indeed , age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is in part an important factor in the increased exponential mortality rates from vascular disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke that occurs in the ageing population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 3 age
3 age 12 and
4 is 8 factor
4 is 12 and
5 an 8 factor
6 independent 8 factor
7 risk 8 factor
8 factor 9 for
9 for 11 diseases
10 cardiovascular 11 diseases
12 and 13 is
12 and 19 in
12 and 36 in
13 is 15 part
13 is 18 factor
14 in 15 part
16 an 17 important
16 an 18 factor
17 important 18 factor
19 in 24 rates
20 the 24 rates
21 increased 23 mortality
22 exponential 23 mortality
23 mortality 24 rates
24 rates 25 from
25 from 27 disease
26 vascular 27 disease
27 disease 29 as
28 such 29 as
29 as 32 and
30 myocardial 31 infarction
31 infarction 32 and
32 and 33 stroke
32 and 34 that
32 and 35 occurs
34 that 35 occurs
36 in 39 population
37 the 39 population
38 ageing 39 population

there are a number of mechanisms suggested to explain age - related endothelial dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 6 mechanisms
3 a 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 mechanisms
5 of 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 suggested
7 suggested 8 to
8 to 9 explain
9 explain 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 14 dysfunction
13 endothelial 14 dysfunction

however , recent scientific studies have advanced the notion of oxidative stress and inflammation as the two major risk factors underlying aging and age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 however 2 ,
1 however 13 and
2 , 7 advanced
3 recent 5 studies
4 scientific 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 advanced
7 advanced 13 and
8 the 9 notion
9 notion 10 of
9 notion 13 and
10 of 12 stress
11 oxidative 12 stress
13 and 14 inflammation
13 and 23 and
14 inflammation 15 as
15 as 19 risk
16 the 19 risk
17 two 19 risk
18 major 19 risk
20 factors 22 aging
20 factors 23 and
21 underlying 22 aging
23 and 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 diseases
26 related 28 .

regular physical activity , known to have a favorable effect on cardiovascular health , can also improve the function of the ageing endothelium by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes , [as] we discuss in this paper . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 regular 3 activity
2 physical 3 activity
3 activity 5 known
3 activity 15 can
4 , 5 known
5 known 6 to
5 known 11 on
5 known 14 ,
6 to 7 have
7 have 10 effect
8 a 10 effect
9 favorable 10 effect
11 on 13 health
12 cardiovascular 13 health
15 can 17 improve
16 also 17 improve
17 improve 19 function
17 improve 24 by
17 improve 35 in
18 the 19 function
19 function 20 of
20 of 23 endothelium
21 the 23 endothelium
22 ageing 23 endothelium
24 by 28 and
25 modulating 27 stress
26 oxidative 27 stress
27 stress 28 and
28 and 30 processes
28 and 31 ,
28 and 33 we
28 and 34 discuss
29 inflammatory 30 processes
33 we 34 discuss
35 in 37 paper
36 this 37 paper

background : there is a paucity of research on alaska natives and their views on whether or not they believe they will age successfully in their home and community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 paucity
5 a 6 paucity
6 paucity 7 of
7 of 8 research
8 research 9 on
8 research 12 and
8 research 23 age
9 on 10 alaska
11 natives 12 and
12 and 14 views
12 and 15 on
12 and 23 age
13 their 14 views
15 on 18 not
16 whether 17 or
17 or 18 not
18 not 19 they
18 not 20 believe
19 they 20 believe
20 believe 21 they
20 believe 22 will
21 they 22 will
23 age 24 successfully
23 age 25 in
25 in 28 and
26 their 27 home
27 home 28 and
28 and 29 community

there is limited understanding of aging experiences across generations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 understanding
2 is 8 across
3 limited 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
5 of 6 aging
6 aging 7 experiences
8 across 9 generations

objective : this research explores the concept of successful aging from an urban alaska native perspective and explores whether or not they believe they will achieve a healthy older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 research
3 this 4 research
4 research 17 and
5 explores 7 concept
5 explores 17 and
6 the 7 concept
7 concept 8 of
8 of 10 aging
9 successful 10 aging
10 aging 11 from
11 from 16 perspective
12 an 13 urban
12 an 16 perspective
13 urban 16 perspective
14 alaska 16 perspective
15 native 16 perspective
17 and 18 explores
17 and 21 not
19 whether 20 or
20 or 21 not
21 not 22 they
21 not 23 believe
22 they 23 believe
23 believe 24 they
23 believe 26 achieve
24 they 25 will
25 will 26 achieve
26 achieve 30 age
27 a 28 healthy
27 a 30 age
28 healthy 30 age
29 older 30 age

design : a cultural consensus model ( ccm ) [approach] was used to gain a sense of the cultural understandings of aging among young alaska natives aged 50 years and younger . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 6 model
2 : 12 used
3 a 4 cultural
3 a 6 model
4 cultural 6 model
5 consensus 6 model
6 model 8 ccm
6 model 11 was
7 ( 8 ccm
8 ccm 9 )
11 was 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 gain
13 to 14 gain
14 gain 30 and
15 a 16 sense
16 sense 17 of
16 sense 21 of
16 sense 30 and
17 of 20 understandings
18 the 20 understandings
19 cultural 20 understandings
21 of 22 aging
22 aging 23 among
22 aging 29 years
23 among 25 alaska
24 young 25 alaska
25 alaska 27 aged
26 natives 27 aged
28 50 29 years
30 and 31 younger

results : research findings indicate that aging successfully is making the conscious decision to live a clean and healthy life , abstaining from drugs and alcohol , but some of alaska natives do not feel they will age well due to lifestyle factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 making
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 research
3 research 4 findings
3 research 10 making
4 findings 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 7 aging
6 that 9 is
7 aging 9 is
8 successfully 9 is
9 is 10 making
10 making 13 decision
10 making 25 and
11 the 13 decision
12 conscious 13 decision
13 decision 14 to
13 decision 15 live
14 to 15 live
16 a 20 life
17 clean 18 and
18 and 19 healthy
18 and 20 life
20 life 21 ,
21 , 22 abstaining
21 , 25 and
22 abstaining 23 from
23 from 24 drugs
25 and 26 alcohol
25 and 28 but
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 some
28 but 44 .
29 some 30 of
29 some 32 natives
29 some 38 age
30 of 31 alaska
32 natives 33 do
33 do 34 not
33 do 35 feel
35 feel 36 they
35 feel 38 age
36 they 37 will
37 will 38 age
38 age 39 well
38 age 41 to
40 due 41 to
41 to 43 factors
42 lifestyle 43 factors

alaska natives see the inability to age well [as] primarily due to the decrease in physical activity , lack of availability of subsistence foods and activities , and the difficulty of living a balanced life in urban settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 natives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 see
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 alaska 2 natives
2 natives 3 see
3 see 5 inability
3 see 8 well
4 the 5 inability
5 inability 6 to
5 inability 7 age
6 to 7 age
8 well 10 primarily
8 well 35 life
8 well 36 in
10 primarily 12 to
11 due 12 to
12 to 28 and
13 the 14 decrease
14 decrease 15 in
14 decrease 18 ,
15 in 17 activity
16 physical 17 activity
18 , 19 lack
18 , 25 and
19 lack 20 of
19 lack 22 of
20 of 21 availability
22 of 24 foods
23 subsistence 24 foods
25 and 26 activities
25 and 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 difficulty
28 and 31 of
29 the 30 difficulty
31 of 32 living
33 a 35 life
34 balanced 35 life
36 in 38 settings
37 urban 38 settings

conclusions : this research seeks to inform future studies on successful aging that incorporates the experiences and wisdom of alaska natives in hopes of developing an awareness of the importance of practicing a healthy lifestyle and developing guidelines to assist others to age well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 4 research
2 : 5 seeks
2 : 17 and
3 this 4 research
4 research 5 seeks
5 seeks 6 to
5 seeks 7 inform
6 to 7 inform
7 inform 9 studies
7 inform 10 on
7 inform 13 that
7 inform 14 incorporates
8 future 9 studies
10 on 12 aging
11 successful 12 aging
13 that 14 incorporates
14 incorporates 16 experiences
15 the 16 experiences
17 and 36 and
17 and 43 age
18 wisdom 19 of
18 wisdom 31 of
18 wisdom 36 and
19 of 21 natives
20 alaska 21 natives
21 natives 22 in
22 in 23 hopes
23 hopes 24 of
24 of 25 developing
25 developing 27 awareness
26 an 27 awareness
27 awareness 28 of
28 of 30 importance
29 the 30 importance
31 of 32 practicing
32 practicing 35 lifestyle
33 a 34 healthy
33 a 35 lifestyle
34 healthy 35 lifestyle
36 and 38 guidelines
36 and 39 to
36 and 42 to
36 and 43 age
37 developing 38 guidelines
39 to 40 assist
40 assist 41 others
40 assist 42 to
43 age 44 well

neurodegenerative diseases share diverse pathological features and among these oxidative stress ( os ) plays a leading role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 share
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 neurodegenerative 2 diseases
2 diseases 3 share
3 share 6 features
4 diverse 6 features
5 pathological 6 features
7 and 11 stress
7 and 15 plays
8 among 9 these
8 among 11 stress
10 oxidative 11 stress
11 stress 13 os
11 stress 15 plays
12 ( 13 os
13 os 14 )
15 plays 18 role
16 a 18 role
17 leading 18 role

impaired activity and reduced expression of antioxidant proteins have been reported as common events in several aging - associated disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 impaired 2 activity
2 activity 3 and
3 and 5 expression
3 and 6 of
3 and 11 reported
3 and 17 aging
3 and 19 associated
4 reduced 5 expression
6 of 7 antioxidant
7 antioxidant 8 proteins
7 antioxidant 10 been
8 proteins 9 have
9 have 10 been
11 reported 12 as
12 as 14 events
12 as 17 aging
13 common 14 events
14 events 15 in
14 events 17 aging
15 in 16 several
17 aging 18 -
19 associated 20 disorders

in this review paper , we first provide an overview of the involvement of reactive oxygen species [-] ( ros - [ )(induced oxidative damage in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 4 paper
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 this 4 paper
3 review 4 paper
6 we 8 provide
7 first 8 provide
8 provide 10 overview
9 an 10 overview
10 overview 11 of
10 overview 14 of
11 of 13 involvement
12 the 13 involvement
14 of 17 species
15 reactive 17 species
16 oxygen 17 species
17 species 20 ros
19 ( 20 ros
20 ros 33 and
20 ros 39 )
21 - 33 and
23 )(induced 25 damage
24 oxidative 25 damage
25 damage 26 in
25 damage 33 and
26 in 29 disease
27 parkinson 28 's
28 's 29 disease
29 disease 31 pd
30 ( 31 pd
31 pd 32 )
33 and 36 sclerosis
33 and 38 als
33 and 39 )
34 amyotrophic 36 sclerosis
35 lateral 36 sclerosis
37 ( 38 als
38 als 39 )

subsequently , we focus on dj - [1] and sod1 proteins , which are involved in pd and als and also exert a prominent role in the interaction between redox homeostasis and neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 3 we
3 we 20 and
4 focus 5 on
4 focus 16 in
4 focus 20 and
5 on 9 and
6 dj 9 and
7 - 9 and
9 and 11 proteins
9 and 12 ,
9 and 13 which
9 and 14 are
10 sod1 11 proteins
13 which 14 are
14 are 15 involved
16 in 18 and
17 pd 18 and
18 and 19 als
20 and 22 exert
20 and 29 between
21 also 22 exert
22 exert 25 role
22 exert 26 in
23 a 25 role
24 prominent 25 role
26 in 28 interaction
27 the 28 interaction
29 between 32 and
30 redox 31 homeostasis
31 homeostasis 32 and
32 and 33 neurodegeneration

interestingly , recent studies demonstrated that dj - [1] and sod1 are both tightly connected with nrf2 protein , a transcriptional factor and master regulator of the expression of many antioxidant/detoxification genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 that
6 that 10 and
6 that 12 are
7 dj 10 and
8 - 10 and
10 and 11 sod1
10 and 12 are
12 are 13 both
13 both 15 connected
14 tightly 15 connected
15 connected 16 with
16 with 23 and
17 nrf2 18 protein
18 protein 19 ,
19 , 22 factor
19 , 23 and
20 a 21 transcriptional
20 a 22 factor
21 transcriptional 22 factor
23 and 25 regulator
23 and 26 of
24 master 25 regulator
26 of 28 expression
27 the 28 expression
28 expression 29 of
29 of 32 genes
30 many 32 genes
31 antioxidant/detoxification 32 genes

nrf2 is emerging as a key neuroprotective protein in neurodegenerative diseases , since it helps neuronal cells to cope with toxic insults and os . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nrf2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 nrf2 2 is
2 is 3 emerging
3 emerging 4 as
3 emerging 9 in
3 emerging 13 since
4 as 8 protein
5 a 8 protein
6 key 8 protein
7 neuroprotective 8 protein
9 in 11 diseases
10 neurodegenerative 11 diseases
12 , 13 since
13 since 14 it
13 since 15 helps
13 since 25 .
14 it 15 helps
15 helps 17 cells
15 helps 18 to
15 helps 19 cope
16 neuronal 17 cells
18 to 19 cope
19 cope 20 with
20 with 23 and
21 toxic 22 insults
22 insults 23 and
23 and 24 os

we [herein] summarize the recent literature providing a detailed picture of the promising therapeutic efficacy of nrf2 natural and synthetic inducers as disease - modifying molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarize
1 we 3 summarize
3 summarize 6 literature
3 summarize 22 as
4 the 6 literature
5 recent 6 literature
6 literature 7 providing
6 literature 11 of
6 literature 16 of
7 providing 10 picture
8 a 10 picture
9 detailed 10 picture
11 of 15 efficacy
12 the 15 efficacy
13 promising 15 efficacy
14 therapeutic 15 efficacy
16 of 21 inducers
17 nrf2 21 inducers
18 natural 19 and
19 and 20 synthetic
19 and 21 inducers
22 as 23 disease
23 disease 25 modifying
24 - 25 modifying
25 modifying 26 molecules
25 modifying 27 for
25 modifying 33 .
27 for 29 treatment
28 the 29 treatment
29 treatment 30 of
30 of 32 diseases
31 neurodegenerative 32 diseases

purpose : to study the feasibility of first , reaching functionally declined , but still independent older persons at risk of [falls] through their general practitioner ( gp ) and second , to [reduce] their physiological and psychological fall risk factors with a complex exercise intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 study
2 : 30 and
3 to 4 study
4 study 14 but
4 study 18 persons
4 study 19 at
5 the 6 feasibility
6 feasibility 7 of
6 feasibility 9 ,
7 of 8 first
9 , 10 reaching
9 , 14 but
10 reaching 12 declined
11 functionally 12 declined
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 still
14 but 17 older
15 still 16 independent
19 at 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
20 risk 28 gp
21 of 23 through
23 through 26 practitioner
24 their 26 practitioner
25 general 26 practitioner
27 ( 28 gp
28 gp 29 )
30 and 41 factors
30 and 45 exercise
31 second 32 ,
31 second 41 factors
33 to 39 fall
33 to 41 factors
35 their 39 fall
36 physiological 37 and
37 and 38 psychological
37 and 39 fall
40 risk 41 factors
41 factors 42 with
41 factors 45 exercise
42 with 44 complex
43 a 44 complex
45 exercise 46 intervention

we investigated the effects of a 16 [-] week exercise intervention on physiological [(] [function] , strength , and balance ) and psychological ( fear of falling ) outcomes in community [-] dwelling older persons in comparison with usual care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 effects
2 investigated 12 on
2 investigated 30 in
2 investigated 38 with
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
5 of 11 intervention
6 a 11 intervention
7 16 9 week
9 week 11 intervention
10 exercise 11 intervention
12 on 22 and
13 physiological 16 ,
16 , 17 strength
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 balance
19 and 21 )
19 and 22 and
22 and 29 outcomes
23 psychological 25 fear
23 psychological 29 outcomes
24 ( 25 fear
25 fear 26 of
25 fear 28 )
26 of 27 falling
30 in 35 persons
31 community 33 dwelling
33 dwelling 35 persons
34 older 35 persons
35 persons 36 in
36 in 37 comparison
38 with 40 care
39 usual 40 care

in addition , we obtained data [on] [adherence] of the participants to the exercise program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 obtained
5 obtained 6 data
5 obtained 12 to
6 data 9 of
9 of 11 participants
10 the 11 participants
12 to 15 program
13 the 15 program
14 exercise 15 program

methods : tests on physical and psychological fall risk were conducted at study inclusion , and after the 16 - week intervention period in the gp office setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 tests
2 : 11 conducted
2 : 20 -
3 tests 4 on
3 tests 10 were
4 on 9 risk
5 physical 6 and
6 and 7 psychological
6 and 8 fall
8 fall 9 risk
10 were 11 conducted
11 conducted 16 and
12 at 14 inclusion
12 at 16 and
13 study 14 inclusion
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 after
17 after 19 16
18 the 19 16
20 - 23 period
21 week 22 intervention
22 intervention 23 period
23 period 24 in
23 period 28 setting
24 in 27 office
25 the 27 office
26 gp 27 office

[the] 16 - week intervention included progressive and challenging balance , gait , and strength exercise as well as changes to behavioral aspects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 16
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 16 3 -
3 - 7 progressive
4 week 6 included
5 intervention 6 included
6 included 7 progressive
8 and 14 and
8 and 16 exercise
9 challenging 10 balance
10 balance 11 ,
11 , 12 gait
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 strength
14 and 16 exercise
16 exercise 17 as
16 exercise 19 as
17 as 18 well
19 as 20 changes
20 changes 21 to
21 to 23 aspects
22 behavioral 23 aspects

to account for the hierarchical structure in the chosen study design , [with] patients nested in gps and measurements nested in patients , a [three] - level linear mixed effects model was determined for analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 to 2 account
2 account 3 for
3 for 6 structure
4 the 6 structure
5 hierarchical 6 structure
6 structure 7 in
7 in 11 design
8 the 11 design
9 chosen 10 study
10 study 11 design
12 , 14 patients
12 , 15 nested
12 , 18 and
14 patients 15 nested
15 nested 16 in
16 in 17 gps
18 and 19 measurements
18 and 20 nested
19 measurements 20 nested
20 nested 21 in
20 nested 26 -
21 in 22 patients
23 , 26 -
24 a 26 -
26 - 30 effects
26 - 36 .
27 level 30 effects
28 linear 30 effects
29 mixed 30 effects
30 effects 31 model
30 effects 32 was
30 effects 33 determined
31 model 32 was
33 determined 34 for
34 for 35 analysis

results : in total , 33 gps recruited 378 participants ( 75.4 % females ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 10 participants
4 total 5 ,
4 total 10 participants
6 33 8 recruited
7 gps 8 recruited
8 recruited 10 participants
9 378 10 participants
10 participants 14 females
11 ( 14 females
12 75.4 14 females
13 % 14 females
14 females 15 )

the mean age of the participants was 78.1 years ( standard deviation 5.9 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 7 was
4 of 6 participants
5 the 6 participants
7 was 9 years
8 78.1 9 years
9 years 14 years
10 ( 14 years
11 standard 12 deviation
12 deviation 14 years
13 5.9 14 years
14 years 15 )

for balance , a relative improvement of 0.8 seconds was accomplished , and [anxiety] [about] falls was reduced by 3.7 points in the falls efficacy scale - international ( fes - i ) , in the intervention group relative to control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 relative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 for 2 balance
1 for 3 ,
1 for 5 relative
4 a 5 relative
5 relative 6 improvement
5 relative 13 and
5 relative 17 was
6 improvement 7 of
6 improvement 13 and
7 of 9 seconds
8 0.8 9 seconds
10 was 11 accomplished
10 was 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 falls
17 was 18 reduced
18 reduced 19 by
18 reduced 22 in
18 reduced 31 -
19 by 21 points
20 3.7 21 points
22 in 26 scale
23 the 26 scale
24 falls 25 efficacy
25 efficacy 26 scale
27 - 31 -
28 international 30 fes
29 ( 30 fes
30 fes 31 -
31 - 32 i
31 - 33 )
34 , 42 group
35 in 39 relative
35 in 42 group
36 the 39 relative
37 intervention 39 relative
38 group 39 relative
39 relative 40 to
40 to 41 control

in total , 76.6 % ( n = 170 [ )(of the intervention group participated in more than 75 % [the] supervised group sessions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 total
2 total 3 ,
2 total 5 %
4 76.6 5 %
5 % 8 =
5 % 15 participated
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 170
9 170 11 )(of
11 )(of 14 group
12 the 14 group
13 intervention 14 group
15 participated 16 in
15 participated 18 than
16 in 17 more
18 than 24 sessions
19 75 20 %
20 % 24 sessions
22 supervised 23 group
23 group 24 sessions

conclusion : the strategy to address older persons at high risk of falling in the gp setting with a complex exercise intervention was successful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 strategy
2 : 23 was
2 : 25 .
3 the 4 strategy
4 strategy 5 to
4 strategy 6 address
4 strategy 23 was
5 to 6 address
6 address 8 persons
7 older 8 persons
8 persons 9 at
8 persons 12 of
8 persons 17 setting
9 at 11 risk
10 high 11 risk
12 of 13 falling
13 falling 14 in
14 in 16 gp
15 the 16 gp
17 setting 18 with
18 with 22 intervention
19 a 22 intervention
20 complex 21 exercise
21 exercise 22 intervention
23 was 24 successful

in functionally declined , community - dwelling , older persons a complex intervention for reducing fall risks was [effective] compared with usual care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 3 declined
2 functionally 3 declined
4 , 5 community
4 , 6 -
6 - 7 dwelling
6 - 8 ,
6 - 24 .
8 , 10 persons
8 , 20 compared
9 older 10 persons
10 persons 13 intervention
10 persons 18 was
10 persons 20 compared
11 a 13 intervention
12 complex 13 intervention
13 intervention 14 for
13 intervention 16 fall
13 intervention 17 risks
13 intervention 18 was
14 for 15 reducing
16 fall 17 risks
20 compared 21 with
21 with 23 care
22 usual 23 care

background : aging causes physiological and functional changes that [impair] pulmonary function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 8 changes
2 : 13 .
3 aging 4 causes
3 aging 6 and
3 aging 8 changes
5 physiological 6 and
6 and 7 functional
8 changes 12 function
9 that 12 function
11 pulmonary 12 function

incentive spirometry is widely used for lung expansion , but the effects of volume - oriented incentive spirometry ( vis ) versus flow - oriented incentive spirometry ( fis ) on chest wall volumes , inspiratory muscle activity , and thoracoabdominal synchrony in the elderly are poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 spirometry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 incentive 2 spirometry
2 spirometry 3 is
3 is 5 used
4 widely 5 used
5 used 6 for
6 for 8 expansion
7 lung 8 expansion
9 , 37 muscle
9 , 48 understood
10 but 12 effects
10 but 30 )
10 but 37 muscle
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
12 effects 22 versus
13 of 14 volume
14 volume 18 spirometry
15 - 18 spirometry
16 oriented 18 spirometry
17 incentive 18 spirometry
18 spirometry 20 vis
18 spirometry 21 )
19 ( 20 vis
20 vis 21 )
22 versus 23 flow
23 flow 27 spirometry
24 - 27 spirometry
25 oriented 27 spirometry
26 incentive 27 spirometry
27 spirometry 29 fis
27 spirometry 30 )
28 ( 29 fis
29 fis 30 )
31 on 34 volumes
31 on 35 ,
31 on 37 muscle
32 chest 33 wall
33 wall 34 volumes
36 inspiratory 37 muscle
37 muscle 40 and
37 muscle 46 are
37 muscle 48 understood
38 activity 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 synchrony
40 and 43 in
40 and 46 are
41 thoracoabdominal 42 synchrony
43 in 45 elderly
44 the 45 elderly
47 poorly 48 understood

we compared vis and fis in elderly subjects and healthy adult subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 5 fis
2 compared 6 in
3 vis 4 and
4 and 5 fis
6 in 9 and
7 elderly 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 and
9 and 12 subjects
10 healthy 11 adult
11 adult 12 subjects

chest wall kinematics ( via optoelectronic plethysmography ) and inspiratory muscle activity ( via surface electromyography ) were assessed simultaneously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 wall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 chest 2 wall
2 wall 3 kinematics
3 kinematics 5 via
4 ( 5 via
5 via 7 plethysmography
5 via 8 )
6 optoelectronic 7 plethysmography
9 and 12 activity
9 and 19 assessed
10 inspiratory 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 activity
12 activity 14 via
12 activity 18 were
13 ( 14 via
14 via 16 electromyography
14 via 17 )
15 surface 16 electromyography
18 were 19 assessed
19 assessed 20 simultaneously

synchrony between the superior thorax and abdominal motion [was] calculated [(] phase angle ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 synchrony 2 between
1 synchrony 6 and
2 between 5 thorax
3 the 5 thorax
4 superior 5 thorax
6 and 13 angle
6 and 14 )
7 abdominal 8 motion
8 motion 10 calculated
10 calculated 12 phase
12 phase 13 angle

results : in the elderly subjects both types of incentive spirometry increased chest wall volumes similarly , whereas in the healthy adult subjects vis increased the chest wall volume more than did fis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 11 spirometry
2 : 12 increased
2 : 17 ,
3 in 6 subjects
3 in 11 spirometry
4 the 6 subjects
5 elderly 6 subjects
7 both 8 types
8 types 9 of
8 types 11 spirometry
9 of 11 spirometry
10 incentive 11 spirometry
11 spirometry 12 increased
12 increased 15 volumes
12 increased 16 similarly
13 chest 14 wall
14 wall 15 volumes
17 , 30 more
17 , 32 did
18 whereas 24 vis
18 whereas 25 increased
18 whereas 30 more
19 in 23 subjects
19 in 24 vis
20 the 23 subjects
21 healthy 23 subjects
22 adult 23 subjects
24 vis 25 increased
25 increased 29 volume
26 the 29 volume
27 chest 28 wall
28 wall 29 volume
30 more 32 did
31 than 32 did
32 did 33 fis

fis and vis triggered similar lower thoracoabdominal synchrony in the elderly subjects , whereas in the healthy adults fis induced lower synchrony than did vis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 fis 2 and
2 and 3 vis
3 vis 4 triggered
4 triggered 8 synchrony
4 triggered 9 in
4 triggered 14 whereas
5 similar 8 synchrony
6 lower 8 synchrony
7 thoracoabdominal 8 synchrony
9 in 12 subjects
10 the 12 subjects
11 elderly 12 subjects
13 , 14 whereas
14 whereas 19 fis
15 in 18 adults
15 in 19 fis
16 the 18 adults
17 healthy 18 adults
19 fis 20 induced
20 induced 22 synchrony
20 induced 23 than
21 lower 22 synchrony
23 than 24 did
24 did 25 vis

fis required more muscle activity in the elderly subjects to create an increase in chest wall volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 fis 2 required
2 required 5 activity
2 required 6 in
2 required 10 to
2 required 11 create
3 more 5 activity
4 muscle 5 activity
6 in 9 subjects
7 the 9 subjects
8 elderly 9 subjects
10 to 11 create
11 create 13 increase
11 create 14 in
12 an 13 increase
14 in 17 volume
15 chest 17 volume
16 wall 17 volume

conclusions : incentive spirometry performance is influenced by age , and the differences between elderly and healthy adults response should be considered in clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 performance
2 : 7 influenced
2 : 11 and
2 : 26 .
3 incentive 5 performance
4 spirometry 5 performance
5 performance 6 is
6 is 7 influenced
7 influenced 8 by
8 by 9 age
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 differences
11 and 22 considered
12 the 13 differences
13 differences 14 between
13 differences 20 should
14 between 16 and
15 elderly 16 and
16 and 19 response
17 healthy 18 adults
18 adults 19 response
20 should 21 be
21 be 22 considered
22 considered 23 in
23 in 25 practice
24 clinical 25 practice

impaired learning and memory performance is often found in aging as an early sign of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 impaired 2 learning
2 learning 3 and
3 and 4 memory
3 and 5 performance
3 and 10 aging
5 performance 6 is
6 is 8 found
7 often 8 found
8 found 9 in
9 in 10 aging
10 aging 11 as
11 as 14 sign
12 an 13 early
12 an 14 sign
13 early 14 sign
14 sign 15 of
15 of 16 dementia

it is associated with neuronal loss and reduced functioning of cholinergic networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 7 and
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 7 and
4 with 6 loss
5 neuronal 6 loss
7 and 8 reduced
7 and 9 functioning
9 functioning 10 of
10 of 12 networks
11 cholinergic 12 networks

here we present evidence that the neurokinin3 receptors ( nk3 - r ) and their influence [on] acetylcholine ( ach ) release may represent a crucial mechanism that underlies age - related deficits in learning and memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 present
3 present 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 7 neurokinin3
5 that 24 represent
6 the 7 neurokinin3
7 neurokinin3 8 receptors
7 neurokinin3 22 release
7 neurokinin3 23 may
8 receptors 14 and
8 receptors 22 release
9 ( 14 and
10 nk3 12 r
10 nk3 14 and
11 - 12 r
12 r 13 )
14 and 18 acetylcholine
14 and 20 ach
14 and 21 )
15 their 18 acetylcholine
16 influence 18 acetylcholine
19 ( 20 ach
20 ach 21 )
23 may 24 represent
24 represent 27 mechanism
25 a 27 mechanism
26 crucial 27 mechanism
27 mechanism 28 that
27 mechanism 29 underlies
28 that 29 underlies
29 underlies 30 age
31 - 32 related
32 related 36 and
32 related 38 .
33 deficits 34 in
33 deficits 36 and
34 in 35 learning
36 and 37 memory

repeated pharmacological stimulation of nk3 - r in aged rats [was] found to improve learning in the water maze and [in] object - place recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 repeated
1 repeated 3 stimulation
1 repeated 26 .
2 pharmacological 3 stimulation
3 stimulation 4 of
4 of 5 nk3
5 nk3 20 and
6 - 20 and
7 r 8 in
7 r 16 in
7 r 20 and
8 in 10 rats
9 aged 10 rats
10 rats 12 found
10 rats 15 learning
12 found 13 to
13 to 14 improve
16 in 19 maze
17 the 19 maze
18 water 19 maze
20 and 22 object
20 and 25 recognition
20 and 26 .
23 - 25 recognition
24 place 25 recognition
25 recognition 26 .

this treatment also enhanced in vivo acetylcholinergic activity in the frontal cortex , hippocampus , and amygdala but reduced nk3 - [r] mrna expression in the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 mrna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 treatment
2 treatment 18 but
3 also 4 enhanced
4 enhanced 8 activity
4 enhanced 9 in
4 enhanced 18 but
5 in 6 vivo
6 vivo 7 acetylcholinergic
7 acetylcholinergic 8 activity
9 in 16 and
10 the 12 cortex
11 frontal 12 cortex
12 cortex 13 ,
13 , 14 hippocampus
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 amygdala
18 but 19 reduced
19 reduced 20 nk3
21 - 23 mrna
23 mrna 24 expression
24 expression 25 in
25 in 27 hippocampus
26 the 27 hippocampus

furthermore , nk3 - r [agonism] incurred a significantly higher increase in ach levels in aged animals that showed superior learning than in those that were most deficient in learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 r
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 incurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 r
2 , 3 nk3
3 nk3 4 -
3 nk3 5 r
5 r 7 incurred
7 incurred 11 increase
7 incurred 12 in
7 incurred 22 than
8 a 11 increase
9 significantly 10 higher
10 higher 11 increase
12 in 14 levels
13 ach 14 levels
14 levels 15 in
14 levels 18 that
14 levels 19 showed
15 in 17 animals
16 aged 17 animals
18 that 19 showed
19 showed 21 learning
20 superior 21 learning
22 than 25 that
22 than 26 were
22 than 28 deficient
23 in 24 those
23 in 25 that
25 that 26 were
27 most 28 deficient
28 deficient 29 in
29 in 30 learning

our findings suggest that the induced activation of ach , rather than basal ach activity , is associated with superior learning in the aged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 activation
4 that 18 associated
5 the 7 activation
6 induced 7 activation
7 activation 8 of
7 activation 17 is
8 of 9 ach
10 , 12 than
11 rather 12 than
12 than 15 activity
12 than 16 ,
12 than 17 is
13 basal 15 activity
14 ach 15 activity
17 is 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 22 in
19 with 21 learning
20 superior 21 learning
22 in 24 aged
23 the 24 aged

to test whether natural variation in nk3 [-] r [function] also determines learning and memory performance in aged humans , we investigated 209 elderly patients with cognitive impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 3 whether
2 test 17 in
3 whether 5 variation
3 whether 12 determines
4 natural 5 variation
5 variation 6 in
5 variation 12 determines
6 in 7 nk3
7 nk3 9 r
11 also 12 determines
12 determines 14 and
13 learning 14 and
14 and 16 performance
15 memory 16 performance
17 in 19 humans
18 aged 19 humans
20 , 21 we
20 , 22 investigated
21 we 22 investigated
22 investigated 25 patients
22 investigated 26 with
23 209 25 patients
24 elderly 25 patients
26 with 28 impairments
27 cognitive 28 impairments

we found that of the 15 analyzed single single - nucleotide ploymorphism ( snps ) of the nk3 - r - coding gene , tacr3 , the rs2765 snp predicted the degree of impairment of learning and memory in these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 of
4 of 9 single
5 the 9 single
6 15 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 9 single
8 single 9 single
9 single 12 ploymorphism
9 single 16 of
10 - 12 ploymorphism
11 nucleotide 12 ploymorphism
12 ploymorphism 14 snps
12 ploymorphism 15 )
13 ( 14 snps
14 snps 15 )
16 of 23 gene
17 the 23 gene
18 nk3 20 r
18 nk3 22 coding
19 - 20 r
20 r 21 -
22 coding 23 gene
23 gene 25 tacr3
23 gene 28 rs2765
24 , 25 tacr3
25 tacr3 26 ,
26 , 28 rs2765
27 the 28 rs2765
28 rs2765 29 snp
28 rs2765 30 predicted
28 rs2765 42 .
29 snp 30 predicted
30 predicted 37 and
30 predicted 39 in
31 the 32 degree
32 degree 33 of
32 degree 37 and
33 of 37 and
34 impairment 35 of
34 impairment 37 and
35 of 36 learning
37 and 38 memory
39 in 41 patients
40 these 41 patients

this relationship could be partially explained by a reduced right hippocampus volume in a subsample of 111 tested dementia patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 could
3 could 4 be
4 be 6 explained
5 partially 6 explained
6 explained 7 by
6 explained 13 in
7 by 12 volume
8 a 12 volume
9 reduced 10 right
10 right 11 hippocampus
11 hippocampus 12 volume
13 in 15 subsample
14 a 15 subsample
15 subsample 16 of
16 of 20 patients
17 111 20 patients
18 tested 20 patients
19 dementia 20 patients

these data indicate the nk3 [-] r as an important target to predict and improve learning and memory performance in the aged organism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 14 and
3 indicate 5 nk3
3 indicate 8 as
3 indicate 14 and
4 the 5 nk3
5 nk3 7 r
8 as 11 target
9 an 10 important
9 an 11 target
10 important 11 target
11 target 12 to
11 target 13 predict
12 to 13 predict
14 and 15 improve
14 and 20 in
15 improve 17 and
16 learning 17 and
17 and 19 performance
18 memory 19 performance
20 in 23 organism
21 the 23 organism
22 aged 23 organism

background : experimental evidence has demonstrated an antineoplastic role for vitamin d in the colon , and [higher] circulating 25 - hydroxyvitamin d [ 25 ( oh )d ] levels are consistently associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 experimental
2 : 6 demonstrated
2 : 17 and
3 experimental 4 evidence
3 experimental 5 has
3 experimental 6 demonstrated
4 evidence 5 has
6 demonstrated 9 role
6 demonstrated 10 for
6 demonstrated 13 in
7 an 8 antineoplastic
7 an 9 role
8 antineoplastic 9 role
10 for 11 vitamin
11 vitamin 12 d
13 in 15 colon
14 the 15 colon
16 , 17 and
17 and 30 levels
17 and 33 associated
19 circulating 20 25
19 circulating 29 ]
19 circulating 30 levels
20 25 22 hydroxyvitamin
21 - 22 hydroxyvitamin
22 hydroxyvitamin 23 d
22 hydroxyvitamin 27 oh
22 hydroxyvitamin 29 ]
24 [ 27 oh
25 25 27 oh
26 ( 27 oh
27 oh 28 )d
27 oh 29 ]
30 levels 31 are
31 are 33 associated
32 consistently 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 37 risk
35 a 37 risk
36 lower 37 risk
37 risk 38 of
38 of 40 cancer
39 colorectal 40 cancer

genome - wide association studies have identified loci associated with levels of circulating 25 ( oh [ ] . [the] identified single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) from four gene regions collectively explain approximately 5 % of the variance in circulating 25 ( oh )d [.] methods : we investigated whether [five] [polymorphisms] in gc , cyp2r1 , cyp24a1 , and dhcr7/nadsyn1 , genes previously shown to be associated with circulating 25 ( oh )d levels , were associated with colorectal cancer risk in 10,061 cases and 12,768 controls drawn from 13 studies included in the genetics and epidemiology of colorectal cancer consortium ( gecco ) and colon cancer family registry ( ccfr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 5 studies
2 - 6 have
3 wide 4 association
4 association 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 8 loci
6 have 10 with
7 identified 8 loci
8 loci 9 associated
10 with 11 levels
11 levels 12 of
11 levels 16 oh
11 levels 20 [the]
12 of 13 circulating
14 25 16 oh
15 ( 16 oh
16 oh 18 ]
16 oh 20 [the]
20 [the] 24 nucleotide
20 [the] 28 )
21 identified 22 single
21 identified 23 -
23 - 24 nucleotide
24 nucleotide 26 (
25 polymorphisms 26 (
26 ( 27 snps
28 ) 29 from
29 from 31 gene
29 from 33 collectively
29 from 37 %
30 four 31 gene
31 gene 33 collectively
32 regions 33 collectively
33 collectively 36 5
34 explain 35 approximately
35 approximately 36 5
37 % 39 the
38 of 39 the
39 the 40 variance
39 the 49 :
39 the 50 we
40 variance 41 in
41 in 47 [.]
41 in 48 methods
42 circulating 44 (
43 25 44 (
44 ( 45 oh
44 ( 47 [.]
47 [.] 48 methods
49 : 50 we
50 we 51 investigated
51 investigated 54 [polymorphisms]
54 [polymorphisms] 61 ,
55 in 56 gc
56 gc 57 ,
56 gc 61 ,
57 , 59 ,
58 cyp2r1 59 ,
59 , 60 cyp24a1
61 , 62 and
61 , 63 dhcr7/nadsyn1
61 , 64 ,
61 , 69 be
61 , 70 associated
64 , 66 previously
64 , 69 be
65 genes 66 previously
66 previously 67 shown
67 shown 68 to
70 associated 71 with
71 with 74 (
71 with 78 ,
71 with 79 were
72 circulating 74 (
73 25 74 (
74 ( 75 oh
74 ( 77 levels
76 )d 77 levels
77 levels 78 ,
79 were 80 associated
80 associated 83 cancer
80 associated 84 risk
81 with 83 cancer
82 colorectal 83 cancer
84 risk 93 13
85 in 93 13
86 10,061 87 cases
87 cases 89 12,768
87 cases 90 controls
87 cases 93 13
88 and 89 12,768
90 controls 91 drawn
91 drawn 92 from
93 13 94 studies
93 13 100 epidemiology
94 studies 95 included
95 included 99 and
96 in 99 and
97 the 98 genetics
98 genetics 99 and
100 epidemiology 107 )
101 of 102 colorectal
102 colorectal 103 cancer
103 cancer 105 (
104 consortium 105 (
105 ( 106 gecco
105 ( 107 )
107 ) 113 (
107 ) 115 )
108 and 109 colon
109 colon 110 cancer
110 cancer 111 family
111 family 113 (
112 registry 113 (
113 ( 114 ccfr

we conducted a meta - analysis of crude and multivariate - adjusted logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and associated confidence intervals for snps [individually] , snps [simultaneously] , and for a vitamin d additive genetic risk score ( grs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 6 analysis
3 a 4 meta
3 a 6 analysis
4 meta 5 -
4 meta 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
7 of 8 crude
9 and 14 regression
9 and 20 and
10 multivariate 11 -
10 multivariate 14 regression
12 adjusted 14 regression
13 logistic 14 regression
14 regression 20 and
15 models 16 to
15 models 19 ratios
15 models 20 and
16 to 17 calculate
17 calculate 18 odds
20 and 21 associated
21 associated 23 intervals
22 confidence 23 intervals
23 intervals 31 and
24 for 25 snps
24 for 31 and
25 snps 28 snps
27 , 28 snps
28 snps 30 ,
31 and 32 for
32 for 39 score
33 a 39 score
34 vitamin 35 d
34 vitamin 39 score
36 additive 39 score
37 genetic 39 score
38 risk 39 score
39 score 41 grs
40 ( 41 grs
41 grs 42 )

results : we did not observe a statistically significant association between the 25 ( oh )d - associated snps and colorectal cancer [marginally] , conditionally , [or] as a grs , or [for] colon or rectal cancer separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 6 observe
2 : 39 .
3 we 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 observe
6 observe 10 association
6 observe 18 associated
7 a 8 statistically
7 a 10 association
8 statistically 9 significant
9 significant 10 association
10 association 11 between
10 association 18 associated
11 between 15 oh
12 the 15 oh
13 25 15 oh
14 ( 15 oh
15 oh 16 )d
15 oh 17 -
18 associated 20 and
18 associated 25 conditionally
18 associated 28 as
18 associated 38 separately
19 snps 20 and
20 and 22 cancer
21 colorectal 22 cancer
24 , 25 conditionally
25 conditionally 26 ,
28 as 35 or
29 a 30 grs
30 grs 32 or
31 , 32 or
32 or 34 colon
32 or 35 or
35 or 37 cancer
36 rectal 37 cancer

conclusions : our findings do not support an association between snps associated with circulating 25 ( oh )d and risk of colorectal cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 7 support
2 : 24 .
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 do
5 do 6 not
5 do 7 support
7 support 9 association
7 support 10 between
8 an 9 association
10 between 19 and
11 snps 12 associated
11 snps 13 with
11 snps 19 and
13 with 14 circulating
14 circulating 17 oh
15 25 17 oh
16 ( 17 oh
17 oh 18 )d
19 and 20 risk
19 and 21 of
21 of 23 cancer
22 colorectal 23 cancer

additional work is warranted to investigate the complex relationship between 25 ( oh )d and colorectal cancer risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 additional 2 work
2 work 3 is
3 is 4 warranted
4 warranted 5 to
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 9 relationship
6 investigate 10 between
7 the 9 relationship
8 complex 9 relationship
10 between 15 and
11 25 13 oh
12 ( 13 oh
13 oh 14 )d
13 oh 15 and
15 and 18 risk
16 colorectal 17 cancer
17 cancer 18 risk

impact : there was no association observed between genetic markers of circulating 25 ( oh )d and colorectal cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 20 .
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 association
5 no 6 association
6 association 7 observed
7 observed 8 between
8 between 17 and
9 genetic 10 markers
10 markers 11 of
10 markers 17 and
11 of 12 circulating
12 circulating 15 oh
13 25 15 oh
14 ( 15 oh
15 oh 16 )d
17 and 19 cancer
18 colorectal 19 cancer

these genetic markers account for a small proportion of the variance in 25 ( oh )d . objective : people with type 2 diabetes have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic impairments that are linked to obesity and often occur prior to the development of type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 these 3 markers
2 genetic 3 markers
3 markers 4 account
4 account 5 for
4 account 12 in
5 for 8 proportion
6 a 7 small
6 a 8 proportion
7 small 8 proportion
8 proportion 9 of
9 of 11 variance
10 the 11 variance
12 in 15 oh
13 25 15 oh
14 ( 15 oh
15 oh 16 )d
17 . 18 objective
17 . 19 :
19 : 20 people
19 : 37 and
20 people 21 with
20 people 37 and
21 with 24 diabetes
22 type 24 diabetes
23 2 24 diabetes
25 have 26 reduced
25 have 37 and
26 reduced 29 and
26 reduced 35 to
27 cardiorespiratory 28 fitness
28 fitness 29 and
29 and 31 impairments
29 and 32 that
29 and 33 are
30 metabolic 31 impairments
32 that 33 are
33 are 34 linked
35 to 36 obesity
37 and 39 occur
37 and 41 to
38 often 39 occur
40 prior 41 to
41 to 43 development
42 the 43 development
43 development 44 of
44 of 47 diabetes
45 type 47 diabetes
46 2 47 diabetes

we hypothesized that obese , older adults with impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) have lower ability to shift from fat to carbohydrate oxidation when transitioning from rest to submaximal exercise than normal glucose tolerant ( ngt ) controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 7 adults
2 hypothesized 15 have
3 that 4 obese
4 obese 5 ,
4 obese 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 with
7 adults 15 have
8 with 11 tolerance
9 impaired 11 tolerance
10 glucose 11 tolerance
11 tolerance 13 igt
12 ( 13 igt
13 igt 14 )
15 have 17 ability
15 have 29 to
15 have 32 than
16 lower 17 ability
17 ability 18 to
17 ability 26 transitioning
18 to 19 shift
19 shift 20 from
19 shift 24 oxidation
19 shift 25 when
20 from 21 fat
21 fat 22 to
22 to 23 carbohydrate
25 when 26 transitioning
26 transitioning 27 from
27 from 28 rest
29 to 31 exercise
30 submaximal 31 exercise
32 than 39 controls
33 normal 34 glucose
34 glucose 39 controls
35 tolerant 37 ngt
35 tolerant 39 controls
36 ( 37 ngt
37 ngt 38 )

results : obese subjects with ngt ( n = 13 ) and igt ( n = 10 ) had similar resting rer , but during submaximal exercise those with igt had a lower rer and less transition to carbohydrate oxidation than the ngt group ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 12 and
2 : 19 had
2 : 24 but
3 obese 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
4 subjects 12 and
5 with 6 ngt
6 ngt 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 13
9 = 11 )
12 and 13 igt
12 and 18 )
12 and 19 had
13 igt 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 17 10
19 had 22 rer
20 similar 22 rer
21 resting 22 rer
23 , 24 but
24 but 28 those
24 but 31 had
25 during 27 exercise
25 during 28 those
26 submaximal 27 exercise
28 those 29 with
28 those 31 had
29 with 30 igt
31 had 37 transition
31 had 38 to
31 had 41 than
31 had 44 group
32 a 37 transition
33 lower 37 transition
34 rer 35 and
35 and 36 less
35 and 37 transition
38 to 40 oxidation
39 carbohydrate 40 oxidation
41 than 43 ngt
42 the 43 ngt
44 group 47 <
45 ( 47 <
46 p 47 <
47 < 48 0.05
47 < 49 )

the igt group also oxidized less carbohydrate during insulin infusion than ngt ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 oxidized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 group
2 igt 3 group
3 group 5 oxidized
4 also 5 oxidized
5 oxidized 7 carbohydrate
5 oxidized 8 during
5 oxidized 11 than
6 less 7 carbohydrate
8 during 10 infusion
9 insulin 10 infusion
11 than 12 ngt
12 ngt 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.05
15 < 17 )

rer at each exercise intensity independently correlated with 120 - minute postprandial glucose ( r = - 0.54 to - 0.58 , p < 0.05 ) , but not with body composition , vo₂max , or rer during insulin infusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 rer 2 at
1 rer 8 with
1 rer 36 or
2 at 5 intensity
3 each 5 intensity
4 exercise 5 intensity
5 intensity 7 correlated
6 independently 7 correlated
8 with 9 120
9 120 13 glucose
10 - 13 glucose
11 minute 13 glucose
12 postprandial 13 glucose
13 glucose 16 =
13 glucose 35 ,
14 ( 16 =
15 r 16 =
16 = 18 0.54
17 - 18 0.54
18 0.54 28 but
18 0.54 34 vo₂max
19 to 21 0.58
19 to 28 but
20 - 21 0.58
21 0.58 24 <
22 , 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.05
24 < 26 )
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 not
28 but 30 with
30 with 32 composition
31 body 32 composition
33 , 34 vo₂max
34 vo₂max 35 ,
36 or 37 rer
36 or 38 during
38 during 40 infusion
39 insulin 40 infusion

conclusions : obese , older adults have metabolic inflexibility during exercise that is associated with the degree of glucose intolerance independent of age and body composition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 6 adults
2 : 7 have
3 obese 4 ,
3 obese 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 have
7 have 9 inflexibility
7 have 10 during
7 have 14 associated
8 metabolic 9 inflexibility
10 during 11 exercise
12 that 13 is
13 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 20 intolerance
15 with 24 and
16 the 17 degree
17 degree 18 of
17 degree 20 intolerance
18 of 20 intolerance
19 glucose 20 intolerance
21 independent 22 of
21 independent 24 and
22 of 23 age
24 and 26 composition
25 body 26 composition

cerebral dysfunction after cardiac surgery remains a devastating complication and is growing in importance with our aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cerebral 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 3 after
2 dysfunction 10 and
3 after 5 surgery
4 cardiac 5 surgery
6 remains 9 complication
6 remains 10 and
7 a 8 devastating
7 a 9 complication
8 devastating 9 complication
10 and 11 is
10 and 13 in
10 and 15 with
11 is 12 growing
13 in 14 importance
15 with 18 populations
16 our 18 populations
17 aging 18 populations

neurological complications following cardiac surgery can be classified broadly as stroke [,] encephalopathy ( including delirium ) , or postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 neurological 2 complications
2 complications 3 following
2 complications 6 can
3 following 5 surgery
4 cardiac 5 surgery
6 can 7 be
7 be 22 dysfunction
8 classified 9 broadly
8 classified 10 as
8 classified 15 including
8 classified 19 or
10 as 13 encephalopathy
11 stroke 13 encephalopathy
14 ( 15 including
15 including 16 delirium
15 including 17 )
18 , 19 or
19 or 20 postoperative
19 or 22 dysfunction
21 cognitive 22 dysfunction
22 dysfunction 24 pocd
23 ( 24 pocd
24 pocd 25 )

these etiologies [are] caused primary by cerebral emboli , hypoperfusion , or inflammation that has largely been attributed to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 bypass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 etiologies
2 etiologies 4 caused
2 etiologies 5 primary
2 etiologies 9 ,
5 primary 6 by
6 by 8 emboli
7 cerebral 8 emboli
9 , 10 hypoperfusion
9 , 12 or
11 , 12 or
12 or 13 inflammation
12 or 14 that
12 or 15 has
12 or 24 bypass
14 that 15 has
15 has 17 been
16 largely 17 been
17 been 18 attributed
18 attributed 19 to
19 to 21 use
20 the 21 use
21 use 22 of
22 of 23 cardiopulmonary

preventative operative strategies , such as [off] [-] pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) , can potentially reduce the incidence of postoperative neurological complications by avoiding manipulation of the ascending aorta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 preventative 3 strategies
2 operative 3 strategies
3 strategies 6 as
3 strategies 18 can
4 , 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 13 grafting
6 as 17 ,
9 pump 12 bypass
10 coronary 11 artery
11 artery 12 bypass
12 bypass 13 grafting
13 grafting 15 cabg
14 ( 15 cabg
15 cabg 16 )
18 can 20 reduce
19 potentially 20 reduce
20 reduce 22 incidence
21 the 22 incidence
22 incidence 23 of
22 incidence 27 by
23 of 26 complications
24 postoperative 26 complications
25 neurological 26 complications
27 by 28 avoiding
28 avoiding 29 manipulation
29 manipulation 30 of
30 of 33 aorta
31 the 33 aorta
32 ascending 33 aorta

although [off] [-] pump cabg is associated with reduced risk [of] [stroke] , there are no convincing differences in pocd [between] [off] - pump [and] on - pump cabg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 although 5 cabg
1 although 7 associated
1 although 13 ,
1 although 14 there
4 pump 5 cabg
5 cabg 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 risk
9 reduced 10 risk
14 there 15 are
15 are 18 differences
15 are 19 in
16 no 18 differences
17 convincing 18 differences
19 in 20 pocd
23 - 24 pump
23 - 27 -
24 pump 26 on
27 - 29 cabg
28 pump 29 cabg

recently , the focus of postoperative neurological research has shifted from managing cardiopulmonary [bypass] to patient - related factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 shifted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 focus
3 the 4 focus
4 focus 5 of
4 focus 9 has
5 of 8 research
6 postoperative 8 research
7 neurological 8 research
9 has 10 shifted
10 shifted 11 from
11 from 12 managing
12 managing 13 cardiopulmonary
12 managing 15 to
15 to 19 factors
16 patient 17 -
16 patient 19 factors
18 related 19 factors

identifying changes in brains of aged individuals undergoing cardiac surgery may improve strategies for preventing cerebral dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 identifying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 identifying 2 changes
1 identifying 3 in
1 identifying 11 may
3 in 4 brains
4 brains 5 of
5 of 7 individuals
6 aged 7 individuals
7 individuals 8 undergoing
8 undergoing 10 surgery
9 cardiac 10 surgery
11 may 12 improve
12 improve 13 strategies
12 improve 14 for
14 for 15 preventing
15 preventing 17 dysfunction
16 cerebral 17 dysfunction

advanced age is associated with more undiagnosed cerebrovascular disease and is a major risk factor for stroke [and] pocd following cardiac surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 advanced 2 age
2 age 10 and
3 is 4 associated
3 is 10 and
4 associated 5 with
5 with 9 disease
6 more 7 undiagnosed
7 undiagnosed 9 disease
8 cerebrovascular 9 disease
10 and 11 is
10 and 16 for
11 is 15 factor
12 a 15 factor
13 major 15 factor
14 risk 15 factor
16 for 22 surgery
17 stroke 20 following
19 pocd 20 following
20 following 22 surgery
21 cardiac 22 surgery

preoperative cerebrovascular evaluation and adaptation of surgical strategies will provide preventative approaches for cerebral dysfunction after cabg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 preoperative 3 evaluation
2 cerebrovascular 3 evaluation
4 and 5 adaptation
4 and 10 provide
5 adaptation 6 of
5 adaptation 9 will
6 of 8 strategies
7 surgical 8 strategies
9 will 10 provide
10 provide 12 approaches
10 provide 16 after
11 preventative 12 approaches
12 approaches 13 for
13 for 15 dysfunction
14 cerebral 15 dysfunction
16 after 17 cabg

this review focuses on recent findings of the relationship between perioperative stress and underlying fragility of the brain in cardiac surgical patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 10 between
3 focuses 19 in
4 on 6 findings
5 recent 6 findings
6 findings 7 of
7 of 9 relationship
8 the 9 relationship
10 between 13 and
11 perioperative 12 stress
12 stress 13 and
13 and 15 fragility
13 and 16 of
14 underlying 15 fragility
16 of 18 brain
17 the 18 brain
19 in 22 patients
20 cardiac 22 patients
21 surgical 22 patients

purpose : we investigated the effects of monocularity on oculomotor control by examining the characteristics of the horizontal saccades of people with one eye , and comparing them to those of a group of age [-] matched controls who viewed the stimuli monocularly and binocularly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 investigated
2 : 26 and
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 effects
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 12 by
7 of 8 monocularity
8 monocularity 9 on
9 on 11 control
10 oculomotor 11 control
12 by 13 examining
13 examining 15 characteristics
13 examining 22 with
14 the 15 characteristics
15 characteristics 16 of
16 of 19 saccades
17 the 19 saccades
18 horizontal 19 saccades
19 saccades 20 of
20 of 21 people
22 with 24 eye
23 one 24 eye
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 comparing
26 and 37 matched
27 comparing 28 them
27 comparing 29 to
27 comparing 37 matched
29 to 30 those
30 those 31 of
30 those 34 of
31 of 33 group
32 a 33 group
34 of 35 age
37 matched 38 controls
38 controls 39 who
38 controls 40 viewed
39 who 40 viewed
40 viewed 42 stimuli
40 viewed 44 and
41 the 42 stimuli
43 monocularly 44 and
44 and 45 binocularly

methods : participants were tested in a no - gap , no - overlap saccadic task using [a] video - based remote eye tracker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 participants
2 : 5 tested
2 : 9 -
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 tested
5 tested 6 in
6 in 8 no
7 a 8 no
9 - 10 gap
9 - 11 ,
11 , 14 overlap
11 , 20 -
12 no 13 -
12 no 14 overlap
14 overlap 19 video
15 saccadic 16 task
16 task 19 video
17 using 19 video
20 - 24 tracker
21 based 23 eye
22 remote 23 eye
23 eye 24 tracker

one group consisted of unilaterally [eye] enucleated participants ( n = 15 ; mean age , 31.27 years ) , the other [of] age - matched people with normal binocular vision ( n = 18 ; mean age , 30.17 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 one 2 group
2 group 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 8 participants
5 unilaterally 7 enucleated
7 enucleated 8 participants
8 participants 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 15
11 = 13 ;
13 ; 15 age
13 ; 26 matched
13 ; 36 ;
14 mean 15 age
15 age 18 years
15 age 24 age
15 age 26 matched
16 , 18 years
17 31.27 18 years
18 years 19 )
20 , 24 age
21 the 22 other
22 other 24 age
24 age 25 -
26 matched 27 people
26 matched 28 with
26 matched 34 =
28 with 31 vision
29 normal 31 vision
30 binocular 31 vision
32 ( 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 18
36 ; 37 mean
37 mean 38 age
38 age 41 years
39 , 41 years
40 30.17 41 years
41 years 42 )

results : the horizontal saccade dynamics of enucleated people are similar to those of people with normal binocularity when they view monocularly [and] , with the exception of latency , [when] [they] view binocularly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 6 dynamics
2 : 10 are
3 the 6 dynamics
4 horizontal 6 dynamics
5 saccade 6 dynamics
6 dynamics 7 of
6 dynamics 10 are
7 of 9 people
8 enucleated 9 people
10 are 11 similar
11 similar 12 to
11 similar 34 binocularly
12 to 13 those
13 those 14 of
13 those 16 with
14 of 15 people
16 with 18 binocularity
17 normal 18 binocularity
18 binocularity 19 when
19 when 20 they
19 when 21 view
20 they 21 view
21 view 22 monocularly
21 view 25 with
21 view 33 view
24 , 25 with
25 with 27 exception
25 with 30 ,
26 the 27 exception
27 exception 28 of
28 of 29 latency

the data show that the monocular saccades of control and enucleated observers have longer latencies than the binocular saccades of the control group , the saccades of the enucleated observers are as accurate as those of the controls viewing monocularly or binocularly , smaller saccades are more accurate than the larger ones , and abducting saccades are faster than adducting saccades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 10 and
3 show 4 that
3 show 7 saccades
3 show 10 and
5 the 7 saccades
6 monocular 7 saccades
7 saccades 8 of
8 of 9 control
10 and 23 group
11 enucleated 12 observers
12 observers 13 have
13 have 15 latencies
13 have 16 than
13 have 23 group
14 longer 15 latencies
16 than 19 saccades
16 than 20 of
17 the 19 saccades
18 binocular 19 saccades
20 of 22 control
21 the 22 control
24 , 26 saccades
24 , 31 are
24 , 43 ,
25 the 26 saccades
26 saccades 27 of
26 saccades 31 are
27 of 30 observers
28 the 30 observers
29 enucleated 30 observers
31 are 33 accurate
32 as 33 accurate
33 accurate 34 as
33 accurate 41 or
34 as 35 those
34 as 36 of
36 of 39 viewing
37 the 39 viewing
38 controls 39 viewing
40 monocularly 41 or
41 or 42 binocularly
43 , 45 saccades
43 , 46 are
43 , 54 and
44 smaller 45 saccades
45 saccades 46 are
46 are 47 more
46 are 48 accurate
48 accurate 49 than
49 than 52 ones
50 the 52 ones
51 larger 52 ones
53 , 54 and
54 and 56 saccades
54 and 57 are
55 abducting 56 saccades
56 saccades 57 are
57 are 58 faster
58 faster 59 than
59 than 61 saccades
60 adducting 61 saccades

conclusions : our data suggest that the true monocularity produced by early enucleation does not result in slower visual processing in the afferent [(] sensory ) pathway , or in deficits in the efferent ( motor [ )(pathways of the saccadic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 suggest
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 monocularity
6 that 16 result
7 the 9 monocularity
8 true 9 monocularity
9 monocularity 10 produced
9 monocularity 14 does
10 produced 11 by
11 by 13 enucleation
12 early 13 enucleation
14 does 15 not
14 does 16 result
16 result 17 in
16 result 29 or
16 result 32 in
17 in 20 processing
18 slower 20 processing
19 visual 20 processing
21 in 27 pathway
21 in 29 or
22 the 27 pathway
23 afferent 27 pathway
25 sensory 26 )
25 sensory 27 pathway
28 , 29 or
29 or 30 in
30 in 31 deficits
32 in 34 efferent
33 the 34 efferent
34 efferent 38 )(pathways
35 ( 38 )(pathways
36 motor 38 )(pathways
38 )(pathways 39 of
38 )(pathways 43 .
39 of 42 system
40 the 42 system
41 saccadic 42 system

possible [mechanisms] to account for the effects of monocular vision on saccades are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 possible
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 possible 3 to
1 possible 11 on
1 possible 13 are
3 to 4 account
4 account 5 for
4 account 11 on
5 for 7 effects
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 10 vision
9 monocular 10 vision
12 saccades 13 are
13 are 14 discussed

purpose : to report the 7 [-] year incidence of age - related cataracts in a metropolitan chinese elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 report
2 : 13 related
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 report
4 report 9 incidence
5 the 9 incidence
6 7 8 year
8 year 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 of
10 of 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 cataracts
14 cataracts 15 in
15 in 20 population
16 a 17 metropolitan
16 a 20 population
17 metropolitan 20 population
18 chinese 20 population
19 elderly 20 population

methods : the shihpai eye study 2006 included 460 ( 55.8 % ) of 1361 participants in the 1999 baseline survey for a [follow] [-] up eye examination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 5 eye
3 the 5 eye
4 shihpai 5 eye
5 eye 6 study
5 eye 8 included
5 eye 12 %
5 eye 14 of
6 study 7 2006
6 study 8 included
8 included 9 460
10 ( 12 %
11 55.8 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 of 16 participants
15 1361 16 participants
16 participants 17 in
17 in 21 survey
18 the 21 survey
19 1999 20 baseline
20 baseline 21 survey
21 survey 22 for
22 for 28 examination
23 a 28 examination
26 up 28 examination
27 eye 28 examination

cataract was graded by one ophthalmologist using the lens opacities classification system iii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cataract
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 graded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cataract 2 was
2 was 3 graded
3 graded 4 by
4 by 6 ophthalmologist
5 one 6 ophthalmologist
6 ophthalmologist 7 using
7 using 12 system
8 the 12 system
9 lens 10 opacities
10 opacities 11 classification
11 classification 12 system
12 system 13 iii

results : the 7 [-] year incidence of pure nuclear opacity was 18.5 % ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] : 12.7 % - 24.3 % ) []] ; 34.7 % [(] 95 % ci : 27.6 % - 41.8 % ) for cortical opacity ; and 0.6 % [(] 95 % ci : 0 % - 1.8 % ) for posterior subcapsular opacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 incidence
2 : 12 was
2 : 23 :
2 : 67 .
3 the 7 incidence
4 7 6 year
6 year 7 incidence
7 incidence 8 of
7 incidence 12 was
8 of 11 opacity
9 pure 11 opacity
10 nuclear 11 opacity
12 was 14 %
13 18.5 14 %
14 % 18 confidence
15 ( 18 confidence
16 95 17 %
17 % 18 confidence
18 confidence 21 ci
18 confidence 22 ]
20 [ 21 ci
21 ci 22 ]
23 : 25 %
23 : 31 ;
24 12.7 25 %
25 % 28 %
26 - 28 %
27 24.3 28 %
28 % 29 )
31 ; 37 ci
31 ; 38 :
31 ; 48 ;
32 34.7 33 %
33 % 37 ci
35 95 37 ci
36 % 37 ci
37 ci 38 :
38 : 40 %
38 : 45 for
39 27.6 40 %
40 % 43 %
41 - 43 %
42 41.8 43 %
43 % 44 )
45 for 47 opacity
46 cortical 47 opacity
48 ; 49 and
49 and 55 ci
49 and 56 :
50 0.6 51 %
51 % 55 ci
53 95 55 ci
54 % 55 ci
55 ci 56 :
56 : 58 %
56 : 63 for
57 0 58 %
58 % 61 %
59 - 61 %
60 1.8 61 %
61 % 62 )
63 for 66 opacity
64 posterior 66 opacity
65 subcapsular 66 opacity

a total of 3.5 % ( 95 % [ci] : 0.8 % - 6.2 % ) of participants developed all three types of cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 17 of
2 total 19 developed
3 of 5 %
4 3.5 5 %
5 % 15 %
6 ( 15 %
7 95 8 %
7 95 13 -
8 % 10 :
10 : 12 %
11 0.8 12 %
13 - 14 6.2
13 - 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 of 18 participants
19 developed 23 of
20 all 21 three
21 three 23 of
22 types 23 of
23 of 24 cataract

nuclear [cataract] was significantly associated with current smoking ( p = 0.04 ; relative risk [[] [rr] []] : 2.05 ; 95 % ci : 1.05 - 3.99 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nuclear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 nuclear 3 was
3 was 5 associated
4 significantly 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 smoking
7 current 8 smoking
8 smoking 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.04
11 = 13 ;
13 ; 15 risk
13 ; 19 :
13 ; 21 ;
14 relative 15 risk
15 risk 19 :
19 : 20 2.05
21 ; 24 ci
21 ; 25 :
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
25 : 26 1.05
26 1.05 28 3.99
27 - 28 3.99
28 3.99 29 )

males were almost half as likely ( p = 0.04 ; [rr] : 0.57 ; 95 % ci : 0.34 - 0.97 ) to develop cortical opacity , whereas participants with a history of diabetes were approximately twice as likely to develop cortical opacity ( p = 0.05 ; [rr] 2.43 ; 95 % ci : 1.02 - 5.81 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 males
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 males 2 were
2 were 4 half
2 were 6 likely
3 almost 4 half
5 as 6 likely
6 likely 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 p 9 =
9 = 10 0.04
9 = 11 ;
11 ; 13 :
11 ; 15 ;
13 : 14 0.57
15 ; 17 %
15 ; 36 were
15 ; 49 ;
16 95 17 %
17 % 18 ci
17 % 24 to
17 % 25 develop
18 ci 19 :
19 : 20 0.34
19 : 24 to
20 0.34 22 0.97
21 - 22 0.97
22 0.97 23 )
25 develop 27 opacity
25 develop 29 whereas
26 cortical 27 opacity
28 , 29 whereas
29 whereas 30 participants
30 participants 31 with
30 participants 34 of
30 participants 36 were
31 with 33 history
32 a 33 history
34 of 35 diabetes
36 were 40 likely
37 approximately 38 twice
38 twice 39 as
39 as 40 likely
40 likely 41 to
40 likely 42 develop
41 to 42 develop
42 develop 44 opacity
43 cortical 44 opacity
44 opacity 47 =
45 ( 47 =
46 p 47 =
47 = 48 0.05
49 ; 51 2.43
49 ; 52 ;
52 ; 55 ci
52 ; 56 :
53 95 55 ci
54 % 55 ci
56 : 57 1.02
57 1.02 59 5.81
58 - 59 5.81
59 5.81 60 )

a higher level of education ( p = 0.03 [;] [rr] : 0.40 ; 95 % ci : 0.18 - 0.91 [ )(and a higher body mass index ( p = 0.02 [;] [rr] : 0.28 ; 95 % ci [:] 0.10 - 0.79 ) [was] protective [of] posterior subcapsular cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 a 3 level
2 higher 3 level
3 level 4 of
3 level 8 =
3 level 12 :
4 of 5 education
6 ( 8 =
7 p 8 =
8 = 9 0.03
12 : 13 0.40
14 ; 17 ci
14 ; 18 :
15 95 17 ci
16 % 17 ci
18 : 19 0.18
18 : 20 -
18 : 23 )(and
18 : 37 ;
19 0.18 20 -
20 - 21 0.91
23 )(and 28 index
23 )(and 35 :
24 a 28 index
25 higher 26 body
26 body 28 index
27 mass 28 index
28 index 31 =
28 index 35 :
29 ( 31 =
30 p 31 =
31 = 32 0.02
35 : 36 0.28
37 ; 51 cataract
38 95 39 %
39 % 49 posterior
40 ci 42 0.10
40 ci 44 0.79
40 ci 49 posterior
43 - 44 0.79
44 0.79 45 )
47 protective 49 posterior
49 posterior 51 cataract
50 subcapsular 51 cataract

conclusions : this study indicated a high incidence of cortical opacities and lower incidence of nuclear opacities compared with caucasians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 indicated
2 : 21 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 indicated
5 indicated 8 incidence
6 a 7 high
6 a 8 incidence
7 high 8 incidence
8 incidence 9 of
8 incidence 15 of
9 of 12 and
10 cortical 11 opacities
11 opacities 12 and
12 and 14 incidence
13 lower 14 incidence
15 of 17 opacities
16 nuclear 17 opacities
17 opacities 18 compared
18 compared 19 with
19 with 20 caucasians

posterior subcapsular opacity [incidence] and cataract surgery rate were comparable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 posterior 3 opacity
2 subcapsular 3 opacity
3 opacity 5 and
5 and 8 rate
5 and 9 were
6 cataract 8 rate
7 surgery 8 rate
9 were 10 comparable

age - related changes have been documented in anatomical studies on peripheral as well as central vestibular systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 changes
3 related 4 changes
4 changes 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 documented
7 documented 8 in
7 documented 11 on
8 in 10 studies
9 anatomical 10 studies
11 on 18 systems
12 peripheral 18 systems
13 as 14 well
14 well 16 central
15 as 16 central
16 central 18 systems
17 vestibular 18 systems

similar changes have also been observed for saccular responses evaluated through cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential ( cvemp ) after the age of 60 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 similar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 similar 2 changes
1 similar 5 been
1 similar 6 observed
2 changes 3 have
3 have 5 been
4 also 5 been
6 observed 7 for
6 observed 16 potential
6 observed 20 after
7 for 9 responses
8 saccular 9 responses
9 responses 10 evaluated
10 evaluated 11 through
11 through 12 cervical
13 vestibular 16 potential
14 evoked 16 potential
15 myogenic 16 potential
16 potential 18 cvemp
17 ( 18 cvemp
18 cvemp 19 )
20 after 22 age
21 the 22 age
22 age 23 of
23 of 25 years
24 60 25 years

nevertheless , most of these studies have either made use of small sample sizes , considered inappropriate for normative studies of such kind , or incorporated wider age groups which might have confounded the conclusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 made
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 6 studies
3 most 4 of
3 most 6 studies
4 of 6 studies
5 these 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 9 made
8 either 9 made
9 made 10 use
10 use 11 of
10 use 16 considered
11 of 14 sizes
12 small 13 sample
13 sample 14 sizes
15 , 16 considered
16 considered 17 inappropriate
16 considered 36 .
17 inappropriate 18 for
18 for 20 studies
19 normative 20 studies
20 studies 21 of
21 of 29 groups
22 such 29 groups
23 kind 25 or
24 , 25 or
25 or 28 age
25 or 29 groups
26 incorporated 28 age
27 wider 28 age
29 groups 30 which
29 groups 31 might
30 which 31 might
31 might 32 have
32 have 33 confounded
33 confounded 35 conclusions
34 the 35 conclusions

in order to overcome the [above] shortcomings , the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of age on cvemp using larger sample size and distributing the participants to smaller age group divisions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 8 ,
1 in 11 study
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 overcome
3 to 4 overcome
4 overcome 7 shortcomings
5 the 7 shortcomings
9 the 11 study
10 present 11 study
11 study 12 aimed
12 aimed 13 at
12 aimed 19 on
12 aimed 21 using
12 aimed 28 participants
12 aimed 29 to
13 at 14 evaluating
14 evaluating 16 effect
15 the 16 effect
16 effect 17 of
17 of 18 age
19 on 20 cvemp
21 using 25 and
22 larger 23 sample
23 sample 24 size
24 size 25 and
25 and 26 distributing
27 the 28 participants
29 to 33 divisions
30 smaller 31 age
31 age 32 group
32 group 33 divisions

a cross - sectional design was employed to record cvemps from 280 healthy volunteers in the age range of 10 - 85 years who were distributed to seven age groups ( 10 - 20 , 20 - 30 , 30 - 40 , 40 - 50 , 50 - 60 , 60 - 70 and [above] 70 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 a 2 cross
3 - 5 design
3 - 7 employed
3 - 60 .
4 sectional 5 design
5 design 6 was
6 was 7 employed
7 employed 8 to
7 employed 11 from
7 employed 15 in
8 to 10 cvemps
9 record 10 cvemps
11 from 14 volunteers
12 280 14 volunteers
13 healthy 14 volunteers
15 in 17 age
16 the 17 age
17 age 18 range
17 age 26 distributed
17 age 27 to
17 age 33 -
18 range 19 of
18 range 26 distributed
19 of 23 years
20 10 21 -
21 - 22 85
21 - 23 years
23 years 24 who
23 years 25 were
24 who 25 were
27 to 30 groups
28 seven 29 age
29 age 30 groups
31 ( 33 -
32 10 33 -
33 - 34 20
33 - 59 )
34 20 36 20
34 20 41 -
34 20 49 -
35 , 36 20
36 20 38 30
36 20 39 ,
37 - 38 30
38 30 39 ,
39 , 41 -
40 30 41 -
41 - 42 40
41 - 44 40
41 - 46 50
41 - 47 ,
43 , 44 40
44 40 45 -
45 - 46 50
46 50 47 ,
47 , 49 -
48 50 49 -
49 - 50 60
49 - 52 60
49 - 58 years
49 - 59 )
51 , 52 60
52 60 53 -
53 - 58 years
54 70 55 and
55 and 57 70
55 and 58 years
58 years 59 )

the latency , amplitude , [inter] [-] aural asymmetry ratio , and threshold were compared using one - way analysis of variance , whereas the response rate was calculated in terms of percentage [of] ears in which the responses were identifiable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 latency
2 latency 3 ,
3 , 4 amplitude
3 , 5 ,
5 , 10 ratio
5 , 12 and
8 aural 9 asymmetry
9 asymmetry 10 ratio
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 threshold
12 and 14 were
14 were 15 compared
15 compared 16 using
15 compared 24 whereas
15 compared 30 in
16 using 17 one
17 one 20 analysis
18 - 20 analysis
19 way 20 analysis
20 analysis 21 of
20 analysis 23 ,
21 of 22 variance
24 whereas 27 rate
24 whereas 29 calculated
25 the 27 rate
26 response 27 rate
27 rate 28 was
28 was 29 calculated
30 in 31 terms
31 terms 32 of
31 terms 36 in
32 of 35 ears
33 percentage 35 ears
36 in 37 which
36 in 39 responses
36 in 40 were
38 the 39 responses
39 responses 40 were
40 were 41 identifiable

the results revealed a steady decline [in] response rate and amplitude with advancing age beyond 5th decade [(] 50 - 60 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 revealed
3 revealed 10 and
4 a 5 steady
4 a 9 rate
5 steady 6 decline
6 decline 9 rate
8 response 9 rate
9 rate 10 and
10 and 11 amplitude
10 and 23 )
11 amplitude 12 with
12 with 13 advancing
13 advancing 14 age
13 advancing 15 beyond
15 beyond 22 years
16 5th 22 years
17 decade 22 years
19 50 20 -
20 - 21 60
20 - 22 years

in addition , the latency of p13 and n23 was prolonged , while the thresholds worsened with increasing age also after 50 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 latency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 prolonged
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 latency
4 the 5 latency
5 latency 6 of
5 latency 10 was
6 of 8 and
7 p13 8 and
8 and 9 n23
10 was 11 prolonged
11 prolonged 13 while
12 , 13 while
13 while 15 thresholds
13 while 16 worsened
13 while 24 .
14 the 15 thresholds
15 thresholds 16 worsened
16 worsened 17 with
17 with 18 increasing
18 increasing 19 age
18 increasing 20 also
18 increasing 21 after
21 after 23 years
22 50 23 years

hence , age - matched norms have to be considered while interpreting the results of cvemp , especially in individuals above 50 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 3 age
4 - 6 norms
4 - 7 have
5 matched 6 norms
6 norms 7 have
7 have 8 to
7 have 10 considered
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 considered
10 considered 11 while
11 while 12 interpreting
12 interpreting 14 results
12 interpreting 19 in
13 the 14 results
14 results 15 of
15 of 16 cvemp
17 , 18 especially
17 , 19 in
19 in 20 individuals
19 in 26 .
20 individuals 21 above
20 individuals 24 of
21 above 23 years
22 50 23 years
24 of 25 age

mitochondrial topoisomerase i is a genetically distinct mitochondria - dedicated enzyme with a crucial but so far unknown role in the homeostasis of mitochondrial dna metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 topoisomerase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 mitochondrial 2 topoisomerase
2 topoisomerase 3 i
2 topoisomerase 4 is
4 is 11 enzyme
5 a 6 genetically
5 a 11 enzyme
6 genetically 7 distinct
7 distinct 11 enzyme
8 mitochondria 9 -
8 mitochondria 11 enzyme
10 dedicated 11 enzyme
11 enzyme 12 with
12 with 19 role
13 a 19 role
14 crucial 15 but
15 but 17 far
15 but 19 role
16 so 17 far
18 unknown 19 role
19 role 20 in
19 role 23 of
20 in 22 homeostasis
21 the 22 homeostasis
23 of 26 metabolism
24 mitochondrial 26 metabolism
25 dna 26 metabolism

here , we present data suggesting a negative regulatory function in mitochondrial transcription or transcript stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 5 data
5 data 6 suggesting
6 suggesting 10 function
6 suggesting 11 in
7 a 8 negative
7 a 10 function
8 negative 10 function
9 regulatory 10 function
11 in 14 or
12 mitochondrial 13 transcription
13 transcription 14 or
14 or 16 stability
15 transcript 16 stability

deficiency or depletion of mitochondrial topoisomerase i increased mitochondrial transcripts , whereas overexpression lowered mitochondrial transcripts , depleted respiratory complexes i , [iii] and iv , decreased cell respiration and raised superoxide levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 deficiency 2 or
2 or 3 depletion
2 or 4 of
2 or 24 and
4 of 6 topoisomerase
5 mitochondrial 6 topoisomerase
6 topoisomerase 7 i
8 increased 10 transcripts
8 increased 12 whereas
8 increased 24 and
9 mitochondrial 10 transcripts
11 , 12 whereas
12 whereas 13 overexpression
12 whereas 14 lowered
12 whereas 22 ,
13 overexpression 14 lowered
14 lowered 16 transcripts
15 mitochondrial 16 transcripts
16 transcripts 20 complexes
17 , 20 complexes
18 depleted 20 complexes
19 respiratory 20 complexes
20 complexes 21 i
20 complexes 22 ,
22 , 24 and
24 and 30 and
25 iv 26 ,
25 iv 30 and
27 decreased 29 respiration
27 decreased 30 and
28 cell 29 respiration
30 and 31 raised
31 raised 33 levels
32 superoxide 33 levels

acute depletion of mitochondrial topoisomerase i triggered neither a nuclear mito - biogenic stress response nor compensatory topoisomerase iiβ upregulation , suggesting the concomitant increase in mitochondrial transcripts was due to release [of] a local inhibitory effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 depletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 triggered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 release
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 acute 2 depletion
2 depletion 3 of
2 depletion 7 triggered
3 of 5 topoisomerase
4 mitochondrial 5 topoisomerase
5 topoisomerase 6 i
7 triggered 16 nor
8 neither 16 nor
9 a 10 nuclear
9 a 15 response
10 nuclear 14 stress
11 mito 12 -
11 mito 14 stress
13 biogenic 14 stress
14 stress 15 response
15 response 16 nor
16 nor 20 upregulation
17 compensatory 18 topoisomerase
18 topoisomerase 20 upregulation
19 iiβ 20 upregulation
21 , 22 suggesting
21 , 29 was
22 suggesting 25 increase
22 suggesting 26 in
22 suggesting 29 was
23 the 25 increase
24 concomitant 25 increase
26 in 28 transcripts
27 mitochondrial 28 transcripts
29 was 30 due
30 due 31 to
30 due 32 release
31 to 32 release
32 release 37 effect
34 a 35 local
34 a 37 effect
35 local 37 effect
36 inhibitory 37 effect

mitochondrial topoisomerase i was co - immunoprecipitated with mitochondrial rna [polymerase] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 topoisomerase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
1 mitochondrial 2 topoisomerase
2 topoisomerase 3 i
2 topoisomerase 4 was
4 was 5 co
5 co 7 immunoprecipitated
6 - 7 immunoprecipitated
7 immunoprecipitated 8 with
7 immunoprecipitated 12 .
8 with 10 rna
9 mitochondrial 10 rna

it selectively accumulated and rapidly exchanged at a subset of nucleoids distinguished by the presence of newly synthesized rna [and/or] mitochondrial rna [polymerase] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 4 and
2 selectively 3 accumulated
3 accumulated 4 and
4 and 6 exchanged
4 and 7 at
4 and 22 rna
5 rapidly 6 exchanged
7 at 9 subset
8 a 9 subset
9 subset 10 of
10 of 11 nucleoids
11 nucleoids 12 distinguished
12 distinguished 13 by
13 by 15 presence
14 the 15 presence
15 presence 16 of
16 of 19 rna
17 newly 18 synthesized
18 synthesized 19 rna
21 mitochondrial 22 rna

the inactive y559f - mutant behaved similarly without affecting mitochondrial transcripts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 y559f
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 the 3 y559f
2 inactive 3 y559f
4 - 5 mutant
4 - 6 behaved
4 - 12 .
5 mutant 6 behaved
6 behaved 11 transcripts
7 similarly 8 without
7 similarly 10 mitochondrial
8 without 9 affecting
10 mitochondrial 11 transcripts

in conclusion , mitochondrial topoisomerase i dampens mitochondrial transcription and thereby alters respiratory capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 topoisomerase
3 , 10 and
4 mitochondrial 5 topoisomerase
5 topoisomerase 6 i
5 topoisomerase 10 and
7 dampens 9 transcription
7 dampens 10 and
8 mitochondrial 9 transcription
10 and 12 alters
11 thereby 12 alters
12 alters 14 capacity
13 respiratory 14 capacity

the mechanism [involves] selective association of the active enzyme with transcriptionally active nucleoids and a direct interaction with mitochondrial rna polymerase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 polymerase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 5 association
2 mechanism 5 association
4 selective 5 association
5 association 6 of
5 association 14 and
6 of 9 enzyme
7 the 9 enzyme
8 active 9 enzyme
9 enzyme 10 with
10 with 13 nucleoids
11 transcriptionally 12 active
12 active 13 nucleoids
14 and 17 interaction
14 and 18 with
14 and 21 polymerase
15 a 16 direct
15 a 17 interaction
16 direct 17 interaction
18 with 20 rna
19 mitochondrial 20 rna

the inhibitory role of topoisomerase i in mitochondrial transcription is strikingly different from the stimulatory role of topoisomerase i in nuclear transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 role
2 inhibitory 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 10 is
4 of 5 topoisomerase
5 topoisomerase 6 i
5 topoisomerase 7 in
7 in 9 transcription
8 mitochondrial 9 transcription
10 is 12 different
11 strikingly 12 different
12 different 13 from
12 different 20 in
13 from 16 role
14 the 16 role
15 stimulatory 16 role
16 role 17 of
17 of 18 topoisomerase
18 topoisomerase 19 i
20 in 22 transcription
21 nuclear 22 transcription

mutations of the von hippel - lindau ( vhl ) tumor suppressor gene cause hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinomas ( rccs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 mutations 2 of
1 mutations 14 cause
2 of 13 gene
3 the 13 gene
4 von 5 hippel
5 hippel 7 lindau
5 hippel 13 gene
6 - 7 lindau
7 lindau 9 vhl
7 lindau 10 )
8 ( 9 vhl
9 vhl 10 )
11 tumor 12 suppressor
12 suppressor 13 gene
14 cause 20 carcinomas
15 hereditary 16 and
16 and 17 sporadic
16 and 19 cell
18 renal 19 cell
19 cell 20 carcinomas
20 carcinomas 22 rccs
21 ( 22 rccs
22 rccs 23 )

the best characterized function of vhl protein is suppression of the α subunit [of] hypoxia inducible factor ( hif ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 best
1 the 4 function
3 characterized 4 function
4 function 5 of
4 function 8 is
5 of 7 protein
6 vhl 7 protein
8 is 9 suppression
9 suppression 10 of
10 of 17 factor
11 the 17 factor
12 α 17 factor
13 subunit 17 factor
15 hypoxia 17 factor
16 inducible 17 factor
17 factor 19 hif
18 ( 19 hif
19 hif 20 )

additional vhl functions have been reported , including induction of senescence upon loss of vhl mediated by downregulation of the chromatin remodeling factor p400 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 additional 3 functions
2 vhl 3 functions
3 functions 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 reported
7 , 8 including
7 , 16 mediated
8 including 9 induction
8 including 12 upon
8 including 16 mediated
9 induction 10 of
10 of 11 senescence
12 upon 13 loss
13 loss 14 of
14 of 15 vhl
16 mediated 17 by
17 by 18 downregulation
18 downregulation 19 of
18 downregulation 22 remodeling
19 of 21 chromatin
20 the 21 chromatin
22 remodeling 24 p400
23 factor 24 p400

in the present study , we investigated the relationship between the expression of p400 and patient survival following rcc diagnosis taking advantage of [a] large and well - documented series of rcc patients with long - term follow - up information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 investigated
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 investigated
7 investigated 9 relationship
8 the 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 between
9 relationship 13 of
10 between 12 expression
11 the 12 expression
13 of 20 diagnosis
14 p400 15 and
15 and 16 patient
15 and 17 survival
17 survival 20 diagnosis
18 following 20 diagnosis
19 rcc 20 diagnosis
20 diagnosis 21 taking
20 diagnosis 23 of
20 diagnosis 30 series
21 taking 22 advantage
23 of 26 and
25 large 26 and
26 and 27 well
28 - 30 series
29 documented 30 series
30 series 31 of
30 series 33 patients
30 series 38 follow
30 series 42 .
31 of 32 rcc
33 patients 34 with
33 patients 38 follow
34 with 37 term
35 long 36 -
35 long 37 term
38 follow 40 up
39 - 40 up
40 up 41 information
40 up 42 .

the expression of p400 was measured by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray containing tumor tissue samples from 868 rcc patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 5 was
3 of 4 p400
5 was 6 measured
6 measured 7 by
6 measured 9 using
7 by 8 immunohistochemistry
9 using 12 microarray
10 a 11 tissue
10 a 12 microarray
11 tissue 12 microarray
12 microarray 13 containing
13 containing 16 samples
14 tumor 16 samples
15 tissue 16 samples
16 samples 17 from
17 from 20 patients
18 868 20 patients
19 rcc 20 patients

chi - squared tests , kaplan - meier curves , cox regression models and spearman 's rank correlation estimates were used to investigate the possible relationship between p400 expression and ki - 67 proliferative index , clinical and pathological characteristics and patient survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
1 chi 2 -
1 chi 14 and
3 squared 4 tests
4 tests 5 ,
5 , 13 models
5 , 14 and
6 kaplan 9 curves
6 kaplan 12 regression
7 - 9 curves
8 meier 9 curves
9 curves 10 ,
11 cox 12 regression
12 regression 13 models
14 and 19 estimates
14 and 20 were
15 spearman 16 's
16 's 19 estimates
17 rank 18 correlation
18 correlation 19 estimates
20 were 21 used
21 used 22 to
21 used 23 investigate
22 to 23 investigate
23 investigate 26 relationship
24 the 26 relationship
25 possible 26 relationship
26 relationship 27 between
27 between 30 and
28 p400 29 expression
29 expression 30 and
30 and 31 ki
32 - 35 index
32 - 36 ,
32 - 44 .
33 67 35 index
34 proliferative 35 index
36 , 41 and
37 clinical 38 and
38 and 39 pathological
38 and 40 characteristics
40 characteristics 41 and
41 and 43 survival
42 patient 43 survival

complete loss of p400 expression was detected in 64 % of all tumor specimens , and decreased p400 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage , higher grade of malignancy and regional lymph node metastasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 stage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 complete 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 16 and
3 of 4 p400
4 p400 5 expression
4 p400 6 was
4 p400 7 detected
5 expression 6 was
7 detected 8 in
8 in 10 %
9 64 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 14 specimens
12 all 14 specimens
13 tumor 14 specimens
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 p400
16 and 19 expression
16 and 22 with
16 and 25 stage
17 decreased 18 p400
19 expression 20 was
20 was 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
23 advanced 24 tumor
24 tumor 25 stage
26 , 31 and
27 higher 28 grade
28 grade 29 of
28 grade 31 and
29 of 30 malignancy
31 and 35 metastasis
32 regional 33 lymph
33 lymph 34 node
34 node 35 metastasis

among well - differentiated rccs , high [proliferation] ( ki - 67 index>10 ) was found in 12 % of carcinomas with an increased p400 expression , compared to 5 % of rccs with decreased p400 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rccs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 among 2 well
1 among 3 -
1 among 5 rccs
4 differentiated 5 rccs
5 rccs 13 index>10
5 rccs 27 ,
6 , 13 index>10
7 high 10 ki
7 high 13 index>10
9 ( 10 ki
10 ki 11 -
12 67 13 index>10
13 index>10 14 )
15 was 16 found
15 was 27 ,
16 found 17 in
17 in 19 %
18 12 19 %
19 % 20 of
20 of 21 carcinomas
21 carcinomas 22 with
22 with 26 expression
23 an 26 expression
24 increased 26 expression
25 p400 26 expression
27 , 28 compared
27 , 34 with
28 compared 29 to
29 to 31 %
30 5 31 %
31 % 32 of
32 of 33 rccs
34 with 37 expression
35 decreased 37 expression
36 p400 37 expression

multiple cox regression indicated that patients with low proliferative tumors and increased p400 expression had a 60 % lower cancer - specific mortality risk compared to those affected by low proliferative rccs with decreased p400 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 multiple 3 regression
2 cox 3 regression
3 regression 4 indicated
4 indicated 5 that
5 that 6 patients
5 that 15 had
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 15 had
7 with 11 and
8 low 10 tumors
9 proliferative 10 tumors
10 tumors 11 and
11 and 14 expression
12 increased 13 p400
13 p400 14 expression
15 had 20 cancer
16 a 20 cancer
17 60 18 %
18 % 20 cancer
19 lower 20 cancer
21 - 24 risk
21 - 25 compared
21 - 37 .
22 specific 23 mortality
23 mortality 24 risk
24 risk 25 compared
25 compared 26 to
25 compared 33 with
25 compared 36 expression
26 to 27 those
27 those 28 affected
28 affected 29 by
29 by 32 rccs
30 low 32 rccs
31 proliferative 32 rccs
33 with 35 p400
34 decreased 35 p400

in summary , patients affected by highly proliferative tumors with decreased p400 expression exhibit a poor prognosis by multiple cox regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 4 patients
1 in 14 exhibit
2 summary 3 ,
2 summary 4 patients
4 patients 5 affected
5 affected 6 by
5 affected 10 with
6 by 9 tumors
7 highly 8 proliferative
8 proliferative 9 tumors
10 with 13 expression
11 decreased 13 expression
12 p400 13 expression
14 exhibit 17 prognosis
14 exhibit 18 by
15 a 16 poor
15 a 17 prognosis
16 poor 17 prognosis
18 by 21 regression
19 multiple 21 regression
20 cox 21 regression

our data suggest that the highly proliferative , decreased [-] p400 subgroup of rccs represents tumors that are characterized by a loss of the tumor [-] suppressive mechanism of senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 12 subgroup
4 that 15 represents
5 the 12 subgroup
6 highly 7 proliferative
7 proliferative 8 ,
7 proliferative 12 subgroup
9 decreased 12 subgroup
11 p400 12 subgroup
12 subgroup 13 of
12 subgroup 15 represents
13 of 14 rccs
15 represents 16 tumors
16 tumors 17 that
16 tumors 18 are
17 that 18 are
18 are 19 characterized
19 characterized 20 by
20 by 22 loss
21 a 22 loss
22 loss 23 of
23 of 28 mechanism
24 the 28 mechanism
25 tumor 28 mechanism
27 suppressive 28 mechanism
28 mechanism 29 of
29 of 30 senescence

the incidence of chronic respiratory diseases ( e.g [.] , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , copd ) and interstitial lung diseases ( e.g [.] , pneumonia and lung fibrosis ) increases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 18 and
3 of 6 diseases
4 chronic 6 diseases
5 respiratory 6 diseases
6 diseases 14 disease
6 diseases 16 copd
7 ( 14 disease
8 e.g 10 ,
8 e.g 14 disease
11 chronic 14 disease
12 obstructive 14 disease
13 pulmonary 14 disease
14 disease 15 ,
15 , 16 copd
16 copd 17 )
18 and 21 diseases
18 and 31 increases
19 interstitial 20 lung
20 lung 21 diseases
22 ( 31 increases
23 e.g 27 and
23 e.g 31 increases
25 , 27 and
26 pneumonia 27 and
27 and 29 fibrosis
27 and 30 )
28 lung 29 fibrosis
31 increases 32 with
31 increases 34 .
32 with 33 age

in addition to immune senescence , the accumulation of senescent cells [directly] in lung tissue might play a critical role in the increased prevalence of these pulmonary diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 accumulation
2 addition 3 to
3 to 5 senescence
4 immune 5 senescence
7 the 8 accumulation
8 accumulation 9 of
8 accumulation 16 might
9 of 11 cells
10 senescent 11 cells
11 cells 13 in
13 in 15 tissue
14 lung 15 tissue
16 might 17 play
17 play 20 role
17 play 21 in
18 a 19 critical
18 a 20 role
19 critical 20 role
21 in 24 prevalence
22 the 24 prevalence
23 increased 24 prevalence
24 prevalence 25 of
25 of 28 diseases
26 these 28 diseases
27 pulmonary 28 diseases

in the last couple of years , detailed studies have identified the presence of senescent cells in the aging lung and in diseased lungs of patients with copd and lung fibrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 4 couple
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 studies
2 the 4 couple
3 last 4 couple
4 couple 5 of
5 of 6 years
8 detailed 9 studies
9 studies 10 have
10 have 11 identified
11 identified 13 presence
11 identified 27 with
12 the 13 presence
13 presence 14 of
14 of 16 cells
15 senescent 16 cells
16 cells 21 and
17 in 20 lung
17 in 21 and
18 the 20 lung
19 aging 20 lung
21 and 22 in
22 in 24 lungs
23 diseased 24 lungs
24 lungs 25 of
25 of 26 patients
27 with 29 and
28 copd 29 and
29 and 31 fibrosis
30 lung 31 fibrosis

cellular senescence has been shown for epithelial cells of bronchi and alveoli as well as mesenchymal and vascular cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 shown
5 shown 6 for
5 shown 15 as
6 for 8 cells
7 epithelial 8 cells
8 cells 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 bronchi 11 and
11 and 12 alveoli
13 as 14 well
14 well 15 as
15 as 19 cells
16 mesenchymal 17 and
17 and 18 vascular
17 and 19 cells

known risk factors for pulmonary diseases ( cigarette smoke , air pollutions , bacterial infections , etc [.] ) were identified in experimental studies as being possible mediators in the development of cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 air
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 known 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 for
3 factors 11 air
4 for 6 diseases
5 pulmonary 6 diseases
6 diseases 9 smoke
7 ( 9 smoke
8 cigarette 9 smoke
9 smoke 10 ,
11 air 12 pollutions
13 , 15 infections
13 , 21 identified
14 bacterial 15 infections
15 infections 17 etc
15 infections 20 were
16 , 17 etc
17 etc 19 )
20 were 21 identified
21 identified 22 in
21 identified 25 as
21 identified 29 in
22 in 24 studies
23 experimental 24 studies
25 as 28 mediators
26 being 28 mediators
27 possible 28 mediators
29 in 31 development
30 the 31 development
31 development 32 of
32 of 34 senescence
33 cellular 34 senescence

the present findings indicate the importance of cellular senescence in normal lung aging and in premature aging of the lung in patients with copd , lung fibrosis , and probably other respiratory diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 findings
2 present 3 findings
3 findings 4 indicate
4 indicate 29 and
5 the 6 importance
6 importance 7 of
6 importance 25 ,
7 of 9 senescence
8 cellular 9 senescence
9 senescence 14 and
10 in 13 aging
10 in 14 and
11 normal 12 lung
12 lung 13 aging
14 and 15 in
15 in 17 aging
16 premature 17 aging
17 aging 18 of
18 of 20 lung
19 the 20 lung
20 lung 21 in
21 in 22 patients
22 patients 23 with
23 with 24 copd
25 , 27 fibrosis
25 , 29 and
26 lung 27 fibrosis
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 probably
29 and 33 diseases
31 other 33 diseases
32 respiratory 33 diseases

importance : diabetes is associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 diabetes
2 : 5 associated
2 : 17 .
3 diabetes 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 risk
7 an 9 risk
8 elevated 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 13 disease
11 coronary 12 heart
12 heart 13 disease
13 disease 15 chd
14 ( 15 chd
15 chd 16 )

previous studies have suggested that the genetic factors predisposing to excess cardiovascular risk may be different in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 8 factors
5 that 15 be
6 the 8 factors
7 genetic 8 factors
8 factors 9 predisposing
8 factors 14 may
9 predisposing 10 to
9 predisposing 13 risk
10 to 11 excess
12 cardiovascular 13 risk
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 different
16 different 17 in
17 in 21 individuals
18 diabetic 19 and
19 and 20 nondiabetic
19 and 21 individuals

objective : to identify genetic determinants of chd that are specific to patients with diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
2 : 16 .
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 6 determinants
5 genetic 6 determinants
6 determinants 7 of
6 determinants 9 that
6 determinants 10 are
7 of 8 chd
9 that 10 are
10 are 11 specific
11 specific 12 to
11 specific 14 with
12 to 13 patients
14 with 15 diabetes

design , setting , and participants : we studied 5 independent sets of chd cases and chd - negative controls from the nurses ' health study ( enrolled in 1976 and followed up through 2008 [ )(, health professionals follow - up study ( enrolled in 1986 and followed up through [2008] [ )(, joslin heart study ( enrolled in 2001 - 2008 ) , gargano heart study ( enrolled in 2001 - 2008 [ )( and catanzaro study ( enrolled in 2004 - 2010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studied
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
5 and 6 participants
7 : 8 we
8 we 9 studied
9 studied 12 sets
10 5 12 sets
11 independent 12 sets
12 sets 13 of
13 of 19 negative
14 chd 15 cases
15 cases 16 and
16 and 17 chd
16 and 18 -
16 and 19 negative
19 negative 31 and
20 controls 21 from
20 controls 26 study
20 controls 29 in
20 controls 31 and
21 from 25 health
22 the 23 nurses
23 nurses 24 '
24 ' 25 health
26 study 28 enrolled
27 ( 28 enrolled
29 in 30 1976
31 and 32 followed
31 and 33 up
31 and 42 up
33 up 34 through
34 through 35 2008
35 2008 40 follow
37 )(, 40 follow
38 health 39 professionals
39 professionals 40 follow
40 follow 41 -
42 up 48 and
43 study 45 enrolled
43 study 46 in
43 study 48 and
44 ( 45 enrolled
46 in 47 1986
48 and 57 study
48 and 59 enrolled
49 followed 57 study
50 up 57 study
51 through 54 )(,
51 through 57 study
55 joslin 56 heart
56 heart 57 study
58 ( 59 enrolled
59 enrolled 60 in
60 in 61 2001
61 2001 63 2008
61 2001 73 -
62 - 63 2008
63 2008 64 )
65 , 73 -
66 gargano 67 heart
67 heart 68 study
68 study 70 enrolled
68 study 73 -
69 ( 70 enrolled
70 enrolled 71 in
71 in 72 2001
73 - 79 study
74 2008 77 and
77 and 78 catanzaro
78 catanzaro 79 study
79 study 81 enrolled
80 ( 81 enrolled
81 enrolled 82 in
81 enrolled 87 .
82 in 83 2004
83 2004 85 2010
84 - 85 2010
85 2010 86 )

included were a total of 1517 chd cases and 2671 chd - negative controls , all with type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 included 2 were
2 were 9 and
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 and
5 of 8 cases
6 1517 8 cases
7 chd 8 cases
9 and 11 chd
9 and 14 controls
9 and 16 all
10 2671 11 chd
12 - 14 controls
13 negative 14 controls
14 controls 15 ,
15 , 16 all
16 all 17 with
16 all 21 .
17 with 20 diabetes
18 type 20 diabetes
19 2 20 diabetes

results in diabetic patients were compared with those in 737 nondiabetic chd cases and 1637 nondiabetic chd - negative controls from the nurses ' health study and health professionals follow - up study cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 results 2 in
1 results 5 were
2 in 4 patients
3 diabetic 4 patients
5 were 6 compared
6 compared 7 with
6 compared 9 in
7 with 8 those
9 in 14 and
10 737 13 cases
11 nondiabetic 13 cases
12 chd 13 cases
13 cases 14 and
14 and 17 chd
15 1637 17 chd
16 nondiabetic 17 chd
18 - 20 controls
18 - 32 up
18 - 35 .
19 negative 20 controls
20 controls 21 from
20 controls 32 up
21 from 27 and
22 the 23 nurses
23 nurses 24 '
24 ' 26 study
25 health 26 study
26 study 27 and
27 and 30 follow
27 and 31 -
28 health 29 professionals
29 professionals 30 follow
32 up 34 cohorts
33 study 34 cohorts

exposures included 2,543,016 common genetic variants occurring throughout the genome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 exposures 2 included
2 included 6 variants
3 2,543,016 6 variants
4 common 6 variants
5 genetic 6 variants
6 variants 7 occurring
7 occurring 8 throughout
8 throughout 10 genome
9 the 10 genome

main outcomes and measures : coronary heart disease -- defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction , coronary artery bypass grafting , percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty , or angiographic evidence of significant stenosis of the coronary arteries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 :
5 : 8 disease
6 coronary 7 heart
7 heart 8 disease
8 disease 10 defined
9 -- 10 defined
10 defined 11 as
10 defined 38 .
11 as 16 infarction
12 fatal 13 or
13 or 14 nonfatal
13 or 16 infarction
15 myocardial 16 infarction
16 infarction 28 or
17 , 28 or
18 coronary 19 artery
19 artery 20 bypass
20 bypass 21 grafting
21 grafting 22 ,
22 , 26 angioplasty
22 , 28 or
23 percutaneous 25 coronary
24 transluminal 25 coronary
25 coronary 26 angioplasty
27 , 28 or
28 or 30 evidence
28 or 31 of
28 or 34 of
28 or 38 .
29 angiographic 30 evidence
31 of 33 stenosis
32 significant 33 stenosis
34 of 37 arteries
35 the 37 arteries
36 coronary 37 arteries

results : a variant on chromosome 1q25 ( rs10911021 ) was consistently associated with chd risk among diabetic participants , with risk allele frequencies of 0.733 in cases vs 0.679 in controls ( odds [ratio] , 1.36 [ 95 % ci , 1.22 - 1.51 ] ; p = 2 × 10 ( - 8 ) [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 )(
2 : 4 variant
2 : 13 associated
2 : 47 ;
3 a 4 variant
4 variant 5 on
4 variant 9 rs10911021
4 variant 11 was
5 on 7 1q25
6 chromosome 7 1q25
8 ( 9 rs10911021
9 rs10911021 10 )
11 was 13 associated
12 consistently 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 44 -
14 with 16 risk
15 chd 16 risk
16 risk 17 among
16 risk 21 with
17 among 19 participants
18 diabetic 19 participants
20 , 21 with
21 with 24 frequencies
21 with 28 cases
21 with 42 ,
22 risk 24 frequencies
23 allele 24 frequencies
24 frequencies 25 of
25 of 27 in
26 0.733 27 in
28 cases 29 vs
28 cases 31 in
29 vs 30 0.679
31 in 32 controls
32 controls 34 odds
33 ( 34 odds
34 odds 37 1.36
34 odds 42 ,
36 , 37 1.36
37 1.36 41 ci
37 1.36 42 ,
38 [ 41 ci
39 95 41 ci
40 % 41 ci
41 ci 42 ,
42 , 44 -
43 1.22 44 -
44 - 45 1.51
44 - 46 ]
47 ; 48 p
47 ; 49 =
48 p 49 =
49 = 51 ×
50 2 51 ×
51 × 52 10
51 × 55 8
53 ( 55 8
54 - 55 8
55 8 56 )

no association between this variant and chd was detected among nondiabetic participants , with risk allele frequencies of 0.697 in cases vs 0.696 in controls ( odds [ratio] , 0.99 [ 95 % ci , 0.87 - 1.13 ] [;] p = .89[!] ) , consistent with a significant gene × diabetes interaction on chd risk ( p = 2 × 10 ( - 4 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 68 .
1 no 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 8 was
3 between 6 and
4 this 5 variant
5 variant 6 and
6 and 7 chd
8 was 9 detected
9 detected 10 among
9 detected 14 with
10 among 12 participants
11 nondiabetic 12 participants
13 , 14 with
14 with 17 frequencies
14 with 67 )
15 risk 17 frequencies
16 allele 17 frequencies
17 frequencies 18 of
17 frequencies 22 vs
18 of 21 cases
19 0.697 20 in
20 in 21 cases
22 vs 25 controls
23 0.696 24 in
24 in 25 controls
25 controls 27 odds
25 controls 36 0.87
26 ( 27 odds
27 odds 30 0.99
27 odds 35 ,
29 , 30 0.99
30 0.99 34 ci
30 0.99 35 ,
31 [ 34 ci
32 95 34 ci
33 % 34 ci
34 ci 35 ,
35 , 36 0.87
36 0.87 38 1.13
36 0.87 42 =
36 0.87 46 consistent
36 0.87 67 )
37 - 38 1.13
38 1.13 39 ]
41 p 42 =
42 = 43 .89[!]
42 = 44 )
45 , 46 consistent
46 consistent 47 with
46 consistent 66 )
47 with 53 interaction
48 a 49 significant
48 a 53 interaction
49 significant 51 ×
50 gene 51 ×
51 × 52 diabetes
52 diabetes 53 interaction
53 interaction 54 on
54 on 56 risk
55 chd 56 risk
56 risk 59 =
56 risk 65 4
57 ( 59 =
58 p 59 =
59 = 61 ×
60 2 61 ×
61 × 62 10
63 ( 65 4
64 - 65 4
65 4 66 )

compared with protective allele homozygotes , rs10911021 risk allele homozygotes were characterized by a 32 % decrease in the expression of the neighboring glutamate - ammonia ligase ( glul ) gene in human endothelial cells ( p = .0048[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 homozygotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 10 homozygotes
2 with 5 homozygotes
3 protective 5 homozygotes
4 allele 5 homozygotes
7 rs10911021 9 allele
8 risk 9 allele
9 allele 10 homozygotes
10 homozygotes 11 were
11 were 12 characterized
12 characterized 13 by
12 characterized 18 in
12 characterized 32 in
13 by 17 decrease
14 a 17 decrease
15 32 16 %
16 % 17 decrease
18 in 20 expression
19 the 20 expression
20 expression 21 of
21 of 31 gene
22 the 31 gene
23 neighboring 31 gene
24 glutamate 27 ligase
24 glutamate 31 gene
25 - 27 ligase
26 ammonia 27 ligase
27 ligase 29 glul
27 ligase 30 )
28 ( 29 glul
29 glul 30 )
32 in 35 cells
33 human 35 cells
34 endothelial 35 cells
35 cells 38 =
36 ( 38 =
37 p 38 =
38 = 39 .0048[!]
38 = 40 )

a decreased ratio between plasma levels [of] [γ] - glutamyl cycle intermediates pyroglutamic and glutamic acid was also shown in risk allele homozygotes ( p = .029[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 a 3 ratio
2 decreased 3 ratio
3 ratio 4 between
3 ratio 6 levels
4 between 5 plasma
9 - 12 intermediates
9 - 22 allele
9 - 29 .
10 glutamyl 12 intermediates
11 cycle 12 intermediates
12 intermediates 16 acid
12 intermediates 19 shown
12 intermediates 22 allele
13 pyroglutamic 14 and
14 and 15 glutamic
14 and 16 acid
16 acid 17 was
17 was 18 also
17 was 19 shown
19 shown 20 in
20 in 21 risk
22 allele 23 homozygotes
22 allele 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 .029[!]
26 = 28 )

conclusion and relevance : a single - nucleotide polymorphism ( rs10911021 ) was identified that was significantly associated with chd among persons with diabetes but not in those without diabetes and was functionally related to glutamic acid metabolism , suggesting a mechanistic link . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 related
1 conclusion 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 9 polymorphism
4 : 31 and
5 a 6 single
5 a 9 polymorphism
6 single 7 -
6 single 8 nucleotide
8 nucleotide 9 polymorphism
9 polymorphism 11 rs10911021
9 polymorphism 13 was
10 ( 11 rs10911021
11 rs10911021 12 )
13 was 14 identified
15 that 16 was
16 was 31 and
17 significantly 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 25 but
18 associated 31 and
19 with 20 chd
21 among 22 persons
21 among 25 but
22 persons 23 with
23 with 24 diabetes
25 but 26 not
25 but 27 in
27 in 28 those
28 those 29 without
29 without 30 diabetes
31 and 32 was
32 was 34 related
33 functionally 34 related
34 related 35 to
34 related 40 suggesting
35 to 38 metabolism
36 glutamic 37 acid
37 acid 38 metabolism
39 , 40 suggesting
40 suggesting 43 link
40 suggesting 44 .
41 a 43 link
42 mechanistic 43 link

background : the soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation [end] - products ( srage ) has been studied in various diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 form
2 : 20 studied
3 the 5 form
4 soluble 5 form
5 form 6 of
5 form 18 has
6 of 8 receptor
7 the 8 receptor
8 receptor 9 for
9 for 11 glycation
10 advanced 11 glycation
11 glycation 14 products
13 - 14 products
14 products 16 srage
14 products 17 )
15 ( 16 srage
16 srage 17 )
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 studied
20 studied 21 in
21 in 23 diseases
22 various 23 diseases

it is not clear why srage levels vary between studies , with controversial results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 clear
4 clear 5 why
5 why 7 levels
5 why 8 vary
6 srage 7 levels
7 levels 8 vary
8 vary 9 between
9 between 10 studies
10 studies 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 results
12 with 15 .
13 controversial 14 results

what also remains to be determined is whether [receptor] for advanced glycation end [-] products ( rage ) [ligands] could affect srage assessment by epitope masking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 what
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 masking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 what 3 remains
1 what 7 is
2 also 3 remains
3 remains 4 to
3 remains 6 determined
4 to 5 be
7 is 8 whether
8 whether 10 for
10 for 12 glycation
11 advanced 12 glycation
12 glycation 15 products
12 glycation 26 masking
13 end 15 products
15 products 17 rage
15 products 20 could
16 ( 17 rage
17 rage 18 )
20 could 21 affect
21 affect 23 assessment
22 srage 23 assessment
23 assessment 24 by
24 by 25 epitope
25 epitope 26 masking

recently described anti - srage autoantibodies may play an interfering role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 autoantibodies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 recently 2 described
2 described 6 autoantibodies
3 anti 4 -
3 anti 6 autoantibodies
5 srage 6 autoantibodies
6 autoantibodies 7 may
7 may 8 play
8 play 11 role
9 an 11 role
10 interfering 11 role

the aim of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of rage ligands and anti - srage autoantibodies on srage quantification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ligands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 5 study
2 aim 6 was
2 aim 14 ligands
3 of 4 this
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 therefore
6 was 8 to
8 to 9 investigate
9 investigate 11 influence
10 the 11 influence
11 influence 12 of
12 of 13 rage
15 and 18 srage
15 and 19 autoantibodies
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 18 srage
18 srage 19 autoantibodies
19 autoantibodies 20 on
20 on 22 quantification
21 srage 22 quantification

using elisa , anti - srage autoantibodies ( iggs ) were identified in haemodialysis ( hd ) patients , then purified and incubated with rhu - srage or serum to investigate their effects on srage levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 using 2 elisa
1 using 22 and
2 elisa 7 autoantibodies
3 , 7 autoantibodies
4 anti 5 -
4 anti 7 autoantibodies
6 srage 7 autoantibodies
7 autoantibodies 9 iggs
7 autoantibodies 10 )
8 ( 9 iggs
9 iggs 10 )
11 were 20 then
11 were 22 and
12 identified 13 in
12 identified 18 patients
12 identified 20 then
13 in 14 haemodialysis
14 haemodialysis 16 hd
15 ( 16 hd
16 hd 17 )
19 , 20 then
20 then 21 purified
22 and 23 incubated
22 and 24 with
22 and 30 to
24 with 28 or
25 rhu 26 -
25 rhu 27 srage
27 srage 28 or
28 or 29 serum
30 to 31 investigate
31 investigate 33 effects
31 investigate 34 on
32 their 33 effects
34 on 36 levels
35 srage 36 levels

results : rage ligands , either alone at three different concentrations [(] cml was also tested at different glycation levels ) [or] a mixture of all these ligands , did not affect srage levels when incubated with rhu - srage or control serum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 rage
2 : 4 ligands
2 : 5 ,
2 : 41 or
2 : 44 .
3 rage 4 ligands
5 , 7 alone
5 , 14 was
5 , 15 also
6 either 7 alone
7 alone 8 at
7 alone 14 was
8 at 11 concentrations
9 three 11 concentrations
10 different 11 concentrations
13 cml 14 was
15 also 24 mixture
15 also 29 ,
16 tested 17 at
16 tested 21 )
16 tested 24 mixture
17 at 20 levels
18 different 20 levels
19 glycation 20 levels
23 a 24 mixture
24 mixture 25 of
24 mixture 29 ,
25 of 27 these
26 all 27 these
28 ligands 29 ,
29 , 30 did
30 did 31 not
30 did 41 or
32 affect 34 levels
32 affect 35 when
32 affect 37 with
32 affect 41 or
33 srage 34 levels
35 when 36 incubated
37 with 40 srage
38 rhu 39 -
38 rhu 40 srage
41 or 42 control
42 control 43 serum

compared with healthy controls , hd patients had higher levels of srage ( p < 0.001 ) and anti - srage iggs ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 7 patients
2 with 4 controls
3 healthy 4 controls
6 hd 7 patients
7 patients 8 had
8 had 18 and
8 had 25 <
9 higher 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
10 levels 18 and
11 of 12 srage
12 srage 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.001
15 < 17 )
18 and 22 iggs
19 anti 20 -
19 anti 21 srage
21 srage 22 iggs
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.05
25 < 27 )

however , [incubation] of rhu - srage with purified iggs from hd patients had no effect on srage quantification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 13 patients
4 of 7 srage
4 of 13 patients
5 rhu 6 -
5 rhu 7 srage
7 srage 8 with
8 with 10 iggs
9 purified 10 iggs
10 iggs 11 from
11 from 12 hd
13 patients 14 had
14 had 16 effect
14 had 17 on
15 no 16 effect
17 on 19 quantification
18 srage 19 quantification

conclusions : rage ligands or anti - srage autoantibodies did not interfere with srage quantification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 rage
2 : 4 ligands
2 : 5 or
2 : 16 .
3 rage 4 ligands
5 or 9 autoantibodies
5 or 12 interfere
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 9 autoantibodies
8 srage 9 autoantibodies
9 autoantibodies 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 interfere
12 interfere 13 with
13 with 15 quantification
14 srage 15 quantification

further studies are required to elucidate the variability in srage levels reported in the literature and to define the potential of srage for use as a reliable biomarker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 16 and
4 required 5 to
4 required 9 in
4 required 11 levels
4 required 12 reported
4 required 16 and
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 8 variability
7 the 8 variability
9 in 10 srage
11 levels 12 reported
12 reported 13 in
13 in 15 literature
14 the 15 literature
16 and 17 to
16 and 18 define
16 and 25 as
17 to 18 define
18 define 20 potential
19 the 20 potential
20 potential 21 of
21 of 22 srage
22 srage 23 for
23 for 24 use
25 as 28 biomarker
26 a 28 biomarker
27 reliable 28 biomarker

objective [:] to assess effect of age on the characteristic of left [ventricular] ( lv ) twist [-] displacement loop in health volunteers by velocity vector imaging ( vvi ) and to provide a new method for lv function [evaluation] [in] [clinic] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 objective 3 to
1 objective 4 assess
1 objective 31 and
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 5 effect
4 assess 8 on
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 age
8 on 10 characteristic
9 the 10 characteristic
10 characteristic 11 of
11 of 19 displacement
12 left 15 lv
12 left 16 )
12 left 17 twist
14 ( 15 lv
15 lv 16 )
17 twist 19 displacement
20 loop 21 in
20 loop 31 and
21 in 23 volunteers
22 health 23 volunteers
23 volunteers 24 by
24 by 27 imaging
25 velocity 27 imaging
26 vector 27 imaging
27 imaging 29 vvi
28 ( 29 vvi
29 vvi 30 )
31 and 32 to
31 and 39 function
32 to 33 provide
33 provide 36 method
33 provide 37 for
34 a 35 new
34 a 36 method
35 new 36 method
37 for 38 lv

methods : after obtaining basal and apical lv short - axis images in 98 healthy volunteers ( 18 - 75 years old ) by 2 - dimensional echocardiography , we use vvi software to analysis lv twist motion and radial displacement at each plane off - line . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 after
3 after 4 obtaining
4 obtaining 6 and
4 obtaining 8 lv
4 obtaining 9 short
5 basal 6 and
6 and 7 apical
10 - 12 images
10 - 29 ,
11 axis 12 images
12 images 13 in
12 images 24 by
13 in 16 volunteers
14 98 16 volunteers
15 healthy 16 volunteers
16 volunteers 19 -
17 ( 19 -
18 18 19 -
19 - 20 75
19 - 22 old
19 - 23 )
20 75 21 years
21 years 22 old
24 by 25 2
25 2 28 echocardiography
26 - 28 echocardiography
27 dimensional 28 echocardiography
28 echocardiography 29 ,
29 , 30 we
29 , 31 use
29 , 46 -
30 we 31 use
31 use 33 software
31 use 34 to
32 vvi 33 software
34 to 35 analysis
35 analysis 36 lv
35 analysis 39 and
35 analysis 45 off
37 twist 38 motion
38 motion 39 and
39 and 41 displacement
39 and 42 at
39 and 44 plane
40 radial 41 displacement
42 at 43 each
44 plane 45 off
46 - 47 line

