5 life 6 situation
6 situation 7 of
6 situation 13 is
7 of 8 spouses
8 spouses 9 of
8 spouses 11 with
9 of 10 persons
11 with 12 dementia
13 is 14 about
14 about 15 being
15 being 16 in
15 being 19 which
15 being 20 changes
16 in 18 situations
17 limit 18 situations
19 which 20 changes
20 changes 21 when
21 when 24 person
21 when 25 relocates
22 the 24 person
23 ill 24 person
24 person 25 relocates
25 relocates 26 to
26 to 29 home
27 a 28 nursing
27 a 29 home
28 nursing 29 home

this is important knowledge for health care staff to bear in mind at nursing homes when encountering spouses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 knowledge
3 important 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 5 for
4 knowledge 9 to
4 knowledge 10 bear
5 for 8 staff
6 health 8 staff
7 care 8 staff
9 to 10 bear
10 bear 11 in
10 bear 13 at
11 in 12 mind
13 at 14 nursing
14 nursing 15 homes
14 nursing 16 when
16 when 17 encountering
17 encountering 18 spouses

objectives : to explore the practice patterns of general practitioners ( gps ) for the diagnosis , disclosure and pharmacological management of individuals with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 7 patterns
4 explore 14 for
4 explore 24 with
5 the 7 patterns
6 practice 7 patterns
7 patterns 8 of
8 of 10 practitioners
9 general 10 practitioners
10 practitioners 12 gps
11 ( 12 gps
12 gps 13 )
14 for 19 and
15 the 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 ,
17 , 18 disclosure
17 , 19 and
19 and 21 management
19 and 22 of
20 pharmacological 21 management
22 of 23 individuals
24 with 25 dementia

we also investigated whether the number of years working in general practice is a determinant factor associated with the responses obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 3 investigated
2 also 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
3 investigated 18 with
4 whether 6 number
4 whether 16 factor
5 the 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 16 factor
7 of 8 years
8 years 9 working
8 years 12 practice
8 years 13 is
9 working 10 in
11 general 12 practice
12 practice 13 is
13 is 15 determinant
14 a 15 determinant
16 factor 17 associated
18 with 20 responses
19 the 20 responses
20 responses 21 obtained

method : a national survey was sent to all registered gps in the maltese islands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 survey
2 : 7 sent
2 : 16 .
3 a 4 national
3 a 5 survey
4 national 5 survey
5 survey 6 was
6 was 7 sent
7 sent 8 to
7 sent 12 in
8 to 11 gps
9 all 11 gps
10 registered 11 gps
12 in 15 islands
13 the 15 islands
14 maltese 15 islands

the return rate was 54.2 % with the majority of respondents having 15 years or more working experience in general practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 rate
2 return 3 rate
3 rate 4 was
4 was 6 %
5 54.2 6 %
6 % 7 with
6 % 10 of
7 with 9 majority
8 the 9 majority
10 of 11 respondents
11 respondents 12 having
12 having 18 experience
13 15 14 years
14 years 15 or
15 or 16 more
15 or 18 experience
17 working 18 experience
18 experience 19 in
19 in 21 practice
20 general 21 practice

chi - square analysis of variance was used to determine any relationship effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 chi 2 -
1 chi 4 analysis
3 square 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
4 analysis 7 was
5 of 6 variance
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 13 effects
11 any 13 effects
12 relationship 13 effects

results : although the majority of gps indicated lack of competence in diagnosing dementia , only a small percentage showed a preference towards specialist referral . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 16 only
2 : 20 showed
3 although 9 lack
3 although 15 ,
3 although 16 only
4 the 5 majority
5 majority 6 of
5 majority 9 lack
6 of 9 lack
7 gps 8 indicated
8 indicated 9 lack
9 lack 10 of
10 of 11 competence
11 competence 12 in
12 in 13 diagnosing
13 diagnosing 14 dementia
16 only 19 percentage
17 a 18 small
17 a 19 percentage
18 small 19 percentage
19 percentage 20 showed
20 showed 22 preference
20 showed 23 towards
21 a 22 preference
23 towards 25 referral
24 specialist 25 referral

lack of training was mostly envisaged by physicians with the [least] number of years in general practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 envisaged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 lack 2 of
1 lack 4 was
2 of 3 training
4 was 6 envisaged
5 mostly 6 envisaged
6 envisaged 7 by
6 envisaged 9 with
6 envisaged 15 in
7 by 8 physicians
9 with 12 number
10 the 12 number
12 number 13 of
13 of 14 years
15 in 17 practice
16 general 17 practice

significant differences in pharmacotherapeutic prescribing were noted depending on the stage of disease progression and the number of years working as a gp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 significant 2 differences
1 significant 6 were
1 significant 7 noted
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 6 were
3 in 5 prescribing
4 pharmacotherapeutic 5 prescribing
7 noted 8 depending
8 depending 9 on
9 on 15 and
10 the 11 stage
11 stage 12 of
11 stage 15 and
12 of 14 progression
13 disease 14 progression
15 and 17 number
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 number
18 of 19 years
19 years 20 working
20 working 21 as
21 as 23 gp
22 a 23 gp

disease disclosure was not routinely carried out even though gps were aware of the fact that disclosure may help individuals with dementia and their caregivers or relatives with future planning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 disease 2 disclosure
1 disease 3 was
1 disease 6 carried
2 disclosure 3 was
3 was 4 not
4 not 5 routinely
6 carried 7 out
7 out 8 even
7 out 21 with
7 out 28 with
8 even 9 though
9 though 10 gps
9 though 11 were
10 gps 11 were
11 were 12 aware
12 aware 13 of
13 of 15 fact
14 the 15 fact
15 fact 16 that
16 that 17 disclosure
16 that 19 help
17 disclosure 18 may
18 may 19 help
19 help 20 individuals
21 with 26 or
22 dementia 23 and
23 and 25 caregivers
23 and 26 or
24 their 25 caregivers
26 or 27 relatives
28 with 30 planning
29 future 30 planning

conclusion : the findings show notable shortcomings in various aspects of dementia management by gps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 show
2 : 16 .
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 show
5 show 7 shortcomings
5 show 8 in
5 show 14 by
6 notable 7 shortcomings
8 in 10 aspects
9 various 10 aspects
10 aspects 11 of
11 of 13 management
12 dementia 13 management
14 by 15 gps

this highlights the need of providing continued educational support and training opportunities to enhance not only gps ' clinical competence , but also their role as key players in providing quality support to individuals with dementia in the primary care setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 this 2 highlights
2 highlights 10 and
2 highlights 13 to
2 highlights 26 as
2 highlights 29 in
3 the 10 and
4 need 5 of
4 need 10 and
5 of 6 providing
6 providing 9 support
7 continued 9 support
8 educational 9 support
10 and 12 opportunities
11 training 12 opportunities
13 to 14 enhance
14 enhance 23 also
15 not 16 only
16 only 23 also
17 gps 18 '
18 ' 20 competence
19 clinical 20 competence
20 competence 23 also
21 , 23 also
22 but 23 also
23 also 25 role
24 their 25 role
26 as 28 players
27 key 28 players
29 in 30 providing
30 providing 32 support
30 providing 33 to
30 providing 35 with
30 providing 37 in
31 quality 32 support
33 to 34 individuals
35 with 36 dementia
37 in 41 setting
38 the 41 setting
39 primary 40 care
40 care 41 setting

objectives : to describe the development of a scale assessing participant attitudes regarding two commonly encountered trade - offs : quality versus quantity [of] life and present versus future health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
2 : 20 :
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 6 development
5 the 6 development
6 development 7 of
6 development 10 assessing
7 of 9 scale
8 a 9 scale
10 assessing 12 attitudes
10 assessing 16 encountered
11 participant 12 attitudes
12 attitudes 13 regarding
12 attitudes 16 encountered
13 regarding 14 two
15 commonly 16 encountered
16 encountered 17 trade
17 trade 19 offs
18 - 19 offs
19 offs 20 :
20 : 26 and
20 : 31 .
21 quality 22 versus
21 quality 26 and
22 versus 25 life
23 quantity 25 life
26 and 27 present
26 and 28 versus
28 versus 30 health
29 future 30 health

design : observational cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 observational 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study

setting : community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 community

participants : three hundred and fifty - seven community [-] dwelling adults aged 65 and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 6 fifty
2 : 15 and
3 three 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 fifty
7 - 8 seven
8 seven 12 adults
9 community 12 adults
11 dwelling 12 adults
12 adults 13 aged
12 adults 15 and
13 aged 14 65
15 and 16 older

measurements : an initial set of 20 items rated on a 5 [-] point likert scale of agreement was reduced using principal components analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 initial
2 : 20 reduced
2 : 25 .
3 an 4 initial
4 initial 5 set
4 initial 6 of
4 initial 9 rated
4 initial 19 was
6 of 8 items
7 20 8 items
9 rated 10 on
10 on 16 scale
11 a 16 scale
12 5 14 point
14 point 16 scale
15 likert 16 scale
16 scale 17 of
17 of 18 agreement
19 was 20 reduced
20 reduced 21 using
21 using 24 analysis
22 principal 24 analysis
23 components 24 analysis

construct validity was evaluated through comparison of the scale with other tools addressing the same trade - offs and analysis of participant characteristics associated with attitudes favoring quality over quantity [of] life and present over future health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
1 construct 2 validity
2 validity 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 through
5 through 6 comparison
6 comparison 7 of
6 comparison 10 with
6 comparison 19 and
7 of 9 scale
8 the 9 scale
10 with 12 tools
11 other 12 tools
12 tools 13 addressing
13 addressing 16 trade
14 the 15 same
14 the 16 trade
17 - 19 and
18 offs 19 and
19 and 20 analysis
19 and 27 favoring
19 and 38 .
20 analysis 21 of
20 analysis 24 associated
21 of 23 characteristics
22 participant 23 characteristics
24 associated 25 with
25 with 26 attitudes
27 favoring 28 quality
27 favoring 29 over
29 over 33 and
30 quantity 32 life
32 life 33 and
33 and 34 present
33 and 35 over
35 over 37 health
36 future 37 health

internal consistency was assessed using cronbach alpha . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consistency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 internal 2 consistency
2 consistency 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 7 alpha
6 cronbach 7 alpha

test - [retest] reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients ( iccs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reliability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 test 2 -
1 test 4 reliability
4 reliability 5 was
5 was 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 using
7 using 10 coefficients
8 intraclass 10 coefficients
9 correlation 10 coefficients
10 coefficients 12 iccs
11 ( 12 iccs
12 iccs 13 )

results : the scale consists of two subscales , each addressing one trade - [off] , with a total of 10 items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 scale
2 : 5 consists
3 the 4 scale
4 scale 5 consists
5 consists 6 of
6 of 8 subscales
7 two 8 subscales
8 subscales 11 addressing
8 subscales 17 with
9 , 11 addressing
10 each 11 addressing
11 addressing 13 trade
11 addressing 14 -
12 one 13 trade
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 total
17 with 23 .
18 a 19 total
19 total 20 of
20 of 22 items
21 10 22 items

all factor loadings were 0.5 and greater , [and] subscale scores were significantly different [(] [p] ≤ . 05 [ )(in [the] expected directions when comparing with other tools and with participant race , education , and religious identity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loadings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 all 3 loadings
2 factor 3 loadings
3 loadings 4 were
4 were 5 0.5
6 and 11 scores
6 and 12 were
7 greater 8 ,
7 greater 10 subscale
10 subscale 11 scores
11 scores 12 were
12 were 13 significantly
12 were 17 ≤
14 different 17 ≤
18 . 21 )(in
18 . 23 expected
18 . 34 ,
18 . 40 .
19 05 21 )(in
21 )(in 23 expected
23 expected 24 directions
23 expected 25 when
25 when 26 comparing
26 comparing 30 and
27 with 29 tools
27 with 30 and
28 other 29 tools
30 and 31 with
31 with 33 race
32 participant 33 race
34 , 37 and
35 education 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 identity
38 religious 39 identity

internal consistency was good ( cronbach α 0.85 and 0.84 [ )(, and test - [retest] reliability [was] [fair] ( iccs 0.63 and 0.47 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consistency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 internal 2 consistency
2 consistency 3 was
3 was 17 reliability
4 good 13 and
4 good 15 -
4 good 17 reliability
5 ( 13 and
6 cronbach 7 α
7 α 9 and
7 α 13 and
8 0.85 9 and
9 and 10 0.84
12 )(, 13 and
13 and 14 test
13 and 15 -
17 reliability 21 iccs
20 ( 21 iccs
21 iccs 23 and
21 iccs 25 )
22 0.63 23 and
23 and 24 0.47

subscale score medians fell near the middle of each scale , with narrow interquartile ranges , but more than 15 % of the sample scored at an extreme of each subscale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 medians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 subscale 3 medians
2 score 3 medians
3 medians 4 fell
4 fell 5 near
4 fell 12 with
5 near 7 middle
6 the 7 middle
7 middle 8 of
8 of 10 scale
9 each 10 scale
11 , 12 with
12 with 15 ranges
12 with 16 ,
13 narrow 15 ranges
14 interquartile 15 ranges
17 but 21 %
17 but 31 subscale
18 more 19 than
19 than 20 15
20 15 21 %
21 % 22 of
21 % 25 scored
21 % 31 subscale
22 of 24 sample
23 the 24 sample
25 scored 26 at
26 at 28 extreme
27 an 28 extreme
28 extreme 29 of
29 of 30 each

conclusion : this new scale captures views on two common trade - offs in health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 scale
2 : 6 captures
2 : 12 -
3 this 5 scale
4 new 5 scale
5 scale 6 captures
6 captures 7 views
6 captures 8 on
8 on 11 trade
9 two 11 trade
10 common 11 trade
12 - 13 offs
12 - 16 care
12 - 17 .
13 offs 14 in
13 offs 16 care
14 in 15 health

although test [-] [retest] reliability was modest , its high validity suggests that this tool can be used to familiarize people with common trade - offs and further explore influences on attitudes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 validity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 although 5 reliability
1 although 6 was
1 although 8 ,
1 although 11 validity
2 test 5 reliability
5 reliability 6 was
6 was 7 modest
9 its 11 validity
10 high 11 validity
11 validity 12 suggests
12 suggests 13 that
13 that 15 tool
13 that 18 used
14 this 15 tool
15 tool 16 can
16 can 17 be
17 be 18 used
18 used 19 to
18 used 20 familiarize
19 to 20 familiarize
20 familiarize 21 people
20 familiarize 22 with
22 with 24 trade
23 common 24 trade
25 - 27 and
26 offs 27 and
27 and 29 explore
28 further 29 explore
29 explore 30 influences
30 influences 31 on
31 on 32 attitudes

objectives : this is the first known study that sought to understand the experience of [an] eight - week art - gallery - based intervention offered at two distinctly different galleries for people with mild to moderate dementia and their carers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 12 understand
2 : 21 -
2 : 23 -
3 this 4 is
4 is 8 study
5 the 6 first
5 the 8 study
7 known 8 study
8 study 9 that
8 study 12 understand
9 that 10 sought
10 sought 11 to
10 sought 12 understand
11 to 12 understand
12 understand 14 experience
13 the 14 experience
14 experience 15 of
15 of 17 eight
17 eight 20 art
18 - 20 art
19 week 20 art
20 art 21 -
21 - 22 gallery
23 - 25 intervention
23 - 26 offered
24 based 25 intervention
25 intervention 26 offered
26 offered 27 at
26 offered 29 distinctly
26 offered 31 galleries
27 at 28 two
30 different 31 galleries
31 galleries 32 for
31 galleries 34 with
32 for 33 people
34 with 39 and
35 mild 36 to
35 mild 39 and
36 to 38 dementia
37 moderate 38 dementia
39 and 41 carers
40 their 41 carers

the study examined impact on social inclusion , carer burden , and quality of life and daily living activities for a person with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 carer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 4 impact
3 examined 5 on
5 on 7 inclusion
6 social 7 inclusion
8 , 9 carer
9 carer 16 and
9 carer 20 for
9 carer 23 with
10 burden 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 quality
12 and 14 of
12 and 16 and
14 of 15 life
16 and 17 daily
16 and 19 activities
18 living 19 activities
20 for 22 person
21 a 22 person
23 with 24 dementia

method : [a] mixed - methods pre - post design using standardised questionnaires and interviews involved 24 participants ( 12 with dementia ) and compared similar interventions at a traditional and a contemporary art gallery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 6 methods
2 : 7 pre
2 : 8 -
2 : 14 and
4 mixed 5 -
4 mixed 6 methods
6 methods 7 pre
8 - 9 post
9 post 10 design
9 post 11 using
11 using 13 questionnaires
12 standardised 13 questionnaires
14 and 15 interviews
14 and 24 and
15 interviews 24 and
16 involved 18 participants
16 involved 24 and
17 24 18 participants
18 participants 20 12
19 ( 20 12
20 12 21 with
20 12 23 )
21 with 22 dementia
24 and 25 compared
25 compared 27 interventions
25 compared 28 at
26 similar 27 interventions
28 at 35 gallery
29 a 35 gallery
30 traditional 31 and
31 and 33 contemporary
31 and 35 gallery
32 a 33 contemporary
34 art 35 gallery

qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 qualitative 2 data
2 data 3 was
3 was 4 analysed
4 analysed 5 using
5 using 7 analysis
6 thematic 7 analysis

results : no significant pre - post difference was found between the traditional or contemporary gallery groups on quantitative measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 8 difference
2 : 10 found
3 no 8 difference
4 significant 7 post
5 pre 6 -
5 pre 7 post
7 post 8 difference
8 difference 9 was
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 between
10 found 18 on
11 between 17 groups
12 the 17 groups
13 traditional 14 or
14 or 15 contemporary
14 or 16 gallery
16 gallery 17 groups
18 on 20 measures
19 quantitative 20 measures

there was , however , a [non] [-] significant trend towards a reduction in carer burden over the course of the intervention for both gallery groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 however
2 was 10 trend
2 was 11 towards
2 was 14 in
2 was 17 over
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
6 a 10 trend
9 significant 10 trend
11 towards 13 reduction
12 a 13 reduction
14 in 16 burden
15 carer 16 burden
17 over 19 course
18 the 19 course
19 course 20 of
20 of 22 intervention
21 the 22 intervention
22 intervention 23 for
23 for 26 groups
24 both 26 groups
25 gallery 26 groups

thematic analysis revealed well - being benefits from both traditional and contemporary art gallery sites that included positive social impact resulting from feeling more socially included , self - reports of enhanced cognitive capacities for people with dementia , and an improved quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thematic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 well
3 revealed 5 -
5 - 6 being
5 - 15 sites
5 - 27 ,
5 - 46 .
6 being 7 benefits
6 being 8 from
6 being 15 sites
8 from 11 and
9 both 11 and
10 traditional 11 and
11 and 14 gallery
12 contemporary 14 gallery
13 art 14 gallery
15 sites 20 impact
16 that 17 included
17 included 19 social
18 positive 19 social
19 social 20 impact
20 impact 21 resulting
20 impact 22 from
20 impact 26 included
22 from 23 feeling
23 feeling 24 more
23 feeling 26 included
24 more 26 included
25 socially 26 included
26 included 27 ,
27 , 28 self
27 , 29 -
29 - 40 and
30 reports 31 of
30 reports 37 with
30 reports 40 and
31 of 34 capacities
32 enhanced 34 capacities
33 cognitive 34 capacities
34 capacities 35 for
35 for 36 people
37 with 38 dementia
39 , 40 and
40 and 43 quality
41 an 43 quality
42 improved 43 quality
43 quality 44 of
44 of 45 life

conclusion : participants were unanimous in their enjoyment and satisfaction with the programme , despite the lack of significance from standardised measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 were
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 unanimous
5 unanimous 6 in
5 unanimous 11 with
5 unanimous 15 despite
6 in 9 and
7 their 8 enjoyment
8 enjoyment 9 and
9 and 10 satisfaction
11 with 13 programme
12 the 13 programme
14 , 15 despite
15 despite 17 lack
15 despite 23 .
16 the 17 lack
17 lack 18 of
18 of 19 significance
19 significance 20 from
20 from 22 measures
21 standardised 22 measures

further consideration of art galleries and museums , as [non] [-] clinical community resources for dementia care , is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consideration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 further 2 consideration
2 consideration 3 of
2 consideration 19 is
3 of 6 and
4 art 5 galleries
5 galleries 6 and
6 and 7 museums
6 and 9 as
8 , 9 as
9 as 14 resources
9 as 18 ,
12 clinical 13 community
13 community 14 resources
14 resources 15 for
15 for 17 care
16 dementia 17 care
19 is 20 warranted

the interventions at both galleries helped to foster social inclusion and social engagement , enhance the caring relationship between the carers and pwd , support the personhood of pwd , and stimulate cognitive processes of attention and concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 interventions
2 interventions 3 at
2 interventions 37 and
3 at 5 galleries
4 both 5 galleries
5 galleries 6 helped
6 helped 7 to
6 helped 14 ,
7 to 14 ,
8 foster 11 and
8 foster 14 ,
9 social 10 inclusion
10 inclusion 11 and
11 and 13 engagement
12 social 13 engagement
14 , 24 ,
15 enhance 18 relationship
15 enhance 19 between
15 enhance 24 ,
16 the 18 relationship
17 caring 18 relationship
19 between 22 and
20 the 21 carers
21 carers 22 and
22 and 23 pwd
24 , 31 and
25 support 27 personhood
25 support 31 and
26 the 27 personhood
27 personhood 28 of
28 of 29 pwd
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 stimulate
32 stimulate 34 processes
33 cognitive 34 processes
34 processes 35 of
35 of 36 attention
37 and 38 concentration

ageline , an ebsco host database , focuses on literature on topics relating to people over the age of 50 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 ageline 6 database
1 ageline 8 focuses
2 , 6 database
3 an 6 database
4 ebsco 5 host
5 host 6 database
6 database 7 ,
8 focuses 9 on
8 focuses 11 on
8 focuses 14 to
8 focuses 16 over
9 on 10 literature
11 on 12 topics
12 topics 13 relating
14 to 15 people
16 over 18 age
17 the 18 age
18 age 19 of
19 of 20 50

ageline is geared [to] professionals in aging - related fields , such as health care professionals , social workers , and caregivers , as well as consumers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
1 ageline 2 is
2 is 5 professionals
3 geared 5 professionals
5 professionals 6 in
6 in 7 aging
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 fields
9 related 13 as
9 related 25 well
9 related 26 as
9 related 28 .
11 , 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 21 and
13 as 23 ,
14 health 16 professionals
15 care 16 professionals
16 professionals 17 ,
17 , 19 workers
17 , 21 and
18 social 19 workers
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 caregivers
24 as 25 well
26 as 27 consumers

this column includes a sample search and a discussion of additional ageline features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 column
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 column
2 column 3 includes
3 includes 7 and
4 a 6 search
5 sample 6 search
6 search 7 and
7 and 9 discussion
7 and 10 of
8 a 9 discussion
10 of 13 features
11 additional 13 features
12 ageline 13 features

depression in older adults is often overlooked and dismissed as a part of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 depression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 depression 2 in
1 depression 5 is
2 in 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
5 is 8 and
6 often 7 overlooked
7 overlooked 8 and
8 and 9 dismissed
8 and 10 as
10 as 12 part
11 a 12 part
12 part 13 of
13 of 14 aging

a body of knowledge - both quantitative and qualitative - has developed on the topic of depression in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 body
2 body 3 of
2 body 11 has
3 of 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 8 and
5 - 8 and
6 both 8 and
7 quantitative 8 and
8 and 9 qualitative
8 and 10 -
11 has 12 developed
12 developed 13 on
12 developed 18 in
13 on 15 topic
14 the 15 topic
15 topic 16 of
16 of 17 depression
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

meta - analyses and systematic reviews have been used to synthesize the quantitative findings of studies , and our research seeks to synthesize the qualitative studies that have been conducted on elders ' experience with depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 meta 2 -
1 meta 4 and
3 analyses 4 and
4 and 6 reviews
4 and 7 have
5 systematic 6 reviews
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 synthesize
10 to 11 synthesize
11 synthesize 14 findings
12 the 14 findings
13 quantitative 14 findings
14 findings 15 of
15 of 16 studies
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 research
18 and 21 seeks
19 our 20 research
20 research 21 seeks
21 seeks 22 to
21 seeks 23 synthesize
22 to 23 synthesize
23 synthesize 26 studies
24 the 26 studies
25 qualitative 26 studies
26 studies 27 that
26 studies 28 have
27 that 28 have
28 have 29 been
29 been 30 conducted
30 conducted 31 on
30 conducted 35 with
31 on 34 experience
32 elders 33 '
33 ' 34 experience
35 with 36 depression

thirteen studies met inclusion criteria , and 4 major themes were extracted : experiences , causes , recovery , and barriers to treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 thirteen 5 criteria
2 studies 3 met
3 met 5 criteria
4 inclusion 5 criteria
5 criteria 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 10 themes
7 and 11 were
8 4 10 themes
9 major 10 themes
11 were 12 extracted
13 : 15 ,
13 : 17 ,
14 experiences 15 ,
15 , 16 causes
17 , 20 and
18 recovery 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 barriers
20 and 22 to
22 to 23 treatment

these themes are detailed and their implications for practice are explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 themes
2 themes 3 are
3 are 4 detailed
5 and 7 implications
5 and 11 explored
6 their 7 implications
7 implications 8 for
7 implications 10 are
8 for 9 practice
10 are 11 explored

aim : in 2009 , the howard brown health center received funding from the us department of health and human services , and health resources and services administration to develop and disseminate a peer - reviewed , six - module curriculum entitled [,] health education about lgbt ( lesbian [,] gay , bisexual and transgender ) elders ( heale ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
2 : 10 center
2 : 11 received
3 in 4 2009
3 in 5 ,
3 in 10 center
6 the 10 center
7 howard 8 brown
8 brown 9 health
9 health 10 center
10 center 11 received
11 received 12 funding
11 received 13 from
11 received 29 to
13 from 16 department
14 the 16 department
15 us 16 department
16 department 17 of
17 of 26 and
18 health 19 and
19 and 21 services
19 and 22 ,
19 and 23 and
20 human 21 services
23 and 25 resources
23 and 26 and
24 health 25 resources
26 and 28 administration
27 services 28 administration
29 to 31 and
30 develop 31 and
31 and 32 disseminate
32 disseminate 34 peer
33 a 34 peer
34 peer 36 reviewed
34 peer 38 six
35 - 36 reviewed
36 reviewed 37 ,
37 , 38 six
38 six 45 education
38 six 60 )
39 - 45 education
40 module 41 curriculum
41 curriculum 42 entitled
42 entitled 45 education
44 health 45 education
45 education 46 about
45 education 57 elders
45 education 60 )
46 about 47 lgbt
48 ( 57 elders
49 lesbian 57 elders
51 gay 54 and
51 gay 56 )
51 gay 57 elders
52 , 54 and
53 bisexual 54 and
54 and 55 transgender
54 and 56 )
57 elders 59 heale
57 elders 60 )
58 ( 59 heale
59 heale 60 )

background : the heale curriculum targets nurses and health - care staff and is focused on the treatment of lgbt elders , a population that is largely misunderstood and discriminated against in health - care settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 curriculum
2 : 13 and
2 : 34 -
3 the 5 curriculum
4 heale 5 curriculum
5 curriculum 13 and
6 targets 12 staff
6 targets 13 and
7 nurses 8 and
8 and 9 health
8 and 10 -
8 and 12 staff
11 care 12 staff
13 and 14 is
14 is 15 focused
15 focused 16 on
16 on 18 treatment
17 the 18 treatment
18 treatment 19 of
19 of 21 elders
20 lgbt 21 elders
21 elders 24 population
22 , 24 population
23 a 24 population
24 population 25 that
24 population 31 against
24 population 32 in
24 population 34 -
25 that 26 is
26 is 29 and
27 largely 28 misunderstood
28 misunderstood 29 and
29 and 30 discriminated
29 and 31 against
32 in 33 health
34 - 36 settings
34 - 37 .
35 care 36 settings

the heale curriculum was presented in hospital academic centres , community - based clinics and nursing homes over [a] three - year period , and training staff provided education to over 500 nurses and health - care providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 curriculum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 provided
1 the 3 curriculum
2 heale 3 curriculum
3 curriculum 4 was
4 was 5 presented
5 presented 6 in
6 in 9 centres
7 hospital 9 centres
8 academic 9 centres
10 , 11 community
10 , 12 -
12 - 15 and
12 - 21 -
13 based 14 clinics
14 clinics 15 and
15 and 17 homes
15 and 21 -
16 nursing 17 homes
17 homes 18 over
18 over 20 three
21 - 25 and
22 year 23 period
23 period 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 training
25 and 27 staff
25 and 28 provided
27 staff 28 provided
28 provided 29 education
28 provided 30 to
30 to 34 and
31 over 32 500
32 500 33 nurses
33 nurses 34 and
34 and 35 health
34 and 38 providers
36 - 38 providers
37 care 38 providers
38 providers 39 .

method : a pre - test [and] post - test was administered to participants , and all data were collected and archived to measure knowledge gained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 test
2 : 12 administered
3 a 10 test
4 pre 8 post
4 pre 10 test
5 - 8 post
6 test 8 post
8 post 9 -
10 test 11 was
11 was 12 administered
12 administered 13 to
13 to 16 and
14 participants 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 data
16 and 27 .
17 all 18 data
18 data 21 and
18 data 23 to
18 data 26 gained
19 were 20 collected
19 were 21 and
21 and 22 archived
23 to 25 knowledge
24 measure 25 knowledge

participants also completed an evaluation at the conclusion of the training to report change in personal attitude and individual response to the curriculum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 participants 3 completed
2 also 3 completed
3 completed 5 evaluation
3 completed 12 to
4 an 5 evaluation
5 evaluation 6 at
5 evaluation 9 of
6 at 8 conclusion
7 the 8 conclusion
9 of 11 training
10 the 11 training
12 to 13 report
13 report 14 change
13 report 15 in
13 report 21 to
15 in 18 and
16 personal 17 attitude
17 attitude 18 and
18 and 20 response
19 individual 20 response
21 to 23 curriculum
22 the 23 curriculum

results and conclusions : from march 2011 to june 2012 , 848 individuals attended heale curriculum sessions at 23 locations in chicago and surrounding areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 conclusions
3 conclusions 4 :
4 : 5 from
4 : 8 to
5 from 6 march
6 march 7 2011
8 to 9 june
9 june 10 2012
11 , 13 individuals
11 , 14 attended
12 848 13 individuals
13 individuals 14 attended
14 attended 17 sessions
14 attended 18 at
15 heale 17 sessions
16 curriculum 17 sessions
18 at 23 and
19 23 20 locations
20 locations 21 in
20 locations 23 and
21 in 22 chicago
23 and 25 areas
24 surrounding 25 areas

participants were 40 % white , 25 % black , 9 % hispanic/latino and 25 % asian race/ethnicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 14 and
3 40 4 %
4 % 5 white
5 white 6 ,
6 , 9 black
6 , 10 ,
7 25 8 %
8 % 9 black
10 , 13 hispanic/latino
10 , 14 and
11 9 13 hispanic/latino
12 % 13 hispanic/latino
14 and 18 race/ethnicity
15 25 16 %
16 % 18 race/ethnicity
17 asian 18 race/ethnicity

the majority of participants were female and approximately 25 % were under the age of 30 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 4 participants
3 of 4 participants
4 participants 5 were
5 were 6 female
7 and 10 %
7 and 11 were
8 approximately 9 25
9 25 10 %
10 % 11 were
11 were 12 under
12 under 14 age
13 the 14 age
14 age 15 of
15 of 17 years
16 30 17 years

there were statistically significant gains in knowledge in each of the six modules both in nursing home/home [health] - care settings and in hospital/educational settings , although participants in nursing home/home health care settings had lower pre - test scores and smaller knowledge gains in each of the six modules than those in hospital/educational settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 gains
3 statistically 4 significant
4 significant 5 gains
5 gains 6 in
5 gains 8 in
5 gains 14 both
5 gains 17 home/home
6 in 7 knowledge
8 in 9 each
9 each 10 of
10 of 13 modules
11 the 12 six
12 six 13 modules
14 both 15 in
14 both 17 home/home
15 in 16 nursing
19 - 21 settings
19 - 22 and
19 - 56 .
20 care 21 settings
22 and 34 settings
22 and 35 had
23 in 25 settings
23 in 26 ,
23 in 34 settings
24 hospital/educational 25 settings
27 although 28 participants
27 although 34 settings
29 in 30 nursing
29 in 34 settings
31 home/home 34 settings
32 health 33 care
33 care 34 settings
34 settings 35 had
35 had 44 gains
35 had 45 in
35 had 51 than
35 had 53 in
36 lower 39 test
37 pre 38 -
37 pre 39 test
39 test 44 gains
40 scores 41 and
41 and 42 smaller
41 and 44 gains
43 knowledge 44 gains
45 in 50 modules
46 each 47 of
46 each 50 modules
47 of 50 modules
48 the 49 six
49 six 50 modules
51 than 52 those
53 in 55 settings
54 hospital/educational 55 settings

mean increases ranged from 6.4 points ( an 8.7 % increase ) in module 1 - 14.6 points ( a 26.2 % increase ) in module 6 ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 mean 2 increases
2 increases 3 ranged
3 ranged 4 from
3 ranged 13 in
3 ranged 25 in
4 from 6 points
5 6.4 6 points
6 points 11 increase
7 ( 11 increase
8 an 11 increase
9 8.7 10 %
10 % 11 increase
11 increase 12 )
13 in 18 points
14 module 18 points
15 1 16 -
16 - 17 14.6
16 - 18 points
18 points 23 increase
19 ( 23 increase
20 a 23 increase
21 26.2 22 %
22 % 23 increase
23 increase 24 )
25 in 26 module
26 module 27 6
26 module 30 <
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.01
30 < 32 )

implications for nursing management : the heale curriculum sets a standard for [best] practices in nursing management and for lgbt cultural competency in geriatric education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 implications 2 for
2 for 3 nursing
3 nursing 4 management
5 : 8 curriculum
5 : 9 sets
6 the 8 curriculum
7 heale 8 curriculum
8 curriculum 9 sets
9 sets 11 standard
9 sets 23 in
10 a 11 standard
11 standard 12 for
12 for 14 practices
14 practices 18 and
15 in 16 nursing
15 in 18 and
16 nursing 17 management
18 and 19 for
19 for 22 competency
20 lgbt 22 competency
21 cultural 22 competency
23 in 25 education
24 geriatric 25 education

as such [,] implementation of this cultural competency training will go a long way to establish fundamental concepts regarding lgbt elder care and provide long - term strategies for providing culturally sensitive patient care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 go
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 as 4 implementation
1 as 10 will
1 as 11 go
2 such 4 implementation
4 implementation 5 of
4 implementation 10 will
5 of 9 training
6 this 9 training
7 cultural 8 competency
8 competency 9 training
11 go 14 way
12 a 14 way
13 long 14 way
14 way 15 to
14 way 23 and
15 to 23 and
16 establish 18 concepts
16 establish 23 and
17 fundamental 18 concepts
18 concepts 19 regarding
19 regarding 22 care
20 lgbt 22 care
21 elder 22 care
23 and 24 provide
23 and 25 long
26 - 27 term
26 - 35 .
27 term 28 strategies
27 term 29 for
29 for 30 providing
30 providing 31 culturally
30 providing 34 care
32 sensitive 33 patient
33 patient 34 care

obesity is a global epidemic associated with aging - like cellular processes ; in both aging and obesity , resistance to hormones such as insulin and leptin can be observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 obesity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 obesity 2 is
2 is 5 epidemic
3 a 4 global
3 a 5 epidemic
4 global 5 epidemic
5 epidemic 6 associated
5 epidemic 7 with
7 with 8 aging
8 aging 10 like
9 - 10 like
10 like 12 processes
10 like 13 ;
11 cellular 12 processes
13 ; 14 in
13 ; 29 be
14 in 17 and
14 in 29 be
15 both 16 aging
15 both 17 and
17 and 18 obesity
17 and 19 ,
20 resistance 21 to
20 resistance 24 as
20 resistance 28 can
21 to 22 hormones
23 such 24 as
24 as 26 and
25 insulin 26 and
26 and 27 leptin
28 can 29 be
29 be 30 observed

leptin is a circulating hormone/cytokine with central and peripheral effects that is released mainly by subcutaneous white adipose tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 leptin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 leptin 2 is
2 is 5 hormone/cytokine
3 a 5 hormone/cytokine
4 circulating 5 hormone/cytokine
5 hormone/cytokine 6 with
5 hormone/cytokine 13 released
6 with 10 effects
7 central 8 and
8 and 9 peripheral
8 and 10 effects
11 that 12 is
12 is 13 released
13 released 14 mainly
14 mainly 15 by
15 by 19 tissue
16 subcutaneous 17 white
17 white 19 tissue
18 adipose 19 tissue

centrally , leptin controls food intake , energy expenditure , and fat distribution , whereas it controls ( among several others ) insulin sensitivity , free fatty [acids] ( ffas ) oxidation , and lipolysis in the periphery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leptin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 controls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 centrally 2 ,
1 centrally 3 leptin
3 leptin 4 controls
4 controls 6 intake
4 controls 15 whereas
5 food 6 intake
6 intake 11 and
7 , 11 and
8 energy 9 expenditure
9 expenditure 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 distribution
11 and 14 ,
12 fat 13 distribution
15 whereas 16 it
15 whereas 17 controls
16 it 17 controls
17 controls 19 among
17 controls 34 and
17 controls 36 in
18 ( 19 among
19 among 21 others
19 among 22 )
20 several 21 others
23 insulin 24 sensitivity
24 sensitivity 25 ,
25 , 32 oxidation
25 , 34 and
26 free 32 oxidation
27 fatty 30 ffas
27 fatty 31 )
27 fatty 32 oxidation
29 ( 30 ffas
30 ffas 31 )
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 lipolysis
36 in 38 periphery
37 the 38 periphery

aging is associated with important changes in both the distribution and the composition of adipose tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 7 in
4 with 6 changes
5 important 6 changes
7 in 11 and
8 both 11 and
9 the 10 distribution
10 distribution 11 and
11 and 13 composition
11 and 14 of
12 the 13 composition
14 of 16 tissue
15 adipose 16 tissue

fat is redistributed from the subcutaneous to the visceral depot and increased inflammation participates in adipocyte dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 redistributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 fat 2 is
2 is 3 redistributed
3 redistributed 4 from
3 redistributed 7 to
4 from 6 subcutaneous
5 the 6 subcutaneous
7 to 10 depot
8 the 10 depot
9 visceral 10 depot
11 and 13 inflammation
11 and 14 participates
12 increased 13 inflammation
13 inflammation 14 participates
14 participates 15 in
15 in 17 dysfunction
16 adipocyte 17 dysfunction

this redistribution of adipose tissue in favor of visceral fat influences negatively both longevity and healthy aging as shown in numerous animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 redistribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 influences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 redistribution
2 redistribution 3 of
2 redistribution 11 influences
3 of 5 tissue
4 adipose 5 tissue
5 tissue 6 in
6 in 7 favor
7 favor 8 of
8 of 10 fat
9 visceral 10 fat
11 influences 12 negatively
11 influences 15 and
11 influences 20 in
13 both 15 and
14 longevity 15 and
15 and 16 healthy
15 and 17 aging
15 and 19 shown
17 aging 18 as
18 as 19 shown
20 in 23 models
21 numerous 22 animal
22 animal 23 models

these modifications observed during aging are also associated with leptin resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 modifications
2 modifications 3 observed
2 modifications 6 are
3 observed 4 during
4 during 5 aging
6 are 7 also
6 are 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 resistance
10 leptin 11 resistance

this resistance blunts normal central and peripheral functions of leptin , which leads to a decrease in neuroendocrine [function] and insulin sensitivity , an imbalance in energy regulation , and disturbances in lipid metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resistance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 blunts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 resistance
2 resistance 3 blunts
3 blunts 8 functions
4 normal 8 functions
5 central 6 and
6 and 7 peripheral
6 and 8 functions
8 functions 9 of
9 of 10 leptin
11 , 12 which
11 , 13 leads
12 which 13 leads
13 leads 14 to
13 leads 32 in
14 to 30 and
15 a 16 decrease
16 decrease 17 in
16 decrease 30 and
17 in 20 and
18 neuroendocrine 20 and
20 and 22 sensitivity
20 and 25 imbalance
21 insulin 22 sensitivity
23 , 25 imbalance
24 an 25 imbalance
25 imbalance 26 in
25 imbalance 29 ,
26 in 28 regulation
27 energy 28 regulation
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 disturbances
32 in 34 metabolism
33 lipid 34 metabolism

here , we review [how] age - related leptin resistance triggers metabolic disturbances and affects the longevity of obese patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 10 resistance
8 related 21 .
9 leptin 10 resistance
10 resistance 14 and
11 triggers 13 disturbances
11 triggers 14 and
12 metabolic 13 disturbances
14 and 15 affects
14 and 17 longevity
16 the 17 longevity
17 longevity 18 of
18 of 20 patients
19 obese 20 patients

furthermore , we discuss the potential impacts of leptin resistance on the decline of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis observed in elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 7 impacts
4 discuss 11 on
4 discuss 20 in
5 the 7 impacts
6 potential 7 impacts
7 impacts 8 of
8 of 10 resistance
9 leptin 10 resistance
11 on 13 decline
12 the 13 decline
13 decline 14 of
14 of 18 thermogenesis
15 brown 16 adipose
16 adipose 17 tissue
17 tissue 18 thermogenesis
18 thermogenesis 19 observed
20 in 22 individuals
21 elderly 22 individuals

the posterior cingulate cortex is a highly connected [and] metabolically active brain region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 4 cortex
2 posterior 4 cortex
3 cingulate 4 cortex
4 cortex 5 is
5 is 13 region
6 a 7 highly
6 a 13 region
7 highly 8 connected
10 metabolically 11 active
11 active 12 brain
12 brain 13 region

recent studies suggest it has an important cognitive role , although there is no consensus about what this is . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 it
3 suggest 5 has
4 it 5 has
5 has 9 role
5 has 11 although
6 an 7 important
6 an 9 role
7 important 9 role
8 cognitive 9 role
10 , 11 although
11 although 12 there
12 there 13 is
13 is 15 consensus
13 is 16 about
14 no 15 consensus
16 about 17 what
17 what 18 this
17 what 19 is
18 this 19 is

the region is typically discussed as having a unitary function because of a common pattern of relative deactivation observed during attentionally demanding tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 region
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 observed
1 the 2 region
2 region 3 is
3 is 5 discussed
4 typically 5 discussed
5 discussed 6 as
6 as 7 having
6 as 19 observed
7 having 10 function
7 having 11 because
7 having 19 observed
8 a 10 function
9 unitary 10 function
11 because 12 of
12 of 15 pattern
13 a 14 common
13 a 15 pattern
14 common 15 pattern
15 pattern 16 of
16 of 18 deactivation
17 relative 18 deactivation
19 observed 20 during
19 observed 24 .
20 during 23 tasks
21 attentionally 22 demanding
22 demanding 23 tasks

one influential hypothesis is that the posterior cingulate cortex has a central role in supporting internally - directed cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 one 3 hypothesis
2 influential 3 hypothesis
3 hypothesis 4 is
4 is 5 that
5 that 9 cortex
5 that 10 has
6 the 9 cortex
7 posterior 9 cortex
8 cingulate 9 cortex
9 cortex 10 has
10 has 13 role
10 has 14 in
10 has 16 internally
11 a 12 central
11 a 13 role
12 central 13 role
14 in 15 supporting
17 - 19 cognition
18 directed 19 cognition

it is a key node in the default mode network and shows increased activity when individuals retrieve autobiographical memories or plan for the future , as well as during unconstrained ['] rest ['] when activity in the brain is ['] free - wheeling ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 it 11 and
2 is 5 node
2 is 11 and
3 a 5 node
4 key 5 node
5 node 6 in
6 in 10 network
7 the 10 network
8 default 9 mode
9 mode 10 network
11 and 12 shows
11 and 15 when
12 shows 14 activity
13 increased 14 activity
15 when 16 individuals
15 when 20 or
16 individuals 20 or
17 retrieve 19 memories
17 retrieve 20 or
18 autobiographical 19 memories
20 or 21 plan
20 or 22 for
20 or 43 wheeling
22 for 24 future
23 the 24 future
24 future 26 as
25 , 26 as
26 as 27 well
26 as 42 -
27 well 28 as
28 as 29 during
29 during 32 rest
30 unconstrained 32 rest
32 rest 34 when
34 when 35 activity
34 when 39 is
35 activity 36 in
35 activity 39 is
36 in 38 brain
37 the 38 brain
39 is 41 free
42 - 43 wheeling
43 wheeling 45 .

however , other evidence suggests that the region is highly heterogeneous and may play a direct role in regulating the focus of attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 evidence
3 other 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 8 region
6 that 12 and
7 the 8 region
8 region 12 and
9 is 11 heterogeneous
9 is 12 and
10 highly 11 heterogeneous
12 and 13 may
13 may 14 play
14 play 17 role
14 play 18 in
15 a 16 direct
15 a 17 role
16 direct 17 role
18 in 19 regulating
19 regulating 21 focus
20 the 21 focus
21 focus 22 of
22 of 23 attention

in addition , its activity varies with arousal [state] and its interactions with other brain networks may be important for conscious awareness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 varies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 activity
4 its 5 activity
5 activity 6 varies
6 varies 7 with
6 varies 13 with
7 with 10 and
8 arousal 10 and
10 and 12 interactions
11 its 12 interactions
13 with 15 brain
13 with 19 important
14 other 15 brain
15 brain 16 networks
15 brain 18 be
16 networks 17 may
17 may 18 be
19 important 20 for
20 for 22 awareness
21 conscious 22 awareness

understanding posterior cingulate [cortex] [function] is likely to be of clinical importance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 understanding 3 cingulate
1 understanding 6 is
2 posterior 3 cingulate
6 is 7 likely
7 likely 8 to
7 likely 9 be
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 of
10 of 12 importance
11 clinical 12 importance

it is well protected against ischaemic [stroke] , and so [there] [is] relatively little neuropsychological data about the consequences of focal lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 well
3 well 4 protected
4 protected 5 against
4 protected 17 about
5 against 16 data
6 ischaemic 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 14 little
9 and 16 data
10 so 13 relatively
13 relatively 14 little
15 neuropsychological 16 data
17 about 19 consequences
18 the 19 consequences
19 consequences 20 of
20 of 22 lesions
21 focal 22 lesions

however , in other conditions abnormalities in the region are clearly linked to disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 abnormalities
3 in 5 conditions
3 in 6 abnormalities
4 other 5 conditions
6 abnormalities 7 in
6 abnormalities 10 are
7 in 9 region
8 the 9 region
10 are 11 clearly
10 are 12 linked
12 linked 13 to
13 to 14 disease

for example , amyloid deposition [and] reduced metabolism is seen early in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 metabolism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 8 metabolism
4 amyloid 7 reduced
5 deposition 7 reduced
7 reduced 8 metabolism
8 metabolism 9 is
9 is 10 seen
10 seen 11 early
10 seen 12 in
12 in 15 disease
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease

functional neuroimaging studies show abnormalities in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders including alzheimer 's disease , schizophrenia , autism , depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , as well as ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 functional 3 studies
2 neuroimaging 3 studies
3 studies 4 show
4 show 5 abnormalities
4 show 6 in
4 show 30 as
6 in 8 range
7 a 8 range
8 range 9 of
8 range 14 including
8 range 19 schizophrenia
8 range 21 autism
9 of 13 disorders
10 neurological 11 and
11 and 12 psychiatric
11 and 13 disorders
14 including 17 disease
15 alzheimer 16 's
16 's 17 disease
18 , 19 schizophrenia
19 schizophrenia 20 ,
20 , 21 autism
21 autism 24 and
21 autism 29 ,
22 , 24 and
23 depression 24 and
24 and 28 disorder
24 and 29 ,
25 attention 26 deficit
26 deficit 28 disorder
27 hyperactivity 28 disorder
30 as 31 well
31 well 32 as
32 as 33 ageing

our own work has consistently shown abnormal posterior cingulate cortex function following traumatic brain injury , which predicts attentional impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 own
1 our 3 work
3 work 4 has
4 has 6 shown
5 consistently 6 shown
6 shown 9 cingulate
6 shown 15 injury
7 abnormal 9 cingulate
8 posterior 9 cingulate
10 cortex 11 function
11 function 15 injury
12 following 15 injury
13 traumatic 14 brain
14 brain 15 injury
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 predicts
17 which 18 predicts
18 predicts 20 impairments
19 attentional 20 impairments

here we review the anatomy and physiology of the region and how it is affected in a range of clinical conditions , before discussing its proposed functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 review
3 review 6 and
4 the 5 anatomy
5 anatomy 6 and
6 and 7 physiology
6 and 8 of
6 and 15 affected
6 and 19 of
8 of 11 and
9 the 10 region
10 region 11 and
11 and 12 how
11 and 13 it
11 and 14 is
13 it 14 is
15 affected 16 in
16 in 18 range
17 a 18 range
19 of 21 conditions
20 clinical 21 conditions
21 conditions 23 before
22 , 23 before
23 before 24 discussing
23 before 28 .
24 discussing 27 functions
25 its 27 functions
26 proposed 27 functions

we synthesize key findings into a novel model of the region 's function ( the ['] arousal , balance and breadth of attention ['] model ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 synthesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 synthesize
2 synthesize 4 findings
2 synthesize 5 into
3 key 4 findings
5 into 8 model
6 a 7 novel
6 a 8 model
7 novel 8 model
8 model 9 of
9 of 13 function
10 the 11 region
11 region 12 's
12 's 13 function
13 function 20 and
14 ( 20 and
15 the 17 arousal
17 arousal 18 ,
18 , 19 balance
18 , 20 and
20 and 25 model
20 and 26 )
21 breadth 22 of
21 breadth 25 model
22 of 23 attention

dorsal and ventral subcomponents are functionally separated and differences in regional activity are explained by considering : [(] [i] [ )(arousal state ; ( ii ) [whether] attention is focused internally or externally ; and [(] [iii] ) the [breadth] [of] attentional focus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
1 dorsal 2 and
2 and 3 ventral
2 and 4 subcomponents
2 and 5 are
2 and 7 separated
2 and 8 and
4 subcomponents 5 are
6 functionally 7 separated
8 and 9 differences
8 and 10 in
8 and 13 are
10 in 12 activity
11 regional 12 activity
13 are 14 explained
14 explained 15 by
15 by 16 considering
17 : 22 state
17 : 23 ;
17 : 44 .
21 )(arousal 22 state
23 ; 28 attention
23 ; 30 focused
23 ; 34 ;
24 ( 25 ii
25 ii 26 )
25 ii 28 attention
28 attention 29 is
29 is 30 focused
30 focused 32 or
31 internally 32 or
32 or 33 externally
34 ; 35 and
35 and 38 )
35 and 42 attentional
35 and 43 focus
39 the 42 attentional
42 attentional 43 focus

reflex vasoconstriction is attenuated in aged skin due to a functional loss of adrenergic vasoconstriction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 vasoconstriction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 reflex 2 vasoconstriction
2 vasoconstriction 3 is
3 is 4 attenuated
4 attenuated 5 in
4 attenuated 9 to
5 in 7 skin
6 aged 7 skin
8 due 9 to
9 to 12 loss
10 a 11 functional
10 a 12 loss
11 functional 12 loss
12 loss 13 of
13 of 15 vasoconstriction
14 adrenergic 15 vasoconstriction

bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin ( bh4 ) , an essential cofactor for catecholamine synthesis , is reduced with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bioavailability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 bioavailability 2 of
1 bioavailability 15 is
2 of 3 tetrahydrobiopterin
3 tetrahydrobiopterin 5 bh4
3 tetrahydrobiopterin 10 cofactor
4 ( 5 bh4
5 bh4 6 )
7 , 10 cofactor
8 an 9 essential
8 an 10 cofactor
9 essential 10 cofactor
10 cofactor 11 for
10 cofactor 14 ,
11 for 13 synthesis
12 catecholamine 13 synthesis
15 is 16 reduced
16 reduced 17 with
17 with 18 aging

locally administered bh4 increases vasoconstriction through adrenergic mechanisms in aged human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bh4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 locally 2 administered
2 administered 3 bh4
3 bh4 4 increases
4 increases 5 vasoconstriction
4 increases 6 through
4 increases 9 in
6 through 8 mechanisms
7 adrenergic 8 mechanisms
9 in 12 skin
10 aged 12 skin
11 human 12 skin

we hypothesized that oral sapropterin ( kuvan , a pharmaceutical bh4 ) would augment vasoconstriction elicited by whole - body cooling and tyramine perfusion in aged skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 5 sapropterin
2 hypothesized 14 augment
3 that 4 oral
4 oral 5 sapropterin
5 sapropterin 7 kuvan
5 sapropterin 13 would
6 ( 7 kuvan
7 kuvan 11 bh4
7 kuvan 12 )
8 , 11 bh4
9 a 10 pharmaceutical
9 a 11 bh4
10 pharmaceutical 11 bh4
11 bh4 12 )
13 would 14 augment
14 augment 15 vasoconstriction
14 augment 17 by
14 augment 25 in
15 vasoconstriction 16 elicited
17 by 22 and
18 whole 19 -
18 whole 20 body
20 body 21 cooling
21 cooling 22 and
22 and 24 perfusion
23 tyramine 24 perfusion
25 in 27 skin
26 aged 27 skin

ten healthy subjects ( age 75 ± 2 [yr] ) ingested sapropterin ( 10 mg/kg ) [or] [placebo] in a randomized [,] double - blind crossover design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ingested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 ten 3 subjects
2 healthy 3 subjects
3 subjects 7 ±
3 subjects 11 ingested
4 ( 7 ±
5 age 7 ±
6 75 7 ±
7 ± 8 2
7 ± 10 )
11 ingested 12 sapropterin
11 ingested 19 in
12 sapropterin 15 mg/kg
13 ( 15 mg/kg
14 10 15 mg/kg
15 mg/kg 16 )
19 in 27 design
20 a 27 design
21 randomized 26 crossover
23 double 24 -
23 double 26 crossover
25 blind 26 crossover
26 crossover 27 design

venous blood samples were collected prior [to] , and 3 h following ingestion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 venous 2 blood
2 blood 3 samples
3 samples 4 were
4 were 13 ingestion
5 collected 13 ingestion
6 prior 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 following
9 and 13 ingestion
10 3 11 h
11 h 12 following

three intradermal microdialysis fibers were placed in the forearm skin for local delivery of 1 [ )(lactated ringer , 2 ) 5 mm bh4 , [and] 3 ) 5 mm yohimbine + 1 mm propranolol ( y+p ; to inhibit adrenergic vasoconstriction [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fibers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 )(lactated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 )(
1 three 4 fibers
2 intradermal 4 fibers
3 microdialysis 4 fibers
4 fibers 5 were
5 were 6 placed
6 placed 7 in
6 placed 11 for
7 in 10 skin
8 the 10 skin
9 forearm 10 skin
11 for 13 delivery
12 local 13 delivery
13 delivery 14 of
13 delivery 17 )(lactated
14 of 15 1
17 )(lactated 35 propranolol
18 ringer 20 2
18 ringer 31 yohimbine
19 , 20 2
20 2 21 )
22 5 23 mm
23 mm 31 yohimbine
24 bh4 27 3
24 bh4 31 yohimbine
25 , 27 3
27 3 28 )
29 5 30 mm
30 mm 31 yohimbine
31 yohimbine 35 propranolol
32 + 33 1
33 1 34 mm
34 mm 35 propranolol
35 propranolol 37 y+p
36 ( 37 y+p
37 y+p 38 ;
38 ; 39 to
38 ; 40 inhibit
39 to 40 inhibit
40 inhibit 42 vasoconstriction
41 adrenergic 42 vasoconstriction

red cell flux was measured at each site by laser [-] doppler flowmetry ( ldf ) as reflex vasoconstriction was induced by lowering and then clamping whole - body skin temperature ( [tsk] [ )(using a water [-] perfused suit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 flux
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 measured
1 red 3 flux
2 cell 3 flux
3 flux 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 at
5 measured 9 by
5 measured 22 by
6 at 8 site
7 each 8 site
9 by 13 flowmetry
10 laser 13 flowmetry
12 doppler 13 flowmetry
13 flowmetry 15 ldf
13 flowmetry 21 induced
14 ( 15 ldf
15 ldf 16 )
17 as 19 vasoconstriction
17 as 21 induced
18 reflex 19 vasoconstriction
19 vasoconstriction 20 was
20 was 21 induced
22 by 31 temperature
23 lowering 24 and
24 and 25 then
24 and 26 clamping
24 and 30 skin
27 whole 28 -
27 whole 29 body
29 body 30 skin
30 skin 31 temperature
31 temperature 35 )(using
32 ( 35 )(using
35 )(using 40 suit
35 )(using 41 .
36 a 37 water
36 a 40 suit
37 water 39 perfused
39 perfused 40 suit

following whole - body cooling , subjects were rewarmed and 1 mm tyramine was perfused at each site to elicit endogenous norepinephrine [release] from the perivascular nerve terminal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 following 5 cooling
1 following 6 ,
1 following 7 subjects
2 whole 3 -
2 whole 4 body
4 body 5 cooling
7 subjects 10 and
8 were 9 rewarmed
8 were 10 and
10 and 20 elicit
11 1 12 mm
12 mm 13 tyramine
13 tyramine 14 was
14 was 15 perfused
15 perfused 16 at
15 perfused 19 to
16 at 18 site
17 each 18 site
19 to 20 elicit
20 elicit 22 norepinephrine
20 elicit 24 from
21 endogenous 22 norepinephrine
24 from 28 terminal
25 the 28 terminal
26 perivascular 27 nerve
27 nerve 28 terminal

cutaneous vascular conductance was calculated as cvc = ldf/mean arterial pressure [and] expressed as change from baseline ( δcvc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cutaneous
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 cutaneous 3 conductance
1 cutaneous 4 was
1 cutaneous 5 calculated
1 cutaneous 6 as
1 cutaneous 8 =
2 vascular 3 conductance
3 conductance 4 was
6 as 7 cvc
8 = 9 ldf/mean
8 = 16 from
9 ldf/mean 11 pressure
9 ldf/mean 13 expressed
9 ldf/mean 14 as
10 arterial 11 pressure
11 pressure 13 expressed
14 as 15 change
16 from 17 baseline
17 baseline 19 δcvc
18 ( 19 δcvc
19 δcvc 20 )

plasma bh4 was elevated 3 h after ingestion of sapropterin ( 43.8 ± 3 vs [.] 19.1 ± 2 pmol/ml [;] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bh4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 plasma 2 bh4
2 bh4 3 was
3 was 4 elevated
4 elevated 7 after
5 3 6 h
6 h 7 after
7 after 8 ingestion
8 ingestion 9 of
9 of 10 sapropterin
10 sapropterin 13 ±
11 ( 13 ±
12 43.8 13 ±
13 ± 14 3
13 ± 15 vs
13 ± 23 <
13 ± 25 )
15 vs 18 ±
17 19.1 18 ±
19 2 20 pmol/ml
20 pmol/ml 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.001

sapropterin increased reflex vasoconstriction at the ringer site at tsk ≤ 32.5 °c ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sapropterin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 sapropterin 2 increased
2 increased 4 vasoconstriction
2 increased 5 at
2 increased 9 at
3 reflex 4 vasoconstriction
5 at 8 site
6 the 8 site
7 ringer 8 site
9 at 11 ≤
10 tsk 11 ≤
11 ≤ 16 <
12 32.5 13 °c
13 °c 16 <
14 ( 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 17 0.05
16 < 18 )

local bh4 perfusion augmented reflex vasoconstriction at tsk ≤ 31.5 [°c] with placebo treatment only ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 perfusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 augmented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 local 3 perfusion
2 bh4 3 perfusion
3 perfusion 4 augmented
4 augmented 6 vasoconstriction
4 augmented 7 at
4 augmented 12 with
4 augmented 15 only
4 augmented 18 <
5 reflex 6 vasoconstriction
7 at 9 ≤
8 tsk 9 ≤
9 ≤ 10 31.5
12 with 14 treatment
13 placebo 14 treatment
16 ( 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.05
18 < 20 )

there was no treatment effect on reflex vasoconstriction at the bh4 - [perfused] or y+p - perfused sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 effect
3 no 5 effect
4 treatment 5 effect
5 effect 6 on
5 effect 9 at
6 on 8 vasoconstriction
7 reflex 8 vasoconstriction
9 at 14 or
10 the 11 bh4
11 bh4 14 or
12 - 14 or
14 or 15 y+p
16 - 18 sites
17 perfused 18 sites

sapropterin increased pharmacologically induced vasoconstriction at the ringer site [(] - 0.19 ± 0.03 [vs] . - 0.08 ± 0.02 δcvc [;] p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sapropterin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 sapropterin 2 increased
1 sapropterin 4 induced
2 increased 3 pharmacologically
4 induced 5 vasoconstriction
4 induced 6 at
6 at 9 site
7 the 9 site
8 ringer 9 site
11 - 12 0.19
11 - 13 ±
12 0.19 13 ±
13 ± 14 0.03
16 . 18 0.08
16 . 19 ±
16 . 27 .
17 - 18 0.08
18 0.08 19 ±
19 ± 21 δcvc
20 0.02 21 δcvc
21 δcvc 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.01
24 = 26 )

there was no difference in pharmacologically induced vasoconstriction between treatments at the bh4 - perfused site [(] - 0.16 ± 0.04 [vs] [.] - 0.14 ± 0.03 δcvc [;] p = 0.60 ) or the y+p - perfused site [(] - 0.05 ± 0.02 [vs] [.] - 0.06 ± [0.02] δcvc [;] p = 0.79 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 difference
3 no 4 difference
4 difference 5 in
5 in 8 vasoconstriction
6 pharmacologically 7 induced
7 induced 8 vasoconstriction
8 vasoconstriction 9 between
8 vasoconstriction 18 -
9 between 10 treatments
10 treatments 11 at
11 at 13 bh4
12 the 13 bh4
14 - 18 -
15 perfused 16 site
16 site 18 -
18 - 26 ±
19 0.16 26 ±
20 ± 26 ±
21 0.04 24 -
24 - 25 0.14
24 - 26 ±
26 ± 27 0.03
26 ± 34 or
26 ± 38 perfused
28 δcvc 31 =
28 δcvc 34 or
30 p 31 =
31 = 32 0.60
31 = 33 )
34 or 36 y+p
34 or 37 -
34 or 38 perfused
35 the 36 y+p
38 perfused 39 site
38 perfused 47 -
41 - 47 -
42 0.05 43 ±
43 ± 44 0.02
43 ± 47 -
47 - 51 δcvc
47 - 57 .
48 0.06 51 δcvc
49 ± 51 δcvc
51 δcvc 54 =
53 p 54 =
54 = 55 0.79
54 = 56 )

sapropterin increases both [reflex] ( cold - induced ) and pharmacologically induced vasoconstriction through adrenergic mechanisms and may be a viable intervention to improve reflex vasoconstriction in aged humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sapropterin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 sapropterin 10 and
2 increases 3 both
2 increases 6 cold
2 increases 8 induced
2 increases 10 and
5 ( 6 cold
6 cold 7 -
7 - 8 induced
8 induced 9 )
10 and 17 and
10 and 27 in
11 pharmacologically 12 induced
12 induced 13 vasoconstriction
12 induced 14 through
12 induced 17 and
14 through 16 mechanisms
15 adrenergic 16 mechanisms
17 and 18 may
18 may 19 be
19 be 22 intervention
19 be 23 to
20 a 22 intervention
21 viable 22 intervention
23 to 24 improve
24 improve 26 vasoconstriction
25 reflex 26 vasoconstriction
27 in 29 humans
28 aged 29 humans

single - strand breaks ( ssbs ) are the most common type of oxidative dna damage and they are related to aging and many genetic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 breaks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 single 2 -
1 single 3 strand
3 strand 4 breaks
4 breaks 6 ssbs
4 breaks 8 are
5 ( 6 ssbs
6 ssbs 7 )
8 are 23 and
9 the 12 type
10 most 11 common
11 common 12 type
12 type 13 of
12 type 23 and
13 of 15 dna
14 oxidative 15 dna
15 dna 17 and
15 dna 22 aging
16 damage 17 and
17 and 18 they
17 and 19 are
19 are 20 related
20 related 21 to
21 to 22 aging
23 and 26 diseases
24 many 26 diseases
25 genetic 26 diseases

the scaffold protein for repair of ssbs , xrcc1 , accumulates at sites of [poly] [(] adp - ribose ) ( par ) synthesized by parp , but it is retained at sites of ssbs after par degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 accumulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 protein
2 scaffold 3 protein
3 protein 4 for
3 protein 11 accumulates
4 for 5 repair
5 repair 6 of
6 of 7 ssbs
7 ssbs 9 xrcc1
8 , 9 xrcc1
9 xrcc1 10 ,
11 accumulates 12 at
11 accumulates 25 by
12 at 13 sites
13 sites 14 of
13 sites 24 synthesized
14 of 17 adp
17 adp 19 ribose
17 adp 22 par
18 - 19 ribose
19 ribose 20 )
21 ( 22 par
22 par 23 )
25 by 26 parp
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 it
28 but 31 retained
29 it 30 is
30 is 31 retained
31 retained 32 at
32 at 33 sites
33 sites 34 of
34 of 35 ssbs
35 ssbs 36 after
36 after 38 degradation
37 par 38 degradation

[how] xrcc1 responds to ssbs after par degradation and how this affects repair progression are not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 xrcc1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 responds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 xrcc1 3 responds
3 responds 4 to
3 responds 6 after
3 responds 9 and
3 responds 18 understood
4 to 5 ssbs
6 after 7 par
8 degradation 9 and
9 and 10 how
9 and 11 this
9 and 12 affects
9 and 15 are
11 this 12 affects
12 affects 14 progression
13 repair 14 progression
15 are 16 not
15 are 17 well
15 are 18 understood

we found that xrcc1 dissociates [from] par and is translocated to sites of ssbs dependent on its brctii domain and the function of parg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 xrcc1
3 that 8 and
4 xrcc1 8 and
5 dissociates 7 par
5 dissociates 8 and
8 and 9 is
8 and 11 to
9 is 10 translocated
11 to 12 sites
12 sites 13 of
13 of 20 and
14 ssbs 15 dependent
14 ssbs 20 and
15 dependent 16 on
16 on 19 domain
17 its 19 domain
18 brctii 19 domain
20 and 22 function
20 and 23 of
21 the 22 function
23 of 24 parg

in addition , phosphorylation of xrcc1 is also required for the proper dissociation kinetics of xrcc1 [because] ( 1 ) phosphorylation sites mutated in xrcc1 ( x1 [pm] ) cause retention of xrcc1 at sites of ssb for a longer time compared to wild type xrcc1 [;] [and] ( 2 [ )(phosphorylation of xrcc1 is required for efficient polyubiquitylation of xrcc1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 addition
3 , 4 phosphorylation
3 , 9 required
4 phosphorylation 5 of
4 phosphorylation 7 is
5 of 6 xrcc1
7 is 8 also
7 is 9 required
9 required 10 for
10 for 14 kinetics
11 the 14 kinetics
12 proper 13 dissociation
13 dissociation 14 kinetics
14 kinetics 15 of
14 kinetics 22 sites
14 kinetics 23 mutated
15 of 16 xrcc1
16 xrcc1 19 1
18 ( 19 1
19 1 20 )
21 phosphorylation 22 sites
22 sites 23 mutated
23 mutated 24 in
23 mutated 34 at
24 in 31 retention
25 xrcc1 27 x1
25 xrcc1 31 retention
26 ( 27 x1
27 x1 29 )
30 cause 31 retention
31 retention 32 of
32 of 33 xrcc1
34 at 35 sites
35 sites 36 of
35 sites 42 compared
36 of 37 ssb
37 ssb 38 for
38 for 41 time
39 a 41 time
40 longer 41 time
42 compared 43 to
43 to 46 xrcc1
44 wild 45 type
45 type 46 xrcc1
46 xrcc1 50 2
49 ( 50 2
50 2 52 )(phosphorylation
50 2 55 is
50 2 56 required
50 2 60 of
50 2 62 .
52 )(phosphorylation 53 of
52 )(phosphorylation 55 is
53 of 54 xrcc1
56 required 57 for
57 for 59 polyubiquitylation
58 efficient 59 polyubiquitylation
60 of 61 xrcc1

interestingly , a mutant of xrcc1 , ll360/361dd , which abolishes par binding , shows significant upregulation of ubiquitylation , indicating that parylation of xrcc1 prevents [the] poly - ubiquitylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mutant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 shows
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 mutant
3 a 4 mutant
4 mutant 5 of
4 mutant 15 shows
5 of 6 xrcc1
6 xrcc1 8 ll360/361dd
6 xrcc1 10 which
7 , 8 ll360/361dd
8 ll360/361dd 9 ,
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 abolishes
10 which 14 ,
11 abolishes 12 par
12 par 13 binding
15 shows 17 upregulation
16 significant 17 upregulation
17 upregulation 18 of
18 of 19 ubiquitylation
19 ubiquitylation 29 -
20 , 29 -
21 indicating 22 that
21 indicating 26 prevents
21 indicating 29 -
22 that 23 parylation
22 that 26 prevents
23 parylation 24 of
23 parylation 26 prevents
24 of 25 xrcc1
26 prevents 28 poly
29 - 30 ubiquitylation
29 - 31 .

we also found that the dynamics of the repair proteins dna polymerase beta , pnk , aptx , pcna and ligase i are regulated by domains of xrcc1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 6 dynamics
4 that 24 regulated
5 the 6 dynamics
6 dynamics 7 of
6 dynamics 23 are
7 of 20 and
8 the 13 beta
9 repair 13 beta
10 proteins 13 beta
11 dna 13 beta
12 polymerase 13 beta
13 beta 14 ,
14 , 15 pnk
14 , 16 ,
16 , 19 pcna
16 , 20 and
17 aptx 19 pcna
18 , 19 pcna
20 and 21 ligase
21 ligase 22 i
23 are 24 regulated
24 regulated 25 by
25 by 26 domains
26 domains 27 of
27 of 28 xrcc1

in summary , the dynamic damage response of xrcc1 is regulated in a manner that depends on modifications of polyadp - ribosylation , phosphorylation and ubiquitylation in live cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 summary
3 , 7 response
3 , 11 regulated
4 the 7 response
5 dynamic 6 damage
6 damage 7 response
7 response 8 of
7 response 10 is
8 of 9 xrcc1
10 is 11 regulated
11 regulated 12 in
11 regulated 17 on
11 regulated 27 in
12 in 14 manner
13 a 14 manner
14 manner 15 that
14 manner 16 depends
15 that 16 depends
17 on 18 modifications
18 modifications 19 of
19 of 25 and
20 polyadp 21 -
20 polyadp 22 ribosylation
22 ribosylation 23 ,
23 , 24 phosphorylation
23 , 25 and
25 and 26 ubiquitylation
27 in 29 cells
28 live 29 cells

none [in] [this] [paper] we test the ['] red herring ['] hypothesis for expenditures on long - term care ( ltc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 long
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 none 5 we
1 none 15 on
1 none 16 long
5 we 6 test
6 test 12 hypothesis
6 test 15 on
7 the 12 hypothesis
9 red 10 herring
10 herring 12 hypothesis
12 hypothesis 13 for
13 for 14 expenditures
17 - 18 term
17 - 23 .
18 term 19 care
19 care 21 ltc
20 ( 21 ltc
21 ltc 22 )

the main contribution of this paper is to assess the ['] red herring ['] hypothesis by using the probability of dying as a measure for time - to [-] death ( ttd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 contribution
2 main 3 contribution
3 contribution 4 of
3 contribution 7 is
4 of 6 paper
5 this 6 paper
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 assess
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 15 hypothesis
9 assess 16 by
10 the 15 hypothesis
12 red 13 herring
13 herring 15 hypothesis
16 by 17 using
17 using 19 probability
18 the 19 probability
19 probability 20 of
20 of 21 dying
21 dying 22 as
21 dying 25 for
21 dying 28 to
22 as 24 measure
23 a 24 measure
25 for 26 time
27 - 28 to
28 to 30 death
28 to 33 )
30 death 32 ttd
31 ( 32 ttd
32 ttd 33 )

in addition , we implement models that allow for age - specific ttd effects on ltc utilization as well as sex - specific effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 implement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 implement
5 implement 6 models
6 models 7 that
6 models 9 for
7 that 9 for
8 allow 9 for
9 for 10 age
10 age 14 effects
11 - 14 effects
12 specific 14 effects
13 ttd 14 effects
14 effects 15 on
14 effects 20 as
14 effects 22 -
15 on 17 utilization
16 ltc 17 utilization
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 21 sex
22 - 24 effects
22 - 25 .
23 specific 24 effects

we also focus on total , institutional and domiciliary ltc separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 3 focus
2 also 3 focus
3 focus 4 on
3 focus 11 separately
4 on 10 ltc
5 total 6 ,
6 , 7 institutional
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 domiciliary
8 and 10 ltc

for our analysis we use high quality administrative data from sweden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 for 3 analysis
1 for 4 we
2 our 3 analysis
4 we 5 use
5 use 9 data
6 high 7 quality
7 quality 9 data
8 administrative 9 data
9 data 10 from
10 from 11 sweden

our analysis is based on fixed effects estimates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 our 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 is
3 is 4 based
4 based 5 on
5 on 8 estimates
6 fixed 7 effects
7 effects 8 estimates

we use our findings to project future ltc expenditures and show that , although ttd is a relevant predictor , age itself remains the main driver of ltc expenditures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 10 and
2 use 4 findings
2 use 5 to
2 use 6 project
2 use 10 and
3 our 4 findings
5 to 6 project
6 project 9 expenditures
7 future 9 expenditures
8 ltc 9 expenditures
10 and 11 show
11 show 12 that
12 that 21 age
12 that 23 remains
13 , 14 although
14 although 15 ttd
14 although 16 is
14 although 20 ,
14 although 21 age
15 ttd 16 is
16 is 19 predictor
17 a 18 relevant
17 a 19 predictor
18 relevant 19 predictor
21 age 23 remains
22 itself 23 remains
23 remains 26 driver
24 the 25 main
24 the 26 driver
26 driver 27 of
27 of 29 expenditures
28 ltc 29 expenditures

importance : individuals with age - related eye disease ( ared ) need to use eye care services for detection , assessment , and care at regular intervals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 13 need
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 13 need
4 with 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 9 disease
7 related 12 )
7 related 13 need
8 eye 9 disease
9 disease 11 ared
10 ( 11 ared
11 ared 12 )
13 need 14 to
14 to 24 and
15 use 18 services
15 use 24 and
16 eye 18 services
17 care 18 services
18 services 19 for
19 for 20 detection
20 detection 22 assessment
21 , 22 assessment
22 assessment 23 ,
24 and 25 care
25 care 26 at
26 at 28 intervals
27 regular 28 intervals

objective : to explore the association [between] socioeconomic position ( sep ) and use of eye care services among us adults with self [-] reported ared during 2002 and 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
2 : 13 and
2 : 31 .
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 9 position
5 the 9 position
6 association 9 position
8 socioeconomic 9 position
9 position 11 sep
10 ( 11 sep
11 sep 12 )
13 and 14 use
13 and 18 services
14 use 15 of
14 use 18 services
15 of 17 care
16 eye 17 care
18 services 19 among
18 services 21 adults
18 services 22 with
18 services 27 during
19 among 20 us
22 with 26 ared
23 self 25 reported
25 reported 26 ared
27 during 29 and
28 2002 29 and
29 and 30 2008

design : data were from the national health interview survey 2002 and 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 were
2 : 14 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 from
5 from 10 survey
6 the 10 survey
7 national 8 health
8 health 9 interview
9 interview 10 survey
10 survey 12 and
11 2002 12 and
12 and 13 2008

we used multiple logistic regression to estimate predictive margins , controlling for other factors , and we used the slope index of inequality to measure the relationship between sep and use of eye care services across the entire distributions of poverty - income [ratio] ( pir ) and educational attainment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 5 regression
2 used 6 to
2 used 7 estimate
3 multiple 5 regression
4 logistic 5 regression
6 to 7 estimate
7 estimate 16 and
7 estimate 18 used
8 predictive 9 margins
9 margins 10 ,
10 , 11 controlling
10 , 16 and
11 controlling 12 for
12 for 14 factors
13 other 14 factors
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 we
16 and 18 used
18 used 21 index
18 used 24 to
18 used 25 measure
19 the 21 index
20 slope 21 index
21 index 22 of
22 of 23 inequality
24 to 25 measure
25 measure 27 relationship
25 measure 28 between
25 measure 36 across
26 the 27 relationship
28 between 30 and
29 sep 30 and
30 and 31 use
30 and 32 of
32 of 35 services
33 eye 35 services
34 care 35 services
36 across 50 attainment
37 the 50 attainment
38 entire 39 distributions
39 distributions 40 of
39 distributions 48 and
40 of 41 poverty
41 poverty 43 income
42 - 43 income
43 income 46 pir
43 income 47 )
45 ( 46 pir
46 pir 47 )
48 and 49 educational
48 and 50 attainment

setting : a cross - sectional , nationally representative sample [of] adults , with prevalence estimates weighted to represent the civilian , noninstitutionalized us population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 12 adults
5 - 23 noninstitutionalized
6 sectional 7 ,
6 sectional 10 sample
8 nationally 9 representative
9 representative 10 sample
10 sample 12 adults
12 adults 14 with
12 adults 23 noninstitutionalized
13 , 14 with
14 with 16 estimates
14 with 17 weighted
14 with 22 ,
15 prevalence 16 estimates
17 weighted 18 to
18 to 19 represent
19 represent 21 civilian
20 the 21 civilian
23 noninstitutionalized 25 population
24 us 25 population

participants : the sample included us participants in the 2002 ( n = 3586 ) and the 2008 ( n = 3104 [ )(national health interview survey who were at least 40 years old and reported any ared ( age - related macular degeneration , cataract , diabetic retinopathy , or glaucoma ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
2 : 4 sample
2 : 5 included
2 : 16 and
3 the 4 sample
4 sample 5 included
5 included 7 participants
6 us 7 participants
7 participants 8 in
8 in 10 2002
9 the 10 2002
10 2002 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 3586
13 = 15 )
16 and 18 2008
16 and 42 related
17 the 18 2008
18 2008 21 =
18 2008 42 related
19 ( 21 =
20 n 21 =
21 = 27 survey
22 3104 24 )(national
24 )(national 25 health
25 health 26 interview
26 interview 27 survey
27 survey 28 who
27 survey 35 and
28 who 35 and
29 were 31 least
29 were 34 old
29 were 35 and
30 at 31 least
32 40 33 years
33 years 34 old
35 and 36 reported
36 reported 38 ared
37 any 38 ared
38 ared 40 age
39 ( 40 age
40 age 41 -
42 related 51 or
43 macular 44 degeneration
44 degeneration 45 ,
45 , 46 cataract
45 , 47 ,
47 , 49 retinopathy
47 , 51 or
48 diabetic 49 retinopathy
50 , 51 or
51 or 52 glaucoma
51 or 53 )

main outcomes and measures : use of eye care services ; sep was measured by the pir and educational attainment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 :
5 : 6 use
6 use 7 of
7 of 10 services
8 eye 10 services
9 care 10 services
11 ; 12 sep
12 sep 13 was
13 was 14 measured
14 measured 15 by
15 by 18 and
16 the 17 pir
17 pir 18 and
18 and 20 attainment
19 educational 20 attainment

results : in 2002 , persons with ared and a pir of less than 1.50 were significantly less likely than those with a pir of at least 5 to report visiting an eye care provider [(] 62.7 [%] vs 80.1 % [;] p < [.] 001 [ )( undergoing a dilated eye examination in the past 12 months [(] 64.3 [%] vs 80.4 % [;] p < [.] 001 ) , after adjustment for other factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 2002
5 , 9 and
6 persons 7 with
6 persons 9 and
7 with 8 ared
9 and 11 pir
9 and 12 of
9 and 16 were
10 a 11 pir
12 of 15 1.50
13 less 14 than
14 than 15 1.50
16 were 17 significantly
16 were 19 likely
18 less 19 likely
19 likely 20 than
20 than 21 those
21 those 22 with
21 those 25 of
21 those 31 visiting
22 with 24 pir
23 a 24 pir
25 of 28 5
26 at 27 least
27 least 28 5
28 5 29 to
28 5 30 report
29 to 30 report
31 visiting 35 provider
32 an 35 provider
33 eye 34 care
34 care 35 provider
35 provider 37 62.7
35 provider 39 vs
35 provider 44 <
39 vs 41 %
40 80.1 41 %
43 p 44 <
44 < 46 001
46 001 49 undergoing
49 undergoing 53 examination
50 a 53 examination
51 dilated 53 examination
52 eye 53 examination
53 examination 54 in
53 examination 62 vs
54 in 58 months
55 the 56 past
55 the 57 12
57 12 58 months
58 months 60 64.3
62 vs 64 %
63 80.4 64 %
64 % 67 <
64 % 72 after
66 p 67 <
67 < 69 001
67 < 70 )
71 , 72 after
72 after 73 adjustment
72 after 77 .
73 adjustment 74 for
74 for 76 factors
75 other 76 factors

similarly , [persons] with less than a high school education were less likely than those [with] at [least] a college education to report a visit to an eye care provider ( 62.9 % vs 80.8 % [;] p < [.] 001 ) or dilated eye examination ( 64.8 % vs 81.4 % ; p < . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 10 education
4 with 5 less
4 with 6 than
4 with 8 high
4 with 10 education
7 a 8 high
9 school 10 education
10 education 43 or
11 were 13 likely
11 were 43 or
12 less 13 likely
13 likely 14 than
13 likely 22 to
13 likely 23 report
14 than 15 those
14 than 17 at
17 at 21 education
19 a 20 college
19 a 21 education
20 college 21 education
22 to 23 report
23 report 25 visit
24 a 25 visit
25 visit 26 to
25 visit 33 %
26 to 30 provider
27 an 30 provider
28 eye 29 care
29 care 30 provider
31 ( 33 %
32 62.9 33 %
33 % 34 vs
33 % 39 <
33 % 42 )
34 vs 36 %
35 80.8 36 %
38 p 39 <
39 < 41 001
43 or 44 dilated
43 or 46 examination
45 eye 46 examination
46 examination 49 %
47 ( 49 %
48 64.8 49 %
49 % 50 vs
49 % 53 ;
50 vs 52 %
51 81.4 52 %
53 ; 54 p
53 ; 55 <
54 p 55 <
56 . 57 001
56 . 59 )(

conclusions and relevance : significant differences in the use of eye care services by sep persist among us adults with eye diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 6 differences
4 : 16 persist
5 significant 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 16 persist
7 in 9 use
8 the 9 use
9 use 10 of
9 use 14 by
10 of 13 services
11 eye 13 services
12 care 13 services
14 by 15 sep
16 persist 17 among
16 persist 20 with
17 among 19 adults
18 us 19 adults
20 with 22 diseases
21 eye 22 diseases

the concept of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) in the general population has received increased attention over recent years , and is associated with risk of progression to alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 concept
2 concept 3 of
2 concept 10 in
2 concept 22 and
3 of 6 impairment
4 mild 6 impairment
5 cognitive 6 impairment
6 impairment 8 mci
7 ( 8 mci
8 mci 9 )
10 in 13 population
11 the 13 population
12 general 13 population
14 has 15 received
14 has 22 and
15 received 17 attention
15 received 18 over
16 increased 17 attention
18 over 20 years
19 recent 20 years
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 is
23 is 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
27 of 28 progression
28 progression 29 to
29 to 32 disease
30 alzheimer 31 's
31 's 32 disease

within parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , mci ( pd - mci ) is also now recognised to be relatively common , with certain [subtypes] predicting progression to parkinson 's disease dementia ( pdd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
1 within 4 disease
1 within 8 ,
1 within 9 mci
2 parkinson 3 's
3 's 4 disease
4 disease 6 pd
5 ( 6 pd
6 pd 7 )
9 mci 11 pd
9 mci 15 is
10 ( 11 pd
11 pd 13 mci
11 pd 14 )
12 - 13 mci
13 mci 14 )
15 is 18 recognised
16 also 18 recognised
17 now 18 recognised
18 recognised 19 to
19 to 20 be
20 be 22 common
21 relatively 22 common
22 common 24 with
23 , 24 with
24 with 28 progression
24 with 29 to
24 with 37 .
25 certain 28 progression
27 predicting 28 progression
29 to 33 dementia
30 parkinson 31 's
31 's 33 dementia
32 disease 33 dementia
33 dementia 35 pdd
34 ( 35 pdd
35 pdd 36 )

recently , criteria to better characterise pd [-] mci and [its] subtypes have been produced by the movement disorder society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 criteria
3 criteria 4 to
3 criteria 12 subtypes
3 criteria 13 have
4 to 10 and
5 better 6 characterise
6 characterise 7 pd
6 characterise 10 and
7 pd 9 mci
10 and 12 subtypes
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 produced
15 produced 16 by
16 by 20 society
17 the 20 society
18 movement 19 disorder
19 disorder 20 society