[the] peak lv [twist] ( ptw ) , the peak [untwist] velocity ( putwv ) , the proportion of [untwist] in isovolumetric relaxation period ( iutw [%] ) and [lv] radial displacement [(] [dis] ) were measured and calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 peak 3 lv
2 peak 16 ,
3 lv 6 ptw
3 lv 12 velocity
5 ( 6 ptw
6 ptw 7 )
8 , 12 velocity
9 the 12 velocity
10 peak 12 velocity
12 velocity 14 putwv
12 velocity 15 )
13 ( 14 putwv
14 putwv 15 )
16 , 38 and
17 the 18 proportion
18 proportion 19 of
18 proportion 29 and
19 of 21 in
21 in 24 period
22 isovolumetric 23 relaxation
23 relaxation 24 period
24 period 26 iutw
25 ( 26 iutw
26 iutw 28 )
29 and 32 displacement
29 and 35 )
29 and 36 were
31 radial 32 displacement
36 were 38 and
37 measured 38 and
38 and 39 calculated

then we constructed lv [twist] - [displacement] loop and compared the characteristic of them among different groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 then 2 we
2 we 3 constructed
3 constructed 4 lv
6 - 9 and
6 - 18 .
8 loop 9 and
9 and 10 compared
10 compared 12 characteristic
10 compared 15 among
11 the 12 characteristic
12 characteristic 13 of
13 of 14 them
15 among 17 groups
16 different 17 groups

results : ptw increased gradually with the increase in age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 ptw
3 ptw 4 increased
4 increased 5 gradually
4 increased 6 with
4 increased 9 in
6 with 8 increase
7 the 8 increase
9 in 10 age

the biggest putwv was in the group of 30 - 60 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 old
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 biggest
1 the 13 old
3 putwv 4 was
4 was 5 in
5 in 7 group
6 the 7 group
7 group 8 of
8 of 10 -
9 30 10 -
10 - 11 60
11 60 12 years
12 years 13 old

iutw [%] increased gradually before 60 years old , then decreased after that . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 iutw
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 then
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 iutw 10 then
3 increased 4 gradually
3 increased 5 before
3 increased 10 then
5 before 6 60
6 60 8 old
7 years 8 old
9 , 10 then
10 then 11 decreased
10 then 12 after
12 after 13 that

[dis] [was] [not] obviously different [among] [the] three groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
4 obviously 5 different
5 different 9 groups
8 three 9 groups

the characteristic of [lv] twist [-] displacement [loop] was like the configuration of 8 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 characteristic
2 characteristic 3 of
2 characteristic 9 was
3 of 7 displacement
5 twist 7 displacement
9 was 10 like
10 like 12 configuration
11 the 12 configuration
12 configuration 13 of
13 of 14 8

there was a linear relation between twist [and] displacement during systole , and the slope increased gradually with the increase in age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 relation
2 was 6 between
2 was 10 during
2 was 18 with
3 a 5 relation
4 linear 5 relation
6 between 9 displacement
7 twist 9 displacement
10 during 13 and
11 systole 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 slope
13 and 16 increased
14 the 15 slope
16 increased 17 gradually
18 with 20 increase
19 the 20 increase
20 increase 21 in
21 in 22 age

during early diastole , the relatively small radial expanding displacement displayed with untwisting , resulting in a much steeper twist [-] displacement relationship curve occurred in each group , which was getting smooth gradually when the radial expanding displacement increased during mid [to] late diastole . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 radial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 during 3 diastole
1 during 4 ,
1 during 8 radial
2 early 3 diastole
5 the 8 radial
6 relatively 7 small
7 small 8 radial
8 radial 9 expanding
8 radial 25 occurred
9 expanding 10 displacement
10 displacement 11 displayed
10 displacement 16 in
11 displayed 12 with
11 displayed 14 ,
11 displayed 15 resulting
12 with 13 untwisting
16 in 24 curve
17 a 18 much
17 a 24 curve
18 much 19 steeper
19 steeper 24 curve
20 twist 24 curve
22 displacement 24 curve
23 relationship 24 curve
25 occurred 26 in
26 in 28 group
27 each 28 group
29 , 30 which
29 , 31 was
30 which 31 was
31 was 32 getting
32 getting 33 smooth
33 smooth 34 gradually
33 smooth 35 when
33 smooth 41 during
35 when 37 radial
35 when 40 increased
36 the 37 radial
37 radial 38 expanding
37 radial 40 increased
38 expanding 39 displacement
41 during 45 diastole
42 mid 45 diastole
44 late 45 diastole

conclusions : vvi can be used [to] effectively and noninvasively assess lv [twist] - [displacement] loop with change in age and provide important information for lv [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 vvi
2 : 9 and
2 : 14 -
3 vvi 4 can
4 can 9 and
5 be 6 used
5 be 9 and
6 used 8 effectively
9 and 11 assess
10 noninvasively 11 assess
11 assess 12 lv
14 - 21 and
16 loop 17 with
16 loop 19 in
16 loop 21 and
17 with 18 change
19 in 20 age
21 and 22 provide
22 provide 24 information
23 important 24 information
24 information 25 for
25 for 26 lv

the effect of age must take into account [when] [evaluate] the [lv] function by the twist - [displacement] loop . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 5 must
3 of 4 age
5 must 6 take
6 take 8 account
6 take 13 function
6 take 14 by
7 into 8 account
11 the 13 function
14 by 16 twist
15 the 16 twist
17 - 19 loop
17 - 20 .

introduction : observational studies do not always find positive associations between physical activity and muscle strength despite intervention studies consistently showing that exercise improves strength in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 studies
2 : 14 and
3 observational 4 studies
4 studies 14 and
5 do 6 not
5 do 8 find
5 do 14 and
7 always 8 find
8 find 10 associations
8 find 11 between
9 positive 10 associations
11 between 13 activity
12 physical 13 activity
14 and 15 muscle
14 and 26 in
15 muscle 16 strength
15 muscle 17 despite
17 despite 19 studies
18 intervention 19 studies
19 studies 21 showing
20 consistently 21 showing
21 showing 22 that
22 that 23 exercise
22 that 24 improves
23 exercise 24 improves
24 improves 25 strength
26 in 28 adults
27 older 28 adults

in previous analyses of the mrc national survey of health and development ( nshd ) , the 1946 british birth cohort , there was no evidence of an association between leisure time physical activity ( ltpa ) across adulthood and grip strength at age 53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 in 11 and
1 in 22 ,
1 in 23 there
2 previous 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 of
3 analyses 9 of
3 analyses 11 and
4 of 8 survey
5 the 8 survey
6 mrc 7 national
7 national 8 survey
9 of 10 health
11 and 12 development
11 and 14 nshd
11 and 21 cohort
13 ( 14 nshd
14 nshd 15 )
16 , 21 cohort
17 the 21 cohort
18 1946 21 cohort
19 british 20 birth
20 birth 21 cohort
21 cohort 22 ,
23 there 24 was
24 was 26 evidence
24 was 43 at
25 no 26 evidence
26 evidence 27 of
26 evidence 30 between
26 evidence 38 across
27 of 29 association
28 an 29 association
30 between 34 activity
31 leisure 34 activity
32 time 34 activity
33 physical 34 activity
34 activity 36 ltpa
35 ( 36 ltpa
36 ltpa 37 )
38 across 40 and
39 adulthood 40 and
40 and 42 strength
41 grip 42 strength
43 at 44 age
44 age 45 53

this study tested the hypothesis that cumulative benefits of ltpa across mid - life on grip strength will have emerged by age 60 - 64 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 tested
3 tested 5 hypothesis
3 tested 24 -
4 the 5 hypothesis
5 hypothesis 6 that
6 that 8 benefits
6 that 20 emerged
7 cumulative 8 benefits
8 benefits 9 of
8 benefits 18 will
9 of 10 ltpa
10 ltpa 11 across
11 across 14 life
12 mid 13 -
12 mid 14 life
14 life 15 on
15 on 17 strength
16 grip 17 strength
18 will 19 have
19 have 20 emerged
20 emerged 21 by
21 by 22 age
23 60 24 -
24 - 25 64

methods : data from the mrc nshd were used to investigate the associations between ltpa at ages 36 , 43 , 53 and 60 - 64 and grip strength at 60 - 64 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 27 and
2 : 34 .
3 data 4 from
3 data 27 and
4 from 6 mrc
5 the 6 mrc
6 mrc 7 nshd
6 mrc 8 were
7 nshd 8 were
9 used 10 to
9 used 14 between
9 used 26 64
9 used 27 and
10 to 11 investigate
11 investigate 13 associations
12 the 13 associations
14 between 15 ltpa
15 ltpa 16 at
15 ltpa 20 43
15 ltpa 23 and
16 at 17 ages
17 ages 18 36
19 , 20 43
20 43 21 ,
21 , 23 and
22 53 23 and
23 and 24 60
23 and 25 -
27 and 28 grip
27 and 30 at
28 grip 29 strength
30 at 32 -
31 60 32 -
32 - 33 64

linear regression models were constructed to examine the effect of activity at each age separately and as a cumulative score , including adjustment for potential confounders and testing of life course hypotheses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 linear 2 regression
2 regression 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 constructed
5 constructed 6 to
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 effect
7 examine 12 at
7 examine 15 separately
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
10 of 11 activity
12 at 14 age
13 each 14 age
16 and 27 and
16 and 31 course
17 as 20 score
17 as 21 ,
17 as 27 and
18 a 20 score
19 cumulative 20 score
22 including 23 adjustment
23 adjustment 24 for
23 adjustment 27 and
24 for 26 confounders
25 potential 26 confounders
27 and 28 testing
27 and 29 of
27 and 31 course
29 of 30 life
31 course 32 hypotheses

results : there were complete longitudinal data available for 1,645 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
2 : 12 .
3 there 4 were
4 were 7 data
5 complete 7 data
6 longitudinal 7 data
7 data 8 available
8 available 9 for
9 for 11 participants
10 1,645 11 participants

there was evidence of a cumulative effect of ltpa across mid - life on grip strength at 60 - 64 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 of
4 of 7 effect
5 a 6 cumulative
5 a 7 effect
6 cumulative 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 9 ltpa
9 ltpa 10 across
9 ltpa 14 on
10 across 13 life
11 mid 12 -
11 mid 13 life
14 on 16 strength
15 grip 16 strength
16 strength 17 at
17 at 19 -
18 60 19 -
19 - 20 64

compared with the third of participants who reported the least ltpa participation across the four time points , those in the top third had on average 2.11 kg [(] 95 % ci : 0.88 , 3.35 [ )(stronger grip [after] adjustments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 18 ,
1 compared 19 those
2 with 4 third
3 the 4 third
4 third 5 of
4 third 13 across
5 of 6 participants
6 participants 7 who
6 participants 8 reported
7 who 8 reported
8 reported 10 least
8 reported 12 participation
9 the 10 least
11 ltpa 12 participation
13 across 17 points
14 the 15 four
15 four 17 points
16 time 17 points
19 those 20 in
19 those 24 had
20 in 23 third
21 the 22 top
21 the 23 third
24 had 26 average
24 had 32 ci
25 on 26 average
27 2.11 28 kg
28 kg 32 ci
30 95 32 ci
31 % 32 ci
33 : 34 0.88
33 : 35 ,
35 , 41 adjustments
36 3.35 41 adjustments
38 )(stronger 39 grip
39 grip 41 adjustments

conclusions : increased levels of ltpa across mid - life were associated with stronger grip [at] age 60 - 64 , in both men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 levels
2 : 12 associated
2 : 27 .
3 increased 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 11 were
5 of 6 ltpa
6 ltpa 7 across
7 across 10 life
8 mid 9 -
8 mid 10 life
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 17 age
13 with 22 in
14 stronger 15 grip
15 grip 17 age
17 age 18 60
17 age 20 64
19 - 20 64
20 64 21 ,
22 in 25 and
23 both 24 men
24 men 25 and
25 and 26 women

as these associations have emerged since age 53 , it suggests that ltpa [across] adulthood may prevent decline in grip strength in early old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 as 3 associations
1 as 5 emerged
1 as 9 ,
1 as 10 it
2 these 3 associations
3 associations 4 have
4 have 5 emerged
5 emerged 6 since
6 since 7 age
7 age 8 53
10 it 11 suggests
11 suggests 12 that
12 that 13 ltpa
12 that 18 decline
13 ltpa 15 adulthood
13 ltpa 17 prevent
15 adulthood 16 may
16 may 17 prevent
18 decline 19 in
18 decline 22 in
19 in 21 strength
20 grip 21 strength
22 in 25 age
23 early 25 age
24 old 25 age

background : evidence suggests cahmb may impact muscle mass [and/or] strength in older adults , yet no long - term studies have compared its effectiveness in sedentary and resistance training conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 evidence
2 : 4 suggests
3 evidence 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 cahmb
4 suggests 23 compared
5 cahmb 6 may
6 may 7 impact
7 impact 11 strength
7 impact 12 in
7 impact 16 yet
8 muscle 9 mass
9 mass 11 strength
12 in 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 , 16 yet
16 yet 21 studies
17 no 21 studies
18 long 19 -
18 long 21 studies
20 term 21 studies
21 studies 22 have
22 have 23 compared
23 compared 25 effectiveness
23 compared 26 in
24 its 25 effectiveness
26 in 28 and
27 sedentary 28 and
28 and 29 resistance
28 and 30 training
30 training 31 conditions

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of cahmb supplementation and resistance training ( 3 [d] [wk] ( - 1 ) ) or cahmb supplementation only in ≥65 [yr] old adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 effects
8 evaluate 32 only
9 the 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 13 weeks
12 24 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 of
14 of 29 or
15 cahmb 16 supplementation
16 supplementation 17 and
17 and 19 training
17 and 21 3
17 and 29 or
18 resistance 19 training
20 ( 21 3
21 3 26 1
21 3 28 )
24 ( 26 1
25 - 26 1
26 1 27 )
29 or 31 supplementation
30 cahmb 31 supplementation
32 only 33 in
33 in 37 adults
34 ≥65 37 adults
36 old 37 adults

methods : this double - blinded , placebo - controlled , [trial] occurred in two phases under ad [libitum] conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 double
3 this 4 double
4 double 6 blinded
5 - 6 blinded
6 blinded 7 ,
7 , 8 placebo
7 , 9 -
9 - 11 ,
10 controlled 11 ,
11 , 13 occurred
13 occurred 14 in
13 occurred 17 under
14 in 16 phases
15 two 16 phases
17 under 20 conditions
18 ad 20 conditions

phase i consisted of two [non] - exercise groups : [(] a [ )(placebo and [(] [b] [ )(3 g cahmb consumed [twice] daily . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 phase 2 i
1 phase 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 5 two
5 two 9 groups
7 - 9 groups
8 exercise 9 groups
9 groups 10 :
10 : 15 and
12 a 14 )(placebo
14 )(placebo 15 and
15 and 24 daily
19 )(3 20 g
20 g 22 consumed
21 cahmb 22 consumed
22 consumed 24 daily

phase ii consisted of two resistance exercise groups : ( a [ )(placebo and resistance exercise and [(] [b] [ )(3 g cahmb consumed twice daily and resistance exercise ( re ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 phase 2 ii
1 phase 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 5 two
5 two 6 resistance
5 two 9 :
5 two 17 and
6 resistance 7 exercise
6 resistance 8 groups
6 resistance 9 :
7 exercise 8 groups
10 ( 17 and
11 a 13 )(placebo
13 )(placebo 14 and
14 and 16 exercise
14 and 17 and
15 resistance 16 exercise
17 and 29 exercise
17 and 31 re
17 and 32 )
21 )(3 22 g
22 g 29 exercise
23 cahmb 24 consumed
23 cahmb 27 and
24 consumed 25 twice
24 consumed 26 daily
27 and 28 resistance
27 and 29 exercise
30 ( 31 re
31 re 32 )

strength and functionality were assessed in both phases with isokinetic leg extension and flexion at 60°·s ( - 1 ) and 180°·s ( - 1 ) ( le60 , lf60 , le180 , lf180 ) , hand grip strength ( hg ) and get - up - and [-] [go] [(] gug ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ,
1 strength 2 and
2 and 3 functionality
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 in
5 assessed 9 with
6 in 8 phases
7 both 8 phases
9 with 21 and
10 isokinetic 11 leg
11 leg 12 extension
12 extension 13 and
13 and 14 flexion
13 and 15 at
13 and 19 1
13 and 21 and
15 at 16 60°·s
17 ( 19 1
18 - 19 1
19 1 20 )
21 and 22 180°·s
21 and 25 1
21 and 28 le60
21 and 30 lf60
23 ( 25 1
24 - 25 1
25 1 26 )
27 ( 28 le60
28 le60 29 ,
29 , 30 lf60
30 lf60 32 le180
30 lf60 35 )
31 , 32 le180
32 le180 34 lf180
32 le180 35 )
33 , 34 lf180
34 lf180 35 )
36 , 43 and
36 , 45 -
37 hand 39 strength
37 hand 43 and
38 grip 39 strength
39 strength 41 hg
40 ( 41 hg
41 hg 42 )
43 and 44 get
45 - 48 and
45 - 54 .
46 up 48 and
47 - 48 and
48 and 52 gug
48 and 53 )

dual x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) was used to measure arm [,] leg [,] [and] total body lean [mass] ( lm ) as well as total fat [mass] ( fm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dual
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 dual 2 x
1 dual 7 dxa
1 dual 9 was
3 - 7 dxa
4 ray 5 absorptiometry
5 absorptiometry 7 dxa
6 ( 7 dxa
7 dxa 8 )
9 was 10 used
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 measure
11 to 12 measure
12 measure 20 lean
12 measure 27 as
13 arm 15 leg
15 leg 20 lean
18 total 19 body
19 body 20 lean
20 lean 23 lm
22 ( 23 lm
23 lm 24 )
25 as 26 well
26 well 27 as
27 as 29 fat
28 total 29 fat
29 fat 32 fm
31 ( 32 fm
32 fm 33 )

muscle quality was measured for arm [(] mq ( hg )=hg/arm lm ) and leg ( mq60=le60/leg lm ) ( mq180=le180/leg lm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 muscle 2 quality
2 quality 3 was
3 was 14 and
4 measured 5 for
4 measured 14 and
5 for 8 mq
6 arm 8 mq
8 mq 12 lm
9 ( 12 lm
10 hg 12 lm
11 )=hg/arm 12 lm
12 lm 13 )
14 and 15 leg
14 and 22 lm
15 leg 18 lm
16 ( 18 lm
17 mq60=le60/leg 18 lm
18 lm 19 )
20 ( 22 lm
21 mq180=le180/leg 22 lm
22 lm 23 )

results : at 24 weeks of phase i , change in le60 ( +8.8 [%] ) and mq180 ( +20.8 % [ )( cahmb was significantly ( p<0.05 ) greater than that [for] placebo group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 17 and
2 : 35 group
3 at 5 weeks
3 at 9 ,
3 at 17 and
4 24 5 weeks
5 weeks 6 of
6 of 7 phase
7 phase 8 i
10 change 11 in
10 change 17 and
11 in 12 le60
12 le60 14 +8.8
13 ( 14 +8.8
14 +8.8 16 )
17 and 18 mq180
17 and 30 greater
17 and 35 group
18 mq180 20 +20.8
19 ( 20 +20.8
20 +20.8 24 cahmb
20 +20.8 25 was
20 +20.8 28 p<0.05
20 +20.8 29 )
21 % 24 cahmb
24 cahmb 25 was
25 was 26 significantly
27 ( 28 p<0.05
28 p<0.05 29 )
30 greater 31 than
31 than 34 placebo
32 that 34 placebo

additionally , only cahmb showed significant ( p<0.05 ) improvements in total lm ( 2.2 % ) , leg lm ( 2.1 % ) , and le180 ( +17.3 [%] ) , though no treatment effect was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 only
3 only 4 cahmb
4 cahmb 5 showed
5 showed 10 improvements
5 showed 12 total
5 showed 13 lm
5 showed 26 and
6 significant 8 p<0.05
6 significant 9 )
6 significant 10 improvements
7 ( 8 p<0.05
8 p<0.05 9 )
11 in 12 total
13 lm 16 %
13 lm 20 lm
14 ( 16 %
15 2.2 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 , 20 lm
19 leg 20 lm
20 lm 23 %
20 lm 25 ,
21 ( 23 %
22 2.1 23 %
23 % 24 )
26 and 27 le180
27 le180 29 +17.3
28 ( 29 +17.3
29 +17.3 31 )
32 , 36 effect
32 , 38 observed
33 though 35 treatment
33 though 36 effect
34 no 35 treatment
36 effect 37 was
37 was 38 observed

phase ii demonstrated that re significantly improved total lm ( 4.3 % ) , le60 ( 22.8 % ) , le180 ( 21.4 % ) , hg ( 9.8 % ) , and gug ( 10.2 % ) with no difference between treatment groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 phase 2 ii
1 phase 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
4 that 5 re
4 that 7 improved
5 re 7 improved
6 significantly 7 improved
7 improved 9 lm
7 improved 39 with
7 improved 42 between
8 total 9 lm
9 lm 12 %
9 lm 15 le60
10 ( 12 %
11 4.3 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 , 15 le60
15 le60 18 %
15 le60 21 le180
15 le60 38 )
16 ( 18 %
17 22.8 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 , 21 le180
21 le180 24 %
21 le180 33 and
21 le180 38 )
22 ( 24 %
23 21.4 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 , 33 and
27 hg 30 %
27 hg 33 and
28 ( 30 %
29 9.8 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 gug
33 and 37 %
33 and 38 )
35 ( 37 %
36 10.2 37 %
37 % 38 )
39 with 41 difference
40 no 41 difference
42 between 44 groups
43 treatment 44 groups

at [week] 24 , only cahmb [group] significantly improved fm ( - 3.8 % ) and mqhg ( 7.3 % ) ; however there was no treatment main effect for these variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 at 3 24
1 at 4 ,
1 at 5 only
5 only 6 cahmb
6 cahmb 9 improved
8 significantly 9 improved
9 improved 16 and
10 fm 14 %
10 fm 16 and
11 ( 14 %
12 - 13 3.8
13 3.8 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 and 17 mqhg
17 mqhg 20 %
18 ( 20 %
19 7.3 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 ; 24 there
22 ; 25 was
23 however 24 there
24 there 25 was
25 was 29 effect
26 no 29 effect
27 treatment 29 effect
28 main 29 effect
29 effect 30 for
30 for 32 variables
31 these 32 variables

conclusion : cahmb improved strength and mq without re . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cahmb
2 : 4 improved
2 : 10 .
3 cahmb 4 improved
4 improved 6 and
4 improved 8 without
5 strength 6 and
6 and 7 mq
8 without 9 re

further , re is an effective intervention for improving all measures of body composition and functionality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 re
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 re
3 re 4 is
4 is 7 intervention
5 an 6 effective
5 an 7 intervention
6 effective 7 intervention
7 intervention 8 for
8 for 9 improving
9 improving 11 measures
10 all 11 measures
11 measures 12 of
12 of 15 and
13 body 14 composition
14 composition 15 and
15 and 16 functionality

the il [-] 6 gene polymorphism has been associated with disease prevalence and different physiological responses to exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 polymorphism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 6 polymorphism
2 il 4 6
2 il 6 polymorphism
5 gene 6 polymorphism
6 polymorphism 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 17 to
10 with 13 and
11 disease 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 and
13 and 16 responses
14 different 16 responses
15 physiological 16 responses
17 to 18 exercise

eccentric resistance exercise ( ere ) is considered a nonpharmacological tool to prevent the chronic degenerative profile associated with aging and obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 prevent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 eccentric 2 resistance
2 resistance 3 exercise
3 exercise 5 ere
3 exercise 7 is
4 ( 5 ere
5 ere 6 )
7 is 8 considered
8 considered 11 tool
8 considered 12 to
9 a 10 nonpharmacological
9 a 11 tool
10 nonpharmacological 11 tool
12 to 13 prevent
13 prevent 21 and
14 the 17 profile
15 chronic 17 profile
16 degenerative 17 profile
17 profile 18 associated
17 profile 19 with
17 profile 21 and
19 with 20 aging
21 and 22 obesity

consequently , the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of il - 6 - 174g/c [polymorphism] on acute interleukin - 6 ( il - 6 ) and creatine kinase ( ck ) temporal response [to] ere in elderly obese women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 9 was
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 present 8 study
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 investigate
10 to 11 investigate
11 investigate 40 ere
11 investigate 41 in
12 the 13 influence
13 influence 14 of
13 influence 31 and
14 of 15 il
15 il 17 6
15 il 27 il
16 - 17 6
17 6 19 174g/c
17 6 24 -
18 - 19 174g/c
19 174g/c 21 on
19 174g/c 24 -
21 on 23 interleukin
22 acute 23 interleukin
24 - 27 il
25 6 27 il
26 ( 27 il
27 il 28 -
27 il 29 6
27 il 30 )
28 - 29 6
29 6 30 )
31 and 33 kinase
31 and 35 ck
31 and 40 ere
32 creatine 33 kinase
34 ( 35 ck
35 ck 36 )
37 temporal 38 response
38 response 40 ere
41 in 44 women
42 elderly 44 women
43 obese 44 women

ninety women completed seven sets of ten repetitions ( [eccentric] only [ )(of an acute ere session at 110 % of the ten repetitions maximum ( 10rm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 ninety 2 women
2 women 3 completed
3 completed 5 sets
4 seven 5 sets
5 sets 6 of
5 sets 13 )(of
6 of 8 repetitions
7 ten 8 repetitions
9 ( 11 only
9 ( 13 )(of
13 )(of 17 session
13 )(of 28 )
14 an 15 acute
14 an 17 session
15 acute 17 session
16 ere 17 session
17 session 18 at
17 session 21 of
17 session 27 10rm
18 at 20 %
19 110 20 %
21 of 25 maximum
22 the 25 maximum
23 ten 24 repetitions
24 repetitions 25 maximum
26 ( 27 10rm
27 10rm 28 )

il - 6 [genotypes] displayed no difference at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 6
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 il 2 -
1 il 3 6
3 6 5 displayed
5 displayed 7 difference
5 displayed 8 at
6 no 7 difference
8 at 9 baseline

ere induced changes in ck concentration over time occurred only in the gg group [,] f ( 2.619 , 136.173 )=5.199 , p=0.003 [,] with ck activity increased from 106.8±6.9 [u/l] pre - intervention to 122.7±11.2 [u/l] at 24 h and 131.9±14.4 [u/l] at 48 h post - exercise . 
1 ere 2 induced
2 induced 3 changes
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 7 over
3 changes 9 occurred
4 in 6 concentration
5 ck 6 concentration
7 over 8 time
9 occurred 10 only
9 occurred 11 in
11 in 23 p=0.003
12 the 23 p=0.003
13 gg 21 )=5.199
13 gg 23 p=0.003
14 group 16 f
14 group 18 2.619
17 ( 18 2.619
18 2.619 19 ,
19 , 21 )=5.199
20 136.173 21 )=5.199
21 )=5.199 22 ,
23 p=0.003 25 with
23 p=0.003 28 increased
23 p=0.003 35 to
25 with 27 activity
26 ck 27 activity
28 increased 29 from
29 from 34 intervention
30 106.8±6.9 34 intervention
32 pre 33 -
32 pre 34 intervention
35 to 41 and
36 122.7±11.2 38 at
36 122.7±11.2 41 and
38 at 40 h
39 24 40 h
41 and 42 131.9±14.4
41 and 44 at
44 at 47 post
45 48 46 h
46 h 47 post
47 post 49 exercise
48 - 49 exercise
49 exercise 50 .

il - 6 concentration in the gg group was lower than the cc/cg group only at 0 h post - exercise ( 3.78±0.58 [pg/ml] versus 6.51±1.91 [pg/ml] , p=0.030 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 il 2 -
1 il 4 concentration
3 6 4 concentration
4 concentration 5 in
4 concentration 9 was
5 in 8 group
6 the 8 group
7 gg 8 group
9 was 10 lower
10 lower 11 than
10 lower 15 only
11 than 14 group
12 the 14 group
13 cc/cg 14 group
15 only 16 at
16 at 19 post
17 0 18 h
18 h 19 post
19 post 21 exercise
19 post 29 p=0.030
20 - 21 exercise
21 exercise 23 3.78±0.58
21 exercise 28 ,
22 ( 23 3.78±0.58
23 3.78±0.58 25 versus
23 3.78±0.58 28 ,
25 versus 26 6.51±1.91
28 , 29 p=0.030
29 p=0.030 30 )

only the gg [genotype] group had higher ck activity 24 - 48 h following ere and greater ck integral values , while il - 6 activity over 48 h was higher in the cc/cg genotype group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 only 5 group
2 the 5 group
3 gg 5 group
5 group 6 had
6 had 9 activity
6 had 22 while
7 higher 9 activity
8 ck 9 activity
9 activity 10 24
9 activity 20 values
11 - 20 values
12 48 13 h
13 h 14 following
14 following 15 ere
15 ere 16 and
16 and 18 ck
16 and 20 values
17 greater 18 ck
19 integral 20 values
20 values 21 ,
22 while 23 il
22 while 36 group
23 il 25 6
23 il 35 genotype
23 il 36 group
24 - 25 6
25 6 26 activity
25 6 30 was
25 6 35 genotype
26 activity 27 over
26 activity 30 was
27 over 29 h
28 48 29 h
30 was 31 higher
30 was 32 in
32 in 34 cc/cg
33 the 34 cc/cg

in conclusion , il - 6 genotype affects ck and il - 6 in response to ere . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 il
3 , 8 affects
4 il 6 6
4 il 7 genotype
4 il 8 affects
5 - 6 6
6 6 7 genotype
8 affects 10 and
8 affects 16 to
9 ck 10 and
10 and 15 response
11 il 15 response
12 - 13 6
13 6 14 in
14 in 15 response
16 to 17 ere

it is [of] interest that the ere protocol induced an elevation in ck , indicating possible muscle damage without exacerbating il - 6 and ck for the gg [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 interest
2 is 5 that
5 that 8 protocol
5 that 9 induced
6 the 8 protocol
7 ere 8 protocol
8 protocol 9 induced
9 induced 11 elevation
9 induced 12 in
10 an 11 elevation
12 in 13 ck
13 ck 15 indicating
14 , 15 indicating
15 indicating 18 damage
15 indicating 19 without
15 indicating 22 -
16 possible 17 muscle
17 muscle 18 damage
19 without 20 exacerbating
20 exacerbating 21 il
22 - 25 ck
23 6 24 and
24 and 25 ck
25 ck 26 for
26 for 28 gg
27 the 28 gg

fractures of the proximal femur are the most devastating outcome of osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 fractures 2 of
1 fractures 6 are
2 of 5 femur
3 the 5 femur
4 proximal 5 femur
6 are 10 outcome
7 the 10 outcome
8 most 9 devastating
9 devastating 10 outcome
10 outcome 11 of
11 of 12 osteoporosis

it is generally understood [that] age - related changes in hip structure confer increased risk , but there have been few explicit comparisons of such changes in healthy subjects to those [with] hip fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 generally
2 is 6 age
4 understood 6 age
7 - 9 changes
7 - 13 confer
7 - 16 ,
8 related 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
9 changes 13 confer
10 in 12 structure
11 hip 12 structure
13 confer 15 risk
14 increased 15 risk
16 , 17 but
16 , 34 fracture
17 but 18 there
17 but 20 been
18 there 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 few
21 few 23 comparisons
21 few 34 fracture
22 explicit 23 comparisons
23 comparisons 24 of
23 comparisons 30 to
23 comparisons 34 fracture
24 of 26 changes
25 such 26 changes
26 changes 27 in
27 in 29 subjects
28 healthy 29 subjects
30 to 33 hip
31 those 33 hip

in this study , we used quantitative computed tomography and tensor - based morphometry ( tbm ) to identify three - dimensional internal structural patterns of the proximal femur associated with age and [with] incident hip fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 used
6 used 10 and
6 used 18 to
6 used 19 identify
7 quantitative 9 tomography
8 computed 9 tomography
9 tomography 10 and
10 and 14 morphometry
10 and 16 tbm
11 tensor 12 -
11 tensor 14 morphometry
13 based 14 morphometry
15 ( 16 tbm
16 tbm 17 )
18 to 19 identify
19 identify 20 three
21 - 25 patterns
22 dimensional 25 patterns
23 internal 25 patterns
24 structural 25 patterns
25 patterns 26 of
26 of 29 femur
27 the 29 femur
28 proximal 29 femur
29 femur 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
31 with 33 and
32 age 33 and
33 and 37 fracture
35 incident 37 fracture
36 hip 37 fracture

a population [-] based cohort of 349 women representing a broad age range ( 21 - 97 years ) was included in this study , along with a cohort of 222 older women ( mean age 79±7years ) with [(] n=74 ) and [without] [(] n=148 ) incident hip fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 a 2 population
1 a 5 cohort
2 population 4 based
4 based 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 of
5 cohort 43 and
6 of 8 women
7 349 8 women
8 women 9 representing
8 women 21 included
9 representing 11 broad
10 a 11 broad
11 broad 13 range
11 broad 20 was
12 age 13 range
13 range 18 years
13 range 20 was
14 ( 18 years
15 21 16 -
16 - 17 97
16 - 18 years
18 years 19 )
21 included 22 in
21 included 27 with
22 in 24 study
23 this 24 study
25 , 27 with
26 along 27 with
27 with 29 cohort
27 with 42 )
28 a 29 cohort
29 cohort 30 of
29 cohort 39 with
30 of 33 women
31 222 33 women
32 older 33 women
33 women 37 79±7years
34 ( 37 79±7years
35 mean 36 age
36 age 37 79±7years
37 79±7years 38 )
39 with 41 n=74
43 and 50 fracture
46 n=148 47 )
46 n=148 49 hip
48 incident 49 hip
49 hip 50 fracture

images were spatially normalized to a standardized space , and age - and fracture - specific morphometric features were identified based on statistical maps of shape features described as local changes of bone volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 images
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 normalized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 images 2 were
2 were 4 normalized
3 spatially 4 normalized
4 normalized 5 to
4 normalized 22 on
4 normalized 29 as
5 to 13 and
6 a 8 space
7 standardized 8 space
8 space 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 age
10 and 13 and
12 - 13 and
13 and 14 fracture
13 and 15 -
13 and 18 features
13 and 19 were
13 and 20 identified
16 specific 18 features
17 morphometric 18 features
18 features 19 were
20 identified 21 based
22 on 24 maps
23 statistical 24 maps
24 maps 25 of
25 of 27 features
26 shape 27 features
27 features 28 described
29 as 31 changes
30 local 31 changes
31 changes 32 of
32 of 34 volume
33 bone 34 volume

morphometric features were visualized as maps of local contractions and expansions , and significance was displayed as student 's [t] - test statistical maps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 morphometric
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 morphometric 2 features
1 morphometric 3 were
1 morphometric 4 visualized
1 morphometric 5 as
1 morphometric 15 was
2 features 3 were
5 as 13 and
6 maps 7 of
6 maps 10 and
7 of 9 contractions
8 local 9 contractions
10 and 11 expansions
10 and 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 significance
15 was 16 displayed
16 displayed 17 as
17 as 19 's
18 student 19 's
21 - 22 test
21 - 25 .
22 test 24 maps
23 statistical 24 maps

significant age - related changes included local expansions of regions low in volumetric bone mineral density ( vbmd ) and local contractions of regions high in vbmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 significant 2 age
2 age 8 expansions
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 changes
4 related 6 included
6 included 7 local
7 local 8 expansions
8 expansions 9 of
8 expansions 11 low
8 expansions 20 and
9 of 10 regions
11 low 12 in
12 in 16 density
13 volumetric 14 bone
14 bone 15 mineral
15 mineral 16 density
16 density 18 vbmd
17 ( 18 vbmd
18 vbmd 19 )
20 and 22 contractions
20 and 23 of
21 local 22 contractions
23 of 24 regions
24 regions 25 high
25 high 26 in
26 in 27 vbmd

some significant fracture - related features resembled an accentuated aging process , including local expansion of the superior aspect of the trabecular bone compartment in the femoral neck , with contraction of the adjoining cortical bone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fracture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 resembled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 some 3 fracture
2 significant 3 fracture
3 fracture 7 resembled
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 features
5 related 7 resembled
7 resembled 11 process
7 resembled 13 including
7 resembled 30 with
8 an 11 process
9 accentuated 11 process
10 aging 11 process
12 , 13 including
13 including 15 expansion
13 including 25 in
13 including 29 ,
14 local 15 expansion
15 expansion 16 of
15 expansion 20 of
16 of 19 aspect
17 the 19 aspect
18 superior 19 aspect
20 of 24 compartment
21 the 24 compartment
22 trabecular 23 bone
23 bone 24 compartment
25 in 28 neck
26 the 28 neck
27 femoral 28 neck
30 with 31 contraction
31 contraction 32 of
32 of 36 bone
33 the 36 bone
34 adjoining 36 bone
35 cortical 36 bone

however , other features were observed only in the comparison of hip fracture subjects with age - matched controls including focal contractions of the cortical bone at the superior aspect of the femoral neck , the lateral cortical bone just inferior to the greater trochanter , and the anterior intertrochanteric region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 features
3 other 4 features
4 features 5 were
5 were 6 observed
6 observed 7 only
6 observed 15 with
6 observed 42 to
7 only 8 in
8 in 10 comparison
9 the 10 comparison
10 comparison 11 of
11 of 14 subjects
12 hip 14 subjects
13 fracture 14 subjects
15 with 16 age
15 with 41 inferior
16 age 19 controls
17 - 19 controls
18 matched 19 controls
19 controls 20 including
19 controls 23 of
19 controls 27 at
19 controls 35 ,
20 including 22 contractions
21 focal 22 contractions
23 of 26 bone
24 the 26 bone
25 cortical 26 bone
27 at 30 aspect
28 the 30 aspect
29 superior 30 aspect
30 aspect 31 of
31 of 34 neck
32 the 34 neck
33 femoral 34 neck
36 the 41 inferior
37 lateral 39 bone
38 cortical 39 bone
39 bone 41 inferior
40 just 41 inferior
42 to 47 and
43 the 45 trochanter
44 greater 45 trochanter
45 trochanter 47 and
46 , 47 and
47 and 51 region
48 the 51 region
49 anterior 51 region
50 intertrochanteric 51 region

results of this study support the idea that the spatial distribution of morphometric features is relevant to age - related changes [in] [bone] and independent to fracture risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 5 support
2 of 4 study
3 this 4 study
5 support 7 idea
6 the 7 idea
7 idea 8 that
8 that 11 distribution
8 that 18 age
9 the 11 distribution
10 spatial 11 distribution
11 distribution 12 of
11 distribution 15 is
12 of 14 features
13 morphometric 14 features
15 is 16 relevant
16 relevant 17 to
16 relevant 18 age
17 to 18 age
19 - 20 related
20 related 24 and
21 changes 24 and
24 and 25 independent
24 and 26 to
26 to 28 risk
27 fracture 28 risk

in women , the identification by tbm of fracture [-] specific morphometric alterations of the proximal femur , in conjunction with vbmd and clinical risk factors , may improve hip fracture prediction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 women
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 identification
4 the 5 identification
5 identification 6 by
5 identification 28 may
6 by 7 tbm
7 tbm 8 of
8 of 13 alterations
9 fracture 13 alterations
11 specific 13 alterations
12 morphometric 13 alterations
13 alterations 14 of
13 alterations 21 with
14 of 17 femur
15 the 17 femur
16 proximal 17 femur
18 , 21 with
19 in 20 conjunction
20 conjunction 21 with
21 with 23 and
21 with 27 ,
22 vbmd 23 and
23 and 26 factors
24 clinical 26 factors
25 risk 26 factors
28 may 29 improve
29 improve 32 prediction
30 hip 31 fracture
31 fracture 32 prediction

the prevalence of hiv [-] associated neurocognitive disorder has not changed from the pre - to the potent antiretroviral therapy era , remaining at approximately 50 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 changed
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 9 has
3 of 8 disorder
4 hiv 6 associated
6 associated 8 disorder
7 neurocognitive 8 disorder
9 has 10 not
9 has 11 changed
11 changed 12 from
12 from 14 pre
13 the 14 pre
14 pre 16 to
14 pre 23 remaining
15 - 16 to
16 to 21 era
16 to 22 ,
17 the 21 era
18 potent 20 therapy
19 antiretroviral 20 therapy
20 therapy 21 era
22 , 23 remaining
23 remaining 24 at
23 remaining 28 .
24 at 27 %
25 approximately 26 50
26 50 27 %

in research settings , mild neurocognitive disorder ( mnd ) [and] [so] - called asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment ( ani ) are now more common than hiv - associated dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 settings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 research
1 in 3 settings
3 settings 7 disorder
3 settings 21 are
4 , 7 disorder
5 mild 7 disorder
6 neurocognitive 7 disorder
7 disorder 9 mnd
7 disorder 14 called
7 disorder 20 )
8 ( 9 mnd
9 mnd 10 )
13 - 14 called
14 called 17 impairment
14 called 20 )
15 asymptomatic 17 impairment
16 neurocognitive 17 impairment
17 impairment 19 ani
18 ( 19 ani
19 ani 20 )
21 are 22 now
21 are 24 common
23 more 24 common
24 common 25 than
25 than 26 hiv
27 - 29 dementia
28 associated 29 dementia

the diagnosis of ani is misleading [because] functional deficits , when tested in a laboratory , and degree of neuropsychologic testing abnormalities are often comparable in patients with ani and those with symptomatic mnd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 of
2 diagnosis 5 is
3 of 4 ani
5 is 9 deficits
6 misleading 9 deficits
8 functional 9 deficits
10 , 22 abnormalities
10 , 23 are
11 when 12 tested
11 when 22 abnormalities
12 tested 13 in
13 in 17 and
14 a 15 laboratory
15 laboratory 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 degree
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 testing
20 neuropsychologic 21 testing
22 abnormalities 23 are
23 are 24 often
23 are 25 comparable
25 comparable 26 in
25 comparable 32 with
26 in 30 and
27 patients 28 with
27 patients 30 and
28 with 29 ani
30 and 31 those
32 with 34 mnd
33 symptomatic 34 mnd

age - related comorbidities increase the risk of cognitive impairment in hiv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 comorbidities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 comorbidities
3 related 4 comorbidities
4 comorbidities 5 increase
5 increase 7 risk
5 increase 11 in
6 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
8 of 10 impairment
9 cognitive 10 impairment
11 in 13 infection
12 hiv 13 infection

[management] of impairment includes ensuring that patients are on and adhere to antiretroviral therapy and addressing comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 of 3 impairment
2 of 10 and
4 includes 5 ensuring
4 includes 10 and
5 ensuring 6 that
5 ensuring 9 on
6 that 7 patients
6 that 8 are
7 patients 8 are
8 are 9 on
10 and 11 adhere
11 adhere 12 to
12 to 15 and
13 antiretroviral 14 therapy
14 therapy 15 and
15 and 17 comorbidities
16 addressing 17 comorbidities

switching from effective and well - tolerated antiretroviral therapy for patients with mild cognitive impairment is not routinely recommended , but this must still be addressed on a case [-] [by] - case basis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 switching
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 addressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
1 switching 2 from
1 switching 19 recommended
1 switching 21 but
1 switching 23 must
2 from 4 and
3 effective 4 and
4 and 5 well
6 - 19 recommended
7 tolerated 9 therapy
8 antiretroviral 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 for
9 therapy 12 with
9 therapy 16 is
10 for 11 patients
12 with 15 impairment
13 mild 15 impairment
14 cognitive 15 impairment
16 is 17 not
17 not 18 routinely
18 routinely 19 recommended
19 recommended 20 ,
21 but 22 this
23 must 25 be
24 still 25 be
25 be 26 addressed
26 addressed 27 on
27 on 29 case
28 a 29 case
32 - 34 basis
32 - 35 .
33 case 34 basis

this article summarizes a presentation by victor [g] [.] valcour , md , at the ias - usa continuing education program held in atlanta , georgia , in april 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 5 presentation
3 summarizes 28 in
4 a 5 presentation
5 presentation 6 by
5 presentation 12 md
6 by 10 valcour
7 victor 10 valcour
11 , 12 md
12 md 14 at
12 md 18 usa
12 md 27 ,
13 , 14 at
14 at 16 ias
14 at 17 -
15 the 16 ias
17 - 18 usa
18 usa 19 continuing
18 usa 23 in
18 usa 26 georgia
18 usa 27 ,
19 continuing 22 held
20 education 22 held
21 program 22 held
23 in 24 atlanta
25 , 26 georgia
26 georgia 27 ,
28 in 29 april
29 april 30 2013

thirty years into the hiv epidemic , the management and investigation of neurologic complications of hiv disease have evolved from a struggle to understand and treat inexorable disorders to an optimistic effort to address more subtle but often complex conditions in patients surviving long - term with a chronic disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 evolved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 thirty 2 years
2 years 3 into
2 years 19 evolved
3 into 5 hiv
4 the 5 hiv
5 hiv 10 and
5 hiv 18 have
6 epidemic 7 ,
7 , 9 management
7 , 10 and
8 the 9 management
10 and 11 investigation
10 and 12 of
10 and 15 of
10 and 18 have
12 of 14 complications
13 neurologic 14 complications
15 of 17 disease
16 hiv 17 disease
19 evolved 20 from
19 evolved 46 term
20 from 22 struggle
21 a 22 struggle
22 struggle 23 to
22 struggle 25 and
23 to 25 and
24 understand 25 and
25 and 26 treat
25 and 29 to
26 treat 28 disorders
26 treat 29 to
27 inexorable 28 disorders
30 an 31 optimistic
30 an 46 term
31 optimistic 32 effort
32 effort 33 to
32 effort 34 address
32 effort 40 conditions
33 to 34 address
34 address 35 more
34 address 37 but
36 subtle 37 but
37 but 38 often
37 but 39 complex
40 conditions 41 in
40 conditions 43 surviving
41 in 42 patients
44 long 45 -
44 long 46 term
46 term 47 with
47 with 50 disease
48 a 50 disease
49 chronic 50 disease

in 2013 , practitioners , patients , and investigators can realistically aim for an outstanding quality of life for those living with hiv infection and seek to reduce morbidity associated with milder forms of hiv - associated neurocognitive disorder ( hand ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 2 2013
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 and
4 practitioners 5 ,
5 , 6 patients
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 investigators
8 and 25 and
10 can 12 aim
10 can 25 and
11 realistically 12 aim
12 aim 13 for
12 aim 19 for
12 aim 24 infection
13 for 16 quality
14 an 15 outstanding
14 an 16 quality
15 outstanding 16 quality
16 quality 17 of
17 of 18 life
19 for 20 those
20 those 21 living
20 those 22 with
22 with 23 hiv
25 and 26 seek
25 and 39 disorder
26 seek 27 to
26 seek 28 reduce
27 to 28 reduce
28 reduce 29 morbidity
29 morbidity 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
30 associated 36 -
30 associated 37 associated
31 with 33 forms
32 milder 33 forms
33 forms 34 of
34 of 35 hiv
38 neurocognitive 39 disorder
39 disorder 41 hand
40 ( 41 hand
41 hand 42 )

neurologic presentations at the 20th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections ( croi ) reflected [this] now well - established paradigm shift , focusing on treatment strategies to optimize neurologic and cognitive function , the pathogenesis of hand in the current era , imaging biomarkers of hand , the confluence of hiv infection and aging , and characterization of central nervous system hiv reservoirs of infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neurologic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
2 presentations 3 at
2 presentations 9 and
3 at 6 conference
4 the 6 conference
5 20th 6 conference
6 conference 7 on
7 on 8 retroviruses
9 and 11 infections
9 and 13 croi
9 and 15 reflected
10 opportunistic 11 infections
12 ( 13 croi
13 croi 14 )
15 reflected 17 now
15 reflected 18 well
15 reflected 19 -
19 - 22 shift
19 - 23 ,
19 - 67 .
20 established 22 shift
21 paradigm 22 shift
23 , 57 and
24 focusing 25 on
24 focusing 48 ,
25 on 27 strategies
26 treatment 27 strategies
27 strategies 28 to
27 strategies 29 optimize
28 to 29 optimize
29 optimize 45 biomarkers
30 neurologic 31 and
31 and 33 function
31 and 36 pathogenesis
31 and 45 biomarkers
32 cognitive 33 function
34 , 36 pathogenesis
35 the 36 pathogenesis
36 pathogenesis 37 of
36 pathogenesis 39 in
36 pathogenesis 43 ,
37 of 38 hand
39 in 42 era
40 the 42 era
41 current 42 era
44 imaging 45 biomarkers
45 biomarkers 46 of
46 of 47 hand
48 , 50 confluence
48 , 54 and
49 the 50 confluence
50 confluence 51 of
51 of 53 infection
52 hiv 53 infection
54 and 55 aging
54 and 57 and
56 , 57 and
57 and 58 characterization
57 and 59 of
59 of 64 reservoirs
60 central 62 system
61 nervous 62 system
62 system 64 reservoirs
63 hiv 64 reservoirs
64 reservoirs 65 of
65 of 66 infection

in this article , the authors construct a story of one woman 's ( justine 's [ )(experience of learning to run within the context of a beginners group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 construct
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 authors
2 this 3 article
5 the 6 authors
6 authors 7 construct
7 construct 9 story
8 a 9 story
9 story 10 of
9 story 18 )(experience
10 of 13 's
11 one 12 woman
12 woman 13 's
14 ( 18 )(experience
15 justine 16 's
16 's 18 )(experience
18 )(experience 19 of
18 )(experience 30 .
19 of 20 learning
20 learning 21 to
20 learning 22 run
21 to 22 run
22 run 23 within
23 within 25 context
24 the 25 context
25 context 26 of
26 of 29 group
27 a 29 group
28 beginners 29 group

building on existing scholarship on narrative , aging , and physical activity , this work is part of a larger ethnographic project examining subjective accounts of the physically active aging body across the life course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 building 2 on
1 building 10 and
2 on 4 scholarship
3 existing 4 scholarship
4 scholarship 5 on
5 on 6 narrative
6 narrative 8 aging
7 , 8 aging
8 aging 9 ,
10 and 12 activity
11 physical 12 activity
13 , 15 work
13 , 16 is
14 this 15 work
15 work 16 is
16 is 17 part
17 part 18 of
18 of 22 project
19 a 22 project
20 larger 22 project
21 ethnographic 22 project
22 project 23 examining
22 project 26 of
23 examining 25 accounts
24 subjective 25 accounts
26 of 31 body
27 the 31 body
28 physically 29 active
29 active 31 body
30 aging 31 body
31 body 32 across
32 across 35 course
33 the 35 course
34 life 35 course

concerned with often simplistically linear problems of representation , the authors present a messy text that represents the complex and fluid nature of justine 's embodied tale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 concerned 2 with
1 concerned 9 ,
1 concerned 11 authors
2 with 6 problems
3 often 5 linear
4 simplistically 5 linear
5 linear 6 problems
6 problems 7 of
7 of 8 representation
10 the 11 authors
11 authors 12 present
12 present 15 text
13 a 15 text
14 messy 15 text
15 text 16 that
15 text 17 represents
16 that 17 represents
17 represents 22 nature
18 the 22 nature
19 complex 20 and
20 and 21 fluid
20 and 22 nature
22 nature 23 of
23 of 27 tale
24 justine 25 's
25 's 27 tale
26 embodied 27 tale

the aim is to show the intersection of biographical [(] storied ) identity with health behavior choices and to interrogate the process of challenging narrative foreclosure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 is
3 is 4 to
3 is 18 and
4 to 18 and
5 show 7 intersection
5 show 14 with
5 show 18 and
6 the 7 intersection
7 intersection 8 of
8 of 13 identity
9 biographical 13 identity
11 storied 12 )
11 storied 13 identity
14 with 17 choices
15 health 17 choices
16 behavior 17 choices
18 and 19 to
18 and 20 interrogate
19 to 20 interrogate
20 interrogate 22 process
21 the 22 process
22 process 23 of
23 of 24 challenging
24 challenging 26 foreclosure
25 narrative 26 foreclosure

by using the emerging genre of messy text as a creative analytic practice , the authors avoid prompting a single , closed , convergent reading of justine 's story . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 avoid
1 by 2 using
1 by 16 authors
2 using 5 genre
3 the 5 genre
4 emerging 5 genre
5 genre 6 of
6 of 8 text
7 messy 8 text
9 as 13 practice
9 as 14 ,
9 as 16 authors
10 a 11 creative
10 a 13 practice
11 creative 13 practice
12 analytic 13 practice
15 the 16 authors
16 authors 17 avoid
17 avoid 18 prompting
18 prompting 20 single
19 a 20 single
20 single 22 closed
20 single 25 reading
21 , 22 closed
22 closed 23 ,
23 , 25 reading
24 convergent 25 reading
25 reading 26 of
25 reading 30 .
26 of 29 story
27 justine 28 's
28 's 29 story

instead , they provoke interpretation within the reader [as] witness and expand the ways in which research on aging and physical activity has been represented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 instead 2 ,
1 instead 3 they
3 they 11 and
4 provoke 5 interpretation
4 provoke 11 and
5 interpretation 6 within
6 within 10 witness
7 the 10 witness
8 reader 10 witness
11 and 12 expand
11 and 14 ways
13 the 14 ways
14 ways 15 in
15 in 16 which
15 in 22 activity
15 in 25 represented
17 research 18 on
17 research 20 and
18 on 19 aging
20 and 21 physical
20 and 22 activity
22 activity 23 has
23 has 24 been
24 been 25 represented
25 represented 26 .

background : little is known about the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke [in] octogenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 little
2 : 5 known
2 : 20 .
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 14 for
6 about 9 and
7 the 8 safety
8 safety 9 and
9 and 10 efficacy
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 therapy
12 endovascular 13 therapy
14 for 19 octogenarians
15 acute 17 stroke
16 ischemic 17 stroke
17 stroke 19 octogenarians

aim : we performed a systematic review and meta - analysis of published studies comparing outcomes of octogenarians and younger patients after endovascular treatment [for] acute ischemic stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
2 : 10 -
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 8 and
5 a 7 review
6 systematic 7 review
7 review 8 and
8 and 9 meta
8 and 10 -
10 - 28 stroke
10 - 29 .
11 analysis 12 of
11 analysis 19 and
12 of 14 studies
13 published 14 studies
14 studies 15 comparing
14 studies 17 of
15 comparing 16 outcomes
17 of 18 octogenarians
19 and 21 patients
19 and 28 stroke
20 younger 21 patients
21 patients 22 after
22 after 24 treatment
23 endovascular 24 treatment
26 acute 28 stroke
27 ischemic 28 stroke

methods : a computerized search of the medical literature from 1990 to 2012 was performed to identify comparative studies of endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke patients 80 years or older and younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 search
2 : 15 performed
2 : 34 .
3 a 4 computerized
3 a 5 search
4 computerized 5 search
5 search 6 of
5 search 9 literature
5 search 14 was
5 search 15 performed
6 of 8 medical
7 the 8 medical
9 literature 12 to
9 literature 14 was
10 from 12 to
11 1990 12 to
12 to 13 2012
15 performed 16 to
15 performed 29 or
16 to 17 identify
17 identify 19 studies
18 comparative 19 studies
19 studies 20 of
20 of 22 treatment
21 endovascular 22 treatment
22 treatment 23 of
23 of 26 patients
24 ischemic 25 stroke
25 stroke 26 patients
26 patients 27 80
28 years 29 or
29 or 33 patients
30 older 31 and
31 and 32 younger
31 and 33 patients

data on clinical outcomes , mortality , symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage , and recanalization were abstracted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 data 2 on
1 data 5 ,
2 on 4 outcomes
3 clinical 4 outcomes
5 , 6 mortality
5 , 7 ,
7 , 10 hemorrhage
7 , 12 and
8 symptomatic 10 hemorrhage
9 intracerebral 10 hemorrhage
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 recanalization
12 and 14 were
14 were 15 abstracted

results : data from eight studies with 2729 patients were included in the final analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 11 included
3 data 4 from
3 data 10 were
4 from 6 studies
5 eight 6 studies
6 studies 7 with
7 with 9 patients
8 2729 9 patients
10 were 11 included
11 included 12 in
12 in 15 analysis
13 the 15 analysis
14 final 15 analysis

good functional outcome defined as modified rankin score 2 or less within 90 days was more common in younger patients compared with octogenarians [ odds ratio 2.694 ; 95 % confidence interval 1.941 - 3.740 , p < 0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 rankin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 )(
1 good 7 rankin
2 functional 3 outcome
3 outcome 7 rankin
4 defined 7 rankin
5 as 6 modified
6 modified 7 rankin
7 rankin 10 or
7 rankin 15 was
8 score 9 2
8 score 10 or
10 or 11 less
10 or 12 within
12 within 14 days
13 90 14 days
15 was 17 common
16 more 17 common
17 common 18 in
18 in 20 patients
19 younger 20 patients
20 patients 21 compared
20 patients 22 with
20 patients 26 ratio
22 with 23 octogenarians
24 [ 26 ratio
25 odds 26 ratio
26 ratio 27 2.694
26 ratio 28 ;
28 ; 32 interval
28 ; 38 <
29 95 30 %
30 % 32 interval
31 confidence 32 interval
32 interval 33 1.941
32 interval 35 3.740
32 interval 38 <
34 - 35 3.740
35 3.740 36 ,
37 p 38 <
38 < 39 0.001

symptomatic hemorrhage and death [were] significantly more come in patients 80 years or older ( odds ratio 1.604 ; 95 % confidence interval 1.013 - 2.540 , p = 0.04 and odds ratio 3.695 [;] 95 % confidence interval 2.517 - 5.424 , [p] < 0.001 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 symptomatic 2 hemorrhage
2 hemorrhage 3 and
3 and 4 death
3 and 7 more
3 and 8 come
3 and 17 ratio
6 significantly 7 more
7 more 8 come
8 come 9 in
8 come 13 or
9 in 10 patients
11 80 12 years
12 years 13 or
13 or 14 older
15 ( 17 ratio
16 odds 17 ratio
17 ratio 18 1.604
17 ratio 19 ;
19 ; 23 interval
19 ; 29 =
19 ; 31 and
20 95 23 interval
21 % 23 interval
22 confidence 23 interval
23 interval 24 1.013
23 interval 26 2.540
23 interval 29 =
25 - 26 2.540
26 2.540 27 ,
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.04
31 and 39 interval
31 and 45 <
32 odds 33 ratio
33 ratio 39 interval
34 3.695 39 interval
36 95 39 interval
37 % 39 interval
38 confidence 39 interval
39 interval 40 2.517
39 interval 42 5.424
39 interval 45 <
41 - 42 5.424
42 5.424 43 ,
45 < 46 0.001
45 < 48 respectively
47 , 48 respectively
48 respectively 49 )

successful recanalization defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ( timi ) 2 - 3 was seen less frequently in older patients ; however , this did not reach statistical significance ( odds ratio 0.814 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.522 - 1.269 , p = 0.364 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recanalization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 )(
1 successful 2 recanalization
2 recanalization 3 defined
2 recanalization 15 was
3 defined 4 as
3 defined 6 in
3 defined 13 -
4 as 5 thrombolysis
6 in 10 timi
7 myocardial 8 infarction
8 infarction 10 timi
9 ( 10 timi
10 timi 11 )
12 2 13 -
13 - 14 3
15 was 16 seen
16 seen 18 frequently
16 seen 19 in
17 less 18 frequently
19 in 21 patients
20 older 21 patients
22 ; 25 this
22 ; 28 reach
22 ; 35 ;
23 however 24 ,
23 however 25 this
25 this 26 did
26 did 27 not
26 did 28 reach
28 reach 30 significance
29 statistical 30 significance
30 significance 33 ratio
31 ( 33 ratio
32 odds 33 ratio
33 ratio 34 0.814
33 ratio 35 ;
35 ; 39 interval
35 ; 45 =
36 95 37 %
37 % 38 confidence
38 confidence 39 interval
39 interval 40 0.522
39 interval 42 1.269
39 interval 45 =
41 - 42 1.269
42 1.269 43 ,
44 p 45 =
45 = 46 0.364

conclusion : formal meta - analysis showed that octogenarians are less likely to achieve functional independence and have higher rates of mortality and intracerebral hemorrhage following endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke compared [with] younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 23 and
3 formal 6 analysis
4 meta 5 -
4 meta 6 analysis
6 analysis 17 and
6 analysis 23 and
7 showed 8 that
7 showed 17 and
8 that 9 octogenarians
8 that 10 are
9 octogenarians 10 are
10 are 12 likely
11 less 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 achieve
13 to 14 achieve
14 achieve 16 independence
15 functional 16 independence
17 and 18 have
18 have 20 rates
19 higher 20 rates
20 rates 21 of
21 of 22 mortality
23 and 25 hemorrhage
23 and 26 following
24 intracerebral 25 hemorrhage
26 following 28 treatment
26 following 29 for
27 endovascular 28 treatment
29 for 35 patients
30 ischemic 31 stroke
31 stroke 32 compared
32 compared 35 patients
34 younger 35 patients

decisions regarding endovascular treatment of elderly patients should be individualized until randomized controlled trials are available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decisions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 individualized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 decisions 2 regarding
1 decisions 8 should
2 regarding 4 treatment
3 endovascular 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 of
5 of 7 patients
6 elderly 7 patients
8 should 9 be
9 be 10 individualized
10 individualized 11 until
11 until 14 trials
11 until 15 are
12 randomized 14 trials
13 controlled 14 trials
14 trials 15 are
15 are 16 available

the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) , physical fitness , and physical activity in older patients after recent discharge [from] hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 relationship
8 determine 11 among
9 the 10 relationship
11 among 12 health
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 quality
14 related 21 ,
15 quality 16 of
15 quality 19 hrqol
16 of 17 life
18 ( 19 hrqol
19 hrqol 20 )
21 , 35 hospital
22 physical 23 fitness
23 fitness 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 activity
25 and 28 in
25 and 35 hospital
26 physical 27 activity
28 in 30 patients
29 older 30 patients
30 patients 31 after
31 after 33 discharge
32 recent 33 discharge

one hundred fifteen independent - living older adults ( ages 70 - 92 years ) were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 fifteen
3 fifteen 8 adults
4 independent 5 -
4 independent 8 adults
6 living 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 10 ages
8 adults 14 years
8 adults 16 were
9 ( 10 ages
10 ages 11 70
10 ages 12 -
12 - 14 years
13 92 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 were 17 included

hrqol ( medical outcomes study 36 - item short form health survey ) , physical activity ( physical activity scale for the elderly ) , and physical fitness ( senior fitness test ) were measured 2 - 4 weeks after discharge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 hrqol 5 study
1 hrqol 26 and
2 ( 5 study
3 medical 5 study
4 outcomes 5 study
5 study 6 36
5 study 12 survey
5 study 16 activity
5 study 25 ,
7 - 12 survey
8 item 12 survey
9 short 10 form
10 form 11 health
11 health 12 survey
12 survey 13 )
14 , 16 activity
15 physical 16 activity
16 activity 20 scale
16 activity 24 )
17 ( 20 scale
18 physical 19 activity
19 activity 20 scale
20 scale 21 for
20 scale 24 )
21 for 23 elderly
22 the 23 elderly
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 fitness
26 and 32 test
26 and 34 were
27 physical 28 fitness
29 ( 32 test
30 senior 31 fitness
31 fitness 32 test
32 test 33 )
34 were 35 measured
35 measured 37 -
35 measured 40 after
36 2 37 -
37 - 38 4
39 weeks 40 after
40 after 41 discharge

higher levels of physical activity and physical fitness were correlated with higher self - reported hrqol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reported
1 higher 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 6 and
3 of 5 activity
4 physical 5 activity
6 and 7 physical
6 and 8 fitness
6 and 11 with
6 and 13 self
8 fitness 9 were
9 were 10 correlated
10 correlated 11 with
12 higher 13 self
14 - 15 reported
15 reported 16 hrqol
15 reported 17 .

although cause and effect cannot be determined from this study , the results suggest that a particular focus on the value of physical activity and physical fitness while [in] hospital and when discharged from hospital may be important to encourage patients to actively preserve independence and hrqol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 although 3 and
1 although 7 determined
1 although 10 study
2 cause 3 and
3 and 4 effect
3 and 5 cannot
5 cannot 6 be
6 be 7 determined
7 determined 8 from
8 from 9 this
11 , 13 results
11 , 18 focus
12 the 13 results
13 results 14 suggest
14 suggest 15 that
15 that 17 particular
15 that 18 focus
16 a 17 particular
18 focus 19 on
18 focus 28 while
19 on 25 and
20 the 21 value
21 value 22 of
21 value 25 and
22 of 24 activity
23 physical 24 activity
25 and 27 fitness
26 physical 27 fitness
28 while 31 and
28 while 40 encourage
30 hospital 31 and
31 and 32 when
31 and 33 discharged
31 and 34 from
31 and 36 may
34 from 35 hospital
36 may 37 be
37 be 38 important
38 important 39 to
39 to 40 encourage
40 encourage 41 patients
40 encourage 42 to
40 encourage 44 preserve
42 to 44 preserve
43 actively 44 preserve
44 preserve 46 and
45 independence 46 and
46 and 47 hrqol
46 and 48 .

it may be especially important to target those with lower levels of physical activity , poorer physical fitness , and multiple comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 4 especially
3 be 5 important
5 important 6 to
5 important 7 target
6 to 7 target
7 target 20 and
8 those 9 with
8 those 15 ,
9 with 11 levels
10 lower 11 levels
11 levels 12 of
12 of 14 activity
13 physical 14 activity
15 , 18 fitness
15 , 20 and
16 poorer 18 fitness
17 physical 18 fitness
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 comorbidities
21 multiple 22 comorbidities

none introduction : understanding sexual behavior is important when evaluating the health needs of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 none 2 introduction
1 none 4 understanding
1 none 7 is
2 introduction 3 :
3 : 4 understanding
4 understanding 6 behavior
5 sexual 6 behavior
7 is 8 important
8 important 9 when
9 when 10 evaluating
10 evaluating 13 needs
11 the 13 needs
12 health 13 needs
13 needs 14 of
14 of 16 adults
15 older 16 adults

little research has addressed the effect of specific health conditions on sexual inactivity in this growing population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 addressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 little 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 addressed
4 addressed 6 effect
4 addressed 11 on
4 addressed 14 in
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 10 conditions
8 specific 9 health
9 health 10 conditions
11 on 13 inactivity
12 sexual 13 inactivity
14 in 17 population
15 this 16 growing
16 growing 17 population

aim : the study aims to assess the association of mental and physical health conditions with sexual inactivity among adults 55 and older living in the villages , florida . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assess
1 aim 2 :
2 : 5 aims
2 : 6 to
3 the 5 aims
4 study 5 aims
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 22 and
7 assess 25 in
8 the 9 association
9 association 10 of
9 association 22 and
10 of 15 conditions
11 mental 12 and
12 and 13 physical
12 and 15 conditions
14 health 15 conditions
15 conditions 16 with
15 conditions 19 among
16 with 18 inactivity
17 sexual 18 inactivity
19 among 20 adults
20 adults 21 55
22 and 24 living
23 older 24 living
25 in 27 villages
26 the 27 villages
27 villages 29 florida
28 , 29 florida
29 florida 30 .

methods : exposure data for 22 [self] - reported health conditions were assessed in relation to sexual inactivity in 22,654 participants ages 55 and older , including 1,879 participants over age 80 in a community - based cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 data
3 exposure 4 data
4 data 5 for
5 for 6 22
8 - 9 reported
9 reported 10 health
9 reported 16 to
9 reported 36 -
10 health 11 conditions
10 health 12 were
10 health 13 assessed
11 conditions 12 were
14 in 15 relation
15 relation 16 to
16 to 18 inactivity
17 sexual 18 inactivity
18 inactivity 19 in
18 inactivity 24 and
19 in 21 participants
20 22,654 21 participants
22 ages 23 55
22 ages 24 and
24 and 25 older
25 older 27 including
26 , 27 including
27 including 29 participants
27 including 33 in
27 including 36 -
28 1,879 29 participants
29 participants 30 over
30 over 31 age
31 age 32 80
33 in 35 community
34 a 35 community
36 - 38 cross
36 - 39 -
37 based 38 cross
39 - 41 study
39 - 42 .
40 sectional 41 study

logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women to evaluate the likelihood of being sexually active for each health condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 analyses
2 regression 4 were
2 regression 5 conducted
3 analyses 4 were
5 conducted 6 separately
5 conducted 7 for
5 conducted 11 to
7 for 9 and
8 men 9 and
9 and 10 women
11 to 12 evaluate
12 evaluate 14 likelihood
13 the 14 likelihood
14 likelihood 15 of
15 of 16 being
16 being 17 sexually
16 being 18 active
18 active 19 for
19 for 22 condition
20 each 22 condition
21 health 22 condition

covariates included age , race , education , income , self - reported overall health , and marital status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 covariates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 covariates 2 included
2 included 3 age
3 age 5 race
4 , 5 race
5 race 7 education
5 race 9 income
5 race 10 ,
6 , 7 education
7 education 8 ,
8 , 9 income
9 income 10 ,
10 , 11 self
10 , 12 -
12 - 17 and
13 reported 15 health
14 overall 15 health
15 health 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 status
18 marital 19 status

main outcome measures : the odds ratio and 95 % confidence intervals for sexual activity status were calculated separately for men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 7 ratio
5 the 7 ratio
6 odds 7 ratio
8 and 12 intervals
8 and 18 calculated
9 95 12 intervals
10 % 11 confidence
11 confidence 12 intervals
12 intervals 13 for
12 intervals 17 were
13 for 16 status
14 sexual 15 activity
15 activity 16 status
17 were 18 calculated
18 calculated 19 separately
18 calculated 20 for
20 for 22 and
21 men 22 and
22 and 23 women

results : fifty - five percent of men and 45 % [of] women reported being sexually active . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 9 and
3 fifty 4 -
4 - 5 five
4 - 6 percent
6 percent 7 of
6 percent 9 and
7 of 8 men
9 and 13 women
9 and 14 reported
9 and 15 being
10 45 11 %
11 % 13 women
15 being 17 active
16 sexually 17 active

sexual inactivity was significantly related to cancer , bladder/bowl problems , major surgery , poor vision , mental health conditions , and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors including diabetes , hypertension , and high cholesterol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inactivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 sexual 2 inactivity
2 inactivity 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 related
5 related 6 to
6 to 22 and
7 cancer 8 ,
8 , 10 problems
8 , 11 ,
9 bladder/bowl 10 problems
11 , 13 surgery
11 , 14 ,
12 major 13 surgery
14 , 16 vision
14 , 17 ,
15 poor 16 vision
17 , 20 conditions
17 , 22 and
18 mental 19 health
19 health 20 conditions
21 , 22 and
22 and 28 factors
22 and 29 including
23 cardiovascular 24 disease
24 disease 25 and
25 and 27 risk
25 and 28 factors
26 its 27 risk
29 including 34 and
30 diabetes 31 ,
31 , 32 hypertension
31 , 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 36 cholesterol
35 high 36 cholesterol

additional associations with sexual inactivity included hearing loss and dementia for men , and dermatologic conditions , problems with the joints , bone or back , gastrointestinal problems , alcohol misuse , chronic wound care , and gum disease in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 additional 2 associations
2 associations 3 with
2 associations 6 included
2 associations 7 hearing
2 associations 9 and
3 with 5 inactivity
4 sexual 5 inactivity
7 hearing 8 loss
9 and 10 dementia
9 and 11 for
9 and 24 or
11 for 14 and
12 men 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 conditions
14 and 17 ,
15 dermatologic 16 conditions
17 , 24 or
18 problems 19 with
18 problems 22 ,
19 with 21 joints
20 the 21 joints
22 , 23 bone
22 , 24 or
24 or 25 back
24 or 28 problems
24 or 37 and
24 or 42 .
26 , 28 problems
27 gastrointestinal 28 problems
28 problems 29 ,
29 , 37 and
30 alcohol 31 misuse
31 misuse 32 ,
32 , 35 care
32 , 37 and
33 chronic 35 care
34 wound 35 care
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 disease
37 and 40 in
37 and 42 .
38 gum 39 disease
40 in 41 women

conclusions : mental and physical health conditions have very similar associations with sexual inactivity in men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 8 have
2 : 19 .
3 mental 4 and
4 and 7 conditions
4 and 8 have
5 physical 6 health
6 health 7 conditions
8 have 11 associations
8 have 12 with
8 have 15 in
9 very 10 similar
10 similar 11 associations
12 with 14 inactivity
13 sexual 14 inactivity
15 in 17 and
16 men 17 and
17 and 18 women

increased sexual activity was associated with positive physical , social , and emotional health indicators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 increased 3 activity
2 sexual 3 activity
3 activity 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 15 indicators
7 positive 14 health
8 physical 9 ,
9 , 10 social
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 emotional
12 and 14 health
14 health 15 indicators

aim : most studies about the structures of the human skin have been on the general histologic features of the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 13 been
2 : 22 .
3 most 4 studies
4 studies 5 about
4 studies 12 have
5 about 7 structures
6 the 7 structures
7 structures 8 of
8 of 11 skin
9 the 11 skin
10 human 11 skin
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 on
14 on 18 features
15 the 18 features
16 general 18 features
17 histologic 18 features
18 features 19 of
19 of 21 skin
20 the 21 skin

the purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the microrelief ( mr ) pattern and histologic structure of the human skin , [and] to find the usefulness of the three - dimensional reconstruction ( 3dr ) technique of pathological skin tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 understand
7 to 8 understand
8 understand 10 relationship
8 understand 11 between
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 18 and
12 the 17 pattern
13 microrelief 15 mr
13 microrelief 16 )
13 microrelief 17 pattern
14 ( 15 mr
15 mr 16 )
17 pattern 18 and
18 and 20 structure
18 and 21 of
19 histologic 20 structure
21 of 24 skin
22 the 24 skin
23 human 24 skin
25 , 27 to
25 , 28 find
27 to 28 find
28 find 30 usefulness
28 find 40 technique
29 the 30 usefulness
30 usefulness 31 of
31 of 33 three
32 the 33 three
33 three 36 reconstruction
34 - 36 reconstruction
35 dimensional 36 reconstruction
36 reconstruction 38 3dr
36 reconstruction 39 )
37 ( 38 3dr
38 3dr 39 )
40 technique 41 of
41 of 44 tissue
42 pathological 43 skin
43 skin 44 tissue

materials , subjects , and methods : human skin specimens were obtained from the medial forearm , abdomen , and volar aspects of the finger tips of cadavers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 materials 3 subjects
2 , 3 subjects
3 subjects 4 ,
3 subjects 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 methods
7 : 10 specimens
7 : 12 obtained
8 human 9 skin
9 skin 10 specimens
10 specimens 11 were
11 were 12 obtained
12 obtained 13 from
13 from 20 and
14 the 16 forearm
15 medial 16 forearm
16 forearm 17 ,
17 , 18 abdomen
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 aspects
21 volar 22 aspects
22 aspects 23 of
23 of 26 tips
24 the 26 tips
25 finger 26 tips
26 tips 27 of
27 of 28 cadavers

two - dimensional surface - viewed images of the skin showing mr patterns were obtained using dry dermoscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 surface
2 - 5 -
2 - 19 .
3 dimensional 4 surface
5 - 7 images
6 viewed 7 images
7 images 8 of
7 images 11 showing
8 of 10 skin
9 the 10 skin
11 showing 12 mr
11 showing 13 patterns
11 showing 15 obtained
13 patterns 14 were
14 were 15 obtained
15 obtained 16 using
16 using 18 dermoscopy
17 dry 18 dermoscopy

histologic structures of the skin were evaluated by 3 d images obtained using the 3dr technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 structures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 histologic 2 structures
2 structures 3 of
2 structures 6 were
3 of 5 skin
4 the 5 skin
6 were 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 by
8 by 11 images
9 3 10 d
10 d 11 images
11 images 12 obtained
12 obtained 13 using
13 using 16 technique
14 the 16 technique
15 3dr 16 technique

results : mr was deeper and wider in the abdomen than in the medial side of the forearm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 mr
2 : 4 was
2 : 19 .
3 mr 4 was
4 was 6 and
5 deeper 6 and
6 and 7 wider
7 wider 8 in
7 wider 11 than
8 in 10 abdomen
9 the 10 abdomen
11 than 12 in
12 in 15 side
13 the 15 side
14 medial 15 side
15 side 16 of
16 of 18 forearm
17 the 18 forearm

in the medial side of the forearm , 10.27 rete ridges were distributed in a plateau , on average . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ridges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 distributed
1 in 4 side
1 in 8 ,
1 in 11 ridges
2 the 4 side
3 medial 4 side
4 side 5 of
5 of 7 forearm
6 the 7 forearm
9 10.27 11 ridges
10 rete 11 ridges
11 ridges 12 were
12 were 13 distributed
13 distributed 14 in
14 in 16 plateau
15 a 16 plateau
16 plateau 19 average
17 , 19 average
18 on 19 average
19 average 20 .

in the abdomen , about 14.37 rete ridges were distributed in a plateau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ridges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 distributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 3 abdomen
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 ridges
2 the 3 abdomen
5 about 6 14.37
6 14.37 8 ridges
7 rete 8 ridges
8 ridges 9 were
9 were 10 distributed
10 distributed 11 in
11 in 13 plateau
12 a 13 plateau

from 3dr technique , mr [pattern] thought to be a superordinate concept to rete ridges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 from 3 technique
1 from 4 ,
1 from 5 mr
2 3dr 3 technique
5 mr 7 thought
7 thought 8 to
7 thought 13 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 12 concept
10 a 11 superordinate
10 a 12 concept
11 superordinate 12 concept
13 to 15 ridges
14 rete 15 ridges

conclusion : the 3dr technique was useful and may allow a better understanding of the pathogenetic changes in the skin surface in aging skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 technique
2 : 8 and
2 : 25 .
3 the 5 technique
4 3dr 5 technique
5 technique 8 and
6 was 7 useful
6 was 8 and
8 and 9 may
8 and 18 in
8 and 22 in
9 may 10 allow
10 allow 13 understanding
11 a 13 understanding
12 better 13 understanding
13 understanding 14 of
14 of 17 changes
15 the 17 changes
16 pathogenetic 17 changes
18 in 21 surface
19 the 21 surface
20 skin 21 surface
22 in 23 aging
23 aging 24 skin

a brief valsalva manoeuvre , lasting 2 - 3 s , performed by young healthy men during strength exercise reduces transmural pressure acting on intrathoracic arteries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 manoeuvre
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 4 manoeuvre
2 brief 4 manoeuvre
3 valsalva 4 manoeuvre
4 manoeuvre 6 lasting
4 manoeuvre 12 performed
5 , 6 lasting
6 lasting 10 s
6 lasting 11 ,
7 2 8 -
8 - 9 3
8 - 10 s
12 performed 13 by
13 by 16 men
14 young 16 men
15 healthy 16 men
16 men 17 during
16 men 23 acting
16 men 24 on
17 during 18 strength
18 strength 19 exercise
18 strength 20 reduces
19 exercise 20 reduces
20 reduces 22 pressure
21 transmural 22 pressure
24 on 26 arteries
25 intrathoracic 26 arteries

in this study , we sought to verify this finding in older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 sought
6 sought 7 to
6 sought 8 verify
7 to 8 verify
8 verify 10 finding
8 verify 11 in
9 this 10 finding
11 in 13 men
12 older 13 men

twenty normotensive , prehypertensive and moderately hypertensive otherwise healthy men 46 - 69 years old performed knee extensions combined with inspiration or with brief valsalva manoeuvre performed at 10 , 20 and 40 mmhg mouth pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 knee
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 twenty 10 men
2 normotensive 3 ,
3 , 4 prehypertensive
3 , 5 and
5 and 7 hypertensive
5 and 10 men
6 moderately 7 hypertensive
7 hypertensive 8 otherwise
9 healthy 10 men
10 men 15 old
10 men 16 performed
10 men 17 knee
11 46 12 -
12 - 13 69
12 - 14 years
14 years 15 old
17 knee 18 extensions
17 knee 28 at
18 extensions 19 combined
19 combined 22 or
19 combined 27 performed
20 with 21 inspiration
20 with 22 or
22 or 23 with
23 with 25 valsalva
24 brief 25 valsalva
26 manoeuvre 27 performed
28 at 29 10
30 , 34 mmhg
30 , 35 mouth
31 20 32 and
32 and 33 40
32 and 34 mmhg
34 mmhg 35 mouth
35 mouth 36 pressure

same respiratory manoeuvres were also performed at rest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 same
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 same 3 manoeuvres
1 same 4 were
1 same 6 performed
2 respiratory 3 manoeuvres
3 manoeuvres 4 were
5 also 6 performed
6 performed 7 at
7 at 8 rest

[non] - invasively measured blood pressure , knee angle , respiratory airflow and mouth pressure were continuously registered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 registered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 - 13 and
3 invasively 13 and
4 measured 5 blood
5 blood 6 pressure
6 pressure 7 ,
7 , 9 angle
7 , 10 ,
8 knee 9 angle
10 , 12 airflow
10 , 13 and
11 respiratory 12 airflow
13 and 15 pressure
13 and 16 were
14 mouth 15 pressure
16 were 18 registered
17 continuously 18 registered

in comparison to inspiration , estimated transmural pressure acting on thoracic arteries changed slightly and insignificantly [during] brief valsalva manoeuvre at 10 and 20 mmhg mouth pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 manoeuvre
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 5 ,
1 in 15 and
2 comparison 3 to
3 to 4 inspiration
6 estimated 8 pressure
7 transmural 8 pressure
8 pressure 9 acting
8 pressure 15 and
9 acting 10 on
10 on 12 arteries
11 thoracic 12 arteries
12 arteries 13 changed
13 changed 14 slightly
15 and 19 valsalva
15 and 20 manoeuvre
16 insignificantly 18 brief
18 brief 19 valsalva
20 manoeuvre 21 at
21 at 27 pressure
22 10 23 and
23 and 24 20
23 and 25 mmhg
25 mmhg 26 mouth
26 mouth 27 pressure

at 40 mmhg mouth pressure , transmural pressure declined at rest [(] - 8·8 ± 11·4 [mmhg] ) and during knee extension [(] - 12·1 ± 11·9 [mmhg] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 at 5 pressure
1 at 6 ,
1 at 8 pressure
2 40 3 mmhg
3 mmhg 5 pressure
4 mouth 5 pressure
7 transmural 8 pressure
8 pressure 9 declined
9 declined 19 and
10 at 11 rest
10 at 19 and
11 rest 16 11·4
13 - 16 11·4
14 8·8 16 11·4
15 ± 16 11·4
16 11·4 18 )
19 and 20 during
20 during 22 extension
21 knee 22 extension
22 extension 27 11·9
24 - 27 11·9
25 12·1 27 11·9
26 ± 27 11·9
27 11·9 29 )

this decline [ensued] , as peak systolic pressure [increase] caused by this manoeuvre , was [distinctly] < 40 mmhg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 decline
2 decline 5 as
2 decline 15 was
4 , 5 as
5 as 8 pressure
5 as 14 ,
6 peak 8 pressure
7 systolic 8 pressure
8 pressure 10 caused
10 caused 11 by
11 by 13 manoeuvre
12 this 13 manoeuvre
15 was 19 mmhg
17 < 18 40
18 40 19 mmhg

[only] a main effect of mouth pressure [was] revealed ( p<0·001 ) and neither exercise nor interaction between these factors , what suggests that transmural pressure decline , depended mainly on intrathoracic pressure developed during brief valsalva [manoeuvre] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 a 4 effect
3 main 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 13 and
5 of 7 pressure
6 mouth 7 pressure
7 pressure 9 revealed
7 pressure 11 p<0·001
10 ( 11 p<0·001
11 p<0·001 12 )
13 and 15 exercise
13 and 16 nor
14 neither 15 exercise
16 nor 17 interaction
17 interaction 18 between
18 between 20 factors
19 these 20 factors
21 , 22 what
21 , 28 ,
22 what 28 ,
23 suggests 24 that
23 suggests 28 ,
24 that 26 pressure
24 that 27 decline
25 transmural 26 pressure
28 , 29 depended
28 , 30 mainly
28 , 35 during
30 mainly 31 on
31 on 33 pressure
32 intrathoracic 33 pressure
33 pressure 34 developed
35 during 37 valsalva
36 brief 37 valsalva

resting blood pressure did not influence the effect [of] brief valsalva manoeuvre on transmural pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 resting 2 blood
2 blood 3 pressure
3 pressure 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 influence
6 influence 12 manoeuvre
6 influence 13 on
7 the 12 manoeuvre
8 effect 12 manoeuvre
10 brief 12 manoeuvre
11 valsalva 12 manoeuvre
13 on 15 pressure
14 transmural 15 pressure

objectives : in japan , the prevalence of depression has been reported to occur among 1 in 4 family caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 japan
5 , 7 prevalence
5 , 12 reported
6 the 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
7 prevalence 10 has
8 of 9 depression
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 reported
12 reported 13 to
12 reported 14 occur
13 to 14 occur
14 occur 15 among
14 occur 17 in
15 among 16 1
17 in 20 caregivers
18 4 20 caregivers
19 family 20 caregivers

the purpose of this study was to investigate the self - rated burden associated with mental health conditions among caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 self
9 the 10 self
11 - 13 burden
12 rated 13 burden
13 burden 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 19 among
15 with 18 conditions
16 mental 17 health
17 health 18 conditions
19 among 20 caregivers

methods : we studied 95 caregivers aged 38 - 87 years in a cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 11 years
2 : 15 -
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 6 caregivers
5 95 6 caregivers
6 caregivers 7 aged
7 aged 9 -
8 38 9 -
9 - 10 87
10 87 11 years
11 years 12 in
12 in 14 cross
13 a 14 cross
15 - 17 study
16 sectional 17 study

the general health questionnaire ( ghq - 12 ) score of 4 or more [was] defined as poor mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 10 score
2 general 10 score
3 health 4 questionnaire
4 questionnaire 6 ghq
4 questionnaire 10 score
5 ( 6 ghq
6 ghq 8 12
6 ghq 9 )
7 - 8 12
8 12 9 )
10 score 11 of
10 score 13 or
11 of 12 4
13 or 20 health
14 more 16 defined
16 defined 20 health
17 as 18 poor
18 poor 20 health
19 mental 20 health

results : the proportion of caregivers with poor mental health was 24 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 proportion
2 : 11 was
2 : 14 .
3 the 4 proportion
4 proportion 5 of
4 proportion 11 was
5 of 6 caregivers
6 caregivers 7 with
7 with 10 health
8 poor 10 health
9 mental 10 health
11 was 13 %
12 24 13 %

caregivers with a high ghq - 12 score had the number of caregiver burdens increased by 2.5 - fold compared to those with a low ghq - 12 score ( p = 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 caregivers 2 with
1 caregivers 7 12
1 caregivers 8 score
1 caregivers 9 had
2 with 5 ghq
3 a 5 ghq
4 high 5 ghq
6 - 7 12
7 12 8 score
9 had 14 burdens
9 had 21 to
9 had 23 with
10 the 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 14 burdens
12 of 14 burdens
13 caregiver 14 burdens
14 burdens 15 increased
15 increased 16 by
15 increased 18 -
15 increased 20 compared
16 by 17 2.5
19 fold 20 compared
21 to 22 those
23 with 26 ghq
24 a 25 low
24 a 26 ghq
25 low 26 ghq
27 - 28 12
27 - 29 score
28 12 29 score
29 score 32 =
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.001
32 = 34 )

the proportion of caregivers with a high ghq - 12 score was significantly higher with an increasing number of behavioral problems among care recipients ( p = 0.003 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 proportion
2 proportion 3 of
2 proportion 10 12
2 proportion 11 score
2 proportion 12 was
3 of 4 caregivers
4 caregivers 5 with
5 with 8 ghq
6 a 7 high
6 a 8 ghq
7 high 8 ghq
9 - 10 12
10 12 11 score
12 was 13 significantly
12 was 14 higher
14 higher 15 with
14 higher 22 among
15 with 21 problems
16 an 18 number
17 increasing 18 number
18 number 19 of
18 number 21 problems
19 of 21 problems
20 behavioral 21 problems
22 among 24 recipients
23 care 24 recipients
24 recipients 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 0.003
27 = 29 )

a mediational model was used to identify the underlying mechanism of the relationship between the number of behavioral problems and poor mental health in caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 mediational
1 a 3 model
2 mediational 3 model
3 model 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 identify
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 10 mechanism
7 identify 14 between
7 identify 24 in
8 the 10 mechanism
9 underlying 10 mechanism
10 mechanism 11 of
11 of 13 relationship
12 the 13 relationship
14 between 20 and
15 the 16 number
16 number 17 of
16 number 20 and
17 of 19 problems
18 behavioral 19 problems
20 and 23 health
21 poor 23 health
22 mental 23 health
24 in 25 caregivers

consequently , we found that mental health conditions in caregivers were associated with both the number of caregiver burdens and behavioral problems among care recipients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 8 conditions
4 found 12 associated
5 that 6 mental
6 mental 8 conditions
7 health 8 conditions
8 conditions 9 in
8 conditions 11 were
9 in 10 caregivers
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 20 and
14 both 20 and
15 the 16 number
16 number 17 of
16 number 20 and
17 of 19 burdens
18 caregiver 19 burdens
20 and 22 problems
20 and 23 among
21 behavioral 22 problems
23 among 25 recipients
24 care 25 recipients

conclusions : it is vital to provide support not only to the caregivers but also to their elderly relatives , paying particular attention to early identification of poor mental health in caregivers so as to administer effective interventions , and to offer useful advice concerning [how] to deal with behavioral problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 is
2 : 9 not
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 vital
5 vital 6 to
5 vital 7 provide
6 to 7 provide
7 provide 8 support
9 not 10 only
9 not 21 paying
9 not 32 caregivers
11 to 13 caregivers
11 to 14 but
12 the 13 caregivers
14 but 15 also
14 but 16 to
14 but 20 ,
14 but 21 paying
16 to 19 relatives
17 their 19 relatives
18 elderly 19 relatives
21 paying 23 attention
21 paying 31 in
21 paying 32 caregivers
22 particular 23 attention
23 attention 24 to
24 to 26 identification
25 early 26 identification
26 identification 27 of
27 of 30 health
28 poor 30 health
29 mental 30 health
32 caregivers 33 so
32 caregivers 34 as
34 as 35 to
35 to 40 and
36 administer 38 interventions
36 administer 40 and
37 effective 38 interventions
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 to
40 and 42 offer
41 to 42 offer
42 offer 44 advice
42 offer 45 concerning
42 offer 47 to
42 offer 49 with
43 useful 44 advice
47 to 48 deal
49 with 51 problems
50 behavioral 51 problems

the number of cancer survivors has been steadily increasing due in part to the aging population and advancements in cancer care and treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 6 has
3 of 5 survivors
4 cancer 5 survivors
6 has 7 been
7 been 9 increasing
8 steadily 9 increasing
9 increasing 22 and
10 due 11 in
10 due 22 and
11 in 17 and
12 part 13 to
12 part 17 and
13 to 16 population
14 the 16 population
15 aging 16 population
17 and 18 advancements
17 and 19 in
19 in 21 care
20 cancer 21 care
22 and 23 treatment

of the [current] 13.7 million cancer survivors in the united states , most are [65] [or] older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 of 7 survivors
1 of 12 ,
1 of 13 most
2 the 5 million
4 13.7 5 million
5 million 7 survivors
6 cancer 7 survivors
7 survivors 8 in
8 in 11 states
9 the 11 states
10 united 11 states
13 most 14 are
14 are 17 older

aging changes and the presence of comorbidities add complexity to the care of cancer survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 aging 2 changes
2 changes 3 and
3 and 5 presence
3 and 6 of
3 and 8 add
4 the 5 presence
6 of 7 comorbidities
8 add 9 complexity
8 add 10 to
10 to 12 care
11 the 12 care
12 care 13 of
13 of 15 survivors
14 cancer 15 survivors

in addition . common long - term cancer - related symptoms and late effects of cancer treatments provide challenges to nurses and other health professionals caring for older cancer survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 addition
3 . 8 cancer
3 . 10 related
3 . 12 and
4 common 7 term
5 long 6 -
5 long 7 term
7 term 8 cancer
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 symptoms
12 and 14 effects
12 and 18 provide
13 late 14 effects
14 effects 15 of
14 effects 18 provide
15 of 17 treatments
16 cancer 17 treatments
18 provide 19 challenges
18 provide 20 to
18 provide 27 for
20 to 22 and
21 nurses 22 and
22 and 25 professionals
22 and 26 caring
23 other 25 professionals
24 health 25 professionals
27 for 30 survivors
28 older 29 cancer
29 cancer 30 survivors

transition from oncology care to primary or shared care requires understanding of detailed information about the specific cancer diagnosis , treatments received , and recommendations for [follow] - up care to prevent recurrence , recognize treatment - associated health effects , and understand strategies for health [promotion] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 transition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 transition 2 from
1 transition 4 care
1 transition 12 of
1 transition 13 detailed
2 from 3 oncology
4 care 5 to
4 care 10 requires
5 to 7 or
6 primary 7 or
7 or 9 care
8 shared 9 care
10 requires 11 understanding
11 understanding 12 of
13 detailed 14 information
13 detailed 15 about
15 about 19 diagnosis
16 the 19 diagnosis
17 specific 18 cancer
18 cancer 19 diagnosis
19 diagnosis 21 treatments
20 , 21 treatments
21 treatments 22 received
21 treatments 23 ,
24 and 25 recommendations
24 and 30 care
25 recommendations 26 for
25 recommendations 30 care
26 for 29 up
28 - 29 up
30 care 31 to
31 to 34 ,
32 prevent 33 recurrence
32 prevent 34 ,
34 , 42 and
34 , 45 for
35 recognize 36 treatment
35 recognize 42 and
36 treatment 40 effects
37 - 40 effects
38 associated 40 effects
39 health 40 effects
40 effects 41 ,
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 understand
43 understand 44 strategies
45 for 46 health

nurses in all practice areas will care for cancer survivors and must be prepared to deliver safe and effective care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nurses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 nurses 2 in
1 nurses 11 and
2 in 5 areas
3 all 5 areas
4 practice 5 areas
6 will 7 care
6 will 11 and
7 care 8 for
8 for 10 survivors
9 cancer 10 survivors
11 and 12 must
12 must 13 be
13 be 14 prepared
14 prepared 15 to
15 to 16 deliver
16 deliver 20 care
17 safe 18 and
18 and 19 effective
18 and 20 care

in this brief response to migo and westerberg we explain why we think that their criticism of our previous research showing familiarity deficits in mild cognitive impairment patients ( mci ) is not sound . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 4 response
1 in 9 we
2 this 4 response
3 brief 4 response
4 response 5 to
5 to 8 westerberg
6 migo 7 and
7 and 8 westerberg
9 we 10 explain
10 explain 11 why
11 why 12 we
11 why 13 think
12 we 13 think
13 think 14 that
14 that 16 criticism
14 that 34 sound
15 their 16 criticism
16 criticism 17 of
16 criticism 21 showing
16 criticism 32 is
17 of 20 research
18 our 20 research
19 previous 20 research
21 showing 22 familiarity
21 showing 23 deficits
23 deficits 24 in
24 in 28 patients
25 mild 27 impairment
26 cognitive 27 impairment
27 impairment 28 patients
28 patients 30 mci
29 ( 30 mci
30 mci 31 )
32 is 33 not
32 is 34 sound

more concretely , we have replicated the effect several times previously , and we justify statistically the fact that in the previous paper we had to combine two mci samples to demonstrate a reliable familiarity deficit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 more 2 concretely
2 concretely 3 ,
2 concretely 4 we
4 we 13 and
5 have 6 replicated
5 have 13 and
6 replicated 8 effect
6 replicated 10 times
6 replicated 11 previously
7 the 8 effect
9 several 10 times
12 , 13 and
13 and 32 demonstrate
14 we 15 justify
15 justify 16 statistically
15 justify 18 fact
17 the 18 fact
18 fact 19 that
19 that 24 we
19 that 25 had
20 in 23 paper
20 in 24 we
21 the 23 paper
22 previous 23 paper
24 we 25 had
25 had 26 to
25 had 31 to
26 to 27 combine
27 combine 28 two
27 combine 29 mci
27 combine 30 samples
29 mci 30 samples
31 to 32 demonstrate
32 demonstrate 36 deficit
33 a 36 deficit
34 reliable 35 familiarity
35 familiarity 36 deficit

we note that there are several studies showing conflicting results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 note
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 we 2 note
2 note 3 that
3 that 4 there
3 that 5 are
4 there 5 are
5 are 7 studies
6 several 7 studies
7 studies 8 showing
8 showing 9 conflicting
8 showing 10 results
9 conflicting 10 results

however , although the basis for these discrepancies remains uncertain , a new report has replicated the presence of deficits in familiarity , and more importantly [,] demonstrated its correlation with structural imaging biomarkers of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 14 report
2 , 3 although
3 although 5 basis
3 although 9 remains
3 although 11 ,
3 although 14 report
4 the 5 basis
5 basis 6 for
5 basis 9 remains
6 for 8 discrepancies
7 these 8 discrepancies
9 remains 10 uncertain
12 a 13 new
12 a 14 report
13 new 14 report
14 report 15 has
15 has 24 and
16 replicated 18 presence
16 replicated 21 in
16 replicated 24 and
17 the 18 presence
18 presence 19 of
19 of 20 deficits
21 in 22 familiarity
23 , 24 and
24 and 28 demonstrated
24 and 31 with
25 more 26 importantly
26 importantly 28 demonstrated
28 demonstrated 30 correlation
29 its 30 correlation
31 with 34 biomarkers
32 structural 34 biomarkers
33 imaging 34 biomarkers
34 biomarkers 35 of
35 of 38 disease
36 alzheimer 37 's
37 's 38 disease

root transparency has proven to be related to age and has been considered by different odontological methods for age estimation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transparency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 root 2 transparency
2 transparency 3 has
3 has 4 proven
4 proven 5 to
4 proven 13 considered
5 to 10 and
6 be 7 related
6 be 10 and
7 related 8 to
8 to 9 age
10 and 11 has
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 considered
13 considered 14 by
14 by 17 methods
15 different 17 methods
16 odontological 17 methods
17 methods 18 for
18 for 20 estimation
19 age 20 estimation

very little is [known] concerning possible variations of root transparency with heat , although the applicability of the method to burnt remains depends on the possible modifications of this specific variable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 very 2 little
2 little 3 is
3 is 5 concerning
5 concerning 7 variations
5 concerning 11 with
5 concerning 14 although
6 possible 7 variations
7 variations 8 of
8 of 10 transparency
9 root 10 transparency
11 with 12 heat
13 , 14 although
14 although 16 applicability
14 although 23 depends
14 although 32 .
15 the 16 applicability
16 applicability 17 of
16 applicability 23 depends
17 of 19 method
18 the 19 method
19 method 20 to
20 to 22 remains
21 burnt 22 remains
23 depends 24 on
24 on 27 modifications
25 the 27 modifications
26 possible 27 modifications
27 modifications 28 of
28 of 31 variable
29 this 31 variable
30 specific 31 variable

this pilot study presents the results of an experiment performed on 105 teeth obtained from dental patients and autopsy material , heated in an industrial oven at 50 °c , 100 °c , 150 °c and 200 °c . root transparency was measured before and after the charring experiment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 3 study
2 pilot 3 study
3 study 21 ,
4 presents 6 results
4 presents 21 ,
5 the 6 results
6 results 7 of
7 of 18 and
8 an 9 experiment
9 experiment 10 performed
9 experiment 14 obtained
9 experiment 18 and
10 performed 11 on
11 on 13 teeth
12 105 13 teeth
14 obtained 15 from
15 from 17 patients
16 dental 17 patients
18 and 20 material
19 autopsy 20 material
21 , 22 heated
22 heated 23 in
22 heated 36 and
23 in 26 oven
24 an 26 oven
25 industrial 26 oven
26 oven 27 at
26 oven 32 °c
27 at 29 °c
28 50 29 °c
30 , 32 °c
31 100 32 °c
32 °c 33 ,
34 150 35 °c
35 °c 36 and
36 and 38 °c
37 200 38 °c
39 . 41 transparency
39 . 50 .
40 root 41 transparency
41 transparency 42 was
42 was 43 measured
43 measured 45 and
44 before 45 and
45 and 46 after
46 after 49 experiment
47 the 49 experiment
48 charring 49 experiment

the heating process proved to radically modify root transparency , which decreased in 20 % of samples at 50 °c , in 34.6 % at 100 °c , in 50 % at 150 °c , in 77 % at 200 °c [.] the overall correlation index ( ci ) between decrease in root transparency and increase in temperature amounted to 0.96 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 amounted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 the 3 process
2 heating 3 process
3 process 4 proved
3 process 59 amounted
4 proved 5 to
4 proved 7 modify
5 to 7 modify
6 radically 7 modify
7 modify 9 transparency
7 modify 50 between
7 modify 52 in
7 modify 57 in
8 root 9 transparency
9 transparency 11 which
10 , 11 which
11 which 12 decreased
11 which 49 )
12 decreased 13 in
12 decreased 18 at
12 decreased 22 in
12 decreased 29 in
12 decreased 36 in
12 decreased 46 index
13 in 15 %
14 20 15 %
15 % 16 of
16 of 17 samples
18 at 20 °c
19 50 20 °c
21 , 22 in
22 in 24 %
22 in 28 ,
23 34.6 24 %
24 % 25 at
25 at 27 °c
26 100 27 °c
28 , 29 in
29 in 31 %
29 in 35 ,
30 50 31 %
31 % 32 at
32 at 34 °c
33 150 34 °c
36 in 38 %
37 77 38 %
38 % 39 at
39 at 41 °c
40 200 41 °c
43 the 46 index
44 overall 45 correlation
45 correlation 46 index
46 index 48 ci
47 ( 48 ci
48 ci 49 )
50 between 51 decrease
52 in 55 and
53 root 54 transparency
54 transparency 55 and
55 and 56 increase
57 in 58 temperature
59 amounted 60 to
60 to 61 0.96

these results show that heat may modify root transparency and suggest caution in using methods based on root transparency for age estimation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 10 and
3 show 4 that
3 show 10 and
4 that 5 heat
4 that 7 modify
5 heat 6 may
6 may 7 modify
7 modify 9 transparency
8 root 9 transparency
10 and 11 suggest
10 and 13 in
10 and 17 on
11 suggest 12 caution
13 in 14 using
14 using 15 methods
15 methods 16 based
17 on 19 transparency
18 root 19 transparency
19 transparency 20 for
20 for 22 estimation
21 age 22 estimation

none none none calcium sparks in cardiac myocytes are brief , localized calcium releases from the [sarcoplasmic] reticulum ( sr ) believed to be caused by locally regenerative calcium - induced calcium release [(] cicr ) via couplons , clusters of ryanodine receptors ( ryrs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 none 4 calcium
1 none 5 sparks
1 none 9 are
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 calcium
4 calcium 5 sparks
5 sparks 6 in
6 in 8 myocytes
7 cardiac 8 myocytes
9 are 10 brief
10 brief 23 to
11 , 22 believed
12 localized 14 releases
13 calcium 14 releases
14 releases 15 from
14 releases 20 sr
14 releases 22 believed
15 from 18 reticulum
16 the 18 reticulum
19 ( 20 sr
20 sr 21 )
22 believed 23 to
23 to 24 be
24 be 25 caused
25 caused 26 by
25 caused 37 via
26 by 29 calcium
27 locally 28 regenerative
28 regenerative 29 calcium
29 calcium 35 cicr
30 - 35 cicr
31 induced 35 cicr
32 calcium 33 release
33 release 35 cicr
35 cicr 36 )
37 via 38 couplons
38 couplons 40 clusters
39 , 40 clusters
40 clusters 41 of
40 clusters 46 )
41 of 43 receptors
42 ryanodine 43 receptors
43 receptors 45 ryrs
44 ( 45 ryrs
45 ryrs 46 )

how such regeneration is terminated is [uncertain] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 how 3 regeneration
1 how 5 terminated
1 how 6 is
2 such 3 regeneration
3 regeneration 4 is
4 is 5 terminated

we performed numerical simulations of an idealized stochastic model of spark production , assuming a ryr gating scheme with only two states [(] open and closed ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 4 simulations
3 numerical 4 simulations
4 simulations 5 of
5 of 9 model
6 an 9 model
7 idealized 9 model
8 stochastic 9 model
9 model 10 of
10 of 12 production
11 spark 12 production
12 production 14 assuming
13 , 14 assuming
14 assuming 18 scheme
14 assuming 19 with
14 assuming 27 )
15 a 18 scheme
16 ryr 18 scheme
17 gating 18 scheme
19 with 21 two
20 only 21 two
21 two 22 states
21 two 25 and
22 states 25 and
24 open 25 and
25 and 26 closed

local depletion of calcium in the sr was inevitable during a spark , and this could terminate sparks by interrupting cicr , [with] or without assumed modulation of ryr gating by sr lumenal calcium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 depletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 local 2 depletion
2 depletion 3 of
2 depletion 8 was
3 of 4 calcium
4 calcium 5 in
5 in 7 sr
6 the 7 sr
8 was 9 inevitable
9 inevitable 10 during
10 during 12 spark
11 a 12 spark
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 this
14 and 17 terminate
15 this 16 could
16 could 17 terminate
17 terminate 18 sparks
18 sparks 24 or
18 sparks 28 of
18 sparks 30 gating
19 by 20 interrupting
19 by 24 or
20 interrupting 21 cicr
22 , 24 or
24 or 25 without
25 without 27 modulation
26 assumed 27 modulation
28 of 29 ryr
30 gating 31 by
30 gating 34 calcium
31 by 32 sr
33 lumenal 34 calcium

spark termination by local sr depletion was not robust : under some conditions , sparks could be greatly and variably prolonged , terminating by stochastic attrition - a phenomenon we dub " spark metastability . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 spark
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 spark 2 termination
1 spark 7 was
1 spark 10 :
2 termination 3 by
2 termination 7 was
3 by 6 depletion
4 local 6 depletion
5 sr 6 depletion
7 was 8 not
8 not 9 robust
10 : 11 under
11 under 13 conditions
12 some 13 conditions
14 , 15 sparks
14 , 19 and
15 sparks 19 and
16 could 17 be
16 could 19 and
17 be 18 greatly
19 and 21 prolonged
19 and 23 terminating
19 and 29 phenomenon
20 variably 21 prolonged
22 , 23 terminating
23 terminating 24 by
23 terminating 27 -
24 by 26 attrition
25 stochastic 26 attrition
28 a 29 phenomenon
29 phenomenon 30 we
29 phenomenon 31 dub
30 we 31 dub
31 dub 32 "
31 dub 34 metastability
33 spark 34 metastability
35 . 36 "

spark fluorescence rise time was not a good surrogate for the duration of calcium [release] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 spark 4 time
2 fluorescence 4 time
3 rise 4 time
4 time 5 was
5 was 6 not
5 was 9 surrogate
7 a 8 good
7 a 9 surrogate
8 good 9 surrogate
9 surrogate 10 for
9 surrogate 13 of
10 for 12 duration
11 the 12 duration
13 of 14 calcium

using a highly simplified , deterministic model of the dynamics of a couplon , we show that spark metastability depends on the kinetic relationship of ryr gating and junctional sr refilling rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 using 7 model
1 using 14 ,
1 using 15 we
2 a 3 highly
2 a 7 model
3 highly 4 simplified
4 simplified 5 ,
6 deterministic 7 model
7 model 8 of
7 model 11 of
8 of 10 dynamics
9 the 10 dynamics
11 of 13 couplon
12 a 13 couplon
15 we 16 show
16 show 18 spark
16 show 28 and
17 that 18 spark
18 spark 19 metastability
18 spark 27 gating
19 metastability 20 depends
20 depends 21 on
21 on 24 relationship
22 the 24 relationship
23 kinetic 24 relationship
24 relationship 25 of
25 of 26 ryr
26 ryr 27 gating
28 and 30 sr
29 junctional 30 sr
30 sr 31 refilling
31 refilling 32 rates

the conditions for spark metastability resemble those produced by known mutations of ryr2 and casq2 that cause life - threatening triggered arrhythmias , and spark metastability may be mitigated by altering the kinetics of the ryr in a manner similar to the effects of drugs known to prevent those arrhythmias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 the 2 conditions
2 conditions 3 for
2 conditions 24 and
3 for 5 metastability
4 spark 5 metastability
6 resemble 7 those
6 resemble 20 threatening
6 resemble 24 and
7 those 8 produced
8 produced 9 by
9 by 14 and
10 known 11 mutations
11 mutations 12 of
11 mutations 14 and
12 of 13 ryr2
14 and 15 casq2
14 and 16 that
14 and 17 cause
16 that 17 cause
17 cause 18 life
19 - 20 threatening
20 threatening 22 arrhythmias
20 threatening 23 ,
21 triggered 22 arrhythmias
24 and 48 prevent
25 spark 26 metastability
26 metastability 27 may
27 may 28 be
28 be 29 mitigated
29 mitigated 30 by
29 mitigated 37 in
29 mitigated 40 similar
30 by 31 altering
31 altering 33 kinetics
32 the 33 kinetics
33 kinetics 34 of
34 of 36 ryr
35 the 36 ryr
37 in 39 manner
38 a 39 manner
40 similar 41 to
40 similar 47 to
41 to 43 effects
42 the 43 effects
43 effects 44 of
44 of 45 drugs
45 drugs 46 known
47 to 48 prevent
48 prevent 50 arrhythmias
49 those 50 arrhythmias

the model was unable to explain the distributions of spark amplitudes and rise times seen in chemically skinned cat atrial myocytes , suggesting that such sparks may be more complex events involving heterogeneity of couplons or local propagation among sub - clusters of ryrs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 model
2 model 3 was
3 was 4 unable
4 unable 5 to
4 unable 6 explain
5 to 6 explain
6 explain 8 distributions
6 explain 40 sub
7 the 8 distributions
8 distributions 9 of
8 distributions 40 sub
9 of 23 suggesting
10 spark 11 amplitudes
11 amplitudes 12 and
12 and 14 times
12 and 22 ,
12 and 23 suggesting
13 rise 14 times
14 times 15 seen
15 seen 16 in
16 in 21 myocytes
17 chemically 18 skinned
18 skinned 19 cat
19 cat 21 myocytes
20 atrial 21 myocytes
23 suggesting 24 that
23 suggesting 39 among
24 that 26 sparks
24 that 28 be
25 such 26 sparks
26 sparks 27 may
27 may 28 be
28 be 31 events
29 more 30 complex
30 complex 31 events
31 events 32 involving
32 involving 33 heterogeneity
32 involving 39 among
33 heterogeneity 34 of
34 of 36 or
35 couplons 36 or
36 or 38 propagation
37 local 38 propagation
41 - 42 clusters
42 clusters 43 of
43 of 44 ryrs

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized [by] progressive cognitive decline and is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 16 and
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 15 decline
7 is 16 and
8 a 9 neurodegenerative
8 a 15 decline
9 neurodegenerative 15 decline
10 disorder 11 characterized
11 characterized 15 decline
13 progressive 15 decline
14 cognitive 15 decline
16 and 17 is
16 and 24 in
17 is 21 cause
18 the 21 cause
19 most 20 common
20 common 21 cause
21 cause 22 of
22 of 23 dementia
24 in 26 elderly
25 the 26 elderly

histopathologically , ad features insoluble aggregates of two proteins in the brain , amyloid - β ( aβ ) and the microtubule - associated protein tau , both of which have been linked to the small ubiquitin - like modifier [(] sumo ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 features
1 histopathologically 2 ,
1 histopathologically 3 ad
3 ad 4 features
4 features 20 and
5 insoluble 6 aggregates
6 aggregates 7 of
6 aggregates 20 and
7 of 9 proteins
8 two 9 proteins
9 proteins 10 in
9 proteins 16 β
10 in 12 brain
11 the 12 brain
12 brain 14 amyloid
13 , 14 amyloid
14 amyloid 15 -
15 - 16 β
16 β 18 aβ
16 β 19 )
17 ( 18 aβ
18 aβ 19 )
20 and 22 microtubule
20 and 26 tau
21 the 22 microtubule
23 - 26 tau
24 associated 25 protein
25 protein 26 tau
26 tau 28 both
26 tau 39 like
26 tau 44 .
27 , 28 both
28 both 29 of
28 both 38 -
29 of 30 which
30 which 31 have
31 have 32 been
32 been 33 linked
33 linked 34 to
34 to 37 ubiquitin
35 the 37 ubiquitin
36 small 37 ubiquitin
38 - 39 like
39 like 42 sumo
39 like 43 )
40 modifier 42 sumo

a large body of research has elucidated many of the molecular and cellular pathways that underlie ad , including those involving the abnormal aβ and tau aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 large
1 a 3 body
2 large 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 6 has
4 of 5 research
6 has 7 elucidated
7 elucidated 14 pathways
8 many 9 of
8 many 14 pathways
9 of 14 pathways
10 the 14 pathways
11 molecular 12 and
12 and 13 cellular
12 and 14 pathways
14 pathways 15 that
14 pathways 16 underlie
15 that 16 underlie
16 underlie 17 ad
18 , 19 including
18 , 27 aggregates
19 including 25 and
19 including 27 aggregates
20 those 21 involving
20 those 25 and
21 involving 24 aβ
22 the 24 aβ
23 abnormal 24 aβ
25 and 26 tau

however , a full understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease has remained elusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 understanding
3 a 4 full
3 a 5 understanding
4 full 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
5 understanding 14 has
6 of 9 and
7 the 8 etiology
8 etiology 9 and
9 and 10 pathogenesis
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 disease
12 the 13 disease
14 has 15 remained
15 remained 16 elusive

consequently , there are currently no effective therapeutic options that can modify the disease progression and slow or stop the decline of cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 5 currently
4 are 9 options
6 no 9 options
7 effective 9 options
8 therapeutic 9 options
9 options 10 that
9 options 16 and
10 that 16 and
11 can 12 modify
11 can 16 and
12 modify 15 progression
13 the 15 progression
14 disease 15 progression
16 and 18 or
17 slow 18 or
18 or 19 stop
19 stop 21 decline
20 the 21 decline
21 decline 22 of
22 of 24 functioning
23 cognitive 24 functioning

as part of the effort to address this lacking [,] there needs a better understanding of the signaling pathways that become impaired under ad pathology , including the regulatory mechanisms that normally control those networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 including
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 as 2 part
1 as 12 needs
1 as 26 ,
1 as 27 including
2 part 3 of
2 part 12 needs
3 of 5 effort
4 the 5 effort
5 effort 6 to
5 effort 7 address
6 to 7 address
7 address 9 lacking
7 address 11 there
8 this 9 lacking
12 needs 15 understanding
13 a 15 understanding
14 better 15 understanding
15 understanding 16 of
16 of 19 pathways
17 the 19 pathways
18 signaling 19 pathways
19 pathways 20 that
19 pathways 21 become
19 pathways 23 under
20 that 21 become
21 become 22 impaired
23 under 25 pathology
24 ad 25 pathology
27 including 30 mechanisms
27 including 35 networks
28 the 30 mechanisms
29 regulatory 30 mechanisms
30 mechanisms 31 that
30 mechanisms 33 control
31 that 33 control
32 normally 33 control
33 control 34 those

one such mechanism involves sumoylation , which is a post - translational modification ( ptm ) that is involved in regulating many aspects of cell biology and has also been found to have several critical [neuron] - specific roles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 one 2 such
2 such 3 mechanism
3 mechanism 4 involves
4 involves 5 sumoylation
6 , 7 which
6 , 27 and
7 which 8 is
8 is 10 post
9 a 10 post
10 post 13 modification
11 - 13 modification
12 translational 13 modification
13 modification 15 ptm
13 modification 16 )
14 ( 15 ptm
15 ptm 16 )
17 that 27 and
18 is 19 involved
18 is 27 and
19 involved 20 in
20 in 21 regulating
21 regulating 23 aspects
22 many 23 aspects
23 aspects 24 of
24 of 26 biology
25 cell 26 biology
27 and 28 has
28 has 30 been
29 also 30 been
30 been 31 found
31 found 32 to
32 to 33 have
33 have 39 roles
34 several 39 roles
35 critical 37 -
35 critical 39 roles
38 specific 39 roles

early studies have indicated that the sumo system is likely altered with ad - type pathology , which may impact aβ levels and tau aggregation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
1 early 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 indicated
4 indicated 5 that
5 that 8 system
5 that 11 altered
6 the 8 system
7 sumo 8 system
8 system 9 is
9 is 11 altered
10 likely 11 altered
11 altered 12 with
12 with 13 ad
13 ad 16 pathology
14 - 16 pathology
15 type 16 pathology
16 pathology 18 which
16 pathology 26 .
17 , 18 which
18 which 19 may
18 which 26 .
19 may 20 impact
20 impact 23 and
21 aβ 22 levels
22 levels 23 and
23 and 25 aggregation
24 tau 25 aggregation

although [still] a relatively unexplored topic , sumoylation will likely emerge as a significant factor in ad pathogenesis in ways which may be somewhat analogous to other regulatory ptms such as phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 sumoylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 emerge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 although 6 topic
1 although 7 ,
1 although 8 sumoylation
3 a 4 relatively
3 a 6 topic
4 relatively 5 unexplored
5 unexplored 6 topic
8 sumoylation 9 will
9 will 11 emerge
10 likely 11 emerge
11 emerge 12 as
11 emerge 19 in
12 as 15 factor
13 a 14 significant
13 a 15 factor
14 significant 15 factor
15 factor 16 in
16 in 18 pathogenesis
17 ad 18 pathogenesis
19 in 20 ways
20 ways 21 which
20 ways 22 may
21 which 22 may
22 may 23 be
23 be 25 analogous
24 somewhat 25 analogous
25 analogous 26 to
25 analogous 31 as
26 to 29 ptms
27 other 29 ptms
28 regulatory 29 ptms
30 such 31 as
31 as 32 phosphorylation

thus , in addition to the upstream effects on tau and aβ processing , there may also be downstream effects mediated by aβ aggregates or other ad - related factors on sumo - regulated signaling pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 thus 15 there
2 , 3 in
3 in 11 and
3 in 14 ,
3 in 15 there
4 addition 5 to
4 addition 11 and
5 to 8 effects
6 the 8 effects
7 upstream 8 effects
8 effects 9 on
9 on 10 tau
11 and 13 processing
11 and 14 ,
12 aβ 13 processing
15 there 16 may
16 may 18 be
17 also 18 be
18 be 20 effects
18 be 22 by
19 downstream 20 effects
20 effects 21 mediated
22 by 25 or
23 aβ 24 aggregates
24 aggregates 25 or
25 or 27 ad
25 or 28 -
25 or 34 regulated
25 or 35 signaling
26 other 27 ad
28 - 29 related
29 related 30 factors
29 related 31 on
29 related 33 -
29 related 34 regulated
31 on 32 sumo
35 signaling 36 pathways

multiple proteins that have functions relevant to ad pathology have been identified as sumo substrates , including those involved in synaptic physiology , mitochondrial dynamics , and inflammatory signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 multiple 2 proteins
2 proteins 3 that
2 proteins 4 have
2 proteins 10 have
3 that 4 have
4 have 5 functions
5 functions 6 relevant
6 relevant 7 to
7 to 9 pathology
8 ad 9 pathology
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 identified
12 identified 13 as
13 as 15 substrates
14 sumo 15 substrates
15 substrates 17 including
16 , 17 including
17 including 18 those
17 including 23 ,
18 those 19 involved
19 involved 20 in
20 in 22 physiology
21 synaptic 22 physiology
23 , 27 and
24 mitochondrial 25 dynamics
25 dynamics 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 signaling
28 inflammatory 29 signaling

ongoing studies will determine [how] these sumo - regulated functions in neurons and glial cells may be impacted by aβ and ad pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 ongoing 2 studies
2 studies 3 will
3 will 4 determine
4 determine 7 sumo
6 these 7 sumo
8 - 13 and
8 - 18 impacted
8 - 24 .
9 regulated 10 functions
10 functions 11 in
10 functions 13 and
11 in 12 neurons
13 and 15 cells
13 and 16 may
14 glial 15 cells
16 may 17 be
17 be 18 impacted
18 impacted 19 by
19 by 23 pathology
20 aβ 21 and
21 and 22 ad
22 ad 23 pathology

here , we present a review of the current literature on the involvement of sumo in ad , as well as an overview of the sumoylated proteins and pathways that are potentially dysregulated with ad pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 6 review
5 a 6 review
6 review 7 of
6 review 14 of
6 review 21 as
7 of 10 literature
8 the 10 literature
9 current 10 literature
10 literature 11 on
11 on 13 involvement
12 the 13 involvement
14 of 15 sumo
15 sumo 16 in
16 in 17 ad
18 , 21 as
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 28 and
21 as 37 .
22 an 23 overview
23 overview 24 of
23 overview 28 and
24 of 27 proteins
25 the 27 proteins
26 sumoylated 27 proteins
28 and 29 pathways
28 and 30 that
28 and 31 are
30 that 31 are
31 are 33 dysregulated
32 potentially 33 dysregulated
33 dysregulated 34 with
34 with 36 pathogenesis
35 ad 36 pathogenesis

down 's syndrome ( ds ) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability and is a chromosomal abnormality of chromosome 21 trisomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 syndrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 down 2 's
2 's 3 syndrome
3 syndrome 5 ds
3 syndrome 16 and
4 ( 5 ds
5 ds 6 )
7 is 12 cause
7 is 16 and
8 the 12 cause
9 most 10 frequent
10 frequent 12 cause
11 genetic 12 cause
12 cause 13 of
13 of 15 disability
14 intellectual 15 disability
16 and 17 is
16 and 24 trisomy
17 is 20 abnormality
18 a 19 chromosomal
18 a 20 abnormality
19 chromosomal 20 abnormality
20 abnormality 21 of
21 of 22 chromosome
22 chromosome 23 21

the pericentrin gene ( pcnt ) has sequenced [in] 21q22.3 inside of the minimal critical region for down 's syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 gene
2 pericentrin 3 gene
3 gene 5 pcnt
3 gene 7 has
4 ( 5 pcnt
5 pcnt 6 )
7 has 8 sequenced
8 sequenced 10 21q22.3
8 sequenced 12 of
11 inside 12 of
12 of 16 region
13 the 16 region
14 minimal 16 region
15 critical 16 region
16 region 17 for
17 for 20 syndrome
18 down 19 's
19 's 20 syndrome

alterations of pcnt [gene] are associated with dwarfism , cardiomyopathy and other pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 alterations 2 of
1 alterations 5 are
2 of 3 pcnt
5 are 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 11 and
8 dwarfism 9 ,
9 , 10 cardiomyopathy
9 , 11 and
11 and 13 pathologies
12 other 13 pathologies

in this study , we have evaluated the possible differential expression of pcnt mrna , by qrt - pcr , in peripheral blood leukocytes of ds subjects compared with the normal population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 have
6 have 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 11 expression
7 evaluated 28 compared
8 the 11 expression
9 possible 10 differential
10 differential 11 expression
11 expression 12 of
11 expression 28 compared
12 of 13 pcnt
13 pcnt 14 mrna
14 mrna 16 by
14 mrna 21 in
15 , 16 by
16 by 17 qrt
16 by 20 ,
17 qrt 19 pcr
18 - 19 pcr
19 pcr 20 ,
21 in 24 leukocytes
22 peripheral 23 blood
23 blood 24 leukocytes
24 leukocytes 25 of
25 of 27 subjects
26 ds 27 subjects
28 compared 29 with
29 with 32 population
30 the 32 population
31 normal 32 population

in the present case - control study , pcnt gene expression was increased by 72.72 % in 16 out 22 ds samples compared with normal subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 4 case
1 in 5 -
1 in 6 control
2 the 4 case
3 present 4 case
6 control 7 study
8 , 11 expression
8 , 13 increased
9 pcnt 11 expression
10 gene 11 expression
11 expression 12 was
12 was 13 increased
13 increased 14 by
13 increased 17 in
13 increased 19 out
13 increased 24 with
14 by 16 %
15 72.72 16 %
17 in 18 16
19 out 22 samples
20 22 22 samples
21 ds 22 samples
22 samples 23 compared
24 with 26 subjects
25 normal 26 subjects

our data suggest that changes in the expression levels of pcnt in ds subjects may be involved into the molecular mechanism of down 's syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 changes
4 that 17 involved
5 changes 6 in
5 changes 15 may
6 in 9 levels
7 the 9 levels
8 expression 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 11 pcnt
11 pcnt 12 in
12 in 14 subjects
13 ds 14 subjects
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 involved
17 involved 18 into
18 into 21 mechanism
19 the 21 mechanism
20 molecular 21 mechanism
21 mechanism 22 of
22 of 25 syndrome
23 down 24 's
24 's 25 syndrome

the heritability of borderline personality ( bp ) [features] has been established in multiple twin [and] family studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heritability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 heritability
2 heritability 3 of
2 heritability 10 has
3 of 5 personality
4 borderline 5 personality
5 personality 7 bp
6 ( 7 bp
7 bp 8 )
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 established
12 established 13 in
13 in 18 studies
14 multiple 15 twin
15 twin 18 studies
17 family 18 studies

using data from the borderline subscale [of] the personality assessment inventory borderline features scale ( pai - bor ) collected in two dutch cohorts [(] n=7125 [ )(, the netherlands twin register and the netherlands study of depression and anxiety , we show that heritability of the pai - bor total score using genome - wide single - nucleotide polymorphism ( snps ) is estimated at 23 % , [and] that the genetic variance is substantially higher in [affect] instability items compared with the other three subscales of the pai - bor ( 42.7 % [vs] [non] - significant estimates for self - harm , negative relations and identity problems ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subscale
1 using 2 data
2 data 3 from
2 data 6 subscale
3 from 5 borderline
4 the 5 borderline
6 subscale 9 personality
8 the 9 personality
9 personality 16 pai
9 personality 20 collected
9 personality 21 in
10 assessment 11 inventory
11 inventory 12 borderline
12 borderline 13 features
13 features 14 scale
14 scale 16 pai
15 ( 16 pai
16 pai 17 -
16 pai 18 bor
16 pai 20 collected
17 - 18 bor
18 bor 19 )
21 in 33 and
22 two 23 dutch
23 dutch 24 cohorts
24 cohorts 26 n=7125
26 n=7125 28 )(,
28 )(, 32 register
28 )(, 33 and
29 the 32 register
30 netherlands 31 twin
31 twin 32 register
33 and 36 study
33 and 42 we
33 and 43 show
34 the 35 netherlands
35 netherlands 36 study
36 study 37 of
37 of 39 and
38 depression 39 and
39 and 40 anxiety
39 and 41 ,
42 we 43 show
43 show 44 that
43 show 45 heritability
43 show 55 -
45 heritability 46 of
46 of 48 pai
47 the 48 pai
49 - 55 -
50 bor 54 genome
51 total 52 score
52 score 54 genome
53 using 54 genome
54 genome 55 -
55 - 59 nucleotide
56 wide 59 nucleotide
57 single 58 -
57 single 59 nucleotide
59 nucleotide 60 polymorphism
59 nucleotide 64 is
59 nucleotide 65 estimated
59 nucleotide 66 at
60 polymorphism 62 snps
60 polymorphism 64 is
61 ( 62 snps
62 snps 63 )
66 at 68 %
67 23 68 %
68 % 71 that
68 % 75 is
68 % 77 higher
69 , 71 that
71 that 74 variance
71 that 75 is
72 the 74 variance
73 genetic 74 variance
74 variance 75 is
76 substantially 77 higher
77 higher 78 in
77 higher 83 with
78 in 81 items
80 instability 81 items
81 items 82 compared
83 with 86 three
83 with 87 subscales
84 the 85 other
85 other 86 three
87 subscales 88 of
88 of 100 estimates
89 the 100 estimates
90 pai 92 bor
90 pai 100 estimates
91 - 92 bor
92 bor 95 %
92 bor 98 -
93 ( 95 %
94 42.7 95 %
95 % 98 -
99 significant 100 estimates
100 estimates 101 for
100 estimates 108 and
101 for 102 self
103 - 108 and
104 harm 105 ,
105 , 107 relations
105 , 108 and
106 negative 107 relations
108 and 110 problems
108 and 111 )
108 and 112 .
109 identity 110 problems

we present results from a first genome - wide association study of bp features , which shows a promising signal on chromosome 5 corresponding to serinc5 , a protein involved in myelination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 3 results
3 results 4 from
4 from 7 genome
5 a 7 genome
6 first 7 genome
7 genome 11 study
8 - 11 study
9 wide 10 association
10 association 11 study
11 study 12 of
11 study 15 ,
12 of 14 features
13 bp 14 features
15 , 16 which
15 , 17 shows
15 , 27 ,
16 which 17 shows
17 shows 20 signal
17 shows 21 on
18 a 19 promising
18 a 20 signal
19 promising 20 signal
21 on 22 chromosome
22 chromosome 23 5
22 chromosome 24 corresponding
24 corresponding 25 to
25 to 26 serinc5
27 , 32 myelination
28 a 31 in
29 protein 30 involved
30 involved 31 in
31 in 32 myelination

reduced myelination has [been] suggested as possibly having a role in the development of psychiatric disorders characterized by lack of social interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 myelination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 reduced 2 myelination
2 myelination 3 has
3 has 5 suggested
5 suggested 8 having
6 as 7 possibly
7 possibly 8 having
8 having 10 role
8 having 11 in
9 a 10 role
11 in 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
13 development 17 characterized
14 of 16 disorders
15 psychiatric 16 disorders
17 characterized 18 by
18 by 19 lack
19 lack 20 of
20 of 22 interaction
21 social 22 interaction

the signal was confirmed in a third independent dutch cohort drawn from the erasmus rucphen family study ( n=1301 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 signal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 signal
2 signal 3 was
3 was 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 5 in
5 in 10 cohort
6 a 10 cohort
7 third 9 dutch
8 independent 9 dutch
9 dutch 10 cohort
10 cohort 11 drawn
11 drawn 12 from
12 from 17 study
13 the 17 study
14 erasmus 15 rucphen
15 rucphen 16 family
16 family 17 study
17 study 19 n=1301
18 ( 19 n=1301
19 n=1301 20 )

our analyses were complemented by investigating the heterogeneity that was implied by the differences in genetic variance components in the four subscales of the pai - bor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 complemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 were
3 were 4 complemented
4 complemented 5 by
4 complemented 15 in
5 by 6 investigating
6 investigating 8 heterogeneity
6 investigating 12 by
7 the 8 heterogeneity
8 heterogeneity 9 that
8 heterogeneity 10 was
9 that 10 was
10 was 11 implied
12 by 14 differences
13 the 14 differences
15 in 18 components
16 genetic 17 variance
17 variance 18 components
18 components 19 in
18 components 23 of
19 in 22 subscales
20 the 21 four
21 four 22 subscales
23 of 27 bor
24 the 27 bor
25 pai 27 bor
26 - 27 bor

these analyses show that the association of snps tagging serinc5 differs substantially across the 24 items of the pai - bor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 association
4 that 11 differs
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
6 association 11 differs
7 of 8 snps
8 snps 9 tagging
9 tagging 10 serinc5
11 differs 12 substantially
11 differs 13 across
13 across 16 items
14 the 15 24
15 24 16 items
16 items 17 of
17 of 21 bor
18 the 21 bor
19 pai 21 bor
20 - 21 bor

further , using reverse regression we showed that the effects were present only in subjects with higher scores on the pai - bor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 using
3 using 5 regression
3 using 17 higher
3 using 18 scores
4 reverse 5 regression
5 regression 6 we
5 regression 16 with
6 we 7 showed
7 showed 8 that
8 that 10 effects
8 that 11 were
9 the 10 effects
10 effects 11 were
11 were 12 present
12 present 13 only
12 present 14 in
12 present 16 with
14 in 15 subjects
18 scores 19 on
19 on 23 bor
20 the 23 bor
21 pai 23 bor
22 - 23 bor

taken together , these results suggest that future genome - wide analyses can benefit substantially by taking into account the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of bp features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 results
4 these 5 results
5 results 6 suggest
6 suggest 9 genome
7 that 9 genome
8 future 9 genome
10 - 12 analyses
10 - 14 benefit
10 - 28 .
11 wide 12 analyses
12 analyses 13 can
13 can 14 benefit
14 benefit 15 substantially
14 benefit 16 by
14 benefit 24 heterogeneity
16 by 17 taking
17 taking 19 account
18 into 19 account
20 the 24 heterogeneity
21 phenotypic 22 and
22 and 23 genetic
22 and 24 heterogeneity
24 heterogeneity 25 of
25 of 27 features
26 bp 27 features

we tested the null hypotheses that neither age , gender nor muscle pre - cocontraction state affect the latencies of changes in upper extremity kinematics or elbow muscle activity following an impulsive force to the hand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 5 hypotheses
3 the 5 hypotheses
4 null 5 hypotheses
5 hypotheses 6 that
5 hypotheses 8 age
6 that 8 age
7 neither 8 age
9 , 11 nor
9 , 26 or
10 gender 11 nor
11 nor 16 state
11 nor 26 or
12 muscle 16 state
13 pre 14 -
13 pre 15 cocontraction
15 cocontraction 16 state
17 affect 19 latencies
17 affect 22 in
17 affect 26 or
18 the 19 latencies
19 latencies 20 of
20 of 21 changes
22 in 25 kinematics
23 upper 24 extremity
24 extremity 25 kinematics
26 or 27 elbow
26 or 34 to
27 elbow 29 activity
28 muscle 29 activity
29 activity 30 following
30 following 33 force
31 an 32 impulsive
31 an 33 force
32 impulsive 33 force
34 to 36 hand
35 the 36 hand

thirty - eight healthy young and older adult volunteers lay prone on an apparatus with shoulders flexed 75 ° and arms slightly flexed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 volunteers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 lay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 eight
2 - 9 volunteers
4 healthy 8 adult
5 young 6 and
6 and 7 older
6 and 8 adult
8 adult 9 volunteers
9 volunteers 10 lay
10 lay 11 prone
11 prone 12 on
12 on 14 apparatus
13 an 14 apparatus
14 apparatus 15 with
14 apparatus 23 flexed
15 with 16 shoulders
16 shoulders 20 and
17 flexed 19 °
17 flexed 20 and
18 75 19 °
20 and 21 arms
22 slightly 23 flexed

the [non] [-] dominant hand was subjected to three trials of impulsive loading with arm muscles precontracted to 25 , 50 , or 75 % of maximum pre - cocontraction levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 5 hand
4 dominant 5 hand
5 hand 6 was
6 was 7 subjected
7 subjected 8 to
7 subjected 14 with
7 subjected 18 to
8 to 10 trials
9 three 10 trials
10 trials 11 of
11 of 13 loading
12 impulsive 13 loading
14 with 16 muscles
15 arm 16 muscles
16 muscles 17 precontracted
18 to 19 25
20 , 21 50
20 , 23 or
22 , 23 or
23 or 25 %
23 or 31 levels
24 75 25 %
25 % 26 of
25 % 31 levels
26 of 30 cocontraction
27 maximum 30 cocontraction
28 pre 29 -
28 pre 30 cocontraction

limb kinematic data and upper extremity electromyographic ( emg ) activity were acquired . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 acquired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 limb 3 data
2 kinematic 3 data
3 data 4 and
4 and 11 activity
4 and 12 were
5 upper 6 extremity
6 extremity 11 activity
7 electromyographic 9 emg
7 electromyographic 11 activity
8 ( 9 emg
9 emg 10 )
12 were 13 acquired

the results showed that pre [-] cocontraction muscle level ( p < 0.001 ) and gender ( p < 0.05 for wrist and shoulder ) affected joint displacement onset times and age affected emg onset times ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 9 level
3 showed 15 and
4 that 5 pre
5 pre 9 level
7 cocontraction 8 muscle
8 muscle 9 level
9 level 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.001
12 < 14 )
15 and 16 gender
16 gender 19 <
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.05
20 0.05 21 for
21 for 31 and
22 wrist 23 and
23 and 24 shoulder
23 and 25 )
23 and 26 affected
23 and 31 and
26 affected 27 joint
27 joint 30 times
28 displacement 30 times
29 onset 30 times
31 and 32 age
31 and 42 .
32 age 33 affected
33 affected 36 times
34 emg 35 onset
35 onset 36 times
36 times 39 <
37 ( 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.05
39 < 41 )

the peak applied force ( [f1] [ )( a mean ( ± sd ) [27] ( ± 2 ) [ms] after impact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 peak
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 peak
2 peak 3 applied
3 applied 4 force
3 applied 21 after
4 force 10 mean
5 ( 10 mean
9 a 10 mean
10 mean 13 sd
10 mean 17 ±
10 mean 19 )
11 ( 13 sd
12 ± 13 sd
13 sd 14 )
16 ( 17 ±
17 ± 18 2
17 ± 19 )
21 after 22 impact

the latencies for the wrist , elbow , and shoulder displacements were 21 ± 3 , 29 ± 5 , and 34 ± 7 [m] s , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
1 the 2 latencies
2 latencies 3 for
2 latencies 6 ,
3 for 5 wrist
4 the 5 wrist
6 , 7 elbow
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 displacements
9 and 12 were
10 shoulder 11 displacements
12 were 14 ±
13 21 14 ±
14 ± 15 3
14 ± 18 ±
16 , 18 ±
17 29 18 ±
18 ± 19 5
18 ± 20 ,
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 34
21 and 23 ±
22 34 23 ±
23 ± 26 s
23 ± 28 respectively
24 7 26 s
27 , 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 .

because the latencies for elbow flexion and lateral triceps emg were 23 ± 5 and 84 ± 8 m [s] , respectively , muscle pre - activation rather than stretch reflexes prevent arm buckling under impulsive end loads . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 because 3 latencies
1 because 17 ±
1 because 24 muscle
2 the 3 latencies
3 latencies 4 for
3 latencies 17 ±
4 for 13 ±
5 elbow 6 flexion
6 flexion 7 and
7 and 9 triceps
7 and 10 emg
7 and 11 were
7 and 13 ±
8 lateral 9 triceps
10 emg 11 were
12 23 13 ±
13 ± 15 and
14 5 15 and
15 and 16 84
17 ± 19 m
18 8 19 m
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 ,
22 respectively 24 muscle
24 muscle 27 activation
24 muscle 29 than
24 muscle 35 under
25 pre 26 -
25 pre 27 activation
28 rather 29 than
29 than 30 stretch
30 stretch 31 reflexes
30 stretch 32 prevent
31 reflexes 32 prevent
32 prevent 34 buckling
33 arm 34 buckling
35 under 38 loads
36 impulsive 37 end
37 end 38 loads

aim : " saving appearances behavior " , pretending to know the correct answer , or a reply of deceptive replies , are often found in the reply of patients with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 "
2 : 4 saving
4 saving 6 behavior
4 saving 9 pretending
5 appearances 6 behavior
6 behavior 7 "
8 , 9 pretending
9 pretending 10 to
9 pretending 11 know
9 pretending 33 .
10 to 11 know
11 know 16 or
11 know 25 found
12 the 14 answer
13 correct 14 answer
14 answer 16 or
15 , 16 or
16 or 18 reply
16 or 22 ,
16 or 23 are
17 a 18 reply
18 reply 19 of
19 of 21 replies
20 deceptive 21 replies
23 are 24 often
23 are 25 found
25 found 26 in
26 in 28 reply
27 the 28 reply
28 reply 29 of
29 of 30 patients
30 patients 31 with
31 with 32 dementia

we have already found that we can classify the answers to " what is the latest news on tv or newspapers ? " into 4 types , including saving appearances answer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ?
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 answer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 found
3 already 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 6 we
5 that 8 classify
6 we 7 can
7 can 8 classify
8 classify 10 answers
8 classify 11 to
9 the 10 answers
11 to 12 "
11 to 13 what
13 what 14 is
14 is 17 news
14 is 18 on
15 the 16 latest
15 the 17 news
18 on 20 or
19 tv 20 or
20 or 21 newspapers
22 ? 23 "
22 ? 30 appearances
24 into 26 types
24 into 27 ,
24 into 30 appearances
25 4 26 types
28 including 30 appearances
29 saving 30 appearances
30 appearances 31 answer

the purpose of the present study is to develop a simple clinical diagnostic method based on the answers to " what is the latest news on tv or newspapers ? " for differentiating patients with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) from those with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , [and] to test the validity , sensitivity and specificity of the method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 15 based
2 purpose 28 or
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
5 present 6 study
5 present 7 is
6 study 7 is
7 is 8 to
8 to 9 develop
9 develop 14 method
10 a 11 simple
10 a 14 method
11 simple 14 method
12 clinical 14 method
13 diagnostic 14 method
15 based 16 on
15 based 19 to
16 on 18 answers
17 the 18 answers
19 to 20 "
19 to 21 what
21 what 22 is
22 is 25 news
23 the 24 latest
23 the 25 news
25 news 26 on
26 on 27 tv
28 or 29 newspapers
28 or 30 ?
28 or 32 for
30 ? 31 "
32 for 33 differentiating
33 differentiating 34 patients
33 differentiating 35 with
33 differentiating 42 from
33 differentiating 44 with
35 with 38 disease
36 alzheimer 37 's
37 's 38 disease
38 disease 40 ad
39 ( 40 ad
40 ad 41 )
42 from 43 those
44 with 47 impairment
45 mild 47 impairment
46 cognitive 47 impairment
47 impairment 49 mci
48 ( 49 mci
49 mci 50 )
51 , 53 to
51 , 54 test
53 to 54 test
54 test 59 and
55 the 56 validity
56 validity 57 ,
57 , 58 sensitivity
57 , 59 and
59 and 60 specificity
59 and 61 of
61 of 63 method
62 the 63 method

methods : we recruited 133 consecutive outpatients with ad , 116 with mci , and 54 normal cognitive aging controls ( nc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 recruited
2 : 24 .
3 we 4 recruited
4 recruited 7 outpatients
4 recruited 8 with
5 133 7 outpatients
6 consecutive 7 outpatients
8 with 15 and
9 ad 11 116
9 ad 15 and
10 , 11 116
11 116 12 with
11 116 14 ,
12 with 13 mci
14 , 15 and
15 and 20 controls
15 and 22 nc
16 54 20 controls
17 normal 20 controls
18 cognitive 20 controls
19 aging 20 controls
21 ( 22 nc
22 nc 23 )

mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) was performed for all of the subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mini
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mini 7 mmse
1 mini 9 was
2 - 7 mmse
3 mental 4 state
4 state 5 examination
5 examination 7 mmse
6 ( 7 mmse
7 mmse 8 )
9 was 10 performed
10 performed 11 for
11 for 15 subjects
12 all 13 of
12 all 15 subjects
13 of 15 subjects
14 the 15 subjects

severity of memory disturbance was rated 0 ( none ) to 3 ( severe ) according to the results of the 3 - object recall [portion] of the mmse questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rated
1 severity 2 of
1 severity 6 rated
2 of 3 memory
3 memory 4 disturbance
3 memory 5 was
4 disturbance 5 was
6 rated 7 0
6 rated 11 to
7 0 9 none
8 ( 9 none
9 none 10 )
11 to 12 3
12 3 23 -
13 ( 23 -
14 severe 15 )
14 severe 16 according
16 according 17 to
16 according 23 -
17 to 19 results
18 the 19 results
19 results 20 of
20 of 22 3
21 the 22 3
23 - 25 recall
23 - 31 .
24 object 25 recall
25 recall 27 of
27 of 30 questionnaire
28 the 30 questionnaire
29 mmse 30 questionnaire

results : only 20 % of ad and 32 % of mci responded correctly about the recent news while 96 % of nc responded correctly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 %
3 only 4 20
4 20 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 7 ad
8 and 10 %
8 and 13 responded
9 32 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 13 responded
11 of 12 mci
13 responded 14 correctly
13 responded 15 about
13 responded 19 while
15 about 18 news
16 the 18 news
17 recent 18 news
19 while 21 %
19 while 24 responded
20 96 21 %
21 % 22 of
21 % 24 responded
22 of 23 nc
24 responded 25 correctly

among patients with ad [and] mci , one third of them showed " saving appearance behavior " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 third
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 among 2 patients
1 among 7 ,
1 among 9 third
2 patients 3 with
3 with 4 ad
4 ad 6 mci
8 one 9 third
9 third 10 of
9 third 12 showed
10 of 11 them
12 showed 13 "
12 showed 16 behavior
14 saving 16 behavior
15 appearance 16 behavior
16 behavior 17 "

taking the result of the memory disturbance according to the mmse in consideration , the present study indicates that the ad patients can be distinguished from mci and nc with high sensitivity ( 98 % ) and high specificity ( 94 % ) using this simple , one - phrase question . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 taking 3 result
1 taking 9 to
1 taking 12 in
1 taking 14 ,
1 taking 17 study
2 the 3 result
3 result 4 of
4 of 7 disturbance
5 the 7 disturbance
6 memory 7 disturbance
8 according 9 to
9 to 11 mmse
10 the 11 mmse
12 in 13 consideration
15 the 17 study
16 present 17 study
17 study 18 indicates
18 indicates 19 that
19 that 22 patients
19 that 24 be
20 the 22 patients
21 ad 22 patients
22 patients 23 can
23 can 24 be
24 be 37 and
24 be 44 using
25 distinguished 26 from
25 distinguished 28 and
26 from 27 mci
28 and 29 nc
28 and 37 and
29 nc 30 with
30 with 32 sensitivity
31 high 32 sensitivity
32 sensitivity 35 %
33 ( 35 %
34 98 35 %
35 % 36 )
37 and 39 specificity
37 and 42 %
38 high 39 specificity
40 ( 42 %
41 94 42 %
42 % 43 )
44 using 51 question
45 this 51 question
46 simple 48 one
46 simple 49 -
46 simple 50 phrase
47 , 48 one
48 one 49 -
50 phrase 51 question

conclusions : " what is the latest news on tv or papers ? " was highly effective in identifying ad [and] mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 "
2 : 4 what
2 : 5 is
2 : 23 .
4 what 5 is
5 is 7 latest
6 the 7 latest
7 latest 8 news
7 latest 19 identifying
8 news 9 on
8 news 15 was
9 on 11 or
10 tv 11 or
11 or 12 papers
11 or 13 ?
13 ? 14 "
15 was 16 highly
15 was 17 effective
17 effective 18 in
18 in 19 identifying
19 identifying 20 ad
20 ad 22 mci

the present study suggests that the " saving appearances answer " is associated with the onset or awareness of memory impairment , the maintenance of the frontal lobe function and other characteristics of the patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 that
5 that 10 answer
5 that 13 associated
6 the 7 "
6 the 10 answer
8 saving 10 answer
9 appearances 10 answer
10 answer 11 "
10 answer 12 is
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 30 and
15 the 16 onset
16 onset 17 or
17 or 18 awareness
17 or 22 ,
18 awareness 19 of
19 of 21 impairment
20 memory 21 impairment
22 , 24 maintenance
22 , 30 and
23 the 24 maintenance
24 maintenance 25 of
25 of 29 function
26 the 29 function
27 frontal 28 lobe
28 lobe 29 function
30 and 32 characteristics
30 and 33 of
31 other 32 characteristics
33 of 35 patient
34 the 35 patient

[none] none none none none objective : the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the timed up and go test and postoperative morbidity and 1 [-] year mortality , [and] to compare the timed up and go to the standard - of [-] care surgical risk calculators for prediction of postoperative complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 none
4 none 5 none
5 none 6 objective
7 : 9 purpose
7 : 13 was
8 the 9 purpose
9 purpose 10 of
9 purpose 13 was
10 of 12 study
11 this 12 study
13 was 14 to
14 to 15 determine
15 determine 17 relationship
15 determine 18 between
16 the 17 relationship
18 between 25 and
19 the 21 up
20 timed 21 up
21 up 22 and
22 and 24 test
22 and 25 and
23 go 24 test
25 and 32 mortality
25 and 33 ,
25 and 35 to
26 postoperative 32 mortality
27 morbidity 28 and
28 and 31 year
28 and 32 mortality
29 1 31 year
33 , 35 to
35 to 36 compare
36 compare 41 go
37 the 41 go
38 timed 39 up
39 up 40 and
40 and 41 go
41 go 42 to
41 go 46 of
42 to 44 standard
43 the 44 standard
45 - 46 of
46 of 51 calculators
46 of 57 .
48 care 51 calculators
49 surgical 51 calculators
50 risk 51 calculators
51 calculators 52 for
51 calculators 54 of
52 for 53 prediction
54 of 56 complications
55 postoperative 56 complications

methods : in this prospective cohort study , patients 65 years and older undergoing elective colorectal and cardiac operations with a minimum of 1 [-] year follow [-] up were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 7 study
2 : 8 ,
3 in 6 cohort
3 in 7 study
4 this 6 cohort
5 prospective 6 cohort
8 , 12 and
8 , 31 included
9 patients 11 years
10 65 11 years
11 years 12 and
12 and 14 undergoing
12 and 19 operations
12 and 27 follow
12 and 30 were
13 older 14 undergoing
15 elective 19 operations
16 colorectal 17 and
17 and 18 cardiac
17 and 19 operations
19 operations 20 with
19 operations 23 of
19 operations 27 follow
20 with 22 minimum
21 a 22 minimum
23 of 26 year
24 1 26 year
27 follow 29 up
30 were 31 included

the timed up and go test was performed preoperatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 6 test
2 timed 3 up
3 up 4 and
4 and 5 go
5 go 6 test
6 test 7 was
7 was 8 performed
8 performed 9 preoperatively

this timed test starts with the subject standing from a chair , [walking] 10 feet , returning to the chair , and ends after the subject sits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 starts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 3 test
2 timed 3 test
3 test 4 starts
4 starts 5 with
4 starts 9 from
4 starts 17 returning
5 with 7 subject
6 the 7 subject
7 subject 8 standing
9 from 11 chair
10 a 11 chair
11 chair 15 feet
12 , 15 feet
14 10 15 feet
15 feet 16 ,
17 returning 18 to
17 returning 24 after
18 to 22 and
19 the 20 chair
20 chair 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 ends
24 after 26 subject
24 after 27 sits
25 the 26 subject
26 subject 27 sits

timed up and go results were grouped as fast ≤ 10 seconds , intermediate = 11 - 14 seconds , and slow ≥ 15 seconds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 timed 5 results
2 up 3 and
3 and 4 go
4 go 5 results
5 results 21 and
6 were 7 grouped
6 were 21 and
7 grouped 8 as
8 as 12 seconds
9 fast 12 seconds
10 ≤ 12 seconds
11 10 12 seconds
12 seconds 19 seconds
13 , 19 seconds
14 intermediate 17 -
14 intermediate 19 seconds
15 = 16 11
16 11 17 -
17 - 18 14
19 seconds 20 ,
21 and 22 slow
21 and 25 seconds
22 slow 23 ≥
23 ≥ 24 15

receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the 3 timed up and go groups to current standard - [of] [-] care surgical risk calculators at forecasting postoperative complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 curves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 receiver 2 operating
2 operating 4 curves
3 characteristic 4 curves
4 curves 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 15 groups
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 11 timed
9 the 11 timed
10 3 11 timed
11 timed 14 go
11 timed 15 groups
12 up 13 and
13 and 14 go
14 go 15 groups
15 groups 16 to
15 groups 26 at
16 to 25 calculators
17 current 22 care
18 standard 19 -
18 standard 22 care
22 care 25 calculators
23 surgical 25 calculators
24 risk 25 calculators
26 at 27 forecasting
27 forecasting 29 complications
28 postoperative 29 complications

results : this study included 272 subjects ( mean age of 74 ± 6 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 17 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 subjects
6 272 7 subjects
7 subjects 10 age
8 ( 10 age
9 mean 10 age
10 age 11 of
10 age 16 )
11 of 15 years
12 74 15 years
13 ± 15 years
14 6 15 years

slower timed up and go was associated with increased postoperative complications [after] colorectal [(] fast 13 % , intermediate 29 [%] , and slow 77 [%] [;] p < 0.001 ) and cardiac ( fast 11 % , [intermediate] 26 % , and slow 52 [%] [;] p < 0.001 [ )( . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 go
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
1 slower 5 go
2 timed 3 up
3 up 4 and
4 and 5 go
5 go 6 was
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 13 colorectal
8 with 11 complications
9 increased 11 complications
10 postoperative 11 complications
13 colorectal 23 and
15 fast 23 and
16 13 17 %
17 % 19 intermediate
18 , 19 intermediate
19 intermediate 20 29
19 intermediate 22 ,
22 , 23 and
23 and 32 and
24 slow 29 <
24 slow 32 and
25 77 29 <
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.001
29 < 31 )
32 and 43 and
33 cardiac 35 fast
33 cardiac 43 and
34 ( 35 fast
35 fast 42 ,
36 11 37 %
37 % 41 %
38 , 41 %
40 26 41 %
41 % 42 ,
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 slow
44 slow 49 <
45 52 49 <
48 p 49 <
49 < 50 0.001
49 < 53 .

slower timed up and go was associated with increased 1 - year mortality following both colorectal ( fast 3 % , intermediate 10 [%] , and slow 31 [%] [;] p = 0.006 ) and cardiac ( fast 2 % , [intermediate] 3 % , and slow 12 [%] [;] p = 0.039 [ )( . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 timed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 slower 2 timed
2 timed 5 go
2 timed 8 with
2 timed 9 increased
3 up 4 and
4 and 5 go
5 go 6 was
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
9 increased 10 1
11 - 13 mortality
12 year 13 mortality
13 mortality 14 following
14 following 15 both
14 following 26 and
16 colorectal 18 fast
16 colorectal 26 and
17 ( 18 fast
18 fast 25 ,
19 3 20 %
20 % 22 intermediate
21 , 22 intermediate
22 intermediate 23 10
22 intermediate 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 35 and
27 slow 32 =
27 slow 35 and
28 31 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.006
32 = 34 )
35 and 46 and
36 cardiac 38 fast
36 cardiac 46 and
37 ( 38 fast
38 fast 45 ,
39 2 40 %
40 % 44 %
41 , 44 %
43 3 44 %
44 % 45 ,
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 slow
47 slow 52 =
48 12 52 =
51 p 52 =
52 = 53 0.039
52 = 56 .

conclusions : slower timed up and go forecasted increased postoperative complications and 1 [-] year mortality across surgical specialties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 go
2 : 9 increased
2 : 20 .
3 slower 7 go
4 timed 5 up
5 up 6 and
6 and 7 go
7 go 8 forecasted
7 go 9 increased
9 increased 12 and
9 increased 17 across
10 postoperative 11 complications
11 complications 12 and
12 and 16 mortality
13 1 15 year
15 year 16 mortality
17 across 19 specialties
18 surgical 19 specialties

regardless of operation performed , the timed up and go compared favorably to the more complex risk calculators at forecasting postoperative complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 regardless 2 of
2 of 3 operation
2 of 5 ,
2 of 9 and
3 operation 4 performed
6 the 8 up
7 timed 8 up
8 up 9 and
9 and 10 go
9 and 11 compared
11 compared 12 favorably
11 compared 13 to
11 compared 19 at
13 to 18 calculators
14 the 18 calculators
15 more 16 complex
16 complex 18 calculators
17 risk 18 calculators
19 at 20 forecasting
20 forecasting 22 complications
21 postoperative 22 complications

background : aging is an established risk factor for contrast - induced nephropathy ( cin ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 4 is
2 : 17 .
3 aging 4 is
4 is 8 factor
5 an 8 factor
6 established 8 factor
7 risk 8 factor
8 factor 9 for
9 for 10 contrast
10 contrast 13 nephropathy
11 - 13 nephropathy
12 induced 13 nephropathy
13 nephropathy 15 cin
13 nephropathy 16 )
14 ( 15 cin
15 cin 16 )

however , little information is available on the incidence and clinical outcome of cin for the elderly patients in japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 information
3 little 4 information
4 information 5 is
5 is 6 available
6 available 7 on
6 available 15 for
6 available 19 in
7 on 10 and
8 the 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 and
10 and 12 outcome
10 and 13 of
11 clinical 12 outcome
13 of 14 cin
15 for 18 patients
16 the 18 patients
17 elderly 18 patients
19 in 20 japan

objectives : we determined the incidence and clinical outcome of cin in the japanese elderly patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 determined
2 : 17 .
3 we 4 determined
4 determined 7 and
4 determined 12 in
5 the 6 incidence
6 incidence 7 and
7 and 9 outcome
7 and 10 of
8 clinical 9 outcome
10 of 11 cin
12 in 16 patient
13 the 16 patient
14 japanese 16 patient
15 elderly 16 patient

methods : we studied 292 patients who had mild renal dysfunction ( estimated glomerular filtration [rate] ( egfr ) [<] 60 ml/min/1.73 [m] ( 2 ) ) at baseline and underwent coronary angiography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 30 and
2 : 34 .
3 we 30 and
4 studied 6 patients
4 studied 30 and
5 292 6 patients
6 patients 7 who
6 patients 8 had
7 who 8 had
8 had 11 dysfunction
8 had 28 at
9 mild 11 dysfunction
10 renal 11 dysfunction
11 dysfunction 15 filtration
12 ( 15 filtration
13 estimated 15 filtration
14 glomerular 15 filtration
15 filtration 22 ml/min/1.73
15 filtration 27 )
17 ( 22 ml/min/1.73
18 egfr 19 )
18 egfr 22 ml/min/1.73
21 60 22 ml/min/1.73
22 ml/min/1.73 25 2
22 ml/min/1.73 26 )
24 ( 25 2
25 2 26 )
28 at 29 baseline
30 and 31 underwent
31 underwent 33 angiography
32 coronary 33 angiography

patients were divided into two groups base on their age : the elderly group ( age ≥ 75 , n=108 [ )(and the control group ( age<75 , n=184 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 base
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
4 into 5 two
5 two 6 groups
5 two 7 base
6 groups 7 base
7 base 8 on
8 on 10 age
9 their 10 age
11 : 14 group
12 the 14 group
13 elderly 14 group
14 group 22 )(and
15 ( 22 )(and
16 age 17 ≥
17 ≥ 18 75
17 ≥ 19 ,
19 , 20 n=108
19 , 22 )(and
22 )(and 25 group
22 )(and 27 age<75
22 )(and 29 n=184
22 )(and 30 )
23 the 25 group
24 control 25 group
26 ( 27 age<75
27 age<75 28 ,
28 , 29 n=184
29 n=184 30 )

cin was defined as a 25 % increase in serum creatinine or an increase in serum creatinine by>0.5 [mg/dl] above the baseline value [at] or within 2 days post procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 cin 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 4 as
3 defined 9 in
3 defined 18 by>0.5
4 as 8 increase
5 a 8 increase
6 25 7 %
7 % 8 increase
9 in 12 or
10 serum 11 creatinine
11 creatinine 12 or
12 or 14 increase
12 or 15 in
13 an 14 increase
15 in 17 creatinine
16 serum 17 creatinine
18 by>0.5 25 or
20 above 23 value
20 above 25 or
21 the 23 value
22 baseline 23 value
25 or 26 within
26 within 30 procedure
27 2 28 days
28 days 29 post
29 post 30 procedure

results : patients in the elderly group had a higher incidence of cin ( 14 % ) than those in the control group ( 9 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 8 had
2 : 28 .
3 patients 4 in
3 patients 8 had
4 in 7 group
5 the 7 group
6 elderly 7 group
8 had 11 incidence
8 had 18 than
8 had 20 in
9 a 11 incidence
10 higher 11 incidence
11 incidence 12 of
12 of 13 cin
13 cin 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 14 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 than 19 those
20 in 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 control 23 group
23 group 26 %
24 ( 26 %
25 9 26 %
26 % 27 )

in patients who developed cin , there was no significant difference between the two groups in baseline gfr and gfr on days 1 , 2 , 7 and 30 after the procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
1 in 2 patients
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 there
2 patients 3 who
2 patients 4 developed
3 who 4 developed
4 developed 5 cin
7 there 8 was
8 was 11 difference
8 was 12 between
8 was 16 in
8 was 21 on
9 no 11 difference
10 significant 11 difference
12 between 15 groups
13 the 14 two
14 two 15 groups
16 in 20 gfr
17 baseline 20 gfr
18 gfr 19 and
19 and 20 gfr
21 on 22 days
22 days 23 1
22 days 25 2
24 , 25 2
25 2 28 and
25 2 33 .
26 , 28 and
27 7 28 and
28 and 29 30
28 and 30 after
28 and 33 .
30 after 32 procedure
31 the 32 procedure

furthermore , death occurred in 3 patients in the elderly group ( 20 % ) whereas no patient died in the control group ( p=0.092 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 death
3 death 4 occurred
4 occurred 5 in
4 occurred 8 in
4 occurred 16 whereas
5 in 7 patients
6 3 7 patients
8 in 11 group
9 the 11 group
10 elderly 11 group
11 group 14 %
12 ( 14 %
13 20 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 whereas 18 patient
16 whereas 19 died
17 no 18 patient
18 patient 19 died
19 died 20 in
20 in 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 control 23 group
23 group 25 p=0.092
24 ( 25 p=0.092
25 p=0.092 26 )

conclusion : aging ( age ≥ 75 ) is a risk factor for cin in japanese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 9 is
2 : 17 .
3 aging 6 ≥
3 aging 9 is
4 ( 6 ≥
5 age 6 ≥
6 ≥ 7 75
6 ≥ 8 )
9 is 12 factor
10 a 12 factor
11 risk 12 factor
12 factor 13 for
13 for 14 cin
14 cin 15 in
15 in 16 japanese

cin in the elderly patients may be associated with prolonged renal dysfunction and poor prognosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cin 2 in
1 cin 6 may
2 in 5 patients
3 the 5 patients
4 elderly 5 patients
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 13 and
10 prolonged 12 dysfunction
11 renal 12 dysfunction
12 dysfunction 13 and
13 and 15 prognosis
14 poor 15 prognosis

none none postprandial insulin [release] is lower in [healthy] aerobically trained ( t ) compared to untrained ( ut ) individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 none 3 postprandial
1 none 11 trained
1 none 13 t
1 none 15 compared
2 none 3 postprandial
3 postprandial 4 insulin
3 postprandial 8 in
3 postprandial 11 trained
4 insulin 6 is
6 is 7 lower
7 lower 8 in
10 aerobically 11 trained
12 ( 13 t
13 t 14 )
15 compared 16 to
16 to 21 individuals
17 untrained 19 ut
17 untrained 21 individuals
18 ( 19 ut
19 ut 20 )

this may be mediated by a lower release of the two incretin hormones [ glucagon [like] peptide - 1 ( glp - 1 ) and glucose - dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [(] gip [ )( in t [.] the aim of this study was to assess [and] [compare] gut hormone response and satiety changes after a liquid meal intake in young , [healthy] t and ut males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mediated
1 this 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 4 mediated
4 mediated 5 by
5 by 8 release
6 a 8 release
7 lower 8 release
8 release 9 of
9 of 13 hormones
10 the 11 two
11 two 13 hormones
12 incretin 13 hormones
13 hormones 18 -
14 [ 18 -
15 glucagon 17 peptide
17 peptide 18 -
18 - 19 1
19 1 27 -
20 ( 27 -
21 glp 23 1
21 glp 25 and
22 - 23 1
23 1 24 )
25 and 26 glucose
25 and 27 -
27 - 32 gip
28 dependent 32 gip
29 insulinotropic 32 gip
30 polypeptide 32 gip
32 gip 35 in
32 gip 39 aim
32 gip 43 was
35 in 36 t
38 the 39 aim
39 aim 40 of
39 aim 43 was
40 of 42 study
41 this 42 study
43 was 44 to
44 to 45 assess
45 assess 51 and
48 gut 49 hormone
49 hormone 50 response
50 response 51 and
51 and 53 changes
52 satiety 53 changes
53 changes 54 after
54 after 58 intake
55 a 58 intake
56 liquid 58 intake
57 meal 58 intake
58 intake 59 in
59 in 64 and
60 young 61 ,
61 , 63 t
61 , 64 and
64 and 66 males
64 and 67 .
65 ut 66 males

postprandial gut hormone release and subjective feelings of hunger , satiety , fullness and prospective food consumption were assessed before [and] frequently for the following 3 h after a 200 ml liquid meal [(] 1,260 kj and 27 [,] 41 [and] 32 energy [%] as protein , carbohydrates and fat , respectively [ )(in ten t and ten ut young , healthy male subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 release
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 postprandial 2 gut
2 gut 3 hormone
3 hormone 4 release
5 and 7 feelings
6 subjective 7 feelings
7 feelings 8 of
7 feelings 18 were
8 of 14 and
9 hunger 10 ,
10 , 11 satiety
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 fullness
12 , 14 and
14 and 17 consumption
15 prospective 16 food
16 food 17 consumption
18 were 19 assessed
19 assessed 20 before
19 assessed 22 frequently
19 assessed 23 for
23 for 25 following
24 the 25 following
25 following 28 after
26 3 27 h
27 h 28 after
28 after 37 and
29 a 36 kj
30 200 31 ml
31 ml 36 kj
32 liquid 36 kj
33 meal 36 kj
35 1,260 36 kj
36 kj 37 and
37 and 43 energy
37 and 45 as
38 27 43 energy
40 41 43 energy
42 32 43 energy
45 as 49 and
46 protein 47 ,
47 , 48 carbohydrates
47 , 49 and
49 and 50 fat
49 and 51 ,
49 and 54 )(in
51 , 52 respectively
51 , 54 )(in
54 )(in 64 subjects
54 )(in 65 .
55 ten 64 subjects
56 t 57 and
57 and 59 ut
57 and 63 male
58 ten 59 ut
60 young 61 ,
60 young 63 male
62 healthy 63 male
63 male 64 subjects

the insulin and gip responses were markedly lower in t than ut and correlated during the first 30 min after the liquid meal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 insulin
2 insulin 3 and
3 and 5 responses
3 and 13 and
4 gip 5 responses
6 were 8 lower
6 were 13 and
7 markedly 8 lower
8 lower 9 in
8 lower 11 than
9 in 10 t
11 than 12 ut
13 and 14 correlated
13 and 20 after
14 correlated 15 during
15 during 17 first
16 the 17 first
18 30 19 min
19 min 20 after
20 after 23 meal
21 the 23 meal
22 liquid 23 meal

baseline glp - 1 concentration was higher in t versus ut , but the response in the following 3 h after a liquid meal was similar in t and ut . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 glp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 baseline 2 glp
3 - 4 1
3 - 13 but
4 1 5 concentration
4 1 6 was
4 1 10 versus
5 concentration 6 was
6 was 7 higher
6 was 8 in
8 in 9 t
10 versus 11 ut
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 response
13 but 25 was
14 the 15 response
15 response 16 in
15 response 25 was
16 in 18 following
17 the 18 following
18 following 21 after
19 3 20 h
20 h 21 after
21 after 24 meal
22 a 24 meal
23 liquid 24 meal
25 was 26 similar
26 similar 27 in
27 in 29 and
28 t 29 and
29 and 30 ut

satiety measures did not differ between groups throughout the test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 satiety 2 measures
2 measures 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 differ
5 differ 6 between
5 differ 8 throughout
6 between 7 groups
8 throughout 10 test
9 the 10 test

it is possible that in [aerobically] t [subjects] , a lower gip release is partly responsible for a lower postprandial incretin stimulated insulin secretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 possible
3 possible 4 that
4 that 13 release
4 that 14 is
5 in 7 t
5 in 9 ,
5 in 13 release
10 a 13 release
11 lower 13 release
12 gip 13 release
13 release 14 is
14 is 16 responsible
15 partly 16 responsible
16 responsible 17 for
17 for 24 secretion
18 a 24 secretion
19 lower 21 incretin
20 postprandial 21 incretin
21 incretin 22 stimulated
22 stimulated 23 insulin
23 insulin 24 secretion

the performance of many everyday activities requires the coordination of the two upper limbs to achieve the goal of the task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 performance
2 performance 3 of
2 performance 7 requires
3 of 6 activities
4 many 6 activities
5 everyday 6 activities
7 requires 9 coordination
7 requires 15 to
7 requires 16 achieve
8 the 9 coordination
9 coordination 10 of
10 of 14 limbs
11 the 12 two
12 two 14 limbs
13 upper 14 limbs
15 to 16 achieve
16 achieve 18 goal
17 the 18 goal
18 goal 19 of
19 of 21 task
20 the 21 task

although bimanual performance has been studied in detail in adults , few studies have examined how children coordinate the movements of the two hands during symmetric and asymmetric bimanual prehension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 3 performance
1 although 6 studied
1 although 11 ,
1 although 13 studies
2 bimanual 3 performance
3 performance 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 studied
6 studied 7 in
6 studied 9 in
7 in 8 detail
9 in 10 adults
12 few 13 studies
13 studies 14 have
14 have 15 examined
15 examined 16 how
16 how 17 children
16 how 18 coordinate
17 children 18 coordinate
18 coordinate 20 movements
18 coordinate 25 during
19 the 20 movements
20 movements 21 of
21 of 24 hands
22 the 23 two
23 two 24 hands
25 during 30 prehension
26 symmetric 27 and
27 and 28 asymmetric
27 and 30 prehension
29 bimanual 30 prehension

with the current study , we asked younger [(] 4 - 6 years , n = 14 ) and older ( 7 - 10 years , n = 16 ) children to complete a discrete bimanual task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 with 4 study
1 with 5 ,
1 with 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 current 4 study
6 we 7 asked
7 asked 31 children
7 asked 32 to
8 younger 13 years
10 4 11 -
11 - 12 6
11 - 13 years
13 years 16 =
13 years 19 and
14 , 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 17 14
16 = 18 )
19 and 20 older
19 and 31 children
20 older 28 =
21 ( 23 -
22 7 23 -
23 - 25 years
23 - 26 ,
23 - 28 =
24 10 25 years
26 , 28 =
27 n 28 =
28 = 29 16
28 = 30 )
32 to 33 complete
33 complete 37 task
34 a 35 discrete
34 a 37 task
35 discrete 37 task
36 bimanual 37 task

specifically , they reached to grasp cylinders located at near and far positions in either unimanual or bimanual condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reached
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 3 they
3 they 4 reached
4 reached 5 to
4 reached 14 in
5 to 6 grasp
6 grasp 7 cylinders
6 grasp 9 at
7 cylinders 8 located
9 at 13 positions
10 near 11 and
11 and 12 far
11 and 13 positions
14 in 19 condition
15 either 17 or
16 unimanual 17 or
17 or 18 bimanual
17 or 19 condition

during bimanual symmetric conditions , participants performed movements with both hands toward two objects located at the same distance [(] both near or both far ) , while in the bimanual asymmetric conditions , they reached for objects at different distances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 located
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 during 4 conditions
1 during 5 ,
1 during 6 participants
2 bimanual 4 conditions
3 symmetric 4 conditions
6 participants 7 performed
7 performed 8 movements
7 performed 9 with
9 with 11 hands
9 with 15 located
10 both 11 hands
11 hands 12 toward
12 toward 14 objects
13 two 14 objects
15 located 16 at
16 at 19 distance
17 the 18 same
18 same 19 distance
19 distance 21 both
19 distance 22 near
21 both 22 near
23 or 35 they
23 or 36 reached
24 both 25 far
25 far 26 )
25 far 35 they
27 , 28 while
28 while 29 in
28 while 34 ,
28 while 35 they
29 in 33 conditions
30 the 33 conditions
31 bimanual 33 conditions
32 asymmetric 33 conditions
35 they 36 reached
36 reached 37 for
37 for 38 objects
38 objects 39 at
39 at 41 distances
40 different 41 distances

results of the kinematic analyses indicated that the young children consistently experienced the " two target " effect , whereby bimanual movements were executed more slowly than unimanual movements to the same distance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 target
1 results 2 of
1 results 16 target
2 of 5 analyses
3 the 5 analyses
4 kinematic 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 indicated
5 analyses 7 that
5 analyses 12 experienced
7 that 10 children
7 that 12 experienced
8 the 10 children
9 young 10 children
10 children 12 experienced
11 consistently 12 experienced
12 experienced 15 two
13 the 14 "
13 the 15 two
16 target 17 "
16 target 18 effect
16 target 20 whereby
19 , 20 whereby
20 whereby 22 movements
20 whereby 24 executed
20 whereby 34 .
21 bimanual 22 movements
22 movements 23 were
23 were 24 executed
24 executed 26 slowly
24 executed 27 than
24 executed 30 to
25 more 26 slowly
27 than 29 movements
28 unimanual 29 movements
30 to 33 distance
31 the 32 same
32 same 33 distance

older children employed a hybrid strategy , exhibiting slower movements in bimanual congruent conditions , but larger [non] - dominant apertures in bimanual incongruent conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 older 2 children
2 children 3 employed
3 employed 6 strategy
3 employed 16 but
3 employed 22 in
4 a 5 hybrid
4 a 6 strategy
5 hybrid 6 strategy
6 strategy 8 exhibiting
7 , 8 exhibiting
8 exhibiting 10 movements
8 exhibiting 11 in
8 exhibiting 15 ,
9 slower 10 movements
11 in 14 conditions
12 bimanual 14 conditions
13 congruent 14 conditions
16 but 21 apertures
17 larger 19 -
17 larger 21 apertures
20 dominant 21 apertures
22 in 25 conditions
23 bimanual 25 conditions
24 incongruent 25 conditions

this hybrid strategy was hypothesized to stem from developmental changes occurring in the integration of sensory information around 8 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 hybrid
2 hybrid 3 strategy
3 strategy 4 was
4 was 5 hypothesized
5 hypothesized 6 to
5 hypothesized 8 from
5 hypothesized 18 around
6 to 7 stem
8 from 10 changes
9 developmental 10 changes
10 changes 11 occurring
11 occurring 12 in
12 in 14 integration
13 the 14 integration
14 integration 15 of
15 of 17 information
16 sensory 17 information
18 around 20 years
19 8 20 years
20 years 21 of
21 of 22 age

while older children exhibited temporal and spatial coordination patterns that were similar to patterns reported in adults , large relative timing differences at the start and end of bimanual movements and considerably weaker spatial coupling were seen in the younger children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 while 3 children
1 while 6 and
2 older 3 children
3 children 4 exhibited
5 temporal 6 and
6 and 9 patterns
6 and 10 that
6 and 11 were
6 and 15 reported
7 spatial 8 coordination
8 coordination 9 patterns
10 that 11 were
11 were 12 similar
12 similar 13 to
13 to 14 patterns
15 reported 16 in
15 reported 18 ,
15 reported 31 and
15 reported 37 seen
16 in 17 adults
19 large 20 relative
20 relative 21 timing
21 timing 22 differences
22 differences 23 at
22 differences 26 and
23 at 25 start
24 the 25 start
26 and 27 end
26 and 28 of
26 and 31 and
28 of 30 movements
29 bimanual 30 movements
31 and 35 coupling
31 and 36 were
32 considerably 33 weaker
33 weaker 35 coupling
34 spatial 35 coupling
36 were 37 seen
37 seen 38 in
38 in 41 children
39 the 41 children
40 younger 41 children

background : hiv and hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) [infections] may increase interleukin - 6 ( il - 6 ) [and] [c] - reactive protein ( crp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 virus
2 : 13 increase
2 : 24 -
2 : 30 .
3 hiv 4 and
4 and 5 hepatitis
4 and 7 virus
5 hepatitis 6 c
7 virus 9 hcv
7 virus 12 may
8 ( 9 hcv
9 hcv 10 )
12 may 13 increase
13 increase 14 interleukin
14 interleukin 18 il
15 - 18 il
16 6 18 il
17 ( 18 il
18 il 19 -
18 il 20 6
18 il 24 -
19 - 20 6
20 6 21 )
24 - 26 protein
25 reactive 26 protein
26 protein 28 crp
27 ( 28 crp
28 crp 29 )

however , relationships between inflammatory biomarkers , chronic viral infections , clinical factors , and behavioral factors remain poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 relationships
3 relationships 4 between
3 relationships 18 remain
4 between 15 and
5 inflammatory 6 biomarkers
6 biomarkers 7 ,
7 , 10 infections
7 , 11 ,
8 chronic 10 infections
9 viral 10 infections
11 , 13 factors
11 , 15 and
12 clinical 13 factors
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 factors
16 behavioral 17 factors
18 remain 19 poorly
18 remain 20 understood

methods : using linear regression , [we] modeled cross - sectional associations between loge il - 6 or loge crp levels and hcv , hiv , injection drug use , and comorbidity among 1191 injection drug users . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 5 regression
4 linear 5 regression
6 , 9 cross
6 , 10 -
8 modeled 9 cross
10 - 12 associations
10 - 16 -
11 sectional 12 associations
12 associations 13 between
13 between 15 il
14 loge 15 il
16 - 17 6
16 - 18 or
18 or 22 and
18 or 28 drug
19 loge 21 levels
20 crp 21 levels
21 levels 22 and
22 and 27 injection
22 and 28 drug
23 hcv 25 hiv
24 , 25 hiv
25 hiv 26 ,
25 hiv 27 injection
28 drug 31 and
28 drug 33 among
29 use 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 comorbidity
33 among 37 users
34 1191 37 users
35 injection 37 users
36 drug 37 users

results : mean age was 47 years , 46.0 % reported currently injecting drugs , 59.0 % were hcv monoinfected , and 27 % were hcv/hiv coinfected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 age
2 : 5 was
2 : 15 ,
3 mean 4 age
4 age 5 was
5 was 7 years
6 47 7 years
7 years 10 %
8 , 10 %
9 46.0 10 %
10 % 11 reported
10 % 13 injecting
10 % 15 ,
12 currently 13 injecting
13 injecting 14 drugs
15 , 17 %
15 , 18 were
15 , 22 and
16 59.0 17 %
17 % 18 were
18 were 19 hcv
19 hcv 20 monoinfected
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 %
22 and 25 were
23 27 24 %
24 % 25 were
25 were 26 hcv/hiv
26 hcv/hiv 27 coinfected

in multivariable models , higher loge il - 6 [was] associated with hcv monoinfection [ [β] = 0.191 , 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) : 0.043 to 0.339 []] [and] hcv/hiv coinfection ( [β] = 0.394 , 95 % ci : 0.214 to 0.574 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 3 models
2 multivariable 3 models
4 , 7 il
4 , 8 -
5 higher 7 il
6 loge 7 il
8 - 9 6
8 - 19 ,
9 6 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 14 monoinfection
12 with 13 hcv
14 monoinfection 18 0.191
15 [ 18 0.191
17 = 18 0.191
18 0.191 19 ,
19 , 23 interval
19 , 27 :
20 95 23 interval
21 % 22 confidence
22 confidence 23 interval
23 interval 25 ci
23 interval 27 :
24 ( 25 ci
25 ci 26 )
27 : 28 0.043
28 0.043 29 to
28 0.043 38 0.394
29 to 34 coinfection
30 0.339 34 coinfection
33 hcv/hiv 34 coinfection
35 ( 38 0.394
37 = 38 0.394
38 0.394 41 %
38 0.394 48 .
39 , 41 %
40 95 41 %
41 % 42 ci
41 % 43 :
41 % 47 )
42 ci 43 :
43 : 45 to
44 0.214 45 to
45 to 46 0.574

in contrast , hcv monoinfection [(] β = - 0.523 , 95 % ci : - 0.275 to - 0.789 [ )(and hcv/hiv coinfection [(] β = - 0.554 95 % ci : - 0.260 to - 0.847 [ )(were associated with lower crp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 β
4 hcv 5 monoinfection
5 monoinfection 7 β
7 β 8 =
9 - 10 0.523
9 - 19 -
10 0.523 13 %
11 , 13 %
12 95 13 %
13 % 14 ci
13 % 18 to
13 % 19 -
14 ci 15 :
15 : 17 0.275
15 : 18 to
16 - 17 0.275
19 - 20 0.789
19 - 22 )(and
19 - 28 -
22 )(and 26 β
23 hcv/hiv 26 β
24 coinfection 26 β
26 β 27 =
28 - 32 ci
28 - 33 :
29 0.554 32 ci
30 95 32 ci
31 % 32 ci
33 : 35 0.260
33 : 45 .
34 - 35 0.260
35 0.260 36 to
35 0.260 40 )(were
36 to 38 0.847
37 - 38 0.847
40 )(were 41 associated
41 associated 42 with
42 with 44 crp
43 lower 44 crp

lower crp with hcv infection was independent of liver fibrosis severity , synthetic function , or liver injury markers ; crp decreased with higher hcv rna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 crp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
1 lower 2 crp
2 crp 3 with
2 crp 6 was
3 with 5 infection
4 hcv 5 infection
6 was 16 or
7 independent 8 of
7 independent 12 ,
8 of 11 severity
9 liver 11 severity
10 fibrosis 11 severity
12 , 14 function
12 , 16 or
13 synthetic 14 function
15 , 16 or
16 or 19 markers
17 liver 19 markers
18 injury 19 markers
20 ; 21 crp
20 ; 22 decreased
21 crp 22 decreased
22 decreased 23 with
23 with 26 rna
24 higher 26 rna
25 hcv 26 rna
26 rna 27 .

increased injection intensity was associated [with] higher il - 6 ( p = 0.003 ) and crp ( p < 0.001 ) [;] increasing comorbidity ( p < 0.001 [ )( older age ( p = 0.028 ) were associated with higher il - 6 [;] older age was associated with higher crp among hcv - uninfected participants ( p = 0.021 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 injection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
1 increased 2 injection
2 injection 3 intensity
2 injection 4 was
2 injection 5 associated
3 intensity 4 was
5 associated 7 higher
5 associated 16 and
8 il 10 6
8 il 16 and
9 - 10 6
10 6 13 =
10 6 15 )
11 ( 13 =
12 p 13 =
13 = 14 0.003
13 = 15 )
16 and 17 crp
16 and 24 increasing
16 and 28 <
17 crp 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.001
20 < 22 )
24 increasing 25 comorbidity
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001
29 0.001 33 age
29 0.001 39 were
29 0.001 40 associated
29 0.001 41 with
32 older 33 age
33 age 36 =
33 age 39 were
34 ( 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.028
36 = 38 )
41 with 43 il
42 higher 43 il
43 il 45 6
43 il 50 associated
44 - 45 6
45 6 48 age
45 6 49 was
45 6 50 associated
47 older 48 age
48 age 49 was
50 associated 51 with
50 associated 54 among
51 with 53 crp
52 higher 53 crp
54 among 55 hcv
55 hcv 58 participants
56 - 58 participants
57 uninfected 58 participants
58 participants 61 =
58 participants 64 .
59 ( 61 =
60 p 61 =
61 = 62 0.021
61 = 63 )

conclusion : hiv and hcv infections contribute to chronic inflammation ; however , reduced crp possibly occurs through hcv - mediated mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 7 contribute
2 : 11 ;
3 hiv 4 and
4 and 6 infections
4 and 7 contribute
5 hcv 6 infections
7 contribute 8 to
8 to 10 inflammation
9 chronic 10 inflammation
11 ; 15 crp
11 ; 17 occurs
11 ; 20 -
12 however 13 ,
12 however 15 crp
14 reduced 15 crp
15 crp 17 occurs
16 possibly 17 occurs
17 occurs 18 through
18 through 19 hcv
20 - 22 mechanisms
21 mediated 22 mechanisms

findings highlight potentially modifiable contributors to inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 findings 2 highlight
2 highlight 5 contributors
2 highlight 6 to
3 potentially 4 modifiable
4 modifiable 5 contributors
6 to 7 inflammation

importance the [search] for novel alzheimer [disease] ( ad ) genes or pathologic mutations within known ad loci is ongoing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 the
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 importance 2 the
2 the 4 for
2 the 15 within
2 the 19 is
4 for 12 or
5 novel 11 genes
6 alzheimer 9 ad
8 ( 9 ad
9 ad 10 )
9 ad 11 genes
11 genes 12 or
12 or 14 mutations
13 pathologic 14 mutations
15 within 18 loci
16 known 18 loci
17 ad 18 loci
19 is 20 ongoing

the development of array technologies has helped to identify rare recessive mutations among long runs of homozygosity ( rohs ) , in which both parental alleles are identical . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 helped
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 6 has
3 of 5 technologies
4 array 5 technologies
6 has 7 helped
7 helped 8 to
7 helped 9 identify
8 to 9 identify
9 identify 12 mutations
9 identify 13 among
10 rare 12 mutations
11 recessive 12 mutations
13 among 15 runs
14 long 15 runs
15 runs 16 of
15 runs 19 rohs
15 runs 22 in
16 of 17 homozygosity
18 ( 19 rohs
19 rohs 20 )
21 , 22 in
22 in 23 which
22 in 26 alleles
22 in 27 are
22 in 29 .
24 both 26 alleles
25 parental 26 alleles
26 alleles 27 are
27 are 28 identical

caribbean hispanics are known to have an elevated risk for ad and tend to have large families with evidence of inbreeding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hispanics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 caribbean 2 hispanics
2 hispanics 3 are
3 are 4 known
4 known 5 to
4 known 14 to
4 known 15 have
5 to 12 and
6 have 9 risk
6 have 10 for
6 have 12 and
7 an 9 risk
8 elevated 9 risk
10 for 11 ad
12 and 13 tend
14 to 15 have
15 have 17 families
15 have 18 with
16 large 17 families
18 with 19 evidence
19 evidence 20 of
20 of 21 inbreeding

objective to test the hypothesis that the late - onset ad in a caribbean hispanic population might be explained in part by the homozygosity of unknown loci that could harbor recessive ad risk haplotypes or pathologic mutations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 objective 2 to
2 to 3 test
4 the 5 hypothesis
5 hypothesis 6 that
5 hypothesis 19 explained
6 that 11 ad
6 that 18 be
7 the 11 ad
8 late 9 -
8 late 11 ad
10 onset 11 ad
11 ad 12 in
11 ad 17 might
12 in 16 population
13 a 16 population
14 caribbean 15 hispanic
15 hispanic 16 population
17 might 18 be
19 explained 20 in
20 in 35 or
21 part 22 by
21 part 25 of
21 part 35 or
22 by 24 homozygosity
23 the 24 homozygosity
25 of 27 loci
26 unknown 27 loci
27 loci 28 that
27 loci 29 could
28 that 29 could
29 could 30 harbor
30 harbor 34 haplotypes
31 recessive 34 haplotypes
32 ad 34 haplotypes
33 risk 34 haplotypes
35 or 37 mutations
36 pathologic 37 mutations

design we used genome - wide array data to identify rohs ( &gt;1 megabase ) and conducted global burden and locus - specific roh analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 design 2 we
2 we 3 used
3 used 4 genome
5 - 8 data
6 wide 7 array
7 array 8 data
8 data 9 to
8 data 16 and
9 to 16 and
10 identify 11 rohs
10 identify 16 and
11 rohs 14 megabase
12 ( 14 megabase
13 &gt;1 14 megabase
14 megabase 15 )
16 and 17 conducted
16 and 25 analyses
18 global 19 burden
19 burden 20 and
20 and 21 locus
20 and 22 -
20 and 24 roh
23 specific 24 roh
24 roh 25 analyses

setting a whole - genome case - control roh study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 setting 2 a
1 setting 6 case
3 whole 4 -
3 whole 5 genome
5 genome 6 case
7 - 8 control
7 - 11 .
8 control 10 study
9 roh 10 study

participants a caribbean hispanic data set of 547 unrelated cases ( 48.8 % with familial ad ) and 542 controls collected from a population known to have [a] 3 - fold higher risk of ad vs [non] [-] hispanics in the same community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
1 participants 2 a
1 participants 3 caribbean
3 caribbean 5 data
4 hispanic 5 data
5 data 6 set
5 data 7 of
5 data 18 and
7 of 10 cases
8 547 10 cases
9 unrelated 10 cases
10 cases 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 48.8 13 %
13 % 14 with
13 % 17 )
14 with 16 ad
15 familial 16 ad
18 and 20 controls
18 and 21 collected
19 542 20 controls
21 collected 22 from
22 from 24 population
23 a 24 population
24 population 25 known
25 known 26 to
25 known 27 have
26 to 27 have
27 have 29 3
30 - 31 fold
30 - 44 .
31 fold 33 risk
31 fold 40 in
32 higher 33 risk
33 risk 34 of
34 of 39 hispanics
35 ad 36 vs
36 vs 39 hispanics
40 in 43 community
41 the 42 same
41 the 43 community

based on a structure program analysis , our data set consisted of african hispanic ( 207 cases and 192 controls ) and european hispanic ( 329 cases and 326 controls ) participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 consisted
1 based 2 on
1 based 7 ,
1 based 9 data
2 on 6 analysis
3 a 6 analysis
4 structure 6 analysis
5 program 6 analysis
8 our 9 data
9 data 10 set
9 data 11 consisted
11 consisted 12 of
12 of 14 hispanic
13 african 14 hispanic
14 hispanic 22 and
15 ( 22 and
16 207 17 cases
17 cases 18 and
18 and 20 controls
18 and 21 )
18 and 22 and
19 192 20 controls
22 and 32 participants
22 and 33 .
23 european 32 participants
24 hispanic 28 and
24 hispanic 32 participants
25 ( 28 and
26 329 27 cases
27 cases 28 and
28 and 30 controls
28 and 31 )
29 326 30 controls

exposure alzheimer disease risk genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 exposure 2 alzheimer
2 alzheimer 5 genes
3 disease 5 genes
4 risk 5 genes

main outcomes and measures we calculated the total and mean lengths of the rohs per sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 we
5 we 6 calculated
6 calculated 11 lengths
7 the 11 lengths
8 total 9 and
9 and 10 mean
9 and 11 lengths
11 lengths 12 of
12 of 14 rohs
13 the 14 rohs
14 rohs 15 per
15 per 16 sample

global burden measurements among autosomal chromosomes were investigated in cases vs controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 global 2 burden
2 burden 3 measurements
3 measurements 4 among
3 measurements 7 were
4 among 6 chromosomes
5 autosomal 6 chromosomes
7 were 8 investigated
8 investigated 9 in
9 in 10 cases
10 cases 11 vs
11 vs 12 controls

pools of overlapping roh segments ( consensus regions ) were identified , and the case [to] control ratio was calculated for each consensus region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pools
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 pools 2 of
1 pools 8 regions
1 pools 10 were
2 of 3 overlapping
3 overlapping 5 segments
4 roh 5 segments
6 ( 8 regions
7 consensus 8 regions
8 regions 9 )
10 were 11 identified
12 , 13 and
13 and 18 ratio
13 and 20 calculated
14 the 18 ratio
15 case 18 ratio
17 control 18 ratio
18 ratio 19 was
19 was 20 calculated
20 calculated 21 for
21 for 24 region
22 each 24 region
23 consensus 24 region

we formulated the tested hypothesis before data [collection] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 formulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 formulated
2 formulated 5 hypothesis
2 formulated 6 before
3 the 5 hypothesis
4 tested 5 hypothesis
6 before 7 data

results in total , we identified 17 137 autosomal regions with rohs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 results 2 in
2 in 3 total
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 identified
5 we 6 identified
6 identified 10 regions
6 identified 11 with
7 17 10 regions
8 137 10 regions
9 autosomal 10 regions
11 with 12 rohs

the mean length of the roh per person was significantly greater in cases vs controls ( p = .0039[!] ) , and this association was stronger with familial ad ( p = .0005[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 length
2 mean 3 length
3 length 4 of
3 length 9 was
4 of 6 roh
5 the 6 roh
6 roh 7 per
7 per 8 person
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 greater
11 greater 12 in
12 in 13 cases
13 cases 14 vs
14 vs 15 controls
15 controls 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 .0039[!]
18 = 20 )
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 association
22 and 25 was
23 this 24 association
24 association 25 was
25 was 26 stronger
26 stronger 27 with
27 with 29 ad
28 familial 29 ad
29 ad 32 =
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 .0005[!]
32 = 34 )

among the european hispanics , a consensus region at the exoc4 locus was significantly associated with ad even after correction for multiple testing ( empirical [p] value 1 [ emp1 ] , . 0001 ; emp2 [,] . 002 ; 21 ad cases [vs] 2 controls [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 region
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 among 3 european
1 among 8 region
2 the 3 european
4 hispanics 5 ,
4 hispanics 8 region
6 a 8 region
7 consensus 8 region
8 region 9 at
8 region 13 was
9 at 12 locus
10 the 12 locus
11 exoc4 12 locus
13 was 15 associated
14 significantly 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 17 ad
16 with 18 even
16 with 19 after
19 after 20 correction
20 correction 21 for
20 correction 27 value
21 for 23 testing
22 multiple 23 testing
24 ( 27 value
25 empirical 27 value
27 value 28 1
27 value 30 emp1
27 value 32 ,
29 [ 30 emp1
30 emp1 31 ]
33 . 34 0001
33 . 35 ;
33 . 38 .
35 ; 36 emp2
38 . 39 002
38 . 40 ;
38 . 48 )(
40 ; 42 ad
40 ; 43 cases
41 21 42 ad
42 ad 43 cases
43 cases 46 controls
45 2 46 controls

among the african hispanic subset , the most significant [but] nominal association was observed for ctnna3 , a well [-] known ad gene candidate ( emp1 , . 002 ; 10 ad cases [vs] 0 controls [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 )(
1 among 5 subset
1 among 6 ,
1 among 12 association
2 the 5 subset
3 african 5 subset
4 hispanic 5 subset
7 the 12 association
8 most 9 significant
9 significant 11 nominal
11 nominal 12 association
12 association 13 was
13 was 14 observed
14 observed 15 for
15 for 16 ctnna3
16 ctnna3 24 candidate
17 , 24 candidate
18 a 24 candidate
19 well 21 known
21 known 24 candidate
22 ad 24 candidate
23 gene 24 candidate
24 candidate 26 emp1
24 candidate 27 ,
25 ( 26 emp1
26 emp1 27 ,
28 . 29 002
28 . 30 ;
30 ; 32 ad
30 ; 33 cases
31 10 32 ad
32 ad 33 cases
33 cases 36 controls
35 0 36 controls

conclusions and relevance our results show that rohs could significantly contribute to the etiology of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
3 relevance 5 results
4 our 5 results
5 results 6 show
6 show 7 that
7 that 8 rohs
7 that 11 contribute
8 rohs 9 could
9 could 11 contribute
10 significantly 11 contribute
11 contribute 12 to
12 to 14 etiology
13 the 14 etiology
14 etiology 15 of
15 of 16 ad

future studies would require the analysis of larger , relatively inbred data sets that might reveal novel recessive ad genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 would
3 would 4 require
4 require 6 analysis
4 require 16 reveal
5 the 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
6 analysis 14 that
6 analysis 15 might
7 of 13 sets
8 larger 9 ,
8 larger 12 data
10 relatively 11 inbred
11 inbred 12 data
12 data 13 sets
14 that 15 might
16 reveal 20 genes
17 novel 20 genes
18 recessive 20 genes
19 ad 20 genes

the next step is to conduct sequencing of top significant loci in a subset of samples with overlapping rohs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 step
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 next
1 the 3 step
3 step 4 is
4 is 5 to
4 is 12 in
4 is 17 with
5 to 7 sequencing
6 conduct 7 sequencing
7 sequencing 8 of
8 of 11 loci
9 top 11 loci
10 significant 11 loci
12 in 14 subset
13 a 14 subset
14 subset 15 of
15 of 16 samples
17 with 18 overlapping
18 overlapping 19 rohs

models of duration bisection have focused on the effects of stimulus spacing and stimulus modality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 models 2 of
1 models 5 have
2 of 4 bisection
3 duration 4 bisection
5 have 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
7 on 13 and
8 the 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
9 effects 13 and
10 of 11 stimulus
11 stimulus 12 spacing
13 and 15 modality
14 stimulus 15 modality

however , interactions between stimulus spacing and stimulus modality have not been examined systematically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 and
3 interactions 4 between
3 interactions 7 and
4 between 5 stimulus
5 stimulus 6 spacing
7 and 9 modality
7 and 10 have
8 stimulus 9 modality
10 have 11 not
10 have 12 been
12 been 13 examined
13 examined 14 systematically

two duration bisection experiments that address this issue are reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 two 4 experiments
2 duration 4 experiments
3 bisection 4 experiments
4 experiments 5 that
4 experiments 6 address
4 experiments 9 are
5 that 6 address
6 address 8 issue
7 this 8 issue
9 are 10 reported

experiment 1 showed that stimulus spacing influenced the classification of auditory , but not visual , stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 experiment 2 1
1 experiment 3 showed
3 showed 5 stimulus
3 showed 13 but
4 that 5 stimulus
5 stimulus 6 spacing
5 stimulus 10 of
6 spacing 7 influenced
7 influenced 9 classification
8 the 9 classification
9 classification 10 of
11 auditory 13 but
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 not
13 but 15 visual
14 not 15 visual
16 , 17 stimuli

experiment 2 used a wider stimulus range , and showed stimulus spacing effects for both visual and auditory stimuli , although the effects were larger for auditory stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 experiment 2 2
1 experiment 9 and
3 used 7 range
3 used 9 and
4 a 7 range
5 wider 7 range
6 stimulus 7 range
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 showed
9 and 14 for
9 and 21 although
10 showed 11 stimulus
11 stimulus 12 spacing
12 spacing 13 effects
14 for 19 stimuli
15 both 19 stimuli
16 visual 17 and
17 and 18 auditory
17 and 19 stimuli
20 , 21 although
21 although 23 effects
21 although 24 were
21 although 29 .
22 the 23 effects
23 effects 24 were
24 were 25 larger
25 larger 26 for
26 for 28 stimuli
27 auditory 28 stimuli

a version of temporal range frequency theory was applied to the data , and was used to demonstrate that the qualitative pattern of results can be captured with the single assumption that the durations of visual stimuli are less discriminable from one another than are the durations of auditory stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 version
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 a 2 version
2 version 3 of
2 version 8 was
3 of 7 theory
4 temporal 5 range
5 range 6 frequency
6 frequency 7 theory
8 was 14 and
9 applied 10 to
9 applied 14 and
10 to 12 data
11 the 12 data
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 was
15 was 16 used
16 used 17 to
16 used 18 demonstrate
17 to 18 demonstrate
18 demonstrate 19 that
19 that 22 pattern
19 that 27 captured
20 the 22 pattern
21 qualitative 22 pattern
22 pattern 23 of
22 pattern 25 can
23 of 24 results
25 can 26 be
26 be 27 captured
27 captured 28 with
27 captured 40 discriminable
28 with 31 assumption
28 with 39 less
29 the 31 assumption
30 single 31 assumption
31 assumption 32 that
32 that 34 durations
32 that 38 are
33 the 34 durations
34 durations 35 of
34 durations 38 are
35 of 37 stimuli
36 visual 37 stimuli
40 discriminable 41 from
40 discriminable 44 than
41 from 43 another
42 one 43 another
44 than 45 are
45 are 47 durations
46 the 47 durations
47 durations 48 of
48 of 50 stimuli
49 auditory 50 stimuli

background : mixed dementia ( md ) , i.e . [,] the coexistence of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and cerebrovascular disease ( cvd ) , is a common dementia [subtype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 9 i.e
3 mixed 9 i.e
4 dementia 6 md
4 dementia 8 ,
4 dementia 9 i.e
5 ( 6 md
6 md 7 )
10 . 21 and
10 . 27 ,
10 . 33 .
12 the 13 coexistence
13 coexistence 14 of
13 coexistence 21 and
14 of 17 disease
15 alzheimer 16 's
16 's 17 disease
17 disease 19 ad
18 ( 19 ad
19 ad 20 )
21 and 23 disease
21 and 25 cvd
22 cerebrovascular 23 disease
24 ( 25 cvd
25 cvd 26 )
27 , 28 is
28 is 31 dementia
29 a 30 common
29 a 31 dementia
30 common 31 dementia

few studies have attempted to establish the cognitive profiles of mild - moderate md and compare it to the profiles of ad using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 15 and
3 have 4 attempted
3 have 15 and
4 attempted 5 to
4 attempted 6 establish
5 to 6 establish
6 establish 9 profiles
7 the 9 profiles
8 cognitive 9 profiles
9 profiles 10 of
10 of 14 md
11 mild 12 -
11 mild 14 md
13 moderate 14 md
15 and 16 compare
16 compare 17 it
16 compare 18 to
16 compare 23 using
18 to 20 profiles
19 the 20 profiles
20 profiles 21 of
21 of 22 ad
23 using 28 battery
24 a 28 battery
25 comprehensive 27 test
26 neuropsychological 27 test
27 test 28 battery

we aimed to establish the neuropsychological profile of mild - moderate md in relation to mild - moderate ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 establish
3 to 4 establish
4 establish 7 profile
4 establish 15 to
5 the 7 profile
6 neuropsychological 7 profile
7 profile 8 of
8 of 12 md
9 mild 10 -
9 mild 12 md
11 moderate 12 md
13 in 14 relation
14 relation 15 to
15 to 19 ad
16 mild 17 -
16 mild 18 moderate
18 moderate 19 ad

methods : patients with consensus diagnoses of md and ad of mild - moderate severity ( clinical dementia rating [score] of 1 - 2 ) were recruited from a memory clinic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 27 recruited
2 : 32 .
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 7 of
3 patients 26 were
4 with 6 diagnoses
5 consensus 6 diagnoses
7 of 10 ad
8 md 9 and
9 and 10 ad
10 ad 11 of
11 of 15 severity
12 mild 13 -
12 mild 15 severity
14 moderate 15 severity
15 severity 19 rating
16 ( 19 rating
17 clinical 19 rating
18 dementia 19 rating
19 rating 21 of
19 rating 25 )
21 of 23 -
22 1 23 -
23 - 24 2
26 were 27 recruited
27 recruited 28 from
28 from 31 clinic
29 a 31 clinic
30 memory 31 clinic

cognitive performance was measured by a formal neuropsychological battery covering domains of attention , language , verbal and visual memory , visuoconstruction , visuomotor speed and executive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 cognitive 3 was
2 performance 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 by
5 by 9 battery
6 a 9 battery
7 formal 9 battery
8 neuropsychological 9 battery
9 battery 10 covering
9 battery 12 of
10 covering 11 domains
12 of 13 attention
13 attention 15 language
14 , 15 language
15 language 16 ,
16 , 26 and
16 , 28 function
17 verbal 18 and
18 and 19 visual
18 and 20 memory
20 memory 21 ,
21 , 22 visuoconstruction
21 , 23 ,
23 , 25 speed
23 , 26 and
24 visuomotor 25 speed
26 and 27 executive
26 and 28 function

cognitive domain scores are [z] - scores calculated using the mean and sds of the ad group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
1 cognitive 4 are
2 domain 3 scores
3 scores 4 are
6 - 8 calculated
7 scores 8 calculated
8 calculated 9 using
8 calculated 18 .
9 using 12 and
10 the 11 mean
11 mean 12 and
12 and 17 group
13 sds 14 of
13 sds 17 group
14 of 16 ad
15 the 16 ad

ancovas with age and education as covariates were employed to examine differences in mean score difference [of] cognitive domains and subtests between patients with md and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
1 ancovas 2 with
1 ancovas 4 and
2 with 3 age
4 and 5 education
4 and 6 as
4 and 20 and
6 as 7 covariates
8 were 9 employed
8 were 20 and
9 employed 10 to
9 employed 11 examine
10 to 11 examine
11 examine 12 differences
11 examine 13 in
13 in 19 domains
14 mean 15 score
15 score 16 difference
16 difference 19 domains
18 cognitive 19 domains
20 and 21 subtests
20 and 22 between
20 and 24 with
22 between 23 patients
24 with 27 ad
25 md 26 and
26 and 27 ad
27 ad 28 .

results : 151 patients were recruited with the majority of ad ( n=96 , 63.6 % ) and a minority of md ( n=55 , 36.4 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 patients
2 : 6 recruited
3 151 4 patients
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 recruited
6 recruited 7 with
7 with 18 and
8 the 9 majority
9 majority 10 of
9 majority 18 and
10 of 11 ad
11 ad 13 n=96
12 ( 13 n=96
13 n=96 16 %
13 n=96 17 )
14 , 16 %
15 63.6 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 and 20 minority
18 and 21 of
18 and 24 n=55
19 a 20 minority
21 of 22 md
23 ( 24 n=55
24 n=55 27 %
24 n=55 28 )
25 , 27 %
26 36.4 27 %
27 % 28 )

there were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of patients with md and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 10 of
6 in 9 characteristics
7 the 9 characteristics
8 demographic 9 characteristics
10 of 11 patients
11 patients 12 with
12 with 14 and
13 md 14 and
14 and 15 ad

however , patients with md were significantly more impaired than ad patients in global cognitive composite , attention and visuoconstruction ( global cognitive composite [:] - 0.32±0.98 vs 0±1 , p=0.011 ; attention : - 0.32±0.90 vs 0±1 , p=0.013 ; visuoconstruction : - 0.27±0.99 vs 0±1 , p=0.024 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 p=0.024
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 6 were
4 with 5 md
6 were 8 more
6 were 9 impaired
7 significantly 8 more
9 impaired 10 than
9 impaired 13 in
10 than 12 patients
11 ad 12 patients
13 in 19 and
14 global 18 attention
15 cognitive 18 attention
16 composite 17 ,
16 composite 18 attention
18 attention 19 and
19 and 20 visuoconstruction
19 and 27 0.32±0.98
19 and 31 p=0.011
21 ( 27 0.32±0.98
22 global 27 0.32±0.98
23 cognitive 27 0.32±0.98
24 composite 26 -
24 composite 27 0.32±0.98
27 0.32±0.98 28 vs
27 0.32±0.98 30 ,
28 vs 29 0±1
30 , 31 p=0.011
31 p=0.011 32 ;
32 ; 33 attention
32 ; 34 :
32 ; 35 -
33 attention 34 :
35 - 36 0.32±0.90
35 - 41 ;
36 0.32±0.90 37 vs
37 vs 40 p=0.013
38 0±1 39 ,
38 0±1 40 p=0.013
41 ; 42 visuoconstruction
41 ; 43 :
41 ; 44 -
42 visuoconstruction 43 :
44 - 45 0.27±0.99
44 - 48 ,
45 0.27±0.99 46 vs
46 vs 47 0±1
48 , 49 p=0.024
49 p=0.024 51 respectively
50 , 51 respectively
51 respectively 52 )

conclusion : the neuropsychological profile of patients with md of mild - moderate severity is characterized by a poorer global performance [,] as well as attention and visuoconstruction than those with ad of mild - moderate severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 profile
2 : 16 characterized
2 : 38 .
3 the 5 profile
4 neuropsychological 5 profile
5 profile 6 of
5 profile 15 is
6 of 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
8 with 9 md
9 md 10 of
10 of 14 severity
11 mild 12 -
11 mild 13 moderate
13 moderate 14 severity
15 is 16 characterized
16 characterized 17 by
16 characterized 23 as
16 characterized 29 than
17 by 21 performance
18 a 21 performance
19 poorer 21 performance
20 global 21 performance
23 as 27 and
24 well 25 as
24 well 27 and
25 as 26 attention
27 and 28 visuoconstruction
29 than 30 those
29 than 31 with
31 with 32 ad
32 ad 33 of
33 of 37 severity
34 mild 35 -
34 mild 37 severity
36 moderate 37 severity

c - reactive protein ( crp ) participates in the systemic response to inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 c 2 -
2 - 4 protein
3 reactive 4 protein
4 protein 6 crp
4 protein 8 participates
5 ( 6 crp
6 crp 7 )
8 participates 9 in
8 participates 13 to
9 in 12 response
10 the 12 response
11 systemic 12 response
13 to 14 inflammation

previous studies report inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between plasma crp and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 report
3 report 5 findings
4 inconsistent 5 findings
5 findings 6 regarding
6 regarding 8 relationship
6 regarding 9 between
7 the 8 relationship
9 between 12 and
10 plasma 11 crp
11 crp 12 and
12 and 15 disease
12 and 17 ad
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
16 ( 17 ad
17 ad 18 )

we measured plasma crp in 203 subjects with ad , 58 subjects with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and 117 normal aging subjects and administered annual mini - mental state examinations ( mmse ) during a 3 [-] year [follow] - up period to [investigate] crp 's relationship with diagnosis and progression of cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 4 crp
2 measured 5 in
2 measured 8 with
3 plasma 4 crp
5 in 7 subjects
6 203 7 subjects
8 with 9 ad
10 , 20 and
11 58 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 with
12 subjects 20 and
13 with 16 impairment
14 mild 16 impairment
15 cognitive 16 impairment
16 impairment 18 mci
17 ( 18 mci
18 mci 19 )
20 and 23 aging
20 and 25 and
21 117 23 aging
22 normal 23 aging
24 subjects 25 and
25 and 26 administered
25 and 36 during
26 administered 28 mini
27 annual 28 mini
28 mini 34 mmse
29 - 34 mmse
30 mental 31 state
31 state 32 examinations
32 examinations 34 mmse
33 ( 34 mmse
34 mmse 35 )
36 during 40 year
37 a 40 year
38 3 40 year
40 year 52 and
42 - 52 and
43 up 44 period
44 period 45 to
44 period 50 with
44 period 52 and
45 to 49 relationship
47 crp 48 's
48 's 49 relationship
50 with 51 diagnosis
52 and 53 progression
52 and 57 .
53 progression 54 of
54 of 56 decline
55 cognitive 56 decline

adjusted for age , sex , and education , subjects with ad had significantly lower levels of plasma crp than subjects with mci and normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 adjusted 2 for
1 adjusted 9 ,
1 adjusted 10 subjects
2 for 7 and
3 age 4 ,
4 , 5 sex
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 education
10 subjects 11 with
10 subjects 13 had
11 with 12 ad
13 had 16 levels
13 had 20 than
14 significantly 15 lower
15 lower 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
17 of 19 crp
18 plasma 19 crp
20 than 24 and
21 subjects 22 with
21 subjects 24 and
22 with 23 mci
24 and 25 normal
24 and 26 aging

however [,] there was no significant association between plasma crp at baseline and subsequent cognitive decline as assessed by longitudinal changes in mmse score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 however 3 there
1 however 4 was
1 however 24 score
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 association
5 no 7 association
6 significant 7 association
7 association 8 between
8 between 10 crp
9 plasma 10 crp
10 crp 11 at
10 crp 19 by
10 crp 22 in
11 at 13 and
12 baseline 13 and
13 and 16 decline
13 and 18 assessed
14 subsequent 16 decline
15 cognitive 16 decline
17 as 18 assessed
19 by 21 changes
20 longitudinal 21 changes
22 in 23 mmse

our results support previous reports of reduced levels of plasma crp in ad and indicate its potential utility as a biomarker for the diagnosis of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 14 and
3 support 5 reports
3 support 12 in
3 support 14 and
4 previous 5 reports
5 reports 6 of
5 reports 9 of
6 of 8 levels
7 reduced 8 levels
9 of 11 crp
10 plasma 11 crp
12 in 13 ad
14 and 15 indicate
15 indicate 18 utility
15 indicate 19 as
16 its 18 utility
17 potential 18 utility
19 as 21 biomarker
20 a 21 biomarker
21 biomarker 22 for
21 biomarker 25 of
22 for 24 diagnosis
23 the 24 diagnosis
25 of 26 ad

objective : to examine the effect of a multi - component , delirium prevention intervention on rates of incident delirium for patients admitted to specialist elderly care wards . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 admitted
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 effect
4 examine 23 admitted
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
6 effect 18 of
6 effect 23 admitted
7 of 15 intervention
8 a 9 multi
8 a 15 intervention
9 multi 10 -
9 multi 13 delirium
11 component 12 ,
11 component 13 delirium
13 delirium 15 intervention
14 prevention 15 intervention
15 intervention 16 on
16 on 17 rates
18 of 20 delirium
19 incident 20 delirium
20 delirium 21 for
21 for 22 patients
23 admitted 24 to
23 admitted 29 .
24 to 28 wards
25 specialist 28 wards
26 elderly 27 care
27 care 28 wards

design : ['] before ['] and ['] after ['] study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 6 and
4 before 6 and
6 and 8 after
8 after 10 study

setting : three specialist elderly care wards in a general hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 7 wards
3 three 7 wards
4 specialist 7 wards
5 elderly 6 care
6 care 7 wards
7 wards 8 in
8 in 11 hospital
9 a 11 hospital
10 general 11 hospital

subjects : older people admitted as emergencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 subjects 2 :
2 : 4 people
3 older 4 people
4 people 5 admitted
5 admitted 6 as
6 as 7 emergencies

methods : a multi - component delirium prevention intervention that targeted delirium risk factors was implemented by clinical staff . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 intervention
2 : 16 implemented
2 : 20 .
3 a 4 multi
3 a 9 intervention
4 multi 5 -
4 multi 6 component
6 component 8 prevention
7 delirium 8 prevention
8 prevention 9 intervention
9 intervention 10 that
9 intervention 14 factors
9 intervention 15 was
10 that 13 risk
10 that 14 factors
11 targeted 12 delirium
12 delirium 13 risk
13 risk 14 factors
15 was 16 implemented
16 implemented 17 by
17 by 19 staff
18 clinical 19 staff

demographic information and assessments for delirium risk factors were recorded by research staff within 24 h of admission to the ward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 demographic 2 information
2 information 3 and
3 and 4 assessments
3 and 5 for
3 and 9 were
5 for 8 factors
6 delirium 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
9 were 10 recorded
10 recorded 11 by
10 recorded 19 to
11 by 13 staff
12 research 13 staff
13 staff 14 within
14 within 16 h
15 24 16 h
16 h 17 of
17 of 18 admission
19 to 21 ward
20 the 21 ward

new onset [(] incident [ )(delirium was diagnosed by daily research staff assessments using the confusion assessment method and delirium rating scale - revised - 98 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(delirium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 new 6 )(delirium
2 onset 4 incident
4 incident 6 )(delirium
6 )(delirium 7 was
7 was 8 diagnosed
8 diagnosed 9 by
9 by 19 and
10 daily 11 research
11 research 13 assessments
12 staff 13 assessments
13 assessments 14 using
13 assessments 19 and
14 using 18 method
15 the 18 method
16 confusion 17 assessment
17 assessment 18 method
19 and 22 scale
19 and 24 revised
20 delirium 21 rating
21 rating 22 scale
23 - 24 revised
24 revised 25 -
25 - 26 98

results : a total of 436 patients were recruited ( 249 in [the] ['] before ['] [and] 187 in the ['] [after] ['] group ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 9 recruited
2 : 26 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 were
5 of 7 patients
6 436 7 patients
8 were 9 recruited
9 recruited 15 before
10 ( 15 before
11 249 12 in
12 in 15 before
15 before 18 187
15 before 25 )
18 187 19 in
19 in 24 group
20 the 24 group

incident delirium was significantly reduced ( ['] before ['] = 13.3 % [;] ['] after ['] = 4.6 % [;] p = 0.006 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 delirium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 incident 2 delirium
2 delirium 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 reduced
5 reduced 8 before
6 ( 8 before
8 before 12 %
8 before 24 )
10 = 11 13.3
11 13.3 12 %
12 % 15 after
15 after 19 %
17 = 18 4.6
18 4.6 19 %
19 % 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.006

delirium severity and duration were significantly reduced in the ['] [after] ['] group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 delirium 2 severity
2 severity 3 and
3 and 4 duration
3 and 5 were
5 were 6 significantly
5 were 7 reduced
7 reduced 8 in
8 in 13 group
9 the 13 group

mortality , length of stay [,] activities of daily living [score] at discharge and new discharge to residential or nursing home rates were similar for both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 mortality 2 ,
2 , 3 length
2 , 14 and
3 length 4 of
4 of 7 activities
5 stay 7 activities
7 activities 8 of
8 of 10 living
9 daily 10 living
10 living 12 at
12 at 13 discharge
14 and 16 discharge
14 and 17 to
14 and 23 were
15 new 16 discharge
17 to 19 or
18 residential 19 or
19 or 22 rates
20 nursing 21 home
21 home 22 rates
23 were 24 similar
24 similar 25 for
25 for 27 groups
26 both 27 groups

conclusions : a multi - component , delirium prevention intervention directed at delirium risk factors and implemented by local clinical staff can reduce incident delirium on specialist elderly care wards . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 6 component
3 a 4 multi
3 a 6 component
4 multi 5 -
4 multi 6 component
7 , 10 intervention
7 , 23 reduce
8 delirium 10 intervention
9 prevention 10 intervention
10 intervention 11 directed
10 intervention 12 at
10 intervention 16 and
10 intervention 22 can
12 at 14 risk
13 delirium 14 risk
15 factors 16 and
16 and 17 implemented
16 and 18 by
18 by 21 staff
19 local 21 staff
20 clinical 21 staff
22 can 23 reduce
23 reduce 25 delirium
23 reduce 26 on
24 incident 25 delirium
26 on 30 wards
27 specialist 29 care
28 elderly 29 care
29 care 30 wards

background : multi - compartment medication devices ( mmds ) are widely used , primarily by older people , to aid correct - medication taking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 multi
4 - 7 devices
4 - 13 used
4 - 26 .
5 compartment 6 medication
6 medication 7 devices
7 devices 9 mmds
7 devices 11 are
8 ( 9 mmds
9 mmds 10 )
11 are 12 widely
11 are 13 used
13 used 16 by
13 used 20 to
13 used 21 aid
14 , 15 primarily
14 , 16 by
16 by 18 people
16 by 19 ,
17 older 18 people
20 to 21 aid
21 aid 25 taking
22 correct 23 -
22 correct 24 medication
24 medication 25 taking

several mmd types are available yet little is known about the ease with which patients with varying functional ability use these devices and whether some types are easier than others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 several 2 mmd
1 several 3 types
1 several 4 are
2 mmd 3 types
4 are 5 available
4 are 6 yet
6 yet 7 little
7 little 8 is
8 is 9 known
9 known 10 about
10 about 23 and
11 the 12 ease
12 ease 13 with
12 ease 23 and
13 with 14 which
13 with 15 patients
13 with 20 use
15 patients 16 with
15 patients 20 use
16 with 17 varying
17 varying 19 ability
18 functional 19 ability
20 use 22 devices
21 these 22 devices
23 and 24 whether
23 and 26 types
23 and 27 are
23 and 28 easier
25 some 26 types
26 types 27 are
28 easier 29 than
29 than 30 others

such knowledge would assist healthcare practitioners in advising patients on a suitable choice [of] device . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 such 2 knowledge
2 knowledge 3 would
3 would 4 assist
4 assist 6 practitioners
4 assist 7 in
5 healthcare 6 practitioners
7 in 8 advising
8 advising 9 patients
8 advising 10 on
10 on 15 device
11 a 12 suitable
11 a 15 device
12 suitable 15 device
13 choice 15 device

objective : this study investigates the ease with which patients with differing functional ability use three types of mmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 investigates
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigates
5 investigates 7 ease
6 the 7 ease
7 ease 8 with
8 with 9 which
8 with 10 patients
8 with 15 use
10 patients 11 with
10 patients 15 use
11 with 14 ability
12 differing 14 ability
13 functional 14 ability
15 use 17 types
16 three 17 types
17 types 18 of
18 of 19 mmd

method : participants were recruited from an older person 's medical ward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 5 recruited
2 : 13 .
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 recruited
5 recruited 6 from
6 from 12 ward
7 an 9 person
8 older 9 person
9 person 10 's
10 's 12 ward
11 medical 12 ward

demographic and medication information , cognitive function , visual acuity and manual dexterity were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 demographic 2 and
2 and 4 information
2 and 5 ,
3 medication 4 information
5 , 7 function
5 , 8 ,
6 cognitive 7 function
8 , 10 acuity
8 , 11 and
9 visual 10 acuity
11 and 13 dexterity
11 and 14 were
12 manual 13 dexterity
14 were 15 recorded

the venalink® , nomad clear® and dosett® mmds were tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 venalink®
2 venalink® 3 ,
3 , 5 clear®
3 , 6 and
4 nomad 5 clear®
6 and 8 mmds
6 and 9 were
7 dosett® 8 mmds
9 were 10 tested

participants rated each mmd according to text readability , ease of opening , ease of medication removal , transportability and overall rating . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 participants 2 rated
2 rated 3 each
2 rated 4 mmd
2 rated 6 to
5 according 6 to
6 to 8 readability
7 text 8 readability
8 readability 10 ease
9 , 10 ease
10 ease 11 of
10 ease 13 ,
11 of 12 opening
13 , 20 and
14 ease 15 of
14 ease 18 ,
15 of 17 removal
16 medication 17 removal
18 , 19 transportability
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 overall
20 and 22 rating

these ratings were compared between mmds for all patients and for subgroups with differing functional abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ratings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 ratings
2 ratings 3 were
3 were 4 compared
4 compared 5 between
4 compared 13 with
5 between 6 mmds
6 mmds 10 and
7 for 9 patients
7 for 10 and
8 all 9 patients
10 and 11 for
11 for 12 subgroups
13 with 16 abilities
14 differing 16 abilities
15 functional 16 abilities

results : the mmds were trialled by 50 patients ; the majority rated text readability well but rated mmds poorly according to the other criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 mmds
2 : 6 trialled
2 : 10 ;
3 the 4 mmds
4 mmds 5 were
5 were 6 trialled
6 trialled 7 by
7 by 9 patients
8 50 9 patients
10 ; 12 majority
10 ; 17 but
11 the 12 majority
12 majority 17 but
13 rated 16 well
13 rated 17 but
14 text 16 well
15 readability 16 well
17 but 18 rated
18 rated 19 mmds
18 rated 20 poorly
18 rated 22 to
21 according 22 to
22 to 25 criteria
23 the 24 other
24 other 25 criteria

cognitively impaired participants may encounter difficulties in opening and removing medication from venalink® and nomad® . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 encounter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cognitively 2 impaired
2 impaired 3 participants
3 participants 4 may
4 may 5 encounter
5 encounter 9 and
6 difficulties 7 in
6 difficulties 9 and
7 in 8 opening
9 and 11 medication
9 and 12 from
10 removing 11 medication
12 from 14 and
13 venalink® 14 and
14 and 15 nomad®

the dosett® consistently rated better across all criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dosett®
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 dosett®
2 dosett® 4 rated
3 consistently 4 rated
4 rated 5 better
5 better 6 across
6 across 8 criteria
7 all 8 criteria

transportability was the most influential criterion for overall mmd usability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 transportability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 transportability 2 was
2 was 6 criterion
2 was 10 usability
3 the 6 criterion
4 most 5 influential
5 influential 6 criterion
6 criterion 7 for
7 for 8 overall
8 overall 9 mmd

conclusion : the poor patient rating of mmds which are widely used in practice is of concern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 patient
2 : 15 is
2 : 18 .
3 the 5 patient
4 poor 5 patient
5 patient 6 rating
5 patient 7 of
5 patient 15 is
7 of 8 mmds
8 mmds 9 which
8 mmds 10 are
9 which 10 are
10 are 12 used
11 widely 12 used
12 used 13 in
13 in 14 practice
15 is 16 of
16 of 17 concern

some mmds may be difficult to open and access , especially for patients with cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mmds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 some 2 mmds
2 mmds 8 and
3 may 4 be
3 may 8 and
4 be 5 difficult
5 difficult 6 to
5 difficult 7 open
6 to 7 open
8 and 9 access
8 and 12 for
10 , 11 especially
10 , 12 for
12 for 13 patients
12 for 17 .
13 patients 14 with
14 with 16 impairment
15 cognitive 16 impairment

this offers some guidance to health professionals in advising patients on [mmd] choice however , overall mmd rating appears dominated by transportability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 offers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 offers
2 offers 3 some
2 offers 4 guidance
2 offers 5 to
2 offers 8 in
5 to 7 professionals
6 health 7 professionals
8 in 9 advising
9 advising 10 patients
9 advising 11 on
9 advising 16 overall
9 advising 19 appears
11 on 13 choice
14 however 15 ,
14 however 16 overall
16 overall 17 mmd
16 overall 18 rating
16 overall 19 appears
19 appears 20 dominated
20 dominated 21 by
21 by 22 transportability

background : although maintaining activity is key to successful pain management , and important to health and wellbeing , it is known that older people in pain frequently alter or reduce activity levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 although
3 although 20 it
4 maintaining 5 activity
4 maintaining 7 key
4 maintaining 19 ,
4 maintaining 20 it
5 activity 6 is
6 is 7 key
7 key 8 to
7 key 17 and
8 to 10 pain
9 successful 10 pain
11 management 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 important
13 and 15 to
13 and 17 and
15 to 16 health
17 and 18 wellbeing
20 it 21 is
21 is 22 known
22 known 23 that
23 that 25 people
23 that 30 or
24 older 25 people
25 people 26 in
25 people 30 or
26 in 27 pain
28 frequently 29 alter
29 alter 30 or
30 or 31 reduce
31 reduce 33 levels
32 activity 33 levels

a ['] fear [-] avoidance ['] model is often used to explain avoidance of activity in the face of pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 7 model
3 fear 7 model
5 avoidance 7 model
7 model 8 is
8 is 10 used
9 often 10 used
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 explain
11 to 12 explain
12 explain 13 avoidance
12 explain 16 in
13 avoidance 14 of
14 of 15 activity
16 in 18 face
17 the 18 face
18 face 19 of
19 of 20 pain

however , this model is not intended to take [account] [of] the wider context in which activity changes take place [,] nor older people 's own explanations for their behaviour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 intended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 model
3 this 4 model
4 model 5 is
5 is 6 not
5 is 7 intended
7 intended 8 to
7 intended 9 take
8 to 9 take
9 take 22 nor
12 the 14 context
13 wider 14 context
14 context 15 in
14 context 22 nor
15 in 16 which
15 in 17 activity
15 in 18 changes
15 in 20 place
16 which 17 activity
18 changes 20 place
19 take 20 place
22 nor 27 explanations
22 nor 28 for
23 older 24 people
24 people 25 's
25 's 26 own
25 's 27 explanations
28 for 30 behaviour
29 their 30 behaviour

objective : to investigate the reasons why older people in the community adjust their activity levels when living with chronic pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 22 .
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 reasons
5 the 6 reasons
6 reasons 7 why
7 why 9 people
7 why 13 adjust
8 older 9 people
9 people 10 in
9 people 13 adjust
10 in 12 community
11 the 12 community
13 adjust 16 levels
13 adjust 17 when
14 their 16 levels
15 activity 16 levels
17 when 18 living
18 living 19 with
19 with 21 pain
20 chronic 21 pain

methods : thirty - one people aged between 67 and 92 were purposively sampled from respondents to a community - based cross - sectional survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 thirty
2 : 14 sampled
2 : 20 -
3 thirty 6 people
3 thirty 7 aged
3 thirty 12 were
4 - 5 one
5 one 6 people
6 people 7 aged
7 aged 8 between
8 between 10 and
9 67 10 and
10 and 11 92
12 were 13 purposively
12 were 14 sampled
14 sampled 15 from
14 sampled 17 to
15 from 16 respondents
17 to 19 community
18 a 19 community
20 - 22 cross
20 - 23 -
21 based 22 cross
23 - 25 survey
23 - 26 .
24 sectional 25 survey

all participants had reported long - term pain and were interviewed about this . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 had
3 had 9 and
4 reported 8 pain
4 reported 9 and
5 long 6 -
5 long 7 term
7 term 8 pain
9 and 10 were
10 were 11 interviewed
11 interviewed 12 about
12 about 13 this

data were collected and analysed using a qualitative constructivist grounded theory approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 data 4 and
1 data 12 approach
2 were 3 collected
2 were 4 and
4 and 5 analysed
5 analysed 6 using
5 analysed 10 grounded
6 using 9 constructivist
6 using 10 grounded
7 a 8 qualitative
7 a 9 constructivist
8 qualitative 9 constructivist
10 grounded 11 theory

findings : explanations for deliberative reduction or ceasing of activities reflected a desire to prevent pain exacerbation , thereby avoiding medical intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
1 findings 2 :
2 : 3 explanations
3 explanations 4 for
4 for 6 reduction
5 deliberative 6 reduction
7 or 8 ceasing
7 or 11 reflected
8 ceasing 9 of
8 ceasing 11 reflected
9 of 10 activities
11 reflected 13 desire
11 reflected 20 avoiding
12 a 13 desire
13 desire 14 to
13 desire 15 prevent
14 to 15 prevent
15 prevent 17 exacerbation
16 pain 17 exacerbation
18 , 20 avoiding
19 thereby 20 avoiding
20 avoiding 22 intervention
20 avoiding 23 .
21 medical 22 intervention

it also reflected a desire to safeguard autonomy in the face of pain in older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 3 reflected
2 also 3 reflected
3 reflected 5 desire
4 a 5 desire
5 desire 6 to
5 desire 7 safeguard
6 to 7 safeguard
7 safeguard 8 autonomy
7 safeguard 9 in
7 safeguard 14 in
9 in 11 face
10 the 11 face
11 face 12 of
12 of 13 pain
14 in 16 age
15 older 16 age

restrictions were often rationalised as normal in older age , although co - existing accounts of perseverance and frustration with limitation were also evident . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 restrictions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rationalised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 restrictions 2 were
2 were 3 often
2 were 4 rationalised
4 rationalised 6 normal
5 as 6 normal
6 normal 7 in
7 in 9 age
8 older 9 age
10 , 15 accounts
10 , 22 were
11 although 12 co
11 although 13 -
11 although 15 accounts
14 existing 15 accounts
15 accounts 16 of
15 accounts 22 were
16 of 18 and
17 perseverance 18 and
18 and 19 frustration
18 and 20 with
20 with 21 limitation
22 were 23 also
22 were 24 evident

conclusions : a rational desire to avoid pain exacerbation and medical intervention motivated restrictions to activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 desire
3 a 5 desire
4 rational 5 desire
5 desire 6 to
5 desire 7 avoid
6 to 7 avoid
7 avoid 9 exacerbation
8 pain 9 exacerbation
10 and 12 intervention
10 and 13 motivated
11 medical 12 intervention
12 intervention 13 motivated
13 motivated 14 restrictions
13 motivated 15 to
15 to 16 activity

however , deliberative limitation of activity has the potential to compromise autonomy by increasing social isolation and [de] [-] conditioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 limitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 limitation
3 deliberative 4 limitation
4 limitation 5 of
4 limitation 7 has
5 of 6 activity
7 has 9 potential
8 the 9 potential
9 potential 10 to
10 to 17 and
11 compromise 12 autonomy
12 autonomy 13 by
12 autonomy 17 and
13 by 14 increasing
14 increasing 16 isolation
15 social 16 isolation
17 and 20 conditioning

supporting older people with pain to be active requires sensitivity to the function of activity [restriction] , especially as a means of preventing deterioration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 supporting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 requires
1 supporting 3 people
1 supporting 4 with
1 supporting 6 to
1 supporting 9 requires
2 older 3 people
4 with 5 pain
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 active
9 requires 10 sensitivity
9 requires 11 to
11 to 13 function
12 the 13 function
13 function 14 of
14 of 15 activity
15 activity 19 as
17 , 18 especially
17 , 19 as
19 as 21 means
19 as 25 .
20 a 21 means
21 means 22 of
22 of 23 preventing
23 preventing 24 deterioration

background : the aim of this study was to examine morphometric features of the cerebral surface in adolescent and adult female subjects with bulimia nervosa ( bn ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 examine
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 12 features
11 morphometric 12 features
12 features 13 of
12 features 23 with
12 features 27 bn
13 of 16 surface
14 the 16 surface
15 cerebral 16 surface
16 surface 17 in
17 in 19 and
18 adolescent 19 and
19 and 22 subjects
20 adult 21 female
21 female 22 subjects
23 with 25 nervosa
24 bulimia 25 nervosa
26 ( 27 bn
27 bn 28 )

methods : anatomical magnetic resonance images were acquired from 34 adolescent and adult female subjects with bn and 34 healthy age - matched control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 images
2 : 8 acquired
2 : 12 and
2 : 26 .
3 anatomical 6 images
4 magnetic 5 resonance
5 resonance 6 images
6 images 7 were
7 were 8 acquired
8 acquired 9 from
8 acquired 11 adolescent
9 from 10 34
12 and 15 subjects
12 and 24 control
13 adult 15 subjects
14 female 15 subjects
15 subjects 16 with
15 subjects 23 matched
15 subjects 24 control
16 with 18 and
17 bn 18 and
18 and 21 age
18 and 22 -
19 34 21 age
20 healthy 21 age
24 control 25 subjects

we compared the groups in the morphological characteristics of their cerebral surfaces while controlling for age and illness duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 groups
2 compared 5 in
2 compared 13 while
3 the 4 groups
5 in 8 characteristics
6 the 8 characteristics
7 morphological 8 characteristics
8 characteristics 9 of
9 of 12 surfaces
10 their 12 surfaces
11 cerebral 12 surfaces
13 while 14 controlling
14 controlling 15 for
14 controlling 19 duration
15 for 17 and
16 age 17 and
17 and 18 illness

results : significant reductions of local volumes on the brain surface were detected in frontal and temporoparietal areas in the bn compared with control participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 reductions
2 : 13 detected
3 significant 4 reductions
4 reductions 5 of
4 reductions 12 were
5 of 7 volumes
6 local 7 volumes
7 volumes 8 on
8 on 11 surface
9 the 11 surface
10 brain 11 surface
12 were 13 detected
13 detected 14 in
13 detected 19 in
14 in 16 and
15 frontal 16 and
16 and 18 areas
17 temporoparietal 18 areas
19 in 21 bn
20 the 21 bn
21 bn 22 compared
22 compared 23 with
23 with 25 participants
24 control 25 participants

reductions in inferior frontal regions correlated inversely with symptom severity , age , and stroop interference scores in the bn group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 reductions 2 in
1 reductions 14 and
2 in 5 regions
3 inferior 5 regions
4 frontal 5 regions
5 regions 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 inversely
6 correlated 8 with
8 with 10 severity
9 symptom 10 severity
10 severity 12 age
11 , 12 age
12 age 13 ,
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 stroop
14 and 16 interference
14 and 17 scores
14 and 21 group
16 interference 17 scores
17 scores 18 in
18 in 20 bn
19 the 20 bn

conclusions : these findings suggest that local volumes of inferior frontal regions are smaller in individuals with bn compared with healthy individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 12 regions
5 suggest 13 are
6 that 7 local
7 local 8 volumes
8 volumes 9 of
8 volumes 12 regions
9 of 12 regions
10 inferior 12 regions
11 frontal 12 regions
12 regions 13 are
13 are 14 smaller
14 smaller 15 in
14 smaller 17 with
15 in 16 individuals
17 with 18 bn
18 bn 19 compared
19 compared 20 with
20 with 22 individuals
21 healthy 22 individuals

these reductions along the cerebral surface might contribute to functional deficits in self [-] regulation and to the persistence of these deficits over development in bn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reductions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 reductions
2 reductions 3 along
2 reductions 7 might
3 along 6 surface
4 the 6 surface
5 cerebral 6 surface
7 might 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
8 contribute 23 over
8 contribute 25 in
9 to 11 deficits
10 functional 11 deficits
11 deficits 16 and
12 in 15 regulation
12 in 16 and
13 self 15 regulation
16 and 17 to
17 to 19 persistence
18 the 19 persistence
19 persistence 20 of
20 of 22 deficits
21 these 22 deficits
23 over 24 development
25 in 26 bn

background : even with healthy and active aging , many older adults will experience a decrease in physical capacities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 9 ,
3 even 4 with
3 even 9 ,
4 with 6 and
5 healthy 6 and
6 and 7 active
6 and 8 aging
9 , 14 experience
10 many 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 13 will
13 will 14 experience
14 experience 16 decrease
14 experience 17 in
15 a 16 decrease
17 in 19 capacities
18 physical 19 capacities

this decrease might be associated with diminished functional autonomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 might
3 might 4 be
4 be 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 autonomy
7 diminished 9 autonomy
8 functional 9 autonomy

however , little is known about the physical capacities associated with functional autonomy in older women and men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
6 about 9 capacities
7 the 9 capacities
8 physical 9 capacities
9 capacities 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 in
11 with 13 autonomy
12 functional 13 autonomy
14 in 17 and
15 older 16 women
16 women 17 and
17 and 18 men

objective : this study aimed to examine gender - specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older women and men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 8 gender
9 - 15 and
10 specific 11 associations
11 associations 12 between
11 associations 15 and
12 between 14 autonomy
13 functional 14 autonomy
15 and 17 capacities
15 and 18 in
16 physical 17 capacities
18 in 22 and
19 independent 21 women
20 older 21 women
21 women 22 and
22 and 23 men

methods : secondary analyses were carried out using cross [-] sectional data from 652 women and 613 men who participated in the nuage longitudinal study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 secondary
2 : 6 carried
3 secondary 4 analyses
3 secondary 5 were
3 secondary 6 carried
4 analyses 5 were
6 carried 7 out
7 out 8 using
7 out 21 in
8 using 12 data
8 using 13 from
9 cross 12 data
11 sectional 12 data
13 from 16 and
14 652 15 women
15 women 16 and
16 and 18 men
16 and 19 who
16 and 20 participated
17 613 18 men
19 who 20 participated
21 in 25 study
22 the 25 study
23 nuage 25 study
24 longitudinal 25 study

the " functional autonomy measurement system " ( smaf ) was used to evaluate functional autonomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 "
1 the 6 system
3 functional 4 autonomy
4 autonomy 6 system
5 measurement 6 system
6 system 7 "
6 system 9 smaf
6 system 11 was
8 ( 9 smaf
9 smaf 10 )
11 was 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 evaluate
13 to 14 evaluate
14 evaluate 16 autonomy
15 functional 16 autonomy

the physical capacities measured ( tests used ) were : biceps and quadriceps strength ( microfet dynamometer ) , grip strength ( martin vigorimeter ) , unipodal balance , changing position [&] walking ( timed up and [go] [ )( normal [&] fast walking ( four - meter walking speed [ )(and changing position ( chair stand ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 capacities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 the 3 capacities
2 physical 3 capacities
3 capacities 4 measured
3 capacities 6 tests
3 capacities 9 were
5 ( 6 tests
6 tests 7 used
6 tests 8 )
10 : 12 and
10 : 19 ,
11 biceps 12 and
12 and 14 strength
12 and 17 dynamometer
13 quadriceps 14 strength
15 ( 17 dynamometer
16 microfet 17 dynamometer
17 dynamometer 18 )
19 , 20 grip
19 , 26 ,
20 grip 21 strength
21 strength 24 vigorimeter
22 ( 24 vigorimeter
23 martin 24 vigorimeter
24 vigorimeter 25 )
26 , 37 and
27 unipodal 28 balance
28 balance 29 ,
29 , 31 position
29 , 37 and
30 changing 31 position
31 position 33 walking
33 walking 35 timed
33 walking 36 up
34 ( 35 timed
37 and 41 normal
37 and 44 walking
43 fast 44 walking
44 walking 47 -
45 ( 47 -
46 four 47 -
47 - 48 meter
47 - 59 .
48 meter 49 walking
49 walking 52 )(and
50 speed 52 )(and
52 )(and 54 position
52 )(and 57 stand
53 changing 54 position
55 ( 57 stand
56 chair 57 stand
57 stand 58 )

correlation and multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age , depressive symptoms and body composition were performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 and 13 and
2 and 16 were
3 multiple 6 analyses
4 linear 5 regression
5 regression 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 adjusted
6 analyses 10 ,
7 adjusted 8 for
8 for 9 age
10 , 12 symptoms
10 , 13 and
11 depressive 12 symptoms
13 and 15 composition
13 and 16 were
14 body 15 composition
16 were 17 performed

results : on average , participants were aged 73 years and had mild to moderate functional autonomy loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 on
3 on 6 participants
4 average 5 ,
4 average 6 participants
6 participants 11 and
6 participants 13 mild
7 were 10 years
7 were 11 and
8 aged 10 years
9 73 10 years
11 and 12 had
13 mild 14 to
14 to 18 loss
15 moderate 17 autonomy
16 functional 17 autonomy
17 autonomy 18 loss

in women , after controlling for age , depressive symptoms and body composition , greater functional autonomy was best explained by faster changing position [&] walking skills and superior biceps strength [(] r ( 2 )=0.46 [;] p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 autonomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 2 women
1 in 3 ,
1 in 17 autonomy
3 , 4 after
4 after 5 controlling
4 after 14 ,
4 after 17 autonomy
5 controlling 6 for
5 controlling 13 composition
6 for 11 and
7 age 8 ,
8 , 10 symptoms
8 , 11 and
9 depressive 10 symptoms
11 and 12 body
15 greater 17 autonomy
16 functional 17 autonomy
17 autonomy 18 was
18 was 19 best
18 was 20 explained
20 explained 21 by
21 by 28 and
22 faster 24 position
23 changing 24 position
24 position 26 walking
24 position 28 and
26 walking 27 skills
28 and 31 strength
28 and 38 p<0.001
29 superior 31 strength
30 biceps 31 strength
31 strength 33 r
34 ( 38 p<0.001
35 2 36 )=0.46
36 )=0.46 38 p<0.001
38 p<0.001 39 )

after controlling for depressive symptoms , faster changing position [&] walking skills and better unipodal balance best explained greater functional autonomy in men [(] r ( 2 )=0.21 ; p<0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 best
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 p<0.001
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 )(
1 after 2 controlling
1 after 6 ,
1 after 13 and
2 controlling 3 for
3 for 5 symptoms
4 depressive 5 symptoms
7 faster 9 position
8 changing 9 position
9 position 11 walking
9 position 13 and
11 walking 12 skills
13 and 16 balance
13 and 17 best
14 better 16 balance
15 unipodal 16 balance
17 best 21 autonomy
18 explained 21 autonomy
19 greater 21 autonomy
20 functional 21 autonomy
21 autonomy 22 in
22 in 23 men
23 men 25 r
23 men 28 )=0.21
26 ( 28 )=0.21
27 2 28 )=0.21
28 )=0.21 29 ;
29 ; 30 p<0.001

conclusion : according to these results , physical capacities are moderately [associated] with functional autonomy among independent older adults , especially women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 to
3 according 4 to
4 to 6 results
5 these 6 results
7 , 9 capacities
7 , 10 are
8 physical 9 capacities
9 capacities 10 are
10 are 11 moderately
10 are 13 with
10 are 16 among
13 with 15 autonomy
14 functional 15 autonomy
16 among 19 adults
17 independent 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
19 adults 22 women
20 , 21 especially
20 , 22 women
22 women 23 .