[in] contrast to the population as a whole , where [amnestic] mci is the most common [subtype] , [non] - amnestic pd - mci [dominates] , with prominent executive and attention dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 contrast 3 to
2 contrast 6 as
2 contrast 27 with
3 to 5 population
4 the 5 population
6 as 8 whole
7 a 8 whole
8 whole 10 where
8 whole 22 pd
8 whole 24 mci
9 , 10 where
10 where 12 mci
10 where 13 is
10 where 18 ,
12 mci 13 is
13 is 15 most
13 is 16 common
14 the 15 most
20 - 22 pd
21 amnestic 22 pd
22 pd 23 -
23 - 24 mci
24 mci 26 ,
27 with 32 dysfunction
28 prominent 32 dysfunction
29 executive 30 and
30 and 31 attention
30 and 32 dysfunction

although the pathophysiology of pd - mci is poorly understood and encompasses both pd and [non] - pd pathology , it is most likely [the] result of a complex interaction between neurotransmitter dysfunction , synaptic pathology , protein aggregation and neuronal damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 although 3 pathophysiology
1 although 6 -
1 although 7 mci
2 the 3 pathophysiology
3 pathophysiology 4 of
4 of 5 pd
7 mci 8 is
8 is 11 and
9 poorly 10 understood
10 understood 11 and
11 and 12 encompasses
11 and 19 pathology
12 encompasses 13 both
14 pd 15 and
15 and 18 pd
17 - 18 pd
18 pd 19 pathology
20 , 21 it
20 , 22 is
21 it 22 is
22 is 40 and
23 most 24 likely
24 likely 26 result
26 result 27 of
26 result 34 ,
27 of 30 interaction
28 a 30 interaction
29 complex 30 interaction
30 interaction 31 between
31 between 33 dysfunction
32 neurotransmitter 33 dysfunction
34 , 36 pathology
34 , 37 ,
35 synaptic 36 pathology
37 , 39 aggregation
37 , 40 and
38 protein 39 aggregation
40 and 42 damage
41 neuronal 42 damage

determining the factors that influence the progression of these pathologies in pd and the individuals at risk of ultimately developing pdd is critical for targeted intervention and drug discovery studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 determining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 determining 3 factors
1 determining 11 in
1 determining 22 is
2 the 3 factors
3 factors 4 that
3 factors 5 influence
4 that 5 influence
5 influence 7 progression
6 the 7 progression
7 progression 8 of
8 of 10 pathologies
9 these 10 pathologies
11 in 13 and
12 pd 13 and
13 and 15 individuals
13 and 16 at
13 and 18 of
14 the 15 individuals
16 at 17 risk
18 of 21 pdd
19 ultimately 20 developing
20 developing 21 pdd
22 is 23 critical
23 critical 24 for
24 for 27 and
25 targeted 26 intervention
26 intervention 27 and
27 and 30 studies
28 drug 30 studies
29 discovery 30 studies

further work is required , however , to determine the significance of pd - mci and also to validate the diagnostic criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 further 2 work
2 work 3 is
3 is 16 and
4 required 6 however
4 required 8 to
4 required 15 mci
4 required 16 and
5 , 6 however
6 however 7 ,
7 , 8 to
8 to 9 determine
8 to 14 -
9 determine 11 significance
10 the 11 significance
11 significance 12 of
12 of 13 pd
16 and 18 to
16 and 19 validate
17 also 18 to
18 to 19 validate
19 validate 22 criteria
20 the 22 criteria
21 diagnostic 22 criteria

this would be best delivered in the form of longitudinal studies in homogenous cohorts of pd participants , to allow prognostication and generalisation among the pd population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 delivered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 would
2 would 3 be
3 be 4 best
3 be 5 delivered
5 delivered 6 in
5 delivered 12 in
6 in 8 form
7 the 8 form
8 form 9 of
9 of 11 studies
10 longitudinal 11 studies
12 in 14 cohorts
13 homogenous 14 cohorts
14 cohorts 15 of
15 of 17 participants
16 pd 17 participants
18 , 19 to
18 , 20 allow
19 to 20 allow
20 allow 22 and
20 allow 27 population
21 prognostication 22 and
22 and 23 generalisation
22 and 24 among
24 among 26 pd
25 the 26 pd

at the present time , no drug therapies are available for pd - mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 8 therapies
2 the 4 time
3 present 4 time
6 no 8 therapies
7 drug 8 therapies
8 therapies 9 are
9 are 10 available
10 available 11 for
11 for 12 pd
13 - 14 mci

management includes screening for the disorder , excluding treatable causes of cognitive [decline] and cautious use of dopamine agonists and medications such as anticholinergics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 includes
1 management 2 includes
2 includes 3 screening
2 includes 4 for
2 includes 8 excluding
4 for 6 disorder
5 the 6 disorder
7 , 8 excluding
8 excluding 20 and
8 excluding 25 .
9 treatable 10 causes
10 causes 11 of
10 causes 20 and
11 of 16 use
12 cognitive 14 and
14 and 15 cautious
14 and 16 use
16 use 17 of
17 of 19 agonists
18 dopamine 19 agonists
20 and 21 medications
20 and 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 anticholinergics

sirtuin 3 ( sirt3 ) , a major mitochondrial nad [(] [+] ) - dependent deacetylase , targets various mitochondrial proteins for lysine deacetylation and regulates important cellular functions such as energy metabolism , aging , and stress response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 sirtuin 2 3
2 3 4 sirt3
2 3 10 nad
2 3 16 deacetylase
2 3 25 and
3 ( 4 sirt3
4 sirt3 5 )
6 , 10 nad
7 a 8 major
7 a 10 nad
8 major 10 nad
9 mitochondrial 10 nad
10 nad 13 )
14 - 16 deacetylase
15 dependent 16 deacetylase
16 deacetylase 17 ,
18 targets 21 proteins
18 targets 22 for
18 targets 25 and
19 various 21 proteins
20 mitochondrial 21 proteins
22 for 24 deacetylation
23 lysine 24 deacetylation
25 and 26 regulates
26 regulates 37 and
27 important 29 functions
28 cellular 29 functions
29 functions 31 as
29 functions 37 and
30 such 31 as
31 as 33 metabolism
32 energy 33 metabolism
33 metabolism 35 aging
34 , 35 aging
35 aging 36 ,
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 response
38 stress 39 response

in this study , we identified the human 8 - oxoguanine - dna glycosylase 1 ( ogg1 ) , a dna repair enzyme that excises 7,8 - dihydro - 8 - oxoguanine ( 8 - oxog ) from damaged [genome] , as a new target protein for sirt3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 identified
6 identified 8 human
6 identified 42 as
7 the 8 human
8 human 9 8
8 human 11 oxoguanine
8 human 14 glycosylase
10 - 11 oxoguanine
11 oxoguanine 12 -
12 - 14 glycosylase
13 dna 14 glycosylase
14 glycosylase 15 1
14 glycosylase 17 ogg1
14 glycosylase 23 enzyme
14 glycosylase 41 ,
16 ( 17 ogg1
17 ogg1 18 )
19 , 23 enzyme
20 a 23 enzyme
21 dna 23 enzyme
22 repair 23 enzyme
23 enzyme 24 that
23 enzyme 38 from
23 enzyme 39 damaged
23 enzyme 41 ,
24 that 25 excises
25 excises 26 7,8
25 excises 38 from
26 7,8 28 dihydro
26 7,8 31 -
26 7,8 36 oxog
27 - 28 dihydro
28 dihydro 29 -
29 - 31 -
30 8 31 -
31 - 32 oxoguanine
31 - 35 -
32 oxoguanine 34 8
33 ( 34 8
34 8 35 -
35 - 36 oxog
36 oxog 37 )
42 as 46 protein
43 a 46 protein
44 new 46 protein
45 target 46 protein
46 protein 47 for
47 for 48 sirt3

we found that sirt3 physically associated with ogg1 and deacetylated this dna glycosylase and that deacetylation by sirt3 prevented the degradation of the ogg1 protein and controlled its incision activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 14 and
3 that 4 sirt3
3 that 9 and
3 that 14 and
4 sirt3 9 and
5 physically 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 9 and
7 with 8 ogg1
9 and 10 deacetylated
10 deacetylated 13 glycosylase
11 this 13 glycosylase
12 dna 13 glycosylase
14 and 15 that
15 that 16 deacetylation
15 that 26 and
16 deacetylation 17 by
16 deacetylation 26 and
17 by 18 sirt3
19 prevented 21 degradation
19 prevented 26 and
20 the 21 degradation
21 degradation 22 of
22 of 25 protein
23 the 25 protein
24 ogg1 25 protein
26 and 27 controlled
27 controlled 30 activity
28 its 30 activity
29 incision 30 activity

we further showed that regulation of the acetylation and turnover of ogg1 by sirt3 played a critical role in repairing mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) damage , protecting mitochondrial integrity , and preventing apoptotic cell death under oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 3 showed
2 further 3 showed
3 showed 5 regulation
3 showed 18 role
3 showed 32 and
4 that 5 regulation
5 regulation 6 of
5 regulation 11 of
5 regulation 13 by
6 of 9 and
7 the 8 acetylation
8 acetylation 9 and
9 and 10 turnover
11 of 12 ogg1
13 by 14 sirt3
14 sirt3 15 played
16 a 17 critical
16 a 18 role
17 critical 18 role
18 role 19 in
18 role 26 damage
19 in 22 dna
20 repairing 22 dna
21 mitochondrial 22 dna
23 ( 26 damage
24 mtdna 25 )
24 mtdna 26 damage
26 damage 28 protecting
26 damage 31 ,
27 , 28 protecting
28 protecting 30 integrity
28 protecting 31 ,
29 mitochondrial 30 integrity
31 , 32 and
32 and 36 death
33 preventing 36 death
34 apoptotic 35 cell
35 cell 36 death
36 death 37 under
37 under 39 stress
38 oxidative 39 stress

we observed that following ionizing radiation , human tumor cells with silencing of sirt3 expression exhibited deteriorated oxidative damage of mtdna , as measured by the accumulation of 8 - oxog and 4977 common deletion , and showed more severe mitochondrial dysfunction and underwent greater apoptosis in comparison with the cells without silencing of sirt3 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 6 radiation
3 that 4 following
4 following 6 radiation
5 ionizing 6 radiation
7 , 10 cells
7 , 37 and
8 human 10 cells
9 tumor 10 cells
10 cells 11 with
10 cells 13 of
10 cells 16 exhibited
10 cells 37 and
11 with 12 silencing
13 of 15 expression
14 sirt3 15 expression
17 deteriorated 19 damage
17 deteriorated 37 and
18 oxidative 19 damage
19 damage 20 of
19 damage 25 by
19 damage 28 of
20 of 21 mtdna
21 mtdna 24 measured
22 , 24 measured
23 as 24 measured
25 by 27 accumulation
26 the 27 accumulation
28 of 29 8
29 8 32 and
30 - 32 and
31 oxog 32 and
32 and 35 deletion
32 and 36 ,
33 4977 35 deletion
34 common 35 deletion
37 and 43 and
37 and 52 without
38 showed 42 dysfunction
38 showed 43 and
39 more 40 severe
40 severe 42 dysfunction
41 mitochondrial 42 dysfunction
43 and 44 underwent
44 underwent 46 apoptosis
44 underwent 47 in
45 greater 46 apoptosis
47 in 48 comparison
48 comparison 49 with
49 with 51 cells
50 the 51 cells
52 without 53 silencing
53 silencing 54 of
54 of 56 expression
55 sirt3 56 expression

the results reported here [not] only reveal a new function and mechanism for sirt3 in defending the mitochondrial genome against oxidative damage and protecting from the genotoxic stress - induced apoptotic cell death but also provide evidence supporting a new mtdna repair pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 reported
2 results 7 reveal
3 reported 4 here
3 reported 6 only
7 reveal 11 and
7 reveal 13 for
7 reveal 15 in
7 reveal 20 against
7 reveal 25 from
8 a 9 new
8 a 10 function
9 new 10 function
10 function 11 and
11 and 12 mechanism
13 for 14 sirt3
15 in 16 defending
16 defending 19 genome
17 the 19 genome
18 mitochondrial 19 genome
20 against 23 and
21 oxidative 22 damage
22 damage 23 and
23 and 24 protecting
25 from 28 stress
26 the 28 stress
27 genotoxic 28 stress
29 - 34 but
29 - 44 .
30 induced 33 death
30 induced 34 but
31 apoptotic 32 cell
32 cell 33 death
34 but 36 provide
35 also 36 provide
36 provide 37 evidence
37 evidence 38 supporting
38 supporting 43 pathway
39 a 43 pathway
40 new 41 mtdna
41 mtdna 42 repair
42 repair 43 pathway

senescence is a cellular response to damage and stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 senescence 2 is
2 is 5 response
3 a 4 cellular
3 a 5 response
4 cellular 5 response
5 response 6 to
6 to 8 and
7 damage 8 and
8 and 9 stress

the senescence response prevents cancer by suppressing the proliferation of cells with a [compromised] genome and contributes to optimal wound healing in normal tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 response
2 senescence 3 response
3 response 16 and
4 prevents 5 cancer
4 prevents 6 by
4 prevents 16 and
6 by 7 suppressing
7 suppressing 9 proliferation
7 suppressing 12 with
8 the 9 proliferation
9 proliferation 10 of
10 of 11 cells
12 with 15 genome
13 a 15 genome
16 and 17 contributes
16 and 18 to
16 and 22 in
18 to 21 healing
19 optimal 20 wound
20 wound 21 healing
22 in 24 tissues
23 normal 24 tissues

persistent senescent cells are also thought to drive aging and age - associated pathologies through their secretion of inflammatory factors that modify the tissue microenvironment and alter the function of nearby normal or transformed cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 persistent 2 senescent
2 senescent 3 cells
2 senescent 4 are
2 senescent 6 thought
2 senescent 13 associated
2 senescent 14 pathologies
3 cells 4 are
4 are 5 also
6 thought 7 to
6 thought 10 and
6 thought 13 associated
7 to 8 drive
9 aging 10 and
10 and 11 age
10 and 12 -
10 and 13 associated
14 pathologies 15 through
14 pathologies 33 or
15 through 17 secretion
16 their 17 secretion
17 secretion 18 of
17 secretion 30 of
18 of 20 factors
19 inflammatory 20 factors
20 factors 21 that
20 factors 26 and
21 that 26 and
22 modify 25 microenvironment
22 modify 26 and
23 the 25 microenvironment
24 tissue 25 microenvironment
26 and 27 alter
27 alter 29 function
28 the 29 function
30 of 31 nearby
32 normal 33 or
33 or 35 cells
34 transformed 35 cells

understanding how senescent cells alter the microenvironment would be aided by the ability to induce or eliminate senescent cells at will in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 understanding 2 how
1 understanding 8 would
2 how 4 cells
2 how 5 alter
3 senescent 4 cells
4 cells 5 alter
5 alter 7 microenvironment
6 the 7 microenvironment
8 would 16 or
9 be 10 aided
9 be 16 or
10 aided 11 by
11 by 13 ability
12 the 13 ability
13 ability 14 to
13 ability 15 induce
14 to 15 induce
16 or 17 eliminate
17 eliminate 19 cells
17 eliminate 20 at
17 eliminate 23 vivo
18 senescent 19 cells
20 at 21 will
22 in 23 vivo

here , we combine the use of the synthetic nucleoside analog ganciclovir ( gcv ) with herpes simplex virus thymidine [kinase] ( hsvtk ) activity to create or eliminate senescent human cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 28 or
4 combine 6 use
4 combine 16 with
4 combine 28 or
5 the 6 use
6 use 7 of
6 use 14 gcv
7 of 12 ganciclovir
8 the 12 ganciclovir
9 synthetic 10 nucleoside
10 nucleoside 12 ganciclovir
11 analog 12 ganciclovir
13 ( 14 gcv
14 gcv 15 )
16 with 20 thymidine
16 with 25 activity
17 herpes 18 simplex
18 simplex 20 thymidine
19 virus 20 thymidine
20 thymidine 23 hsvtk
22 ( 23 hsvtk
23 hsvtk 24 )
25 activity 26 to
25 activity 27 create
26 to 27 create
28 or 29 eliminate
28 or 32 cells
29 eliminate 30 senescent
31 human 32 cells

we show that low concentrations of gcv induce senescence through the accumulation of nuclear dna damage while higher concentrations of gcv , similar to those used in vivo , kill [non] - dividing senescent cells via mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) damage and caspase - dependent apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 4 low
2 show 5 concentrations
2 show 8 induce
3 that 4 low
5 concentrations 6 of
5 concentrations 8 induce
6 of 7 gcv
8 induce 9 senescence
8 induce 10 through
8 induce 17 while
10 through 12 accumulation
11 the 12 accumulation
12 accumulation 13 of
13 of 16 damage
14 nuclear 16 damage
15 dna 16 damage
17 while 19 concentrations
17 while 30 kill
18 higher 19 concentrations
19 concentrations 20 of
19 concentrations 30 kill
20 of 21 gcv
21 gcv 23 similar
22 , 23 similar
23 similar 24 to
23 similar 28 vivo
23 similar 29 ,
24 to 25 those
25 those 26 used
27 in 28 vivo
30 kill 33 dividing
30 kill 47 apoptosis
32 - 33 dividing
33 dividing 35 cells
33 dividing 45 -
34 senescent 35 cells
35 cells 36 via
36 via 43 and
37 mitochondrial 42 damage
38 dna 40 mtdna
38 dna 42 damage
39 ( 40 mtdna
40 mtdna 41 )
42 damage 43 and
43 and 44 caspase
46 dependent 47 apoptosis

using this system , we effectively eliminated xenografted normal human senescent fibroblasts or induced senescence in human breast cancer cells in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 using 3 system
1 using 4 ,
1 using 5 we
2 this 3 system
5 we 13 or
6 effectively 7 eliminated
7 eliminated 12 fibroblasts
7 eliminated 13 or
8 xenografted 12 fibroblasts
9 normal 12 fibroblasts
10 human 12 fibroblasts
11 senescent 12 fibroblasts
13 or 14 induced
14 induced 15 senescence
14 induced 16 in
14 induced 22 vivo
16 in 20 cells
17 human 18 breast
18 breast 20 cells
19 cancer 20 cells
21 in 22 vivo

thus , cellular senescence and mtdna damage are outcomes of synthetic nucleoside analog treatment , indicating that the gcv [-] hsvtk combination can be used effectively to promote the targeted formation or eradication of senescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 and
3 cellular 4 senescence
4 senescence 5 and
5 and 7 damage
5 and 8 are
6 mtdna 7 damage
8 are 9 outcomes
9 outcomes 10 of
10 of 14 treatment
11 synthetic 12 nucleoside
12 nucleoside 14 treatment
13 analog 14 treatment
15 , 16 indicating
15 , 25 used
16 indicating 17 that
16 indicating 24 be
17 that 22 combination
17 that 23 can
18 the 22 combination
19 gcv 21 hsvtk
21 hsvtk 22 combination
22 combination 23 can
24 be 25 used
25 used 26 effectively
25 used 27 to
25 used 28 promote
27 to 28 promote
28 promote 32 or
29 the 31 formation
30 targeted 31 formation
31 formation 32 or
32 or 33 eradication
32 or 34 of
34 of 36 cells
35 senescent 36 cells

background : early - life [lead] ( pb ) exposure induces overexpression of the amyloid beta precursor protein and its amyloid beta product in older rats and primates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 10 exposure
2 : 11 induces
3 early 5 life
3 early 10 exposure
4 - 5 life
5 life 8 pb
5 life 9 )
7 ( 8 pb
8 pb 9 )
10 exposure 11 induces
11 induces 12 overexpression
11 induces 24 in
12 overexpression 13 of
13 of 19 and
14 the 18 protein
15 amyloid 16 beta
16 beta 18 protein
17 precursor 18 protein
18 protein 19 and
19 and 23 product
20 its 23 product
21 amyloid 22 beta
22 beta 23 product
24 in 27 and
25 older 26 rats
26 rats 27 and
27 and 28 primates

we exposed rodents to pb during different life span periods and examined cognitive function in old age and its impact on biomarkers associated with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 exposed
2 exposed 3 rodents
2 exposed 6 during
3 rodents 4 to
4 to 5 pb
6 during 11 and
7 different 8 life
8 life 10 periods
9 span 10 periods
10 periods 11 and
11 and 14 function
11 and 15 in
12 examined 14 function
13 cognitive 14 function
15 in 17 age
16 old 17 age
18 and 20 impact
18 and 23 associated
19 its 20 impact
20 impact 21 on
20 impact 23 associated
21 on 22 biomarkers
23 associated 24 with
24 with 27 disease
25 alzheimer 26 's
26 's 27 disease
27 disease 29 ad
28 ( 29 ad
29 ad 30 )

methods : morris , y , and the elevated plus mazes were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 morris
4 , 7 and
4 , 13 used
5 y 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 11 mazes
7 and 12 were
8 the 11 mazes
9 elevated 11 mazes
10 plus 11 mazes
12 were 13 used

western [blot] , quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qpcr ) , and enzyme [-] linked immunosorbent assay were used to study the levels of ad biomarkers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 western 7 reaction
1 western 12 and
3 , 7 reaction
4 quantitative 5 polymerase
5 polymerase 7 reaction
6 chain 7 reaction
7 reaction 9 qpcr
7 reaction 10 )
8 ( 9 qpcr
9 qpcr 10 )
11 , 12 and
12 and 17 assay
12 and 18 were
13 enzyme 15 linked
15 linked 17 assay
16 immunosorbent 17 assay
18 were 19 used
19 used 20 to
19 used 21 study
20 to 21 study
21 study 23 levels
22 the 23 levels
23 levels 24 of
24 of 26 biomarkers
25 ad 26 biomarkers

results : cognitive impairment was observed in mice exposed as infants but not as adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 impairment
2 : 6 observed
2 : 16 .
3 cognitive 4 impairment
4 impairment 5 was
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 7 in
6 observed 10 as
6 observed 12 but
6 observed 14 as
7 in 8 mice
8 mice 9 exposed
10 as 11 infants
12 but 13 not
14 as 15 adults

overexpression of ad - related genes ( amyloid beta precursor protein and β - site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 ) and their products , as well as their transcriptional regulator - specificity protein 1 ( sp1 ) - occurred only in older mice with developmental exposure to pb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 overexpression 2 of
1 overexpression 23 and
2 of 3 ad
3 ad 6 genes
3 ad 18 protein
4 - 6 genes
5 related 6 genes
6 genes 12 and
6 genes 14 -
7 ( 12 and
8 amyloid 9 beta
9 beta 11 protein
10 precursor 11 protein
11 protein 12 and
12 and 13 β
12 and 14 -
14 - 18 protein
15 site 16 amyloid
16 amyloid 18 protein
17 precursor 18 protein
18 protein 19 cleaving
18 protein 22 )
19 cleaving 20 enzyme
20 enzyme 21 1
23 and 25 products
23 and 29 as
23 and 41 occurred
24 their 25 products
26 , 29 as
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
29 as 32 regulator
29 as 40 -
30 their 32 regulator
31 transcriptional 32 regulator
32 regulator 35 protein
33 - 35 protein
34 specificity 35 protein
35 protein 36 1
35 protein 38 sp1
35 protein 39 )
37 ( 38 sp1
38 sp1 39 )
41 occurred 42 only
41 occurred 46 with
42 only 43 in
43 in 45 mice
44 older 45 mice
46 with 48 exposure
47 developmental 48 exposure
48 exposure 49 to
49 to 50 pb

conclusions : a window of vulnerability to pb neurotoxicity exists in the developing brain that can influence ad pathogenesis and cognitive decline in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 window
2 : 10 exists
3 a 4 window
4 window 5 of
4 window 7 to
4 window 10 exists
5 of 6 vulnerability
7 to 9 neurotoxicity
8 pb 9 neurotoxicity
10 exists 11 in
10 exists 23 in
11 in 14 brain
12 the 14 brain
13 developing 14 brain
14 brain 15 that
14 brain 17 influence
15 that 16 can
16 can 17 influence
17 influence 20 and
18 ad 19 pathogenesis
19 pathogenesis 20 and
20 and 22 decline
21 cognitive 22 decline
23 in 25 age
24 old 25 age

objective : to examine [how] the experience of a negative health event ( i.e [.] , onset of heart disease , diabetes , lung disease , cancer , or stroke ) of one spouse affects the mental and physical well - being of the other partner as measured by depressive symptoms and self - reported health . 
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 7 experience
6 the 7 experience
7 experience 8 of
8 of 17 onset
9 a 17 onset
10 negative 16 ,
10 negative 17 onset
11 health 12 event
12 event 14 i.e
13 ( 14 i.e
14 i.e 16 ,
17 onset 18 of
18 of 20 disease
19 heart 20 disease
20 disease 29 or
20 disease 32 of
21 , 29 or
22 diabetes 23 ,
23 , 25 disease
23 , 26 ,
24 lung 25 disease
26 , 27 cancer
26 , 29 or
28 , 29 or
29 or 30 stroke
29 or 31 )
32 of 33 one
33 one 34 spouse
33 one 35 affects
34 spouse 35 affects
35 affects 46 partner
36 the 37 mental
37 mental 38 and
38 and 40 well
38 and 41 -
38 and 42 being
38 and 46 partner
39 physical 40 well
42 being 43 of
43 of 45 other
44 the 45 other
46 partner 47 as
47 as 52 and
48 measured 49 by
48 measured 52 and
49 by 51 symptoms
50 depressive 51 symptoms
52 and 53 self
52 and 54 -
52 and 56 health
54 - 56 health
55 reported 56 health
56 health 57 .

methods : we employ latent growth curve analysis and examine adults 50+ using six waves of data ( 1998 - 2008 ) from the health and retirement study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 9 and
3 we 9 and
4 employ 8 analysis
4 employ 9 and
5 latent 8 analysis
6 growth 8 analysis
7 curve 8 analysis
9 and 10 examine
9 and 23 from
10 examine 11 adults
10 examine 12 50+
11 adults 12 50+
12 50+ 13 using
12 50+ 20 -
13 using 15 waves
14 six 15 waves
15 waves 16 of
16 of 17 data
18 ( 20 -
19 1998 20 -
20 - 21 2008
20 - 22 )
23 from 28 study
24 the 28 study
25 health 26 and
26 and 27 retirement
27 retirement 28 study

results : one spouse 's health shock affects the health of the other partner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 shock
2 : 8 affects
2 : 15 .
3 one 4 spouse
4 spouse 5 's
5 's 7 shock
6 health 7 shock
7 shock 8 affects
8 affects 10 health
9 the 10 health
10 health 11 of
11 of 14 partner
12 the 13 other
13 other 14 partner

results indicate that a spouse 's onset of a severe health condition worsens the mental health of women and the self - reported health of men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 reported
1 results 2 indicate
2 indicate 3 that
3 that 7 onset
3 that 13 worsens
4 a 5 spouse
5 spouse 6 's
6 's 7 onset
7 onset 8 of
7 onset 13 worsens
8 of 12 condition
9 a 12 condition
10 severe 11 health
11 health 12 condition
13 worsens 19 and
14 the 16 health
15 mental 16 health
16 health 17 of
16 health 19 and
17 of 18 women
19 and 21 self
20 the 21 self
22 - 23 reported
23 reported 24 health
23 reported 27 .
24 health 25 of
25 of 26 men

discussion : these findings illustrate that the family context of spouses is important to consider when examining health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 12 is
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 illustrate
5 illustrate 6 that
7 the 9 context
8 family 9 context
9 context 10 of
9 context 12 is
10 of 11 spouses
12 is 13 important
13 important 14 to
13 important 15 consider
14 to 15 consider
15 consider 16 when
16 when 17 examining
17 examining 18 health

objectives : adults hold negative attitudes toward sexual expression in late life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 6 attitudes
3 adults 6 attitudes
4 hold 6 attitudes
5 negative 6 attitudes
6 attitudes 7 toward
7 toward 9 expression
8 sexual 9 expression
9 expression 10 in
10 in 12 life
11 late 12 life

we investigated knowledge and attitudes about older adult sexuality and dementia among staff in nursing homes ( nhs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 and
2 investigated 6 about
2 investigated 12 among
2 investigated 14 in
3 knowledge 4 and
4 and 5 attitudes
6 about 10 and
7 older 8 adult
8 adult 9 sexuality
9 sexuality 10 and
10 and 11 dementia
12 among 13 staff
14 in 15 nursing
15 nursing 16 homes
16 homes 18 nhs
17 ( 18 nhs
18 nhs 19 )

method : we acquired staff demographics , knowledge of dementia and sexuality , and attitudes of sexuality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 acquired
2 : 7 ,
2 : 18 .
3 we 4 acquired
4 acquired 6 demographics
5 staff 6 demographics
7 , 14 and
8 knowledge 9 of
8 knowledge 11 and
9 of 10 dementia
11 and 12 sexuality
11 and 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 attitudes
14 and 16 of
16 of 17 sexuality

staff participated in focus groups and received continuing education credit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 staff
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 staff 2 participated
2 participated 3 in
3 in 4 focus
4 focus 6 and
4 focus 8 continuing
5 groups 6 and
6 and 7 received
8 continuing 10 credit
9 education 10 credit

results : the three nhs had an average census of 178 beds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 nhs
2 : 6 had
2 : 13 .
3 the 4 three
4 three 5 nhs
5 nhs 6 had
6 had 9 census
7 an 8 average
7 an 9 census
8 average 9 census
9 census 10 of
10 of 12 beds
11 178 12 beds

participants ['] ( n=100 ) mean age was 38.53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 participants 4 n=100
1 participants 6 mean
3 ( 4 n=100
4 n=100 5 )
6 mean 7 age
6 mean 8 was
7 age 8 was
8 was 9 38.53

the most common type of sexual contact reported was [nondemented] male with nondemented female ( 67.5 % ) , followed [by] demented male [with] demented female [(] 53.6 [%] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 contact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 )(
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 type
3 common 4 type
4 type 5 of
4 type 7 contact
5 of 7 contact
6 sexual 7 contact
7 contact 8 reported
7 contact 9 was
9 was 11 male
11 male 12 with
12 with 26 female
13 nondemented 26 female
14 female 17 %
14 female 19 ,
14 female 26 female
15 ( 17 %
16 67.5 17 %
17 % 18 )
20 followed 26 female
22 demented 26 female
23 male 26 female
25 demented 26 female
26 female 28 53.6

participants endorsed neutral attitudes about late - life sexuality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endorsed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 participants 2 endorsed
2 endorsed 4 attitudes
2 endorsed 5 about
3 neutral 4 attitudes
5 about 9 sexuality
6 late 7 -
6 late 8 life
8 life 9 sexuality

focus groups revealed a need for more training and effective interventions to balance resident safety and autonomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 focus 2 groups
2 groups 3 revealed
3 revealed 5 need
3 revealed 6 for
3 revealed 12 to
4 a 5 need
6 for 9 and
7 more 8 training
8 training 9 and
9 and 11 interventions
10 effective 11 interventions
12 to 16 and
13 balance 14 resident
14 resident 15 safety
15 safety 16 and
16 and 17 autonomy

discussion : staffs ' knowledge of sexuality and dementia , desire for guidance in " managing " sexual expression , and neutral attitudes toward late - life sexuality supports the need for educational interventions on sexuality and dementia in nh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 8 and
2 : 10 ,
3 staffs 4 '
4 ' 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 of
5 knowledge 8 and
6 of 7 sexuality
8 and 9 dementia
10 , 21 and
11 desire 12 for
11 desire 14 in
11 desire 21 and
12 for 13 guidance
14 in 15 "
14 in 16 managing
16 managing 17 "
16 managing 19 expression
18 sexual 19 expression
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 attitudes
21 and 24 toward
21 and 28 sexuality
21 and 29 supports
22 neutral 23 attitudes
24 toward 27 life
25 late 26 -
25 late 27 life
28 sexuality 29 supports
29 supports 31 need
29 supports 35 on
30 the 31 need
31 need 32 for
32 for 34 interventions
33 educational 34 interventions
35 on 37 and
36 sexuality 37 and
37 and 38 dementia
37 and 39 in
39 in 40 nh

objectives : to identify age differences in physical [activity] ( pa ) participation for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
2 : 16 .
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 6 differences
4 identify 7 in
5 age 6 differences
7 in 13 participation
8 physical 11 pa
8 physical 13 participation
10 ( 11 pa
11 pa 12 )
13 participation 14 for
14 for 15 women

methods : data from 3,952 women 25+ from the 2003 - 2006 national health and nutrition examination surveys ( nhanes ) were used to analyze participation patterns for 17 pa types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 15 and
3 data 4 from
3 data 15 and
4 from 5 3,952
5 3,952 6 women
5 3,952 7 25+
6 women 7 25+
7 25+ 8 from
8 from 14 health
9 the 11 -
10 2003 11 -
11 - 12 2006
11 - 14 health
13 national 14 health
15 and 17 examination
15 and 18 surveys
15 and 31 types
16 nutrition 17 examination
18 surveys 20 nhanes
18 surveys 22 were
19 ( 20 nhanes
20 nhanes 21 )
22 were 23 used
23 used 24 to
23 used 31 types
24 to 25 analyze
25 analyze 27 patterns
26 participation 27 patterns
27 patterns 28 for
28 for 29 17
30 pa 31 types

results : the top five leisure pas by participation [rate] for all ages were walking ( 42 % [ )(, dancing ( 20 % ) , [treadmill] ( 15 % ) , biking [(] 11 % ) , and yoga ( 10 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 39 and
3 the 4 top
3 the 6 leisure
5 five 6 leisure
6 leisure 7 pas
7 pas 8 by
7 pas 39 and
8 by 9 participation
9 participation 11 for
9 participation 15 walking
9 participation 18 %
11 for 12 all
12 all 13 ages
12 all 14 were
13 ages 14 were
16 ( 18 %
17 42 18 %
18 % 21 dancing
18 % 30 %
18 % 33 biking
18 % 38 ,
20 )(, 21 dancing
21 dancing 24 %
21 dancing 26 ,
22 ( 24 %
23 20 24 %
24 % 25 )
28 ( 30 %
29 15 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 , 33 biking
33 biking 36 %
33 biking 37 )
35 11 36 %
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 yoga
39 and 43 %
41 ( 43 %
42 10 43 %
43 % 44 )

participation in running , dancing , treadmill , and team sports declined around ages 35 to 44 , and participation in household pa , walking , weightlifting , and hiking declined around ages 55 to 64 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 declined
1 participation 2 in
1 participation 4 ,
2 in 3 running
4 , 5 dancing
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 treadmill
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 sports
9 and 12 declined
10 team 11 sports
12 declined 13 around
13 around 19 and
14 ages 16 to
14 ages 19 and
15 35 16 to
16 to 17 44
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 participation
19 and 24 ,
19 and 25 walking
19 and 29 and
20 participation 21 in
21 in 23 pa
22 household 23 pa
26 , 29 and
27 weightlifting 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 hiking
29 and 31 declined
29 and 32 around
29 and 37 .
32 around 33 ages
33 ages 35 to
34 55 35 to
35 to 36 64

at age 75+ [further] substantial [decline] in most activities occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 75+
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 at 2 age
1 at 3 75+
3 75+ 5 substantial
3 75+ 10 occurred
5 substantial 7 in
7 in 9 activities
8 most 9 activities

nativity status was the most important moderator for age - related pa decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 nativity 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 7 moderator
4 the 7 moderator
5 most 6 important
6 important 7 moderator
7 moderator 8 for
8 for 9 age
10 - 13 decline
10 - 14 .
11 related 13 decline
12 pa 13 decline

conclusions : total pa declines with age but [significant] [decline] does not occur until ages 55 to 64 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 pa
2 : 8 but
2 : 19 .
3 total 4 pa
4 pa 8 but
5 declines 6 with
5 declines 8 but
6 with 7 age
8 but 11 does
11 does 12 not
11 does 13 occur
13 occur 14 until
14 until 15 ages
15 ages 17 to
16 55 17 to
17 to 18 64

major decline in leisure pa participation starts earlier at ages 35 to 44 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 major 2 decline
2 decline 3 in
2 decline 8 earlier
2 decline 9 at
2 decline 12 to
3 in 7 starts
4 leisure 7 starts
5 pa 7 starts
6 participation 7 starts
9 at 10 ages
11 35 12 to
12 to 13 44

while age - related declining patterns differ for different activities , the top five most popular leisure activities are similar for all age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 while 2 age
1 while 3 -
1 while 6 patterns
4 related 6 patterns
5 declining 6 patterns
6 patterns 7 differ
7 differ 8 for
8 for 10 activities
9 different 10 activities
11 , 18 activities
11 , 19 are
12 the 13 top
12 the 14 five
14 five 18 activities
15 most 16 popular
16 popular 17 leisure
17 leisure 18 activities
18 activities 19 are
19 are 20 similar
20 similar 21 for
21 for 24 groups
22 all 24 groups
23 age 24 groups

the development of gastric adenocarcinoma is a complex multistep process involving multiple genetic alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 6 is
3 of 5 adenocarcinoma
4 gastric 5 adenocarcinoma
6 is 10 process
7 a 8 complex
7 a 10 process
8 complex 10 process
9 multistep 10 process
10 process 11 involving
11 involving 14 alterations
12 multiple 14 alterations
13 genetic 14 alterations

based on pathology , four different macroscopic types and at least two major histological types , intestinal and diffuse , have been described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 4 ,
1 based 9 and
2 on 3 pathology
5 four 8 types
6 different 8 types
7 macroscopic 8 types
8 types 9 and
9 and 15 types
9 and 18 and
9 and 21 have
10 at 11 least
11 least 12 two
12 two 15 types
13 major 15 types
14 histological 15 types
16 , 18 and
17 intestinal 18 and
18 and 19 diffuse
18 and 20 ,
21 have 22 been
22 been 23 described

most gastric [cancer] ( gc ) show genetic instability , either microsatellite instability or chromosomal instability , which is considered an early event in gastric carcinogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 most 9 instability
2 gastric 5 gc
2 gastric 6 )
2 gastric 7 show
4 ( 5 gc
5 gc 6 )
7 show 9 instability
8 genetic 9 instability
9 instability 10 ,
10 , 13 instability
10 , 14 or
11 either 13 instability
12 microsatellite 13 instability
14 or 16 instability
15 chromosomal 16 instability
17 , 18 which
17 , 20 considered
18 which 19 is
19 is 20 considered
20 considered 23 event
20 considered 24 in
21 an 22 early
21 an 23 event
22 early 23 event
24 in 26 carcinogenesis
25 gastric 26 carcinogenesis

molecular studies of alterations of single genes have provided evidence that intestinal and diffuse type gc evolve via different genetic pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 molecular 2 studies
2 studies 3 of
2 studies 5 of
2 studies 8 have
3 of 4 alterations
5 of 7 genes
6 single 7 genes
8 have 10 evidence
9 provided 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 that
10 evidence 17 evolve
11 that 16 gc
11 that 17 evolve
12 intestinal 13 and
13 and 14 diffuse
13 and 16 gc
15 type 16 gc
16 gc 17 evolve
17 evolve 18 via
18 via 21 pathways
19 different 21 pathways
20 genetic 21 pathways

recent results from high - throughput whole - genome expression or copy number studies have demonstrated extensive genetic diversity between cases and within individual gc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 2 results
2 results 3 from
3 from 6 throughput
4 high 5 -
4 high 6 throughput
6 throughput 11 or
6 throughput 16 demonstrated
7 whole 8 -
7 whole 9 genome
9 genome 10 expression
10 expression 11 or
11 or 14 studies
11 or 15 have
12 copy 14 studies
13 number 14 studies
15 have 16 demonstrated
16 demonstrated 19 diversity
17 extensive 19 diversity
18 genetic 19 diversity
19 diversity 22 and
20 between 21 cases
20 between 22 and
22 and 23 within
23 within 25 gc
24 individual 25 gc

sets of [commonly] up - or downregulated micrornas have been identified in gc and might be useful in the near future to identify pathways of gc progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 sets 2 of
1 sets 14 and
2 of 6 or
4 up 6 or
5 - 6 or
6 or 8 micrornas
7 downregulated 8 micrornas
9 have 10 been
9 have 14 and
10 been 11 identified
11 identified 12 in
12 in 13 gc
14 and 15 might
15 might 16 be
16 be 17 useful
17 useful 18 in
17 useful 22 to
17 useful 23 identify
18 in 21 future
19 the 21 future
20 near 21 future
22 to 23 identify
23 identify 24 pathways
24 pathways 25 of
25 of 27 progression
26 gc 27 progression

results from detailed molecular [and/or] pathological gc studies , [although] promising , still have limited clinical utility in predicting survival and stratifying gc patients for appropriate treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 from
1 results 14 have
2 from 8 studies
3 detailed 8 studies
4 molecular 8 studies
6 pathological 8 studies
7 gc 8 studies
8 studies 11 promising
9 , 11 promising
11 promising 12 ,
13 still 14 have
14 have 17 utility
14 have 18 in
15 limited 17 utility
16 clinical 17 utility
18 in 19 predicting
19 predicting 21 and
19 predicting 25 for
20 survival 21 and
21 and 24 patients
22 stratifying 24 patients
23 gc 24 patients
25 for 27 treatment
26 appropriate 27 treatment

language abilities are known to deteriorate in aging , possibly related to decreased functional and structural connectivity [within] specialized brain networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 language 2 abilities
2 abilities 3 are
3 are 4 known
4 known 5 to
4 known 6 deteriorate
5 to 6 deteriorate
6 deteriorate 7 in
7 in 8 aging
9 , 11 related
9 , 19 specialized
10 possibly 11 related
11 related 12 to
11 related 19 specialized
12 to 17 connectivity
13 decreased 17 connectivity
14 functional 15 and
15 and 16 structural
15 and 17 connectivity
19 specialized 21 networks
20 brain 21 networks

here , we investigated syntactic ability in healthy young and older adults using a comprehensive assessment of behavioral performance , task - independent functional ( fc ) [and] structural brain connectivity ( sc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 20 ,
4 investigated 6 ability
4 investigated 7 in
4 investigated 20 ,
5 syntactic 6 ability
7 in 12 adults
8 healthy 12 adults
9 young 10 and
10 and 11 older
10 and 12 adults
12 adults 13 using
12 adults 17 of
13 using 16 assessment
14 a 16 assessment
15 comprehensive 16 assessment
17 of 19 performance
18 behavioral 19 performance
20 , 21 task
22 - 31 connectivity
23 independent 30 brain
24 functional 26 fc
24 functional 27 )
24 functional 30 brain
25 ( 26 fc
26 fc 27 )
29 structural 30 brain
30 brain 31 connectivity
31 connectivity 33 sc
32 ( 33 sc
33 sc 34 )

seed - based fc originating from left pars opercularis ( part of broca 's area ) known to support syntactic processes was assessed using resting - state functional magnetic resonance imaging , and sc using fractional anisotropy from diffusion weighted imaging , in the dorsally located superior longitudinal and the ventrally located uncinate fasciculi ( slf , uf ) and forceps minor . 
1 seed 2 -
1 seed 4 fc
3 based 4 fc
4 fc 5 originating
4 fc 17 known
4 fc 22 was
5 originating 6 from
5 originating 9 opercularis
6 from 8 pars
7 left 8 pars
9 opercularis 15 area
10 ( 15 area
11 part 12 of
11 part 15 area
12 of 15 area
13 broca 14 's
14 's 15 area
15 area 16 )
17 known 18 to
17 known 19 support
18 to 19 support
19 support 21 processes
20 syntactic 21 processes
22 was 25 resting
23 assessed 25 resting
24 using 25 resting
25 resting 33 and
26 - 33 and
27 state 31 imaging
28 functional 30 resonance
29 magnetic 30 resonance
30 resonance 31 imaging
31 imaging 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 sc
33 and 35 using
33 and 40 weighted
33 and 43 in
33 and 63 .
35 using 37 anisotropy
35 using 38 from
35 using 40 weighted
36 fractional 37 anisotropy
38 from 39 diffusion
40 weighted 41 imaging
42 , 43 in
43 in 54 fasciculi
43 in 63 .
44 the 54 fasciculi
45 dorsally 46 located
46 located 47 superior
47 superior 54 fasciculi
48 longitudinal 49 and
49 and 53 uncinate
49 and 54 fasciculi
50 the 53 uncinate
51 ventrally 52 located
52 located 53 uncinate
54 fasciculi 60 and
55 ( 60 and
56 slf 58 uf
56 slf 60 and
57 , 58 uf
58 uf 59 )
60 and 62 minor
60 and 63 .
61 forceps 62 minor

young compared to older adults exhibited superior syntactic performance and stronger fc within the mainly left - lateralized syntax network , which was beneficial for performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 young
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 young 2 compared
2 compared 3 to
2 compared 10 and
2 compared 12 fc
2 compared 13 within
3 to 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 exhibited
6 exhibited 7 superior
8 syntactic 9 performance
9 performance 10 and
10 and 11 stronger
13 within 20 network
14 the 20 network
15 mainly 16 left
16 left 17 -
16 left 19 syntax
18 lateralized 19 syntax
19 syntax 20 network
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 was
22 which 23 was
23 was 24 beneficial
24 beneficial 25 for
25 for 26 performance

in contrast , in older adults , fc within the mainly left - lateralized syntax network was reduced and did not correlate with performance ; [inter] - hemispheric fc to right inferior frontal and angular gyri was detrimental for performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 fc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 fc
2 contrast 4 in
3 , 4 in
4 in 6 adults
4 in 7 ,
5 older 6 adults
8 fc 9 within
8 fc 19 and
9 within 16 network
10 the 16 network
11 mainly 12 left
12 left 13 -
12 left 15 syntax
14 lateralized 15 syntax
15 syntax 16 network
17 was 18 reduced
17 was 19 and
19 and 20 did
19 and 23 with
20 did 21 not
20 did 22 correlate
23 with 24 performance
25 ; 27 -
25 ; 37 was
27 - 28 hemispheric
28 hemispheric 37 was
29 fc 30 to
29 fc 31 right
29 fc 37 was
30 to 31 right
31 right 36 gyri
32 inferior 36 gyri
33 frontal 34 and
34 and 35 angular
34 and 36 gyri
37 was 38 detrimental
38 detrimental 39 for
39 for 40 performance

in both groups , performance was positively correlated with [inter] [-] hemispheric sc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 3 groups
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 performance
2 both 3 groups
5 performance 6 was
6 was 8 correlated
7 positively 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
9 with 13 sc
12 hemispheric 13 sc

for [intra] - hemispheric [sc] , performance correlated with structural integrity of slf in young adults and with integrity of uf in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 for 3 -
3 - 7 performance
4 hemispheric 6 ,
4 hemispheric 7 performance
7 performance 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
9 with 11 integrity
10 structural 11 integrity
11 integrity 12 of
11 integrity 22 in
12 of 13 slf
13 slf 17 and
13 slf 20 of
14 in 16 adults
14 in 17 and
15 young 16 adults
17 and 18 with
18 with 19 integrity
20 of 21 uf
22 in 24 adults
23 older 24 adults

our data show that reduced syntactic ability in older adults is associated with decreased fc within dedicated syntax networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 3 show
2 data 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 13 with
3 show 14 decreased
4 that 7 ability
4 that 12 associated
5 reduced 7 ability
6 syntactic 7 ability
7 ability 8 in
7 ability 11 is
8 in 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
14 decreased 15 fc
15 fc 16 within
16 within 19 networks
17 dedicated 18 syntax
18 syntax 19 networks

moreover , young adults showed an association of syntactic ability with structural integrity of the dorsal tract , while older adults rely more on ventral fibers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 adults
3 young 4 adults
4 adults 5 showed
5 showed 7 association
5 showed 11 with
6 an 7 association
7 association 8 of
8 of 10 ability
9 syntactic 10 ability
11 with 13 integrity
12 structural 13 integrity
13 integrity 14 of
14 of 17 tract
15 the 17 tract
16 dorsal 17 tract
18 , 21 adults
18 , 22 rely
19 while 20 older
19 while 21 adults
21 adults 22 rely
22 rely 23 more
22 rely 24 on
24 on 26 fibers
25 ventral 26 fibers

in sum , our study provided novel insight into the relationship between connectivity and syntactic performance in young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 sum
2 sum 3 ,
2 sum 5 study
4 our 5 study
5 study 6 provided
6 provided 8 insight
6 provided 9 into
6 provided 12 between
7 novel 8 insight
9 into 11 relationship
10 the 11 relationship
12 between 14 and
13 connectivity 14 and
14 and 16 performance
14 and 17 in
15 syntactic 16 performance
17 in 21 adults
18 young 19 and
19 and 20 older
19 and 21 adults

in addition to elucidating age - related changes in syntax networks and their behavioral relevance , our results contribute to a better understanding of age - related changes in functional and structural brain organization in general , an important prerequisite for developing novel strategies to counteract age - related cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 6 -
1 in 18 results
2 addition 3 to
3 to 4 elucidating
4 elucidating 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 12 and
7 related 18 results
8 changes 9 in
8 changes 12 and
9 in 11 networks
10 syntax 11 networks
12 and 15 relevance
12 and 16 ,
13 their 15 relevance
14 behavioral 15 relevance
17 our 18 results
18 results 19 contribute
19 contribute 20 to
20 to 23 understanding
21 a 23 understanding
22 better 23 understanding
23 understanding 24 of
24 of 25 age
26 - 27 related
27 related 28 changes
28 changes 29 in
29 in 34 organization
30 functional 31 and
31 and 32 structural
31 and 34 organization
33 brain 34 organization
34 organization 36 general
34 organization 40 prerequisite
35 in 36 general
37 , 40 prerequisite
38 an 40 prerequisite
39 important 40 prerequisite
40 prerequisite 41 for
40 prerequisite 48 -
41 for 42 developing
42 developing 44 strategies
43 novel 44 strategies
44 strategies 45 to
44 strategies 46 counteract
45 to 46 counteract
46 counteract 47 age
48 - 51 decline
48 - 52 .
49 related 51 decline
50 cognitive 51 decline

new evidence shows that older adults need more dietary protein than do younger adults to support good health , promote recovery from illness , and maintain functionality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 new 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 shows
3 shows 4 that
3 shows 6 adults
3 shows 7 need
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 need
7 need 10 protein
7 need 11 than
7 need 15 to
7 need 19 ,
8 more 9 dietary
9 dietary 10 protein
11 than 12 do
12 do 14 adults
13 younger 14 adults
15 to 19 ,
16 support 18 health
16 support 19 ,
17 good 18 health
19 , 25 and
20 promote 21 recovery
20 promote 25 and
21 recovery 22 from
22 from 23 illness
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 maintain
26 maintain 27 functionality

older people need to make up for age - related changes in protein metabolism , such as high splanchnic extraction and declining anabolic responses to ingested protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 older 2 people
2 people 3 need
3 need 4 to
3 need 5 make
4 to 5 make
5 make 6 up
5 make 7 for
7 for 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 21 and
10 related 25 to
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 15 ,
12 in 14 metabolism
13 protein 14 metabolism
15 , 20 extraction
15 , 21 and
16 such 20 extraction
17 as 18 high
18 high 20 extraction
19 splanchnic 20 extraction
21 and 24 responses
22 declining 24 responses
23 anabolic 24 responses
25 to 27 protein
26 ingested 27 protein

they also need more protein to offset inflammatory and catabolic conditions associated with chronic and acute diseases that occur commonly with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 offset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 they 3 need
2 also 3 need
3 need 5 protein
3 need 6 to
4 more 5 protein
6 to 7 offset
7 offset 11 conditions
7 offset 13 with
8 inflammatory 9 and
9 and 10 catabolic
9 and 11 conditions
11 conditions 12 associated
13 with 17 diseases
13 with 20 commonly
13 with 21 with
14 chronic 15 and
15 and 16 acute
15 and 17 diseases
17 diseases 18 that
17 diseases 19 occur
18 that 19 occur
21 with 22 aging

with the goal of developing updated , evidence - based recommendations for optimal protein intake by older people , the european union geriatric medicine society ( eugms ) , in cooperation with other scientific organizations , appointed an international study group to review dietary protein needs with aging ( prot - age study group ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 recommendations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 appointed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 with 3 goal
1 with 10 based
1 with 11 recommendations
2 the 3 goal
3 goal 4 of
3 goal 8 evidence
4 of 5 developing
5 developing 6 updated
7 , 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 -
11 recommendations 12 for
11 recommendations 27 eugms
11 recommendations 37 appointed
12 for 15 intake
13 optimal 14 protein
14 protein 15 intake
15 intake 16 by
16 by 18 people
17 older 18 people
19 , 27 eugms
20 the 21 european
21 european 27 eugms
22 union 23 geriatric
23 geriatric 24 medicine
24 medicine 25 society
25 society 27 eugms
26 ( 27 eugms
27 eugms 28 )
27 eugms 30 in
27 eugms 36 ,
29 , 30 in
30 in 31 cooperation
30 in 36 ,
31 cooperation 32 with
32 with 35 organizations
33 other 35 organizations
34 scientific 35 organizations
37 appointed 41 group
37 appointed 46 needs
38 an 41 group
39 international 41 group
40 study 41 group
41 group 42 to
41 group 43 review
42 to 43 review
43 review 45 protein
44 dietary 45 protein
46 needs 47 with
46 needs 50 prot
47 with 48 aging
49 ( 50 prot
50 prot 54 group
50 prot 55 )
51 - 54 group
52 age 53 study
53 study 54 group
54 group 55 )

to help older people ( >65 years [ )( and [regain] lean body mass and function , the prot - age study group recommends average daily intake at least in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 g protein per kilogram of body weight per day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 to 2 help
2 help 4 people
3 older 4 people
4 people 15 and
5 ( 15 and
6 >65 7 years
7 years 10 and
10 and 14 mass
10 and 15 and
12 lean 14 mass
13 body 14 mass
15 and 16 function
15 and 17 ,
17 , 23 group
17 , 24 recommends
18 the 23 group
19 prot 21 age
20 - 21 age
21 age 23 group
22 study 23 group
23 group 24 recommends
24 recommends 27 intake
24 recommends 29 least
24 recommends 30 in
25 average 27 intake
26 daily 27 intake
28 at 29 least
30 in 32 range
31 the 32 range
32 range 33 of
33 of 38 protein
34 1.0 35 to
35 to 36 1.2
35 to 37 g
37 g 38 protein
38 protein 39 per
38 protein 41 of
39 per 40 kilogram
41 of 43 weight
42 body 43 weight
43 weight 44 per
44 per 45 day

both endurance - and resistance - type exercises are recommended at individualized levels that are safe and tolerated , and higher protein intake ( ie , ≥ 1.2 g/kg body weight/d ) is advised for those who are exercising and otherwise active . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 advised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 both 4 and
2 endurance 4 and
3 - 4 and
4 and 5 resistance
4 and 6 -
4 and 8 exercises
4 and 17 and
4 and 20 and
7 type 8 exercises
8 exercises 9 are
9 are 10 recommended
10 recommended 11 at
11 at 17 and
12 individualized 13 levels
12 individualized 17 and
13 levels 14 that
13 levels 15 are
14 that 15 are
15 are 16 safe
17 and 18 tolerated
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 higher
20 and 22 protein
22 protein 23 intake
22 protein 33 is
22 protein 34 advised
23 intake 31 weight/d
23 intake 33 is
24 ( 31 weight/d
25 ie 26 ,
25 ie 27 ≥
27 ≥ 31 weight/d
28 1.2 29 g/kg
29 g/kg 30 body
30 body 31 weight/d
31 weight/d 32 )
34 advised 35 for
35 for 36 those
36 those 37 who
36 those 38 are
37 who 38 are
38 are 40 and
39 exercising 40 and
40 and 41 otherwise
40 and 42 active

most older adults who have acute or chronic diseases need even more dietary protein ( ie , 1.2 - 1.5 g/kg body weight/d ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 most 3 adults
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 who
3 adults 5 have
3 adults 10 need
4 who 5 have
5 have 9 diseases
6 acute 7 or
7 or 8 chronic
7 or 9 diseases
10 need 14 protein
10 need 19 -
11 even 12 more
12 more 14 protein
13 dietary 14 protein
14 protein 16 ie
15 ( 16 ie
16 ie 17 ,
17 , 19 -
18 1.2 19 -
19 - 23 weight/d
19 - 24 )
20 1.5 21 g/kg
21 g/kg 22 body
22 body 23 weight/d

older people with severe kidney disease ( ie , estimated gfr < 30 ml/min/1.73 [m] ( 2 ) [ )(, [but] who are not on dialysis , are an exception to this rule ; these individuals may need to limit protein intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ;
1 older 2 people
2 people 3 with
2 people 10 estimated
3 with 6 disease
4 severe 5 kidney
5 kidney 6 disease
6 disease 8 ie
7 ( 8 ie
8 ie 9 ,
10 estimated 11 gfr
10 estimated 28 are
11 gfr 13 30
11 gfr 14 ml/min/1.73
11 gfr 17 2
11 gfr 22 who
11 gfr 28 are
12 < 13 30
13 30 14 ml/min/1.73
16 ( 17 2
17 2 18 )
20 )(, 22 who
22 who 23 are
22 who 27 ,
23 are 24 not
23 are 25 on
25 on 26 dialysis
28 are 30 exception
28 are 31 to
29 an 30 exception
31 to 33 rule
32 this 33 rule
34 ; 36 individuals
35 these 36 individuals
36 individuals 37 may
37 may 38 need
38 need 39 to
38 need 43 .
39 to 40 limit
40 limit 42 intake
41 protein 42 intake

protein quality , timing of ingestion , and intake of other nutritional supplements may be relevant , but evidence is not yet sufficient to support specific recommendations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 protein 2 quality
2 quality 3 ,
3 , 4 timing
3 , 8 and
4 timing 5 of
5 of 6 ingestion
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 intake
8 and 10 of
8 and 18 but
10 of 13 supplements
11 other 13 supplements
12 nutritional 13 supplements
14 may 15 be
14 may 18 but
15 be 16 relevant
17 , 18 but
18 but 25 support
19 evidence 20 is
20 is 21 not
20 is 22 yet
20 is 23 sufficient
23 sufficient 24 to
24 to 25 support
25 support 27 recommendations
26 specific 27 recommendations

older people are vulnerable to losses in physical function capacity , and such losses predict loss of independence [,] falls , and even mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 older 2 people
2 people 3 are
3 are 4 vulnerable
4 vulnerable 5 to
4 vulnerable 7 in
5 to 6 losses
7 in 10 capacity
8 physical 9 function
9 function 10 capacity
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 losses
12 and 22 and
13 such 14 losses
14 losses 22 and
15 predict 16 loss
15 predict 20 falls
15 predict 22 and
16 loss 17 of
16 loss 20 falls
17 of 18 independence
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 even
23 even 24 mortality

thus , future studies aimed at pinpointing optimal protein intake in specific populations of older people need to include measures of [physical] function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 studies
3 future 4 studies
4 studies 5 aimed
4 studies 11 in
4 studies 14 of
4 studies 23 function
5 aimed 6 at
6 at 7 pinpointing
7 pinpointing 10 intake
8 optimal 9 protein
9 protein 10 intake
11 in 13 populations
12 specific 13 populations
14 of 17 need
15 older 17 need
16 people 17 need
17 need 18 to
17 need 21 of
18 to 19 include
19 include 20 measures
20 measures 21 of

werner [syndrome] is genetically linked to mutations in wrn that encodes a dna helicase - nuclease believed to operate at stalled [replication] forks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 werner
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 werner 3 is
3 is 5 linked
4 genetically 5 linked
5 linked 6 to
5 linked 8 in
6 to 7 mutations
8 in 9 wrn
9 wrn 10 that
9 wrn 11 encodes
10 that 11 encodes
11 encodes 14 helicase
12 a 14 helicase
13 dna 14 helicase
15 - 16 nuclease
15 - 23 forks
16 nuclease 17 believed
16 nuclease 18 to
16 nuclease 20 at
16 nuclease 21 stalled
16 nuclease 23 forks
18 to 19 operate
19 operate 20 at

using a newly identified small - molecule inhibitor of wrn helicase ( nsc 617145 ) , we investigated the role of wrn in the interstrand cross - [link] ( icl ) response [in] cells derived from patients with fanconi anemia , a hereditary disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 using 8 inhibitor
1 using 16 ,
1 using 17 we
2 a 8 inhibitor
3 newly 4 identified
4 identified 7 molecule
5 small 6 -
5 small 7 molecule
7 molecule 8 inhibitor
8 inhibitor 9 of
9 of 11 helicase
10 wrn 11 helicase
11 helicase 13 nsc
12 ( 13 nsc
13 nsc 14 617145
13 nsc 15 )
17 we 18 investigated
18 investigated 20 role
18 investigated 23 in
19 the 20 role
20 role 21 of
21 of 22 wrn
23 in 26 cross
24 the 26 cross
25 interstrand 26 cross
27 - 34 cells
27 - 40 anemia
27 - 41 ,
29 ( 30 icl
30 icl 31 )
30 icl 34 cells
32 response 34 cells
34 cells 35 derived
34 cells 38 with
34 cells 40 anemia
35 derived 36 from
36 from 37 patients
38 with 39 fanconi
41 , 50 and
42 a 44 disorder
43 hereditary 44 disorder
44 disorder 45 characterized
44 disorder 50 and
45 characterized 46 by
46 by 49 failure
47 bone 48 marrow
48 marrow 49 failure
50 and 51 cancer

in fa - d2 [(] - [/] - [ )(cells , nsc 617145 acted synergistically with very low concentrations of mitomycin c to inhibit [proliferation] in a wrn - dependent manner and [induce] double - strand breaks ( dsb ) and chromosomal abnormalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 nsc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 acted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 in 2 fa
1 in 11 ,
1 in 12 nsc
2 fa 4 d2
2 fa 10 )(cells
3 - 4 d2
4 d2 6 -
8 - 10 )(cells
10 )(cells 11 ,
12 nsc 13 617145
12 nsc 14 acted
14 acted 15 synergistically
14 acted 16 with
14 acted 26 in
16 with 19 concentrations
17 very 18 low
18 low 19 concentrations
19 concentrations 20 of
20 of 21 mitomycin
21 mitomycin 22 c
21 mitomycin 23 to
21 mitomycin 24 inhibit
23 to 24 inhibit
26 in 28 wrn
27 a 28 wrn
29 - 41 and
29 - 44 .
30 dependent 31 manner
31 manner 32 and
32 and 34 double
32 and 37 breaks
32 and 41 and
35 - 37 breaks
36 strand 37 breaks
37 breaks 39 dsb
37 breaks 40 )
38 ( 39 dsb
39 dsb 40 )
41 and 43 abnormalities
42 chromosomal 43 abnormalities

under these conditions , ataxia [-] telangiectasia mutated activation and accumulation of dna - dependent protein kinase , catalytic subunit ps2056 foci suggested an increased number of dsbs processed by nonhomologous [end] - joining ( nhej ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 telangiectasia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mutated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 under 3 conditions
1 under 4 ,
1 under 7 telangiectasia
2 these 3 conditions
5 ataxia 7 telangiectasia
7 telangiectasia 8 mutated
8 mutated 10 and
9 activation 10 and
10 and 11 accumulation
10 and 12 of
12 of 13 dna
14 - 17 kinase
14 - 18 ,
14 - 38 .
15 dependent 16 protein
16 protein 17 kinase
18 , 22 foci
18 , 23 suggested
19 catalytic 22 foci
20 subunit 22 foci
21 ps2056 22 foci
22 foci 23 suggested
23 suggested 28 dsbs
23 suggested 30 by
24 an 26 number
25 increased 26 number
26 number 27 of
26 number 28 dsbs
27 of 28 dsbs
28 dsbs 29 processed
30 by 34 joining
31 nonhomologous 33 -
31 nonhomologous 34 joining
34 joining 36 nhej
35 ( 36 nhej
36 nhej 37 )

rad51 foci were also elevated in fa - d2 [(] - [/] - [ )(cells exposed to nsc 617145 and mitomycin c , suggesting that wrn helicase inhibition interferes with later steps of homologous recombination at icl - induced dsbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rad51
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 rad51 2 foci
1 rad51 3 were
1 rad51 5 elevated
2 foci 3 were
4 also 5 elevated
5 elevated 6 in
5 elevated 24 suggesting
5 elevated 40 dsbs
6 in 7 fa
7 fa 9 d2
7 fa 20 and
8 - 9 d2
9 d2 11 -
13 - 20 and
15 )(cells 16 exposed
15 )(cells 20 and
16 exposed 17 to
17 to 18 nsc
18 nsc 19 617145
20 and 21 mitomycin
20 and 23 ,
21 mitomycin 22 c
23 , 24 suggesting
24 suggesting 28 inhibition
24 suggesting 29 interferes
24 suggesting 38 -
25 that 28 inhibition
26 wrn 28 inhibition
27 helicase 28 inhibition
28 inhibition 29 interferes
29 interferes 30 with
30 with 32 steps
30 with 36 at
31 later 32 steps
32 steps 33 of
33 of 35 recombination
34 homologous 35 recombination
36 at 37 icl
39 induced 40 dsbs

thus , when the fanconi anemia pathway is defective , wrn helicase inhibition perturbs the normal icl response , leading to nhej activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 perturbs
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 13 inhibition
2 , 3 when
3 when 7 pathway
3 when 8 is
3 when 10 ,
3 when 13 inhibition
4 the 7 pathway
5 fanconi 7 pathway
6 anemia 7 pathway
7 pathway 8 is
8 is 9 defective
11 wrn 13 inhibition
12 helicase 13 inhibition
13 inhibition 14 perturbs
14 perturbs 18 response
15 the 18 response
16 normal 18 response
17 icl 18 response
18 response 20 leading
19 , 20 leading
20 leading 21 to
20 leading 24 .
21 to 23 activation
22 nhej 23 activation

potential implication [for] treatment of fanconi anemia - deficient tumors by their sensitization to [dna] cross - linking agents is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 potential 4 treatment
2 implication 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 of
4 treatment 18 linking
4 treatment 20 is
5 of 7 anemia
6 fanconi 7 anemia
7 anemia 10 tumors
8 - 10 tumors
9 deficient 10 tumors
10 tumors 11 by
10 tumors 14 to
10 tumors 16 cross
10 tumors 17 -
11 by 13 sensitization
12 their 13 sensitization
14 to 16 cross
18 linking 19 agents
20 is 21 discussed

abnormal oxidative stress is an established feature of alzheimer 's disease , but clinical trials aiming to reduce oxidative stress have not yet proven [an] effective therapy for dementia patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 abnormal 3 stress
2 oxidative 3 stress
3 stress 4 is
4 is 7 feature
5 an 7 feature
6 established 7 feature
7 feature 8 of
8 of 11 disease
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 11 disease
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 trials
13 but 24 proven
14 clinical 15 trials
15 trials 16 aiming
15 trials 21 have
16 aiming 17 to
16 aiming 18 reduce
17 to 18 reduce
18 reduce 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress
21 have 22 not
21 have 24 proven
23 yet 24 proven
24 proven 27 therapy
26 effective 27 therapy
27 therapy 28 for
28 for 30 patients
29 dementia 30 patients

the purpose of this review is to systematically analyze available data describing markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants in blood from subjects with alzheimer 's disease or those with mild cognitive impairment to highlight potential interactions between peripheral redox changes and central nervous system pathology and contribute to the design of future clinical study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 19 in
7 to 17 and
8 systematically 9 analyze
9 analyze 11 data
9 analyze 17 and
10 available 11 data
11 data 12 describing
12 describing 13 markers
13 markers 14 of
14 of 16 stress
15 oxidative 16 stress
17 and 18 antioxidants
19 in 20 blood
20 blood 21 from
20 blood 23 with
20 blood 29 with
21 from 22 subjects
23 with 27 or
24 alzheimer 25 's
25 's 26 disease
26 disease 27 or
27 or 28 those
29 with 32 impairment
30 mild 32 impairment
31 cognitive 32 impairment
32 impairment 33 to
32 impairment 47 contribute
32 impairment 48 to
33 to 46 and
34 highlight 36 interactions
34 highlight 37 between
34 highlight 46 and
35 potential 36 interactions
37 between 41 and
38 peripheral 39 redox
39 redox 40 changes
40 changes 41 and
41 and 45 pathology
42 central 44 system
43 nervous 44 system
44 system 45 pathology
46 and 47 contribute
48 to 50 design
49 the 50 design
50 design 51 of
51 of 54 study
52 future 54 study
53 clinical 54 study

pubmed , scopus and web of science were systematically queried to collect studies which have evaluated markers of oxidative stress , levels of antioxidants , copper , transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels in blood from subjects with alzheimer 's disease and matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 web
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 pubmed 2 ,
1 pubmed 5 web
3 scopus 4 and
4 and 5 web
5 web 6 of
5 web 40 and
6 of 7 science
8 were 10 queried
8 were 40 and
9 systematically 10 queried
10 queried 11 to
10 queried 32 in
11 to 12 collect
12 collect 13 studies
13 studies 14 which
13 studies 15 have
14 which 15 have
15 have 16 evaluated
16 evaluated 29 and
17 markers 18 of
17 markers 21 ,
18 of 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress
21 , 22 levels
21 , 25 ,
22 levels 23 of
23 of 24 antioxidants
25 , 26 copper
25 , 27 ,
27 , 28 transferrin
27 , 29 and
29 and 31 levels
30 ceruloplasmin 31 levels
32 in 33 blood
33 blood 34 from
33 blood 36 with
34 from 35 subjects
36 with 39 disease
37 alzheimer 38 's
38 's 39 disease
40 and 41 matched
40 and 42 controls

after application of quality measures , results were aggregated in a random effects analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 aggregated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 after 2 application
1 after 6 ,
1 after 7 results
2 application 3 of
3 of 5 measures
4 quality 5 measures
7 results 8 were
8 were 9 aggregated
9 aggregated 10 in
10 in 14 analysis
11 a 12 random
11 a 14 analysis
12 random 13 effects
13 effects 14 analysis

we found that markers of lipid peroxidation are elevated in blood in alzheimer 's disease and in mild cognitive impairment , copper metabolism is dysregulated and total antioxidant capacity is decreased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 markers
3 that 9 elevated
4 markers 5 of
4 markers 8 are
5 of 7 peroxidation
6 lipid 7 peroxidation
8 are 9 elevated
9 elevated 10 in
9 elevated 16 and
10 in 11 blood
12 in 15 disease
12 in 16 and
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
16 and 17 in
17 in 20 impairment
18 mild 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment
21 , 23 metabolism
21 , 25 dysregulated
21 , 26 and
22 copper 23 metabolism
23 metabolism 24 is
24 is 25 dysregulated
26 and 29 capacity
26 and 31 decreased
27 total 29 capacity
28 antioxidant 29 capacity
29 capacity 30 is
30 is 31 decreased

[while] surprisingly none of the major antioxidative enzymes are significantly decreased , [non] - enzymatic antioxidants [in] blood [(] particularly uric acid , vitamins a , [e] and [c] [,] α - and β - carotene ) [are] significantly decreased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 enzymes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
2 surprisingly 8 enzymes
3 none 4 of
3 none 8 enzymes
4 of 8 enzymes
5 the 8 enzymes
6 major 8 enzymes
7 antioxidative 8 enzymes
8 enzymes 9 are
9 are 10 significantly
9 are 11 decreased
12 , 14 -
14 - 16 antioxidants
15 enzymatic 16 antioxidants
16 antioxidants 18 blood
18 blood 22 acid
20 particularly 21 uric
21 uric 22 acid
22 acid 33 and
23 , 33 and
24 vitamins 25 a
24 vitamins 28 and
26 , 28 and
28 and 31 α
28 and 33 and
32 - 33 and
33 and 36 carotene
33 and 37 )
33 and 40 decreased
33 and 41 .
34 β 35 -
34 β 36 carotene
39 significantly 40 decreased

there is significant oxidative damage in peripheral blood early in the process of neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 damage
3 significant 5 damage
4 oxidative 5 damage
5 damage 6 in
6 in 8 blood
7 peripheral 8 blood
8 blood 9 early
9 early 10 in
10 in 12 process
11 the 12 process
12 process 13 of
13 of 14 neurodegeneration

we propose that clinical studies assessing cognitive outcomes after antioxidant therapy tailor interventions to individual patients ' deficiencies and confirm an improvement in an appropriate serological marker of oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 5 studies
3 that 19 and
4 clinical 5 studies
5 studies 6 assessing
5 studies 19 and
6 assessing 8 outcomes
6 assessing 9 after
7 cognitive 8 outcomes
9 after 11 therapy
10 antioxidant 11 therapy
12 tailor 13 interventions
12 tailor 14 to
12 tailor 19 and
14 to 18 deficiencies
15 individual 16 patients
16 patients 17 '
17 ' 18 deficiencies
19 and 20 confirm
19 and 23 in
20 confirm 22 improvement
21 an 22 improvement
23 in 27 marker
24 an 25 appropriate
24 an 27 marker
25 appropriate 27 marker
26 serological 27 marker
27 marker 28 of
28 of 30 stress
29 oxidative 30 stress

this strategy may be most effectively applied in a clinical trial of primary prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 strategy
2 strategy 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 5 most
5 most 7 applied
6 effectively 7 applied
7 applied 8 in
8 in 11 trial
9 a 10 clinical
9 a 11 trial
10 clinical 11 trial
11 trial 12 of
12 of 14 prevention
13 primary 14 prevention

cerebral small vessel disease ( svd ) is a common accompaniment of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cerebral 3 vessel
2 small 3 vessel
3 vessel 4 disease
4 disease 6 svd
4 disease 8 is
5 ( 6 svd
6 svd 7 )
8 is 11 accompaniment
9 a 10 common
9 a 11 accompaniment
10 common 11 accompaniment
11 accompaniment 12 of
12 of 13 ageing

features seen on neuroimaging include recent small subcortical [infarcts] , lacunes , white matter hyperintensities , perivascular spaces , microbleeds , and brain atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 features 2 seen
1 features 3 on
1 features 22 and
3 on 4 neuroimaging
5 include 11 lacunes
5 include 22 and
6 recent 11 lacunes
7 small 11 lacunes
8 subcortical 10 ,
8 subcortical 11 lacunes
11 lacunes 15 hyperintensities
12 , 15 hyperintensities
13 white 15 hyperintensities
14 matter 15 hyperintensities
15 hyperintensities 18 spaces
15 hyperintensities 20 microbleeds
15 hyperintensities 21 ,
16 , 18 spaces
17 perivascular 18 spaces
18 spaces 19 ,
19 , 20 microbleeds
20 microbleeds 21 ,
22 and 23 brain
23 brain 24 atrophy

svd can present as a stroke or cognitive decline , or can have few or no symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 svd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 svd 2 can
2 can 11 or
2 can 13 have
3 present 4 as
3 present 7 or
4 as 6 stroke
5 a 6 stroke
7 or 9 decline
7 or 11 or
8 cognitive 9 decline
10 , 11 or
11 or 12 can
13 have 15 or
14 few 15 or
15 or 17 symptoms
16 no 17 symptoms

svd frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disease , and can exacerbate cognitive deficits , physical disabilities , and other symptoms of neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 svd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 svd 8 and
2 frequently 3 coexists
3 coexists 4 with
3 coexists 8 and
4 with 6 disease
5 neurodegenerative 6 disease
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 can
9 can 10 exacerbate
10 exacerbate 17 and
11 cognitive 12 deficits
12 deficits 13 ,
13 , 15 disabilities
13 , 17 and
14 physical 15 disabilities
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 symptoms
17 and 20 of
18 other 19 symptoms
20 of 21 neurodegeneration

terminology and definitions for imaging the features of svd vary widely , which is also true for protocols for image acquisition and image analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 terminology 2 and
2 and 3 definitions
2 and 4 for
2 and 8 of
2 and 10 vary
4 for 5 imaging
5 imaging 7 features
6 the 7 features
8 of 9 svd
10 vary 11 widely
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 is
13 which 14 is
14 is 15 also
14 is 16 true
16 true 17 for
17 for 22 and
18 protocols 19 for
18 protocols 22 and
19 for 21 acquisition
20 image 21 acquisition
22 and 24 analysis
23 image 24 analysis

this lack of consistency hampers progress in identifying the contribution of svd to the pathophysiology and clinical features of common neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hampers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 lack
2 lack 3 of
2 lack 5 hampers
3 of 4 consistency
5 hampers 6 progress
5 hampers 7 in
5 hampers 13 to
7 in 8 identifying
8 identifying 10 contribution
9 the 10 contribution
10 contribution 11 of
11 of 12 svd
13 to 16 and
14 the 15 pathophysiology
15 pathophysiology 16 and
16 and 18 features
16 and 19 of
17 clinical 18 features
19 of 22 diseases
20 common 22 diseases
21 neurodegenerative 22 diseases

we are an international working group from the centres of excellence in neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 are
2 are 6 group
3 an 4 international
3 an 6 group
4 international 6 group
5 working 6 group
6 group 7 from
6 group 12 in
7 from 9 centres
8 the 9 centres
9 centres 10 of
10 of 11 excellence
12 in 13 neurodegeneration

we completed a structured process to develop definitions and imaging standards for markers and consequences of svd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 completed
2 completed 5 process
2 completed 6 to
3 a 5 process
4 structured 5 process
6 to 7 develop
7 develop 9 and
7 develop 12 for
8 definitions 9 and
9 and 11 standards
10 imaging 11 standards
12 for 14 and
13 markers 14 and
14 and 15 consequences
14 and 16 of
16 of 17 svd

we aimed to achieve the following : first , to provide [a] common advisory about terms and definitions for features visible on mri [;] second , to suggest minimum standards for image acquisition and analysis [;] third , to agree on standards for scientific reporting of changes related to svd on neuroimaging [;] [and] fourth , to review emerging imaging methods for detection and quantification of preclinical manifestations of svd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
3 to 4 achieve
4 achieve 6 following
5 the 6 following
7 : 8 first
7 : 9 ,
9 , 10 to
9 , 11 provide
10 to 11 provide
11 provide 17 and
11 provide 19 for
13 common 14 advisory
13 common 17 and
14 advisory 15 about
15 about 16 terms
17 and 18 definitions
19 for 20 features
20 features 21 visible
21 visible 22 on
21 visible 25 second
21 visible 27 to
22 on 23 mri
26 , 27 to
27 to 38 ,
28 suggest 30 standards
28 suggest 37 third
28 suggest 38 ,
29 minimum 30 standards
30 standards 31 for
31 for 34 and
32 image 33 acquisition
33 acquisition 34 and
34 and 35 analysis
38 , 39 to
38 , 40 agree
39 to 40 agree
40 agree 41 on
40 agree 43 for
41 on 42 standards
43 for 45 reporting
44 scientific 45 reporting
45 reporting 46 of
45 reporting 49 to
46 of 47 changes
47 changes 48 related
49 to 50 svd
50 svd 51 on
50 svd 60 imaging
51 on 52 neuroimaging
52 neuroimaging 55 fourth
52 neuroimaging 57 to
56 , 57 to
57 to 58 review
58 review 59 emerging
60 imaging 61 methods
60 imaging 62 for
62 for 64 and
63 detection 64 and
64 and 65 quantification
64 and 71 .
65 quantification 66 of
66 of 68 manifestations
67 preclinical 68 manifestations
68 manifestations 69 of
69 of 70 svd

our findings and recommendations apply to research studies , and can be used in the clinical setting to standardise image interpretation , acquisition , and reporting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 and
3 and 4 recommendations
3 and 10 and
5 apply 6 to
5 apply 10 and
6 to 8 studies
7 research 8 studies
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 can
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 used
13 used 14 in
13 used 18 to
13 used 19 standardise
14 in 17 setting
15 the 17 setting
16 clinical 17 setting
18 to 19 standardise
19 standardise 21 interpretation
20 image 21 interpretation
22 , 25 and
23 acquisition 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 reporting

this position paper summarises the main outcomes of this international effort to provide the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging ( strive ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 summarises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 3 paper
2 position 3 paper
3 paper 4 summarises
4 summarises 7 outcomes
4 summarises 12 to
5 the 7 outcomes
6 main 7 outcomes
7 outcomes 8 of
8 of 11 effort
9 this 11 effort
10 international 11 effort
12 to 13 provide
13 provide 19 changes
14 the 19 changes
15 standards 16 for
15 standards 19 changes
16 for 17 reporting
18 vascular 19 changes
19 changes 20 on
20 on 21 neuroimaging
21 neuroimaging 23 strive
22 ( 23 strive
23 strive 24 )

background : endothelial colony - forming cells ( ecfc ) are endowed with vascular regenerative ability in vivo and in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 colony
2 : 5 -
3 endothelial 4 colony
5 - 7 cells
5 - 12 endowed
5 - 22 .
6 forming 7 cells
7 cells 9 ecfc
7 cells 11 are
8 ( 9 ecfc
9 ecfc 10 )
11 are 12 endowed
12 endowed 13 with
12 endowed 19 and
13 with 16 ability
14 vascular 16 ability
15 regenerative 16 ability
17 in 18 vivo
18 vivo 19 and
19 and 21 vitro
20 in 21 vitro

in this study we compared the genotypic profile and the immunogenic potential [of] adult and cord blood ecfc , in order to explore the feasibility of using them as a cell therapy product . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 compared
5 compared 8 profile
6 the 8 profile
7 genotypic 8 profile
9 and 15 and
9 and 17 blood
10 the 14 adult
11 immunogenic 14 adult
12 potential 14 adult
14 adult 15 and
15 and 16 cord
15 and 17 blood
17 blood 18 ecfc
18 ecfc 20 in
19 , 20 in
20 in 21 order
20 in 34 .
21 order 22 to
21 order 23 explore
22 to 23 explore
23 explore 25 feasibility
24 the 25 feasibility
25 feasibility 26 of
26 of 27 using
27 using 28 them
27 using 29 as
29 as 33 product
30 a 33 product
31 cell 33 product
32 therapy 33 product

materials and methods : ecfc were obtained from cord blood samples not suitable for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and from adult healthy blood donors after informed consent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 ecfc
4 : 7 obtained
4 : 28 .
5 ecfc 6 were
6 were 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 from
7 obtained 25 after
8 from 11 samples
9 cord 11 samples
10 blood 11 samples
11 samples 12 not
12 not 13 suitable
13 suitable 19 and
14 for 18 transplantation
14 for 19 and
15 haematopoietic 16 stem
16 stem 17 cell
17 cell 18 transplantation
19 and 20 from
20 from 24 donors
21 adult 24 donors
22 healthy 23 blood
23 blood 24 donors
25 after 27 consent
26 informed 27 consent