the objective of this study is to examine the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in peruvian navy veteran 's older adults and family members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 11 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 examine
6 is 11 and
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 prevalence
9 the 10 prevalence
11 and 12 factors
12 factors 13 associated
12 factors 14 with
12 factors 16 in
14 with 15 frailty
16 in 25 members
17 peruvian 25 members
18 navy 19 veteran
19 veteran 20 's
20 's 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 and
23 and 24 family
23 and 25 members

a total of 311 [non] - institutionalized men and women aged 60 years and older , from the geriatrics service of the peruvian navy medical center ( centro médico naval " cirujano mayor santiago távara " ) were assessed between may and october 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 9 and
2 total 38 were
3 of 4 311
6 - 9 and
7 institutionalized 8 men
8 men 9 and
9 and 10 women
9 and 17 from
9 and 37 )
10 women 11 aged
11 aged 14 and
12 60 13 years
13 years 14 and
14 and 15 older
16 , 17 from
17 from 20 service
17 from 37 )
18 the 20 service
19 geriatrics 20 service
20 service 21 of
20 service 35 távara
21 of 26 center
22 the 23 peruvian
23 peruvian 26 center
24 navy 25 medical
25 medical 26 center
27 ( 35 távara
28 centro 29 médico
29 médico 30 naval
30 naval 31 "
30 naval 32 cirujano
32 cirujano 33 mayor
33 mayor 35 távara
34 santiago 35 távara
35 távara 36 "
35 távara 37 )
38 were 39 assessed
39 assessed 40 between
40 between 42 and
41 may 42 and
42 and 43 october
43 october 44 2010

additionally , information on socio - demographic factors , medical conditions , depressive symptoms , disability , and cognitive function were obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 18 and
3 information 4 on
3 information 12 ,
4 on 11 conditions
5 socio 8 factors
5 socio 9 ,
5 socio 11 conditions
6 - 8 factors
7 demographic 8 factors
8 factors 9 ,
10 medical 11 conditions
12 , 14 symptoms
12 , 15 ,
13 depressive 14 symptoms
15 , 16 disability
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 function
18 and 21 were
19 cognitive 20 function
21 were 22 obtained

of the 311 participants , 78 ( 25.1 % ) were not frail , 147 ( 47.3 % ) were pre - frail , [and] 86 ( 27.8 % ) were frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 147
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 of 4 participants
1 of 14 ,
1 of 15 147
2 the 3 311
3 311 4 participants
4 participants 13 frail
5 , 13 frail
6 78 9 %
6 78 11 were
7 ( 9 %
8 25.1 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 were 12 not
12 not 13 frail
13 frail 14 ,
15 147 18 %
15 147 20 were
16 ( 18 %
17 47.3 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 were 21 pre
22 - 26 86
22 - 31 were
22 - 33 .
23 frail 24 ,
23 frail 26 86
26 86 29 %
26 86 31 were
27 ( 29 %
28 27.8 29 %
29 % 30 )
31 were 32 frail

using logistic regression analysis , we found that older age , being married , falls in the last year and disability were factors significantly associated with being frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 using 4 analysis
1 using 5 ,
1 using 6 we
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
6 we 7 found
7 found 8 that
8 that 10 age
8 that 15 falls
9 older 10 age
10 age 12 being
10 age 15 falls
11 , 12 being
12 being 13 married
12 being 14 ,
15 falls 16 in
16 in 19 year
17 the 19 year
18 last 19 year
20 and 21 disability
20 and 22 were
21 disability 22 were
22 were 23 factors
22 were 26 with
23 factors 25 associated
24 significantly 25 associated
26 with 27 being
27 being 28 frail

we conclude that prevalence of pre - frail and frail status in peruvian navy veterans and family members is high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 4 prevalence
3 that 19 is
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 19 is
5 of 11 status
6 pre 7 -
6 pre 11 status
8 frail 9 and
9 and 10 frail
9 and 11 status
11 status 12 in
12 in 16 and
13 peruvian 15 veterans
14 navy 15 veterans
15 veterans 16 and
16 and 18 members
17 family 18 members
19 is 20 high

our data reports risk factors for frailty that have been reported in the past in other population groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 reports
3 reports 5 factors
3 reports 12 in
3 reports 15 in
4 risk 5 factors
5 factors 6 for
5 factors 8 that
5 factors 9 have
6 for 7 frailty
8 that 9 have
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 reported
12 in 14 past
13 the 14 past
15 in 18 groups
16 other 18 groups
17 population 18 groups

a larger sample and longitudinal follow - up [are] needed to design and implement comprehensive geriatric interventions that can benefit peruvian navy veteran 's older adults at risk of becoming frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 a 3 sample
2 larger 3 sample
3 sample 4 and
4 and 5 longitudinal
4 and 6 follow
7 - 13 and
7 - 32 .
8 up 13 and
10 needed 11 to
10 needed 13 and
11 to 12 design
13 and 14 implement
14 implement 17 interventions
15 comprehensive 17 interventions
16 geriatric 17 interventions
17 interventions 18 that
17 interventions 19 can
18 that 19 can
19 can 20 benefit
20 benefit 26 adults
20 benefit 27 at
21 peruvian 23 veteran
22 navy 23 veteran
23 veteran 24 's
24 's 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
27 at 28 risk
28 risk 29 of
29 of 30 becoming
30 becoming 31 frail

neurodegenerative diseases ( nds ) are defined by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the central nervous system ( cns ) , and only neuropathological examination enables a definitive diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 neurodegenerative 2 diseases
2 diseases 4 nds
2 diseases 6 are
3 ( 4 nds
4 nds 5 )
6 are 7 defined
7 defined 8 by
7 defined 15 in
8 by 10 accumulation
9 the 10 accumulation
10 accumulation 11 of
11 of 14 deposits
12 abnormal 13 protein
13 protein 14 deposits
15 in 19 system
16 the 19 system
17 central 19 system
18 nervous 19 system
19 system 21 cns
20 ( 21 cns
21 cns 22 )
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 only
24 and 27 examination
24 and 28 enables
26 neuropathological 27 examination
27 examination 28 enables
28 enables 31 diagnosis
29 a 30 definitive
29 a 31 diagnosis
30 definitive 31 diagnosis

brain banks and their associated scientific programs have shaped the actual knowledge of nds , identifying [and] characterizing the cns deposits that define new diseases , formulating staging schemes , and establishing correlations between neuropathological changes and clinical features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 brain 2 banks
3 and 7 programs
3 and 9 shaped
4 their 7 programs
5 associated 7 programs
6 scientific 7 programs
7 programs 8 have
8 have 9 shaped
9 shaped 31 and
10 the 12 knowledge
11 actual 12 knowledge
12 knowledge 13 of
12 knowledge 15 ,
13 of 14 nds
15 , 16 identifying
15 , 31 and
16 identifying 18 characterizing
18 characterizing 21 deposits
18 characterizing 27 formulating
19 the 21 deposits
20 cns 21 deposits
21 deposits 22 that
21 deposits 23 define
22 that 23 define
23 define 25 diseases
24 new 25 diseases
26 , 27 formulating
27 formulating 29 schemes
27 formulating 30 ,
28 staging 29 schemes
31 and 33 correlations
31 and 34 between
32 establishing 33 correlations
34 between 37 and
35 neuropathological 36 changes
36 changes 37 and
37 and 39 features
38 clinical 39 features

however , brain banks have evolved to accommodate the banking of biofluids as well as dna and rna samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evolved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 brain
3 brain 4 banks
3 brain 5 have
3 brain 6 evolved
4 banks 5 have
6 evolved 7 to
6 evolved 13 as
6 evolved 15 as
7 to 8 accommodate
8 accommodate 10 banking
9 the 10 banking
10 banking 11 of
11 of 12 biofluids
13 as 14 well
15 as 17 and
16 dna 17 and
17 and 19 samples
18 rna 19 samples

moreover , the value of biobanks is greatly enhanced if they link all the multidimensional clinical and laboratory information of each case , which is accomplished , optimally , using systematic and standardized operating procedures , and in the framework of multidisciplinary teams with the support of a flexible and user - friendly database system that facilitates the sharing of information of all the teams in the network . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 69 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 value
3 the 4 value
4 value 5 of
4 value 7 is
5 of 6 biobanks
7 is 9 enhanced
8 greatly 9 enhanced
9 enhanced 10 if
10 if 11 they
10 if 12 link
11 they 12 link
12 link 13 all
13 all 14 the
13 all 19 information
14 the 19 information
15 multidimensional 19 information
16 clinical 17 and
17 and 18 laboratory
17 and 19 information
19 information 20 of
20 of 22 case
21 each 22 case
23 , 24 which
23 , 26 accomplished
23 , 29 ,
24 which 25 is
25 is 26 accomplished
26 accomplished 28 optimally
27 , 28 optimally
28 optimally 29 ,
29 , 35 procedures
29 , 37 and
30 using 35 procedures
31 systematic 32 and
32 and 34 operating
32 and 35 procedures
33 standardized 34 operating
36 , 37 and
37 and 56 that
37 and 57 facilitates
38 in 40 framework
38 in 56 that
39 the 40 framework
40 framework 41 of
41 of 43 teams
42 multidisciplinary 43 teams
43 teams 44 with
43 teams 47 of
44 with 46 support
45 the 46 support
47 of 55 system
48 a 55 system
49 flexible 50 and
50 and 51 user
50 and 52 -
50 and 55 system
53 friendly 54 database
54 database 55 system
56 that 57 facilitates
57 facilitates 59 sharing
57 facilitates 66 in
58 the 59 sharing
59 sharing 60 of
59 sharing 62 of
60 of 61 information
62 of 63 all
63 all 64 the
63 all 65 teams
64 the 65 teams
66 in 68 network
67 the 68 network

we describe a biobanking system that is a platform for discovery research at the center for neurodegenerative disease research at the university of pennsylvania . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 describe
2 describe 5 system
2 describe 10 for
3 a 5 system
4 biobanking 5 system
5 system 6 that
5 system 7 is
6 that 7 is
7 is 9 platform
8 a 9 platform
10 for 12 research
11 discovery 12 research
12 research 13 at
12 research 16 for
13 at 15 center
14 the 15 center
16 for 19 research
17 neurodegenerative 18 disease
18 disease 19 research
19 research 20 at
19 research 23 of
20 at 22 university
21 the 22 university
23 of 24 pennsylvania

background : maximum step length is a brief clinical test involving stepping out and back as far as possible with the arms folded across the chest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 length
2 : 6 is
2 : 27 .
3 maximum 5 length
4 step 5 length
5 length 6 is
6 is 14 and
6 is 17 far
6 is 18 as
7 a 10 test
8 brief 10 test
9 clinical 10 test
10 test 11 involving
10 test 14 and
11 involving 12 stepping
12 stepping 13 out
14 and 15 back
16 as 17 far
18 as 19 possible
19 possible 20 with
20 with 22 arms
21 the 22 arms
22 arms 23 folded
22 arms 24 across
24 across 26 chest
25 the 26 chest

this test has been shown to predict fall risk , but the biomechanics of this test are not fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 test
2 test 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 shown
5 shown 6 to
6 to 7 predict
7 predict 9 risk
8 fall 9 risk
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 biomechanics
11 but 20 understood
12 the 13 biomechanics
13 biomechanics 14 of
13 biomechanics 17 are
14 of 16 test
15 this 16 test
17 are 18 not
17 are 20 understood
19 fully 20 understood

knee and hip kinetics ( moments and powers ) are greater for longer steps and for younger subjects , but younger subjects also step farther . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 kinetics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 knee 2 and
2 and 3 hip
2 and 4 kinetics
4 kinetics 7 and
4 kinetics 10 are
5 ( 7 and
6 moments 7 and
7 and 8 powers
7 and 9 )
10 are 11 greater
11 greater 15 and
12 for 14 steps
12 for 15 and
13 longer 14 steps
15 and 16 for
16 for 18 subjects
17 younger 18 subjects
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 subjects
20 but 24 step
21 younger 22 subjects
22 subjects 24 step
23 also 24 step
24 step 25 farther

methods : to separate the effects of step length , age , and fall history on joint kinetics ; healthy younger [(] age=27 ( 5 ) , n=14 [ )(, [older] [non] - fallers [(] age=72 ( 5 ) , n=14 [ )(, and older fallers ( age=75 ( 6 ) , n=11 ) all stepped to the same relative target distances of 20 - 80 % of their height . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 10 ,
2 : 12 ,
3 to 4 separate
4 separate 6 effects
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 9 length
8 step 9 length
10 , 11 age
12 , 13 and
12 , 18 kinetics
12 , 19 ;
13 and 15 history
14 fall 15 history
15 history 16 on
15 history 18 kinetics
16 on 17 joint
19 ; 28 n=14
19 ; 30 )(,
20 healthy 28 n=14
21 younger 28 n=14
23 age=27 25 5
23 age=27 27 ,
23 age=27 28 n=14
24 ( 25 5
25 5 26 )
30 )(, 33 -
33 - 44 and
34 fallers 41 n=14
36 age=72 38 5
36 age=72 40 ,
36 age=72 41 n=14
37 ( 38 5
38 5 39 )
41 n=14 44 and
43 )(, 44 and
44 and 46 fallers
44 and 48 age=75
44 and 53 n=11
44 and 56 stepped
45 older 46 fallers
47 ( 48 age=75
48 age=75 50 6
48 age=75 51 )
49 ( 50 6
50 6 51 )
52 , 53 n=11
53 n=11 54 )
55 all 56 stepped
56 stepped 57 to
57 to 62 distances
58 the 59 same
58 the 62 distances
60 relative 62 distances
61 target 62 distances
62 distances 63 of
63 of 64 20
64 20 67 %
65 - 67 %
66 80 67 %
67 % 68 of
67 % 71 .
68 of 70 height
69 their 70 height

knee and hip kinetics and knee co - contraction were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 knee 2 and
2 and 3 hip
2 and 4 kinetics
4 kinetics 5 and
5 and 9 contraction
5 and 10 were
6 knee 9 contraction
7 co 8 -
7 co 9 contraction
10 were 11 calculated

findings : hip and knee kinetics and knee co - contraction all increased with step length , but older [non] - fallers and fallers utilized greater stepping hip and less stepping knee extensor kinetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 knee
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 findings 2 :
2 : 7 and
3 hip 4 and
4 and 6 kinetics
4 and 7 and
5 knee 6 kinetics
7 and 9 co
7 and 11 contraction
8 knee 9 co
10 - 11 contraction
11 contraction 13 increased
11 contraction 14 with
11 contraction 17 ,
12 all 13 increased
14 with 16 length
15 step 16 length
18 but 23 and
18 but 25 utilized
19 older 21 -
19 older 22 fallers
22 fallers 23 and
23 and 24 fallers
23 and 25 utilized
25 utilized 27 stepping
26 greater 27 stepping
27 stepping 29 and
27 stepping 32 knee
28 hip 29 and
29 and 31 stepping
29 and 32 knee
30 less 31 stepping
32 knee 34 kinetics
33 extensor 34 kinetics

fallers had greater stepping knee co - contraction than [non] - fallers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fallers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 fallers 2 had
2 had 8 contraction
2 had 9 than
3 greater 5 knee
4 stepping 5 knee
5 knee 8 contraction
6 co 7 -
6 co 8 contraction
11 - 12 fallers

stance knee co - contraction of [non] [-] fallers was similar to young for shorter steps and similar to fallers for longer steps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 stance 5 contraction
2 knee 5 contraction
3 co 4 -
3 co 5 contraction
5 contraction 6 of
5 contraction 10 was
6 of 9 fallers
10 was 11 similar
11 similar 12 to
12 to 23 steps
13 young 14 for
13 young 17 and
14 for 16 steps
15 shorter 16 steps
17 and 18 similar
17 and 23 steps
18 similar 19 to
18 similar 21 for
19 to 20 fallers
21 for 22 longer

interpretation : age had minimal effects and fall history had no effects on joint kinetics of steps to similar distances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 age
2 : 4 had
2 : 7 and
3 age 4 had
4 had 6 effects
5 minimal 6 effects
7 and 9 history
7 and 10 had
8 fall 9 history
9 history 10 had
10 had 12 effects
10 had 13 on
10 had 18 to
11 no 12 effects
13 on 15 kinetics
14 joint 15 kinetics
15 kinetics 16 of
16 of 17 steps
18 to 20 distances
19 similar 20 distances

effects of age and fall history on knee co - contraction may contribute to age - related kinetic differences and shorter maximal step lengths of older [non] - fallers and fallers , but step length correlated with every variable tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 effects 2 of
1 effects 4 and
2 of 3 age
4 and 5 fall
4 and 6 history
4 and 13 contribute
6 history 7 on
6 history 12 may
7 on 11 contraction
8 knee 11 contraction
9 co 10 -
9 co 11 contraction
12 may 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
14 to 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 30 and
17 related 32 ,
18 kinetic 19 differences
19 differences 20 and
20 and 24 lengths
20 and 25 of
20 and 30 and
21 shorter 24 lengths
22 maximal 23 step
23 step 24 lengths
25 of 29 fallers
26 older 28 -
26 older 29 fallers
30 and 31 fallers
32 , 33 but
33 but 35 length
33 but 36 correlated
34 step 35 length
35 length 36 correlated
36 correlated 37 with
37 with 39 variable
38 every 39 variable
39 variable 40 tested

thus , declines in maximum step length could indicate declines in hip and knee extensor kinetics and impaired performance on similar tasks like recovering from a trip . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 declines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 declines
3 declines 4 in
3 declines 17 and
4 in 7 length
5 maximum 7 length
6 step 7 length
8 could 9 indicate
8 could 17 and
9 indicate 10 declines
9 indicate 11 in
11 in 13 and
12 hip 13 and
13 and 16 kinetics
14 knee 15 extensor
15 extensor 16 kinetics
17 and 18 impaired
18 impaired 19 performance
18 impaired 20 on
18 impaired 23 like
20 on 22 tasks
21 similar 22 tasks
23 like 24 recovering
24 recovering 25 from
25 from 27 trip
26 a 27 trip

we describe 2 frameworks in which personality dimensions relevant to health , such as conscientiousness , can be used to inform interventions designed to promote health aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 describe
2 describe 4 frameworks
2 describe 24 to
3 2 4 frameworks
4 frameworks 5 in
4 frameworks 19 used
5 in 6 which
5 in 7 personality
5 in 8 dimensions
5 in 18 be
6 which 7 personality
8 dimensions 9 relevant
8 dimensions 17 can
9 relevant 10 to
9 relevant 14 as
10 to 11 health
12 , 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 15 conscientiousness
14 as 16 ,
17 can 18 be
19 used 20 to
20 to 21 inform
21 inform 22 interventions
22 interventions 23 designed
24 to 25 promote
25 promote 26 health
26 health 27 aging

first , contemporary data and theory do not suggest that personality is " immutable , " but instead focus on questions of who changes , [in] what way , why , when , and how . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 5 and
3 contemporary 4 data
4 data 5 and
5 and 6 theory
5 and 7 do
7 do 8 not
7 do 9 suggest
9 suggest 10 that
10 that 11 personality
10 that 12 is
11 personality 12 is
12 is 13 "
12 is 14 immutable
14 immutable 17 but
15 , 16 "
15 , 17 but
17 but 18 instead
17 but 19 focus
17 but 25 ,
19 focus 20 on
19 focus 22 of
20 on 21 questions
22 of 23 who
22 of 24 changes
23 who 24 changes
25 , 27 what
27 what 34 and
28 way 29 ,
29 , 30 why
29 , 31 ,
31 , 32 when
31 , 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 how

in fact , the notion that personality could be changed was part and parcel of many schools of psychotherapy , which suggested that long - term and meaningful change in symptoms could not be achieved without change in relevant aspects of personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 notion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 5 notion
4 the 5 notion
5 notion 6 that
5 notion 10 changed
5 notion 11 was
6 that 7 personality
6 that 10 changed
7 personality 8 could
8 could 9 be
9 be 10 changed
11 was 13 and
12 part 13 and
13 and 14 parcel
13 and 15 of
13 and 21 which
15 of 17 schools
16 many 17 schools
17 schools 18 of
18 of 19 psychotherapy
20 , 21 which
21 which 22 suggested
21 which 43 .
22 suggested 27 and
22 suggested 35 achieved
23 that 26 term
24 long 25 -
24 long 26 term
26 term 27 and
27 and 29 change
27 and 30 in
27 and 32 could
28 meaningful 29 change
30 in 31 symptoms
32 could 33 not
32 could 34 be
34 be 35 achieved
35 achieved 36 without
35 achieved 38 in
36 without 37 change
38 in 40 aspects
39 relevant 40 aspects
40 aspects 41 of
41 of 42 personality

we review intervention research documenting change in personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 review
2 review 4 research
3 intervention 4 research
4 research 5 documenting
5 documenting 6 change
5 documenting 7 in
7 in 8 personality

on the basis of an integrative view of personality as a complex system , we describe a bottom - up model [of] change in which interventions to change basic personality processes eventuate in changes at the trait level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 describe
1 on 3 basis
1 on 15 we
2 the 3 basis
3 basis 4 of
3 basis 8 of
4 of 7 view
5 an 7 view
6 integrative 7 view
8 of 9 personality
10 as 13 system
10 as 14 ,
10 as 15 we
11 a 13 system
12 complex 13 system
15 we 16 describe
16 describe 18 bottom
16 describe 20 up
17 a 18 bottom
19 - 20 up
20 up 23 change
20 up 39 .
21 model 23 change
23 change 24 in
24 in 25 which
24 in 26 interventions
24 in 31 processes
24 in 32 eventuate
25 which 26 interventions
26 interventions 27 to
27 to 28 change
29 basic 31 processes
30 personality 31 processes
31 processes 32 eventuate
32 eventuate 33 in
33 in 34 changes
34 changes 35 at
35 at 38 level
36 the 38 level
37 trait 38 level

a 2nd framework leverages the descriptive and predictive power of personality to tailor individual risk prediction and treatment , as well as [refine] public health programs , to the relevant dispositional characteristics of the target population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 framework
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 leverages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 a 3 framework
2 2nd 3 framework
3 framework 4 leverages
4 leverages 9 power
5 the 9 power
6 descriptive 7 and
7 and 8 predictive
7 and 9 power
9 power 10 of
9 power 12 to
9 power 13 tailor
10 of 11 personality
12 to 13 tailor
13 tailor 17 and
13 tailor 22 as
13 tailor 28 to
14 individual 16 prediction
15 risk 16 prediction
16 prediction 17 and
17 and 18 treatment
19 , 22 as
20 as 21 well
21 well 22 as
22 as 26 programs
22 as 27 ,
24 public 25 health
25 health 26 programs
28 to 32 characteristics
29 the 32 characteristics
30 relevant 32 characteristics
31 dispositional 32 characteristics
32 characteristics 33 of
33 of 36 population
34 the 36 population
35 target 36 population

these methods dovetail [with] , and add a systematic and rigorous psychosocial dimension to [,] the personalized medicine and patient - centeredness movements in medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 methods
2 methods 6 and
3 dovetail 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 7 add
6 and 14 to
6 and 23 movements
7 add 13 dimension
8 a 13 dimension
9 systematic 10 and
10 and 11 rigorous
10 and 13 dimension
12 psychosocial 13 dimension
14 to 19 and
16 the 18 medicine
17 personalized 18 medicine
18 medicine 19 and
19 and 22 centeredness
20 patient 21 -
20 patient 22 centeredness
23 movements 24 in
24 in 25 medicine

in addition to improving health through earlier intervention and increased fit between treatments and persons , cost - effectiveness improvements can be realized by more accurate resource allocation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 realized
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 9 and
3 to 4 improving
4 improving 5 health
4 improving 6 through
6 through 8 intervention
7 earlier 8 intervention
9 and 11 fit
9 and 12 between
9 and 17 cost
10 increased 11 fit
12 between 14 and
13 treatments 14 and
14 and 15 persons
16 , 17 cost
17 cost 18 -
19 effectiveness 20 improvements
19 effectiveness 22 be
19 effectiveness 23 realized
20 improvements 21 can
21 can 22 be
23 realized 24 by
23 realized 29 .
24 by 28 allocation
25 more 28 allocation
26 accurate 27 resource
27 resource 28 allocation

numerous examples from the personality , health , and aging literature on conscientiousness and other traits are provided throughout , and we conclude with a series of recommendations for research in these emerging areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 numerous 2 examples
2 examples 3 from
2 examples 9 and
3 from 5 personality
4 the 5 personality
5 personality 7 health
6 , 7 health
7 health 8 ,
9 and 11 literature
9 and 17 are
10 aging 11 literature
11 literature 12 on
12 on 14 and
13 conscientiousness 14 and
14 and 16 traits
15 other 16 traits
17 are 18 provided
18 provided 19 throughout
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 we
21 and 23 conclude
22 we 23 conclude
23 conclude 24 with
23 conclude 31 in
23 conclude 33 emerging
24 with 26 series
25 a 26 series
26 series 27 of
27 of 28 recommendations
28 recommendations 29 for
29 for 30 research
31 in 32 these
33 emerging 34 areas

in this study , we used a life span model to study the subjective perception of creative personality ( cp ) in emerging , young , middle - aged , and older hong kong chinese adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 used
6 used 10 model
6 used 11 to
6 used 12 study
7 a 10 model
8 life 9 span
9 span 10 model
11 to 12 study
12 study 15 perception
12 study 22 in
13 the 15 perception
14 subjective 15 perception
15 perception 16 of
15 perception 20 cp
16 of 18 personality
17 creative 18 personality
19 ( 20 cp
20 cp 21 )
22 in 23 emerging
24 , 27 middle
24 , 28 -
25 young 26 ,
25 young 27 middle
28 - 36 adults
28 - 37 .
29 aged 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 older
31 and 36 adults
33 hong 36 adults
34 kong 36 adults
35 chinese 36 adults

we also asked participants to estimate the approximate age by which people develop and lose cp across adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 3 asked
2 also 3 asked
3 asked 4 participants
3 asked 5 to
5 to 14 and
6 estimate 9 age
6 estimate 14 and
7 the 9 age
8 approximate 9 age
9 age 10 by
10 by 11 which
10 by 12 people
10 by 13 develop
12 people 13 develop
14 and 15 lose
14 and 18 adulthood
15 lose 16 cp
15 lose 17 across

we expected an interesting interplay between internalized age stereotypes and age - related differentiation in beliefs about personality development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 expected
2 expected 14 differentiation
2 expected 15 in
2 expected 17 about
3 an 4 interesting
3 an 14 differentiation
4 interesting 5 interplay
5 interplay 6 between
5 interplay 10 and
6 between 9 stereotypes
7 internalized 8 age
8 age 9 stereotypes
10 and 11 age
10 and 12 -
10 and 13 related
10 and 14 differentiation
15 in 16 beliefs
17 about 19 development
18 personality 19 development

older adults perceived increases in both gains and losses in cp in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 perceived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 perceived
3 perceived 4 increases
3 perceived 5 in
3 perceived 10 in
3 perceived 12 in
5 in 8 and
6 both 7 gains
7 gains 8 and
8 and 9 losses
10 in 11 cp
12 in 14 age
13 old 14 age

but they still maintained a similar level of self [-] perceived cp traits when compared with young participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 but 2 they
1 but 4 maintained
2 they 4 maintained
3 still 4 maintained
4 maintained 7 level
4 maintained 14 when
5 a 6 similar
5 a 7 level
6 similar 7 level
7 level 8 of
8 of 13 traits
9 self 11 perceived
11 perceived 13 traits
12 cp 13 traits
14 when 15 compared
15 compared 16 with
16 with 18 participants
17 young 18 participants

emerging , young , and middle - aged adults were less optimistic about their creativity development into old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 emerging 2 ,
1 emerging 9 adults
3 young 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 middle
5 and 7 -
5 and 8 aged
5 and 9 adults
9 adults 10 were
10 were 12 optimistic
11 less 12 optimistic
12 optimistic 13 about
13 about 16 development
14 their 16 development
15 creativity 16 development
16 development 17 into
17 into 19 age
18 old 19 age

young adults , in contrast to older adults , believed that gains in cp began and ceased at an earlier age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 young 2 adults
2 adults 4 in
2 adults 10 believed
3 , 4 in
4 in 5 contrast
4 in 9 ,
5 contrast 6 to
6 to 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
10 believed 11 that
10 believed 12 gains
11 that 12 gains
12 gains 13 in
13 in 14 cp
14 cp 16 and
15 began 16 and
16 and 17 ceased
16 and 18 at
18 at 21 age
19 an 21 age
20 earlier 21 age

positive perceptions of cp in one's aging process may have implications for aging successfully . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 perceptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 positive 2 perceptions
2 perceptions 3 of
2 perceptions 9 may
3 of 4 cp
4 cp 5 in
5 in 7 aging
6 one's 7 aging
7 aging 8 process
9 may 10 have
10 have 11 implications
11 implications 12 for
12 for 13 aging
13 aging 14 successfully

although it is generally agreed that recall performance declines more than recognition memory performance in the course of normal aging , there are some dissenting voices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 declines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 although 2 it
1 although 5 agreed
1 although 8 performance
2 it 3 is
3 is 5 agreed
4 generally 5 agreed
6 that 8 performance
7 recall 8 performance
8 performance 9 declines
9 declines 10 more
9 declines 11 than
9 declines 15 in
11 than 14 performance
12 recognition 13 memory
13 memory 14 performance
15 in 17 course
16 the 17 course
17 course 18 of
18 of 20 aging
19 normal 20 aging
21 , 22 there
21 , 23 are
22 there 23 are
23 are 26 voices
24 some 26 voices
25 dissenting 26 voices

there are also a few empirical findings that cast doubt on that conclusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 also
2 are 7 findings
4 a 5 few
5 few 7 findings
6 empirical 7 findings
7 findings 8 that
7 findings 9 cast
8 that 9 cast
9 cast 10 doubt
9 cast 11 on
11 on 13 conclusion
12 that 13 conclusion

in light of these ambiguities the present experiments were designed to answer the question in a more definitive fashion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 light
1 in 8 experiments
2 light 3 of
3 of 5 ambiguities
4 these 5 ambiguities
6 the 8 experiments
7 present 8 experiments
8 experiments 9 were
9 were 10 designed
10 designed 11 to
10 designed 12 answer
11 to 12 answer
12 answer 14 question
12 answer 15 in
13 the 14 question
15 in 19 fashion
16 a 19 fashion
17 more 18 definitive
18 definitive 19 fashion

over a series of 3 experiments , groups of younger and older adults performed recall and recognition tests successively on the same lists of words . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 over 3 series
1 over 7 ,
1 over 8 groups
2 a 3 series
3 series 4 of
4 of 6 experiments
5 3 6 experiments
8 groups 9 of
8 groups 14 performed
9 of 13 adults
10 younger 11 and
11 and 12 older
11 and 13 adults
14 performed 16 and
14 performed 19 successively
14 performed 20 on
15 recall 16 and
16 and 18 tests
17 recognition 18 tests
20 on 23 lists
21 the 22 same
22 same 23 lists
23 lists 24 of
24 of 25 words

several analyses of the resulting data converge on the conclusion that there is a consistent age - related [decrement] in recall that is disproportionately greater than the age - related [decrement] in recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 converge
1 several 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 of
2 analyses 7 converge
3 of 6 data
4 the 6 data
5 resulting 6 data
7 converge 8 on
7 converge 30 related
8 on 10 conclusion
9 the 10 conclusion
10 conclusion 11 that
10 conclusion 18 related
11 that 12 there
11 that 13 is
12 there 13 is
13 is 16 age
14 a 15 consistent
14 a 16 age
15 consistent 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 20 in
18 related 29 -
20 in 21 recall
21 recall 22 that
21 recall 23 is
22 that 23 is
23 is 25 greater
24 disproportionately 25 greater
25 greater 26 than
26 than 28 age
27 the 28 age
29 - 30 related
30 related 32 in
30 related 34 .
32 in 33 recognition

this conclusion is in line with several theoretical accounts of age - related differences in cognitive processing and also with emerging evidence from cognitive neuroscience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 this 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 3 is
3 is 5 line
3 is 6 with
4 in 5 line
6 with 9 accounts
7 several 9 accounts
8 theoretical 9 accounts
9 accounts 10 of
10 of 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 differences
13 related 26 .
14 differences 18 and
15 in 17 processing
15 in 18 and
16 cognitive 17 processing
18 and 19 also
18 and 20 with
20 with 22 evidence
21 emerging 22 evidence
22 evidence 23 from
23 from 25 neuroscience
24 cognitive 25 neuroscience

we use the image - mediation [model] ( klatzky & lederman , 1987 ) as a framework to investigate potential sources of adult age differences in the haptic recognition of two - dimensional ( 2 d ) shapes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 use
2 use 4 image
2 use 15 as
2 use 18 to
3 the 4 image
4 image 6 mediation
5 - 6 mediation
6 mediation 11 lederman
6 mediation 13 1987
6 mediation 14 )
8 ( 11 lederman
9 klatzky 10 &
10 & 11 lederman
11 lederman 12 ,
12 , 13 1987
13 1987 14 )
15 as 17 framework
16 a 17 framework
18 to 19 investigate
19 investigate 21 sources
19 investigate 26 in
20 potential 21 sources
21 sources 22 of
22 of 25 differences
23 adult 25 differences
24 age 25 differences
26 in 29 recognition
27 the 29 recognition
28 haptic 29 recognition
29 recognition 30 of
30 of 31 two
32 - 38 shapes
33 dimensional 36 d
33 dimensional 38 shapes
34 ( 36 d
35 2 36 d
36 d 37 )

this model states that the low - resolution [,] temporally sequential , haptic input is translated into a visual image , which is then reperceived through the visual processors , before it is matched against a long - term memory representation and named . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 states
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 this 2 model
2 model 3 states
3 states 4 that
4 that 8 resolution
4 that 16 translated
5 the 8 resolution
6 low 7 -
6 low 8 resolution
8 resolution 14 input
8 resolution 15 is
8 resolution 16 translated
10 temporally 11 sequential
11 sequential 12 ,
11 sequential 14 input
13 haptic 14 input
14 input 15 is
16 translated 17 into
16 translated 31 before
17 into 20 image
18 a 19 visual
18 a 20 image
19 visual 20 image
20 image 22 which
21 , 22 which
22 which 23 is
22 which 30 ,
23 is 24 then
23 is 25 reperceived
25 reperceived 26 through
26 through 29 processors
27 the 29 processors
28 visual 29 processors
31 before 32 it
31 before 42 and
32 it 42 and
33 is 34 matched
33 is 42 and
34 matched 35 against
35 against 41 representation
36 a 37 long
36 a 41 representation
37 long 38 -
37 long 39 term
39 term 41 representation
40 memory 41 representation
42 and 43 named

in three experiments we tested groups of 12 [older] ( mean age 73.11 ) and three groups of 12 young adults ( mean age 22.80 ) each . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 experiments
1 in 4 we
2 three 3 experiments
4 we 5 tested
5 tested 15 and
5 tested 27 each
6 groups 7 of
6 groups 15 and
7 of 8 12
8 12 12 age
10 ( 12 age
11 mean 12 age
12 age 13 73.11
12 age 14 )
15 and 17 groups
15 and 18 of
16 three 17 groups
18 of 21 adults
19 12 21 adults
20 young 21 adults
21 adults 24 age
22 ( 24 age
23 mean 24 age
24 age 25 22.80
24 age 26 )

in experiment 1 we confirm age - related differences in haptic 2 d shape recognition , and we show the typical age × complexity interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 we
2 experiment 3 1
4 we 5 confirm
5 confirm 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 differences
8 related 16 ,
9 differences 10 in
10 in 15 recognition
11 haptic 14 shape
12 2 13 d
13 d 14 shape
14 shape 15 recognition
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 we
17 and 19 show
18 we 19 show
19 show 24 complexity
19 show 25 interaction
20 the 24 complexity
21 typical 22 age
22 age 24 complexity
23 × 24 complexity

in experiment 2 we show that if we facilitate the visual translation process , age differences become smaller , but [only] with simple shapes and not with the more complex everyday objects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 we
2 experiment 3 2
4 we 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 16 differences
6 that 17 become
7 if 8 we
7 if 9 facilitate
7 if 14 ,
7 if 16 differences
8 we 9 facilitate
9 facilitate 13 process
10 the 13 process
11 visual 12 translation
12 translation 13 process
15 age 16 differences
16 differences 17 become
17 become 18 smaller
18 smaller 20 but
19 , 20 but
20 but 25 and
20 but 33 .
22 with 24 shapes
22 with 25 and
23 simple 24 shapes
25 and 26 not
25 and 27 with
27 with 32 objects
28 the 32 objects
29 more 30 complex
30 complex 32 objects
31 everyday 32 objects

in experiment 3 we target the last step in the model ( matching and naming ) for complex stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 target
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 we
2 experiment 3 3
4 we 5 target
5 target 8 step
5 target 9 in
5 target 17 for
6 the 7 last
6 the 8 step
9 in 11 model
10 the 11 model
11 model 14 and
12 ( 14 and
13 matching 14 and
14 and 15 naming
14 and 16 )
17 for 19 stimuli
18 complex 19 stimuli

we found that age differences in exploration time were considerably reduced when this component process was facilitated by providing a category name . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 5 differences
3 that 11 reduced
4 age 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 9 were
6 in 8 time
7 exploration 8 time
9 were 11 reduced
10 considerably 11 reduced
11 reduced 12 when
12 when 15 process
12 when 17 facilitated
13 this 14 component
14 component 15 process
15 process 16 was
16 was 17 facilitated
17 facilitated 18 by
18 by 19 providing
19 providing 22 name
20 a 22 name
21 category 22 name

we conclude that the image [-] mediation model can explain adult [-] age differences in haptic recognition , particularly if the role of working memory in forming the transient visual image is considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 8 model
3 that 10 explain
4 the 8 model
5 image 8 model
7 mediation 8 model
8 model 9 can
9 can 10 explain
10 explain 14 differences
10 explain 15 in
10 explain 20 if
11 adult 13 age
13 age 14 differences
15 in 17 recognition
16 haptic 17 recognition
18 , 19 particularly
18 , 20 if
20 if 22 role
20 if 33 considered
20 if 34 .
21 the 22 role
22 role 23 of
22 role 32 is
23 of 24 working
24 working 25 memory
24 working 26 in
26 in 27 forming
27 forming 31 image
28 the 31 image
29 transient 31 image
30 visual 31 image
32 is 33 considered

our findings suggest that sensorimotor skills thought to rely on peripheral processes for the most part are critically constrained by age - related changes in central processing capacity in later adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 skills
4 that 17 are
5 sensorimotor 6 skills
6 skills 7 thought
6 skills 8 to
6 skills 16 part
6 skills 17 are
8 to 9 rely
9 rely 10 on
9 rely 13 for
10 on 12 processes
11 peripheral 12 processes
13 for 15 most
14 the 15 most
15 most 16 part
17 are 19 constrained
18 critically 19 constrained
19 constrained 20 by
20 by 21 age
22 - 23 related
23 related 24 changes
23 related 25 in
23 related 32 .
25 in 28 capacity
26 central 28 capacity
27 processing 28 capacity
28 capacity 29 in
29 in 31 adulthood
30 later 31 adulthood

the present study examined age - related differences in multisensory integration and the role of attention in age - related differences in multisensory integration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 5 age
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examined
4 examined 5 age
5 age 20 related
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 differences
7 related 9 in
7 related 17 in
7 related 19 -
7 related 20 related
9 in 12 and
10 multisensory 11 integration
11 integration 12 and
12 and 14 role
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 role
15 of 16 attention
17 in 18 age
20 related 21 differences
21 differences 22 in
22 in 24 integration
23 multisensory 24 integration

the sound - induced flash illusion -- the misperception of the number of visual flashes due to the simultaneous presentation of a different number of auditory beeps -- was used to examine the strength of multisensory integration in older and younger observers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 sound
3 - 6 illusion
3 - 30 used
4 induced 5 flash
5 flash 6 illusion
6 illusion 9 misperception
6 illusion 29 was
7 -- 9 misperception
8 the 9 misperception
9 misperception 10 of
9 misperception 21 of
9 misperception 28 --
10 of 15 flashes
11 the 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 15 flashes
13 of 15 flashes
14 visual 15 flashes
15 flashes 17 to
16 due 17 to
17 to 20 presentation
18 the 20 presentation
19 simultaneous 20 presentation
21 of 27 beeps
22 a 24 number
23 different 24 number
24 number 25 of
24 number 27 beeps
25 of 27 beeps
26 auditory 27 beeps
29 was 30 used
30 used 31 to
30 used 32 examine
31 to 32 examine
32 examine 34 strength
32 examine 38 in
33 the 34 strength
34 strength 35 of
35 of 37 integration
36 multisensory 37 integration
38 in 42 observers
39 older 40 and
40 and 41 younger
40 and 42 observers

the effects of integration were examined when discriminating 1 - 3 flashes , 1 - 3 beeps , or 1 - 3 flashes presented with 1 - 3 beeps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 5 were
3 of 4 integration
5 were 6 examined
6 examined 7 when
7 when 8 discriminating
7 when 12 flashes
8 discriminating 10 -
8 discriminating 12 flashes
9 1 10 -
10 - 11 3
13 , 14 1
13 , 15 -
14 1 15 -
15 - 19 or
16 3 17 beeps
17 beeps 19 or
18 , 19 or
19 or 23 flashes
19 or 24 presented
19 or 25 with
20 1 21 -
21 - 22 3
21 - 23 flashes
25 with 29 beeps
26 1 27 -
27 - 28 3
27 - 29 beeps

stimulus conditions were blocked according to these conditions with baseline ( unisensory ) performance assessed during the multisensory block . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 blocked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 stimulus 2 conditions
2 conditions 3 were
3 were 4 blocked
4 blocked 6 to
4 blocked 9 with
4 blocked 16 during
5 according 6 to
6 to 8 conditions
7 these 8 conditions
9 with 10 baseline
9 with 15 assessed
10 baseline 12 unisensory
11 ( 12 unisensory
12 unisensory 13 )
14 performance 15 assessed
16 during 19 block
17 the 19 block
18 multisensory 19 block

older participants demonstrated greater multisensory integration -- a greater influence of the beeps [when] judging the number of visual flashes -- than younger observers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 older 2 participants
2 participants 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 6 integration
3 demonstrated 22 than
4 greater 5 multisensory
5 multisensory 6 integration
6 integration 10 influence
7 -- 10 influence
8 a 10 influence
9 greater 10 influence
10 influence 11 of
10 influence 15 judging
10 influence 21 --
11 of 13 beeps
12 the 13 beeps
15 judging 20 flashes
16 the 17 number
17 number 18 of
17 number 20 flashes
18 of 20 flashes
19 visual 20 flashes
22 than 24 observers
23 younger 24 observers

in a second experiment , the role of attention was assessed using a go/no - [go] paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 4 experiment
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 role
2 a 4 experiment
3 second 4 experiment
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
7 role 10 was
8 of 9 attention
10 was 11 assessed
11 assessed 12 using
12 using 17 paradigm
13 a 14 go/no
13 a 17 paradigm
14 go/no 15 -
14 go/no 17 paradigm

the results of experiment 2 replicated those of experiment 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 replicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 replicated
3 of 4 experiment
4 experiment 5 2
6 replicated 7 those
7 those 8 of
8 of 9 experiment
9 experiment 10 1

in addition , the strength of the illusion was modulated by the sensory domain of the go/no - go task , though this did not differ by age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 strength
4 the 5 strength
5 strength 6 of
5 strength 9 was
6 of 8 illusion
7 the 8 illusion
9 was 10 modulated
10 modulated 11 by
11 by 14 domain
12 the 14 domain
13 sensory 14 domain
14 domain 15 of
15 of 17 go/no
16 the 17 go/no
18 - 19 go
18 - 21 ,
18 - 30 .
19 go 20 task
21 , 29 group
22 though 23 this
22 though 26 differ
22 though 29 group
23 this 24 did
24 did 25 not
24 did 26 differ
26 differ 27 by
27 by 28 age

in the visual go/no - [go] task we found a decrease in the illusion , yet in the auditory go/no - [go] task we found an increase in the illusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 7 task
1 in 8 we
2 the 7 task
3 visual 7 task
4 go/no 5 -
4 go/no 7 task
8 we 9 found
9 found 11 decrease
9 found 12 in
9 found 16 yet
10 a 11 decrease
12 in 14 illusion
13 the 14 illusion
15 , 16 yet
16 yet 24 we
17 in 23 task
17 in 24 we
18 the 23 task
19 auditory 23 task
20 go/no 21 -
20 go/no 23 task
24 we 25 found
25 found 27 increase
25 found 28 in
26 an 27 increase
28 in 30 illusion
29 the 30 illusion

these results demonstrate that older individuals exhibit increased multisensory integration compared with younger individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 individuals
4 that 7 exhibit
5 older 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 exhibit
7 exhibit 10 integration
8 increased 10 integration
9 multisensory 10 integration
10 integration 11 compared
11 compared 12 with
12 with 14 individuals
13 younger 14 individuals

attention was also found to modulate the strength of the sound - induced flash illusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 attention 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 4 found
4 found 5 to
5 to 6 modulate
6 modulate 8 strength
7 the 8 strength
8 strength 9 of
9 of 15 illusion
10 the 15 illusion
11 sound 12 -
11 sound 14 flash
13 induced 14 flash
14 flash 15 illusion

however , the results also suggest that attention was not likely to be a factor in the age - related differences in multisensory integration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 6 suggest
5 also 6 suggest
6 suggest 8 attention
6 suggest 9 was
7 that 8 attention
8 attention 9 was
9 was 10 not
9 was 11 likely
10 not 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 13 be
12 to 13 be
13 be 15 factor
14 a 15 factor
15 factor 16 in
16 in 18 age
17 the 18 age
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 differences
20 related 25 .
21 differences 22 in
22 in 24 integration
23 multisensory 24 integration

working memory declines with normal aging , but the nature of this impairment is debated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 working
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 declines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 working 2 memory
1 working 3 declines
3 declines 4 with
4 with 6 aging
5 normal 6 aging
7 , 8 but
8 but 10 nature
8 but 15 debated
9 the 10 nature
10 nature 11 of
10 nature 14 is
11 of 13 impairment
12 this 13 impairment
14 is 15 debated

studies based on detecting changes to arrays of visual objects have identified two possible components to age - related decline : a reduction in the number of items that can be stored , or a deficit in maintaining the associations ( bindings ) between individual object features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 studies 2 based
1 studies 3 on
1 studies 11 have
3 on 4 detecting
4 detecting 5 changes
4 detecting 6 to
6 to 7 arrays
7 arrays 8 of
8 of 10 objects
9 visual 10 objects
11 have 12 identified
12 identified 15 components
13 two 15 components
14 possible 15 components
15 components 16 to
16 to 17 age
18 - 20 decline
18 - 21 :
19 related 20 decline
21 : 34 or
22 a 23 reduction
23 reduction 24 in
23 reduction 34 or
24 in 28 items
25 the 26 number
26 number 27 of
26 number 28 items
27 of 28 items
28 items 29 that
28 items 30 can
29 that 30 can
30 can 31 be
31 be 32 stored
33 , 34 or
34 or 36 deficit
34 or 44 between
35 a 36 deficit
36 deficit 37 in
37 in 38 maintaining
38 maintaining 40 associations
39 the 40 associations
40 associations 42 bindings
41 ( 42 bindings
42 bindings 43 )
44 between 47 features
45 individual 47 features
46 object 47 features

however , some investigations have reported intact binding with aging , and specific deficits arising only in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 investigations
3 some 4 investigations
4 investigations 5 have
5 have 6 reported
6 reported 12 and
6 reported 17 in
7 intact 8 binding
7 intact 12 and
8 binding 9 with
9 with 10 aging
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 deficits
12 and 15 arising
13 specific 14 deficits
15 arising 16 only
17 in 20 disease
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease

here , using a recently developed continuous measure of recall fidelity , we tested the precision with which adults of different ages could reproduce from memory the orientation and color of a probed array item . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 13 we
3 using 8 measure
3 using 12 ,
3 using 13 we
4 a 8 measure
5 recently 6 developed
6 developed 8 measure
7 continuous 8 measure
8 measure 9 of
9 of 11 fidelity
10 recall 11 fidelity
13 we 14 tested
14 tested 16 precision
15 the 16 precision
16 precision 17 with
16 precision 31 of
17 with 18 which
17 with 19 adults
17 with 29 and
19 adults 20 of
19 adults 29 and
20 of 22 ages
21 different 22 ages
23 could 24 reproduce
23 could 29 and
24 reproduce 25 from
24 reproduce 28 orientation
25 from 26 memory
27 the 28 orientation
29 and 30 color
31 of 35 item
32 a 35 item
33 probed 34 array
34 array 35 item

the results reveal a further component [of] cognitive decline : an age - related decrease in the resolution with which visual information can be maintained in working memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 reveal
3 reveal 9 decline
3 reveal 10 :
4 a 9 decline
5 further 9 decline
6 component 9 decline
8 cognitive 9 decline
9 decline 10 :
11 an 12 age
12 age 25 maintained
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 decrease
14 related 25 maintained
15 decrease 16 in
15 decrease 19 with
16 in 18 resolution
17 the 18 resolution
19 with 20 which
19 with 22 information
19 with 24 be
21 visual 22 information
22 information 23 can
23 can 24 be
25 maintained 26 in
26 in 27 working
27 working 28 memory

this increase in recall variability with age was [strongest] under conditions of greater memory [load] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 8 was
3 in 5 variability
4 recall 5 variability
5 variability 6 with
6 with 7 age
8 was 10 under
10 under 11 conditions
11 conditions 12 of
12 of 14 memory
13 greater 14 memory

moreover , analysis of the distribution of errors revealed that older participants were more likely to incorrectly report one of the unprobed items in memory , consistent with an age - related [increase] in misbinding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 9 revealed
4 of 6 distribution
5 the 6 distribution
6 distribution 7 of
7 of 8 errors
9 revealed 10 that
11 older 12 participants
12 participants 13 were
13 were 15 likely
14 more 15 likely
15 likely 16 to
15 likely 18 report
16 to 18 report
17 incorrectly 18 report
18 report 19 one
18 report 32 related
19 one 20 of
19 one 32 related
20 of 23 items
21 the 23 items
22 unprobed 23 items
23 items 24 in
23 items 27 consistent
24 in 25 memory
26 , 27 consistent
27 consistent 28 with
27 consistent 31 -
28 with 30 age
29 an 30 age
32 related 34 in
32 related 36 .
34 in 35 misbinding

these results indicate a systematic decline with age in working memory resources that can be recruited to store visual information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 6 decline
4 a 6 decline
5 systematic 6 decline
6 decline 7 with
6 decline 13 that
6 decline 14 can
7 with 8 age
8 age 9 in
9 in 10 working
10 working 12 resources
11 memory 12 resources
13 that 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 recruited
16 recruited 17 to
17 to 18 store
18 store 20 information
19 visual 20 information

the paradigm presented here provides a sensitive index of both memory [resolution] and feature binding , with the potential for assessing their modulation by interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paradigm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provides
1 the 2 paradigm
2 paradigm 3 presented
2 paradigm 5 provides
3 presented 4 here
5 provides 8 index
6 a 7 sensitive
6 a 8 index
7 sensitive 8 index
8 index 9 of
9 of 13 and
10 both 13 and
11 memory 13 and
13 and 14 feature
13 and 15 binding
13 and 17 with
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 potential
17 with 26 .
18 the 19 potential
19 potential 20 for
20 for 21 assessing
21 assessing 23 modulation
21 assessing 24 by
22 their 23 modulation
24 by 25 interventions

the findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms underpinning working memory deficits in both health and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 have
3 have 4 implications
4 implications 5 for
5 for 6 understanding
6 understanding 8 mechanisms
7 the 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 underpinning
9 underpinning 12 deficits
9 underpinning 13 in
10 working 11 memory
11 memory 12 deficits
13 in 16 and
14 both 16 and
15 health 16 and
16 and 17 disease

older adults ( 65 + years ) often have greater difficulty in reading than young adults ( 18 - 30 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 5 +
2 adults 9 have
3 ( 5 +
4 65 5 +
5 + 6 years
5 + 7 )
8 often 9 have
9 have 11 difficulty
9 have 12 in
9 have 14 than
10 greater 11 difficulty
12 in 13 reading
14 than 16 adults
15 young 16 adults
16 adults 21 years
17 ( 21 years
18 18 19 -
19 - 20 30
19 - 21 years
21 years 22 )

however , the extent to which this difficulty is attributable to impaired eye [-] movement control is uncertain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 extent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 extent
3 the 4 extent
4 extent 5 to
4 extent 17 is
5 to 6 which
5 to 8 difficulty
5 to 9 is
7 this 8 difficulty
8 difficulty 9 is
9 is 10 attributable
10 attributable 11 to
11 to 16 control
12 impaired 13 eye
13 eye 16 control
15 movement 16 control
17 is 18 uncertain

to address this issue , the alignment and location of the two eyes ' fixations during reading were monitored for young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 4 issue
3 this 4 issue
5 , 8 and
5 , 19 monitored
6 the 7 alignment
7 alignment 8 and
8 and 9 location
8 and 10 of
8 and 18 were
10 of 15 fixations
11 the 12 two
12 two 13 eyes
13 eyes 14 '
14 ' 15 fixations
15 fixations 16 during
16 during 17 reading
18 were 19 monitored
19 monitored 20 for
20 for 24 adults
21 young 22 and
22 and 23 older
22 and 24 adults

older adults showed typical patterns of reading difficulty but the results revealed no age differences in the alignment or location of the two eyes ' fixations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 showed
3 showed 5 patterns
4 typical 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 of
6 of 7 reading
7 reading 8 difficulty
9 but 11 results
9 but 12 revealed
10 the 11 results
11 results 12 revealed
12 revealed 15 differences
12 revealed 16 in
13 no 15 differences
14 age 15 differences
16 in 19 or
17 the 18 alignment
18 alignment 19 or
19 or 20 location
19 or 21 of
21 of 26 fixations
22 the 23 two
23 two 24 eyes
24 eyes 25 '
25 ' 26 fixations

thus , the difficulty older adults experience in reading is not related to oculomotor control , which appears to be preserved into older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 7 experience
3 the 7 experience
4 difficulty 7 experience
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 experience
7 experience 8 in
7 experience 10 is
8 in 9 reading
10 is 11 not
10 is 13 to
11 not 12 related
13 to 15 control
14 oculomotor 15 control
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 appears
17 which 18 appears
18 appears 19 to
18 appears 21 preserved
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 preserved
21 preserved 22 into
22 into 24 age
23 older 24 age

mammalian neural stem cells ( nscs ) are of particular interest because of their role in brain development and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 mammalian 3 stem
2 neural 3 stem
3 stem 4 cells
4 cells 6 nscs
4 cells 8 are
5 ( 6 nscs
6 nscs 7 )
8 are 9 of
8 are 12 because
8 are 16 in
9 of 11 interest
10 particular 11 interest
12 because 13 of
13 of 15 role
14 their 15 role
16 in 19 and
17 brain 18 development
18 development 19 and
19 and 20 function

recent findings suggest the intimate involvement of programmed cell death ( pcd ) in the turnover of nscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 recent 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 involvement
3 suggest 14 in
4 the 6 involvement
5 intimate 6 involvement
6 involvement 7 of
7 of 10 death
8 programmed 9 cell
9 cell 10 death
10 death 12 pcd
11 ( 12 pcd
12 pcd 13 )
14 in 16 turnover
15 the 16 turnover
16 turnover 17 of
17 of 18 nscs

however , the underlying mechanisms of pcd are largely unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 underlying 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 of
5 mechanisms 8 are
6 of 7 pcd
8 are 9 largely
8 are 10 unknown

although apoptosis [is] the best [-] defined form of pcd , accumulating evidence has revealed a wide spectrum of pcd encompassing apoptosis , autophagic cell death ( acd ) and necrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 best
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 2 apoptosis
1 although 5 best
4 the 5 best
5 best 7 defined
7 defined 8 form
8 form 9 of
9 of 10 pcd
11 , 13 evidence
11 , 15 revealed
12 accumulating 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 has
14 has 15 revealed
15 revealed 18 spectrum
16 a 17 wide
16 a 18 spectrum
17 wide 18 spectrum
18 spectrum 19 of
19 of 30 and
20 pcd 21 encompassing
20 pcd 30 and
21 encompassing 22 apoptosis
22 apoptosis 26 death
23 , 26 death
24 autophagic 26 death
25 cell 26 death
26 death 28 acd
26 death 29 )
27 ( 28 acd
28 acd 29 )
30 and 31 necrosis

this mini - review aims to illustrate a unique regulation of pcd in nscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 mini
2 mini 3 -
2 mini 4 review
4 review 5 aims
5 aims 6 to
5 aims 7 illustrate
6 to 7 illustrate
7 illustrate 10 regulation
7 illustrate 13 in
8 a 10 regulation
9 unique 10 regulation
10 regulation 11 of
11 of 12 pcd
13 in 14 nscs

the results of our recent studies on autophagic death of adult hippocampal neural [stem] ( hcn ) cells are also discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 19 are
3 of 6 studies
4 our 6 studies
5 recent 6 studies
6 studies 7 on
7 on 9 death
8 autophagic 9 death
9 death 10 of
10 of 18 cells
11 adult 18 cells
12 hippocampal 18 cells
13 neural 16 hcn
13 neural 18 cells
15 ( 16 hcn
16 hcn 17 )
19 are 21 discussed
20 also 21 discussed

hcn cell death following insulin withdrawal clearly provides a reliable model that can be used to analyze the molecular mechanisms of acd in the larger context of pcd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 hcn 3 death
2 cell 3 death
3 death 4 following
3 death 8 provides
4 following 6 withdrawal
4 following 7 clearly
5 insulin 6 withdrawal
8 provides 11 model
8 provides 16 to
9 a 11 model
10 reliable 11 model
11 model 12 that
11 model 13 can
12 that 13 can
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 used
16 to 17 analyze
17 analyze 20 mechanisms
17 analyze 23 in
18 the 20 mechanisms
19 molecular 20 mechanisms
20 mechanisms 21 of
21 of 22 acd
23 in 26 context
24 the 26 context
25 larger 26 context
26 context 27 of
27 of 28 pcd

more research efforts are needed to increase our understanding of the molecular basis of nsc [turnover] under degenerating conditions , such as aging , stress and neurological diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 more 3 efforts
2 research 3 efforts
3 efforts 4 are
4 are 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 7 increase
7 increase 9 understanding
7 increase 17 under
8 our 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
9 understanding 14 of
10 of 13 basis
11 the 13 basis
12 molecular 13 basis
14 of 15 nsc
17 under 19 conditions
18 degenerating 19 conditions
19 conditions 22 as
20 , 22 as
21 such 22 as
22 as 23 aging
22 as 24 ,
24 , 26 and
25 stress 26 and
26 and 28 diseases
27 neurological 28 diseases

efforts aimed at protecting and harnessing endogenous nscs will offer novel opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for neuropathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 efforts 5 and
2 aimed 3 at
2 aimed 5 and
3 at 4 protecting
5 and 10 offer
6 harnessing 8 nscs
6 harnessing 9 will
7 endogenous 8 nscs
9 will 10 offer
10 offer 12 opportunities
10 offer 13 for
11 novel 12 opportunities
13 for 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 19 strategies
17 new 19 strategies
18 therapeutic 19 strategies
19 strategies 20 for
20 for 21 neuropathologies

this project examines the effects of spiritual care on [chronically] ill and aging populations and those who care for them by studying the development of a comprehensive pastoral care program at episcopal communities & services ( ecs ) [,] [a] [nonprofit] that owns two continuing care retirement communities ( ccrc ) in southern california ( in 2010 ecs operated three communities ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 project
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
1 this 2 project
2 project 3 examines
3 examines 5 effects
3 examines 9 on
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 8 care
7 spiritual 8 care
9 on 15 and
11 ill 12 and
12 and 14 populations
12 and 15 and
13 aging 14 populations
15 and 16 those
15 and 17 who
15 and 18 care
15 and 21 by
15 and 25 of
17 who 18 care
18 care 19 for
19 for 20 them
21 by 22 studying
22 studying 24 development
23 the 24 development
25 of 30 program
26 a 30 program
27 comprehensive 30 program
28 pastoral 29 care
29 care 30 program
30 program 31 at
31 at 37 ecs
31 at 42 that
31 at 43 owns
32 episcopal 33 communities
33 communities 34 &
34 & 35 services
35 services 37 ecs
36 ( 37 ecs
37 ecs 38 )
42 that 43 owns
43 owns 50 ccrc
43 owns 52 in
44 two 50 ccrc
45 continuing 46 care
46 care 47 retirement
47 retirement 48 communities
48 communities 50 ccrc
49 ( 50 ccrc
50 ccrc 51 )
52 in 54 california
53 southern 54 california
54 california 56 in
55 ( 56 in
56 in 57 2010
56 in 63 .
57 2010 59 operated
58 ecs 59 operated
59 operated 61 communities
59 operated 62 )
60 three 61 communities

the study includes the vision , methodology , and specific steps taken to implement this spiritual care program and methods to measure its efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 includes
3 includes 9 and
3 includes 13 to
4 the 5 vision
5 vision 6 ,
6 , 7 methodology
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 steps
9 and 12 taken
10 specific 11 steps
13 to 14 implement
14 implement 19 and
14 implement 21 to
15 this 18 program
16 spiritual 17 care
17 care 18 program
18 program 19 and
19 and 20 methods
21 to 22 measure
22 measure 24 efficacy
23 its 24 efficacy

data is analyzed from satisfaction surveys conducted the year before the program 's introduction and surveys taken 2 and 4 years after the institution of the pastoral care program , along with anecdotal findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 data 2 is
2 is 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 from
4 from 6 surveys
5 satisfaction 6 surveys
6 surveys 7 conducted
7 conducted 10 before
7 conducted 32 with
8 the 9 year
9 year 10 before
10 before 15 and
11 the 12 program
12 program 13 's
13 's 14 introduction
14 introduction 15 and
15 and 16 surveys
15 and 30 ,
16 surveys 17 taken
16 surveys 25 of
17 taken 22 after
18 2 19 and
19 and 20 4
19 and 21 years
21 years 22 after
22 after 24 institution
23 the 24 institution
25 of 29 program
26 the 29 program
27 pastoral 28 care
28 care 29 program
31 along 32 with
32 with 34 findings
33 anecdotal 34 findings

results indicated that spiritual awareness and satisfaction increased throughout the resident population after the pastoral care program 's establishment and that satisfaction levels continued to improve as the program developed over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 indicated
2 indicated 5 awareness
3 that 4 spiritual
4 spiritual 5 awareness
6 and 20 and
6 and 26 improve
7 satisfaction 8 increased
7 satisfaction 13 after
7 satisfaction 20 and
8 increased 9 throughout
9 throughout 12 population
10 the 12 population
11 resident 12 population
13 after 19 establishment
14 the 17 program
15 pastoral 16 care
16 care 17 program
17 program 18 's
18 's 19 establishment
20 and 21 that
20 and 23 levels
20 and 25 to
20 and 26 improve
22 satisfaction 23 levels
23 levels 24 continued
24 continued 25 to
26 improve 27 as
27 as 29 program
28 the 29 program
29 program 30 developed
30 developed 31 over
31 over 32 time

this study suggests that spiritual support ( both religious and nonreligious ) is a vital factor in well - being and quality of life at the end of life and that transdisciplinary palliative care is needed in long - term care settings to address spiritual and psychosocial needs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 6 support
4 that 13 is
5 spiritual 6 support
6 support 10 and
7 ( 10 and
8 both 10 and
9 religious 10 and
10 and 11 nonreligious
10 and 12 )
13 is 16 factor
13 is 17 in
13 is 18 well
14 a 15 vital
14 a 16 factor
15 vital 16 factor
19 - 21 and
20 being 21 and
21 and 22 quality
22 quality 23 of
23 of 30 and
24 life 25 at
24 life 30 and
25 at 27 end
26 the 27 end
27 end 28 of
28 of 29 life
30 and 31 that
30 and 32 transdisciplinary
30 and 36 needed
32 transdisciplinary 34 care
32 transdisciplinary 35 is
32 transdisciplinary 36 needed
33 palliative 34 care
34 care 35 is
36 needed 37 in
36 needed 43 to
36 needed 44 address
37 in 42 settings
38 long 39 -
38 long 42 settings
40 term 41 care
41 care 42 settings
43 to 44 address
44 address 48 needs
45 spiritual 46 and
46 and 47 psychosocial
46 and 48 needs

human aging is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass [and] strength and a concomitant fat accumulation in form [of] inter - muscular adipose tissue , causing skeletal muscle function decline and immobilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 human
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 human 2 aging
1 human 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 loss
6 a 7 progressive
6 a 8 loss
7 progressive 8 loss
8 loss 9 of
8 loss 14 and
8 loss 22 inter
9 of 10 muscle
11 mass 13 strength
13 strength 14 and
14 and 18 accumulation
14 and 22 inter
15 a 18 accumulation
16 concomitant 17 fat
17 fat 18 accumulation
18 accumulation 19 in
19 in 20 form
23 - 33 and
24 muscular 25 adipose
25 adipose 26 tissue
26 tissue 27 ,
27 , 32 decline
27 , 33 and
28 causing 32 decline
29 skeletal 30 muscle
30 muscle 31 function
31 function 32 decline
33 and 34 immobilization

fat accumulation can also occur as [intra] [-] muscular [triglycerides] ( imtg ) deposition in lipid droplets , which are associated with perilipin proteins , such as perilipin2 ( plin2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 fat 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 can
3 can 5 occur
4 also 5 occur
5 occur 6 as
5 occur 15 in
6 as 14 deposition
9 muscular 12 imtg
9 muscular 14 deposition
11 ( 12 imtg
12 imtg 13 )
15 in 17 droplets
16 lipid 17 droplets
18 , 19 which
18 , 21 associated
19 which 20 are
20 are 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 proteins
23 perilipin 24 proteins
24 proteins 27 as
25 , 27 as
26 such 27 as
27 as 28 perilipin2
27 as 31 )
28 perilipin2 30 plin2
29 ( 30 plin2
30 plin2 31 )

it is not known whether plin2 expression changes with age and [if] this has consequences on muscle [mass] and strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 known
4 known 5 whether
5 whether 7 expression
5 whether 8 changes
6 plin2 7 expression
7 expression 8 changes
8 changes 9 with
9 with 10 age
11 and 13 this
11 and 14 has
13 this 14 has
14 has 15 consequences
14 has 16 on
16 on 19 and
17 muscle 19 and
19 and 20 strength

we studied the expression of plin2 in the vastus lateralis ( vl ) muscle of both healthy subjects and patients affected by lower limb mobility limitation of different age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 studied
2 studied 4 expression
3 the 4 expression
4 expression 5 of
5 of 6 plin2
6 plin2 7 in
6 plin2 14 muscle
6 plin2 21 affected
7 in 10 lateralis
8 the 10 lateralis
9 vastus 10 lateralis
10 lateralis 12 vl
11 ( 12 vl
12 vl 13 )
14 muscle 15 of
14 muscle 21 affected
15 of 19 and
16 both 19 and
17 healthy 18 subjects
18 subjects 19 and
19 and 20 patients
21 affected 22 by
22 by 26 limitation
23 lower 24 limb
24 limb 26 limitation
25 mobility 26 limitation
26 limitation 27 of
27 of 29 age
28 different 29 age

we found that plin2 expression increases with age , this phenomenon being particularly evident in patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 5 expression
3 that 6 increases
4 plin2 5 expression
5 expression 6 increases
6 increases 7 with
6 increases 12 being
7 with 8 age
9 , 12 being
10 this 11 phenomenon
11 phenomenon 12 being
12 being 14 evident
13 particularly 14 evident
14 evident 15 in
15 in 16 patients

moreover , plin2 expression is inversely correlated with quadriceps strength and vl thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plin2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 quadriceps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 plin2
3 plin2 4 expression
3 plin2 8 with
3 plin2 9 quadriceps
4 expression 5 is
5 is 6 inversely
5 is 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
9 quadriceps 11 and
10 strength 11 and
11 and 13 thickness
12 vl 13 thickness

to investigate the molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon , we focused on igf - 1/p53 network/signalling [pathway] , involved in muscle physiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 molecular 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 underpinning
6 underpinning 8 phenomenon
7 this 8 phenomenon
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 focused
10 we 11 focused
11 focused 12 on
12 on 13 igf
13 igf 16 network/signalling
13 igf 19 involved
14 - 16 network/signalling
15 1/p53 16 network/signalling
16 network/signalling 18 ,
18 , 19 involved
19 involved 20 in
19 involved 23 .
20 in 22 physiology
21 muscle 22 physiology

we found that plin2 expression strongly correlates with increased p53 activation and reduced igf - 1 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 5 expression
3 that 7 correlates
4 plin2 5 expression
5 expression 7 correlates
6 strongly 7 correlates
7 correlates 8 with
8 with 12 and
9 increased 11 activation
9 increased 12 and
10 p53 11 activation
12 and 13 reduced
12 and 17 expression
13 reduced 14 igf
15 - 16 1
16 1 17 expression

to confirm these observations made on humans , we studied mice overexpressing muscle - specific igf - 1 , which are protected from sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 2 confirm
2 confirm 4 observations
2 confirm 5 made
3 these 4 observations
4 observations 5 made
5 made 6 on
5 made 7 humans
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 studied
9 we 10 studied
10 studied 11 mice
11 mice 12 overexpressing
11 mice 20 which
11 mice 21 are
12 overexpressing 13 muscle
13 muscle 16 igf
14 - 16 igf
15 specific 16 igf
16 igf 18 1
16 igf 19 ,
17 - 18 1
18 1 19 ,
20 which 21 are
21 are 22 protected
22 protected 23 from
23 from 24 sarcopenia

these mice resulted almost negative for the expression of plin2 and p53 at two years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 mice
2 mice 3 resulted
3 resulted 5 negative
4 almost 5 negative
5 negative 6 for
5 negative 13 at
6 for 8 expression
7 the 8 expression
8 expression 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 plin2 11 and
11 and 12 p53
13 at 15 years
14 two 15 years
15 years 16 of
16 of 17 age

we conclude that fat deposition within skeletal muscle in form of plin2 - coated lipid droplets increases with age and is associated with decreased muscle strength and thickness , likely through an igf - 1 - and p53 - dependent mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 5 deposition
3 that 4 fat
4 fat 5 deposition
5 deposition 6 within
5 deposition 11 of
6 within 8 muscle
7 skeletal 8 muscle
8 muscle 9 in
9 in 10 form
11 of 12 plin2
13 - 20 and
14 coated 17 increases
14 coated 20 and
15 lipid 17 increases
16 droplets 17 increases
17 increases 18 with
18 with 19 age
20 and 21 is
21 is 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 37 and
24 decreased 25 muscle
25 muscle 26 strength
26 strength 27 and
27 and 28 thickness
27 and 30 likely
27 and 37 and
29 , 30 likely
30 likely 31 through
30 likely 36 -
31 through 33 igf
32 an 33 igf
33 igf 35 1
34 - 35 1
35 1 36 -
37 and 41 mechanism
38 p53 39 -
38 p53 40 dependent
40 dependent 41 mechanism

the data also suggest that excessive intramuscular fat accumulation could be the initial trigger for p53 activation and consequent loss of muscle mass and strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 4 suggest
3 also 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 9 accumulation
5 that 11 be
6 excessive 9 accumulation
7 intramuscular 9 accumulation
8 fat 9 accumulation
9 accumulation 10 could
10 could 11 be
11 be 24 and
12 the 14 trigger
13 initial 14 trigger
14 trigger 15 for
14 trigger 24 and
15 for 16 p53
16 p53 18 and
16 p53 23 mass
17 activation 18 and
18 and 20 loss
18 and 21 of
18 and 23 mass
19 consequent 20 loss
21 of 22 muscle
24 and 25 strength

background : the i405v polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene ( cetp ) has been suggested to be a protective factor conferring longevity in ashkenazi jews , although findings in other races are not supportive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
2 : 5 polymorphism
2 : 18 suggested
3 the 5 polymorphism
4 i405v 5 polymorphism
5 polymorphism 6 of
5 polymorphism 16 has
6 of 12 gene
7 the 12 gene
8 cholesteryl 10 transfer
9 ester 10 transfer
10 transfer 11 protein
11 protein 12 gene
12 gene 14 cetp
13 ( 14 cetp
14 cetp 15 )
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 suggested
18 suggested 19 to
19 to 20 be
20 be 23 factor
21 a 22 protective
21 a 23 factor
22 protective 23 factor
23 factor 24 conferring
24 conferring 25 longevity
24 conferring 30 although
25 longevity 26 in
26 in 28 jews
27 ashkenazi 28 jews
29 , 30 although
30 although 31 findings
30 although 35 are
30 although 38 .
31 findings 32 in
31 findings 35 are
32 in 34 races
33 other 34 races
35 are 36 not
35 are 37 supportive
36 not 37 supportive

this paper describes a case - control study and a meta - analysis conducted to derive [a] more precise estimation of the association between cetp 405v and longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 describes
3 describes 5 case
4 a 5 case
6 - 9 and
6 - 14 conducted
6 - 29 .
7 control 8 study
8 study 9 and
9 and 13 analysis
9 and 14 conducted
10 a 11 meta
10 a 13 analysis
11 meta 12 -
11 meta 13 analysis
14 conducted 15 to
14 conducted 24 between
15 to 16 derive
16 derive 20 estimation
18 more 20 estimation
19 precise 20 estimation
20 estimation 21 of
21 of 23 association
22 the 23 association
24 between 27 and
25 cetp 26 405v
26 405v 27 and
27 and 28 longevity

methods : we enrolled 1,021 ethnic han chinese participants ( 506 in the longevity group and 515 controls ) , then performed a meta - analysis that integrated the current study and previously published ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 21 then
3 we 21 then
4 enrolled 9 participants
4 enrolled 21 then
5 1,021 9 participants
6 ethnic 8 chinese
7 han 8 chinese
8 chinese 9 participants
9 participants 11 506
10 ( 11 506
11 506 12 in
11 506 19 )
12 in 16 and
13 the 15 group
14 longevity 15 group
15 group 16 and
16 and 18 controls
16 and 19 )
17 515 18 controls
20 , 21 then
21 then 32 and
22 performed 26 analysis
22 performed 32 and
23 a 24 meta
23 a 26 analysis
24 meta 25 -
24 meta 26 analysis
26 analysis 27 that
26 analysis 28 integrated
27 that 28 integrated
28 integrated 31 study
29 the 31 study
30 current 31 study
32 and 34 published
33 previously 34 published
34 published 35 ones

pooled odds ratios ( or ) were calculated for allele contrasts , dominant and recessive inheritance models to assess the association between cetp 405v and longevity according to the ethnic stratification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 pooled 2 odds
2 odds 3 ratios
2 odds 7 were
2 odds 8 calculated
3 ratios 5 or
3 ratios 7 were
4 ( 5 or
5 or 6 )
8 calculated 9 for
8 calculated 12 ,
8 calculated 16 inheritance
8 calculated 17 models
9 for 11 contrasts
10 allele 11 contrasts
13 dominant 14 and
14 and 15 recessive
14 and 16 inheritance
16 inheritance 17 models
17 models 18 to
17 models 22 between
17 models 25 and
17 models 28 to
18 to 19 assess
19 assess 21 association
20 the 21 association
22 between 23 cetp
24 405v 25 and
25 and 26 longevity
27 according 28 to
28 to 31 stratification
29 the 31 stratification
30 ethnic 31 stratification

a synergy was detected between 405v and apoe ε4 ( p=0.001 , or=0.530 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 synergy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 2 synergy
2 synergy 3 was
3 was 4 detected
4 detected 5 between
5 between 7 and
6 405v 7 and
7 and 9 ε4
7 and 11 p=0.001
7 and 13 or=0.530
8 apoe 9 ε4
10 ( 11 p=0.001
11 p=0.001 12 ,
12 , 13 or=0.530
13 or=0.530 14 )

after ethnic stratification , 405v remained a risk allele in east asians but no significant association was found in europeans or white americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 405v
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 after 3 stratification
1 after 4 ,
1 after 5 405v
2 ethnic 3 stratification
5 405v 13 but
6 remained 9 allele
6 remained 10 in
6 remained 13 but
7 a 9 allele
8 risk 9 allele
10 in 12 asians
11 east 12 asians
13 but 21 or
14 no 16 association
15 significant 16 association
16 association 17 was
17 was 21 or
18 found 19 in
18 found 20 europeans
18 found 21 or
21 or 22 white
22 white 23 americans

conclusion : our case - control study suggests cetp 405v as a risk allele against longevity in chinese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 case
3 our 4 case
5 - 7 study
5 - 8 suggests
6 control 7 study
7 study 8 suggests
8 suggests 10 405v
8 suggests 14 allele
9 cetp 10 405v
10 405v 11 as
10 405v 14 allele
11 as 13 risk
12 a 13 risk
14 allele 15 against
14 allele 17 in
15 against 16 longevity
17 in 18 chinese

the meta - analysis suggests the involvement of cetp 405v is protective in ashkenazi jews but is a risk allele against longevity in the east asian ( chinese ) population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
1 the 4 analysis
2 meta 3 -
2 meta 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 suggests
5 suggests 7 involvement
5 suggests 16 but
6 the 7 involvement
7 involvement 8 of
8 of 10 405v
9 cetp 10 405v
11 is 12 protective
11 is 16 but
12 protective 13 in
13 in 15 jews
14 ashkenazi 15 jews
16 but 17 is
17 is 19 risk
18 a 19 risk
19 risk 20 allele
20 allele 21 against
20 allele 23 in
21 against 22 longevity
23 in 26 asian
24 the 26 asian
25 east 26 asian
26 asian 30 population
27 ( 30 population
28 chinese 29 )
28 chinese 30 population
30 population 31 .

the main focus of this study is to illustrate the applicability of latent class analysis in the assessment of cognitive performance profiles during ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 focus
3 focus 4 of
3 focus 7 is
4 of 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 illustrate
8 to 9 illustrate
9 illustrate 11 applicability
9 illustrate 16 in
9 illustrate 23 during
10 the 11 applicability
11 applicability 12 of
12 of 15 analysis
13 latent 14 class
14 class 15 analysis
16 in 18 assessment
17 the 18 assessment
18 assessment 19 of
19 of 22 profiles
20 cognitive 21 performance
21 performance 22 profiles
23 during 24 ageing

principal component analysis ( pca ) was used to detect main cognitive dimensions ( based on the neurocognitive test variables ) and bayesian latent class analysis ( lca ) models ( without constraints ) were used to explore patterns of cognitive performance among community [-] dwelling older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 principal 3 analysis
2 component 3 analysis
3 analysis 5 pca
3 analysis 7 was
4 ( 5 pca
5 pca 6 )
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
9 to 22 and
10 detect 13 dimensions
10 detect 15 based
10 detect 22 and
11 main 13 dimensions
12 cognitive 13 dimensions
14 ( 15 based
15 based 16 on
15 based 21 )
16 on 20 variables
17 the 20 variables
18 neurocognitive 19 test
19 test 20 variables
22 and 38 explore
23 bayesian 26 analysis
23 bayesian 30 models
23 bayesian 35 were
24 latent 25 class
25 class 26 analysis
26 analysis 28 lca
26 analysis 30 models
27 ( 28 lca
28 lca 29 )
30 models 32 without
31 ( 32 without
32 without 33 constraints
32 without 34 )
35 were 36 used
36 used 37 to
37 to 38 explore
38 explore 39 patterns
39 patterns 40 of
40 of 42 performance
41 cognitive 42 performance
42 performance 43 among
43 among 48 individuals
44 community 46 dwelling
46 dwelling 48 individuals
47 older 48 individuals

gender , age and number of school years were explored as variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 gender 2 ,
2 , 3 age
2 , 4 and
4 and 5 number
4 and 6 of
4 and 9 were
6 of 8 years
7 school 8 years
9 were 10 explored
10 explored 11 as
11 as 12 variables

three cognitive dimensions were identified : general cognition ( mmse ) , memory ( mem [ )(and executive ( exec ) function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dimensions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 three 3 dimensions
2 cognitive 3 dimensions
3 dimensions 4 were
4 were 5 identified
6 : 8 cognition
7 general 8 cognition
8 cognition 10 mmse
8 cognition 13 memory
9 ( 10 mmse
10 mmse 11 )
12 , 13 memory
13 memory 17 )(and
13 memory 23 .
14 ( 17 )(and
15 mem 17 )(and
17 )(and 22 function
17 )(and 23 .
18 executive 20 exec
18 executive 22 function
19 ( 20 exec
20 exec 21 )

based on these , three latent classes of cognitive performance profiles ( lc1 to lc3 ) were identified among the older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 classes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 4 ,
1 based 7 classes
2 on 3 these
5 three 7 classes
6 latent 7 classes
7 classes 8 of
7 classes 17 were
8 of 11 profiles
9 cognitive 10 performance
10 performance 11 profiles
11 profiles 13 lc1
12 ( 13 lc1
13 lc1 14 to
13 lc1 16 )
14 to 15 lc3
17 were 18 identified
18 identified 19 among
19 among 22 adults
20 the 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

these classes corresponded [to] stronger to weaker performance patterns ( lc1>lc2>lc3 ) across all dimensions ; each latent class denoted the same hierarchy in the proportion of males , age and number of school years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 classes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 corresponded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 these 2 classes
2 classes 3 corresponded
3 corresponded 5 stronger
5 stronger 6 to
5 stronger 13 across
6 to 9 patterns
7 weaker 8 performance
8 performance 9 patterns
9 patterns 11 lc1>lc2>lc3
10 ( 11 lc1>lc2>lc3
11 lc1>lc2>lc3 12 )
13 across 15 dimensions
14 all 15 dimensions
16 ; 19 class
16 ; 20 denoted
17 each 19 class
18 latent 19 class
19 class 20 denoted
20 denoted 23 hierarchy
21 the 22 same
22 same 23 hierarchy
23 hierarchy 24 in
23 hierarchy 27 of
23 hierarchy 33 of
24 in 26 proportion
25 the 26 proportion
27 of 31 and
28 males 29 ,
29 , 30 age
29 , 31 and
31 and 32 number
33 of 35 years
34 school 35 years

bayesian lca provided a powerful tool to explore cognitive typologies among healthy cognitive agers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lca
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 bayesian 2 lca
2 lca 3 provided
3 provided 6 tool
3 provided 7 to
4 a 5 powerful
4 a 6 tool
5 powerful 6 tool
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 10 typologies
8 explore 11 among
9 cognitive 10 typologies
11 among 14 agers
12 healthy 14 agers
13 cognitive 14 agers

objectives : to extend existing research on the us health disadvantage relative to europe by studying the relationships of disability with age from midlife to old age in the us and four european regions ( england/northern and western europe/southern europe/eastern europe ) including their wealth - related differences , using a flexible statistical approach to model the age - functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 12 relative
3 to 4 extend
4 extend 6 research
4 extend 7 on
5 existing 6 research
7 on 11 disadvantage
8 the 11 disadvantage
9 us 10 health
10 health 11 disadvantage
12 relative 13 to
12 relative 15 by
13 to 14 europe
15 by 16 studying
16 studying 18 relationships
16 studying 21 with
17 the 18 relationships
18 relationships 19 of
19 of 20 disability
21 with 31 and
21 with 60 functions
22 age 23 from
22 age 28 in
22 age 31 and
23 from 24 midlife
24 midlife 25 to
25 to 27 age
26 old 27 age
28 in 30 us
29 the 30 us
31 and 34 regions
31 and 37 and
32 four 34 regions
33 european 34 regions
35 ( 37 and
36 england/northern 37 and
37 and 41 europe
37 and 42 )
37 and 43 including
37 and 48 differences
37 and 50 using
37 and 59 -
38 western 39 europe/southern
39 europe/southern 40 europe/eastern
40 europe/eastern 41 europe
43 including 45 wealth
44 their 45 wealth
46 - 48 differences
47 related 48 differences
48 differences 49 ,
49 , 50 using
50 using 54 approach
50 using 55 to
50 using 59 -
51 a 54 approach
52 flexible 54 approach
53 statistical 54 approach
55 to 56 model
56 model 58 age
57 the 58 age

methods : we used data from three studies on aging , with nationally representative samples of adults aged 50 to 85 from 15 countries ( n = 48225 ) : the us - american health and retirement study ( hrs ) , the english longitudinal study of ageing ( elsa ) and the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe ( share ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 66 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 used
2 : 30 :
2 : 33 -
3 we 4 used
4 used 5 data
5 data 6 from
5 data 12 with
6 from 8 studies
7 three 8 studies
8 studies 9 on
9 on 10 aging
11 , 12 with
12 with 15 samples
12 with 30 :
13 nationally 14 representative
14 representative 15 samples
15 samples 16 of
15 samples 18 aged
15 samples 27 =
16 of 17 adults
18 aged 20 to
18 aged 22 from
19 50 20 to
20 to 21 85
22 from 24 countries
23 15 24 countries
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 48225
27 = 29 )
30 : 32 us
31 the 32 us
33 - 36 and
34 american 35 health
35 health 36 and
36 and 40 hrs
36 and 52 and
37 retirement 38 study
38 study 40 hrs
39 ( 40 hrs
40 hrs 41 )
42 , 52 and
43 the 46 study
44 english 46 study
45 longitudinal 46 study
46 study 47 of
46 study 52 and
47 of 50 elsa
48 ageing 50 elsa
49 ( 50 elsa
50 elsa 51 )
52 and 54 survey
52 and 55 of
52 and 59 and
52 and 65 )
53 the 54 survey
55 of 56 health
57 , 59 and
58 ageing 59 and
59 and 60 retirement
59 and 65 )
60 retirement 61 in
61 in 64 share
62 europe 64 share
63 ( 64 share

outcomes were mobility limitations and limitations in instrumental activities of daily living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 outcomes 2 were
2 were 5 and
3 mobility 4 limitations
4 limitations 5 and
5 and 6 limitations
5 and 7 in
5 and 10 of
7 in 9 activities
8 instrumental 9 activities
10 of 12 living
11 daily 12 living

we applied fractional polynomials of age to determine best fitting functional forms for age on disability in each region , while controlling for socio - demographic characteristics and important risk factors ( hypertension [,] diabetes , obesity , smoking , physical inactivity ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applied
1 we 2 applied
2 applied 4 polynomials
2 applied 21 while
3 fractional 4 polynomials
4 polynomials 5 of
4 polynomials 10 fitting
4 polynomials 15 on
4 polynomials 17 in
5 of 6 age
6 age 7 to
6 age 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 best
10 fitting 12 forms
11 functional 12 forms
12 forms 13 for
13 for 14 age
15 on 16 disability
17 in 19 region
18 each 19 region
20 , 21 while
21 while 22 controlling
21 while 44 .
22 controlling 23 for
22 controlling 31 factors
23 for 28 and
24 socio 25 -
24 socio 27 characteristics
26 demographic 27 characteristics
27 characteristics 28 and
28 and 30 risk
29 important 30 risk
31 factors 35 diabetes
31 factors 37 obesity
32 ( 35 diabetes
33 hypertension 35 diabetes
35 diabetes 36 ,
36 , 37 obesity
37 obesity 39 smoking
37 obesity 43 )
38 , 39 smoking
39 smoking 42 inactivity
39 smoking 43 )
40 , 42 inactivity
41 physical 42 inactivity
42 inactivity 43 )

results : findings showed high levels of disability in the us with small age - related changes between 50 and 85 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 findings
2 : 4 showed
2 : 16 related
3 findings 4 showed
4 showed 6 levels
4 showed 9 in
5 high 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 8 disability
9 in 11 us
10 the 11 us
11 us 12 with
12 with 14 age
13 small 14 age
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 changes
17 changes 20 and
18 between 20 and
19 50 20 and
20 and 21 85

levels of disability were generally lower in eastern europe , followed by england and southern europe and [lowest] in northern and western europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 levels 2 of
1 levels 10 ,
2 of 3 disability
4 were 5 generally
4 were 6 lower
4 were 10 ,
6 lower 7 in
7 in 9 europe
8 eastern 9 europe
10 , 11 followed
10 , 17 and
10 , 23 europe
12 by 14 and
12 by 17 and
13 england 14 and
14 and 16 europe
15 southern 16 europe
17 and 19 in
19 in 21 and
20 northern 21 and
21 and 22 western

in these latter countries age - related increases of disability , though , were steeper than in the us , especially in eastern and southern europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 countries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 in 3 latter
1 in 4 countries
2 these 3 latter
4 countries 5 age
6 - 8 increases
6 - 14 were
7 related 8 increases
8 increases 9 of
8 increases 14 were
9 of 10 disability
11 , 12 though
12 though 13 ,
12 though 14 were
14 were 15 steeper
15 steeper 16 than
16 than 17 in
17 in 19 us
18 the 19 us
19 us 22 in
20 , 21 especially
20 , 22 in
22 in 24 and
22 in 27 .
23 eastern 24 and
24 and 26 europe
25 southern 26 europe

for all countries and at all ages , disability levels were higher among adults with low wealth compared to those with high wealth , with [largest] wealth - related differences among those in early old age in the usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 related
1 for 3 countries
1 for 4 and
2 all 3 countries
4 and 5 at
4 and 8 ,
4 and 10 levels
5 at 7 ages
6 all 7 ages
9 disability 10 levels
10 levels 11 were
11 were 12 higher
12 higher 13 among
12 higher 15 with
12 higher 19 to
12 higher 25 with
13 among 14 adults
15 with 17 wealth
16 low 17 wealth
17 wealth 18 compared
19 to 20 those
20 those 21 with
21 with 23 wealth
22 high 23 wealth
24 , 25 with
25 with 27 wealth
25 with 28 -
28 - 29 related
29 related 30 differences
29 related 33 in
29 related 37 in
29 related 40 .
30 differences 31 among
31 among 32 those
33 in 36 age
34 early 36 age
35 old 36 age
37 in 39 usa
38 the 39 usa

conclusions : this paper illustrates considerable variations of disability and its relationship with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 paper
2 : 5 illustrates
2 : 15 .
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 5 illustrates
5 illustrates 7 variations
5 illustrates 13 with
6 considerable 7 variations
7 variations 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 disability 10 and
10 and 12 relationship
11 its 12 relationship
13 with 14 age

it supports the hypothesis that less developed social policies and more pronounced socioeconomic inequalities are related to higher levels of disability and an earlier onset of disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 it 2 supports
2 supports 4 hypothesis
3 the 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 that
5 that 6 less
5 that 7 developed
6 less 7 developed
7 developed 9 policies
8 social 9 policies
10 and 14 inequalities
10 and 16 related
11 more 14 inequalities
12 pronounced 14 inequalities
13 socioeconomic 14 inequalities
14 inequalities 15 are
15 are 16 related
16 related 17 to
17 to 19 levels
18 higher 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 disability 22 and
22 and 25 onset
22 and 26 of
23 an 25 onset
24 earlier 25 onset
26 of 27 disability

background : in eukaryotes the genetic material is enclosed by a continuous membrane system , the nuclear envelope ( ne ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 material
2 : 9 enclosed
2 : 22 .
3 in 4 eukaryotes
3 in 7 material
5 the 7 material
6 genetic 7 material
7 material 8 is
8 is 9 enclosed
9 enclosed 10 by
10 by 14 system
11 a 12 continuous
11 a 14 system
12 continuous 13 membrane
13 membrane 14 system
14 system 18 envelope
15 , 18 envelope
16 the 18 envelope
17 nuclear 18 envelope
18 envelope 20 ne
18 envelope 21 )
19 ( 20 ne
20 ne 21 )

along the ne specific proteins assemble to form meshworks and mutations in these proteins have been described in a group of human diseases called laminopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assemble
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 along 3 ne
1 along 5 proteins
2 the 3 ne
4 specific 5 proteins
5 proteins 6 assemble
6 assemble 7 to
7 to 8 form
8 form 9 meshworks
10 and 11 mutations
10 and 17 described
11 mutations 12 in
11 mutations 15 have
12 in 14 proteins
13 these 14 proteins
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 described
17 described 18 in
18 in 20 group
19 a 20 group
20 group 21 of
20 group 24 called
21 of 23 diseases
22 human 23 diseases
24 called 25 laminopathies

laminopathies include lipodystrophies , muscle and cardiac diseases as well as metabolic or progeroid syndromes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 laminopathies 3 lipodystrophies
2 include 3 lipodystrophies
3 lipodystrophies 4 ,
4 , 5 muscle
4 , 6 and
6 and 8 diseases
6 and 11 as
7 cardiac 8 diseases
9 as 10 well
10 well 11 as
11 as 15 syndromes
12 metabolic 13 or
13 or 14 progeroid
13 or 15 syndromes

most laminopathies are caused by mutations in the lmnagene encoding lamins a/c . together with nesprins ( nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins ) they are core components of the linc complex ( linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 laminopathies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 most 2 laminopathies
2 laminopathies 3 are
3 are 4 caused
4 caused 5 by
4 caused 7 in
5 by 6 mutations
7 in 12 a/c
8 the 12 a/c
9 lmnagene 12 a/c
10 encoding 12 a/c
11 lamins 12 a/c
13 . 24 they
13 . 26 core
13 . 39 .
14 together 24 they
15 with 16 nesprins
15 with 24 they
16 nesprins 22 proteins
17 ( 22 proteins
18 nuclear 22 proteins
19 envelope 20 spectrin
20 spectrin 21 repeat
21 repeat 22 proteins
22 proteins 23 )
24 they 25 are
25 are 26 core
26 core 27 components
27 components 28 of
27 components 36 and
28 of 31 complex
29 the 31 complex
30 linc 31 complex
32 ( 36 and
33 linker 34 of
33 linker 36 and
34 of 35 nucleoskeleton
36 and 37 cytoskeleton
36 and 38 )

the linc complex connects the nucleoskeleton and the cytoskeleton and plays a role in the transfer of mechanically induced signals along the ne into the nucleus , and its components have been attributed functions in maintaining nuclear and cellular organization as well as signal transduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 complex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 3 complex
2 linc 3 complex
3 complex 10 and
4 connects 7 and
4 connects 10 and
5 the 6 nucleoskeleton
6 nucleoskeleton 7 and
7 and 9 cytoskeleton
8 the 9 cytoskeleton
10 and 11 plays
11 plays 13 role
11 plays 14 in
11 plays 24 into
12 a 13 role
14 in 16 transfer
15 the 16 transfer
16 transfer 17 of
17 of 20 signals
18 mechanically 19 induced
19 induced 20 signals
20 signals 21 along
21 along 23 ne
22 the 23 ne
24 into 26 nucleus
25 the 26 nucleus
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 components
28 and 32 been
29 its 30 components
30 components 31 have
31 have 32 been
32 been 34 functions
33 attributed 34 functions
34 functions 35 in
35 in 40 organization
36 maintaining 40 organization
37 nuclear 38 and
38 and 39 cellular
38 and 40 organization
40 organization 43 as
41 as 42 well
42 well 43 as
43 as 45 transduction
44 signal 45 transduction

results : here we narrowed down the interaction sites between lamin a and nesprin - 2 [to] aa 403 - 425 in lamin a and [aa] 6146 - 6347 [in] nesprin - 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 we
2 : 5 narrowed
2 : 32 -
2 : 34 .
3 here 4 we
4 we 5 narrowed
5 narrowed 6 down
5 narrowed 10 between
5 narrowed 22 in
6 down 9 sites
7 the 9 sites
8 interaction 9 sites
10 between 13 and
11 lamin 12 a
11 lamin 13 and
13 and 14 nesprin
14 nesprin 20 -
15 - 16 2
16 2 18 aa
16 2 20 -
18 aa 19 403
20 - 21 425
22 in 25 and
23 lamin 24 a
23 lamin 25 and
25 and 31 nesprin
27 6146 28 -
28 - 29 6347
28 - 31 nesprin
32 - 33 2

laminopathic mutations in and around the involved region of lamin a ( r401c , g411d , g413c , v415i , r419c , l421p , r427g , q432x ) modulate the interaction with nesprin - 2 and this may contribute to the disease phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 laminopathic 2 mutations
2 mutations 4 and
2 mutations 9 of
2 mutations 36 and
3 in 4 and
4 and 5 around
4 and 8 region
6 the 8 region
7 involved 8 region
9 of 10 lamin
10 lamin 11 a
10 lamin 13 r401c
10 lamin 15 g411d
10 lamin 17 g413c
10 lamin 23 l421p
12 ( 13 r401c
13 r401c 14 ,
14 , 15 g411d
15 g411d 16 ,
16 , 17 g413c
17 g413c 19 v415i
17 g413c 22 ,
18 , 19 v415i
19 v415i 21 r419c
19 v415i 22 ,
20 , 21 r419c
21 r419c 22 ,
22 , 23 l421p
23 l421p 25 r427g
23 l421p 27 q432x
23 l421p 28 )
24 , 25 r427g
25 r427g 26 ,
26 , 27 q432x
27 q432x 28 )
29 modulate 31 interaction
29 modulate 32 with
29 modulate 36 and
30 the 31 interaction
32 with 33 nesprin
32 with 35 2
34 - 35 2
36 and 39 contribute
37 this 38 may
38 may 39 contribute
39 contribute 40 to
40 to 43 phenotype
41 the 43 phenotype
42 disease 43 phenotype

the most notable mutation is the lamin a mutation q432x that alters linc complex protein assemblies and causes chromosomal and transcription factor rearrangements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 rearrangements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 mutation
2 most 3 notable
3 notable 4 mutation
4 mutation 5 is
5 is 9 mutation
6 the 9 mutation
7 lamin 8 a
7 lamin 9 mutation
9 mutation 10 q432x
9 mutation 23 rearrangements
10 q432x 11 that
10 q432x 17 and
10 q432x 23 rearrangements
11 that 17 and
12 alters 16 assemblies
12 alters 17 and
13 linc 15 protein
14 complex 15 protein
15 protein 16 assemblies
17 and 18 causes
18 causes 20 and
19 chromosomal 20 and
20 and 22 factor
21 transcription 22 factor

conclusion : mutations in nesprin [-] 2 and lamin a are characterised by complex [genotype] phenotype relations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 12 characterised
2 : 18 .
3 mutations 4 in
3 mutations 8 and
4 in 5 nesprin
5 nesprin 7 2
8 and 9 lamin
8 and 11 are
9 lamin 10 a
11 are 12 characterised
12 characterised 13 by
13 by 17 relations
14 complex 16 phenotype
16 phenotype 17 relations

our data show that each mutation in lmnaanalysed here has a distinct impact on the interaction among both proteins that substantially explains how distinct mutations in widely expressed genes lead to the formation of phenotypically different diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 5 each
3 show 6 mutation
3 show 10 has
6 mutation 7 in
6 mutation 9 here
6 mutation 10 has
7 in 8 lmnaanalysed
10 has 13 impact
11 a 12 distinct
11 a 13 impact
12 distinct 13 impact
13 impact 14 on
13 impact 20 that
13 impact 22 explains
14 on 16 interaction
15 the 16 interaction
16 interaction 17 among
17 among 19 proteins
18 both 19 proteins
20 that 22 explains
21 substantially 22 explains
22 explains 23 how
23 how 25 mutations
23 how 30 lead
24 distinct 25 mutations
25 mutations 26 in
25 mutations 30 lead
26 in 29 genes
27 widely 28 expressed
28 expressed 29 genes
30 lead 31 to
31 to 33 formation
32 the 33 formation
33 formation 34 of
34 of 37 diseases
35 phenotypically 36 different
36 different 37 diseases

background : emergency physicians are exposed to greater stress during a 24 [-] hour shift ( 24 h [s] ) than a 14 [-] hour night shift ( 14 h [s] ) , with an impact lasting several days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 physicians
2 : 6 exposed
3 emergency 4 physicians
4 physicians 5 are
5 are 6 exposed
6 exposed 7 to
6 exposed 10 during
6 exposed 21 than
6 exposed 34 with
7 to 9 stress
8 greater 9 stress
10 during 15 shift
11 a 15 shift
12 24 14 hour
14 hour 15 shift
15 shift 18 h
16 ( 18 h
17 24 18 h
18 h 20 )
21 than 27 shift
22 a 27 shift
23 14 25 hour
25 hour 27 shift
26 night 27 shift
27 shift 30 h
28 ( 30 h
29 14 30 h
30 h 32 )
33 , 34 with
34 with 36 impact
34 with 37 lasting
34 with 40 .
35 an 36 impact
37 lasting 39 days
38 several 39 days

interleukin - 8 ( il - 8 ) is postulated to be a chronic stress biomarker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interleukin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 postulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 interleukin 5 il
1 interleukin 9 is
2 - 5 il
3 8 5 il
4 ( 5 il
5 il 7 8
5 il 8 )
6 - 7 8
7 8 8 )
9 is 10 postulated
10 postulated 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 16 biomarker
13 a 14 chronic
13 a 16 biomarker
14 chronic 15 stress
15 stress 16 biomarker

however , no studies have tracked il - 8 over several shifts or used it for monitoring short - term residual stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tracked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 no 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 tracked
6 tracked 7 il
7 il 9 8
8 - 9 8
9 8 11 several
9 8 17 monitoring
9 8 19 -
10 over 11 several
11 several 13 or
12 shifts 13 or
13 or 14 used
13 or 16 for
14 used 15 it
16 for 17 monitoring
17 monitoring 18 short
19 - 20 term
19 - 23 .
20 term 22 stress
21 residual 22 stress

the il [-] 8 response to the shifts may also increase with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 5 response
2 il 4 8
2 il 5 response
5 response 6 to
5 response 9 may
6 to 8 shifts
7 the 8 shifts
9 may 11 increase
10 also 11 increase
11 increase 12 with
12 with 13 age

conveniently , il - 8 can be measured [non] [-] intrusively from urine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 8
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 conveniently 2 ,
1 conveniently 5 8
2 , 3 il
3 il 4 -
3 il 5 8
5 8 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 measured
8 measured 11 intrusively
8 measured 12 from
12 from 13 urine

methods : we conducted a shifts [-] randomized trial comparing 17 emergency physicians ' urinary il - 8 levels during [a] 24 h [s] , [a] 14 [h] s , and a control day ( clerical work on return [from] [leave] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 43 .
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 31 and
5 a 9 trial
6 shifts 8 randomized
8 randomized 9 trial
9 trial 10 comparing
9 trial 31 and
10 comparing 16 il
11 17 13 physicians
12 emergency 13 physicians
13 physicians 14 '
14 ' 16 il
15 urinary 16 il
16 il 19 levels
16 il 29 s
17 - 19 levels
18 8 19 levels
19 levels 20 during
19 levels 25 ,
20 during 23 h
22 24 23 h
25 , 29 s
27 14 29 s
29 s 30 ,
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 day
31 and 37 work
32 a 33 control
32 a 34 day
33 control 34 day
35 ( 37 work
36 clerical 37 work
37 work 38 on
37 work 42 )
38 on 39 return

mean levels of il - 8 were compared using a wilcoxon matched - pairs test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 mean 2 levels
1 mean 9 using
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 8 compared
3 of 4 il
4 il 6 8
4 il 7 were
5 - 6 8
6 8 7 were
9 using 11 wilcoxon
10 a 11 wilcoxon
11 wilcoxon 12 matched
13 - 15 test
13 - 16 .
14 pairs 15 test

independent associations of key factors including shifts , stress , and age with il - 8 levels were further assessed in a multivariable generalized estimating equations model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 independent 2 associations
2 associations 3 of
2 associations 11 and
3 of 5 factors
4 key 5 factors
5 factors 6 including
5 factors 9 stress
6 including 7 shifts
8 , 9 stress
9 stress 10 ,
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 age
11 and 13 with
13 with 14 il
15 - 17 levels
15 - 20 assessed
15 - 28 .
16 8 17 levels
17 levels 18 were
18 were 19 further
18 were 20 assessed
20 assessed 21 in
21 in 27 model
22 a 23 multivariable
22 a 27 model
23 multivariable 27 model
24 generalized 27 model
25 estimating 26 equations
26 equations 27 model

results : mean urinary il - 8 levels almost doubled during [and] [after] a [24] h [s] compared with [a] 14 h [s] or a control day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 il
3 mean 5 il
4 urinary 5 il
6 - 24 or
7 8 8 levels
8 levels 10 doubled
8 levels 18 compared
8 levels 24 or
9 almost 10 doubled
10 doubled 11 during
11 during 16 h
14 a 16 h
18 compared 19 with
19 with 22 h
21 14 22 h
24 or 27 day
25 a 27 day
26 control 27 day

furthermore , il - 8 levels failed to return to control values at the end of the third day after the shift despite a rest day following the 24 h [s] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 failed
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 levels
2 , 3 il
3 il 4 -
3 il 6 levels
5 8 6 levels
6 levels 7 failed
7 failed 8 to
7 failed 9 return
8 to 9 return
9 return 10 to
9 return 20 after
9 return 23 despite
9 return 30 h
10 to 11 control
11 control 12 values
12 values 13 at
12 values 16 of
13 at 15 end
14 the 15 end
16 of 19 day
17 the 18 third
17 the 19 day
20 after 22 shift
21 the 22 shift
23 despite 27 following
24 a 25 rest
24 a 27 following
25 rest 27 following
26 day 27 following
28 the 30 h
29 24 30 h
30 h 32 .