[genotypes] were analysed by commercially available microarray assays and [results] were confirmed by real - time polymerase chain reaction analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 were 3 analysed
2 were 9 and
3 analysed 4 by
4 by 8 assays
5 commercially 6 available
6 available 7 microarray
7 microarray 8 assays
9 and 11 were
11 were 12 confirmed
12 confirmed 13 by
13 by 20 analysis
14 real 15 -
14 real 20 analysis
16 time 20 analysis
17 polymerase 20 analysis
18 chain 20 analysis
19 reaction 20 analysis

hla antigen expression was evaluated by flow - cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 hla 3 expression
2 antigen 3 expression
3 expression 4 was
4 was 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 by
6 by 7 flow
8 - 9 cytometry

immunogenic capacity was investigated by evaluating the activation of allogeneic lymphocytes and monocytes in co - cultures with ecfc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 immunogenic 2 capacity
2 capacity 3 was
3 was 12 and
4 investigated 5 by
4 investigated 12 and
5 by 6 evaluating
6 evaluating 8 activation
7 the 8 activation
8 activation 9 of
9 of 11 lymphocytes
10 allogeneic 11 lymphocytes
12 and 13 monocytes
12 and 14 in
12 and 18 with
14 in 17 cultures
15 co 16 -
15 co 17 cultures
18 with 19 ecfc

results : microarray assays revealed that the genetic profile of cord blood and adult ecfc differed in about 20 % of examined genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 assays
2 : 5 revealed
2 : 24 .
3 microarray 4 assays
4 assays 5 revealed
5 revealed 6 that
6 that 9 profile
6 that 22 examined
7 the 9 profile
8 genetic 9 profile
9 profile 10 of
9 profile 22 examined
10 of 13 and
11 cord 12 blood
12 blood 13 and
13 and 14 adult
13 and 15 ecfc
13 and 21 of
15 ecfc 16 differed
16 differed 17 in
17 in 20 %
18 about 19 20
19 20 20 %
20 % 21 of
22 examined 23 genes

we found that cord blood ecfc were characterised by lower pro [-] inflammatory and pro - thrombotic gene expression as compared to adult ecfc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 6 ecfc
2 found 21 compared
3 that 6 ecfc
4 cord 5 blood
5 blood 6 ecfc
6 ecfc 7 were
7 were 8 characterised
8 characterised 9 by
8 characterised 20 as
9 by 19 expression
10 lower 11 pro
11 pro 19 expression
13 inflammatory 14 and
14 and 15 pro
14 and 16 -
14 and 19 expression
17 thrombotic 18 gene
18 gene 19 expression
20 as 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
22 to 24 ecfc
23 adult 24 ecfc

furthermore , whereas cord blood and adult ecfcs expressed similar amount of hla molecules both at baseline and [after] incubation with [γ] [-] interferon [,] cord blood ecfc elicited a weaker expression of pro [-] inflammatory cytokine genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 elicited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 and
3 whereas 4 cord
3 whereas 6 and
5 blood 6 and
6 and 11 amount
6 and 12 of
6 and 29 elicited
7 adult 9 expressed
8 ecfcs 9 expressed
9 expressed 11 amount
10 similar 11 amount
12 of 14 molecules
13 hla 14 molecules
14 molecules 18 and
14 molecules 27 blood
15 both 16 at
15 both 18 and
16 at 17 baseline
18 and 20 incubation
18 and 21 with
18 and 27 blood
21 with 26 cord
24 interferon 26 cord
27 blood 28 ecfc
29 elicited 32 expression
30 a 32 expression
31 weaker 32 expression
32 expression 33 of
33 of 38 genes
34 pro 37 cytokine
36 inflammatory 37 cytokine
37 cytokine 38 genes

finally , we observed no differences in the amount of hla antigens expressed among cord blood ecfc , adult ecfc and mesenchymal cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 observed
4 observed 6 differences
4 observed 13 expressed
5 no 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 10 of
6 differences 13 expressed
7 in 9 amount
8 the 9 amount
10 of 12 antigens
11 hla 12 antigens
13 expressed 14 among
14 among 21 and
15 cord 16 blood
16 blood 17 ecfc
17 ecfc 18 ,
18 , 20 ecfc
18 , 21 and
19 adult 20 ecfc
21 and 23 cells
22 mesenchymal 23 cells

conclusions : our observations suggest that cord blood ecfc have a lower pro - inflammatory and pro - [thrombotic] profile than adult ecfc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 observations
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 24 .
3 our 4 observations
4 observations 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 ecfc
6 that 10 have
7 cord 9 ecfc
8 blood 9 ecfc
10 have 13 pro
10 have 20 profile
11 a 13 pro
12 lower 13 pro
13 pro 16 and
14 - 16 and
15 inflammatory 16 and
16 and 17 pro
16 and 18 -
20 profile 21 than
20 profile 23 ecfc
21 than 22 adult

these preliminary data offer level - headed evidence to use cord blood ecfc as a cell therapy product in vascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 3 data
2 preliminary 3 data
3 data 4 offer
4 offer 8 evidence
4 offer 13 ecfc
4 offer 14 as
4 offer 19 in
5 level 6 -
5 level 8 evidence
7 headed 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 to
9 to 12 blood
10 use 12 blood
11 cord 12 blood
14 as 18 product
15 a 18 product
16 cell 18 product
17 therapy 18 product
19 in 21 diseases
20 vascular 21 diseases

objective : to investigate [whether] automatic auditory post - processing is deficient in patients with alzheimer 's disease and is related to sensory gating . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 10 processing
2 : 19 and
3 to 4 investigate
3 to 9 -
3 to 10 processing
4 investigate 8 post
6 automatic 8 post
7 auditory 8 post
10 processing 19 and
11 is 12 deficient
11 is 19 and
12 deficient 13 in
12 deficient 15 with
13 in 14 patients
15 with 18 disease
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease
19 and 20 is
20 is 21 related
21 related 22 to
22 to 24 gating
23 sensory 24 gating

methods : event - related potentials were recorded during a passive listening task to examine the automatic transient storage of auditory information ( short click pairs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 event
4 - 6 potentials
4 - 8 recorded
5 related 6 potentials
6 potentials 7 were
7 were 8 recorded
8 recorded 9 during
8 recorded 14 to
9 during 13 task
10 a 11 passive
10 a 13 task
11 passive 13 task
12 listening 13 task
14 to 15 examine
15 examine 19 storage
16 the 19 storage
17 automatic 19 storage
18 transient 19 storage
19 storage 20 of
20 of 22 information
21 auditory 22 information
22 information 26 pairs
23 ( 26 pairs
24 short 25 click
25 click 26 pairs
26 pairs 27 )

patients with alzheimer 's disease were compared to a healthy age - matched control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 6 were
2 with 5 disease
3 alzheimer 4 's
4 's 5 disease
6 were 7 compared
7 compared 8 to
8 to 11 age
9 a 10 healthy
9 a 11 age
10 healthy 11 age
12 - 15 group
12 - 16 .
13 matched 14 control
14 control 15 group

a young healthy control group was included to assess effects of physiological aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 young
1 a 5 group
2 young 4 control
3 healthy 4 control
4 control 5 group
5 group 6 was
6 was 7 included
7 included 8 to
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 13 aging
12 physiological 13 aging

results : a bilateral frontal negativity [in] combination with deep temporal positivity occurring 500 m [s] after stimulus offset was reduced in patients with alzheimer 's disease , but was unaffected by physiological aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 8 combination
3 a 4 bilateral
3 a 8 combination
4 bilateral 6 negativity
5 frontal 6 negativity
6 negativity 8 combination
8 combination 9 with
8 combination 13 occurring
9 with 12 positivity
10 deep 12 positivity
11 temporal 12 positivity
13 occurring 17 after
14 500 15 m
15 m 17 after
17 after 19 offset
17 after 29 but
18 stimulus 19 offset
19 offset 29 but
20 was 21 reduced
20 was 29 but
21 reduced 22 in
21 reduced 24 with
22 in 23 patients
24 with 27 disease
25 alzheimer 26 's
26 's 27 disease
28 , 29 but
29 but 30 was
30 was 31 unaffected
31 unaffected 32 by
32 by 34 aging
33 physiological 34 aging

its amplitude correlated with short - term memory capacity , but was [independent] of sensory gating in healthy elderly controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 amplitude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 its 2 amplitude
2 amplitude 11 but
3 correlated 4 with
3 correlated 11 but
4 with 9 capacity
5 short 6 -
5 short 7 term
7 term 9 capacity
8 memory 9 capacity
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 was
12 was 14 of
12 was 17 in
14 of 16 gating
15 sensory 16 gating
17 in 20 controls
18 healthy 20 controls
19 elderly 20 controls

source analysis revealed a dipole pair in the anterior temporal lobes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 source 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 pair
3 revealed 7 in
4 a 6 pair
5 dipole 6 pair
7 in 11 lobes
8 the 11 lobes
9 anterior 11 lobes
10 temporal 11 lobes

conclusion : results suggest that auditory post - processing is deficient in alzheimer 's disease , but is not typically related to sensory gating . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 4 suggest
2 : 8 -
3 results 4 suggest
4 suggest 7 post
5 that 6 auditory
6 auditory 7 post
8 - 9 processing
8 - 17 but
9 processing 17 but
10 is 11 deficient
10 is 17 but
11 deficient 12 in
12 in 15 disease
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 is
18 is 19 not
18 is 20 typically
18 is 22 to
20 typically 21 related
22 to 24 gating
23 sensory 24 gating

the deficit could neither be explained by physiological aging [nor] by problems in earlier stages of auditory perception . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 deficit
2 deficit 3 could
3 could 5 be
4 neither 5 be
5 be 6 explained
6 explained 7 by
6 explained 11 by
6 explained 13 in
7 by 9 aging
8 physiological 9 aging
11 by 12 problems
13 in 15 stages
14 earlier 15 stages
15 stages 16 of
16 of 18 perception
17 auditory 18 perception

correlations with short - term memory capacity and executive control tasks suggested an association with memory encoding [and/or] overall cognitive control deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 correlations 2 with
1 correlations 8 and
2 with 7 capacity
3 short 4 -
3 short 5 term
5 term 6 memory
6 memory 7 capacity
8 and 10 control
8 and 11 tasks
8 and 17 encoding
9 executive 10 control
11 tasks 12 suggested
12 suggested 14 association
12 suggested 15 with
13 an 14 association
15 with 16 memory
16 memory 17 encoding
17 encoding 22 deficits
19 overall 22 deficits
20 cognitive 21 control
21 control 22 deficits

significance : an auditory late negative wave could represent a marker of auditory working memory encoding deficits in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 wave
2 : 9 represent
2 : 22 .
3 an 4 auditory
3 an 7 wave
4 auditory 7 wave
5 late 7 wave
6 negative 7 wave
7 wave 8 could
8 could 9 represent
9 represent 11 marker
10 a 11 marker
11 marker 12 of
12 of 15 memory
13 auditory 15 memory
14 working 15 memory
15 memory 16 encoding
16 encoding 17 deficits
16 encoding 18 in
18 in 21 disease
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease

the clinical research center for dementia of south korea ( credos ) group developed a new classification system for ischemia using a combination of deep and periventricular white matter hyperintensities ( wmhs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 13 group
2 clinical 13 group
3 research 4 center
4 center 5 for
4 center 9 korea
5 for 6 dementia
6 dementia 7 of
7 of 8 south
9 korea 11 credos
10 ( 11 credos
11 credos 12 )
11 credos 13 group
13 group 14 developed
14 developed 18 system
15 a 18 system
16 new 17 classification
17 classification 18 system
18 system 19 for
18 system 21 using
18 system 24 of
18 system 32 wmhs
19 for 20 ischemia
21 using 23 combination
22 a 23 combination
24 of 30 hyperintensities
25 deep 26 and
26 and 27 periventricular
26 and 29 matter
28 white 29 matter
29 matter 30 hyperintensities
31 ( 32 wmhs
32 wmhs 33 )

in this study , we aimed to evaluate the validity of the credos ischemia classification system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 validity
9 the 10 validity
10 validity 11 of
11 of 16 system
12 the 16 system
13 credos 16 system
14 ischemia 16 system
15 classification 16 system

a total of 352 patients with cognitive impairments were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 9 were
3 of 5 patients
4 352 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
6 with 8 impairments
7 cognitive 8 impairments
9 were 10 included

their wmh scores were rated using the credos wmh visual rating scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 their 3 scores
2 wmh 3 scores
3 scores 4 were
4 were 5 rated
5 rated 6 using
6 using 12 scale
7 the 12 scale
8 credos 9 wmh
9 wmh 12 scale
10 visual 11 rating
11 rating 12 scale

these patients were divided into 3 groups according to the credos ischemia classification system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 divided
4 divided 5 into
4 divided 9 to
5 into 7 groups
6 3 7 groups
8 according 9 to
9 to 14 system
10 the 14 system
11 credos 14 system
12 ischemia 14 system
13 classification 14 system

the volume of wmh was also automatically measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 volume
2 volume 3 of
2 volume 5 was
3 of 4 wmh
5 was 6 also
5 was 7 automatically
5 was 8 measured

the number of lacunes and microbleeds ( mbs ) were counted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 counted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 5 and
3 of 4 lacunes
5 and 6 microbleeds
5 and 8 mbs
5 and 10 were
7 ( 8 mbs
8 mbs 9 )
10 were 11 counted

the credos ischemia classification system was revised with factor analysis using vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease ( cvd ) markers ( wmh volume , lacunes , and mbs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 5 system
2 credos 3 ischemia
3 ischemia 5 system
4 classification 5 system
5 system 6 was
6 was 7 revised
7 revised 8 with
8 with 10 analysis
9 factor 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 using
11 using 21 markers
12 vascular 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
14 factors 15 and
15 and 17 disease
15 and 19 cvd
15 and 21 markers
16 cerebrovascular 17 disease
18 ( 19 cvd
19 cvd 20 )
21 markers 28 and
22 ( 28 and
23 wmh 24 volume
24 volume 25 ,
25 , 26 lacunes
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 mbs
28 and 30 )

external validation was performed in another group of patients with cognitive impairment using multinomial logistic regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 external 2 validation
2 validation 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 in
4 performed 10 with
5 in 9 patients
6 another 7 group
7 group 8 of
7 group 9 patients
8 of 9 patients
10 with 12 impairment
11 cognitive 12 impairment
12 impairment 13 using
13 using 17 analysis
14 multinomial 15 logistic
15 logistic 17 analysis
16 regression 17 analysis

the credos wmh visual rating scale showed excellent correlation [with] [the] automatically measured volume of wmh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 scale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 6 scale
2 credos 3 wmh
3 wmh 6 scale
4 visual 5 rating
5 rating 6 scale
6 scale 7 showed
7 showed 14 volume
8 excellent 9 correlation
9 correlation 14 volume
12 automatically 13 measured
13 measured 14 volume
14 volume 15 of
15 of 16 wmh

the factor analysis showed that the severe group was expanded to d3p1 and d3p2 in the revised credos ischemia classification system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 analysis
2 factor 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 8 group
5 that 10 expanded
6 the 8 group
7 severe 8 group
8 group 9 was
9 was 10 expanded
10 expanded 11 to
10 expanded 15 in
11 to 13 and
12 d3p1 13 and
13 and 14 d3p2
15 in 21 system
16 the 21 system
17 revised 21 system
18 credos 20 classification
19 ischemia 20 classification
20 classification 21 system

in the validation group , the presence of vascular risk factors and the severity of cvd markers could be distinguished according to the revised credos ischemia classification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 validation
1 in 12 and
2 the 3 validation
4 group 5 ,
5 , 7 presence
5 , 12 and
6 the 7 presence
7 presence 8 of
8 of 11 factors
9 vascular 11 factors
10 risk 11 factors
12 and 14 severity
12 and 15 of
12 and 18 could
13 the 14 severity
15 of 17 markers
16 cvd 17 markers
18 could 19 be
19 be 20 distinguished
20 distinguished 22 to
21 according 22 to
22 to 27 classification
23 the 27 classification
24 revised 27 classification
25 credos 26 ischemia
26 ischemia 27 classification

we validated a newly developed classification system for ischemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 we 2 validated
2 validated 7 system
3 a 7 system
4 newly 5 developed
5 developed 6 classification
6 classification 7 system
7 system 8 for
8 for 9 ischemia

this simple visual classification system was capable of providing information on vascular risk factors and cvd markers by simply rating wmh on magnetic resonance imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 5 system
2 simple 4 classification
3 visual 4 classification
4 classification 5 system
5 system 6 was
6 was 7 capable
7 capable 8 of
7 capable 22 on
8 of 9 providing
9 providing 10 information
9 providing 11 on
9 providing 18 by
11 on 15 and
12 vascular 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
14 factors 15 and
15 and 17 markers
16 cvd 17 markers
18 by 20 rating
19 simply 20 rating
20 rating 21 wmh
22 on 25 imaging
23 magnetic 24 resonance
24 resonance 25 imaging

[none] background : the consumption pattern characterized by high consumption of vegetables , fruit , fish , olive oil and red wine has been associated with improvements in the total antioxidant capacity of individuals and reduced incidence of diseases related to oxidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 background 3 :
3 : 20 and
4 the 6 pattern
5 consumption 6 pattern
6 pattern 7 characterized
6 pattern 13 ,
7 characterized 8 by
8 by 10 consumption
9 high 10 consumption
10 consumption 11 of
11 of 12 vegetables
13 , 14 fruit
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 fish
15 , 17 ,
17 , 19 oil
17 , 20 and
18 olive 19 oil
20 and 21 red
20 and 22 wine
20 and 33 of
22 wine 23 has
23 has 24 been
24 been 25 associated
25 associated 26 with
26 with 27 improvements
27 improvements 28 in
28 in 32 capacity
29 the 32 capacity
30 total 32 capacity
31 antioxidant 32 capacity
32 capacity 33 of
34 individuals 35 and
35 and 37 incidence
35 and 38 of
35 and 40 related
36 reduced 37 incidence
38 of 39 diseases
40 related 41 to
41 to 42 oxidation

also , high body iron levels may contribute to increase the oxidative stress by the generation of reactive oxygen species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 6 levels
3 high 6 levels
4 body 6 levels
5 iron 6 levels
6 levels 7 may
7 may 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
9 to 10 increase
10 increase 13 stress
10 increase 14 by
11 the 13 stress
12 oxidative 13 stress
14 by 16 generation
15 the 16 generation
16 generation 17 of
17 of 20 species
18 reactive 19 oxygen
19 oxygen 20 species

the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between antioxidant and pro - oxidant factors obtained from the diet and iron biomarkers on lipoprotein oxidation and total antioxidant capacity in a representative sample of the mediterranean population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 analyze
7 to 8 analyze
8 analyze 10 relationship
8 analyze 11 between
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 13 and
12 antioxidant 13 and
13 and 14 pro
15 - 17 factors
15 - 28 and
16 oxidant 17 factors
17 factors 18 obtained
17 factors 28 and
18 obtained 19 from
19 from 22 and
20 the 21 diet
21 diet 22 and
22 and 23 iron
24 biomarkers 25 on
24 biomarkers 28 and
25 on 27 oxidation
26 lipoprotein 27 oxidation
28 and 29 total
28 and 32 in
29 total 31 capacity
30 antioxidant 31 capacity
32 in 35 sample
33 a 34 representative
33 a 35 sample
34 representative 35 sample
35 sample 36 of
36 of 39 population
37 the 39 population
38 mediterranean 39 population

methods : cross - sectional prospective study , carried out with 815 randomly selected subjects ( 425 women and 390 men ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 7 study
5 sectional 7 study
6 prospective 7 study
7 study 9 carried
8 , 9 carried
9 carried 10 out
9 carried 11 with
9 carried 22 )
11 with 15 subjects
12 815 15 subjects
13 randomly 14 selected
14 selected 15 subjects
15 subjects 19 and
16 ( 19 and
17 425 18 women
18 women 19 and
19 and 21 men
19 and 22 )
20 390 21 men

dietary [assessment] ( 3 - day food records ) , iron biomarkers ( serum ferritin , serum iron and transferrin saturation ) , biochemical markers of lipoperoxidation ( tbars ) , antioxidant capacity ( orac ) and crp ( c - reactive protein ) were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 dietary 4 3
1 dietary 37 and
3 ( 4 3
4 3 8 records
4 3 12 biomarkers
4 3 19 and
4 3 36 )
5 - 8 records
6 day 8 records
7 food 8 records
8 records 9 )
10 , 12 biomarkers
11 iron 12 biomarkers
12 biomarkers 15 ferritin
12 biomarkers 16 ,
13 ( 15 ferritin
14 serum 15 ferritin
15 ferritin 16 ,
16 , 19 and
17 serum 18 iron
18 iron 19 and
19 and 21 saturation
19 and 22 )
19 and 25 markers
19 and 36 )
20 transferrin 21 saturation
23 , 25 markers
24 biochemical 25 markers
25 markers 26 of
25 markers 29 tbars
25 markers 33 capacity
25 markers 36 )
26 of 27 lipoperoxidation
28 ( 29 tbars
29 tbars 30 )
31 , 33 capacity
32 antioxidant 33 capacity
33 capacity 35 orac
33 capacity 36 )
34 ( 35 orac
35 orac 36 )
37 and 38 crp
37 and 45 were
38 crp 41 -
39 ( 41 -
40 c 41 -
41 - 43 protein
41 - 44 )
42 reactive 43 protein
45 were 46 determined

multiple linear regression ( mlr ) models were applied to analyze the association between diet factors and iron biomarkers on tbars and orac levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 multiple 7 models
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 5 mlr
4 ( 5 mlr
5 mlr 6 )
5 mlr 7 models
7 models 17 and
8 were 9 applied
8 were 17 and
9 applied 10 to
10 to 11 analyze
11 analyze 13 association
12 the 13 association
13 association 14 between
14 between 16 factors
15 diet 16 factors
17 and 18 iron
17 and 20 on
18 iron 19 biomarkers
20 on 22 and
21 tbars 22 and
22 and 24 levels
23 orac 24 levels

results : we observed that lipoperoxidation measured by tbars increased by age but no differences were observed by sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 observed
2 : 13 but
3 we 4 observed
4 observed 5 that
5 that 6 lipoperoxidation
5 that 10 increased
6 lipoperoxidation 7 measured
6 lipoperoxidation 10 increased
7 measured 8 by
8 by 9 tbars
10 increased 11 by
11 by 12 age
13 but 15 differences
13 but 17 observed
14 no 15 differences
15 differences 16 were
16 were 17 observed
17 observed 18 by
18 by 19 sex

antioxidant capacity measured by orac is independent of age and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 antioxidant 2 capacity
2 capacity 3 measured
2 capacity 6 is
3 measured 4 by
4 by 5 orac
6 is 10 and
7 independent 8 of
7 independent 10 and
8 of 9 age
10 and 11 sex

in general , increasing age , tobacco , heme iron intake from meat and fish and transferrin saturation were independently and positively associated with tbars , while [non] [-] heme iron was negatively associated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 5 age
1 in 8 ,
1 in 16 and
2 general 3 ,
2 general 5 age
4 increasing 5 age
5 age 7 tobacco
6 , 7 tobacco
7 tobacco 8 ,
9 heme 11 intake
10 iron 11 intake
11 intake 12 from
11 intake 14 and
12 from 13 meat
14 and 15 fish
14 and 16 and
16 and 18 saturation
16 and 19 were
17 transferrin 18 saturation
19 were 20 independently
21 and 31 iron
21 and 32 was
22 positively 31 iron
23 associated 24 with
23 associated 26 ,
23 associated 31 iron
24 with 25 tbars
27 while 30 heme
27 while 31 iron
31 iron 32 was
32 was 33 negatively
32 was 34 associated

vegetables , vitamin c intake and serum ferritin were positively associated with orac , whereas saturated fatty acids and meat intake were negatively associated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 vegetables 2 ,
2 , 5 intake
2 , 6 and
3 vitamin 4 c
3 vitamin 5 intake
6 and 8 ferritin
6 and 9 were
7 serum 8 ferritin
9 were 11 associated
10 positively 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 15 whereas
12 with 13 orac
14 , 15 whereas
15 whereas 19 and
16 saturated 18 acids
17 fatty 18 acids
18 acids 19 and
19 and 21 intake
19 and 22 were
20 meat 21 intake
22 were 24 associated
23 negatively 24 associated

conclusions : in our general population , we observed that oxidative stress is related to aging , but antioxidant capacity is not . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 we
2 : 9 observed
2 : 17 ,
2 : 23 .
3 in 6 population
3 in 7 ,
3 in 8 we
4 our 6 population
5 general 6 population
8 we 9 observed
9 observed 10 that
10 that 12 stress
10 that 14 related
11 oxidative 12 stress
12 stress 13 is
13 is 14 related
14 related 15 to
15 to 16 aging
17 , 18 but
17 , 21 is
18 but 19 antioxidant
18 but 21 is
20 capacity 21 is
21 is 22 not

the highest intake of dietary [non] - heme iron , vegetables and vitamin c intake exerts a protective effect against oxidation while the highest intake of dietary heme iron from meat and fish and saturated fatty acids are associated with increased oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 exerts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 highest
1 the 3 intake
3 intake 4 of
3 intake 16 exerts
4 of 12 and
5 dietary 7 -
5 dietary 9 iron
8 heme 9 iron
9 iron 10 ,
10 , 11 vegetables
10 , 12 and
12 and 15 intake
13 vitamin 14 c
13 vitamin 15 intake
16 exerts 19 effect
16 exerts 20 against
16 exerts 22 while
17 a 18 protective
17 a 19 effect
18 protective 19 effect
20 against 21 oxidation
22 while 34 and
22 while 39 associated
23 the 24 highest
23 the 25 intake
25 intake 26 of
25 intake 32 and
26 of 29 iron
27 dietary 29 iron
28 heme 29 iron
29 iron 30 from
30 from 31 meat
32 and 33 fish
32 and 34 and
34 and 37 acids
34 and 38 are
35 saturated 37 acids
36 fatty 37 acids
38 are 39 associated
39 associated 40 with
40 with 43 stress
41 increased 43 stress
42 oxidative 43 stress

high levels of circulating iron measured by transferrin saturation are associated with increased oxidative stress in women however its association with the higher levels of serum ferritin is controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 high 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 6 measured
2 levels 10 are
3 of 4 circulating
4 circulating 5 iron
6 measured 7 by
7 by 9 saturation
8 transferrin 9 saturation
10 are 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 18 however
12 with 15 stress
13 increased 15 stress
14 oxidative 15 stress
15 stress 16 in
16 in 17 women
18 however 20 association
18 however 28 is
19 its 20 association
20 association 21 with
20 association 25 of
20 association 28 is
21 with 24 levels
22 the 24 levels
23 higher 24 levels
25 of 27 ferritin
26 serum 27 ferritin
28 is 29 controversial

objective : to explore seroepidemiological status and vaccine coverage of hepatitis b in children aging under 15 years old in chaoyang [district] of beijing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 9 coverage
4 explore 13 in
5 seroepidemiological 6 status
6 status 7 and
7 and 8 vaccine
7 and 9 coverage
9 coverage 10 of
10 of 11 hepatitis
11 hepatitis 12 b
13 in 14 children
14 children 15 aging
14 children 16 under
14 children 19 old
16 under 18 years
17 15 18 years
19 old 20 in
20 in 21 chaoyang
21 chaoyang 23 of
23 of 24 beijing

methods : a total of 1602 children aging under 15 years old , residents or floating population who had lived here more than six months , were randomly selected by multistage cluster sampling , from chaoyang [district] of beijing in [year] 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 children
6 1602 7 children
7 children 8 aging
8 aging 9 under
8 aging 35 from
9 under 10 15
10 15 12 old
10 15 15 or
11 years 12 old
13 , 15 or
14 residents 15 or
15 or 17 population
15 or 18 who
15 or 26 ,
15 or 34 ,
16 floating 17 population
18 who 26 ,
19 had 20 lived
19 had 26 ,
20 lived 21 here
20 lived 22 more
20 lived 23 than
23 than 25 months
24 six 25 months
26 , 27 were
27 were 29 selected
28 randomly 29 selected
29 selected 30 by
30 by 33 sampling
31 multistage 33 sampling
32 cluster 33 sampling
35 from 36 chaoyang
36 chaoyang 38 of
36 chaoyang 40 in
38 of 39 beijing
40 in 42 2010

the demographic information and vaccine coverage of hepatitis b vaccine ( hepb ) were collected by self - designed questionnaire.5 [ml] blood was collected from each subject and the serum hbsag , anti - hbs and anti - hbc were detected by abbott microparticle enzyme - linked [immunoassay] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 17 self
2 demographic 3 information
3 information 4 and
4 and 6 coverage
4 and 7 of
4 and 10 vaccine
4 and 16 by
4 and 17 self
5 vaccine 6 coverage
7 of 8 hepatitis
8 hepatitis 9 b
10 vaccine 12 hepb
10 vaccine 14 were
11 ( 12 hepb
12 hepb 13 )
14 were 15 collected
15 collected 16 by
18 - 19 designed
18 - 23 was
18 - 32 ,
18 - 36 and
19 designed 23 was
20 questionnaire.5 22 blood
22 blood 23 was
23 was 24 collected
24 collected 25 from
25 from 28 and
26 each 27 subject
27 subject 28 and
28 and 31 hbsag
29 the 30 serum
30 serum 31 hbsag
32 , 35 hbs
33 anti 34 -
33 anti 35 hbs
36 and 39 hbc
36 and 41 detected
37 anti 38 -
37 anti 39 hbc
39 hbc 40 were
40 were 41 detected
41 detected 42 by
41 detected 46 -
41 detected 47 linked
42 by 45 enzyme
43 abbott 45 enzyme
44 microparticle 45 enzyme

those whose hbsag was positive were then tested hbeag and anti - hbe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 those 2 whose
1 those 10 and
2 whose 3 hbsag
3 hbsag 4 was
4 was 7 then
5 positive 6 were
6 were 7 then
7 then 8 tested
8 tested 9 hbeag
10 and 13 hbe
11 anti 12 -
11 anti 13 hbe

the positive rate of hepatitis b indicators and coverage rate of hepb in different population were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 rate
2 positive 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 17 compared
4 of 5 hepatitis
5 hepatitis 6 b
5 hepatitis 8 and
5 hepatitis 16 were
7 indicators 8 and
8 and 10 rate
8 and 11 of
8 and 16 were
9 coverage 10 rate
11 of 12 hepb
12 hepb 13 in
13 in 15 population
14 different 15 population

the positive rate of anti - hbs was statistically significant [(] χ ( 2 [ )(= 165.445 , p = 0.000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 rate
2 positive 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 8 was
4 of 7 hbs
5 anti 6 -
5 anti 7 hbs
8 was 9 statistically
8 was 12 χ
10 significant 12 χ
12 χ 16 )(=
12 χ 20 =
13 ( 16 )(=
14 2 16 )(=
16 )(= 17 165.445
16 )(= 18 ,
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.000
20 = 22 )

the positive rate of anti - hbs was up to 90.73 % ( 235/259 ) among 1 - 2 years old children , followed by 76.22 % ( 141/185 ) among 13 - 15 years old children , 67.21 % ( 166/247 ) among 3 - 4 years old children , 61.22 % ( 150/245 ) among 9 - 10 years old children , 60.68 % ( 142/234 ) among 11 - 12 years old children , 49.05 % ( 103/210 ) among 5 - 6 years old children [and] 40.99 % ( 91/222 ) among 7 - 8 years old children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 102 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 103 .
1 the 3 rate
2 positive 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 8 was
4 of 7 hbs
5 anti 6 -
5 anti 7 hbs
8 was 9 up
9 up 10 to
9 up 16 among
9 up 70 among
9 up 83 among
9 up 92 %
9 up 96 among
10 to 12 %
11 90.73 12 %
12 % 14 235/259
13 ( 14 235/259
14 235/259 15 )
16 among 22 children
17 1 22 children
18 - 19 2
19 2 20 years
20 years 22 children
21 old 22 children
22 children 24 followed
23 , 24 followed
24 followed 25 by
24 followed 31 among
24 followed 44 among
24 followed 57 among
24 followed 69 )
25 by 27 %
26 76.22 27 %
27 % 29 141/185
28 ( 29 141/185
29 141/185 30 )
31 among 37 children
32 13 33 -
33 - 34 15
33 - 35 years
35 years 37 children
36 old 37 children
37 children 40 %
38 , 40 %
39 67.21 40 %
40 % 42 166/247
40 % 43 )
41 ( 42 166/247
42 166/247 43 )
44 among 50 children
45 3 46 -
46 - 48 years
46 - 49 old
47 4 48 years
49 old 50 children
50 children 53 %
51 , 53 %
52 61.22 53 %
53 % 55 150/245
53 % 56 )
54 ( 55 150/245
55 150/245 56 )
57 among 63 children
58 9 59 -
59 - 60 10
59 - 63 children
60 10 61 years
61 years 63 children
62 old 63 children
63 children 66 %
64 , 66 %
65 60.68 66 %
66 % 68 142/234
66 % 69 )
67 ( 68 142/234
68 142/234 69 )
70 among 76 children
71 11 72 -
72 - 73 12
72 - 76 children
73 12 74 years
74 years 76 children
75 old 76 children
76 children 79 %
77 , 79 %
78 49.05 79 %
79 % 81 103/210
79 % 82 )
80 ( 81 103/210
81 103/210 82 )
83 among 89 children
84 5 85 -
85 - 86 6
85 - 89 children
86 6 87 years
87 years 88 old
88 old 89 children
91 40.99 92 %
92 % 94 91/222
93 ( 94 91/222
94 91/222 95 )
96 among 98 -
97 7 98 -
98 - 99 8
99 8 100 years
100 years 101 old
101 old 102 children

the average coverage rate of hepb was 90.44 % ( 1371/1516 ) , [separately] 93.76 % ( 661/705 ) in residents and 87.55 % [(] 719/811 [ )(in floating population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 rate
2 average 3 coverage
3 coverage 4 rate
4 rate 5 of
4 rate 7 was
5 of 6 hepb
7 was 9 %
7 was 20 in
8 90.44 9 %
9 % 11 1371/1516
9 % 16 %
10 ( 11 1371/1516
11 1371/1516 12 )
13 , 16 %
15 93.76 16 %
16 % 18 661/705
16 % 19 )
17 ( 18 661/705
18 661/705 19 )
20 in 22 and
21 residents 22 and
22 and 30 population
23 87.55 24 %
24 % 29 floating
26 719/811 28 )(in
28 )(in 29 floating
29 floating 30 population

the difference was statistically significant [(] χ ( 2 [ )(= 16.829 , p = 0.000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 was
3 was 4 statistically
3 was 7 χ
5 significant 7 χ
7 χ 11 )(=
7 χ 15 =
8 ( 11 )(=
9 2 11 )(=
11 )(= 12 16.829
11 )(= 13 ,
13 , 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.000
15 = 17 )

conclusion : hbsag positive [rate] in children under 15 years old in chaoyang [district] of beijing dropped to less than 1 % and the coverage rate of hepb had reached over 90 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 hbsag
3 hbsag 4 positive
3 hbsag 8 under
3 hbsag 11 old
3 hbsag 15 of
4 positive 6 in
6 in 7 children
8 under 10 years
9 15 10 years
11 old 12 in
12 in 13 chaoyang
15 of 16 beijing
16 beijing 17 dropped
17 dropped 18 to
18 to 22 %
19 less 20 than
20 than 21 1
21 1 22 %
23 and 26 rate
23 and 30 reached
24 the 26 rate
25 coverage 26 rate
26 rate 27 of
26 rate 29 had
27 of 28 hepb
29 had 30 reached
30 reached 31 over
30 reached 33 %
32 90 33 %

it is suggested that we should pay more attention to increase the coverage rate of hepb among floating children under 15 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 suggested
3 suggested 4 that
4 that 5 we
4 that 7 pay
5 we 6 should
6 should 7 pay
7 pay 9 attention
7 pay 10 to
7 pay 17 among
8 more 9 attention
10 to 11 increase
11 increase 14 rate
12 the 14 rate
13 coverage 14 rate
14 rate 15 of
15 of 16 hepb
17 among 18 floating
18 floating 19 children
19 children 20 under
19 children 23 old
20 under 21 15
22 years 23 old

background : borderline personality disorder ( bpd ) is well - known to be a [clinically] severe and impairing diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 personality
3 borderline 4 personality
4 personality 7 bpd
4 personality 10 well
5 disorder 7 bpd
6 ( 7 bpd
7 bpd 8 )
7 bpd 9 is
9 is 10 well
10 well 12 known
11 - 12 known
12 known 13 to
12 known 21 .
13 to 14 be
14 be 20 diagnosis
15 a 20 diagnosis
17 severe 18 and
18 and 19 impairing
18 and 20 diagnosis

research shows that bpd symptoms decrease in severity over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 research 2 shows
2 shows 3 that
3 that 5 symptoms
3 that 6 decrease
4 bpd 5 symptoms
5 symptoms 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 in
6 decrease 9 over
7 in 8 severity
9 over 10 time

however , [a] subset [of] patients with bpd continue to meet criteria for the disorder in older adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 continue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 patients
4 subset 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 9 continue
7 with 8 bpd
9 continue 10 to
9 continue 11 meet
10 to 11 meet
11 meet 12 criteria
11 meet 16 in
12 criteria 13 for
13 for 15 disorder
14 the 15 disorder
16 in 18 adulthood
17 older 18 adulthood

little is known about this subset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
4 about 6 subset
5 this 6 subset

perception of bpd as a young - person 's diagnosis could lead [to] under recognition in older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 perception
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 perception 2 of
1 perception 11 could
2 of 3 bpd
3 bpd 4 as
4 as 10 diagnosis
5 a 6 young
5 a 8 person
6 young 7 -
6 young 8 person
8 person 9 's
9 's 10 diagnosis
11 could 12 lead
12 lead 14 under
12 lead 16 in
14 under 15 recognition
16 in 18 patients
17 older 18 patients

as [such] [,] the objective of the present report is to provide the first direct comparison between older and younger adults with bpd on demographics , clinical presentation , and functional impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 direct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 as 5 objective
1 as 10 is
1 as 14 first
4 the 5 objective
5 objective 6 of
5 objective 10 is
6 of 9 report
7 the 9 report
8 present 9 report
10 is 11 to
11 to 12 provide
13 the 14 first
14 first 15 direct
15 direct 16 comparison
15 direct 17 between
17 between 30 and
18 older 19 and
19 and 20 younger
19 and 21 adults
21 adults 22 with
21 adults 26 ,
22 with 23 bpd
23 bpd 24 on
24 on 25 demographics
26 , 28 presentation
26 , 30 and
27 clinical 28 presentation
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 impairment
31 functional 32 impairment

method : over 3000 psychiatric outpatients were evaluated with semi - structured diagnostic interviews . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 outpatients
2 : 8 evaluated
2 : 15 .
3 over 4 3000
4 3000 6 outpatients
5 psychiatric 6 outpatients
6 outpatients 7 were
7 were 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 with
9 with 14 interviews
10 semi 11 -
10 semi 14 interviews
12 structured 14 interviews
13 diagnostic 14 interviews

forty - six older adults ( age 45 - 68 ) and 97 younger adults ( age 18 - 25 ) met criteria for bpd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 forty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 - 5 adults
2 - 12 and
3 six 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 7 age
6 ( 7 age
7 age 9 -
7 age 11 )
8 45 9 -
9 - 10 68
12 and 15 adults
12 and 22 met
13 97 15 adults
14 younger 15 adults
15 adults 17 age
15 adults 22 met
16 ( 17 age
17 age 19 -
17 age 21 )
18 18 19 -
19 - 20 25
22 met 23 criteria
23 criteria 24 for
24 for 25 bpd

results : both groups reported high levels of functional impairment and axis i comorbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 4 groups
2 : 5 reported
3 both 4 groups
4 groups 5 reported
5 reported 7 levels
6 high 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
8 of 11 and
9 functional 10 impairment
10 impairment 11 and
11 and 14 comorbidity
12 axis 13 i
12 axis 14 comorbidity

older adults were more likely to endorse chronic emptiness , and less likely to endorse impulsivity , self - harm , and affective instability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 were
3 were 4 more
3 were 11 and
5 likely 6 to
5 likely 7 endorse
5 likely 11 and
6 to 7 endorse
7 endorse 9 emptiness
8 chronic 9 emptiness
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 likely
12 less 13 likely
13 likely 14 to
13 likely 15 endorse
14 to 15 endorse
15 endorse 16 impulsivity
17 , 18 self
17 , 19 -
19 - 22 and
19 - 25 .
20 harm 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 instability
23 affective 24 instability

older adults also reported fewer substance use disorders , more lifetime hospitalizations and higher social impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 4 reported
3 also 4 reported
4 reported 16 impairment
5 fewer 8 disorders
6 substance 8 disorders
7 use 8 disorders
8 disorders 9 ,
9 , 12 hospitalizations
9 , 13 and
10 more 12 hospitalizations
11 lifetime 12 hospitalizations
13 and 14 higher
13 and 16 impairment
15 social 16 impairment

conclusion : older adults with bpd had a significantly different clinical presentation from younger adults with bpd , including differences in likelihood of endorsing specific bpd criteria , social impairment , and comorbid substance use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 4 adults
2 : 7 had
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 7 had
5 with 6 bpd
7 had 32 and
8 a 12 presentation
9 significantly 10 different
10 different 12 presentation
11 clinical 12 presentation
12 presentation 13 from
12 presentation 16 with
12 presentation 32 and
13 from 15 adults
14 younger 15 adults
16 with 17 bpd
17 bpd 19 including
18 , 19 including
19 including 20 differences
19 including 31 ,
20 differences 21 in
20 differences 30 impairment
21 in 22 likelihood
22 likelihood 23 of
23 of 24 endorsing
24 endorsing 27 criteria
25 specific 27 criteria
26 bpd 27 criteria
28 , 30 impairment
29 social 30 impairment
30 impairment 31 ,
32 and 35 use
33 comorbid 35 use
34 substance 35 use

it is important to assess less prototypic features of bpd to avoid overlooking borderline personality features in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 avoid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 important
3 important 4 to
3 important 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 8 features
5 assess 11 to
6 less 7 prototypic
7 prototypic 8 features
8 features 9 of
9 of 10 bpd
11 to 12 avoid
12 avoid 13 overlooking
13 overlooking 16 features
14 borderline 15 personality
15 personality 16 features
16 features 17 in
17 in 19 population
18 this 19 population

down [syndrome] ( ds ) is the result of triplication of chromosome 21 ( trisomy 21 ) and is the prevailing cause of mental retardation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 down 4 ds
3 ( 4 ds
4 ds 5 )
4 ds 18 and
6 is 8 result
6 is 18 and
7 the 8 result
8 result 9 of
9 of 10 triplication
10 triplication 11 of
11 of 12 chromosome
12 chromosome 13 21
12 chromosome 15 trisomy
14 ( 15 trisomy
15 trisomy 16 21
15 trisomy 17 )
18 and 19 is
19 is 22 cause
20 the 22 cause
21 prevailing 22 cause
22 cause 23 of
23 of 25 retardation
24 mental 25 retardation

in addition to the mental deficiencies and physical anomalies noted at birth , triplication of chromosome 21 gene products results in the neuropathological and cognitive changes of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 10 noted
3 to 7 and
4 the 6 deficiencies
5 mental 6 deficiencies
6 deficiencies 7 and
7 and 9 anomalies
8 physical 9 anomalies
10 noted 11 at
11 at 12 birth
13 , 14 triplication
13 , 20 results
14 triplication 15 of
14 triplication 20 results
15 of 19 products
16 chromosome 18 gene
17 21 18 gene
18 gene 19 products
20 results 21 in
21 in 26 changes
22 the 26 changes
23 neuropathological 24 and
24 and 25 cognitive
24 and 26 changes
26 changes 27 of
26 changes 32 ad
27 of 30 disease
28 alzheimer 29 's
29 's 30 disease
31 ( 32 ad
32 ad 33 )

mapping of the gene that encodes the precursor protein ( app ) of the β - amyloid ( aβ ) present in the aβ plaques in both ad and ds to chromosome 21 was strong evidence that this chromosome 21 gene product was a principal neuropathogenic culprit in ad as well as ds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mapping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 mapping 2 of
1 mapping 13 of
1 mapping 34 was
2 of 4 gene
3 the 4 gene
4 gene 5 that
4 gene 6 encodes
5 that 6 encodes
6 encodes 9 protein
7 the 9 protein
8 precursor 9 protein
9 protein 11 app
10 ( 11 app
11 app 12 )
13 of 21 present
14 the 21 present
15 β 17 amyloid
15 β 21 present
16 - 17 amyloid
17 amyloid 19 aβ
17 amyloid 20 )
18 ( 19 aβ
19 aβ 20 )
21 present 22 in
21 present 31 to
22 in 25 plaques
23 the 25 plaques
24 aβ 25 plaques
25 plaques 26 in
26 in 30 ds
27 both 30 ds
28 ad 29 and
29 and 30 ds
31 to 32 chromosome
32 chromosome 33 21
34 was 36 evidence
35 strong 36 evidence
36 evidence 37 that
37 that 42 product
37 that 43 was
38 this 42 product
39 chromosome 42 product
40 21 41 gene
41 gene 42 product
42 product 43 was
43 was 47 culprit
44 a 47 culprit
45 principal 47 culprit
46 neuropathogenic 47 culprit
47 culprit 48 in
47 culprit 50 as
47 culprit 52 as
48 in 49 ad
50 as 51 well
52 as 53 ds

the discovery of neuroinflammatory changes , including dramatic proliferation [of] activated glia overexpressing a chromosome 2 gene product -- the pluripotent immune cytokine interleukin - 1 ( il - 1 ) -- and a chromosome 21 gene product -- s100b -- in the brains of fetuses , neonates , and children with ds opened the possibility that early events in alzheimer pathogenesis were driven by cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changes
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 5 changes
3 of 4 neuroinflammatory
5 changes 7 including
5 changes 26 1
6 , 7 including
7 including 12 glia
7 including 25 -
8 dramatic 9 proliferation
9 proliferation 11 activated
11 activated 12 glia
12 glia 13 overexpressing
13 overexpressing 18 product
14 a 18 product
15 chromosome 18 product
16 2 17 gene
17 gene 18 product
18 product 24 interleukin
19 -- 24 interleukin
20 the 24 interleukin
21 pluripotent 24 interleukin
22 immune 23 cytokine
23 cytokine 24 interleukin
24 interleukin 25 -
26 1 33 and
26 1 40 s100b
27 ( 33 and
28 il 30 1
28 il 33 and
29 - 30 1
30 1 31 )
32 -- 33 and
33 and 38 product
33 and 39 --
34 a 38 product
35 chromosome 38 product
36 21 38 product
37 gene 38 product
39 -- 40 s100b
40 s100b 42 in
40 s100b 67 .
41 -- 42 in
42 in 50 and
42 in 67 .
43 the 44 brains
44 brains 45 of
44 brains 47 ,
45 of 46 fetuses
47 , 48 neonates
47 , 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 children
50 and 52 with
50 and 64 driven
52 with 53 ds
53 ds 54 opened
53 ds 59 events
53 ds 63 were
55 the 59 events
56 possibility 59 events
57 that 58 early
58 early 59 events
59 events 60 in
59 events 63 were
60 in 62 pathogenesis
61 alzheimer 62 pathogenesis
64 driven 65 by
65 by 66 cytokines

the specific chromosome 21 gene products and the complexity of the mechanisms they engender that give rise to the neuroinflammatory responses noted in fetal development of the ds brain and their potential as accelerators of alzheimer neuropathogenesis in ds are topics of this review , particularly as they relate to development and propagation of neuroinflammation , the consequences of which are recognized clinically and neuropathologically as alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 rise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 70 .
1 the 6 products
2 specific 6 products
3 chromosome 6 products
4 21 5 gene
5 gene 6 products
6 products 7 and
7 and 9 complexity
7 and 15 that
7 and 16 give
7 and 17 rise
8 the 9 complexity
9 complexity 10 of
10 of 12 mechanisms
11 the 12 mechanisms
12 mechanisms 13 they
12 mechanisms 14 engender
13 they 14 engender
15 that 16 give
17 rise 18 to
18 to 20 neuroinflammatory
19 the 20 neuroinflammatory
21 responses 22 noted
22 noted 23 in
23 in 25 development
24 fetal 25 development
25 development 26 of
26 of 29 brain
27 the 29 brain
28 ds 29 brain
30 and 32 potential
30 and 49 relate
31 their 32 potential
32 potential 33 as
32 potential 35 of
32 potential 38 in
32 potential 40 are
33 as 34 accelerators
35 of 37 neuropathogenesis
36 alzheimer 37 neuropathogenesis
38 in 39 ds
40 are 41 topics
41 topics 42 of
42 of 44 review
43 this 44 review
45 , 46 particularly
45 , 49 relate
47 as 48 they
47 as 49 relate
48 they 49 relate
49 relate 50 to
50 to 52 and
51 development 52 and
52 and 53 propagation
52 and 56 ,
52 and 58 consequences
52 and 62 recognized
53 propagation 54 of
54 of 55 neuroinflammation
57 the 58 consequences
58 consequences 59 of
58 consequences 62 recognized
59 of 60 which
60 which 61 are
62 recognized 64 and
62 recognized 66 as
63 clinically 64 and
64 and 65 neuropathologically
66 as 69 disease
67 alzheimer 68 's
68 's 69 disease

the theory of cognitive reserve attempts to explain why some individuals are more resilient to age - related brain pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 theory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 attempts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 the 2 theory
2 theory 3 of
2 theory 6 attempts
3 of 5 reserve
4 cognitive 5 reserve
6 attempts 7 to
6 attempts 15 to
6 attempts 16 age
7 to 8 explain
8 explain 9 why
9 why 11 individuals
9 why 12 are
10 some 11 individuals
11 individuals 12 are
12 are 14 resilient
13 more 14 resilient
15 to 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 20 pathology
18 related 21 .
19 brain 20 pathology

efforts to explore reserve have been hindered by measurement difficulties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hindered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 efforts 2 to
1 efforts 3 explore
1 efforts 5 have
2 to 3 explore
3 explore 4 reserve
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 hindered
7 hindered 8 by
8 by 10 difficulties
9 measurement 10 difficulties

reed [et] [al] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .

( [2010] [ )(proposed quantifying reserve as residual variance in episodic memory performance that remains after accounting for demographic factors and brain pathology ( whole brain , hippocampal , and white matter hyperintensity volumes ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 (
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 )(proposed
1 ( 4 )(proposed
4 )(proposed 5 quantifying
4 )(proposed 36 .
5 quantifying 6 reserve
6 reserve 7 as
6 reserve 14 that
6 reserve 15 remains
7 as 9 variance
8 residual 9 variance
9 variance 10 in
10 in 13 performance
11 episodic 12 memory
12 memory 13 performance
14 that 15 remains
15 remains 16 after
15 remains 18 for
16 after 17 accounting
18 for 21 and
19 demographic 20 factors
20 factors 21 and
21 and 23 pathology
21 and 30 and
22 brain 23 pathology
24 ( 30 and
25 whole 26 brain
26 brain 27 ,
27 , 28 hippocampal
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 34 volumes
30 and 35 )
31 white 33 hyperintensity
32 matter 33 hyperintensity
33 hyperintensity 34 volumes

this residual variance represents the discrepancy between an individual ’s predicted and actual memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 residual
2 residual 3 variance
3 variance 4 represents
4 represents 12 and
5 the 6 discrepancy
6 discrepancy 7 between
6 discrepancy 11 predicted
6 discrepancy 12 and
7 between 10 ’s
8 an 9 individual
9 individual 10 ’s
12 and 15 performance
13 actual 14 memory
14 memory 15 performance

results support this operational measure of reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 results 2 support
2 support 7 reserve
3 this 5 measure
4 operational 5 measure
5 measure 6 of
5 measure 7 reserve
6 of 7 reserve

the residual reserve variable was associated with higher reading ability , lower likelihood of meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment , lower odds of dementia conversion in dependent [of] age , and less decline in language abilities over 3 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 4 variable
2 residual 4 variable
3 reserve 4 variable
4 variable 5 was
5 was 11 ,
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 11 ,
7 with 10 ability
8 higher 10 ability
9 reading 10 ability
11 , 12 lower
11 , 35 in
11 , 38 over
12 lower 13 likelihood
13 likelihood 14 of
14 of 15 meeting
15 meeting 32 and
16 criteria 17 for
16 criteria 32 and
17 for 20 impairment
18 mild 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment
20 impairment 23 odds
21 , 23 odds
22 lower 23 odds
23 odds 24 of
23 odds 27 in
23 odds 31 ,
24 of 26 conversion
25 dementia 26 conversion
27 in 30 age
28 dependent 30 age
32 and 33 less
32 and 34 decline
35 in 37 abilities
36 language 37 abilities
38 over 40 years
39 3 40 years

finally , the residual reserve variable moderated the negative impact of memory variance explained by brain pathology on language [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 variable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 moderated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 6 variable
3 the 6 variable
4 residual 5 reserve
5 reserve 6 variable
6 variable 7 moderated
7 moderated 10 impact
8 the 10 impact
9 negative 10 impact
10 impact 11 of
10 impact 14 explained
11 of 13 variance
12 memory 13 variance
14 explained 15 by
15 by 17 pathology
16 brain 17 pathology
17 pathology 18 on
18 on 19 language

this method has the potential to facilitate research on the mechanisms of cognitive reserve and the efficacy of interventions designed to impart reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 method
2 method 3 has
3 has 5 potential
3 has 6 to
4 the 5 potential
6 to 7 facilitate
7 facilitate 8 research
7 facilitate 9 on
9 on 11 mechanisms
10 the 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 of
11 mechanisms 20 designed
12 of 15 and
13 cognitive 14 reserve
14 reserve 15 and
15 and 17 efficacy
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 efficacy
18 of 19 interventions
20 designed 21 to
20 designed 22 impart
21 to 22 impart
22 impart 23 reserve

similar to oxygen , iron is essential for aerobic life and energy production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 iron
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 similar 2 to
1 similar 4 ,
1 similar 5 iron
2 to 3 oxygen
5 iron 6 is
6 is 7 essential
7 essential 8 for
8 for 11 and
9 aerobic 10 life
10 life 11 and
11 and 13 production
12 energy 13 production

akin to oxygen , iron can be toxic and accelerate the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 iron
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 akin 2 to
2 to 3 oxygen
2 to 4 ,
2 to 5 iron
5 iron 6 can
6 can 9 and
7 be 8 toxic
7 be 9 and
9 and 10 accelerate
10 accelerate 13 process
11 the 13 process
12 aging 13 process

indeed , via the fenton and haber weiss reactions , iron potentiates the generation of highly reactive oxygen free radicals such as hydroxyl radical , thus stimulating oxidative damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 iron
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 potentiates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 11 iron
2 , 3 via
3 via 6 and
3 via 10 ,
3 via 11 iron
4 the 5 fenton
5 fenton 6 and
6 and 9 reactions
7 haber 8 weiss
8 weiss 9 reactions
11 iron 12 potentiates
12 potentiates 14 generation
13 the 14 generation
14 generation 15 of
14 generation 22 as
15 of 20 radicals
16 highly 17 reactive
17 reactive 18 oxygen
18 oxygen 20 radicals
19 free 20 radicals
21 such 22 as
22 as 29 damage
23 hydroxyl 29 damage
24 radical 25 ,
24 radical 29 damage
26 thus 27 stimulating
27 stimulating 29 damage
28 oxidative 29 damage

the possibility that women 's longer life span relates to a lower iron status due to iron loss during reproductive life has been considered as a valid hypothesis , while hemochromatosis [has] [been] proposed as a model of iron overload to examine the effects of iron on the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 possibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 the 2 possibility
2 possibility 3 that
2 possibility 22 has
3 that 8 span
3 that 9 relates
4 women 5 's
5 's 8 span
6 longer 8 span
7 life 8 span
8 span 9 relates
9 relates 10 to
9 relates 14 status
9 relates 16 to
9 relates 19 during
10 to 13 iron
11 a 13 iron
12 lower 13 iron
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 loss
17 iron 18 loss
19 during 21 life
20 reproductive 21 life
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 considered
24 considered 25 as
25 as 28 hypothesis
26 a 28 hypothesis
27 valid 28 hypothesis
29 , 40 overload
30 while 31 hemochromatosis
30 while 40 overload
31 hemochromatosis 34 proposed
34 proposed 35 as
35 as 37 model
36 a 37 model
37 model 38 of
38 of 39 iron
40 overload 41 to
40 overload 50 process
41 to 42 examine
42 examine 44 effects
42 examine 47 on
43 the 44 effects
44 effects 45 of
45 of 46 iron
47 on 49 aging
48 the 49 aging

iron plays an aggravating role in many diseases in which iron deprivation has been shown to be beneficial including ischaemia - reperfusion injury , neurological disorders and muscle diseases such as duchenne 's muscular dystrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 iron 2 plays
2 plays 5 role
2 plays 16 to
3 an 5 role
4 aggravating 5 role
5 role 6 in
5 role 9 in
6 in 8 diseases
7 many 8 diseases
9 in 10 which
9 in 11 iron
9 in 12 deprivation
9 in 15 shown
10 which 11 iron
12 deprivation 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 shown
16 to 17 be
17 be 27 and
17 be 31 as
18 beneficial 19 including
18 beneficial 24 ,
19 including 23 injury
20 ischaemia 21 -
20 ischaemia 22 reperfusion
22 reperfusion 23 injury
24 , 26 disorders
24 , 27 and
25 neurological 26 disorders
27 and 29 diseases
28 muscle 29 diseases
30 such 31 as
31 as 35 dystrophy
32 duchenne 33 's
33 's 35 dystrophy
34 muscular 35 dystrophy

in the skin , excess iron combined with uv radiation exerts pro [-] oxidant effects while scavenging of free iron prevents or inhibits the toxic effects of uv radiation on both nude mice and human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 iron
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 3 skin
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 iron
2 the 3 skin
5 excess 6 iron
6 iron 7 combined
6 iron 10 radiation
6 iron 11 exerts
6 iron 15 effects
7 combined 8 with
8 with 9 uv
10 radiation 11 exerts
11 exerts 14 oxidant
12 pro 14 oxidant
15 effects 16 while
15 effects 29 radiation
15 effects 30 on
16 while 17 scavenging
16 while 22 or
17 scavenging 18 of
17 scavenging 22 or
18 of 20 iron
19 free 20 iron
21 prevents 22 or
22 or 23 inhibits
22 or 26 effects
24 the 26 effects
25 toxic 26 effects
26 effects 27 of
27 of 28 uv
30 on 34 and
31 both 34 and
32 nude 33 mice
33 mice 34 and
34 and 36 skin
35 human 36 skin

in this review , we propose that iron chelators and/or iron deprivation might play a significant role in the prevention of aging - associated diseases and conditions , in particular in the skin , and increase quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 propose
6 propose 7 that
7 that 8 iron
7 that 14 play
8 iron 9 chelators
9 chelators 10 and/or
10 and/or 12 deprivation
11 iron 12 deprivation
12 deprivation 13 might
13 might 14 play
14 play 17 role
14 play 30 particular
14 play 31 in
15 a 17 role
16 significant 17 role
17 role 18 in
17 role 21 of
17 role 26 and
18 in 20 prevention
19 the 20 prevention
21 of 22 aging
23 - 26 and
24 associated 25 diseases
25 diseases 26 and
26 and 27 conditions
26 and 28 ,
29 in 30 particular
31 in 35 and
32 the 33 skin
33 skin 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 quality
36 increase 37 quality
37 quality 38 of
38 of 39 life

controlled iron deprivation might be achieved by regular blood donation in which case the quality of life of both the donor and the recipient is improved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deprivation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 controlled 2 iron
2 iron 3 deprivation
3 deprivation 4 might
4 might 5 be
5 be 6 achieved
6 achieved 7 by
7 by 10 donation
8 regular 9 blood
9 blood 10 donation
10 donation 11 in
11 in 12 which
11 in 13 case
11 in 15 quality
11 in 26 improved
12 which 13 case
14 the 15 quality
15 quality 16 of
15 quality 18 of
15 quality 25 is
16 of 17 life
18 of 22 and
19 both 22 and
20 the 21 donor
21 donor 22 and
22 and 24 recipient
23 the 24 recipient
25 is 26 improved

increasing the frequency of blood donation may thus significantly contribute to both individual and social wellbeing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 increasing 3 frequency
1 increasing 7 may
2 the 3 frequency
3 frequency 4 of
4 of 6 donation
5 blood 6 donation
7 may 10 contribute
8 thus 10 contribute
9 significantly 10 contribute
10 contribute 11 to
11 to 14 and
12 both 14 and
13 individual 14 and
14 and 16 wellbeing
15 social 16 wellbeing

furthermore , we propose the skin as an accessible model for the study of aging and the effects of iron / iron deprivation on the aging mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 propose
4 propose 6 skin
4 propose 7 as
4 propose 11 for
5 the 6 skin
7 as 10 model
8 an 9 accessible
8 an 10 model
9 accessible 10 model
11 for 16 and
12 the 13 study
13 study 14 of
13 study 16 and
14 of 15 aging
16 and 18 effects
16 and 19 of
17 the 18 effects
19 of 20 iron
20 iron 21 /
20 iron 24 on
21 / 23 deprivation
22 iron 23 deprivation
24 on 27 mechanisms
25 the 27 mechanisms
26 aging 27 mechanisms

finally , we suggest that the development of topical iron chelators might represent a novel and simple approach to prevent skin aging , when such prevention has proven an important factor in increasing [an] aging populations ' quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 prevent
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 7 development
5 that 20 prevent
6 the 7 development
7 development 8 of
8 of 10 iron
9 topical 10 iron
10 iron 11 chelators
10 iron 19 to
11 chelators 12 might
12 might 13 represent
13 represent 18 approach
13 represent 19 to
14 a 18 approach
15 novel 16 and
16 and 17 simple
16 and 18 approach
20 prevent 21 skin
20 prevent 24 when
21 skin 22 aging
23 , 24 when
24 when 26 prevention
24 when 28 proven
24 when 41 .
25 such 26 prevention
26 prevention 27 has
27 has 28 proven
28 proven 31 factor
29 an 31 factor
30 important 31 factor
31 factor 32 in
31 factor 35 aging
32 in 33 increasing
35 aging 38 quality
36 populations 37 '
37 ' 38 quality
38 quality 39 of
39 of 40 life

objective : to determine whether there is an association between sleep position and the appearance of facial wrinkles and facial descent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 22 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 10 between
5 whether 6 there
5 whether 7 is
6 there 7 is
7 is 9 association
8 an 9 association
10 between 19 and
11 sleep 12 position
12 position 13 and
13 and 15 appearance
13 and 16 of
13 and 19 and
14 the 15 appearance
16 of 18 wrinkles
17 facial 18 wrinkles
19 and 21 descent
20 facial 21 descent

materials and methods : one hundred women were questioned about their sleep position preference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 women
4 : 9 questioned
4 : 15 .
5 one 6 hundred
6 hundred 7 women
7 women 8 were
8 were 9 questioned
9 questioned 10 about
10 about 14 preference
11 their 14 preference
12 sleep 14 preference
13 position 14 preference

an independent expert observer evaluated frontal images with digital laterality randomization to identify the side with more wrinkles and more ptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 an 4 observer
2 independent 4 observer
3 expert 4 observer
4 observer 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 7 images
5 evaluated 8 with
6 frontal 7 images
8 with 11 randomization
9 digital 10 laterality
10 laterality 11 randomization
11 randomization 12 to
11 randomization 13 identify
12 to 13 identify
13 identify 15 side
13 identify 16 with
14 the 15 side
16 with 21 ptosis
17 more 18 wrinkles
18 wrinkles 19 and
19 and 20 more
19 and 21 ptosis

results : forty - one right - sided sleepers and 23 left - [sided] sleepers were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 forty
2 : 8 sided
2 : 10 and
2 : 18 .
3 forty 6 right
3 forty 8 sided
4 - 6 right
5 one 6 right
6 right 7 -
8 sided 9 sleepers
10 and 15 sleepers
10 and 17 identified
11 23 15 sleepers
12 left 13 -
12 left 15 sleepers
15 sleepers 16 were
16 were 17 identified

[there] was statistical independence between sleep [side] and side with more wrinkles and between sleep side and side with more facial ptosis according to the pearson chi - square test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
2 was 4 independence
2 was 17 and
3 statistical 4 independence
4 independence 5 between
4 independence 13 and
5 between 8 and
6 sleep 8 and
8 and 9 side
10 with 12 wrinkles
10 with 13 and
11 more 12 wrinkles
13 and 14 between
14 between 15 sleep
16 side 17 and
17 and 18 side
18 side 19 with
18 side 24 to
19 with 22 ptosis
20 more 22 ptosis
21 facial 22 ptosis
23 according 24 to
24 to 27 chi
25 the 27 chi
26 pearson 27 chi
28 - 30 test
28 - 31 .
29 square 30 test

conclusion : sleep side preference was not significantly correlated with the appearance of wrinkles or facial descent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 preference
2 : 9 correlated
2 : 18 .
3 sleep 5 preference
4 side 5 preference
5 preference 6 was
6 was 7 not
6 was 8 significantly
6 was 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 12 appearance
11 the 12 appearance
12 appearance 13 of
13 of 15 or
14 wrinkles 15 or
15 or 17 descent
16 facial 17 descent

objectives : to determine whether alcohol use changes over time in older adults and whether alcohol intake is associated with common chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
5 whether 7 use
5 whether 8 changes
6 alcohol 7 use
7 use 8 changes
8 changes 9 over
8 changes 10 time
8 changes 11 in
8 changes 20 with
11 in 14 and
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 and
14 and 15 whether
14 and 17 intake
14 and 18 is
14 and 19 associated
16 alcohol 17 intake
17 intake 18 is
20 with 23 diseases
21 common 23 diseases
22 chronic 23 diseases

design : twenty - four - year longitudinal study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 -
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 four
6 - 9 study
7 year 9 study
8 longitudinal 9 study

setting : southern california community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 community
2 : 6 .
3 southern 4 california
4 california 5 community

participants : one thousand seventy - six members of the rancho bernardo cohort aged 50 to 89 at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 5 seventy
3 one 4 thousand
4 thousand 5 seventy
6 - 8 members
7 six 8 members
8 members 9 of
8 members 14 aged
9 of 13 cohort
10 the 13 cohort
11 rancho 12 bernardo
12 bernardo 13 cohort
14 aged 16 to
14 aged 18 at
15 50 16 to
16 to 17 89
18 at 19 baseline

measurements : participants completed two to six research visits at approximately 4 - year intervals between 1984 and 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 8 research
2 : 13 -
2 : 20 .
3 participants 4 completed
3 participants 8 research
4 completed 6 to
5 two 6 to
6 to 7 six
8 research 9 visits
8 research 10 at
10 at 12 4
11 approximately 12 4
13 - 15 intervals
14 year 15 intervals
15 intervals 18 and
16 between 18 and
17 1984 18 and
18 and 19 2009

at each visit , participants completed standard questionnaires on alcohol use , chronic diseases , and behaviors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 at 3 visit
1 at 4 ,
1 at 5 participants
2 each 3 visit
5 participants 6 completed
6 completed 8 questionnaires
6 completed 9 on
7 standard 8 questionnaires
9 on 16 and
10 alcohol 11 use
11 use 12 ,
12 , 14 diseases
12 , 16 and
13 chronic 14 diseases
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 behaviors

mixed - effects linear models were used to examine changes in average weekly alcohol intake over time and in relationship [to] health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 average
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 mixed 2 -
1 mixed 3 effects
3 effects 5 models
3 effects 11 in
3 effects 12 average
4 linear 5 models
5 models 6 were
6 were 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 10 changes
9 examine 11 in
12 average 15 intake
12 average 18 and
13 weekly 14 alcohol
14 alcohol 15 intake
16 over 17 time
16 over 18 and
18 and 19 in
19 in 23 status
20 relationship 23 status
22 health 23 status

results : prevalence and frequency of alcohol use was high throughout the study , with more than 60 % of participants reporting weekly alcohol intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 prevalence
4 and 5 frequency
4 and 9 was
5 frequency 6 of
5 frequency 9 was
6 of 8 use
7 alcohol 8 use
9 was 10 high
10 high 11 throughout
10 high 15 with
11 throughout 13 study
12 the 13 study
14 , 15 with
15 with 19 %
15 with 26 .
16 more 17 than
17 than 18 60
18 60 19 %
19 % 20 of
20 of 21 participants
21 participants 22 reporting
22 reporting 25 intake
23 weekly 24 alcohol
24 alcohol 25 intake

the average amount consumed declined with advancing age , regardless of the presence of any of the eight most common chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 amount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 declined
1 the 3 amount
2 average 3 amount
3 amount 4 consumed
3 amount 5 declined
5 declined 6 with
6 with 7 advancing
7 advancing 8 age
7 advancing 11 of
9 , 11 of
10 regardless 11 of
11 of 13 presence
11 of 23 .
12 the 13 presence
13 presence 14 of
14 of 15 any
15 any 16 of
16 of 22 diseases
17 the 18 eight
18 eight 22 diseases
19 most 20 common
20 common 22 diseases
21 chronic 22 diseases

prevalence of drinking in excess of age - and sex - specific low - risk guidelines was high across all visits and did not vary according to disease burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 prevalence 2 of
1 prevalence 22 and
2 of 3 drinking
3 drinking 4 in
4 in 5 excess
5 excess 6 of
6 of 16 guidelines
7 age 9 and
8 - 9 and
9 and 10 sex
9 and 11 -
9 and 16 guidelines
12 specific 16 guidelines
13 low 14 -
13 low 16 guidelines
15 risk 16 guidelines
17 was 18 high
17 was 22 and
18 high 19 across
19 across 21 visits
20 all 21 visits
22 and 23 did
22 and 27 to
23 did 24 not
23 did 25 vary
26 according 27 to
27 to 29 burden
28 disease 29 burden

at the final visit , 29 % of participants drank in excess of low - risk drinking guidelines , including 28 % of those with hypertension [and] 31 [%] with diabetes mellitus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 drank
1 at 4 visit
1 at 5 ,
1 at 7 %
2 the 4 visit
3 final 4 visit
6 29 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 10 drank
8 of 9 participants
10 drank 11 in
10 drank 12 excess
12 excess 13 of
13 of 16 risk
14 low 15 -
14 low 16 risk
16 risk 17 drinking
17 drinking 18 guidelines
18 guidelines 20 including
19 , 20 including
20 including 22 %
20 including 25 with
20 including 30 with
20 including 33 .
21 28 22 %
22 % 23 of
23 of 24 those
25 with 26 hypertension
26 hypertension 28 31
30 with 32 mellitus
31 diabetes 32 mellitus

conclusion : prevalence and frequency of alcohol intake remained stable over a 24 year follow - up in this cohort of educated , white , middle - class , older adults , although average amount consumed decreased [with] advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 15 follow
2 : 25 ,
2 : 29 ,
3 prevalence 4 and
4 and 5 frequency
4 and 6 of
4 and 10 stable
4 and 15 follow
6 of 7 alcohol
7 alcohol 8 intake
7 alcohol 9 remained
8 intake 9 remained
10 stable 11 over
11 over 14 year
12 a 14 year
13 24 14 year
15 follow 17 up
16 - 17 up
17 up 18 in
17 up 25 ,
18 in 20 cohort
19 this 20 cohort
20 cohort 21 of
21 of 24 white
22 educated 23 ,
22 educated 24 white
25 , 26 middle
25 , 27 -
27 - 28 class
29 , 31 adults
29 , 32 ,
30 older 31 adults
32 , 40 age
33 although 39 advancing
33 although 40 age
34 average 39 advancing
35 amount 36 consumed
36 consumed 39 advancing
37 decreased 39 advancing

despite this decrease , a high proportion of older adults , including those with common chronic health conditions , drank in excess of current guidelines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 drank
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 despite 3 decrease
1 despite 4 ,
1 despite 7 proportion
2 this 3 decrease
5 a 6 high
5 a 7 proportion
6 high 7 proportion
7 proportion 8 of
7 proportion 20 drank
8 of 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 12 including
11 , 12 including
12 including 13 those
12 including 14 with
12 including 19 ,
14 with 18 conditions
15 common 17 health
16 chronic 17 health
17 health 18 conditions
20 drank 21 in
21 in 22 excess
22 excess 23 of
23 of 25 guidelines
24 current 25 guidelines

clinicians should provide more education on the importance of older adults moderating alcohol intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 clinicians 2 should
2 should 3 provide
3 provide 5 education
3 provide 6 on
4 more 5 education
6 on 8 importance
7 the 8 importance
8 importance 9 of
9 of 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 moderating
12 moderating 14 intake
13 alcohol 14 intake

objectives : to describe the perspectives of family caregivers toward stopping cancer screening tests for their relatives with dementia and [identify] opportunities to reduce harmful or unnecessary screening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
2 : 29 .
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 6 perspectives
4 describe 10 toward
4 describe 15 for
4 describe 26 or
5 the 6 perspectives
6 perspectives 7 of
7 of 9 caregivers
8 family 9 caregivers
10 toward 11 stopping
11 stopping 12 cancer
12 cancer 13 screening
13 screening 14 tests
15 for 17 relatives
16 their 17 relatives
17 relatives 18 with
17 relatives 23 to
17 relatives 24 reduce
18 with 20 and
19 dementia 20 and
20 and 22 opportunities
23 to 24 reduce
25 harmful 26 or
26 or 28 screening
27 unnecessary 28 screening

design : focus group study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 focus 5 study
4 group 5 study

setting : alzheimer 's association support groups for family members of individuals with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 7 groups
3 alzheimer 4 's
4 's 7 groups
5 association 7 groups
6 support 7 groups
7 groups 8 for
7 groups 11 of
8 for 10 members
9 family 10 members
11 of 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 with
13 with 14 dementia

participants : four focus groups including 32 caregivers ( [25] female ; 24 white , 7 african american , one american/indian ; mean age 65.5 , range 49 - 85 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 four
2 : 4 focus
2 : 12 ;
2 : 14 white
2 : 15 ,
3 four 4 focus
4 focus 5 groups
5 groups 6 including
5 groups 11 female
6 including 8 caregivers
7 32 8 caregivers
9 ( 11 female
11 female 12 ;
12 ; 13 24
13 24 14 white
15 , 18 american
15 , 19 ,
16 7 18 american
17 african 18 american
19 , 21 american/indian
19 , 22 ;
20 one 21 american/indian
22 ; 23 mean
23 mean 24 age
24 age 25 65.5
24 age 27 range
26 , 27 range
27 range 29 -
27 range 31 )
28 49 29 -
29 - 30 85

measurements : focus group transcripts were transcribed and analyzed using methods of grounded theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 focus
3 focus 5 transcripts
4 group 5 transcripts
5 transcripts 8 and
6 were 7 transcribed
6 were 8 and
8 and 9 analyzed
8 and 10 using
10 using 11 methods
11 methods 12 of
12 of 14 theory
13 grounded 14 theory

results : caregivers considered decisions to stop cancer screening in terms of quality of life and burden on the patient and caregiver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 16 and
3 caregivers 4 considered
3 caregivers 9 screening
3 caregivers 16 and
4 considered 5 decisions
5 decisions 6 to
5 decisions 7 stop
6 to 7 stop
7 stop 8 cancer
9 screening 10 in
9 screening 11 terms
11 terms 12 of
12 of 13 quality
13 quality 14 of
14 of 15 life
16 and 17 burden
16 and 18 on
18 on 21 and
19 the 20 patient
20 patient 21 and
21 and 22 caregiver

many described having to intervene in the patient 's care to stop unnecessary or harmful screening , and others met resistance when they advocated [for] stopping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 many 2 described
1 many 3 having
1 many 18 and
3 having 4 to
4 to 5 intervene
5 intervene 6 in
6 in 10 care
7 the 8 patient
8 patient 9 's
9 's 10 care
10 care 11 to
10 care 16 screening
11 to 12 stop
12 stop 14 or
13 unnecessary 14 or
14 or 15 harmful
14 or 16 screening
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 others
18 and 20 met
20 met 21 resistance
21 resistance 22 when
22 when 23 they
22 when 24 advocated
23 they 24 advocated
24 advocated 26 stopping

physicians varied widely in their knowledge of dementia care and willingness to consider cessation of screening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 physicians 2 varied
2 varied 3 widely
2 varied 4 in
4 in 6 knowledge
5 their 6 knowledge
6 knowledge 7 of
6 knowledge 12 to
6 knowledge 16 screening
7 of 10 and
8 dementia 9 care
9 care 10 and
10 and 11 willingness
12 to 13 consider
13 consider 14 cessation
14 cessation 15 of
15 of 16 screening

conclusion : many family caregivers wish to stop cancer screening tests as dementia progresses and are relieved [when] physicians bring it up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 5 caregivers
2 : 6 wish
2 : 15 and
3 many 5 caregivers
4 family 5 caregivers
5 caregivers 6 wish
6 wish 7 to
6 wish 9 cancer
6 wish 14 progresses
7 to 8 stop
9 cancer 10 screening
9 cancer 12 as
9 cancer 14 progresses
10 screening 11 tests
12 as 13 dementia
15 and 16 are
15 and 20 bring
16 are 19 physicians
16 are 20 bring
17 relieved 19 physicians
20 bring 21 it
20 bring 22 up

caregivers are open to discussions of screening cessation that focus on quality of life , burdens , and benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 caregivers 2 are
2 are 3 open
3 open 4 to
3 open 11 on
4 to 5 discussions
5 discussions 6 of
5 discussions 9 that
5 discussions 10 focus
6 of 7 screening
7 screening 8 cessation
9 that 10 focus
11 on 12 quality
12 quality 13 of
13 of 18 and
14 life 15 ,
15 , 16 burdens
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 benefits

interventions are needed to increase caregiver and clinician discussion of screening cessation and to increase clinician awareness of the need to reconsider cancer screening in individuals with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 interventions 2 are
2 are 3 needed
3 needed 4 to
4 to 13 and
5 increase 7 and
5 increase 13 and
6 caregiver 7 and
7 and 9 discussion
7 and 10 of
8 clinician 9 discussion
10 of 11 screening
11 screening 12 cessation
13 and 14 to
13 and 22 reconsider
14 to 15 increase
15 increase 17 awareness
15 increase 21 to
16 clinician 17 awareness
17 awareness 18 of
18 of 20 need
19 the 20 need
21 to 22 reconsider
22 reconsider 23 cancer
22 reconsider 27 with
23 cancer 24 screening
24 screening 25 in
24 screening 26 individuals
27 with 28 dementia

background/purpose : the superficial layer on the skin surface , known as the acid mantle , comprises a mixture of sebum , sweat , corneocyte debris and constituents of natural moisturizing factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 layer
2 : 17 comprises
3 the 5 layer
4 superficial 5 layer
5 layer 6 on
5 layer 17 comprises
6 on 9 surface
7 the 9 surface
8 skin 9 surface
9 surface 11 known
10 , 11 known
11 known 12 as
11 known 16 ,
12 as 15 mantle
13 the 15 mantle
14 acid 15 mantle
17 comprises 19 mixture
18 a 19 mixture
19 mixture 20 of
19 mixture 27 and
19 mixture 32 factor
20 of 21 sebum
21 sebum 23 sweat
22 , 23 sweat
23 sweat 24 ,
25 corneocyte 26 debris
26 debris 27 and
27 and 28 constituents
27 and 29 of
27 and 32 factor
29 of 31 moisturizing
30 natural 31 moisturizing

thus , the phrase ['] residual skin surface [components] ['] ( rssc ) is an appropriate term for the mixture of substances recovered from the skin surface . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 surface
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 8 surface
3 the 8 surface
4 phrase 8 surface
6 residual 7 skin
7 skin 8 surface
8 surface 12 rssc
8 surface 14 is
11 ( 12 rssc
12 rssc 13 )
14 is 17 term
15 an 16 appropriate
15 an 17 term
16 appropriate 17 term
17 term 18 for
17 term 21 of
18 for 20 mixture
19 the 20 mixture
21 of 22 substances
22 substances 23 recovered
23 recovered 24 from
24 from 27 surface
25 the 27 surface
26 skin 27 surface

there is no general agreement about the effects of ethnicity , gender and age on rssc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 agreement
3 no 5 agreement
4 general 5 agreement
5 agreement 6 about
5 agreement 9 of
6 about 8 effects
7 the 8 effects
9 of 13 and
10 ethnicity 11 ,
11 , 12 gender
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 age
13 and 15 on
15 on 16 rssc

the aim of this human volunteer study was to evaluate rssc in relation to ethnicity , gender and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 16 ,
3 of 6 volunteer
4 this 6 volunteer
5 human 6 volunteer
6 volunteer 7 study
6 volunteer 10 evaluate
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 evaluate
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 11 rssc
10 evaluate 12 in
10 evaluate 14 to
12 in 13 relation
14 to 15 ethnicity
16 , 17 gender
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 age

a suitable acquisition medium for rssc [collection] was identified and samples of rssc were subsequently analysed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry ( gc - ms ) and gravimetry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 medium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 a 2 suitable
1 a 4 medium
2 suitable 3 acquisition
3 acquisition 4 medium
4 medium 5 for
4 medium 8 was
5 for 6 rssc
8 was 9 identified
10 and 11 samples
10 and 16 analysed
11 samples 12 of
11 samples 14 were
12 of 13 rssc
14 were 16 analysed
15 subsequently 16 analysed
16 analysed 17 using
17 using 22 spectrometry
18 gas 22 spectrometry
19 chromatography 20 -
19 chromatography 21 mass
21 mass 22 spectrometry
22 spectrometry 28 and
23 ( 28 and
24 gc 26 ms
25 - 26 ms
26 ms 27 )
26 ms 28 and
28 and 29 gravimetry
28 and 30 .