in the multivariable model , engaging in a 24 [h] s [,] self - reported stress , and age were independently associated with higher il - 8 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 engaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 in 4 model
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 engaging
2 the 4 model
3 multivariable 4 model
6 engaging 7 in
6 engaging 20 were
7 in 13 self
8 a 13 self
9 24 11 s
11 s 13 self
14 - 15 reported
15 reported 18 and
15 reported 20 were
16 stress 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 age
20 were 21 independently
20 were 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 25 il
24 higher 25 il
26 - 28 levels
26 - 29 .
27 8 28 levels

[a] 24 h [s] significantly increased il - 8 levels by 1.9 ng ( p = .007[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 h
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 24 3 h
3 h 6 increased
5 significantly 6 increased
6 increased 7 il
7 il 10 levels
8 - 10 levels
9 8 10 levels
10 levels 11 by
10 levels 16 =
10 levels 18 )
11 by 13 ng
12 1.9 13 ng
14 ( 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 17 .007[!]

similarly , for every unit increase [in] self - reported stress , there was a 0.11 ng increase in il - 8 levels ( p = .003[!] ) ; and for every one year advance in age of physicians , il - 8 levels also increased by 0.11 ng ( p = .018[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 13 there
3 for 8 self
3 for 13 there
4 every 8 self
5 unit 8 self
6 increase 8 self
9 - 10 reported
10 reported 11 stress
10 reported 12 ,
10 reported 13 there
13 there 14 was
14 was 18 increase
14 was 19 in
15 a 18 increase
16 0.11 17 ng
17 ng 18 increase
19 in 20 il
20 il 23 levels
21 - 23 levels
22 8 23 levels
23 levels 26 =
23 levels 29 ;
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 .003[!]
26 = 28 )
29 ; 30 and
30 and 44 levels
30 and 46 increased
31 for 35 advance
31 for 44 levels
32 every 35 advance
33 one 34 year
34 year 35 advance
35 advance 36 in
35 advance 38 of
35 advance 41 il
36 in 37 age
38 of 39 physicians
40 , 41 il
41 il 42 -
43 8 44 levels
44 levels 46 increased
45 also 46 increased
46 increased 47 by
46 increased 52 =
47 by 49 ng
48 0.11 49 ng
50 ( 52 =
51 p 52 =
52 = 53 .018[!]
52 = 54 )

conclusion : the 24 h [s] generated a prolonged response of the immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 h
2 : 7 generated
2 : 15 .
3 the 5 h
4 24 5 h
5 h 7 generated
7 generated 10 response
8 a 10 response
9 prolonged 10 response
10 response 11 of
11 of 14 system
12 the 14 system
13 immune 14 system

urinary il - [8] was a strong biomarker of stress under intensive and prolonged demands , both acutely [and] over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 il
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 urinary 2 il
3 - 5 was
5 was 8 biomarker
5 was 17 both
5 was 18 acutely
5 was 20 over
6 a 7 strong
6 a 8 biomarker
7 strong 8 biomarker
8 biomarker 9 of
9 of 10 stress
10 stress 11 under
11 under 13 and
12 intensive 13 and
13 and 15 demands
13 and 16 ,
14 prolonged 15 demands
20 over 21 time

because elevated il - 8 levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and negative psychological consequences , we suggest that emergency physicians limit their exposure to 24 h [s] , especially with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 suggest
1 because 3 il
1 because 8 associated
1 because 17 we
2 elevated 3 il
3 il 6 levels
3 il 7 are
3 il 8 associated
4 - 5 8
5 8 6 levels
6 levels 7 are
9 with 12 and
9 with 17 we
10 cardiovascular 11 disease
11 disease 12 and
12 and 15 consequences
12 and 16 ,
13 negative 15 consequences
14 psychological 15 consequences
17 we 18 suggest
18 suggest 19 that
19 that 21 physicians
19 that 22 limit
20 emergency 21 physicians
22 limit 24 exposure
23 their 24 exposure
24 exposure 25 to
24 exposure 31 with
25 to 27 h
26 24 27 h
29 , 30 especially
29 , 31 with
31 with 32 advancing
31 with 34 .
32 advancing 33 age

background : insulin resistance ( ir ) is believed to be the underlying mechanism of metabolic syndrome [and] type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 insulin
3 insulin 4 resistance
3 insulin 11 be
4 resistance 6 ir
4 resistance 8 is
5 ( 6 ir
6 ir 7 )
8 is 9 believed
9 believed 10 to
10 to 11 be
11 be 14 mechanism
12 the 14 mechanism
13 underlying 14 mechanism
14 mechanism 15 of
15 of 22 mellitus
16 metabolic 22 mellitus
17 syndrome 19 type
19 type 22 mellitus
20 2 21 diabetes
21 diabetes 22 mellitus
22 mellitus 24 dm
23 ( 24 dm
24 dm 25 )

recently , a few studies have demonstrated that phthalates could cause oxidative stress which would contribute to the development of ir . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 5 studies
3 a 4 few
4 few 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 8 that
8 that 9 phthalates
8 that 11 cause
9 phthalates 10 could
10 could 11 cause
11 cause 13 stress
12 oxidative 13 stress
13 stress 14 which
13 stress 15 would
14 which 15 would
15 would 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 to
17 to 19 development
18 the 19 development
19 development 20 of
20 of 21 ir

therefore , we evaluated whether exposure to phthalates affects ir , and oxidative stress is involved in the phthalates - ir pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 whether
4 evaluated 14 stress
4 evaluated 16 involved
5 whether 6 exposure
5 whether 9 affects
6 exposure 7 to
6 exposure 9 affects
7 to 8 phthalates
9 affects 12 and
10 ir 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 oxidative
14 stress 15 is
15 is 16 involved
16 involved 17 in
17 in 19 phthalates
18 the 19 phthalates
20 - 22 pathway
20 - 23 .
21 ir 22 pathway

methods : we recruited 560 elderly participants , and obtained blood and urine samples during repeated medical examinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 9 and
2 : 19 .
3 we 9 and
4 recruited 7 participants
4 recruited 9 and
5 560 7 participants
6 elderly 7 participants
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 obtained
10 obtained 12 and
10 obtained 15 during
11 blood 12 and
12 and 14 samples
13 urine 14 samples
15 during 18 examinations
16 repeated 18 examinations
17 medical 18 examinations

for the determination of phthalate exposure , we measured urinary levels of mono - [(] 2 - ethyl - 5 - hydroxyhexyl ) phthalate ( mehhp [ )(and mono - ( 2 - ethyl - 5 - oxohexyl ) phthalate [(] [meohp] [ )(as metabolites of diethylhexyl phthalates ( dehp ) , and mono - n - butyl phthalate [(] mnbp ) as a metabolite of di - butyl phthalate ( dbp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 measured
1 for 3 determination
1 for 7 ,
1 for 8 we
2 the 3 determination
3 determination 4 of
4 of 6 exposure
5 phthalate 6 exposure
8 we 9 measured
9 measured 11 levels
10 urinary 11 levels
11 levels 12 of
12 of 24 phthalate
13 mono 17 -
13 mono 24 phthalate
14 - 17 -
16 2 17 -
17 - 18 ethyl
18 ethyl 20 5
18 ethyl 22 hydroxyhexyl
19 - 20 5
20 5 21 -
21 - 22 hydroxyhexyl
22 hydroxyhexyl 23 )
24 phthalate 28 )(and
24 phthalate 33 -
25 ( 28 )(and
26 mehhp 28 )(and
28 )(and 29 mono
28 )(and 30 -
31 ( 33 -
32 2 33 -
33 - 34 ethyl
34 ethyl 36 5
34 ethyl 40 phthalate
35 - 36 5
36 5 38 oxohexyl
36 5 40 phthalate
37 - 38 oxohexyl
38 oxohexyl 39 )
40 phthalate 44 )(as
44 )(as 53 and
45 metabolites 46 of
45 metabolites 53 and
46 of 48 phthalates
47 diethylhexyl 48 phthalates
48 phthalates 50 dehp
49 ( 50 dehp
50 dehp 51 )
52 , 53 and
53 and 61 mnbp
53 and 62 )
53 and 63 as
54 mono 57 -
54 mono 59 phthalate
55 - 57 -
56 n 57 -
57 - 58 butyl
59 phthalate 61 mnbp
63 as 65 metabolite
64 a 65 metabolite
65 metabolite 66 of
65 metabolite 70 phthalate
66 of 67 di
68 - 70 phthalate
69 butyl 70 phthalate
70 phthalate 72 dbp
70 phthalate 74 .
71 ( 72 dbp
72 dbp 73 )

malondialdehyde ( mda ) , an oxidative stress biomarker , was also measured in urine samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mda
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 malondialdehyde 3 mda
2 ( 3 mda
3 mda 4 )
3 mda 9 biomarker
3 mda 11 was
5 , 9 biomarker
6 an 7 oxidative
6 an 9 biomarker
7 oxidative 8 stress
8 stress 9 biomarker
9 biomarker 10 ,
11 was 12 also
11 was 13 measured
13 measured 14 in
14 in 16 samples
15 urine 16 samples

we measured serum levels of fasting glucose and insulin , and derived the homeostatic model assessment ( homa ) [index] to assess ir . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 11 and
2 measured 4 levels
2 measured 11 and
3 serum 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
5 of 8 and
6 fasting 7 glucose
7 glucose 8 and
8 and 9 insulin
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 derived
11 and 21 to
12 derived 16 assessment
13 the 16 assessment
14 homeostatic 16 assessment
15 model 16 assessment
16 assessment 18 homa
17 ( 18 homa
18 homa 19 )
21 to 22 assess
22 assess 23 ir

a mixed [-] effect model and penalized regression spline were used to estimate the associations among phthalate metabolites , mda , and ir . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 5 model
2 mixed 4 effect
4 effect 5 model
5 model 6 and
6 and 9 spline
6 and 10 were
7 penalized 9 spline
8 regression 9 spline
10 were 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 estimate
12 to 13 estimate
13 estimate 15 associations
14 the 15 associations
15 associations 16 among
16 among 22 and
17 phthalate 18 metabolites
18 metabolites 19 ,
19 , 20 mda
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 ir

results : the molar sum of mehhp and meohp ( ∑dehp ) were significantly associated with homa ( β [=] 0.26 , p = 0.040 ) , and the association [was] apparent among participants with a history of dm ( β [=] 0.88 , p = 0.037 ) and [among] females ( β [=] 0.30 , p = 0.022 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
3 the 5 sum
4 molar 5 sum
5 sum 6 of
5 sum 8 and
6 of 7 mehhp
8 and 9 meohp
8 and 11 ∑dehp
8 and 13 were
10 ( 11 ∑dehp
11 ∑dehp 12 )
13 were 15 associated
14 significantly 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 28 and
17 homa 19 β
17 homa 28 and
18 ( 19 β
19 β 21 0.26
19 β 24 =
19 β 27 ,
22 , 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.040
24 = 26 )
28 and 30 association
28 and 38 of
29 the 30 association
30 association 32 apparent
32 apparent 33 among
32 apparent 35 with
33 among 34 participants
35 with 37 history
36 a 37 history
38 of 49 and
39 dm 41 β
39 dm 49 and
40 ( 41 β
41 β 46 =
41 β 48 )
43 0.88 46 =
44 , 46 =
45 p 46 =
46 = 47 0.037
49 and 51 females
49 and 53 β
52 ( 53 β
53 β 55 0.30
53 β 58 =
53 β 61 .
56 , 58 =
57 p 58 =
58 = 59 0.022
58 = 60 )

however , the relation between mnbp and homa was not found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 relation
3 the 4 relation
4 relation 5 between
4 relation 9 was
5 between 7 and
6 mnbp 7 and
7 and 8 homa
9 was 10 not
9 was 11 found

when we evaluated whether oxidative stress is involved in increases of homa by ∑dehp , mda levels were significantly associated with increases of ∑dehp [(] β = 0.11 , p<0.001 ) and homa [(] β = 0.49 , p = 0.049 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 when 2 we
1 when 3 evaluated
1 when 26 β
2 we 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 4 whether
4 whether 6 stress
4 whether 8 involved
5 oxidative 6 stress
6 stress 7 is
7 is 8 involved
8 involved 9 in
8 involved 13 by
9 in 10 increases
10 increases 11 of
11 of 12 homa
13 by 16 mda
14 ∑dehp 15 ,
14 ∑dehp 16 mda
16 mda 17 levels
16 mda 23 of
17 levels 18 were
18 were 20 associated
19 significantly 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 increases
22 increases 23 of
24 ∑dehp 26 β
26 β 27 =
27 = 28 0.11
28 0.11 30 p<0.001
29 , 30 p<0.001
30 p<0.001 31 )
32 and 33 homa
32 and 35 β
33 homa 35 β
35 β 37 0.49
36 = 37 0.49
37 0.49 40 =
38 , 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.049
40 = 42 )

conclusions : our study results suggest that exposure to dehp in the elderly population increases ir , which is related with oxidative stress , and that participants with a history of dm and females are more susceptible to dehp exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 results
2 : 6 suggest
2 : 33 and
2 : 41 .
3 our 5 results
4 study 5 results
5 results 6 suggest
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 8 exposure
7 that 15 increases
8 exposure 9 to
8 exposure 15 increases
9 to 10 dehp
10 dehp 11 in
11 in 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 elderly 14 population
15 increases 27 participants
16 ir 18 which
16 ir 25 and
17 , 18 which
18 which 19 is
18 which 24 ,
19 is 20 related
20 related 21 with
21 with 23 stress
22 oxidative 23 stress
25 and 26 that
25 and 27 participants
27 participants 28 with
27 participants 31 of
28 with 30 history
29 a 30 history
31 of 32 dm
33 and 34 females
33 and 35 are
34 females 35 are
35 are 36 more
35 are 37 susceptible
37 susceptible 38 to
38 to 40 exposure
39 dehp 40 exposure

the purpose of this study was to characterize quadriceps femoris muscle fatigue of both lower extremities in patients with knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 characterize
7 to 8 characterize
8 characterize 9 quadriceps
9 quadriceps 10 femoris
9 quadriceps 11 muscle
10 femoris 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 fatigue
11 muscle 17 in
11 muscle 19 with
12 fatigue 13 of
13 of 16 extremities
14 both 16 extremities
15 lower 16 extremities
17 in 18 patients
19 with 21 osteoarthritis
20 knee 21 osteoarthritis
21 osteoarthritis 23 oa
22 ( 23 oa
23 oa 24 )

sixty - two subjects ( mean age 68.2 years , standard deviation [ sd ] ± 7.9 years [ )( knee oa participated in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 sixty 2 -
2 - 3 two
2 - 4 subjects
4 subjects 9 years
4 subjects 16 ±
5 ( 9 years
6 mean 7 age
7 age 9 years
8 68.2 9 years
9 years 12 deviation
9 years 15 ]
10 , 12 deviation
11 standard 12 deviation
12 deviation 14 sd
12 deviation 15 ]
13 [ 14 sd
14 sd 15 ]
16 ± 18 years
16 ± 24 in
17 7.9 18 years
18 years 22 oa
18 years 23 participated
21 knee 22 oa
22 oa 23 participated
24 in 26 study
25 the 26 study

significantly higher knee pain was reported in the involved knee than in the contralateral knee , as determined by a visual analog scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 significantly 2 higher
2 higher 3 knee
3 knee 4 pain
4 pain 5 was
5 was 6 reported
6 reported 7 in
6 reported 11 than
6 reported 19 by
7 in 10 knee
8 the 10 knee
9 involved 10 knee
11 than 12 in
12 in 15 knee
13 the 15 knee
14 contralateral 15 knee
15 knee 18 determined
16 , 18 determined
17 as 18 determined
19 by 23 scale
20 a 21 visual
20 a 23 scale
21 visual 22 analog
22 analog 23 scale

significant differences were demonstrated between the lower extremities in terms of maximal voluntary isometric contraction , in favor of the less involved leg ( p = 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 significant 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 between
4 demonstrated 9 in
5 between 8 extremities
6 the 8 extremities
7 lower 8 extremities
9 in 10 terms
10 terms 11 of
11 of 15 contraction
12 maximal 15 contraction
13 voluntary 15 contraction
14 isometric 15 contraction
15 contraction 17 in
16 , 17 in
17 in 18 favor
17 in 28 )
18 favor 19 of
19 of 23 leg
20 the 23 leg
21 less 22 involved
22 involved 23 leg
23 leg 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.0001
26 = 28 )

in contrast , the degree of fatigue of the quadriceps femoris muscle , as measured by the [decrement] [in] force production following ten repeated contractions , was significantly higher in the contralateral leg ( p = 0.0002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 fatigue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 fatigue
4 the 5 degree
5 degree 6 of
5 degree 7 fatigue
6 of 7 fatigue
7 fatigue 8 of
7 fatigue 11 femoris
7 fatigue 12 muscle
7 fatigue 15 measured
7 fatigue 27 was
8 of 10 quadriceps
9 the 10 quadriceps
11 femoris 12 muscle
13 , 15 measured
14 as 15 measured
15 measured 16 by
15 measured 26 ,
16 by 21 production
17 the 21 production
20 force 21 production
21 production 22 following
22 following 25 contractions
23 ten 25 contractions
24 repeated 25 contractions
27 was 29 higher
28 significantly 29 higher
29 higher 30 in
29 higher 36 =
30 in 33 leg
31 the 33 leg
32 contralateral 33 leg
34 ( 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.0002
36 = 38 )

furthermore , normalization of the fatigue results to the first contraction yielded a similar result ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 normalization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 yielded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 normalization
3 normalization 4 of
3 normalization 12 yielded
4 of 7 results
5 the 7 results
6 fatigue 7 results
7 results 8 to
8 to 11 contraction
9 the 10 first
9 the 11 contraction
12 yielded 15 result
13 a 14 similar
13 a 15 result
14 similar 15 result
15 result 18 <
16 ( 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.0001
18 < 20 )

similar results were noted when analysis was performed separately for subjects whose involvement was unilateral or bilateral . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 similar 2 results
2 results 3 were
3 were 4 noted
4 noted 5 when
4 noted 9 separately
4 noted 10 for
4 noted 16 or
5 when 6 analysis
5 when 7 was
6 analysis 7 was
7 was 8 performed
10 for 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 whose
12 whose 13 involvement
13 involvement 14 was
15 unilateral 16 or
16 or 17 bilateral

the results indicate that , irrespective of the initial strength of contraction , the rate of muscle fatigue in the contralateral leg is significantly higher than in the involved leg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 15 rate
4 that 23 is
5 , 7 of
6 irrespective 7 of
7 of 10 strength
7 of 13 ,
7 of 15 rate
8 the 10 strength
9 initial 10 strength
10 strength 11 of
11 of 12 contraction
14 the 15 rate
15 rate 16 of
15 rate 23 is
16 of 18 fatigue
17 muscle 18 fatigue
18 fatigue 19 in
19 in 22 leg
20 the 22 leg
21 contralateral 22 leg
23 is 25 higher
24 significantly 25 higher
25 higher 26 than
26 than 27 in
27 in 30 leg
28 the 30 leg
29 involved 30 leg

hypotheses for these unexpected results are suggested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hypotheses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 hypotheses 2 for
1 hypotheses 6 are
2 for 5 results
3 these 5 results
4 unexpected 5 results
6 are 7 suggested

rehabilitation of patients with knee oa should focus on increasing quadriceps muscle strength and endurance for both lower extremities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rehabilitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 rehabilitation 2 of
1 rehabilitation 7 should
2 of 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
4 with 6 oa
5 knee 6 oa
7 should 8 focus
8 focus 9 on
8 focus 14 and
8 focus 16 for
9 on 10 increasing
10 increasing 11 quadriceps
12 muscle 13 strength
13 strength 14 and
14 and 15 endurance
16 for 19 extremities
17 both 19 extremities
18 lower 19 extremities

introduction : the aim of this study is to report our 6 - year single - center experience with l5 - s1 axial lumbar interbody fusion ( axialif ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 8 is
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 is
8 is 9 to
9 to 10 report
10 report 12 6
11 our 12 6
12 6 18 experience
12 6 26 fusion
13 - 18 experience
14 year 18 experience
15 single 16 -
15 single 17 center
17 center 18 experience
18 experience 19 with
18 experience 21 -
19 with 20 l5
21 - 26 fusion
22 s1 26 fusion
23 axial 25 interbody
24 lumbar 25 interbody
25 interbody 26 fusion
26 fusion 28 axialif
26 fusion 29 )
27 ( 28 axialif
28 axialif 29 )

methods : a total of 131 patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease refractory to nonsurgical treatment were treated with axialif at l5 - s1 , and were followed for a minimum of 1 year ( mean [:] 21 months ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 patients
6 131 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
7 patients 13 refractory
8 with 12 disease
9 symptomatic 11 disc
10 degenerative 11 disc
11 disc 12 disease
13 refractory 14 to
14 to 16 treatment
15 nonsurgical 16 treatment
16 treatment 26 and
16 treatment 32 of
17 were 18 treated
17 were 26 and
18 treated 19 with
18 treated 21 at
19 with 20 axialif
21 at 22 l5
22 l5 24 s1
23 - 24 s1
24 s1 25 ,
26 and 27 were
27 were 28 followed
28 followed 29 for
29 for 31 minimum
30 a 31 minimum
32 of 34 year
33 1 34 year
34 year 39 months
35 ( 39 months
36 mean 39 months
38 21 39 months
39 months 40 )

main outcomes included back and leg pain severity , oswestry disability index score , working status , analgesic medication use , patient satisfaction , and complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 included
2 outcomes 5 and
3 included 4 back
5 and 8 severity
5 and 9 ,
6 leg 7 pain
7 pain 8 severity
9 , 13 score
9 , 14 ,
10 oswestry 11 disability
11 disability 12 index
12 index 13 score
14 , 16 status
14 , 17 ,
15 working 16 status
17 , 20 use
17 , 21 ,
18 analgesic 19 medication
19 medication 20 use
21 , 23 satisfaction
21 , 25 and
22 patient 23 satisfaction
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 complications

computed tomography was used to determine postoperative fusion status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tomography
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 computed 2 tomography
2 tomography 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 determine
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 9 status
7 postoperative 8 fusion
8 fusion 9 status

results : no intraoperative complications , including vascular , neural , urologic , or bowel injuries , were reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 5 complications
2 : 19 reported
3 no 5 complications
4 intraoperative 5 complications
5 complications 7 including
5 complications 18 were
6 , 7 including
7 including 14 or
7 including 17 ,
8 vascular 9 ,
9 , 10 neural
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 urologic
11 , 14 or
13 , 14 or
14 or 16 injuries
14 or 17 ,
15 bowel 16 injuries
18 were 19 reported

back and leg pain severity decreased by 51 % and 42 % , respectively , [during] [the] follow - up period ( [both] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 back 2 and
2 and 3 leg
2 and 4 pain
4 pain 5 severity
5 severity 6 decreased
6 decreased 7 by
7 by 9 %
8 51 9 %
10 and 12 %
10 and 18 follow
11 42 12 %
12 % 18 follow
13 , 14 respectively
14 respectively 15 ,
14 respectively 18 follow
18 follow 20 up
19 - 20 up
20 up 21 period
20 up 27 )
21 period 25 <
22 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.001
25 < 27 )

back function scores improved 50 % compared to baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 back 3 scores
2 function 3 scores
3 scores 4 improved
4 improved 6 %
5 50 6 %
6 % 7 compared
7 compared 8 to
8 to 9 baseline

clinical success , defined as improvement ≥30 % , was 67 % for back pain severity , 65 % for leg pain severity , and 71 % [for] back function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 success
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 clinical 2 success
2 success 4 defined
2 success 10 was
3 , 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
4 defined 9 ,
5 as 8 %
6 improvement 7 ≥30
7 ≥30 8 %
10 was 12 %
11 67 12 %
12 % 13 for
13 for 16 severity
14 back 16 severity
15 pain 16 severity
17 , 19 %
17 , 30 function
18 65 19 %
19 % 20 for
19 % 30 function
20 for 25 and
21 leg 23 severity
22 pain 23 severity
23 severity 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 29 back
26 71 27 %
27 % 29 back

the employment rate increased from 47 % before surgery to 64 % at [final] [follow] - up ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 rate
2 employment 3 rate
3 rate 4 increased
4 increased 5 from
4 increased 8 before
4 increased 10 to
5 from 7 %
6 47 7 %
8 before 9 surgery
10 to 12 %
11 64 12 %
12 % 13 at
12 % 20 <
13 at 17 up
16 - 17 up
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.001
20 < 22 )

less than one in four patients regularly used analgesic medications postsurgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 less 2 than
2 than 3 one
3 one 4 in
3 one 8 used
4 in 6 patients
5 four 6 patients
7 regularly 8 used
8 used 11 postsurgery
9 analgesic 11 postsurgery
10 medications 11 postsurgery

patient satisfaction with the axialif procedure was 83 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 satisfaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 patient 2 satisfaction
2 satisfaction 3 with
2 satisfaction 7 was
3 with 6 procedure
4 the 6 procedure
5 axialif 6 procedure
7 was 9 %
8 83 9 %

the fusion rate was 87.8 % at [final] [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 rate
2 fusion 3 rate
3 rate 4 was
4 was 6 %
5 87.8 6 %
6 % 7 at
7 at 11 up
10 - 11 up

[during] follow - up , 17 ( 13.0 % ) patients underwent 18 reoperations on the lumbar spine , including pedicle screw fixation ( n = 10 ) , total disc replacement of an uninvolved level ( n = 3 ) , facet screw fixation ( n = 3 ) , facet screw removal ( n = 1 ) , and interbody fusion at l4 - l5 ( n = 1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 73 .
3 - 11 patients
3 - 12 underwent
4 up 6 17
4 up 10 )
4 up 11 patients
5 , 6 17
6 17 9 %
6 17 10 )
7 ( 9 %
8 13.0 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 patients 12 underwent
12 underwent 61 and
12 underwent 64 at
13 18 14 reoperations
14 reoperations 15 on
14 reoperations 61 and
15 on 18 spine
16 the 18 spine
17 lumbar 18 spine
18 spine 20 including
18 spine 32 replacement
19 , 20 including
20 including 23 fixation
20 including 28 )
21 pedicle 22 screw
22 screw 23 fixation
23 fixation 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 10
26 = 28 )
29 , 32 replacement
30 total 32 replacement
31 disc 32 replacement
32 replacement 33 of
32 replacement 60 ,
33 of 45 fixation
34 an 45 fixation
35 uninvolved 43 facet
36 level 39 =
36 level 42 ,
36 level 43 facet
37 ( 39 =
38 n 39 =
39 = 40 3
39 = 41 )
43 facet 44 screw
44 screw 45 fixation
45 fixation 48 =
45 fixation 54 removal
46 ( 48 =
47 n 48 =
48 = 49 3
48 = 50 )
51 , 54 removal
52 facet 54 removal
53 screw 54 removal
54 removal 57 =
54 removal 59 )
55 ( 57 =
56 n 57 =
57 = 58 1
60 , 61 and
61 and 63 fusion
62 interbody 63 fusion
64 at 65 l4
65 l4 67 l5
66 - 67 l5
67 l5 70 =
67 l5 72 )
68 ( 70 =
69 n 70 =
70 = 71 1

eight ( 6.1 % ) [reoperations] were at the index level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 eight 4 %
1 eight 7 were
2 ( 4 %
3 6.1 4 %
4 % 5 )
7 were 8 at
7 were 11 level
8 at 10 index
9 the 10 index

conclusion : single - level axialif is a safe and effective means to achieve lumbosacral fusion in patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 level
3 single 4 -
3 single 5 level
5 level 6 axialif
5 level 14 achieve
6 axialif 7 is
7 is 12 means
7 is 13 to
8 a 12 means
9 safe 10 and
10 and 11 effective
10 and 12 means
13 to 14 achieve
14 achieve 16 fusion
14 achieve 17 in
14 achieve 19 with
15 lumbosacral 16 fusion
17 in 18 patients
19 with 23 disease
20 symptomatic 22 disc
21 degenerative 22 disc
22 disc 23 disease

pulmonary o2 uptake ( v ( [o₂p] [ )( )(and leg blood flow ( lbf ) kinetics were examined at the onset of moderate - intensity exercise , [during] hyperventilation [with] and without associated hypocapnic alkalosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 o2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 pulmonary 2 o2
2 o2 3 uptake
2 o2 17 kinetics
2 o2 18 were
3 uptake 10 )(and
3 uptake 17 kinetics
4 ( 10 )(and
5 v 10 )(and
6 ( 10 )(and
10 )(and 13 flow
10 )(and 15 lbf
10 )(and 16 )
11 leg 13 flow
12 blood 13 flow
14 ( 15 lbf
15 lbf 16 )
18 were 19 examined
19 examined 32 and
20 at 22 onset
20 at 32 and
21 the 22 onset
22 onset 23 of
23 of 30 hyperventilation
24 moderate 27 exercise
24 moderate 30 hyperventilation
25 - 27 exercise
26 intensity 27 exercise
27 exercise 28 ,
32 and 33 without
33 without 36 alkalosis
34 associated 36 alkalosis
35 hypocapnic 36 alkalosis

[the] [v] [(] o₂p ) was measured breath by breath using mass spectrometry and a volume turbine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 o₂p
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
4 o₂p 5 )
4 o₂p 6 was
6 was 8 breath
6 was 9 by
7 measured 8 breath
9 by 14 and
10 breath 11 using
10 breath 14 and
11 using 13 spectrometry
12 mass 13 spectrometry
14 and 17 turbine
15 a 16 volume
15 a 17 turbine
16 volume 17 turbine

femoral artery mean blood velocity was measured by doppler ultrasound , and lbf was calculated from femoral artery diameter [and] mean blood velocity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 velocity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 femoral 2 artery
2 artery 5 velocity
3 mean 4 blood
4 blood 5 velocity
5 velocity 6 was
6 was 7 measured
7 measured 8 by
7 measured 10 ultrasound
8 by 9 doppler
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 lbf
12 and 15 calculated
13 lbf 14 was
14 was 15 calculated
15 calculated 16 from
16 from 23 velocity
17 femoral 18 artery
18 artery 19 diameter
19 diameter 23 velocity
21 mean 23 velocity
22 blood 23 velocity

phase [2] v ( o₂p ) kinetics [(] τv ( o₂p [ )( (was different ( p < 0.05 ) amongst all three conditions ( con , 19 ± 7 s [;] hypo , 43 ± 17 [s] [;] and normo , 30 ± [8] s [ )(, while lbf kinetics [(] τlbf ) [was] slower [(] [p] < 0.05 [ )(in hypo ( 31 ± [9] s ) compared with both con ( 19 ± [3] s ) and normo ( 20 ± [6] s ) . 
1 phase 3 v
1 phase 5 o₂p
1 phase 9 τv
4 ( 5 o₂p
5 o₂p 6 )
7 kinetics 9 τv
9 τv 11 o₂p
9 τv 14 (was
10 ( 11 o₂p
11 o₂p 13 )(
14 (was 15 different
15 different 18 <
15 different 21 amongst
16 ( 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.05
18 < 20 )
21 amongst 24 conditions
22 all 23 three
23 three 24 conditions
24 conditions 26 con
24 conditions 33 hypo
24 conditions 36 ±
25 ( 26 con
26 con 27 ,
27 , 33 hypo
28 19 33 hypo
29 ± 33 hypo
30 7 31 s
31 s 33 hypo
33 hypo 34 ,
34 , 36 ±
35 43 36 ±
36 ± 48 )(,
37 17 40 and
40 and 41 normo
41 normo 46 s
42 , 46 s
43 30 46 s
44 ± 46 s
46 s 48 )(,
48 )(, 49 while
49 while 50 lbf
49 while 51 kinetics
49 while 54 )
49 while 56 slower
50 lbf 51 kinetics
51 kinetics 53 τlbf
56 slower 63 hypo
59 < 60 0.05
60 0.05 62 )(in
62 )(in 63 hypo
63 hypo 68 s
63 hypo 70 compared
64 ( 68 s
65 31 68 s
66 ± 68 s
68 s 69 )
70 compared 71 with
71 with 80 and
72 both 80 and
73 con 78 s
73 con 80 and
74 ( 78 s
75 19 78 s
76 ± 78 s
78 s 79 )
80 and 81 normo
80 and 88 .
81 normo 86 s
82 ( 86 s
83 20 86 s
84 ± 86 s
86 s 87 )

similar to previous findings , hypo [was] associated with [slower] v ( o₂p ) and lbf kinetics compared with con . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 similar 2 to
1 similar 15 and
2 to 4 findings
3 previous 4 findings
4 findings 6 hypo
5 , 6 hypo
6 hypo 8 associated
6 hypo 9 with
6 hypo 13 o₂p
6 hypo 14 )
9 with 11 v
12 ( 13 o₂p
13 o₂p 14 )
15 and 17 kinetics
15 and 18 compared
16 lbf 17 kinetics
18 compared 19 with
19 with 20 con

in the present study , preventing [the] fall in end [-] [tidal] p ( co₂ ) ( normo ) restored lbf kinetics [,] but not v ( o₂p ) [kinetics] , which remained ['] slowed ['] relative to con . 
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 fall
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 preventing 8 fall
8 fall 9 in
8 fall 15 co₂
8 fall 18 normo
8 fall 20 restored
9 in 10 end
10 end 13 p
14 ( 15 co₂
15 co₂ 16 )
17 ( 18 normo
18 normo 19 )
20 restored 22 kinetics
21 lbf 22 kinetics
22 kinetics 24 but
22 kinetics 28 o₂p
22 kinetics 32 which
24 but 25 not
24 but 26 v
27 ( 28 o₂p
28 o₂p 29 )
31 , 32 which
32 which 33 remained
32 which 40 .
33 remained 37 relative
33 remained 38 to
35 slowed 37 relative
38 to 39 con

these data suggest that the hyperventilation manoeuvre itself [(] i.e . independent [of] induced hypocapnic alkalosis [ )(may contribute to the slower [v] [(] [o₂p] ) kinetics observed during hypo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 hyperventilation
4 that 7 manoeuvre
5 the 6 hyperventilation
7 manoeuvre 8 itself
7 manoeuvre 10 i.e
11 . 16 alkalosis
11 . 19 contribute
12 independent 16 alkalosis
14 induced 16 alkalosis
15 hypocapnic 16 alkalosis
16 alkalosis 18 )(may
18 )(may 19 contribute
19 contribute 20 to
19 contribute 29 during
20 to 27 kinetics
21 the 27 kinetics
22 slower 26 )
22 slower 27 kinetics
27 kinetics 28 observed
29 during 30 hypo

background : older people are exposed to multiple medicines that possess anticholinergic properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 people
2 : 6 exposed
2 : 14 .
3 older 4 people
4 people 5 are
5 are 6 exposed
6 exposed 7 to
7 to 9 medicines
8 multiple 9 medicines
9 medicines 10 that
9 medicines 11 possess
10 that 11 possess
11 possess 13 properties
12 anticholinergic 13 properties

the use of anticholinergic medicines is associated with the risk of morbidity , mortality and cognitive decline , particularly in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 6 is
3 of 5 medicines
4 anticholinergic 5 medicines
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 19 particularly
8 with 10 risk
9 the 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
11 of 12 morbidity
12 morbidity 15 and
13 , 15 and
14 mortality 15 and
15 and 17 decline
15 and 18 ,
16 cognitive 17 decline
19 particularly 20 in
20 in 22 people
21 older 22 people

anticholinergic exposure can be measured using tools such as the drug burden index - anticholinergic component ( dbi - ach ) and the anticholinergic drug scale ( ads ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 anticholinergic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 anticholinergic 4 be
2 exposure 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 measured
5 measured 6 using
6 using 22 and
7 tools 9 as
7 tools 22 and
8 such 9 as
9 as 13 index
10 the 13 index
11 drug 12 burden
12 burden 13 index
13 index 20 ach
14 - 20 ach
15 anticholinergic 20 ach
16 component 18 dbi
16 component 19 -
16 component 20 ach
17 ( 18 dbi
18 dbi 19 -
20 ach 21 )
22 and 26 scale
22 and 28 ads
23 the 26 scale
24 anticholinergic 25 drug
25 drug 26 scale
27 ( 28 ads
28 ads 29 )

objective : the aim of this population - level study was to determine the extent of anticholinergic exposure in older people , particularly among those receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in new zealand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 23 particularly
2 : 29 in
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
5 of 7 population
6 this 7 population
7 population 9 level
8 - 9 level
9 level 10 study
9 level 13 determine
9 level 22 ,
10 study 11 was
11 was 12 to
11 was 13 determine
12 to 13 determine
13 determine 15 extent
13 determine 19 in
14 the 15 extent
15 extent 16 of
16 of 18 exposure
17 anticholinergic 18 exposure
19 in 21 people
20 older 21 people
23 particularly 24 among
24 among 28 inhibitors
25 those 28 inhibitors
26 receiving 27 acetylcholinesterase
27 acetylcholinesterase 28 inhibitors
29 in 31 zealand
30 new 31 zealand

methods : the study used data extracted from pharmaceutical claims data mart ( pharms ) for the year 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 data
3 the 6 data
4 study 5 used
5 used 6 data
6 data 7 extracted
7 extracted 8 from
7 extracted 16 for
8 from 12 mart
9 pharmaceutical 10 claims
10 claims 11 data
11 data 12 mart
12 mart 14 pharms
13 ( 14 pharms
14 pharms 15 )
16 for 18 year
17 the 18 year
18 year 19 2011

a total of 537,387 individuals aged 65 years and older were included in the study [,] of whom 45.10 % were men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 5 individuals
2 total 11 were
2 total 12 included
3 of 4 537,387
5 individuals 6 aged
5 individuals 11 were
6 aged 9 and
7 65 8 years
8 years 9 and
9 and 10 older
12 included 13 in
12 included 22 men
13 in 15 study
14 the 15 study
15 study 17 of
17 of 18 whom
18 whom 20 %
18 whom 21 were
19 45.10 20 %
20 % 21 were

individuals dispensed donepezil at any time during 2011 were selected as the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ( achei ) [group] ( n = 4,258 [ )( the remainder were included in [the] [non] - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [(] [non] - achei ) [group] ( n = 533,129 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dispensed
1 individuals 2 dispensed
2 dispensed 3 donepezil
3 donepezil 4 at
3 donepezil 10 selected
3 donepezil 11 as
4 at 5 any
5 any 6 time
5 any 9 were
6 time 7 during
6 time 9 were
7 during 8 2011
11 as 14 inhibitor
12 the 14 inhibitor
13 acetylcholinesterase 14 inhibitor
14 inhibitor 16 achei
14 inhibitor 21 =
15 ( 16 achei
16 achei 17 )
19 ( 21 =
20 n 21 =
21 = 22 4,258
22 4,258 26 remainder
22 4,258 29 in
22 4,258 34 inhibitor
25 the 26 remainder
26 remainder 27 were
27 were 28 included
28 included 29 in
32 - 34 inhibitor
33 acetylcholinesterase 34 inhibitor
34 inhibitor 38 achei
34 inhibitor 43 =
34 inhibitor 46 .
37 - 38 achei
38 achei 39 )
41 ( 43 =
42 n 43 =
43 = 44 533,129
43 = 45 )

anticholinergic exposure was measured using the dbi - ach and the ads . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measured
1 anticholinergic 2 exposure
2 exposure 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 using
5 using 7 dbi
6 the 7 dbi
7 dbi 10 and
8 - 10 and
9 ach 10 and
10 and 12 ads
10 and 13 .
11 the 12 ads

results : analysis of the pharms dataset revealed that , in 2011 , anticholinergic exposure [as] defined by the dbi - ach and the ads was 31.80 [%] and 52.66 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 analysis
2 : 8 revealed
2 : 21 -
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 8 revealed
4 of 7 dataset
5 the 7 dataset
6 pharms 7 dataset
8 revealed 9 that
8 revealed 11 in
10 , 11 in
11 in 12 2011
11 in 21 -
12 2011 15 exposure
13 , 15 exposure
14 anticholinergic 15 exposure
15 exposure 17 defined
15 exposure 18 by
15 exposure 21 -
18 by 20 dbi
19 the 20 dbi
21 - 22 ach
21 - 23 and
23 and 25 ads
23 and 26 was
24 the 25 ads
25 ads 26 was
26 was 31 %
26 was 33 respectively
27 31.80 29 and
29 and 30 52.66
29 and 31 %
32 , 33 respectively
33 respectively 34 .

the mean number of medicines dispensed was 5.64 ± 3.91 ( ± sd ) with a 95 % confidence interval of 5.63 - 5.65 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 number
2 mean 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 7 was
4 of 5 medicines
5 medicines 6 dispensed
7 was 9 ±
7 was 15 with
8 5.64 9 ±
9 ± 10 3.91
9 ± 13 sd
11 ( 13 sd
12 ± 13 sd
13 sd 14 )
15 with 20 interval
16 a 20 interval
17 95 18 %
18 % 19 confidence
19 confidence 20 interval
20 interval 21 of
21 of 23 -
22 5.63 23 -
23 - 24 5.65

in the achei group , anticholinergic exposure using the dbi - ach and [the] ads was 42.93 % ( median 0 ; interquartile range ( iqr [ )(1 [ )(and 58.50 % [(] median 0 [;] iqr 0 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 interquartile
1 in 4 group
1 in 11 -
1 in 15 ads
2 the 4 group
3 achei 4 group
4 group 7 exposure
5 , 7 exposure
6 anticholinergic 7 exposure
7 exposure 8 using
7 exposure 11 -
8 using 10 dbi
9 the 10 dbi
12 ach 13 and
13 and 15 ads
15 ads 16 was
16 was 18 %
17 42.93 18 %
18 % 20 median
19 ( 20 median
20 median 21 0
20 median 22 ;
22 ; 23 interquartile
23 interquartile 24 range
23 interquartile 41 respectively
24 range 37 iqr
25 ( 37 iqr
26 iqr 28 )(1
26 iqr 30 )(and
30 )(and 34 median
30 )(and 37 iqr
31 58.50 32 %
32 % 34 median
34 median 35 0
37 iqr 38 0
37 iqr 39 )
40 , 41 respectively
41 respectively 42 .

ads level 3 medicines such as amitriptyline , nortriptyline and oxybutynin were commonly prescribed in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 ads 2 level
2 level 4 medicines
3 3 4 medicines
4 medicines 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 7 amitriptyline
8 , 10 and
8 , 14 prescribed
9 nortriptyline 10 and
10 and 11 oxybutynin
10 and 12 were
12 were 14 prescribed
13 commonly 14 prescribed
14 prescribed 15 in
15 in 17 groups
16 both 17 groups

amitriptyline , nortriptyline , oxybutynin and paroxetine are medicines considered to have significant anticholinergic potency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 amitriptyline 2 ,
2 , 3 nortriptyline
2 , 4 ,
4 , 5 oxybutynin
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 paroxetine
6 and 8 are
8 are 9 medicines
9 medicines 10 considered
10 considered 11 to
10 considered 12 have
11 to 12 have
12 have 15 potency
13 significant 15 potency
14 anticholinergic 15 potency

of these medicines , nortriptyline and oxybutynin were more frequently prescribed in individuals taking donepezil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 prescribed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 of 3 medicines
1 of 4 ,
1 of 6 and
2 these 3 medicines
5 nortriptyline 6 and
6 and 7 oxybutynin
6 and 8 were
8 were 11 prescribed
9 more 10 frequently
10 frequently 11 prescribed
11 prescribed 12 in
12 in 13 individuals
13 individuals 14 taking
14 taking 15 donepezil

conclusions : a significant proportion of older people [are] exposed to medicines with anticholinergic properties , including those dispensed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 proportion
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 proportion
4 significant 5 proportion
5 proportion 6 of
5 proportion 10 exposed
5 proportion 17 including
6 of 8 people
7 older 8 people
10 exposed 11 to
11 to 12 medicines
12 medicines 13 with
13 with 15 properties
14 anticholinergic 15 properties
16 , 17 including
17 including 21 inhibitors
17 including 22 .
18 those 21 inhibitors
19 dispensed 20 acetylcholinesterase
20 acetylcholinesterase 21 inhibitors

further research is required to explore associations between different measures of anticholinergic exposure and clinically relevant outcomes in older people on a population level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 required
4 required 5 to
4 required 6 explore
5 to 6 explore
6 explore 7 associations
6 explore 8 between
8 between 10 measures
9 different 10 measures
10 measures 11 of
11 of 13 exposure
12 anticholinergic 13 exposure
14 and 17 outcomes
14 and 24 level
15 clinically 17 outcomes
16 relevant 17 outcomes
17 outcomes 18 in
17 outcomes 24 level
18 in 20 people
19 older 20 people
20 people 21 on
21 on 23 population
22 a 23 population

none none background : with the expected rise in newly diagnosed cancer cases among the elderly in singapore , the affordability of cancer treatments , particularly of targeted therapies , will be a growing concern for patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 none 2 none
1 none 13 cases
1 none 31 will
2 none 3 background
2 none 4 :
2 none 13 cases
3 background 4 :
4 : 5 with
4 : 9 in
5 with 8 rise
6 the 8 rise
7 expected 8 rise
9 in 12 cancer
10 newly 11 diagnosed
11 diagnosed 12 cancer
13 cases 14 among
13 cases 17 in
14 among 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly
17 in 18 singapore
18 singapore 21 affordability
19 , 21 affordability
20 the 21 affordability
21 affordability 22 of
21 affordability 27 of
21 affordability 30 ,
22 of 24 treatments
23 cancer 24 treatments
25 , 26 particularly
25 , 27 of
27 of 29 therapies
27 of 30 ,
28 targeted 29 therapies
31 will 32 be
32 be 35 concern
33 a 35 concern
34 growing 35 concern
35 concern 36 for
36 for 37 patients

this study examines the perspectives of aging cancer patients on the financial burden of their cancer treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 5 perspectives
4 the 5 perspectives
5 perspectives 6 of
6 of 7 aging
7 aging 9 patients
7 aging 10 on
8 cancer 9 patients
10 on 13 burden
11 the 13 burden
12 financial 13 burden
13 burden 14 of
14 of 17 treatments
15 their 17 treatments
16 cancer 17 treatments

methods : a single - center , prospective study was conducted in the largest ambulatory cancer center in singapore . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 center
3 a 4 single
3 a 6 center
4 single 5 -
4 single 6 center
7 , 9 study
7 , 11 conducted
8 prospective 9 study
9 study 10 was
10 was 11 conducted
11 conducted 12 in
11 conducted 18 in
12 in 17 center
13 the 14 largest
13 the 17 center
15 ambulatory 16 cancer
16 cancer 17 center
18 in 19 singapore

older [(] 50 years old and above ) cancer patients receiving treatment were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 old
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 older 5 old
3 50 4 years
4 years 5 old
6 and 10 patients
6 and 14 recruited
7 above 8 )
7 above 10 patients
9 cancer 10 patients
10 patients 11 receiving
10 patients 13 were
11 receiving 12 treatment
13 were 14 recruited

patients completed three sets of self [-] reporting tools assessing [their] ( a [ )(demographics and lifestyles , ( [b] [ )(health - related quality of life , and [(] [c] [ )(perceptions of cancer treatment costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 patients 2 completed
2 completed 29 and
3 three 4 sets
4 sets 5 of
4 sets 29 and
5 of 10 assessing
6 self 9 tools
8 reporting 9 tools
9 tools 10 assessing
10 assessing 25 quality
12 ( 25 quality
13 a 25 quality
15 )(demographics 16 and
16 and 17 lifestyles
16 and 18 ,
16 and 22 )(health
16 and 24 related
19 ( 22 )(health
22 )(health 23 -
24 related 25 quality
25 quality 26 of
25 quality 28 ,
26 of 27 life
29 and 33 )(perceptions
29 and 34 of
34 of 37 costs
35 cancer 37 costs
36 treatment 37 costs

the association between targeted therapy utilities and their perceived financial burden was evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 12 was
3 between 7 and
4 targeted 5 therapy
5 therapy 6 utilities
6 utilities 7 and
7 and 11 burden
8 their 11 burden
9 perceived 11 burden
10 financial 11 burden
12 was 13 evaluated
13 evaluated 14 using
14 using 18 regression
15 a 16 multivariable
15 a 18 regression
16 multivariable 18 regression
17 logistic 18 regression

results : five hundred and sixteen patients were included in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 patients
2 : 9 included
2 : 13 .
3 five 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 sixteen
6 sixteen 7 patients
7 patients 8 were
8 were 9 included
9 included 10 in
10 in 12 study
11 the 12 study

the majority of the respondents ( 69.6 % ) were between 50 and 64 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 5 respondents
3 of 5 respondents
4 the 5 respondents
5 respondents 8 %
5 respondents 10 were
6 ( 8 %
7 69.6 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 were 11 between
10 were 16 old
11 between 13 and
12 50 13 and
13 and 14 64
14 64 15 years
15 years 16 old

the majority were singaporeans ( 97.7 % ) , belonged to the ethnic chinese group ( 88.4 % ) , and most were female [(] 59.1 [%] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 )(
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 9 ,
3 were 4 singaporeans
3 were 9 ,
4 singaporeans 7 %
5 ( 7 %
6 97.7 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 , 10 belonged
9 , 11 to
11 to 15 group
12 the 15 group
13 ethnic 15 group
14 chinese 15 group
15 group 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 88.4 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 most
21 and 23 were
22 most 23 were
23 were 24 female
24 female 26 59.1

the users of targeted therapies were 2.92 times more likely to perceive that the amount of cash that they spent on cancer treatment was more than expected and 2.52 times more likely to have difficulty paying for cancer treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 users
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 users
2 users 3 of
2 users 6 were
3 of 5 therapies
4 targeted 5 therapies
6 were 10 likely
7 2.92 8 times
8 times 9 more
9 more 10 likely
10 likely 11 to
11 to 12 perceive
12 perceive 13 that
12 perceive 28 and
12 perceive 33 to
14 the 15 amount
15 amount 16 of
15 amount 27 expected
15 amount 28 and
16 of 17 cash
17 cash 18 that
17 cash 20 spent
18 that 19 they
18 that 20 spent
19 they 20 spent
20 spent 21 on
20 spent 25 more
20 spent 26 than
21 on 22 cancer
22 cancer 23 treatment
22 cancer 24 was
23 treatment 24 was
28 and 31 more
29 2.52 30 times
30 times 31 more
32 likely 33 to
33 to 34 have
34 have 35 difficulty
35 difficulty 36 paying
35 difficulty 37 for
37 for 39 treatments
38 cancer 39 treatments

fortunately , the majority of the respondents ( 70.6 % ) found their existing financial schemes helpful in reducing the necessary out [-] [of] - pocket expenses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 fortunately 2 ,
1 fortunately 7 respondents
3 the 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 7 respondents
5 of 7 respondents
6 the 7 respondents
7 respondents 10 %
7 respondents 12 found
8 ( 10 %
9 70.6 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 found 16 schemes
13 their 16 schemes
14 existing 16 schemes
15 financial 16 schemes
16 schemes 17 helpful
17 helpful 18 in
18 in 19 reducing
19 reducing 27 expenses
20 the 27 expenses
21 necessary 26 pocket
22 out 25 -
22 out 26 pocket
26 pocket 27 expenses

conclusions : although aging cancer patients feel that the financial schemes in singapore have helped them tremendously , the general perception is that they require further help to offset their out - [of] - pocket expenses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 patients
2 : 7 feel
3 although 5 cancer
3 although 6 patients
4 aging 5 cancer
6 patients 7 feel
7 feel 8 that
8 that 11 schemes
8 that 15 helped
9 the 11 schemes
10 financial 11 schemes
11 schemes 12 in
11 schemes 14 have
12 in 13 singapore
14 have 15 helped
15 helped 16 them
15 helped 17 tremendously
15 helped 34 -
18 , 34 -
19 the 20 general
20 general 29 offset
20 general 34 -
21 perception 22 is
22 is 23 that
23 that 24 they
23 that 29 offset
24 they 25 require
25 require 27 help
25 require 28 to
26 further 27 help
28 to 29 offset
29 offset 31 out
29 offset 32 -
30 their 31 out
34 - 36 expenses
34 - 37 .
35 pocket 36 expenses

this is especially true for users of targeted therapies and those who have [a] poorer health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 true
3 especially 4 true
4 true 5 for
5 for 6 users
6 users 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 targeted 9 therapies
9 therapies 10 and
10 and 11 those
10 and 12 who
10 and 13 have
12 who 13 have
13 have 17 status
15 poorer 16 health
16 health 17 status

hiv - infected individuals suffer from accelerated aging , which manifests as premature cardiovascular and bone disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suffer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 hiv 2 -
1 hiv 4 individuals
3 infected 4 individuals
4 individuals 5 suffer
5 suffer 6 from
6 from 8 aging
7 accelerated 8 aging
9 , 10 which
9 , 11 manifests
10 which 11 manifests
11 manifests 17 disease
12 as 13 premature
13 premature 17 disease
14 cardiovascular 15 and
15 and 16 bone
15 and 17 disease

however , little is [known] of the association of these two disorders in the hiv population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 6 of
4 is 13 in
6 of 8 association
7 the 8 association
8 association 9 of
9 of 12 disorders
10 these 11 two
11 two 12 disorders
13 in 16 population
14 the 16 population
15 hiv 16 population

our objective was to investigate the association between a marker of atherosclerosis ( coronary artery calcium [ cac ] ) and low bone mineral density ( bmd ) in a cross - sectional cohort [of] hiv - infected patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 7 association
5 investigate 8 between
5 investigate 29 in
6 the 7 association
8 between 21 and
9 a 10 marker
10 marker 11 of
10 marker 21 and
11 of 12 atherosclerosis
12 atherosclerosis 16 calcium
13 ( 16 calcium
14 coronary 16 calcium
15 artery 16 calcium
16 calcium 18 cac
16 calcium 20 )
17 [ 18 cac
18 cac 19 ]
21 and 25 density
21 and 27 bmd
22 low 25 density
23 bone 25 density
24 mineral 25 density
26 ( 27 bmd
27 bmd 28 )
29 in 31 cross
30 a 31 cross
31 cross 36 hiv
32 - 36 hiv
33 sectional 36 hiv
34 cohort 36 hiv
36 hiv 37 -
37 - 39 patients
38 infected 39 patients

the study was conducted at the university of modena and reggio emilia , italy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 at
5 at 7 university
6 the 7 university
7 university 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 modena 10 and
10 and 12 emilia
11 reggio 12 emilia
13 , 14 italy

a total of 636 consecutive [middle] - aged , hiv - infected subjects were recruited between january 2006 and december 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 14 were
3 of 13 subjects
4 636 13 subjects
5 consecutive 7 -
5 consecutive 13 subjects
8 aged 10 hiv
8 aged 13 subjects
9 , 10 hiv
10 hiv 11 -
12 infected 13 subjects
14 were 15 recruited
15 recruited 16 between
16 between 19 and
17 january 18 2006
17 january 19 and
19 and 20 december
20 december 21 2010

all patients underwent cac and bmd assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 underwent
3 underwent 7 assessment
4 cac 5 and
5 and 6 bmd
6 bmd 7 assessment

patients were categorized according to a cac score [<] 100 or >100 units based on previous literature that identified this cut - point as a marker of increased risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 categorized
3 categorized 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 7 cac
6 a 7 cac
7 cac 11 or
7 cac 14 based
8 score 10 100
8 score 11 or
11 or 13 units
11 or 14 based
12 >100 13 units
14 based 15 on
15 on 17 literature
16 previous 17 literature
17 literature 19 identified
17 literature 21 cut
18 that 19 identified
20 this 21 cut
21 cut 22 -
22 - 23 point
23 point 24 as
24 as 26 marker
25 a 26 marker
26 marker 27 of
27 of 29 risk
28 increased 29 risk

low femoral and lumbar spine bmd was defined as [<] 25th percentile value for the study cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 bmd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 low 6 bmd
2 femoral 3 and
3 and 4 lumbar
3 and 6 bmd
5 spine 6 bmd
6 bmd 7 was
7 was 8 defined
8 defined 9 as
8 defined 14 for
9 as 13 value
11 25th 13 value
12 percentile 13 value
14 for 17 cohort
15 the 17 cohort
16 study 17 cohort

logistic regression and [bootstrap] analysis were used to assess the independent association between cac and bmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 and
3 and 5 analysis
3 and 6 were
6 were 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 assess
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 12 association
9 assess 13 between
10 the 12 association
11 independent 12 association
13 between 16 bmd
14 cac 15 and
15 and 16 bmd
16 bmd 17 .

the main outcome measure was a cac score >100 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 4 measure
3 outcome 4 measure
4 measure 5 was
5 was 9 >100
6 a 9 >100
7 cac 9 >100
8 score 9 >100

patients with cac > 100 were older and more likely to be men , diabetic , and overweight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 14 ,
2 with 3 cac
3 cac 5 100
3 cac 6 were
3 cac 10 likely
4 > 5 100
5 100 6 were
6 were 8 and
7 older 8 and
8 and 9 more
10 likely 11 to
10 likely 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 men
14 , 15 diabetic
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 overweight

patients with cac < 100 had better [renal] function and a lower cardiovascular risk profile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 10 and
2 with 3 cac
3 cac 5 100
3 cac 6 had
4 < 5 100
5 100 6 had
6 had 7 better
6 had 9 function
10 and 15 profile
11 a 15 profile
12 lower 15 profile
13 cardiovascular 15 profile
14 risk 15 profile

[bootstrap] analyses confirmed these findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
2 analyses 3 confirmed
3 confirmed 5 findings
4 these 5 findings

in summary , cac was independently associated with low femoral bmd in hiv - infected patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 summary
3 , 4 cac
3 , 7 associated
3 , 14 -
4 cac 5 was
5 was 6 independently
5 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 12 in
8 with 11 bmd
9 low 11 bmd
10 femoral 11 bmd
12 in 13 hiv
14 - 16 patients
14 - 17 .
15 infected 16 patients

future studies should test whether therapies that attenuate cardiovascular risk in hiv favorably impact bone health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 test
4 test 5 whether
5 whether 6 therapies
5 whether 14 impact
6 therapies 7 that
6 therapies 8 attenuate
6 therapies 14 impact
7 that 8 attenuate
8 attenuate 10 risk
8 attenuate 11 in
9 cardiovascular 10 risk
11 in 12 hiv
13 favorably 14 impact
14 impact 16 health
15 bone 16 health

purpose : in this study , the author sought to investigate if [and] when the ability to process temporal - fine - structure ( tfs ) cues deteriorates with age in adults with audiometrically normal hearing sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 , 8 author
6 , 9 sought
7 the 8 author
8 author 9 sought
9 sought 10 to
9 sought 11 investigate
10 to 11 investigate
11 investigate 12 if
11 investigate 29 with
12 if 14 when
14 when 16 ability
14 when 28 deteriorates
15 the 16 ability
16 ability 17 to
16 ability 18 process
16 ability 28 deteriorates
17 to 18 process
18 process 27 cues
19 temporal 23 structure
19 temporal 27 cues
20 - 23 structure
21 fine 22 -
21 fine 23 structure
23 structure 25 tfs
23 structure 26 )
24 ( 25 tfs
25 tfs 26 )
29 with 30 age
30 age 31 in
31 in 32 adults
32 adults 33 with
33 with 37 sensitivity
34 audiometrically 35 normal
35 normal 36 hearing
36 hearing 37 sensitivity

method : using a cross - sectional design , the author assessed tfs sensitivity in 102 normal - hearing adults sampled from across the entire range of adulthood ( ages 18 - 90 years ) , using 2 psychophysical tests for the assessment [of] [within] - [and] across [-] ear tfs processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 author
2 : 12 assessed
3 using 5 cross
3 using 9 ,
3 using 11 author
4 a 5 cross
5 cross 8 design
6 - 8 design
7 sectional 8 design
8 design 9 ,
10 the 11 author
11 author 12 assessed
12 assessed 14 sensitivity
13 tfs 14 sensitivity
14 sensitivity 15 in
14 sensitivity 20 adults
14 sensitivity 21 sampled
15 in 19 hearing
16 102 19 hearing
17 normal 18 -
17 normal 19 hearing
20 adults 21 sampled
21 sampled 22 from
22 from 23 across
23 across 26 range
24 the 26 range
25 entire 26 range
26 range 27 of
27 of 28 adulthood
28 adulthood 32 -
28 adulthood 37 using
29 ( 32 -
30 ages 31 18
30 ages 32 -
32 - 34 years
32 - 35 )
33 90 34 years
36 , 37 using
37 using 40 tests
37 using 48 across
38 2 40 tests
39 psychophysical 40 tests
40 tests 41 for
41 for 43 assessment
42 the 43 assessment
46 - 48 across
48 across 52 processing
48 across 53 .
50 ear 52 processing
51 tfs 52 processing

results : both types of tfs sensitivity ( monaural and binaural ) declined gradually starting in young adulthood , with the earliest significant deficit already apparent in early midlife ( i.e [.] , between ages 40 and 49 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 types
2 : 20 with
3 both 4 types
4 types 5 of
4 types 15 starting
5 of 6 tfs
6 tfs 7 sensitivity
6 tfs 13 declined
7 sensitivity 10 and
7 sensitivity 13 declined
8 ( 10 and
9 monaural 10 and
10 and 11 binaural
10 and 12 )
13 declined 14 gradually
15 starting 16 in
15 starting 18 adulthood
17 young 18 adulthood
19 , 20 with
20 with 24 deficit
20 with 25 already
20 with 26 apparent
20 with 40 )
21 the 22 earliest
21 the 24 deficit
23 significant 24 deficit
26 apparent 27 in
27 in 29 midlife
28 early 29 midlife
29 midlife 31 i.e
30 ( 31 i.e
31 i.e 34 between
31 i.e 40 )
33 , 34 between
34 between 37 and
34 between 40 )
35 ages 36 40
35 ages 37 and
37 and 39 years
37 and 40 )
38 49 39 years

tfs sensitivity was not correlated with absolute sensitivity at the test frequency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 tfs 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 6 with
3 was 9 at
4 not 5 correlated
6 with 8 sensitivity
7 absolute 8 sensitivity
9 at 12 frequency
10 the 12 frequency
11 test 12 frequency

conclusions : some suprathreshold auditory processing abilities decline throughout adulthood , even when an individual 's peripheral hearing is clinically normal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 abilities
2 : 11 ,
2 : 22 .
3 some 7 abilities
4 suprathreshold 7 abilities
5 auditory 7 abilities
6 processing 7 abilities
7 abilities 11 ,
8 decline 9 throughout
8 decline 11 ,
9 throughout 10 adulthood
11 , 12 even
11 , 13 when
13 when 18 hearing
13 when 19 is
14 an 15 individual
15 individual 16 's
16 's 18 hearing
17 peripheral 18 hearing
18 hearing 19 is
19 is 20 clinically
19 is 21 normal

these deficits are not captured by a conventional , audiometric hearing assessment but may contribute to the increasing difficulties with age to identify speech in noisy environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 deficits
2 deficits 3 are
3 are 4 not
3 are 13 but
5 captured 6 by
5 captured 12 assessment
5 captured 13 but
6 by 11 hearing
7 a 11 hearing
8 conventional 9 ,
8 conventional 11 hearing
10 audiometric 11 hearing
13 but 14 may
14 may 15 contribute
15 contribute 16 to
15 contribute 20 with
15 contribute 22 to
16 to 19 difficulties
17 the 19 difficulties
18 increasing 19 difficulties
20 with 21 age
22 to 23 identify
23 identify 24 speech
23 identify 25 in
25 in 27 environments
26 noisy 27 environments

from a methodological point of view , the existence of such age effects warrants the use of age [-] matched participant groups when comparing normal and impaired peripheral hearing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 existence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 warrants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 from 4 point
1 from 9 existence
2 a 4 point
3 methodological 4 point
5 of 6 view
5 of 7 ,
5 of 9 existence
8 the 9 existence
9 existence 10 of
9 existence 14 warrants
10 of 13 effects
11 such 13 effects
12 age 13 effects
14 warrants 16 use
14 warrants 23 when
15 the 16 use
16 use 17 of
17 of 22 groups
18 age 20 matched
20 matched 21 participant
21 participant 22 groups
23 when 24 comparing
24 comparing 26 and
25 normal 26 and
26 and 29 hearing
27 impaired 29 hearing
28 peripheral 29 hearing

purpose [to] give an overview of the third in a series of research forums emerged from the second international conference on adult hearing screening ( ahs 2012 ) , which was held in cernobbio ( lake como , italy ) in june 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 give
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 purpose 3 give
3 give 5 overview
3 give 20 conference
3 give 41 in
4 an 5 overview
5 overview 6 of
5 overview 12 of
6 of 8 third
7 the 8 third
8 third 9 in
9 in 11 series
10 a 11 series
12 of 13 research
13 research 14 forums
13 research 16 from
14 forums 15 emerged
15 emerged 16 from
17 the 18 second
17 the 20 conference
19 international 20 conference
20 conference 21 on
20 conference 30 which
21 on 24 screening
22 adult 23 hearing
23 hearing 24 screening
24 screening 26 ahs
25 ( 26 ahs
26 ahs 27 2012
26 ahs 28 )
29 , 30 which
30 which 31 was
30 which 40 )
31 was 32 held
32 held 33 in
33 in 34 cernobbio
34 cernobbio 37 como
35 ( 37 como
36 lake 37 como
37 como 39 italy
37 como 40 )
38 , 39 italy
39 italy 40 )
41 in 42 june
42 june 43 2012

the first two research forums , published in the previous [and] current issues of this journal , included several key contributions from the ahs meeting in 2 major topic areas , " hearing screening in adults and older adults " [(] vol [.] 22 , june 2013 [ )(and " aging and hearing [:] mechanisms and effects " ( this issue ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 forums
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 the 2 first
1 the 3 two
3 two 5 forums
4 research 5 forums
6 , 17 ,
7 published 8 in
7 published 13 issues
7 published 17 ,
8 in 12 current
9 the 10 previous
9 the 12 current
13 issues 14 of
14 of 16 journal
15 this 16 journal
17 , 18 included
18 included 21 contributions
18 included 26 in
19 several 21 contributions
20 key 21 contributions
21 contributions 22 from
21 contributions 25 meeting
22 from 24 ahs
23 the 24 ahs
26 in 30 areas
27 2 30 areas
28 major 29 topic
29 topic 30 areas
30 areas 33 hearing
31 , 32 "
31 , 33 hearing
33 hearing 42 vol
34 screening 35 in
34 screening 42 vol
35 in 39 adults
36 adults 37 and
37 and 38 older
38 older 39 adults
39 adults 40 "
42 vol 44 22
42 vol 52 and
45 , 52 and
46 june 47 2013
46 june 49 )(and
49 )(and 50 "
49 )(and 51 aging
49 )(and 52 and
52 and 57 effects
52 and 61 issue
52 and 63 .
53 hearing 55 mechanisms
55 mechanisms 56 and
56 and 57 effects
57 effects 58 "
59 ( 61 issue
60 this 61 issue
61 issue 62 )

in the 7 articles showcased in this research forum on " intervention and rehabilitation strategies for adults and older adults , " the authors provide a multifaceted view on recent advancements in intervention strategies for adults with hearing loss [,] with ample emphasis on auditory training [;] discuss the research challenges that need to be tackled in this field [;] and explore new ways to take into account the individual needs and obtain a deeper understanding of the peculiar attributes of hearing in older adults [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showcased
1 in 3 7
1 in 4 articles
2 the 3 7
4 articles 5 showcased
5 showcased 6 in
5 showcased 9 forum
5 showcased 10 on
6 in 8 research
7 this 8 research
10 on 11 "
10 on 13 and
12 intervention 13 and
13 and 15 strategies
14 rehabilitation 15 strategies
15 strategies 16 for
16 for 18 and
17 adults 18 and
18 and 20 adults
18 and 21 ,
18 and 24 authors
18 and 25 provide
18 and 29 on
19 older 20 adults
21 , 22 "
23 the 24 authors
24 authors 25 provide
25 provide 28 view
26 a 28 view
27 multifaceted 28 view
29 on 31 advancements
30 recent 31 advancements
31 advancements 32 in
32 in 34 strategies
33 intervention 34 strategies
34 strategies 35 for
34 strategies 37 with
35 for 36 adults
37 with 38 hearing
38 hearing 39 loss
38 hearing 48 discuss
39 loss 41 with
39 loss 44 on
41 with 43 emphasis
42 ample 43 emphasis
44 on 46 training
45 auditory 46 training
48 discuss 51 challenges
48 discuss 54 to
49 the 51 challenges
50 research 51 challenges
51 challenges 52 that
51 challenges 53 need
52 that 53 need
54 to 61 and
55 be 56 tackled
55 be 61 and
56 tackled 57 in
57 in 59 field
58 this 59 field
61 and 62 explore
61 and 64 ways
63 new 64 ways
64 ways 65 to
64 ways 73 obtain
65 to 72 and
66 take 68 account
66 take 71 needs
66 take 72 and
67 into 68 account
69 the 71 needs
70 individual 71 needs
72 and 73 obtain
73 obtain 76 understanding
73 obtain 83 in
74 a 76 understanding
75 deeper 76 understanding
76 understanding 77 of
77 of 80 attributes
78 the 80 attributes
79 peculiar 80 attributes
80 attributes 81 of
81 of 82 hearing
83 in 85 adults
84 older 85 adults

purpose this research forum , " aging and hearing : mechanisms and effects , " highlights 6 contributions presented at the 2nd international conference on adult hearing screening ( ahs 2012 ) , held in cernobbio ( lake como , italy ) in june 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 purpose 2 this
2 this 3 research
3 research 4 forum
4 forum 5 ,
5 , 6 "
5 , 7 aging
5 , 8 and
8 and 9 hearing
10 : 12 and
10 : 34 held
11 mechanisms 12 and
12 and 13 effects
12 and 16 highlights
12 and 34 held
14 , 15 "
14 , 16 highlights
16 highlights 17 6
16 highlights 18 contributions
16 highlights 19 presented
16 highlights 30 ahs
16 highlights 33 ,
18 contributions 19 presented
19 presented 20 at
20 at 24 conference
21 the 24 conference
22 2nd 23 international
23 international 24 conference
24 conference 25 on
25 on 28 screening
26 adult 27 hearing
27 hearing 28 screening
29 ( 30 ahs
30 ahs 31 2012
30 ahs 32 )
34 held 35 in
34 held 36 cernobbio
34 held 43 in
36 cernobbio 39 como
37 ( 39 como
38 lake 39 como
39 como 41 italy
39 como 42 )
40 , 41 italy
41 italy 42 )
43 in 44 june
44 june 45 2012

overall , the articles in this research forum give insight into the causes , mechanisms , and consequences of auditory dysfunctions in adults , with particular focus on their implications for screening , assessment , and intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 give
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 articles
3 the 4 articles
4 articles 5 in
4 articles 9 give
5 in 8 forum
6 this 8 forum
7 research 8 forum
9 give 10 insight
9 give 17 and
9 give 22 in
9 give 25 with
10 insight 11 into
10 insight 15 mechanisms
11 into 13 causes
12 the 13 causes
14 , 15 mechanisms
15 mechanisms 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 consequences
18 consequences 19 of
19 of 21 dysfunctions
20 auditory 21 dysfunctions
22 in 23 adults
24 , 25 with
25 with 27 focus
25 with 33 ,
26 particular 27 focus
27 focus 28 on
28 on 30 implications
29 their 30 implications
30 implications 31 for
31 for 32 screening
33 , 36 and
34 assessment 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 intervention

despite the extensive use of botulinum toxin type a ( bont - a ) in treatments for glabellar frown lines , the dose - response effect in the glabellar muscles remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 despite 4 use
1 despite 26 effect
2 the 4 use
3 extensive 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 15 in
4 use 17 for
5 of 8 type
6 botulinum 8 type
7 toxin 8 type
8 type 9 a
8 type 12 -
10 ( 12 -
11 bont 12 -
12 - 13 a
12 - 14 )
15 in 16 treatments
17 for 20 lines
18 glabellar 19 frown
19 frown 20 lines
20 lines 23 dose
21 , 23 dose
22 the 23 dose
23 dose 24 -
25 response 26 effect
26 effect 27 in
26 effect 31 remains
27 in 30 muscles
28 the 30 muscles
29 glabellar 30 muscles
31 remains 32 unknown

the aim of this randomized [,] double - blind , placebo [-] controlled prospective study was to characterize the neurophysiological parameters that correlate with the effect of bont - a in the glabellar muscles and its diffusion to surrounding ocular muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 16 was
3 of 15 study
4 this 15 study
5 randomized 11 placebo
7 double 8 -
7 double 11 placebo
9 blind 10 ,
9 blind 11 placebo
11 placebo 13 controlled
13 controlled 15 study
14 prospective 15 study
16 was 17 to
16 was 18 characterize
17 to 18 characterize
18 characterize 21 parameters
18 characterize 24 with
19 the 21 parameters
20 neurophysiological 21 parameters
21 parameters 22 that
21 parameters 23 correlate
22 that 23 correlate
24 with 26 effect
25 the 26 effect
26 effect 27 of
27 of 28 bont
29 - 41 muscles
29 - 42 .
30 a 31 in
31 in 41 muscles
32 the 34 muscles
33 glabellar 34 muscles
34 muscles 35 and
35 and 37 diffusion
35 and 38 to
35 and 41 muscles
36 its 37 diffusion
38 to 39 surrounding
40 ocular 41 muscles

sixteen healthy women were recruited and randomized to 3 different dose [-] groups of onabotulinumtoxin a ( vistabel® ) or placebo and followed 24 weeks by neuro - physiological examinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 sixteen 3 women
2 healthy 3 women
3 women 22 and
4 were 6 and
4 were 22 and
5 recruited 6 and
6 and 7 randomized
6 and 8 to
6 and 20 or
8 to 9 3
10 different 11 dose
11 dose 13 groups
13 groups 14 of
13 groups 20 or
14 of 15 onabotulinumtoxin
15 onabotulinumtoxin 16 a
15 onabotulinumtoxin 18 vistabel®
17 ( 18 vistabel®
18 vistabel® 19 )
20 or 21 placebo
22 and 23 followed
23 followed 25 weeks
23 followed 26 by
24 24 25 weeks
26 by 30 examinations
27 neuro 28 -
27 neuro 30 examinations
29 physiological 30 examinations

efficacy of treatment on corrugator supercilii muscles was measured by compound motor action potential ( cmap ) and electromyography ( emg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 efficacy 2 of
1 efficacy 8 was
2 of 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 on
4 on 7 muscles
5 corrugator 7 muscles
6 supercilii 7 muscles
8 was 18 and
9 measured 10 by
9 measured 18 and
10 by 14 potential
11 compound 14 potential
12 motor 14 potential
13 action 14 potential
14 potential 16 cmap
15 ( 16 cmap
16 cmap 17 )
18 and 19 electromyography
18 and 21 emg
20 ( 21 emg
21 emg 22 )

photographs were used to score glabellar frown lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 photographs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 photographs 2 were
2 were 3 used
3 used 4 to
3 used 5 score
4 to 5 score
5 score 8 lines
6 glabellar 7 frown
7 frown 8 lines

diffusion of the drug to surrounding muscles was assessed by cmap of the nasalis muscle , emg and concentric needle electrode [jitter] analysis ( cne ) of the orbicularis oculi muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diffusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 diffusion 2 of
1 diffusion 5 to
1 diffusion 8 was
2 of 4 drug
3 the 4 drug
5 to 6 surrounding
6 surrounding 7 muscles
8 was 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 by
10 by 11 cmap
11 cmap 12 of
11 cmap 18 and
11 cmap 20 needle
11 cmap 25 cne
11 cmap 27 of
12 of 14 nasalis
13 the 14 nasalis
15 muscle 16 ,
16 , 17 emg
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 concentric
18 and 20 needle
20 needle 23 analysis
21 electrode 23 analysis
24 ( 25 cne
25 cne 26 )
27 of 29 orbicularis
28 the 29 orbicularis
29 orbicularis 30 oculi
29 orbicularis 31 muscle
30 oculi 31 muscle

cmap reduction correlated well with intramuscular bont - a dose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 cmap 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 correlated
3 correlated 4 well
3 correlated 5 with
5 with 7 bont
6 intramuscular 7 bont
8 - 10 dose
9 a 10 dose

muscle paralysis , measured by emg , began from 2 weeks and was not entirely reversed at 24 weeks in individuals who received high dose of onabotulinumtoxin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paralysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 reversed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 muscle 2 paralysis
2 paralysis 4 measured
2 paralysis 12 and
3 , 4 measured
4 measured 5 by
4 measured 7 ,
5 by 6 emg
8 began 9 from
8 began 12 and
9 from 11 weeks
10 2 11 weeks
12 and 13 was
13 was 14 not
13 was 16 reversed
15 entirely 16 reversed
16 reversed 17 at
17 at 18 24
18 24 19 weeks
18 24 25 dose
18 24 26 of
19 weeks 20 in
19 weeks 22 who
19 weeks 23 received
19 weeks 25 dose
20 in 21 individuals
22 who 23 received
23 received 24 high
26 of 27 onabotulinumtoxin

limited diffusion of orbicularis oculi was detected with cne . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diffusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 limited 2 diffusion
2 diffusion 3 of
2 diffusion 6 was
3 of 5 oculi
4 orbicularis 5 oculi
6 was 7 detected
7 detected 8 with
8 with 9 cne

in conclusion , we developed a novel neurophysiological strategy for effect [evaluation] of bont - a in glabellar muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 developed
3 , 15 -
4 we 5 developed
5 developed 9 strategy
6 a 7 novel
6 a 9 strategy
7 novel 9 strategy
8 neurophysiological 9 strategy
9 strategy 10 for
9 strategy 13 of
10 for 11 effect
13 of 14 bont
15 - 19 muscles
15 - 20 .
16 a 17 in
17 in 19 muscles
18 glabellar 19 muscles

cmap and emg correlated with given bont - a dose and [are] more defined effect measures than clinical glabellar photo scales . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 cmap 2 and
2 and 3 emg
3 emg 4 correlated
3 emg 5 with
5 with 7 bont
6 given 7 bont
8 - 15 effect
8 - 16 measures
8 - 22 .
9 a 10 dose
10 dose 11 and
11 and 13 more
11 and 15 effect
14 defined 15 effect
15 effect 16 measures
16 measures 17 than
16 measures 21 scales
17 than 20 photo
18 clinical 20 photo
19 glabellar 20 photo

background : older adults undergo operations as our population ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 5 undergo
2 : 11 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 undergo
5 undergo 6 operations
5 undergo 7 as
7 as 10 ages
8 our 10 ages
9 population 10 ages

increasing life expectancy and disease burden , along with decreased functional status and organ reserve , place the elderly surgical patient at higher general risk in the perioperative state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 place
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 increasing 2 life
2 life 3 expectancy
3 expectancy 4 and
4 and 6 burden
4 and 9 with
4 and 17 place
5 disease 6 burden
7 , 9 with
8 along 9 with
9 with 13 and
9 with 16 ,
10 decreased 12 status
11 functional 12 status
12 status 13 and
13 and 15 reserve
14 organ 15 reserve
17 place 21 patient
17 place 26 in
18 the 21 patient
19 elderly 21 patient
20 surgical 21 patient
21 patient 22 at
22 at 25 risk
23 higher 24 general
24 general 25 risk
26 in 29 state
27 the 29 state
28 perioperative 29 state

in particular , these patients have more diseases including dementia and medications that put them [specifically] at higher risk of delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 5 patients
4 these 5 patients
5 patients 6 have
6 have 8 diseases
7 more 8 diseases
8 diseases 9 including
9 including 11 and
10 dementia 11 and
11 and 12 medications
11 and 13 that
11 and 14 put
13 that 14 put
14 put 15 them
14 put 17 at
17 at 19 risk
18 higher 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 delirium

purpose : this overview describes the diagnosis , pathophysiology , and treatment of delirium and its interface with depression and dementia , and explains aging changes based on the picture of perioperative management in surgical interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 overview
2 : 23 and
2 : 37 .
3 this 4 overview
4 overview 23 and
5 describes 7 diagnosis
5 describes 23 and
6 the 7 diagnosis
7 diagnosis 20 and
8 , 20 and
9 pathophysiology 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 13 of
11 and 18 with
11 and 20 and
13 of 15 and
14 delirium 15 and
15 and 17 interface
16 its 17 interface
18 with 19 depression
20 and 21 dementia
20 and 22 ,
23 and 24 explains
24 explains 26 changes
25 aging 26 changes
26 changes 27 based
26 changes 31 of
26 changes 34 in
27 based 28 on
28 on 30 picture
29 the 30 picture
31 of 33 management
32 perioperative 33 management
34 in 36 interventions
35 surgical 36 interventions

conclusions : today , surgeons must be equipped to attend the geriatric patient 's needs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 today
4 , 5 surgeons
4 , 8 equipped
5 surgeons 6 must
6 must 7 be
7 be 8 equipped
8 equipped 9 to
9 to 10 attend
10 attend 15 needs
11 the 13 patient
12 geriatric 13 patient
13 patient 14 's
14 's 15 needs

early recognition of comorbidities such as dementia and delirium as well as speedy and competent therapeutic treatment can limit consequences and impact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 limit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 early 2 recognition
2 recognition 3 of
2 recognition 18 can
3 of 4 comorbidities
4 comorbidities 6 as
4 comorbidities 12 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 8 and
7 dementia 8 and
8 and 9 delirium
10 as 11 well
11 well 12 as
12 as 17 treatment
13 speedy 14 and
14 and 15 competent
14 and 17 treatment
16 therapeutic 17 treatment
18 can 19 limit
19 limit 21 and
20 consequences 21 and
21 and 22 impact

unlabelled : the aim of this study was to assess the relationships between both a marker of bone formation and a marker of bone turnover [and] age , sex , and pubertal stage in a group ( n = 439 ) of healthy children and adolescents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 assess
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 12 relationships
10 assess 13 between
11 the 12 relationships
13 between 20 and
14 both 20 and
15 a 16 marker
16 marker 17 of
16 marker 20 and
17 of 19 formation
18 bone 19 formation
20 and 22 marker
20 and 23 of
21 a 22 marker
23 of 27 age
24 bone 25 turnover
25 turnover 27 age
28 , 45 and
29 sex 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 stage
31 and 34 in
31 and 42 of
31 and 45 and
32 pubertal 33 stage
34 in 36 group
35 a 36 group
36 group 39 =
37 ( 39 =
38 n 39 =
39 = 40 439
39 = 41 )
42 of 44 children
43 healthy 44 children
45 and 46 adolescents

these reference data should be instrumental in interpretation of results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 3 data
2 reference 3 data
3 data 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 instrumental
6 instrumental 7 in
7 in 8 interpretation
8 interpretation 9 of
9 of 10 results

introduction : the skeletal system has high metabolic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 system
2 : 6 has
2 : 10 .
3 the 5 system
4 skeletal 5 system
5 system 6 has
6 has 9 activity
7 high 9 activity
8 metabolic 9 activity

in children , bone markers may be useful in diagnostics and treatment management of skeletal diseases but there could be difficulties with interpretation of results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 children
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 markers
4 bone 5 markers
5 markers 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 useful
8 useful 9 in
9 in 11 and
10 diagnostics 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 13 management
11 and 20 be
13 management 14 of
13 management 19 could
14 of 16 diseases
15 skeletal 16 diseases
16 diseases 17 but
17 but 18 there
19 could 20 be
20 be 21 difficulties
21 difficulties 22 with
22 with 23 interpretation
23 interpretation 24 of
24 of 25 results

compared with adults , children have elevated bone marker levels due to high skeletal growth velocity and rapid bone turnover . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 4 ,
1 compared 5 children
2 with 3 adults
5 children 6 have
6 have 7 elevated
7 elevated 10 levels
7 elevated 12 to
8 bone 10 levels
9 marker 10 levels
11 due 12 to
12 to 17 and
13 high 15 growth
14 skeletal 15 growth
15 growth 16 velocity
16 velocity 17 and
17 and 20 turnover
18 rapid 19 bone
19 bone 20 turnover

thus , valid age - and sex - specific reference data should be obtained for each pediatric population living in a particular climate and with a similar lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 11 data
3 valid 4 age
4 age 6 and
5 - 6 and
6 and 7 sex
6 and 8 -
6 and 11 data
9 specific 10 reference
10 reference 11 data
11 data 12 should
12 should 13 be
13 be 14 obtained
14 obtained 15 for
15 for 18 population
16 each 18 population
17 pediatric 18 population
18 population 19 living
18 population 24 and
20 in 23 climate
20 in 24 and
21 a 23 climate
22 particular 23 climate
24 and 25 with
25 with 28 lifestyle
26 a 28 lifestyle
27 similar 28 lifestyle

the aim of this study was to assess the relationships between [both] a marker of bone formation ( procollagen type [i] n - terminal propeptide [ [pinp] []] [ )(and a marker of bone turnover ( osteocalcin [ oc ] ) [and] [age] , sex , and pubertal stage in a group of healthy children and adolescents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 11 between
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 relationships
9 the 10 relationships
11 between 14 marker
13 a 14 marker
14 marker 15 of
15 of 17 formation
16 bone 17 formation
17 formation 23 -
18 ( 23 -
19 procollagen 20 type
20 type 22 n
20 type 23 -
23 - 30 )(and
24 terminal 25 propeptide
25 propeptide 30 )(and
26 [ 30 )(and
30 )(and 32 marker
31 a 32 marker
32 marker 33 of
33 of 35 turnover
34 bone 35 turnover
35 turnover 37 osteocalcin
35 turnover 47 and
36 ( 37 osteocalcin
37 osteocalcin 39 oc
37 osteocalcin 41 )
38 [ 39 oc
39 oc 40 ]
44 , 47 and
45 sex 47 and
46 , 47 and
47 and 49 stage
47 and 50 in
47 and 53 of
47 and 58 .
48 pubertal 49 stage
50 in 52 group
51 a 52 group
53 of 56 and
54 healthy 55 children
55 children 56 and
56 and 57 adolescents

methods : four hundred thirty - nine healthy caucasian children participated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 thirty
3 four 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 thirty
6 - 10 children
6 - 11 participated
6 - 12 .
7 nine 10 children
8 healthy 9 caucasian
9 caucasian 10 children
10 children 11 participated

their height , weight , and pubertal stage were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 their 2 height
2 height 3 ,
3 , 4 weight
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 stage
6 and 9 were
7 pubertal 8 stage
9 were 10 recorded

fasting pinp and oc were measured using a morning blood sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fasting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 fasting 5 were
2 pinp 3 and
3 and 4 oc
3 and 5 were
5 were 6 measured
6 measured 7 using
7 using 11 sample
8 a 9 morning
8 a 11 sample
9 morning 11 sample
10 blood 11 sample

results : the highest levels of pinp were observed during the first year of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 levels
2 : 9 observed
2 : 16 .
3 the 4 highest
3 the 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 8 were
6 of 7 pinp
8 were 9 observed
9 observed 10 during
10 during 13 year
11 the 12 first
11 the 13 year
13 year 14 of
14 of 15 life

there is no oc postnatal peak , but levels are higher than the adult reference interval throughout childhood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 6 peak
3 no 6 peak
4 oc 6 peak
5 postnatal 6 peak
7 , 8 but
8 but 9 levels
8 but 10 are
9 levels 10 are
10 are 11 higher
11 higher 12 than
11 higher 17 throughout
12 than 16 interval
13 the 16 interval
14 adult 16 interval
15 reference 16 interval
17 throughout 18 childhood

oc peaks with the pubertal growth spurt at second [-] third tanner stage [of] breast development in girls and [at] second [-] third tanner stage of genital development in boys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 oc 2 peaks
2 peaks 3 with
2 peaks 19 and
3 with 7 spurt
4 the 7 spurt
5 pubertal 6 growth
6 growth 7 spurt
7 spurt 8 at
7 spurt 17 in
8 at 16 development
9 second 15 breast
11 third 15 breast
12 tanner 15 breast
13 stage 15 breast
15 breast 16 development
17 in 18 girls
19 and 25 stage
19 and 26 of
21 second 25 stage
23 third 25 stage
24 tanner 25 stage
26 of 28 development
27 genital 28 development
28 development 29 in
29 in 30 boys

pinp peaks during second [-] third tanner [stage] of breast development in girls and [at] third tanner stage of genital development in boys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pinp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 peaks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 pinp 2 peaks
2 peaks 3 during
2 peaks 12 in
2 peaks 22 in
3 during 7 tanner
4 second 7 tanner
6 third 7 tanner
7 tanner 9 of
9 of 11 development
10 breast 11 development
12 in 14 and
13 girls 14 and
14 and 18 stage
14 and 19 of
16 third 18 stage
17 tanner 18 stage
19 of 21 development
20 genital 21 development
22 in 23 boys

conclusion : this study provides reference data for oc and pinp in healthy caucasian children from a central european population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 provides
2 : 21 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 provides
5 provides 7 data
5 provides 8 for
5 provides 12 in
6 reference 7 data
8 for 11 pinp
9 oc 10 and
10 and 11 pinp
12 in 15 children
13 healthy 14 caucasian
14 caucasian 15 children
15 children 16 from
16 from 20 population
17 a 20 population
18 central 19 european
19 european 20 population

berberine ( brb ) , a natural alkaloid , has a long history of medicinal use in both ayurvedic and old chinese medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 berberine 3 brb
2 ( 3 brb
3 brb 4 )
3 brb 8 alkaloid
3 brb 10 has
5 , 8 alkaloid
6 a 7 natural
6 a 8 alkaloid
7 natural 8 alkaloid
8 alkaloid 9 ,
10 has 13 history
10 has 17 in
11 a 12 long
11 a 13 history
12 long 13 history
13 history 14 of
14 of 16 use
15 medicinal 16 use
17 in 20 and
18 both 20 and
19 ayurvedic 20 and
20 and 23 medicine
21 old 22 chinese
22 chinese 23 medicine

recently , available as a dietary supplement , berberine is reported to have application in treatment of variety diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 berberine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 9 berberine
2 , 3 available
3 available 4 as
3 available 8 ,
3 available 9 berberine
4 as 7 supplement
5 a 6 dietary
5 a 7 supplement
6 dietary 7 supplement
9 berberine 10 is
10 is 11 reported
11 reported 12 to
11 reported 13 have
12 to 13 have
13 have 14 application
13 have 15 in
15 in 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 of
17 of 19 diseases
18 variety 19 diseases

previously we observed that brb inhibited mtor/s6 signaling concurrently with reduction of the level of endogenous oxidants and constitutive dna damage response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 previously 2 we
2 we 3 observed
3 observed 4 that
4 that 5 brb
4 that 6 inhibited
5 brb 6 inhibited
6 inhibited 7 mtor/s6
6 inhibited 9 concurrently
6 inhibited 10 with
7 mtor/s6 8 signaling
10 with 18 and
11 reduction 12 of
11 reduction 18 and
12 of 14 level
13 the 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 17 oxidants
16 endogenous 17 oxidants
18 and 22 response
19 constitutive 22 response
20 dna 22 response
21 damage 22 response

we currently tested whether berberine can affect premature , stress - induced cellular senescence caused by mitoxantrone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 3 tested
2 currently 3 tested
3 tested 4 whether
4 whether 5 berberine
4 whether 7 affect
5 berberine 6 can
6 can 7 affect
7 affect 14 senescence
8 premature 10 stress
8 premature 14 senescence
9 , 10 stress
10 stress 11 -
12 induced 14 senescence
13 cellular 14 senescence
14 senescence 15 caused
15 caused 16 by
16 by 17 mitoxantrone

the depth of senescence was quantitatively measured by morphometric parameters , senescence - associated β - galactosidase , induction of p21waf1 , replication stress ( γh2ax expression ) , and mtor signaling ; the latter revealed by ribosomal s6 protein ( rps6 ) phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 depth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 depth
2 depth 3 of
2 depth 5 was
3 of 4 senescence
5 was 7 measured
6 quantitatively 7 measured
7 measured 8 by
8 by 10 parameters
9 morphometric 10 parameters
10 parameters 12 senescence
10 parameters 17 galactosidase
11 , 12 senescence
12 senescence 15 β
12 senescence 16 -
13 - 15 β
14 associated 15 β
15 β 16 -
16 - 17 galactosidase
17 galactosidase 18 ,
18 , 30 and
18 , 33 ;
19 induction 20 of
19 induction 30 and
20 of 21 p21waf1
21 p21waf1 24 stress
22 , 24 stress
23 replication 24 stress
24 stress 27 expression
24 stress 29 ,
25 ( 27 expression
26 γh2ax 27 expression
27 expression 28 )
30 and 31 mtor
30 and 32 signaling
33 ; 35 latter
33 ; 36 revealed
34 the 35 latter
35 latter 36 revealed
36 revealed 37 by
36 revealed 44 phosphorylation
37 by 40 protein
38 ribosomal 40 protein
39 s6 40 protein
40 protein 42 rps6
41 ( 42 rps6
42 rps6 43 )

all these markers of senescence were distinctly diminished , in a concentration - dependent manner , by berberine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 diminished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 all 2 these
1 all 3 markers
1 all 6 were
2 these 3 markers
3 markers 4 of
4 of 5 senescence
6 were 8 diminished
7 distinctly 8 diminished
8 diminished 10 in
8 diminished 17 by
9 , 10 in
10 in 12 concentration
10 in 16 ,
11 a 12 concentration
12 concentration 15 manner
13 - 15 manner
14 dependent 15 manner
15 manner 16 ,
17 by 18 berberine

in view of the evidence that brb localizes in mitochondria , inhibits respiratory electron chain and activates ampk , the observed attenuation of the replication stress - induced cellular senescence most likely is mediated by ampk that leads to inhibition of mtor signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 in 2 view
1 in 11 ,
1 in 16 and
2 view 3 of
2 view 6 that
3 of 5 evidence
4 the 5 evidence
6 that 7 brb
6 that 8 localizes
7 brb 8 localizes
8 localizes 9 in
9 in 10 mitochondria
12 inhibits 15 chain
12 inhibits 16 and
13 respiratory 14 electron
14 electron 15 chain
16 and 17 activates
17 activates 18 ampk
18 ampk 22 attenuation
19 , 22 attenuation
20 the 22 attenuation
21 observed 22 attenuation
22 attenuation 23 of
22 attenuation 27 -
23 of 26 stress
24 the 26 stress
25 replication 26 stress
27 - 30 senescence
27 - 34 mediated
27 - 44 .
28 induced 30 senescence
29 cellular 30 senescence
30 senescence 33 is
31 most 32 likely
32 likely 33 is
33 is 34 mediated
34 mediated 35 by
34 mediated 39 to
35 by 36 ampk
36 ampk 37 that
36 ampk 38 leads
37 that 38 leads
39 to 40 inhibition
40 inhibition 41 of
41 of 42 mtor
42 mtor 43 signaling

in support of this mechanism is the observation that rhodamine123 , the cationic probe targeting mitochondrial electron chain , also suppressed rps6 phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 support
1 in 6 is
2 support 3 of
3 of 5 mechanism
4 this 5 mechanism
6 is 8 observation
7 the 8 observation
8 observation 9 that
8 observation 21 suppressed
9 that 10 rhodamine123
9 that 21 suppressed
10 rhodamine123 14 probe
10 rhodamine123 21 suppressed
11 , 14 probe
12 the 14 probe
13 cationic 14 probe
14 probe 15 targeting
14 probe 19 ,
15 targeting 18 chain
16 mitochondrial 17 electron
17 electron 18 chain
20 also 21 suppressed
21 suppressed 23 phosphorylation
22 rps6 23 phosphorylation

purpose of review : as life expectancy increases and population age advances , diagnosis and treatment of diseases common in the geriatric population assume an increasingly important role in modern medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 15 and
4 : 24 assume
4 : 32 .
5 as 9 and
5 as 11 age
5 as 15 and
6 life 7 expectancy
7 expectancy 8 increases
8 increases 9 and
9 and 10 population
9 and 11 age
12 advances 13 ,
13 , 14 diagnosis
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 treatment
15 and 17 of
15 and 24 assume
17 of 18 diseases
18 diseases 19 common
19 common 20 in
20 in 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 geriatric 23 population
24 assume 28 role
24 assume 29 in
25 an 28 role
26 increasingly 27 important
27 important 28 role
29 in 31 medicine
30 modern 31 medicine

in the last few years , the emergence of age - specific reference ranges for thyroid [-] stimulating hormone [(] tsh ) has added to the complexity of diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in this age group , especially in the ['] subclinical ['] category . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 emergence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 added
1 in 5 years
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 emergence
2 the 3 last
2 the 4 few
4 few 5 years
7 the 8 emergence
8 emergence 9 of
8 emergence 14 ranges
8 emergence 23 has
9 of 10 age
11 - 14 ranges
12 specific 14 ranges
13 reference 14 ranges
14 ranges 15 for
14 ranges 22 )
15 for 21 tsh
16 thyroid 19 hormone
18 stimulating 19 hormone
19 hormone 21 tsh
23 has 24 added
24 added 25 to
24 added 33 in
25 to 27 complexity
26 the 27 complexity
27 complexity 28 of
28 of 29 diagnosis
29 diagnosis 30 of
30 of 32 dysfunction
31 thyroid 32 dysfunction
33 in 36 group
34 this 36 group
35 age 36 group
36 group 39 in
37 , 38 especially
37 , 39 in
39 in 44 category
39 in 45 .
40 the 44 category
42 subclinical 44 category

recent findings : the recent studies confirm an increase in population tsh distribution with age , both [in] cross - sectional and longitudinal studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 6 studies
3 : 16 ,
3 : 20 -
4 the 6 studies
5 recent 6 studies
6 studies 16 ,
7 confirm 9 increase
7 confirm 14 with
7 confirm 16 ,
8 an 9 increase
9 increase 10 in
10 in 13 distribution
11 population 13 distribution
12 tsh 13 distribution
14 with 15 age
16 , 19 cross
17 both 19 cross
20 - 24 studies
20 - 25 .
21 sectional 22 and
22 and 23 longitudinal
22 and 24 studies

conclusive evidence about adverse cardiovascular , metabolic , and cognitive consequences of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly remains elusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusive 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 about
2 evidence 18 remains
3 about 11 consequences
4 adverse 11 consequences
5 cardiovascular 6 ,
6 , 7 metabolic
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 cognitive
9 and 11 consequences
11 consequences 12 of
11 consequences 15 in
12 of 14 hypothyroidism
13 subclinical 14 hypothyroidism
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 remains 19 elusive

the transient nature of subtle degrees of thyroid dysfunction in a significant proportion of elderly patients has also been reproduced in the recent publications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 reproduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 nature
2 transient 3 nature
3 nature 4 of
3 nature 17 has
4 of 9 dysfunction
5 subtle 6 degrees
6 degrees 7 of
6 degrees 9 dysfunction
7 of 9 dysfunction
8 thyroid 9 dysfunction
9 dysfunction 10 in
10 in 13 proportion
11 a 12 significant
11 a 13 proportion
12 significant 13 proportion
13 proportion 14 of
14 of 16 patients
15 elderly 16 patients
17 has 19 been
18 also 19 been
19 been 20 reproduced
20 reproduced 21 in
21 in 24 publications
22 the 24 publications
23 recent 24 publications

summary : a growing body of literature in the last few years , reviewed here , highlights the importance of employing additional caution before assigning diagnoses of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism to elderly patients and initiation of treatment modalities that can have long - lasting effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 body
2 : 17 highlights
2 : 29 or
2 : 43 -
3 a 5 body
4 growing 5 body
5 body 6 of
5 body 14 reviewed
5 body 17 highlights
6 of 7 literature
7 literature 8 in
8 in 12 years
9 the 10 last
9 the 11 few
11 few 12 years
13 , 14 reviewed
14 reviewed 15 here
14 reviewed 16 ,
17 highlights 19 importance
17 highlights 24 before
18 the 19 importance
19 importance 20 of
20 of 21 employing
21 employing 23 caution
22 additional 23 caution
24 before 25 assigning
25 assigning 26 diagnoses
26 diagnoses 27 of
27 of 28 hypothyroidism
29 or 34 and
29 or 42 long
30 hyperthyroidism 31 to
30 hyperthyroidism 34 and
31 to 33 patients
32 elderly 33 patients
34 and 35 initiation
34 and 36 of
34 and 42 long
36 of 38 modalities
37 treatment 38 modalities
38 modalities 39 that
38 modalities 41 have
39 that 40 can
40 can 41 have
43 - 45 effects
43 - 46 .
44 lasting 45 effects

purpose of review : to provide information on the role of the essential trace element selenium , which enables appropriate thyroid hormone synthesis , secretion , and metabolism , and to discuss supplementation with various selenium compounds , which prevent thyroid diseases such as goiter and exert beneficial effects in thyroid autoimmune diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 5 to
4 : 6 provide
4 : 17 ,
4 : 38 ,
5 to 6 provide
6 provide 7 information
6 provide 8 on
8 on 10 role
9 the 10 role
10 role 11 of
11 of 16 selenium
12 the 16 selenium
13 essential 14 trace
14 trace 16 selenium
15 element 16 selenium
17 , 18 which
17 , 30 and
18 which 30 and
19 enables 27 and
19 enables 30 and
20 appropriate 21 thyroid
21 thyroid 22 hormone
22 hormone 23 synthesis
23 synthesis 24 ,
24 , 25 secretion
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 metabolism
27 and 29 ,
30 and 31 to
30 and 32 discuss
31 to 32 discuss
32 discuss 33 supplementation
32 discuss 34 with
34 with 37 compounds
35 various 36 selenium
36 selenium 37 compounds
38 , 39 which
38 , 46 and
39 which 46 and
40 prevent 42 diseases
40 prevent 44 as
40 prevent 46 and
41 thyroid 42 diseases
43 such 44 as
44 as 45 goiter
46 and 47 exert
47 exert 49 effects
48 beneficial 49 effects
49 effects 50 in
50 in 53 diseases
51 thyroid 52 autoimmune
52 autoimmune 53 diseases

recent findings : selenium administration in both autoimmune thyroiditis ( m [.] [hashimoto] ) and mild graves ' disease improves clinical scores and well - being of patients and reduces autoimmune antibody titres in several prospective , placebo - controlled supplementation studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
2 findings 3 :
3 : 15 and
4 selenium 5 administration
5 administration 6 in
5 administration 15 and
6 in 9 thyroiditis
7 both 9 thyroiditis
8 autoimmune 9 thyroiditis
9 thyroiditis 11 m
10 ( 11 m
11 m 14 )
15 and 19 disease
16 mild 17 graves
17 graves 18 '
18 ' 19 disease
19 disease 29 and
20 improves 23 and
20 improves 26 being
20 improves 29 and
21 clinical 22 scores
22 scores 23 and
23 and 24 well
25 - 26 being
26 being 27 of
27 of 28 patients
29 and 30 reduces
29 and 34 in
29 and 38 placebo
30 reduces 33 titres
31 autoimmune 33 titres
32 antibody 33 titres
34 in 35 several
36 prospective 37 ,
36 prospective 38 placebo
38 placebo 42 studies
39 - 42 studies
40 controlled 41 supplementation
41 supplementation 42 studies
42 studies 43 .

summary : adequate nutritional supply of selenium , together with the two other essential trace elements iodine and iron , [is] required for a healthy thyroid during development and adolescence , as well as in the adult and aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 5 supply
2 : 32 as
2 : 34 as
3 adequate 5 supply
4 nutritional 5 supply
5 supply 6 of
6 of 7 selenium
7 selenium 10 with
8 , 10 with
9 together 10 with
10 with 16 elements
10 with 31 ,
11 the 13 other
12 two 13 other
13 other 16 elements
14 essential 16 elements
15 trace 16 elements
16 elements 18 and
16 elements 22 required
17 iodine 18 and
18 and 19 iron
18 and 20 ,
18 and 22 required
22 required 23 for
23 for 29 and
24 a 26 thyroid
25 healthy 26 thyroid
26 thyroid 27 during
26 thyroid 29 and
27 during 28 development
29 and 30 adolescence
32 as 33 well
34 as 35 in
35 in 38 and
36 the 37 adult
37 adult 38 and
38 and 40 populations
39 aging 40 populations

background : cancers are emerging public health problems in developing countries like nigeria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cancers
2 : 4 are
2 : 14 .
3 cancers 4 are
4 are 8 problems
4 are 9 in
4 are 12 like
5 emerging 6 public
6 public 8 problems
7 health 8 problems
9 in 10 developing
10 developing 11 countries
12 like 13 nigeria

the epidemiological shift and aging population make cancers a challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 shift
2 epidemiological 3 shift
3 shift 4 and
4 and 6 population
4 and 7 make
5 aging 6 population
7 make 8 cancers
7 make 10 challenge
9 a 10 challenge

objective : we set out to describe the pattern of death due to cancer in our medical ward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 set
2 : 19 .
3 we 4 set
4 set 5 out
4 set 6 to
6 to 7 describe
7 describe 9 pattern
7 describe 13 to
7 describe 15 in
8 the 9 pattern
9 pattern 10 of
10 of 11 death
12 due 13 to
13 to 14 cancer
15 in 18 ward
16 our 18 ward
17 medical 18 ward

the hospital is one of the premier hospitals covering the south east zone of nigeria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hospital
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 hospital
2 hospital 3 is
3 is 4 one
4 one 5 of
5 of 8 hospitals
6 the 8 hospitals
7 premier 8 hospitals
8 hospitals 9 covering
9 covering 13 zone
10 the 13 zone
11 south 12 east
12 east 13 zone
13 zone 14 of
14 of 15 nigeria

materials and methods : we retrospectively reviewed the case notes and death certificates of all who died of cancer in our adult medical wards for 16 years ( january 1995 to [december] 2010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 7 reviewed
5 we 7 reviewed
6 retrospectively 7 reviewed
7 reviewed 11 and
7 reviewed 20 in
7 reviewed 25 for
8 the 10 notes
9 case 10 notes
10 notes 11 and
11 and 13 certificates
11 and 14 of
12 death 13 certificates
14 of 15 all
15 all 16 who
15 all 17 died
16 who 17 died
17 died 18 of
18 of 19 cancer
20 in 24 wards
21 our 24 wards
22 adult 24 wards
23 medical 24 wards
25 for 27 years
26 16 27 years
27 years 29 january
28 ( 29 january
29 january 31 to
29 january 34 )
30 1995 31 to
31 to 33 2010

statistical analysis used : statistical package for social sciences ( spss inc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 statistical 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 used
3 used 4 :
4 : 6 package
5 statistical 6 package
6 package 7 for
7 for 12 inc
8 social 9 sciences
9 sciences 11 spss
10 ( 11 spss
11 spss 12 inc

chicago , il ) version 17.0 was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 version
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 chicago 3 il
2 , 3 il
3 il 4 )
3 il 5 version
5 version 6 17.0
5 version 7 was
7 was 8 used

results : twenty seven [thousand] , five hundred and fourteen patients were admitted into the medical wards . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 seven
3 twenty 4 seven
6 , 11 patients
6 , 13 admitted
7 five 8 hundred
8 hundred 9 and
9 and 10 fourteen
10 fourteen 11 patients
11 patients 12 were
12 were 13 admitted
13 admitted 14 into
14 into 17 wards
15 the 17 wards
16 medical 17 wards

six [thousand] , two hundred and fifty died . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 six
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
3 , 7 fifty
3 , 8 died
4 two 5 hundred
5 hundred 6 and
6 and 7 fifty
7 fifty 8 died

out of the 6250 deaths , cancers accounted for 7.6 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cancers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 accounted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 out 2 of
2 of 5 deaths
2 of 6 ,
2 of 7 cancers
3 the 4 6250
4 6250 5 deaths
7 cancers 8 accounted
8 accounted 9 for
9 for 11 %
10 7.6 11 %

male to female [ratio] was 2.4:1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 male
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 male 2 to
1 male 5 was
2 to 3 female
5 was 6 2.4:1

the mean age at death was 43.7 ± 17.4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 at
3 age 6 was
4 at 5 death
6 was 10 years
7 43.7 10 years
8 ± 10 years
9 17.4 10 years

the mean age at death in both sexes was similar [(] 42.9 ± 17.5 for men and 45.7 ± 17.0 years for women ) , p = 0.109 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 at
3 age 6 in
3 age 9 was
4 at 5 death
6 in 8 sexes
7 both 8 sexes
9 was 13 ±
10 similar 13 ±
12 42.9 13 ±
13 ± 14 17.5
13 ± 15 for
13 ± 27 =
15 for 17 and
16 men 17 and
17 and 21 years
17 and 24 )
18 45.7 21 years
19 ± 21 years
20 17.0 21 years
21 years 22 for
22 for 23 women
25 , 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 0.109

primary liver cell carcinoma was the most common cause of death among men ( 40.8 % ) , while cancer of hematopoietic organ was the most common in women ( 48.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 carcinoma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 primary 2 liver
2 liver 4 carcinoma
3 cell 4 carcinoma
4 carcinoma 5 was
5 was 7 most
6 the 7 most
7 most 8 common
8 common 9 cause
8 common 12 among
8 common 19 while
9 cause 10 of
10 of 11 death
12 among 13 men
13 men 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 40.8 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 , 19 while
19 while 20 cancer
19 while 24 was
19 while 33 )
20 cancer 21 of
20 cancer 24 was
21 of 23 organ
22 hematopoietic 23 organ
24 was 26 most
24 was 27 common
25 the 26 most
27 common 28 in
28 in 29 women
29 women 32 %
30 ( 32 %
31 48.7 32 %
32 % 33 )

the overall fatality rate was 1.7 % ( 477/27 [514] [ )(of medical admissions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
1 the 4 rate
2 overall 3 fatality
3 fatality 4 rate
4 rate 5 was
5 was 7 %
6 1.7 7 %
7 % 9 477/27
8 ( 9 477/27
9 477/27 12 )(of
9 477/27 15 .
12 )(of 14 admissions
13 medical 14 admissions

younger [and] middle age groups were most commonly affected in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 younger 3 middle
3 middle 5 groups
4 age 5 groups
5 groups 6 were
6 were 7 most
7 most 9 affected
8 commonly 9 affected
9 affected 10 in
10 in 12 sexes
11 both 12 sexes

conclusion : since the most productive age groups were affected , governments in developing countries [should] as a matter of urgency put in place adequate cancer preventive and curative services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 8 groups
2 : 9 were
2 : 11 ,
3 since 5 most
3 since 8 groups
4 the 5 most
6 productive 8 groups
7 age 8 groups
8 groups 9 were
9 were 10 affected
11 , 12 governments
11 , 24 place
12 governments 13 in
12 governments 22 put
12 governments 24 place
13 in 14 developing
14 developing 15 countries
15 countries 17 as
17 as 19 matter
18 a 19 matter
19 matter 20 of
20 of 21 urgency
22 put 23 in
24 place 30 services
25 adequate 30 services
26 cancer 30 services
27 preventive 28 and
28 and 29 curative
28 and 30 services

purpose : the purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic validity of alternative measures of health ratings , including those that tap temporal reflections , on adult mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 was
2 : 31 .
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 compare
10 compare 13 validity
10 compare 21 including
10 compare 28 on
11 the 13 validity
12 prognostic 13 validity
13 validity 14 of
13 validity 17 of
14 of 16 measures
15 alternative 16 measures
17 of 19 ratings
18 health 19 ratings
20 , 21 including
21 including 22 those
21 including 27 ,
22 those 23 that
22 those 24 tap
23 that 24 tap
24 tap 26 reflections
25 temporal 26 reflections
28 on 30 mortality
29 adult 30 mortality

design and methods : the study uses a national sample of 1,266 americans 50 - 74 years old in 1995 , with vital status tracked through 2005 , to compare the effect of 3 types of health ratings on mortality : conventional indicator [of] self - rated health ( srh ) , age comparison form of srh , and health ratings that incorporate temporal dimensions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
1 design 3 methods
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 18 old
4 : 19 in
4 : 22 with
5 the 18 old
6 study 7 uses
7 uses 10 sample
8 a 10 sample
9 national 10 sample
10 sample 11 of
11 of 13 americans
12 1,266 13 americans
13 americans 15 -
14 50 15 -
15 - 16 74
16 74 17 years
17 years 18 old
19 in 20 1995
21 , 22 with
22 with 24 status
22 with 25 tracked
22 with 28 ,
23 vital 24 status
25 tracked 26 through
26 through 27 2005
28 , 29 to
28 , 30 compare
28 , 41 :
29 to 30 compare
30 compare 32 effect
30 compare 39 on
31 the 32 effect
32 effect 33 of
33 of 36 of
34 3 36 of
35 types 36 of
36 of 38 ratings
37 health 38 ratings
39 on 40 mortality
41 : 45 self
41 : 46 -
41 : 52 ,
42 conventional 43 indicator
43 indicator 45 self
46 - 48 health
47 rated 48 health
48 health 50 srh
49 ( 50 srh
50 srh 51 )
52 , 53 age
53 age 55 form
54 comparison 55 form
55 form 56 of
56 of 59 and
57 srh 59 and
58 , 59 and
59 and 65 dimensions
59 and 66 .
60 health 65 dimensions
61 ratings 65 dimensions
62 that 63 incorporate
63 incorporate 65 dimensions
64 temporal 65 dimensions

logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of mortality associated with alternative health ratings while adjusting for health conditions , lifestyle factors , and status characteristics and resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 estimate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
5 to 6 estimate
6 estimate 28 and
7 the 8 odds
8 odds 9 of
8 odds 18 for
8 odds 21 ,
9 of 10 mortality
10 mortality 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 while
12 with 15 ratings
13 alternative 14 health
14 health 15 ratings
16 while 17 adjusting
18 for 20 conditions
19 health 20 conditions
21 , 23 factors
21 , 25 and
22 lifestyle 23 factors
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 characteristics
25 and 28 and
26 status 27 characteristics
28 and 29 resources

results : self - rated health was a consistent predictor of mortality , but the respondent 's expected health rating - 10 years in the future - was an independent predictor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 self
4 - 6 health
4 - 7 was
4 - 14 but
5 rated 6 health
6 health 7 was
7 was 10 predictor
8 a 9 consistent
8 a 10 predictor
9 consistent 10 predictor
10 predictor 11 of
11 of 12 mortality
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 respondent
14 but 17 's
15 the 16 respondent
16 respondent 17 's
17 's 18 expected
18 expected 19 health
18 expected 28 was
19 health 20 rating
19 health 23 years
19 health 28 was
21 - 23 years
22 10 23 years
23 years 24 in
23 years 27 -
24 in 26 future
25 the 26 future
28 was 31 predictor
29 an 31 predictor
30 independent 31 predictor

future health expectations were more important than past ( recalled change [ )(in predicting mortality risk : people with more negative expectations of future health were less likely to survive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expectations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recalled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
1 future 3 expectations
2 health 3 expectations
3 expectations 4 were
4 were 5 more
4 were 6 important
6 important 7 than
7 than 8 past
9 ( 10 recalled
10 recalled 11 change
10 recalled 17 :
11 change 13 )(in
13 )(in 14 predicting
14 predicting 16 risk
15 mortality 16 risk
17 : 18 people
17 : 26 were
17 : 31 .
18 people 19 with
18 people 26 were
19 with 22 expectations
20 more 21 negative
21 negative 22 expectations
22 expectations 23 of
23 of 25 health
24 future 25 health
26 were 28 likely
27 less 28 likely
28 likely 29 to
28 likely 30 survive
29 to 30 survive

implications : the findings reveal the importance of future time perspective for older people and suggest that it is more useful to query older people about their future health expectations than about how their health has changed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 15 and
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 15 and
5 reveal 7 importance
5 reveal 12 for
5 reveal 15 and
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
8 of 11 perspective
9 future 11 perspective
10 time 11 perspective
12 for 14 people
13 older 14 people
15 and 16 suggest
15 and 31 than
16 suggest 17 that
17 that 18 it
17 that 23 query
18 it 19 is
19 is 21 useful
20 more 21 useful
21 useful 22 to
21 useful 23 query
22 to 23 query
23 query 25 people
23 query 26 about
24 older 25 people
26 about 30 expectations
27 their 30 expectations
28 future 30 expectations
29 health 30 expectations
31 than 32 about
32 about 33 how
33 how 35 health
33 how 37 changed
34 their 35 health
35 health 36 has
36 has 37 changed

premature graying is an important cause of low [self] - esteem , often interfering with socio - cultural adjustment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 premature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 premature 2 graying
1 premature 3 is
3 is 6 cause
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 cause
5 important 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
7 of 19 adjustment
8 low 11 esteem
8 low 19 adjustment
10 - 11 esteem
11 esteem 14 interfering
11 esteem 17 -
12 , 14 interfering
13 often 14 interfering
14 interfering 15 with
14 interfering 17 -
15 with 16 socio
18 cultural 19 adjustment

the onset and progression of graying or canities correlate very closely with chronological aging , and occur in varying degrees in all individuals eventually , regardless of gender or race . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 the 2 onset
2 onset 3 and
3 and 4 progression
3 and 5 of
3 and 7 or
5 of 6 graying
7 or 8 canities
7 or 16 and
9 correlate 11 closely
9 correlate 12 with
9 correlate 16 and
10 very 11 closely
12 with 14 aging
13 chronological 14 aging
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 occur
17 occur 18 in
18 in 19 varying
19 varying 20 degrees
19 varying 21 in
19 varying 24 eventually
19 varying 27 of
21 in 23 individuals
22 all 23 individuals
25 , 27 of
26 regardless 27 of
27 of 29 or
27 of 31 .
28 gender 29 or
29 or 30 race

premature canities may occur alone as an autosomal dominant condition [or] in association with various autoimmune or premature aging syndromes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 canities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 premature 2 canities
2 canities 3 may
3 may 4 occur
4 occur 5 alone
4 occur 6 as
4 occur 13 association
4 occur 14 with
6 as 10 condition
7 an 10 condition
8 autosomal 10 condition
9 dominant 10 condition
12 in 13 association
14 with 20 syndromes
15 various 20 syndromes
16 autoimmune 17 or
17 or 18 premature
17 or 20 syndromes
19 aging 20 syndromes

it needs to be differentiated from various genetic hypomelanotic hair disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 it 2 needs
2 needs 3 to
2 needs 5 differentiated
3 to 4 be
4 be 5 differentiated
5 differentiated 6 from
6 from 11 disorders
7 various 10 hair
8 genetic 10 hair
9 hypomelanotic 10 hair
10 hair 11 disorders

reduction in melanogenically active melanocytes in the hair bulb of gray anagen hair follicles with resultant pigment loss is central to the pathogenesis of graying . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 reduction 2 in
1 reduction 6 in
1 reduction 19 is
2 in 5 melanocytes
3 melanogenically 4 active
4 active 5 melanocytes
6 in 9 bulb
7 the 9 bulb
8 hair 9 bulb
9 bulb 10 of
10 of 14 follicles
11 gray 14 follicles
12 anagen 13 hair
13 hair 14 follicles
14 follicles 15 with
15 with 18 loss
16 resultant 17 pigment
17 pigment 18 loss
19 is 20 central
20 central 21 to
21 to 23 pathogenesis
22 the 23 pathogenesis
23 pathogenesis 24 of
24 of 25 graying

defective melanosomal transfers to cortical keratinocytes and melanin incontinence due to melanocyte degeneration are also believed to contribute to this . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 transfers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 defective 3 transfers
2 melanosomal 3 transfers
3 transfers 4 to
3 transfers 11 to
3 transfers 14 are
4 to 7 and
5 cortical 6 keratinocytes
6 keratinocytes 7 and
7 and 9 incontinence
8 melanin 9 incontinence
10 due 11 to
11 to 13 degeneration
12 melanocyte 13 degeneration
14 are 15 also
14 are 16 believed
16 believed 17 to
16 believed 18 contribute
17 to 18 contribute
18 contribute 19 to
19 to 20 this

the white color of canities is an optical effect ; the reflection of incident light masks the intrinsic pale yellow color of hair keratin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 color
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 color
2 white 3 color
3 color 4 of
3 color 6 is
4 of 5 canities
6 is 9 effect
7 an 8 optical
7 an 9 effect
8 optical 9 effect
10 ; 12 reflection
10 ; 16 masks
11 the 12 reflection
12 reflection 13 of
12 reflection 16 masks
13 of 15 light
14 incident 15 light
16 masks 21 color
17 the 20 yellow
18 intrinsic 19 pale
19 pale 20 yellow
20 yellow 21 color
21 color 22 of
22 of 24 keratin
23 hair 24 keratin

full range of color [from] normal to white can be seen both along individual hair and from hair to hair , and admixture of pigmented and white hair is believed to give the appearance of gray . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 believed
1 full 2 range
2 range 3 of
2 range 6 normal
2 range 9 can
3 of 4 color
6 normal 7 to
6 normal 8 white
7 to 8 white
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 seen
12 both 16 and
12 both 22 and
13 along 15 hair
13 along 16 and
14 individual 15 hair
16 and 17 from
17 from 18 hair
18 hair 19 to
19 to 20 hair
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 admixture
22 and 24 of
22 and 30 believed
24 of 26 and
25 pigmented 26 and
26 and 27 white
26 and 28 hair
26 and 29 is
28 hair 29 is
30 believed 31 to
30 believed 37 .
31 to 32 give
32 give 34 appearance
33 the 34 appearance
34 appearance 35 of
35 of 36 gray

graying of hair is usually progressive and permanent , but there are occasional reports of spontaneous repigmentation of gray hair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 graying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 graying 2 of
1 graying 4 is
2 of 3 hair
4 is 5 usually
4 is 7 and
6 progressive 7 and
7 and 8 permanent
9 , 10 but
9 , 12 are
10 but 11 there
10 but 12 are
12 are 14 reports
13 occasional 14 reports
14 reports 15 of
14 reports 18 of
15 of 17 repigmentation
16 spontaneous 17 repigmentation
18 of 20 hair
19 gray 20 hair

studies evaluating the association of canities with osteopenia and cardiovascular disease have revealed mixed results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 studies 2 evaluating
1 studies 12 have
2 evaluating 4 association
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 of
5 of 6 canities
6 canities 7 with
7 with 9 and
8 osteopenia 9 and
9 and 11 disease
10 cardiovascular 11 disease
12 have 13 revealed
13 revealed 15 results
14 mixed 15 results

despite the extensive molecular research being carried out to understand the pathogenesis of canities , there is paucity of effective evidence - based treatment options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
1 despite 5 research
1 despite 16 there
2 the 5 research
3 extensive 5 research
4 molecular 5 research
6 being 7 carried
6 being 15 ,
6 being 16 there
7 carried 8 out
7 carried 9 to
9 to 10 understand
10 understand 12 pathogenesis
11 the 12 pathogenesis
12 pathogenesis 13 of
13 of 14 canities
16 there 17 is
17 is 18 paucity
18 paucity 19 of
18 paucity 25 options
19 of 21 evidence
20 effective 21 evidence
22 - 25 options
23 based 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 options
25 options 26 .

reports of repigmentation of previously white hair following certain inflammatory processes and use of drugs have suggested the possibility [of] cytokine [-] induced recruitment of outer sheath melanocytes to the hair bulb and rekindled the hope for finding an effective drug for treatment of premature canities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 reports 2 of
1 reports 8 following
1 reports 12 and
2 of 3 repigmentation
3 repigmentation 4 of
4 of 7 hair
5 previously 6 white
6 white 7 hair
8 following 11 processes
9 certain 11 processes
10 inflammatory 11 processes
12 and 13 use
12 and 14 of
12 and 33 and
14 of 15 drugs
16 have 17 suggested
16 have 33 and
17 suggested 24 recruitment
17 suggested 29 to
18 the 24 recruitment
19 possibility 23 induced
21 cytokine 23 induced
23 induced 24 recruitment
24 recruitment 25 of
25 of 28 melanocytes
26 outer 27 sheath
27 sheath 28 melanocytes
29 to 32 bulb
30 the 32 bulb
31 hair 32 bulb
33 and 34 rekindled
34 rekindled 36 hope
34 rekindled 37 for
34 rekindled 42 for
35 the 36 hope
37 for 38 finding
38 finding 41 drug
39 an 40 effective
39 an 41 drug
40 effective 41 drug
42 for 43 treatment
43 treatment 44 of
44 of 46 canities
45 premature 46 canities

in the end , camouflage techniques using hair colorants are outlined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 outlined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 3 end
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 techniques
2 the 3 end
5 camouflage 6 techniques
6 techniques 7 using
6 techniques 10 are
7 using 9 colorants
8 hair 9 colorants
10 are 11 outlined

there is a need in our society to raise the national consciousness about aging , health , and the prospects for longevity , so that many more persons take responsibility for their personal health and understand what we will need in an era of health - care reform to promote health across the life course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 need
2 is 25 that
3 a 4 need
4 need 5 in
5 in 7 society
6 our 7 society
7 society 8 to
7 society 13 about
7 society 14 aging
7 society 18 and
8 to 9 raise
9 raise 12 consciousness
9 raise 13 about
10 the 12 consciousness
11 national 12 consciousness
15 , 18 and
16 health 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 prospects
18 and 23 ,
19 the 20 prospects
20 prospects 21 for
21 for 22 longevity
24 so 25 that
25 that 28 persons
25 that 35 and
26 many 27 more
27 more 28 persons
28 persons 35 and
29 take 30 responsibility
29 take 35 and
30 responsibility 31 for
31 for 34 health
32 their 34 health
33 personal 34 health
35 and 36 understand
36 understand 37 what
37 what 38 we
37 what 40 need
38 we 39 will
39 will 40 need
40 need 41 in
41 in 43 era
42 an 43 era
43 era 44 of
43 era 48 reform
44 of 45 health
46 - 48 reform
47 care 48 reform
48 reform 49 to
48 reform 50 promote
48 reform 56 .
49 to 50 promote
50 promote 51 health
51 health 52 across
52 across 55 course
53 the 55 course
54 life 55 course

we address this [imperative] by offering a relevant curriculum through a public - health lens , designed especially for university undergraduate students . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 16 ,
2 address 3 this
2 address 5 by
2 address 16 ,
5 by 6 offering
6 offering 9 curriculum
6 offering 10 through
7 a 8 relevant
7 a 9 curriculum
8 relevant 9 curriculum
10 through 15 lens
11 a 12 public
11 a 15 lens
12 public 13 -
12 public 14 health
14 health 15 lens
16 , 17 designed
16 , 18 especially
18 especially 19 for
19 for 22 students
20 university 22 students
21 undergraduate 22 students

unlike the traditional educational focus on graduate students who are already committed to a career in the health professions , the students in our sights have little prior exposure to the course content and [are] still largely uncertain of their career plans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 students
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 unlike 5 focus
1 unlike 20 ,
1 unlike 22 students
2 the 5 focus
3 traditional 5 focus
4 educational 5 focus
5 focus 6 on
6 on 8 students
7 graduate 8 students
8 students 9 who
8 students 10 are
9 who 10 are
10 are 12 committed
11 already 12 committed
12 committed 13 to
12 committed 16 in
13 to 15 career
14 a 15 career
16 in 19 professions
17 the 19 professions
18 health 19 professions
21 the 22 students
22 students 23 in
22 students 26 have
23 in 25 sights
24 our 25 sights
26 have 29 exposure
26 have 30 to
26 have 34 and
27 little 29 exposure
28 prior 29 exposure
30 to 32 course
31 the 32 course
33 content 34 and
34 and 36 still
34 and 38 uncertain
37 largely 38 uncertain
38 uncertain 39 of
39 of 42 plans
40 their 42 plans
41 career 42 plans

we believe this proposed course will help students understand aging processes as these evolve over time , understand the opportunities that arise from greater life expectancy , encourage them to promote their own health , and make a social contract to do so for society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 do
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 we 2 believe
2 believe 5 course
2 believe 9 understand
3 this 5 course
4 proposed 5 course
5 course 6 will
6 will 7 help
7 help 8 students
7 help 9 understand
9 understand 11 processes
9 understand 17 ,
10 aging 11 processes
11 processes 12 as
11 processes 17 ,
12 as 13 these
14 evolve 15 over
14 evolve 17 ,
15 over 16 time
17 , 27 ,
17 , 30 to
17 , 41 to
18 understand 20 opportunities
18 understand 23 from
18 understand 27 ,
19 the 20 opportunities
20 opportunities 21 that
20 opportunities 22 arise
21 that 22 arise
23 from 26 expectancy
24 greater 25 life
25 life 26 expectancy
27 , 28 encourage
28 encourage 29 them
30 to 36 and
31 promote 34 health
31 promote 36 and
32 their 33 own
32 their 34 health
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 make
36 and 40 contract
38 a 40 contract
39 social 40 contract
41 to 42 do
42 do 43 so
42 do 44 for
44 for 45 society

the increasing prevalence of co - occurring multiple chronic conditions in an aging population has influenced the debate on complexity in chronic care and nowadays provides an impetus to the reform of numerous health systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 prevalence
2 increasing 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 15 has
4 of 10 conditions
5 co 6 -
5 co 8 multiple
7 occurring 8 multiple
8 multiple 10 conditions
9 chronic 10 conditions
10 conditions 11 in
11 in 14 population
12 an 14 population
13 aging 14 population
15 has 24 and
16 influenced 18 debate
16 influenced 19 on
16 influenced 21 in
16 influenced 24 and
17 the 18 debate
19 on 20 complexity
21 in 23 care
22 chronic 23 care
24 and 26 provides
24 and 29 to
25 nowadays 26 provides
26 provides 28 impetus
27 an 28 impetus
29 to 31 reform
30 the 31 reform
31 reform 32 of
32 of 35 systems
33 numerous 34 health
34 health 35 systems

this article presents a theoretical lens for understanding the complexity of chronic care based on research and debate conducted in the context of multiple quality improvement programs over the last five years in belgium and the netherlands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 programs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 presents
3 presents 6 lens
3 presents 7 for
4 a 5 theoretical
4 a 6 lens
5 theoretical 6 lens
7 for 8 understanding
8 understanding 10 complexity
9 the 10 complexity
10 complexity 11 of
11 of 13 care
12 chronic 13 care
13 care 14 based
14 based 15 on
15 on 16 research
17 and 18 debate
17 and 19 conducted
18 debate 19 conducted
19 conducted 20 in
20 in 22 context
21 the 22 context
22 context 23 of
23 of 25 quality
24 multiple 25 quality
25 quality 26 improvement
25 quality 27 programs
26 improvement 27 programs
27 programs 28 over
27 programs 33 in
28 over 32 years
29 the 32 years
30 last 32 years
31 five 32 years
33 in 35 and
34 belgium 35 and
35 and 37 netherlands
36 the 37 netherlands

we consider four major components of complexity in chronic care against a background of complex adaptive systems [:] ( 1 [ )(case ( patient ) complexity [;] ( 2 ) care complexity ; [(] 3 [ )(quality assessment complexity [;] and [(] 4 [ )(health systems complexity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 we 2 consider
2 consider 5 components
2 consider 32 complexity
3 four 5 components
4 major 5 components
5 components 6 of
6 of 7 complexity
7 complexity 8 in
7 complexity 11 against
7 complexity 14 of
7 complexity 22 )(case
8 in 10 care
9 chronic 10 care
11 against 13 background
12 a 13 background
14 of 17 systems
15 complex 17 systems
16 adaptive 17 systems
19 ( 22 )(case
20 1 22 )(case
22 )(case 26 complexity
22 )(case 30 )
23 ( 26 complexity
24 patient 25 )
24 patient 26 complexity
26 complexity 29 2
26 complexity 30 )
28 ( 29 2
29 2 30 )
31 care 32 complexity
33 ; 41 and
35 3 37 )(quality
37 )(quality 38 assessment
38 assessment 39 complexity
39 complexity 41 and
41 and 47 complexity
43 4 45 )(health
45 )(health 47 complexity
46 systems 47 complexity

each of these components represents a range of elements that contribute to the picture of complexity in chronic care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 each
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 each 2 of
1 each 5 represents
2 of 4 components
3 these 4 components
5 represents 7 range
6 a 7 range
7 range 8 of
8 of 9 elements
9 elements 10 that
9 elements 11 contribute
10 that 11 contribute
11 contribute 12 to
11 contribute 17 in
12 to 14 picture
13 the 14 picture
14 picture 15 of
15 of 16 complexity
17 in 19 care
18 chronic 19 care

we emphasize that planning for chronic care requires equal attention to the complexity of all four components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 emphasize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 emphasize
2 emphasize 3 that
3 that 4 planning
3 that 8 requires
4 planning 5 for
4 planning 8 requires
5 for 7 care
6 chronic 7 care
8 requires 10 attention
8 requires 11 to
9 equal 10 attention
11 to 13 complexity
12 the 13 complexity
13 complexity 14 of
14 of 17 components
15 all 16 four
16 four 17 components

it also requires multifaceted interventions and implementation strategies that target improvements in multiple outcomes related to the structural , process , and outcome components of care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 it 3 requires
2 also 3 requires
3 requires 6 and
3 requires 15 related
4 multifaceted 5 interventions
5 interventions 6 and
6 and 8 strategies
6 and 9 that
6 and 10 target
6 and 15 related
7 implementation 8 strategies
9 that 10 target
10 target 11 improvements
11 improvements 12 in
12 in 14 outcomes
13 multiple 14 outcomes
15 related 16 to
16 to 22 and
17 the 20 process
18 structural 19 ,
18 structural 20 process
20 process 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 components
22 and 25 of
23 outcome 24 components
25 of 26 care

further empirical research is needed to assess the validity of our complexity framework in the health - care environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 further 3 research
2 empirical 3 research
3 research 4 is
4 is 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 9 validity
7 assess 14 in
8 the 9 validity
9 validity 10 of
10 of 13 framework
11 our 13 framework
12 complexity 13 framework
14 in 16 health
15 the 16 health
17 - 19 environment
17 - 20 .
18 care 19 environment

objectives : subtle deficits in visual selective attention have been found in amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 deficits
2 : 11 found
2 : 20 .
3 subtle 4 deficits
4 deficits 5 in
4 deficits 9 have
5 in 8 attention
6 visual 8 attention
7 selective 8 attention
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 found
11 found 12 in
12 in 16 impairment
13 amnestic 16 impairment
14 mild 16 impairment
15 cognitive 16 impairment
16 impairment 18 amci
17 ( 18 amci
18 amci 19 )

however , few studies have explored performance on visual search paradigms or the simon task , which are known to be sensitive to disease severity in alzheimer 's patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 explored
6 explored 7 performance
6 explored 8 on
8 on 12 or
9 visual 11 paradigms
10 search 11 paradigms
11 paradigms 12 or
12 or 15 task
13 the 15 task
14 simon 15 task
16 , 17 which
16 , 19 known
17 which 18 are
18 are 19 known
19 known 20 to
19 known 21 be
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 sensitive
22 sensitive 23 to
22 sensitive 26 in
23 to 25 severity
24 disease 25 severity
26 in 29 patients
27 alzheimer 28 's
28 's 29 patients

furthermore , there is limited research investigating [how] deficiencies can be ameliorated with exogenous support ( auditory cues ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 research
5 limited 6 research
6 research 7 investigating
6 research 9 deficiencies
6 research 11 be
6 research 12 ameliorated
9 deficiencies 10 can
10 can 11 be
12 ameliorated 13 with
13 with 15 support
14 exogenous 15 support
15 support 18 cues
16 ( 18 cues
17 auditory 18 cues
18 cues 19 )

method : sixteen individuals with amci and 14 control participants completed 3 experimental tasks that varied in demand and cue availability : visual search - alerting , visual search - orienting , and simon task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 and
2 : 16 varied
2 : 22 :
2 : 36 .
3 sixteen 4 individuals
4 individuals 5 with
4 individuals 7 and
5 with 6 amci
7 and 10 participants
7 and 11 completed
8 14 10 participants
9 control 10 participants
11 completed 14 tasks
12 3 14 tasks
13 experimental 14 tasks
14 tasks 15 that
14 tasks 16 varied
15 that 16 varied
16 varied 17 in
17 in 19 and
18 demand 19 and
19 and 21 availability
20 cue 21 availability
22 : 24 search
22 : 25 -
23 visual 24 search
25 - 26 alerting
25 - 27 ,
27 , 29 search
27 , 30 -
28 visual 29 search
30 - 33 and
31 orienting 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 task
34 simon 35 task

results : visual selective attention was influenced by amci , auditory cues , and task characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 5 attention
2 : 7 influenced
3 visual 5 attention
4 selective 5 attention
5 attention 6 was
6 was 7 influenced
7 influenced 8 by
8 by 14 and
9 amci 10 ,
10 , 12 cues
10 , 14 and
11 auditory 12 cues
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 characteristics
15 task 16 characteristics

visual search abilities were relatively consistent across groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 abilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 visual 2 search
2 search 3 abilities
3 abilities 4 were
4 were 6 consistent
5 relatively 6 consistent
6 consistent 7 across
7 across 8 groups

the amci participants were impaired on the simon task when working memory was required , but conflict [resolution] was similar to controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 participants
2 amci 3 participants
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 impaired
5 impaired 6 on
6 on 9 task
7 the 9 task
8 simon 9 task
9 task 10 when
10 when 11 working
10 when 14 required
11 working 12 memory
11 working 13 was
13 was 14 required
14 required 15 ,
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 conflict
16 but 19 was
17 conflict 19 was
19 was 20 similar
20 similar 21 to
21 to 22 controls

spatially informative orienting cues improved response times , whereas spatially neutral alerting cues did not influence performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 spatially 2 informative
2 informative 4 cues
3 orienting 4 cues
4 cues 5 improved
5 improved 7 times
5 improved 9 whereas
6 response 7 times
8 , 9 whereas
9 whereas 13 cues
10 spatially 11 neutral
11 neutral 13 cues
12 alerting 13 cues
13 cues 14 did
14 did 15 not
14 did 16 influence
16 influence 17 performance

finally , spatially informative auditory cues benefited the amci group more than controls in the visual search task , specifically at the largest array size where orienting demands were [greatest] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 benefited
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 6 cues
3 spatially 6 cues
4 informative 6 cues
5 auditory 6 cues
6 cues 7 benefited
7 benefited 10 group
7 benefited 11 more
7 benefited 12 than
8 the 10 group
9 amci 10 group
12 than 13 controls
13 controls 14 in
13 controls 21 at
14 in 18 task
15 the 18 task
16 visual 17 search
17 search 18 task
19 , 20 specifically
19 , 21 at
21 at 25 size
21 at 31 .
22 the 23 largest
22 the 25 size
24 array 25 size
25 size 26 where
26 where 27 orienting
26 where 29 were
27 orienting 28 demands
27 orienting 29 were

discussion : these findings suggest that individuals with amci have working memory deficits and subtle deficiencies in orienting attention and rely on exogenous information to guide attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 20 and
2 : 28 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 20 and
5 suggest 6 that
5 suggest 20 and
6 that 7 individuals
6 that 10 have
7 individuals 8 with
7 individuals 10 have
8 with 9 amci
10 have 14 and
10 have 17 in
11 working 13 deficits
12 memory 13 deficits
13 deficits 14 and
14 and 16 deficiencies
15 subtle 16 deficiencies
17 in 18 orienting
18 orienting 19 attention
20 and 21 rely
21 rely 22 on
22 on 24 information
23 exogenous 24 information
24 information 25 to
25 to 27 attention
26 guide 27 attention

is the developing bilingual brain fundamentally similar to the monolingual brain ( e.g [.] , neural resources supporting language and cognition ) ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ?
1 is 5 brain
1 is 6 fundamentally
1 is 7 similar
2 the 5 brain
3 developing 5 brain
4 bilingual 5 brain
7 similar 8 to
8 to 11 brain
9 the 11 brain
10 monolingual 11 brain
11 brain 20 and
12 ( 20 and
13 e.g 15 ,
13 e.g 17 resources
16 neural 17 resources
17 resources 18 supporting
17 resources 20 and
18 supporting 19 language
20 and 21 cognition
20 and 22 )

or , does early - life bilingual language experience change the brain ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ?
1 or 2 ,
1 or 3 does
1 or 10 change
3 does 9 experience
3 does 10 change
4 early 5 -
4 early 6 life
6 life 9 experience
7 bilingual 8 language
8 language 9 experience
10 change 12 brain
11 the 12 brain

[if] so , how does age of first bilingual exposure impact neural activation for language ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 so
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ?
3 , 4 how
3 , 11 impact
4 how 5 does
5 does 6 age
5 does 11 impact
6 age 7 of
7 of 10 exposure
8 first 10 exposure
9 bilingual 10 exposure
11 impact 13 activation
12 neural 13 activation
13 activation 14 for
14 for 15 language

we compared [how] [typically] - developing bilingual and monolingual children ( ages 7 - 10 ) and adults recruit brain areas during sentence processing using functional near infrared spectroscopy ( fnirs ) brain imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 compared
5 - 10 children
5 - 17 and
6 developing 10 children
7 bilingual 8 and
8 and 9 monolingual
8 and 10 children
10 children 12 ages
11 ( 12 ages
12 ages 13 7
12 ages 15 10
12 ages 16 )
14 - 15 10
15 10 16 )
17 and 21 areas
17 and 33 brain
18 adults 21 areas
19 recruit 20 brain
20 brain 21 areas
21 areas 22 during
21 areas 33 brain
22 during 29 spectroscopy
23 sentence 29 spectroscopy
24 processing 29 spectroscopy
25 using 29 spectroscopy
26 functional 29 spectroscopy
27 near 28 infrared
28 infrared 29 spectroscopy
29 spectroscopy 31 fnirs
30 ( 31 fnirs
31 fnirs 32 )
33 brain 34 imaging

bilingual participants included early - exposed ( bilingual exposure from birth ) [and] later [-] exposed individuals ( bilingual exposure between ages 4 - 6 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 exposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 bilingual 2 participants
2 participants 3 included
2 participants 9 exposure
2 participants 16 exposed
3 included 4 early
3 included 5 -
3 included 6 exposed
7 ( 9 exposure
8 bilingual 9 exposure
9 exposure 10 from
9 exposure 12 )
10 from 11 birth
14 later 16 exposed
16 exposed 17 individuals
17 individuals 20 exposure
18 ( 20 exposure
19 bilingual 20 exposure
20 exposure 21 between
20 exposure 25 6
20 exposure 26 )
21 between 22 ages
22 ages 23 4
24 - 25 6
25 6 26 )

both bilingual children and adults showed greater neural activation in left - hemisphere classic language areas , and additionally , right - hemisphere homologues [(] right superior temporal gyrus , right inferior frontal gyrus ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 both 3 children
2 bilingual 3 children
3 children 4 and
4 and 5 adults
4 and 6 showed
6 showed 9 activation
6 showed 10 in
7 greater 9 activation
8 neural 9 activation
10 in 16 areas
11 left 12 -
11 left 13 hemisphere
13 hemisphere 14 classic
14 classic 16 areas
15 language 16 areas
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 additionally
18 and 24 homologues
18 and 26 right
20 , 21 right
21 right 22 -
21 right 24 homologues
23 hemisphere 24 homologues
24 homologues 26 right
26 right 29 gyrus
27 superior 28 temporal
28 temporal 29 gyrus
29 gyrus 34 gyrus
30 , 34 gyrus
31 right 32 inferior
32 inferior 33 frontal
33 frontal 34 gyrus
34 gyrus 35 )

however , important differences were observed between early - exposed [and] later - exposed bilinguals in their earliest - exposed language . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 differences
3 important 4 differences
4 differences 5 were
5 were 6 observed
6 observed 7 between
6 observed 16 in
7 between 15 bilinguals
8 early 9 -
8 early 15 bilinguals
10 exposed 15 bilinguals
12 later 13 -
12 later 15 bilinguals
14 exposed 15 bilinguals
16 in 21 language
17 their 18 earliest
17 their 21 language
18 earliest 19 -
20 exposed 21 language

early bilingual exposure imparts fundamental changes to classic language areas instead of alterations to brain regions governing higher cognitive executive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imparts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 early 3 exposure
2 bilingual 3 exposure
3 exposure 4 imparts
4 imparts 6 changes
4 imparts 7 to
4 imparts 12 of
4 imparts 14 to
5 fundamental 6 changes
7 to 10 areas
8 classic 9 language
9 language 10 areas
11 instead 12 of
12 of 13 alterations
14 to 16 regions
15 brain 16 regions
16 regions 17 governing
17 governing 21 functions
18 higher 20 executive
19 cognitive 20 executive
20 executive 21 functions

however , age of first bilingual exposure does matter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 does
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 8 does
4 of 7 exposure
5 first 7 exposure
6 bilingual 7 exposure
8 does 9 matter

later - exposed bilinguals [showed] [greater] [recruitment] of the prefrontal cortex relative to early - exposed bilinguals and monolinguals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 later 2 -
1 later 4 bilinguals
3 exposed 4 bilinguals
4 bilinguals 8 of
4 bilinguals 18 and
8 of 11 cortex
9 the 11 cortex
10 prefrontal 11 cortex
11 cortex 12 relative
12 relative 13 to
13 to 17 bilinguals
14 early 15 -
14 early 17 bilinguals
16 exposed 17 bilinguals
18 and 19 monolinguals

the findings provide fascinating insight into the neural resources that facilitate bilingual language use and [are] discussed in terms of how early - life language experiences can modify the neural systems underlying human language processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 processing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 provide
3 provide 5 insight
3 provide 18 in
4 fascinating 5 insight
5 insight 6 into
6 into 9 resources
7 the 9 resources
8 neural 9 resources
9 resources 10 that
9 resources 15 and
10 that 15 and
11 facilitate 14 use
11 facilitate 15 and
12 bilingual 14 use
13 language 14 use
15 and 17 discussed
18 in 19 terms
19 terms 20 of
20 of 21 how
21 how 22 early
23 - 24 life
24 life 26 experiences
24 life 35 processing
25 language 26 experiences
26 experiences 27 can
27 can 28 modify
28 modify 31 systems
29 the 31 systems
30 neural 31 systems
31 systems 32 underlying
31 systems 35 processing
32 underlying 34 language
33 human 34 language

background : hospitalised older people are at risk for poor functioning after hospital discharge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 people
2 : 6 are
2 : 15 .
3 hospitalised 5 people
4 older 5 people
5 people 6 are
6 are 7 at
6 are 12 after
7 at 8 risk
8 risk 9 for
9 for 11 functioning
10 poor 11 functioning
12 after 14 discharge
13 hospital 14 discharge

we aimed to validate the predictive ability of the identification seniors at risk - hospitalized patients ( isar - [hp] [ )(screening questionnaire to identify older patients at risk for functional dependence by comparing groups with different isar - [hp] scores on cognitive and physical functioning , mortality , health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) and loneliness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
3 to 4 validate
4 validate 7 ability
5 the 7 ability
6 predictive 7 ability
7 ability 8 of
8 of 13 risk
9 the 13 risk
10 identification 11 seniors
11 seniors 12 at
12 at 13 risk
13 risk 18 isar
13 risk 22 )(screening
14 - 18 isar
15 hospitalized 18 isar
16 patients 18 isar
17 ( 18 isar
18 isar 19 -
19 - 22 )(screening
22 )(screening 23 questionnaire
23 questionnaire 24 to
23 questionnaire 35 groups
24 to 25 identify
25 identify 27 patients
25 identify 30 for
26 older 27 patients
27 patients 28 at
28 at 29 risk
30 for 32 dependence
31 functional 32 dependence
32 dependence 33 by
32 dependence 35 groups
33 by 34 comparing
35 groups 36 with
36 with 38 isar
36 with 48 mortality
37 different 38 isar
38 isar 41 scores
39 - 41 scores
41 scores 42 on
41 scores 47 ,
42 on 44 and
43 cognitive 44 and
44 and 45 physical
44 and 47 ,
45 physical 46 functioning
48 mortality 50 health
49 , 50 health
50 health 59 and
50 health 61 .
51 - 59 and
52 related 53 quality
53 quality 54 of
53 quality 59 and
54 of 55 life
55 life 57 hrqol
56 ( 57 hrqol
57 hrqol 58 )
59 and 60 loneliness
59 and 61 .

design : a longitudinal prospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 7 study
3 a 4 longitudinal
3 a 7 study
4 longitudinal 6 cohort
5 prospective 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 study

setting : a 450 [-] bed hospital in the netherlands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 7 hospital
3 a 7 hospital
4 450 7 hospital
6 bed 7 hospital
7 hospital 8 in
8 in 10 netherlands
9 the 10 netherlands

subjects : four hundred and sixty patients 65 years or older admitted between june 2010 and october 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 admitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 subjects 2 :
2 : 10 or
2 : 12 admitted
3 four 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 sixty
6 sixty 9 years
7 patients 9 years
8 65 9 years
9 years 10 or
10 or 11 older
12 admitted 13 between
13 between 16 and
14 june 15 2010
14 june 16 and
16 and 17 october
17 october 18 2010

methods : participants were classified into five risk groups at hospital admission using the isar [-] [hp] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 were
2 : 18 .
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 classified
5 classified 6 into
5 classified 10 at
5 classified 13 using
6 into 9 groups
7 five 9 groups
8 risk 9 groups
10 at 12 admission
11 hospital 12 admission
13 using 15 isar
14 the 15 isar

we interviewed patients at hospital admission and at 3 and 12 months after admission using validated questionnaires to score hrqol , physical functioning , cognitive functioning and loneliness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 interviewed
2 interviewed 3 patients
2 interviewed 7 and
2 interviewed 13 after
4 at 6 admission
4 at 7 and
5 hospital 6 admission
7 and 8 at
8 at 10 and
9 3 10 and
10 and 11 12
11 12 12 months
12 months 13 after
13 after 27 and
14 admission 15 using
14 admission 21 ,
15 using 17 questionnaires
15 using 18 to
16 validated 17 questionnaires
18 to 19 score
19 score 20 hrqol
21 , 23 functioning
21 , 24 ,
22 physical 23 functioning
24 , 26 functioning
24 , 27 and
25 cognitive 26 functioning
27 and 28 loneliness

differences in survival were quantified by a concordance statistic [(] [c] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 )(
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 4 were
2 in 3 survival
4 were 5 quantified
5 quantified 6 by
6 by 9 statistic
7 a 9 statistic
8 concordance 9 statistic

results : cognitive functioning , [physical] functioning , loneliness and hrqol differed significantly between groups during the 1 - [year] follow - up after hospital admission ( all comparisons p < 0.05 ) , with high - risk groups having lower scores than low - risk groups for functioning and loneliness , [although] [not] always for hrqol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 functioning
3 cognitive 4 functioning
4 functioning 7 functioning
5 , 7 functioning
7 functioning 8 ,
8 , 10 and
8 , 12 differed
8 , 19 -
9 loneliness 10 and
10 and 11 hrqol
10 and 12 differed
12 differed 13 significantly
12 differed 14 between
12 differed 16 during
14 between 15 groups
16 during 18 1
17 the 18 1
19 - 21 follow
19 - 22 -
22 - 23 up
23 up 24 after
23 up 26 admission
23 up 35 with
24 after 25 hospital
26 admission 29 comparisons
27 ( 29 comparisons
28 all 29 comparisons
29 comparisons 31 <
29 comparisons 34 ,
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.05
31 < 33 )
35 with 39 groups
35 with 43 than
35 with 47 groups
36 high 37 -
36 high 39 groups
38 risk 39 groups
39 groups 40 having
40 having 42 scores
41 lower 42 scores
44 low 45 -
44 low 47 groups
46 risk 47 groups
47 groups 48 for
48 for 50 and
49 functioning 50 and
50 and 51 loneliness
50 and 52 ,
50 and 56 for
52 , 55 always
52 , 56 for
56 for 57 hrqol
56 for 58 .

the lowest risk group ( isar - [hp] = 0 ) scored consistently higher on functioning and hrqol than all other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 lowest
1 the 4 group
3 risk 4 group
4 group 6 isar
4 group 10 0
4 group 12 scored
5 ( 6 isar
6 isar 7 -
7 - 10 0
9 = 10 0
10 0 11 )
12 scored 14 higher
13 consistently 14 higher
14 higher 15 on
14 higher 19 than
15 on 17 and
16 functioning 17 and
17 and 18 hrqol
19 than 22 groups
20 all 21 other
21 other 22 groups

mortality differed significantly between groups ( p < 0.001 , c = 0.67 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 mortality 2 differed
2 differed 3 significantly
2 differed 4 between
4 between 5 groups
5 groups 8 <
5 groups 12 =
6 ( 8 <
7 p 8 <
8 < 9 0.001
8 < 10 ,
10 , 12 =
11 c 12 =
12 = 13 0.67
12 = 14 )

conclusions : the isar - [hp] can readily distinguish well [-] functioning older patients from patients with low functioning and low hrqol after hospital admission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 isar
2 : 5 -
3 the 4 isar
5 - 20 and
7 can 9 distinguish
7 can 20 and
8 readily 9 distinguish
9 distinguish 14 patients
10 well 12 functioning
12 functioning 14 patients
13 older 14 patients
14 patients 15 from
15 from 16 patients
16 patients 17 with
17 with 19 functioning
18 low 19 functioning
20 and 21 low
21 low 22 hrqol
21 low 23 after
23 after 25 admission
24 hospital 25 admission

the isar [-] [hp] may hence assist in selecting patients who may benefit from individually tailored reactivation treatment that is provided next to treatment of their medical condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 isar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 isar
2 isar 5 may
5 may 7 assist
6 hence 7 assist
7 assist 8 in
7 assist 14 from
8 in 9 selecting
9 selecting 10 patients
10 patients 11 who
10 patients 12 may
11 who 12 may
12 may 13 benefit
14 from 18 treatment
15 individually 16 tailored
16 tailored 18 treatment
17 reactivation 18 treatment
18 treatment 21 provided
19 that 20 is
20 is 21 provided
21 provided 23 to
22 next 23 to
23 to 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 of
25 of 28 condition
26 their 28 condition
27 medical 28 condition

people may reach the upper limits of the human life span at least partly because they have maintained more appropriate immune function [,] avoiding changes to immunity termed " immunosenescence . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 people 2 may
2 may 3 reach
3 reach 5 upper
4 the 5 upper
5 upper 6 limits
5 upper 11 span
6 limits 7 of
6 limits 11 span
7 of 10 life
8 the 10 life
9 human 10 life
11 span 13 least
11 span 14 partly
11 span 26 to
12 at 13 least
14 partly 15 because
15 because 16 they
15 because 18 maintained
16 they 17 have
17 have 18 maintained
18 maintained 25 changes
19 more 20 appropriate
20 appropriate 22 function
21 immune 22 function
22 function 25 changes
24 avoiding 25 changes
26 to 27 immunity
27 immunity 28 termed
28 termed 29 "
28 termed 30 immunosenescence
31 . 32 "

exceptionally long - [lived] people may be enriched for genes that contribute to their longevity , some of which may [bear] [on] [immune] function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 enriched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 exceptionally 2 long
2 long 3 -
2 long 5 people
5 people 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 enriched
8 enriched 9 for
9 for 10 genes
10 genes 11 that
10 genes 12 contribute
11 that 12 contribute
12 contribute 13 to
13 to 15 longevity
14 their 15 longevity
16 , 17 some
16 , 24 function
17 some 18 of
17 some 24 function
18 of 19 which
18 of 20 may
19 which 20 may

centenarian offspring would be expected to inherit some of these , which might be reflected in their resistance to immunosenescence , and contribute to their potential longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 offspring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 centenarian 2 offspring
2 offspring 3 would
3 would 4 be
4 be 5 expected
5 expected 6 to
5 expected 7 inherit
6 to 7 inherit
7 inherit 10 these
8 some 9 of
8 some 10 these
9 of 10 these
11 , 12 which
11 , 22 and
12 which 13 might
13 might 22 and
14 be 15 reflected
14 be 22 and
15 reflected 16 in
15 reflected 19 to
16 in 18 resistance
17 their 18 resistance
19 to 20 immunosenescence
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 contribute
22 and 24 to
24 to 27 longevity
25 their 27 longevity
26 potential 27 longevity

we have tested this hypothesis by comparing centenarian offspring with age - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 tested
3 tested 5 hypothesis
3 tested 6 by
4 this 5 hypothesis
6 by 7 comparing
7 comparing 9 offspring
7 comparing 10 with
8 centenarian 9 offspring
10 with 11 age
12 - 14 controls
12 - 15 .
13 matched 14 controls

we report differences in the numbers and proportions of both cd4 ( [+] [ )(and cd8 ( [+] [ )(early - and late - differentiated [t] cells , as well as potentially senescent cd8 [(] + [ )( cells , suggesting that the adaptive [t] - cell arm of the immune system is more " youthful " in centenarian offspring than controls [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 differences
3 differences 4 in
4 in 6 numbers
5 the 6 numbers
7 and 15 )(and
8 proportions 9 of
8 proportions 15 )(and
9 of 11 cd4
10 both 11 cd4
12 ( 15 )(and
15 )(and 16 cd8
15 )(and 22 and
15 )(and 25 differentiated
17 ( 22 and
20 )(early 22 and
21 - 22 and
22 and 23 late
22 and 24 -
25 differentiated 27 cells
27 cells 36 +
28 , 36 +
29 as 30 well
29 as 36 +
30 well 31 as
30 well 36 +
31 as 34 cd8
32 potentially 33 senescent
33 senescent 34 cd8
36 + 39 cells
39 cells 41 suggesting
40 , 41 suggesting
41 suggesting 42 that
42 that 48 arm
42 that 53 is
43 the 48 arm
44 adaptive 46 -
44 adaptive 48 arm
47 cell 48 arm
48 arm 49 of
48 arm 53 is
49 of 52 system
50 the 52 system
51 immune 52 system
53 is 56 youthful
54 more 55 "
54 more 56 youthful
56 youthful 57 "
56 youthful 58 in
56 youthful 61 than
58 in 60 offspring
59 centenarian 60 offspring
61 than 62 controls

this might reflect a superior ability to mount effective responses against newly encountered antigens and thus contribute to better protection against infection and to greater longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 better
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 might
2 might 3 reflect
3 reflect 6 ability
4 a 5 superior
4 a 6 ability
5 superior 6 ability
6 ability 7 to
6 ability 15 and
7 to 15 and
8 mount 10 responses
8 mount 11 against
8 mount 15 and
9 effective 10 responses
11 against 14 antigens
12 newly 13 encountered
13 encountered 14 antigens
15 and 17 contribute
16 thus 17 contribute
17 contribute 18 to
18 to 19 better
19 better 20 protection
20 protection 23 and
21 against 22 infection
21 against 23 and
23 and 24 to
24 to 26 longevity
25 greater 26 longevity

background : whether insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in older chinese differ from younger persons without diabetes has not been examined and is unknown to us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 22 and
2 : 27 .
3 whether 6 and
3 whether 12 differ
3 whether 22 and
4 insulin 5 secretion
5 secretion 6 and
6 and 8 sensitivity
6 and 9 in
6 and 12 differ
7 insulin 8 sensitivity
9 in 11 chinese
10 older 11 chinese
12 differ 13 from
12 differ 16 without
13 from 15 persons
14 younger 15 persons
16 without 17 diabetes
18 has 19 not
18 has 20 been
18 has 22 and
20 been 21 examined
22 and 23 is
23 is 24 unknown
24 unknown 25 to
25 to 26 us

methods : oral glucose tolerance [test] was performed in a total of 32,245 chinese without diabetes history . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 tolerance
2 : 8 performed
2 : 18 .
3 oral 5 tolerance
4 glucose 5 tolerance
5 tolerance 7 was
7 was 8 performed
8 performed 9 in
9 in 11 total
10 a 11 total
11 total 12 of
12 of 13 32,245
13 32,245 14 chinese
14 chinese 15 without
15 without 17 history
16 diabetes 17 history

insulin sensitivity was estimated by matsuda 's insulin sensitivity index ( matsuda isi ) , and insulin secretion was measured by the insulinogenic index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 insulin 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 was
3 was 4 estimated
4 estimated 5 by
5 by 10 index
6 matsuda 7 's
7 's 10 index
8 insulin 10 index
9 sensitivity 10 index
10 index 13 isi
11 ( 13 isi
12 matsuda 13 isi
13 isi 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 secretion
16 and 19 was
17 insulin 18 secretion
18 secretion 19 was
19 was 20 measured
20 measured 21 by
21 by 24 index
22 the 24 index
23 insulinogenic 24 index

the insulin secretion and sensitivity were compared among three age groups : 20 - 39 ( the young ) , 40 - 59 ( the middle [ )(, and greater than [or] equal to 60 years [(] [the] [older] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insulin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 insulin
2 insulin 4 and
2 insulin 6 were
2 insulin 7 compared
2 insulin 8 among
2 insulin 12 :
3 secretion 4 and
4 and 5 sensitivity
4 and 6 were
8 among 11 groups
9 three 10 age
10 age 11 groups
12 : 13 20
13 20 15 39
14 - 15 39
15 39 18 young
15 39 19 )
16 ( 18 young
17 the 18 young
18 young 19 )
20 , 21 40
20 , 22 -
22 - 23 59
23 59 36 years
24 ( 36 years
25 the 26 middle
26 middle 29 and
28 )(, 29 and
29 and 30 greater
29 and 36 years
30 greater 31 than
31 than 33 equal
31 than 34 to
34 to 35 60
36 years 40 )

results : a higher proportion of postchallenge hyperglycemia ( ph ) , both in prediabetes and in diabetes [stage] , was associated with older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 proportion
2 : 22 associated
2 : 26 .
3 a 5 proportion
4 higher 5 proportion
5 proportion 6 of
5 proportion 21 was
6 of 8 hyperglycemia
7 postchallenge 8 hyperglycemia
8 hyperglycemia 10 ph
8 hyperglycemia 13 both
9 ( 10 ph
10 ph 11 )
12 , 13 both
13 both 16 and
13 both 20 ,
14 in 15 prediabetes
14 in 16 and
16 and 17 in
17 in 18 diabetes
21 was 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 25 age
24 older 25 age

in the young , middle , and older age groups , the insulinogenic index median was 10.64 , 8.40 , and [6.67] , respectively , in individuals with normal glucose tolerance ( ngt ) [;] [it] was 8.56 [,] 6.12 [,] and 4.98 in individuals with prediabetes , respectively [(] [p] < [.] 001 vs the young group [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 in 10 groups
2 the 5 middle
3 young 4 ,
3 young 5 middle
5 middle 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 older
7 and 10 groups
9 age 10 groups
11 , 15 median
11 , 16 was
11 , 21 and
12 the 15 median
13 insulinogenic 15 median
14 index 15 median
15 median 16 was
16 was 17 10.64
17 10.64 19 8.40
18 , 19 8.40
19 8.40 20 ,
21 and 23 ,
21 and 24 respectively
21 and 31 tolerance
23 , 24 respectively
24 respectively 25 ,
26 in 27 individuals
26 in 31 tolerance
27 individuals 28 with
28 with 30 glucose
29 normal 30 glucose
31 tolerance 33 ngt
31 tolerance 37 was
32 ( 33 ngt
33 ngt 34 )
37 was 45 individuals
38 8.56 45 individuals
40 6.12 42 and
42 and 43 4.98
42 and 44 in
44 in 45 individuals
45 individuals 46 with
46 with 47 prediabetes
47 prediabetes 54 001
48 , 49 respectively
48 , 54 001
52 < 54 001
54 001 55 vs
54 001 60 )(
55 vs 58 group
56 the 58 group
57 young 58 group

in these three age groups , the matsuda insulin sensitivity index was 8.20 , 8.39 , and 8.84 in individuals with normal glucose tolerance , and it [was] [5.23] , 5.94 , and 6.33 in individuals with prediabetes , respectively [(] [p] < [.] 05 vs the young group [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 in 3 three
1 in 4 age
2 these 3 three
4 age 5 groups
6 , 17 and
7 the 10 sensitivity
8 matsuda 9 insulin
9 insulin 10 sensitivity
10 sensitivity 17 and
11 index 12 was
12 was 13 8.20
13 8.20 15 8.39
14 , 15 8.39
15 8.39 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 individuals
18 8.84 19 in
19 in 20 individuals
20 individuals 21 with
21 with 33 and
22 normal 23 glucose
23 glucose 24 tolerance
24 tolerance 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 it
26 and 31 5.94
26 and 33 and
30 , 31 5.94
31 5.94 32 ,
33 and 36 individuals
33 and 37 with
34 6.33 35 in
35 in 36 individuals
37 with 38 prediabetes
38 prediabetes 45 05
39 , 40 respectively
39 , 45 05
43 < 45 05
45 05 46 vs
45 05 51 )(
46 vs 49 group
47 the 49 group
48 young 49 group

[these] differences [were] independent [of] body mass index [and] waist circumference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 circumference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
2 differences 11 circumference
4 independent 6 body
6 body 11 circumference
7 mass 11 circumference
8 index 11 circumference
10 waist 11 circumference

conclusions : older chinese without diabetes [are] characterized with worse insulin secretion and better insulin sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 16 sensitivity
3 older 4 chinese
4 chinese 5 without
4 chinese 8 characterized
4 chinese 13 and
5 without 6 diabetes
8 characterized 9 with
9 with 12 secretion
10 worse 11 insulin
11 insulin 12 secretion
13 and 14 better
13 and 15 insulin
15 insulin 16 sensitivity

insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance may contribute disproportionately to abnormal glucose tolerance in people of different age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 insulin 2 insufficiency
2 insufficiency 3 and
3 and 5 resistance
3 and 6 may
4 insulin 5 resistance
6 may 7 contribute
7 contribute 8 disproportionately
7 contribute 9 to
7 contribute 13 in
9 to 12 tolerance
10 abnormal 11 glucose
11 glucose 12 tolerance
13 in 14 people
14 people 15 of
15 of 17 age
16 different 17 age

cdkn1a ( p21 ) and cdkn2a ( p16 ) inhibit cdk4/6 , initiating senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 inhibit
1 cdkn1a 3 p21
1 cdkn1a 5 and
2 ( 3 p21
3 p21 4 )
5 and 6 cdkn2a
5 and 10 inhibit
6 cdkn2a 8 p16
7 ( 8 p16
8 p16 9 )
10 inhibit 11 cdk4/6
11 cdk4/6 13 initiating
12 , 13 initiating
13 initiating 14 senescence
13 initiating 15 .

according to our view on senescence , the role of p21 and p16 is to cause cell cycle arrest , whereas mtor ( mechanistic target [of] rapamycin ) drives geroconversion to senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 drives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 view
2 to 9 role
3 our 4 view
5 on 6 senescence
5 on 7 ,
5 on 9 role
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 of
9 role 14 is
10 of 12 and
11 p21 12 and
12 and 13 p16
14 is 15 to
14 is 16 cause
15 to 16 cause
16 cause 19 arrest
16 cause 21 whereas
17 cell 19 arrest
18 cycle 19 arrest
20 , 21 whereas
21 whereas 22 mtor
22 mtor 27 rapamycin
22 mtor 29 drives
23 ( 27 rapamycin
24 mechanistic 25 target
25 target 27 rapamycin
27 rapamycin 28 )
29 drives 30 geroconversion
30 geroconversion 31 to
31 to 32 senescence

recently we demonstrated that one of the markers of p21 - and p16 - initiated senescence is mek - dependent hyper - elevation of cyclin d1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 recently 2 we
2 we 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
3 demonstrated 17 is
4 that 12 and
4 that 15 initiated
4 that 17 is
5 one 6 of
5 one 9 of
5 one 12 and
6 of 8 markers
7 the 8 markers
9 of 10 p21
11 - 12 and
12 and 13 p16
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 initiated
15 initiated 16 senescence
17 is 18 mek
19 - 23 elevation
20 dependent 23 elevation
21 hyper 22 -
21 hyper 23 elevation
23 elevation 24 of
24 of 26 d1
25 cyclin 26 d1

we noticed that a synthetic inhibitor of cdk 4/6 ( pd0332991 ) also induced cyclin d1 - positive senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 noticed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 noticed
2 noticed 3 that
3 that 6 inhibitor
3 that 14 induced
4 a 5 synthetic
4 a 6 inhibitor
5 synthetic 6 inhibitor
6 inhibitor 7 of
6 inhibitor 14 induced
7 of 8 cdk
8 cdk 9 4/6
8 cdk 11 pd0332991
10 ( 11 pd0332991
11 pd0332991 12 )
13 also 14 induced
14 induced 16 d1
15 cyclin 16 d1
17 - 19 senescence
18 positive 19 senescence

we demonstrated that pd0332991 and p21 caused almost identical senescence phenotypes . p21 , p16 , and pd0332991 do not inhibit mtor , and rapamycin decelerates geroconversion caused by all 3 molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 demonstrated
2 demonstrated 5 and
3 that 5 and
4 pd0332991 5 and
5 and 6 p21
5 and 7 caused
5 and 10 senescence
5 and 11 phenotypes
8 almost 9 identical
9 identical 10 senescence
10 senescence 11 phenotypes
12 . 17 and
12 . 21 inhibit
12 . 24 and
12 . 33 .
13 p21 14 ,
13 p21 15 p16
15 p16 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 pd0332991
17 and 19 do
19 do 20 not
19 do 21 inhibit
21 inhibit 22 mtor
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 rapamycin
24 and 26 decelerates
25 rapamycin 26 decelerates
26 decelerates 27 geroconversion
27 geroconversion 28 caused
27 geroconversion 29 by
29 by 32 molecules
30 all 31 3
31 3 32 molecules

like p21 , pd0332991 initiated senescence at any concentration that inhibited cell proliferation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 like
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 like 2 p21
3 , 4 pd0332991
3 , 5 initiated
4 pd0332991 5 initiated
5 initiated 6 senescence
5 initiated 7 at
7 at 13 proliferation
8 any 13 proliferation
9 concentration 13 proliferation
10 that 11 inhibited
11 inhibited 12 cell
12 cell 13 proliferation

this confirms the notion that a mere arrest in the presence of active mtor may lead to senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 confirms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 confirms
2 confirms 4 notion
3 the 4 notion
4 notion 5 that
5 that 8 arrest
5 that 16 lead
6 a 7 mere
6 a 8 arrest
7 mere 8 arrest
8 arrest 9 in
8 arrest 15 may
9 in 11 presence
10 the 11 presence
11 presence 12 of
12 of 14 mtor
13 active 14 mtor
15 may 16 lead
16 lead 17 to
17 to 18 senescence

[none] background & aims : life expectancy is an important consideration when assessing appropriateness of preventive programs for older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
2 background 3 &
3 & 4 aims
5 : 7 expectancy
5 : 8 is
5 : 21 .
6 life 7 expectancy
7 expectancy 8 is
8 is 11 consideration
8 is 12 when
9 an 10 important
9 an 11 consideration
10 important 11 consideration
12 when 13 assessing
13 assessing 14 appropriateness
14 appropriateness 15 of
15 of 17 programs
16 preventive 17 programs
17 programs 18 for
18 for 20 individuals
19 older 20 individuals

most studies on this subject have used age cutoffs as a proxy for life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 most 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
2 studies 6 have
3 on 5 subject
4 this 5 subject
6 have 7 used
7 used 9 cutoffs
7 used 10 as
8 age 9 cutoffs
10 as 12 proxy
11 a 12 proxy
12 proxy 13 for
13 for 15 expectancy
14 life 15 expectancy

we analyzed patterns of utilization of screening colonoscopy in medicare enrollees by using estimated life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 3 patterns
2 analyzed 9 in
2 analyzed 12 by
3 patterns 4 of
3 patterns 6 of
4 of 5 utilization
6 of 7 screening
7 screening 8 colonoscopy
9 in 11 enrollees
10 medicare 11 enrollees
12 by 13 using
13 using 16 expectancy
14 estimated 15 life
15 life 16 expectancy

methods : we used a 5 % random national sample of medicare claims data to identify average - risk patients who underwent screening colonoscopies from 2008 to 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 used
3 we 4 used
4 used 10 sample
4 used 15 to
5 a 10 sample
6 5 7 %
7 % 10 sample
8 random 10 sample
9 national 10 sample
10 sample 11 of
11 of 14 data
12 medicare 14 data
13 claims 14 data
15 to 16 identify
16 identify 20 patients
17 average 18 -
17 average 20 patients
19 risk 20 patients
20 patients 21 who
20 patients 22 underwent
20 patients 23 screening
21 who 22 underwent
23 screening 24 colonoscopies
23 screening 27 to
25 from 27 to
26 2008 27 to
27 to 28 2010

colonoscopies were considered to be screening colonoscopies in the absence of diagnoses for nonscreening indications , which were based on either colonoscopies or any claims in the preceding 3 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 colonoscopies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 considered
1 colonoscopies 2 were
2 were 3 considered
3 considered 4 to
3 considered 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 screening
6 screening 7 colonoscopies
7 colonoscopies 8 in
7 colonoscopies 13 for
8 in 10 absence
9 the 10 absence
10 absence 11 of
11 of 12 diagnoses
13 for 15 indications
14 nonscreening 15 indications
15 indications 17 which
16 , 17 which
17 which 18 were
17 which 31 .
18 were 19 based
19 based 20 on
20 on 23 or
21 either 23 or
22 colonoscopies 23 or
23 or 25 claims
23 or 26 in
24 any 25 claims
26 in 30 months
27 the 30 months
28 preceding 30 months
29 3 30 months

we estimated life expectancies by using a model that combined age , sex , and comorbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 estimated
2 estimated 4 expectancies
2 estimated 5 by
3 life 4 expectancies
5 by 6 using
6 using 8 model
7 a 8 model
8 model 9 that
8 model 10 combined
9 that 10 combined
10 combined 15 and
11 age 12 ,
12 , 13 sex
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 comorbidity

among patients who underwent screening colonoscopies , we calculated the percentage of those with life expectancies < 10 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 among 2 patients
1 among 11 percentage
2 patients 3 who
2 patients 4 underwent
3 who 4 underwent
5 screening 6 colonoscopies
5 screening 7 ,
5 screening 11 percentage
7 , 9 calculated
8 we 9 calculated
9 calculated 11 percentage
10 the 11 percentage
11 percentage 12 of
11 percentage 17 <
12 of 13 those
13 those 14 with
14 with 16 expectancies
15 life 16 expectancies
17 < 19 years
18 10 19 years

results : among the 57,597 medicare beneficiaries 66 years old or [older] who received at [least] 1 screening colonoscopy , 24.8 % had an estimated life expectancy of < 10 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 among
2 : 14 received
3 among 11 or
4 the 5 57,597
5 57,597 7 beneficiaries
6 medicare 7 beneficiaries
7 beneficiaries 10 old
7 beneficiaries 11 or
8 66 9 years
9 years 10 old
11 or 13 who
14 received 15 at
14 received 19 colonoscopy
15 at 18 screening
17 1 18 screening
20 , 22 %
20 , 23 had
21 24.8 22 %
22 % 23 had
23 had 27 expectancy
24 an 27 expectancy
25 estimated 26 life
26 life 27 expectancy
27 expectancy 28 of
28 of 31 years
29 < 30 10
30 10 31 years

in a multivariable analysis , men were substantially more likely than women to have limited life expectancy at the time of screening colonoscopy ( odds [ratio] , 2.25 ; 95 % confidence interval , 2.16 - 2.34 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 )(
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 men
2 a 3 multivariable
2 a 4 analysis
3 multivariable 4 analysis
6 men 7 were
7 were 8 substantially
7 were 10 likely
9 more 10 likely
10 likely 11 than
10 likely 13 to
10 likely 15 limited
11 than 12 women
13 to 14 have
14 have 15 limited
15 limited 17 expectancy
15 limited 18 at
16 life 17 expectancy
18 at 20 time
19 the 20 time
20 time 21 of
20 time 25 odds
21 of 22 screening
22 screening 23 colonoscopy
24 ( 25 odds
25 odds 28 2.25
25 odds 29 ;
27 , 28 2.25
28 2.25 29 ;
29 ; 33 interval
29 ; 34 ,
30 95 31 %
31 % 32 confidence
32 confidence 33 interval
34 , 35 2.16
34 , 36 -
35 2.16 36 -
36 - 37 2.34

conclusions : nearly 25 % of medicare beneficiaries , especially men , had life expectancies [<] 10 years at the time of screening colonoscopies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 nearly
2 : 5 %
4 25 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 7 medicare
7 medicare 8 beneficiaries
7 medicare 23 screening
8 beneficiaries 11 men
8 beneficiaries 13 had
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 men
11 men 12 ,
13 had 18 years
13 had 19 at
14 life 18 years
15 expectancies 18 years
17 10 18 years
19 at 21 time
20 the 21 time
21 time 22 of
22 of 23 screening
23 screening 24 colonoscopies

life expectancy should therefore be incorporated in decision [-] making for preventive services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expectancy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 incorporated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 life 2 expectancy
2 expectancy 3 should
3 should 5 be
4 therefore 5 be
5 be 6 incorporated
6 incorporated 7 in
7 in 10 making
8 decision 10 making
10 making 11 for
11 for 13 services
12 preventive 13 services

ethnopharmacological relevance : baicalin is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from the dried root of scutellaria baicalensis georgi that has long been used to treat [ischemic] stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 ethnopharmacological 2 relevance
3 : 4 baicalin
3 : 5 is
4 baicalin 5 is
5 is 6 one
6 one 7 of
6 one 11 isolated
7 of 10 flavonoids
8 the 10 flavonoids
9 principal 10 flavonoids
11 isolated 12 from
12 from 15 root
13 the 15 root
14 dried 15 root
15 root 16 of
15 root 18 baicalensis
15 root 28 stroke
16 of 17 scutellaria
18 baicalensis 19 georgi
18 baicalensis 26 treat
18 baicalensis 28 stroke
19 georgi 20 that
19 georgi 23 been
19 georgi 24 used
20 that 21 has
21 has 23 been
22 long 23 been
24 used 25 to
24 used 26 treat
25 to 26 treat

however , its neuroprotective mechanisms against cerebral ischemia injury are poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 mechanisms
3 its 5 mechanisms
4 neuroprotective 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 against
5 mechanisms 10 are
6 against 9 injury
7 cerebral 9 injury
8 ischemia 9 injury
10 are 12 understood
11 poorly 12 understood

aim of the study : to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of baicalin against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 aim 2 of
2 of 3 the
3 the 4 study
5 : 6 to
5 : 7 explore
5 : 18 .
6 to 7 explore
7 explore 10 mechanisms
7 explore 13 against
8 the 10 mechanisms
9 neuroprotective 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 of
11 of 12 baicalin
13 against 17 injury
14 cerebral 15 ischemia
15 ischemia 17 injury
16 reperfusion 17 injury

material and methods : in chemical systems , we conducted electron paramagnetic resonance ( epr ) spin trapping experiments to evaluate the scavenging effects of baicalin on superoxide and nitric oxide , and mass spectrometry [(] [ms] ) studies on the reaction of baicalin and peroxynitrite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 systems
4 : 8 ,
4 : 33 and
5 in 6 chemical
6 chemical 7 systems
8 , 9 we
8 , 19 experiments
9 we 10 conducted
10 conducted 13 resonance
11 electron 13 resonance
12 paramagnetic 13 resonance
13 resonance 15 epr
14 ( 15 epr
15 epr 16 )
17 spin 18 trapping
18 trapping 19 experiments
19 experiments 20 to
20 to 33 and
21 evaluate 29 and
21 evaluate 33 and
22 the 29 and
23 scavenging 24 effects
24 effects 25 of
24 effects 29 and
25 of 26 baicalin
26 baicalin 27 on
27 on 28 superoxide
29 and 31 oxide
30 nitric 31 oxide
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 mass
33 and 40 on
34 mass 39 studies
35 spectrometry 38 )
35 spectrometry 39 studies
40 on 42 reaction
41 the 42 reaction
42 reaction 43 of
43 of 45 and
44 baicalin 45 and
45 and 46 peroxynitrite

in cellular experiments , we investigated the effects of baicalin against extraneous and endogenous peroxynitrite mediated neurotoxicity in sh - sy5y cells treated with peroxynitrite [donor] , synthesized peroxynitrite and exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation ( ogd/ro ) in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 exposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 3 experiments
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 cellular 3 experiments
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 effects
6 investigated 11 against
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 10 baicalin
11 against 15 peroxynitrite
12 extraneous 13 and
13 and 14 endogenous
13 and 15 peroxynitrite
15 peroxynitrite 16 mediated
15 peroxynitrite 17 neurotoxicity
15 peroxynitrite 31 exposed
17 neurotoxicity 18 in
17 neurotoxicity 30 and
18 in 19 sh
19 sh 22 cells
20 - 22 cells
21 sy5y 22 cells
22 cells 23 treated
22 cells 24 with
22 cells 27 ,
24 with 25 peroxynitrite
28 synthesized 29 peroxynitrite
28 synthesized 30 and
30 and 31 exposed
31 exposed 32 to
31 exposed 42 vitro
32 to 36 and
33 oxygen 35 deprivation
34 glucose 35 deprivation
35 deprivation 36 and
36 and 37 reoxygenation
36 and 39 ogd/ro
38 ( 39 ogd/ro
39 ogd/ro 40 )
41 in 42 vitro

moreover , we studied the neuroprotective effects of baicalin by using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 7 effects
4 studied 10 by
5 the 7 effects
6 neuroprotective 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 9 baicalin
10 by 11 using
11 using 14 model
11 using 21 vivo
12 a 14 model
13 rat 14 model
14 model 15 of
15 of 19 occlusion
16 middle 19 occlusion
17 cerebral 18 artery
18 artery 19 occlusion
20 in 21 vivo

fetmpyp , a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst , was used as positive control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fetmpyp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 fetmpyp 6 catalyst
1 fetmpyp 8 was
2 , 6 catalyst
3 a 4 peroxynitrite
3 a 6 catalyst
4 peroxynitrite 5 decomposition
5 decomposition 6 catalyst
6 catalyst 7 ,
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 as
10 as 12 control
11 positive 12 control

cell viability and apoptotic cell death was accessed by mtt [assay] and tunel assay respectively ; 3 - nitrotyrosine formation and infarction volume were detected by immunostaining experiments and ttc staining respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 cell 2 viability
2 viability 3 and
3 and 5 cell
3 and 6 death
3 and 7 was
3 and 8 accessed
4 apoptotic 5 cell
6 death 7 was
8 accessed 9 by
8 accessed 15 respectively
9 by 12 and
10 mtt 12 and
12 and 14 assay
13 tunel 14 assay
16 ; 17 3
16 ; 18 -
17 3 18 -
18 - 29 and
19 nitrotyrosine 20 formation
20 formation 21 and
21 and 22 infarction
21 and 23 volume
21 and 27 immunostaining
21 and 29 and
23 volume 24 were
24 were 25 detected
25 detected 26 by
26 by 27 immunostaining
27 immunostaining 28 experiments
29 and 30 ttc
30 ttc 31 staining
31 staining 32 respectively

results : baicalin revealed strong antioxidant ability by directly scavenging superoxide and reacting with peroxynitrite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 baicalin
2 : 4 revealed
3 baicalin 4 revealed
4 revealed 7 ability
5 strong 7 ability
6 antioxidant 7 ability
7 ability 8 by
8 by 12 and
9 directly 10 scavenging
10 scavenging 11 superoxide
11 superoxide 12 and
12 and 13 reacting
12 and 14 with
14 with 15 peroxynitrite

baicalin protected the neuronal cells from extraneous and endogenous peroxynitrite - induced neurotoxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 baicalin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 baicalin 2 protected
2 protected 5 cells
3 the 5 cells
4 neuronal 5 cells
5 cells 6 from
6 from 13 neurotoxicity
7 extraneous 8 and
8 and 9 endogenous
8 and 13 neurotoxicity
10 peroxynitrite 11 -
10 peroxynitrite 13 neurotoxicity
12 induced 13 neurotoxicity

in ischemia - reperfused brains , baicalin inhibited the formation of 3 - nitrotyrosine , reduced infarct size and attenuated apoptotic cell death , whose effects were similar to fetmpyp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 infarct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 7 baicalin
1 in 17 infarct
2 ischemia 5 brains
2 ischemia 6 ,
2 ischemia 7 baicalin
3 - 5 brains
4 reperfused 5 brains
5 brains 6 ,
7 baicalin 8 inhibited
7 baicalin 10 formation
7 baicalin 16 reduced
9 the 10 formation
10 formation 11 of
10 formation 14 nitrotyrosine
10 formation 16 reduced
11 of 12 3
13 - 14 nitrotyrosine
14 nitrotyrosine 15 ,
17 infarct 19 and
18 size 19 and
19 and 23 death
20 attenuated 22 cell
21 apoptotic 22 cell
22 cell 23 death
24 , 25 whose
24 , 27 were
25 whose 26 effects
26 effects 27 were
27 were 28 similar
28 similar 29 to
29 to 30 fetmpyp

conclusions : baicalin can directly scavenge peroxynitrite and the peroxynitrite - scavenging ability contributes to its neuroprotective mechanisms against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 baicalin
2 : 6 scavenge
2 : 11 -
3 baicalin 4 can
4 can 6 scavenge
5 directly 6 scavenge
6 scavenge 8 and
7 peroxynitrite 8 and
8 and 10 peroxynitrite
9 the 10 peroxynitrite
11 - 13 ability
11 - 14 contributes
12 scavenging 13 ability
13 ability 14 contributes
14 contributes 15 to
14 contributes 19 against
15 to 18 mechanisms
16 its 18 mechanisms
17 neuroprotective 18 mechanisms
19 against 23 injury
20 cerebral 21 ischemia
21 ischemia 23 injury
22 reperfusion 23 injury

behavioral , cognitive , and motivational development entails co - constructive interactions between the environmental and social influences from the developmental context , on the one hand , and the individual 's neurobiological inheritance , on the other hand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 entails
1 behavioral 2 ,
1 behavioral 7 development
3 cognitive 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 motivational
5 and 7 development
7 development 8 entails
8 entails 12 interactions
8 entails 13 between
8 entails 19 from
9 co 10 -
9 co 12 interactions
11 constructive 12 interactions
13 between 18 influences
14 the 18 influences
15 environmental 16 and
16 and 17 social
16 and 18 influences
19 from 22 context
20 the 22 context
21 developmental 22 context
22 context 24 on
22 context 36 on
23 , 24 on
24 on 29 and
24 on 35 ,
25 the 26 one
26 one 27 hand
27 hand 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 34 inheritance
29 and 35 ,
30 the 31 individual
31 individual 32 's
32 's 34 inheritance
33 neurobiological 34 inheritance
35 , 36 on
36 on 39 hand
36 on 40 .
37 the 38 other
38 other 39 hand

key brain networks underlying cognition , emotion , and motivation are innervated by major transmitter systems ( e.g [.] , the catecholamines and acetylcholine ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 key
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 key 3 networks
2 brain 3 networks
3 networks 4 underlying
4 underlying 5 cognition
6 , 9 and
6 , 12 innervated
7 emotion 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 motivation
9 and 11 are
11 are 12 innervated
12 innervated 13 by
13 by 16 systems
14 major 16 systems
15 transmitter 16 systems
16 systems 23 and
17 ( 23 and
18 e.g 20 ,
20 , 22 catecholamines
20 , 23 and
21 the 22 catecholamines
23 and 24 acetylcholine
23 and 25 )

thus , the maturation and senescence of neurotransmitter systems have direct implications for lifespan development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 and
3 the 4 maturation
4 maturation 5 and
5 and 6 senescence
5 and 7 of
5 and 10 have
7 of 9 systems
8 neurotransmitter 9 systems
10 have 12 implications
11 direct 12 implications
12 implications 13 for
13 for 15 development
14 lifespan 15 development

in addition to reviewing evidence on life age differences in dopaminergic modulation and cognitive development , this brief review selectively highlights recent findings on how important influences from the developmental context , such as reward - mediated motivational processes , transgenerational stress transmission , psychosocial stress , and cognitive interventions [,] may [,] [in] part , exert their effects on brain and behavioral development through their effects on neuromodulatory mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evidence
1 in 2 addition
1 in 5 evidence
2 addition 3 to
3 to 4 reviewing
5 evidence 6 on
5 evidence 9 differences
6 on 8 age
7 life 8 age
9 differences 10 in
9 differences 19 review
9 differences 21 highlights
10 in 13 and
11 dopaminergic 12 modulation
12 modulation 13 and
13 and 15 development
13 and 16 ,
14 cognitive 15 development
17 this 18 brief
18 brief 19 review
19 review 21 highlights
20 selectively 21 highlights
21 highlights 23 findings
21 highlights 24 on
22 recent 23 findings
24 on 25 how
25 how 27 influences
25 how 37 mediated
26 important 27 influences
27 influences 28 from
27 influences 34 as
27 influences 37 mediated
28 from 31 context
29 the 31 context
30 developmental 31 context
32 , 34 as
33 such 34 as
34 as 35 reward
34 as 36 -
37 mediated 48 and
38 motivational 39 processes
39 processes 40 ,
40 , 43 transmission
40 , 44 ,
41 transgenerational 42 stress
42 stress 43 transmission
44 , 46 stress
44 , 48 and
45 psychosocial 46 stress
47 , 48 and
48 and 49 cognitive
48 and 50 interventions
48 and 57 exert
50 interventions 52 may
52 may 56 ,
55 part 56 ,
56 , 57 exert
57 exert 59 effects
57 exert 60 on
58 their 59 effects
60 on 62 and
61 brain 62 and
62 and 64 development
62 and 71 .
63 behavioral 64 development
64 development 65 through
64 development 68 on
65 through 67 effects
66 their 67 effects
68 on 70 mechanisms
69 neuromodulatory 70 mechanisms

objective : to identify the neuromuscular attributes that are associated with self [-] reported mobility status among older primary care patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 7 attributes
4 identify 11 with
5 the 7 attributes
6 neuromuscular 7 attributes
7 attributes 8 that
7 attributes 9 are
8 that 9 are
9 are 10 associated
11 with 16 status
12 self 14 reported
14 reported 16 status
15 mobility 16 status
16 status 17 among
17 among 21 patients
18 older 20 care
19 primary 20 care
20 care 21 patients

design : cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 cohort 4 study

setting : metropolitan - based health care system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
2 : 8 system
3 metropolitan 4 -
3 metropolitan 6 health
5 based 6 health
6 health 8 system
7 care 8 system

participants : community - dwelling primary care patients aged ≥65 years ( n=430 ) , with [self] - reported modification of mobility tasks resulting from underlying health conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 community
2 : 16 with
3 community 11 years
4 - 11 years
5 dwelling 7 care
6 primary 7 care
7 care 11 years
8 patients 11 years
9 aged 10 ≥65
10 ≥65 11 years
11 years 13 n=430
11 years 15 ,
12 ( 13 n=430
13 n=430 14 )
16 with 24 resulting
18 - 19 reported
19 reported 20 modification
19 reported 24 resulting
20 modification 21 of
21 of 23 tasks
22 mobility 23 tasks
24 resulting 25 from
25 from 26 underlying
26 underlying 28 conditions
27 health 28 conditions

interventions : not applicable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 interventions 2 :
2 : 3 not
2 : 4 applicable

main outcome measures : basic and advanced [lower] extremity function as measured by the late life function and disability instrument . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 10 function
5 basic 6 and
6 and 7 advanced
7 advanced 9 extremity
9 extremity 10 function
10 function 12 measured
11 as 12 measured
12 measured 13 by
13 by 18 and
14 the 17 function
15 late 16 life
16 life 17 function
17 function 18 and
18 and 20 instrument
19 disability 20 instrument

results : we constructed multivariable linear regression models evaluating both outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 constructed
2 : 12 .
3 we 4 constructed
4 constructed 8 models
5 multivariable 7 regression
6 linear 7 regression
7 regression 8 models
8 models 9 evaluating
9 evaluating 11 outcomes
10 both 11 outcomes

for basic [lower] extremity function , leg strength , leg velocity , trunk extensor muscle endurance , and ankle range of motion ( rom ) were statistically significant predictors ( p<.001 , [r] ( 2 )=.21 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 for 4 extremity
1 for 18 and
2 basic 4 extremity
5 function 8 strength
5 function 18 and
6 , 8 strength
7 leg 8 strength
8 strength 11 velocity
8 strength 17 ,
9 , 11 velocity
10 leg 11 velocity
11 velocity 16 endurance
11 velocity 17 ,
12 , 16 endurance
13 trunk 14 extensor
14 extensor 16 endurance
15 muscle 16 endurance
16 endurance 17 ,
18 and 20 range
18 and 21 of
18 and 26 were
19 ankle 20 range
21 of 22 motion
22 motion 24 rom
23 ( 24 rom
24 rom 25 )
26 were 27 statistically
26 were 29 predictors
28 significant 29 predictors
29 predictors 31 p<.001
29 predictors 36 )=.21
30 ( 31 p<.001
31 p<.001 32 ,
34 ( 36 )=.21
35 2 36 )=.21
36 )=.21 37 )

for advanced [lower] extremity function , leg strength , leg strength asymmetry , leg velocity , trunk extensor muscle endurance , and knee flexion rom were statistically significant predictors ( p<.001 , [r] ( 2 )=.39 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 for 5 function
1 for 6 ,
1 for 22 and
2 advanced 4 extremity
4 extremity 5 function
7 leg 8 strength
8 strength 9 ,
9 , 12 asymmetry
9 , 13 ,
10 leg 11 strength
11 strength 12 asymmetry
13 , 15 velocity
13 , 16 ,
14 leg 15 velocity
16 , 20 endurance
16 , 22 and
17 trunk 18 extensor
18 extensor 20 endurance
19 muscle 20 endurance
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 rom
22 and 26 were
23 knee 24 flexion
24 flexion 25 rom
26 were 27 statistically
26 were 29 predictors
28 significant 29 predictors
29 predictors 31 p<.001
29 predictors 36 )=.39
30 ( 31 p<.001
31 p<.001 32 ,
34 ( 36 )=.39
35 2 36 )=.39
36 )=.39 37 )

sensitivity analyses conducted using multiple imputations to account for missing data confirmed these findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 sensitivity 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 conducted
2 analyses 9 for
2 analyses 12 confirmed
3 conducted 4 using
3 conducted 7 to
4 using 6 imputations
5 multiple 6 imputations
7 to 8 account
9 for 10 missing
10 missing 11 data
12 confirmed 14 findings
13 these 14 findings

conclusions : this analysis highlights the relevance and importance of 5 categories of neuromuscular attributes : strength , speed of movement , rom , asymmetry , and trunk stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 analysis
2 : 5 highlights
2 : 8 and
2 : 22 ,
3 this 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 highlights
5 highlights 7 relevance
6 the 7 relevance
8 and 9 importance
8 and 16 :
9 importance 10 of
9 importance 16 :
10 of 12 categories
11 5 12 categories
12 categories 13 of
13 of 15 attributes
14 neuromuscular 15 attributes
16 : 17 strength
17 strength 19 speed
18 , 19 speed
19 speed 20 of
19 speed 22 ,
20 of 21 movement
22 , 27 and
23 rom 25 asymmetry
23 rom 27 and
24 , 25 asymmetry
25 asymmetry 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 stability
28 trunk 29 stability

it identifies novel attributes ( leg velocity and trunk extensor muscle endurance ) relevant to mobility and highlights that impairment profiles vary by the level of mobility assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identifies
1 it 2 identifies
2 identifies 4 attributes
3 novel 4 attributes
4 attributes 8 and
5 ( 8 and
6 leg 7 velocity
7 velocity 8 and
8 and 12 endurance
8 and 13 )
8 and 14 relevant
8 and 19 that
8 and 22 vary
8 and 29 .
9 trunk 12 endurance
10 extensor 12 endurance
11 muscle 12 endurance
14 relevant 15 to
15 to 17 and
16 mobility 17 and
17 and 18 highlights
19 that 21 profiles
19 that 22 vary
20 impairment 21 profiles
21 profiles 22 vary
22 vary 23 by
23 by 25 level
24 the 25 level
25 level 26 of
26 of 27 mobility
27 mobility 28 assessed

these findings will inform the design of more thorough and potentially more effective disability prevention strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 will
3 will 4 inform
4 inform 6 design
5 the 6 design
6 design 7 of
7 of 16 strategies
8 more 16 strategies
9 thorough 10 and
10 and 11 potentially
10 and 12 more
10 and 14 disability
13 effective 14 disability
14 disability 16 strategies
15 prevention 16 strategies

mutations in ubqln2 have been shown to be a cause of dominant [x] - linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 4 have
2 in 3 ubqln2
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 10 cause
9 a 10 cause
10 cause 11 of
11 of 18 sclerosis
12 dominant 14 -
12 dominant 18 sclerosis
15 linked 18 sclerosis
16 amyotrophic 18 sclerosis
17 lateral 18 sclerosis
18 sclerosis 20 als
19 ( 20 als
20 als 21 )

occurrences of mutations in this gene vary across als populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 occurrences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 occurrences 2 of
1 occurrences 7 vary
2 of 3 mutations
3 mutations 4 in
4 in 6 gene
5 this 6 gene
7 vary 8 across
8 across 10 populations
9 als 10 populations

we screened ubqln2 for mutations in a final cohort of 150 irish als patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 screened
2 screened 3 ubqln2
2 screened 6 in
3 ubqln2 4 for
4 for 5 mutations
6 in 9 cohort
7 a 8 final
7 a 9 cohort
8 final 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 of
10 of 14 patients
11 150 14 patients
12 irish 13 als
13 als 14 patients

individuals who were from families with male - [to] [-] male transmission or who carried pathogenic hexanucleotide repeat expansions in c9orf72 were excluded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 excluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 individuals 2 who
1 individuals 3 were
1 individuals 22 were
2 who 3 were
3 were 4 from
3 were 6 with
4 from 5 families
6 with 13 or
6 with 19 expansions
7 male 8 -
7 male 12 transmission
11 male 12 transmission
12 transmission 13 or
13 or 14 who
13 or 15 carried
16 pathogenic 19 expansions
17 hexanucleotide 19 expansions
18 repeat 19 expansions
19 expansions 20 in
20 in 21 c9orf72
22 were 23 excluded

apart from common synonymous variation , no sequence variants in ubqln2 were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 apart 2 from
2 from 5 variation
2 from 6 ,
2 from 9 variants
3 common 5 variation
4 synonymous 5 variation
7 no 9 variants
8 sequence 9 variants
9 variants 10 in
9 variants 12 were
10 in 11 ubqln2
12 were 13 observed

mutations in ubqln2 are therefore not a frequent cause of als in the irish population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 4 are
2 in 3 ubqln2
4 are 5 therefore
4 are 6 not
4 are 9 cause
7 a 8 frequent
7 a 9 cause
8 frequent 9 cause
9 cause 10 of
10 of 11 als
11 als 12 in
12 in 15 population
13 the 15 population
14 irish 15 population

the plk1 - interacting checkpoint helicase ( pich ) protein localizes to ultrafine anaphase bridges ( ufbs ) in mitosis alongside a complex of dna repair proteins , including the bloom 's syndrome protein ( blm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plk1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 plk1
3 - 10 protein
3 - 11 localizes
4 interacting 6 helicase
4 interacting 9 )
4 interacting 10 protein
5 checkpoint 6 helicase
6 helicase 8 pich
7 ( 8 pich
8 pich 9 )
10 protein 11 localizes
11 localizes 12 to
11 localizes 19 in
12 to 15 bridges
13 ultrafine 14 anaphase
14 anaphase 15 bridges
15 bridges 17 ufbs
16 ( 17 ufbs
17 ufbs 18 )
19 in 20 mitosis
20 mitosis 21 alongside
20 mitosis 24 of
21 alongside 23 complex
22 a 23 complex
24 of 27 proteins
25 dna 26 repair
26 repair 27 proteins
27 proteins 29 including
28 , 29 including
29 including 34 protein
29 including 37 )
30 the 31 bloom
31 bloom 32 's
32 's 34 protein
33 syndrome 34 protein
34 protein 36 blm
35 ( 36 blm
36 blm 37 )

however , very little is known about the function of pich or how it is recruited to ufbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 little
3 very 4 little
4 little 5 is
5 is 6 known
6 known 7 about
7 about 9 function
8 the 9 function
9 function 10 of
10 of 12 or
11 pich 12 or
12 or 13 how
12 or 14 it
12 or 15 is
12 or 16 recruited
14 it 15 is
16 recruited 17 to
17 to 18 ufbs

using a combination of microfluidics , fluorescence microscopy , and optical tweezers , we have defined the properties of pich in an in [vitro] [model] of an anaphase bridge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 using 3 combination
1 using 13 ,
1 using 14 we
2 a 3 combination
3 combination 4 of
3 combination 10 and
4 of 5 microfluidics
6 , 10 and
7 fluorescence 8 microscopy
8 microscopy 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 tweezers
10 and 13 ,
11 optical 12 tweezers
14 we 15 have
15 have 16 defined
16 defined 18 properties
16 defined 21 in
17 the 18 properties
18 properties 19 of
19 of 20 pich
21 in 23 in
22 an 23 in
23 in 26 of
26 of 29 bridge
27 an 29 bridge
28 anaphase 29 bridge

we show that pich binds with a remarkably high affinity to duplex dna , resulting in atp - dependent protein translocation and extension of the dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 4 pich
3 that 5 binds
4 pich 5 binds
5 binds 6 with
5 binds 11 to
5 binds 15 resulting
6 with 10 affinity
7 a 10 affinity
8 remarkably 9 high
9 high 10 affinity
11 to 12 duplex
12 duplex 13 dna
14 , 15 resulting
15 resulting 16 in
15 resulting 18 -
16 in 17 atp
18 - 22 and
19 dependent 20 protein
20 protein 21 translocation
21 translocation 22 and
22 and 23 extension
22 and 24 of
24 of 26 dna
25 the 26 dna

most strikingly , the affinity of pich for binding dna increases with tension - induced dna stretching , which mimics the effect of the mitotic spindle on a ufb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affinity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 most 2 strikingly
2 strikingly 3 ,
2 strikingly 5 affinity
4 the 5 affinity
5 affinity 6 of
5 affinity 11 increases
6 of 7 pich
7 pich 8 for
8 for 9 binding
9 binding 10 dna
11 increases 12 with
12 with 13 tension
13 tension 17 stretching
14 - 17 stretching
15 induced 16 dna
16 dna 17 stretching
18 , 19 which
18 , 20 mimics
19 which 20 mimics
20 mimics 22 effect
21 the 22 effect
22 effect 23 of
23 of 26 spindle
24 the 26 spindle
25 mitotic 26 spindle
26 spindle 27 on
27 on 29 ufb
28 a 29 ufb

pich binding also appears to diminish force - induced dna melting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pich
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 pich 2 binding
1 pich 4 appears
3 also 4 appears
4 appears 5 to
4 appears 6 diminish
5 to 6 diminish
6 diminish 7 force
7 force 11 melting
8 - 11 melting
9 induced 10 dna
10 dna 11 melting

we propose a model in which pich recognizes and stabilizes dna under tension during anaphase , thereby facilitating the resolution of entangled sister chromatids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 4 model
3 a 4 model
4 model 5 in
5 in 6 which
5 in 7 pich
5 in 9 and
7 pich 9 and
8 recognizes 9 and
9 and 10 stabilizes
9 and 11 dna
11 dna 12 under
11 dna 14 during
12 under 13 tension
14 during 15 anaphase
16 , 18 facilitating
16 , 24 chromatids
17 thereby 18 facilitating
18 facilitating 20 resolution
18 facilitating 24 chromatids
19 the 20 resolution
20 resolution 21 of
21 of 23 sister
22 entangled 23 sister

objectives : growing evidence shows several possible relations between religiousness and late - life depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 growing
2 : 5 shows
2 : 16 .
3 growing 4 evidence
3 growing 5 shows
5 shows 8 relations
5 shows 11 and
6 several 8 relations
7 possible 8 relations
8 relations 9 between
9 between 10 religiousness
11 and 14 life
11 and 15 depression
12 late 13 -
12 late 14 life

emotional aspects of religiousness such as facets of the perceived relationship with god can be crucial in this connection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 emotional 2 aspects
2 aspects 3 of
2 aspects 14 can
3 of 4 religiousness
4 religiousness 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 7 facets
7 facets 8 of
8 of 11 relationship
9 the 11 relationship
10 perceived 11 relationship
11 relationship 12 with
12 with 13 god
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 crucial
16 crucial 17 in
17 in 19 connection
18 this 19 connection

the aim of the current study was to examine the association between the course of late - life depression and feelings about god and religious coping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 current 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 11 association
9 examine 12 between
9 examine 22 about
10 the 11 association
12 between 14 course
13 the 14 course
14 course 15 of
15 of 20 and
16 late 17 -
16 late 18 life
18 life 19 depression
19 depression 20 and
20 and 21 feelings
22 about 24 and
23 god 24 and
24 and 25 religious
24 and 26 coping

design : longitudinal survey study ; [naturalistic] [;] 12 - [year] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 longitudinal 4 survey
4 survey 5 study
6 ; 9 12
6 ; 10 -
9 12 10 -
10 - 12 follow
12 follow 14 up
13 - 14 up
14 up 15 .

setting : longitudinal aging study amsterdam [;] population - based , in three regions in the netherlands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 8 population
2 : 10 based
2 : 12 in
2 : 15 in
3 longitudinal 4 aging
4 aging 5 study
5 study 6 amsterdam
6 amsterdam 8 population
9 - 10 based
10 based 11 ,
12 in 14 regions
13 three 14 regions
15 in 17 netherlands
16 the 17 netherlands

participants : a subsample of 343 respondents ( mean age [:] 77.2 years ) , including all respondents with high levels of depressive symptoms at any measurement cycle between 1992 and 2003 ( assessed by using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale and the diagnostic interview schedule ) and a random sample of nondepressed respondents who completed a postal questionnaire in 2005 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 participants 2 :
2 : 4 subsample
2 : 16 including
3 a 4 subsample
4 subsample 5 of
5 of 7 respondents
6 343 7 respondents
7 respondents 13 years
8 ( 13 years
9 mean 10 age
10 age 13 years
12 77.2 13 years
13 years 14 )
15 , 16 including
16 including 50 and
16 including 64 .
17 all 18 respondents
18 respondents 19 with
18 respondents 50 and
19 with 21 levels
20 high 21 levels
21 levels 22 of
21 levels 25 at
22 of 24 symptoms
23 depressive 24 symptoms
25 at 28 cycle
26 any 28 cycle
27 measurement 28 cycle
28 cycle 29 between
29 between 31 and
30 1992 31 and
31 and 32 2003
31 and 34 assessed
33 ( 34 assessed
34 assessed 35 by
34 assessed 39 for
34 assessed 49 )
35 by 36 using
36 using 38 center
37 the 38 center
39 for 44 and
40 epidemiologic 41 studies
41 studies 42 depression
42 depression 43 scale
43 scale 44 and
44 and 48 schedule
45 the 48 schedule
46 diagnostic 47 interview
47 interview 48 schedule
50 and 53 sample
51 a 52 random
51 a 53 sample
52 random 53 sample
53 sample 54 of
54 of 56 respondents
55 nondepressed 56 respondents
56 respondents 57 who
56 respondents 58 completed
57 who 58 completed
58 completed 61 questionnaire
58 completed 62 in
59 a 61 questionnaire
60 postal 61 questionnaire
62 in 63 2005

measurements : scales on god image and religious coping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 scales
3 scales 4 on
4 on 7 and
5 god 6 image
6 image 7 and
7 and 9 coping
8 religious 9 coping

twelve - year depression course trajectories serve as predicting variables and [are] specified according to recency and seriousness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twelve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 - 6 trajectories
2 - 11 and
3 year 6 trajectories
4 depression 6 trajectories
5 course 6 trajectories
6 trajectories 11 and
7 serve 8 as
7 serve 11 and
8 as 10 variables
9 predicting 10 variables
11 and 13 specified
11 and 15 to
14 according 15 to
15 to 17 and
16 recency 17 and
17 and 18 seriousness

results : persistent and emergent depression are significantly associated with fear of god , feeling wronged by god , and negative religious coping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 9 associated
3 persistent 4 and
4 and 6 depression
4 and 7 are
5 emergent 6 depression
7 are 9 associated
8 significantly 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 23 coping
10 with 11 fear
10 with 22 religious
11 fear 12 of
12 of 20 and
13 god 15 feeling
13 god 20 and
14 , 15 feeling
15 feeling 16 wronged
15 feeling 19 ,
16 wronged 18 god
17 by 18 god
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 negative

in terms of negative religious coping , significant associations were observed after adjustment for concurrent depression with a history of repeated minor depression and previous major depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 terms
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 associations
2 terms 3 of
3 of 6 coping
4 negative 6 coping
5 religious 6 coping
8 significant 9 associations
9 associations 10 were
10 were 11 observed
11 observed 12 after
11 observed 14 for
11 observed 17 with
12 after 13 adjustment
14 for 16 depression
15 concurrent 16 depression
17 with 24 and
18 a 19 history
19 history 20 of
19 history 24 and
20 of 23 depression
21 repeated 23 depression
22 minor 23 depression
24 and 27 depression
25 previous 27 depression
26 major 27 depression

conclusions : late - life depression seems to maintain a pervasive relationship over time with affective aspects of religiousness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 6 depression
2 : 7 seems
3 late 4 -
3 late 5 life
5 life 6 depression
6 depression 7 seems
7 seems 8 to
7 seems 9 maintain
8 to 9 maintain
9 maintain 12 relationship
9 maintain 13 over
9 maintain 15 with
10 a 12 relationship
11 pervasive 12 relationship
13 over 14 time
15 with 17 aspects
16 affective 17 aspects
17 aspects 18 of
18 of 19 religiousness

religious feelings may parallel the symptoms of anhedonia or a dysphoric mood and could represent the experience of an existential void . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 feelings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 religious 2 feelings
2 feelings 3 may
3 may 13 and
4 parallel 6 symptoms
4 parallel 13 and
5 the 6 symptoms
6 symptoms 7 of
7 of 9 or
8 anhedonia 9 or
9 or 12 mood
10 a 11 dysphoric
10 a 12 mood
11 dysphoric 12 mood
13 and 14 could
14 could 15 represent
15 represent 17 experience
16 the 17 experience
17 experience 18 of
18 of 21 void
19 an 20 existential
19 an 21 void
20 existential 21 void

objectives : to examine alcohol consumption among older primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) ; its relationship to demographic variables , insomnia , worry , and anxiety [;] and its moderating role on the anxiety - insomnia relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 19 ;
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 consumption
4 examine 7 among
4 examine 12 with
5 alcohol 6 consumption
7 among 11 patients
8 older 11 patients
9 primary 10 care
10 care 11 patients
12 with 15 disorder
13 generalized 15 disorder
14 anxiety 15 disorder
15 disorder 17 gad
16 ( 17 gad
17 gad 18 )
19 ; 33 and
19 ; 40 -
20 its 21 relationship
21 relationship 22 to
21 relationship 25 ,
22 to 24 variables
23 demographic 24 variables
25 , 26 insomnia
25 , 27 ,
27 , 28 worry
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 anxiety
30 and 33 and
33 and 36 role
33 and 37 on
34 its 36 role
35 moderating 36 role
37 on 39 anxiety
38 the 39 anxiety
40 - 42 relationship
41 insomnia 42 relationship

we expected alcohol use to be similar to previous reports , correlate with higher anxiety and insomnia , and worsen the anxiety - insomnia relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 expected
2 expected 4 use
2 expected 5 to
2 expected 11 ,
3 alcohol 4 use
5 to 11 ,
6 be 7 similar
6 be 11 ,
7 similar 8 to
8 to 10 reports
9 previous 10 reports
11 , 19 and
12 correlate 13 with
12 correlate 19 and
13 with 16 and
14 higher 15 anxiety
15 anxiety 16 and
16 and 17 insomnia
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 worsen
20 worsen 22 anxiety
21 the 22 anxiety
23 - 25 relationship
24 insomnia 25 relationship

design : baseline data from a randomized controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 data
3 baseline 4 data
4 data 5 from
5 from 9 trial
6 a 9 trial
7 randomized 9 trial
8 controlled 9 trial

setting : michael [e] . debakey va medical center and baylor college of medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 michael
5 . 10 and
5 . 15 .
6 debakey 7 va
7 va 8 medical
8 medical 9 center
9 center 10 and
10 and 12 college
10 and 13 of
11 baylor 12 college
13 of 14 medicine

participants : 223 patients , 60 years and older , with gad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 participants 2 :
2 : 8 and
3 223 4 patients
4 patients 5 ,
5 , 7 years
5 , 8 and
6 60 7 years
8 and 9 older
9 older 11 with
10 , 11 with
11 with 12 gad
11 with 13 .

measurements : frequency of alcohol use , insomnia ( insomnia severity index ) , worry ( penn state worry questionnaire - abbreviated , generalized anxiety disorder severity scale ) , and anxiety ( state - trait anxiety inventory - trait subscale , structured interview guide for the hamilton anxiety rating scale [ sigh - a ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
2 : 31 and
3 frequency 4 of
3 frequency 31 and
4 of 6 use
5 alcohol 6 use
6 use 8 insomnia
7 , 8 insomnia
8 insomnia 12 index
8 insomnia 15 worry
8 insomnia 29 )
9 ( 12 index
10 insomnia 11 severity
11 severity 12 index
12 index 13 )
14 , 15 worry
15 worry 20 questionnaire
15 worry 28 scale
15 worry 29 )
16 ( 20 questionnaire
17 penn 18 state
18 state 19 worry
19 worry 20 questionnaire
20 questionnaire 22 abbreviated
20 questionnaire 23 ,
21 - 22 abbreviated
22 abbreviated 23 ,
23 , 28 scale
24 generalized 25 anxiety
25 anxiety 26 disorder
26 disorder 27 severity
27 severity 28 scale
28 scale 29 )
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 anxiety
31 and 34 state
31 and 41 subscale
33 ( 34 state
34 state 38 inventory
34 state 39 -
35 - 38 inventory
36 trait 37 anxiety
37 anxiety 38 inventory
38 inventory 39 -
39 - 41 subscale
40 trait 41 subscale
41 subscale 51 scale
41 subscale 57 )
42 , 51 scale
43 structured 44 interview
44 interview 45 guide
45 guide 46 for
45 guide 50 rating
46 for 49 anxiety
47 the 49 anxiety
48 hamilton 49 anxiety
50 rating 51 scale
51 scale 54 -
51 scale 56 ]
52 [ 54 -
53 sigh 54 -
54 - 55 a
54 - 56 ]

results : most patients endorsed alcohol use , but frequency was low . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 5 endorsed
2 : 9 but
2 : 13 .
3 most 4 patients
4 patients 5 endorsed
5 endorsed 7 use
6 alcohol 7 use
8 , 9 but
9 but 10 frequency
9 but 11 was
10 frequency 11 was
11 was 12 low

presence and frequency were greater than in previous reports of primary care samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 presence 2 and
2 and 3 frequency
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 greater
5 greater 6 than
6 than 7 in
7 in 9 reports
8 previous 9 reports
9 reports 10 of
10 of 13 samples
11 primary 12 care
12 care 13 samples

alcohol use was associated with higher education , female gender , less severe insomnia , and lower worry ( generalized anxiety disorder severity scale ) and anxiety ( state - trait anxiety inventory - trait subscale [;] sigh - a ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 alcohol 2 use
2 use 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 education
6 higher 7 education
7 education 10 gender
8 , 10 gender
9 female 10 gender
10 gender 26 and
10 gender 41 )
11 , 26 and
12 less 13 severe
13 severe 14 insomnia
14 insomnia 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 worry
16 and 24 scale
16 and 26 and
17 lower 18 worry
19 ( 24 scale
20 generalized 24 scale
21 anxiety 22 disorder
22 disorder 23 severity
23 severity 24 scale
24 scale 25 )
26 and 27 anxiety
26 and 29 state
26 and 33 inventory
26 and 41 )
28 ( 29 state
29 state 30 -
30 - 33 inventory
31 trait 32 anxiety
32 anxiety 33 inventory
33 inventory 39 -
33 inventory 41 )
34 - 39 -
35 trait 38 sigh
36 subscale 38 sigh
38 sigh 39 -
39 - 40 a
39 - 41 )

whites reported more drinks/week than african - americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 whites 2 reported
2 reported 4 drinks/week
2 reported 5 than
3 more 4 drinks/week
5 than 6 african
7 - 8 americans
7 - 9 .

more drinks/week were associated with higher education and lower anxiety ( sigh - a ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drinks/week
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 more 2 drinks/week
2 drinks/week 3 were
3 were 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 and
6 higher 7 education
7 education 8 and
8 and 10 anxiety
8 and 13 -
9 lower 10 anxiety
11 ( 13 -
12 sigh 13 -
13 - 14 a
13 - 15 )

weaker relationships between worry/anxiety and insomnia occurred for those drinking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 weaker 2 relationships
2 relationships 3 between
2 relationships 7 occurred
3 between 5 and
4 worry/anxiety 5 and
5 and 6 insomnia
7 occurred 8 for
8 for 9 those
9 those 10 drinking

drink frequency moderated the positive association between the penn state worry questionnaire - [abbreviated] and insomnia , which was lower with higher frequency of drinking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 moderated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 drink 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 moderated
3 moderated 6 association
3 moderated 7 between
4 the 6 association
5 positive 6 association
7 between 15 and
8 the 12 questionnaire
9 penn 10 state
10 state 11 worry
11 worry 12 questionnaire
12 questionnaire 15 and
13 - 15 and
15 and 16 insomnia
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 was
18 which 19 was
19 was 20 lower
20 lower 21 with
21 with 23 frequency
22 higher 23 frequency
23 frequency 24 of
24 of 25 drinking

conclusions : older adults with gad use alcohol at an increased rate , but mild [to] moderate drinkers do not experience sleep difficulties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 adults
2 : 14 but
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 14 but
5 with 6 gad
7 use 8 alcohol
7 use 14 but
8 alcohol 9 at
9 at 12 rate
10 an 12 rate
11 increased 12 rate
13 , 14 but
14 but 21 experience
15 mild 18 drinkers
17 moderate 18 drinkers
18 drinkers 19 do
19 do 20 not
19 do 21 experience
21 experience 23 difficulties
22 sleep 23 difficulties

a modest amount of alcohol may minimize the association between anxiety/worry and insomnia among this group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 amount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 minimize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 modest
1 a 3 amount
2 modest 3 amount
3 amount 4 of
3 amount 6 may
4 of 5 alcohol
6 may 7 minimize
7 minimize 9 association
7 minimize 10 between
7 minimize 14 among
8 the 9 association
10 between 12 and
11 anxiety/worry 12 and
12 and 13 insomnia
14 among 16 group
15 this 16 group

objective : to identify salient characteristics of frailty that increase risk of death in depressed elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
2 : 17 .
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 6 characteristics
5 salient 6 characteristics
6 characteristics 7 of
6 characteristics 9 that
6 characteristics 10 increase
7 of 8 frailty
9 that 10 increase
10 increase 11 risk
10 increase 14 in
11 risk 12 of
12 of 13 death
14 in 16 elders
15 depressed 16 elders

methods : data were from the nordic research on ageing study from research sites in denmark , sweden , and finland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 were
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 from
4 were 9 on
4 were 12 from
5 from 8 research
6 the 8 research
7 nordic 8 research
9 on 11 study
10 ageing 11 study
12 from 14 sites
13 research 14 sites
14 sites 15 in
15 in 20 and
16 denmark 17 ,
17 , 18 sweden
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 finland

participants were 1,027 adults aged 75 years ( 436 men and 591 women ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 4 adults
2 were 7 years
3 1,027 4 adults
4 adults 5 aged
5 aged 6 75
7 years 11 and
8 ( 11 and
9 436 10 men
10 men 11 and
11 and 13 women
11 and 14 )
12 591 13 women

time of death was obtained , providing a maximum survival time of 11.08 years ( initial evaluation [took] [place] between 1988 and 1991 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 time 2 of
1 time 4 was
2 of 3 death
4 was 5 obtained
5 obtained 7 providing
6 , 7 providing
7 providing 11 time
7 providing 24 )
8 a 9 maximum
8 a 11 time
9 maximum 10 survival
10 survival 11 time
11 time 12 of
12 of 14 years
13 11.08 14 years
14 years 17 evaluation
15 ( 17 evaluation
16 initial 17 evaluation
17 evaluation 22 and
17 evaluation 24 )
20 between 22 and
21 1988 22 and
22 and 23 1991

results : depressed elders showed greater baseline impairments in each frailty characteristic ( gait speed , grip strength , physical activity levels , and fatigue ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 depressed
3 depressed 4 elders
3 depressed 5 showed
4 elders 5 showed
5 showed 7 baseline
5 showed 8 impairments
5 showed 9 in
6 greater 7 baseline
9 in 18 strength
10 each 18 strength
11 frailty 18 strength
12 characteristic 15 speed
12 characteristic 17 grip
13 ( 15 speed
14 gait 15 speed
15 speed 16 ,
17 grip 18 strength
18 strength 24 and
19 , 24 and
20 physical 21 activity
21 activity 22 levels
22 levels 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 fatigue
24 and 26 )

in women , the effect [of] impaired gait speed on mortality rates nearly doubled when depression was present ( nondepressed women : no gait impairment = 26 % ; slow gait = 40 % [;] depressed women : no gait impairment = 32 % [;] slow gait = 58 % [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 )(
1 in 2 women
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 effect
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 7 impaired
7 impaired 9 speed
7 impaired 10 on
8 gait 9 speed
10 on 12 rates
11 mortality 12 rates
12 rates 14 doubled
12 rates 21 women
13 nearly 14 doubled
14 doubled 15 when
15 when 16 depression
15 when 17 was
16 depression 17 was
17 was 18 present
19 ( 21 women
20 nondepressed 21 women
21 women 22 :
22 : 25 impairment
22 : 26 =
22 : 29 ;
22 : 38 :
23 no 25 impairment
24 gait 25 impairment
25 impairment 26 =
26 = 28 %
27 26 28 %
29 ; 31 gait
30 slow 31 gait
32 = 33 40
33 40 34 %
33 40 38 :
34 % 36 depressed
36 depressed 37 women
38 : 47 gait
39 no 47 gait
40 gait 47 gait
41 impairment 47 gait
42 = 43 32
43 32 44 %
44 % 47 gait
46 slow 47 gait
47 gait 48 =
48 = 50 %
49 58 50 %

a similar pattern was observed for fatigue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 a 2 similar
1 a 3 pattern
2 similar 3 pattern
3 pattern 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 for
6 for 7 fatigue

conclusion : the confluence of specific characteristics of frailty ( fatigue and slow gait speed ) and depressive illness is associated with an increased risk of death in older adults ; this association is particularly strong in older depressed women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 4 confluence
2 : 21 associated
2 : 31 ;
3 the 4 confluence
4 confluence 5 of
4 confluence 20 is
5 of 17 and
6 specific 7 characteristics
7 characteristics 8 of
7 characteristics 17 and
8 of 9 frailty
9 frailty 12 and
10 ( 12 and
11 fatigue 12 and
12 and 15 speed
12 and 16 )
13 slow 15 speed
14 gait 15 speed
17 and 19 illness
18 depressive 19 illness
20 is 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 28 in
22 with 25 risk
23 an 25 risk
24 increased 25 risk
25 risk 26 of
26 of 27 death
28 in 30 adults
29 older 30 adults
31 ; 33 association
31 ; 34 is
32 this 33 association
33 association 34 is
34 is 36 strong
35 particularly 36 strong
36 strong 37 in
37 in 40 women
38 older 40 women
39 depressed 40 women

future research should investigate whether multimodal interventions targeting depressive illness , mobility deficits , and fatigue can decrease mortality and improve quality of life in older depressed individuals with characteristics of the syndrome of frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 investigate
4 investigate 5 whether
5 whether 15 and
5 whether 20 and
6 multimodal 7 interventions
7 interventions 8 targeting
7 interventions 11 ,
8 targeting 10 illness
9 depressive 10 illness
11 , 13 deficits
11 , 15 and
12 mobility 13 deficits
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 can
15 and 20 and
16 fatigue 17 can
18 decrease 19 mortality
18 decrease 20 and
20 and 21 improve
20 and 25 in
20 and 29 with
21 improve 22 quality
22 quality 23 of
23 of 24 life
25 in 28 individuals
26 older 28 individuals
27 depressed 28 individuals
29 with 30 characteristics
30 characteristics 31 of
31 of 33 syndrome
32 the 33 syndrome
33 syndrome 34 of
34 of 35 frailty

objective : to describe the frequency of bone marrow lesions ( bmls ) detected by magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , and to examine the association of bmls with knee pain severity in community residents in korea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 6 frequency
5 the 6 frequency
6 frequency 7 of
7 of 9 marrow
8 bone 9 marrow
9 marrow 10 lesions
9 marrow 25 examine
10 lesions 12 bmls
10 lesions 23 and
11 ( 12 bmls
12 bmls 13 )
14 detected 15 by
14 detected 18 imaging
14 detected 23 and
15 by 17 resonance
16 magnetic 17 resonance
18 imaging 20 mri
19 ( 20 mri
20 mri 21 )
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 examine
24 to 25 examine
25 examine 27 association
25 examine 30 with
26 the 27 association
27 association 28 of
28 of 29 bmls
30 with 33 severity
31 knee 32 pain
32 pain 33 severity
33 severity 34 in
33 severity 37 in
34 in 36 residents
35 community 36 residents
37 in 38 korea

methods : participants were randomly chosen from the population - based hallym aging study , irrespective of whether they had knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) or pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 6 chosen
2 : 10 -
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 randomly
4 were 6 chosen
6 chosen 7 from
7 from 9 population
8 the 9 population
10 - 26 or
10 - 28 .
11 based 14 study
11 based 17 of
11 based 26 or
12 hallym 13 aging
13 aging 14 study
15 , 17 of
16 irrespective 17 of
17 of 18 whether
17 of 25 )
18 whether 19 they
18 whether 20 had
19 they 20 had
20 had 22 osteoarthritis
21 knee 22 osteoarthritis
22 osteoarthritis 24 oa
23 ( 24 oa
24 oa 25 )
26 or 27 pain

demographic and knee pain data were obtained by questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 demographic 2 and
2 and 3 knee
2 and 5 data
2 and 8 by
2 and 9 questionnaire
4 pain 5 data
5 data 6 were
6 were 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 by

radiographic evaluations consisted of weight - bearing knee anteroposterior [radiographs] and 1.5 - t mri scans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 radiographic 2 evaluations
2 evaluations 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 5 weight
6 - 9 anteroposterior
6 - 11 and
6 - 17 .
7 bearing 9 anteroposterior
8 knee 9 anteroposterior
11 and 12 1.5
11 and 16 scans
12 1.5 13 -
13 - 14 t
13 - 15 mri
15 mri 16 scans

mri was performed in the dominant knees of subjects without knee pain and in the more symptomatic knees of subjects with knee pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mri
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 mri 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 in
3 performed 21 with
4 in 7 knees
5 the 7 knees
6 dominant 7 knees
7 knees 8 of
8 of 9 subjects
9 subjects 13 and
10 without 12 pain
10 without 13 and
11 knee 12 pain
13 and 14 in
14 in 18 knees
15 the 18 knees
16 more 17 symptomatic
17 symptomatic 18 knees
18 knees 19 of
19 of 20 subjects
21 with 23 pain
22 knee 23 pain

bmls were graded according to the whole - organ mri score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bmls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 graded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 bmls 2 were
2 were 3 graded
3 graded 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 7 whole
6 the 7 whole
8 - 11 score
8 - 12 .
9 organ 11 score
10 mri 11 score

results : the mean age of the 358 study subjects was 71.8 years , and 34.5 % of subjects had radiographically detected knee oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 5 age
2 : 11 was
2 : 15 and
3 the 5 age
4 mean 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 11 was
6 of 10 subjects
7 the 8 358
8 358 10 subjects
9 study 10 subjects
11 was 13 years
12 71.8 13 years
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 %
15 and 22 detected
16 34.5 17 %
17 % 18 of
17 % 20 had
18 of 19 subjects
20 had 22 detected
21 radiographically 22 detected
22 detected 24 oa
23 knee 24 oa

the prevalences of bmls and large bmls in the tibiofemoral compartments were 80.3 [%] and 40.4 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
1 the 2 prevalences
2 prevalences 3 of
2 prevalences 12 were
3 of 5 and
4 bmls 5 and
5 and 7 bmls
5 and 8 in
6 large 7 bmls
8 in 11 compartments
9 the 11 compartments
10 tibiofemoral 11 compartments
12 were 17 %
12 were 19 respectively
13 80.3 15 and
15 and 16 40.4
15 and 17 %
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 .