methods : a total of 315 volunteers participated in the study from a range [of] self - declared ethnic backgrounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 8 participated
2 : 18 declared
2 : 21 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 participated
5 of 7 volunteers
6 315 7 volunteers
8 participated 9 in
9 in 11 study
10 the 11 study
11 study 12 from
12 from 16 self
13 a 14 range
13 a 16 self
14 range 16 self
17 - 18 declared
18 declared 20 backgrounds
19 ethnic 20 backgrounds

six acquisition media were compared to determine the most suitable media for rssc [collection] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 media
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 six 3 media
2 acquisition 3 media
3 media 4 were
4 were 5 compared
5 compared 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 11 media
7 determine 12 for
8 the 11 media
9 most 10 suitable
10 suitable 11 media
12 for 13 rssc

the effect of age , gender and ethnicity on rssc collection was evaluated by gravimetric analysis while gc - ms was used to determine the composition of rssc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 collection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 11 collection
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 5 ,
3 of 4 age
5 , 6 gender
5 , 7 and
7 and 8 ethnicity
7 and 9 on
7 and 11 collection
9 on 10 rssc
11 collection 12 was
12 was 13 evaluated
13 evaluated 14 by
13 evaluated 17 while
14 by 16 analysis
15 gravimetric 16 analysis
17 while 20 ms
17 while 22 used
18 gc 20 ms
19 - 20 ms
20 ms 21 was
21 was 22 used
22 used 23 to
22 used 24 determine
23 to 24 determine
24 determine 26 composition
25 the 26 composition
26 composition 27 of
27 of 28 rssc

results : of the six candidate materials assessed , cigarette paper provided the most practical and reproducible sample acquisition medium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 paper
2 : 12 provided
2 : 21 .
3 of 5 six
3 of 9 ,
3 of 11 paper
4 the 5 six
5 six 7 materials
5 six 8 assessed
6 candidate 7 materials
7 materials 8 assessed
10 cigarette 11 paper
11 paper 12 provided
12 provided 16 and
13 the 14 most
14 most 16 and
15 practical 16 and
16 and 20 medium
17 reproducible 20 medium
18 sample 19 acquisition
19 acquisition 20 medium

there was no significant difference in the amount of rssc collected when based on gender and ethnicity and no significant correlation between rssc recovery and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
2 was 11 collected
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
5 difference 9 of
6 in 8 amount
7 the 8 amount
9 of 10 rssc
11 collected 12 when
11 collected 22 between
12 when 13 based
13 based 14 on
14 on 18 and
15 gender 16 and
16 and 17 ethnicity
16 and 18 and
18 and 21 correlation
19 no 21 correlation
20 significant 21 correlation
22 between 25 and
23 rssc 24 recovery
24 recovery 25 and
25 and 26 age

up to 49 compounds were detected from human rssc when analysed by gc - ms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 up 2 to
2 to 3 49
3 49 4 compounds
4 compounds 5 were
5 were 6 detected
6 detected 7 from
6 detected 10 when
7 from 9 rssc
8 human 9 rssc
10 when 11 analysed
11 analysed 12 by
12 by 15 ms
13 gc 15 ms
14 - 15 ms

conclusions : the results of the present study suggest that rssc can be effectively collected using cigarette paper and analysed by gc - ms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
2 : 4 results
2 : 9 suggest
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 9 suggest
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 present 8 study
9 suggest 10 that
10 that 11 rssc
10 that 19 and
12 can 13 be
12 can 19 and
13 be 14 effectively
13 be 15 collected
15 collected 16 using
16 using 18 paper
17 cigarette 18 paper
19 and 20 analysed
19 and 21 by
21 by 24 ms
22 gc 24 ms
23 - 24 ms
24 ms 25 .

ethnicity , gender and age had no significant impact on the quantity of rssc recovered from the skin surface . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 ethnicity 2 ,
2 , 3 gender
2 , 4 and
4 and 5 age
4 and 6 had
6 had 9 impact
6 had 10 on
7 no 9 impact
8 significant 9 impact
10 on 14 rssc
11 the 12 quantity
12 quantity 13 of
12 quantity 14 rssc
13 of 14 rssc
14 rssc 15 recovered
15 recovered 16 from
16 from 19 surface
17 the 19 surface
18 skin 19 surface

objectives : we determined whether community [-] level income inequality was associated with mortality among a cohort of older adults in são paulo , brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 determined
2 : 24 ,
3 we 4 determined
4 determined 5 whether
4 determined 21 in
5 whether 10 inequality
5 whether 12 associated
6 community 8 level
8 level 9 income
9 income 10 inequality
10 inequality 11 was
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 among
13 with 14 mortality
15 among 17 cohort
16 a 17 cohort
17 cohort 18 of
18 of 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 in 23 paulo
22 são 23 paulo
24 , 25 brazil

methods : we analyzed the health , well - being , and aging ( sabe ) survey , a sample [of] community - dwelling older adults in são paulo ( 2000 - 2007 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analyzed
2 : 35 .
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 12 and
5 the 12 and
6 health 7 ,
7 , 8 well
7 , 12 and
8 well 10 being
9 - 10 being
10 being 11 ,
12 and 17 survey
12 and 18 ,
12 and 22 community
12 and 26 adults
13 aging 15 sabe
14 ( 15 sabe
15 sabe 16 )
15 sabe 17 survey
18 , 22 community
19 a 22 community
20 sample 22 community
22 community 23 -
23 - 26 adults
24 dwelling 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
26 adults 27 in
26 adults 32 -
26 adults 34 )
27 in 29 paulo
28 são 29 paulo
30 ( 32 -
31 2000 32 -
32 - 33 2007
32 - 34 )

we used survival analysis to examine the relationship between income inequality and risk for mortality among older individuals living in 49 districts of são paulo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 analysis
2 used 5 to
2 used 12 and
3 survival 4 analysis
5 to 12 and
6 examine 8 relationship
6 examine 12 and
7 the 8 relationship
8 relationship 9 between
9 between 11 inequality
10 income 11 inequality
12 and 13 risk
13 risk 14 for
13 risk 16 among
13 risk 19 living
14 for 15 mortality
16 among 18 individuals
17 older 18 individuals
19 living 20 in
20 in 22 districts
21 49 22 districts
22 districts 23 of
23 of 25 paulo
24 são 25 paulo

conclusions : we did not find a dose - response relationship [between] area - level income inequality and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 6 find
2 : 20 .
3 we 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 find
6 find 8 dose
6 find 17 inequality
6 find 18 and
7 a 8 dose
8 dose 13 area
9 - 13 area
10 response 13 area
11 relationship 13 area
13 area 14 -
15 level 17 inequality
16 income 17 inequality
18 and 19 mortality

our findings could be consistent with either a threshold association of income inequality and mortality or little overall association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 could
3 could 4 be
4 be 5 consistent
5 consistent 6 with
6 with 16 or
7 either 16 or
8 a 10 association
9 threshold 10 association
10 association 11 of
10 association 14 and
11 of 13 inequality
12 income 13 inequality
14 and 15 mortality
14 and 16 or
16 or 19 association
17 little 19 association
18 overall 19 association

background : loss of muscle [mass] and muscle strength are natural consequences of the aging process , accompanied by an increased prevalence of chronic health conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
4 of 5 muscle
7 and 9 strength
7 and 10 are
8 muscle 9 strength
9 strength 10 are
10 are 12 consequences
11 natural 12 consequences
12 consequences 13 of
12 consequences 18 accompanied
13 of 16 process
14 the 16 process
15 aging 16 process
17 , 18 accompanied
18 accompanied 19 by
18 accompanied 27 .
19 by 22 prevalence
20 an 22 prevalence
21 increased 22 prevalence
22 prevalence 23 of
23 of 26 conditions
24 chronic 25 health
25 health 26 conditions

research suggests that in the elderly , the presence of comorbidities may impact the muscle mass/strength relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 research 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 9 presence
3 that 13 impact
4 in 6 elderly
4 in 7 ,
4 in 9 presence
5 the 6 elderly
8 the 9 presence
9 presence 10 of
9 presence 12 may
10 of 11 comorbidities
12 may 13 impact
13 impact 17 relationship
14 the 17 relationship
15 muscle 17 relationship
16 mass/strength 17 relationship

the objectives of this study were to characterize the muscle mass/strength relationship in older adults in the usa and to examine the impact of a variety of comorbidities on this relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 objectives
2 objectives 3 of
2 objectives 19 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 8 characterize
6 were 19 and
7 to 8 characterize
8 characterize 12 relationship
8 characterize 13 in
8 characterize 16 in
9 the 12 relationship
10 muscle 12 relationship
11 mass/strength 12 relationship
13 in 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 in 18 usa
17 the 18 usa
19 and 20 to
19 and 21 examine
20 to 21 examine
21 examine 23 impact
21 examine 29 on
22 the 23 impact
23 impact 24 of
24 of 26 variety
25 a 26 variety
26 variety 27 of
27 of 28 comorbidities
29 on 31 relationship
30 this 31 relationship

methods : data were obtained from the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999 - 2002 databases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 5 obtained
2 : 10 and
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 obtained
5 obtained 6 from
6 from 9 health
7 the 9 health
8 national 9 health
10 and 13 survey
10 and 17 databases
11 nutrition 12 examination
12 examination 13 survey
13 survey 15 -
13 survey 17 databases
14 1999 15 -
15 - 16 2002

subjects aged 50 years and older were included in the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 subjects 2 aged
1 subjects 7 were
2 aged 5 and
3 50 4 years
4 years 5 and
5 and 6 older
7 were 8 included
8 included 9 in
9 in 12 study
10 the 12 study
11 present 12 study

muscle [mass] was assessed by height - adjusted appendicular skeleton muscle [mass] ( aasm ) [in] [kg/m2] , as measured by dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 muscle 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 by
4 assessed 21 by
5 by 6 height
6 height 11 muscle
6 height 20 measured
7 - 11 muscle
8 adjusted 10 skeleton
9 appendicular 10 skeleton
10 skeleton 11 muscle
11 muscle 14 aasm
11 muscle 18 ,
13 ( 14 aasm
14 aasm 15 )
19 as 20 measured
21 by 28 absorptiometry
22 dual 25 x
22 dual 26 -
22 dual 27 ray
23 - 25 x
24 energy 25 x
25 x 26 -
27 ray 28 absorptiometry

muscle strength was assessed via isokinetic quadriceps strength ( iqs ) in [newton] as measured [by] a dynamometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 muscle 2 strength
2 strength 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 via
4 assessed 12 in
5 via 8 strength
6 isokinetic 8 strength
7 quadriceps 8 strength
8 strength 10 iqs
9 ( 10 iqs
10 iqs 11 )
12 in 18 dynamometer
14 as 15 measured
14 as 17 a
15 measured 17 a
17 a 18 dynamometer

the relationship between aasm and iqs was assessed adjusting for age and gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 7 was
3 between 5 and
4 aasm 5 and
5 and 6 iqs
7 was 9 adjusting
8 assessed 9 adjusting
9 adjusting 10 for
10 for 12 and
11 age 12 and
12 and 13 gender

the effects of a variety of comorbidities on iqs [and/or] on the relationship between iqs and aasm were assessed using multiple regression models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 16 and
3 of 5 variety
4 a 5 variety
5 variety 6 of
5 variety 8 on
6 of 7 comorbidities
8 on 9 iqs
9 iqs 11 on
11 on 13 relationship
12 the 13 relationship
13 relationship 14 between
14 between 15 iqs
16 and 17 aasm
16 and 18 were
18 were 19 assessed
19 assessed 20 using
20 using 23 models
21 multiple 22 regression
22 regression 23 models

results : this study included 2,647 individuals [,] with a mean age of 62.6 years and 52.9 % [of] [whom] were female . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 16 and
2 : 23 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 individuals
5 included 9 with
6 2,647 7 individuals
9 with 12 age
10 a 12 age
11 mean 12 age
12 age 13 of
13 of 15 years
14 62.6 15 years
16 and 18 %
16 and 21 were
17 52.9 18 %
18 % 21 were
21 were 22 female

the mean ( se ) aasm ( [kg/m2] [ )( 7.3 ( 0.04 ) , [and] the mean ( se ) iqs [(] newton ) was 365.0 ( 3.00 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aasm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 6 aasm
2 mean 4 se
2 mean 6 aasm
3 ( 4 se
4 se 5 )
6 aasm 11 7.3
6 aasm 26 was
7 ( 11 7.3
11 7.3 13 0.04
11 7.3 24 newton
11 7.3 25 )
12 ( 13 0.04
13 0.04 14 )
15 , 24 newton
17 the 24 newton
18 mean 20 se
18 mean 24 newton
19 ( 20 se
20 se 21 )
22 iqs 24 newton
24 newton 25 )
26 was 27 365.0
27 365.0 29 3.00
28 ( 29 3.00
29 3.00 30 )

after adjusting for age and gender , the correlation coefficient between aasm and iqs was 0.365 ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 7 ,
1 after 10 coefficient
2 adjusting 3 for
3 for 5 and
4 age 5 and
5 and 6 gender
8 the 10 coefficient
9 correlation 10 coefficient
10 coefficient 11 between
10 coefficient 15 was
11 between 13 and
12 aasm 13 and
13 and 14 iqs
15 was 16 0.365
16 0.365 19 <
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.001
19 < 21 )

conclusions : among individuals aged 50 and older in the us , muscle mass and muscle strength [are] positively correlated , independent of the associations of age and gender with muscle mass and strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 among
2 : 7 and
3 among 4 individuals
5 aged 6 50
5 aged 7 and
7 and 8 older
8 older 9 in
9 in 15 and
10 the 11 us
11 us 12 ,
12 , 14 mass
12 , 15 and
13 muscle 14 mass
15 and 17 strength
15 and 20 correlated
15 and 23 of
16 muscle 17 strength
19 positively 20 correlated
20 correlated 21 ,
20 correlated 22 independent
23 of 33 and
24 the 32 mass
25 associations 26 of
25 associations 28 and
26 of 27 age
28 and 29 gender
28 and 32 mass
29 gender 30 with
30 with 31 muscle
32 mass 33 and
33 and 34 strength

objectives : we examined the relationship between childhood and adult socioeconomic position ( sep ) and objectively assessed , later - life functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 16 and
2 : 21 -
2 : 24 .
3 we 16 and
4 examined 6 relationship
4 examined 7 between
4 examined 16 and
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 9 and
8 childhood 9 and
9 and 12 position
9 and 14 sep
10 adult 12 position
11 socioeconomic 12 position
13 ( 14 sep
14 sep 15 )
16 and 18 assessed
16 and 20 later
17 objectively 18 assessed
19 , 20 later
20 later 21 -
21 - 22 life
22 life 23 functioning

methods : we used the medical research council 's national survey of health and development data to examine performance at 60 to 64 years ( obtained in 2006 - 2011 ) for a representative uk sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 18 examine
3 we 4 used
4 used 14 and
4 used 17 to
5 the 8 council
6 medical 7 research
7 research 8 council
8 council 9 's
9 's 14 and
10 national 11 survey
11 survey 12 of
11 survey 14 and
12 of 13 health
14 and 16 data
15 development 16 data
17 to 18 examine
18 examine 19 performance
18 examine 32 for
19 performance 20 at
20 at 24 years
21 60 22 to
22 to 23 64
22 to 24 years
24 years 26 obtained
25 ( 26 obtained
26 obtained 27 in
26 obtained 31 )
27 in 28 2006
28 2006 30 2011
29 - 30 2011
30 2011 31 )
32 for 36 sample
33 a 36 sample
34 representative 36 sample
35 uk 36 sample

we compared 9 physical and cognitive performance measures ( forced expiratory volume , forced vital capacity , handgrip strength , chair rise time , standing balance time , [timed] get up and go speed , verbal memory score , processing speed , and simple reaction time ) over the sep distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 8 measures
3 9 8 measures
4 physical 5 and
5 and 6 cognitive
5 and 7 performance
7 performance 8 measures
8 measures 12 volume
9 ( 12 volume
10 forced 12 volume
11 expiratory 12 volume
12 volume 13 ,
13 , 28 ,
13 , 35 ,
14 forced 16 capacity
14 forced 27 time
14 forced 28 ,
15 vital 16 capacity
16 capacity 19 strength
16 capacity 23 time
17 , 19 strength
18 handgrip 19 strength
19 strength 20 ,
20 , 23 time
21 chair 22 rise
22 rise 23 time
23 time 24 ,
25 standing 26 balance
26 balance 27 time
28 , 32 and
30 get 31 up
30 get 32 and
32 and 33 go
33 go 34 speed
35 , 38 score
35 , 39 ,
36 verbal 37 memory
37 memory 38 score
39 , 43 and
40 processing 41 speed
41 speed 43 and
42 , 43 and
43 and 46 time
43 and 47 )
43 and 48 over
44 simple 45 reaction
45 reaction 46 time
48 over 51 distribution
49 the 51 distribution
50 sep 51 distribution

results : each performance measure was socially graded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 measure
2 : 8 graded
2 : 9 .
3 each 5 measure
4 performance 5 measure
5 measure 6 was
6 was 8 graded
7 socially 8 graded

those at the top of the childhood sep distribution had between 7 [%] and 20 % better performance than those at the bottom . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 those 2 at
1 those 5 of
1 those 10 had
2 at 4 top
3 the 4 top
5 of 9 distribution
6 the 9 distribution
7 childhood 9 distribution
8 sep 9 distribution
10 had 18 performance
10 had 19 than
11 between 14 and
12 7 14 and
14 and 15 20
14 and 16 %
16 % 18 performance
17 better 18 performance
19 than 20 those
20 those 21 at
21 at 23 bottom
22 the 23 bottom

inequalities generally persisted after adjustment for adult sep . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inequalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 persisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 inequalities 3 persisted
2 generally 3 persisted
3 persisted 4 after
4 after 5 adjustment
5 adjustment 6 for
6 for 8 sep
7 adult 8 sep

when we combined the 9 performance measures , the relative difference [was] 66 % [(] 95 % confidence interval = 53 % , 78 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 interval
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 when 2 we
1 when 3 combined
1 when 8 ,
1 when 19 interval
2 we 3 combined
3 combined 7 measures
4 the 5 9
5 9 7 measures
6 performance 7 measures
9 the 19 interval
10 relative 18 confidence
11 difference 18 confidence
13 66 14 %
14 % 18 confidence
16 95 17 %
17 % 18 confidence
18 confidence 19 interval
19 interval 20 =
20 = 22 %
21 53 22 %
22 % 25 %
23 , 25 %
24 78 25 %
25 % 26 )

conclusions : public health practice should monitor [and] target inequalities in functional performance , as well as risk of disease and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 health
3 public 4 health
4 health 5 practice
4 health 7 monitor
4 health 17 as
5 practice 6 should
6 should 7 monitor
7 monitor 10 inequalities
7 monitor 11 in
9 target 10 inequalities
11 in 13 performance
12 functional 13 performance
14 , 17 as
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 18 risk
17 as 23 .
18 risk 19 of
19 of 21 and
20 disease 21 and
21 and 22 death

effective strategies will need to affect the social determinants of health in early life to influence inequalities into old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 effective 2 strategies
2 strategies 3 will
3 will 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 15 to
4 need 16 influence
5 to 6 affect
6 affect 9 determinants
6 affect 12 in
7 the 9 determinants
8 social 9 determinants
9 determinants 10 of
10 of 11 health
12 in 14 life
13 early 14 life
15 to 16 influence
16 influence 17 inequalities
16 influence 18 into
18 into 20 age
19 old 20 age

rotator cuff injuries are a common clinical problem either as a result of [overuse] [or] aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 injuries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 rotator 3 injuries
2 cuff 3 injuries
3 injuries 4 are
4 are 8 problem
4 are 9 either
4 are 10 as
5 a 6 common
5 a 8 problem
6 common 8 problem
7 clinical 8 problem
10 as 12 result
11 a 12 result
12 result 13 of
13 of 16 aging

biological approaches to tendon repair that involve use of scaffolding materials or cell - based approaches are currently being investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 biological 2 approaches
2 approaches 3 to
2 approaches 6 that
2 approaches 7 involve
2 approaches 17 are
3 to 5 repair
4 tendon 5 repair
6 that 7 involve
7 involve 16 approaches
8 use 9 of
8 use 12 or
9 of 11 materials
10 scaffolding 11 materials
12 or 13 cell
12 or 14 -
12 or 15 based
12 or 16 approaches
17 are 19 being
18 currently 19 being
19 being 20 investigated

the cell - based approaches are focused on applying multipotent mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) mostly harvested from bone marrow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 cell
3 - 5 approaches
3 - 7 focused
3 - 22 .
4 based 5 approaches
5 approaches 6 are
6 are 7 focused
7 focused 8 on
8 on 9 applying
9 applying 10 multipotent
9 applying 19 from
10 multipotent 13 cells
10 multipotent 18 harvested
11 mesenchymal 12 stem
12 stem 13 cells
13 cells 15 mscs
13 cells 18 harvested
14 ( 15 mscs
15 mscs 16 )
17 mostly 18 harvested
19 from 21 marrow
20 bone 21 marrow

in the present study , we focused on characterizing cells harvested from tissues associated with rotator cuff tendons based on an assumption that these cells would be more appropriate for tendon repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 focused
7 focused 8 on
7 focused 15 with
8 on 9 characterizing
9 characterizing 10 cells
9 characterizing 12 from
10 cells 11 harvested
12 from 13 tissues
13 tissues 14 associated
15 with 18 tendons
15 with 19 based
16 rotator 18 tendons
17 cuff 18 tendons
19 based 20 on
19 based 29 appropriate
20 on 22 assumption
21 an 22 assumption
22 assumption 23 that
23 that 25 cells
23 that 27 be
24 these 25 cells
25 cells 26 would
26 would 27 be
28 more 29 appropriate
29 appropriate 30 for
30 for 32 repair
31 tendon 32 repair

we isolated mscs from bursa tissue associated with rotator cuff tendons and characterized them for multilineage differentiation in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 isolated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 isolated
2 isolated 3 mscs
2 isolated 4 from
2 isolated 20 and
4 from 6 tissue
5 bursa 6 tissue
6 tissue 12 and
6 tissue 15 for
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 12 and
8 with 11 tendons
9 rotator 11 tendons
10 cuff 11 tendons
12 and 13 characterized
12 and 14 them
15 for 17 differentiation
16 multilineage 17 differentiation
18 in 19 vitro
19 vitro 20 and
20 and 22 vivo
21 in 22 vivo

human bursa was obtained from patients undergoing rotator cuff surgery and cells within were isolated using collagenase and dispase digestion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 human
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 human 2 bursa
1 human 13 within
1 human 14 were
2 bursa 3 was
3 was 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 from
4 obtained 13 within
5 from 11 and
6 patients 7 undergoing
6 patients 11 and
7 undergoing 10 surgery
8 rotator 10 surgery
9 cuff 10 surgery
11 and 12 cells
14 were 15 isolated
15 isolated 16 using
16 using 18 and
17 collagenase 18 and
18 and 20 digestion
19 dispase 20 digestion

the cells isolated from the tissues were characterized for osteoblastic , adipogenic , chondrogenic , and tenogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 cells
2 cells 3 isolated
2 cells 7 were
3 isolated 4 from
4 from 6 tissues
5 the 6 tissues
7 were 8 characterized
8 characterized 9 for
8 characterized 21 and
9 for 18 differentiation
10 osteoblastic 11 ,
11 , 12 adipogenic
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 chondrogenic
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 tenogenic
16 and 18 differentiation
19 in 20 vitro
20 vitro 21 and
21 and 23 vivo
22 in 23 vivo

the results showed that the cells isolated from bursa tissue exhibited mscs characteristics as evidenced by the expression of putative cell surface markers attributed to mscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 6 cells
3 showed 25 to
5 the 6 cells
6 cells 7 isolated
7 isolated 8 from
7 isolated 16 by
8 from 9 bursa
9 bursa 10 tissue
9 bursa 11 exhibited
9 bursa 15 evidenced
10 tissue 11 exhibited
11 exhibited 13 characteristics
12 mscs 13 characteristics
14 as 15 evidenced
16 by 18 expression
17 the 18 expression
18 expression 19 of
19 of 23 markers
20 putative 21 cell
21 cell 23 markers
22 surface 23 markers
23 markers 24 attributed
25 to 26 mscs

the cells exhibited high proliferative capacity and differentiated toward cells of mesenchymal lineages with high efficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 cells
2 cells 7 and
3 exhibited 6 capacity
3 exhibited 7 and
4 high 6 capacity
5 proliferative 6 capacity
7 and 8 differentiated
7 and 9 toward
7 and 14 with
9 toward 10 cells
10 cells 11 of
11 of 13 lineages
12 mesenchymal 13 lineages
14 with 16 efficiency
15 high 16 efficiency

bursa - derived cells expressed markers of tenocytes when treated with bone morphogenetic protein - 12 ( bmp - 12 ) and assumed aligned morphology in culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 bursa 2 -
1 bursa 4 cells
3 derived 4 cells
4 cells 5 expressed
5 expressed 6 markers
6 markers 7 of
7 of 22 and
8 tenocytes 9 when
8 tenocytes 22 and
9 when 10 treated
10 treated 11 with
11 with 14 protein
12 bone 14 protein
13 morphogenetic 14 protein
14 protein 16 12
15 - 16 12
16 12 19 -
16 12 21 )
17 ( 19 -
18 bmp 19 -
19 - 20 12
19 - 21 )
22 and 23 assumed
23 assumed 25 morphology
23 assumed 26 in
24 aligned 25 morphology
26 in 27 culture

bursa cells pretreated with bmp - 12 and seeded in ceramic scaffolds formed extensive bone , as well [as] [tendon] - like tissue in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 bursa 2 cells
2 cells 8 and
3 pretreated 4 with
3 pretreated 7 12
3 pretreated 8 and
4 with 5 bmp
6 - 7 12
8 and 9 seeded
8 and 10 in
10 in 11 ceramic
11 ceramic 12 scaffolds
11 ceramic 15 bone
12 scaffolds 13 formed
12 scaffolds 15 bone
13 formed 14 extensive
15 bone 18 well
15 bone 22 like
15 bone 25 vivo
16 , 18 well
17 as 18 well
18 well 21 -
22 like 23 tissue
24 in 25 vivo

bone formation was demonstrated by histological analysis and immunofluorescence for dmp - 1 in tissue sections made from the scaffolds seeded with the cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 formation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 bone 2 formation
2 formation 3 was
3 was 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 by
4 demonstrated 10 for
4 demonstrated 22 with
5 by 8 and
6 histological 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 and
8 and 9 immunofluorescence
10 for 16 sections
11 dmp 15 tissue
12 - 13 1
13 1 14 in
14 in 15 tissue
15 tissue 16 sections
16 sections 17 made
17 made 18 from
18 from 20 scaffolds
19 the 20 scaffolds
20 scaffolds 21 seeded
22 with 24 cells
23 the 24 cells

tendon [-] like tissue formed in vivo consisted of parallel collagen fibres typical of tendon tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tendon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 tendon 3 like
1 tendon 8 consisted
3 like 4 tissue
4 tissue 5 formed
5 formed 7 vivo
6 in 7 vivo
8 consisted 9 of
9 of 12 fibres
10 parallel 12 fibres
11 collagen 12 fibres
12 fibres 13 typical
13 typical 14 of
14 of 16 tissues
15 tendon 16 tissues

bursa - derived cells also formed a fibrocartilagenous tissue in the ceramic scaffolds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 formed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 bursa 2 -
1 bursa 4 cells
3 derived 4 cells
4 cells 6 formed
5 also 6 formed
6 formed 9 tissue
6 formed 10 in
7 a 8 fibrocartilagenous
7 a 9 tissue
8 fibrocartilagenous 9 tissue
10 in 13 scaffolds
11 the 13 scaffolds
12 ceramic 13 scaffolds

taken together , the results demonstrate a new source of mscs with a high potential for application in tendon repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 results
4 the 5 results
5 results 6 demonstrate
6 demonstrate 9 source
6 demonstrate 12 with
7 a 8 new
7 a 9 source
8 new 9 source
9 source 10 of
10 of 11 mscs
12 with 14 high
13 a 14 high
14 high 15 potential
15 potential 16 for
15 potential 18 in
16 for 17 application
18 in 20 repair
19 tendon 20 repair

aims : analyze the capacity of ico , the ratio [of] waist circumference ( wc ) and height , in predicting hemodynamic impairment in erectile dysfunction ( ed ) patients , independently and integrated in metabolic syndrome ( mets ) definitions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 33 and
3 analyze 5 capacity
3 analyze 32 independently
3 analyze 33 and
4 the 5 capacity
5 capacity 6 of
5 capacity 20 in
6 of 17 and
7 ico 13 circumference
7 ico 17 and
8 , 13 circumference
9 the 13 circumference
10 ratio 12 waist
12 waist 13 circumference
13 circumference 15 wc
13 circumference 16 )
14 ( 15 wc
15 wc 16 )
17 and 18 height
19 , 20 in
20 in 21 predicting
20 in 31 ,
21 predicting 23 impairment
21 predicting 24 in
22 hemodynamic 23 impairment
24 in 30 patients
25 erectile 26 dysfunction
26 dysfunction 28 ed
27 ( 28 ed
28 ed 29 )
28 ed 30 patients
33 and 34 integrated
34 integrated 35 in
34 integrated 41 definitions
35 in 37 syndrome
36 metabolic 37 syndrome
37 syndrome 39 mets
38 ( 39 mets
39 mets 40 )

methods : four hundred and eighty - five ed patients followed in urology consult from january 2008 until march 2012 were evaluated by a standardized protocol : health [questionnaire] , anthropometric measurements ( am ) , blood pressure and analysis , and penile duplex doppler ultrasound ( pddu ) exam . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 hundred
3 four 4 hundred
5 and 9 ed
5 and 27 :
6 eighty 7 -
7 - 8 five
7 - 9 ed
9 ed 10 patients
9 ed 14 consult
9 ed 27 :
10 patients 11 followed
10 patients 14 consult
11 followed 12 in
12 in 13 urology
14 consult 15 from
14 consult 18 until
15 from 16 january
16 january 17 2008
18 until 19 march
18 until 22 evaluated
19 march 20 2012
19 march 21 were
21 were 22 evaluated
22 evaluated 23 by
23 by 26 protocol
24 a 26 protocol
25 standardized 26 protocol
27 : 28 health
28 health 32 measurements
28 health 42 and
30 , 32 measurements
31 anthropometric 32 measurements
32 measurements 34 am
32 measurements 35 )
33 ( 34 am
34 am 35 )
36 , 42 and
37 blood 38 pressure
38 pressure 39 and
39 and 40 analysis
39 and 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 50 exam
42 and 51 .
43 penile 44 duplex
44 duplex 45 doppler
45 doppler 46 ultrasound
46 ultrasound 48 pddu
47 ( 48 pddu
48 pddu 49 )
48 pddu 50 exam

associations between am and mets definitions , including atpiii , idf and a new definition replacing wc by ico in atpiii mets definition ( modatpiii ) , and pddu were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 associations 2 between
1 associations 4 and
2 between 3 am
4 and 6 definitions
4 and 7 ,
4 and 8 including
5 mets 6 definitions
8 including 9 atpiii
10 , 28 and
10 , 31 calculated
11 idf 12 and
12 and 15 definition
12 and 16 replacing
12 and 20 in
12 and 25 modatpiii
12 and 28 and
13 a 14 new
13 a 15 definition
14 new 15 definition
16 replacing 17 wc
16 replacing 18 by
18 by 19 ico
20 in 23 definition
21 atpiii 22 mets
22 mets 23 definition
24 ( 25 modatpiii
25 modatpiii 26 )
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 pddu
28 and 30 were
30 were 31 calculated

results : ico was the measure of obesity more strongly correlated with diminished mean peak systolic velocity ( mpsv ) ( r = - 0.189 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ico
2 : 4 was
2 : 31 .
3 ico 4 was
4 was 28 <
5 the 6 measure
6 measure 7 of
6 measure 8 obesity
7 of 8 obesity
8 obesity 11 correlated
9 more 10 strongly
10 strongly 11 correlated
11 correlated 12 with
12 with 17 velocity
13 diminished 14 mean
14 mean 17 velocity
15 peak 16 systolic
16 systolic 17 velocity
17 velocity 19 mpsv
17 velocity 23 =
18 ( 19 mpsv
19 mpsv 20 )
21 ( 23 =
22 r 23 =
23 = 24 -
24 - 25 0.189
24 - 28 <
26 , 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001
28 < 30 )

a positive association remained when replacing wc by ico ≥ 0.60 ( a nationally obtained ratio ) in atpiii mets definition ( modatpiii ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 positive
1 a 3 association
2 positive 3 association
3 association 4 remained
4 remained 5 when
5 when 6 replacing
6 replacing 7 wc
6 replacing 8 by
6 replacing 18 in
8 by 10 ≥
9 ico 10 ≥
10 ≥ 11 0.60
10 ≥ 16 ratio
12 ( 16 ratio
13 a 16 ratio
14 nationally 15 obtained
15 obtained 16 ratio
16 ratio 17 )
18 in 21 definition
19 atpiii 20 mets
20 mets 21 definition
21 definition 23 modatpiii
22 ( 23 modatpiii
23 modatpiii 24 )

patients with modatpiii had lower mpsv when compared to [non] [-] mets patients ( 30.8 versus 37.1 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 4 had
2 with 3 modatpiii
4 had 6 mpsv
4 had 7 when
5 lower 6 mpsv
7 when 8 compared
8 compared 9 to
9 to 13 patients
12 mets 13 patients
13 patients 15 30.8
13 patients 20 <
14 ( 15 30.8
15 30.8 16 versus
15 30.8 18 ,
16 versus 17 37.1
18 , 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.001
20 < 22 )

only the idf definition had a significant association with ad ( or = 1853 ; 95%ci , 1.202 - 2.857 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 95%ci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 only 4 definition
2 the 4 definition
3 idf 4 definition
4 definition 5 had
5 had 8 association
5 had 9 with
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 association
7 significant 8 association
9 with 12 or
9 with 14 1853
10 ad 12 or
11 ( 12 or
13 = 14 1853
15 ; 16 95%ci
16 95%ci 19 -
17 , 19 -
18 1.202 19 -
19 - 20 2.857
19 - 21 )

conclusions : ico revealed potential value to predict pddu changes in a mets context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 3 ico
2 : 4 revealed
3 ico 4 revealed
4 revealed 6 value
4 revealed 10 changes
5 potential 6 value
6 value 7 to
6 value 8 predict
6 value 10 changes
7 to 8 predict
8 predict 9 pddu
10 changes 11 in
11 in 14 context
12 a 14 context
13 mets 14 context

however , idf definition presented a stronger correlation with arteriogenic ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 definition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 definition
3 idf 4 definition
4 definition 5 presented
5 presented 8 correlation
5 presented 9 with
6 a 8 correlation
7 stronger 8 correlation
9 with 11 ed
10 arteriogenic 11 ed

although longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis , our study highlights the importance of different mets definitions for ed assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 highlights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 3 studies
1 although 4 are
1 although 10 ,
1 although 12 study
2 longitudinal 3 studies
3 studies 4 are
4 are 5 necessary
5 necessary 6 to
5 necessary 7 confirm
6 to 7 confirm
7 confirm 9 hypothesis
8 this 9 hypothesis
11 our 12 study
12 study 13 highlights
13 highlights 15 importance
14 the 15 importance
15 importance 16 of
16 of 19 definitions
17 different 19 definitions
18 mets 19 definitions
19 definitions 20 for
20 for 22 assessment
21 ed 22 assessment

to investigate the effect [of] low power helium neon laser [(] he [-] ne laser ) on the telomere length of human fetal lung diploid fibroblast ( 2bs ) [cell] , we used the laser ( gamma [=] 632 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 used
1 to 2 investigate
1 to 16 )
1 to 32 we
2 investigate 10 laser
3 the 10 laser
4 effect 6 low
6 low 10 laser
7 power 8 helium
8 helium 10 laser
9 neon 10 laser
10 laser 12 he
10 laser 15 laser
12 he 14 ne
14 ne 15 laser
17 on 20 length
17 on 31 ,
17 on 32 we
18 the 20 length
19 telomere 20 length
20 length 21 of
21 of 26 fibroblast
22 human 24 lung
23 fetal 24 lung
24 lung 26 fibroblast
25 diploid 26 fibroblast
26 fibroblast 28 2bs
27 ( 28 2bs
28 2bs 29 )
32 we 33 used
33 used 35 laser
34 the 35 laser
35 laser 37 gamma
36 ( 37 gamma
37 gamma 39 632
37 gamma 40 .

cell growth and proliferation [was] observed through mtt method after treating with low power laser . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 laser
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cell 2 growth
2 growth 3 and
3 and 4 proliferation
3 and 6 observed
3 and 10 after
3 and 15 laser
6 observed 7 through
7 through 9 method
8 mtt 9 method
10 after 11 treating
11 treating 12 with
12 with 14 power
13 low 14 power

the relative telomere length of 2bs cells was detected by fluorescence real - time quantitative pcr ( q - pcr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 the 4 length
2 relative 4 length
3 telomere 4 length
4 length 5 of
4 length 8 was
5 of 7 cells
6 2bs 7 cells
8 was 9 detected
9 detected 10 by
9 detected 12 real
10 by 11 fluorescence
13 - 14 time
13 - 22 .
14 time 16 pcr
15 quantitative 16 pcr
16 pcr 19 -
17 ( 19 -
18 q 19 -
19 - 20 pcr
19 - 21 )

the results showed that the cells of the treated groups grew better than the untreated groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 6 cells
4 that 11 grew
5 the 6 cells
6 cells 7 of
6 cells 11 grew
7 of 10 groups
8 the 10 groups
9 treated 10 groups
11 grew 12 better
12 better 13 than
13 than 16 groups
14 the 16 groups
15 untreated 16 groups

the telomere dna length of the old 2bs cells , treated by low power he [-] ne laser when they were young , was longer than that [of] untreated group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 length
2 telomere 4 length
3 dna 4 length
4 length 5 of
4 length 11 treated
4 length 24 was
5 of 9 cells
6 the 9 cells
7 old 9 cells
8 2bs 9 cells
10 , 11 treated
11 treated 12 by
11 treated 19 when
11 treated 23 ,
12 by 14 power
13 low 14 power
14 power 15 he
14 power 18 laser
15 he 17 ne
17 ne 18 laser
19 when 20 they
19 when 21 were
20 they 21 were
21 were 22 young
24 was 25 longer
25 longer 26 than
26 than 30 group
27 that 29 untreated
29 untreated 30 group

the results of the present study indicated that the low power he [-] ne laser might decrease shortening rate [of] telomere and delay the aging of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 18 shortening
2 results 22 and
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
6 study 7 indicated
6 study 8 that
6 study 17 decrease
8 that 11 power
8 that 17 decrease
9 the 11 power
10 low 11 power
11 power 12 he
11 power 15 laser
11 power 16 might
12 he 14 ne
14 ne 15 laser
16 might 17 decrease
19 rate 21 telomere
19 rate 22 and
22 and 23 delay
23 delay 25 aging
24 the 25 aging
25 aging 26 of
26 of 27 cells

therefore , this study provides the experimental basis for us to further investigate the effect of low power [laser] on cell aging at the gene level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 provides
5 provides 8 basis
5 provides 11 to
6 the 8 basis
7 experimental 8 basis
8 basis 9 for
9 for 10 us
11 to 13 investigate
12 further 13 investigate
13 investigate 15 effect
13 investigate 20 on
13 investigate 23 at
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 of
16 of 18 power
17 low 18 power
20 on 22 aging
21 cell 22 aging
23 at 26 level
24 the 26 level
25 gene 26 level

none complex fluctuations within physiological signals can be used to evaluate the health of the human body . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 none 3 fluctuations
1 none 8 be
1 none 9 used
2 complex 3 fluctuations
3 fluctuations 4 within
3 fluctuations 7 can
4 within 6 signals
5 physiological 6 signals
7 can 8 be
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 evaluate
10 to 11 evaluate
11 evaluate 13 health
12 the 13 health
13 health 14 of
14 of 17 body
15 the 17 body
16 human 17 body

this study recruited four groups of subjects : young healthy subjects ( group 1 , n = 32 ) , healthy upper middle - aged subjects ( group 2 , n = 36 ) , subjects with well - controlled type 2 diabetes ( group 3 , n = 31 ) , and subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes ( group 4 , n = 24 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 69 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 recruited
3 recruited 5 groups
4 four 5 groups
5 groups 6 of
6 of 7 subjects
8 : 11 subjects
8 : 20 ,
9 young 11 subjects
10 healthy 11 subjects
11 subjects 13 group
12 ( 13 group
13 group 17 =
13 group 20 ,
14 1 17 =
15 , 17 =
16 n 17 =
17 = 18 32
17 = 19 )
20 , 23 middle
20 , 24 -
21 healthy 22 upper
22 upper 23 middle
24 - 26 subjects
24 - 53 and
25 aged 26 subjects
26 subjects 28 group
26 subjects 53 and
27 ( 28 group
28 group 29 2
28 group 32 =
28 group 36 subjects
28 group 39 -
30 , 32 =
31 n 32 =
32 = 33 36
32 = 34 )
35 , 36 subjects
36 subjects 37 with
36 subjects 39 -
37 with 38 well
40 controlled 43 diabetes
40 controlled 53 and
41 type 43 diabetes
42 2 43 diabetes
43 diabetes 45 group
44 ( 45 group
45 group 49 =
45 group 51 )
46 3 49 =
47 , 49 =
48 n 49 =
49 = 50 31
49 = 51 )
52 , 53 and
53 and 54 subjects
54 subjects 55 with
54 subjects 60 diabetes
54 subjects 66 =
55 with 58 type
56 poorly 57 controlled
57 controlled 58 type
58 type 59 2
60 diabetes 62 group
61 ( 62 group
62 group 63 4
62 group 64 ,
65 n 66 =
66 = 67 24
66 = 68 )

data acquisition for each participant lasted 30 minutes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acquisition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 lasted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 data 2 acquisition
2 acquisition 3 for
2 acquisition 6 lasted
3 for 5 participant
4 each 5 participant
6 lasted 8 minutes
7 30 8 minutes

we obtained data related to consecutive time series with r - r interval [(] rri [ )(and pulse transit time ( ptt ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 obtained
2 obtained 3 data
2 obtained 5 to
3 data 4 related
5 to 7 time
6 consecutive 7 time
7 time 8 series
7 time 19 transit
8 series 9 with
8 series 19 transit
9 with 17 )(and
10 r 11 -
11 - 12 r
11 - 15 rri
13 interval 15 rri
15 rri 17 )(and
17 )(and 18 pulse
19 transit 20 time
20 time 22 ptt
21 ( 22 ptt
22 ptt 23 )

using multiscale cross - approximate entropy ( mce ) , we quantified the complexity between the two series and thereby differentiated the influence of age and diabetes on the complexity of physiological signals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 using 3 cross
2 multiscale 3 cross
4 - 5 approximate
4 - 10 ,
5 approximate 6 entropy
6 entropy 8 mce
7 ( 8 mce
8 mce 9 )
10 , 11 we
10 , 19 and
11 we 19 and
12 quantified 14 complexity
12 quantified 15 between
12 quantified 19 and
13 the 14 complexity
15 between 18 series
16 the 17 two
17 two 18 series
19 and 21 differentiated
20 thereby 21 differentiated
21 differentiated 23 influence
21 differentiated 28 on
22 the 23 influence
23 influence 24 of
24 of 26 and
25 age 26 and
26 and 27 diabetes
28 on 30 complexity
29 the 30 complexity
30 complexity 31 of
31 of 33 signals
32 physiological 33 signals

this study used mce in the quantification of complexity between rri and ptt time series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 used
3 used 4 mce
3 used 5 in
3 used 10 between
5 in 7 quantification
6 the 7 quantification
7 quantification 8 of
8 of 9 complexity
10 between 12 and
11 rri 12 and
12 and 15 series
13 ptt 15 series
14 time 15 series

we observed changes in the influences of age and disease on the coupling effects between the heart and blood vessels in the cardiovascular system , which reduced the complexity between rri and ptt series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 18 and
2 observed 3 changes
2 observed 4 in
2 observed 11 on
2 observed 18 and
4 in 6 influences
5 the 6 influences
6 influences 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 age 9 and
9 and 10 disease
11 on 14 effects
12 the 14 effects
13 coupling 14 effects
14 effects 15 between
15 between 17 heart
16 the 17 heart
18 and 19 blood
19 blood 20 vessels
19 blood 21 in
21 in 24 system
22 the 24 system
23 cardiovascular 24 system
25 , 26 which
25 , 27 reduced
26 which 27 reduced
27 reduced 29 complexity
27 reduced 30 between
28 the 29 complexity
30 between 32 and
31 rri 32 and
32 and 34 series
33 ptt 34 series

unlabelled : evaluating the symptomatic progression of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) caused by alzheimer disease ( ad ) is practically accomplished by tracking performance on cognitive tasks , such as the alzheimer disease assessment scale 's cognitive subscale ( adas_cog ) , the mini - mental status examination ( mmse ) , and the functional activities questionnaire ( faq ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
2 : 3 evaluating
2 : 14 caused
2 : 44 ,
2 : 47 -
3 evaluating 6 progression
3 evaluating 14 caused
4 the 6 progression
5 symptomatic 6 progression
6 progression 7 of
6 progression 12 mci
7 of 10 impairment
8 mild 10 impairment
9 cognitive 10 impairment
11 ( 12 mci
12 mci 13 )
14 caused 15 by
14 caused 26 performance
15 by 16 alzheimer
16 alzheimer 17 disease
16 alzheimer 25 tracking
17 disease 19 ad
17 disease 21 is
18 ( 19 ad
19 ad 20 )
21 is 23 accomplished
22 practically 23 accomplished
23 accomplished 24 by
24 by 25 tracking
26 performance 27 on
27 on 29 tasks
28 cognitive 29 tasks
29 tasks 32 as
30 , 32 as
31 such 32 as
32 as 40 subscale
32 as 44 ,
33 the 37 scale
34 alzheimer 35 disease
35 disease 36 assessment
36 assessment 37 scale
37 scale 38 's
38 's 40 subscale
39 cognitive 40 subscale
40 subscale 42 adas_cog
41 ( 42 adas_cog
42 adas_cog 43 )
44 , 46 mini
45 the 46 mini
47 - 55 and
48 mental 49 status
49 status 50 examination
50 examination 52 mmse
51 ( 52 mmse
52 mmse 53 )
52 mmse 55 and
54 , 55 and
55 and 61 faq
56 the 61 faq
57 functional 58 activities
58 activities 59 questionnaire
59 questionnaire 61 faq
60 ( 61 faq
61 faq 62 )

the longitudinal relationships between cognitive [decline] and metabolic function as assessed using [(] 18 )f - fdg pet are needed to address both the cognitive and the biologic progression of disease state in individual subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 relationships
2 longitudinal 3 relationships
3 relationships 4 between
3 relationships 9 function
4 between 7 and
5 cognitive 7 and
7 and 8 metabolic
9 function 10 as
10 as 11 assessed
11 assessed 12 using
11 assessed 18 pet
11 assessed 32 state
12 using 17 fdg
14 18 17 fdg
15 )f 16 -
15 )f 17 fdg
18 pet 19 are
19 are 20 needed
20 needed 21 to
21 to 22 address
22 address 23 both
24 the 25 cognitive
25 cognitive 26 and
26 and 29 progression
26 and 30 of
26 and 32 state
27 the 29 progression
28 biologic 29 progression
30 of 31 disease
32 state 33 in
33 in 35 subjects
34 individual 35 subjects

we conducted an exploratory investigation to evaluate longitudinal changes in brain glucose metabolism of individual subjects and their relationship to the subject 's changes of cognitive status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 5 investigation
2 conducted 6 to
2 conducted 20 to
3 an 5 investigation
4 exploratory 5 investigation
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 changes
7 evaluate 10 in
8 longitudinal 9 changes
10 in 17 and
11 brain 13 metabolism
12 glucose 13 metabolism
13 metabolism 14 of
13 metabolism 17 and
14 of 16 subjects
15 individual 16 subjects
17 and 19 relationship
18 their 19 relationship
20 to 24 changes
21 the 22 subject
22 subject 23 's
23 's 24 changes
24 changes 25 of
25 of 27 status
26 cognitive 27 status

methods : we describe a method to determine correlations in ( 18 )f - fdg spatial distribution over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 describe
2 : 14 -
2 : 20 .
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 6 method
5 a 6 method
6 method 7 to
6 method 10 in
6 method 13 )f
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 correlations
8 determine 10 in
11 ( 13 )f
12 18 13 )f
13 )f 14 -
14 - 17 distribution
15 fdg 17 distribution
16 spatial 17 distribution
17 distribution 18 over
18 over 19 time

this parameter is termed the regional ( 18 )f - fdg time correlation coefficient ( rftc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parameter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 termed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 parameter
2 parameter 3 is
3 is 4 termed
4 termed 14 coefficient
5 the 14 coefficient
6 regional 9 )f
6 regional 14 coefficient
7 ( 9 )f
8 18 9 )f
9 )f 10 -
11 fdg 14 coefficient
12 time 14 coefficient
13 correlation 14 coefficient
14 coefficient 16 rftc
15 ( 16 rftc
16 rftc 17 )

by using linear mixed [-] effects models , we determined the difference in the rftc decline rate between controls and subjects at high risk of developing ad , such as individuals with mci or the presence of apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) - ε4 allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 by 2 using
1 by 8 ,
1 by 9 we
2 using 7 models
3 linear 7 models
4 mixed 7 models
6 effects 7 models
9 we 10 determined
10 determined 12 difference
10 determined 13 in
10 determined 18 between
11 the 12 difference
13 in 17 rate
14 the 17 rate
15 rftc 16 decline
16 decline 17 rate
18 between 20 and
19 controls 20 and
20 and 21 subjects
20 and 22 at
20 and 45 allele
22 at 24 risk
23 high 24 risk
24 risk 25 of
24 risk 30 as
25 of 26 developing
26 developing 27 ad
28 , 30 as
29 such 30 as
30 as 34 or
30 as 43 -
31 individuals 32 with
31 individuals 34 or
32 with 33 mci
34 or 36 presence
34 or 43 -
35 the 36 presence
36 presence 37 of
37 of 38 apolipoprotein
38 apolipoprotein 39 e
38 apolipoprotein 41 apoe
40 ( 41 apoe
41 apoe 42 )
44 ε4 45 allele

the association between each subject 's rftc and performance on cognitive tests ( adas_cog , mmse , and faq ) was determined with 2 different correlation methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 18 and
2 association 21 was
3 between 8 and
4 each 5 subject
5 subject 6 's
6 's 7 rftc
7 rftc 8 and
8 and 9 performance
8 and 10 on
10 on 12 tests
11 cognitive 12 tests
13 ( 18 and
14 adas_cog 16 mmse
15 , 16 mmse
16 mmse 17 ,
16 mmse 18 and
18 and 19 faq
18 and 20 )
21 was 22 determined
22 determined 23 with
23 with 27 methods
24 2 27 methods
25 different 27 methods
26 correlation 27 methods

all subject data were downloaded from the alzheimer disease neuroimaging initiative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 downloaded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 all 3 data
2 subject 3 data
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 downloaded
5 downloaded 6 from
6 from 11 initiative
7 the 11 initiative
8 alzheimer 9 disease
9 disease 10 neuroimaging
10 neuroimaging 11 initiative

results : the rftc values of controls remained fairly constant over time [(] - 0.003 annual change ; 95 % confidence interval , - 0.010 - 0.004 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 values
2 : 8 remained
2 : 14 -
3 the 5 values
4 rftc 5 values
5 values 6 of
5 values 8 remained
6 of 7 controls
8 remained 9 fairly
8 remained 10 constant
10 constant 11 over
11 over 12 time
14 - 17 change
14 - 18 ;
14 - 29 )(
15 0.003 17 change
16 annual 17 change
18 ; 22 interval
18 ; 23 ,
19 95 20 %
20 % 22 interval
21 confidence 22 interval
23 , 24 -
23 , 26 -
24 - 25 0.010
25 0.010 26 -
26 - 27 0.004

in mci [patients] , the rftc declined faster than in controls by an additional annual change of - 0.02 ( 95 % confidence interval [,] - 0.030 to - 0.010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rftc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 mci
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 rftc
5 the 6 rftc
6 rftc 7 declined
7 declined 8 faster
7 declined 9 than
9 than 10 in
10 in 11 controls
11 controls 12 by
11 controls 24 interval
12 by 16 change
13 an 14 additional
13 an 16 change
14 additional 16 change
15 annual 16 change
16 change 17 of
17 of 19 0.02
18 - 19 0.02
20 ( 24 interval
21 95 22 %
22 % 23 confidence
23 confidence 24 interval
24 interval 28 to
24 interval 31 )
26 - 27 0.030
27 0.030 28 to
28 to 30 0.010
29 - 30 0.010

in mci [patients] , the decline in rftc was associated with cognitive decline [(] adas_cog , p = 0.011 ; faq , p = 0.0016 [;] mmse , p = 0.004 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 mci
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 decline
5 the 6 decline
6 decline 7 in
6 decline 9 was
7 in 8 rftc
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 18 =
11 with 15 adas_cog
12 cognitive 13 decline
13 decline 15 adas_cog
16 , 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.011
18 = 20 ;
20 ; 23 p
20 ; 24 =
21 faq 22 ,
21 faq 23 p
23 p 24 =
24 = 27 mmse
25 0.0016 27 mmse
27 mmse 30 =
28 , 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.004
30 = 32 )

after a linear effect of time was accounted for , visit - to - visit changes in rftc correlated [with] visit [-] to [-] visit changes in all 3 cognitive tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 visit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 visit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 after 4 effect
1 after 9 for
1 after 11 visit
2 a 3 linear
2 a 4 effect
3 linear 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 7 was
5 of 6 time
7 was 9 for
8 accounted 9 for
9 for 10 ,
12 - 13 to
12 - 21 visit
13 to 14 -
15 visit 16 changes
16 changes 17 in
16 changes 21 visit
17 in 18 rftc
18 rftc 19 correlated
21 visit 23 to
23 to 25 visit
25 visit 26 changes
25 visit 27 in
27 in 31 tests
28 all 29 3
29 3 31 tests
30 cognitive 31 tests

conclusion : longitudinal changes in rftc detect subtle metabolic changes in individuals associated with variations in their cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 changes
2 : 7 detect
2 : 19 .
3 longitudinal 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 7 detect
5 in 6 rftc
7 detect 10 changes
7 detect 11 in
8 subtle 10 changes
9 metabolic 10 changes
11 in 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 associated
12 individuals 16 in
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 variations
16 in 18 cognition
17 their 18 cognition

this analytic tool may be useful for a patient - based [monitoring] [of] cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tool
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 3 tool
2 analytic 3 tool
3 tool 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 6 useful
6 useful 7 for
7 for 15 decline
8 a 9 patient
8 a 15 decline
9 patient 10 -
9 patient 15 decline
11 based 15 decline
14 cognitive 15 decline

the trans - golgi [network] ( tgn ) functions as a hub organelle in the exocytosis of clathrin - coated membrane vesicles , and smap2 is an arf gtpase - activating protein that binds to both clathrin and the clathrin assembly protein ( calm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 coated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
1 the 2 trans
2 trans 9 functions
2 trans 20 coated
3 - 9 functions
4 golgi 7 tgn
6 ( 7 tgn
7 tgn 8 )
7 tgn 9 functions
9 functions 10 as
9 functions 19 -
10 as 12 hub
11 a 12 hub
12 hub 13 organelle
12 hub 17 of
13 organelle 14 in
14 in 16 exocytosis
15 the 16 exocytosis
17 of 18 clathrin
20 coated 22 vesicles
21 membrane 22 vesicles
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 smap2
24 and 26 is
25 smap2 26 is
26 is 29 gtpase
27 an 29 gtpase
28 arf 29 gtpase
29 gtpase 32 protein
30 - 32 protein
31 activating 32 protein
32 protein 33 that
32 protein 34 binds
32 protein 44 calm
32 protein 46 .
33 that 34 binds
34 binds 35 to
35 to 38 and
36 both 38 and
37 clathrin 38 and
38 and 42 protein
39 the 42 protein
40 clathrin 41 assembly
41 assembly 42 protein
43 ( 44 calm
44 calm 45 )

in the present study , smap2 is detected on the tgn in the pachytene spermatocyte to the round spermatid stages of spermatogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 smap2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 smap2
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 smap2 7 is
7 is 8 detected
8 detected 9 on
8 detected 12 in
8 detected 15 spermatocyte
9 on 11 tgn
10 the 11 tgn
12 in 14 pachytene
13 the 14 pachytene
15 spermatocyte 16 to
16 to 20 stages
17 the 20 stages
18 round 20 stages
19 spermatid 20 stages
20 stages 21 of
21 of 22 spermatogenesis

gene [targeting] reveals that smap2 [-] deficient male mice are healthy and survive to adulthood but are infertile and exhibit globozoospermia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 gene 12 and
3 reveals 4 that
3 reveals 12 and
4 that 9 mice
4 that 10 are
5 smap2 9 mice
7 deficient 8 male
8 male 9 mice
9 mice 10 are
10 are 11 healthy
12 and 13 survive
13 survive 14 to
14 to 15 adulthood
16 but 17 are
16 but 21 globozoospermia
17 are 19 and
17 are 21 globozoospermia
18 infertile 19 and
19 and 20 exhibit

in smap2 - deficient spermatids , the diameter of proacrosomal vesicles budding from tgn increases , tgn structures are distorted , acrosome formation is severely impaired , and reorganization of the nucleus does not proceed properly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 diameter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 smap2
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 diameter
2 smap2 5 spermatids
3 - 5 spermatids
4 deficient 5 spermatids
5 spermatids 6 ,
7 the 8 diameter
8 diameter 9 of
8 diameter 15 increases
9 of 11 vesicles
10 proacrosomal 11 vesicles
11 vesicles 12 budding
12 budding 13 from
13 from 14 tgn
16 , 18 structures
16 , 20 distorted
16 , 21 ,
17 tgn 18 structures
18 structures 19 are
19 are 20 distorted
21 , 23 formation
21 , 26 impaired
21 , 28 and
22 acrosome 23 formation
23 formation 24 is
24 is 26 impaired
25 severely 26 impaired
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 reorganization
28 and 35 proceed
29 reorganization 30 of
29 reorganization 33 does
30 of 32 nucleus
31 the 32 nucleus
33 does 34 not
33 does 35 proceed
35 proceed 36 properly

calm functions to regulate vesicle sizes , and this study shows that calm is not recruited to the tgn in the absence of smap2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 calm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 calm 2 functions
2 functions 3 to
3 to 4 regulate
4 regulate 6 sizes
5 vesicle 6 sizes
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 study
8 and 11 shows
9 this 10 study
10 study 11 shows
11 shows 12 that
12 that 13 calm
12 that 14 is
13 calm 14 is
14 is 15 not
14 is 17 to
14 is 20 in
15 not 16 recruited
17 to 19 tgn
18 the 19 tgn
20 in 22 absence
21 the 22 absence
22 absence 23 of
23 of 24 smap2

furthermore , syntaxin2 , a component of the soluble [n] - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor attachment protein receptor ( snare ) [complex] , is not properly concentrated at the site of acrosome formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 syntaxin2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 concentrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 syntaxin2
3 syntaxin2 6 component
3 syntaxin2 24 is
4 , 6 component
5 a 6 component
6 component 7 of
6 component 20 snare
6 component 23 ,
7 of 18 receptor
8 the 18 receptor
9 soluble 12 ethylmaleimide
9 soluble 15 factor
11 - 12 ethylmaleimide
12 ethylmaleimide 13 -
14 sensitive 15 factor
15 factor 16 attachment
16 attachment 17 protein
17 protein 18 receptor
19 ( 20 snare
20 snare 21 )
24 is 25 not
24 is 27 concentrated
26 properly 27 concentrated
27 concentrated 28 at
28 at 30 site
29 the 30 site
30 site 31 of
31 of 33 formation
32 acrosome 33 formation

thus this study reveals a link between smap2 and calm/syntaxin2 in clathrin - coated vesicle formation from the tgn and subsequent acrosome formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reveals
1 thus 3 study
2 this 3 study
3 study 4 reveals
4 reveals 6 link
4 reveals 7 between
4 reveals 11 in
5 a 6 link
7 between 10 calm/syntaxin2
8 smap2 9 and
9 and 10 calm/syntaxin2
11 in 12 clathrin
12 clathrin 20 and
13 - 20 and
14 coated 15 vesicle
15 vesicle 16 formation
16 formation 17 from
16 formation 20 and
17 from 19 tgn
18 the 19 tgn
20 and 23 formation
20 and 24 .
21 subsequent 22 acrosome
22 acrosome 23 formation

smap2 - deficient mice provide a model for globozoospermia in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 smap2 2 -
1 smap2 4 mice
3 deficient 4 mice
4 mice 5 provide
5 provide 7 model
5 provide 10 in
6 a 7 model
7 model 8 for
8 for 9 globozoospermia
10 in 11 humans

context : vitamin d is known to influence muscle health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 vitamin
2 : 6 known
2 : 11 .
3 vitamin 4 d
3 vitamin 5 is
5 is 6 known
6 known 7 to
6 known 8 influence
7 to 8 influence
8 influence 10 health
9 muscle 10 health

a reduction in muscle [mass] increases the risk of functional limitations among older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 in
2 reduction 6 increases
3 in 4 muscle
6 increases 8 risk
6 increases 12 among
7 the 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 11 limitations
10 functional 11 limitations
12 among 14 individuals
13 older 14 individuals

objective : the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between vitamin d status and functional limitations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 examine
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 12 relationship
10 examine 13 between
11 the 12 relationship
13 between 17 and
14 vitamin 15 d
14 vitamin 16 status
16 status 17 and
17 and 19 limitations
18 functional 19 limitations

design , setting , and participants : two independent cohorts of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
5 and 6 participants
7 : 10 cohorts
7 : 18 used
7 : 19 .
8 two 10 cohorts
9 independent 10 cohorts
10 cohorts 11 of
10 cohorts 17 were
11 of 16 amsterdam
12 the 16 amsterdam
13 longitudinal 14 aging
14 aging 15 study
15 study 16 amsterdam
17 were 18 used

participants were aged 65 to 88 years [(] older [cohort] , n = 1237 ; baseline 1995 [ )(and 55 to 65 years [(] younger cohort , n = 725 ; [baseline] 2002 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 )(
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 aged
3 aged 5 to
3 aged 9 older
4 65 5 to
5 to 6 88
6 88 7 years
7 years 9 older
9 older 13 =
11 , 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 1237
15 ; 19 )(and
15 ; 31 ;
16 baseline 17 1995
16 baseline 19 )(and
19 )(and 26 cohort
19 )(and 29 =
20 55 21 to
21 to 22 65
21 to 23 years
23 years 25 younger
25 younger 26 cohort
27 , 29 =
28 n 29 =
29 = 30 725
31 ; 33 2002

main outcome measures : questions on the ability and degree of difficulty to perform 6 functions of daily life were asked . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 5 questions
5 questions 6 on
5 questions 11 of
6 on 9 and
7 the 8 ability
8 ability 9 and
9 and 10 degree
11 of 12 difficulty
12 difficulty 13 to
12 difficulty 21 asked
13 to 14 perform
14 perform 15 6
16 functions 17 of
16 functions 20 were
17 of 19 life
18 daily 19 life
20 were 21 asked

results : of the participants , 56 % in the older cohort [and] 30 % in the younger cohort had ≥1 limitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 5 participants
4 the 5 participants
6 , 8 %
6 , 21 ≥1
7 56 8 %
8 % 9 in
8 % 21 ≥1
9 in 12 cohort
10 the 12 cohort
11 older 12 cohort
12 cohort 15 %
12 cohort 20 had
14 30 15 %
15 % 16 in
15 % 20 had
16 in 19 cohort
17 the 19 cohort
18 younger 19 cohort
21 ≥1 22 limitation

vitamin d [deficiency] ( 25 - hydroxyvitamin d level of < 20 ng/ml [ )(compared with the value in the reference group ( >30 [ng/ml] ) [was] related to the presence of functional limitations at baseline [(] odds ratio [ or ] = 1.7 [;] 95 % confidence interval [ ci []] , 1.2 - 2.5 and [or] = 2.2 [;] [95] % ci 1.3 - 3.7 for the older and younger cohorts [,] [respectively] [ )( 
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 6 -
1 vitamin 9 level
4 ( 6 -
5 25 6 -
6 - 7 hydroxyvitamin
7 hydroxyvitamin 8 d
9 level 10 of
9 level 15 )(compared
10 of 13 ng/ml
11 < 12 20
12 20 13 ng/ml
15 )(compared 16 with
16 with 18 value
17 the 18 value
18 value 19 in
18 value 28 related
19 in 22 group
20 the 22 group
21 reference 22 group
22 group 24 >30
23 ( 24 >30
24 >30 26 )
28 related 29 to
28 related 35 at
29 to 31 presence
30 the 31 presence
31 presence 32 of
32 of 34 limitations
33 functional 34 limitations
35 at 36 baseline
36 baseline 39 ratio
36 baseline 43 =
38 odds 39 ratio
39 ratio 41 or
39 ratio 43 =
40 [ 41 or
41 or 42 ]
43 = 55 -
44 1.7 48 confidence
46 95 47 %
47 % 48 confidence
48 confidence 49 interval
49 interval 51 ci
50 [ 51 ci
51 ci 53 ,
53 , 55 -
54 1.2 55 -
55 - 64 ci
56 2.5 57 and
57 and 60 2.2
57 and 64 ci
59 = 60 2.2
63 % 64 ci
64 ci 65 1.3
64 ci 67 3.7
66 - 67 3.7
67 3.7 68 for
67 3.7 77 )(
68 for 73 cohorts
69 the 73 cohorts
70 older 71 and
71 and 72 younger
71 and 73 cohorts

in the older cohort , vitamin d deficiency was associated with an increase in limitations at 3 years [(] or = 2.0 [;] 95 % ci , 1.1 - 3.5 ) , whereas vitamin d deficiency in the younger cohort was associated with an increase in limitations at 6 years ( or [=] 3.3 [;] 95 % ci , 1.1 - 10.1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
1 in 4 cohort
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 deficiency
2 the 4 cohort
3 older 4 cohort
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 8 deficiency
8 deficiency 9 was
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 16 at
11 with 13 increase
11 with 14 in
12 an 13 increase
14 in 15 limitations
16 at 18 years
17 3 18 years
18 years 20 or
18 years 21 =
20 or 21 =
21 = 26 ci
21 = 33 whereas
22 2.0 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 28 1.1
27 , 28 1.1
28 1.1 30 3.5
28 1.1 32 ,
29 - 30 3.5
30 3.5 31 )
33 whereas 36 deficiency
33 whereas 42 associated
34 vitamin 35 d
34 vitamin 36 deficiency
36 deficiency 37 in
36 deficiency 41 was
37 in 40 cohort
38 the 40 cohort
39 younger 40 cohort
41 was 42 associated
42 associated 43 with
42 associated 46 in
42 associated 48 at
43 with 45 increase
44 an 45 increase
46 in 47 limitations
48 at 49 6
49 6 60 1.1
50 years 58 ci
51 ( 58 ci
52 or 58 ci
54 3.3 58 ci
56 95 58 ci
57 % 58 ci
58 ci 59 ,
59 , 60 1.1
60 1.1 62 10.1
60 1.1 64 .
61 - 62 10.1
62 10.1 63 )

analyses were adjusted for confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 analyses 2 were
2 were 3 adjusted
3 adjusted 4 for
4 for 5 confounders

conclusion : vitamin d status is associated with functional limitations cross [-] sectionally and longitudinally in individuals aged 55 to 65 years and those 65 years and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 status
2 : 7 associated
2 : 29 .
3 vitamin 4 d
3 vitamin 5 status
5 status 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 14 and
7 associated 16 in
7 associated 18 aged
8 with 10 limitations
9 functional 10 limitations
11 cross 13 sectionally
13 sectionally 14 and
14 and 15 longitudinally
16 in 17 individuals
18 aged 20 to
18 aged 27 and
19 55 20 to
20 to 21 65
22 years 23 and
23 and 26 years
23 and 27 and
24 those 26 years
25 65 26 years
27 and 28 older

the possible association of vitamin d with functional limitations is present after a shorter [follow] - up time in the oldest age group compared with the younger age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 association
2 possible 3 association
3 association 4 of
3 association 10 is
4 of 5 vitamin
5 vitamin 6 d
5 vitamin 7 with
7 with 9 limitations
8 functional 9 limitations
10 is 11 present
11 present 12 after
11 present 19 in
12 after 18 time
13 a 18 time
14 shorter 16 -
14 shorter 18 time
17 up 18 time
19 in 23 group
20 the 21 oldest
20 the 23 group
22 age 23 group
23 group 24 compared
24 compared 25 with
25 with 29 group
26 the 29 group
27 younger 28 age
28 age 29 group

leber hereditary optic neuropathy is a well - known mitochondrial disorder that leads to bilateral subacute visual failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 neuropathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 leber 4 neuropathy
2 hereditary 4 neuropathy
3 optic 4 neuropathy
4 neuropathy 5 is
5 is 7 well
6 a 7 well
8 - 11 disorder
9 known 11 disorder
10 mitochondrial 11 disorder
11 disorder 12 that
11 disorder 13 leads
12 that 13 leads
13 leads 14 to
14 to 18 failure
15 bilateral 18 failure
16 subacute 18 failure
17 visual 18 failure

although visual impairment is often the sole clinical feature , additional and severe neurologic abnormalities also have been documented for this disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 3 impairment
1 although 4 is
1 although 10 ,
1 although 15 abnormalities
2 visual 3 impairment
3 impairment 4 is
4 is 5 often
4 is 9 feature
6 the 7 sole
6 the 9 feature
8 clinical 9 feature
11 additional 12 and
12 and 13 severe
12 and 15 abnormalities
14 neurologic 15 abnormalities
15 abnormalities 17 have
16 also 17 have
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 documented
19 documented 20 for
20 for 22 disease
21 this 22 disease

we report on a 13 [-] year [-] old boy who has presented with severe visual failure since early childhood in a context of prematurity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 on
3 on 10 boy
4 a 10 boy
5 13 7 year
7 year 10 boy
9 old 10 boy
10 boy 11 who
10 boy 12 has
10 boy 24 of
11 who 12 has
12 has 13 presented
13 presented 14 with
13 presented 18 since
13 presented 20 childhood
14 with 17 failure
15 severe 17 failure
16 visual 17 failure
19 early 20 childhood
20 childhood 21 in
21 in 23 context
22 a 23 context
24 of 25 prematurity

in the first years of his life , clinical features included delayed psychomotor development and ataxia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 delayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 years
1 in 10 features
2 the 3 first
2 the 4 years
5 of 7 life
5 of 8 ,
5 of 10 features
6 his 7 life
9 clinical 10 features
10 features 11 included
10 features 12 delayed
12 delayed 15 and
13 psychomotor 14 development
14 development 15 and
15 and 16 ataxia

the clinical presentation , which was initially attributed to prematurity , worsened thereafter , and the child developed acute neurologic degradation with the typical radiological findings of leigh [syndrome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 worsened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 presentation
2 clinical 3 presentation
3 presentation 5 which
3 presentation 12 worsened
4 , 5 which
5 which 6 was
5 which 11 ,
6 was 8 attributed
7 initially 8 attributed
8 attributed 9 to
9 to 10 prematurity
12 worsened 13 thereafter
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 child
15 and 18 developed
16 the 17 child
17 child 18 developed
18 developed 21 degradation
18 developed 22 with
19 acute 21 degradation
20 neurologic 21 degradation
22 with 26 findings
23 the 26 findings
24 typical 26 findings
25 radiological 26 findings
26 findings 27 of
27 of 28 leigh

the mitochondrial dna point mutation 11778g>a was identified in the nd4 gene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 11778g>a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 6 11778g>a
2 mitochondrial 6 11778g>a
3 dna 6 11778g>a
4 point 6 11778g>a
5 mutation 6 11778g>a
6 11778g>a 7 was
7 was 8 identified
8 identified 9 in
9 in 12 gene
10 the 12 gene
11 nd4 12 gene

the probable influence of environmental background [on] clinical expression of leber optic neuropathy , particularly those of prematurity and oxygen therapy , is discussed in our manuscript . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 influence
2 probable 3 influence
3 influence 4 of
3 influence 23 is
4 of 9 expression
5 environmental 6 background
6 background 9 expression
8 clinical 9 expression
9 expression 10 of
10 of 13 neuropathy
11 leber 13 neuropathy
12 optic 13 neuropathy
13 neuropathy 19 and
14 , 15 particularly
14 , 19 and
16 those 17 of
16 those 19 and
17 of 18 prematurity
19 and 21 therapy
19 and 22 ,
20 oxygen 21 therapy
23 is 24 discussed
24 discussed 25 in
25 in 27 manuscript
26 our 27 manuscript

with the smooth move towards the coming expected clinical reports of anticancer pharmaceutical molecules targeting telomeres and telomerase , [and] also with the exciting success in the extension of lifespan by regulating telomerase activity without increased onset of oncogenesis in laboratory mouse models ( garcia - cao et al . [,] [2006] [;] jaskelioff et al . , 2011 ) , [we] [are] convinced that targeting telomeres based on telomerase will be a potential approach to conquer both aging and cancer and the idea of longevity [seems] to be no more mysterious . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 move
1 with 3 smooth
1 with 4 move
2 the 3 smooth
4 move 5 towards
5 towards 10 reports
6 the 10 reports
7 coming 10 reports
8 expected 10 reports
9 clinical 10 reports
10 reports 11 of
11 of 14 molecules
12 anticancer 14 molecules
13 pharmaceutical 14 molecules
14 molecules 15 targeting
15 targeting 17 and
15 targeting 21 also
15 targeting 22 with
16 telomeres 17 and
17 and 18 telomerase
17 and 19 ,
22 with 25 success
23 the 25 success
24 exciting 25 success
25 success 26 in
26 in 28 extension
27 the 28 extension
28 extension 29 of
29 of 30 lifespan
30 lifespan 31 by
30 lifespan 38 of
31 by 32 regulating
32 regulating 34 activity
33 telomerase 34 activity
34 activity 35 without
35 without 37 onset
36 increased 37 onset
38 of 39 oncogenesis
39 oncogenesis 40 in
39 oncogenesis 46 -
40 in 41 laboratory
41 laboratory 42 mouse
41 laboratory 43 models
42 mouse 43 models
44 ( 46 -
45 garcia 46 -
46 - 56 al
47 cao 49 al
48 et 49 al
49 al 50 .
49 al 54 jaskelioff
54 jaskelioff 56 al
55 et 56 al
56 al 57 .
56 al 59 2011
56 al 64 convinced
58 , 59 2011
59 2011 60 )
61 , 64 convinced
64 convinced 65 that
65 that 66 targeting
65 that 72 be
66 targeting 67 telomeres
66 targeting 71 will
67 telomeres 68 based
68 based 69 on
69 on 70 telomerase
71 will 72 be
72 be 75 approach
72 be 76 to
73 a 75 approach
74 potential 75 approach
76 to 77 conquer
77 conquer 82 and
78 both 82 and
79 aging 80 and
80 and 81 cancer
80 and 82 and
82 and 84 idea
82 and 93 .
83 the 84 idea
84 idea 85 of
85 of 86 longevity
86 longevity 88 to
86 longevity 89 be
88 to 89 be
89 be 91 more
89 be 92 mysterious
90 no 91 more

more interestingly , emerging evidences from clinical research [reveal] that [other] telomeric factors , like specific telomeric binding proteins and nonspecific telomere associated proteins also show crucial importance in aging and oncogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emerging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evidences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 more 2 interestingly
2 interestingly 3 ,
2 interestingly 4 emerging
4 emerging 5 evidences
5 evidences 6 from
5 evidences 13 factors
6 from 8 research
7 clinical 8 research
10 that 12 telomeric
12 telomeric 13 factors
14 , 15 like
14 , 20 and
15 like 19 proteins
16 specific 19 proteins
17 telomeric 19 proteins
18 binding 19 proteins
20 and 24 proteins
20 and 26 show
21 nonspecific 22 telomere
22 telomere 24 proteins
23 associated 24 proteins
24 proteins 26 show
25 also 26 show
26 show 31 and
27 crucial 28 importance
28 importance 29 in
28 importance 31 and
29 in 30 aging
31 and 32 oncogenesis

this stems from their roles in the stability of telomere structure and in the inhibition of dna damage [response] at telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 stems
2 stems 3 from
2 stems 20 at
3 from 5 roles
4 their 5 roles
5 roles 12 and
6 in 8 stability
6 in 12 and
7 the 8 stability
8 stability 9 of
9 of 11 structure
10 telomere 11 structure
12 and 13 in
13 in 15 inhibition
14 the 15 inhibition
15 inhibition 16 of
16 of 18 damage
17 dna 18 damage
20 at 21 telomeres

uncapping these proteins from chromosome ends leads to dramatic telomere loss and telomere dysfunction which is more abrupt than those induced by telomerase inactivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 uncapping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 uncapping 3 proteins
1 uncapping 4 from
1 uncapping 7 leads
2 these 3 proteins
4 from 6 ends
5 chromosome 6 ends
7 leads 8 to
8 to 11 loss
9 dramatic 11 loss
10 telomere 11 loss
12 and 14 dysfunction
12 and 21 induced
13 telomere 14 dysfunction
14 dysfunction 15 which
14 dysfunction 16 is
14 dysfunction 21 induced
15 which 16 is
16 is 18 abrupt
17 more 18 abrupt
18 abrupt 19 than
19 than 20 those
21 induced 22 by
21 induced 24 inactivation
22 by 23 telomerase

abnormal expression of these factors results in developmental failure , aging and even oncogenesis evidenced by several experimental models and clinical cases , indicating telomere specific proteins and its associated proteins have complimentary roles to telomerase in telomere protection and controlling cellular fate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 abnormal 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 7 in
2 expression 10 ,
3 of 6 results
4 these 6 results
5 factors 6 results
7 in 9 failure
8 developmental 9 failure
10 , 11 aging
10 , 12 and
12 and 14 oncogenesis
12 and 20 and
13 even 14 oncogenesis
14 oncogenesis 15 evidenced
15 evidenced 16 by
16 by 19 models
17 several 19 models
18 experimental 19 models
20 and 22 cases
20 and 23 ,
20 and 24 indicating
21 clinical 22 cases
24 indicating 28 and
24 indicating 32 have
25 telomere 27 proteins
26 specific 27 proteins
27 proteins 28 and
28 and 31 proteins
28 and 32 have
29 its 31 proteins
30 associated 31 proteins
32 have 34 roles
32 have 37 in
33 complimentary 34 roles
34 roles 35 to
35 to 36 telomerase
37 in 40 and
38 telomere 39 protection
39 protection 40 and
40 and 43 fate
41 controlling 43 fate
42 cellular 43 fate

thus , these telomeric factors might be potential clinical biomarkers for early detection or even therapeutic targets of aging and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 factors
3 these 5 factors
4 telomeric 5 factors
5 factors 14 or
6 might 7 be
6 might 14 or
7 be 10 biomarkers
8 potential 10 biomarkers
9 clinical 10 biomarkers
10 biomarkers 11 for
11 for 13 detection
12 early 13 detection
14 or 15 even
15 even 20 and
16 therapeutic 17 targets
17 targets 18 of
17 targets 20 and
18 of 19 aging
20 and 21 cancer

future studies to elucidate [how] these proteins function in telomere protection might benefit patients suffering aging or [cancer] who are not sensitive to telomerase mediation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 to
2 studies 4 elucidate
2 studies 8 function
3 to 4 elucidate
4 elucidate 7 proteins
6 these 7 proteins
8 function 9 in
9 in 10 telomere
10 telomere 11 protection
10 telomere 16 aging
11 protection 12 might
12 might 13 benefit
13 benefit 14 patients
14 patients 15 suffering
14 patients 16 aging
17 or 19 who
17 or 20 are
19 who 20 are
20 are 21 not
20 are 22 sensitive
21 not 22 sensitive
22 sensitive 23 to
23 to 25 mediation
24 telomerase 25 mediation

objective : to determine the feasibility of recruitment [and] retention of healthy older adults and the effectiveness of an intervention designed to manage age - related executive changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 26 related
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 15 and
5 the 15 and
6 feasibility 7 of
6 feasibility 15 and
7 of 10 retention
8 recruitment 10 retention
10 retention 11 of
11 of 14 adults
12 healthy 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 and 17 effectiveness
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 effectiveness
18 of 20 intervention
19 an 20 intervention
20 intervention 21 designed
21 designed 22 to
22 to 23 manage
23 manage 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 28 changes
27 executive 28 changes

design : a pilot randomized controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 7 trial
3 a 7 trial
4 pilot 5 randomized
5 randomized 7 trial
6 controlled 7 trial

setting : research centre [and] participants ' homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 8 homes
3 research 6 participants
4 centre 6 participants
6 participants 7 '
7 ' 8 homes

participants : nineteen healthy , community dwelling older adults with complaints of cognitive difficulties and everyday problems , but no evidence of mild cognitive impairment , dementia or depression on objective testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 9 adults
2 : 10 with
2 : 30 on
3 nineteen 9 adults
4 healthy 5 ,
4 healthy 9 adults
6 community 7 dwelling
7 dwelling 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 with 15 and
10 with 19 but
11 complaints 12 of
11 complaints 15 and
12 of 14 difficulties
13 cognitive 14 difficulties
15 and 17 problems
15 and 18 ,
16 everyday 17 problems
19 but 28 or
20 no 21 evidence
21 evidence 22 of
21 evidence 26 ,
22 of 25 impairment
23 mild 25 impairment
24 cognitive 25 impairment
26 , 27 dementia
26 , 28 or
28 or 29 depression
30 on 32 testing
31 objective 32 testing

interventions : seventeen hours of group and individual training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
2 : 4 hours
3 seventeen 4 hours
4 hours 5 of
5 of 7 and
6 group 7 and
7 and 9 training
8 individual 9 training

participants in the experimental arm received education about self [-] management , successful aging and an occupation - based meta - cognitive strategy - training program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 participants 2 in
1 participants 26 program
2 in 5 arm
3 the 5 arm
4 experimental 5 arm
5 arm 6 received
5 arm 7 education
5 arm 19 based
7 education 8 about
7 education 15 and
7 education 19 based
8 about 11 management
9 self 11 management
12 , 15 and
13 successful 14 aging
13 successful 15 and
15 and 17 occupation
15 and 18 -
16 an 17 occupation
19 based 25 training
20 meta 23 strategy
20 meta 25 training
21 - 23 strategy
22 cognitive 23 strategy
23 strategy 24 -

participants in the control arm received education about brain health and participated in cognitively stimulating exercises . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 participants 2 in
1 participants 11 and
2 in 5 arm
3 the 5 arm
4 control 5 arm
6 received 7 education
6 received 8 about
6 received 11 and
8 about 10 health
9 brain 10 health
11 and 12 participated
11 and 13 in
13 in 15 stimulating
14 cognitively 15 stimulating
15 stimulating 16 exercises

main measures : changes on untrained , everyday life goals were identified using the canadian occupational performance measure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 main 2 measures
3 : 4 changes
3 : 12 identified
3 : 19 .
4 changes 5 on
4 changes 11 were
5 on 10 goals
6 untrained 7 ,
6 untrained 9 life
8 everyday 9 life
9 life 10 goals
11 were 12 identified
12 identified 13 using
13 using 18 measure
14 the 15 canadian
15 canadian 18 measure
16 occupational 17 performance
17 performance 18 measure

generalization of benefits was measured using the stanford chronic disease questionnaire , general self - efficacy and changes in executive [function] ( delis - kaplan executive function system tower test , word fluency and trail - making test ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 generalization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 generalization 2 of
1 generalization 4 was
2 of 3 benefits
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 using
6 using 11 questionnaire
7 the 11 questionnaire
8 stanford 9 chronic
9 chronic 10 disease
10 disease 11 questionnaire
12 , 14 self
12 , 15 -
13 general 14 self
15 - 17 and
16 efficacy 17 and
17 and 18 changes
17 and 19 in
19 in 34 and
20 executive 23 delis
20 executive 30 test
22 ( 23 delis
23 delis 24 -
25 kaplan 26 executive
26 executive 27 function
27 function 28 system
28 system 29 tower
29 tower 30 test
30 test 31 ,
31 , 33 fluency
31 , 34 and
32 word 33 fluency
34 and 35 trail
34 and 37 making
36 - 37 making
37 making 38 test
37 making 39 )

results : 20 % ( 19/96 [ )(of healthy older adults approached [were] eligible , consented and were enrolled in the study , 90 % ( 17/19 ) were retained to three [-] month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 %
2 : 17 and
2 : 23 ,
3 20 4 %
4 % 6 19/96
4 % 17 and
5 ( 6 19/96
6 19/96 8 )(of
6 19/96 14 eligible
6 19/96 15 ,
8 )(of 11 adults
9 healthy 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 approached
16 consented 17 and
17 and 18 were
17 and 20 in
18 were 19 enrolled
20 in 22 study
21 the 22 study
23 , 34 month
23 , 35 follow
24 90 25 %
24 90 31 to
25 % 27 17/19
25 % 29 were
26 ( 27 17/19
27 17/19 28 )
29 were 30 retained
31 to 32 three
31 to 34 month
34 month 35 follow
35 follow 37 up
36 - 37 up
37 up 38 .