after adjusting for age , sex , and body mass index , total and medial compartment bml scores were significantly associated with the presence of knee pain , and the association was stronger as the summary score for bml increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 knee
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 after 14 and
1 after 26 knee
2 adjusting 3 for
2 adjusting 8 and
3 for 4 age
4 age 6 sex
5 , 6 sex
6 sex 7 ,
7 , 8 and
8 and 11 index
8 and 12 ,
9 body 10 mass
10 mass 11 index
12 , 13 total
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 compartment
14 and 17 bml
14 and 25 of
15 medial 16 compartment
17 bml 18 scores
17 bml 19 were
17 bml 21 associated
18 scores 19 were
19 were 20 significantly
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 presence
23 the 24 presence
24 presence 25 of
26 knee 27 pain
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 association
29 and 32 was
30 the 31 association
31 association 32 was
32 was 33 stronger
33 stronger 34 as
33 stronger 38 for
34 as 37 score
35 the 37 score
36 summary 37 score
38 for 39 bml
39 bml 40 increased

in proportional regression analysis , knee pain severity increased with bml severity in any compartment and in the medial compartment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 severity
2 proportional 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
6 knee 8 severity
7 pain 8 severity
8 severity 9 increased
9 increased 10 with
9 increased 16 and
10 with 12 severity
11 bml 12 severity
13 in 15 compartment
13 in 16 and
14 any 15 compartment
16 and 17 in
17 in 20 compartment
18 the 20 compartment
19 medial 20 compartment

conclusion : bmls detected by mri were highly prevalent in this elderly asian population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 bmls
2 : 7 were
2 : 15 .
3 bmls 4 detected
3 bmls 7 were
4 detected 5 by
5 by 6 mri
7 were 9 prevalent
8 highly 9 prevalent
9 prevalent 10 in
10 in 14 population
11 this 12 elderly
12 elderly 13 asian
13 asian 14 population

bmls were significantly linked to knee pain , and bml severity correlated with knee pain severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bmls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 bmls 2 were
2 were 3 significantly
2 were 4 linked
4 linked 5 to
4 linked 13 with
5 to 9 and
6 knee 7 pain
7 pain 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 severity
9 and 12 correlated
10 bml 11 severity
13 with 16 severity
14 knee 16 severity
15 pain 16 severity

bmls may be important surrogate targets for monitoring pain and structure modification in oa therapeutics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bmls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 bmls 10 and
2 may 3 be
2 may 10 and
3 be 6 targets
4 important 5 surrogate
5 surrogate 6 targets
6 targets 7 for
7 for 8 monitoring
8 monitoring 9 pain
10 and 11 structure
10 and 13 in
10 and 15 therapeutics
11 structure 12 modification
13 in 14 oa

executive impairment is prominent in schizophrenia [,] in conditions such as parkinson 's disease and dementia and in healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 executive 2 impairment
2 impairment 3 is
3 is 4 prominent
4 prominent 5 in
5 in 6 schizophrenia
6 schizophrenia 17 and
8 in 9 conditions
8 in 17 and
9 conditions 11 as
10 such 11 as
11 as 15 and
12 parkinson 13 's
13 's 14 disease
14 disease 15 and
15 and 16 dementia
17 and 18 in
18 in 20 aging
19 healthy 20 aging

identifying processes that critically constrain executive function can advance investigation of their biological basis and treatment planning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 identifying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 identifying 2 processes
1 identifying 7 function
2 processes 3 that
2 processes 5 constrain
3 that 5 constrain
4 critically 5 constrain
5 constrain 6 executive
7 function 15 and
8 can 10 investigation
9 advance 10 investigation
10 investigation 11 of
10 investigation 15 and
11 of 14 basis
12 their 14 basis
13 biological 14 basis
15 and 16 treatment
15 and 17 planning

recent findings that elderly healthy individuals showed similar impairment on conditional exclusion task as schizophrenia patients raised the question whether similar processes are impaired . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 findings
2 findings 3 that
2 findings 13 task
3 that 6 individuals
3 that 7 showed
4 elderly 6 individuals
5 healthy 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 showed
7 showed 9 impairment
7 showed 10 on
8 similar 9 impairment
10 on 12 exclusion
11 conditional 12 exclusion
13 task 14 as
13 task 19 question
13 task 20 whether
14 as 15 schizophrenia
15 schizophrenia 16 patients
15 schizophrenia 17 raised
16 patients 17 raised
18 the 19 question
20 whether 22 processes
20 whether 24 impaired
21 similar 22 processes
22 processes 23 are
23 are 24 impaired

to test [this] we compared 56 schizophrenia patients , 57 elderly and 77 young healthy individuals on three executive tests : conditional exclusion , abstraction and inhibition and tests of working memory and psychomotor speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 4 we
2 test 5 compared
4 we 5 compared
5 compared 8 patients
6 56 8 patients
7 schizophrenia 8 patients
8 patients 20 tests
9 , 20 tests
10 57 20 tests
11 elderly 12 and
12 and 16 individuals
12 and 17 on
12 and 20 tests
13 77 16 individuals
14 young 16 individuals
15 healthy 16 individuals
17 on 18 three
19 executive 20 tests
20 tests 21 :
21 : 28 and
22 conditional 23 exclusion
23 exclusion 24 ,
24 , 25 abstraction
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 inhibition
26 and 28 and
28 and 29 tests
28 and 30 of
28 and 33 and
28 and 35 speed
30 of 31 working
32 memory 33 and
33 and 34 psychomotor
33 and 35 speed

schizophrenia patients performed worse than elderly healthy on abstraction , inhibition and verbal working memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 schizophrenia 2 patients
2 patients 3 performed
3 performed 4 worse
4 worse 5 than
5 than 12 and
6 elderly 7 healthy
6 elderly 10 ,
7 healthy 8 on
8 on 9 abstraction
10 , 11 inhibition
10 , 12 and
12 and 15 memory
13 verbal 15 memory
14 working 15 memory

they were similarly impaired on penn conditional exclusion test ( pcet ) outcome measures but differed in performance characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 they 15 but
2 were 4 impaired
2 were 15 but
3 similarly 4 impaired
4 impaired 5 on
5 on 14 measures
6 penn 7 conditional
7 conditional 8 exclusion
8 exclusion 9 test
9 test 11 pcet
10 ( 11 pcet
11 pcet 12 )
11 pcet 14 measures
13 outcome 14 measures
15 but 16 differed
16 differed 17 in
17 in 19 characteristics
18 performance 19 characteristics

schizophrenia patients needed relatively more trials to learn the first pcet category than the second [or] [the] third . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 schizophrenia 2 patients
2 patients 3 needed
3 needed 6 trials
3 needed 7 to
3 needed 8 learn
4 relatively 5 more
5 more 6 trials
7 to 8 learn
8 learn 12 category
8 learn 13 than
9 the 10 first
9 the 12 category
11 pcet 12 category
13 than 18 third
14 the 15 second
14 the 18 third

this correlated with other cognitive impairments , particularly in working memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlated
1 this 2 correlated
2 correlated 3 with
3 with 6 impairments
4 other 6 impairments
5 cognitive 6 impairments
6 impairments 9 in
7 , 8 particularly
7 , 9 in
9 in 10 working
9 in 12 .
10 working 11 memory

elderly healthy individuals found it most difficult to learn the last category . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 elderly 3 individuals
2 healthy 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 found
4 found 5 it
5 it 7 difficult
6 most 7 difficult
7 difficult 8 to
7 difficult 9 learn
8 to 9 learn
9 learn 12 category
10 the 12 category
11 last 12 category

the two groups showed different error patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 2 two
2 two 3 groups
3 groups 4 showed
4 showed 6 error
4 showed 7 patterns
5 different 6 error

we propose that schizophrenia patients have particular difficulty in early [(] probabilistic ) learning ( " what to do " ) while aging individuals have selective impairment in executive integration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 5 patients
3 that 6 have
4 schizophrenia 5 patients
5 patients 6 have
6 have 8 difficulty
6 have 9 in
6 have 22 while
7 particular 8 difficulty
9 in 14 learning
10 early 14 learning
12 probabilistic 13 )
12 probabilistic 14 learning
14 learning 17 what
15 ( 16 "
15 ( 17 what
17 what 18 to
17 what 19 do
17 what 21 )
18 to 19 do
19 do 20 "
22 while 24 individuals
22 while 25 have
23 aging 24 individuals
24 individuals 25 have
25 have 27 impairment
25 have 28 in
26 selective 27 impairment
28 in 30 integration
29 executive 30 integration

these constitute distinct targets for customized treatment in the two conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 constitute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 constitute
2 constitute 4 targets
2 constitute 8 in
3 distinct 4 targets
4 targets 5 for
5 for 7 treatment
6 customized 7 treatment
8 in 11 conditions
9 the 10 two
10 two 11 conditions

using the pubmed database , we performed a detailed literature search for structural magnetic resonance imaging studies on patients with schizophrenia , investigating the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic structural parameters and age , to delineate an age - related trajectory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 using 4 database
1 using 5 ,
1 using 6 we
2 the 4 database
3 pubmed 4 database
6 we 7 performed
7 performed 11 search
8 a 9 detailed
8 a 11 search
9 detailed 10 literature
10 literature 11 search
11 search 12 for
11 search 16 imaging
12 for 15 resonance
13 structural 15 resonance
14 magnetic 15 resonance
16 imaging 17 studies
16 imaging 18 on
16 imaging 20 with
16 imaging 35 to
18 on 19 patients
20 with 21 schizophrenia
21 schizophrenia 23 investigating
22 , 23 investigating
23 investigating 32 and
23 investigating 34 ,
24 the 25 relationship
25 relationship 26 between
25 relationship 32 and
26 between 31 parameters
27 macroscopic 28 and
28 and 29 microscopic
28 and 31 parameters
30 structural 31 parameters
32 and 33 age
35 to 36 delineate
36 delineate 38 age
37 an 38 age
39 - 41 trajectory
40 related 41 trajectory

twenty - six studies were considered for the review [,] from january 2000 to june 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 six
2 - 4 studies
4 studies 5 were
5 were 6 considered
6 considered 7 for
6 considered 14 to
7 for 9 review
8 the 9 review
9 review 11 from
11 from 12 january
12 january 13 2000
14 to 15 june
15 june 16 2012

research results are heterogeneous because of the multifactorial features of schizophrenia and the multiplicity of the methodological approaches adopted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 research 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 heterogeneous
4 heterogeneous 5 because
5 because 6 of
6 of 12 and
7 the 9 features
8 multifactorial 9 features
9 features 10 of
9 features 12 and
10 of 11 schizophrenia
12 and 14 multiplicity
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 multiplicity
15 of 18 approaches
16 the 18 approaches
17 methodological 18 approaches
18 approaches 19 adopted

some areas , within the amygdala - hippocampus complex , which are affected early in life by schizophrenia , age in a physiological way . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 some 2 areas
2 areas 4 within
2 areas 11 which
2 areas 20 age
3 , 4 within
4 within 9 complex
4 within 10 ,
5 the 9 complex
6 amygdala 7 -
6 amygdala 8 hippocampus
8 hippocampus 9 complex
10 , 11 which
11 which 12 are
11 which 19 ,
12 are 13 affected
13 affected 14 early
14 early 15 in
14 early 17 by
15 in 16 life
17 by 18 schizophrenia
20 age 21 in
21 in 24 way
22 a 23 physiological
22 a 24 way
23 physiological 24 way

other regions , such as the superior temporal gyrus , appear already impaired at the onset of symptoms , undergo a worsening in the acute phase but later [stabilize] , progressing physiologically over years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 other 2 regions
2 regions 5 as
2 regions 19 ,
3 , 5 as
4 such 5 as
5 as 9 gyrus
5 as 10 ,
6 the 9 gyrus
7 superior 9 gyrus
8 temporal 9 gyrus
11 appear 13 impaired
11 appear 19 ,
12 already 13 impaired
13 impaired 14 at
14 at 16 onset
15 the 16 onset
16 onset 17 of
17 of 18 symptoms
19 , 20 undergo
20 undergo 23 in
20 undergo 27 but
20 undergo 31 progressing
21 a 23 in
22 worsening 23 in
24 the 26 phase
25 acute 26 phase
26 phase 27 but
27 but 28 later
30 , 31 progressing
31 progressing 32 physiologically
31 progressing 33 over
31 progressing 35 .
33 over 34 years

finally , there are regions , such as the uncinate fasciculus , which are not altered early in life , [but] [are] affected around the onset of schizophrenia , with their impairment continuously worsening over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 5 regions
5 regions 8 as
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 11 fasciculus
8 as 12 ,
9 the 11 fasciculus
10 uncinate 11 fasciculus
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 are
13 which 14 are
14 are 15 not
14 are 17 early
15 not 16 altered
17 early 18 in
17 early 23 affected
17 early 30 with
18 in 19 life
20 , 23 affected
23 affected 24 around
23 affected 29 ,
24 around 26 onset
25 the 26 onset
26 onset 27 of
27 of 28 schizophrenia
30 with 32 impairment
31 their 32 impairment
32 impairment 34 worsening
33 continuously 34 worsening
34 worsening 35 over
35 over 36 time

further extensive longitudinal studies are needed to understand the timing and the possible degenerative characteristics of structural impairment associated with schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 further 4 studies
2 extensive 4 studies
3 longitudinal 4 studies
4 studies 5 are
5 are 6 needed
6 needed 7 to
7 to 8 understand
8 understand 11 and
8 understand 20 with
9 the 10 timing
10 timing 11 and
11 and 15 characteristics
11 and 16 of
12 the 15 characteristics
13 possible 15 characteristics
14 degenerative 15 characteristics
16 of 18 impairment
17 structural 18 impairment
18 impairment 19 associated
20 with 21 schizophrenia

impaired insight into illness is a common [but] poorly understood phenomenon in schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 impaired 2 insight
2 insight 3 into
2 insight 5 is
3 into 4 illness
5 is 11 phenomenon
6 a 7 common
6 a 11 phenomenon
7 common 11 phenomenon
9 poorly 10 understood
10 understood 11 phenomenon
11 phenomenon 12 in
12 in 13 schizophrenia

several studies in midlife adults with schizophrenia have reported an association between impaired insight and illness severity , executive dysfunction , premorbid intellectual function , and [to] a lesser degree attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 in
2 studies 8 have
3 in 5 adults
4 midlife 5 adults
5 adults 6 with
6 with 7 schizophrenia
8 have 9 reported
9 reported 11 association
9 reported 12 between
10 an 11 association
12 between 15 and
13 impaired 14 insight
14 insight 15 and
15 and 31 attention
16 illness 31 attention
17 severity 18 ,
18 , 20 dysfunction
18 , 21 ,
19 executive 20 dysfunction
21 , 24 function
21 , 26 and
22 premorbid 24 function
23 intellectual 24 function
25 , 26 and
26 and 30 degree
26 and 31 attention
28 a 30 degree
29 lesser 30 degree

aging is associated with a decline in attention and executive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 7 in
4 with 6 decline
5 a 6 decline
7 in 9 and
8 attention 9 and
9 and 11 function
10 executive 11 function

thus , the relationship between cognition and insight is expected to differ between younger and older adults with schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 relationship
3 the 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 between
4 relationship 9 is
5 between 7 and
6 cognition 7 and
7 and 8 insight
9 is 10 expected
10 expected 11 to
10 expected 12 differ
11 to 12 differ
12 differ 13 between
12 differ 18 with
13 between 17 adults
14 younger 15 and
15 and 16 older
15 and 17 adults
18 with 19 schizophrenia

this study assessed this relationship among 50 patients with schizophrenia 60 years and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 assessed
3 assessed 5 relationship
3 assessed 6 among
3 assessed 9 with
3 assessed 13 and
4 this 5 relationship
6 among 8 patients
7 50 8 patients
9 with 10 schizophrenia
10 schizophrenia 11 60
12 years 13 and
13 and 14 older

insight was explained by illness severity ( 16.2 % of the variance [ )(and premorbid intellectual function ( 23.9 % of the variance ) , but not by attention or executive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 insight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 insight 2 was
2 was 3 explained
3 explained 4 by
3 explained 26 but
3 explained 28 by
4 by 6 severity
5 illness 6 severity
6 severity 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 16.2 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 25 ,
10 of 14 )(and
11 the 12 variance
12 variance 14 )(and
14 )(and 17 function
14 )(and 20 %
15 premorbid 17 function
16 intellectual 17 function
18 ( 20 %
19 23.9 20 %
20 % 21 of
20 % 24 )
21 of 23 variance
22 the 23 variance
26 but 27 not
28 by 30 or
29 attention 30 or
30 or 32 function
31 executive 32 function

our findings suggest that the predictors of insight in schizophrenia differ early and later in life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 predictors
4 that 11 differ
5 the 6 predictors
6 predictors 7 of
7 of 8 insight
8 insight 9 in
9 in 10 schizophrenia
11 differ 13 and
11 differ 15 in
12 early 13 and
13 and 14 later
15 in 16 life

in particular , insight 's association with attention and executive function observed in younger patients is attenuated by age - related changes in cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 6 association
4 insight 5 's
5 's 6 association
6 association 7 with
6 association 16 is
7 with 9 and
8 attention 9 and
9 and 11 function
9 and 12 observed
10 executive 11 function
12 observed 13 in
13 in 15 patients
14 younger 15 patients
16 is 17 attenuated
17 attenuated 18 by
18 by 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 changes
21 related 23 in
21 related 25 .
23 in 24 cognition

in contrast , premorbid [intellectual] [function] continues to be a strong predictor of insight in late life , which highlights the need to better understand and enhance cognitive [function] early in the course of schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 premorbid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 premorbid
4 premorbid 7 continues
7 continues 8 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 12 predictor
9 be 15 in
10 a 12 predictor
11 strong 12 predictor
12 predictor 13 of
13 of 14 insight
15 in 17 life
16 late 17 life
18 , 19 which
18 , 20 highlights
19 which 20 highlights
20 highlights 22 need
21 the 22 need
22 need 23 to
22 need 26 and
22 need 28 cognitive
23 to 26 and
24 better 25 understand
25 understand 26 and
26 and 27 enhance
28 cognitive 30 early
28 cognitive 31 in
31 in 33 course
32 the 33 course
33 course 34 of
34 of 35 schizophrenia

context : we have reconceptualized advance care planning ( acp ) as a multistep process focused on preparing patients with skills needed for communication and in [-] the [-] moment decision making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 5 reconceptualized
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 reconceptualized
5 reconceptualized 7 care
5 reconceptualized 25 and
6 advance 7 care
7 care 8 planning
7 care 10 acp
7 care 22 needed
9 ( 10 acp
10 acp 11 )
12 as 15 process
12 as 22 needed
13 a 15 process
14 multistep 15 process
15 process 16 focused
16 focused 17 on
17 on 18 preparing
18 preparing 19 patients
18 preparing 20 with
20 with 21 skills
20 with 22 needed
23 for 24 communication
23 for 25 and
25 and 26 in
26 in 31 decision
28 the 31 decision
30 moment 31 decision
31 decision 32 making

objectives : to operationalize this paradigm , we created an easy [-] [to] - use acp [website] ( prepareforyourcare.org ) based on a theoretical framework of behavior change and pilot - tested its efficacy to engage older adults in acp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 operationalize
2 : 7 ,
2 : 32 tested
3 to 4 operationalize
4 operationalize 6 paradigm
5 this 6 paradigm
7 , 8 we
7 , 9 created
8 we 9 created
9 created 15 use
9 created 22 on
10 an 11 easy
10 an 15 use
11 easy 14 -
11 easy 15 use
15 use 21 based
16 acp 19 prepareforyourcare.org
16 acp 21 based
18 ( 19 prepareforyourcare.org
19 prepareforyourcare.org 20 )
22 on 25 framework
23 a 25 framework
24 theoretical 25 framework
25 framework 26 of
26 of 27 behavior
27 behavior 29 and
27 behavior 32 tested
28 change 29 and
29 and 30 pilot
29 and 31 -
29 and 32 tested
32 tested 34 efficacy
33 its 34 efficacy
34 efficacy 35 to
34 efficacy 36 engage
35 to 36 engage
36 engage 38 adults
36 engage 39 in
37 older 38 adults
39 in 40 acp

methods : at baseline and 1 week after viewing the prepare website , we assessed behavior change in acp by using a validated survey that includes process measures ( knowledge , contemplation , self - efficacy , and readiness , 5 - point likert scales ) and action measures [(] yes/no whether an acp behavior was completed ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 at 4 baseline
3 at 5 and
5 and 8 after
6 1 7 week
7 week 8 after
8 after 9 viewing
9 viewing 12 website
10 the 12 website
11 prepare 12 website
13 , 14 we
13 , 15 assessed
13 , 33 ,
14 we 15 assessed
15 assessed 17 change
15 assessed 18 in
16 behavior 17 change
18 in 19 acp
19 acp 20 by
19 acp 32 contemplation
20 by 21 using
21 using 24 survey
22 a 24 survey
23 validated 24 survey
24 survey 25 that
24 survey 26 includes
24 survey 30 knowledge
25 that 26 includes
26 includes 28 measures
27 process 28 measures
29 ( 30 knowledge
30 knowledge 31 ,
31 , 32 contemplation
32 contemplation 33 ,
33 , 34 self
33 , 35 -
35 - 47 and
35 - 51 yes/no
36 efficacy 38 and
37 , 38 and
38 and 39 readiness
38 and 41 5
38 and 47 and
40 , 41 5
41 5 45 scales
41 5 46 )
42 - 45 scales
43 point 45 scales
44 likert 45 scales
45 scales 46 )
47 and 49 measures
47 and 51 yes/no
48 action 49 measures
51 yes/no 52 whether
52 whether 55 behavior
52 whether 57 completed
53 an 55 behavior
54 acp 55 behavior
55 behavior 56 was
56 was 57 completed
57 completed 58 )

we also assigned participants into behavior change stages ( i.e [.] , precontemplation , contemplation , preparation , action , maintenance ) and determined the percentage of participants who moved from precontemplation at baseline to higher stages at 1 week . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 23 and
2 also 3 assigned
3 assigned 4 participants
3 assigned 13 precontemplation
3 assigned 23 and
4 participants 5 into
4 participants 10 i.e
5 into 8 stages
6 behavior 8 stages
7 change 8 stages
9 ( 10 i.e
10 i.e 12 ,
13 precontemplation 15 contemplation
13 precontemplation 17 preparation
13 precontemplation 21 maintenance
14 , 15 contemplation
15 contemplation 16 ,
16 , 17 preparation
17 preparation 19 action
17 preparation 20 ,
18 , 19 action
19 action 20 ,
20 , 21 maintenance
21 maintenance 22 )
23 and 24 determined
23 and 35 to
23 and 38 at
24 determined 26 percentage
24 determined 33 at
25 the 26 percentage
26 percentage 27 of
26 percentage 29 who
26 percentage 30 moved
27 of 28 participants
29 who 30 moved
30 moved 31 from
31 from 32 precontemplation
33 at 34 baseline
35 to 37 stages
36 higher 37 stages
38 at 40 week
39 1 40 week

we also assessed prepare ease - of [-] use ( 10 - point scale [,] 10 being the easiest ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 3 assessed
2 also 3 assessed
3 assessed 5 ease
4 prepare 5 ease
5 ease 7 of
6 - 7 of
7 of 9 use
7 of 20 )
9 use 12 -
10 ( 12 -
11 10 12 -
12 - 14 scale
12 - 20 )
13 point 14 scale
14 scale 16 10
14 scale 17 being
17 being 19 easiest
18 the 19 easiest

changes were assessed with wilcoxon signed rank sum tests and mcnemar 's tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 changes 2 were
2 were 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 with
4 with 10 and
5 wilcoxon 6 signed
6 signed 7 rank
7 rank 9 tests
8 sum 9 tests
9 tests 10 and
10 and 13 tests
11 mcnemar 12 's
12 's 13 tests

results : mean age of the participants was 68.4 years ( sd [6.6] ) , and 65 % were nonwhite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mean
3 mean 4 age
3 mean 8 was
4 age 5 of
4 age 8 was
5 of 7 participants
6 the 7 participants
8 was 10 years
9 68.4 10 years
10 years 12 sd
11 ( 12 sd
12 sd 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 %
16 and 19 were
17 65 18 %
18 % 19 were
19 were 20 nonwhite

behavior change process measures average likert scores increased from 3.1 ( 0.9 ) to 3.7 ( 0.7 ) , p < 0.001 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 average
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 behavior 2 change
2 change 3 process
3 process 4 measures
4 measures 5 average
5 average 7 scores
5 average 9 from
5 average 14 to
6 likert 7 scores
7 scores 8 increased
9 from 10 3.1
10 3.1 12 0.9
11 ( 12 0.9
12 0.9 13 )
14 to 15 3.7
15 3.7 17 0.7
15 3.7 21 <
16 ( 17 0.7
17 0.7 18 )
19 , 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.001

action measures did not change significantly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 action 2 measures
2 measures 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 change
5 change 6 significantly

however , precontemplation significantly decreased for most actions ( e.g [.] , talking to doctor about desired medical care , 61 % to 35 % , p < 0.003 ) , with a mean decrease of 21 % ( range , 16 % - 33 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 precontemplation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 desired
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 precontemplation
3 precontemplation 5 decreased
3 precontemplation 13 talking
3 precontemplation 14 to
3 precontemplation 15 doctor
3 precontemplation 17 desired
4 significantly 5 decreased
5 decreased 6 for
6 for 8 actions
7 most 8 actions
8 actions 10 e.g
9 ( 10 e.g
10 e.g 12 ,
14 to 15 doctor
15 doctor 16 about
17 desired 19 care
18 medical 19 care
19 care 22 %
20 , 22 %
21 61 22 %
22 % 23 to
22 % 48 .
23 to 25 %
24 35 25 %
25 % 28 <
25 % 32 with
26 , 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.003
28 < 30 )
31 , 32 with
32 with 35 decrease
32 with 47 )
33 a 35 decrease
34 mean 35 decrease
35 decrease 36 of
36 of 38 %
37 21 38 %
38 % 40 range
38 % 43 %
39 ( 40 range
40 range 41 ,
41 , 43 %
42 16 43 %
43 % 46 %
43 % 47 )
44 - 46 %
45 33 46 %
46 % 47 )

prepare was rated [a] [nine] of ten ( ±1.9 ) for ease - of [-] use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prepare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rated
1 prepare 2 was
2 was 3 rated
3 rated 6 of
3 rated 11 for
6 of 7 ten
7 ten 9 ±1.9
8 ( 9 ±1.9
9 ±1.9 10 )
11 for 12 ease
12 ease 14 of
13 - 14 of
14 of 16 use
14 of 17 .

conclusion : a new , patient - centered acp website that focuses on preparing patients for communication and decision making significantly improves engagement in the process of acp and behavior change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 10 website
3 a 4 new
3 a 10 website
4 new 5 ,
4 new 10 website
6 patient 7 -
6 patient 10 website
8 centered 10 website
9 acp 10 website
10 website 11 that
10 website 12 focuses
11 that 12 focuses
12 focuses 13 on
13 on 14 preparing
14 preparing 15 patients
14 preparing 16 for
16 for 17 communication
18 and 20 making
18 and 22 improves
19 decision 20 making
20 making 22 improves
21 significantly 22 improves
22 improves 23 engagement
22 improves 24 in
24 in 29 and
25 the 26 process
26 process 27 of
26 process 29 and
27 of 28 acp
29 and 31 change
30 behavior 31 change

a clinical trial of prepare is currently underway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 a 2 clinical
1 a 3 trial
2 clinical 3 trial
3 trial 4 of
3 trial 6 is
4 of 5 prepare
6 is 7 currently
6 is 8 underway

near [falls] ( nfs ) [are] more [frequent] than falls , and may occur before [falls] , potentially predicting fall risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 more
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 near 7 more
3 ( 4 nfs
4 nfs 5 )
4 nfs 7 more
7 more 12 and
9 than 10 falls
10 falls 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 may
13 may 14 occur
14 occur 15 before
14 occur 19 predicting
17 , 19 predicting
18 potentially 19 predicting
19 predicting 21 risk
19 predicting 22 .
20 fall 21 risk

[as] such [,] identification of a nf is important . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
2 such 4 identification
4 identification 5 of
4 identification 8 is
5 of 7 nf
6 a 7 nf
8 is 9 important

we aimed to assess [intra] [and] [inter] [-] rater reliability of the traditional definition of a nf and to demonstrate the potential utility of a new definition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 18 and
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 assess
2 aimed 18 and
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 10 reliability
9 rater 10 reliability
10 reliability 11 of
11 of 14 definition
12 the 14 definition
13 traditional 14 definition
14 definition 15 of
15 of 17 nf
16 a 17 nf
18 and 19 to
18 and 20 demonstrate
19 to 20 demonstrate
20 demonstrate 23 utility
21 the 23 utility
22 potential 23 utility
23 utility 24 of
24 of 27 definition
25 a 26 new
25 a 27 definition
26 new 27 definition

to this end , 10 older adults , 10 idiopathic elderly fallers , and 10 patients with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) walked in an obstacle course while wearing a safety harness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 walked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 3 end
1 to 4 ,
1 to 14 and
2 this 3 end
5 10 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 ,
8 , 12 fallers
8 , 14 and
9 10 12 fallers
10 idiopathic 12 fallers
11 elderly 12 fallers
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 patients
14 and 17 with
14 and 22 pd
14 and 24 walked
15 10 16 patients
17 with 20 disease
18 parkinson 19 's
19 's 20 disease
21 ( 22 pd
22 pd 23 )
24 walked 25 in
24 walked 28 course
24 walked 29 while
26 an 28 course
27 obstacle 28 course
29 while 30 wearing
30 wearing 33 harness
31 a 33 harness
32 safety 33 harness

all walks were videotaped . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 walks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 videotaped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 all 2 walks
2 walks 3 were
3 were 4 videotaped

forty - nine video segments were extracted to create 2 clips each of 8.48 min . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 forty 2 -
2 - 3 nine
2 - 5 segments
2 - 6 were
2 - 7 extracted
4 video 5 segments
5 segments 6 were
7 extracted 8 to
7 extracted 12 each
8 to 9 create
9 create 11 clips
10 2 11 clips
12 each 13 of
13 of 15 min
14 8.48 15 min

four raters scored each event using the traditional definition [and] , two weeks later , using the new definition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 raters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 four 2 raters
2 raters 3 scored
3 scored 5 event
4 each 5 event
5 event 6 using
6 using 9 definition
6 using 16 using
7 the 9 definition
8 traditional 9 definition
9 definition 14 later
11 , 14 later
12 two 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 later
14 later 15 ,
16 using 19 definition
17 the 19 definition
18 new 19 definition

a fifth rater used only the new definition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rater
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 a 3 rater
2 fifth 3 rater
3 rater 4 used
4 used 5 only
4 used 8 definition
6 the 8 definition
7 new 8 definition

[intra] - rater reliability was determined using kappa ( k ) statistics and inter - rater reliability was determined using icc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
2 - 4 reliability
3 rater 4 reliability
4 reliability 5 was
5 was 13 and
6 determined 7 using
6 determined 12 statistics
6 determined 13 and
7 using 8 kappa
8 kappa 10 k
9 ( 10 k
10 k 11 )
13 and 14 inter
15 - 17 reliability
15 - 18 was
15 - 22 .
16 rater 17 reliability
17 reliability 18 was
18 was 19 determined
19 determined 20 using
20 using 21 icc

using the traditional definition , three raters had poor [intra] - rater reliability ( k<0.054 , p>0.137 ) and one rater had moderate [intra] - rater reliability ( k=0.624 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 raters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 using 4 definition
1 using 5 ,
1 using 7 raters
2 the 4 definition
3 traditional 4 definition
6 three 7 raters
7 raters 8 had
8 had 13 reliability
9 poor 11 -
9 poor 12 rater
12 rater 13 reliability
13 reliability 19 and
14 ( 19 and
15 k<0.054 17 p>0.137
15 k<0.054 19 and
16 , 17 p>0.137
17 p>0.137 18 )
19 and 20 one
19 and 21 rater
19 and 22 had
19 and 27 reliability
19 and 32 )
21 rater 22 had
22 had 23 moderate
25 - 27 reliability
26 rater 27 reliability
27 reliability 29 k=0.624
27 reliability 32 )
28 ( 29 k=0.624
29 k=0.624 31 p<0.001
29 k=0.624 32 )
30 , 31 p<0.001
31 p<0.001 32 )

with the traditional definition , inter [-] rater reliability between the four raters was moderate ( icc=0.667 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 inter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 with 4 definition
1 with 5 ,
1 with 6 inter
2 the 4 definition
3 traditional 4 definition
6 inter 8 rater
8 rater 9 reliability
8 rater 15 moderate
8 rater 17 icc=0.667
8 rater 19 p<0.001
9 reliability 10 between
9 reliability 14 was
10 between 13 raters
11 the 12 four
12 four 13 raters
14 was 15 moderate
16 ( 17 icc=0.667
17 icc=0.667 18 ,
18 , 19 p<0.001
19 p<0.001 20 )

in contrast , the new nf definition showed high [intra] - rater ( k>0.601 , p<0.001 ) and excellent [inter] - rater reliability ( icc=0.815 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 definition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 definition
4 the 7 definition
5 new 7 definition
6 nf 7 definition
7 definition 8 showed
8 showed 12 rater
8 showed 18 and
9 high 11 -
9 high 12 rater
12 rater 14 k>0.601
12 rater 16 p<0.001
13 ( 14 k>0.601
14 k>0.601 15 ,
15 , 16 p<0.001
16 p<0.001 17 )
18 and 22 rater
18 and 23 reliability
19 excellent 21 -
19 excellent 22 rater
23 reliability 25 icc=0.815
24 ( 25 icc=0.815
25 icc=0.815 27 p<0.001
25 icc=0.815 28 )
26 , 27 p<0.001
27 p<0.001 28 )

a priori , it is easy to distinguish [falls] from usual walking and nfs , but it is more challenging to distinguish nfs from obstacle negotiation and usual walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 priori
2 priori 3 ,
2 priori 4 it
4 it 5 is
5 is 6 easy
6 easy 7 to
6 easy 8 distinguish
7 to 8 distinguish
8 distinguish 10 from
10 from 13 and
11 usual 12 walking
11 usual 13 and
13 and 14 nfs
15 , 16 but
15 , 29 walking
16 but 17 it
16 but 18 is
17 it 18 is
18 is 20 challenging
19 more 20 challenging
20 challenging 21 to
20 challenging 29 walking
21 to 22 distinguish
22 distinguish 23 nfs
22 distinguish 24 from
24 from 27 and
25 obstacle 26 negotiation
26 negotiation 27 and
27 and 28 usual
27 and 29 walking

therefore , a more precise definition of nf is required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 definition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 6 definition
3 a 6 definition
4 more 5 precise
5 precise 6 definition
6 definition 7 of
6 definition 9 is
7 of 8 nf
9 is 10 required

the results of the present study suggest that the proposed new definition increases [intra] and inter - rater reliability , a critical step for using nfs to quantify fall risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 rater
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 15 and
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 suggest 8 that
7 suggest 15 and
8 that 12 definition
8 that 13 increases
9 the 12 definition
10 proposed 12 definition
11 new 12 definition
12 definition 13 increases
15 and 16 inter
17 - 18 rater
18 rater 19 reliability
19 reliability 23 step
20 , 23 step
21 a 22 critical
21 a 23 step
22 critical 23 step
23 step 24 for
23 step 31 .
24 for 25 using
25 using 26 nfs
25 using 27 to
25 using 28 quantify
27 to 28 quantify
28 quantify 30 risk
29 fall 30 risk

background [:] in adults , left [ventricular] [(] lv ) systolic [twist] is an important factor that determines lv filling , both at rest and during exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 background 3 in
1 background 11 systolic
1 background 13 is
3 in 4 adults
4 adults 6 left
5 , 6 left
6 left 9 lv
6 left 10 )
13 is 16 factor
14 an 15 important
14 an 16 factor
15 important 16 factor
16 factor 20 filling
17 that 18 determines
18 determines 19 lv
18 determines 20 filling
19 lv 20 filling
21 , 22 both
22 both 25 and
23 at 24 rest
23 at 25 and
25 and 26 during
26 during 27 exercise

in children , [lower] lv [twist] has been demonstrated at rest , but its adaptation during exercise and its functional consequences on lv filling are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 children
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 lv
5 lv 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 demonstrated
9 demonstrated 10 at
10 at 11 rest
12 , 13 but
13 but 18 and
13 but 25 are
14 its 15 adaptation
15 adaptation 16 during
15 adaptation 18 and
16 during 17 exercise
18 and 21 consequences
18 and 22 on
18 and 24 filling
18 and 25 are
19 its 21 consequences
20 functional 21 consequences
22 on 23 lv
25 are 26 unknown

results : at rest , lv [twist] was lower in children , because of a higher temporal dispersion of peak rotation between base and apex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 at
3 at 4 rest
5 , 6 lv
5 , 8 was
6 lv 8 was
8 was 9 lower
9 lower 10 in
9 lower 13 because
10 in 11 children
12 , 13 because
13 because 14 of
13 because 26 .
14 of 18 dispersion
15 a 18 dispersion
16 higher 18 dispersion
17 temporal 18 dispersion
18 dispersion 19 of
19 of 21 rotation
20 peak 21 rotation
21 rotation 22 between
22 between 24 and
23 base 24 and
24 and 25 apex

during exercise , the increase of basal rotation was blunted in children compared with adults ( - 6.7 ± [2.7] ° [vs] - 9.0 ± 2.0 ° at 40 % of maximal aerobic power , p < . 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 blunted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 during 2 exercise
1 during 3 ,
1 during 5 increase
4 the 5 increase
5 increase 6 of
5 increase 9 was
6 of 8 rotation
7 basal 8 rotation
9 was 10 blunted
10 blunted 11 in
10 blunted 14 with
11 in 12 children
12 children 13 compared
14 with 15 adults
15 adults 21 °
16 ( 21 °
17 - 18 6.7
18 6.7 21 °
19 ± 21 °
21 ° 23 -
23 - 24 9.0
23 - 25 ±
23 - 35 ,
23 - 38 .
24 9.0 25 ±
25 ± 27 °
25 ± 28 at
26 2.0 27 °
28 at 30 %
29 40 30 %
30 % 31 of
31 of 34 power
32 maximal 34 power
33 aerobic 34 power
35 , 36 p
35 , 37 <
36 p 37 <
38 . 39 05
38 . 41 )(

consequently , lv [twist] increased to a lesser extent ( 13.0 ± 5.0 [°] vs 15.8 ± [4.5] ° at 40 % of maximal aerobic power , p < . 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 lv
3 lv 5 increased
5 increased 6 to
6 to 9 extent
7 a 8 lesser
7 a 9 extent
8 lesser 9 extent
9 extent 12 ±
10 ( 12 ±
11 13.0 12 ±
12 ± 13 5.0
12 ± 15 vs
12 ± 23 of
12 ± 27 ,
15 vs 19 °
16 15.8 19 °
17 ± 19 °
19 ° 20 at
20 at 22 %
21 40 22 %
23 of 26 power
24 maximal 26 power
25 aerobic 26 power
27 , 28 p
27 , 29 <
28 p 29 <
30 . 31 05
30 . 33 )(

the increase in lv untwisting rates during exercise was also lower in children , leading to a lower percentage of untwisting during early diastole [(] 8 ± 8 % vs 29 ± 20 % at 40 % of maximal aerobic power , p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 5 untwisting
2 increase 7 during
2 increase 9 was
3 in 4 lv
5 untwisting 6 rates
7 during 8 exercise
9 was 10 also
9 was 11 lower
11 lower 12 in
11 lower 15 leading
12 in 13 children
14 , 15 leading
15 leading 16 to
15 leading 22 during
15 leading 34 %
15 leading 47 )
16 to 19 percentage
17 a 19 percentage
18 lower 19 percentage
19 percentage 20 of
20 of 21 untwisting
22 during 27 ±
23 early 24 diastole
24 diastole 27 ±
26 8 27 ±
27 ± 29 %
27 ± 32 ±
28 8 29 %
29 % 30 vs
29 % 32 ±
30 vs 31 29
33 20 34 %
34 % 35 at
34 % 38 of
34 % 44 <
35 at 37 %
36 40 37 %
38 of 41 power
39 maximal 41 power
40 aerobic 41 power
42 , 44 <
43 p 44 <
44 < 46 001
44 < 47 )

consequently , during early diastole , the normal timing of diastolic events observed in young adults , with [untwist] occurring before radial displacement , was blunted in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 timing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 blunted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 9 timing
2 , 3 during
3 during 5 diastole
3 during 6 ,
3 during 9 timing
4 early 5 diastole
7 the 9 timing
8 normal 9 timing
9 timing 10 of
9 timing 25 was
10 of 12 events
11 diastolic 12 events
12 events 13 observed
13 observed 14 in
13 observed 18 with
14 in 16 adults
15 young 16 adults
17 , 18 with
18 with 20 occurring
18 with 24 ,
20 occurring 21 before
21 before 23 displacement
22 radial 23 displacement
25 was 26 blunted
26 blunted 27 in
27 in 28 children

nevertheless , children exhibited normal [lv] filling due to higher diastolic radial and longitudinal strain rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 3 children
3 children 4 exhibited
4 exhibited 7 filling
4 exhibited 9 to
5 normal 7 filling
8 due 9 to
9 to 16 rates
10 higher 15 strain
11 diastolic 15 strain
12 radial 13 and
13 and 14 longitudinal
13 and 15 strain
15 strain 16 rates

conclusions : twist - [untwist] mechanics may evolve with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 twist
4 - 6 mechanics
4 - 8 evolve
4 - 12 .
6 mechanics 7 may
7 may 8 evolve
8 evolve 9 with
9 with 10 advancing
10 advancing 11 age

in children , early diastolic [lv] untwisting appears to be less important than in adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 untwisting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 children
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 untwisting
4 early 7 untwisting
5 diastolic 7 untwisting
7 untwisting 8 appears
8 appears 9 to
8 appears 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 12 important
11 less 12 important
12 important 13 than
13 than 14 in
14 in 15 adults

[their] better lv intrinsic myocardial relaxation may ensure [adequate] lv filling during exercise without dependence on the additional effect of suction resulting from lv [energy] [recoil] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 better
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 better 3 lv
2 better 12 during
2 better 14 without
2 better 16 on
3 lv 11 filling
4 intrinsic 6 relaxation
5 myocardial 6 relaxation
6 relaxation 7 may
7 may 8 ensure
8 ensure 10 lv
8 ensure 11 filling
10 lv 11 filling
12 during 13 exercise
14 without 15 dependence
16 on 19 effect
17 the 19 effect
18 additional 19 effect
19 effect 20 of
20 of 21 suction
21 suction 22 resulting
22 resulting 23 from
23 from 24 lv

objectives : there is a widespread consensus that diabetes impairs cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 13 .
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 consensus
5 a 6 widespread
5 a 7 consensus
6 widespread 7 consensus
7 consensus 8 that
8 that 9 diabetes
8 that 10 impairs
9 diabetes 10 impairs
10 impairs 12 functioning
11 cognitive 12 functioning

however , some recent findings have shown that many health conditions generally thought to be detrimental to cognitive functioning are in fact linked to pre - morbid cognitive ability , suggesting reverse causation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 findings
3 some 5 findings
4 recent 5 findings
5 findings 6 have
6 have 7 shown
7 shown 11 conditions
7 shown 20 are
8 that 9 many
9 many 11 conditions
10 health 11 conditions
11 conditions 13 thought
11 conditions 20 are
12 generally 13 thought
13 thought 14 to
13 thought 17 to
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 detrimental
17 to 19 functioning
18 cognitive 19 functioning
20 are 21 in
20 are 31 suggesting
21 in 22 fact
22 fact 23 linked
23 linked 24 to
24 to 25 pre
25 pre 29 ability
26 - 29 ability
27 morbid 29 ability
28 cognitive 29 ability
29 ability 30 ,
31 suggesting 33 causation
32 reverse 33 causation

to better understand the causality in diabetes - cognition relationship , this study investigates the association of older - age diabetes with concurrent and childhood cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 to 3 understand
2 better 3 understand
3 understand 5 causality
4 the 5 causality
5 causality 6 in
6 in 7 diabetes
8 - 10 relationship
8 - 11 ,
8 - 28 .
9 cognition 10 relationship
11 , 13 study
11 , 14 investigates
12 this 13 study
13 study 14 investigates
14 investigates 16 association
14 investigates 22 with
15 the 16 association
16 association 17 of
17 of 21 diabetes
18 older 19 -
18 older 20 age
20 age 21 diabetes
22 with 24 and
23 concurrent 24 and
24 and 27 functioning
25 childhood 27 functioning
26 cognitive 27 functioning

methods : lothian birth cohort 1936 participants ( n=1017 ) completed the same general cognitive ability test at ages 11 and 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 cohort
2 : 18 at
3 lothian 4 birth
4 birth 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 1936
5 cohort 7 participants
5 cohort 11 completed
7 participants 9 n=1017
7 participants 11 completed
8 ( 9 n=1017
9 n=1017 10 )
11 completed 17 test
12 the 13 same
12 the 17 test
14 general 16 ability
15 cognitive 16 ability
16 ability 17 test
18 at 21 and
19 ages 20 11
19 ages 21 and
21 and 23 years
22 70 23 years

scores were compared between those [with] and without diabetes at age 70 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 scores 2 were
2 were 3 compared
3 compared 7 and
3 compared 10 at
4 between 5 those
4 between 7 and
7 and 8 without
8 without 9 diabetes
10 at 11 age
11 age 12 70

diabetes status was based on self [-] reports and haemoglobin a1c levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 diabetes 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 4 based
4 based 5 on
5 on 9 and
6 self 8 reports
8 reports 9 and
9 and 12 levels
10 haemoglobin 12 levels
11 a1c 12 levels

results : people with diabetes had lower mean cognitive ability scores at ages 11 and 70 when compared with those without diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 people
2 : 6 had
2 : 23 .
3 people 4 with
3 people 6 had
4 with 5 diabetes
6 had 11 scores
6 had 12 at
6 had 17 when
7 lower 10 ability
8 mean 10 ability
9 cognitive 10 ability
10 ability 11 scores
12 at 13 ages
13 ages 15 and
14 11 15 and
15 and 16 70
17 when 18 compared
18 compared 19 with
18 compared 21 without
19 with 20 those
21 without 22 diabetes

the effect size was roughly similar at both ages ( cohen 's d≈0.32 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 size
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 size
2 effect 3 size
3 size 4 was
4 was 6 similar
5 roughly 6 similar
6 similar 7 at
7 at 9 ages
8 both 9 ages
9 ages 13 d≈0.32
10 ( 13 d≈0.32
11 cohen 12 's
12 's 13 d≈0.32
13 d≈0.32 14 )

when adjusted for age - 11 cognitive ability , diabetes status was not associated with cognitive ability at age 70 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 when 2 adjusted
1 when 9 ,
1 when 11 status
2 adjusted 3 for
3 for 4 age
4 age 8 ability
5 - 8 ability
6 11 8 ability
7 cognitive 8 ability
8 ability 9 ,
10 diabetes 11 status
11 status 12 was
12 was 13 not
12 was 15 with
12 was 18 at
13 not 14 associated
15 with 17 ability
16 cognitive 17 ability
18 at 19 age
19 age 20 70

the association between childhood cognitive ability and older - age diabetes was partly accounted for by body mass index [and] cholesterol level in older - age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 12 was
3 between 7 and
4 childhood 6 ability
5 cognitive 6 ability
6 ability 7 and
7 and 11 diabetes
8 older 9 -
8 older 10 age
10 age 11 diabetes
12 was 15 for
13 partly 15 for
14 accounted 15 for
15 for 16 by
16 by 21 cholesterol
17 body 19 index
18 mass 19 index
19 index 21 cholesterol
21 cholesterol 22 level
22 level 23 in
23 in 26 age
24 older 25 -
24 older 26 age

conclusion : in this sample , diabetes was associated with poorer cognitive ability in old age but this was because of life - long lower cognitive ability in people with diabetes instead of diabetes impairing cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 7 diabetes
2 : 9 associated
2 : 17 but
2 : 23 -
3 in 5 sample
3 in 6 ,
3 in 7 diabetes
4 this 5 sample
7 diabetes 8 was
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 14 in
10 with 13 ability
11 poorer 13 ability
12 cognitive 13 ability
14 in 16 age
15 old 16 age
17 but 18 this
17 but 19 was
18 this 19 was
19 was 21 of
20 because 21 of
21 of 22 life
23 - 25 lower
24 long 25 lower
25 lower 27 ability
25 lower 28 in
25 lower 30 with
25 lower 33 of
26 cognitive 27 ability
28 in 29 people
30 with 31 diabetes
32 instead 33 of
33 of 34 diabetes
34 diabetes 35 impairing
35 impairing 37 functioning
36 cognitive 37 functioning

background : retired athletes with a history of sports concussions experience cognitive and motor declines with aging , and the risk of severe neurodegenerative conditions is magnified in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 13 and
2 : 19 and
3 retired 4 athletes
3 retired 5 with
3 retired 13 and
5 with 7 history
5 with 12 cognitive
6 a 7 history
7 history 8 of
8 of 9 sports
9 sports 10 concussions
9 sports 11 experience
10 concussions 11 experience
13 and 14 motor
14 motor 15 declines
14 motor 16 with
16 with 17 aging
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 risk
19 and 27 magnified
20 the 21 risk
21 risk 22 of
21 risk 26 is
22 of 25 conditions
23 severe 25 conditions
24 neurodegenerative 25 conditions
26 is 27 magnified
27 magnified 28 in
28 in 30 population
29 this 30 population

the present study investigated the effects of aging on motor system metabolism and function in former university [-] level athletes who sustained their last concussion several decades prior to testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 13 and
4 investigated 15 in
4 investigated 29 to
5 the 13 and
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 13 and
7 of 8 aging
8 aging 9 on
9 on 12 metabolism
10 motor 11 system
11 system 12 metabolism
13 and 14 function
15 in 20 athletes
16 former 19 level
17 university 19 level
19 level 20 athletes
20 athletes 21 who
20 athletes 22 sustained
21 who 22 sustained
22 sustained 27 decades
23 their 27 decades
24 last 25 concussion
25 concussion 27 decades
26 several 27 decades
28 prior 29 to
29 to 30 testing

methods : to test the hypothesis that age and remote concussions induce functional as well as metabolic alterations of the motor system , we used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect metabolic abnormalities in the primary motor cortex and the serial reaction time task ( srtt ) to evaluate motor learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
2 : 24 we
2 : 25 used
3 to 4 test
3 to 23 ,
3 to 24 we
4 test 6 hypothesis
5 the 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 that
6 hypothesis 12 induce
7 that 9 and
7 that 12 induce
8 age 9 and
9 and 11 concussions
9 and 12 induce
10 remote 11 concussions
12 induce 18 alterations
12 induce 23 ,
13 functional 18 alterations
14 as 15 well
15 well 17 metabolic
16 as 17 metabolic
17 metabolic 18 alterations
18 alterations 19 of
19 of 22 system
20 the 22 system
21 motor 22 system
24 we 25 used
25 used 29 spectroscopy
25 used 30 to
25 used 34 in
25 used 48 to
26 proton 29 spectroscopy
27 magnetic 28 resonance
28 resonance 29 spectroscopy
30 to 31 detect
31 detect 33 abnormalities
32 metabolic 33 abnormalities
34 in 39 and
35 the 38 cortex
36 primary 37 motor
37 motor 38 cortex
38 cortex 39 and
39 and 44 task
39 and 46 srtt
40 the 44 task
41 serial 44 task
42 reaction 44 task
43 time 44 task
45 ( 46 srtt
46 srtt 47 )
48 to 49 evaluate
49 evaluate 51 learning
50 motor 51 learning

results : our results indicate that motor learning is significantly reduced in former concussed athletes relative to controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicate
2 : 19 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 7 motor
5 indicate 11 reduced
6 that 7 motor
7 motor 8 learning
7 motor 9 is
9 is 10 significantly
9 is 11 reduced
11 reduced 12 in
12 in 15 athletes
13 former 15 athletes
14 concussed 15 athletes
15 athletes 16 relative
16 relative 17 to
17 to 18 controls

in addition , glutamate/h2o [ratio] in m1 was disproportionately reduced in concussed athletes with advancing age and was found to strongly correlate with motor learning impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 glutamate/h2o
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 glutamate/h2o
4 glutamate/h2o 6 in
4 glutamate/h2o 17 and
6 in 7 m1
8 was 10 reduced
8 was 17 and
9 disproportionately 10 reduced
10 reduced 11 in
10 reduced 14 with
11 in 13 athletes
12 concussed 13 athletes
14 with 15 advancing
15 advancing 16 age
17 and 18 was
17 and 23 with
18 was 19 found
19 found 20 to
20 to 22 correlate
21 strongly 22 correlate
23 with 26 impairments
24 motor 26 impairments
25 learning 26 impairments

conclusion : findings from this study provide evidence that the acquisition of a repeated motor sequence is compromised in the aging concussed brain and that its physiological underpinnings could implicate disproportionate reductions of m1 glutamate concentrations with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 findings
2 : 30 implicate
3 findings 4 from
3 findings 7 provide
4 from 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 provide 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 that
9 that 11 acquisition
9 that 18 compromised
10 the 11 acquisition
11 acquisition 12 of
11 acquisition 18 compromised
12 of 15 motor
13 a 15 motor
14 repeated 15 motor
15 motor 16 sequence
15 motor 17 is
16 sequence 17 is
18 compromised 19 in
19 in 24 and
20 the 23 brain
21 aging 23 brain
22 concussed 23 brain
23 brain 24 and
24 and 25 that
24 and 28 underpinnings
24 and 30 implicate
26 its 28 underpinnings
27 physiological 28 underpinnings
28 underpinnings 29 could
29 could 30 implicate
30 implicate 32 reductions
30 implicate 37 with
31 disproportionate 32 reductions
32 reductions 33 of
33 of 36 concentrations
34 m1 36 concentrations
35 glutamate 36 concentrations
37 with 38 advancing
38 advancing 39 age

quality [improvement] ( qi ) initiatives are critical in the care of older adults who are more vulnerable to substandard care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 initiatives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 quality 4 qi
3 ( 4 qi
4 qi 5 )
4 qi 6 initiatives
6 initiatives 7 are
7 are 8 critical
8 critical 9 in
8 critical 12 of
9 in 11 care
10 the 11 care
12 of 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
14 adults 15 who
14 adults 16 are
15 who 16 are
16 are 18 vulnerable
17 more 18 vulnerable
18 vulnerable 19 to
19 to 21 care
20 substandard 21 care

qi education meets aspects of core accreditation council of graduate medical education competencies and prepares learners for the rising focus on performance measurement in health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 qi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 core
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 qi 2 education
1 qi 5 of
1 qi 6 core
2 education 3 meets
3 meets 4 aspects
4 aspects 5 of
6 core 8 council
6 core 17 for
6 core 21 on
6 core 24 in
7 accreditation 8 council
8 council 9 of
8 council 14 and
9 of 12 education
10 graduate 11 medical
11 medical 12 education
13 competencies 14 and
14 and 15 prepares
14 and 16 learners
17 for 20 focus
18 the 20 focus
19 rising 20 focus
21 on 23 measurement
22 performance 23 measurement
24 in 26 care
25 health 26 care

the authors developed , implemented , and evaluated a qi curriculum for geriatrics fellows . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 7 and
3 developed 5 implemented
3 developed 7 and
4 , 5 implemented
5 implemented 6 ,
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 11 curriculum
9 a 11 curriculum
10 qi 11 curriculum
11 curriculum 12 for
12 for 14 fellows
13 geriatrics 14 fellows

the evidence - based curriculum included didactics and a fellow - led qi intervention based on audit [and] feedback through the practice improvement module in care of the vulnerable elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 evidence
2 evidence 8 and
2 evidence 12 led
3 - 8 and
4 based 7 didactics
5 curriculum 6 included
6 included 7 didactics
7 didactics 8 and
8 and 10 fellow
8 and 11 -
9 a 10 fellow
12 led 14 intervention
12 led 16 on
12 led 20 through
13 qi 14 intervention
14 intervention 15 based
16 on 19 feedback
17 audit 19 feedback
20 through 24 module
21 the 24 module
22 practice 23 improvement
23 improvement 24 module
24 module 25 in
24 module 27 of
25 in 26 care
27 of 30 elderly
28 the 30 elderly
29 vulnerable 30 elderly

qi knowledge , attitudes , and behaviors were assessed before and after the improvement project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 qi 2 knowledge
2 knowledge 3 ,
3 , 4 attitudes
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 7 behaviors
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 assessed
9 assessed 11 and
10 before 11 and
11 and 12 after
12 after 15 project
13 the 15 project
14 improvement 15 project

fellows ' knowledge of qi improved ( p = [.] 0156 ) , but behavior did not change significantly across a short - term improvement project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 fellows 2 '
2 ' 3 knowledge
3 knowledge 4 of
3 knowledge 6 improved
4 of 5 qi
6 improved 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 p 9 =
9 = 11 0156
9 = 12 )
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 behavior
14 but 18 change
15 behavior 16 did
16 did 17 not
16 did 18 change
18 change 19 significantly
18 change 20 across
20 across 26 project
21 a 22 short
21 a 26 project
22 short 23 -
22 short 24 term
24 term 26 project
25 improvement 26 project

a structured focus group with fellows revealed themes of accountability and the importance of interprofessional teamwork in qi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 4 group
2 structured 3 focus
3 focus 4 group
4 group 5 with
4 group 7 revealed
5 with 6 fellows
7 revealed 8 themes
7 revealed 17 in
8 themes 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 accountability 11 and
11 and 13 importance
11 and 14 of
12 the 13 importance
14 of 16 teamwork
15 interprofessional 16 teamwork
17 in 18 qi

qi education for geriatrics fellows can be feasible , well received , and prepare future physician leaders for patient - centered care , performance measurement , and effecting systems change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 qi 2 education
2 education 3 for
2 education 6 can
3 for 5 fellows
4 geriatrics 5 fellows
6 can 13 and
7 be 11 received
7 be 13 and
8 feasible 9 ,
8 feasible 10 well
10 well 11 received
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 prepare
14 prepare 17 leaders
15 future 17 leaders
16 physician 17 leaders
17 leaders 18 for
17 leaders 25 measurement
18 for 22 care
19 patient 20 -
19 patient 22 care
21 centered 22 care
23 , 25 measurement
24 performance 25 measurement
25 measurement 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 systems
27 and 30 change
28 effecting 29 systems
29 systems 30 change

the goals of this study were to determine the learning impact of an assignment that consisted of interviewing and analyzing older people 's life stories , and to explore [how] the assignment was evaluated by students . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 goals
2 goals 3 of
2 goals 6 were
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 19 and
9 the 11 impact
10 learning 11 impact
11 impact 12 of
11 impact 19 and
12 of 14 assignment
13 an 14 assignment
14 assignment 15 that
14 assignment 16 consisted
15 that 16 consisted
16 consisted 17 of
17 of 18 interviewing
19 and 25 stories
19 and 26 ,
20 analyzing 22 people
21 older 22 people
22 people 23 's
23 's 25 stories
24 life 25 stories
27 and 28 to
27 and 34 evaluated
28 to 29 explore
28 to 33 was
29 explore 32 assignment
31 the 32 assignment
33 was 34 evaluated
34 evaluated 35 by
35 by 36 students

participants in the study were 122 first - year social education students enrolled in an adult development and aging course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 participants 2 in
1 participants 5 were
2 in 4 study
3 the 4 study
5 were 6 122
5 were 7 first
8 - 18 and
9 year 10 social
10 social 12 students
11 education 12 students
12 students 13 enrolled
12 students 18 and
13 enrolled 14 in
14 in 17 development
15 an 17 development
16 adult 17 development
18 and 20 course
19 aging 20 course

they evaluated the assignment using an eight [-] adjective questionnaire and were asked about the benefits of the task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 they 11 and
2 evaluated 4 assignment
2 evaluated 11 and
3 the 4 assignment
4 assignment 5 using
5 using 10 questionnaire
6 an 10 questionnaire
7 eight 9 adjective
9 adjective 10 questionnaire
11 and 12 were
12 were 13 asked
13 asked 14 about
14 about 16 benefits
15 the 16 benefits
16 benefits 17 of
17 of 19 task
18 the 19 task

their answers to the questionnaire were then reviewed using content analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 answers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 their 2 answers
2 answers 3 to
2 answers 6 were
3 to 5 questionnaire
4 the 5 questionnaire
6 were 8 reviewed
7 then 8 reviewed
8 reviewed 9 using
9 using 11 analysis
10 content 11 analysis

the results indicated that marks on the life story assignment predicted marks on an exam about basic course concepts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 5 marks
4 that 11 predicted
5 marks 6 on
5 marks 11 predicted
6 on 10 assignment
7 the 10 assignment
8 life 10 assignment
9 story 10 assignment
11 predicted 12 marks
11 predicted 13 on
11 predicted 16 about
13 on 15 exam
14 an 15 exam
16 about 19 concepts
17 basic 18 course
18 course 19 concepts

students considered that the assignment was interesting , useful , [and] integrated into the course , although most of them also thought that it was [very] time - consuming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 students
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 students 2 considered
2 considered 3 that
3 that 5 assignment
3 that 6 was
4 the 5 assignment
5 assignment 6 was
6 was 7 interesting
8 , 24 it
8 , 25 was
8 , 28 -
9 useful 12 integrated
9 useful 16 ,
9 useful 24 it
10 , 12 integrated
12 integrated 13 into
12 integrated 16 ,
13 into 15 course
14 the 15 course
17 although 18 most
17 although 22 thought
17 although 24 it
18 most 19 of
18 most 22 thought
19 of 20 them
21 also 22 thought
22 thought 23 that
24 it 25 was
25 was 27 time
28 - 29 consuming

they identified benefits related to the explicit goals of the course ( improvement in the learning of developmental concepts , the acquisition of research - related skills , and the deactivation of aging stereotypes ) and personal , growth - related benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
1 they 2 identified
2 identified 3 benefits
2 identified 5 to
3 benefits 4 related
5 to 8 goals
6 the 8 goals
7 explicit 8 goals
8 goals 9 of
8 goals 22 acquisition
9 of 11 course
10 the 11 course
11 course 13 improvement
12 ( 13 improvement
13 improvement 14 in
13 improvement 20 ,
14 in 16 learning
15 the 16 learning
16 learning 17 of
17 of 19 concepts
18 developmental 19 concepts
20 , 22 acquisition
21 the 22 acquisition
22 acquisition 23 of
22 acquisition 25 -
23 of 24 research
25 - 26 related
26 related 36 and
27 skills 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 deactivation
29 and 35 )
29 and 36 and
30 the 31 deactivation
31 deactivation 32 of
32 of 33 aging
33 aging 34 stereotypes
36 and 39 growth
37 personal 38 ,
37 personal 39 growth
40 - 42 benefits
40 - 43 .
41 related 42 benefits

the authors discuss the difficulties posed by the assignment and its usefulness as a complement to more traditional , lecture - based teaching methods in adult development and aging courses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 discuss
3 discuss 20 lecture
4 the 20 lecture
5 difficulties 6 posed
5 difficulties 10 and
6 posed 7 by
7 by 9 assignment
8 the 9 assignment
10 and 12 usefulness
10 and 13 as
10 and 20 lecture
11 its 12 usefulness
13 as 15 complement
14 a 15 complement
15 complement 16 to
16 to 17 more
18 traditional 19 ,
18 traditional 20 lecture
21 - 28 and
21 - 31 .
22 based 23 teaching
23 teaching 24 methods
24 methods 25 in
24 methods 28 and
25 in 27 development
26 adult 27 development
28 and 30 courses
29 aging 30 courses

medical schools must consider innovative ways to ensure that graduates are prepared to care for the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 schools
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 medical 2 schools
2 schools 3 must
3 must 4 consider
4 consider 6 ways
4 consider 7 to
4 consider 13 to
4 consider 14 care
5 innovative 6 ways
7 to 8 ensure
8 ensure 9 that
9 that 10 graduates
9 that 11 are
10 graduates 11 are
11 are 12 prepared
13 to 14 care
14 care 15 for
15 for 18 population
16 the 18 population
17 aging 18 population

one way is to offer a geriatrics clerkship as an option for the fulfillment of a medical school 's internal medicine rotation requirement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 way
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 one 2 way
2 way 3 is
3 is 4 to
3 is 5 offer
4 to 5 offer
5 offer 8 clerkship
5 offer 9 as
6 a 8 clerkship
7 geriatrics 8 clerkship
9 as 11 option
9 as 19 's
10 an 11 option
11 option 12 for
11 option 19 's
12 for 14 fulfillment
13 the 14 fulfillment
14 fulfillment 15 of
15 of 18 school
16 a 17 medical
16 a 18 school
17 medical 18 school
19 's 23 requirement
20 internal 21 medicine
21 medicine 23 requirement
22 rotation 23 requirement

the authors ' purpose was to evaluate the geriatrics clerkship's impact on internal medicine knowledge and medical student attitudes toward older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 '
3 ' 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 was
5 was 6 to
5 was 7 evaluate
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 geriatrics
7 evaluate 10 clerkship's
8 the 9 geriatrics
9 geriatrics 10 clerkship's
10 clerkship's 11 impact
10 clerkship's 12 on
12 on 16 and
13 internal 14 medicine
14 medicine 15 knowledge
15 knowledge 16 and
16 and 19 attitudes
16 and 20 toward
17 medical 18 student
18 student 19 attitudes
20 toward 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

mean national board of medical examiners ( nbme ) internal medicine subject exam scores from geriatrics and internal medicine students who matriculated from 2005 to 2011 were compared using student ['s] [t] - tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 student
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 mean 2 national
2 national 3 board
3 board 4 of
3 board 17 and
4 of 14 scores
5 medical 6 examiners
6 examiners 8 nbme
7 ( 8 nbme
8 nbme 9 )
8 nbme 14 scores
10 internal 12 subject
11 medicine 12 subject
12 subject 14 scores
13 exam 14 scores
14 scores 15 from
15 from 16 geriatrics
17 and 19 medicine
17 and 20 students
17 and 27 were
17 and 28 compared
17 and 30 student
18 internal 19 medicine
20 students 21 who
20 students 22 matriculated
20 students 27 were
21 who 22 matriculated
22 matriculated 25 to
23 from 25 to
24 2005 25 to
25 to 26 2011
29 using 30 student
33 - 34 tests
33 - 35 .

academic performance was controlled for using the united states medical licensing exam step 1 exam scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 controlled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 academic 2 performance
2 performance 3 was
3 was 4 controlled
4 controlled 5 for
5 for 6 using
6 using 13 step
7 the 13 step
8 united 9 states
9 states 10 medical
10 medical 11 licensing
11 licensing 12 exam
12 exam 13 step
13 step 15 exam
13 step 16 scores
14 1 15 exam
15 exam 16 scores

focus groups were conducted to explore student attitudes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 focus 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 to
5 to 6 explore
6 explore 8 attitudes
7 student 8 attitudes

geriatrics students performed just as well on the nbme exam as their internal medicine colleagues , but reported greater comfort with elder care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 students
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 geriatrics 2 students
2 students 17 but
3 performed 4 just
3 performed 17 but
4 just 5 as
4 just 7 on
4 just 11 as
5 as 6 well
7 on 10 exam
8 the 10 exam
9 nbme 10 exam
11 as 15 colleagues
12 their 15 colleagues
13 internal 14 medicine
14 medicine 15 colleagues
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 reported
18 reported 20 comfort
18 reported 21 with
19 greater 20 comfort
21 with 23 care
22 elder 23 care

geriatrics students also reported more positive attitudes toward older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 students
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 geriatrics 2 students
2 students 4 reported
3 also 4 reported
4 reported 7 attitudes
4 reported 8 toward
5 more 6 positive
6 positive 7 attitudes
8 toward 10 adults
9 older 10 adults

completing an internal medicine requirement using a geriatrics clerkship is an innovation for medical school curriculum structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 completing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 completing 5 requirement
1 completing 6 using
1 completing 10 is
2 an 3 internal
2 an 5 requirement
3 internal 4 medicine
4 medicine 5 requirement
6 using 9 clerkship
7 a 9 clerkship
8 geriatrics 9 clerkship
10 is 12 innovation
11 an 12 innovation
12 innovation 13 for
13 for 17 structure
14 medical 15 school
15 school 17 structure
16 curriculum 17 structure

to explore the experience of leaving cuba , 2 cuban american émigrés interviewed 20 cuban exiles aged 65 or older , who left cuba between 1959 and 1971 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 2 explore
2 explore 4 experience
3 the 4 experience
4 experience 5 of
5 of 6 leaving
6 leaving 7 cuba
7 cuba 12 émigrés
8 , 12 émigrés
9 2 12 émigrés
10 cuban 12 émigrés
11 american 12 émigrés
12 émigrés 13 interviewed
12 émigrés 21 ,
13 interviewed 19 or
14 20 16 exiles
15 cuban 16 exiles
16 exiles 17 aged
16 exiles 19 or
17 aged 18 65
19 or 20 older
21 , 22 who
21 , 23 left
22 who 23 left
23 left 24 cuba
23 left 25 between
25 between 27 and
26 1959 27 and
27 and 28 1971

the interviews were conducted in new york and new jersey using a phenomenological approach ( moutsakas , 1994 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 interviews
2 interviews 3 were
3 were 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 in
5 in 8 and
6 new 7 york
7 york 8 and
8 and 10 jersey
8 and 11 using
9 new 10 jersey
11 using 14 approach
12 a 13 phenomenological
12 a 14 approach
13 phenomenological 14 approach
14 approach 16 moutsakas
14 approach 18 1994
15 ( 16 moutsakas
16 moutsakas 17 ,
17 , 18 1994
18 1994 19 )

themes included feeling betrayed by the revolution , the inevitability of leaving , the expectation of a temporary refuge , and longing for [and] idealizing the past . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 themes 2 included
1 themes 5 by
1 themes 21 and
2 included 4 betrayed
3 feeling 4 betrayed
5 by 7 revolution
6 the 7 revolution
7 revolution 10 inevitability
7 revolution 15 expectation
8 , 10 inevitability
9 the 10 inevitability
10 inevitability 11 of
10 inevitability 13 ,
11 of 12 leaving
13 , 15 expectation
14 the 15 expectation
15 expectation 16 of
15 expectation 20 ,
16 of 19 refuge
17 a 19 refuge
18 temporary 19 refuge
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 longing
21 and 23 for
23 for 25 idealizing
25 idealizing 27 past
26 the 27 past

the psychological presence that participants expressed , along with an endless sense of loss , resonates with ambiguous loss theory ( boss , 2006 ) - themes that have yet to be explored in the literature and that have research and practice implications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 resonates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 the 3 presence
2 psychological 3 presence
3 presence 4 that
3 presence 6 expressed
3 presence 16 resonates
4 that 5 participants
4 that 6 expressed
5 participants 6 expressed
6 expressed 9 with
7 , 9 with
8 along 9 with
9 with 12 sense
9 with 15 ,
10 an 11 endless
10 an 12 sense
11 endless 12 sense
12 sense 13 of
13 of 14 loss
16 resonates 17 with
17 with 20 theory
18 ambiguous 19 loss
19 loss 20 theory
20 theory 22 boss
21 ( 22 boss
22 boss 24 2006
22 boss 26 -
23 , 24 2006
24 2006 25 )
26 - 27 themes
26 - 41 and
26 - 44 .
27 themes 28 that
27 themes 29 have
27 themes 41 and
28 that 29 have
29 have 30 yet
29 have 31 to
29 have 33 explored
31 to 32 be
32 be 33 explored
33 explored 34 in
34 in 37 and
35 the 36 literature
36 literature 37 and
37 and 38 that
39 have 40 research
39 have 41 and
41 and 42 practice
42 practice 43 implications

objectives : to describe the current state of knowledge about detection and treatment of major depressive disorder ( mdd ) by family physicians ( fps ) , and to [identify] gaps in practice and current and future challenges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 12 and
4 describe 28 and
5 the 7 state
6 current 7 state
7 state 8 of
7 state 12 and
8 of 9 knowledge
9 knowledge 10 about
10 about 11 detection
12 and 13 treatment
12 and 14 of
12 and 19 mdd
14 of 17 disorder
15 major 17 disorder
16 depressive 17 disorder
18 ( 19 mdd
19 mdd 20 )
21 by 23 physicians
21 by 28 and
22 family 23 physicians
23 physicians 25 fps
24 ( 25 fps
25 fps 26 )
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 to
29 to 31 gaps
31 gaps 32 in
32 in 36 and
33 practice 34 and
34 and 35 current
34 and 36 and
36 and 38 challenges
37 future 38 challenges

methods : we reviewed the recent literature on mdd [(] diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition , or international classification of diseases , revision 10 ) in primary care , with an emphasis on systematic reviews and meta - analyses addressing prevalence , the impact of an aging population and [of] chronic disease on mdd rates in primary care , detection and treatment rates by fps , adequacy of treatment , and interventions that could improve recognition and treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reviewed
2 : 3 we
3 we 4 reviewed
4 reviewed 12 and
5 the 7 literature
6 recent 7 literature
7 literature 8 on
7 literature 12 and
8 on 11 diagnostic
9 mdd 11 diagnostic
12 and 14 manual
12 and 15 of
13 statistical 14 manual
15 of 22 or
16 mental 17 disorders
17 disorders 18 ,
18 , 20 edition
18 , 22 or
19 fourth 20 edition
21 , 22 or
22 or 24 classification
22 or 25 of
22 or 31 in
23 international 24 classification
25 of 26 diseases
26 diseases 28 revision
27 , 28 revision
28 revision 29 10
28 revision 30 )
31 in 32 primary
32 primary 33 care
32 primary 44 analyses
33 care 35 with
33 care 44 analyses
34 , 35 with
35 with 37 emphasis
35 with 43 -
36 an 37 emphasis
37 emphasis 38 on
38 on 41 and
39 systematic 40 reviews
40 reviews 41 and
41 and 42 meta
44 analyses 54 and
45 addressing 46 prevalence
46 prevalence 47 ,
47 , 49 impact
47 , 54 and
48 the 49 impact
49 impact 50 of
50 of 53 population
51 an 53 population
52 aging 53 population
54 and 56 chronic
54 and 57 disease
54 and 60 rates
57 disease 58 on
57 disease 60 rates
58 on 59 mdd
60 rates 61 in
60 rates 69 by
61 in 66 and
62 primary 63 care
63 care 64 ,
64 , 65 detection
64 , 66 and
66 and 68 rates
67 treatment 68 rates
69 by 70 fps
70 fps 82 and
71 , 82 and
72 adequacy 73 of
72 adequacy 76 and
73 of 74 treatment
75 , 76 and
76 and 77 interventions
76 and 78 that
76 and 79 could
76 and 82 and
78 that 79 could
79 could 80 improve
80 improve 81 recognition
82 and 83 treatment
82 and 84 .

results : about 10 % of primary care patients are likely to meet criteria for mdd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 about
2 : 10 are
2 : 17 .
3 about 5 %
3 about 10 are
4 10 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 8 care
7 primary 8 care
9 patients 10 are
10 are 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 13 meet
12 to 13 meet
13 meet 14 criteria
13 meet 15 for
15 for 16 mdd

the number of cases will increase as the baby boomer cohort ages and as the prevalence [of] chronic disease increases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 4 cases
3 of 4 cases
4 cases 5 will
5 will 6 increase
6 increase 7 as
7 as 12 ages
8 the 12 ages
9 baby 10 boomer
10 boomer 12 ages
11 cohort 12 ages
13 and 19 disease
13 and 20 increases
14 as 16 prevalence
14 as 19 disease
15 the 16 prevalence
18 chronic 19 disease
19 disease 20 increases

the bidirectional relation between mdd and chronic disease is now firmly established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 relation
2 bidirectional 3 relation
3 relation 4 between
3 relation 9 is
4 between 6 and
5 mdd 6 and
6 and 8 disease
7 chronic 8 disease
9 is 10 now
9 is 12 established
11 firmly 12 established

detection and treatment rates in primary care remain low . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 detection 2 and
2 and 4 rates
2 and 5 in
2 and 8 remain
3 treatment 4 rates
5 in 7 care
6 primary 7 care
8 remain 9 low

treatment quality is frequently inadequate in terms of [follow] - up and monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 treatment 2 quality
2 quality 3 is
3 is 4 frequently
3 is 5 inadequate
5 inadequate 6 in
6 in 12 and
7 terms 8 of
7 terms 12 and
8 of 11 up
10 - 11 up
12 and 13 monitoring

formal case management and collaborative care interventions are likely to provide some benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 formal 2 case
2 case 3 management
3 management 4 and
4 and 6 care
4 and 7 interventions
4 and 11 provide
5 collaborative 6 care
7 interventions 8 are
8 are 9 likely
9 likely 10 to
9 likely 11 provide
10 to 11 provide
11 provide 13 benefits
12 some 13 benefits

conclusions : low detection rates and low treatment rates need to be addressed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 low
3 low 5 rates
4 detection 5 rates
6 and 9 rates
6 and 10 need
7 low 9 rates
8 treatment 9 rates
9 rates 10 need
10 need 11 to
10 need 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 addressed

planned reassessment may improve detection rates when the fp is uncertain whether mdd is present , but further research is needed to determine why fps frequently do not initiate treatment , even when mdd is detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reassessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 planned 2 reassessment
2 reassessment 3 may
3 may 4 improve
4 improve 6 rates
4 improve 7 when
5 detection 6 rates
7 when 9 fp
7 when 10 is
8 the 9 fp
9 fp 10 is
10 is 11 uncertain
11 uncertain 12 whether
12 whether 13 mdd
12 whether 14 is
13 mdd 14 is
14 is 15 present
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 research
17 but 21 needed
18 further 19 research
19 research 20 is
20 is 21 needed
21 needed 22 to
22 to 23 determine
23 determine 24 why
23 determine 33 when
24 why 25 fps
24 why 31 ,
25 fps 27 do
26 frequently 27 do
27 do 28 not
27 do 31 ,
29 initiate 30 treatment
29 initiate 31 ,
31 , 32 even
33 when 34 mdd
33 when 35 is
34 mdd 35 is
35 is 36 detected

[a] caring , attentive fp who monitors depressed patients is likely to have considerable placebo effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 caring 3 ,
2 caring 5 fp
4 attentive 5 fp
5 fp 6 who
5 fp 7 monitors
5 fp 10 is
6 who 7 monitors
7 monitors 9 patients
8 depressed 9 patients
10 is 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 13 have
12 to 13 have
13 have 16 effect
14 considerable 15 placebo
15 placebo 16 effect

greater focus on integrated [,] concurrent treatment for mdd and chronic physical diseases in the middle - aged and elderly is also required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 greater 2 focus
2 focus 3 on
2 focus 8 for
2 focus 21 is
3 on 7 treatment
4 integrated 7 treatment
6 concurrent 7 treatment
8 for 19 and
9 mdd 10 and
10 and 13 diseases
10 and 17 -
10 and 18 aged
10 and 19 and
11 chronic 13 diseases
12 physical 13 diseases
13 diseases 14 in
14 in 16 middle
15 the 16 middle
19 and 20 elderly
21 is 22 also
21 is 23 required

background : texture within biological specimens may reveal critical insights , while being very difficult to quantify . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 texture
2 : 8 reveal
3 texture 4 within
3 texture 7 may
4 within 6 specimens
5 biological 6 specimens
7 may 8 reveal
8 reveal 10 insights
8 reveal 12 while
9 critical 10 insights
11 , 12 while
12 while 13 being
12 while 18 .
13 being 15 difficult
14 very 15 difficult
15 difficult 16 to
15 difficult 17 quantify
16 to 17 quantify

this is a particular problem in histological analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 problem
3 a 4 particular
3 a 5 problem
4 particular 5 problem
5 problem 6 in
6 in 8 analysis
7 histological 8 analysis

for example , cross - polar images of picrosirius stained skin reveal exquisite structure , allowing changes in the basketweave conformation of healthy collagen to be assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 4 cross
5 - 7 images
5 - 12 reveal
6 polar 7 images
7 images 8 of
7 images 12 reveal
8 of 11 skin
9 picrosirius 10 stained
10 stained 11 skin
12 reveal 14 structure
13 exquisite 14 structure
14 structure 16 allowing
15 , 16 allowing
16 allowing 17 changes
16 allowing 18 in
16 allowing 25 to
16 allowing 27 assessed
16 allowing 28 .
18 in 21 conformation
19 the 21 conformation
20 basketweave 21 conformation
21 conformation 22 of
22 of 24 collagen
23 healthy 24 collagen
25 to 26 be
26 be 27 assessed

existing techniques measure gross pathological changes , [such] [as] fibrosis , but [are] not [sufficiently] sensitive to detect more subtle and progressive pathological changes in the dermis , such as those seen in ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 detect
1 existing 2 techniques
2 techniques 3 measure
3 measure 12 but
3 measure 17 to
4 gross 6 changes
5 pathological 6 changes
6 changes 7 ,
7 , 10 fibrosis
7 , 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 14 not
12 but 16 sensitive
17 to 18 detect
18 detect 24 changes
18 detect 30 as
19 more 24 changes
20 subtle 21 and
21 and 22 progressive
21 and 24 changes
23 pathological 24 changes
24 changes 25 in
25 in 27 dermis
26 the 27 dermis
28 , 30 as
29 such 30 as
30 as 31 those
30 as 35 .
31 those 32 seen
32 seen 33 in
33 in 34 ageing

moreover , screening methods for cutaneous therapeutics require accurate , unsupervised and high - throughput image analysis techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 image
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 methods
3 screening 4 methods
4 methods 5 for
4 methods 8 require
5 for 7 therapeutics
6 cutaneous 7 therapeutics
8 require 15 throughput
8 require 16 image
9 accurate 12 and
9 accurate 14 -
9 accurate 15 throughput
10 , 12 and
11 unsupervised 12 and
12 and 13 high
12 and 14 -
16 image 18 techniques
17 analysis 18 techniques

results : by analyzing spectra of images post gabor filtering and fast fourier transform , we were able to measure subtle changes in collagen fibre orientation intractable to existing techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 8 post
3 by 4 analyzing
3 by 8 post
4 analyzing 5 spectra
5 spectra 6 of
6 of 7 images
8 post 11 and
9 gabor 10 filtering
9 gabor 11 and
11 and 14 transform
11 and 15 ,
11 and 16 we
11 and 20 measure
12 fast 13 fourier
13 fourier 14 transform
16 we 17 were
17 were 18 able
18 able 19 to
19 to 20 measure
20 measure 22 changes
21 subtle 22 changes
22 changes 23 in
23 in 26 orientation
24 collagen 25 fibre
25 fibre 26 orientation
26 orientation 27 intractable
27 intractable 28 to
28 to 29 existing
29 existing 30 techniques

we detected the progressive loss of collagen basketweave structure in a series of chronologically aged skin samples , as well as in skin derived from a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 detected
2 detected 5 loss
2 detected 10 in
2 detected 25 from
3 the 5 loss
4 progressive 5 loss
5 loss 6 of
6 of 9 structure
7 collagen 9 structure
8 basketweave 9 structure
10 in 12 series
11 a 12 series
12 series 13 of
12 series 24 derived
13 of 17 samples
14 chronologically 15 aged
15 aged 16 skin
16 skin 17 samples
18 , 19 as
19 as 20 well
19 as 24 derived
20 well 21 as
20 well 24 derived
21 as 22 in
22 in 23 skin
25 from 27 model
26 a 27 model
27 model 28 of
28 of 32 mellitus
29 type 32 mellitus
30 2 32 mellitus
31 diabetes 32 mellitus

conclusions : we describe a novel bioimaging approach with implications for the evaluation of pathology in a broader range of biological situations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 describe
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 8 approach
4 describe 9 with
4 describe 16 in
5 a 8 approach
6 novel 8 approach
7 bioimaging 8 approach
9 with 10 implications
10 implications 11 for
10 implications 14 of
11 for 13 evaluation
12 the 13 evaluation
14 of 15 pathology
16 in 19 range
17 a 19 range
18 broader 19 range
19 range 20 of
20 of 22 situations
21 biological 22 situations

the rhythms of activity across the 24 - h sleep [-] wake cycle , determined in part by the circadian clock , change with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rhythms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 rhythms
2 rhythms 3 of
2 rhythms 23 change
3 of 4 activity
4 activity 5 across
5 across 13 cycle
6 the 13 cycle
7 24 8 -
8 - 9 h
8 - 13 cycle
10 sleep 13 cycle
12 wake 13 cycle
13 cycle 15 determined
14 , 15 determined
15 determined 17 part
15 determined 22 ,
16 in 17 part
17 part 18 by
18 by 21 clock
19 the 21 clock
20 circadian 21 clock
23 change 24 with
24 with 25 aging

few large - scale studies measured the activity rhythm objectively in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 few 5 studies
2 large 3 -
2 large 4 scale
4 scale 5 studies
5 studies 6 measured
6 measured 9 rhythm
6 measured 10 objectively
6 measured 11 in
7 the 9 rhythm
8 activity 9 rhythm
11 in 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 general 14 population

the present population - based study in middle [-] aged and elderly persons evaluated how activity rhythms change with age , and additionally investigated sociodemographics , mental health , lifestyle , and sleep characteristics as determinants of rhythms of activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 3 population
2 present 3 population
4 - 6 study
4 - 14 evaluated
5 based 6 study
6 study 7 in
6 study 14 evaluated
7 in 13 persons
8 middle 13 persons
10 aged 11 and
11 and 12 elderly
11 and 13 persons
14 evaluated 15 how
14 evaluated 35 as
15 how 17 rhythms
15 how 22 and
16 activity 17 rhythms
17 rhythms 22 and
18 change 19 with
18 change 22 and
19 with 20 age
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 investigated
23 additionally 24 investigated
24 investigated 32 and
25 sociodemographics 26 ,
26 , 28 health
26 , 29 ,
27 mental 28 health
29 , 30 lifestyle
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 characteristics
33 sleep 34 characteristics
35 as 36 determinants
36 determinants 37 of
37 of 38 rhythms
38 rhythms 39 of
39 of 40 activity

activity rhythms were measured objectively with actigraphy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rhythms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 activity 2 rhythms
2 rhythms 3 were
3 were 4 measured
4 measured 5 objectively
4 measured 6 with
6 with 7 actigraphy

recordings of at least 96 h ( 138 ± [14] h , mean ± sd ) were collected from 1734 people ( age : 62 ± 9.4 yrs [ )(participating in the rotterdam study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recordings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 :
1 recordings 2 of
1 recordings 11 h
1 recordings 15 sd
1 recordings 17 were
2 of 6 h
3 at 4 least
4 least 5 96
5 96 6 h
7 ( 11 h
8 138 11 h
9 ± 11 h
11 h 12 ,
12 , 15 sd
13 mean 15 sd
14 ± 15 sd
15 sd 16 )
17 were 18 collected
18 collected 19 from
19 from 21 people
20 1734 21 people
21 people 23 age
22 ( 23 age
23 age 24 :
24 : 25 62
24 : 26 ±
24 : 35 .
25 62 26 ±
26 ± 30 )(participating
27 9.4 28 yrs
28 yrs 30 )(participating
30 )(participating 31 in
31 in 34 study
32 the 34 study
33 rotterdam 34 study

activity rhythms were quantified by calculating interdaily stability , i.e . [,] the stability of the rhythm over days , and [intradaily] variability , i.e [.] , the fragmentation of the rhythm relative to its 24 - h amplitude . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rhythms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 activity 2 rhythms
2 rhythms 3 were
3 were 4 quantified
4 quantified 5 by
4 quantified 9 ,
4 quantified 10 i.e
5 by 6 calculating
6 calculating 7 interdaily
6 calculating 8 stability
11 . 21 and
13 the 14 stability
14 stability 15 of
14 stability 18 over
14 stability 21 and
15 of 17 rhythm
16 the 17 rhythm
18 over 19 days
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 variability
21 and 25 i.e
21 and 29 fragmentation
24 , 25 i.e
25 i.e 27 ,
27 , 29 fragmentation
28 the 29 fragmentation
29 fragmentation 30 of
29 fragmentation 33 relative
29 fragmentation 40 .
30 of 32 rhythm
31 the 32 rhythm
33 relative 34 to
34 to 39 amplitude
35 its 39 amplitude
36 24 37 -
37 - 38 h
37 - 39 amplitude

we assessed age , gender , presence of a partner , employment , [cognitive] functioning , depressive symptoms , body mass index [(] bmi ) , coffee use , alcohol use , and smoking as determinants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 33 and
2 assessed 35 as
3 age 4 ,
4 , 5 gender
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 presence
6 , 33 and
7 presence 8 of
8 of 10 partner
9 a 10 partner
10 partner 12 employment
10 partner 15 functioning
10 partner 18 symptoms
11 , 12 employment
12 employment 13 ,
13 , 15 functioning
15 functioning 16 ,
16 , 18 symptoms
17 depressive 18 symptoms
18 symptoms 24 bmi
18 symptoms 28 use
18 symptoms 31 use
18 symptoms 32 ,
19 , 24 bmi
20 body 21 mass
21 mass 24 bmi
22 index 24 bmi
24 bmi 25 )
26 , 28 use
27 coffee 28 use
28 use 29 ,
29 , 31 use
30 alcohol 31 use
31 use 32 ,
33 and 34 smoking
35 as 36 determinants

the results indicate that older age is associated with a more stable 24 - h activity profile ( β [=] 0.07 , p = 0.02 ) , but also with a more [fragmented] distribution of periods of activity and inactivity [(] β = 0.20 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 age
4 that 8 associated
5 older 6 age
6 age 7 is
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 28 but
8 associated 30 with
8 associated 47 <
9 with 17 profile
10 a 17 profile
11 more 12 stable
12 stable 16 activity
13 24 14 -
14 - 15 h
14 - 16 activity
16 activity 17 profile
17 profile 19 β
18 ( 19 β
19 β 24 =
19 β 27 ,
21 0.07 24 =
22 , 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.02
24 = 26 )
28 but 29 also
30 with 42 β
30 with 44 0.20
31 a 42 β
32 more 34 distribution
34 distribution 35 of
34 distribution 39 and
35 of 36 periods
36 periods 37 of
37 of 38 activity
39 and 40 inactivity
39 and 42 β
43 = 44 0.20
45 , 47 <
46 p 47 <
47 < 48 0.001
47 < 49 )

having more depressive symptoms was related to less stable ( β [=] - 0.07 , p = 0.005 ) and more fragmented [(] β [=] 0.10 , p < 0.001 ) rhythms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 having 4 symptoms
1 having 5 was
2 more 3 depressive
3 depressive 4 symptoms
5 was 6 related
6 related 7 to
6 related 9 stable
7 to 8 less
9 stable 13 -
9 stable 17 =
10 ( 13 -
11 β 13 -
13 - 14 0.07
13 - 15 ,
16 p 17 =
17 = 18 0.005
17 = 19 )
20 and 21 more
20 and 22 fragmented
21 more 22 fragmented
22 fragmented 32 rhythms
24 β 29 <
24 β 31 )
24 β 32 rhythms
26 0.10 29 <
27 , 29 <
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.001
29 < 31 )

a high bmi and smoking were also associated with less stable rhythms ( bmi : β = - 0.11 , p < 0.001 ; smoking : β = - 0.11 , p < 0.001 ) and more fragmented rhythms ( bmi : β = 0.09 , p < 0.001 ; smoking : β = 0.11 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 high
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 a 2 high
2 high 4 and
2 high 6 were
2 high 8 associated
3 bmi 4 and
4 and 5 smoking
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 also
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 less
9 with 12 rhythms
11 stable 12 rhythms
12 rhythms 14 bmi
13 ( 14 bmi
14 bmi 15 :
15 : 16 β
15 : 17 =
15 : 24 ;
16 β 17 =
17 = 19 0.11
18 - 19 0.11
19 0.11 22 <
20 , 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.001
22 < 24 ;
24 ; 25 smoking
24 ; 26 :
26 : 27 β
26 : 28 =
26 : 36 and
26 : 42 :
27 β 28 =
28 = 30 0.11
28 = 33 <
29 - 30 0.11
31 , 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.001
33 < 35 )
36 and 37 more
36 and 38 fragmented
37 more 38 fragmented
38 fragmented 39 rhythms
39 rhythms 41 bmi
40 ( 41 bmi
41 bmi 42 :
42 : 43 β
42 : 44 =
42 : 50 ;
42 : 52 :
43 β 44 =
44 = 45 0.09
45 0.09 48 <
46 , 48 <
47 p 48 <
48 < 49 0.001
48 < 50 ;
50 ; 51 smoking
52 : 53 β
52 : 54 =
52 : 61 .
53 β 54 =
54 = 55 0.11
55 0.11 58 <
56 , 58 <
57 p 58 <
58 < 59 0.001
58 < 60 )

we conclude that with older age the 24 - h activity rhythm becomes more rigid , whereas the ability to maintain either an active or inactive state for a longer period of time is compromised . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 12 rhythm
3 that 13 becomes
4 with 6 age
4 with 12 rhythm
5 older 6 age
7 the 12 rhythm
8 24 9 -
9 - 10 h
9 - 11 activity
11 activity 12 rhythm
12 rhythm 13 becomes
13 becomes 15 rigid
14 more 15 rigid
15 rigid 17 whereas
16 , 17 whereas
17 whereas 19 ability
17 whereas 35 compromised
17 whereas 36 .
18 the 19 ability
19 ability 20 to
19 ability 21 maintain
19 ability 35 compromised
20 to 21 maintain
21 maintain 22 either
21 maintain 27 state
21 maintain 34 is
23 an 27 state
24 active 25 or
25 or 26 inactive
25 or 27 state
27 state 28 for
27 state 32 of
27 state 34 is
28 for 31 period
29 a 31 period
30 longer 31 period
32 of 33 time

both characteristics appear to be important for major health issues in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 both 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 appear
3 appear 4 to
3 appear 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 important
6 important 7 for
6 important 11 in
7 for 10 issues
8 major 9 health
9 health 10 issues
11 in 13 age
12 old 13 age

this study evaluated readiness to change drug use in young adult patients aged 18 - 25 years who were provided screening and brief intervention as part of a substance abuse and mental health services administration ( samhsa ) treatment capacity expansion project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 readiness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 this 4 readiness
2 study 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 4 readiness
4 readiness 5 to
4 readiness 6 change
4 readiness 13 aged
5 to 6 change
6 change 8 use
6 change 9 in
7 drug 8 use
9 in 12 patients
10 young 12 patients
11 adult 12 patients
13 aged 24 intervention
13 aged 25 as
14 18 15 -
15 - 16 25
15 - 24 intervention
17 years 18 who
17 years 19 were
17 years 22 and
18 who 19 were
19 were 21 screening
20 provided 21 screening
22 and 23 brief
22 and 24 intervention
25 as 26 part
26 part 27 of
27 of 42 project
28 a 42 project
29 substance 30 abuse
30 abuse 31 and
31 and 32 mental
32 mental 33 health
33 health 34 services
34 services 35 administration
35 administration 37 samhsa
36 ( 37 samhsa
37 samhsa 38 )
37 samhsa 39 treatment
39 treatment 40 capacity
40 capacity 41 expansion
41 expansion 42 project

[non] - treatment - seeking young adults at risk for drug problems ( n = 1,560 ) were assessed for readiness to change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 - 3 treatment
3 treatment 5 seeking
3 treatment 18 were
4 - 5 seeking
5 seeking 7 adults
5 seeking 17 )
6 young 7 adults
7 adults 8 at
7 adults 10 for
8 at 9 risk
10 for 12 problems
11 drug 12 problems
12 problems 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 1,560
18 were 19 assessed
19 assessed 20 for
20 for 21 readiness
21 readiness 22 to
21 readiness 23 change
22 to 23 change

structural equation modeling examined latent constructs : emotional distress , age , drug use severity , criminal behavior , gender , and race/ethnicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 structural 2 equation
2 equation 3 modeling
3 modeling 4 examined
4 examined 6 constructs
5 latent 6 constructs
7 : 22 and
7 : 24 .
8 emotional 9 distress
9 distress 10 ,
10 , 11 age
10 , 12 ,
12 , 15 severity
12 , 16 ,
13 drug 15 severity
14 use 15 severity
16 , 18 behavior
16 , 19 ,
17 criminal 18 behavior
19 , 20 gender
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 race/ethnicity

drug use severity fully mediated the relationship between emotional distress and readiness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 drug 3 severity
2 use 3 severity
3 severity 5 mediated
4 fully 5 mediated
5 mediated 7 relationship
5 mediated 8 between
6 the 7 relationship
8 between 11 and
9 emotional 10 distress
10 distress 11 and
11 and 12 readiness

in addition , females and young adults with more severe drug problems may be more amenable to behavior change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 5 and
1 in 14 be
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 4 females
3 , 5 and
5 and 7 adults
5 and 8 with
6 young 7 adults
8 with 9 more
10 severe 11 drug
11 drug 12 problems
12 problems 13 may
13 may 14 be
14 be 16 amenable
15 more 16 amenable
16 amenable 17 to
17 to 19 change
18 behavior 19 change

age - related macular degeneration ( armd ) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 age 9 is
2 - 3 related
3 related 5 degeneration
3 related 8 )
3 related 9 is
4 macular 5 degeneration
5 degeneration 7 armd
6 ( 7 armd
7 armd 8 )
9 is 12 cause
10 the 12 cause
11 leading 12 cause
12 cause 13 of
13 of 15 blindness
14 irreversible 15 blindness
15 blindness 16 in
16 in 18 countries
17 developed 18 countries

there are currently no cures , but there are promising potential therapies that target the underlying disease mechanisms of dry armd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 currently
2 are 5 cures
4 no 5 cures
6 , 7 but
6 , 9 are
7 but 8 there
7 but 9 are
9 are 12 therapies
10 promising 12 therapies
11 potential 12 therapies
12 therapies 13 that
12 therapies 14 target
13 that 14 target
14 target 18 mechanisms
15 the 18 mechanisms
16 underlying 17 disease
17 disease 18 mechanisms
18 mechanisms 19 of
19 of 21 armd
20 dry 21 armd

stem cells , ciliary neurotrophic factor , rheopheresis , ozonated autohemotherapy and prostaglandins show promise in stabilizing or improving visual acuity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 stem 2 cells
2 cells 3 ,
3 , 6 factor
3 , 7 ,
4 ciliary 6 factor
5 neurotrophic 6 factor
7 , 8 rheopheresis
7 , 9 ,
9 , 11 autohemotherapy
9 , 12 and
10 ozonated 11 autohemotherapy
12 and 13 prostaglandins
12 and 14 show
14 show 18 or
15 promise 16 in
15 promise 18 or
16 in 17 stabilizing
18 or 21 acuity
19 improving 21 acuity
20 visual 21 acuity

age - related eye disease study vitamins may reduce progression to severe armd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 related
2 - 3 related
3 related 6 study
3 related 14 .
4 eye 5 disease
5 disease 6 study
6 study 7 vitamins
6 study 9 reduce
7 vitamins 8 may
8 may 9 reduce
9 reduce 10 progression
9 reduce 11 to
11 to 13 armd
12 severe 13 armd

adjuvant therapy like low vision rehabilitation and implantable miniature telescopes may help patients adjust to the sequelae of their disease , and herbal supplementation with saffron , zinc monocysteine and phototrop may be helpful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 adjuvant 2 therapy
2 therapy 3 like
2 therapy 10 telescopes
2 therapy 14 adjust
2 therapy 32 may
3 like 7 and
4 low 6 rehabilitation
5 vision 6 rehabilitation
6 rehabilitation 7 and
7 and 9 miniature
8 implantable 9 miniature
10 telescopes 11 may
11 may 12 help
12 help 13 patients
12 help 14 adjust
14 adjust 15 to
14 adjust 25 with
15 to 17 sequelae
16 the 17 sequelae
17 sequelae 18 of
18 of 22 and
19 their 20 disease
20 disease 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 supplementation
23 herbal 24 supplementation
25 with 30 and
26 saffron 27 ,
27 , 29 monocysteine
27 , 30 and
28 zinc 29 monocysteine
30 and 31 phototrop
32 may 33 be
33 be 34 helpful

therapies that are currently in clinical trials include brimonidine , doxycycline , anti - amyloid antibodies ( gsk933776 and rn6g ) , rpe65 [inhibitor] ( acu - 4429 ) , complement inhibitors ( arc1905 , fcfd4514s ) , hydroxychloroquine , intravitreal fluocinolone acetate and vasodilators like sildenafil , moxaverine and mc - 1101 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 therapies 2 that
1 therapies 3 are
1 therapies 30 ,
2 that 3 are
3 are 4 currently
3 are 5 in
5 in 7 trials
6 clinical 7 trials
8 include 9 brimonidine
8 include 30 ,
9 brimonidine 11 doxycycline
10 , 11 doxycycline
11 doxycycline 16 antibodies
11 doxycycline 29 )
12 , 16 antibodies
13 anti 14 -
13 anti 15 amyloid
15 amyloid 16 antibodies
16 antibodies 19 and
16 antibodies 26 acu
16 antibodies 28 4429
16 antibodies 29 )
17 ( 19 and
18 gsk933776 19 and
19 and 20 rn6g
19 and 21 )
22 , 26 acu
23 rpe65 26 acu
25 ( 26 acu
26 acu 27 -
27 - 28 4429
28 4429 29 )
30 , 31 complement
30 , 53 1101
31 complement 32 inhibitors
32 inhibitors 34 arc1905
32 inhibitors 44 and
33 ( 34 arc1905
34 arc1905 36 fcfd4514s
34 arc1905 37 )
35 , 36 fcfd4514s
36 fcfd4514s 37 )
38 , 44 and
39 hydroxychloroquine 40 ,
40 , 43 acetate
40 , 44 and
41 intravitreal 42 fluocinolone
42 fluocinolone 43 acetate
44 and 45 vasodilators
44 and 46 like
44 and 52 -
46 like 50 and
47 sildenafil 48 ,
48 , 49 moxaverine
48 , 50 and
50 and 51 mc

therapies that have not been shown to be effective include pot - 4 , eculizumab , tandospirone , anecortave acetate , the antioxidant ot - 551 , sirolimus and vitamin e . none the objective of this study was to identify differences between geriatricians and hospitalists in caring for hospitalized older adults , so [as] to inform faculty development programs that have the goal of improving older patient care [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 therapies 2 that
1 therapies 3 have
1 therapies 10 include
2 that 3 have
3 have 4 not
3 have 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 effective
10 include 11 pot
12 - 13 4
12 - 14 ,
12 - 15 eculizumab
12 - 16 ,
14 , 15 eculizumab
16 , 20 acetate
16 , 21 ,
17 tandospirone 18 ,
17 tandospirone 20 acetate
19 anecortave 20 acetate
21 , 24 ot
21 , 25 -
22 the 24 ot
23 antioxidant 24 ot
25 - 26 551
25 - 27 ,
25 - 32 .
27 , 29 and
28 sirolimus 29 and
29 and 30 vitamin
30 vitamin 31 e
32 . 33 none
33 none 35 objective
33 none 40 to
33 none 41 identify
34 the 35 objective
35 objective 36 of
35 objective 39 was
36 of 38 study
37 this 38 study
39 was 40 to
41 identify 45 and
42 differences 43 between
42 differences 45 and
43 between 44 geriatricians
45 and 46 hospitalists
45 and 56 to
46 hospitalists 47 in
47 in 48 caring
48 caring 49 for
49 for 52 adults
50 hospitalized 52 adults
51 older 52 adults
53 , 56 to
54 so 56 to
56 to 57 inform
57 inform 60 programs
57 inform 65 of
58 faculty 59 development
59 development 60 programs
60 programs 61 that
60 programs 62 have
61 that 62 have
62 have 64 goal
63 the 64 goal
65 of 69 care
66 improving 69 care
67 older 69 care
68 patient 69 care

eleven hospitalists and 13 geriatricians were surveyed regarding knowledge , confidence , and practice patterns in caring for hospitalized older adults , targeting areas previously defined as central to taking care of older hospitalized patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 eleven 2 hospitalists
2 hospitalists 3 and
3 and 5 geriatricians
3 and 6 were
4 13 5 geriatricians
6 were 13 and
7 surveyed 9 knowledge
7 surveyed 13 and
8 regarding 9 knowledge
9 knowledge 11 confidence
10 , 11 confidence
11 confidence 12 ,
13 and 14 practice
13 and 16 in
14 practice 15 patterns
16 in 17 caring
17 caring 18 for
17 caring 23 targeting
18 for 21 adults
19 hospitalized 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
22 , 23 targeting
23 targeting 24 areas
23 targeting 36 .
24 areas 26 defined
24 areas 28 central
24 areas 32 of
25 previously 26 defined
27 as 28 central
28 central 29 to
29 to 30 taking
30 taking 31 care
32 of 35 patients
33 older 35 patients
34 hospitalized 35 patients

overall , geriatricians had more confidence and more knowledge in caring for older hospitalized adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 geriatricians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 3 geriatricians
3 geriatricians 4 had
4 had 9 knowledge
4 had 10 in
5 more 9 knowledge
6 confidence 7 and
7 and 8 more
7 and 9 knowledge
10 in 11 caring
11 caring 12 for
12 for 15 adults
13 older 15 adults
14 hospitalized 15 adults

the areas in which hospitalists expressed the least confidence were in caring for patients with dementia , self - care issues , and care planning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 areas
2 areas 3 in
2 areas 10 were
3 in 4 which
3 in 5 hospitalists
3 in 6 expressed
5 hospitalists 6 expressed
6 expressed 8 least
6 expressed 9 confidence
7 the 8 least
10 were 11 in
10 were 15 with
11 in 12 caring
12 caring 13 for
13 for 14 patients
15 with 16 dementia
17 , 18 self
17 , 19 -
19 - 23 and
20 care 21 issues
21 issues 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 care
23 and 25 planning

geriatricians reported more routine medication reviews , functional and cognitive assessments , and fall evaluations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 geriatricians 6 reviews
2 reported 5 medication
3 more 4 routine
4 routine 5 medication
5 medication 6 reviews
6 reviews 7 ,
7 , 8 functional
7 , 9 and
9 and 11 assessments
9 and 13 and
10 cognitive 11 assessments
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 evaluations
14 fall 15 evaluations

geriatricians and hospitalists differ in their approach to older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 geriatricians 2 and
2 and 3 hospitalists
2 and 4 differ
4 differ 5 in
4 differ 8 to
5 in 7 approach
6 their 7 approach
8 to 10 adults
9 older 10 adults

where these differences reflect lack of knowledge or experience , they set the stage for developing curricula to help narrow these gaps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 set
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 where 3 differences
1 where 8 or
1 where 10 ,
1 where 11 they
2 these 3 differences
3 differences 8 or
4 reflect 5 lack
4 reflect 8 or
5 lack 6 of
6 of 7 knowledge
8 or 9 experience
11 they 12 set
12 set 14 stage
13 the 14 stage
14 stage 15 for
14 stage 17 curricula
15 for 16 developing
17 curricula 18 to
17 curricula 19 help
18 to 19 help
19 help 20 narrow
20 narrow 22 gaps
21 these 22 gaps

mitochondria [are] implicated in a variety of degenerative disorders and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 mitochondria 3 implicated
1 mitochondria 10 and
3 implicated 4 in
4 in 6 variety
5 a 6 variety
6 variety 7 of
7 of 9 disorders
8 degenerative 9 disorders
10 and 11 aging

mitochondria [are] responsive to the oxygen in their environment [,] yet tissue culture is performed at atmospheric ( 21 % ) oxygen and not at physiological ( 1 - 11 % ) oxygen levels found in tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 mitochondria 3 responsive
1 mitochondria 13 culture
1 mitochondria 14 is
1 mitochondria 15 performed
3 responsive 4 to
3 responsive 11 yet
4 to 6 oxygen
5 the 6 oxygen
6 oxygen 7 in
7 in 9 environment
8 their 9 environment
12 tissue 13 culture
13 culture 14 is
15 performed 23 and
16 at 22 oxygen
16 at 23 and
17 atmospheric 20 %
17 atmospheric 21 )
17 atmospheric 22 oxygen
18 ( 20 %
19 21 20 %
20 % 21 )
23 and 24 not
23 and 25 at
25 at 34 levels
26 physiological 31 %
26 physiological 33 oxygen
27 ( 31 %
28 1 29 -
29 - 30 11
29 - 31 %
31 % 32 )
33 oxygen 34 levels
34 levels 35 found
35 found 36 in
36 in 37 tissues

sh - sy5y cells cultured in physiological 5 % oxygen exhibited the lowest reactive oxygen species ( ros ) [production] , indicating that culture at 5 % oxygen is favored ; these results were mimicked in primary human cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 sh 2 -
1 sh 4 cells
3 sy5y 4 cells
4 cells 5 cultured
4 cells 11 exhibited
5 cultured 6 in
6 in 10 oxygen
7 physiological 10 oxygen
8 5 9 %
9 % 10 oxygen
11 exhibited 16 species
12 the 13 lowest
12 the 16 species
14 reactive 16 species
15 oxygen 16 species
16 species 18 ros
16 species 22 indicating
17 ( 18 ros
18 ros 19 )
21 , 22 indicating
22 indicating 23 that
22 indicating 31 ;
23 that 24 culture
23 that 30 favored
24 culture 25 at
24 culture 29 is
25 at 28 oxygen
26 5 27 %
27 % 28 oxygen
29 is 30 favored
31 ; 33 results
31 ; 35 mimicked
32 these 33 results
33 results 34 were
34 were 35 mimicked
35 mimicked 36 in
36 in 39 cells
37 primary 38 human
38 human 39 cells

mass spectrometric analysis revealed extensive mitochondrial proteomic alterations in sh - sy5y cells based on oxygen culture condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 mass 3 analysis
1 mass 15 on
2 spectrometric 3 analysis
3 analysis 14 based
4 revealed 8 alterations
4 revealed 9 in
4 revealed 11 -
4 revealed 13 cells
4 revealed 14 based
5 extensive 8 alterations
6 mitochondrial 8 alterations
7 proteomic 8 alterations
9 in 10 sh
12 sy5y 13 cells
13 cells 14 based
15 on 18 condition
16 oxygen 18 condition
17 culture 18 condition

among these , the rotenone - sensitive subunit of complex i ndufv3 was increased in cells cultured at 5 % oxygen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 subunit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 among 2 these
1 among 3 ,
1 among 8 subunit
4 the 8 subunit
5 rotenone 6 -
5 rotenone 8 subunit
7 sensitive 8 subunit
8 subunit 9 of
8 subunit 14 increased
9 of 10 complex
10 complex 11 i
10 complex 12 ndufv3
10 complex 13 was
12 ndufv3 13 was
14 increased 15 in
15 in 16 cells
16 cells 17 cultured
17 cultured 18 at
18 at 21 oxygen
19 5 20 %
20 % 21 oxygen

rotenone is a parkinson 's disease - linked toxin , and correspondingly sh - sy5y cells cultured at 5 % oxygen also exhibited over 10 times greater sensitivity to rotenone than those cultured in atmospheric , 21 % , oxygen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rotenone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 rotenone 2 is
2 is 5 's
2 is 6 disease
3 a 4 parkinson
4 parkinson 5 's
6 disease 9 toxin
7 - 9 toxin
8 linked 9 toxin
9 toxin 10 ,
11 and 15 sy5y
11 and 23 exhibited
12 correspondingly 15 sy5y
13 sh 14 -
13 sh 15 sy5y
15 sy5y 16 cells
15 sy5y 17 cultured
15 sy5y 23 exhibited
16 cells 17 cultured
17 cultured 18 at
17 cultured 22 also
18 at 21 oxygen
19 5 21 oxygen
20 % 21 oxygen
23 exhibited 28 sensitivity
23 exhibited 29 to
23 exhibited 31 than
24 over 25 10
25 10 26 times
26 times 27 greater
27 greater 28 sensitivity
29 to 30 rotenone
31 than 33 cultured
31 than 34 in
32 those 33 cultured
34 in 40 oxygen
35 atmospheric 38 %
35 atmospheric 39 ,
35 atmospheric 40 oxygen
36 , 38 %
37 21 38 %
38 % 39 ,

our results indicate that neuronal mitochondria are responsive to oxygen levels and produce differential responses under different oxygen levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 mitochondria
4 that 7 are
5 neuronal 6 mitochondria
6 mitochondria 7 are
7 are 12 and
7 are 16 under
8 responsive 9 to
8 responsive 12 and
9 to 11 levels
10 oxygen 11 levels
12 and 15 responses
13 produce 14 differential
14 differential 15 responses
16 under 19 levels
17 different 18 oxygen
18 oxygen 19 levels

none osteoarthritis ( oa ) is closely associated with aging , but its underlying mechanism is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 none 4 oa
1 none 6 is
1 none 8 associated
2 osteoarthritis 4 oa
3 ( 4 oa
4 oa 5 )
4 oa 6 is
7 closely 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 aging
11 , 12 but
12 but 15 mechanism
12 but 16 is
13 its 15 mechanism
14 underlying 15 mechanism
15 mechanism 16 is
16 is 17 unclear

recent publications were reviewed to elucidate the connection between aging and oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 publications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 recent 2 publications
2 publications 3 were
3 were 4 reviewed
4 reviewed 5 to
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 11 and
7 the 8 connection
8 connection 9 between
8 connection 11 and
9 between 10 aging
11 and 12 oa

with increasing oa [incidence] , more senior people are facing heavy financial and social burdens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 with 2 increasing
1 with 8 people
3 oa 5 ,
3 oa 8 people
6 more 7 senior
7 senior 8 people
8 people 9 are
9 are 15 burdens
10 facing 15 burdens
11 heavy 15 burdens
12 financial 13 and
13 and 14 social
13 and 15 burdens

age - related oa pathogenesis is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 age 6 is
2 - 3 related
3 related 5 pathogenesis
3 related 6 is
4 oa 5 pathogenesis
6 is 7 not
6 is 8 well
8 well 9 understood

recently , it has been realized that age - related changes in other tissues besides articular cartilage may also contribute to oa development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 realized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 it
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 realized
6 realized 7 that
7 that 8 age
7 that 20 contribute
8 age 18 may
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 changes
10 related 12 in
10 related 15 besides
10 related 18 may
12 in 14 tissues
13 other 14 tissues
15 besides 17 cartilage
16 articular 17 cartilage
18 may 20 contribute
19 also 20 contribute
20 contribute 21 to
21 to 23 development
22 oa 23 development

many factors including senescence [-] related secretory phenotypes , chondrocytes ' low reactivity to growth factors , mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress , and abnormal accumulation of advanced glycation end products ( ages ) may all play key roles in the pathogenesis of age - related oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 many 2 factors
2 factors 3 including
3 including 4 senescence
3 including 8 phenotypes
4 senescence 6 related
4 senescence 7 secretory
4 senescence 8 phenotypes
9 , 11 '
9 , 12 low
9 , 17 ,
10 chondrocytes 11 '
11 ' 12 low
12 low 13 reactivity
13 reactivity 14 to
14 to 16 factors
15 growth 16 factors
17 , 19 dysfunction
17 , 20 and
18 mitochondrial 19 dysfunction
20 and 24 and
21 oxidative 22 stress
22 stress 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 accumulation
24 and 35 may
25 abnormal 26 accumulation
26 accumulation 27 of
27 of 31 products
28 advanced 31 products
29 glycation 30 end
30 end 31 products
31 products 33 ages
32 ( 33 ages
33 ages 34 )
35 may 37 play
36 all 37 play
37 play 39 roles
37 play 40 in
38 key 39 roles
40 in 42 pathogenesis
41 the 42 pathogenesis
42 pathogenesis 43 of
43 of 44 age
44 age 47 oa
45 - 47 oa
46 related 47 oa
47 oa 48 .