participants in the experimental arm reported significantly more improvement on untrained goals ( 11/22 compared with 9/46 , χ ( 2 )=4.92 , p<0.05 ) , maintenance of physical activity ( p<0.05 ) and better preparation for doctors ' visits ( p<0.05 ) relative to the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 participants 2 in
1 participants 6 reported
2 in 5 arm
3 the 5 arm
4 experimental 5 arm
6 reported 9 improvement
6 reported 10 on
7 significantly 8 more
8 more 9 improvement
10 on 12 goals
11 untrained 12 goals
12 goals 14 11/22
13 ( 14 11/22
14 11/22 15 compared
14 11/22 16 with
14 11/22 25 )
16 with 17 9/46
17 9/46 19 χ
17 9/46 24 p<0.05
18 , 19 χ
19 χ 22 )=4.92
19 χ 23 ,
20 ( 22 )=4.92
21 2 22 )=4.92
22 )=4.92 23 ,
23 , 24 p<0.05
24 p<0.05 25 )
26 , 34 and
26 , 48 group
27 maintenance 28 of
27 maintenance 34 and
28 of 30 activity
29 physical 30 activity
30 activity 32 p<0.05
31 ( 32 p<0.05
32 p<0.05 33 )
34 and 36 preparation
34 and 44 relative
34 and 48 group
35 better 36 preparation
36 preparation 37 for
37 for 40 visits
38 doctors 39 '
39 ' 40 visits
40 visits 42 p<0.05
41 ( 42 p<0.05
42 p<0.05 43 )
44 relative 45 to
45 to 47 control
46 the 47 control

there were no significant [between] group differences on objective measures of executive [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 7 differences
3 no 7 differences
4 significant 6 group
6 group 7 differences
7 differences 8 on
8 on 10 measures
9 objective 10 measures
10 measures 11 of
11 of 12 executive

conclusions : these data support the feasibility of a larger trial where a sample of 72 ( 36 participants in each arm ) would be required [to] [confirm] or refute these findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 29 or
2 : 33 .
3 these 4 data
4 data 29 or
5 support 7 feasibility
5 support 12 where
5 support 29 or
6 the 7 feasibility
7 feasibility 8 of
8 of 11 trial
9 a 11 trial
10 larger 11 trial
12 where 14 sample
12 where 26 required
13 a 14 sample
14 sample 15 of
14 sample 19 participants
14 sample 24 would
15 of 16 72
17 ( 19 participants
18 36 19 participants
19 participants 20 in
19 participants 23 )
20 in 22 arm
21 each 22 arm
24 would 25 be
25 be 26 required
29 or 30 refute
30 refute 32 findings
31 these 32 findings

the aging population has resulted in an increasing need for long - term enteral nutrition of patients with a wide range of disabling conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 population
2 aging 3 population
3 population 4 has
4 has 5 resulted
5 resulted 6 in
5 resulted 18 with
6 in 9 need
7 an 9 need
8 increasing 9 need
9 need 10 for
9 need 16 of
10 for 15 nutrition
11 long 12 -
11 long 13 term
13 term 15 nutrition
14 enteral 15 nutrition
16 of 17 patients
18 with 21 range
19 a 20 wide
19 a 21 range
20 wide 21 range
21 range 22 of
22 of 23 disabling
23 disabling 24 conditions

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is one of the applicable methods for long - term enteral nutrition support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gastrostomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 percutaneous 3 gastrostomy
2 endoscopic 3 gastrostomy
3 gastrostomy 4 is
4 is 5 one
5 one 6 of
6 of 9 methods
7 the 9 methods
8 applicable 9 methods
9 methods 10 for
10 for 16 support
11 long 12 -
11 long 13 term
13 term 16 support
14 enteral 15 nutrition
15 nutrition 16 support

the buried bumper syndrome is a rarely encountered [but] grave complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 syndrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 syndrome
2 buried 3 bumper
3 bumper 4 syndrome
4 syndrome 5 is
5 is 11 complication
6 a 11 complication
7 rarely 8 encountered
8 encountered 11 complication
10 grave 11 complication
11 complication 12 of
12 of 15 gastrostomy
13 percutaneous 15 gastrostomy
14 endoscopic 15 gastrostomy

various internal and external methods have been described for the removal of the buried bumper . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 various 5 methods
2 internal 3 and
3 and 4 external
3 and 5 methods
5 methods 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 described
8 described 9 for
9 for 11 removal
10 the 11 removal
11 removal 12 of
12 of 15 bumper
13 the 15 bumper
14 buried 15 bumper

removing the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube by external traction without an abdominal incision can resolve this problem efficiently , especially in cases in [whom] retrieval - type percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes have been used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 removing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 resolve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 removing 6 tube
1 removing 7 by
1 removing 10 without
1 removing 14 can
2 the 6 tube
3 percutaneous 6 tube
4 endoscopic 6 tube
5 gastrostomy 6 tube
7 by 9 traction
8 external 9 traction
10 without 13 incision
11 an 12 abdominal
11 an 13 incision
12 abdominal 13 incision
14 can 15 resolve
15 resolve 17 problem
15 resolve 18 efficiently
15 resolve 21 in
16 this 17 problem
19 , 20 especially
19 , 21 in
21 in 22 cases
21 in 26 -
22 cases 23 in
23 in 25 retrieval
26 - 31 tubes
26 - 34 used
27 type 31 tubes
28 percutaneous 30 gastrostomy
29 endoscopic 30 gastrostomy
30 gastrostomy 31 tubes
31 tubes 32 have
32 have 33 been
33 been 34 used

we report a case [of] buried bumper syndrome as a late complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 8 syndrome
2 report 9 as
3 a 8 syndrome
4 case 6 buried
6 buried 7 bumper
7 bumper 8 syndrome
9 as 12 complication
10 a 11 late
10 a 12 complication
11 late 12 complication
12 complication 13 of
13 of 17 placement
14 percutaneous 17 placement
15 endoscopic 17 placement
16 gastrostomy 17 placement

we removed the buried bumper with external traction and placed a new percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in a different site because of the peristomal infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 9 and
2 removed 5 bumper
2 removed 6 with
2 removed 9 and
3 the 5 bumper
4 buried 5 bumper
6 with 8 traction
7 external 8 traction
9 and 10 placed
10 placed 16 tube
10 placed 17 in
10 placed 21 because
11 a 12 new
11 a 16 tube
12 new 16 tube
13 percutaneous 16 tube
14 endoscopic 16 tube
15 gastrostomy 16 tube
17 in 20 site
18 a 20 site
19 different 20 site
21 because 22 of
22 of 25 infection
23 the 25 infection
24 peristomal 25 infection

elder abuse appears to be widely underestimated by health professionals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abuse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 elder 2 abuse
2 abuse 3 appears
3 appears 4 to
3 appears 7 underestimated
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 widely
5 be 7 underestimated
7 underestimated 8 by
8 by 10 professionals
9 health 10 professionals

we aimed to evaluate the recognition of elder abuse among italian nurses and nursing students related to their professional , personal experiences and socio - demographic characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 16 related
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 recognition
4 evaluate 10 among
5 the 6 recognition
6 recognition 7 of
7 of 9 abuse
8 elder 9 abuse
10 among 13 and
11 italian 12 nurses
12 nurses 13 and
13 and 14 nursing
15 students 16 related
16 related 17 to
17 to 27 characteristics
18 their 27 characteristics
19 professional 23 and
19 professional 25 -
19 professional 27 characteristics
20 , 23 and
21 personal 22 experiences
22 experiences 23 and
23 and 24 socio
23 and 25 -
26 demographic 27 characteristics

data on age , gender , previous professional and personal experiences as well as nursing school teaching were collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 data 2 on
1 data 4 ,
2 on 3 age
4 , 5 gender
4 , 6 ,
6 , 8 professional
6 , 9 and
7 previous 8 professional
9 and 11 experiences
9 and 14 as
9 and 18 were
10 personal 11 experiences
12 as 13 well
13 well 14 as
14 as 15 nursing
15 nursing 16 school
16 school 17 teaching
18 were 19 collected

regarding abusive items , preventing elder ['s] movements by putting a table over the elder 's lap was identified by almost all participants , while locking someone at home was identified by half of them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 regarding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 regarding 3 items
1 regarding 5 preventing
1 regarding 25 while
1 regarding 30 was
2 abusive 3 items
4 , 5 preventing
5 preventing 8 movements
5 preventing 24 ,
6 elder 8 movements
8 movements 9 by
8 movements 17 lap
8 movements 18 was
8 movements 19 identified
9 by 10 putting
10 putting 12 table
10 putting 13 over
11 a 12 table
14 the 15 elder
15 elder 16 's
16 's 17 lap
17 lap 18 was
19 identified 20 by
20 by 23 participants
21 almost 22 all
22 all 23 participants
25 while 26 locking
26 locking 27 someone
26 locking 28 at
28 at 29 home
30 was 31 identified
31 identified 32 by
32 by 33 half
33 half 34 of
34 of 35 them

neglect was recognized by 25 % of nurses and 20 % [of] students , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neglect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recognized
1 neglect 2 was
2 was 3 recognized
3 recognized 4 by
3 recognized 15 respectively
4 by 6 %
5 25 6 %
6 % 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 nurses 9 and
9 and 13 students
10 20 13 students
11 % 13 students
14 , 15 respectively
15 respectively 16 .

the majority of nurses and students correctly identified [non] - abusive strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 5 and
3 of 4 nurses
5 and 6 students
5 and 8 identified
7 correctly 8 identified
10 - 12 strategies
10 - 13 .
11 abusive 12 strategies

reporting being taught on elder abuse was inversely associated with a good performance in detecting neglect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reporting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 reporting 2 being
1 reporting 7 was
1 reporting 9 associated
2 being 3 taught
2 being 7 was
3 taught 4 on
4 on 6 abuse
5 elder 6 abuse
8 inversely 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 14 in
10 with 13 performance
11 a 12 good
11 a 13 performance
12 good 13 performance
14 in 15 detecting
15 detecting 16 neglect

italian nurses ' [and] nursing students ' uncertainty in identifying abusive strategies , especially neglect , was consistent with results of previous studies in other countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 uncertainty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 italian 2 nurses
2 nurses 3 '
3 ' 6 students
5 nursing 6 students
6 students 7 '
7 ' 8 uncertainty
8 uncertainty 9 in
8 uncertainty 17 was
9 in 10 identifying
10 identifying 12 strategies
11 abusive 12 strategies
12 strategies 15 neglect
13 , 14 especially
13 , 15 neglect
15 neglect 16 ,
17 was 18 consistent
18 consistent 19 with
18 consistent 24 in
19 with 20 results
20 results 21 of
21 of 23 studies
22 previous 23 studies
24 in 26 countries
25 other 26 countries

standardized education in healthcare core curriculum [,] reference guidance and training are strongly needed to improve elder abuse recognition in italy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 standardized 2 education
2 education 3 in
2 education 10 and
3 in 9 guidance
4 healthcare 5 core
5 core 8 reference
6 curriculum 8 reference
8 reference 9 guidance
10 and 11 training
10 and 12 are
12 are 14 needed
13 strongly 14 needed
14 needed 15 to
14 needed 20 in
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 19 recognition
17 elder 18 abuse
18 abuse 19 recognition
20 in 21 italy

background : uk care home residents are often poorly served by existing healthcare arrangements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 residents
2 : 10 served
2 : 15 .
3 uk 6 residents
4 care 6 residents
5 home 6 residents
6 residents 7 are
7 are 8 often
7 are 10 served
9 poorly 10 served
10 served 11 by
11 by 14 arrangements
12 existing 14 arrangements
13 healthcare 14 arrangements

published descriptions of residents ' health status have been limited by lack of detail and use of data derived from surveys drawn from social , rather [than] health , care records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 descriptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 published 2 descriptions
2 descriptions 3 of
2 descriptions 8 have
3 of 7 status
4 residents 5 '
5 ' 7 status
6 health 7 status
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 limited
10 limited 11 by
11 by 12 lack
12 lack 13 of
13 of 14 detail
15 and 16 use
15 and 19 derived
16 use 17 of
16 use 19 derived
17 of 18 data
19 derived 20 from
19 derived 23 from
20 from 21 surveys
21 surveys 22 drawn
23 from 31 records
24 social 28 health
24 social 29 ,
24 social 30 care
25 , 26 rather
25 , 28 health
28 health 29 ,
30 care 31 records

aim : to describe in detail the health status and healthcare resource use of uk care home residents design and setting : a 180 [-] day longitudinal cohort study of 227 residents across 11 uk care homes , 5 nursing and [6] residential , selected to be representative for nursing/residential status and dementia registration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 5 in
4 describe 9 status
5 in 6 detail
7 the 9 status
8 health 9 status
10 and 13 use
11 healthcare 13 use
12 resource 13 use
13 use 14 of
13 use 22 :
14 of 21 setting
15 uk 16 care
16 care 18 residents
17 home 18 residents
18 residents 21 setting
19 design 20 and
20 and 21 setting
22 : 29 study
22 : 33 across
23 a 29 study
24 180 26 day
26 day 29 study
27 longitudinal 28 cohort
28 cohort 29 study
29 study 30 of
30 of 32 residents
31 227 32 residents
33 across 41 and
34 11 37 homes
35 uk 36 care
36 care 37 homes
37 homes 38 ,
38 , 40 nursing
38 , 41 and
39 5 40 nursing
41 and 43 residential
41 and 44 ,
41 and 45 selected
44 , 45 selected
45 selected 46 to
45 selected 49 for
45 selected 55 .
46 to 47 be
47 be 48 representative
49 for 52 and
50 nursing/residential 51 status
51 status 52 and
52 and 54 registration
53 dementia 54 registration

national health service ( nhs ) resource use data were collected from databases of local healthcare providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 national 2 health
2 health 3 service
3 service 5 nhs
4 ( 5 nhs
5 nhs 6 )
5 nhs 9 data
7 resource 8 use
8 use 9 data
9 data 10 were
10 were 11 collected
11 collected 12 from
12 from 13 databases
13 databases 14 of
14 of 17 providers
15 local 17 providers
16 healthcare 17 providers

results : out of a total of 323 , 227 residents were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 of
3 out 4 of
4 of 6 total
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
7 of 8 323
9 , 11 residents
9 , 13 recruited
10 227 11 residents
11 residents 12 were
12 were 13 recruited

the median bi was 9 ( iqr : 2.5 - 15.5 ) , mmse [13] ( 4 - 22 ) and number of medications 8 ( 5.5 - 10.5 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 bi
2 median 3 bi
3 bi 4 was
4 was 7 iqr
5 9 7 iqr
6 ( 7 iqr
7 iqr 8 :
8 : 9 2.5
9 2.5 11 15.5
9 2.5 21 and
10 - 11 15.5
11 15.5 12 )
13 , 21 and
14 mmse 18 -
14 mmse 21 and
16 ( 18 -
17 4 18 -
18 - 19 22
18 - 20 )
21 and 22 number
21 and 23 of
21 and 28 -
21 and 30 )
23 of 24 medications
24 medications 25 8
26 ( 28 -
27 5.5 28 -
28 - 29 10.5
28 - 30 )

the mean number of diagnoses per resident was 6.2 ( sd : 4 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 the 3 number
2 mean 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 8 was
4 of 5 diagnoses
5 diagnoses 6 per
6 per 7 resident
8 was 9 6.2
9 6.2 11 sd
10 ( 11 sd
11 sd 12 :
12 : 13 4
12 : 15 )(

thirty per cent were malnourished , 66 % had evidence of behavioural disturbance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thirty 2 per
1 thirty 4 were
2 per 3 cent
4 were 5 malnourished
6 , 8 %
6 , 9 had
7 66 8 %
8 % 9 had
9 had 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 of
11 of 13 disturbance
12 behavioural 13 disturbance

residents had contact with the nhs on average once per month . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 residents 2 had
2 had 3 contact
2 had 4 with
2 had 8 average
2 had 9 once
4 with 6 nhs
5 the 6 nhs
7 on 8 average
9 once 10 per
10 per 11 month

conclusion : residents from both residential and nursing settings are dependent , cognitively impaired , have mild frequent behavioural symptoms , multimorbidity , polypharmacy and [frequently] use nhs resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 residents
2 : 10 are
2 : 15 ,
2 : 16 have
3 residents 4 from
3 residents 10 are
4 from 7 and
5 both 7 and
6 residential 7 and
7 and 9 settings
8 nursing 9 settings
10 are 11 dependent
11 dependent 14 impaired
12 , 14 impaired
13 cognitively 14 impaired
14 impaired 15 ,
15 , 16 have
16 have 25 and
17 mild 20 symptoms
18 frequent 20 symptoms
19 behavioural 20 symptoms
20 symptoms 21 ,
21 , 22 multimorbidity
21 , 23 ,
23 , 24 polypharmacy
23 , 25 and
25 and 29 resources
27 use 29 resources
28 nhs 29 resources

effective care for such a cohort requires broad expertise from multiple disciplines delivered in a co - [ordinated] and managed way . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 effective 2 care
2 care 3 for
2 care 7 requires
3 for 6 cohort
4 such 5 a
5 a 6 cohort
7 requires 9 expertise
7 requires 13 delivered
8 broad 9 expertise
9 expertise 10 from
9 expertise 13 delivered
10 from 12 disciplines
11 multiple 12 disciplines
13 delivered 14 in
14 in 19 and
15 a 16 co
16 co 19 and
17 - 19 and
19 and 21 way
20 managed 21 way

hippocampal sclerosis of aging ( hs - aging ) is a causative factor in a large proportion of elderly dementia cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 hippocampal 2 sclerosis
2 sclerosis 3 of
2 sclerosis 6 hs
2 sclerosis 10 is
3 of 4 aging
5 ( 6 hs
6 hs 8 aging
6 hs 9 )
7 - 8 aging
8 aging 9 )
10 is 13 factor
11 a 12 causative
11 a 13 factor
12 causative 13 factor
13 factor 14 in
14 in 17 proportion
15 a 16 large
15 a 17 proportion
16 large 17 proportion
17 proportion 18 of
18 of 21 cases
19 elderly 21 cases
20 dementia 21 cases

the current definition of hs [-] aging rests on pathologic criteria : neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampal formation that is out of proportion to ad - type pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 definition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 rests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 the 3 definition
2 current 3 definition
3 definition 4 of
3 definition 8 rests
4 of 5 hs
5 hs 7 aging
8 rests 9 on
9 on 11 criteria
10 pathologic 11 criteria
12 : 30 pathology
12 : 31 .
13 neuronal 14 loss
14 loss 15 and
15 and 16 gliosis
15 and 28 -
15 and 29 type
16 gliosis 17 in
17 in 20 formation
18 the 20 formation
19 hippocampal 20 formation
20 formation 21 that
20 formation 22 is
20 formation 24 of
21 that 22 is
22 is 23 out
24 of 25 proportion
25 proportion 26 to
26 to 27 ad
29 type 30 pathology

hs - aging is also strongly associated with tdp - 43 pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 hs 2 -
1 hs 3 aging
3 aging 4 is
4 is 5 also
4 is 7 associated
6 strongly 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 9 tdp
10 - 12 pathology
10 - 13 .
11 43 12 pathology

hs - aging pathology appears to be most prevalent in the oldest - old : autopsy series indicate that 5 - 30 % of nonagenarians have hs - aging pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 have
1 hs 2 -
1 hs 3 aging
3 aging 4 pathology
3 aging 5 appears
5 appears 6 to
5 appears 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 9 prevalent
8 most 9 prevalent
9 prevalent 10 in
10 in 12 oldest
11 the 12 oldest
13 - 14 old
13 - 15 :
13 - 18 indicate
15 : 16 autopsy
17 series 18 indicate
18 indicate 19 that
18 indicate 21 -
20 5 21 -
21 - 22 30
22 30 23 %
23 % 24 of
23 % 26 have
24 of 25 nonagenarians
26 have 27 hs
27 hs 30 pathology
28 - 30 pathology
29 aging 30 pathology
30 pathology 31 .

among prior studies , differences in study design have contributed to the study - to [-] study variability in reported disease prevalence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 contributed
1 among 3 studies
1 among 4 ,
1 among 5 differences
2 prior 3 studies
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 9 have
6 in 8 design
7 study 8 design
9 have 10 contributed
10 contributed 11 to
11 to 13 study
12 the 13 study
13 study 15 to
14 - 15 to
15 to 17 study
15 to 23 .
17 study 18 variability
17 study 19 in
19 in 22 prevalence
20 reported 21 disease
21 disease 22 prevalence

the presence of hs [-] aging pathology correlates with significant cognitive impairment which is often misdiagnosed as ad clinically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 8 correlates
3 of 4 hs
4 hs 6 aging
6 aging 7 pathology
8 correlates 9 with
8 correlates 19 clinically
9 with 12 impairment
10 significant 12 impairment
11 cognitive 12 impairment
12 impairment 13 which
12 impairment 14 is
13 which 14 is
14 is 16 misdiagnosed
15 often 16 misdiagnosed
16 misdiagnosed 17 as
17 as 18 ad

the antemortem diagnosis is further confounded by other diseases linked to hippocampal atrophy including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and cerebrovascular pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 diagnosis
2 antemortem 3 diagnosis
3 diagnosis 4 is
4 is 20 pathologies
5 further 20 pathologies
6 confounded 7 by
6 confounded 18 and
7 by 9 diseases
8 other 9 diseases
9 diseases 10 linked
9 diseases 14 including
10 linked 11 to
11 to 13 atrophy
12 hippocampal 13 atrophy
14 including 17 degeneration
15 frontotemporal 17 degeneration
16 lobar 17 degeneration
18 and 19 cerebrovascular
18 and 20 pathologies

recent advances characterizing the neurocognitive profile of hs [-] aging patients have begun to provide clues that may help identify living individuals with hs - aging pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provide
1 recent 2 advances
2 advances 3 characterizing
2 advances 7 of
2 advances 12 have
3 characterizing 6 profile
4 the 6 profile
5 neurocognitive 6 profile
7 of 8 hs
8 hs 10 aging
10 aging 11 patients
12 have 13 begun
13 begun 14 to
14 to 15 provide
15 provide 16 clues
16 clues 17 that
16 clues 20 identify
16 clues 26 aging
17 that 18 may
18 may 19 help
19 help 20 identify
20 identify 22 individuals
20 identify 23 with
21 living 22 individuals
23 with 24 hs
25 - 26 aging
26 aging 27 pathology
26 aging 28 .

structural brain imaging studies of research subjects followed to autopsy reveal hippocampal atrophy that is substantially greater in people with eventual hs - aging pathology , compared to those with ad pathology alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 structural 2 brain
2 brain 3 imaging
2 brain 5 of
2 brain 7 subjects
2 brain 11 reveal
2 brain 27 compared
3 imaging 4 studies
5 of 6 research
7 subjects 8 followed
7 subjects 9 to
7 subjects 10 autopsy
7 subjects 11 reveal
9 to 10 autopsy
11 reveal 13 atrophy
11 reveal 18 in
11 reveal 24 aging
12 hippocampal 13 atrophy
13 atrophy 14 that
13 atrophy 15 is
14 that 15 is
15 is 16 substantially
15 is 17 greater
18 in 19 people
19 people 20 with
20 with 22 hs
21 eventual 22 hs
23 - 24 aging
24 aging 25 pathology
24 aging 26 ,
27 compared 28 to
27 compared 32 pathology
27 compared 33 alone
28 to 29 those
29 those 30 with
30 with 31 ad

data are presented from individuals who were followed with neurocognitive and neuroradiologic measurements , followed by neuropathologic [evaluation] at the university of kentucky . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 data 2 are
2 are 3 presented
3 presented 4 from
3 presented 19 at
4 from 5 individuals
5 individuals 6 who
5 individuals 14 ,
6 who 14 ,
7 were 8 followed
7 were 14 ,
8 followed 9 with
9 with 13 measurements
10 neurocognitive 11 and
11 and 12 neuroradiologic
11 and 13 measurements
14 , 15 followed
15 followed 16 by
15 followed 17 neuropathologic
19 at 21 university
20 the 21 university
21 university 22 of
22 of 23 kentucky

finally , we discuss factors that are hypothesized [to] [cause] or modify the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 5 factors
5 factors 6 that
5 factors 7 are
6 that 7 are
7 are 11 or
8 hypothesized 11 or
11 or 12 modify
12 modify 14 disease
13 the 14 disease

we conclude that the published literature on hs [-] aging provides strong evidence of an important [and] [under] - [appreciated] brain disease of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 6 literature
3 that 11 provides
4 the 6 literature
5 published 6 literature
6 literature 7 on
6 literature 11 provides
7 on 8 hs
8 hs 10 aging
11 provides 13 evidence
12 strong 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 of
13 evidence 23 of
14 of 22 disease
15 an 16 important
15 an 22 disease
16 important 19 -
16 important 21 brain
21 brain 22 disease
23 of 24 aging

unfortunately , there is no therapy or preventive strategy currently available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 or
5 no 6 therapy
6 therapy 7 or
7 or 9 strategy
8 preventive 9 strategy
9 strategy 11 available
10 currently 11 available

human motor activity has a robust , intrinsic fractal structure with similar patterns from minutes to hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 human 2 motor
2 motor 3 activity
3 activity 4 has
4 has 10 structure
4 has 11 with
4 has 16 to
5 a 6 robust
5 a 10 structure
6 robust 7 ,
6 robust 10 structure
8 intrinsic 10 structure
9 fractal 10 structure
11 with 13 patterns
12 similar 13 patterns
13 patterns 14 from
14 from 15 minutes
16 to 17 hours

the fractal activity patterns appear to be physiologically important because the patterns persist under different environmental conditions but [are] significantly altered/reduced with aging and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 patterns
2 fractal 3 activity
3 activity 4 patterns
4 patterns 18 but
5 appear 6 to
5 appear 18 but
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 physiologically
7 be 9 important
9 important 10 because
9 important 14 under
10 because 12 patterns
10 because 13 persist
11 the 12 patterns
12 patterns 13 persist
14 under 17 conditions
15 different 17 conditions
16 environmental 17 conditions
18 but 21 altered/reduced
20 significantly 21 altered/reduced
21 altered/reduced 22 with
22 with 23 aging
24 and 25 alzheimer
24 and 26 's
25 alzheimer 26 's
26 's 27 disease
27 disease 29 ad
28 ( 29 ad
29 ad 30 )

here , we report that dementia patients , known to have disrupted circadian rhythmicity , also have disrupted fractal activity patterns and that the disruption is more pronounced in patients with more amyloid plaques ( a marker of ad severity ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 7 patients
4 report 17 have
5 that 6 dementia
6 dementia 7 patients
7 patients 9 known
7 patients 17 have
8 , 9 known
9 known 10 to
9 known 15 ,
10 to 11 have
11 have 12 disrupted
12 disrupted 14 rhythmicity
13 circadian 14 rhythmicity
16 also 17 have
17 have 22 and
17 have 28 pronounced
18 disrupted 20 activity
19 fractal 20 activity
20 activity 21 patterns
21 patterns 22 and
22 and 23 that
22 and 25 disruption
22 and 26 is
24 the 25 disruption
25 disruption 26 is
26 is 27 more
28 pronounced 29 in
29 in 30 patients
30 patients 31 with
31 with 34 plaques
32 more 34 plaques
33 amyloid 34 plaques
34 plaques 37 marker
35 ( 37 marker
36 a 37 marker
37 marker 38 of
37 marker 41 )
38 of 40 severity
39 ad 40 severity

moreover , the degree of fractal activity disruption is strongly associated with vasopressinergic and neurotensinergic neurons ( two major circadian neurotransmitters ) in postmortem suprachiasmatic nucleus ( scn ) , and can better predict changes of the two neurotransmitters than traditional circadian measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 disruption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 8 disruption
3 the 4 degree
4 degree 5 of
4 degree 8 disruption
5 of 8 disruption
6 fractal 8 disruption
7 activity 8 disruption
8 disruption 31 and
9 is 11 associated
9 is 31 and
10 strongly 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 16 neurons
12 with 23 in
13 vasopressinergic 14 and
14 and 15 neurotensinergic
14 and 16 neurons
16 neurons 21 neurotransmitters
17 ( 21 neurotransmitters
18 two 21 neurotransmitters
19 major 21 neurotransmitters
20 circadian 21 neurotransmitters
21 neurotransmitters 22 )
23 in 26 nucleus
24 postmortem 26 nucleus
25 suprachiasmatic 26 nucleus
26 nucleus 28 scn
27 ( 28 scn
28 scn 29 )
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 can
31 and 40 than
31 and 43 measures
32 can 34 predict
33 better 34 predict
34 predict 35 changes
35 changes 36 of
36 of 39 neurotransmitters
37 the 38 two
38 two 39 neurotransmitters
41 traditional 43 measures
42 circadian 43 measures

these findings suggest that the scn impacts human activity regulation at multiple time scales and that disrupted fractal activity may serve as a [non] [-] invasive biomarker of scn neurodegeneration in dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 scn
4 that 7 impacts
5 the 6 scn
6 scn 7 impacts
7 impacts 10 regulation
7 impacts 11 at
8 human 10 regulation
9 activity 10 regulation
11 at 14 scales
12 multiple 14 scales
13 time 14 scales
15 and 19 activity
15 and 21 serve
16 that 17 disrupted
17 disrupted 19 activity
18 fractal 19 activity
19 activity 20 may
20 may 21 serve
21 serve 22 as
22 as 27 biomarker
23 a 27 biomarker
26 invasive 27 biomarker
27 biomarker 28 of
27 biomarker 31 in
28 of 30 neurodegeneration
29 scn 30 neurodegeneration
31 in 32 dementia

[none] altered concentrations of amyloid - β ( aβ ) peptide [and] tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) are thought to be predictive markers for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 altered 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 of
3 concentrations 22 are
4 of 5 amyloid
5 amyloid 14 protein
6 - 14 protein
7 β 9 aβ
7 β 11 peptide
8 ( 9 aβ
9 aβ 10 )
11 peptide 14 protein
13 tau 14 protein
14 protein 15 in
14 protein 21 )
15 in 18 fluid
16 the 18 fluid
17 cerebrospinal 18 fluid
18 fluid 20 csf
19 ( 20 csf
20 csf 21 )
22 are 23 thought
23 thought 24 to
24 to 25 be
25 be 27 markers
26 predictive 27 markers
27 markers 28 for
28 for 31 disease
29 alzheimer 30 's
30 's 31 disease
31 disease 33 ad
32 ( 33 ad
33 ad 34 )

transgenic mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein ( app ) have been used to model aβ pathology , but concomitant changes in aβ and tau in csf have been less well studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 transgenic 2 mice
2 mice 3 overexpressing
2 mice 9 app
2 mice 11 have
3 overexpressing 7 protein
4 human 7 protein
5 amyloid 6 precursor
6 precursor 7 protein
8 ( 9 app
9 app 10 )
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 used
13 used 14 to
14 to 15 model
15 model 17 pathology
16 aβ 17 pathology
18 , 19 but
19 but 21 changes
19 but 29 been
20 concomitant 21 changes
21 changes 22 in
21 changes 26 in
21 changes 28 have
22 in 24 and
23 aβ 24 and
24 and 25 tau
26 in 27 csf
28 have 29 been
29 been 31 well
30 less 31 well
31 well 32 studied

we measured aβ and tau in the brains and csf of two well - characterized transgenic mouse models of ad : one expressing human app carrying the swedish mutation ( app23 ) and the other expressing mutant human app and mutant human presenilin - 1 ( appps1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 5 tau
2 measured 6 in
2 measured 13 well
3 aβ 4 and
4 and 5 tau
6 in 9 and
7 the 8 brains
8 brains 9 and
9 and 10 csf
9 and 11 of
11 of 12 two
14 - 18 models
14 - 21 :
15 characterized 17 mouse
16 transgenic 17 mouse
17 mouse 18 models
18 models 19 of
19 of 20 ad
21 : 33 and
22 one 25 app
23 expressing 24 human
24 human 25 app
25 app 26 carrying
25 app 33 and
26 carrying 29 mutation
27 the 29 mutation
28 swedish 29 mutation
29 mutation 31 app23
30 ( 31 app23
31 app23 32 )
33 and 35 other
33 and 36 expressing
33 and 45 1
34 the 35 other
36 expressing 40 and
37 mutant 39 app
38 human 39 app
39 app 40 and
40 and 43 presenilin
41 mutant 43 presenilin
42 human 43 presenilin
44 - 45 1
45 1 47 appps1
45 1 48 )
46 ( 47 appps1
47 appps1 48 )

both mouse models exhibit aβ deposition in the brain , but with different onset [and] progression trajectories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 both 3 models
2 mouse 3 models
3 models 4 exhibit
4 exhibit 6 deposition
5 aβ 6 deposition
6 deposition 11 but
7 in 9 brain
7 in 11 but
8 the 9 brain
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 with
12 with 17 trajectories
13 different 14 onset
14 onset 17 trajectories
16 progression 17 trajectories

we found an age - related 50 to 80 % decrease in aβ42 [peptide] in mouse csf and a smaller decrease in aβ40 , both inversely correlated with the brain aβ load . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 age
3 an 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 11 decrease
6 related 15 in
6 related 24 ,
7 50 8 to
8 to 9 80
8 to 10 %
10 % 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 in
12 in 13 aβ42
15 in 18 and
16 mouse 17 csf
17 csf 18 and
18 and 21 decrease
18 and 22 in
19 a 21 decrease
20 smaller 21 decrease
22 in 23 aβ40
24 , 25 both
24 , 27 correlated
25 both 27 correlated
26 inversely 27 correlated
27 correlated 28 with
28 with 32 load
29 the 32 load
30 brain 32 load
31 aβ 32 load

surprisingly , the same mice showed a threefold increase in total endogenous murine tau in csf at the stages when aβ pathology became prominent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 surprisingly 2 ,
1 surprisingly 5 mice
3 the 4 same
4 same 5 mice
5 mice 6 showed
6 showed 9 increase
6 showed 14 tau
6 showed 15 in
7 a 9 increase
8 threefold 9 increase
9 increase 10 in
10 in 13 murine
11 total 13 murine
12 endogenous 13 murine
15 in 16 csf
16 csf 17 at
17 at 19 stages
18 the 19 stages
19 stages 20 when
20 when 22 pathology
20 when 23 became
21 aβ 22 pathology
22 pathology 23 became
23 became 24 prominent

the results mirror the temporal sequence and magnitude of aβ and tau changes in the csf of patients with sporadic and dominantly inherited ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mirror
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 mirror
3 mirror 6 sequence
4 the 6 sequence
5 temporal 6 sequence
7 and 8 magnitude
7 and 13 changes
8 magnitude 9 of
8 magnitude 13 changes
9 of 11 and
10 aβ 11 and
11 and 12 tau
13 changes 14 in
13 changes 19 with
14 in 16 csf
15 the 16 csf
16 csf 17 of
17 of 18 patients
19 with 21 and
20 sporadic 21 and
21 and 24 ad
22 dominantly 23 inherited
23 inherited 24 ad

this observation indicates that app transgenic mice may be useful as a translational tool for predicting changes in aβ and tau markers in the csf of ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 observation
2 observation 3 indicates
3 indicates 5 app
4 that 5 app
5 app 7 mice
5 app 17 changes
6 transgenic 7 mice
7 mice 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 10 useful
10 useful 11 as
10 useful 15 for
11 as 14 tool
12 a 13 translational
12 a 14 tool
13 translational 14 tool
15 for 16 predicting
16 predicting 17 changes
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 22 markers
17 changes 23 in
18 in 21 tau
19 aβ 20 and
20 and 21 tau
23 in 25 csf
24 the 25 csf
25 csf 26 of
26 of 28 patients
27 ad 28 patients

these findings also suggest that app transgenic mouse models may be useful in the search for new disease markers for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 4 suggest
3 also 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 9 models
5 that 11 be
6 app 9 models
7 transgenic 8 mouse
8 mouse 9 models
9 models 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 useful
12 useful 13 in
13 in 15 search
14 the 15 search
15 search 16 for
16 for 19 markers
17 new 18 disease
18 disease 19 markers
19 markers 20 for
20 for 21 ad

prohibitins are highly conserved proteins mainly implicated in the maintenance of mitochondrial function [and] architecture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prohibitins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 prohibitins 2 are
2 are 5 proteins
3 highly 4 conserved
4 conserved 5 proteins
5 proteins 7 implicated
5 proteins 11 of
6 mainly 7 implicated
7 implicated 8 in
8 in 10 maintenance
9 the 10 maintenance
11 of 15 architecture
12 mitochondrial 13 function
13 function 15 architecture

their dysfunctions are associated with aging , cancer , obesity , and inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunctions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 their 2 dysfunctions
2 dysfunctions 3 are
3 are 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 6 aging
7 , 12 and
8 cancer 9 ,
9 , 10 obesity
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 inflammation

however , their possible role in pancreatic β - cells remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 role
3 their 5 role
4 possible 5 role
5 role 6 in
5 role 11 remains
6 in 10 cells
7 pancreatic 10 cells
8 β 9 -
8 β 10 cells
11 remains 12 unknown

the current study documents the expression of prohibitins in human and rodent islets and their key role for β - cell function and survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 documents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 documents
4 documents 6 expression
4 documents 9 in
5 the 6 expression
6 expression 7 of
7 of 8 prohibitins
9 in 23 and
10 human 11 and
11 and 22 function
11 and 23 and
12 rodent 22 function
13 islets 14 and
14 and 17 role
14 and 20 -
14 and 22 function
15 their 17 role
16 key 17 role
17 role 18 for
18 for 19 β
21 cell 22 function
23 and 24 survival

ablation of phb2 in mouse β - cells sequentially resulted in impairment of mitochondrial function [and] insulin secretion , loss of β - cells , progressive alteration of glucose homeostasis , and , ultimately , severe diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ablation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 ablation 2 of
1 ablation 4 in
1 ablation 10 resulted
2 of 3 phb2
4 in 8 cells
5 mouse 8 cells
6 β 7 -
6 β 8 cells
9 sequentially 10 resulted
10 resulted 11 in
11 in 12 impairment
12 impairment 13 of
12 impairment 20 loss
13 of 18 secretion
14 mitochondrial 15 function
15 function 18 secretion
17 insulin 18 secretion
19 , 20 loss
20 loss 21 of
20 loss 23 -
21 of 22 β
23 - 24 cells
23 - 25 ,
23 - 38 .
25 , 32 and
26 progressive 27 alteration
27 alteration 28 of
27 alteration 32 and
28 of 30 homeostasis
29 glucose 30 homeostasis
31 , 32 and
32 and 37 diabetes
33 , 34 ultimately
34 ultimately 35 ,
34 ultimately 36 severe
36 severe 37 diabetes

remarkably , these events progressed over a 3 [-] week period of time after weaning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 progressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 4 events
3 these 4 events
4 events 5 progressed
5 progressed 6 over
5 progressed 14 after
6 over 11 period
7 a 11 period
8 3 10 week
10 week 11 period
11 period 12 of
12 of 13 time
14 after 15 weaning

defective insulin supply in β - phb2 [(] - [/] [-] ) mice was contributed by both β - cell dysfunction and apoptosis , temporarily compensated by increased β - cell proliferation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
1 defective 3 supply
2 insulin 3 supply
3 supply 4 in
3 supply 14 was
4 in 13 mice
5 β 7 phb2
5 β 12 )
5 β 13 mice
6 - 7 phb2
7 phb2 9 -
14 was 15 contributed
15 contributed 16 by
16 by 22 and
17 both 22 and
18 β 19 -
18 β 20 cell
20 cell 21 dysfunction
21 dysfunction 22 and
22 and 23 apoptosis
22 and 26 compensated
24 , 26 compensated
25 temporarily 26 compensated
26 compensated 27 by
26 compensated 30 -
27 by 29 β
28 increased 29 β
30 - 32 proliferation
30 - 33 .
31 cell 32 proliferation

at the molecular level , we observed that deletion of phb2 caused mitochondrial abnormalities , including reduction of mitochondrial dna copy number and respiratory chain complex iv levels , altered mitochondrial activity , cleavage [of] l - optic atrophy 1 , and mitochondrial fragmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 including
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 at 4 level
1 at 16 including
2 the 4 level
3 molecular 4 level
4 level 12 caused
5 , 12 caused
6 we 7 observed
7 observed 8 that
8 that 9 deletion
8 that 12 caused
9 deletion 10 of
9 deletion 12 caused
10 of 11 phb2
12 caused 14 abnormalities
12 caused 15 ,
13 mitochondrial 14 abnormalities
16 including 17 reduction
16 including 29 ,
17 reduction 18 of
18 of 20 dna
19 mitochondrial 20 dna
20 dna 23 and
20 dna 26 complex
21 copy 22 number
22 number 23 and
23 and 25 chain
23 and 26 complex
24 respiratory 25 chain
26 complex 27 iv
28 levels 29 ,
29 , 30 altered
29 , 32 activity
31 mitochondrial 32 activity
32 activity 34 cleavage
33 , 34 cleavage
34 cleavage 36 l
34 cleavage 37 -
37 - 42 and
38 optic 39 atrophy
39 atrophy 40 1
39 atrophy 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 fragmentation
43 mitochondrial 44 fragmentation

overall , our data demonstrate that phb2 is essential for metabolic activation of mitochondria [and] , as a consequence , for function [and] survival of β - cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 6 that
6 that 7 phb2
6 that 8 is
7 phb2 8 is
8 is 9 essential
9 essential 10 for
9 essential 17 as
9 essential 21 for
10 for 12 activation
11 metabolic 12 activation
12 activation 13 of
13 of 14 mitochondria
16 , 17 as
17 as 19 consequence
17 as 20 ,
18 a 19 consequence
21 for 24 survival
22 function 24 survival
24 survival 25 of
25 of 28 cells
26 β 27 -
26 β 28 cells

[in] the first 50 years of cell culture , the development of new cell lines was mainly based on trial and error . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 the 3 first
2 the 4 50
4 50 5 years
5 years 11 development
5 years 18 based
5 years 21 and
6 of 8 culture
6 of 9 ,
6 of 11 development
7 cell 8 culture
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 of
11 development 16 was
12 of 15 lines
13 new 14 cell
14 cell 15 lines
16 was 18 based
17 mainly 18 based
18 based 20 trial
19 on 20 trial
21 and 22 error

due to the understanding of the molecular networks of aging , senescence , proliferation , and adaption by mutation , the generation of new cell lines with physiologic properties has become more systematic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 generation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 16 and
2 to 22 generation
3 the 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
4 understanding 9 of
4 understanding 11 ,
5 of 8 networks
6 the 8 networks
7 molecular 8 networks
9 of 10 aging
11 , 12 senescence
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 proliferation
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 adaption
18 by 19 mutation
18 by 20 ,
18 by 22 generation
21 the 22 generation
22 generation 23 of
22 generation 27 with
22 generation 30 has
23 of 26 lines
24 new 25 cell
25 cell 26 lines
27 with 29 properties
28 physiologic 29 properties
30 has 31 become
31 become 33 systematic
32 more 33 systematic

this [endeavor] has been supported by the availability of new technological achievements and increasing knowledge about the biology of cell differentiation and cell - cell communication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 this 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 supported
5 supported 6 by
5 supported 16 about
6 by 8 availability
7 the 8 availability
8 availability 9 of
9 of 13 and
10 new 12 achievements
11 technological 12 achievements
12 achievements 13 and
13 and 15 knowledge
14 increasing 15 knowledge
16 about 22 and
17 the 18 biology
18 biology 19 of
18 biology 22 and
19 of 21 differentiation
20 cell 21 differentiation
22 and 23 cell
24 - 26 communication
24 - 27 .
25 cell 26 communication

here , we review some promising developments that are contributing toward this goal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 7 developments
4 review 11 toward
5 some 7 developments
6 promising 7 developments
7 developments 8 that
7 developments 9 are
8 that 9 are
9 are 10 contributing
11 toward 13 goal
12 this 13 goal

these include molecular tools frequently used for the immortalization process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 4 tools
3 molecular 4 tools
4 tools 6 used
5 frequently 6 used
6 used 7 for
7 for 10 process
8 the 10 process
9 immortalization 10 process

in addition to these [broadly] acting immortalization regimens , we focus on the developments of cell type [-] specific immortalization and on the methodologies of how to control the growth of newly established cell lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 we
2 addition 3 to
3 to 8 regimens
4 these 8 regimens
6 acting 7 immortalization
7 immortalization 8 regimens
10 we 11 focus
11 focus 21 and
12 on 14 developments
12 on 21 and
13 the 14 developments
14 developments 15 of
15 of 20 immortalization
16 cell 17 type
17 type 20 immortalization
19 specific 20 immortalization
21 and 22 on
22 on 24 methodologies
23 the 24 methodologies
24 methodologies 25 of
25 of 26 how
26 how 27 to
26 how 28 control
27 to 28 control
28 control 30 growth
29 the 30 growth
30 growth 31 of
31 of 35 lines
32 newly 33 established
33 established 34 cell
34 cell 35 lines

as the molecular revolution continues to inform a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and pathways , there exist unprecedented opportunities for translating discoveries at the bench into novel therapies for improving human health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 as 3 molecular
1 as 4 revolution
2 the 3 molecular
4 revolution 5 continues
5 continues 6 to
5 continues 7 inform
6 to 7 inform
7 inform 10 understanding
8 a 10 understanding
9 deeper 10 understanding
10 understanding 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 disease 13 mechanisms
13 mechanisms 14 and
14 and 15 pathways
16 , 17 there
16 , 18 exist
17 there 18 exist
18 exist 20 opportunities
19 unprecedented 20 opportunities
20 opportunities 21 for
21 for 22 translating
22 translating 23 discoveries
22 translating 24 at
22 translating 27 into
24 at 26 bench
25 the 26 bench
27 into 29 therapies
28 novel 29 therapies
29 therapies 30 for
30 for 31 improving
31 improving 33 health
32 human 33 health

despite the availability of several different classes of antihypertensive medications , only about half of the 67 million americans [with] [hypertension] manage their blood pressure appropriately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 manage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 despite 3 availability
1 despite 11 ,
1 despite 12 only
2 the 3 availability
3 availability 4 of
4 of 7 classes
5 several 7 classes
6 different 7 classes
7 classes 8 of
8 of 10 medications
9 antihypertensive 10 medications
12 only 14 half
13 about 14 half
14 half 15 of
14 half 22 manage
15 of 19 americans
16 the 18 million
17 67 18 million
18 million 19 americans
22 manage 25 pressure
22 manage 26 appropriately
23 their 25 pressure
24 blood 25 pressure

a broader selection of structurally diverse antihypertensive drugs acting through different mechanisms would provide clinicians with greater flexibility in developing effective treatment regimens for an increasingly diverse [and] aging patient population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 3 selection
2 broader 3 selection
3 selection 4 of
3 selection 13 would
4 of 8 drugs
5 structurally 6 diverse
6 diverse 8 drugs
7 antihypertensive 8 drugs
8 drugs 9 acting
8 drugs 10 through
10 through 12 mechanisms
11 different 12 mechanisms
13 would 14 provide
14 provide 15 clinicians
15 clinicians 16 with
15 clinicians 19 in
15 clinicians 24 for
16 with 18 flexibility
17 greater 18 flexibility
19 in 20 developing
20 developing 23 regimens
21 effective 22 treatment
22 treatment 23 regimens
24 for 31 population
25 an 31 population
26 increasingly 27 diverse
27 diverse 31 population
29 aging 31 population
30 patient 31 population

an emerging body of physiological , genetic , and pharmacological evidence has implicated several renal ion [-] transport proteins , or regulators thereof , as novel , yet clinically unexploited [,] diuretic targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 implicated
1 an 3 body
2 emerging 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 12 has
4 of 11 evidence
5 physiological 6 ,
6 , 7 genetic
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 pharmacological
9 and 11 evidence
12 has 13 implicated
13 implicated 21 or
13 implicated 23 thereof
13 implicated 25 as
14 several 19 proteins
15 renal 19 proteins
16 ion 18 transport
18 transport 19 proteins
19 proteins 21 or
20 , 21 or
21 or 22 regulators
24 , 25 as
25 as 33 targets
25 as 34 .
26 novel 27 ,
26 novel 33 targets
28 yet 30 unexploited
29 clinically 30 unexploited
30 unexploited 33 targets
32 diuretic 33 targets

these include the renal outer medullary potassium channel , romk ( kir1.1 ) , kir4.1/5.1 potassium channels , clc - ka/b chloride channels , uta/b urea transporters , the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin , and the ste20/sps1 - related proline/alanine - rich kinase ( spak ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 34 and
3 the 8 channel
4 renal 7 potassium
5 outer 7 potassium
6 medullary 7 potassium
7 potassium 8 channel
8 channel 9 ,
9 , 10 romk
9 , 14 ,
10 romk 12 kir1.1
11 ( 12 kir1.1
12 kir1.1 13 )
14 , 17 channels
14 , 18 ,
15 kir4.1/5.1 16 potassium
16 potassium 17 channels
18 , 19 clc
18 , 34 and
19 clc 21 ka/b
20 - 21 ka/b
21 ka/b 22 chloride
21 ka/b 23 channels
21 ka/b 27 transporters
21 ka/b 32 pendrin
21 ka/b 33 ,
22 chloride 23 channels
24 , 27 transporters
25 uta/b 26 urea
26 urea 27 transporters
27 transporters 28 ,
28 , 32 pendrin
29 the 32 pendrin
30 chloride/bicarbonate 32 pendrin
31 exchanger 32 pendrin
32 pendrin 33 ,
34 and 42 kinase
34 and 44 spak
35 the 42 kinase
36 ste20/sps1 39 proline/alanine
36 ste20/sps1 42 kinase
37 - 39 proline/alanine
38 related 39 proline/alanine
39 proline/alanine 40 -
41 rich 42 kinase
43 ( 44 spak
44 spak 45 )

the molecular pharmacology of these putative targets is poorly developed [or] lacking altogether ; however , recent efforts by a few academic and pharmaceutical laboratories have begun to lessen this critical barrier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pharmacology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 pharmacology
2 molecular 3 pharmacology
3 pharmacology 4 of
3 pharmacology 8 is
4 of 7 targets
5 these 7 targets
6 putative 7 targets
8 is 10 developed
9 poorly 10 developed
10 developed 12 lacking
12 lacking 13 altogether
14 ; 18 efforts
14 ; 27 begun
15 however 16 ,
15 however 18 efforts
17 recent 18 efforts
18 efforts 19 by
18 efforts 26 have
19 by 25 laboratories
20 a 21 few
21 few 25 laboratories
22 academic 23 and
23 and 24 pharmaceutical
23 and 25 laboratories
26 have 27 begun
27 begun 28 to
27 begun 29 lessen
28 to 29 lessen
29 lessen 32 barrier
30 this 32 barrier
31 critical 32 barrier

here , we review the evidence in support of the aforementioned proteins as novel diuretic targets and highlight examples where progress toward developing small - molecule pharmacology has been made . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 17 and
4 review 6 evidence
4 review 7 in
4 review 17 and
5 the 6 evidence
7 in 8 support
8 support 9 of
9 of 12 proteins
10 the 12 proteins
11 aforementioned 12 proteins
12 proteins 13 as
13 as 16 targets
14 novel 16 targets
15 diuretic 16 targets
17 and 18 highlight
18 highlight 19 examples
18 highlight 20 where
20 where 21 progress
20 where 30 made
21 progress 22 toward
21 progress 28 has
22 toward 23 developing
23 developing 27 pharmacology
24 small 25 -
24 small 26 molecule
26 molecule 27 pharmacology
28 has 29 been
29 been 30 made

autophagy is a catabolic pathway in which the cell sequesters cytoplasmic material , including long - [lived] proteins , lipids and organelles , in specialized double - membrane vesicles , called autophagosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 autophagy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 autophagy 2 is
2 is 5 pathway
3 a 4 catabolic
3 a 5 pathway
4 catabolic 5 pathway
5 pathway 6 in
6 in 7 which
6 in 9 cell
6 in 10 sequesters
8 the 9 cell
9 cell 10 sequesters
10 sequesters 12 material
11 cytoplasmic 12 material
12 material 14 including
13 , 14 including
14 including 18 proteins
14 including 19 ,
15 long 16 -
15 long 18 proteins
19 , 21 and
20 lipids 21 and
21 and 22 organelles
21 and 23 ,
21 and 24 in
24 in 30 ,
25 specialized 29 vesicles
25 specialized 30 ,
26 double 27 -
26 double 29 vesicles
28 membrane 29 vesicles
30 , 31 called
31 called 32 autophagosomes

subsequently , autophagosomes communicate with the lysosomal compartment and acquire acidic hydrolases for final cargo degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 autophagosomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 3 autophagosomes
3 autophagosomes 9 and
4 communicate 5 with
4 communicate 9 and
5 with 8 compartment
6 the 8 compartment
7 lysosomal 8 compartment
9 and 10 acquire
9 and 16 degradation
10 acquire 12 hydrolases
11 acidic 12 hydrolases
12 hydrolases 13 for
13 for 15 cargo
14 final 15 cargo

this process of partial [self] - eating secures the survival of eukaryotic cells during starvation periods and is critically regulated by mtorc1 ( mammalian target [of] rapamycin complex 1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 process
2 process 3 of
2 process 17 and
3 of 7 eating
4 partial 6 -
4 partial 7 eating
8 secures 10 survival
8 secures 14 during
8 secures 17 and
9 the 10 survival
10 survival 11 of
11 of 13 cells
12 eukaryotic 13 cells
14 during 16 periods
15 starvation 16 periods
17 and 18 is
18 is 20 regulated
19 critically 20 regulated
20 regulated 21 by
21 by 22 mtorc1
22 mtorc1 28 complex
23 ( 28 complex
24 mammalian 25 target
25 target 28 complex
27 rapamycin 28 complex
28 complex 29 1
28 complex 30 )

under nutrient - poor conditions , inhibited mtorc1 permits localized ptdins ( 3 [ ] production at particular membranes that contribute to autophagosome formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 permits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 localized
1 under 5 conditions
1 under 6 ,
1 under 9 permits
2 nutrient 3 -
2 nutrient 5 conditions
4 poor 5 conditions
7 inhibited 9 permits
8 mtorc1 9 permits
9 permits 10 localized
10 localized 11 ptdins
11 ptdins 15 ]
12 ( 15 ]
13 3 15 ]
15 ] 16 production
15 ] 24 formation
16 production 18 particular
17 at 18 particular
18 particular 19 membranes
18 particular 20 that
19 membranes 20 that
20 that 21 contribute
21 contribute 23 autophagosome
22 to 23 autophagosome

members of the human wipi ( wd - repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides ) family fulfil an essential role as ptdins ( 3 [ ] effectors at the initiation step of autophagosome formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 fulfil
1 members 2 of
1 members 16 fulfil
2 of 15 family
3 the 15 family
4 human 15 family
5 wipi 7 wd
5 wipi 15 family
6 ( 7 wd
7 wd 10 protein
7 wd 14 )
8 - 10 protein
9 repeat 10 protein
10 protein 11 interacting
10 protein 14 )
11 interacting 12 with
12 with 13 phosphoinositides
16 fulfil 19 role
16 fulfil 20 as
17 an 18 essential
17 an 19 role
18 essential 19 role
20 as 21 ptdins
21 ptdins 25 ]
22 ( 25 ]
23 3 25 ]
25 ] 26 effectors
25 ] 30 step
25 ] 33 formation
26 effectors 29 initiation
27 at 29 initiation
28 the 29 initiation
30 step 32 autophagosome
31 of 32 autophagosome

in the present article , we discuss the role of human wipis in autophagy , and the identification of evolutionarily conserved amino acids of wipi - 1 that confer ptdins ( 3 [ ] binding downstream of mtorc1 inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discuss
1 in 4 article
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 article
3 present 4 article
6 we 7 discuss
7 discuss 9 role
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 of
10 of 12 wipis
11 human 12 wipis
12 wipis 13 in
12 wipis 19 of
13 in 16 and
14 autophagy 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 identification
17 the 18 identification
19 of 23 acids
20 evolutionarily 21 conserved
21 conserved 23 acids
22 amino 23 acids
23 acids 24 of
24 of 25 wipi
25 wipi 27 1
26 - 27 1
27 1 28 that
27 1 29 confer
27 1 39 inhibition
28 that 29 confer
29 confer 30 ptdins
30 ptdins 32 3
31 ( 32 3
32 3 34 ]
32 3 35 binding
32 3 39 inhibition
35 binding 36 downstream
36 downstream 38 mtorc1
37 of 38 mtorc1

we also discuss the ptdins [(] 3 [ ] effector function of wipis in the context of longevity and autophagy - related human diseases , such as cancer and neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 we 3 discuss
2 also 3 discuss
3 discuss 10 effector
3 discuss 13 wipis
4 the 10 effector
5 ptdins 7 3
5 ptdins 10 effector
9 ] 10 effector
10 effector 11 function
11 function 12 of
13 wipis 18 longevity
14 in 15 the
15 the 16 context
15 the 18 longevity
16 context 17 of
18 longevity 19 and
20 autophagy 21 -
21 - 23 human
21 - 26 such
21 - 30 neurodegeneration
22 related 23 human
24 diseases 26 such
25 , 26 such
26 such 28 cancer
26 such 30 neurodegeneration
27 as 28 cancer
28 cancer 29 and

the mtor [ mammalian ( or mechanistic ) target of rapamycin ] protein kinase co [-] ordinates catabolic and anabolic processes in response to growth factors and nutrients and is a validated anticancer drug target . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 co
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 15 co
2 mtor 6 or
2 mtor 13 protein
3 [ 6 or
4 mammalian 6 or
5 ( 6 or
6 or 9 target
6 or 10 of
6 or 12 ]
7 mechanistic 8 )
7 mechanistic 9 target
10 of 11 rapamycin
13 protein 14 kinase
14 kinase 15 co
15 co 29 and
17 ordinates 21 processes
17 ordinates 24 to
17 ordinates 29 and
18 catabolic 19 and
19 and 20 anabolic
19 and 21 processes
22 in 23 response
23 response 24 to
24 to 27 and
25 growth 26 factors
26 factors 27 and
27 and 28 nutrients
29 and 30 is
30 is 35 target
31 a 35 target
32 validated 33 anticancer
33 anticancer 34 drug
34 drug 35 target

rapamycin and related allosteric inhibitors of mtorc1 ( mtor complex 1 ) have had some success in specific tumour types , but have not exhibited broad anticancer activity , prompting the development of new atp - competitive mtor kinase inhibitors that inhibit both mtorc1 and mtorc2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 rapamycin 2 and
2 and 5 inhibitors
2 and 6 of
2 and 22 but
3 related 5 inhibitors
4 allosteric 5 inhibitors
6 of 7 mtorc1
7 mtorc1 10 complex
8 ( 10 complex
9 mtor 10 complex
10 complex 11 1
10 complex 12 )
13 have 14 had
13 have 22 but
14 had 16 success
14 had 17 in
15 some 16 success
17 in 20 types
18 specific 19 tumour
19 tumour 20 types
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 have
23 have 24 not
23 have 25 exhibited
25 exhibited 28 activity
26 broad 28 activity
27 anticancer 28 activity
28 activity 30 prompting
29 , 30 prompting
30 prompting 32 development
30 prompting 36 -
31 the 32 development
32 development 33 of
33 of 35 atp
34 new 35 atp
36 - 40 inhibitors
37 competitive 39 kinase
38 mtor 39 kinase
39 kinase 40 inhibitors
40 inhibitors 41 that
40 inhibitors 42 inhibit
41 that 42 inhibit
42 inhibit 45 and
43 both 45 and
44 mtorc1 45 and
45 and 46 mtorc2

[in] common with other targeted kinase inhibitors , tumours are likely to adapt and acquire resistance to mtor inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tumours
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 common 3 with
2 common 8 ,
2 common 9 tumours
3 with 7 inhibitors
4 other 7 inhibitors
5 targeted 6 kinase
6 kinase 7 inhibitors
9 tumours 10 are
10 are 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 14 and
12 to 14 and
13 adapt 14 and
14 and 15 acquire
15 acquire 16 resistance
16 resistance 17 to
16 resistance 18 mtor
17 to 18 mtor
18 mtor 19 inhibitors

in the present article , we review studies that describe how tumour cells adapt to become resistant to mtor inhibitors . mtor is a central signalling hub which responds to an array of signalling inputs and activates a range of downstream effector pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 4 article
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 article
3 present 4 article
6 we 7 review
7 review 8 studies
7 review 18 to
8 studies 9 that
8 studies 10 describe
9 that 10 describe
10 describe 11 how
11 how 13 cells
11 how 14 adapt
12 tumour 13 cells
13 cells 14 adapt
14 adapt 15 to
15 to 16 become
16 become 17 resistant
18 to 20 inhibitors
19 mtor 20 inhibitors
21 . 22 mtor
21 . 23 is
22 mtor 23 is
23 is 27 hub
24 a 25 central
24 a 27 hub
25 central 27 hub
26 signalling 27 hub
27 hub 28 which
27 hub 36 and
28 which 36 and
29 responds 30 to
29 responds 36 and
30 to 32 array
31 an 32 array
32 array 33 of
33 of 34 signalling
34 signalling 35 inputs
36 and 37 activates
37 activates 39 range
38 a 39 range
39 range 40 of
40 of 43 pathways
41 downstream 43 pathways
42 effector 43 pathways

understanding how this signalling network is remodelled and which pathways are invoked to sustain survival and proliferation in the presence of mtor inhibitors can provide new insights into the importance of the various mtor effector pathways and may suggest targets for intervention to combine with mtor inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 combine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 understanding 2 how
1 understanding 6 is
3 this 5 network
4 signalling 5 network
5 network 6 is
6 is 7 remodelled
8 and 9 which
8 and 37 and
9 which 10 pathways
10 pathways 11 are
11 are 12 invoked
12 invoked 13 to
12 invoked 18 in
13 to 14 sustain
14 sustain 16 and
15 survival 16 and
16 and 17 proliferation
18 in 20 presence
19 the 20 presence
20 presence 21 of
21 of 22 mtor
23 inhibitors 37 and
24 can 25 provide
24 can 37 and
25 provide 27 insights
25 provide 28 into
26 new 27 insights
28 into 30 importance
29 the 30 importance
30 importance 31 of
31 of 36 pathways
32 the 36 pathways
33 various 34 mtor
34 mtor 35 effector
35 effector 36 pathways
37 and 38 may
37 and 41 for
37 and 43 to
38 may 39 suggest
39 suggest 40 targets
41 for 42 intervention
43 to 44 combine
44 combine 45 with
45 with 47 inhibitors
46 mtor 47 inhibitors

finally , since chronic mtor inhibition by rapamycin can increase lifespan and healthspan in nematodes , fruitflies and mice , we contrast these studies with tumour cell responses to mtor inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 mtor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 finally 21 we
2 , 3 since
3 since 6 inhibition
3 since 10 increase
3 since 20 ,
3 since 21 we
4 chronic 6 inhibition
5 mtor 6 inhibition
6 inhibition 7 by
6 inhibition 9 can
7 by 8 rapamycin
9 can 10 increase
10 increase 12 and
10 increase 14 in
11 lifespan 12 and
12 and 13 healthspan
14 in 18 and
15 nematodes 16 ,
16 , 17 fruitflies
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 mice
21 we 22 contrast
22 contrast 24 studies
22 contrast 25 with
22 contrast 29 to
23 these 24 studies
25 with 28 responses
26 tumour 28 responses
27 cell 28 responses
29 to 30 mtor
30 mtor 31 inhibition

unlabelled : hoarding disorder ( hd ) in late life is associated with increased risk for fire , falling , poor sanitary conditions , disability , and health risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 hoarding
2 : 12 associated
2 : 30 .
3 hoarding 4 disorder
3 hoarding 8 in
3 hoarding 11 is
4 disorder 6 hd
5 ( 6 hd
6 hd 7 )
8 in 10 life
9 late 10 life
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 27 and
14 increased 15 risk
15 risk 16 for
15 risk 27 and
16 for 17 fire
17 fire 19 falling
17 fire 23 conditions
18 , 19 falling
19 falling 20 ,
20 , 23 conditions
21 poor 23 conditions
22 sanitary 23 conditions
23 conditions 25 disability
23 conditions 26 ,
24 , 25 disability
25 disability 26 ,
27 and 29 risks
28 health 29 risks

however , research on the health status of individuals with hd is limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 research
3 research 4 on
3 research 12 is
4 on 7 status
5 the 7 status
6 health 7 status
7 status 8 of
8 of 9 individuals
9 individuals 10 with
10 with 11 hd
12 is 13 limited

hoarding symptoms and the resulting clutter may exacerbate health conditions and lead to improper management of medical illnesses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 hoarding 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 and
3 and 6 clutter
3 and 11 and
4 the 6 clutter
5 resulting 6 clutter
7 may 8 exacerbate
7 may 11 and
8 exacerbate 10 conditions
9 health 10 conditions
11 and 12 lead
12 lead 13 to
13 to 15 management
14 improper 15 management
15 management 16 of
16 of 18 illnesses
17 medical 18 illnesses

objective : the purpose of this study is to characterize the health status of older adults with hoarding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 7 study
4 purpose 18 hoarding
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 is
8 is 9 to
8 is 10 characterize
9 to 10 characterize
10 characterize 13 status
10 characterize 17 with
11 the 13 status
12 health 13 status
13 status 14 of
14 of 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 with 18 hoarding

the rates of medical conditions will be compared to a [non] [-] psychiatric peer group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 rates
2 rates 3 of
2 rates 6 will
3 of 5 conditions
4 medical 5 conditions
6 will 7 be
7 be 8 compared
8 compared 9 to
9 to 15 group
10 a 15 group
13 psychiatric 14 peer
14 peer 15 group

results : older adults with hd ( n = 72 ) reported significantly more health conditions compared to their [non] [-] psychiatric peers ( n = 25 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 12 reported
2 : 29 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 12 reported
5 with 6 hd
6 hd 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 72
9 = 11 )
12 reported 13 significantly
12 reported 16 conditions
12 reported 17 compared
14 more 16 conditions
15 health 16 conditions
16 conditions 17 compared
17 compared 18 to
18 to 23 peers
19 their 23 peers
22 psychiatric 23 peers
23 peers 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 25
26 = 28 )

hoarding severity significantly predicted the total number of medical conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hoarding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 hoarding 2 severity
1 hoarding 4 predicted
3 significantly 4 predicted
4 predicted 10 conditions
5 the 7 number
6 total 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 10 conditions
8 of 10 conditions
9 medical 10 conditions

further , the vast majority of hd patients reported at least one medical condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 8 patients
3 the 5 majority
4 vast 5 majority
5 majority 6 of
5 majority 8 patients
6 of 8 patients
7 hd 8 patients
8 patients 9 reported
9 reported 14 condition
10 at 11 least
11 least 12 one
12 one 14 condition
13 medical 14 condition

conclusion : this is alarming given that hoarding patients utilized health services less than typical for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
3 this 4 is
4 is 9 patients
5 alarming 9 patients
6 given 9 patients
7 that 8 hoarding
8 hoarding 9 patients
9 patients 10 utilized
9 patients 11 health
9 patients 12 services
9 patients 15 typical
11 health 12 services
12 services 13 less
12 services 14 than
15 typical 16 for
16 for 18 adults
17 older 18 adults

given the health status of older adults with hd , interventions should target the prevention and management of medical conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 target
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 given 4 status
1 given 8 with
1 given 10 ,
1 given 11 interventions
2 the 4 status
3 health 4 status
4 status 5 of
5 of 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 with 9 hd
11 interventions 12 should
12 should 13 target
13 target 16 and
14 the 15 prevention
15 prevention 16 and
16 and 17 management
16 and 18 of
18 of 20 conditions
19 medical 20 conditions

trans - resveratrol , a polyphenol extracted from vitis vinifera , has different beneficial effects following its administration on the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resveratrol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 trans 2 -
1 trans 3 resveratrol
3 resveratrol 6 polyphenol
3 resveratrol 12 has
4 , 6 polyphenol
5 a 6 polyphenol
6 polyphenol 7 extracted
6 polyphenol 11 ,
7 extracted 8 from
7 extracted 10 vinifera
8 from 9 vitis
12 has 15 effects
13 different 15 effects
14 beneficial 15 effects
15 effects 16 following
16 following 18 administration
16 following 19 on
17 its 18 administration
19 on 21 skin
20 the 21 skin

here the potential use of binary systems to enhance in vitro and in vivo activity of trans - resveratrol was investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 trans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 here 4 use
2 the 4 use
3 potential 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 17 trans
5 of 7 systems
6 binary 7 systems
7 systems 8 to
7 systems 16 of
8 to 9 enhance
9 enhance 12 and
9 enhance 15 activity
10 in 11 vitro
11 vitro 12 and
12 and 14 vivo
13 in 14 vivo
15 activity 16 of
18 - 19 resveratrol
18 - 21 investigated
18 - 22 .
19 resveratrol 20 was
20 was 21 investigated

thus the aqueous solubility [of] trans - resveratrol was investigated in the presence of growing concentrations of polyethylene glycol ( peg ) or β - cyclodextrin ( βcd ) as solubilizing excipients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 solubility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 trans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 thus 4 solubility
2 the 4 solubility
3 aqueous 4 solubility
4 solubility 6 trans
7 - 8 resveratrol
7 - 10 investigated
7 - 33 .
8 resveratrol 9 was
9 was 10 investigated
10 investigated 11 in
10 investigated 30 as
11 in 23 or
12 the 13 presence
13 presence 14 of
13 presence 23 or
14 of 15 growing
15 growing 16 concentrations
16 concentrations 17 of
16 concentrations 21 peg
17 of 19 glycol
18 polyethylene 19 glycol
20 ( 21 peg
21 peg 22 )
23 or 26 cyclodextrin
23 or 28 βcd
24 β 25 -
24 β 26 cyclodextrin
27 ( 28 βcd
28 βcd 29 )
30 as 32 excipients
31 solubilizing 32 excipients

then , the solid dispersion of trans - resveratrol with peg or inclusion complexes trans - resveratrol/βcd were prepared and characterised by different methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 dispersion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 then 2 ,
1 then 5 dispersion
3 the 5 dispersion
4 solid 5 dispersion
5 dispersion 6 of
5 dispersion 17 resveratrol/βcd
5 dispersion 18 were
5 dispersion 20 and
6 of 7 trans
7 trans 12 or
8 - 12 or
9 resveratrol 10 with
9 resveratrol 12 or
10 with 11 peg
12 or 15 trans
12 or 16 -
13 inclusion 15 trans
14 complexes 15 trans
17 resveratrol/βcd 18 were
19 prepared 20 and
20 and 21 characterised
20 and 22 by
22 by 24 methods
23 different 24 methods

cytotoxicity and inhibition of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) following h2o2 challenge [in] the presence of trans - resveratrol , alone or associated to the excipients , [was] evaluated [on] human keratinocyte hacat cell line . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 cytotoxicity 2 and
2 and 3 inhibition
2 and 4 of
2 and 11 following
2 and 23 or
4 of 7 species
5 reactive 6 oxygen
6 oxygen 7 species
7 species 9 ros
8 ( 9 ros
9 ros 10 )
11 following 12 h2o2
13 challenge 16 presence
13 challenge 22 alone
13 challenge 23 or
15 the 16 presence
16 presence 17 of
17 of 18 trans
18 trans 20 resveratrol
19 - 20 resveratrol
20 resveratrol 21 ,
23 or 24 associated
23 or 25 to
25 to 27 excipients
26 the 27 excipients
28 , 36 line
30 evaluated 32 human
32 human 33 keratinocyte
33 keratinocyte 35 cell
34 hacat 35 cell
35 cell 36 line

both the trans - resveratrol - containing binary systems induced significant reduction of h2o2 - induced ros production , especially in the case of βcd that was selected for the following phase of the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 both 2 the
1 both 3 trans
1 both 16 induced
2 the 3 trans
3 trans 5 resveratrol
3 trans 7 containing
4 - 5 resveratrol
5 resveratrol 6 -
6 - 7 containing
7 containing 12 reduction
7 containing 15 -
8 binary 9 systems
9 systems 10 induced
10 induced 12 reduction
11 significant 12 reduction
12 reduction 13 of
13 of 14 h2o2
16 induced 18 production
17 ros 18 production
19 , 26 that
19 , 28 selected
20 especially 26 that
21 in 23 case
21 in 26 that
22 the 23 case
23 case 24 of
24 of 25 βcd
26 that 27 was
27 was 28 selected
28 selected 29 for
29 for 32 phase
30 the 31 following
30 the 32 phase
32 phase 33 of
33 of 35 study
34 the 35 study

thus , the effect of a cream containing trans - resveratrol , alone [or] associated to βcd , on different skin parameters such as corneometry , colorimetry and elastometry , was evaluated on human volunteers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 19 on
4 effect 31 was
5 of 7 cream
6 a 7 cream
7 cream 8 containing
8 containing 9 trans
8 containing 15 associated
9 trans 11 resveratrol
10 - 11 resveratrol
11 resveratrol 12 ,
12 , 15 associated
13 alone 15 associated
15 associated 16 to
15 associated 18 ,
16 to 17 βcd
19 on 22 parameters
20 different 22 parameters
21 skin 22 parameters
22 parameters 24 as
22 parameters 28 and
23 such 24 as
24 as 25 corneometry
26 , 28 and
27 colorimetry 28 and
28 and 29 elastometry
28 and 30 ,
31 was 32 evaluated
32 evaluated 33 on
33 on 35 volunteers
34 human 35 volunteers

all patients showed a visible improvement of clinical conditions with a remarkable decrease of aging signs , but this effect was [higher] of the hemi face treated with the βcd - containing formulation versus formulation containing trans - resveratrol alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 showed
3 showed 6 improvement
3 showed 10 with
3 showed 16 signs
4 a 6 improvement
5 visible 6 improvement
6 improvement 7 of
7 of 9 conditions
8 clinical 9 conditions
10 with 13 decrease
11 a 12 remarkable
11 a 13 decrease
12 remarkable 13 decrease
13 decrease 14 of
14 of 15 aging
17 , 18 but
18 but 20 effect
18 but 21 was
19 this 20 effect
20 effect 21 was
21 was 23 of
23 of 26 face
24 the 26 face
25 hemi 26 face
26 face 27 treated
27 treated 28 with
27 treated 40 alone
28 with 39 resveratrol
29 the 39 resveratrol
30 βcd 33 formulation
30 βcd 38 -
30 βcd 39 resveratrol
31 - 33 formulation
32 containing 33 formulation
33 formulation 34 versus
33 formulation 36 containing
33 formulation 38 -
34 versus 35 formulation
36 containing 37 trans

telomeres are [specialized] structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that are important for maintaining genome stability and integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 telomeres 2 are
2 are 4 structures
2 are 5 at
2 are 14 for
5 at 7 ends
6 the 7 ends
7 ends 8 of
7 ends 11 that
7 ends 12 are
8 of 10 chromosomes
9 eukaryotic 10 chromosomes
11 that 12 are
12 are 13 important
14 for 15 maintaining
15 maintaining 18 and
16 genome 17 stability
17 stability 18 and
18 and 19 integrity

telomere dysfunction has been linked to aging and cancer development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 telomere 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 linked
5 linked 6 to
6 to 8 and
7 aging 8 and
8 and 10 development
9 cancer 10 development

in mammalian cells , extensive studies have been carried out to illustrate [how] core telomeric proteins [assemble] on telomeres to recruit the telomerase and additional factors for telomere maintenance and protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 3 cells
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 studies
2 mammalian 3 cells
5 extensive 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 carried
9 carried 10 out
9 carried 11 to
9 carried 18 on
9 carried 20 to
11 to 12 illustrate
12 illustrate 16 proteins
14 core 16 proteins
15 telomeric 16 proteins
18 on 19 telomeres
20 to 21 recruit
21 recruit 24 and
21 recruit 27 for
22 the 23 telomerase
23 telomerase 24 and
24 and 26 factors
25 additional 26 factors
27 for 30 and
28 telomere 29 maintenance
29 maintenance 30 and
30 and 31 protection

in comparison , [how] changes in growth signaling pathways impact telomeres and telomere - binding proteins remains largely unexplored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
5 changes 10 impact
6 in 7 growth
7 growth 8 signaling
8 signaling 9 pathways
10 impact 12 and
11 telomeres 12 and
12 and 13 telomere
14 - 15 binding
14 - 17 remains
14 - 20 .
15 binding 16 proteins
15 binding 17 remains
17 remains 19 unexplored
18 largely 19 unexplored

the [phosphatidylinositol] 3 - kinase ( pi3 - [k] )/akt ( also known as pkb ) pathway , one of the best characterized growth signaling cascades , regulates a variety of cellular function including cell proliferation , survival , metabolism , and dna repair , [and] dysregulation of pi3 - k/akt signaling has been linked to aging and diseases such as cancer and diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 )/akt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 also
1 the 3 3
3 3 5 kinase
3 3 10 )/akt
4 - 5 kinase
5 kinase 7 pi3
5 kinase 8 -
6 ( 7 pi3
7 pi3 8 -
11 ( 12 also
12 also 17 pathway
13 known 14 as
13 known 16 )
13 known 17 pathway
14 as 15 pkb
17 pathway 19 one
17 pathway 28 regulates
18 , 19 one
19 one 20 of
19 one 27 ,
20 of 24 growth
21 the 22 best
21 the 24 growth
23 characterized 24 growth
24 growth 25 signaling
25 signaling 26 cascades
28 regulates 30 variety
29 a 30 variety
30 variety 31 of
30 variety 34 including
31 of 33 function
32 cellular 33 function
34 including 42 and
35 cell 36 proliferation
36 proliferation 37 ,
37 , 38 survival
37 , 39 ,
39 , 40 metabolism
39 , 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 repair
42 and 50 -
43 dna 44 repair
45 , 50 -
47 dysregulation 48 of
47 dysregulation 50 -
48 of 49 pi3
50 - 51 k/akt
51 k/akt 52 signaling
51 k/akt 54 been
51 k/akt 55 linked
52 signaling 53 has
53 has 54 been
55 linked 56 to
56 to 63 and
57 aging 58 and
58 and 59 diseases
58 and 61 as
58 and 63 and
60 such 61 as
61 as 62 cancer
63 and 64 diabetes
63 and 65 .

in this study , we provide evidence that the akt signaling pathway plays an important role in telomere protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 provide
6 provide 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 that
8 that 12 pathway
8 that 13 plays
9 the 12 pathway
10 akt 12 pathway
11 signaling 12 pathway
12 pathway 13 plays
13 plays 16 role
13 plays 17 in
14 an 15 important
14 an 16 role
15 important 16 role
17 in 19 protection
18 telomere 19 protection

akt inhibition [either] by chemical inhibitors or small interfering rnas induced telomere dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 akt 2 inhibition
2 inhibition 4 by
2 inhibition 7 or
4 by 6 inhibitors
5 chemical 6 inhibitors
7 or 13 dysfunction
8 small 12 telomere
9 interfering 12 telomere
10 rnas 11 induced
11 induced 12 telomere
12 telomere 13 dysfunction

furthermore , we found that tpp1 could homodimerize through its ob [-] fold [,] a process that was dependent on the akt kinase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 6 tpp1
5 that 8 homodimerize
6 tpp1 7 could
7 could 8 homodimerize
8 homodimerize 9 through
8 homodimerize 16 process
9 through 13 fold
10 its 13 fold
11 ob 13 fold
15 a 16 process
16 process 17 that
16 process 18 was
17 that 18 was
18 was 19 dependent
19 dependent 20 on
20 on 23 kinase
21 the 23 kinase
22 akt 23 kinase

telomere damage and reduced tpp1 dimerization as a result of akt inhibition was also accompanied by diminished [recruitment] of tpp1 and pot1 to the telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 telomere 2 damage
2 damage 3 and
3 and 6 dimerization
3 and 17 diminished
3 and 19 of
4 reduced 6 dimerization
5 tpp1 6 dimerization
6 dimerization 7 as
7 as 9 result
8 a 9 result
9 result 10 of
10 of 11 akt
11 akt 12 inhibition
11 akt 16 by
12 inhibition 13 was
13 was 15 accompanied
14 also 15 accompanied
15 accompanied 16 by
19 of 22 pot1
20 tpp1 21 and
21 and 22 pot1
22 pot1 23 to
23 to 25 telomeres
24 the 25 telomeres

our findings highlight a previously unknown link between akt signaling and telomere protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 highlight
3 highlight 7 link
3 highlight 8 between
4 a 5 previously
4 a 7 link
5 previously 6 unknown
6 unknown 7 link
8 between 11 and
9 akt 10 signaling
9 akt 11 and
11 and 13 protection
12 telomere 13 protection

however , its biological effect on tau protein is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 effect
3 its 5 effect
4 biological 5 effect
5 effect 6 on
5 effect 9 is
6 on 8 protein
7 tau 8 protein
9 is 10 unknown

we investigated the effect of 12 [-] 15lo on tau levels and metabolism in vivo and in vitro and the mechanism involved by using genetic and pharmacologic approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 effect
2 investigated 16 and
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
5 of 8 15lo
6 12 8 15lo
8 15lo 9 on
9 on 12 and
10 tau 11 levels
11 levels 12 and
12 and 13 metabolism
14 in 15 vivo
15 vivo 16 and
16 and 18 vitro
17 in 18 vitro
19 and 21 mechanism
19 and 28 approaches
20 the 21 mechanism
21 mechanism 22 involved
21 mechanism 28 approaches
22 involved 23 by
23 by 24 using
24 using 26 and
25 genetic 26 and
26 and 27 pharmacologic

while no significant differences were observed in the levels of total tau for both groups , compared with controls , tg2576 mice overexpressing 12 - 15lo had elevated levels of phosphorylated tau at two specific epitopes , ser 202 / [202/thr] 205 and ser 396 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 15lo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 while 4 differences
1 while 6 observed
1 while 16 ,
1 while 26 15lo
2 no 4 differences
3 significant 4 differences
4 differences 5 were
5 were 6 observed
6 observed 7 in
7 in 9 levels
8 the 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 12 tau
11 total 12 tau
12 tau 13 for
13 for 15 groups
14 both 15 groups
16 , 17 compared
17 compared 18 with
17 compared 25 -
17 compared 26 15lo
18 with 19 controls
19 controls 22 mice
20 , 22 mice
21 tg2576 22 mice
22 mice 23 overexpressing
22 mice 25 -
23 overexpressing 24 12
26 15lo 27 had
27 had 28 elevated
28 elevated 29 levels
28 elevated 33 at
29 levels 30 of
30 of 32 tau
31 phosphorylated 32 tau
33 at 43 and
34 two 36 epitopes
35 specific 36 epitopes
36 epitopes 37 ,
37 , 40 /
37 , 43 and
38 ser 39 202
38 ser 40 /
40 / 42 205
43 and 44 ser
44 ser 45 396

in vitro [and] in vivo studies show that 12 - 15lo modulates tau metabolism specifically via the cdk5 kinase pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 6 studies
4 in 5 vivo
5 vivo 6 studies
6 studies 7 show
7 show 8 that
7 show 9 12
10 - 11 15lo
10 - 12 modulates
10 - 21 .
11 15lo 12 modulates
12 modulates 14 metabolism
12 modulates 15 specifically
12 modulates 16 via
13 tau 14 metabolism
16 via 20 pathway
17 the 20 pathway
18 cdk5 20 pathway
19 kinase 20 pathway

associated with these changes were biochemical markers of synaptic pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 associated 2 with
1 associated 5 were
2 with 4 changes
3 these 4 changes
5 were 7 markers
6 biochemical 7 markers
7 markers 8 of
8 of 10 pathology
9 synaptic 10 pathology

[finally] [,] 12 - 15lo - dependent alteration of tau metabolism was independent from an effect on aβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 12
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
3 12 4 -
4 - 5 15lo
6 - 8 alteration
6 - 12 was
6 - 19 .
7 dependent 8 alteration
8 alteration 9 of
8 alteration 12 was
9 of 11 metabolism
10 tau 11 metabolism
12 was 13 independent
13 independent 14 from
13 independent 17 on
14 from 16 effect
15 an 16 effect
17 on 18 aβ

our findings reveal a novel pathway by [which] 12 - 15lo modulates endogenous tau metabolism making this protein an appealing pharmacologic target for treatment of ad and related tauopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 reveal
3 reveal 6 pathway
4 a 6 pathway
5 novel 6 pathway
6 pathway 7 by
7 by 9 12
10 - 11 15lo
10 - 27 and
11 15lo 27 and
12 modulates 15 metabolism
12 modulates 23 for
12 modulates 27 and
13 endogenous 14 tau
14 tau 15 metabolism
15 metabolism 16 making
16 making 18 protein
16 making 22 target
17 this 18 protein
19 an 22 target
20 appealing 22 target
21 pharmacologic 22 target
23 for 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 of
25 of 26 ad
27 and 28 related
28 related 29 tauopathies

we explored knowledge , attitudes , and practices associated with the menopause transition particular to women in the multi - ethnic cultural context of singapore . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 explored
2 explored 3 knowledge
4 , 7 and
5 attitudes 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 practices
7 and 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 17 in
10 with 13 transition
11 the 13 transition
12 menopause 13 transition
13 transition 14 particular
14 particular 15 to
15 to 16 women
17 in 23 context
18 the 23 context
19 multi 20 -
19 multi 23 context
21 ethnic 23 context
22 cultural 23 context
23 context 24 of
24 of 25 singapore

fifty - eight chinese , malay , and indian singaporean women participated in interviews that were audiorecorded , transcribed verbatim , and analyzed using thematic analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 fifty 2 -
2 - 3 eight
2 - 11 women
4 chinese 5 ,
4 chinese 6 malay
6 malay 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 indian
8 and 11 women
10 singaporean 11 women
11 women 12 participated
12 participated 13 in
13 in 14 interviews
14 interviews 15 that
14 interviews 16 were
15 that 16 were
16 were 17 audiorecorded
18 , 26 analysis
19 transcribed 26 analysis
20 verbatim 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 using
22 and 26 analysis
23 analyzed 24 using
25 thematic 26 analysis

women from all three ethnicities described an attitude [of] acceptance surrounding menopause and the changes associated with it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 women 2 from
1 women 6 described
2 from 5 ethnicities
3 all 4 three
4 three 5 ethnicities
6 described 12 menopause
7 an 8 attitude
7 an 12 menopause
8 attitude 12 menopause
10 acceptance 12 menopause
11 surrounding 12 menopause
13 and 15 changes
13 and 16 associated
14 the 15 changes
15 changes 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 18 it

while they thought it was important to be informed , they did not seek out information about [menopause] and did not view health professionals as useful sources of information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 while 2 they
1 while 3 thought
1 while 4 it
2 they 3 thought
4 it 5 was
5 was 6 important
6 important 7 to
6 important 19 and
7 to 19 and
8 be 10 ,
8 be 19 and
9 informed 10 ,
10 , 14 seek
11 they 12 did
12 did 13 not
12 did 14 seek
14 seek 15 out
14 seek 16 information
14 seek 17 about
19 and 20 did
20 did 21 not
20 did 22 view
22 view 24 professionals
22 view 25 as
23 health 24 professionals
25 as 27 sources
26 useful 27 sources
27 sources 28 of
28 of 29 information

management practices were diverse and rarely involved accessing health professionals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 practices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 management 2 practices
2 practices 5 and
3 were 4 diverse
3 were 5 and
5 and 7 involved
5 and 10 professionals
6 rarely 7 involved
7 involved 8 accessing
8 accessing 9 health

[none] none none none none none none societal aging raises challenging ethical questions regarding the just distribution of health care between young and old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 societal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 raises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 none
4 none 5 none
5 none 6 none
6 none 7 none
7 none 8 societal
8 societal 9 aging
8 societal 10 raises
10 raises 13 questions
10 raises 21 between
11 challenging 13 questions
12 ethical 13 questions
13 questions 14 regarding
14 regarding 17 distribution
15 the 17 distribution
16 just 17 distribution
17 distribution 18 of
18 of 20 care
19 health 20 care
21 between 23 and
22 young 23 and
23 and 24 old

this article considers a proposal for age - based rationing of health care , which is based on the prudential life span account of justice between age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 considers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 considers
3 considers 5 proposal
4 a 5 proposal
5 proposal 6 for
6 for 7 age
8 - 10 rationing
8 - 14 ,
9 based 10 rationing
10 rationing 11 of
11 of 13 care
12 health 13 care
14 , 15 which
14 , 17 based
15 which 16 is
16 is 17 based
17 based 18 on
17 based 26 between
18 on 23 account
19 the 23 account
20 prudential 21 life
21 life 23 account
22 span 23 account
23 account 24 of
24 of 25 justice
26 between 28 groups
27 age 28 groups

while important objections have been raised against the prudential life span account , it continues to dominate scholarly debates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 while 3 objections
1 while 6 raised
1 while 13 ,
1 while 14 it
2 important 3 objections
3 objections 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 raised
6 raised 7 against
7 against 12 account
8 the 12 account
9 prudential 10 life
10 life 12 account
11 span 12 account
14 it 15 continues
15 continues 16 to
15 continues 17 dominate
16 to 17 dominate
17 dominate 19 debates
18 scholarly 19 debates

this article introduces a new [objection] , one that develops out of the well - established disability critique of social contract theories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 introduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 introduces
3 introduces 18 critique
4 a 5 new
4 a 18 critique
5 new 8 one
5 new 15 -
5 new 17 disability
7 , 8 one
8 one 9 that
8 one 10 develops
8 one 15 -
9 that 10 develops
10 develops 12 of
11 out 12 of
12 of 14 well
13 the 14 well
16 established 17 disability
17 disability 18 critique
18 critique 19 of
19 of 22 theories
20 social 22 theories
21 contract 22 theories

i show the implications of this critique for the prudential life span account and for the special case of age - group justice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 i 2 show
2 show 4 implications
3 the 4 implications
4 implications 5 of
4 implications 14 and
5 of 7 critique
6 this 7 critique
8 for 13 account
8 for 14 and
9 the 13 account
10 prudential 11 life
11 life 13 account
12 span 13 account
14 and 15 for
15 for 18 case
16 the 18 case
17 special 18 case
18 case 19 of
19 of 20 age
21 - 22 group
21 - 24 .
22 group 23 justice

the result is that age - based rationing based on the prudential life span approach is not supported , and [that] the prudential life span approach itself is not the best way to think about allocating health care between age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 2 result
2 result 3 is
3 is 5 age
4 that 5 age
6 - 7 based
6 - 16 is
6 - 20 and
6 - 34 think
6 - 42 .
7 based 16 is
8 rationing 9 based
8 rationing 10 on
8 rationing 16 is
10 on 15 approach
11 the 15 approach
12 prudential 14 span
13 life 14 span
14 span 15 approach
16 is 17 not
17 not 18 supported
18 supported 19 ,
19 , 20 and
20 and 26 approach
20 and 28 is
22 the 26 approach
23 prudential 24 life
24 life 26 approach
25 span 26 approach
26 approach 28 is
27 itself 28 is
28 is 29 not
28 is 32 way
28 is 33 to
30 the 31 best
30 the 32 way
33 to 34 think
34 think 35 about
34 think 39 between
35 about 36 allocating
36 allocating 38 care
37 health 38 care
39 between 41 groups
40 age 41 groups

i propose an alternative approach that avoids the disability objection , and consider its implications for specific proposals for age - based rationing of health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 i 12 and
2 propose 5 approach
2 propose 12 and
3 an 4 alternative
3 an 5 approach
4 alternative 5 approach
5 approach 6 that
5 approach 7 avoids
6 that 7 avoids
7 avoids 10 objection
8 the 10 objection
9 disability 10 objection
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 consider
12 and 15 implications
14 its 15 implications
15 implications 16 for
15 implications 19 for
16 for 18 proposals
17 specific 18 proposals
19 for 20 age
21 - 23 rationing
22 based 23 rationing
23 rationing 24 of
24 of 26 care
25 health 26 care

none [context] : equol is a polyphenolic/isoflavonoid molecule that can be expressed as isomers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 4 equol
3 : 5 is
3 : 15 .
4 equol 5 is
5 is 8 molecule
6 a 8 molecule
7 polyphenolic/isoflavonoid 8 molecule
8 molecule 9 that
8 molecule 10 can
9 that 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 expressed
12 expressed 13 as
13 as 14 isomers

however , the characteristics of the equol isomers on dermal gene/protein expression and human skin percutaneous absorption remain unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 characteristics
3 the 4 characteristics
4 characteristics 5 of
4 characteristics 18 remain
5 of 8 isomers
6 the 8 isomers
7 equol 8 isomers
8 isomers 9 on
9 on 11 gene/protein
10 dermal 11 gene/protein
11 gene/protein 13 and
11 gene/protein 15 skin
12 expression 13 and
13 and 14 human
13 and 15 skin
15 skin 17 absorption
16 percutaneous 17 absorption
18 remain 19 unknown

objective : perform a comprehensive investigation on equol [as] : r - equol , racemic equol or s - equol to determine their differential expression of skin - related genes , quantify collagen expression and determine percutaneous absorption in human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 perform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 perform
3 perform 6 investigation
3 perform 7 on
4 a 5 comprehensive
4 a 6 investigation
5 comprehensive 6 investigation
7 on 8 equol
10 : 11 r
10 : 12 -
11 r 12 -
12 - 17 or
13 equol 14 ,
14 , 16 equol
14 , 17 or
15 racemic 16 equol
17 or 18 s
17 or 20 equol
17 or 31 ,
19 - 20 equol
20 equol 21 to
20 equol 22 determine
20 equol 28 -
21 to 22 determine
22 determine 25 expression
23 their 25 expression
24 differential 25 expression
25 expression 26 of
26 of 27 skin
29 related 30 genes
29 related 31 ,
31 , 35 and
31 , 39 in
32 quantify 34 expression
32 quantify 35 and
33 collagen 34 expression
35 and 36 determine
36 determine 38 absorption
37 percutaneous 38 absorption
39 in 41 skin
40 human 41 skin

methods : quantified : [(] [i] [ )(gene expression/mrna levels via gene array technology using human skin equivalents with equol exposure at 1.2 % in qpcr experiments , [(] ii ) in vitro collagen expression in human fibroblasts , and [(] iii ) percutaneous absorption by franz cell techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 quantified
4 : 10 levels
8 )(gene 10 levels
9 expression/mrna 10 levels
10 levels 11 via
10 levels 15 using
11 via 14 technology
12 gene 14 technology
13 array 14 technology
15 using 18 equivalents
15 using 19 with
16 human 17 skin
17 skin 18 equivalents
19 with 21 exposure
19 with 45 absorption
20 equol 21 exposure
21 exposure 22 at
21 exposure 35 expression
22 at 27 experiments
23 1.2 25 in
24 % 25 in
25 in 26 qpcr
26 qpcr 27 experiments
28 , 35 expression
30 ii 31 )
30 ii 35 expression
32 in 33 vitro
33 vitro 34 collagen
34 collagen 35 expression
35 expression 36 in
35 expression 43 )
36 in 40 and
37 human 38 fibroblasts
38 fibroblasts 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 iii
44 percutaneous 45 absorption
45 absorption 46 by
46 by 49 techniques
47 franz 49 techniques
48 cell 49 techniques

collagen type i expression in fibroblasts was greater with racemic [versus] [s] - equol treatment at 1 and 10 nm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 collagen 2 type
2 type 3 i
2 type 20 nm
4 expression 5 in
4 expression 7 was
5 in 6 fibroblasts
7 was 8 greater
8 greater 9 with
8 greater 16 at
9 with 15 treatment
10 racemic 13 -
10 racemic 14 equol
14 equol 15 treatment
16 at 18 and
17 1 18 and
18 and 19 10
19 10 20 nm

percutaneous absorption demonstrated high sequestering in keratinocytes with subsequent accumulation/release over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 absorption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 percutaneous 2 absorption
2 absorption 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 5 sequestering
3 demonstrated 6 in
3 demonstrated 8 with
3 demonstrated 11 over
4 high 5 sequestering
6 in 7 keratinocytes
8 with 10 accumulation/release
9 subsequent 10 accumulation/release
11 over 12 time

the aging male 's symptoms ( ams ) scale and the androgen deficiency in the aging male ( adam ) questionnaire have been widely used for screening men suspected of late - onset hypogonadism ( loh ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 3 male
2 aging 3 male
3 male 4 's
4 's 9 scale
5 symptoms 7 ams
6 ( 7 ams
7 ams 8 )
7 ams 9 scale
9 scale 10 and
10 and 13 deficiency
10 and 14 in
10 and 22 have
11 the 13 deficiency
12 androgen 13 deficiency
14 in 21 questionnaire
15 the 21 questionnaire
16 aging 17 male
17 male 19 adam
18 ( 19 adam
19 adam 20 )
19 adam 21 questionnaire
22 have 23 been
23 been 24 widely
23 been 25 used
25 used 26 for
26 for 27 screening
27 screening 28 men
28 men 29 suspected
28 men 34 hypogonadism
29 suspected 31 late
30 of 31 late
32 - 34 hypogonadism
33 onset 34 hypogonadism
34 hypogonadism 36 loh
34 hypogonadism 37 )
35 ( 36 loh
36 loh 37 )

we evaluated the consistency of the two questionnaires with sex hormone levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 consistency
2 evaluated 9 with
3 the 4 consistency
4 consistency 5 of
5 of 8 questionnaires
6 the 7 two
7 two 8 questionnaires
9 with 12 levels
10 sex 12 levels
11 hormone 12 levels

a total of 985 men completed the two questionnaires , as well as an analysis of the serum levels of total testosterone ( tt ) , bioavailable testosterone ( bt ) , luteinizing hormone [(] lh ) , follicle - stimulating [hormone] ( fsh ) , estradiol ( e2 ) , prolactin ( prl ) and sex hormone - binding globulin ( shbg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 56 and
3 of 4 985
4 985 5 men
4 985 6 completed
4 985 13 as
5 men 6 completed
6 completed 9 questionnaires
7 the 8 two
8 two 9 questionnaires
10 , 13 as
11 as 12 well
12 well 13 as
13 as 15 analysis
13 as 55 )
14 an 15 analysis
15 analysis 16 of
16 of 19 levels
17 the 19 levels
18 serum 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
19 levels 28 testosterone
20 of 22 testosterone
21 total 22 testosterone
22 testosterone 24 tt
23 ( 24 tt
24 tt 25 )
26 , 28 testosterone
27 bioavailable 28 testosterone
28 testosterone 30 bt
28 testosterone 36 lh
28 testosterone 39 follicle
28 testosterone 55 )
29 ( 30 bt
30 bt 31 )
32 , 36 lh
33 luteinizing 34 hormone
34 hormone 36 lh
36 lh 37 )
38 , 39 follicle
39 follicle 47 estradiol
39 follicle 55 )
40 - 47 estradiol
41 stimulating 44 fsh
41 stimulating 46 ,
41 stimulating 47 estradiol
43 ( 44 fsh
44 fsh 45 )
47 estradiol 49 e2
47 estradiol 52 prolactin
47 estradiol 55 )
48 ( 49 e2
49 e2 50 )
51 , 52 prolactin
52 prolactin 54 prl
52 prolactin 55 )
53 ( 54 prl
54 prl 55 )
56 and 58 hormone
56 and 61 globulin
57 sex 58 hormone
59 - 61 globulin
60 binding 61 globulin
61 globulin 63 shbg
61 globulin 64 )
62 ( 63 shbg
63 shbg 64 )

no correlation was observed between any hormone level and the psychological or somatic section of the ams score , whereas the sexual section was correlated with the levels of ft , lh , fsh , shbg and bt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 no 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 was
3 was 4 observed
4 observed 5 between
5 between 8 level
6 any 8 level
7 hormone 8 level
9 and 12 or
9 and 18 score
10 the 11 psychological
11 psychological 12 or
12 or 14 section
12 or 15 of
12 or 18 score
13 somatic 14 section
15 of 17 ams
16 the 17 ams
18 score 20 whereas
19 , 20 whereas
20 whereas 23 section
21 the 23 section
22 sexual 23 section
23 section 24 was
24 was 25 correlated
25 correlated 26 with
26 with 28 levels
27 the 28 levels
28 levels 29 of
29 of 37 and
30 ft 31 ,
31 , 32 lh
31 , 33 ,
33 , 36 shbg
33 , 37 and
34 fsh 36 shbg
35 , 36 shbg
37 and 38 bt

significant correlations were observed between the result of the two questionnaires and these hormone levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 significant 2 correlations
2 correlations 3 were
3 were 4 observed
4 observed 5 between
5 between 12 and
6 the 7 result
7 result 8 of
7 result 12 and
8 of 11 questionnaires
9 the 10 two
10 two 11 questionnaires
12 and 15 levels
13 these 15 levels
14 hormone 15 levels

when loh was defined as tt < 300 ng/dl and ft < 5 ng/dl , the sensitivity and specificity of the ams scale were 54.0 % and 41.2 % compared with 78.7 % [and] 14.8 % for the adam questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 scale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 when 2 loh
1 when 4 defined
1 when 23 scale
2 loh 3 was
3 was 4 defined
5 as 10 and
5 as 12 <
5 as 15 ,
5 as 23 scale
6 tt 7 <
6 tt 10 and
7 < 9 ng/dl
8 300 9 ng/dl
10 and 11 ft
11 ft 12 <
12 < 14 ng/dl
13 5 14 ng/dl
16 the 23 scale
17 sensitivity 18 and
18 and 19 specificity
18 and 23 scale
19 specificity 20 of
20 of 22 ams
21 the 22 ams
23 scale 24 were
24 were 26 %
25 54.0 26 %
27 and 29 %
27 and 30 compared
28 41.2 29 %
29 % 30 compared
30 compared 31 with
30 compared 36 %
31 with 33 %
32 78.7 33 %
35 14.8 36 %
36 % 37 for
37 for 40 questionnaire
38 the 40 questionnaire
39 adam 40 questionnaire

several sex hormone levels correlated with the two questionnaires , but neither of these questionnaires had sufficient sensitivity and specificity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 several 4 levels
2 sex 4 levels
3 hormone 4 levels
4 levels 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 with
6 with 9 questionnaires
7 the 8 two
8 two 9 questionnaires
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 neither
11 but 16 had
12 neither 13 of
12 neither 16 had
13 of 15 questionnaires
14 these 15 questionnaires
16 had 19 and
17 sufficient 18 sensitivity
18 sensitivity 19 and
19 and 20 specificity

it is necessary to provide a new questionnaire applicable to the chinese population to screening loh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 screening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 necessary
3 necessary 4 to
3 necessary 15 screening
4 to 5 provide
5 provide 8 questionnaire
5 provide 14 to
6 a 7 new
6 a 8 questionnaire
7 new 8 questionnaire
8 questionnaire 9 applicable
9 applicable 10 to
10 to 13 population
11 the 13 population
12 chinese 13 population
14 to 15 screening
15 screening 16 loh

this study sought to explore the [lived] experiences of physically active prostate cancer survivors on androgen deprivation therapy [(] [adt] [ )(, who exercise individually . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 )(,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 explore
4 to 5 explore
5 explore 8 experiences
5 explore 15 on
6 the 8 experiences
8 experiences 9 of
9 of 14 survivors
10 physically 11 active
11 active 12 prostate
12 prostate 14 survivors
13 cancer 14 survivors
15 on 18 therapy
16 androgen 17 deprivation
17 deprivation 18 therapy
22 )(, 23 who
22 )(, 24 exercise
23 who 24 exercise
24 exercise 25 individually

three older men ( 74 - 88 years old [ )(with prostate cancer , using [adt] continuously for at least 12 months [and] regularly exercising for at least 6 months , participated in this qualitative pilot study , informed by interpretive phenomenology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 three 3 men
2 older 3 men
3 men 9 old
3 men 38 ,
4 ( 9 old
5 74 6 -
6 - 7 88
6 - 8 years
8 years 9 old
9 old 11 )(with
9 old 15 using
9 old 31 ,
11 )(with 13 cancer
12 prostate 13 cancer
14 , 15 using
15 using 17 continuously
15 using 18 for
15 using 22 months
15 using 26 for
15 using 31 ,
18 for 21 12
19 at 20 least
20 least 21 12
22 months 25 exercising
24 regularly 25 exercising
26 for 30 months
27 at 28 least
28 least 29 6
29 6 30 months
32 participated 33 in
32 participated 38 ,
33 in 37 study
34 this 37 study
35 qualitative 36 pilot
36 pilot 37 study
38 , 39 informed
38 , 40 by
40 by 42 phenomenology
41 interpretive 42 phenomenology

data were gathered using individual semi - structured interviews , audio recorded and transcribed [verbatim] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 data 13 and
2 were 12 recorded
2 were 13 and
3 gathered 5 individual
4 using 5 individual
5 individual 12 recorded
6 semi 9 interviews
6 semi 10 ,
6 semi 11 audio
7 - 9 interviews
8 structured 9 interviews
9 interviews 10 ,
11 audio 12 recorded
13 and 14 transcribed

coherent stories were drawn from each transcript and analyzed using iterative and interpretive methods . van manen 's lifeworld existentials provided a framework for interpreting across the research text . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 coherent 2 stories
2 stories 8 and
3 were 4 drawn
3 were 8 and
4 drawn 5 from
5 from 7 transcript
6 each 7 transcript
8 and 9 analyzed
8 and 10 using
10 using 14 methods
11 iterative 12 and
12 and 13 interpretive
12 and 14 methods
15 . 20 existentials
15 . 30 .
16 van 17 manen
17 manen 18 's
18 's 20 existentials
19 lifeworld 20 existentials
20 existentials 21 provided
21 provided 23 framework
21 provided 24 for
22 a 23 framework
24 for 25 interpreting
25 interpreting 26 across
26 across 29 text
27 the 29 text
28 research 29 text

three notions emerged : getting started , [having] a routine and being with music . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 notions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 three 2 notions
2 notions 3 emerged
4 : 11 and
4 : 15 .
5 getting 6 started
5 getting 7 ,
7 , 10 routine
7 , 11 and
9 a 10 routine
11 and 12 being
11 and 13 with
13 with 14 music

together they reveal what drew the participants to exercising regularly despite the challenges associated with their cancer and treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 together 2 they
2 they 3 reveal
3 reveal 4 what
4 what 5 drew
5 drew 7 participants
5 drew 8 to
6 the 7 participants
8 to 9 exercising
9 exercising 10 regularly
9 exercising 11 despite
11 despite 13 challenges
12 the 13 challenges
13 challenges 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 18 and
16 their 17 cancer
17 cancer 18 and
18 and 19 treatments

this study provides insights into the benefits [of] , and what it means for [,] older men with prostate cancer to regularly exercise individually . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 4 insights
3 provides 5 into
5 into 10 and
6 the 7 benefits
7 benefits 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 what
10 and 12 it
10 and 23 exercise
12 it 13 means
13 means 14 for
13 means 18 with
13 means 21 to
13 means 23 exercise
14 for 17 men
16 older 17 men
18 with 20 cancer
19 prostate 20 cancer
21 to 23 exercise
22 regularly 23 exercise
23 exercise 24 individually

these findings may assist cancer clinicians and other allied health professionals to be more attuned to prostate cancer survivors ' lived experiences when undergoing [adt] , allowing clinicians to better promote regular exercise to their patients as a foundational component of living well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assist
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 assist
4 assist 10 health
5 cancer 6 clinicians
6 clinicians 7 and
7 and 8 other
7 and 9 allied
7 and 10 health
10 health 11 professionals
10 health 24 undergoing
11 professionals 12 to
11 professionals 13 be
11 professionals 15 attuned
11 professionals 21 lived
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 more
15 attuned 16 to
16 to 20 '
17 prostate 18 cancer
18 cancer 19 survivors
19 survivors 20 '
21 lived 22 experiences
21 lived 23 when
23 when 24 undergoing
24 undergoing 27 allowing
26 , 27 allowing
27 allowing 28 clinicians
27 allowing 29 to
27 allowing 31 promote
27 allowing 44 .
29 to 31 promote
30 better 31 promote
31 promote 33 exercise
31 promote 34 to
31 promote 37 as
32 regular 33 exercise
34 to 36 patients
35 their 36 patients
37 as 40 component
38 a 40 component
39 foundational 40 component
40 component 41 of
41 of 42 living
42 living 43 well

[none] negative attitudes toward patients with a history of illicit drug use can adversely affect the therapeutic [nurse] - patient relationship , resulting in suboptimal patient care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 attitudes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 affect
2 negative 3 attitudes
3 attitudes 4 toward
3 attitudes 13 can
4 toward 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
5 patients 9 of
6 with 8 history
7 a 8 history
9 of 12 use
10 illicit 11 drug
11 drug 12 use
13 can 15 affect
14 adversely 15 affect
15 affect 21 relationship
15 affect 23 resulting
16 the 21 relationship
17 therapeutic 19 -
17 therapeutic 21 relationship
20 patient 21 relationship
22 , 23 resulting
23 resulting 24 in
23 resulting 28 .
24 in 27 care
25 suboptimal 27 care
26 patient 27 care

we examined registered nurses ' attitudes toward patients with illicit drug use ( e.g [.] [,] [non] - prescription use of opioids and narcotics , use of illicit drugs ) admitted to the general internal medicine unit of an urban hospital [and] attempted to identify nurse - specific and environmental factors influencing these attitudes . 
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 6 attitudes
3 registered 4 nurses
4 nurses 5 '
5 ' 6 attitudes
6 attitudes 7 toward
6 attitudes 9 with
6 attitudes 18 -
7 toward 8 patients
9 with 12 use
10 illicit 11 drug
11 drug 12 use
13 ( 18 -
14 e.g 18 -
18 - 19 prescription
19 prescription 20 use
19 prescription 31 admitted
20 use 21 of
20 use 31 admitted
21 of 23 and
22 opioids 23 and
23 and 24 narcotics
23 and 26 use
25 , 26 use
26 use 27 of
26 use 30 )
27 of 29 drugs
28 illicit 29 drugs
31 admitted 32 to
32 to 37 unit
33 the 37 unit
34 general 36 medicine
35 internal 36 medicine
36 medicine 37 unit
37 unit 38 of
38 of 41 hospital
39 an 41 hospital
40 urban 41 hospital
41 hospital 43 attempted
41 hospital 51 factors
43 attempted 44 to
44 to 45 identify
45 identify 46 nurse
47 - 51 factors
48 specific 49 and
49 and 50 environmental
49 and 51 factors
51 factors 52 influencing
51 factors 55 .
52 influencing 54 attitudes
53 these 54 attitudes

the results indicated that nurses had a neutral attitude toward working with patients with a history of illicit drug use , but respondents also [had] low motivation and role support ( i.e [.] , perception of receiving support to fulfil one 's professional role [ )(related to caring for this high - risk population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 5 nurses
4 that 6 had
5 nurses 6 had
6 had 9 attitude
6 had 10 toward
7 a 9 attitude
8 neutral 9 attitude
10 toward 11 working
11 working 12 with
11 working 14 with
11 working 17 of
12 with 13 patients
14 with 16 history
15 a 16 history
17 of 20 use
18 illicit 19 drug
19 drug 20 use
20 use 22 but
21 , 22 but
22 but 30 support
22 but 34 ,
23 respondents 27 motivation
24 also 26 low
26 low 27 motivation
27 motivation 28 and
28 and 29 role
28 and 30 support
30 support 32 i.e
31 ( 32 i.e
32 i.e 34 ,
34 , 46 )(related
35 perception 36 of
35 perception 39 to
35 perception 40 fulfil
35 perception 46 )(related
36 of 38 support
37 receiving 38 support
39 to 40 fulfil
40 fulfil 44 role
41 one 42 's
42 's 44 role
43 professional 44 role
46 )(related 47 to
46 )(related 55 .
47 to 48 caring
48 caring 49 for
49 for 54 population
50 this 54 population
51 high 52 -
51 high 54 population
53 risk 54 population

the authors suggest greater use of organizational tools , such as protocols , consult services and [in] - services , to address nurses ' clinical concerns and support therapeutic nurse - patient relationships and thereby enhance care delivery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 16 and
3 suggest 5 use
3 suggest 14 consult
3 suggest 16 and
4 greater 5 use
5 use 6 of
5 use 11 as
6 of 8 tools
7 organizational 8 tools
9 , 11 as
10 such 11 as
11 as 12 protocols
11 as 13 ,
14 consult 15 services
16 and 34 and
18 - 34 and
19 services 21 to
19 services 33 relationships
19 services 34 and
20 , 21 to
21 to 22 address
21 to 31 -
22 address 27 and
23 nurses 24 '
24 ' 27 and
25 clinical 26 concerns
26 concerns 27 and
27 and 30 nurse
28 support 30 nurse
29 therapeutic 30 nurse
32 patient 33 relationships
34 and 36 enhance
35 thereby 36 enhance
36 enhance 38 delivery
37 care 38 delivery

objective : to investigate the epidemiology of late - onset hypogonadism ( loh ) in old and middle - aged males in the rural area of southern china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 19 -
2 : 29 .
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 epidemiology
4 investigate 15 in
5 the 6 epidemiology
6 epidemiology 7 of
6 epidemiology 13 loh
7 of 11 hypogonadism
8 late 9 -
8 late 10 onset
10 onset 11 hypogonadism
12 ( 13 loh
13 loh 14 )
15 in 17 and
16 old 17 and
17 and 18 middle
19 - 21 males
20 aged 21 males
21 males 22 in
21 males 26 of
22 in 25 area
23 the 25 area
24 rural 25 area
26 of 28 china
27 southern 28 china

methods : using the age - stratified sampling method , we conducted a questionnaire investigation on androgen deficiency in aging males ( adam ) , aging male symptoms ( ams ) and iief - 5 among 996 males aged 40 - 80 years in a rural community of jiashan [county] , zhejiang province from april to october 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 we
2 : 12 conducted
2 : 34 -
2 : 41 -
3 using 5 age
3 using 10 ,
3 using 11 we
4 the 5 age
5 age 9 method
6 - 9 method
7 stratified 9 method
8 sampling 9 method
9 method 10 ,
11 we 12 conducted
12 conducted 32 and
13 a 15 investigation
14 questionnaire 15 investigation
15 investigation 16 on
15 investigation 19 in
15 investigation 32 and
16 on 18 deficiency
17 androgen 18 deficiency
19 in 20 aging
20 aging 21 males
20 aging 26 aging
21 males 23 adam
22 ( 23 adam
23 adam 24 )
25 , 26 aging
26 aging 28 symptoms
26 aging 31 )
27 male 28 symptoms
28 symptoms 30 ams
29 ( 30 ams
30 ams 31 )
32 and 33 iief
34 - 35 5
35 5 36 among
35 5 39 aged
36 among 38 males
37 996 38 males
39 aged 40 40
41 - 43 years
42 80 43 years
43 years 44 in
43 years 48 of
44 in 47 community
45 a 46 rural
45 a 47 community
46 rural 47 community
48 of 49 jiashan
49 jiashan 53 province
51 , 53 province
52 zhejiang 53 province
53 province 54 from
53 province 56 to
53 province 59 .
54 from 55 april
56 to 57 october
57 october 58 2012

we also determined the concentrations of serum total testosterone ( tt ) , serum sex hormone binding globulin ( shbg [ )(and serum albumin ( alb ) , detected the levels of free testosterone ( cft ) and bio - available testosterone ( bio - t ) by vermeulen formula , and measured [the] volumes of the prostate and testis by ultrasonography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 determined
1 we 3 determined
2 also 3 determined
3 determined 5 concentrations
4 the 5 concentrations
5 concentrations 6 of
6 of 17 binding
7 serum 17 binding
8 total 17 binding
9 testosterone 11 tt
9 testosterone 13 ,
9 testosterone 17 binding
10 ( 11 tt
11 tt 12 )
14 serum 15 sex
15 sex 17 binding
16 hormone 17 binding
17 binding 18 globulin
17 binding 29 detected
18 globulin 22 )(and
18 globulin 29 detected
19 ( 22 )(and
20 shbg 22 )(and
22 )(and 24 albumin
22 )(and 26 alb
22 )(and 28 ,
23 serum 24 albumin
25 ( 26 alb
26 alb 27 )
29 detected 38 and
30 the 38 and
31 levels 32 of
31 levels 38 and
32 of 34 testosterone
33 free 34 testosterone
34 testosterone 36 cft
35 ( 36 cft
36 cft 37 )
38 and 39 bio
38 and 40 -
38 and 41 available
38 and 42 testosterone
42 testosterone 45 -
42 testosterone 48 by
43 ( 45 -
44 bio 45 -
45 - 46 t
45 - 47 )
48 by 59 and
49 vermeulen 50 formula
50 formula 52 and
51 , 52 and
52 and 55 volumes
52 and 56 of
52 and 59 and
53 measured 55 volumes
56 of 58 prostate
57 the 58 prostate
59 and 60 testis
59 and 63 .
60 testis 61 by
61 by 62 ultrasonography

results : the mean age of the males was 56.22 +/ - 8.82 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 age
2 : 9 was
2 : 15 .
3 the 5 age
4 mean 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 9 was
6 of 8 males
7 the 8 males
9 was 14 years
10 56.22 14 years
11 +/ 12 -
11 +/ 14 years
13 8.82 14 years

the positive rates of loh were 62.86 [%] and 23.05 % based on adam and ams , respectively , and the incidence of erectile dysfunction ( ed ) was 68.83 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 rates
2 positive 3 rates
3 rates 4 of
3 rates 6 were
4 of 5 loh
6 were 11 %
7 62.86 9 and
9 and 10 23.05
9 and 11 %
11 % 12 based
12 based 13 on
12 based 18 respectively
13 on 16 ams
14 adam 15 and
15 and 16 ams
17 , 18 respectively
18 respectively 19 ,
20 and 22 incidence
20 and 29 was
21 the 22 incidence
22 incidence 23 of
22 incidence 27 ed
22 incidence 29 was
23 of 25 dysfunction
24 erectile 25 dysfunction
26 ( 27 ed
27 ed 28 )
29 was 31 %
30 68.83 31 %

there were significant differences among different age groups in the levels of luteinizing [hormone] ( lh ) , shbg , cft and bio - t , but not in tt concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
2 were 5 among
2 were 9 in
2 were 29 in
3 significant 4 differences
5 among 8 groups
6 different 7 age
7 age 8 groups
9 in 22 and
10 the 11 levels
11 levels 12 of
11 levels 18 ,
12 of 13 luteinizing
13 luteinizing 16 lh
15 ( 16 lh
16 lh 17 )
18 , 19 shbg
18 , 20 ,
20 , 21 cft
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 bio
22 and 27 but
23 bio 25 t
24 - 25 t
25 t 26 ,
27 but 28 not
29 in 31 concentration
30 tt 31 concentration

conclusion : ours was the first survey on the epidemiology of loh among old and middle - aged males in the rural area of china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ours
2 : 4 was
2 : 17 -
2 : 26 .
3 ours 4 was
4 was 7 survey
5 the 7 survey
6 first 7 survey
7 survey 8 on
7 survey 11 of
8 on 10 epidemiology
9 the 10 epidemiology
11 of 12 loh
12 loh 13 among
13 among 15 and
14 old 15 and
15 and 16 middle
17 - 19 males
18 aged 19 males
19 males 20 in
20 in 23 area
21 the 23 area
22 rural 23 area
23 area 24 of
24 of 25 china

the incidence of loh in the rural community of zhejiang province was lower than that in the urban areas reported in other studies , but the positive rate of ed showed no significant difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 12 was
3 of 4 loh
4 loh 5 in
4 loh 9 of
5 in 8 community
6 the 8 community
7 rural 8 community
9 of 11 province
10 zhejiang 11 province
12 was 13 lower
13 lower 14 than
14 than 20 reported
15 that 16 in
15 that 20 reported
16 in 19 areas
17 the 19 areas
18 urban 19 areas
20 reported 21 in
21 in 23 studies
22 other 23 studies
24 , 25 but
25 but 28 rate
25 but 31 showed
26 the 28 rate
27 positive 28 rate
28 rate 29 of
28 rate 31 showed
29 of 30 ed
31 showed 34 difference
32 no 34 difference
33 significant 34 difference

free radicals and oxidative stress have been recognized as important factors in the biology of aging and in many age - associated degenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 free
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 free 3 and
1 free 7 been
1 free 8 recognized
2 radicals 3 and
3 and 5 stress
3 and 6 have
4 oxidative 5 stress
6 have 7 been
8 recognized 9 as
8 recognized 20 age
9 as 11 factors
10 important 11 factors
11 factors 17 and
12 in 14 biology
12 in 17 and
13 the 14 biology
14 biology 15 of
15 of 16 aging
17 and 18 in
18 in 19 many
21 - 24 diseases
21 - 25 .
22 associated 24 diseases
23 degenerative 24 diseases

antioxidant systems deteriorate during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 systems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deteriorate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 antioxidant 2 systems
2 systems 3 deteriorate
3 deteriorate 4 during
4 during 5 aging

it is , thus , considered that one way to reduce the rate of aging and the risk of chronic disease is to avoid the formation of free radicals and reduce oxidative stress by strengthening antioxidant defences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 16 and
3 , 4 thus
4 thus 5 ,
4 thus 16 and
6 considered 7 that
6 considered 9 way
6 considered 10 to
6 considered 11 reduce
6 considered 16 and
8 one 9 way
10 to 11 reduce
11 reduce 13 rate
12 the 13 rate
13 rate 14 of
14 of 15 aging
16 and 30 and
17 the 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
18 risk 22 is
19 of 21 disease
20 chronic 21 disease
22 is 23 to
23 to 30 and
24 avoid 26 formation
24 avoid 30 and
25 the 26 formation
26 formation 27 of
27 of 29 radicals
28 free 29 radicals
30 and 31 reduce
31 reduce 33 stress
31 reduce 34 by
32 oxidative 33 stress
34 by 35 strengthening
35 strengthening 37 defences
36 antioxidant 37 defences

phytochemicals present in fruits , vegetables , grains , and other foodstuffs have been linked to reducing the risk of major oxidative stress - induced diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 phytochemicals 2 present
1 phytochemicals 10 and
2 present 3 in
3 in 4 fruits
4 fruits 6 vegetables
4 fruits 8 grains
5 , 6 vegetables
6 vegetables 7 ,
7 , 8 grains
8 grains 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 foodstuffs
10 and 13 have
11 other 12 foodstuffs
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 linked
15 linked 16 to
16 to 17 reducing
17 reducing 19 risk
18 the 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 23 stress
21 major 23 stress
22 oxidative 23 stress
24 - 26 diseases
24 - 27 .
25 induced 26 diseases

some dietary components of foods possess biological activities which influence circadian rhythms in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 components
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 possess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 some 3 components
2 dietary 3 components
3 components 4 of
3 components 6 possess
4 of 5 foods
6 possess 8 activities
7 biological 8 activities
8 activities 9 which
8 activities 10 influence
9 which 10 influence
10 influence 12 rhythms
10 influence 13 in
11 circadian 12 rhythms
13 in 14 humans

chrononutrition studies have shown that not only the content of food , but also the time of ingestion contributes to the natural functioning of the circadian system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chrononutrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 chrononutrition 2 studies
1 chrononutrition 4 shown
1 chrononutrition 19 contributes
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
4 shown 14 also
6 not 7 only
7 only 14 also
8 the 9 content
9 content 10 of
9 content 14 also
10 of 11 food
12 , 14 also
13 but 14 also
14 also 16 time
15 the 16 time
16 time 17 of
17 of 18 ingestion
19 contributes 20 to
20 to 22 natural
21 the 22 natural
22 natural 23 functioning
22 natural 24 of
24 of 27 system
25 the 27 system
26 circadian 27 system

dietary interventions with antioxidant - enriched foods taking into account the principles of chrononutrition are of particular interest for the elderly since they may help amplify the already powerful benefits of phytochemicals as natural instruments with which to prevent or delay the onset of common age - related diseases [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 -
1 dietary 2 interventions
2 interventions 3 with
2 interventions 40 or
3 with 7 foods
3 with 12 principles
3 with 26 amplify
4 antioxidant 5 -
4 antioxidant 7 foods
6 enriched 7 foods
7 foods 8 taking
8 taking 10 account
9 into 10 account
11 the 12 principles
12 principles 13 of
12 principles 15 are
13 of 14 chrononutrition
15 are 16 of
15 are 19 for
15 are 22 since
16 of 18 interest
17 particular 18 interest
19 for 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly
22 since 23 they
22 since 24 may
23 they 24 may
25 help 26 amplify
26 amplify 30 benefits
26 amplify 40 or
27 the 30 benefits
28 already 29 powerful
29 powerful 30 benefits
30 benefits 31 of
30 benefits 33 as
30 benefits 38 to
30 benefits 39 prevent
31 of 32 phytochemicals
33 as 35 instruments
34 natural 35 instruments
35 instruments 36 with
36 with 37 which
38 to 39 prevent
40 or 41 delay
40 or 43 onset
42 the 43 onset
43 onset 44 of
44 of 46 age
45 common 46 age
47 - 49 diseases
48 related 49 diseases

the human brain is a complex system whose topological organization can be represented using connectomics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 brain
2 human 3 brain
3 brain 4 is
4 is 7 system
5 a 7 system
6 complex 7 system
7 system 8 whose
8 whose 10 organization
9 topological 10 organization
10 organization 11 can
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 represented
13 represented 14 using
14 using 15 connectomics

recent studies have shown that human connectomes can be constructed using various neuroimaging technologies and further characterized using sophisticated analytic strategies , such as graph theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
1 recent 10 constructed
1 recent 11 using
1 recent 15 and
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 7 connectomes
5 that 10 constructed
6 human 7 connectomes
7 connectomes 8 can
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 constructed
11 using 14 technologies
12 various 14 technologies
13 neuroimaging 14 technologies
15 and 21 strategies
15 and 24 as
16 further 21 strategies
17 characterized 21 strategies
18 using 19 sophisticated
19 sophisticated 21 strategies
20 analytic 21 strategies
22 , 24 as
23 such 24 as
24 as 26 theory
24 as 27 .
25 graph 26 theory

these methods reveal the intriguing topological architectures of human brain networks in healthy populations and explore the changes throughout normal development and aging [and] under various pathological conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 2 methods
2 methods 15 and
3 reveal 7 architectures
3 reveal 12 in
3 reveal 15 and
4 the 7 architectures
5 intriguing 7 architectures
6 topological 7 architectures
7 architectures 8 of
8 of 11 networks
9 human 11 networks
10 brain 11 networks
12 in 14 populations
13 healthy 14 populations
15 and 16 explore
16 explore 18 changes
16 explore 19 throughout
16 explore 25 under
17 the 18 changes
19 throughout 22 and
20 normal 21 development
21 development 22 and
22 and 23 aging
25 under 28 conditions
26 various 28 conditions
27 pathological 28 conditions

however , given the huge complexity of this methodology , toolboxes for graph [-] based network visualization are still lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 toolboxes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 toolboxes
2 , 3 given
3 given 6 complexity
3 given 10 ,
3 given 11 toolboxes
4 the 6 complexity
5 huge 6 complexity
6 complexity 7 of
7 of 9 methodology
8 this 9 methodology
11 toolboxes 12 for
11 toolboxes 18 are
12 for 17 visualization
13 graph 15 based
15 based 16 network
16 network 17 visualization
18 are 19 still
18 are 20 lacking

here , using matlab with a graphical user interface ( gui ) , we developed a graph - theoretical network visualization toolbox , called brainnet viewer , to illustrate human connectomes as ball - and [-] stick models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 14 we
3 using 4 matlab
3 using 5 with
3 using 13 ,
3 using 14 we
5 with 9 interface
6 a 9 interface
7 graphical 8 user
8 user 9 interface
9 interface 11 gui
10 ( 11 gui
11 gui 12 )
14 we 35 and
15 developed 17 graph
15 developed 35 and
16 a 17 graph
17 graph 21 visualization
18 - 21 visualization
19 theoretical 20 network
20 network 21 visualization
21 visualization 22 toolbox
21 visualization 34 -
22 toolbox 24 called
22 toolbox 28 to
23 , 24 called
24 called 26 viewer
24 called 27 ,
25 brainnet 26 viewer
27 , 28 to
28 to 29 illustrate
28 to 34 -
29 illustrate 31 connectomes
29 illustrate 32 as
30 human 31 connectomes
32 as 33 ball
35 and 37 stick
37 stick 38 models

within this toolbox , several combinations of defined files with connectome information can be loaded to display different combinations of brain surface , nodes and edges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 combinations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 surface
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 within 3 toolbox
1 within 4 ,
1 within 6 combinations
2 this 3 toolbox
5 several 6 combinations
6 combinations 7 of
6 combinations 10 with
6 combinations 22 surface
7 of 9 files
8 defined 9 files
10 with 11 connectome
11 connectome 12 information
11 connectome 17 display
12 information 13 can
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 loaded
15 loaded 16 to
16 to 17 display
17 display 19 combinations
18 different 19 combinations
19 combinations 20 of
20 of 21 brain
23 , 25 and
24 nodes 25 and
25 and 26 edges

in addition , display properties , such as the color and size of network elements or the layout of the figure , can be adjusted within a comprehensive but easy [-] to [-] use settings panel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 properties
4 display 5 properties
5 properties 8 as
5 properties 23 can
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 11 and
8 as 22 ,
9 the 10 color
10 color 11 and
11 and 12 size
11 and 13 of
13 of 16 or
14 network 15 elements
15 elements 16 or
16 or 18 layout
16 or 19 of
17 the 18 layout
19 of 21 figure
20 the 21 figure
23 can 24 be
24 be 25 adjusted
25 adjusted 26 within
26 within 36 panel
27 a 36 panel
28 comprehensive 29 but
29 but 30 easy
29 but 36 panel
30 easy 32 to
32 to 34 use
34 use 35 settings

moreover , brainnet viewer draws the brain surface , nodes and edges in sequence and displays brain networks in multiple views , as required by the user . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 viewer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 draws
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 viewer
3 brainnet 4 viewer
4 viewer 5 draws
5 draws 11 and
5 draws 25 by
6 the 8 surface
7 brain 8 surface
8 surface 9 ,
9 , 10 nodes
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 edges
11 and 13 in
13 in 15 and
14 sequence 15 and
15 and 18 networks
15 and 19 in
15 and 24 required
16 displays 17 brain
17 brain 18 networks
19 in 21 views
20 multiple 21 views
22 , 24 required
23 as 24 required
25 by 27 user
26 the 27 user

the figure can be manipulated with certain interaction functions to display more detailed information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 figure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 manipulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 figure
2 figure 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 manipulated
5 manipulated 6 with
5 manipulated 10 to
6 with 9 functions
7 certain 8 interaction
8 interaction 9 functions
10 to 11 display
11 display 14 information
12 more 14 information
13 detailed 14 information

furthermore , the figures can be exported as commonly used image file formats or demonstration video for further use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 figures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 figures
3 the 4 figures
4 figures 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 exported
7 exported 8 as
8 as 14 or
9 commonly 10 used
10 used 11 image
11 image 13 formats
12 file 13 formats
13 formats 14 or
14 or 16 video
14 or 17 for
15 demonstration 16 video
17 for 19 use
18 further 19 use

brainnet viewer helps researchers to visualize brain networks in an easy , flexible and quick manner , and this software is freely available on the nitrc website ( www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/ ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 viewer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 helps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 brainnet 2 viewer
2 viewer 3 helps
3 helps 4 researchers
3 helps 7 brain
4 researchers 5 to
4 researchers 6 visualize
5 to 6 visualize
7 brain 8 networks
7 brain 9 in
9 in 16 manner
10 an 11 easy
10 an 16 manner
11 easy 12 ,
11 easy 16 manner
13 flexible 14 and
14 and 15 quick
14 and 16 manner
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 software
18 and 21 is
19 this 20 software
20 software 21 is
21 is 22 freely
21 is 23 available
23 available 24 on
24 on 27 website
25 the 27 website
26 nitrc 27 website
27 website 29 www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/
28 ( 29 www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/
29 www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/ 30 )

risk of colorectal cancer ( crc ) is considerably higher in men compared to women ; however , there is inconclusive evidence of sex differences in crc [prognosis] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 risk 2 of
1 risk 8 is
2 of 4 cancer
3 colorectal 4 cancer
4 cancer 6 crc
5 ( 6 crc
6 crc 7 )
8 is 10 higher
9 considerably 10 higher
10 higher 11 in
10 higher 14 to
11 in 12 men
12 men 13 compared
14 to 15 women
16 ; 19 there
16 ; 20 is
17 however 18 ,
17 however 19 there
19 there 20 is
20 is 22 evidence
21 inconclusive 22 evidence
22 evidence 23 of
23 of 25 differences
24 sex 25 differences
25 differences 26 in
26 in 27 crc

we aimed to assess [and] [explain] sex differences in 5 - year relative survival using standard and model - based period analysis among 164,996 patients diagnosed with crc from 1997 to 2006 and reported to 11 german cancer registries covering a population of 33 million inhabitants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 7 sex
4 assess 23 among
7 sex 8 differences
7 sex 20 based
8 differences 9 in
8 differences 20 based
9 in 10 5
10 5 14 survival
11 - 14 survival
12 year 14 survival
13 relative 14 survival
14 survival 15 using
14 survival 19 -
15 using 17 and
16 standard 17 and
17 and 18 model
20 based 22 analysis
21 period 22 analysis
23 among 25 patients
24 164,996 25 patients
25 patients 33 and
26 diagnosed 27 with
26 diagnosed 31 to
26 diagnosed 33 and
27 with 28 crc
29 from 31 to
30 1997 31 to
31 to 32 2006
33 and 34 reported
33 and 35 to
35 to 39 registries
36 11 39 registries
37 german 39 registries
38 cancer 39 registries
39 registries 40 covering
39 registries 43 of
40 covering 42 population
41 a 42 population
43 of 46 inhabitants
44 33 45 million
45 million 46 inhabitants

age - adjusted [5] - year relative survival was higher in women ( 64.5 % vs [.] 61.9 % , p<0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 8 survival
2 - 3 adjusted
3 adjusted 5 -
3 adjusted 8 survival
6 year 8 survival
7 relative 8 survival
8 survival 9 was
9 was 10 higher
10 higher 11 in
11 in 12 women
12 women 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 64.5 15 %
15 % 16 vs
15 % 22 )
16 vs 19 %
18 61.9 19 %
19 % 21 p<0.0001
20 , 21 p<0.0001
21 p<0.0001 22 )

a substantial survival advantage of women was confirmed in multivariate analysis after adjusting for crc stage and subsite in subjects under 65 years of age [(] relative excess risk , rer 0.86 , 95 % ci 0.82 - 0.90 [ )( but not in older subjects ( rer 1.01 , 95 % ci 0.98 - 1.04 [ )( this pattern was similar in the 1st and in the 2nd to 5th year [after] diagnosis [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 advantage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 confirmed
1 a 2 substantial
1 a 4 advantage
2 substantial 3 survival
3 survival 4 advantage
4 advantage 5 of
4 advantage 7 was
5 of 6 women
7 was 8 confirmed
8 confirmed 9 in
8 confirmed 12 after
9 in 11 analysis
10 multivariate 11 analysis
12 after 13 adjusting
13 adjusting 14 for
13 adjusting 17 and
13 adjusting 19 in
13 adjusting 21 under
14 for 15 crc
16 stage 17 and
17 and 18 subsite
19 in 20 subjects
21 under 23 years
22 65 23 years
23 years 24 of
24 of 29 risk
25 age 29 risk
27 relative 29 risk
28 excess 29 risk
29 risk 31 rer
29 risk 38 -
30 , 31 rer
31 rer 32 0.86
31 rer 33 ,
33 , 38 -
34 95 36 ci
35 % 36 ci
36 ci 37 0.82
36 ci 38 -
38 - 39 0.90
39 0.90 42 but
39 0.90 44 in
42 but 43 not
44 in 46 subjects
45 older 46 subjects
46 subjects 48 rer
46 subjects 55 -
47 ( 48 rer
48 rer 49 1.01
48 rer 50 ,
50 , 55 -
51 95 53 ci
52 % 53 ci
53 ci 54 0.98
53 ci 55 -
55 - 56 1.04
56 1.04 60 pattern
56 1.04 61 was
56 1.04 62 similar
59 this 60 pattern
60 pattern 61 was
62 similar 66 and
62 similar 70 to
63 in 65 1st
63 in 66 and
64 the 65 1st
66 and 67 in
67 in 69 2nd
68 the 69 2nd
70 to 74 diagnosis
71 5th 74 diagnosis
72 year 74 diagnosis

the survival advantage of women varied by crc stage and age and was most pronounced for localized disease ( rers 0.59 - 0.88 in various age subgroups [ )(and in patients under 45 years of age ( rers 0.59 , 0.72 and 0.76 in patients with localized , regional or advanced disease , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 advantage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 the 3 advantage
2 survival 3 advantage
3 advantage 4 of
3 advantage 6 varied
4 of 5 women
6 varied 7 by
7 by 10 and
8 crc 9 stage
9 stage 10 and
10 and 11 age
12 and 13 was
13 was 14 most
13 was 23 0.88
14 most 15 pronounced
15 pronounced 16 for
16 for 18 disease
17 localized 18 disease
18 disease 20 rers
19 ( 20 rers
20 rers 21 0.59
20 rers 22 -
23 0.88 29 )(and
23 0.88 35 of
24 in 27 subgroups
24 in 29 )(and
25 various 27 subgroups
26 age 27 subgroups
29 )(and 30 in
30 in 31 patients
31 patients 32 under
32 under 34 years
33 45 34 years
35 of 36 age
36 age 38 rers
36 age 45 patients
37 ( 38 rers
38 rers 39 0.59
38 rers 40 ,
40 , 45 patients
41 0.72 42 and
42 and 43 0.76
42 and 45 patients
43 0.76 44 in
44 in 45 patients
45 patients 46 with
45 patients 56 .
46 with 50 or
47 localized 48 ,
47 localized 49 regional
47 localized 50 or
50 or 51 advanced
51 advanced 52 disease
51 advanced 54 respectively
53 , 54 respectively
54 respectively 55 )

on the contrary , sex differences in survival did not vary by location [of] crc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 on 5 sex
1 on 6 differences
2 the 5 sex
3 contrary 4 ,
3 contrary 5 sex
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 9 did
7 in 8 survival
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 vary
11 vary 12 by
12 by 15 crc
13 location 15 crc

in conclusion , our large population - based study confirmed a survival advantage of female compared to male crc patients , most [notably] in young and middle aged patients and patients with localized disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 6 population
3 , 7 -
4 our 6 population
5 large 6 population
7 - 9 study
7 - 10 confirmed
8 based 9 study
9 study 10 confirmed
10 confirmed 13 advantage
10 confirmed 32 with
11 a 12 survival
11 a 13 advantage
12 survival 13 advantage
13 advantage 14 of
14 of 30 and
15 female 16 compared
15 female 17 to
15 female 21 ,
17 to 20 patients
18 male 20 patients
19 crc 20 patients
21 , 22 most
21 , 30 and
22 most 24 in
24 in 26 and
25 young 26 and
26 and 29 patients
27 middle 29 patients
28 aged 29 patients
30 and 31 patients
32 with 34 disease
33 localized 34 disease

the effect of sex hormones , either endogenous or through hormonal replacement therapy , might be the most plausible explanation for the observed patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 15 might
3 of 5 hormones
4 sex 5 hormones
5 hormones 13 therapy
6 , 13 therapy
7 either 9 or
8 endogenous 9 or
9 or 10 through
9 or 12 replacement
11 hormonal 12 replacement
12 replacement 13 therapy
13 therapy 14 ,
15 might 16 be
16 be 20 explanation
17 the 18 most
18 most 20 explanation
19 plausible 20 explanation
20 explanation 21 for
21 for 24 patterns
22 the 24 patterns
23 observed 24 patterns

none background : hip fracture patients have , in several studies , [been] shown to have excessive mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 15 to
1 none 16 have
2 background 3 :
3 : 4 hip
4 hip 6 patients
4 hip 7 have
5 fracture 6 patients
6 patients 7 have
7 have 9 in
7 have 14 shown
8 , 9 in
9 in 11 studies
9 in 12 ,
10 several 11 studies
14 shown 15 to
16 have 18 mortality
17 excessive 18 mortality

there is , however , a lack of mortality data , in comparison to incidence data , from the last decade in particular . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 however
2 is 7 lack
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
6 a 7 lack
7 lack 8 of
7 lack 18 from
8 of 10 data
9 mortality 10 data
10 data 12 in
11 , 12 in
12 in 13 comparison
12 in 17 ,
13 comparison 14 to
14 to 16 data
15 incidence 16 data
18 from 21 decade
19 the 20 last
19 the 21 decade
21 decade 23 particular
22 in 23 particular

objective : to study short - and long - term mortality in a population [-] based cohort of hip fracture patients over the last decade and compare it to the background population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 and
3 to 4 study
5 short 7 and
6 - 7 and
7 and 8 long
9 - 26 and
9 - 33 .
10 term 11 mortality
10 term 22 over
10 term 26 and
11 mortality 12 in
11 mortality 18 of
12 in 17 cohort
13 a 14 population
13 a 17 cohort
14 population 16 based
16 based 17 cohort
18 of 21 patients
19 hip 21 patients
20 fracture 21 patients
22 over 25 decade
23 the 24 last
23 the 25 decade
26 and 27 compare
27 compare 28 it
28 it 29 to
29 to 32 population
30 the 32 population
31 background 32 population

patients and methods : fragility hip fracture patients in the two most southern counties in norway who experienced fractures in 2004 and 2005 were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 8 patients
4 : 25 studied
4 : 26 .
5 fragility 8 patients
6 hip 7 fracture
7 fracture 8 patients
8 patients 9 in
8 patients 25 studied
9 in 11 two
10 the 11 two
11 two 14 counties
11 two 24 were
12 most 14 counties
13 southern 14 counties
14 counties 15 in
14 counties 17 who
14 counties 18 experienced
14 counties 24 were
15 in 16 norway
17 who 18 experienced
18 experienced 19 fractures
18 experienced 20 in
20 in 22 and
21 2004 22 and
22 and 23 2005

for each patient , three controls were randomly recruited from the background population matched for age , sex , and residency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 controls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 for 3 patient
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 controls
2 each 3 patient
5 three 6 controls
6 controls 7 were
7 were 8 randomly
7 were 9 recruited
9 recruited 10 from
9 recruited 15 for
10 from 13 population
11 the 13 population
12 background 13 population
13 population 14 matched
15 for 20 and
16 age 17 ,
17 , 18 sex
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 residency

overall , age [-] , gender - , and group - specific mortality rates were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 overall 3 age
1 overall 9 and
2 , 3 age
3 age 6 gender
3 age 8 ,
5 , 6 gender
6 gender 7 -
9 and 10 group
11 - 14 rates
11 - 16 calculated
11 - 17 .
12 specific 13 mortality
13 mortality 14 rates
14 rates 15 were
15 were 16 calculated

results : a total of 942 ( 267 male and 675 female ) patients with a fragility hip fracture were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 6 942
6 942 21 identified
7 ( 21 identified
8 267 10 and
8 267 20 were
8 267 21 identified
9 male 10 and
10 and 14 patients
10 and 15 with
10 and 20 were
11 675 14 patients
12 female 13 )
12 female 14 patients
15 with 19 fracture
16 a 19 fracture
17 fragility 19 fracture
18 hip 19 fracture

in the hip fracture patients , overall mortality [rate] after 1 year was 21.3 % ( males 30.7 [%] and females 19.1 [%] , p < 0.005 ) [and] , after 5 years , 59.0 % ( males 70.0 [%] and females 54.6 [%] , p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 in 5 patients
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 mortality
2 the 5 patients
3 hip 4 fracture
4 fracture 5 patients
7 overall 8 mortality
8 mortality 10 after
8 mortality 13 was
10 after 12 year
11 1 12 year
13 was 15 %
14 21.3 15 %
15 % 20 and
16 ( 20 and
17 males 18 30.7
17 males 20 and
20 and 21 females
20 and 26 <
20 and 31 after
20 and 49 )
21 females 22 19.1
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.005
26 < 28 )
30 , 31 after
31 after 33 years
31 after 49 )
32 5 33 years
33 years 36 %
34 , 36 %
35 59.0 36 %
36 % 41 and
36 % 47 <
36 % 49 )
37 ( 41 and
38 males 39 70.0
38 males 41 and
41 and 42 females
41 and 45 ,
42 females 43 54.6
46 p 47 <
47 < 48 0.005
47 < 49 )

the corresponding figures for matched controls were 5.6 % ( males 5.9 % , females 5.4 [%] , p = 0.6 [ )(and 24.9 % ( males 25.9 [%] , females 24.5 [%] , p = 0.4 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 figures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
1 the 3 figures
2 corresponding 3 figures
3 figures 4 for
3 figures 7 were
4 for 6 controls
5 matched 6 controls
7 were 9 %
7 were 40 respectively
8 5.6 9 %
9 % 11 males
10 ( 11 males
11 males 23 )(and
11 males 38 )
12 5.9 13 %
12 5.9 23 )(and
13 % 15 females
13 % 20 =
14 , 15 females
15 females 16 5.4
15 females 18 ,
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.6
23 )(and 24 24.9
24 24.9 25 %
25 % 27 males
25 % 31 females
25 % 36 =
26 ( 27 males
27 males 28 25.9
27 males 30 ,
30 , 31 females
31 females 32 24.5
31 females 34 ,
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.4
39 , 40 respectively
40 respectively 41 .

a statistically significant difference was seen in the log - rank statistical analysis between hip fracture patients and controls , both in males ( p < 0.0005 ) and females ( p < 0.0005 ) , [and] for age groups 50 - 80 years ( p < 0.0005 ) and 80 years and older ( p < 0.0005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 a 4 difference
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 4 difference
4 difference 5 was
5 was 6 seen
6 seen 7 in
6 seen 38 for
6 seen 53 and
7 in 9 log
8 the 9 log
9 log 13 analysis
10 - 13 analysis
11 rank 13 analysis
12 statistical 13 analysis
13 analysis 14 between
13 analysis 36 ,
14 between 18 and
15 hip 16 fracture
16 fracture 17 patients
17 patients 18 and
18 and 19 controls
18 and 20 ,
18 and 29 and
20 , 29 and
21 both 22 in
21 both 29 and
22 in 23 males
23 males 26 <
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.0005
26 < 28 )
29 and 30 females
29 and 33 <
29 and 36 ,
31 ( 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.0005
33 < 35 )
36 , 38 for
38 for 40 groups
38 for 42 -
39 age 40 groups
40 groups 41 50
43 80 44 years
44 years 47 <
44 years 50 and
45 ( 47 <
46 p 47 <
47 < 48 0.0005
47 < 49 )
50 and 52 years
50 and 53 and
51 80 52 years
53 and 54 older
54 older 57 <
55 ( 57 <
56 p 57 <
57 < 58 0.0005
57 < 59 )

conclusion : mortality in males and females with hip fractures is high not only in the first year [after] fracture , but remains higher than in the background population during 5 years [of] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 mortality
2 : 11 is
2 : 13 not
2 : 35 -
3 mortality 4 in
3 mortality 8 with
3 mortality 11 is
4 in 6 and
5 males 6 and
6 and 7 females
8 with 10 fractures
9 hip 10 fractures
11 is 12 high
13 not 14 only
13 not 32 years
13 not 34 follow
15 in 20 fracture
15 in 21 ,
15 in 32 years
16 the 17 first
16 the 20 fracture
18 year 20 fracture
22 but 23 remains
22 but 32 years
23 remains 24 higher
24 higher 25 than
24 higher 30 during
25 than 26 in
26 in 29 population
27 the 29 population
28 background 29 population
30 during 31 5
32 years 34 follow
35 - 36 up

the high mortality in hip fracture patients remains a challenge both [in] middle - aged and elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 the 3 mortality
2 high 3 mortality
3 mortality 4 in
3 mortality 8 remains
4 in 7 patients
5 hip 6 fracture
6 fracture 7 patients
8 remains 10 challenge
9 a 10 challenge
10 challenge 11 both
10 challenge 13 middle
11 both 13 middle
14 - 18 individuals
14 - 19 .
15 aged 16 and
16 and 17 elderly
16 and 18 individuals

optimization of post - fracture treatment and care could reduce mortality of hip fracture [in] middle [-] aged and elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 optimization 7 and
2 of 3 post
2 of 4 -
2 of 7 and
5 fracture 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 and
7 and 8 care
7 and 9 could
9 could 10 reduce
10 reduce 11 mortality
11 mortality 12 of
12 of 21 individuals
13 hip 14 fracture
14 fracture 21 individuals
16 middle 21 individuals
18 aged 19 and
19 and 20 elderly
19 and 21 individuals

our body habitat - associated microbial communities are of intense research interest because of their influence on human health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 habitat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 our 3 habitat
2 body 3 habitat
4 - 7 communities
4 - 8 are
4 - 20 .
5 associated 7 communities
6 microbial 7 communities
7 communities 8 are
8 are 9 of
8 are 13 because
8 are 17 on
9 of 12 interest
10 intense 11 research
11 research 12 interest
13 because 14 of
14 of 16 influence
15 their 16 influence
17 on 19 health
18 human 19 health

because many studies of the microbiota are based on the same bacterial 16 s ribosomal rna ( rrna ) gene target , they [can] , in principle , be compared to determine the relative importance of different disease/physiologic/developmental states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 because 3 studies
1 because 8 based
1 because 22 ,
1 because 23 they
2 many 3 studies
3 studies 4 of
3 studies 7 are
4 of 6 microbiota
5 the 6 microbiota
7 are 8 based
8 based 9 on
9 on 21 target
10 the 11 same
11 same 21 target
12 bacterial 21 target
13 16 14 s
14 s 21 target
15 ribosomal 20 gene
16 rna 18 rrna
16 rna 20 gene
17 ( 18 rrna
18 rrna 19 )
20 gene 21 target
23 they 26 in
23 they 29 be
25 , 26 in
26 in 27 principle
26 in 28 ,
29 be 30 compared
30 compared 31 to
31 to 32 determine
32 determine 35 importance
33 the 35 importance
34 relative 35 importance
35 importance 36 of
36 of 39 states
37 different 39 states
38 disease/physiologic/developmental 39 states

however , differences in experimental protocols used may produce variation that outweighs biological differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 produce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 differences
3 differences 4 in
3 differences 8 may
4 in 6 protocols
5 experimental 6 protocols
6 protocols 7 used
8 may 9 produce
9 produce 10 variation
10 variation 11 that
10 variation 12 outweighs
11 that 12 outweighs
12 outweighs 14 differences
13 biological 14 differences

by comparing 16 s rrna gene sequences generated from diverse studies of the human microbiota using the qiime database , we found that variation in composition of the microbiota across different body sites was consistently larger than technical variability across studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 sequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 by 2 comparing
1 by 7 sequences
3 16 4 s
4 s 5 rrna
5 rrna 7 sequences
6 gene 7 sequences
7 sequences 8 generated
8 generated 9 from
8 generated 15 microbiota
9 from 11 studies
10 diverse 11 studies
11 studies 12 of
12 of 14 human
13 the 14 human
15 microbiota 16 using
16 using 19 database
17 the 19 database
18 qiime 19 database
20 , 21 we
20 , 22 found
21 we 22 found
22 found 24 variation
22 found 34 was
23 that 24 variation
24 variation 25 in
24 variation 27 of
24 variation 34 was
25 in 26 composition
27 of 29 microbiota
28 the 29 microbiota
29 microbiota 30 across
30 across 33 sites
31 different 32 body
32 body 33 sites
34 was 35 consistently
34 was 36 larger
36 larger 37 than
37 than 39 variability
38 technical 39 variability
39 variability 40 across
40 across 41 studies

however , samples from different studies of the western adult fecal microbiota generally clustered by study , and the 16 s rrna target region , dna extraction technique , and sequencing platform produced systematic biases in observed diversity that could obscure biologically meaningful compositional differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 clustered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 samples
3 samples 4 from
3 samples 7 of
3 samples 14 clustered
4 from 6 studies
5 different 6 studies
7 of 12 microbiota
8 the 12 microbiota
9 western 12 microbiota
10 adult 12 microbiota
11 fecal 12 microbiota
13 generally 14 clustered
14 clustered 15 by
15 by 18 and
16 study 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 24 region
19 the 24 region
20 16 21 s
21 s 24 region
22 rrna 23 target
23 target 24 region
25 , 28 technique
25 , 30 and
26 dna 27 extraction
27 extraction 28 technique
29 , 30 and
30 and 35 biases
30 and 41 obscure
31 sequencing 32 platform
32 platform 33 produced
33 produced 35 biases
34 systematic 35 biases
35 biases 36 in
35 biases 41 obscure
36 in 38 diversity
37 observed 38 diversity
38 diversity 39 that
38 diversity 40 could
39 that 40 could
41 obscure 45 differences
42 biologically 43 meaningful
43 meaningful 45 differences
44 compositional 45 differences

in contrast , systematic compositional differences in the fecal microbiota that occurred with age and between western and more agrarian cultures were great enough to outweigh technical variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 differences
4 systematic 6 differences
5 compositional 6 differences
6 differences 15 and
6 differences 22 were
7 in 10 microbiota
7 in 15 and
8 the 10 microbiota
9 fecal 10 microbiota
10 microbiota 11 that
10 microbiota 12 occurred
11 that 12 occurred
12 occurred 13 with
13 with 14 age
15 and 16 between
16 between 21 cultures
17 western 18 and
18 and 19 more
18 and 21 cultures
20 agrarian 21 cultures
22 were 23 great
23 great 24 enough
23 great 25 to
23 great 26 outweigh
25 to 26 outweigh
26 outweigh 28 variation
27 technical 28 variation

furthermore , individuals with ileal crohn 's disease and in their third trimester of pregnancy often resembled infants from different studies more than controls from the same study , indicating parallel compositional attributes of these distinct developmental/physiological/disease states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 resembled
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 individuals
3 individuals 9 and
3 individuals 17 resembled
4 with 8 disease
4 with 9 and
5 ileal 6 crohn
6 crohn 7 's
7 's 8 disease
9 and 10 in
10 in 13 trimester
11 their 12 third
11 their 13 trimester
13 trimester 14 of
14 of 15 pregnancy
16 often 17 resembled
17 resembled 18 infants
17 resembled 19 from
17 resembled 22 more
17 resembled 23 than
19 from 21 studies
20 different 21 studies
23 than 24 controls
23 than 28 study
24 controls 25 from
24 controls 28 study
25 from 27 same
26 the 27 same
28 study 30 indicating
29 , 30 indicating
30 indicating 33 attributes
30 indicating 39 .
31 parallel 33 attributes
32 compositional 33 attributes
33 attributes 34 of
34 of 38 states
35 these 38 states
36 distinct 37 developmental/physiological/disease
37 developmental/physiological/disease 38 states

together , these results show that cross - study comparisons of human microbiota are valuable when the studied parameter has a large effect size , but studies of more subtle effects on the human microbiota require carefully selected control populations and standardized protocols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 results
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 show
5 show 7 cross
6 that 7 cross
8 - 10 comparisons
8 - 14 are
8 - 26 but
9 study 10 comparisons
10 comparisons 11 of
10 comparisons 14 are
11 of 13 microbiota
12 human 13 microbiota
14 are 15 valuable
15 valuable 16 when
16 when 19 parameter
16 when 20 has
17 the 19 parameter
18 studied 19 parameter
19 parameter 20 has
20 has 24 size
21 a 22 large
21 a 24 size
22 large 23 effect
23 effect 24 size
25 , 26 but
26 but 27 studies
26 but 41 and
27 studies 28 of
27 studies 32 on
27 studies 41 and
28 of 31 effects
29 more 30 subtle
30 subtle 31 effects
32 on 35 microbiota
33 the 35 microbiota
34 human 35 microbiota
36 require 40 populations
36 require 41 and
37 carefully 38 selected
38 selected 40 populations
39 control 40 populations
41 and 42 standardized
41 and 43 protocols

objectives : although age - related brain changes are becoming better understood , midlife patterns of change are still in need of characterization , and longitudinal studies are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 although
3 although 4 age
3 although 12 understood
4 age 12 understood
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 brain
6 related 12 understood
7 brain 8 changes
7 brain 10 becoming
8 changes 9 are
9 are 10 becoming
11 better 12 understood
13 , 15 patterns
13 , 18 are
13 , 25 and
14 midlife 15 patterns
15 patterns 16 of
15 patterns 18 are
16 of 17 change
18 are 19 still
19 still 20 in
20 in 21 need
21 need 22 of
22 of 23 characterization
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 studies
25 and 28 are
26 longitudinal 27 studies
27 studies 28 are
28 are 29 lacking

the aim of this study was to determine if baseline fractional anisotropy ( fa ) , obtained from diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) predicts volume change over a 4 [-] year interval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determine
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 if
8 determine 34 .
9 if 12 anisotropy
9 if 25 predicts
10 baseline 12 anisotropy
11 fractional 12 anisotropy
12 anisotropy 14 fa
12 anisotropy 17 obtained
12 anisotropy 25 predicts
13 ( 14 fa
14 fa 15 )
16 , 17 obtained
17 obtained 18 from
17 obtained 24 )
18 from 21 imaging
19 diffusion 21 imaging
20 tensor 21 imaging
21 imaging 23 dti
22 ( 23 dti
23 dti 24 )
25 predicts 27 change
25 predicts 28 over
26 volume 27 change
28 over 33 interval
29 a 33 interval
30 4 32 year
32 year 33 interval

experimental design : forty - four cognitively healthy middle - age adults underwent baseline dti and longitudinal t1 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 experimental 2 design
3 : 4 forty
3 : 5 -
3 : 13 underwent
5 - 9 middle
5 - 10 -
6 four 9 middle
7 cognitively 8 healthy
8 healthy 9 middle
10 - 11 age
12 adults 13 underwent
13 underwent 14 baseline
14 baseline 16 and
14 baseline 23 imaging
15 dti 16 and
16 and 18 t1
16 and 19 -
16 and 20 weighted
17 longitudinal 18 t1
20 weighted 22 resonance
21 magnetic 22 resonance
22 resonance 23 imaging

tensor - based morphometry methods were used to evaluate volume change over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 tensor 2 -
1 tensor 5 methods
3 based 5 methods
4 morphometry 5 methods
5 methods 6 were
6 were 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 change
9 evaluate 12 over
10 volume 11 change
12 over 13 time

fa values were extracted from regions of interest that included the cingulum , entorhinal white matter , and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 fa 2 values
2 values 3 were
3 were 4 extracted
4 extracted 5 from
5 from 21 and
6 regions 7 of
6 regions 18 and
7 of 8 interest
8 interest 9 that
8 interest 10 included
9 that 10 included
10 included 12 cingulum
11 the 12 cingulum
12 cingulum 16 matter
13 , 16 matter
14 entorhinal 15 white
15 white 16 matter
16 matter 17 ,
18 and 20 genu
18 and 21 and
19 the 20 genu
21 and 22 splenium
21 and 23 of
23 of 26 callosum
24 the 26 callosum
25 corpus 26 callosum

baseline fa was used as a predictor variable , whereas gray and white matter atrophy rates as indexed by tensor - based morphometry were the dependent variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 baseline 2 fa
2 fa 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 as
5 as 8 variable
6 a 8 variable
7 predictor 8 variable
9 , 23 morphometry
9 , 24 were
10 whereas 12 and
10 whereas 21 -
10 whereas 23 morphometry
11 gray 12 and
12 and 14 matter
12 and 15 atrophy
12 and 18 indexed
13 white 14 matter
15 atrophy 16 rates
16 rates 17 as
17 as 18 indexed
18 indexed 19 by
19 by 20 tensor
22 based 23 morphometry
23 morphometry 24 were
24 were 27 variables
25 the 27 variables
26 dependent 27 variables

principal observations : over [a] 4 - year period , participants showed significant contraction of white matter , especially in frontal , temporal , and cerebellar regions ( p < 0.05 , corrected for multiple comparisons ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 principal 2 observations
3 : 11 participants
3 : 12 showed
4 over 6 4
4 over 11 participants
6 4 9 period
7 - 9 period
8 year 9 period
9 period 10 ,
11 participants 12 showed
12 showed 14 contraction
12 showed 17 matter
13 significant 14 contraction
14 contraction 15 of
15 of 16 white
17 matter 20 in
18 , 19 especially
18 , 20 in
20 in 27 regions
20 in 37 )
21 frontal 22 ,
21 frontal 27 regions
23 temporal 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 cerebellar
25 and 27 regions
27 regions 30 <
27 regions 33 corrected
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.05
30 < 32 ,
32 , 33 corrected
33 corrected 34 for
33 corrected 37 )
34 for 36 comparisons
35 multiple 36 comparisons

baseline fa in entorhinal white matter , genu , and splenium was associated with longitudinal rates of atrophy in regions that included the superior longitudinal fasciculus , anterior corona radiata , temporal stem , and white matter of the inferior temporal gyrus ( p < 0.001 , uncorrected for multiple comparisons ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 baseline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 baseline 2 fa
1 baseline 12 was
1 baseline 13 associated
2 fa 3 in
2 fa 12 was
3 in 10 and
4 entorhinal 5 white
5 white 6 matter
6 matter 7 ,
7 , 8 genu
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 splenium
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 19 in
14 with 16 rates
15 longitudinal 16 rates
16 rates 17 of
17 of 18 atrophy
19 in 20 regions
20 regions 21 that
20 regions 22 included
21 that 22 included
22 included 26 fasciculus
23 the 26 fasciculus
24 superior 26 fasciculus
25 longitudinal 26 fasciculus
27 , 35 and
28 anterior 29 corona
29 corona 30 radiata
30 radiata 31 ,
31 , 33 stem
31 , 35 and
32 temporal 33 stem
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 matter
35 and 38 of
36 white 37 matter
38 of 42 gyrus
39 the 42 gyrus
40 inferior 42 gyrus
41 temporal 42 gyrus
42 gyrus 45 <
42 gyrus 48 uncorrected
43 ( 45 <
44 p 45 <
45 < 46 0.001
45 < 47 ,
47 , 48 uncorrected
48 uncorrected 49 for
48 uncorrected 52 )
49 for 51 comparisons
50 multiple 51 comparisons

conclusions : brain change with aging is characterized by extensive shrinkage of white matter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 change
2 : 8 characterized
2 : 15 .
3 brain 4 change
4 change 5 with
4 change 7 is
5 with 6 aging
7 is 8 characterized
8 characterized 9 by
9 by 11 shrinkage
10 extensive 11 shrinkage
11 shrinkage 12 of
12 of 14 matter
13 white 14 matter

baseline white matter microstructure [as] indexed by dti was associated with some of the observed regional volume loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 microstructure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 baseline 2 white
2 white 3 matter
3 matter 4 microstructure
4 microstructure 6 indexed
4 microstructure 9 was
6 indexed 7 by
7 by 8 dti
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 18 loss
12 some 13 of
12 some 18 loss
13 of 18 loss
14 the 18 loss
15 observed 17 volume
16 regional 17 volume
17 volume 18 loss

the findings suggest that both white matter volume loss and microstructural alterations should be considered more prominently in models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 both
4 that 6 white
6 white 9 loss
7 matter 9 loss
8 volume 9 loss
10 and 12 alterations
10 and 15 considered
11 microstructural 12 alterations
12 alterations 13 should
13 should 14 be
14 be 15 considered
15 considered 16 more
15 considered 17 prominently
15 considered 18 in
18 in 22 and
19 models 20 of
19 models 22 and
20 of 21 aging
22 and 24 diseases
23 neurodegenerative 24 diseases

objective : to examine the experiences of primary care consultation among older adults with symptomatic foot osteoarthritis ( oa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 experiences
4 examine 11 among
4 examine 14 with
5 the 6 experiences
6 experiences 7 of
7 of 10 consultation
8 primary 9 care
9 care 10 consultation
11 among 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 with 17 osteoarthritis
15 symptomatic 16 foot
16 foot 17 osteoarthritis
17 osteoarthritis 19 oa
18 ( 19 oa
19 oa 20 )

methods : eleven participants ( 6 women and 5 men ) ages 56 - 80 years who had radiographically confirmed symptomatic foot oa and consulted a general practitioner in the last 12 months for foot pain were purposively sampled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 4 participants
2 : 24 and
3 eleven 4 participants
4 participants 8 and
4 participants 24 and
5 ( 8 and
6 6 7 women
7 women 8 and
8 and 10 men
8 and 11 )
9 5 10 men
12 ages 14 -
12 ages 16 years
12 ages 24 and
13 56 14 -
14 - 15 80
16 years 17 who
16 years 18 had
17 who 18 had
18 had 20 confirmed
19 radiographically 20 confirmed
20 confirmed 23 oa
21 symptomatic 22 foot
22 foot 23 oa
24 and 25 consulted
25 consulted 28 practitioner
25 consulted 34 for
26 a 28 practitioner
27 general 28 practitioner
28 practitioner 29 in
29 in 33 months
30 the 33 months
31 last 33 months
32 12 33 months
34 for 36 pain
35 foot 36 pain
36 pain 37 were
37 were 39 sampled
38 purposively 39 sampled

semistructured interviews explored the nature of the foot problem , help - seeking behaviors , and consultation experiences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 semistructured 2 interviews
2 interviews 3 explored
3 explored 16 and
4 the 5 nature
5 nature 6 of
5 nature 16 and
6 of 9 problem
7 the 9 problem
8 foot 9 problem
9 problem 11 help
10 , 11 help
11 help 13 seeking
11 help 15 ,
12 - 13 seeking
13 seeking 14 behaviors
13 seeking 15 ,
16 and 18 experiences
17 consultation 18 experiences

verbatim transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transcripts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 verbatim 2 transcripts
2 transcripts 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 using
5 using 8 analysis
6 interpretative 8 analysis
7 phenomenological 8 analysis

results : the decision to consult a physician was often the outcome of a complex process influenced by quantitative and qualitative changes in symptoms , difficulty maintaining day - to - day roles and responsibilities and the effect this had on family and work colleagues , and a reluctance to present a fragile or aging self to the outside world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
2 : 4 decision
2 : 9 was
2 : 31 -
2 : 40 had
3 the 4 decision
4 decision 5 to
4 decision 6 consult
4 decision 9 was
5 to 6 consult
6 consult 8 physician
7 a 8 physician
9 was 10 often
9 was 12 outcome
11 the 12 outcome
12 outcome 13 of
13 of 15 complex
14 a 15 complex
15 complex 16 process
15 complex 30 to
16 process 17 influenced
16 process 18 by
16 process 22 changes
18 by 20 and
19 quantitative 20 and
20 and 21 qualitative
22 changes 23 in
22 changes 30 to
23 in 24 symptoms
24 symptoms 26 difficulty
25 , 26 difficulty
26 difficulty 27 maintaining
26 difficulty 29 -
27 maintaining 28 day
31 - 36 and
32 day 33 roles
33 roles 34 and
34 and 35 responsibilities
34 and 36 and
36 and 38 effect
37 the 38 effect
39 this 40 had
40 had 41 on
40 had 50 to
41 on 47 and
42 family 43 and
43 and 45 colleagues
43 and 46 ,
43 and 47 and
44 work 45 colleagues
47 and 49 reluctance
48 a 49 reluctance
50 to 51 present
51 present 56 self
51 present 57 to
52 a 56 self
53 fragile 54 or
54 or 55 aging
54 or 56 self
57 to 60 world
58 the 60 world
59 outside 60 world

self - management was commonly negotiated alongside multimorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 negotiated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 self 2 -
1 self 3 management
3 management 4 was
4 was 6 negotiated
5 commonly 6 negotiated
6 negotiated 7 alongside
7 alongside 8 multimorbidities

upon seeking help , participants often believed they received limited information , they were given a brief or even cursory assessment , and that treatment was focused on the prescription of analgesic drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 upon 2 seeking
1 upon 12 ,
1 upon 13 they
2 seeking 3 help
3 help 9 received
4 , 9 received
5 participants 7 believed
6 often 7 believed
7 believed 8 they
7 believed 9 received
8 they 9 received
9 received 11 information
9 received 12 ,
10 limited 11 information
13 they 18 or
14 were 15 given
14 were 18 or
15 given 17 brief
16 a 17 brief
18 or 19 even
19 even 21 assessment
20 cursory 21 assessment
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 treatment
23 and 27 focused
24 that 25 treatment
25 treatment 26 was
26 was 27 focused
27 focused 28 on
28 on 30 prescription
29 the 30 prescription
30 prescription 31 of
31 of 33 drugs
32 analgesic 33 drugs

conclusion : this is the first qualitative study of primary care experiences among patients with symptomatic foot oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
2 : 19 .
3 this 4 is
4 is 8 study
5 the 8 study
6 first 8 study
7 qualitative 8 study
8 study 9 of
9 of 12 experiences
10 primary 11 care
11 care 12 experiences
12 experiences 13 among
12 experiences 15 with
13 among 14 patients
15 with 18 oa
16 symptomatic 17 foot
17 foot 18 oa

the experience of primary care seldom appeared to move beyond a label of arthritis and an unwelcome emphasis on pharmacologic treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 experience
2 experience 3 of
2 experience 7 appeared
3 of 5 care
4 primary 5 care
6 seldom 7 appeared
7 appeared 8 to
7 appeared 9 move
8 to 9 move
9 move 10 beyond
9 move 19 on
10 beyond 12 label
11 a 12 label
12 label 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 arthritis 15 and
15 and 18 emphasis
16 an 17 unwelcome
16 an 18 emphasis
17 unwelcome 18 emphasis
19 on 21 treatment
20 pharmacologic 21 treatment

unlabelled : the built environment ( be ) impacts on people 's disability and health , in terms of overweight , depression , alcohol abuse , poor self - rated health and presence of psychological symptoms ; it is reasonable to assume that be also impacts on participation levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 environment
2 : 9 impacts
2 : 26 ,
2 : 29 -
3 the 5 environment
4 built 5 environment
5 environment 7 be
5 environment 9 impacts
6 ( 7 be
7 be 8 )
9 impacts 10 on
9 impacts 25 abuse
10 on 14 and
11 people 12 's
12 's 13 disability
13 disability 14 and
14 and 15 health
14 and 16 ,
14 and 17 in
16 , 17 in
17 in 18 terms
17 in 23 ,
18 terms 19 of
19 of 22 depression
20 overweight 21 ,
20 overweight 22 depression
24 alcohol 25 abuse
26 , 28 self
27 poor 28 self
29 - 32 and
29 - 37 ;
29 - 46 impacts
29 - 50 .
30 rated 31 health
31 health 32 and
32 and 33 presence
32 and 37 ;
33 presence 34 of
34 of 36 symptoms
35 psychological 36 symptoms
37 ; 38 it
37 ; 39 is
38 it 39 is
39 is 40 reasonable
40 reasonable 41 to
40 reasonable 46 impacts
41 to 42 assume
42 assume 43 that
43 that 44 be
43 that 46 impacts
44 be 46 impacts
45 also 46 impacts
46 impacts 47 on
47 on 49 levels
48 participation 49 levels

this paper presents the validation of the courage built environment self - reported questionnaire ( cbe - sr ) , an instrument designed to evaluate be in the context of health and disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 presents
3 presents 5 validation
4 the 5 validation
5 validation 6 of
6 of 11 self
7 the 11 self
8 courage 9 built
9 built 10 environment
10 environment 11 self
12 - 13 reported
13 reported 18 sr
13 reported 19 )
14 questionnaire 16 cbe
15 ( 16 cbe
16 cbe 17 -
16 cbe 18 sr
20 , 32 and
21 an 22 instrument
22 instrument 23 designed
22 instrument 32 and
23 designed 24 to
23 designed 25 evaluate
24 to 25 evaluate
25 evaluate 26 be
25 evaluate 27 in
27 in 29 context
28 the 29 context
29 context 30 of
30 of 31 health
32 and 33 disability

subjects participating to courage , a cross - sectional study conducted on 10,800 citizens of poland , finland and spain , completed a protocol [inclusive] of the cbe - sr . 
1 subjects 10 study
2 participating 3 to
2 participating 8 -
2 participating 10 study
3 to 4 courage
4 courage 7 cross
5 , 7 cross
6 a 7 cross
7 cross 8 -
9 sectional 10 study
10 study 11 conducted
10 study 12 on
10 study 15 of
10 study 19 and
10 study 22 completed
12 on 14 citizens
13 10,800 14 citizens
15 of 16 poland
17 , 19 and
18 finland 19 and
19 and 20 spain
19 and 21 ,
22 completed 24 protocol
23 a 24 protocol
24 protocol 26 of
26 of 30 sr
27 the 30 sr
28 cbe 30 sr
29 - 30 sr
30 sr 31 .

psychometric properties and factor structure were analysed , and factor scores created . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 psychometric 2 properties
2 properties 3 and
3 and 5 structure
3 and 6 were
4 factor 5 structure
6 were 9 and
7 analysed 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 factor
9 and 11 scores
11 scores 12 created

gender differences , differences between persons from different age groups and persons reporting the environment as facilitating , hindering or neutral were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 gender 2 differences
2 differences 3 ,
3 , 4 differences
3 , 11 and
4 differences 5 between
5 between 6 persons
6 persons 7 from
7 from 10 groups
8 different 9 age
9 age 10 groups
11 and 12 persons
11 and 13 reporting
11 and 23 calculated
13 reporting 15 environment
13 reporting 16 as
14 the 15 environment
16 as 20 or
16 as 23 calculated
17 facilitating 18 ,
18 , 19 hindering
18 , 20 or
20 or 21 neutral
20 or 22 were
22 were 23 calculated

eight items were deleted so that the final version of cbe - sr comprises 19 items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 items
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deleted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 eight 2 items
2 items 3 were
3 were 4 deleted
4 deleted 6 that
5 so 6 that
6 that 9 version
6 that 14 comprises
7 the 9 version
8 final 9 version
9 version 10 of
9 version 14 comprises
10 of 13 sr
11 cbe 13 sr
12 - 13 sr
14 comprises 16 items
15 19 16 items

cronbach 's alpha ranged from 0.743 to 0.906 , and test - [retest] stability was demonstrated for the majority of items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 cronbach 2 's
2 's 3 alpha
3 alpha 4 ranged
3 alpha 10 and
4 ranged 7 to
5 from 7 to
6 0.743 7 to
7 to 8 0.906
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 test
12 - 14 stability
12 - 16 demonstrated
12 - 22 .
14 stability 15 was
15 was 16 demonstrated
16 demonstrated 17 for
17 for 21 items
18 the 19 majority
19 majority 20 of
19 majority 21 items
20 of 21 items

four subscales were identified : usability of the neighbourhood environment ; hindrance [of] walkable environment ; easiness of use of public buildings , places and facilities ; [and] risk of accidents and usability of the living place . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subscales
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 four 2 subscales
2 subscales 3 were
3 were 4 identified
5 : 6 usability
5 : 11 ;
6 usability 7 of
7 of 10 environment
8 the 10 environment
9 neighbourhood 10 environment
11 ; 15 environment
11 ; 16 ;
12 hindrance 15 environment
14 walkable 15 environment
16 ; 25 and
16 ; 27 ;
17 easiness 18 of
17 easiness 23 ,
18 of 19 use
19 use 20 of
20 of 22 buildings
21 public 22 buildings
23 , 24 places
23 , 25 and
25 and 26 facilities
27 ; 32 and
29 risk 30 of
29 risk 32 and
30 of 31 accidents
32 and 33 usability
32 and 34 of
34 of 37 place
35 the 37 place
36 living 37 place

younger respondents reported their neighbourhood as more usable but perceived walkways as more hindering and public buildings as less easy to use ; gender differences were almost inexistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 younger 2 respondents
2 respondents 3 reported
3 reported 5 neighbourhood
4 their 5 neighbourhood
5 neighbourhood 6 as
6 as 17 buildings
7 more 17 buildings
8 usable 9 but
8 usable 12 as
8 usable 15 and
9 but 11 walkways
10 perceived 11 walkways
12 as 14 hindering
13 more 14 hindering
15 and 16 public
15 and 17 buildings
17 buildings 18 as
17 buildings 20 easy
18 as 19 less
20 easy 21 to
21 to 22 use
23 ; 25 differences
23 ; 26 were
24 gender 25 differences
25 differences 26 were
26 were 27 almost
26 were 28 inexistent

the cbe - sr is a four [-] scale instrument with good psychometric properties that measures the person - environment interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 sr
2 cbe 4 sr
3 - 4 sr
4 sr 5 is
5 is 10 instrument
6 a 10 instrument
7 four 9 scale
9 scale 10 instrument
10 instrument 11 with
10 instrument 15 that
10 instrument 16 measures
11 with 14 properties
12 good 14 properties
13 psychometric 14 properties
15 that 16 measures
16 measures 18 person
17 the 18 person
19 - 21 interaction
20 environment 21 interaction

it is sensitive across age groups and is consistent with the subject 's overall judgement of the degree to which the environment is facilitating or hindering . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 it 7 and
2 is 3 sensitive
2 is 7 and
3 sensitive 4 across
4 across 6 groups
5 age 6 groups
7 and 8 is
7 and 15 judgement
8 is 9 consistent
9 consistent 10 with
10 with 13 's
11 the 12 subject
12 subject 13 's
14 overall 15 judgement
15 judgement 16 of
16 of 18 degree
17 the 18 degree
18 degree 19 to
19 to 20 which
19 to 22 environment
19 to 23 is
21 the 22 environment
22 environment 23 is
23 is 25 or
24 facilitating 25 or
25 or 26 hindering

key practitioner message : poor built environments have a negative impact on the level of a person 's participation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 message
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 key 2 practitioner
2 practitioner 3 message
4 : 7 environments
4 : 8 have
5 poor 7 environments
6 built 7 environments
7 environments 8 have
8 have 11 impact
8 have 12 on
9 a 10 negative
9 a 11 impact
10 negative 11 impact
12 on 14 level
13 the 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 19 participation
16 a 17 person
17 person 18 's
18 's 19 participation

however , instruments measuring the person [-] environment interaction are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 instruments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 instruments
3 instruments 4 measuring
3 instruments 10 are
4 measuring 9 interaction
5 the 9 interaction
6 person 9 interaction
8 environment 9 interaction
10 are 11 lacking

the cbe - sr is a valid and reliable instrument that researchers can use to assess the relationships between the intrinsic health state and the objective features of the environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 sr
2 cbe 4 sr
3 - 4 sr
4 sr 5 is
5 is 10 instrument
5 is 19 between
6 a 10 instrument
7 valid 8 and
8 and 9 reliable
8 and 10 instrument
10 instrument 11 that
10 instrument 14 use
11 that 12 researchers
11 that 14 use
12 researchers 13 can
13 can 14 use
14 use 15 to
15 to 16 assess
16 assess 18 relationships
17 the 18 relationships
19 between 24 and
20 the 23 state
21 intrinsic 22 health
22 health 23 state
23 state 24 and
24 and 27 features
24 and 28 of
25 the 27 features
26 objective 27 features
28 of 30 environment
29 the 30 environment

understanding this relationship would provide further insight into the need of addressing the individual 's functioning either by means of interventions directed to the individual or by making changes to the individual 's environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 understanding 3 relationship
1 understanding 4 would
2 this 3 relationship
4 would 5 provide
5 provide 7 insight
5 provide 8 into
5 provide 30 to
6 further 7 insight
8 into 10 need
9 the 10 need
10 need 11 of
10 need 20 of
10 need 22 directed
11 of 12 addressing
12 addressing 16 functioning
12 addressing 17 either
12 addressing 18 by
13 the 14 individual
14 individual 15 's
15 's 16 functioning
18 by 19 means
20 of 21 interventions
22 directed 26 or
23 to 25 individual
23 to 26 or
24 the 25 individual
26 or 27 by
27 by 28 making
28 making 29 changes
30 to 34 environment
31 the 32 individual
32 individual 33 's
33 's 34 environment

the collaborative research on ageing in europe protocol was based on that of the world health organization study on global ageing and adult health ( sage ) project that investigated the relationship between health and well - being and provided a set of instruments that can be used across countries to monitor health and health - related outcomes of older populations as well as the strategies for addressing issues concerning the ageing process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 74 .
1 the 3 research
2 collaborative 3 research
3 research 4 on
3 research 6 in
3 research 10 based
3 research 13 of
3 research 35 and
4 on 5 ageing
6 in 7 europe
7 europe 8 protocol
7 europe 9 was
8 protocol 9 was
10 based 11 on
11 on 12 that
13 of 28 project
14 the 28 project
15 world 16 health
16 health 28 project
17 organization 28 project
18 study 19 on
18 study 22 and
19 on 21 ageing
20 global 21 ageing
22 and 24 health
22 and 26 sage
22 and 28 project
23 adult 24 health
25 ( 26 sage
26 sage 27 )
28 project 29 that
28 project 30 investigated
29 that 30 investigated
30 investigated 32 relationship
31 the 32 relationship
32 relationship 33 between
33 between 34 health
35 and 36 well
35 and 37 -
37 - 38 being
37 - 39 and
39 and 54 and
39 and 57 related
40 provided 42 set
40 provided 48 used
40 provided 54 and
41 a 42 set
42 set 43 of
42 set 47 be
43 of 44 instruments
44 instruments 45 that
44 instruments 46 can
45 that 46 can
47 be 48 used
49 across 50 countries
49 across 54 and
50 countries 51 to
50 countries 52 monitor
51 to 52 monitor
53 health 54 and
54 and 55 health
54 and 56 -
54 and 57 related
57 related 58 outcomes
57 related 67 for
58 outcomes 59 of
58 outcomes 64 as
59 of 61 populations
60 older 61 populations
61 populations 62 as
62 as 63 well
64 as 66 strategies
65 the 66 strategies
67 for 68 addressing
68 addressing 69 issues
69 issues 70 concerning
70 concerning 73 process
71 the 73 process
72 ageing 73 process

to evaluate the degree to which sage protocol covered the spectrum of disability given the scope of the world health organization international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) , a mapping exercise was performed with sage protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 to 2 evaluate
1 to 33 ,
1 to 36 exercise
2 evaluate 28 and
3 the 4 degree
4 degree 5 to
4 degree 12 of
4 degree 26 ,
5 to 6 which
5 to 8 protocol
5 to 9 covered
7 sage 8 protocol
8 protocol 9 covered
9 covered 11 spectrum
10 the 11 spectrum
12 of 13 disability
13 disability 14 given
14 given 16 scope
15 the 16 scope
16 scope 17 of
17 of 23 classification
18 the 23 classification
19 world 20 health
20 health 21 organization
21 organization 22 international
22 international 23 classification
23 classification 24 of
24 of 25 functioning
26 , 27 disability
26 , 28 and
28 and 29 health
28 and 31 icf
30 ( 31 icf
31 icf 32 )
34 a 36 exercise
35 mapping 36 exercise
36 exercise 37 was
37 was 38 performed
38 performed 39 with
39 with 41 protocol
40 sage 41 protocol

results show that the sage protocol covers icf domains in a [non] [-] uniform way , with environmental factors categories being underrepresented , whereas mental , cardiovascular , sensory functions and mobility were overrepresented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 6 protocol
3 that 7 covers
4 the 6 protocol
5 sage 6 protocol
6 protocol 7 covers
7 covers 9 domains
7 covers 10 in
7 covers 15 way
7 covers 17 with
7 covers 24 whereas
8 icf 9 domains
11 a 15 way
14 uniform 15 way
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 factors
17 with 20 categories
17 with 23 ,
18 environmental 19 factors
20 categories 21 being
21 being 22 underrepresented
24 whereas 31 and
24 whereas 34 overrepresented
25 mental 26 ,
25 mental 30 functions
27 cardiovascular 28 ,
27 cardiovascular 30 functions
29 sensory 30 functions
30 functions 31 and
31 and 32 mobility
31 and 33 were
33 were 34 overrepresented

to overcome this partial coverage of icf functioning categories , new assessment instruments have been developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 overcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 to 2 overcome
2 overcome 5 coverage
3 this 4 partial
4 partial 5 coverage
5 coverage 6 of
6 of 9 categories
7 icf 8 functioning
8 functioning 9 categories
10 , 13 instruments
10 , 16 developed
11 new 12 assessment
12 assessment 13 instruments
13 instruments 14 have
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 developed

practitioner message : mapping exercises are valid procedures to understand the extent to which a survey protocol covers the spectrum of functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 message
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 practitioner 2 message
2 message 3 :
3 : 4 mapping
4 mapping 5 exercises
4 mapping 10 understand
4 mapping 13 to
5 exercises 6 are
6 are 8 procedures
6 are 9 to
7 valid 8 procedures
9 to 10 understand
10 understand 12 extent
11 the 12 extent
13 to 14 which
13 to 17 protocol
13 to 18 covers
15 a 17 protocol
16 survey 17 protocol
17 protocol 18 covers
18 covers 20 spectrum
19 the 20 spectrum
20 spectrum 21 of
21 of 22 functioning

the mapping exercise with sage protocol shows that it provides only a partial representation of body functions and activities and participation domains , and the coverage of environmental factors is poor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 exercise
2 mapping 3 exercise
3 exercise 4 with
3 exercise 18 and
4 with 5 sage
5 sage 6 protocol
5 sage 7 shows
6 protocol 7 shows
7 shows 8 that
8 that 9 it
8 that 10 provides
9 it 10 provides
10 provides 11 only
10 provides 14 representation
12 a 13 partial
12 a 14 representation
13 partial 14 representation
14 representation 15 of
15 of 17 functions
16 body 17 functions
18 and 19 activities
18 and 20 and
20 and 22 domains
21 participation 22 domains
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 coverage
24 and 30 is
25 the 26 coverage
26 coverage 27 of
26 coverage 30 is
27 of 29 factors
28 environmental 29 factors
30 is 31 poor

new instruments are therefore needed for researchers to properly understand the health and disability of ageing populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instruments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 new 2 instruments
2 instruments 3 are
3 are 5 needed
4 therefore 5 needed
5 needed 6 for
5 needed 8 to
6 for 7 researchers
8 to 10 understand
9 properly 10 understand
10 understand 13 and
11 the 13 and
12 health 13 and
13 and 14 disability
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 populations
16 ageing 17 populations

objective : to examine the associations of foot posture and foot function to foot pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 foot
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 associations
4 examine 12 function
5 the 6 associations
6 associations 7 of
6 associations 12 function
7 of 10 and
8 foot 9 posture
9 posture 10 and
10 and 11 foot
12 function 13 to
13 to 14 foot
14 foot 15 pain

methods : data were collected on 3,378 members of the framingham study cohort who completed foot examinations in 2002 - 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 were
2 : 22 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 collected
5 collected 6 on
5 collected 18 in
6 on 8 members
7 3,378 8 members
8 members 9 of
9 of 13 cohort
10 the 13 cohort
11 framingham 12 study
12 study 13 cohort
13 cohort 14 who
13 cohort 15 completed
14 who 15 completed
15 completed 17 examinations
16 foot 17 examinations
18 in 20 -
19 2002 20 -
20 - 21 2008

foot pain ( generalized [and] at 6 locations ) was based on the response to the following question : " on most days , do you have pain , aching or stiffness in either foot ? " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 foot
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ?
1 foot 2 pain
1 foot 10 was
1 foot 11 based
1 foot 19 :
2 pain 4 generalized
2 pain 10 was
3 ( 4 generalized
4 generalized 6 at
4 generalized 9 )
6 at 8 locations
7 6 8 locations
11 based 12 on
12 on 14 response
13 the 14 response
14 response 15 to
15 to 18 question
16 the 17 following
16 the 18 question
19 : 20 "
19 : 21 on
21 on 23 days
22 most 23 days
24 , 25 do
25 do 26 you
25 do 27 have
27 have 31 or
28 pain 29 ,
29 , 30 aching
29 , 31 or
31 or 32 stiffness
31 or 33 in
33 in 35 foot
34 either 35 foot
36 ? 37 "

foot posture was categorized as normal , planus , or cavus using static pressure measurements of the arch index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 posture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 foot 2 posture
2 posture 3 was
3 was 4 categorized
4 categorized 6 normal
5 as 6 normal
7 , 10 or
8 planus 10 or
9 , 10 or
10 or 11 cavus
10 or 12 using
10 or 16 of
12 using 15 measurements
13 static 15 measurements
14 pressure 15 measurements
16 of 19 index
17 the 19 index
18 arch 19 index

foot [function] was categorized as normal , pronated , or supinated using the center of pressure excursion index [from] dynamic pressure measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 foot
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 foot 10 or
3 was 4 categorized
3 was 10 or
4 categorized 6 normal
5 as 6 normal
6 normal 8 pronated
7 , 8 pronated
8 pronated 9 ,
9 , 10 or
10 or 11 supinated
10 or 12 using
10 or 22 measurements
12 using 14 center
13 the 14 center
14 center 15 of
15 of 16 pressure
17 excursion 21 pressure
18 index 21 pressure
20 dynamic 21 pressure
21 pressure 22 measurements

sex - specific multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of foot posture and function [on] generalized and location - specific foot pain , adjusting for age and weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 sex 2 -
1 sex 7 models
3 specific 4 multivariate
4 multivariate 5 logistic
5 logistic 7 models
6 regression 7 models
7 models 31 and
8 were 9 used
8 were 31 and
9 used 10 to
9 used 29 for
10 to 11 examine
11 examine 13 effect
12 the 13 effect
13 effect 14 of
13 effect 28 adjusting
14 of 21 and
15 foot 16 posture
16 posture 17 and
17 and 18 function
17 and 20 generalized
17 and 21 and
21 and 22 location
21 and 26 pain
23 - 26 pain
24 specific 25 foot
25 foot 26 pain
26 pain 27 ,
29 for 30 age
31 and 32 weight

results : planus [foot] [posture] was significantly associated [with] [an] increased likelihood of arch pain in men ( odds ratio [ or ] 1.38 , 95 % confidence interval [ 95 % ci ] [1.01] - 1.90 [ )( [while] cavus foot posture was protective against ball of foot pain ( or 0.74 , 95 % ci 0.55 - 1.00 [ )( arch pain ( or 0.64 , 95 % ci 0.48 - 0.85 [ )(in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 planus
3 planus 6 was
6 was 12 likelihood
6 was 15 pain
7 significantly 8 associated
8 associated 12 likelihood
11 increased 12 likelihood
12 likelihood 13 of
13 of 14 arch
15 pain 16 in
15 pain 24 1.38
16 in 17 men
17 men 20 ratio
18 ( 20 ratio
19 odds 20 ratio
20 ratio 22 or
20 ratio 23 ]
21 [ 22 or
22 or 23 ]
24 1.38 36 -
25 , 36 -
26 95 27 %
27 % 28 confidence
28 confidence 29 interval
29 interval 33 ci
29 interval 36 -
30 [ 33 ci
31 95 33 ci
32 % 33 ci
33 ci 34 ]
36 - 41 cavus
37 1.90 41 cavus
41 cavus 43 posture
41 cavus 44 was
41 cavus 45 protective
41 cavus 48 of
42 foot 43 posture
43 posture 44 was
45 protective 46 against
46 against 47 ball
48 of 50 pain
49 foot 50 pain
50 pain 52 or
50 pain 59 -
51 ( 52 or
52 or 53 0.74
52 or 54 ,
54 , 59 -
55 95 57 ci
56 % 57 ci
57 ci 58 0.55
57 ci 59 -
59 - 64 pain
60 1.00 63 arch
63 arch 64 pain
64 pain 66 or
64 pain 71 ci
65 ( 66 or
66 or 67 0.64
66 or 68 ,
68 , 71 ci
69 95 71 ci
70 % 71 ci
71 ci 73 -
71 ci 76 )(in
71 ci 78 .
72 0.48 73 -
73 - 74 0.85
76 )(in 77 women

pronated foot function was significantly associated with [an] increased likelihood of generalized foot pain ( or 1.28 , 95 % ci 1.04 - 1.56 [ )(and heel pain ( or 1.54 [,] 95 % ci 1.04 - 2.27 ) in men [,] [while] supinated foot function was protective against [hindfoot] pain in women ( or 0.74 , 95 % ci 0.55 - 1.00 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
1 pronated 3 function
2 foot 3 function
3 function 4 was
4 was 6 associated
5 significantly 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 10 likelihood
7 with 19 95
9 increased 10 likelihood
10 likelihood 11 of
11 of 14 pain
12 generalized 14 pain
13 foot 14 pain
14 pain 16 or
15 ( 16 or
16 or 17 1.28
16 or 18 ,
19 95 26 )(and
19 95 28 pain
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 23 -
21 ci 26 )(and
22 1.04 23 -
23 - 24 1.56
26 )(and 27 heel
26 )(and 28 pain
28 pain 37 -
28 pain 40 in
29 ( 37 -
30 or 35 ci
31 1.54 35 ci
33 95 35 ci
34 % 35 ci
35 ci 36 1.04
35 ci 37 -
37 - 38 2.27
37 - 39 )
40 in 41 men
41 men 44 supinated
41 men 46 function
41 men 47 was
41 men 48 protective
45 foot 46 function
46 function 47 was
48 protective 49 against
48 protective 52 in
49 against 51 pain
52 in 53 women
53 women 55 or
53 women 60 ci
54 ( 55 or
55 or 56 0.74
55 or 57 ,
57 , 60 ci
58 95 60 ci
59 % 60 ci
60 ci 61 0.55
60 ci 63 1.00
60 ci 65 .
62 - 63 1.00
63 1.00 64 )

conclusion : planus foot posture and pronated foot function are associated with foot symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 and
2 : 11 associated
2 : 15 .
3 planus 5 posture
4 foot 5 posture
5 posture 6 and
6 and 9 function
6 and 10 are
7 pronated 8 foot
8 foot 9 function
10 are 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 symptoms
13 foot 14 symptoms

interventions that modify abnormal foot posture and function may therefore have a role in the prevention and treatment of foot pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 interventions 2 that
1 interventions 7 and
1 interventions 9 may
2 that 7 and
3 modify 6 posture
3 modify 7 and
4 abnormal 5 foot
5 foot 6 posture
7 and 8 function
9 may 11 have
10 therefore 11 have
11 have 13 role
11 have 14 in
12 a 13 role
14 in 17 and
15 the 16 prevention
16 prevention 17 and
17 and 18 treatment
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 pain
20 foot 21 pain

this study aims to evaluate the correlation between the presences of separated endodontic instrument inside the dental canal and the nickel ( ni ) level in the urine samples of subjected patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 evaluate
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 correlation
5 evaluate 8 between
5 evaluate 26 in
6 the 7 correlation
8 between 10 presences
9 the 10 presences
10 presences 11 of
11 of 25 level
12 separated 14 instrument
13 endodontic 14 instrument
14 instrument 15 inside
15 inside 25 level
16 the 18 canal
17 dental 18 canal
18 canal 19 and
19 and 21 nickel
19 and 23 ni
19 and 25 level
20 the 21 nickel
22 ( 23 ni
23 ni 24 )
26 in 29 samples
27 the 29 samples
28 urine 29 samples
29 samples 30 of
30 of 32 patients
31 subjected 32 patients

[same] - gendered and near - aged participants were selected and were instructed to collect their urine in sterile nickel - free plastic containers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 instructed
2 - 4 and
3 gendered 4 and
4 and 11 and
5 near 6 -
5 near 8 participants
7 aged 8 participants
8 participants 9 were
9 were 11 and
10 selected 11 and
11 and 12 were
12 were 13 instructed
13 instructed 14 to
13 instructed 15 collect
14 to 15 collect
15 collect 17 urine
15 collect 18 in
16 their 17 urine
18 in 20 nickel
19 sterile 20 nickel
20 nickel 24 containers
21 - 24 containers
22 free 24 containers
23 plastic 24 containers
24 containers 25 .

the procedures were carried out in the office , and samples were stored in low - temperature cooler for 1 day and then [they] were transferred to the laboratory for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 procedures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 transferred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 procedures
2 procedures 3 were
3 were 4 carried
4 carried 5 out
4 carried 6 in
6 in 8 office
7 the 8 office
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 samples
10 and 22 and
11 samples 22 and
12 were 13 stored
12 were 22 and
13 stored 14 in
14 in 17 temperature
15 low 16 -
15 low 17 temperature
17 temperature 18 cooler
18 cooler 19 for
19 for 21 day
20 1 21 day
22 and 25 were
23 then 25 were
25 were 26 transferred
26 transferred 27 to
26 transferred 30 for
27 to 29 laboratory
28 the 29 laboratory
30 for 34 spectrometry
31 electrothermal 33 absorption
32 atomic 33 absorption
33 absorption 34 spectrometry

the level of ni was measured and the correlation coefficient was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 5 was
3 of 4 ni
5 was 6 measured
7 and 10 coefficient
7 and 12 calculated
8 the 10 coefficient
9 correlation 10 coefficient
10 coefficient 11 was
11 was 12 calculated

data were analyzed using [t] tests , pearson 's correlation coefficients , and linear regression analysis , at a level of significance p < 0.05 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 using
4 using 13 and
6 tests 7 ,
7 , 11 coefficients
7 , 13 and
8 pearson 9 's
9 's 11 coefficients
10 correlation 11 coefficients
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 analysis
13 and 17 ,
13 and 18 at
13 and 21 of
14 linear 15 regression
15 regression 16 analysis
18 at 20 level
19 a 20 level
21 of 22 significance
22 significance 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.05

the statistical analysis [has] showed significant difference [in] ni level between endodontic and control groups ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 analysis
2 statistical 3 analysis
3 analysis 5 showed
5 showed 10 level
5 showed 11 between
6 significant 7 difference
7 difference 10 level
9 ni 10 level
11 between 13 and
12 endodontic 13 and
13 and 15 groups
13 and 18 <
14 control 15 groups
16 ( 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.05
18 < 20 )

the amount of ni [element] can be increased in the urine of patients who have experienced broken endodontic [instrument] inside the dental canal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 amount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 amount
2 amount 3 of
2 amount 6 can
3 of 4 ni
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 increased
8 increased 9 in
9 in 11 urine
10 the 11 urine
11 urine 12 of
11 urine 16 experienced
11 urine 17 broken
11 urine 18 endodontic
12 of 13 patients
13 patients 14 who
13 patients 15 have
14 who 15 have
18 endodontic 20 inside
20 inside 23 canal
21 the 23 canal
22 dental 23 canal

however , there is no positive correlation between the remaining pieces of instruments inside the canal and the elevation of nickel amount in urine during the tested time period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 correlation
5 no 7 correlation
6 positive 7 correlation
7 correlation 8 between
8 between 22 amount
9 the 10 remaining
9 the 22 amount
11 pieces 12 of
11 pieces 17 and
12 of 13 instruments
13 instruments 14 inside
14 inside 16 canal
15 the 16 canal
17 and 19 elevation
17 and 20 of
17 and 22 amount
18 the 19 elevation
20 of 21 nickel
22 amount 23 in
22 amount 25 during
23 in 24 urine
25 during 29 period
26 the 29 period
27 tested 29 period
28 time 29 period

this issue suggested that the aging [of] remaining broken instrument inside the canal does not show any remarkable concern regarding the ni elevation in the urine excreted by an individual . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 issue
2 issue 3 suggested
3 suggested 4 that
4 that 10 instrument
4 that 16 show
5 the 10 instrument
6 aging 8 remaining
8 remaining 10 instrument
9 broken 10 instrument
10 instrument 11 inside
10 instrument 14 does
11 inside 13 canal
12 the 13 canal
14 does 15 not
14 does 16 show
16 show 19 concern
16 show 23 elevation
16 show 24 in
17 any 19 concern
18 remarkable 19 concern
19 concern 20 regarding
20 regarding 22 ni
21 the 22 ni
24 in 26 urine
25 the 26 urine
26 urine 27 excreted
27 excreted 28 by
28 by 30 individual
29 an 30 individual

[none] the health of individuals is highly heterogeneous , [as] is the rate at which they age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 the 3 health
3 health 4 of
3 health 9 ,
4 of 5 individuals
6 is 8 heterogeneous
6 is 9 ,
7 highly 8 heterogeneous
9 , 11 is
11 is 13 rate
12 the 13 rate
13 rate 14 at
14 at 15 which
14 at 16 they
14 at 17 age
16 they 17 age

to account for such heterogeneity , we have suggested that an individual 's health status can be represented by the number of health deficits ( broadly defined by biological and clinical characteristics ) that they accumulate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 to 2 account
1 to 6 ,
1 to 7 we
2 account 3 for
3 for 5 heterogeneity
4 such 5 heterogeneity
7 we 8 have
8 have 9 suggested
9 suggested 10 that
10 that 16 can
10 that 17 be
11 an 12 individual
12 individual 13 's
13 's 16 can
14 health 15 status
15 status 16 can
17 be 18 represented
18 represented 19 by
19 by 21 number
20 the 21 number
21 number 22 of
21 number 34 that
21 number 36 accumulate
22 of 24 deficits
23 health 24 deficits
24 deficits 27 defined
25 ( 26 broadly
25 ( 27 defined
27 defined 28 by
27 defined 33 )
28 by 32 characteristics
29 biological 30 and
30 and 31 clinical
30 and 32 characteristics
34 that 35 they
34 that 36 accumulate
35 they 36 accumulate

this allows health to be expressed in a single number : the frailty index ( fi ) is the ratio of the deficits present in a person to the total number of deficits considered ( e.g [.] in a given database or experimental procedure ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 allows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 this 2 allows
2 allows 3 health
2 allows 4 to
2 allows 6 expressed
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 expressed
6 expressed 7 in
7 in 10 number
8 a 10 number
9 single 10 number
11 : 14 index
11 : 18 is
12 the 14 index
13 frailty 14 index
14 index 16 fi
14 index 18 is
15 ( 16 fi
16 fi 17 )
18 is 20 ratio
19 the 20 ratio
20 ratio 21 of
20 ratio 36 e.g
21 of 23 deficits
22 the 23 deficits
23 deficits 24 present
23 deficits 28 to
24 present 25 in
25 in 27 person
26 a 27 person
28 to 31 number
29 the 31 number
30 total 31 number
31 number 32 of
32 of 33 deficits
33 deficits 34 considered
35 ( 36 e.g
36 e.g 38 in
36 e.g 45 )
38 in 42 or
39 a 41 database
40 given 41 database
41 database 42 or
42 or 44 procedure
43 experimental 44 procedure

changes in the fi characterize the rate of individual aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 5 characterize
2 in 4 fi
3 the 4 fi
5 characterize 7 rate
6 the 7 rate
7 rate 8 of
8 of 10 aging
9 individual 10 aging

the behavior of the fi is highly characteristic : it shows an age specific , nonlinear increase , [(] similar to gompertz law ) , higher values in females , strong associations with adverse outcomes ( e.g [.] , mortality ) , and a universal limit to its increase ( at fi ~0.7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 behavior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 the 2 behavior
2 behavior 3 of
2 behavior 6 is
3 of 5 fi
4 the 5 fi
6 is 8 characteristic
7 highly 8 characteristic
9 : 10 it
9 : 11 shows
9 : 55 .
10 it 11 shows
11 shows 17 increase
11 shows 43 and
11 shows 47 to
11 shows 51 at
12 an 17 increase
13 age 17 increase
14 specific 15 ,
14 specific 17 increase
16 nonlinear 17 increase
17 increase 20 similar
17 increase 27 values
18 , 20 similar
20 similar 21 to
20 similar 24 )
21 to 23 law
22 gompertz 23 law
25 , 27 values
26 higher 27 values
27 values 28 in
27 values 32 associations
27 values 40 mortality
27 values 41 )
28 in 29 females
30 , 32 associations
31 strong 32 associations
32 associations 33 with
32 associations 37 e.g
32 associations 39 ,
33 with 35 outcomes
34 adverse 35 outcomes
36 ( 37 e.g
37 e.g 39 ,
39 , 40 mortality
40 mortality 41 )
42 , 43 and
43 and 46 limit
44 a 46 limit
45 universal 46 limit
47 to 49 increase
48 its 49 increase
50 ( 51 at
51 at 53 ~0.7
51 at 54 )
52 fi 53 ~0.7

these features have been demonstrated in dozens of studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 these 2 features
2 features 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 in
6 in 9 studies
7 dozens 8 of
7 dozens 9 studies
8 of 9 studies

even so , little is known about the origin of deficit accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 even 2 so
1 even 3 ,
1 even 4 little
2 so 3 ,
4 little 5 is
5 is 6 known
6 known 7 about
7 about 9 origin
8 the 9 origin
9 origin 10 of
10 of 12 accumulation
11 deficit 12 accumulation

here , we apply a stochastic dynamics framework to [illustrate] that the average number of deficits present in an individual is the product of the average intensity of the environmental stresses and the average recovery time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 apply
4 apply 8 framework
5 a 8 framework
6 stochastic 8 framework
7 dynamics 8 framework
8 framework 9 to
8 framework 14 number
8 framework 21 is
9 to 11 that
12 the 14 number
13 average 14 number
14 number 15 of
14 number 17 present
14 number 21 is
15 of 16 deficits
17 present 18 in
18 in 20 individual
19 an 20 individual
21 is 36 time
22 the 23 product
23 product 24 of
23 product 32 and
24 of 27 intensity
25 the 27 intensity
26 average 27 intensity
27 intensity 28 of
28 of 31 stresses
29 the 31 stresses
30 environmental 31 stresses
32 and 34 average
32 and 36 time
33 the 34 average
35 recovery 36 time

the age [-] associated increase in recovery time results in the accumulation of deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 5 increase
2 age 4 associated
4 associated 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 9 results
6 in 8 time
7 recovery 8 time
9 results 10 in
10 in 12 accumulation
11 the 12 accumulation
12 accumulation 13 of
13 of 14 deficits

this not only [explains] why the number of deficits can be used to estimate individual differences in aging rates , but also suggests that targeting the recovery rate ( e.g [.] by preventive or therapeutic interventions ) will decrease the number of deficits that individuals accumulate and thereby benefit life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 not
2 not 3 only
2 not 9 deficits
2 not 12 used
5 why 9 deficits
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 deficits
8 of 9 deficits
9 deficits 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 used
12 used 13 to
13 to 14 estimate
14 estimate 16 differences
14 estimate 21 but
15 individual 16 differences
16 differences 17 in
16 differences 21 but
17 in 18 aging
19 rates 21 but
20 , 21 but
21 but 23 suggests
22 also 23 suggests
23 suggests 24 that
24 that 25 targeting
24 that 39 decrease
25 targeting 28 rate
25 targeting 38 will
26 the 28 rate
27 recovery 28 rate
28 rate 30 e.g
29 ( 30 e.g
30 e.g 32 by
30 e.g 37 )
32 by 36 interventions
33 preventive 34 or
34 or 35 therapeutic
34 or 36 interventions
38 will 39 decrease
39 decrease 47 and
40 the 41 number
41 number 42 of
41 number 47 and
42 of 43 deficits
43 deficits 44 that
43 deficits 46 accumulate
44 that 45 individuals
44 that 46 accumulate
45 individuals 46 accumulate
47 and 48 thereby
47 and 51 expectancy
47 and 52 .
49 benefit 50 life
50 life 51 expectancy

human and mouse alkaline phosphatases ( ap ) are encoded by a multigene family expressed ubiquitously in multiple tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 encoded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 human 2 and
2 and 5 phosphatases
2 and 7 ap
2 and 9 are
3 mouse 5 phosphatases
4 alkaline 5 phosphatases
6 ( 7 ap
7 ap 8 )
9 are 10 encoded
10 encoded 11 by
10 encoded 17 in
11 by 14 family
12 a 14 family
13 multigene 14 family
14 family 15 expressed
15 expressed 16 ubiquitously
17 in 19 tissues
18 multiple 19 tissues

gene knockout [(] [ko] [ )(findings have helped define some of the precise exocytic functions of individual isozymes in bone [,] teeth , the central nervous system , and in the gut . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 define
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 gene 6 )(findings
2 knockout 6 )(findings
6 )(findings 7 have
7 have 8 helped
8 helped 9 define
9 define 15 functions
10 some 11 of
10 some 15 functions
11 of 15 functions
12 the 15 functions
13 precise 15 functions
14 exocytic 15 functions
15 functions 16 of
16 of 18 isozymes
17 individual 18 isozymes
18 isozymes 29 and
19 in 22 teeth
19 in 29 and
20 bone 22 teeth
22 teeth 27 system
23 , 27 system
24 the 27 system
25 central 27 system
26 nervous 27 system
27 system 28 ,
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 in
30 in 32 gut
31 the 32 gut

[for] instance , [deficiency] in tissue - nonspecific alkaline phosphatase ( tnap ) in mice ( alpl [(] - [/] [-] [ )(mice [ )(and humans leads to hypophosphatasia ( hpp ) , [an] inborn error of metabolism characterized by epileptic seizures in the most severe cases , caused by abnormal metabolism of pyridoxal - 5 ['] - phosphate [(] the predominant form of vitamin b6 [ )( by hypomineralization of the skeleton and teeth featuring rickets and early loss of teeth in children or osteomalacia and dental problems in adults caused by accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate ( ppi [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instance
2 instance 5 in
2 instance 10 phosphatase
2 instance 14 in
3 , 5 in
5 in 6 tissue
5 in 7 -
8 nonspecific 10 phosphatase
9 alkaline 10 phosphatase
10 phosphatase 12 tnap
11 ( 12 tnap
12 tnap 13 )
14 in 15 mice
15 mice 19 -
16 ( 19 -
17 alpl 19 -
19 - 25 )(and
23 )(mice 25 )(and
25 )(and 27 leads
26 humans 27 leads
27 leads 28 to
27 leads 37 of
28 to 36 error
29 hypophosphatasia 31 hpp
29 hypophosphatasia 33 ,
29 hypophosphatasia 36 error
30 ( 31 hpp
31 hpp 32 )
35 inborn 36 error
37 of 38 metabolism
38 metabolism 39 characterized
38 metabolism 49 caused
39 characterized 40 by
40 by 42 seizures
41 epileptic 42 seizures
42 seizures 43 in
43 in 47 cases
44 the 47 cases
45 most 46 severe
46 severe 47 cases
48 , 49 caused
49 caused 50 by
50 by 52 metabolism
51 abnormal 52 metabolism
52 metabolism 53 of
53 of 59 phosphate
54 pyridoxal 56 5
54 pyridoxal 59 phosphate
55 - 56 5
56 5 58 -
59 phosphate 62 predominant
59 phosphate 63 form
59 phosphate 64 of
61 the 62 predominant
62 predominant 63 form
64 of 66 b6
65 vitamin 66 b6
66 b6 69 by
66 b6 71 of
66 b6 76 featuring
69 by 70 hypomineralization
71 of 74 and
72 the 73 skeleton
73 skeleton 74 and
74 and 75 teeth
76 featuring 78 and
76 featuring 83 in
77 rickets 78 and
78 and 80 loss
78 and 81 of
79 early 80 loss
81 of 82 teeth
83 in 87 and
84 children 85 or
85 or 86 osteomalacia
85 or 87 and
87 and 89 problems
88 dental 89 problems
89 problems 90 in
90 in 91 adults
91 adults 92 caused
91 adults 99 ppi
92 caused 93 by
93 by 94 accumulation
94 accumulation 95 of
95 of 97 pyrophosphate
96 inorganic 97 pyrophosphate
98 ( 99 ppi
99 ppi 101 )(

enzyme replacement therapy with mineral [-] targeting tnap prevented all the manifestations of hpp in mice , and clinical trials with this protein therapeutic are showing promising results in rescuing life - threatening hpp in infants . 
1 enzyme 2 replacement
2 replacement 3 therapy
2 replacement 9 prevented
2 replacement 25 are
3 therapy 4 with
3 therapy 9 prevented
4 with 8 tnap
5 mineral 8 tnap
7 targeting 8 tnap
9 prevented 10 all
9 prevented 21 with
10 all 11 the
10 all 20 trials
11 the 12 manifestations
12 manifestations 13 of
12 manifestations 18 and
13 of 14 hpp
14 hpp 15 in
15 in 16 mice
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 clinical
18 and 20 trials
21 with 23 protein
21 with 24 therapeutic
22 this 23 protein
25 are 28 results
25 are 29 in
26 showing 28 results
27 promising 28 results
29 in 30 rescuing
30 rescuing 31 life
31 life 34 hpp
32 - 34 hpp
33 threatening 34 hpp
34 hpp 35 in
34 hpp 37 .
35 in 36 infants

conversely , tnap induction in the vasculature during generalized arterial calcification of infancy ( gaci ) , type ii [diabetes] , obesity , and aging can cause medial vascular calcification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 24 and
3 tnap 4 induction
4 induction 5 in
4 induction 24 and
5 in 7 vasculature
6 the 7 vasculature
7 vasculature 8 during
8 during 11 calcification
9 generalized 11 calcification
10 arterial 11 calcification
11 calcification 12 of
12 of 13 infancy
13 infancy 15 gaci
13 infancy 18 type
14 ( 15 gaci
15 gaci 16 )
17 , 18 type
18 type 19 ii
18 type 22 obesity
18 type 23 ,
21 , 22 obesity
22 obesity 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 can
24 and 27 cause
25 aging 26 can
27 cause 30 calcification
28 medial 30 calcification
29 vascular 30 calcification

tnap inhibitors , discussed extensively in this book , are in development to prevent pathological arterial calcification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 tnap 2 inhibitors
2 inhibitors 4 discussed
2 inhibitors 10 are
3 , 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 extensively
4 discussed 6 in
4 discussed 9 ,
6 in 8 book
7 this 8 book
10 are 11 in
10 are 13 to
11 in 12 development
13 to 14 prevent
14 prevent 17 calcification
15 pathological 17 calcification
16 arterial 17 calcification

the brush border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase ( iap ) plays an important role in fatty acid ( fa ) absorption , [in] protecting gut barrier function , and [in] [determining] the composition of the gut microbiota via its ability to dephosphorylate lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 phosphatase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 7 phosphatase
2 brush 4 enzyme
3 border 4 enzyme
4 enzyme 7 phosphatase
5 intestinal 7 phosphatase
6 alkaline 7 phosphatase
7 phosphatase 9 iap
7 phosphatase 11 plays
8 ( 9 iap
9 iap 10 )
11 plays 14 role
11 plays 15 in
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 role
13 important 14 role
15 in 29 and
16 fatty 21 absorption
17 acid 19 fa
17 acid 21 absorption
18 ( 19 fa
19 fa 20 )
21 absorption 22 ,
22 , 27 function
22 , 29 and
24 protecting 27 function
25 gut 27 function
26 barrier 27 function
28 , 29 and
29 and 33 composition
29 and 34 of
29 and 37 microbiota
29 and 45 lps
32 the 33 composition
34 of 36 gut
35 the 36 gut
37 microbiota 38 via
37 microbiota 41 to
37 microbiota 42 dephosphorylate
38 via 40 ability
39 its 40 ability
41 to 42 dephosphorylate
42 dephosphorylate 43 lipopolysaccharide
44 ( 45 lps
45 lps 46 )

knockout mice ( akp3 [(] - [/] - [ )( )(deficient in duodenal - specific iap ( diap ) become obese , and develop hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis [when] fed a high - fat diet ( hfd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 knockout 2 mice
2 mice 4 akp3
2 mice 11 )(deficient
2 mice 23 and
3 ( 4 akp3
4 akp3 6 -
8 - 11 )(deficient
11 )(deficient 12 in
11 )(deficient 19 )
12 in 16 iap
13 duodenal 14 -
13 duodenal 16 iap
15 specific 16 iap
16 iap 18 diap
17 ( 18 diap
18 diap 19 )
20 become 21 obese
20 become 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 develop
24 develop 25 hyperlipidemia
26 and 28 steatosis
26 and 30 fed
27 hepatic 28 steatosis
28 steatosis 30 fed
30 fed 35 diet
31 a 32 high
31 a 35 diet
32 high 33 -
32 high 35 diet
34 fat 35 diet
35 diet 37 hfd
36 ( 37 hfd
37 hfd 38 )

akp3 [(] - [/] - [ )(mice display gut dysbiosis [and] are more prone to dextran sodium sulfate [-] induced colitis than wild - type mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 akp3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
3 - 5 -
3 - 18 sulfate
5 - 7 )(mice
7 )(mice 10 dysbiosis
7 )(mice 12 are
7 )(mice 14 prone
7 )(mice 18 sulfate
8 display 10 dysbiosis
9 gut 10 dysbiosis
10 dysbiosis 12 are
12 are 13 more
14 prone 15 to
15 to 17 sodium
16 dextran 17 sodium
18 sulfate 21 colitis
18 sulfate 22 than
20 induced 21 colitis
22 than 26 mice
23 wild 24 -
23 wild 25 type
25 type 26 mice

[of] relevance , oral administration of recombinant calf iap prevents the dysbiosis and protects the gut from chronic colitis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
3 , 5 administration
3 , 13 and
4 oral 5 administration
5 administration 6 of
5 administration 13 and
6 of 9 iap
7 recombinant 9 iap
8 calf 9 iap
10 prevents 12 dysbiosis
10 prevents 13 and
11 the 12 dysbiosis
13 and 14 protects
14 protects 16 gut
15 the 16 gut
16 gut 17 from
17 from 19 colitis
18 chronic 19 colitis

analogous to the role of iap in the gut , tnap expression in the liver may have a proactive role from bacterial endotoxin insult . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 analogous 2 to
1 analogous 7 in
1 analogous 10 ,
1 analogous 12 expression
2 to 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
5 of 6 iap
7 in 9 gut
8 the 9 gut
11 tnap 12 expression
12 expression 13 in
12 expression 16 may
13 in 15 liver
14 the 15 liver
16 may 17 have
17 have 20 role
18 a 19 proactive
18 a 20 role
19 proactive 20 role
20 role 21 from
21 from 24 insult
22 bacterial 23 endotoxin
23 endotoxin 24 insult

finally , more recent studies suggest that neuronal death in alzheimer 's disease may also be associated with tnap function on certain brain - specific phosphoproteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 5 studies
3 more 4 recent
4 recent 5 studies
5 studies 6 suggest
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 9 death
7 that 20 function
8 neuronal 9 death
9 death 10 in
9 death 13 disease
9 death 16 be
9 death 17 associated
10 in 12 's
11 alzheimer 12 's
13 disease 14 may
14 may 16 be
15 also 16 be
17 associated 18 with
18 with 19 tnap
20 function 21 on
21 on 23 brain
22 certain 23 brain
24 - 26 phosphoproteins
25 specific 26 phosphoproteins

this review recounts the established roles of tnap and iap and briefly discusses new areas of investigation related to multisystemic functions of these isozymes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 11 and
2 review 16 of
2 review 18 related
3 recounts 6 roles
3 recounts 11 and
4 the 6 roles
5 established 6 roles
6 roles 7 of
7 of 10 iap
8 tnap 9 and
9 and 10 iap
11 and 13 discusses
11 and 15 areas
12 briefly 13 discusses
14 new 15 areas
16 of 17 investigation
18 related 19 to
19 to 21 functions
20 multisystemic 21 functions
21 functions 22 of
22 of 24 isozymes
23 these 24 isozymes

the aging u.s . population will approach 20 % of the total population by 2030 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 u.s
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .
1 the 3 u.s
2 aging 3 u.s
4 . 5 population
4 . 7 approach
4 . 16 .
5 population 6 will
6 will 7 approach
7 approach 9 %
7 approach 14 by
8 20 9 %
9 % 10 of
10 of 13 population
11 the 13 population
12 total 13 population
14 by 15 2030

the number of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease is anticipated to [increase] accordingly bringing the burden of multiple comorbidities , polypharmacy with drug interactions , the aging immune system , and extended social and financial issues to overall management of an already challenging management of these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 anticipated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 6 with
2 number 10 is
3 of 5 patients
4 older 5 patients
6 with 9 disease
7 inflammatory 8 bowel
8 bowel 9 disease
10 is 11 anticipated
11 anticipated 12 to
12 to 15 bringing
14 accordingly 15 bringing
15 bringing 17 burden
16 the 17 burden
17 burden 18 of
17 burden 22 polypharmacy
18 of 20 comorbidities
19 multiple 20 comorbidities
21 , 22 polypharmacy
22 polypharmacy 23 with
22 polypharmacy 26 ,
23 with 25 interactions
24 drug 25 interactions
26 , 35 and
27 the 30 system
28 aging 30 system
29 immune 30 system
30 system 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 social
32 and 35 and
33 extended 34 social
35 and 37 issues
35 and 38 to
35 and 41 of
36 financial 37 issues
38 to 40 management
39 overall 40 management
41 of 45 management
42 an 45 management
43 already 44 challenging
44 challenging 45 management
45 management 46 of
46 of 48 patients
47 these 48 patients

[each] of these concerns [is] measured by the metric of distinguishing the " fit versus frail " [elderly] and will be discussed in this review with an emphasis on a practical guide to therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 fit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 of 4 concerns
2 of 14 fit
3 these 4 concerns
4 concerns 6 measured
6 measured 7 by
7 by 9 metric
8 the 9 metric
10 of 11 distinguishing
10 of 14 fit
12 the 13 "
12 the 14 fit
14 fit 15 versus
14 fit 21 be
15 versus 19 and
16 frail 17 "
16 frail 19 and
19 and 20 will
21 be 22 discussed
22 discussed 23 in
22 discussed 33 to
23 in 25 review
24 this 25 review
25 review 26 with
26 with 28 emphasis
27 an 28 emphasis
28 emphasis 29 on
29 on 32 guide
30 a 31 practical
30 a 32 guide
31 practical 32 guide
33 to 34 therapy

dna methylation is an important epigenetic modification and is frequently altered in cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 dna 2 methylation
2 methylation 8 and
3 is 7 modification
3 is 8 and
4 an 5 important
4 an 7 modification
5 important 7 modification
6 epigenetic 7 modification
8 and 9 is
9 is 11 altered
10 frequently 11 altered
11 altered 12 in
12 in 13 cancer

convert of 5 - methylcytosine ( 5 mc ) to 5 - hydroxymethylcytosine ( 5 hmc ) by ten - eleven translocation ( tet ) family [enzymes] plays important biological functions in embryonic stem cells , development , aging and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 family
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 convert 26 family
2 of 3 5
2 of 26 family
3 5 5 methylcytosine
4 - 5 methylcytosine
5 methylcytosine 8 mc
5 methylcytosine 9 )
6 ( 8 mc
7 5 8 mc
8 mc 9 )
10 to 11 5
10 to 26 family
11 5 13 hydroxymethylcytosine
12 - 13 hydroxymethylcytosine
13 hydroxymethylcytosine 16 hmc
13 hydroxymethylcytosine 17 )
14 ( 16 hmc
15 5 16 hmc
16 hmc 17 )
18 by 19 ten
18 by 26 family
19 ten 22 translocation
20 - 22 translocation
21 eleven 22 translocation
22 translocation 24 tet
22 translocation 25 )
23 ( 24 tet
24 tet 25 )
26 family 28 plays
28 plays 40 and
29 important 31 functions
30 biological 31 functions
31 functions 32 in
31 functions 39 aging
31 functions 40 and
32 in 35 cells
33 embryonic 35 cells
34 stem 35 cells
35 cells 37 development
36 , 37 development
37 development 38 ,
40 and 41 disease

recent reports showed that level of 5 hmc was altered in various types of cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 recent 2 reports
2 reports 3 showed
3 showed 5 level
3 showed 8 hmc
3 showed 10 altered
4 that 5 level
5 level 6 of
6 of 7 5
8 hmc 9 was
9 was 10 altered
10 altered 11 in
11 in 15 cancers
12 various 13 types
13 types 14 of
13 types 15 cancers
14 of 15 cancers

however , the change of 5 hmc level in hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) and association [with] clinical outcome were not well defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 15 and
3 the 4 change
4 change 5 of
4 change 8 level
4 change 15 and
5 of 7 hmc
6 5 7 hmc
8 level 9 in
9 in 11 carcinoma
10 hepatocellular 11 carcinoma
11 carcinoma 13 hcc
12 ( 13 hcc
13 hcc 14 )
15 and 19 outcome
15 and 20 were
16 association 19 outcome
18 clinical 19 outcome
20 were 21 not
20 were 22 well
22 well 23 defined

here , we reported that level of 5 hmc was decreased in hcc tissues , as compared with [non] - tumor tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 reported
4 reported 6 level
5 that 6 level
6 level 7 of
7 of 8 5
8 5 9 hmc
8 5 18 with
9 hmc 10 was
10 was 11 decreased
11 decreased 12 in
11 decreased 16 as
12 in 14 tissues
13 hcc 14 tissues
15 , 16 as
16 as 17 compared
17 compared 18 with
20 - 22 tissues
20 - 23 .
21 tumor 22 tissues

clincopathological analysis showed the decreased level of 5 hmc in hcc was associated with tumor size , afp level and poor overall survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 clincopathological 13 associated
1 clincopathological 14 with
1 clincopathological 17 ,
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 6 level
3 showed 11 hcc
3 showed 13 associated
4 the 6 level
5 decreased 6 level
6 level 7 of
7 of 10 in
8 5 10 in
9 hmc 10 in
11 hcc 12 was
12 was 13 associated
14 with 16 size
15 tumor 16 size
17 , 19 level
17 , 20 and
18 afp 19 level
20 and 23 survival
21 poor 22 overall
22 overall 23 survival

we also found that the decreased level of 5 hmc [in] [non] - tumor tissues was associated with tumor recurrence in the first year after surgical resection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 7 level
4 that 17 associated
5 the 7 level
6 decreased 7 level
7 level 8 of
7 level 16 was
8 of 15 tissues
9 5 15 tissues
10 hmc 13 -
10 hmc 15 tissues
14 tumor 15 tissues
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 21 in
18 with 20 recurrence
19 tumor 20 recurrence
21 in 24 year
22 the 23 first
22 the 24 year
24 year 25 after
25 after 27 resection
26 surgical 27 resection

in an animal model with carcinogen den - induced hcc , we found that the level of 5 hmc was gradually decreased in the livers during the period of induction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 4 model
1 in 11 ,
1 in 12 we
2 an 4 model
3 animal 4 model
4 model 5 with
5 with 7 den
6 carcinogen 7 den
7 den 10 hcc
8 - 10 hcc
9 induced 10 hcc
10 hcc 11 ,
12 we 13 found
13 found 14 that
14 that 16 level
14 that 22 decreased
15 the 16 level
16 level 17 of
16 level 20 was
17 of 19 hmc
18 5 19 hmc
20 was 21 gradually
20 was 22 decreased
22 decreased 23 in
23 in 25 livers
24 the 25 livers
25 livers 26 during
25 livers 29 of
26 during 28 period
27 the 28 period
29 of 30 induction

there was further reduction of 5 hmc in tumor tissues when tumors were developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 reduction
3 further 4 reduction
4 reduction 5 of
4 reduction 11 when
5 of 10 tissues
6 5 8 in
7 hmc 8 in
8 in 9 tumor
9 tumor 10 tissues
11 when 12 tumors
11 when 14 developed
12 tumors 13 were
13 were 14 developed

in contrast , level of 5 mc was increased in hcc tissues and the increased 5 mc level was associated with capsular invasion , vascular thrombosis , tumor recurrence and overall survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 3 ,
3 , 23 invasion
3 , 24 ,
4 level 5 of
4 level 9 increased
4 level 13 and
5 of 6 5
6 5 7 mc
6 5 8 was
7 mc 8 was
9 increased 10 in
10 in 12 tissues
11 hcc 12 tissues
13 and 17 mc
13 and 18 level
13 and 21 with
13 and 23 invasion
14 the 17 mc
15 increased 17 mc
16 5 17 mc
18 level 19 was
19 was 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
22 capsular 23 invasion
24 , 26 thrombosis
24 , 27 ,
25 vascular 26 thrombosis
27 , 29 recurrence
27 , 30 and
28 tumor 29 recurrence
30 and 32 survival
31 overall 32 survival

furthermore , our data showed that expression of tet1 , but not tet2 and tet3 , was downregulated in hcc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 16 ,
5 showed 11 but
5 showed 14 and
5 showed 16 ,
6 that 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 11 but
8 of 9 tet1
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 not
11 but 13 tet2
14 and 15 tet3
16 , 17 was
17 was 18 downregulated
18 downregulated 19 in
19 in 20 hcc

taken together , our data indicated 5 hmc may be served as a prognostic marker for hcc and the decreased expression of tet1 is [likely] one of the mechanisms underlying 5 hmc loss in hcc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 data
4 our 5 data
5 data 6 indicated
6 indicated 7 5
6 indicated 11 served
7 5 8 hmc
7 5 10 be
7 5 11 served
8 hmc 9 may
9 may 10 be
11 served 12 as
12 as 15 marker
13 a 15 marker
14 prognostic 15 marker
15 marker 16 for
16 for 17 hcc
18 and 21 expression
18 and 24 is
19 the 21 expression
20 decreased 21 expression
21 expression 22 of
21 expression 24 is
22 of 23 tet1
24 is 26 one
24 is 34 in
26 one 27 of
27 of 29 mechanisms
28 the 29 mechanisms
29 mechanisms 30 underlying
30 underlying 33 loss
31 5 33 loss
32 hmc 33 loss
34 in 35 hcc

the study was designed to evaluate the acceptance of the self [-] rated version of the standardized assessment of elderly people in primary care in europe ( step ) by patients and general practitioners , as well as the feasibility , comprehensibility , and usefulness in gaining new information . 
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 designed
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 22 in
4 designed 25 in
4 designed 38 as
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 8 acceptance
7 the 8 acceptance
8 acceptance 9 of
8 acceptance 15 of
8 acceptance 19 of
9 of 14 version
10 the 14 version
11 self 14 version
13 rated 14 version
15 of 18 assessment
16 the 18 assessment
17 standardized 18 assessment
19 of 21 people
20 elderly 21 people
22 in 24 care
23 primary 24 care
25 in 32 and
26 europe 28 step
26 europe 30 by
26 europe 32 and
27 ( 28 step
28 step 29 )
30 by 31 patients
32 and 34 practitioners
32 and 35 ,
33 general 34 practitioners
36 as 37 well
37 well 38 as
38 as 44 and
39 the 40 feasibility
40 feasibility 41 ,
41 , 42 comprehensibility
41 , 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 usefulness
44 and 50 .
45 usefulness 46 in
46 in 47 gaining
47 gaining 49 information
48 new 49 information

in all , 1007 of 1540 patients aged 65 and above , from 28 different saxon general practices took part . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 1007
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 all
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 1007
4 1007 5 of
4 1007 8 aged
5 of 7 patients
6 1540 7 patients
8 aged 9 65
10 and 18 practices
10 and 20 part
11 above 12 ,
11 above 18 practices
13 from 14 28
13 from 18 practices
15 different 16 saxon
16 saxon 18 practices
17 general 18 practices
18 practices 20 part
19 took 20 part

we recognized that 96 % of the patients were able to fill in the questionnaire by themselves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 recognized
2 recognized 3 that
3 that 5 %
3 that 9 were
4 96 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 9 were
6 of 8 patients
7 the 8 patients
9 were 10 able
10 able 11 to
10 able 12 fill
11 to 12 fill
12 fill 13 in
12 fill 16 by
13 in 15 questionnaire
14 the 15 questionnaire
16 by 17 themselves

it took [them] an average of approximately 20 minutes to do so . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 took
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 it 2 took
2 took 5 average
2 took 10 to
4 an 5 average
5 average 6 of
6 of 9 minutes
7 approximately 8 20
8 20 9 minutes
10 to 11 do
11 do 12 so

further analysis of 257 randomly selected patients identified 281 previously unknown problems ( 1.1 per patient ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 further 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 8 identified
3 of 7 patients
4 257 7 patients
5 randomly 6 selected
6 selected 7 patients
8 identified 12 problems
9 281 12 problems
10 previously 11 unknown
11 unknown 12 problems
12 problems 14 1.1
13 ( 14 1.1
14 1.1 15 per
14 1.1 17 )
15 per 16 patient

in the practitioners ' opinion , 16 % of these problems , particularly physiological and mental ones , could lead to immediate consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 5 opinion
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 %
2 the 3 practitioners
3 practitioners 4 '
4 ' 5 opinion
7 16 8 %
8 % 9 of
8 % 19 could
9 of 11 problems
10 these 11 problems
11 problems 17 ones
12 , 13 particularly
12 , 17 ones
14 physiological 15 and
15 and 16 mental
15 and 17 ones
17 ones 18 ,
19 could 20 lead
20 lead 21 to
21 to 23 consequences
22 immediate 23 consequences

remarkably , newly identified psychosocial problems were not followed by any consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 6 problems
3 newly 4 identified
4 identified 6 problems
5 psychosocial 6 problems
6 problems 7 were
7 were 8 not
7 were 10 by
8 not 9 followed
10 by 12 consequences
11 any 12 consequences

fourteen of the 75 questionnaire items were not answered by more than 9 % of the participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fourteen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 answered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 fourteen 2 of
1 fourteen 7 were
2 of 6 items
3 the 4 75
4 75 6 items
5 questionnaire 6 items
7 were 8 not
7 were 9 answered
9 answered 10 by
10 by 14 %
11 more 12 than
12 than 13 9
13 9 14 %
14 % 15 of
15 of 17 participants
16 the 17 participants

eight of the 14 frequently unanswered items were marked as difficult to understand by the patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 marked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 eight 2 of
1 eight 9 marked
2 of 4 14
3 the 4 14
4 14 7 items
4 14 8 were
5 frequently 6 unanswered
6 unanswered 7 items
7 items 8 were
9 marked 11 difficult
10 as 11 difficult
11 difficult 12 to
11 difficult 13 understand
12 to 13 understand
13 understand 14 by
14 by 16 patients
15 the 16 patients

altogether the self [-] rating version of the step was found to be feasible and useful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 version
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 altogether 6 version
2 the 6 version
3 self 5 rating
5 rating 6 version
6 version 7 of
6 version 10 was
7 of 9 step
8 the 9 step
10 was 11 found
11 found 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 15 and
14 feasible 15 and
15 and 16 useful

it was well accepted among patients ; however , some questions need further review to improve their comprehensibility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 well
3 well 4 accepted
4 accepted 5 among
5 among 6 patients
7 ; 11 questions
7 ; 12 need
8 however 9 ,
8 however 11 questions
10 some 11 questions
11 questions 12 need
12 need 14 review
12 need 15 to
12 need 16 improve
13 further 14 review
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 18 comprehensibility
17 their 18 comprehensibility

furthermore , [it] [should] [be] [investigated] why some identified problems do not have consequences and whether there is a need to record these issues at all . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 10 problems
7 why 10 problems
8 some 10 problems
9 identified 10 problems
10 problems 11 do
11 do 12 not
11 do 13 have
13 have 15 and
13 have 25 at
14 consequences 15 and
15 and 16 whether
15 and 17 there
15 and 22 record
17 there 18 is
18 is 20 need
19 a 20 need
20 need 21 to
20 need 22 record
21 to 22 record
22 record 24 issues
23 these 24 issues
25 at 26 all

this paper investigates the relationship between the concept of activity ( including both professional and nonprofessional ) and cognitive functioning among older european individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 investigates
3 investigates 5 relationship
3 investigates 6 between
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 18 and
7 the 8 concept
8 concept 9 of
8 concept 18 and
9 of 10 activity
10 activity 12 including
11 ( 12 including
12 including 13 both
12 including 15 and
12 including 17 )
14 professional 15 and
15 and 16 nonprofessional
18 and 19 cognitive
18 and 20 functioning
20 functioning 21 among
21 among 24 individuals
22 older 23 european
23 european 24 individuals

in this research , we used data collected during the first wave of share ( survey on health , ageing and retirement in europe ) , and a measurement approach known as stochastic frontier analysis , derived from the economic literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 3 research
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 research
5 we 6 used
6 used 7 data
7 data 8 collected
7 data 13 of
8 collected 9 during
9 during 12 wave
10 the 11 first
10 the 12 wave
13 of 27 and
14 share 21 and
14 share 27 and
15 ( 21 and
16 survey 17 on
16 survey 19 ,
17 on 18 health
19 , 20 ageing
19 , 21 and
21 and 22 retirement
21 and 23 in
21 and 25 )
23 in 24 europe
26 , 27 and
27 and 35 analysis
27 and 36 ,
27 and 37 derived
28 a 29 measurement
28 a 35 analysis
29 measurement 35 analysis
30 approach 31 known
31 known 34 frontier
32 as 33 stochastic
33 stochastic 34 frontier
34 frontier 35 analysis
37 derived 38 from
38 from 41 literature
39 the 41 literature
40 economic 41 literature

share includes a large population ( n > 25,000 ) geographically distributed across europe , and analyzes several dimensions simultaneously , including physical and mental health activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 share
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 share 16 and
2 includes 5 population
2 includes 13 across
2 includes 16 and
3 a 4 large
3 a 5 population
4 large 5 population
5 population 8 >
5 population 12 distributed
6 ( 8 >
7 n 8 >
8 > 9 25,000
8 > 10 )
11 geographically 12 distributed
13 across 14 europe
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 analyzes
16 and 20 simultaneously
16 and 22 including
17 analyzes 19 dimensions
18 several 19 dimensions
21 , 22 including
22 including 27 activity
22 including 28 .
23 physical 24 and
24 and 25 mental
24 and 27 activity
26 health 27 activity

the main advantages of stochastic frontier analysis are that [it] allows estimation of parametric function relating cognitive scores and driving factors at the boundary and disentangles frontier noise and distance to frontier components , as well as testing the effect of potential factors on these distances simultaneously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 advantages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 advantages
3 advantages 4 of
3 advantages 8 are
4 of 7 analysis
5 stochastic 6 frontier
6 frontier 7 analysis
8 are 29 and
9 that 25 and
9 that 29 and
11 allows 12 estimation
11 allows 19 and
11 allows 25 and
12 estimation 13 of
13 of 16 relating
14 parametric 15 function
15 function 16 relating
17 cognitive 18 scores
18 scores 19 and
19 and 21 factors
19 and 22 at
20 driving 21 factors
22 at 24 boundary
23 the 24 boundary
25 and 26 disentangles
26 disentangles 28 noise
27 frontier 28 noise
29 and 30 distance
29 and 31 to
29 and 37 as
31 to 33 components
32 frontier 33 components
34 , 37 as
35 as 36 well
36 well 37 as
37 as 38 testing
37 as 48 .
38 testing 40 effect
38 testing 47 simultaneously
39 the 40 effect
40 effect 41 of
41 of 43 factors
42 potential 43 factors
43 factors 44 on
44 on 46 distances
45 these 46 distances

the analysis reveals that all activities are positively related to cognitive functioning in elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 reveals
3 reveals 4 that
4 that 6 activities
4 that 9 related
5 all 6 activities
6 activities 7 are
7 are 8 positively
7 are 9 related
9 related 10 to
9 related 13 in
10 to 12 functioning
11 cognitive 12 functioning
13 in 15 people
14 elderly 15 people

our results are discussed in terms of prevention of cognitive aging and alzheimer 's disease , and regarding the potential impact that some retirement programs might have on cognitive functioning in individuals across europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 in
4 discussed 33 across
5 in 17 and
6 terms 7 of
6 terms 12 and
7 of 8 prevention
8 prevention 9 of
9 of 11 aging
10 cognitive 11 aging
12 and 15 disease
12 and 17 and
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 regarding
17 and 21 impact
17 and 27 have
19 the 21 impact
20 potential 21 impact
21 impact 22 that
21 impact 25 programs
21 impact 26 might
22 that 24 retirement
22 that 25 programs
23 some 24 retirement
24 retirement 25 programs
26 might 27 have
27 have 28 on
27 have 31 in
28 on 30 functioning
29 cognitive 30 functioning
31 in 32 individuals
33 across 34 europe

context : the relationship between tsh and t₄ is thought to be inverse [log] - linear , but recent studies have challenged this . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 context 2 :
2 : 4 relationship
2 : 5 between
3 the 4 relationship
5 between 6 tsh
7 and 8 t₄
7 and 10 thought
8 t₄ 9 is
9 is 10 thought
10 thought 11 to
10 thought 20 studies
10 thought 22 challenged
11 to 12 be
13 inverse 15 -
13 inverse 20 studies
16 linear 18 but
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 recent
18 but 20 studies
20 studies 21 have
21 have 22 challenged
22 challenged 23 this

there are limited data regarding age and sex differences in the tsh - t₄ relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 there 2 are
2 are 7 and
3 limited 4 data
4 data 5 regarding
4 data 7 and
5 regarding 6 age
7 and 9 differences
7 and 10 in
8 sex 9 differences
10 in 12 tsh
11 the 12 tsh
13 - 15 relationship
13 - 16 .
14 t₄ 15 relationship

objective : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the tsh - free t₄ [relationship] in a large sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 7 study
4 purpose 10 evaluate
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 evaluate
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 tsh
11 the 12 tsh
13 - 14 free
14 free 15 t₄
14 free 17 in
17 in 20 sample
18 a 19 large
18 a 20 sample
19 large 20 sample

methods : in a cross - sectional , retrospective study , we analyzed tsh and free t₄ results from 152 261 subjects collected over 12 years by a single laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 12 we
2 : 15 and
3 in 5 cross
3 in 12 we
4 a 5 cross
5 cross 10 study
6 - 10 study
7 sectional 8 ,
7 sectional 10 study
9 retrospective 10 study
10 study 11 ,
12 we 15 and
13 analyzed 14 tsh
13 analyzed 15 and
15 and 16 free
15 and 24 over
15 and 27 by
16 free 18 results
17 t₄ 18 results
18 results 19 from
18 results 23 collected
19 from 22 subjects
20 152 22 subjects
21 261 22 subjects
24 over 26 years
25 12 26 years
27 by 30 laboratory
28 a 29 single
28 a 30 laboratory
29 single 30 laboratory

for each free t₄ value ( in picomoles per liter ) , the median tsh was calculated and analyzed by sex and age ( in 20 - year bands ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 tsh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 for 5 value
1 for 12 ,
1 for 15 tsh
2 each 5 value
3 free 5 value
4 t₄ 5 value
5 value 7 in
6 ( 7 in
7 in 8 picomoles
7 in 11 )
8 picomoles 9 per
9 per 10 liter
13 the 15 tsh
14 median 15 tsh
15 tsh 16 was
16 was 18 and
17 calculated 18 and
18 and 19 analyzed
18 and 20 by
20 by 22 and
21 sex 22 and
22 and 23 age
22 and 25 in
24 ( 25 in
25 in 26 20
25 in 30 )
26 20 29 bands
27 - 29 bands
28 year 29 bands
29 bands 30 )

results : the relationship between log tsh and free t₄ was nonlinear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 relationship
2 : 11 was
2 : 13 .
3 the 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 between
4 relationship 11 was
5 between 8 and
6 log 7 tsh
7 tsh 8 and
8 and 10 t₄
9 free 10 t₄
11 was 12 nonlinear

in contrast , in overt hypothyroidism ( n = 4403 ) , tsh was lower in older age groups than in those aged 20 - 39 years ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 14 was
2 contrast 4 in
3 , 4 in
4 in 6 hypothyroidism
4 in 12 ,
5 overt 6 hypothyroidism
6 hypothyroidism 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 4403
9 = 11 )
13 tsh 14 was
14 was 15 lower
15 lower 16 in
15 lower 20 than
16 in 19 groups
17 older 19 groups
18 age 19 groups
20 than 21 in
21 in 27 years
22 those 27 years
23 aged 27 years
24 20 25 -
25 - 26 39
25 - 27 years
27 years 30 <
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 32 001
30 < 33 )

conclusions : the tsh - free t₄ [relationship] is not [inverse] log - [linear] but can be described by 2 overlapping negative sigmoid curves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 tsh
3 the 4 tsh
5 - 7 t₄
5 - 15 but
6 free 7 t₄
7 t₄ 15 but
9 is 10 not
9 is 12 log
9 is 15 but
13 - 15 but
15 but 16 can
16 can 17 be
17 be 18 described
18 described 19 by
19 by 24 curves
20 2 24 curves
21 overlapping 24 curves
22 negative 24 curves
23 sigmoid 24 curves

at physiological free t₄ concentrations , tsh is higher in men and in older people , whereas the tsh response to hypothyroidism is more robust in younger people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tsh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
1 at 5 concentrations
1 at 6 ,
1 at 7 tsh
2 physiological 5 concentrations
3 free 5 concentrations
4 t₄ 5 concentrations
7 tsh 8 is
8 is 9 higher
9 higher 12 and
9 higher 17 whereas
10 in 11 men
10 in 12 and
12 and 13 in
13 in 15 people
14 older 15 people
16 , 17 whereas
17 whereas 20 response
17 whereas 23 is
17 whereas 29 .
18 the 20 response
19 tsh 20 response
20 response 21 to
20 response 23 is
21 to 22 hypothyroidism
23 is 25 robust
24 more 25 robust
25 robust 26 in
26 in 28 people
27 younger 28 people

these results advance understanding of the tsh - free t₄ relationship , which is central to thyroid pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis of thyroid disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 advance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 advance
3 advance 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
5 of 7 tsh
6 the 7 tsh
8 - 11 relationship
8 - 12 ,
9 free 10 t₄
10 t₄ 11 relationship
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 is
13 which 14 is
14 is 15 central
15 central 16 to
16 to 19 and
17 thyroid 18 pathophysiology
18 pathophysiology 19 and
19 and 21 diagnosis
20 laboratory 21 diagnosis
21 diagnosis 22 of
22 of 24 disease
23 thyroid 24 disease

the aim of this study was to address the intriguing issue of the role of the insulin - like growth [factor] ( igf ) - 1 system in longevity looking at the role of different components of igf [system] . 
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 address
7 to 8 address
8 address 11 issue
9 the 11 issue
10 intriguing 11 issue
11 issue 12 of
11 issue 15 of
12 of 14 role
13 the 14 role
15 of 17 insulin
16 the 17 insulin
17 insulin 19 like
18 - 19 like
19 like 20 growth
19 like 40 .
20 growth 23 igf
20 growth 27 system
22 ( 23 igf
23 igf 24 )
25 - 27 system
26 1 27 system
27 system 28 in
27 system 30 looking
27 system 34 of
27 system 37 of
27 system 40 .
28 in 29 longevity
30 looking 31 at
31 at 33 role
32 the 33 role
34 of 36 components
35 different 36 components
37 of 38 igf

vital status was ascertained in 1,197 men and women aged greater than or equal to 65 years from the inchianti study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 vital 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 13 or
4 ascertained 5 in
4 ascertained 8 and
4 ascertained 10 aged
4 ascertained 13 or
5 in 6 1,197
7 men 8 and
8 and 9 women
8 and 10 aged
10 aged 11 greater
11 greater 12 than
13 or 14 equal
14 equal 15 to
14 equal 21 study
15 to 17 years
16 65 17 years
17 years 18 from
18 from 20 inchianti
19 the 20 inchianti

hormonal levels were categorized into quartiles , and ratio of igf - 1 to igf - binding protein ( igfbp ) - 1 was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 calculated
1 hormonal 2 levels
2 levels 3 were
3 were 4 categorized
4 categorized 5 into
5 into 8 and
6 quartiles 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 ratio
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 igf
12 - 13 1
13 1 14 to
13 1 23 1
13 1 24 was
13 1 25 calculated
14 to 15 igf
15 igf 17 binding
16 - 17 binding
17 binding 18 protein
17 binding 21 )
18 protein 20 igfbp
19 ( 20 igfbp
20 igfbp 21 )
22 - 23 1
23 1 24 was
25 calculated 26 .

the relationship between hormones and mortality was tested by cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age , sex , and confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 7 was
3 between 5 and
4 hormones 5 and
5 and 6 mortality
7 was 20 and
8 tested 9 by
8 tested 13 models
8 tested 14 adjusted
8 tested 20 and
9 by 10 cox
11 proportional 12 hazard
12 hazard 13 models
13 models 14 adjusted
14 adjusted 15 for
15 for 16 age
16 age 18 sex
17 , 18 sex
18 sex 19 ,
20 and 21 confounders

during the 8 - [year] follow - up period , 240 died and 957 survived . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 during 3 8
1 during 4 -
1 during 6 follow
2 the 3 8
6 follow 8 up
7 - 8 up
8 up 9 period
8 up 10 ,
10 , 11 240
10 , 12 died
10 , 13 and
11 240 12 died
13 and 14 957
13 and 15 survived
14 957 15 survived

[lowest] quartiles of igf - 1 and [igfbp] - 1 were considered as reference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quartiles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 quartiles 3 of
2 quartiles 11 were
3 of 4 igf
4 igf 7 and
5 - 6 1
6 1 7 and
7 and 10 1
9 - 10 1
11 were 12 considered
12 considered 13 as
13 as 14 reference

compared with the lowest quartiles , igf - 1 in upper quartiles was a negative predictor of mortality independent of age and sex ( p = [.] 01 [ )(but not independent of igfbp - 1 [and] other confounders . 
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 7 igf
2 with 4 lowest
2 with 5 quartiles
3 the 4 lowest
7 igf 11 upper
7 igf 12 quartiles
7 igf 13 was
8 - 9 1
9 1 10 in
10 in 11 upper
11 upper 12 quartiles
13 was 16 predictor
14 a 15 negative
14 a 16 predictor
15 negative 16 predictor
16 predictor 17 of
16 predictor 26 =
17 of 19 independent
18 mortality 19 independent
19 independent 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 age 22 and
22 and 23 sex
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 28 01
28 01 30 )(but
28 01 33 of
30 )(but 31 not
31 not 32 independent
33 of 34 igfbp
34 igfbp 39 confounders
35 - 39 confounders
36 1 38 other
38 other 39 confounders
39 confounders 40 .

igfbp - 1 in second [-] third quartiles was negatively associated and that in the fourth quartiles was positively associated with risk of death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 igfbp 2 -
1 igfbp 3 1
3 1 4 in
3 1 9 was
4 in 8 quartiles
5 second 8 quartiles
7 third 8 quartiles
9 was 11 associated
10 negatively 11 associated
12 and 13 that
12 and 20 associated
13 that 14 in
13 that 18 was
14 in 17 quartiles
15 the 16 fourth
15 the 17 quartiles
18 was 19 positively
18 was 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 24 death

igf - 1/igfbp - 1 ratio in the lowest quartiles was a strong positive predictor of mortality , in age - and sex - adjusted [model] ( p = [.] 005 ) , and independent of additional confounders ( p = [.] 037 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
1 igf 2 -
1 igf 6 ratio
3 1/igfbp 4 -
3 1/igfbp 6 ratio
5 1 6 ratio
6 ratio 7 in
6 ratio 11 was
7 in 10 quartiles
8 the 9 lowest
8 the 10 quartiles
11 was 15 predictor
12 a 13 strong
12 a 15 predictor
13 strong 15 predictor
14 positive 15 predictor
15 predictor 16 of
15 predictor 19 in
16 of 17 mortality
18 , 19 in
19 in 34 and
19 in 45 .
20 age 22 and
21 - 22 and
22 and 23 sex
22 and 25 adjusted
22 and 34 and
24 - 25 adjusted
25 adjusted 29 =
25 adjusted 33 ,
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 31 005
29 = 32 )
34 and 35 independent
34 and 36 of
34 and 41 =
36 of 38 confounders
37 additional 38 confounders
39 ( 41 =
40 p 41 =
41 = 43 037
41 = 44 )

high igfbp - 1 and low igf - 1/igfbp - 1 ratio [are] associated with all - cause mortality in older population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 igfbp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 high 2 igfbp
3 - 4 1
3 - 5 and
5 and 7 igf
5 and 18 cause
6 low 7 igf
7 igf 9 1/igfbp
7 igf 12 ratio
7 igf 18 cause
8 - 9 1/igfbp
9 1/igfbp 10 -
10 - 12 ratio
11 1 12 ratio
12 ratio 14 associated
12 ratio 17 -
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 all
18 cause 19 mortality
18 cause 20 in
20 in 22 population
21 older 22 population

background : a device to assist in the delivery of dermal filler may achieve reductions in patient discomfort and adverse events , as well physician fatigue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 device
2 : 14 achieve
2 : 27 .
3 a 4 device
4 device 5 to
4 device 6 assist
4 device 13 may
5 to 6 assist
6 assist 7 in
7 in 9 delivery
8 the 9 delivery
9 delivery 10 of
10 of 12 filler
11 dermal 12 filler
13 may 14 achieve
14 achieve 15 reductions
14 achieve 16 in
14 achieve 23 as
16 in 19 and
17 patient 18 discomfort
18 discomfort 19 and
19 and 21 events
19 and 22 ,
20 adverse 21 events
23 as 26 fatigue
24 well 26 fatigue
25 physician 26 fatigue

it may also increase the accuracy of material placement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 it 2 may
2 may 4 increase
3 also 4 increase
4 increase 6 accuracy
5 the 6 accuracy
6 accuracy 7 of
7 of 9 placement
8 material 9 placement

objectives : the authors assess the safety and performance of the artiste assisted injection system ( nordson micromedics , st paul , minnesota ) in normal therapeutic use compared with the standard manual administration of dermal fillers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 authors
2 : 5 assess
2 : 8 and
2 : 38 .
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 assess
5 assess 7 safety
6 the 7 safety
8 and 9 performance
8 and 29 compared
9 performance 10 of
9 performance 25 in
9 performance 29 compared
10 of 15 system
11 the 15 system
12 artiste 13 assisted
13 assisted 14 injection
14 injection 15 system
15 system 21 paul
16 ( 21 paul
17 nordson 18 micromedics
18 micromedics 20 st
19 , 20 st
20 st 21 paul
21 paul 23 minnesota
21 paul 24 )
22 , 23 minnesota
23 minnesota 24 )
25 in 28 use
26 normal 28 use
27 therapeutic 28 use
29 compared 30 with
30 with 34 administration
31 the 34 administration
32 standard 34 administration
33 manual 34 administration
34 administration 35 of
35 of 37 fillers
36 dermal 37 fillers

methods : at 3 study sites , a total of 52 patients ( 48 women and 4 men ) received bilateral full - correction injections of dermal fillers into randomized nasolabial folds ( nlf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 6 sites
2 : 20 received
3 at 4 3
3 at 6 sites
5 study 6 sites
6 sites 9 total
6 sites 20 received
7 , 9 total
8 a 9 total
9 total 10 of
9 total 19 )
10 of 12 patients
11 52 12 patients
12 patients 16 and
13 ( 16 and
14 48 15 women
15 women 16 and
16 and 18 men
16 and 19 )
17 4 18 men
20 received 25 injections
21 bilateral 25 injections
22 full 23 -
22 full 25 injections
24 correction 25 injections
25 injections 26 of
25 injections 29 into
25 injections 34 nlf
26 of 28 fillers
27 dermal 28 fillers
29 into 32 folds
30 randomized 32 folds
31 nasolabial 32 folds
33 ( 34 nlf
34 nlf 35 )

injection into 1 nlf was made via artiste , and injection into the other nlf was made via manual delivery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 injection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 injection 2 into
1 injection 6 made
1 injection 16 was
2 into 3 1
3 1 4 nlf
3 1 5 was
4 nlf 5 was
6 made 7 via
6 made 12 into
7 via 10 and
8 artiste 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 injection
12 into 15 nlf
13 the 14 other
14 other 15 nlf
16 was 17 made
17 made 18 via
18 via 20 delivery
19 manual 20 delivery

immediately posttreatment and through 29 days , physician investigators , patients , and blinded evaluators recorded treatment durations and volumes , evaluated designated posttreatment characteristics using questionnaires , and documented adverse events ( ae ) and differences in cosmetic effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 immediately 13 and
2 posttreatment 3 and
3 and 6 days
3 and 11 patients
3 and 13 and
4 through 6 days
5 29 6 days
6 days 9 investigators
7 , 9 investigators
8 physician 9 investigators
9 investigators 10 ,
10 , 11 patients
11 patients 12 ,
13 and 15 evaluators
13 and 21 ,
14 blinded 15 evaluators
16 recorded 19 and
16 recorded 21 ,
17 treatment 18 durations
18 durations 19 and
19 and 20 volumes
21 , 22 evaluated
21 , 26 using
22 evaluated 25 characteristics
23 designated 25 characteristics
24 posttreatment 25 characteristics
26 using 36 and
26 using 38 in
27 questionnaires 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 events
29 and 34 ae
29 and 36 and
30 documented 32 events
31 adverse 32 events
33 ( 34 ae
34 ae 35 )
36 and 37 differences
38 in 40 effects
39 cosmetic 40 effects

results : mean filler volume was 1.25 ml for the artiste [-] treated nlf and 1.29 ml for manually treated nlf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mean
3 mean 5 volume
3 mean 6 was
4 filler 5 volume
5 volume 6 was
6 was 17 ml
6 was 18 for
7 1.25 8 ml
7 1.25 15 and
8 ml 9 for
8 ml 13 treated
9 for 11 artiste
10 the 11 artiste
13 treated 14 nlf
15 and 16 1.29
15 and 17 ml
18 for 21 nlf
19 manually 20 treated
20 treated 21 nlf

one investigator used significantly less volume with artiste than with manual injection ( 0.95 [ml] vs 1.12 ml ; p = . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigator
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 one 2 investigator
2 investigator 3 used
3 used 6 volume
3 used 7 with
3 used 9 than
4 significantly 5 less
5 less 6 volume
7 with 8 artiste
9 than 10 with
10 with 12 injection
11 manual 12 injection
12 injection 14 0.95
13 ( 14 0.95
14 0.95 16 vs
14 0.95 19 ;
16 vs 18 ml
17 1.12 18 ml
19 ; 20 p
19 ; 21 =
20 p 21 =
22 . 23 001
22 . 25 )(

blinded evaluators rated wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) results as " identical " in 81 % of patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 blinded 2 evaluators
2 evaluators 3 rated
3 rated 11 results
4 wrinkle 5 severity
5 severity 6 rating
6 rating 7 scale
7 scale 9 wsrs
8 ( 9 wsrs
9 wsrs 10 )
9 wsrs 11 results
11 results 14 identical
12 as 13 "
12 as 14 identical
14 identical 15 "
14 identical 16 in
16 in 18 %
17 81 18 %
18 % 19 of
19 of 20 patients

investigator questionnaires showed a clear and statistically significant preference for artiste over manual injection in all parameters ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 questionnaires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 investigator 2 questionnaires
2 questionnaires 3 showed
3 showed 9 preference
3 showed 12 over
4 a 9 preference
5 clear 6 and
6 and 8 significant
6 and 9 preference
7 statistically 8 significant
9 preference 10 for
10 for 11 artiste
12 over 14 injection
13 manual 14 injection
14 injection 15 in
15 in 17 parameters
16 all 17 parameters
17 parameters 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 22 001
20 < 23 )

conclusions : the artiste device is a viable option for physicians seeking a continuous - flow , injection - assisted device for ease of treatment , better accuracy , and improved results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 device
2 : 30 and
3 the 5 device
4 artiste 5 device
5 device 30 and
6 is 9 option
6 is 30 and
7 a 9 option
8 viable 9 option
9 option 10 for
9 option 12 seeking
10 for 11 physicians
12 seeking 21 device
12 seeking 22 for
13 a 14 continuous
13 a 21 device
14 continuous 16 flow
14 continuous 21 device
15 - 16 flow
16 flow 18 injection
16 flow 19 -
17 , 18 injection
18 injection 19 -
20 assisted 21 device
22 for 23 ease
23 ease 24 of
23 ease 28 accuracy
24 of 25 treatment
26 , 28 accuracy
27 better 28 accuracy
28 accuracy 29 ,
30 and 31 improved
30 and 32 results

objective : depression might be a prodromal stage of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 depression
2 : 5 be
2 : 11 .
3 depression 4 might
4 might 5 be
5 be 8 stage
6 a 7 prodromal
6 a 8 stage
7 prodromal 8 stage
8 stage 9 of
9 of 10 dementia

many factors contribute to the etiology of depression and dementia , being inflammation one of those . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 many 2 factors
2 factors 3 contribute
3 contribute 4 to
4 to 9 and
5 the 6 etiology
6 etiology 7 of
6 etiology 9 and
7 of 8 depression
9 and 13 inflammation
9 and 15 of
10 dementia 11 ,
10 dementia 12 being
12 being 13 inflammation
13 inflammation 14 one
15 of 16 those

the present work measured and analyzed immune molecules involved in the innate immunity [on] cluster of differentiation 14 ( cd14+ ) monocytes trying to investigate any relationship among late - onset depression ( lod ) and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 the 3 work
2 present 3 work
3 work 5 and
4 measured 5 and
5 and 6 analyzed
5 and 8 molecules
7 immune 8 molecules
8 molecules 9 involved
8 molecules 16 of
8 molecules 22 monocytes
9 involved 10 in
10 in 15 cluster
11 the 15 cluster
12 innate 13 immunity
13 immunity 15 cluster
16 of 17 differentiation
17 differentiation 18 14
19 ( 22 monocytes
20 cd14+ 21 )
20 cd14+ 22 monocytes
22 monocytes 23 trying
22 monocytes 43 .
23 trying 24 to
24 to 25 investigate
25 investigate 36 and
26 any 27 relationship
27 relationship 28 among
27 relationship 36 and
28 among 32 depression
29 late 30 -
29 late 31 onset
31 onset 32 depression
32 depression 34 lod
33 ( 34 lod
34 lod 35 )
36 and 39 disease
36 and 41 ad
37 alzheimer 38 's
38 's 39 disease
40 ( 41 ad
41 ad 42 )

methods : immune molecules were evaluated in monocytes of ad , lod patients , and controls using flow cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 immune
2 : 6 evaluated
3 immune 4 molecules
3 immune 5 were
3 immune 6 evaluated
4 molecules 5 were
6 evaluated 15 and
6 evaluated 19 cytometry
7 in 8 monocytes
7 in 15 and
8 monocytes 9 of
9 of 12 lod
10 ad 12 lod
11 , 12 lod
13 patients 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 controls
15 and 17 using
15 and 19 cytometry
17 using 18 flow

results : interestingly , interleukin 1 beta ( il - 1β ) expressing cd14+ monocytes were increased in ad patients compared with controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 interestingly
2 : 7 beta
3 interestingly 4 ,
5 interleukin 6 1
5 interleukin 7 beta
7 beta 9 il
8 ( 9 il
9 il 10 -
10 - 15 monocytes
10 - 17 increased
10 - 24 .
11 1β 12 )
11 1β 14 cd14+
13 expressing 14 cd14+
14 cd14+ 15 monocytes
15 monocytes 16 were
16 were 17 increased
17 increased 18 in
17 increased 22 with
18 in 20 patients
19 ad 20 patients
20 patients 21 compared
22 with 23 controls

lod presented intermediate frequency of cd14+ monocytes expressing il - 1β between controls and ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 1β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 lod 2 presented
2 presented 4 frequency
3 intermediate 4 frequency
4 frequency 5 of
4 frequency 8 expressing
5 of 7 monocytes
6 cd14+ 7 monocytes
8 expressing 9 il
10 - 11 1β
11 1β 12 between
12 between 14 and
13 controls 14 and
14 and 16 patients
15 ad 16 patients

conclusion : results suggest that an increased frequency of cd14+ monocytes expressing il - 1β level could be a stage marker related to the pathophysiology of dementia process between normal aging and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 4 suggest
2 : 14 -
3 results 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 8 frequency
5 that 11 monocytes
6 an 8 frequency
7 increased 8 frequency
8 frequency 9 of
8 frequency 11 monocytes
9 of 10 cd14+
11 monocytes 13 il
12 expressing 13 il
14 - 18 be
15 1β 16 level
16 level 17 could
17 could 18 be
18 be 21 marker
19 a 21 marker
20 stage 21 marker
21 marker 22 related
21 marker 23 to
21 marker 29 between
23 to 25 pathophysiology
24 the 25 pathophysiology
25 pathophysiology 26 of
26 of 28 process
27 dementia 28 process
29 between 32 and
30 normal 31 aging
31 aging 32 and
32 and 33 ad

quality of life ( qol ) has been defined in many ways , and these definitions usually emphasize happiness and satisfaction with life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 quality 2 of
1 quality 7 has
2 of 3 life
3 life 5 qol
4 ( 5 qol
5 qol 6 )
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 defined
9 defined 10 in
9 defined 22 with
10 in 20 and
11 many 12 ways
12 ways 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 these
14 and 16 definitions
14 and 18 emphasize
14 and 20 and
16 definitions 18 emphasize
17 usually 18 emphasize
18 emphasize 19 happiness
20 and 21 satisfaction
22 with 23 life

health - related problems are known to cause lower qol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 health 2 -
1 health 4 problems
3 related 4 problems
4 problems 5 are
5 are 6 known
6 known 7 to
6 known 8 cause
7 to 8 cause
8 cause 9 lower
8 cause 10 qol

however , the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in qol measured by questionnaire [(] qolmq [ )(in young healthy subjects are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 neural 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 underlying
5 mechanisms 21 are
6 underlying 8 differences
7 individual 8 differences
8 differences 9 in
9 in 10 qol
10 qol 11 measured
11 measured 12 by
11 measured 17 )(in
12 by 15 qolmq
13 questionnaire 15 qolmq
17 )(in 20 subjects
18 young 20 subjects
19 healthy 20 subjects
21 are 22 unknown

qol is essential to our well - being , and investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying qol in uncompromised subjects is obviously of great scientific and social interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 qol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 qol 2 is
2 is 3 essential
3 essential 4 to
4 to 6 well
5 our 6 well
7 - 8 being
7 - 10 and
7 - 29 .
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 investigation
10 and 21 is
11 investigation 12 of
11 investigation 16 underlying
11 investigation 21 is
12 of 15 mechanisms
13 the 15 mechanisms
14 neural 15 mechanisms
16 underlying 17 qol
16 underlying 18 in
18 in 20 subjects
19 uncompromised 20 subjects
21 is 22 obviously
21 is 23 of
23 of 28 interest
24 great 28 interest
25 scientific 26 and
26 and 27 social
26 and 28 interest

we used voxel - based morphometry to investigate the association between regional gray matter volume ( rgmv ) and qolmq across the brain in healthy young adults ( age , 21.4 ± 1.8 years [ )(men ( n = 88 ) and women ( n = 68 ) in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 6 morphometry
2 used 7 to
2 used 8 investigate
3 voxel 4 -
3 voxel 6 morphometry
5 based 6 morphometry
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 42 and
8 investigate 49 in
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 between
10 association 19 and
11 between 15 volume
12 regional 15 volume
13 gray 14 matter
14 matter 15 volume
15 volume 17 rgmv
16 ( 17 rgmv
17 rgmv 18 )
19 and 20 qolmq
19 and 42 and
20 qolmq 21 across
20 qolmq 24 in
21 across 23 brain
22 the 23 brain
24 in 27 adults
25 healthy 27 adults
26 young 27 adults
27 adults 29 age
27 adults 36 )(men
28 ( 29 age
29 age 30 ,
30 , 36 )(men
31 21.4 36 )(men
32 ± 36 )(men
33 1.8 34 years
34 years 36 )(men
36 )(men 39 =
36 )(men 41 )
37 ( 39 =
38 n 39 =
39 = 40 88
39 = 41 )
42 and 43 women
42 and 46 =
44 ( 46 =
45 n 46 =
46 = 47 68
46 = 48 )
49 in 50 humans

we found significant negative relationships between qolmq and rgmv in a region in the left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex and regions in the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus and contingent cingulate regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 relationships
2 found 29 gyrus
2 found 30 and
3 significant 5 relationships
4 negative 5 relationships
5 relationships 6 between
5 relationships 10 in
6 between 8 and
7 qolmq 8 and
8 and 9 rgmv
10 in 12 region
11 a 12 region
12 region 13 in
12 region 25 of
13 in 19 and
14 the 18 cortex
15 left 18 cortex
16 rostrolateral 18 cortex
17 prefrontal 18 cortex
18 cortex 19 and
19 and 20 regions
19 and 21 in
21 in 24 part
22 the 24 part
23 dorsal 24 part
25 of 28 cingulate
26 the 28 cingulate
27 anterior 28 cingulate
30 and 32 cingulate
30 and 33 regions
31 contingent 32 cingulate

these findings show that structural variations in regions associated with processing of negative emotions such as fear and anger as well as those associated with evaluation [of] internally generated information are associated with qolmq . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 show
3 show 6 variations
3 show 7 in
3 show 10 with
3 show 16 as
3 show 20 as
3 show 33 with
4 that 5 structural
5 structural 6 variations
7 in 8 regions
8 regions 9 associated
10 with 11 processing
11 processing 12 of
12 of 14 emotions
13 negative 14 emotions
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 and
17 fear 18 and
18 and 19 anger
20 as 21 well
21 well 32 associated
22 as 23 those
22 as 32 associated
23 those 24 associated
23 those 25 with
23 those 31 are
25 with 30 information
26 evaluation 30 information
28 internally 29 generated
29 generated 30 information
31 are 32 associated
33 with 34 qolmq

these findings suggest that these processes might be related to qolmq in healthy young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 processes
4 that 9 related
5 these 6 processes
6 processes 7 might
7 might 8 be
8 be 9 related
9 related 10 to
9 related 12 in
10 to 11 qolmq
12 in 15 adults
13 healthy 15 adults
14 young 15 adults

objective : individuals suffering from alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) often have impaired awareness or a lack of insight into their cognitive deficits and functional abilities , especially in the later stages of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 14 impaired
2 : 37 .
3 individuals 4 suffering
3 individuals 5 from
3 individuals 10 ad
3 individuals 13 have
5 from 8 disease
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
9 ( 10 ad
10 ad 11 )
12 often 13 have
13 have 14 impaired
14 impaired 16 or
14 impaired 21 into
14 impaired 29 especially
15 awareness 16 or
16 or 18 lack
16 or 19 of
17 a 18 lack
19 of 20 insight
21 into 25 and
22 their 24 deficits
23 cognitive 24 deficits
24 deficits 25 and
25 and 27 abilities
25 and 28 ,
26 functional 27 abilities
29 especially 30 in
30 in 33 stages
31 the 33 stages
32 later 33 stages
33 stages 34 of
34 of 36 disease
35 the 36 disease

previous research has documented a relationship between depression and insight in ad , such that greater awareness of one 's disease has been associated with a higher degree of depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 documented
1 previous 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 documented
4 documented 6 relationship
4 documented 7 between
4 documented 11 in
4 documented 15 that
5 a 6 relationship
7 between 9 and
8 depression 9 and
9 and 10 insight
11 in 12 ad
13 , 15 that
14 such 15 that
15 that 17 awareness
15 that 24 associated
15 that 31 .
16 greater 17 awareness
17 awareness 18 of
17 awareness 22 has
18 of 21 disease
19 one 20 's
20 's 21 disease
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 30 depression
26 a 28 degree
27 higher 28 degree
28 degree 29 of
28 degree 30 depression
29 of 30 depression

however , little is known about the relationship between insight , cognitive decline , and other psychiatric or behavioral problems associated with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 9 between
5 known 22 with
6 about 8 relationship
7 the 8 relationship
9 between 15 and
10 insight 11 ,
11 , 13 decline
11 , 15 and
12 cognitive 13 decline
14 , 15 and
15 and 20 problems
15 and 21 associated
16 other 20 problems
17 psychiatric 18 or
18 or 19 behavioral
18 or 20 problems
22 with 23 ad

methods : this study included 107 outpatients who met criteria for probable ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 14 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 outpatients
6 107 7 outpatients
7 outpatients 8 who
7 outpatients 9 met
8 who 9 met
9 met 10 criteria
10 criteria 11 for
11 for 13 ad
12 probable 13 ad

instruments included the neurobehavioral rating scale , the apathy evaluation scale , and the mini mental state exam . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 instruments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 instruments 2 included
2 included 13 and
3 the 6 scale
4 neurobehavioral 5 rating
5 rating 6 scale
6 scale 7 ,
7 , 11 scale
7 , 13 and
8 the 11 scale
9 apathy 10 evaluation
10 evaluation 11 scale
12 , 13 and
13 and 18 exam
14 the 18 exam
15 mini 17 state
16 mental 17 state
17 state 18 exam

a series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between insight and depressed mood , anxiety , psychosis , apathy , agitation , and behavioral retardation in ad patients after controlling for cognitive skills . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 series
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 a 2 series
2 series 3 of
2 series 7 were
3 of 6 analyses
4 hierarchical 5 regression
5 regression 6 analyses
7 were 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 to
8 conducted 13 between
8 conducted 30 in
8 conducted 33 after
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 12 relationship
11 the 12 relationship
13 between 27 and
14 insight 15 and
15 and 17 mood
15 and 19 anxiety
15 and 27 and
16 depressed 17 mood
18 , 19 anxiety
19 anxiety 21 psychosis
19 anxiety 25 agitation
19 anxiety 26 ,
20 , 21 psychosis
21 psychosis 23 apathy
21 psychosis 24 ,
22 , 23 apathy
23 apathy 24 ,
24 , 25 agitation
25 agitation 26 ,
27 and 29 retardation
28 behavioral 29 retardation
30 in 32 patients
31 ad 32 patients
33 after 34 controlling
34 controlling 35 for
35 for 37 skills
36 cognitive 37 skills

results : insight was found to significantly predict depressed [mood] , anxiety , and apathy even after controlling for global cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 insight
2 : 8 predict
2 : 22 .
3 insight 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 8 predict
7 significantly 8 predict
8 predict 14 and
8 predict 16 even
9 depressed 11 ,
9 depressed 12 anxiety
12 anxiety 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 apathy
14 and 16 even
16 even 17 after
17 after 18 controlling
18 controlling 19 for
19 for 21 cognition
20 global 21 cognition

greater insight was found to be associated with depressed mood [and] anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 greater 2 insight
2 insight 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 to
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 12 anxiety
9 depressed 10 mood
10 mood 12 anxiety

however , impaired insight was associated with higher levels of apathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 insight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 insight
3 impaired 4 insight
4 insight 5 was
5 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 9 levels
8 higher 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 11 apathy

conclusion : insight may be differentially related to mood symptoms and apathy within ad , such that patients with intact insight are more depressed , whereas patients with impaired insight are more apathetic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 5 be
3 insight 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 7 related
6 differentially 7 related
7 related 8 to
7 related 13 within
7 related 17 that
7 related 26 whereas
8 to 11 and
9 mood 10 symptoms
10 symptoms 11 and
11 and 12 apathy
13 within 14 ad
15 , 17 that
16 such 17 that
17 that 18 patients
17 that 22 are
17 that 25 ,
18 patients 19 with
18 patients 22 are
19 with 21 insight
20 intact 21 insight
22 are 24 depressed
23 more 24 depressed
26 whereas 27 patients
26 whereas 31 are
27 patients 28 with
27 patients 31 are
28 with 30 insight
29 impaired 30 insight
31 are 33 apathetic
32 more 33 apathetic

this suggests that assessment of insight in ad may complement the clinical evaluation of depression and apathy in ad and help guide the most appropriate interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 4 assessment
3 that 20 and
4 assessment 5 of
4 assessment 9 may
5 of 6 insight
6 insight 7 in
7 in 8 ad
9 may 20 and
10 complement 13 evaluation
10 complement 18 in
10 complement 20 and
11 the 13 evaluation
12 clinical 13 evaluation
13 evaluation 14 of
14 of 16 and
15 depression 16 and
16 and 17 apathy
18 in 19 ad
20 and 21 help
20 and 26 interventions
21 help 22 guide
22 guide 24 most
23 the 24 most
25 appropriate 26 interventions

[published] 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 2013
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 .

this article is a u.s [.] government work and is in the public domain in the usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 9 and
3 is 8 work
3 is 9 and
4 a 8 work
5 u.s 7 government
7 government 8 work
9 and 10 is
9 and 15 in
10 is 11 in
11 in 14 domain
12 the 14 domain
13 public 14 domain
15 in 17 usa
16 the 17 usa

annual costs are enormous for musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia and for bone [and] muscle injuries , costing billions annually in health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
1 annual 2 costs
2 costs 3 are
3 are 4 enormous
4 enormous 13 and
5 for 11 and
5 for 13 and
6 musculoskeletal 7 diseases
7 diseases 9 as
7 diseases 11 and
8 such 9 as
9 as 10 osteoporosis
11 and 12 sarcopenia
13 and 14 for
14 for 18 injuries
15 bone 18 injuries
17 muscle 18 injuries
18 injuries 20 costing
19 , 20 costing
20 costing 21 billions
20 costing 22 annually
20 costing 23 in
20 costing 26 .
23 in 25 care
24 health 25 care

although it is clear that muscle and bone development , growth , and function are connected , and that muscle loads bone , little is known regarding cellular and molecular interactions between these two tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 although 2 it
1 although 3 is
1 although 23 ,
1 although 24 little
2 it 3 is
3 is 4 clear
4 clear 18 and
5 that 13 and
5 that 16 connected
5 that 18 and
6 muscle 7 and
7 and 9 development
7 and 11 growth
7 and 13 and
8 bone 9 development
10 , 11 growth
11 growth 12 ,
13 and 14 function
13 and 15 are
15 are 16 connected
16 connected 17 ,
18 and 19 that
19 that 21 loads
19 that 22 bone
20 muscle 21 loads
21 loads 22 bone
24 little 25 is
25 is 31 interactions
25 is 32 between
26 known 31 interactions
27 regarding 31 interactions
28 cellular 29 and
29 and 30 molecular
29 and 31 interactions
32 between 35 tissues
33 these 34 two
34 two 35 tissues

a conference supported by the national institutes of health ( nih ) and the american society for bone and mineral research ( asbmr ) was held in july 2012 to address the enormous burden of musculoskeletal disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 held
1 a 2 conference
2 conference 3 supported
2 conference 13 and
3 supported 4 by
4 by 7 institutes
5 the 7 institutes
6 national 7 institutes
7 institutes 8 of
7 institutes 11 nih
8 of 9 health
10 ( 11 nih
11 nih 12 )
13 and 15 american
14 the 15 american
16 society 17 for
16 society 26 held
17 for 20 mineral
18 bone 19 and
19 and 20 mineral
20 mineral 23 asbmr
20 mineral 25 was
21 research 23 asbmr
22 ( 23 asbmr
23 asbmr 24 )
23 asbmr 25 was
26 held 27 in
26 held 30 to
26 held 38 .
27 in 28 july
28 july 29 2012
30 to 31 address
31 address 34 burden
32 the 34 burden
33 enormous 34 burden
34 burden 35 of
35 of 37 disease
36 musculoskeletal 37 disease

national and international experts in either bone or muscle presented their findings and their novel hypotheses regarding muscle - bone interactions to stimulate the exchange of ideas between these two fields . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 national 2 and
2 and 3 international
2 and 8 or
2 and 10 presented
2 and 13 and
4 experts 5 in
4 experts 8 or
5 in 7 bone
6 either 7 bone
8 or 9 muscle
8 or 10 presented
10 presented 12 findings
11 their 12 findings
13 and 16 hypotheses
13 and 17 regarding
14 their 16 hypotheses
15 novel 16 hypotheses
17 regarding 18 muscle
18 muscle 21 interactions
19 - 21 interactions
20 bone 21 interactions
21 interactions 22 to
21 interactions 23 stimulate
21 interactions 32 .
22 to 23 stimulate
23 stimulate 25 exchange
23 stimulate 28 between
24 the 25 exchange
25 exchange 26 of
26 of 27 ideas
28 between 31 fields
29 these 30 two
30 two 31 fields

the immediate goal of the conference was to identify critical research themes that would lead to collaborative research interactions and grant applications focusing on interactions between muscle and bone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 focusing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 goal
2 immediate 3 goal
3 goal 4 of
3 goal 7 was
4 of 6 conference
5 the 6 conference
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 identify
8 to 9 identify
9 identify 12 themes
10 critical 11 research
11 research 12 themes
12 themes 13 that
12 themes 23 focusing
13 that 14 would
14 would 15 lead
15 lead 16 to
16 to 22 applications
17 collaborative 19 interactions
18 research 19 interactions
19 interactions 20 and
20 and 21 grant
20 and 22 applications
22 applications 23 focusing
23 focusing 24 on
24 on 25 interactions
25 interactions 26 between
26 between 28 and
27 muscle 28 and
28 and 29 bone

the ultimate goal of the meeting was to generate a better understanding of how these two tissues integrate [and] crosstalk in both health and disease to stimulate new therapeutic strategies to enhance and maintain musculoskeletal health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 integrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 goal
2 ultimate 3 goal
3 goal 4 of
3 goal 7 was
4 of 6 meeting
5 the 6 meeting
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 generate
8 to 9 generate
9 generate 12 understanding
10 a 12 understanding
11 better 12 understanding
12 understanding 13 of
12 understanding 17 tissues
12 understanding 18 integrate
13 of 14 how
15 these 16 two
16 two 17 tissues
17 tissues 18 integrate
18 integrate 20 crosstalk
20 crosstalk 21 in
20 crosstalk 26 to
20 crosstalk 34 maintain
21 in 24 and
22 both 24 and
23 health 24 and
24 and 25 disease
26 to 33 and
27 stimulate 30 strategies
27 stimulate 33 and
28 new 30 strategies
29 therapeutic 30 strategies
30 strategies 31 to
30 strategies 32 enhance
31 to 32 enhance
33 and 34 maintain
34 maintain 36 health
35 musculoskeletal 36 health

many countries , including the usa , publish predicted numbers of cancer [incidence] and death in current and future years for the whole country . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 countries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 publish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 many 2 countries
2 countries 4 including
2 countries 8 publish
3 , 4 including
4 including 6 usa
4 including 7 ,
5 the 6 usa
8 publish 14 and
8 publish 16 in
8 publish 21 for
9 predicted 10 numbers
10 numbers 11 of
10 numbers 12 cancer
11 of 12 cancer
12 cancer 14 and
14 and 15 death
16 in 20 years
17 current 18 and
18 and 19 future
18 and 20 years
21 for 24 country
22 the 24 country
23 whole 24 country

these predictions provide important information on the cancer burden for cancer control planners , policymakers and the general public . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 predictions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 predictions
2 predictions 3 provide
3 provide 5 information
3 provide 6 on
3 provide 10 for
4 important 5 information
6 on 9 burden
7 the 9 burden
8 cancer 9 burden
10 for 16 and
11 cancer 13 planners
12 control 13 planners
13 planners 14 ,
14 , 15 policymakers
14 , 16 and
16 and 19 public
17 the 19 public
18 general 19 public

based on evidence from several empirical studies , the joinpoint ( segmented - line linear regression ) [model] ( jpm ) has been adopted by the american cancer society to estimate the number of new cancer cases in the usa and in individual states since 2007 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 7 studies
1 based 8 ,
2 on 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 from
4 from 5 several
6 empirical 7 studies
8 , 31 estimate
9 the 10 joinpoint
10 joinpoint 12 segmented
10 joinpoint 16 regression
10 joinpoint 20 jpm
10 joinpoint 22 has
11 ( 12 segmented
12 segmented 13 -
13 - 16 regression
14 line 16 regression
15 linear 16 regression
16 regression 17 )
19 ( 20 jpm
20 jpm 21 )
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 adopted
24 adopted 25 by
24 adopted 30 to
25 by 29 society
26 the 29 society
27 american 29 society
28 cancer 29 society
30 to 31 estimate
31 estimate 37 cases
31 estimate 45 since
32 the 33 number
33 number 34 of
33 number 37 cases
34 of 37 cases
35 new 36 cancer
36 cancer 37 cases
37 cases 41 and
38 in 40 usa
38 in 41 and
39 the 40 usa
41 and 42 in
42 in 44 states
43 individual 44 states
45 since 46 2007

recently , cancer [incidence] in smaller geographic regions such as counties , and local policy makers are increasingly interested with federal information processing standard code regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 13 and
3 cancer 5 in
3 cancer 13 and
5 in 8 regions
6 smaller 8 regions
7 geographic 8 regions
8 regions 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 11 counties
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 makers
13 and 17 are
14 local 15 policy
15 policy 16 makers
17 are 18 increasingly
17 are 19 interested
19 interested 20 with
20 with 26 regions
21 federal 22 information
22 information 23 processing
23 processing 24 standard
24 standard 25 code
25 code 26 regions

the natural extension is to directly apply the jpm to county [-] level cancer incidence data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 extension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 extension
2 natural 3 extension
3 extension 4 is
4 is 5 to
4 is 7 apply
5 to 7 apply
6 directly 7 apply
7 apply 9 jpm
7 apply 10 to
8 the 9 jpm
10 to 16 data
11 county 13 level
13 level 14 cancer
14 cancer 16 data
15 incidence 16 data

the direct application has several drawbacks and its performance has not been evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 application
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 application
2 direct 3 application
3 application 4 has
4 has 6 drawbacks
5 several 6 drawbacks
7 and 9 performance
7 and 13 evaluated
8 its 9 performance
9 performance 10 has
10 has 11 not
10 has 12 been
12 been 13 evaluated

to address the concerns , we developed a spatial random - effects jpm for county [-] level cancer incidence data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 4 concerns
3 the 4 concerns
5 , 6 we
5 , 7 developed
6 we 7 developed
7 developed 13 jpm
8 a 9 spatial
8 a 13 jpm
9 spatial 13 jpm
10 random 11 -
10 random 12 effects
12 effects 13 jpm
13 jpm 14 for
14 for 20 data
15 county 17 level
17 level 20 data
18 cancer 20 data
19 incidence 20 data

the proposed model was used to predict both cancer incidence rates and counts at the county level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 model
2 proposed 3 model
3 model 12 and
4 was 5 used
4 was 12 and
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 predict
6 to 7 predict
7 predict 11 rates
8 both 11 rates
9 cancer 11 rates
10 incidence 11 rates
12 and 13 counts
12 and 14 at
12 and 17 level
14 at 16 county
15 the 16 county

the standard jpm and the proposed method were compared through a validation study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 standard
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 standard
2 standard 4 and
2 standard 8 were
2 standard 9 compared
3 jpm 4 and
4 and 7 method
4 and 8 were
5 the 7 method
6 proposed 7 method
9 compared 10 through
10 through 13 study
11 a 13 study
12 validation 13 study

the proposed method outperformed the standard jpm for almost all cancer sites [,] especially for moderate or rare cancer sites and for counties with small population sizes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 outperformed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 method
2 proposed 3 method
3 method 4 outperformed
4 outperformed 6 standard
5 the 6 standard
6 standard 7 jpm
6 standard 12 sites
7 jpm 8 for
7 jpm 12 sites
8 for 11 cancer
9 almost 10 all
10 all 11 cancer
12 sites 14 especially
14 especially 21 and
15 for 20 sites
15 for 21 and
16 moderate 17 or
17 or 18 rare
17 or 19 cancer
19 cancer 20 sites
21 and 22 for
22 for 23 counties
23 counties 24 with
24 with 27 sizes
25 small 26 population
26 population 27 sizes

as an application , we predicted county [-] level prostate cancer incidence rates and counts for the year 2011 in connecticut . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 as 3 application
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 we
2 an 3 application
5 we 14 and
6 predicted 13 rates
6 predicted 14 and
7 county 9 level
9 level 13 rates
10 prostate 13 rates
11 cancer 13 rates
12 incidence 13 rates
14 and 15 counts
14 and 16 for
14 and 20 in
16 for 18 year
17 the 18 year
18 year 19 2011
20 in 21 connecticut

objective : during recent decades , the prevalence of metabolic morbidity has increased rapidly in adult greenlandic inuit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 5 decades
4 recent 5 decades
6 , 8 prevalence
6 , 13 increased
7 the 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 12 has
9 of 11 morbidity
10 metabolic 11 morbidity
12 has 13 increased
13 increased 14 rapidly
13 increased 15 in
13 increased 18 inuit
15 in 17 greenlandic
16 adult 17 greenlandic

to what extent this is also reflected in the juvenile inuit population is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 to 2 what
1 to 13 is
2 what 3 extent
2 what 7 reflected
3 extent 4 this
3 extent 5 is
3 extent 7 reflected
4 this 5 is
5 is 6 also
7 reflected 8 in
8 in 10 juvenile
9 the 10 juvenile
11 inuit 12 population
12 population 13 is
13 is 14 unknown

results : both inuit children living in nuuk and the northern villages had significantly higher glucose , total cholesterol , apolipoprotein a1 levels , and diastolic blood pressure compared with danish children after adjustment for differences in adiposity and aerobic fitness levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 children
3 both 5 children
4 inuit 5 children
5 children 6 living
6 living 7 in
7 in 8 nuuk
9 and 12 villages
9 and 13 had
10 the 12 villages
11 northern 12 villages
12 villages 13 had
13 had 25 and
13 had 29 compared
14 significantly 15 higher
15 higher 16 glucose
16 glucose 17 ,
17 , 19 cholesterol
17 , 20 ,
18 total 19 cholesterol
20 , 23 levels
20 , 25 and
21 apolipoprotein 23 levels
22 a1 23 levels
24 , 25 and
25 and 28 pressure
26 diastolic 28 pressure
27 blood 28 pressure
29 compared 30 with
29 compared 33 after
30 with 32 children
31 danish 32 children
33 after 34 adjustment
34 adjustment 35 for
35 for 39 and
36 differences 37 in
36 differences 39 and
37 in 38 adiposity
39 and 40 aerobic
39 and 41 fitness
39 and 42 levels
41 fitness 42 levels

the inuit children living in nuuk had significantly higher bmi , body fat [%] , hba1 [c] , and significantly lower aerobic fitness and apoa1 levels than northern living inuit children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 children
2 inuit 3 children
3 children 4 living
3 children 7 had
4 living 5 in
5 in 6 nuuk
7 had 24 and
7 had 27 than
8 significantly 9 higher
9 higher 10 bmi
10 bmi 11 ,
11 , 13 fat
11 , 15 ,
12 body 13 fat
15 , 16 hba1
15 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 23 fitness
19 and 24 and
20 significantly 21 lower
21 lower 23 fitness
22 aerobic 23 fitness
24 and 26 levels
25 apoa1 26 levels
27 than 31 children
28 northern 29 living
29 living 31 children
30 inuit 31 children

conclusions : greenlandic inuit children had adverse metabolic health profile compared to the danish children , the differences where more pronounced in inuit children living in nuuk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 children
2 : 6 had
3 greenlandic 5 children
4 inuit 5 children
5 children 6 had
6 had 10 profile
7 adverse 9 health
8 metabolic 9 health
9 health 10 profile
10 profile 11 compared
11 compared 12 to
12 to 15 children
13 the 15 children
14 danish 15 children
15 children 18 differences
16 , 18 differences
17 the 18 differences
18 differences 19 where
18 differences 25 living
18 differences 28 .
19 where 20 more
19 where 21 pronounced
20 more 21 pronounced
21 pronounced 22 in
21 pronounced 24 children
22 in 23 inuit
25 living 26 in
26 in 27 nuuk

the tendencies toward higher prevalence of diabetes and metabolic morbidity in the adult greenlandic inuit population may also be present in the inuit children population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 tendencies
2 tendencies 3 toward
2 tendencies 8 and
3 toward 5 prevalence
4 higher 5 prevalence
5 prevalence 6 of
6 of 7 diabetes
8 and 10 morbidity
8 and 11 in
8 and 17 may
9 metabolic 10 morbidity
11 in 16 population
12 the 16 population
13 adult 16 population
14 greenlandic 16 population
15 inuit 16 population
17 may 19 be
18 also 19 be
19 be 20 present
20 present 21 in
21 in 25 population
22 the 25 population
23 inuit 25 population
24 children 25 population

background : proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) are a class of drugs that is extensively used for common gastrointestinal disorders and often prescribed long - term for years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 inhibitors
2 : 9 are
2 : 30 .
3 proton 5 inhibitors
4 pump 5 inhibitors
5 inhibitors 7 ppis
5 inhibitors 9 are
6 ( 7 ppis
7 ppis 8 )
9 are 11 class
10 a 11 class
11 class 12 of
11 class 14 that
11 class 15 is
12 of 13 drugs
14 that 15 is
15 is 17 used
16 extensively 17 used
17 used 18 for
18 for 22 and
19 common 21 disorders
20 gastrointestinal 21 disorders
21 disorders 22 and
22 and 27 term
22 and 28 for
23 often 24 prescribed
24 prescribed 27 term
25 long 26 -
25 long 27 term
28 for 29 years

long - term ppi treatment is associated with an increased risk of fractures in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 long 2 -
1 long 3 term
3 term 5 treatment
4 ppi 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 14 in
8 with 11 risk
9 an 11 risk
10 increased 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 13 fractures
14 in 17 population
15 the 17 population
16 general 17 population

several studies have suggested a relationship between vascular calcification , which is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , impaired bone metabolism and fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 suggested
4 suggested 6 relationship
4 suggested 21 impaired
5 a 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 11 which
6 relationship 21 impaired
7 between 9 calcification
8 vascular 9 calcification
10 , 11 which
11 which 12 is
11 which 20 ,
12 is 14 predictor
13 a 14 predictor
14 predictor 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 cardiovascular 17 morbidity
17 morbidity 18 and
18 and 19 mortality
21 impaired 24 and
22 bone 23 metabolism
23 metabolism 24 and
24 and 25 fractures

in dialysis patients , vascular calcifications are widespread and [are] connected [to] bone health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 calcifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 calcifications
2 dialysis 3 patients
5 vascular 6 calcifications
6 calcifications 7 are
7 are 9 and
8 widespread 9 and
9 and 14 health
11 connected 13 bone
13 bone 14 health

objective : the aim of this study was to assess the association between the use of ppis and vascular calcifications involving the aorta and iliac arteries in haemodialysis patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 assess
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 24 and
11 the 12 association
12 association 13 between
12 association 16 of
12 association 24 and
13 between 15 use
14 the 15 use
16 of 18 and
17 ppis 18 and
18 and 20 calcifications
18 and 21 involving
19 vascular 20 calcifications
21 involving 23 aorta
22 the 23 aorta
24 and 26 arteries
24 and 27 in
25 iliac 26 arteries
27 in 29 patients
28 haemodialysis 29 patients

methods : between november 2008 and november 2009 , 387 patients receiving long - term dialysis treatment ( ≥1 [year] ) were enrolled in a multicentre ( 18 dialysis units ) , cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 2009
2 : 15 term
2 : 37 .
3 between 6 and
3 between 8 2009
4 november 5 2008
4 november 6 and
6 and 7 november
8 2009 11 patients
8 2009 15 term
9 , 11 patients
10 387 11 patients
11 patients 12 receiving
11 patients 14 -
12 receiving 13 long
15 term 16 dialysis
15 term 36 study
16 dialysis 17 treatment
16 dialysis 22 were
16 dialysis 23 enrolled
17 treatment 19 ≥1
17 treatment 22 were
18 ( 19 ≥1
19 ≥1 21 )
23 enrolled 24 in
23 enrolled 34 -
23 enrolled 35 sectional
24 in 33 cross
25 a 26 multicentre
25 a 33 cross
26 multicentre 30 units
26 multicentre 32 ,
26 multicentre 33 cross
27 ( 30 units
28 18 30 units
29 dialysis 30 units
30 units 31 )

overall , 76.2 % of patients were receiving long - term ppi treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 %
3 76.2 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 7 were
5 of 6 patients
7 were 8 receiving
8 receiving 13 treatment
9 long 10 -
9 long 11 term
11 term 13 treatment
12 ppi 13 treatment

the main outcome measure was calcification of the aorta and iliac arteries in relation to ppi use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 measure
2 main 4 measure
3 outcome 4 measure
4 measure 5 was
5 was 6 calcification
6 calcification 7 of
6 calcification 15 to
7 of 10 and
8 the 9 aorta
9 aorta 10 and
10 and 12 arteries
11 iliac 12 arteries
13 in 14 relation
14 relation 15 to
15 to 17 use
16 ppi 17 use

[standardized] [radiographs] [were] sent to the coordinating centre [for] centralized evaluation in duplicate [by] two physicians [who] were blind to ppi status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
4 sent 5 to
4 sent 12 in
4 sent 18 were
5 to 11 evaluation
6 the 11 evaluation
7 coordinating 10 centralized
8 centre 10 centralized
10 centralized 11 evaluation
12 in 13 duplicate
13 duplicate 15 two
16 physicians 18 were
18 were 19 blind
19 blind 20 to
20 to 22 status
21 ppi 22 status

results : arterial calcifications were significantly more common in the ppi group ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 calcifications
2 : 5 were
2 : 18 .
3 arterial 4 calcifications
4 calcifications 5 were
5 were 8 common
6 significantly 7 more
7 more 8 common
8 common 9 in
9 in 12 group
10 the 12 group
11 ppi 12 group
12 group 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.01
15 < 17 )

also , the rates of aortic and iliac calcifications considered separately were higher ( +12.2 [%] , p = 0.0254 ; [and] +13.6 [%] , p = 0.0211 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 +13.6
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 4 rates
3 the 4 rates
4 rates 5 of
4 rates 19 =
5 of 7 and
6 aortic 7 and
7 and 8 iliac
7 and 9 calcifications
7 and 12 were
7 and 15 +12.2
9 calcifications 10 considered
9 calcifications 12 were
11 separately 12 were
12 were 13 higher
14 ( 15 +12.2
15 +12.2 17 ,
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.0254
21 ; 23 +13.6
23 +13.6 27 =
23 +13.6 30 respectively
25 , 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 0.0211
27 = 29 ,
29 , 30 respectively
30 respectively 31 )

after correction for the propensity score , the odds ratios [ ors ] ( 95 % ci ) related to ppi use were aorta 1.89 ( 1.01 - 3.54 ) , p = 0.048 ; iliac arteries 2.27 ( 1.31 - 3.92 ) , p = 0.003 ; aorta and iliac arteries 2.59 ( 1.48 - 4.53 ) , p = 0.008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 after 2 correction
1 after 7 ,
1 after 9 odds
2 correction 3 for
3 for 6 score
4 the 6 score
5 propensity 6 score
8 the 9 odds
9 odds 10 ratios
9 odds 19 related
9 odds 23 were
10 ratios 12 ors
10 ratios 17 ci
10 ratios 19 related
11 [ 12 ors
12 ors 13 ]
14 ( 17 ci
15 95 17 ci
16 % 17 ci
17 ci 18 )
19 related 20 to
20 to 22 use
21 ppi 22 use
23 were 24 aorta
24 aorta 25 1.89
24 aorta 33 =
26 ( 28 -
27 1.01 28 -
28 - 29 3.54
28 - 30 )
28 - 33 =
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.048
35 ; 37 arteries
35 ; 46 =
35 ; 48 ;
36 iliac 37 arteries
37 arteries 38 2.27
37 arteries 40 1.31
37 arteries 46 =
39 ( 40 1.31
40 1.31 42 3.92
40 1.31 44 ,
41 - 42 3.92
42 3.92 43 )
45 p 46 =
46 = 47 0.003
48 ; 49 aorta
48 ; 50 and
50 and 52 arteries
50 and 61 =
51 iliac 52 arteries
52 arteries 53 2.59
52 arteries 55 1.48
52 arteries 61 =
54 ( 55 1.48
55 1.48 57 4.53
55 1.48 59 ,
56 - 57 4.53
57 4.53 58 )
60 p 61 =
61 = 62 0.008

the ors ( 95 % ci ) related to the association of warfarin [+] ppi were aorta 2.19 ( 0.95 - 5.00 ) , p = 0.06 ; iliac arteries 2.90 ( 1.07 - 7.86 ) , p = 0.036 ; aorta and iliac arteries 2.69 ( 1.03 - 6.96 ) , p = 0.042 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 the 2 ors
2 ors 6 ci
2 ors 8 related
3 ( 6 ci
4 95 6 ci
5 % 6 ci
6 ci 7 )
8 related 9 to
8 related 17 aorta
8 related 26 =
9 to 11 association
10 the 11 association
11 association 12 of
12 of 13 warfarin
13 warfarin 15 ppi
13 warfarin 16 were
15 ppi 16 were
17 aorta 18 2.19
19 ( 21 -
20 0.95 21 -
21 - 22 5.00
21 - 23 )
21 - 26 =
24 , 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.06
26 = 28 ;
28 ; 29 iliac
28 ; 41 ;
29 iliac 30 arteries
30 arteries 31 2.90
30 arteries 39 =
32 ( 34 -
33 1.07 34 -
34 - 35 7.86
34 - 36 )
34 - 39 =
37 , 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.036
41 ; 42 aorta
41 ; 43 and
43 and 45 arteries
43 and 54 =
44 iliac 45 arteries
45 arteries 46 2.69
45 arteries 48 1.03
45 arteries 54 =
47 ( 48 1.03
48 1.03 50 6.96
48 1.03 52 ,
49 - 50 6.96
50 6.96 51 )
53 p 54 =
54 = 55 0.042

conclusion : in haemodialysis patients , long - term treatment with ppis , especially in the presence of warfarin treatment , is associated with vascular calcifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 patients
4 haemodialysis 5 patients
6 , 10 treatment
6 , 23 associated
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 term
9 term 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 with
10 treatment 15 in
10 treatment 22 is
11 with 12 ppis
13 , 14 especially
13 , 15 in
15 in 17 presence
15 in 21 ,
16 the 17 presence
17 presence 18 of
18 of 20 treatment
19 warfarin 20 treatment
22 is 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 26 calcifications
25 vascular 26 calcifications

many physiological and pathological conditions are associated with a change in the crystalline lens transmittance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 many 5 conditions
2 physiological 3 and
3 and 4 pathological
3 and 5 conditions
5 conditions 6 are
6 are 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 11 in
8 with 10 change
9 a 10 change
11 in 15 transmittance
12 the 15 transmittance
13 crystalline 14 lens
14 lens 15 transmittance

estimates of lens opacification , however , generally rely on subjective rather [than] objective measures in clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 rely
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 estimates 2 of
1 estimates 9 rely
2 of 4 opacification
3 lens 4 opacification
5 , 6 however
6 however 7 ,
6 however 9 rely
8 generally 9 rely
9 rely 10 on
9 rely 16 in
10 on 15 measures
11 subjective 15 measures
12 rather 14 objective
14 objective 15 measures
16 in 18 practice
17 clinical 18 practice

the goal of our study was to develop an improved psychophysical heterochromatic flicker photometry technique combined with existing mathematical models to evaluate the spectral transmittance of the human ocular media noninvasively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 combined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 our 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 develop
7 to 8 develop
8 develop 13 flicker
9 an 13 flicker
10 improved 13 flicker
11 psychophysical 13 flicker
12 heterochromatic 13 flicker
13 flicker 15 technique
13 flicker 16 combined
14 photometry 15 technique
15 technique 16 combined
16 combined 17 with
16 combined 21 to
17 with 20 models
18 existing 20 models
19 mathematical 20 models
21 to 22 evaluate
22 evaluate 25 transmittance
22 evaluate 31 noninvasively
23 the 25 transmittance
24 spectral 25 transmittance
25 transmittance 26 of
26 of 30 media
27 the 30 media
28 human 30 media
29 ocular 30 media

our results show that it is possible to accurately estimate ocular media density in vivo in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 it
4 that 6 is
5 it 6 is
6 is 7 possible
7 possible 8 to
7 possible 10 estimate
8 to 10 estimate
9 accurately 10 estimate
10 estimate 13 density
10 estimate 15 vivo
10 estimate 16 in
11 ocular 12 media
12 media 13 density
14 in 15 vivo
16 in 17 humans

potential applications of our approach include basic research and clinical settings on visual and nonimage - forming visual systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 potential 2 applications
2 applications 3 of
2 applications 6 include
3 of 5 approach
4 our 5 approach
6 include 9 and
6 include 12 on
7 basic 8 research
8 research 9 and
9 and 11 settings
10 clinical 11 settings
12 on 14 and
13 visual 14 and
14 and 19 systems
15 nonimage 16 -
15 nonimage 19 systems
17 forming 19 systems
18 visual 19 systems

the extension of both median and maximum lifespan and the suppression of age - related diseases in laboratory animals by reduced food intake , i.e [.] , calorie restriction [(] cr ) are regarded as hallmarks of cr 's anti - aging action . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 regarded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 extension
2 extension 3 of
2 extension 9 and
3 of 8 lifespan
4 both 6 and
5 median 6 and
6 and 7 maximum
6 and 8 lifespan
9 and 11 suppression
9 and 33 are
10 the 11 suppression
11 suppression 12 of
12 of 13 age
13 age 16 diseases
13 age 25 i.e
14 - 16 diseases
15 related 16 diseases
16 diseases 17 in
16 diseases 24 ,
17 in 19 animals
18 laboratory 19 animals
19 animals 20 by
20 by 23 intake
21 reduced 22 food
22 food 23 intake
24 , 25 i.e
25 i.e 31 cr
25 i.e 32 )
27 , 31 cr
28 calorie 29 restriction
29 restriction 31 cr
31 cr 32 )
33 are 34 regarded
34 regarded 35 as
35 as 36 hallmarks
36 hallmarks 37 of
37 of 43 action
38 cr 39 's
39 's 43 action
40 anti 41 -
40 anti 43 action
42 aging 43 action

the diverse efficacy of cr to counteract aging effects and its experimental reproducibility has made it the gold standard of many aging intervention studies of recent years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 efficacy
2 diverse 3 efficacy
3 efficacy 4 of
3 efficacy 6 to
3 efficacy 7 counteract
3 efficacy 14 has
4 of 5 cr
6 to 7 counteract
7 counteract 10 and
8 aging 9 effects
9 effects 10 and
10 and 13 reproducibility
11 its 13 reproducibility
12 experimental 13 reproducibility
14 has 15 made
15 made 16 it
15 made 19 standard
17 the 19 standard
18 gold 19 standard
19 standard 20 of
19 standard 22 aging
19 standard 25 of
20 of 21 many
22 aging 24 studies
23 intervention 24 studies
25 of 27 years
26 recent 27 years

although cr originally was used as a tool to perturb the aging process of laboratory animals as to uncover clues of underlying mechanisms of aging processes , current cr research interests have shifted to the retardation of aging - related functional [decline] and the prevention of age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 interests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 shifted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 although 2 cr
1 although 5 used
1 although 31 interests
2 cr 4 was
3 originally 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 as
5 used 9 to
5 used 10 perturb
6 as 8 tool
7 a 8 tool
9 to 10 perturb
10 perturb 13 process
10 perturb 17 as
11 the 13 process
12 aging 13 process
13 process 14 of
14 of 16 animals
15 laboratory 16 animals
17 as 18 to
18 to 19 uncover
19 uncover 20 clues
21 of 23 mechanisms
21 of 27 ,
21 of 31 interests
22 underlying 23 mechanisms
23 mechanisms 24 of
24 of 25 aging
25 aging 26 processes
28 current 31 interests
29 cr 30 research
30 research 31 interests
31 interests 32 have
32 have 33 shifted
33 shifted 34 to
34 to 36 retardation
35 the 36 retardation
36 retardation 37 of
37 of 38 aging
39 - 40 related
40 related 50 diseases
41 functional 43 and
43 and 45 prevention
43 and 48 -
43 and 50 diseases
44 the 45 prevention
45 prevention 46 of
46 of 47 age
49 related 50 diseases

advances in cr research on [non] [-] human primates and recent [endeavors] using human subjects offer a promising outlook for cr 's beneficial effects in healthy human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 advances 2 in
1 advances 13 using
1 advances 16 offer
2 in 4 research
3 cr 4 research
4 research 5 on
5 on 10 and
8 human 9 primates
9 primates 10 and
10 and 11 recent
13 using 15 subjects
14 human 15 subjects
16 offer 19 outlook
17 a 19 outlook
18 promising 19 outlook
19 outlook 20 for
20 for 24 effects
21 cr 22 's
22 's 24 effects
23 beneficial 24 effects
24 effects 25 in
25 in 28 aging
26 healthy 28 aging
27 human 28 aging

in this review , several major issues related to cr 's anti - aging mechanisms are discussed by highlighting the importance of modulating deleterious chronic inflammation at molecular levels and the impact of epigenetic chromatin and histone modifications by cr at the ultimate control sites of gene expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 major
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 several
2 this 3 review
5 several 6 major
7 issues 8 related
8 related 9 to
8 related 27 at
8 related 39 by
8 related 49 .
9 to 14 aging
10 cr 11 's
11 's 14 aging
12 anti 13 -
12 anti 14 aging
14 aging 15 mechanisms
14 aging 19 highlighting
15 mechanisms 16 are
16 are 17 discussed
17 discussed 18 by
18 by 19 highlighting
19 highlighting 21 importance
20 the 21 importance
21 importance 22 of
22 of 26 inflammation
23 modulating 26 inflammation
24 deleterious 26 inflammation
25 chronic 26 inflammation
27 at 30 and
28 molecular 29 levels
29 levels 30 and
30 and 32 impact
30 and 33 of
31 the 32 impact
33 of 36 and
34 epigenetic 35 chromatin
35 chromatin 36 and
36 and 38 modifications
37 histone 38 modifications
39 by 40 cr
40 cr 41 at
40 cr 46 of
41 at 45 sites
42 the 45 sites
43 ultimate 44 control
44 control 45 sites
46 of 48 expression
47 gene 48 expression

the recent research on rapamycin as a cr [mimetic] is summarized and a brief description of intermittent feeding patterns is reviewed in comparison to the cr effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 research
2 recent 3 research
3 research 4 on
3 research 10 is
4 on 5 rapamycin
5 rapamycin 6 as
6 as 8 cr
7 a 8 cr
10 is 11 summarized
12 and 15 description
12 and 21 reviewed
13 a 15 description
14 brief 15 description
15 description 16 of
15 description 20 is
16 of 19 patterns
17 intermittent 19 patterns
18 feeding 19 patterns
20 is 21 reviewed
21 reviewed 22 in
22 in 23 comparison
23 comparison 24 to
24 to 27 effect
25 the 27 effect
26 cr 27 effect

the supplementary motor area ( sma ) has been regarded as a third speech area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 regarded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 area
2 supplementary 3 motor
3 motor 4 area
4 area 6 sma
4 area 8 has
5 ( 6 sma
6 sma 7 )
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 regarded
10 regarded 11 as
11 as 15 area
12 a 15 area
13 third 14 speech
14 speech 15 area

the sma is anatomically classified into two regions , pre - sma and sma proper , but the functional specialization of speech production between the two regions remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 classified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 sma
2 sma 3 is
3 is 4 anatomically
3 is 5 classified
5 classified 6 into
5 classified 15 proper
6 into 13 and
7 two 8 regions
8 regions 9 ,
9 , 12 sma
9 , 13 and
10 pre 11 -
10 pre 12 sma
13 and 14 sma
16 , 17 but
17 but 20 specialization
17 but 28 remains
18 the 20 specialization
19 functional 20 specialization
20 specialization 21 of
20 specialization 28 remains
21 of 23 production
22 speech 23 production
23 production 24 between
24 between 27 regions
25 the 27 regions
26 two 27 regions
28 remains 29 unknown

although word retrieval difficulties were often observed in older adults , there was no report as to whether the sma would be involved in the retrieval difficulties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 difficulties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 3 retrieval
1 although 4 difficulties
2 word 3 retrieval
4 difficulties 5 were
5 were 7 observed
6 often 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
8 in 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 , 12 there
11 , 13 was
12 there 13 was
13 was 15 report
13 was 17 to
14 no 15 report
16 as 17 to
17 to 18 whether
18 whether 20 sma
18 whether 23 involved
19 the 20 sma
20 sma 21 would
21 would 22 be
22 be 23 involved
23 involved 24 in
24 in 27 difficulties
25 the 27 difficulties
26 retrieval 27 difficulties

we focused on the sma as a function of word production and then used near - infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) with the verbal fluency task ( vft ) to explore the possible mechanism underlying the retrieval difficulties related to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 related
1 we 2 focused
2 focused 3 on
2 focused 30 to
3 on 5 sma
4 the 5 sma
5 sma 6 as
6 as 8 function
7 a 8 function
8 function 9 of
8 function 22 with
9 of 12 and
10 word 11 production
11 production 12 and
12 and 18 spectroscopy
12 and 20 nirs
13 then 14 used
14 used 18 spectroscopy
15 near 16 -
15 near 18 spectroscopy
17 infrared 18 spectroscopy
19 ( 20 nirs
20 nirs 21 )
22 with 26 task
23 the 26 task
24 verbal 26 task
25 fluency 26 task
26 task 28 vft
27 ( 28 vft
28 vft 29 )
30 to 31 explore
32 the 34 mechanism
33 possible 34 mechanism
34 mechanism 35 underlying
34 mechanism 39 related
35 underlying 38 difficulties
36 the 38 difficulties
37 retrieval 38 difficulties
39 related 40 to
39 related 42 .
40 to 41 aging

based on the anatomical differences within the sma , we relied on [region] - of [-] interest ( roi ) analysis to [compare] the brain activation patterns in the sma during vft between 11 healthy elder and 11 younger subjects in the situation where both groups show comparable task performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 on
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 9 ,
1 based 10 we
2 on 5 differences
3 the 5 differences
4 anatomical 5 differences
5 differences 6 within
6 within 8 sma
7 the 8 sma
10 we 12 on
11 relied 12 on
14 - 21 analysis
14 - 27 patterns
15 of 17 interest
15 of 21 analysis
18 ( 19 roi
19 roi 20 )
19 roi 21 analysis
21 analysis 22 to
21 analysis 27 patterns
22 to 26 activation
24 the 26 activation
25 brain 26 activation
27 patterns 28 in
27 patterns 50 performance
28 in 30 sma
29 the 30 sma
30 sma 31 during
31 during 32 vft
32 vft 33 between
33 between 34 11
35 healthy 50 performance
36 elder 37 and
37 and 40 subjects
37 and 50 performance
38 11 40 subjects
39 younger 40 subjects
40 subjects 41 in
40 subjects 44 where
41 in 43 situation
42 the 43 situation
44 where 46 groups
44 where 47 show
45 both 46 groups
46 groups 47 show
48 comparable 49 task
49 task 50 performance

notably , the anterior vft - [related] sma response was more robust in the younger than [in] [the] elder group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 9 response
3 the 9 response
4 anterior 9 response
5 vft 8 sma
6 - 8 sma
8 sma 9 response
9 response 10 was
10 was 12 robust
11 more 12 robust
12 robust 13 in
13 in 20 group
14 the 20 group
15 younger 20 group
16 than 19 elder
19 elder 20 group

furthermore , anterior sma responses in the elder group may only have a positive correlation with the vft performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 responses
3 anterior 5 responses
4 sma 5 responses
5 responses 6 in
5 responses 10 may
6 in 9 group
7 the 9 group
8 elder 9 group
10 may 12 have
11 only 12 have
12 have 15 correlation
12 have 16 with
13 a 14 positive
13 a 15 correlation
14 positive 15 correlation
16 with 19 performance
17 the 19 performance
18 vft 19 performance

the findings imply that anterior sma hypoactivity in elders may cause word retrieval difficulties , while bilateral prefrontal cortices , having close [connection] with the pre - sma , may contribute to the compensatory process that enables equivalent performance of the elder group with the younger one . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 imply
3 imply 7 hypoactivity
3 imply 11 cause
4 that 7 hypoactivity
5 anterior 7 hypoactivity
6 sma 7 hypoactivity
7 hypoactivity 8 in
7 hypoactivity 10 may
8 in 9 elders
10 may 11 cause
11 cause 14 difficulties
12 word 14 difficulties
13 retrieval 14 difficulties
15 , 21 having
15 , 31 contribute
16 while 19 cortices
16 while 20 ,
16 while 21 having
17 bilateral 19 cortices
18 prefrontal 19 cortices
21 having 22 close
21 having 30 may
22 close 24 with
24 with 26 pre
25 the 26 pre
26 pre 28 sma
27 - 28 sma
28 sma 29 ,
30 may 31 contribute
31 contribute 32 to
31 contribute 44 with
32 to 35 process
33 the 35 process
34 compensatory 35 process
35 process 36 that
35 process 37 enables
36 that 37 enables
37 enables 39 performance
38 equivalent 39 performance
39 performance 40 of
40 of 43 group
41 the 43 group
42 elder 43 group
44 with 47 one
45 the 47 one
46 younger 47 one

purpose : we assessed the risk of exstrophy - epispadias complex in children conceived [by] in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 assessed
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 6 risk
4 assessed 14 conceived
5 the 6 risk
6 risk 7 of
6 risk 14 conceived
7 of 10 epispadias
8 exstrophy 9 -
8 exstrophy 10 epispadias
10 epispadias 11 complex
11 complex 12 in
12 in 13 children
14 conceived 17 vitro
14 conceived 19 or
16 in 17 vitro
18 fertilization 19 or
19 or 22 injection
20 intracytoplasmic 21 sperm
21 sperm 22 injection

materials and methods : data from the german network for congenital uro - rectal malformations were compared to nationwide data from the german in vitro fertilization register and the german federal statistical office . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 data
4 : 13 -
5 data 6 from
5 data 10 for
6 from 9 network
7 the 9 network
8 german 9 network
10 for 12 uro
11 congenital 12 uro
13 - 14 rectal
13 - 17 compared
14 rectal 15 malformations
14 rectal 16 were
14 rectal 17 compared
15 malformations 16 were
17 compared 18 to
18 to 28 and
19 nationwide 20 data
20 data 21 from
20 data 28 and
21 from 27 register
22 the 27 register
23 german 24 in
24 in 25 vitro
25 vitro 26 fertilization
26 fertilization 27 register
28 and 33 office
29 the 33 office
30 german 31 federal
31 federal 32 statistical
32 statistical 33 office

odds ratios ( 95 % ci ) were determined to quantify associations using logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 quantify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 odds 2 ratios
1 odds 10 to
1 odds 11 quantify
2 ratios 6 ci
2 ratios 8 were
3 ( 6 ci
4 95 6 ci
5 % 6 ci
6 ci 7 )
8 were 9 determined
9 determined 10 to
11 quantify 12 associations
12 associations 13 using
13 using 15 regression
14 logistic 15 regression