lately , epigenetic regulation of gene expression was recognized for its impact on age - related oa pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
1 lately 2 ,
1 lately 4 regulation
3 epigenetic 4 regulation
4 regulation 5 of
4 regulation 8 was
5 of 7 expression
6 gene 7 expression
8 was 9 recognized
9 recognized 10 for
9 recognized 13 on
10 for 12 impact
11 its 12 impact
13 on 14 age
15 - 16 related
16 related 18 pathogenesis
16 related 19 .
17 oa 18 pathogenesis

up to now , few studies have been reported about the role of mirna and long - noncoding rna ( lncrna ) in age - related oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 up
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 up 2 to
1 up 19 rna
1 up 23 in
2 to 18 noncoding
3 now 18 noncoding
4 , 9 reported
5 few 6 studies
5 few 8 been
5 few 9 reported
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 been
9 reported 10 about
9 reported 17 -
9 reported 18 noncoding
10 about 12 role
11 the 12 role
12 role 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 mirna 15 and
15 and 16 long
19 rna 21 lncrna
20 ( 21 lncrna
21 lncrna 22 )
23 in 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 oa
26 related 28 .

research focusing on this area may provide valuable insights into oa pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 research 2 focusing
1 research 6 may
2 focusing 3 on
3 on 5 area
4 this 5 area
6 may 7 provide
7 provide 9 insights
7 provide 10 into
8 valuable 9 insights
10 into 12 pathogenesis
11 oa 12 pathogenesis

oa - induced financial and social burdens have become an increasingly severe threat to older population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 burdens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 oa 2 -
1 oa 7 burdens
3 induced 7 burdens
4 financial 5 and
5 and 6 social
5 and 7 burdens
7 burdens 8 have
8 have 9 become
9 become 13 threat
9 become 14 to
10 an 13 threat
11 increasingly 12 severe
12 severe 13 threat
14 to 16 population
15 older 16 population

age - related changes in noncartilage tissue should be incorporated in the understanding of oa development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 incorporated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 age 8 should
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 changes
3 related 5 in
3 related 8 should
5 in 7 tissue
6 noncartilage 7 tissue
8 should 9 be
9 be 10 incorporated
10 incorporated 11 in
11 in 13 understanding
12 the 13 understanding
13 understanding 14 of
14 of 16 development
15 oa 16 development

growing attention on oxidative stress and epigenetics will provide more important clues for the better understanding of the age - related oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 growing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
1 growing 2 attention
1 growing 8 will
2 attention 3 on
3 on 6 and
4 oxidative 5 stress
5 stress 6 and
6 and 7 epigenetics
8 will 9 provide
9 provide 12 clues
9 provide 13 for
10 more 11 important
11 important 12 clues
13 for 16 understanding
14 the 16 understanding
15 better 16 understanding
16 understanding 17 of
17 of 19 age
18 the 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 oa
21 related 23 .

highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) has considerably improved the prognosis of hiv - infected patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 highly 2 active
2 active 4 therapy
3 antiretroviral 4 therapy
4 therapy 6 haart
4 therapy 8 has
5 ( 6 haart
6 haart 7 )
8 has 10 improved
9 considerably 10 improved
10 improved 12 prognosis
11 the 12 prognosis
12 prognosis 13 of
13 of 14 hiv
15 - 17 patients
15 - 18 .
16 infected 17 patients

however , prolonged use of haart has been related to long - term adverse events that can compromise patient health such as hiv - associated lipodystrophy [syndrome] ( hals ) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 use
3 prolonged 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 7 has
5 of 6 haart
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 related
9 related 10 to
9 related 22 as
10 to 15 events
11 long 12 -
11 long 13 term
13 term 15 events
14 adverse 15 events
15 events 16 that
15 events 17 can
16 that 17 can
17 can 18 compromise
18 compromise 20 health
19 patient 20 health
21 such 22 as
22 as 31 and
23 hiv 26 lipodystrophy
23 hiv 31 and
24 - 26 lipodystrophy
25 associated 26 lipodystrophy
26 lipodystrophy 29 hals
26 lipodystrophy 30 )
28 ( 29 hals
29 hals 30 )
31 and 35 disease
31 and 37 nafld
32 nonalcoholic 34 liver
33 fatty 34 liver
34 liver 35 disease
36 ( 37 nafld
37 nafld 38 )

there is consistent evidence for a central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in these pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 evidence
3 consistent 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 for
5 for 8 role
6 a 7 central
6 a 8 role
7 central 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 11 dysfunction
10 mitochondrial 11 dysfunction
11 dysfunction 12 in
12 in 14 pathologies
13 these 14 pathologies

nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( nrtis ) have been described to be mainly responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue and liver although nonnucleoside transcriptase inhibitors ( nnrtis [ )(or protease inhibitors ( pis ) have also showed mitochondrial toxicity , which is a major concern for the selection and the long - term adherence to a particular therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 nucleotide 2 reverse
2 reverse 4 inhibitors
3 transcriptase 4 inhibitors
4 inhibitors 6 nrtis
4 inhibitors 8 have
5 ( 6 nrtis
6 nrtis 7 )
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 described
10 described 11 to
10 described 18 in
10 described 23 although
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 mainly
12 be 14 responsible
14 responsible 15 for
15 for 17 dysfunction
16 mitochondrial 17 dysfunction
18 in 21 and
19 adipose 20 tissue
20 tissue 21 and
21 and 22 liver
23 although 25 transcriptase
23 although 38 showed
24 nonnucleoside 25 transcriptase
25 transcriptase 26 inhibitors
25 transcriptase 36 have
25 transcriptase 38 showed
26 inhibitors 30 )(or
26 inhibitors 36 have
27 ( 30 )(or
28 nnrtis 30 )(or
30 )(or 32 inhibitors
30 )(or 34 pis
30 )(or 35 )
31 protease 32 inhibitors
33 ( 34 pis
34 pis 35 )
37 also 38 showed
38 showed 40 toxicity
39 mitochondrial 40 toxicity
41 , 42 which
41 , 43 is
42 which 43 is
43 is 46 concern
44 a 46 concern
45 major 46 concern
46 concern 47 for
47 for 59 therapy
48 the 49 selection
49 selection 50 and
50 and 55 adherence
50 and 56 to
50 and 59 therapy
51 the 55 adherence
52 long 53 -
52 long 54 term
54 term 55 adherence
56 to 58 particular
57 a 58 particular

several mechanisms explain these deleterious effects of haart on mitochondria , and evidence points to other mechanisms beyond the " pol [-] [γ] hypothesis . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 several 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 12 and
3 explain 6 effects
3 explain 9 on
3 explain 12 and
4 these 6 effects
5 deleterious 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 8 haart
9 on 10 mitochondria
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 evidence
12 and 18 beyond
13 evidence 14 points
13 evidence 15 to
15 to 17 mechanisms
16 other 17 mechanisms
18 beyond 24 hypothesis
19 the 20 "
19 the 24 hypothesis
21 pol 24 hypothesis
25 . 26 "

hiv infection has also direct effects on mitochondria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 direct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 hiv 2 infection
1 hiv 3 has
1 hiv 5 direct
2 infection 3 has
3 has 4 also
5 direct 6 effects
5 direct 7 on
7 on 8 mitochondria

mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in atp synthesis , apoptosis , calcium signaling , metabolism , and the synthesis of critical metabolic cofactors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 mitochondria 2 are
2 are 4 organelles
2 are 8 synthesis
3 intracellular 4 organelles
4 organelles 5 involved
5 involved 6 in
6 in 7 atp
8 synthesis 10 apoptosis
8 synthesis 17 and
9 , 10 apoptosis
10 apoptosis 12 calcium
10 apoptosis 14 ,
11 , 12 calcium
12 calcium 13 signaling
12 calcium 14 ,
14 , 17 and
15 metabolism 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 synthesis
17 and 20 of
17 and 24 .
18 the 19 synthesis
20 of 23 cofactors
21 critical 23 cofactors
22 metabolic 23 cofactors

mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with age - related degenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
1 mitochondrial 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 10 diseases
8 related 11 .
9 degenerative 10 diseases

how mitochondrial dysfunction causes cell degeneration is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 how 3 dysfunction
1 how 4 causes
1 how 7 is
2 mitochondrial 3 dysfunction
3 dysfunction 4 causes
4 causes 6 degeneration
5 cell 6 degeneration
7 is 8 not
7 is 9 well
9 well 10 understood

recent studies have shown that mutations in the adenine nucleotide translocase ( ant ) cause aging - dependent degenerative cell death ( dcd ) in yeast , which is sequentially manifested by inner membrane stress , mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) loss , and progressive loss of cell viability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 6 mutations
5 that 15 cause
6 mutations 7 in
6 mutations 15 cause
7 in 11 translocase
8 the 11 translocase
9 adenine 11 translocase
10 nucleotide 11 translocase
11 translocase 13 ant
12 ( 13 ant
13 ant 14 )
15 cause 16 aging
15 cause 25 in
16 aging 21 death
17 - 21 death
18 dependent 21 death
19 degenerative 21 death
20 cell 21 death
21 death 23 dcd
21 death 24 )
22 ( 23 dcd
23 dcd 24 )
25 in 26 yeast
26 yeast 28 which
26 yeast 38 dna
27 , 28 which
28 which 29 is
28 which 36 ,
29 is 31 manifested
30 sequentially 31 manifested
31 manifested 32 by
32 by 35 stress
33 inner 34 membrane
34 membrane 35 stress
36 , 38 dna
37 mitochondrial 38 dna
38 dna 44 and
38 dna 50 .
39 ( 44 and
40 mtdna 41 )
40 mtdna 42 loss
42 loss 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 46 loss
44 and 47 of
44 and 50 .
45 progressive 46 loss
47 of 49 viability
48 cell 49 viability

ant is an abundant protein primarily involved in adp/atp exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 ant 2 is
2 is 5 protein
3 an 4 abundant
3 an 5 protein
4 abundant 5 protein
5 protein 7 involved
6 primarily 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
7 involved 11 across
8 in 10 exchange
9 adp/atp 10 exchange
11 across 15 membrane
12 the 15 membrane
13 mitochondrial 15 membrane
14 inner 15 membrane

it also mediates [basal] [proton] [leak] and regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 it 7 and
2 also 3 mediates
3 mediates 7 and
7 and 8 regulates
7 and 13 pore
9 the 13 pore
10 mitochondrial 11 permeability
11 permeability 13 pore
12 transition 13 pore

missense mutations in the human ant1 cause several degenerative diseases which are commonly manifested by fractional mtdna deletions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 missense 2 mutations
2 mutations 3 in
2 mutations 7 cause
3 in 6 ant1
4 the 5 human
5 human 6 ant1
7 cause 10 diseases
8 several 10 diseases
9 degenerative 10 diseases
10 diseases 11 which
10 diseases 12 are
11 which 12 are
12 are 14 manifested
13 commonly 14 manifested
14 manifested 15 by
15 by 18 deletions
16 fractional 18 deletions
17 mtdna 18 deletions

multiple models have been proposed to explain the ant1 - induced pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 multiple 2 models
2 models 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 proposed
5 proposed 6 to
6 to 7 explain
7 explain 9 ant1
8 the 9 ant1
10 - 12 pathogenesis
10 - 13 .
11 induced 12 pathogenesis

studies from yeast have suggested that in addition to altered nucleotide transport properties , the mutant proteins cause a global stress on the inner membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 studies 2 from
1 studies 4 have
2 from 3 yeast
4 have 5 suggested
5 suggested 6 that
6 that 17 proteins
6 that 18 cause
7 in 8 addition
7 in 14 ,
7 in 17 proteins
8 addition 9 to
9 to 13 properties
10 altered 11 nucleotide
11 nucleotide 13 properties
12 transport 13 properties
15 the 17 proteins
16 mutant 17 proteins
17 proteins 18 cause
18 cause 21 stress
18 cause 22 on
19 a 20 global
19 a 21 stress
20 global 21 stress
22 on 25 membrane
23 the 25 membrane
24 inner 25 membrane

the mutant proteins likely interfere with general mitochondrial biogenesis in a dominant - negative manner , which secondarily destabilizes mtdna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interfere
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 proteins
2 mutant 3 proteins
3 proteins 5 interfere
4 likely 5 interfere
5 interfere 6 with
5 interfere 10 in
6 with 9 biogenesis
7 general 9 biogenesis
8 mitochondrial 9 biogenesis
10 in 15 manner
11 a 12 dominant
11 a 15 manner
12 dominant 13 -
12 dominant 15 manner
14 negative 15 manner
16 , 17 which
16 , 19 destabilizes
17 which 19 destabilizes
18 secondarily 19 destabilizes
19 destabilizes 20 mtdna

more recent work revealed that the ant - [induced] dcd is suppressed by reduced cytosolic protein synthesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 more 2 recent
2 recent 3 work
3 work 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 that
5 that 10 dcd
5 that 12 suppressed
6 the 10 dcd
7 ant 10 dcd
8 - 10 dcd
10 dcd 11 is
11 is 12 suppressed
12 suppressed 13 by
13 by 17 synthesis
14 reduced 16 protein
15 cytosolic 16 protein
16 protein 17 synthesis

this finding suggests [a] proteostatic crosstalk between mitochondria and the cytosol , which may play an important role for cell survival during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 suggests
3 suggests 6 crosstalk
3 suggests 7 between
5 proteostatic 6 crosstalk
7 between 9 and
8 mitochondria 9 and
9 and 11 cytosol
10 the 11 cytosol
12 , 13 which
12 , 15 play
13 which 14 may
14 may 15 play
15 play 18 role
15 play 19 for
15 play 22 during
16 an 18 role
17 important 18 role
19 for 21 survival
20 cell 21 survival
22 during 23 aging

[none] the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 5 ( trpv5 ) [ca] ( 2+ ) [channel] facilitates transcellular ca ( 2+ ) transport in the distal convoluted tubule ( dct ) of the kidney . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 facilitates
2 the 7 type
3 transient 7 type
4 receptor 7 type
5 potential 7 type
6 vanilloid 7 type
7 type 8 5
7 type 10 trpv5
7 type 14 2+
7 type 17 facilitates
9 ( 10 trpv5
10 trpv5 11 )
13 ( 14 2+
14 2+ 15 )
17 facilitates 19 ca
18 transcellular 19 ca
19 ca 23 transport
20 ( 23 transport
21 2+ 22 )
21 2+ 23 transport
23 transport 24 in
23 transport 32 of
23 transport 35 .
24 in 28 tubule
25 the 28 tubule
26 distal 28 tubule
27 convoluted 28 tubule
28 tubule 30 dct
29 ( 30 dct
30 dct 31 )
32 of 34 kidney
33 the 34 kidney

the channel is glycosylated with a complex type n - glycan and it has been postulated [that] hydrolysis of the terminal sialic acid [(] [s] ) [stimulate] trpv5 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 channel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 glycosylated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 channel
2 channel 3 is
3 is 4 glycosylated
4 glycosylated 5 with
4 glycosylated 10 -
4 glycosylated 11 glycan
5 with 7 complex
5 with 8 type
6 a 7 complex
8 type 9 n
12 and 13 it
12 and 15 been
13 it 14 has
14 has 15 been
15 been 18 hydrolysis
16 postulated 18 hydrolysis
18 hydrolysis 19 of
19 of 29 activity
20 the 29 activity
21 terminal 29 activity
22 sialic 29 activity
23 acid 26 )
23 acid 29 activity
28 trpv5 29 activity

the present study delineates the role of [the] n - glycan in trpv5 activity using biochemical assays in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing trpv5 , isoelectric focusing and total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 delineates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 glycan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 delineates
4 delineates 6 role
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
7 of 9 n
10 - 11 glycan
11 glycan 12 in
11 glycan 15 using
12 in 14 activity
13 trpv5 14 activity
15 using 17 assays
15 using 18 in
16 biochemical 17 assays
18 in 29 and
19 human 20 embryonic
20 embryonic 21 kidney
21 kidney 22 293
21 kidney 23 cells
23 cells 24 expressing
23 cells 26 ,
24 expressing 25 trpv5
26 , 28 focusing
26 , 29 and
27 isoelectric 28 focusing
29 and 34 microscopy
30 total 32 reflection
31 internal 32 reflection
32 reflection 34 microscopy
33 fluorescent 34 microscopy

the anti - aging hormone klotho and other glycosidases stimulate trpv5 - dependent ca ( 2+ ) uptake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 stimulate
1 the 6 klotho
2 anti 3 -
2 anti 5 hormone
4 aging 5 hormone
5 hormone 6 klotho
6 klotho 7 and
7 and 9 glycosidases
7 and 10 stimulate
8 other 9 glycosidases
10 stimulate 11 trpv5
11 trpv5 14 ca
12 - 14 ca
13 dependent 14 ca
14 ca 18 uptake
14 ca 19 .
15 ( 18 uptake
16 2+ 17 )
16 2+ 18 uptake
18 uptake 19 .

klotho was found to increase the plasma membrane stability of trpv5 , via the trpv5 n - glycan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 klotho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 klotho 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 4 to
4 to 5 increase
5 increase 9 stability
6 the 9 stability
7 plasma 9 stability
8 membrane 9 stability
9 stability 10 of
9 stability 13 via
10 of 11 trpv5
12 , 13 via
13 via 15 trpv5
13 via 17 -
14 the 15 trpv5
15 trpv5 16 n
17 - 18 glycan

sialidase mimicked this stimulatory action . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sialidase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mimicked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 sialidase 2 mimicked
2 mimicked 5 action
3 this 4 stimulatory
4 stimulatory 5 action

however , this effect was independent [of] [the] n - glycosylation [state] of trpv5 , since the [n] [-] glycosylation mutant ( trpv5 ( n358q ) ) was activated to the same extent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 effect
3 this 4 effect
4 effect 5 was
5 was 6 independent
5 was 16 since
5 was 30 to
6 independent 9 n
6 independent 11 glycosylation
10 - 11 glycosylation
11 glycosylation 13 of
11 glycosylation 15 ,
13 of 14 trpv5
16 since 21 mutant
16 since 29 activated
17 the 21 mutant
20 glycosylation 21 mutant
21 mutant 23 trpv5
21 mutant 28 was
22 ( 23 trpv5
23 trpv5 25 n358q
23 trpv5 27 )
24 ( 25 n358q
25 n358q 26 )
28 was 29 activated
30 to 33 extent
31 the 32 same
31 the 33 extent

we showed that the increased trpv5 activity after sialidase treatment is caused by inhibition of lipid raft [-] mediated internalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 showed
2 showed 3 that
3 that 7 activity
3 that 12 caused
4 the 7 activity
5 increased 7 activity
6 trpv5 7 activity
7 activity 8 after
7 activity 11 is
8 after 10 treatment
9 sialidase 10 treatment
11 is 12 caused
12 caused 13 by
13 by 14 inhibition
14 inhibition 15 of
15 of 20 internalization
16 lipid 19 mediated
17 raft 19 mediated
19 mediated 20 internalization

in addition , sialidase modified the [n] [-] glycan of transferrin , a model glycoprotein , differently from klotho . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sialidase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 modified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 sialidase
4 sialidase 5 modified
5 modified 9 glycan
5 modified 17 differently
6 the 9 glycan
9 glycan 10 of
10 of 11 transferrin
11 transferrin 15 glycoprotein
12 , 15 glycoprotein
13 a 15 glycoprotein
14 model 15 glycoprotein
15 glycoprotein 16 ,
17 differently 18 from
18 from 19 klotho

previous studies showed that after klotho treatment , galectin - 1 binds the trpv5 n - [glycan] and thereby increases trpv5 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 5 after
3 showed 11 1
3 showed 18 and
5 after 7 treatment
6 klotho 7 treatment
7 treatment 9 galectin
8 , 9 galectin
9 galectin 10 -
11 1 18 and
12 binds 14 trpv5
12 binds 18 and
13 the 14 trpv5
14 trpv5 15 n
16 - 18 and
18 and 20 increases
19 thereby 20 increases
20 increases 22 activity
21 trpv5 22 activity

however , galectin - 3 , but not galectin - 1 , was expressed in the dct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 galectin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 galectin
3 galectin 5 3
3 galectin 7 but
3 galectin 13 was
4 - 5 3
5 3 6 ,
6 , 7 but
7 but 8 not
7 but 9 galectin
7 but 12 ,
9 galectin 11 1
10 - 11 1
11 1 12 ,
13 was 14 expressed
14 expressed 15 in
15 in 17 dct
16 the 17 dct

furthermore , an increase in trpv5 - mediated ca ( 2+ ) uptake was detected after galectin - 3 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 increase
3 an 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
4 increase 14 was
5 in 13 uptake
6 trpv5 9 ca
6 trpv5 13 uptake
7 - 9 ca
8 mediated 9 ca
9 ca 11 2+
9 ca 12 )
10 ( 11 2+
11 2+ 12 )
14 was 15 detected
15 detected 16 after
16 after 17 galectin
18 - 20 treatment
18 - 21 .
19 3 20 treatment

in conclusion , two distinct trpv5 stimulatory mechanisms were demonstrated [;] a klotho - mediated effect that is dependent on [the] n - glycan of trpv5 and a sialidase - mediated stimulation that is lipid [raft] - dependent and independent of [the] n - glycan of trpv5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 6 trpv5
4 two 6 trpv5
5 distinct 6 trpv5
6 trpv5 8 mechanisms
6 trpv5 9 were
6 trpv5 10 demonstrated
7 stimulatory 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 were
10 demonstrated 16 effect
12 a 13 klotho
12 a 16 effect
13 klotho 14 -
13 klotho 16 effect
15 mediated 16 effect
16 effect 17 that
16 effect 18 is
17 that 18 is
18 is 19 dependent
19 dependent 20 on
19 dependent 30 -
20 on 22 n
23 - 30 -
24 glycan 25 of
24 glycan 27 and
25 of 26 trpv5
27 and 29 sialidase
27 and 30 -
28 a 29 sialidase
30 - 32 stimulation
31 mediated 32 stimulation
32 stimulation 33 that
32 stimulation 34 is
33 that 34 is
34 is 35 lipid
34 is 44 -
37 - 44 -
38 dependent 39 and
39 and 40 independent
39 and 41 of
39 and 44 -
41 of 43 n
44 - 45 glycan
44 - 48 .
45 glycan 46 of
46 of 47 trpv5

purpose : to determine the thickness of bowman 's layer ( bl ) in vivo in a healthy population [and] to determine its variation with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 thickness
4 determine 15 vivo
4 determine 16 in
4 determine 21 to
5 the 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 of
6 thickness 12 bl
7 of 10 layer
8 bowman 9 's
9 's 10 layer
11 ( 12 bl
12 bl 13 )
14 in 15 vivo
16 in 19 population
17 a 19 population
18 healthy 19 population
21 to 22 determine
22 determine 24 variation
22 determine 25 with
23 its 24 variation
25 with 26 age

methods : eighty - two subjects aged 15 to 88 years with clear , healthy corneas were examined bilaterally with laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy ( ivcm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 subjects
3 eighty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 aged
7 aged 9 to
8 15 9 to
9 to 10 88
10 88 11 years
11 years 12 with
11 years 17 were
12 with 16 corneas
13 clear 14 ,
13 clear 16 corneas
15 healthy 16 corneas
17 were 18 examined
18 examined 19 bilaterally
18 examined 20 with
20 with 26 microscopy
21 laser 22 scanning
22 scanning 26 microscopy
23 in 24 vivo
24 vivo 25 confocal
25 confocal 26 microscopy
26 microscopy 28 ivcm
27 ( 28 ivcm
28 ivcm 29 )

bowman 's layer thickness was determined from ivcm images of anterior and posterior bl boundaries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 bowman 2 's
2 's 4 thickness
3 layer 4 thickness
4 thickness 5 was
5 was 6 determined
6 determined 7 from
7 from 9 images
8 ivcm 9 images
9 images 10 of
10 of 15 boundaries
11 anterior 12 and
12 and 13 posterior
12 and 15 boundaries
14 bl 15 boundaries

for a given eye , bl thickness was averaged across four central locations by two independent observers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 averaged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 4 eye
1 for 5 ,
1 for 7 thickness
2 a 4 eye
3 given 4 eye
6 bl 7 thickness
7 thickness 8 was
8 was 9 averaged
9 averaged 10 across
9 averaged 14 by
10 across 13 locations
11 four 13 locations
12 central 13 locations
14 by 17 observers
15 two 17 observers
16 independent 17 observers

in addition , central corneal thickness was measured by time - domain optical coherence tomography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 thickness
4 central 6 thickness
5 corneal 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 was
7 was 8 measured
8 measured 9 by
9 by 10 time
11 - 15 tomography
12 domain 15 tomography
13 optical 14 coherence
14 coherence 15 tomography

results : a significant negative correlation of bl thickness with age was found in right eyes ( pearson r = - 0.579 , p < 0.0001 ) and in left eyes ( r = - 0.558 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 correlation
3 a 4 significant
3 a 6 correlation
4 significant 6 correlation
5 negative 6 correlation
6 correlation 7 of
6 correlation 9 thickness
6 correlation 13 found
7 of 8 bl
9 thickness 10 with
9 thickness 12 was
10 with 11 age
12 was 13 found
13 found 28 and
14 in 16 eyes
14 in 28 and
15 right 16 eyes
16 eyes 18 pearson
17 ( 18 pearson
18 pearson 20 =
18 pearson 25 <
18 pearson 27 )
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 -
21 - 22 0.579
21 - 25 <
23 , 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.0001
25 < 27 )
28 and 29 in
29 in 31 eyes
30 left 31 eyes
31 eyes 34 =
31 eyes 39 <
32 ( 34 =
33 r 34 =
34 = 35 -
35 - 36 0.558
35 - 39 <
37 , 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.0001
39 < 41 )

linear regression analysis yielded a decline in bl thickness of 0.06 μm per year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 yielded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 linear 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 yielded
4 yielded 6 decline
4 yielded 7 in
5 a 6 decline
7 in 9 thickness
8 bl 9 thickness
9 thickness 10 of
10 of 12 μm
11 0.06 12 μm
12 μm 13 per
13 per 14 year

no correlation of corneal thickness with age or [of] bl thickness with corneal thickness was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 no 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 of
2 correlation 8 or
3 of 5 thickness
4 corneal 5 thickness
5 thickness 6 with
6 with 7 age
8 or 11 thickness
8 or 12 with
8 or 15 was
10 bl 11 thickness
12 with 14 thickness
13 corneal 14 thickness
15 was 16 observed

strong intereye correlations in bl thickness ( r = 0.771 , p < 0.0001 ) and corneal thickness ( r = 0.969 , p < 0.001 ) were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 strong 3 correlations
2 intereye 3 correlations
3 correlations 4 in
3 correlations 16 and
4 in 6 thickness
5 bl 6 thickness
6 thickness 9 =
6 thickness 13 <
7 ( 9 =
8 r 9 =
9 = 10 0.771
9 = 11 ,
12 p 13 <
13 < 14 0.0001
13 < 15 )
16 and 18 thickness
16 and 21 =
16 and 25 <
16 and 28 were
17 corneal 18 thickness
19 ( 21 =
20 r 21 =
21 = 22 0.969
23 , 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.001
25 < 27 )
28 were 29 found

conclusions : bowman 's layer thins with age in the normal cornea , losing one - [third] of its thickness between the ages of 20 and 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 layer
2 : 6 thins
2 : 29 .
3 bowman 4 's
4 's 5 layer
5 layer 6 thins
6 thins 7 with
6 thins 9 in
6 thins 21 between
7 with 8 age
9 in 12 cornea
10 the 12 cornea
11 normal 12 cornea
12 cornea 14 losing
12 cornea 18 of
13 , 14 losing
14 losing 15 one
14 losing 16 -
18 of 20 thickness
19 its 20 thickness
21 between 23 ages
22 the 23 ages
23 ages 24 of
24 of 28 years
25 20 26 and
26 and 27 80
26 and 28 years

in vivo measurement of bl thickness by ivcm could aid in clinical assessment [and] planned treatments of the anterior cornea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 planned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 vivo
2 vivo 3 measurement
3 measurement 4 of
3 measurement 15 planned
4 of 5 bl
5 bl 6 thickness
5 bl 10 aid
6 thickness 7 by
6 thickness 9 could
7 by 8 ivcm
9 could 10 aid
10 aid 11 in
11 in 13 assessment
12 clinical 13 assessment
15 planned 16 treatments
16 treatments 17 of
17 of 20 cornea
18 the 20 cornea
19 anterior 20 cornea

this retrospective population - based study aimed to investigate associations between erectile dysfunction ( ed ) and the irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) using a taiwanese cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 this 2 retrospective
2 retrospective 3 population
4 - 6 study
4 - 7 aimed
4 - 29 .
5 based 6 study
6 study 7 aimed
7 aimed 8 to
7 aimed 9 investigate
8 to 9 investigate
9 investigate 17 and
9 investigate 25 using
10 associations 11 between
10 associations 17 and
11 between 13 dysfunction
12 erectile 13 dysfunction
13 dysfunction 15 ed
14 ( 15 ed
15 ed 16 )
17 and 21 syndrome
17 and 23 ibs
18 the 21 syndrome
19 irritable 20 bowel
20 bowel 21 syndrome
22 ( 23 ibs
23 ibs 24 )
25 using 28 cohort
26 a 27 taiwanese
26 a 28 cohort
27 taiwanese 28 cohort

we identified 17 608 male patients who were newly diagnosed with ibs from 1997 to 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 6 patients
3 17 6 patients
4 608 6 patients
5 male 6 patients
6 patients 7 who
6 patients 8 were
7 who 8 were
8 were 10 diagnosed
9 newly 10 diagnosed
10 diagnosed 11 with
11 with 12 ibs
12 ibs 15 to
13 from 15 to
14 1997 15 to
15 to 16 2010

the date that the diagnosis of ibs had been made was the index date . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 date
2 date 3 that
2 date 9 been
2 date 10 made
2 date 11 was
3 that 5 diagnosis
3 that 9 been
4 the 5 diagnosis
5 diagnosis 6 of
5 diagnosis 8 had
6 of 7 ibs
8 had 9 been
11 was 14 date
12 the 14 date
13 index 14 date

ibs patients with a history of ed before the index date or with incomplete demographic information were excluded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 excluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 ibs 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 6 of
2 patients 17 were
3 with 5 history
4 a 5 history
6 of 7 ed
7 ed 12 or
8 before 11 date
8 before 12 or
9 the 11 date
10 index 11 date
12 or 13 with
13 with 16 information
14 incomplete 16 information
15 demographic 16 information
17 were 18 excluded

both cohorts were followed until the end of 2010 or censored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cohorts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 both 2 cohorts
2 cohorts 10 or
3 were 4 followed
3 were 10 or
4 followed 5 until
5 until 7 end
6 the 7 end
7 end 8 of
8 of 9 2010
10 or 11 censored

cox proportional hazard regression [model] was used to estimate the effects of ibs on ed risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cox 3 hazard
2 proportional 3 hazard
3 hazard 4 regression
3 hazard 9 estimate
4 regression 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 estimate
8 to 9 estimate
9 estimate 11 effects
9 estimate 14 on
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 13 ibs
14 on 16 risks
15 ed 16 risks

the incidence rate ratio of ed in the ibs cohort was 2.92 times higher than that in the [non] [-] ibs cohort ( 29.5 vs [.] 10.1 per 10 000 person - years ) , with an adjusted hazard ratio ( ahr ) of 2.58 ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] : 2.24 - 2.98 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 the 4 ratio
2 incidence 4 ratio
3 rate 4 ratio
4 ratio 5 of
4 ratio 11 was
5 of 6 ed
6 ed 7 in
7 in 10 cohort
8 the 10 cohort
9 ibs 10 cohort
11 was 14 higher
12 2.92 13 times
13 times 14 higher
14 higher 15 than
15 than 16 that
15 than 17 in
17 in 22 cohort
18 the 22 cohort
21 ibs 22 cohort
22 cohort 24 29.5
23 ( 24 29.5
24 29.5 25 vs
24 29.5 53 ]
25 vs 27 10.1
27 10.1 28 per
27 10.1 33 years
27 10.1 36 with
28 per 31 person
29 10 31 person
30 000 31 person
32 - 33 years
33 years 34 )
35 , 36 with
36 with 40 ratio
36 with 53 ]
37 an 40 ratio
38 adjusted 39 hazard
39 hazard 40 ratio
40 ratio 42 ahr
40 ratio 44 of
41 ( 42 ahr
42 ahr 43 )
44 of 45 2.58
45 2.58 49 confidence
46 ( 49 confidence
47 95 48 %
48 % 49 confidence
49 confidence 52 ci
49 confidence 53 ]
51 [ 52 ci
52 ci 53 ]
54 : 55 2.24
55 2.24 57 2.98
56 - 57 2.98
57 2.98 58 )

the risk of ed increased with increasing age and number of comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 risk
2 risk 3 of
2 risk 9 and
3 of 4 ed
4 ed 5 increased
4 ed 6 with
6 with 7 increasing
7 increasing 8 age
9 and 10 number
9 and 11 of
11 of 12 comorbidities

patients with depression were at a higher risk of ed ( ahr : 1.97 ; 95 % ci : 1.49 - 2.63 ) compared with the subjects without depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 4 were
2 with 3 depression
4 were 5 at
5 at 8 risk
6 a 8 risk
7 higher 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 10 ed
10 ed 12 ahr
11 ( 12 ahr
12 ahr 13 :
13 : 14 1.97
13 : 15 ;
15 ; 18 ci
15 ; 19 :
16 95 18 ci
17 % 18 ci
19 : 20 1.49
19 : 24 compared
19 : 30 .
20 1.49 22 2.63
20 1.49 24 compared
21 - 22 2.63
22 2.63 23 )
24 compared 25 with
24 compared 28 without
25 with 27 subjects
26 the 27 subjects
28 without 29 depression

ibs patients had a higher risk of developing ed compared with [non] - ibs subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 ibs 2 patients
2 patients 3 had
3 had 6 risk
4 a 6 risk
5 higher 6 risk
6 risk 7 of
6 risk 9 ed
6 risk 11 with
7 of 8 developing
9 ed 10 compared
10 compared 11 with
13 - 15 subjects
13 - 16 .
14 ibs 15 subjects

ageing and comorbidities including diabetes , cardiovascular disease , chronic kidney disease and depression were associated with the risk of ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 ageing 2 and
2 and 3 comorbidities
2 and 4 including
2 and 15 were
4 including 13 and
5 diabetes 6 ,
6 , 8 disease
6 , 9 ,
7 cardiovascular 8 disease
9 , 12 disease
9 , 13 and
10 chronic 11 kidney
11 kidney 12 disease
13 and 14 depression
15 were 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 19 risk
18 the 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 ed

background : frailty is commonly considered as a syndrome with several symptoms , including weight loss , exhaustion , weakness , slow walking speed and physical inactivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 frailty
2 : 6 considered
2 : 28 .
3 frailty 4 is
4 is 6 considered
5 commonly 6 considered
6 considered 7 as
6 considered 10 with
7 as 9 syndrome
8 a 9 syndrome
10 with 11 several
10 with 23 walking
11 several 12 symptoms
11 several 22 slow
12 symptoms 14 including
12 symptoms 22 slow
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 loss
14 including 21 ,
15 weight 16 loss
16 loss 18 exhaustion
16 loss 20 weakness
17 , 18 exhaustion
18 exhaustion 19 ,
19 , 20 weakness
20 weakness 21 ,
23 walking 25 and
24 speed 25 and
25 and 27 inactivity
26 physical 27 inactivity

it has been suggested that cognitive impairment should be included in the frailty index , however the association between frailty and cognition has not yet been fully established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 7 impairment
5 that 10 included
6 cognitive 7 impairment
7 impairment 8 should
8 should 9 be
9 be 10 included
10 included 11 in
11 in 14 index
12 the 14 index
13 frailty 14 index
15 , 18 association
15 , 28 established
16 however 18 association
17 the 18 association
18 association 19 between
18 association 23 has
19 between 21 and
20 frailty 21 and
21 and 22 cognition
23 has 24 not
23 has 26 been
25 yet 26 been
26 been 28 established
27 fully 28 established

objective : to investigate cross [-] sectionally whether frailty is associated with cognitive impairment or clinically diagnosed dementia in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 18 dementia
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 7 sectionally
4 investigate 8 whether
5 cross 7 sectionally
8 whether 9 frailty
8 whether 15 or
9 frailty 10 is
10 is 15 or
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 15 or
12 with 14 impairment
13 cognitive 14 impairment
15 or 17 diagnosed
16 clinically 17 diagnosed
18 dementia 19 in
19 in 21 people
20 older 21 people

methods : the study included a total of 654 persons aged 76 - 100 years ( mean 82 ± 4.6 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 22 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 total
6 a 7 total
7 total 8 of
7 total 15 years
8 of 10 persons
9 654 10 persons
10 persons 11 aged
11 aged 12 76
13 - 15 years
14 100 15 years
15 years 19 ±
15 years 21 )
16 ( 19 ±
17 mean 19 ±
18 82 19 ±
19 ± 20 4.6
19 ± 21 )

frailty status of the participants was assessed using the cardiovascular health study criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 frailty 2 status
2 status 3 of
2 status 6 was
3 of 5 participants
4 the 5 participants
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 using
8 using 13 criteria
9 the 13 criteria
10 cardiovascular 11 health
11 health 12 study
12 study 13 criteria

cognitive [function] was assessed with the mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 cognitive 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 with
5 with 7 mini
6 the 7 mini
7 mini 13 mmse
8 - 13 mmse
9 mental 10 state
10 state 11 examination
11 examination 13 mmse
12 ( 13 mmse
13 mmse 14 )

clinically diagnosed dementia was assessed by specialists using diagnostic criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dementia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 clinically 2 diagnosed
2 diagnosed 3 dementia
3 dementia 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 by
6 by 7 specialists
7 specialists 8 using
8 using 10 criteria
9 diagnostic 10 criteria

the associations between frailty and cognition were investigated using logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 between
2 associations 7 were
3 between 5 and
4 frailty 5 and
5 and 6 cognition
7 were 8 investigated
8 investigated 9 using
9 using 11 regression
10 logistic 11 regression

results : a total of 93 ( 14 % ) participants were classified as frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 11 participants
4 total 12 were
4 total 13 classified
5 of 6 93
6 93 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 14 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 participants 12 were
13 classified 15 frail
14 as 15 frail

cognitive impairment ( mmse score [<] 25 ) was observed among 171 ( 26 % ) persons and 134 ( 21 % ) [persons] had clinically diagnosed dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 cognitive 2 impairment
1 cognitive 9 was
1 cognitive 10 observed
2 impairment 5 score
2 impairment 9 was
3 ( 5 score
4 mmse 5 score
5 score 7 25
5 score 8 )
10 observed 11 among
10 observed 17 persons
11 among 12 171
12 171 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 26 15 %
15 % 16 )
18 and 19 134
18 and 27 diagnosed
19 134 22 %
19 134 25 had
20 ( 22 %
21 21 22 %
22 % 23 )
25 had 27 diagnosed
26 clinically 27 diagnosed
27 diagnosed 28 dementia

conclusion : frailty is strongly associated with cognitive impairment and clinically diagnosed dementia among persons aged 76 and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 frailty
2 : 4 is
3 frailty 4 is
4 is 10 and
5 strongly 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 10 and
7 with 9 impairment
8 cognitive 9 impairment
10 and 12 diagnosed
10 and 18 and
11 clinically 12 diagnosed
13 dementia 14 among
13 dementia 18 and
14 among 15 persons
15 persons 16 aged
16 aged 17 76
18 and 19 older

it is possible that cognitive impairment is a clinical feature of frailty and therefore should be included in the frailty definition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 possible
3 possible 4 that
4 that 6 impairment
4 that 13 and
5 cognitive 6 impairment
6 impairment 13 and
7 is 10 feature
7 is 13 and
8 a 9 clinical
8 a 10 feature
9 clinical 10 feature
10 feature 11 of
11 of 12 frailty
13 and 15 should
13 and 21 definition
14 therefore 15 should
15 should 16 be
16 be 17 included
17 included 18 in
18 in 20 frailty
19 the 20 frailty

adult stem cells in mammalian organs play pivotal roles in the maintenance and repair of these organs throughout the life of the adult and maintain the proper homeostasis of a tissue or organ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 adult 2 stem
2 stem 3 cells
3 cells 4 in
3 cells 24 and
4 in 6 organs
5 mammalian 6 organs
7 play 9 roles
7 play 10 in
7 play 18 throughout
7 play 24 and
8 pivotal 9 roles
10 in 13 and
11 the 12 maintenance
12 maintenance 13 and
13 and 14 repair
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 organs
16 these 17 organs
18 throughout 20 life
19 the 20 life
20 life 21 of
21 of 23 adult
22 the 23 adult
24 and 25 maintain
25 maintain 28 homeostasis
26 the 28 homeostasis
27 proper 28 homeostasis
28 homeostasis 29 of
29 of 32 or
30 a 31 tissue
31 tissue 32 or
32 or 33 organ

among the adult stem cells described to date , mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) are highlighted for clinical applications because mscs have many advantages for cell therapy , including multilineage differentiation , homing , immune modulation and wound - healing effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 highlighted
1 among 5 cells
1 among 12 cells
2 the 5 cells
3 adult 4 stem
4 stem 5 cells
6 described 8 date
6 described 9 ,
6 described 12 cells
7 to 8 date
10 mesenchymal 11 stem
11 stem 12 cells
12 cells 14 mscs
12 cells 16 are
13 ( 14 mscs
14 mscs 15 )
16 are 17 highlighted
17 highlighted 18 for
17 highlighted 21 because
17 highlighted 30 including
18 for 20 applications
19 clinical 20 applications
21 because 22 mscs
21 because 23 have
22 mscs 23 have
23 have 25 advantages
24 many 25 advantages
25 advantages 26 for
26 for 28 therapy
27 cell 28 therapy
29 , 30 including
30 including 32 differentiation
30 including 41 healing
30 including 43 .
31 multilineage 32 differentiation
32 differentiation 38 and
33 , 38 and
34 homing 35 ,
35 , 37 modulation
35 , 38 and
36 immune 37 modulation
38 and 39 wound
38 and 40 -
40 - 41 healing
41 healing 42 effects
41 healing 43 .

however , as the aging of mscs leads to an age - associated [decline] in their number and function , it is important to clarify the age - associated factors and regulatory mechanism associated with the msc aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 however 21 it
1 however 22 is
1 however 28 -
1 however 31 and
2 , 3 as
3 as 5 aging
3 as 8 leads
3 as 20 ,
3 as 21 it
4 the 5 aging
5 aging 6 of
5 aging 8 leads
6 of 7 mscs
8 leads 9 to
9 to 11 age
10 an 11 age
11 age 13 associated
12 - 13 associated
13 associated 15 in
13 associated 20 ,
15 in 18 and
16 their 17 number
17 number 18 and
18 and 19 function
21 it 22 is
22 is 23 important
23 important 24 to
24 to 25 clarify
25 clarify 27 age
26 the 27 age
29 associated 30 factors
30 factors 31 and
31 and 33 mechanism
31 and 34 associated
32 regulatory 33 mechanism
34 associated 35 with
35 with 37 msc
35 with 38 aging
36 the 37 msc
38 aging 39 process

in this review , we amass [and] [discuss] the recent data related to age - associated genes in mscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 amass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 amass
6 amass 11 data
9 the 11 data
10 recent 11 data
11 data 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 14 age
15 - 17 genes
16 associated 17 genes
17 genes 18 in
18 in 19 mscs

in particular , the activities of epigenetic regulatory factors , including histone acetylase and dna methyltransferase , modulate gene expression and crosstalk with each other during the msc senescence process [.] p16 ( ink4a ) [and] high - mobility group a2 play important age - associated roles in the regulation of msc stemness , and lamin a - and prelamin a - dependent nuclear abnormalities have significant biological relevance in msc aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 particular
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 particular
3 , 14 and
4 the 5 activities
5 activities 6 of
5 activities 10 ,
6 of 9 factors
7 epigenetic 9 factors
8 regulatory 9 factors
10 , 13 acetylase
10 , 14 and
11 including 13 acetylase
12 histone 13 acetylase
14 and 16 methyltransferase
14 and 17 ,
14 and 18 modulate
15 dna 16 methyltransferase
18 modulate 21 and
19 gene 20 expression
20 expression 21 and
21 and 22 crosstalk
21 and 23 with
21 and 26 during
23 with 25 other
24 each 25 other
26 during 37 high
27 the 37 high
28 msc 29 senescence
29 senescence 37 high
30 process 37 high
32 p16 34 ink4a
32 p16 35 )
32 p16 37 high
33 ( 34 ink4a
34 ink4a 35 )
37 high 45 -
38 - 45 -
39 mobility 40 group
40 group 42 play
41 a2 42 play
42 play 44 age
43 important 44 age
44 age 45 -
45 - 47 roles
46 associated 47 roles
47 roles 48 in
48 in 50 regulation
49 the 50 regulation
50 regulation 51 of
51 of 63 dependent
52 msc 53 stemness
53 stemness 55 and
54 , 55 and
55 and 56 lamin
55 and 59 and
56 lamin 57 a
58 - 59 and
59 and 60 prelamin
59 and 62 -
59 and 63 dependent
60 prelamin 61 a
63 dependent 65 abnormalities
63 dependent 70 in
63 dependent 72 aging
64 nuclear 65 abnormalities
65 abnormalities 66 have
66 have 69 relevance
66 have 70 in
67 significant 69 relevance
68 biological 69 relevance
71 msc 72 aging
72 aging 73 .

taken together , the information described here , including the epigenetic regulatory factors , transcription factors and cell signaling , could be used toward the development of treatments for msc aging and related defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 information
4 the 5 information
5 information 6 described
5 information 17 and
5 information 21 could
6 described 7 here
6 described 9 including
8 , 9 including
9 including 13 factors
9 including 14 ,
10 the 13 factors
11 epigenetic 13 factors
12 regulatory 13 factors
14 , 17 and
15 transcription 16 factors
16 factors 17 and
17 and 18 cell
17 and 19 signaling
17 and 20 ,
21 could 32 and
22 be 23 used
22 be 32 and
23 used 24 toward
24 toward 26 development
25 the 26 development
26 development 27 of
27 of 28 treatments
28 treatments 29 for
29 for 30 msc
30 msc 31 aging
32 and 33 related
33 related 34 defects

the histone lysine demethylase kdm5b plays key roles in gene repression by demethylating trimethylated lysine 4 of histone h3 ( h3k4me3 ) , a modification commonly found at the promoter region of actively transcribed genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 key
1 the 6 plays
2 histone 6 plays
3 lysine 6 plays
4 demethylase 6 plays
5 kdm5b 6 plays
6 plays 7 key
7 key 8 roles
7 key 9 in
7 key 12 by
9 in 11 repression
10 gene 11 repression
12 by 13 demethylating
13 demethylating 15 lysine
14 trimethylated 15 lysine
15 lysine 16 4
15 lysine 17 of
17 of 19 h3
18 histone 19 h3
19 h3 21 h3k4me3
19 h3 25 modification
20 ( 21 h3k4me3
21 h3k4me3 22 )
23 , 25 modification
24 a 25 modification
25 modification 27 found
25 modification 32 of
25 modification 36 .
26 commonly 27 found
27 found 28 at
28 at 31 region
29 the 31 region
30 promoter 31 region
32 of 35 genes
33 actively 34 transcribed
34 transcribed 35 genes

kdm5b is known to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression ; however , little is known about the post - translational modifications that regulate kdm5b . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 kdm5b
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 kdm5b 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 to
3 known 5 regulate
4 to 5 regulate
5 regulate 7 expression
6 the 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 10 involved
8 of 9 genes
10 involved 11 in
11 in 14 progression
12 cell 14 progression
13 cycle 14 progression
15 ; 18 little
15 ; 20 known
15 ; 24 -
16 however 17 ,
16 however 18 little
18 little 19 is
19 is 20 known
20 known 21 about
21 about 23 post
22 the 23 post
24 - 26 modifications
25 translational 26 modifications
26 modifications 27 that
26 modifications 28 regulate
27 that 28 regulate
28 regulate 29 kdm5b

herein , we report that kdm5b is sumoylated at lysine residues 242 and 278 and that the ectopic expression of the hpc2 sumo e3 ligase enhances this sumoylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 herein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 , 3 we
2 , 4 report
3 we 4 report
4 report 15 and
5 that 6 kdm5b
5 that 7 is
5 that 15 and
6 kdm5b 7 is
7 is 8 sumoylated
8 sumoylated 9 at
9 at 11 residues
10 lysine 11 residues
11 residues 13 and
12 242 13 and
13 and 14 278
15 and 16 that
16 that 19 expression
16 that 26 enhances
17 the 19 expression
18 ectopic 19 expression
19 expression 20 of
19 expression 26 enhances
20 of 25 ligase
21 the 25 ligase
22 hpc2 25 ligase
23 sumo 24 e3
24 e3 25 ligase
26 enhances 28 sumoylation
27 this 28 sumoylation

interestingly , the levels of kdm5b and its sumoylated forms are regulated during the cell cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 levels
3 the 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 11 are
5 of 7 and
6 kdm5b 7 and
7 and 10 forms
8 its 10 forms
9 sumoylated 10 forms
11 are 12 regulated
12 regulated 13 during
13 during 16 cycle
14 the 16 cycle
15 cell 16 cycle

kdm5b is modulated by rnf4 , an e3 ubiquitin ligase that targets sumo - modified proteins to proteasomal degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 kdm5b
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 kdm5b 2 is
2 is 3 modulated
3 modulated 4 by
4 by 5 rnf4
5 rnf4 10 ligase
6 , 10 ligase
7 an 10 ligase
8 e3 10 ligase
9 ubiquitin 10 ligase
10 ligase 11 that
10 ligase 12 targets
10 ligase 14 -
11 that 12 targets
12 targets 13 sumo
14 - 16 proteins
15 modified 16 proteins
16 proteins 17 to
17 to 19 degradation
18 proteasomal 19 degradation

digital gene expression analyses showed that cells expressing the sumoylation - deficient kdm5b harbor repressed mrna expression profiles of cell cycle [and] dna repair genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 digital 4 analyses
2 gene 3 expression
3 expression 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
5 showed 7 cells
7 cells 8 expressing
8 expressing 10 sumoylation
9 the 10 sumoylation
11 - 18 profiles
12 deficient 14 harbor
13 kdm5b 14 harbor
14 harbor 15 repressed
15 repressed 16 mrna
16 mrna 18 profiles
17 expression 18 profiles
18 profiles 19 of
19 of 25 genes
20 cell 21 cycle
21 cycle 25 genes
23 dna 24 repair
24 repair 25 genes

chromatin immunoprecipitations confirmed some of these genes as kdm5b targets , as they displayed reduced h3k4me3 levels in cells ectopically expressing kdm5b . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chromatin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 chromatin 2 immunoprecipitations
1 chromatin 14 displayed
1 chromatin 15 reduced
2 immunoprecipitations 3 confirmed
3 confirmed 4 some
3 confirmed 8 as
3 confirmed 12 as
4 some 5 of
5 of 7 genes
6 these 7 genes
8 as 10 targets
9 kdm5b 10 targets
11 , 12 as
12 as 13 they
12 as 14 displayed
13 they 14 displayed
15 reduced 17 levels
15 reduced 18 in
16 h3k4me3 17 levels
18 in 19 cells
19 cells 21 expressing
20 ectopically 21 expressing
21 expressing 22 kdm5b

we propose that sumoylation by hpc2 regulates the activity of kdm5b . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 4 sumoylation
3 that 7 regulates
4 sumoylation 5 by
4 sumoylation 7 regulates
5 by 6 hpc2
7 regulates 9 activity
8 the 9 activity
9 activity 10 of
10 of 11 kdm5b

[none] none digital technologies are becoming more pervasive in all areas of society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 technologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 none 3 digital
3 digital 4 technologies
4 technologies 5 are
5 are 6 becoming
6 becoming 8 pervasive
7 more 8 pervasive
8 pervasive 9 in
9 in 11 areas
10 all 11 areas
11 areas 12 of
12 of 13 society

enabling everyone to have access and capability to use the internet and associated digital technologies , summed up in the term ['] digital inclusion ['] , is seen to have wide - ranging benefits to the individual , to the economy and [to] society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enabling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 have
1 enabling 2 everyone
1 enabling 3 to
1 enabling 12 and
1 enabling 27 is
3 to 4 have
4 have 6 and
4 have 8 to
5 access 6 and
6 and 7 capability
8 to 12 and
9 use 11 internet
9 use 12 and
10 the 11 internet
12 and 13 associated
13 associated 15 technologies
14 digital 15 technologies
15 technologies 17 summed
16 , 17 summed
17 summed 18 up
17 summed 19 in
17 summed 26 ,
19 in 24 inclusion
20 the 24 inclusion
21 term 24 inclusion
23 digital 24 inclusion
27 is 28 seen
28 seen 29 to
29 to 30 have
30 have 34 benefits
30 have 39 to
31 wide 32 -
31 wide 34 benefits
33 ranging 34 benefits
34 benefits 35 to
35 to 37 individual
36 the 37 individual
38 , 39 to
39 to 42 and
39 to 45 .
40 the 41 economy
41 economy 42 and
42 and 44 society

for older people , being digitally included can help them to maintain their independence , social connectedness and sense of worth in the face of declining health or limited capabilities , as well as also offering new opportunities to improve their quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 for 3 people
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 being
2 older 3 people
5 being 7 included
5 being 8 can
6 digitally 7 included
8 can 9 help
9 help 10 them
9 help 11 to
9 help 12 maintain
11 to 12 maintain
12 maintain 18 and
12 maintain 22 in
12 maintain 34 as
13 their 14 independence
14 independence 15 ,
15 , 17 connectedness
15 , 18 and
16 social 17 connectedness
18 and 19 sense
18 and 20 of
20 of 21 worth
22 in 28 or
23 the 24 face
24 face 25 of
24 face 28 or
25 of 27 health
26 declining 27 health
28 or 30 capabilities
28 or 31 ,
29 limited 30 capabilities
32 as 33 well
33 well 34 as
34 as 36 offering
35 also 36 offering
36 offering 38 opportunities
37 new 38 opportunities
38 opportunities 39 to
38 opportunities 40 improve
39 to 40 improve
40 improve 42 quality
41 their 42 quality
42 quality 43 of
43 of 44 life

at present however , access to the technology and to the benefits is not equally distributed either [between] [or] within nations , and older people tend to be on the ['] wrong ['] side of what is termed the ['] digital [divide] ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 access
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 distributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 at 2 present
2 present 5 access
3 however 4 ,
3 however 5 access
5 access 9 and
5 access 13 is
6 to 8 technology
6 to 9 and
7 the 8 technology
9 and 10 to
10 to 12 benefits
11 the 12 benefits
13 is 14 not
13 is 16 distributed
15 equally 16 distributed
16 distributed 17 either
16 distributed 20 within
20 within 21 nations
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 people
23 and 26 tend
24 older 25 people
25 people 26 tend
26 tend 27 to
26 tend 28 be
27 to 28 be
28 be 29 on
29 on 34 side
30 the 34 side
32 wrong 34 side
34 side 35 of
35 of 36 what
36 what 37 is
37 is 38 termed
38 termed 41 digital
39 the 41 digital

governments globally are developing strategies to promote digital inclusion and indeed internet uptake is increasing steadily , [including] amongst older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 governments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 governments 3 are
2 globally 3 are
3 are 4 developing
4 developing 5 strategies
4 developing 6 to
6 to 7 promote
7 promote 9 inclusion
8 digital 9 inclusion
10 and 11 indeed
10 and 13 uptake
10 and 14 is
12 internet 13 uptake
13 uptake 14 is
14 is 15 increasing
15 increasing 16 steadily
15 increasing 19 amongst
17 , 19 amongst
19 amongst 21 people
19 amongst 22 .
20 older 21 people

however , such strategies have focussed on getting people online , and there appears to be an assumption that once someone is online they will remain ['] digitally engaged ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 strategies
3 such 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 have
5 have 6 focussed
6 focussed 7 on
7 on 9 people
8 getting 9 people
9 people 10 online
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 there
12 and 16 be
13 there 14 appears
14 appears 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 18 assumption
17 an 18 assumption
18 assumption 19 that
18 assumption 29 engaged
19 that 24 they
19 that 26 remain
20 once 21 someone
20 once 22 is
20 once 24 they
21 someone 22 is
22 is 23 online
24 they 25 will
25 will 26 remain
28 digitally 29 engaged

in fact statistics show that some users give up using the internet , and there is emerging evidence that older people are more vulnerable to the factors which can lead to this outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 statistics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 statistics
3 statistics 4 show
4 show 5 that
4 show 6 some
4 show 10 using
6 some 7 users
6 some 8 give
7 users 8 give
8 give 9 up
10 using 12 internet
11 the 12 internet
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 there
14 and 16 is
15 there 16 is
16 is 18 evidence
17 emerging 18 evidence
18 evidence 19 that
19 that 21 people
19 that 22 are
20 older 21 people
21 people 22 are
22 are 23 more
22 are 24 vulnerable
24 vulnerable 25 to
25 to 27 factors
26 the 27 factors
27 factors 28 which
27 factors 29 can
28 which 29 can
29 can 30 lead
30 lead 31 to
31 to 33 outcome
32 this 33 outcome

the authors see this phenomenon as a potential but largely unrecognised ['] fourth digital [divide] ['] [which] [has] serious implications for social inclusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 see
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 see
3 see 5 phenomenon
3 see 6 as
3 see 9 but
4 this 5 phenomenon
6 as 8 potential
7 a 8 potential
9 but 10 largely
9 but 20 implications
11 unrecognised 20 implications
13 fourth 20 implications
14 digital 20 implications
19 serious 20 implications
20 implications 21 for
21 for 23 inclusion
22 social 23 inclusion

the objectives of this article are ( [a] [ )(to raise awareness of the phenomenon of digital disengagement by considering some of the emerging evidence , [(] [b] [ )(to explore some of the potential implications of [not] recognising [and] therefore [not] addressing the needs of the digitally disengaged older population , [and] [(] [c] [ )(to reveal the prevailing gap in knowledge which future research should address . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
1 the 2 objectives
2 objectives 3 of
2 objectives 6 are
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 are 10 )(to
7 ( 10 )(to
10 )(to 11 raise
11 raise 12 awareness
11 raise 19 by
12 awareness 13 of
13 of 15 phenomenon
14 the 15 phenomenon
15 phenomenon 16 of
16 of 18 disengagement
17 digital 18 disengagement
19 by 20 considering
20 considering 21 some
20 considering 25 evidence
20 considering 32 some
21 some 22 of
22 of 24 emerging
23 the 24 emerging
25 evidence 30 )(to
26 , 30 )(to
30 )(to 31 explore
32 some 33 of
33 of 36 implications
34 the 36 implications
35 potential 36 implications
36 implications 37 of
36 implications 43 addressing
37 of 39 recognising
41 therefore 43 addressing
43 addressing 45 needs
44 the 45 needs
45 needs 46 of
45 needs 57 )(to
46 of 51 population
47 the 51 population
48 digitally 49 disengaged
49 disengaged 51 population
50 older 51 population
52 , 57 )(to
57 )(to 58 reveal
57 )(to 69 .
58 reveal 61 gap
58 reveal 62 in
59 the 61 gap
60 prevailing 61 gap
62 in 63 knowledge
63 knowledge 64 which
63 knowledge 68 address
64 which 66 research
64 which 68 address
65 future 66 research
66 research 67 should
67 should 68 address

none intense interest in the ['] warburg effect ['] has been revived by the discovery that hypoxia - inducible factor 1 ( hif1 ) reprogrammes pyruvate oxidation to lactic acid conversion ; lactic acid is the end product of fermentative glycolysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 revived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 none 3 interest
1 none 11 been
1 none 12 revived
2 intense 3 interest
3 interest 4 in
3 interest 10 has
4 in 8 effect
5 the 8 effect
7 warburg 8 effect
10 has 11 been
12 revived 13 by
12 revived 28 to
13 by 15 discovery
14 the 15 discovery
15 discovery 16 that
16 that 20 factor
16 that 25 reprogrammes
17 hypoxia 18 -
17 hypoxia 20 factor
19 inducible 20 factor
20 factor 21 1
20 factor 23 hif1
20 factor 25 reprogrammes
22 ( 23 hif1
23 hif1 24 )
25 reprogrammes 27 oxidation
26 pyruvate 27 oxidation
28 to 31 conversion
29 lactic 31 conversion
30 acid 31 conversion
32 ; 34 acid
32 ; 35 is
33 lactic 34 acid
34 acid 35 is
35 is 38 product
36 the 38 product
37 end 38 product
38 product 39 of
39 of 41 glycolysis
40 fermentative 41 glycolysis

the most aggressive and invasive cancers , which are often hypoxic , rely on exacerbated glycolysis to meet the increased demand for atp and biosynthetic precursors and also rely on robust ph - regulating systems to combat the excessive generation of lactic and carbonic acids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cancers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 rely
1 the 2 most
2 most 6 cancers
3 aggressive 4 and
4 and 5 invasive
4 and 6 cancers
6 cancers 8 which
6 cancers 13 rely
7 , 8 which
8 which 9 are
8 which 12 ,
9 are 10 often
9 are 11 hypoxic
13 rely 14 on
13 rely 17 to
13 rely 34 regulating
14 on 16 glycolysis
15 exacerbated 16 glycolysis
17 to 27 and
18 meet 21 demand
18 meet 22 for
18 meet 27 and
19 the 21 demand
20 increased 21 demand
22 for 24 and
23 atp 24 and
24 and 26 precursors
25 biosynthetic 26 precursors
27 and 29 rely
28 also 29 rely
29 rely 30 on
30 on 32 ph
31 robust 32 ph
33 - 34 regulating
34 regulating 35 systems
34 regulating 36 to
34 regulating 46 .
36 to 37 combat
37 combat 40 generation
38 the 40 generation
39 excessive 40 generation
40 generation 41 of
41 of 43 and
42 lactic 43 and
43 and 45 acids
44 carbonic 45 acids

in this review , we present the key ph [-] regulating systems and synthesize recent advances in strategies that combine the disruption of ph control with bioenergetic mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 13 and
6 present 9 ph
6 present 13 and
7 the 9 ph
8 key 9 ph
9 ph 11 regulating
11 regulating 12 systems
13 and 14 synthesize
14 synthesize 16 advances
14 synthesize 17 in
15 recent 16 advances
17 in 18 strategies
18 strategies 19 that
18 strategies 20 combine
19 that 20 combine
20 combine 22 disruption
20 combine 26 with
21 the 22 disruption
22 disruption 23 of
23 of 25 control
24 ph 25 control
26 with 28 mechanisms
27 bioenergetic 28 mechanisms

we discuss the possibility of exploiting , in rapidly growing tumours , acute cell death by ['] metabolic catastrophe ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 4 possibility
3 the 4 possibility
4 possibility 5 of
5 of 6 exploiting
6 exploiting 8 in
6 exploiting 15 death
6 exploiting 16 by
7 , 8 in
8 in 10 growing
8 in 12 ,
9 rapidly 10 growing
10 growing 11 tumours
13 acute 14 cell
14 cell 15 death
16 by 19 catastrophe
18 metabolic 19 catastrophe

background : with aging , the probability of experiencing multiple chronic conditions has increased , along with symptoms associated with these conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 with
3 with 4 aging
5 , 7 probability
5 , 14 increased
6 the 7 probability
7 probability 8 of
7 probability 13 has
8 of 9 experiencing
9 experiencing 12 conditions
10 multiple 12 conditions
11 chronic 12 conditions
13 has 14 increased
14 increased 17 with
15 , 17 with
16 along 17 with
17 with 18 symptoms
17 with 23 .
18 symptoms 19 associated
18 symptoms 20 with
20 with 22 conditions
21 these 22 conditions

symptoms form a central component of illness burden , and distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 form
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 symptoms 2 form
2 form 5 component
3 a 4 central
3 a 5 component
4 central 5 component
5 component 6 of
6 of 10 and
7 illness 8 burden
8 burden 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 distress

to date , most symptom measures have focused on a particular disease population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 6 measures
3 , 8 focused
4 most 6 measures
5 symptom 6 measures
6 measures 7 have
7 have 8 focused
8 focused 9 on
9 on 13 population
10 a 11 particular
10 a 13 population
11 particular 12 disease
12 disease 13 population

objective : we aimed to develop and evaluate a simple symptom screen using data obtained from a representative sample of community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 aimed
3 we 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 7 and
5 to 7 and
6 develop 7 and
7 and 8 evaluate
7 and 13 using
8 evaluate 12 screen
9 a 10 simple
9 a 12 screen
10 simple 11 symptom
11 symptom 12 screen
13 using 14 data
14 data 15 obtained
14 data 16 from
14 data 20 of
16 from 19 sample
17 a 18 representative
17 a 19 sample
18 representative 19 sample
20 of 25 adults
21 community 23 dwelling
23 dwelling 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

methods : psychometric analyses were conducted on 10 self [-] reported dichotomous symptom indicators collected during in [-] person interviews from a sample of 1000 community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 psychometric
2 : 20 interviews
3 psychometric 4 analyses
3 psychometric 16 during
3 psychometric 20 interviews
4 analyses 5 were
5 were 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 on
6 conducted 15 collected
7 on 14 indicators
8 10 14 indicators
9 self 11 reported
11 reported 13 symptom
12 dichotomous 13 symptom
13 symptom 14 indicators
15 collected 16 during
17 in 19 person
19 person 20 interviews
20 interviews 21 from
21 from 23 sample
22 a 23 sample
23 sample 24 of
24 of 30 adults
25 1000 30 adults
26 community 28 dwelling
28 dwelling 30 adults
29 older 30 adults

symptoms included shortness of breath , feeling tired or fatigued , problems with balance or dizziness , perceived weakness in legs , constipation , daily pain , stiffness , poor appetite , anxiety , and anhedonia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 symptoms 2 included
2 included 3 shortness
3 shortness 4 of
4 of 5 breath
6 , 7 feeling
6 , 9 or
6 , 11 ,
7 feeling 9 or
8 tired 9 or
9 or 10 fatigued
11 , 35 and
12 problems 13 with
12 problems 15 or
13 with 14 balance
15 or 16 dizziness
15 or 19 weakness
15 or 23 constipation
15 or 35 and
17 , 19 weakness
18 perceived 19 weakness
19 weakness 20 in
19 weakness 22 ,
20 in 21 legs
22 , 23 constipation
23 constipation 26 pain
23 constipation 34 ,
24 , 26 pain
25 daily 26 pain
26 pain 28 stiffness
26 pain 34 ,
27 , 28 stiffness
28 stiffness 31 appetite
28 stiffness 33 anxiety
28 stiffness 34 ,
29 , 31 appetite
30 poor 31 appetite
31 appetite 32 ,
32 , 33 anxiety
33 anxiety 34 ,
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 anhedonia

results : over one third of the individuals ( 37.4 % ) had 5 [or] more concurrent symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 third
2 : 13 had
2 : 19 .
3 over 5 third
4 one 5 third
5 third 6 of
5 third 13 had
6 of 8 individuals
7 the 8 individuals
8 individuals 11 %
9 ( 11 %
10 37.4 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 had 18 symptoms
14 5 16 more
16 more 18 symptoms
17 concurrent 18 symptoms

stiffness and feeling tired were the most common symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 stiffness 2 and
2 and 3 feeling
2 and 4 tired
2 and 5 were
5 were 9 symptoms
6 the 7 most
7 most 9 symptoms
8 common 9 symptoms

confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the 10 symptoms for single [factor] and bifactor ( physical and affective ) models of symptom reporting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 confirmatory 3 analyses
2 factor 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 performed
5 performed 6 on
5 performed 10 for
6 on 9 symptoms
7 the 8 10
8 10 9 symptoms
10 for 20 models
11 single 13 and
13 and 14 bifactor
13 and 17 and
13 and 20 models
15 ( 17 and
16 physical 17 and
17 and 18 affective
17 and 19 )
20 models 21 of
21 of 23 reporting
22 symptom 23 reporting

goodness - [of] - fit indices indicated better fit for the bifactor model ( χdf=10=89.6 ; p<0.001 [ )(, but the practical significance of the improvement [in] fit was negligible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 goodness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 - 4 -
2 - 9 fit
2 - 16 ;
2 - 20 but
4 - 6 indices
5 fit 6 indices
6 indices 7 indicated
6 indices 9 fit
7 indicated 8 better
9 fit 10 for
10 for 13 model
11 the 13 model
12 bifactor 13 model
13 model 15 χdf=10=89.6
14 ( 15 χdf=10=89.6
15 χdf=10=89.6 16 ;
16 ; 17 p<0.001
19 )(, 20 but
20 but 23 significance
20 but 29 was
21 the 23 significance
22 practical 23 significance
23 significance 24 of
23 significance 29 was
24 of 28 fit
25 the 28 fit
26 improvement 28 fit
29 was 30 negligible

differential item functioning analyses showed some differences of relatively high magnitude in location parameters by race ; however , because the differential item functioning was in different directions , the impact on the overall measure was most likely lessened . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 differential 2 item
2 item 4 analyses
3 functioning 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 showed
5 showed 7 differences
6 some 7 differences
7 differences 8 of
7 differences 12 in
7 differences 15 by
8 of 11 magnitude
9 relatively 10 high
10 high 11 magnitude
12 in 14 parameters
13 location 14 parameters
15 by 16 race
17 ; 31 impact
17 ; 36 was
18 however 31 impact
19 , 20 because
20 because 23 item
20 because 25 was
20 because 29 ,
20 because 31 impact
21 the 23 item
22 differential 23 item
23 item 24 functioning
23 item 25 was
25 was 26 in
26 in 28 directions
27 different 28 directions
30 the 31 impact
31 impact 32 on
31 impact 36 was
32 on 35 measure
33 the 35 measure
34 overall 35 measure
36 was 39 lessened
37 most 38 likely
38 likely 39 lessened

conclusions : among community [-] dwelling older adults , a large proportion experienced multiple co - occurring symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 among
3 among 8 adults
4 community 6 dwelling
6 dwelling 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
9 , 12 proportion
9 , 13 experienced
10 a 11 large
10 a 12 proportion
11 large 12 proportion
12 proportion 13 experienced
13 experienced 18 symptoms
14 multiple 18 symptoms
15 co 16 -
15 co 18 symptoms
17 occurring 18 symptoms

this brief symptom screen can be used to quickly measure the overall symptom load in older adult populations , including those with multiple chronic conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 screen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
1 this 4 screen
2 brief 3 symptom
3 symptom 4 screen
4 screen 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 10 measure
8 to 10 measure
9 quickly 10 measure
10 measure 14 load
11 the 14 load
12 overall 13 symptom
13 symptom 14 load
14 load 15 in
14 load 20 including
15 in 18 populations
16 older 17 adult
17 adult 18 populations
19 , 20 including
20 including 21 those
20 including 22 with
20 including 26 .
22 with 25 conditions
23 multiple 25 conditions
24 chronic 25 conditions

age [-] related thymic [involution] is accompanied by a decrease in thymopoiesis and , thus , a deficiency in t [cell] [-] mediated immunity in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 age 3 related
1 age 6 is
3 related 4 thymic
6 is 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
7 accompanied 11 in
8 by 10 decrease
9 a 10 decrease
11 in 12 thymopoiesis
13 and 14 ,
13 and 15 thus
13 and 18 deficiency
13 and 23 mediated
14 , 15 thus
15 thus 16 ,
17 a 18 deficiency
18 deficiency 19 in
18 deficiency 23 mediated
19 in 20 t
23 mediated 24 immunity
23 mediated 25 in
25 in 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly

a number of events involved [in] [thymic] [involution] have been discovered ; however , it remains unclear as to whether they are causes or consequences [of] thymic involution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 discovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 5 involved
2 number 9 have
3 of 4 events
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 discovered
12 ; 15 it
12 ; 16 remains
13 however 14 ,
13 however 15 it
15 it 16 remains
16 remains 17 unclear
17 unclear 19 to
18 as 19 to
19 to 20 whether
20 whether 21 they
20 whether 22 are
21 they 22 are
22 are 24 or
23 causes 24 or
24 or 28 involution
25 consequences 28 involution
27 thymic 28 involution

these events include the degeneration of [t] cell progenitors , as well as the deterioration of the thymic stroma , which is a characteristic of thymic epithelial cell loss due to increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 these 2 events
2 events 3 include
3 include 5 degeneration
4 the 5 degeneration
5 degeneration 6 of
5 degeneration 11 as
6 of 9 progenitors
8 cell 9 progenitors
10 , 11 as
11 as 12 well
11 as 20 ,
12 well 13 as
12 well 16 of
13 as 15 deterioration
14 the 15 deterioration
16 of 19 stroma
17 the 19 stroma
18 thymic 19 stroma
20 , 21 which
20 , 22 is
21 which 22 is
22 is 24 characteristic
22 is 31 to
23 a 24 characteristic
24 characteristic 25 of
25 of 29 loss
26 thymic 28 cell
27 epithelial 28 cell
28 cell 29 loss
30 due 31 to
31 to 34 and
32 increased 33 apoptosis
33 apoptosis 34 and
34 and 37 proliferation
35 decreased 36 cell
36 cell 37 proliferation

micrornas ( mirnas ) are believed to play important roles in the regulation of cell death and proliferation during the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 micrornas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 micrornas 3 mirnas
1 micrornas 5 are
2 ( 3 mirnas
3 mirnas 4 )
5 are 6 believed
6 believed 7 to
6 believed 8 play
7 to 8 play
8 play 10 roles
8 play 11 in
8 play 19 during
9 important 10 roles
11 in 13 regulation
12 the 13 regulation
13 regulation 14 of
14 of 17 and
15 cell 16 death
16 death 17 and
17 and 18 proliferation
19 during 22 process
20 the 22 process
21 aging 22 process

in the present study , we compared the transcriptional levels of various mirnas in tecs from young and aged mice using microarray analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 compared
7 compared 10 levels
7 compared 14 in
7 compared 16 from
8 the 10 levels
9 transcriptional 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
11 of 13 mirnas
12 various 13 mirnas
14 in 15 tecs
16 from 20 mice
17 young 18 and
18 and 19 aged
18 and 20 mice
20 mice 21 using
21 using 23 analysis
22 microarray 23 analysis

quantitative pcr was performed to confirm the changes in the expression of mirnas in the different age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pcr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 quantitative 2 pcr
2 pcr 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 to
4 performed 14 in
5 to 6 confirm
6 confirm 8 changes
6 confirm 9 in
7 the 8 changes
9 in 11 expression
10 the 11 expression
11 expression 12 of
12 of 13 mirnas
14 in 18 groups
15 the 18 groups
16 different 17 age
17 age 18 groups

possible downstream targets and pathways of these mirnas were predicted by performing bioinformatics analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 targets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 possible 3 targets
2 downstream 3 targets
4 and 5 pathways
4 and 10 predicted
5 pathways 6 of
5 pathways 9 were
6 of 8 mirnas
7 these 8 mirnas
9 were 10 predicted
10 predicted 11 by
11 by 12 performing
12 performing 14 analysis
13 bioinformatics 14 analysis

to the best of our knowledge , this is the first study to systematically analyze the expression of mirnas in mouse tecs and to demonstrate that mirna expression is altered with thymic aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 3 best
1 to 7 ,
1 to 8 this
2 the 3 best
3 best 4 of
4 of 6 knowledge
5 our 6 knowledge
8 this 9 is
9 is 12 study
9 is 13 to
10 the 12 study
11 first 12 study
13 to 23 and
14 systematically 15 analyze
15 analyze 17 expression
15 analyze 23 and
16 the 17 expression
17 expression 18 of
18 of 19 mirnas
19 mirnas 20 in
20 in 22 tecs
21 mouse 22 tecs
23 and 24 to
23 and 25 demonstrate
23 and 31 with
24 to 25 demonstrate
25 demonstrate 26 that
26 that 27 mirna
26 that 30 altered
27 mirna 28 expression
27 mirna 29 is
27 mirna 30 altered
28 expression 29 is
31 with 33 aging
32 thymic 33 aging

objective : we described a case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient taking multiple supplements as part of a naturopathic anti - aging regimen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 described
2 : 27 .
3 we 4 described
4 described 6 case
4 described 12 in
4 described 18 as
5 a 6 case
6 case 7 of
7 of 11 thrombosis
8 cerebral 10 sinus
9 venous 10 sinus
10 sinus 11 thrombosis
12 in 14 patient
13 a 14 patient
14 patient 15 taking
15 taking 17 supplements
16 multiple 17 supplements
18 as 19 part
19 part 20 of
20 of 26 regimen
21 a 22 naturopathic
21 a 26 regimen
22 naturopathic 26 regimen
23 anti 24 -
23 anti 26 regimen
25 aging 26 regimen

methods : case report . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 report
2 : 5 .
3 case 4 report

results : the patient presented [with] [a] thalamic [infarct] associated with a thrombus in the vein of galen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 patient
3 the 4 patient
4 patient 5 presented
4 patient 10 associated
5 presented 8 thalamic
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 in
11 with 13 thrombus
12 a 13 thrombus
14 in 16 vein
15 the 16 vein
16 vein 17 of
17 of 18 galen

he reported no previous history of endocrinopathy and no known hypercoagulability risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 he
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 he 2 reported
2 reported 8 and
2 reported 12 risk
3 no 5 history
4 previous 5 history
5 history 6 of
5 history 8 and
6 of 7 endocrinopathy
8 and 11 hypercoagulability
8 and 12 risk
9 no 11 hypercoagulability
10 known 11 hypercoagulability
12 risk 13 factors

he was treated with therapeutic anticoagulation resulting in improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 he
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 he 2 was
2 was 3 treated
3 treated 4 with
4 with 6 anticoagulation
5 therapeutic 6 anticoagulation
6 anticoagulation 7 resulting
7 resulting 8 in
8 in 9 improvement

diagnostic workup revealed hyperthyroidism and gonadotrophic deficiency attributed to significant supplement medicine usage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 workup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 diagnostic 2 workup
2 workup 3 revealed
3 revealed 5 and
3 revealed 9 to
4 hyperthyroidism 5 and
5 and 7 deficiency
5 and 8 attributed
6 gonadotrophic 7 deficiency
9 to 13 usage
10 significant 11 supplement
11 supplement 13 usage
12 medicine 13 usage

conclusion : this case highlights a potential risk of dietary supplements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 case
2 : 5 highlights
2 : 12 .
3 this 4 case
4 case 5 highlights
5 highlights 8 risk
6 a 7 potential
6 a 8 risk
7 potential 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 11 supplements
10 dietary 11 supplements

use of these supplements may be a risk factor for idiopathic cerebral venous thrombosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 use 2 of
1 use 5 may
2 of 4 supplements
3 these 4 supplements
5 may 6 be
6 be 9 factor
7 a 9 factor
8 risk 9 factor
9 factor 10 for
10 for 14 thrombosis
11 idiopathic 14 thrombosis
12 cerebral 14 thrombosis
13 venous 14 thrombosis

primary [hypertension] is a very common disorder particularly in the aging population but hypertensive disorders can appear earlier in life , especially when obesity and unhealthy lifestyle are present . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 primary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
1 primary 3 is
3 is 7 disorder
3 is 8 particularly
4 a 5 very
4 a 7 disorder
5 very 6 common
6 common 7 disorder
8 particularly 9 in
9 in 12 population
10 the 12 population
11 aging 12 population
13 but 15 disorders
13 but 17 appear
14 hypertensive 15 disorders
15 disorders 16 can
16 can 17 appear
17 appear 18 earlier
17 appear 19 in
17 appear 23 when
19 in 20 life
21 , 22 especially
21 , 23 when
23 when 25 and
23 when 28 are
23 when 30 .
24 obesity 25 and
25 and 27 lifestyle
25 and 28 are
26 unhealthy 27 lifestyle
28 are 29 present

also pregnant women can be at risk of developing gestational hypertension [and/or] pre - eclampsia , which causes complications in nearly 7 % of pregnancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 also 3 women
2 pregnant 3 women
3 women 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 at
5 be 20 in
6 at 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
7 risk 17 which
7 risk 18 causes
8 of 9 developing
9 developing 13 pre
10 gestational 11 hypertension
11 hypertension 13 pre
13 pre 15 eclampsia
14 - 15 eclampsia
15 eclampsia 16 ,
17 which 18 causes
18 causes 19 complications
20 in 23 %
21 nearly 22 7
22 7 23 %
23 % 24 of
24 of 25 pregnancies

these " special " populations could be regarded as natural models suited to reveal mechanisms of hypertension development which are either common to other forms of [hypertension] , including primary [hypertension] or specific to these populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 populations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 regarded
1 these 2 "
1 these 5 populations
3 special 4 "
3 special 5 populations
5 populations 6 could
6 could 7 be
7 be 8 regarded
8 regarded 9 as
8 regarded 29 including
9 as 11 models
10 natural 11 models
11 models 12 suited
11 models 13 to
11 models 26 of
13 to 14 reveal
14 reveal 15 mechanisms
14 reveal 23 to
15 mechanisms 16 of
15 mechanisms 19 which
15 mechanisms 20 are
16 of 18 development
17 hypertension 18 development
19 which 20 are
20 are 21 either
20 are 22 common
23 to 25 forms
24 other 25 forms
25 forms 26 of
28 , 29 including
29 including 36 populations
29 including 37 .
30 primary 32 or
32 or 33 specific
32 or 36 populations
33 specific 34 to
34 to 35 these

recent studies in the field of genetics of primary hypertension have used new powerful tools , [such] as genome - wide association studies ( [gwas] [ )(and sequencing , but studies about hypertension during childhood and in pregnancy [have] seldom used high - throughput technologies and the knowledge in this field comes mostly from the candidate gene approach [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 in
2 studies 8 of
2 studies 11 have
3 in 5 field
4 the 5 field
5 field 6 of
6 of 7 genetics
8 of 10 hypertension
9 primary 10 hypertension
11 have 15 tools
12 used 15 tools
13 new 15 tools
14 powerful 15 tools
15 tools 20 -
16 , 20 -
18 as 19 genome
18 as 20 -
19 genome 20 -
20 - 27 )(and
21 wide 23 studies
22 association 23 studies
23 studies 27 )(and
24 ( 27 )(and
27 )(and 28 sequencing
27 )(and 29 ,
27 )(and 36 and
30 but 31 studies
30 but 36 and
31 studies 32 about
31 studies 34 during
32 about 33 hypertension
34 during 35 childhood
36 and 37 in
37 in 46 and
38 pregnancy 45 technologies
40 seldom 41 used
41 used 44 throughput
42 high 43 -
42 high 44 throughput
44 throughput 45 technologies
45 technologies 46 and
46 and 48 knowledge
46 and 49 in
46 and 51 field
46 and 52 comes
47 the 48 knowledge
49 in 50 this
51 field 52 comes
52 comes 53 mostly
53 mostly 54 from
54 from 58 approach
55 the 58 approach
56 candidate 58 approach
57 gene 58 approach

in this review we summarize some interesting results from genetic studies conducted in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and underline the need to apply modern technologies in these potentially very fruitful populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 20 and
5 summarize 8 results
5 summarize 17 and
5 summarize 20 and
6 some 8 results
7 interesting 8 results
8 results 9 from
9 from 11 studies
10 genetic 11 studies
11 studies 12 conducted
13 in 15 and
13 in 17 and
14 childhood 15 and
15 and 16 adolescence
17 and 18 during
18 during 19 pregnancy
20 and 21 underline
21 underline 23 need
22 the 23 need
23 need 24 to
23 need 25 apply
24 to 25 apply
25 apply 27 technologies
25 apply 28 in
26 modern 27 technologies
28 in 33 populations
29 these 33 populations
30 potentially 32 fruitful
31 very 32 fruitful
32 fruitful 33 populations

none one of the main difficulties in facial age estimation is that [the] learning algorithms cannot expect sufficient and complete training data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 expect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 none 2 one
1 none 14 learning
1 none 16 cannot
2 one 3 of
2 one 11 is
3 of 6 difficulties
4 the 6 difficulties
5 main 6 difficulties
6 difficulties 7 in
7 in 10 estimation
8 facial 9 age
9 age 10 estimation
11 is 12 that
12 that 14 learning
14 learning 15 algorithms
16 cannot 17 expect
17 expect 22 data
18 sufficient 19 and
19 and 20 complete
19 and 22 data
21 training 22 data

fortunately , the faces at close ages look quite similar since aging is a slow and smooth process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 faces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 look
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 fortunately 2 ,
1 fortunately 4 faces
3 the 4 faces
4 faces 5 at
4 faces 8 look
5 at 7 ages
6 close 7 ages
8 look 10 similar
9 quite 10 similar
10 similar 11 since
11 since 12 aging
11 since 13 is
12 aging 13 is
13 is 18 process
14 a 18 process
15 slow 16 and
16 and 17 smooth
16 and 18 process

inspired by this observation , instead of considering each face image as an instance with one label ( age ) , this paper regards each face image as an instance associated with a label distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 regards
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 inspired 2 by
1 inspired 7 of
1 inspired 21 ,
1 inspired 23 paper
2 by 4 observation
3 this 4 observation
5 , 7 of
6 instead 7 of
7 of 8 considering
7 of 20 )
8 considering 11 image
8 considering 12 as
9 each 11 image
10 face 11 image
12 as 14 instance
13 an 14 instance
14 instance 15 with
15 with 17 label
16 one 17 label
17 label 19 age
18 ( 19 age
19 age 20 )
22 this 23 paper
23 paper 24 regards
24 regards 27 image
24 regards 28 as
25 each 27 image
26 face 27 image
28 as 30 instance
29 an 30 instance
30 instance 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
32 with 35 distribution
33 a 35 distribution
34 label 35 distribution

the label distribution covers a certain number of class labels , representing the degree that each [label] describes the instance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 covers
1 the 3 distribution
2 label 3 distribution
3 distribution 4 covers
4 covers 10 labels
5 a 6 certain
5 a 7 number
6 certain 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 10 labels
8 of 10 labels
9 class 10 labels
10 labels 12 representing
11 , 12 representing
12 representing 14 degree
12 representing 21 .
13 the 14 degree
14 degree 15 that
14 degree 18 describes
15 that 18 describes
16 each 18 describes
18 describes 20 instance
19 the 20 instance

through this way , one face image can contribute [to] not only the learning of its chronological age , but also the learning of its adjacent ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 image
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 through 3 way
1 through 4 ,
1 through 7 image
2 this 3 way
5 one 7 image
6 face 7 image
7 image 8 can
8 can 9 contribute
9 contribute 21 also
11 not 12 only
12 only 21 also
13 the 14 learning
14 learning 15 of
14 learning 21 also
15 of 18 age
16 its 18 age
17 chronological 18 age
19 , 21 also
20 but 21 also
21 also 23 learning
22 the 23 learning
23 learning 24 of
24 of 27 ages
25 its 27 ages
26 adjacent 27 ages

two algorithms , named iis - lld and cpnn , are proposed to learn from such label distributions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 algorithms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 two 2 algorithms
2 algorithms 4 named
2 algorithms 11 are
3 , 4 named
4 named 9 cpnn
4 named 10 ,
5 iis 7 lld
6 - 7 lld
7 lld 8 and
8 and 9 cpnn
11 are 12 proposed
12 proposed 13 to
12 proposed 15 from
13 to 14 learn
15 from 18 distributions
16 such 18 distributions
17 label 18 distributions

experimental results on two aging face databases show remarkable advantages of the proposed label distribution learning algorithms over the compared single - label learning algorithms , either specially designed for age estimation or for general purpose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 show
1 experimental 2 results
2 results 3 on
2 results 5 aging
2 results 8 show
3 on 4 two
5 aging 7 databases
6 face 7 databases
8 show 10 advantages
8 show 18 over
8 show 29 designed
9 remarkable 10 advantages
10 advantages 11 of
11 of 15 distribution
12 the 15 distribution
13 proposed 14 label
14 label 15 distribution
15 distribution 16 learning
16 learning 17 algorithms
18 over 23 label
19 the 23 label
20 compared 23 label
21 single 22 -
21 single 23 label
23 label 24 learning
24 learning 25 algorithms
26 , 29 designed
27 either 29 designed
28 specially 29 designed
29 designed 33 or
29 designed 37 .
30 for 32 estimation
30 for 33 or
31 age 32 estimation
33 or 34 for
34 for 36 purpose
35 general 36 purpose

based on the two main frameworks for evaluating scientific evidence ( sec and grade ) european cardiovascular prevention guidelines recommend interventions across all life stages using a combination of population - base [d] and high - risk strategies with diet as the cornerstone of prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 7 for
1 based 15 )
1 based 19 guidelines
2 on 6 frameworks
3 the 4 two
4 two 5 main
4 two 6 frameworks
7 for 8 evaluating
8 evaluating 10 evidence
9 scientific 10 evidence
10 evidence 14 grade
11 ( 14 grade
12 sec 13 and
13 and 14 grade
14 grade 15 )
16 european 19 guidelines
17 cardiovascular 18 prevention
18 prevention 19 guidelines
19 guidelines 20 recommend
20 recommend 21 interventions
20 recommend 40 diet
21 interventions 22 across
21 interventions 40 diet
22 across 23 all
23 all 25 stages
23 all 39 with
24 life 25 stages
25 stages 26 using
25 stages 34 and
25 stages 37 risk
26 using 28 combination
27 a 28 combination
28 combination 29 of
29 of 30 population
31 - 34 and
32 base 34 and
34 and 35 high
34 and 36 -
37 risk 38 strategies
37 risk 39 with
40 diet 41 as
41 as 43 cornerstone
42 the 43 cornerstone
43 cornerstone 44 of
44 of 45 prevention

the evaluation of cardiovascular risk ( cvr ) incorporates hdl levels and psychosocial factors , a very high risk category , and the concept of age - risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 incorporates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 evaluation
2 evaluation 3 of
2 evaluation 7 cvr
2 evaluation 9 incorporates
3 of 5 risk
4 cardiovascular 5 risk
6 ( 7 cvr
7 cvr 8 )
9 incorporates 22 and
10 hdl 11 levels
11 levels 12 and
12 and 14 factors
12 and 15 ,
13 psychosocial 14 factors
15 , 20 category
15 , 22 and
16 a 17 very
16 a 20 category
17 very 18 high
19 risk 20 category
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 concept
22 and 25 of
23 the 24 concept
25 of 26 age
27 - 28 risk

they also recommend cognitive - behavioural methods ( e.g [.] , motivational interviewing , psychological interventions ) led by health professionals and with the participation of the patient 's family , to counterbalance psychosocial stress and reduce cvr through the institution of positive habits such as a healthy diet , physical activity , smoking cessation , and adherence to treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 they 31 ,
2 also 3 recommend
3 recommend 13 interviewing
3 recommend 18 led
3 recommend 31 ,
4 cognitive 7 methods
4 cognitive 13 interviewing
5 - 7 methods
6 behavioural 7 methods
7 methods 9 e.g
7 methods 11 ,
8 ( 9 e.g
9 e.g 11 ,
12 motivational 13 interviewing
13 interviewing 16 interventions
13 interviewing 18 led
14 , 16 interventions
15 psychological 16 interventions
16 interventions 17 )
18 led 22 and
19 by 21 professionals
19 by 22 and
20 health 21 professionals
22 and 23 with
23 with 25 participation
24 the 25 participation
25 participation 26 of
26 of 30 family
27 the 28 patient
28 patient 29 's
29 's 30 family
31 , 32 to
31 , 36 and
31 , 39 through
31 , 46 as
32 to 36 and
33 counterbalance 35 stress
33 counterbalance 36 and
34 psychosocial 35 stress
36 and 37 reduce
37 reduce 38 cvr
39 through 41 institution
40 the 41 institution
41 institution 42 of
42 of 44 habits
43 positive 44 habits
45 such 46 as
46 as 57 and
47 a 48 healthy
47 a 49 diet
48 healthy 49 diet
49 diet 50 ,
50 , 52 activity
50 , 53 ,
51 physical 52 activity
53 , 55 cessation
53 , 57 and
54 smoking 55 cessation
56 , 57 and
57 and 58 adherence
57 and 59 to
59 to 60 treatment

additionally , public health interventions - such as smoking ban [in] public areas or the elimination of trans fatty acids from the food chain - are also essential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 5 interventions
3 public 4 health
4 health 5 interventions
5 interventions 14 or
5 interventions 26 are
6 - 14 or
7 such 13 areas
8 as 9 smoking
9 smoking 10 ban
10 ban 13 areas
12 public 13 areas
13 areas 14 or
14 or 16 elimination
14 or 17 of
14 or 20 acids
14 or 24 chain
14 or 25 -
15 the 16 elimination
17 of 18 trans
19 fatty 20 acids
20 acids 21 from
20 acids 24 chain
21 from 23 food
22 the 23 food
26 are 27 also
26 are 28 essential

other innovations [include] abandoning antiplatelet therapy in primary prevention and the recommendation of maintaining blood pressure within the 130 - 139/80 - 85 mmhg range in diabetic patients and individuals with high cvr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 innovations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 other 2 innovations
2 innovations 4 abandoning
2 innovations 13 of
2 innovations 16 pressure
4 abandoning 6 therapy
4 abandoning 7 in
5 antiplatelet 6 therapy
7 in 10 and
8 primary 9 prevention
9 prevention 10 and
10 and 12 recommendation
11 the 12 recommendation
13 of 14 maintaining
14 maintaining 15 blood
16 pressure 17 within
16 pressure 22 -
16 pressure 25 range
16 pressure 26 in
16 pressure 31 with
17 within 19 130
18 the 19 130
20 - 21 139/80
21 139/80 22 -
22 - 23 85
23 85 24 mmhg
24 mmhg 25 range
26 in 29 and
27 diabetic 28 patients
28 patients 29 and
29 and 30 individuals
31 with 33 cvr
32 high 33 cvr

finally , due to the significant impact on patient progress and medical costs , special emphasis is given to the low therapeutic adherence levels observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 emphasis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 observed
1 finally 16 emphasis
2 , 4 to
3 due 4 to
4 to 7 impact
4 to 14 ,
4 to 16 emphasis
5 the 7 impact
6 significant 7 impact
7 impact 8 on
8 on 11 and
9 patient 10 progress
10 progress 11 and
11 and 13 costs
12 medical 13 costs
15 special 16 emphasis
16 emphasis 17 is
17 is 18 given
18 given 19 to
19 to 21 low
20 the 21 low
22 therapeutic 23 adherence
23 adherence 24 levels
24 levels 25 observed
25 observed 26 .

in sum , improving cardiovascular prevention requires a true partnership among the political class , public administrations , scientific and professional associations , health foundations , consumer associations , patients and their families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 prevention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 sum
2 sum 3 ,
2 sum 6 prevention
4 improving 6 prevention
5 cardiovascular 6 prevention
6 prevention 7 requires
7 requires 10 partnership
7 requires 11 among
8 a 10 partnership
9 true 10 partnership
11 among 14 class
12 the 14 class
13 political 14 class
14 class 17 administrations
14 class 22 associations
15 , 17 administrations
16 public 17 administrations
17 administrations 18 ,
18 , 22 associations
19 scientific 20 and
20 and 21 professional
20 and 22 associations
22 associations 23 ,
23 , 31 and
24 health 25 foundations
25 foundations 26 ,
26 , 28 associations
26 , 29 ,
27 consumer 28 associations
29 , 30 patients
29 , 31 and
31 and 33 families
32 their 33 families

such partnership would promote population - [based] and individual strategies by taking advantage of the broad spectrum of scientific evidence available , from clinical trials to observational studies and mathematical models to evaluate population - based interventions , including cost - effectiveness analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 partnership
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 promote
1 such 2 partnership
2 partnership 3 would
3 would 4 promote
4 promote 29 and
4 promote 32 to
5 population 8 and
6 - 8 and
8 and 10 strategies
8 and 22 ,
8 and 23 from
8 and 29 and
9 individual 10 strategies
10 strategies 11 by
11 by 12 taking
12 taking 13 advantage
13 advantage 14 of
14 of 17 spectrum
15 the 17 spectrum
16 broad 17 spectrum
17 spectrum 18 of
17 spectrum 21 available
18 of 20 evidence
19 scientific 20 evidence
23 from 25 trials
24 clinical 25 trials
25 trials 26 to
26 to 28 studies
27 observational 28 studies
29 and 31 models
30 mathematical 31 models
32 to 33 evaluate
33 evaluate 34 population
34 population 37 interventions
34 population 39 including
34 population 43 analyses
35 - 37 interventions
36 based 37 interventions
37 interventions 38 ,
38 , 39 including
39 including 40 cost
39 including 41 -
41 - 43 analyses
42 effectiveness 43 analyses
43 analyses 44 .

purpose of the study : the study investigates whether productive activities by older adults reduce bodily inflammation , as indicated by c - reactive protein ( crp ) , a biomeasure associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 the
3 the 4 study
5 : 7 study
5 : 8 investigates
5 : 23 -
5 : 39 .
6 the 7 study
7 study 8 investigates
8 investigates 9 whether
9 whether 11 activities
9 whether 15 reduce
10 productive 11 activities
11 activities 12 by
11 activities 15 reduce
12 by 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 reduce 17 inflammation
15 reduce 21 by
16 bodily 17 inflammation
17 inflammation 20 indicated
18 , 20 indicated
19 as 20 indicated
21 by 22 c
23 - 25 protein
23 - 29 ,
24 reactive 25 protein
25 protein 27 crp
26 ( 27 crp
27 crp 28 )
29 , 31 biomeasure
29 , 32 associated
30 a 31 biomeasure
31 biomeasure 32 associated
32 associated 33 with
33 with 35 risk
34 the 35 risk
35 risk 36 of
36 of 38 diseases
37 cardiovascular 38 diseases

design and methods : the study uses a representative survey of adults aged 57 - 85 from the national social life , health , and aging project ( n = 1,790 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 study
4 : 7 uses
4 : 33 .
5 the 6 study
6 study 7 uses
7 uses 10 survey
7 uses 17 from
8 a 10 survey
9 representative 10 survey
10 survey 11 of
10 survey 13 aged
11 of 12 adults
13 aged 15 -
14 57 15 -
15 - 16 85
17 from 25 and
18 the 21 life
19 national 20 social
20 social 21 life
21 life 22 ,
22 , 23 health
22 , 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 project
25 and 30 =
26 aging 27 project
28 ( 30 =
29 n 30 =
30 = 31 1,790
30 = 32 )

linear regression models were used to analyze the effects of multiple roles ( employment , volunteering , attending meetings , and caregiving ) and the frequency of activity within each role on log values of crp concentration ( [mg/l] [ )(drawn from assayed blood samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
1 linear 16 volunteering
1 linear 17 ,
2 regression 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 analyze
6 to 7 analyze
7 analyze 9 effects
7 analyze 16 volunteering
8 the 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
9 effects 14 employment
9 effects 16 volunteering
10 of 12 roles
11 multiple 12 roles
13 ( 14 employment
14 employment 15 ,
17 , 19 meetings
17 , 21 and
18 attending 19 meetings
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 caregiving
21 and 23 )
21 and 24 and
24 and 26 frequency
25 the 26 frequency
26 frequency 27 of
27 of 28 activity
28 activity 29 within
28 activity 35 of
28 activity 41 )(drawn
29 within 31 role
30 each 31 role
31 role 32 on
32 on 34 values
33 log 34 values
35 of 37 concentration
36 crp 37 concentration
38 ( 41 )(drawn
41 )(drawn 42 from
41 )(drawn 46 .
42 from 45 samples
43 assayed 44 blood
44 blood 45 samples

results : number of roles for productive activities was associated with lower levels of crp net of chronic conditions , lifestyle factors , and socioeconomic resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 number
2 : 10 associated
2 : 27 .
3 number 4 of
3 number 9 was
4 of 5 roles
5 roles 6 for
6 for 8 activities
7 productive 8 activities
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 levels
12 lower 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
13 levels 17 of
14 of 16 net
15 crp 16 net
17 of 24 and
18 chronic 19 conditions
19 conditions 20 ,
20 , 22 factors
20 , 24 and
21 lifestyle 22 factors
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 resources
25 socioeconomic 26 resources

when specific types of activity were examined , volunteering manifested the strongest association with lower levels of inflammation , particularly in the 70+ group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 volunteering
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 manifested
1 when 4 of
1 when 7 examined
1 when 8 ,
1 when 9 volunteering
2 specific 4 of
3 types 4 of
4 of 5 activity
4 of 6 were
6 were 7 examined
7 examined 8 ,
9 volunteering 10 manifested
10 manifested 13 association
10 manifested 14 with
11 the 12 strongest
11 the 13 association
14 with 16 levels
15 lower 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
17 of 18 inflammation
18 inflammation 21 in
19 , 20 particularly
19 , 21 in
21 in 24 group
21 in 25 .
22 the 24 group
23 70+ 24 group

there was no evidence that frequent engagement in volunteer activity was associated with heightened inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 evidence
3 no 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 7 engagement
5 that 12 associated
6 frequent 7 engagement
7 engagement 8 in
7 engagement 11 was
8 in 10 activity
9 volunteer 10 activity
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 inflammation
14 heightened 15 inflammation

implications : productive activities - and frequent volunteering in particular - may protect individuals from inflammation that is associated with increased risk of hypertension [and] cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 6 and
2 : 13 protect
3 productive 4 activities
4 activities 6 and
5 - 6 and
6 and 8 volunteering
6 and 11 -
6 and 12 may
7 frequent 8 volunteering
8 volunteering 10 particular
9 in 10 particular
12 may 13 protect
13 protect 14 individuals
13 protect 15 from
15 from 16 inflammation
16 inflammation 17 that
16 inflammation 18 is
17 that 18 is
18 is 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 risk
21 increased 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 27 disease
24 hypertension 27 disease
26 cardiovascular 27 disease

purpose of the study : the current study depicts improvement and decline in functioning among 3 population groups of israeli older adults : jews and veteran immigrants , former soviet union immigrants , and arabs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 the
3 the 4 study
5 : 8 study
5 : 9 depicts
5 : 23 :
5 : 28 ,
6 the 8 study
7 current 8 study
8 study 9 depicts
9 depicts 11 and
9 depicts 13 in
10 improvement 11 and
11 and 12 decline
13 in 14 functioning
14 functioning 15 among
15 among 18 groups
16 3 18 groups
17 population 18 groups
18 groups 19 of
19 of 22 adults
20 israeli 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
23 : 27 immigrants
24 jews 25 and
25 and 26 veteran
25 and 27 immigrants
28 , 34 and
29 former 30 soviet
30 soviet 32 immigrants
31 union 32 immigrants
32 immigrants 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 arabs

older age , higher number of diseases and comorbidity , living with others ( not the spouse ) compared with living alone , receiving informal help and formal help with homemaking , and [declined] mental health and cognitive status predict deterioration in physical functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 older 2 age
3 , 8 and
3 , 19 compared
3 , 33 and
4 higher 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 8 and
6 of 7 diseases
8 and 9 comorbidity
8 and 10 ,
8 and 11 living
8 and 19 compared
10 , 11 living
11 living 12 with
11 living 18 )
12 with 13 others
13 others 17 spouse
14 ( 15 not
14 ( 17 spouse
16 the 17 spouse
17 spouse 18 )
19 compared 20 with
19 compared 22 alone
19 compared 24 receiving
20 with 21 living
23 , 24 receiving
24 receiving 27 and
24 receiving 30 with
24 receiving 32 ,
25 informal 26 help
26 help 27 and
27 and 29 help
28 formal 29 help
30 with 31 homemaking
32 , 33 and
33 and 37 and
33 and 40 predict
35 mental 36 health
36 health 37 and
37 and 39 status
37 and 40 predict
38 cognitive 39 status
40 predict 41 deterioration
41 deterioration 42 in
42 in 44 functioning
43 physical 44 functioning

also , arab older adults are at higher risk of deterioration over time compared with jewish older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 5 adults
3 arab 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 are
6 are 7 at
6 are 12 over
7 at 9 risk
8 higher 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 11 deterioration
12 over 13 time
13 time 14 compared
14 compared 15 with
15 with 18 adults
16 jewish 18 adults
17 older 18 adults

implications : findings imply that noncompatible assistance to older adults may " save [them] the hassle " of doing things by themselves and thus [,] weakens a potential functional rehabilitation process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 findings
2 : 4 imply
2 : 32 .
3 findings 4 imply
4 imply 7 assistance
4 imply 8 to
5 that 6 noncompatible
6 noncompatible 7 assistance
8 to 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 23 and
11 may 12 "
11 may 13 save
11 may 23 and
13 save 16 hassle
13 save 21 by
15 the 16 hassle
16 hassle 17 "
16 hassle 18 of
18 of 19 doing
19 doing 20 things
21 by 22 themselves
23 and 26 weakens
23 and 31 process
24 thus 26 weakens
26 weakens 28 potential
27 a 28 potential
29 functional 30 rehabilitation
30 rehabilitation 31 process

there is a need to guide not only professional personnel but also nonprofessional home care workers and family members on how [to] encourage and retain older adults ' functions as much as possible in order to improve their quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 need
3 a 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 17 and
5 to 17 and
6 guide 12 also
6 guide 17 and
7 not 8 only
8 only 12 also
9 professional 10 personnel
10 personnel 12 also
11 but 12 also
12 also 16 workers
13 nonprofessional 14 home
14 home 16 workers
15 care 16 workers
17 and 24 and
18 family 19 members
19 members 20 on
19 members 23 encourage
20 on 21 how
23 encourage 24 and
24 and 25 retain
25 retain 29 functions
25 retain 36 to
26 older 27 adults
27 adults 28 '
28 ' 29 functions
29 functions 30 as
29 functions 33 possible
30 as 31 much
32 as 33 possible
33 possible 34 in
34 in 35 order
36 to 37 improve
37 improve 39 quality
38 their 39 quality
39 quality 40 of
40 of 41 life

another implication of investing in rehabilitation is that it might reduce the disability rate among older adults and thus save health expenditures on long - term care at the macrosocial level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 another 2 implication
2 implication 3 of
2 implication 7 is
3 of 4 investing
4 investing 5 in
5 in 6 rehabilitation
7 is 8 that
8 that 9 it
8 that 18 and
9 it 10 might
10 might 18 and
11 reduce 14 rate
11 reduce 18 and
12 the 14 rate
13 disability 14 rate
14 rate 15 among
15 among 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 and 20 save
18 and 28 at
19 thus 20 save
20 save 22 expenditures
20 save 23 on
21 health 22 expenditures
23 on 27 care
24 long 25 -
24 long 26 term
26 term 27 care
28 at 31 level
29 the 31 level
30 macrosocial 31 level

dr [.] sidney katz 's legacy to the field of gerontology is internationally recognized as his success at developing standardized measures and processes , beginning with the activities of daily living index , for the functional assessment of older adults with chronic conditions necessitating long - term services and supports . 
1 dr 3 sidney
3 sidney 4 katz
4 katz 5 's
5 's 6 legacy
6 legacy 7 to
6 legacy 10 of
6 legacy 12 is
7 to 9 field
8 the 9 field
10 of 11 gerontology
12 is 22 and
13 internationally 14 recognized
14 recognized 15 as
14 recognized 17 success
14 recognized 18 at
14 recognized 22 and
15 as 16 his
18 at 19 developing
19 developing 21 measures
20 standardized 21 measures
22 and 23 processes
22 and 25 beginning
22 and 34 for
24 , 25 beginning
25 beginning 26 with
25 beginning 32 index
25 beginning 33 ,
26 with 28 activities
27 the 28 activities
28 activities 29 of
29 of 30 daily
31 living 32 index
34 for 37 assessment
35 the 37 assessment
36 functional 37 assessment
37 assessment 38 of
38 of 49 and
39 older 40 adults
40 adults 41 with
40 adults 44 necessitating
40 adults 49 and
41 with 43 conditions
42 chronic 43 conditions
44 necessitating 48 services
45 long 46 -
45 long 47 term
47 term 48 services
49 and 50 supports
49 and 51 .

[few] other scholars and researchers in the history of the field of aging can claim one , much less multiple monumental contributions leading to major advances in the treatment of chronic illness and the quality of long - term care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 claim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
2 other 3 scholars
3 scholars 4 and
4 and 5 researchers
4 and 6 in
4 and 9 of
4 and 12 of
4 and 14 can
6 in 8 history
7 the 8 history
9 of 11 field
10 the 11 field
12 of 13 aging
14 can 15 claim
15 claim 16 one
17 , 22 contributions
17 , 37 long
17 , 38 -
18 much 19 less
19 less 20 multiple
20 multiple 22 contributions
21 monumental 22 contributions
22 contributions 23 leading
22 contributions 36 of
22 contributions 37 long
23 leading 24 to
23 leading 26 advances
24 to 25 major
26 advances 27 in
27 in 33 and
28 the 29 treatment
29 treatment 30 of
29 treatment 33 and
30 of 32 illness
31 chronic 32 illness
33 and 35 quality
33 and 36 of
34 the 35 quality
38 - 40 care
38 - 41 .
39 term 40 care

cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest that provides a barrier to neoplastic transformation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 3 is
3 is 6 form
4 an 5 irreversible
4 an 6 form
5 irreversible 6 form
6 form 7 of
6 form 11 that
6 form 12 provides
7 of 10 arrest
8 cell 10 arrest
9 cycle 10 arrest
11 that 12 provides
12 provides 14 barrier
12 provides 15 to
13 a 14 barrier
15 to 17 transformation
16 neoplastic 17 transformation

the integrity of the rb ( retinoblastoma ) pathway is necessary for the formation of the senescence - associated heterochromatin foci ( sahf ) that offers a molecular basis for the stability of the senescent state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integrity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 integrity
2 integrity 3 of
2 integrity 10 is
3 of 9 pathway
4 the 9 pathway
5 rb 7 retinoblastoma
5 rb 9 pathway
6 ( 7 retinoblastoma
7 retinoblastoma 8 )
10 is 11 necessary
11 necessary 12 for
11 necessary 30 for
12 for 14 formation
13 the 14 formation
14 formation 15 of
14 formation 25 that
14 formation 26 offers
15 of 17 senescence
16 the 17 senescence
17 senescence 21 foci
18 - 21 foci
19 associated 20 heterochromatin
20 heterochromatin 21 foci
21 foci 23 sahf
21 foci 24 )
22 ( 23 sahf
23 sahf 24 )
25 that 26 offers
26 offers 29 basis
27 a 28 molecular
27 a 29 basis
28 molecular 29 basis
30 for 32 stability
31 the 32 stability
32 stability 33 of
33 of 36 state
34 the 36 state
35 senescent 36 state

surprisingly , although high mobility group a2 protein ( hmga2 ) can promote tumorigenesis and inhibit rb [function] in tumor cells , high - level expression of hmga2 is sufficient to induce sahf formation in primary cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 surprisingly 2 ,
1 surprisingly 8 protein
3 although 5 mobility
3 although 8 protein
4 high 5 mobility
6 group 8 protein
7 a2 8 protein
8 protein 10 hmga2
8 protein 12 can
9 ( 10 hmga2
10 hmga2 11 )
12 can 15 and
13 promote 14 tumorigenesis
13 promote 15 and
15 and 22 ,
15 and 35 in
16 inhibit 17 rb
16 inhibit 19 in
16 inhibit 22 ,
19 in 21 cells
20 tumor 21 cells
22 , 32 induce
23 high 24 -
23 high 26 expression
25 level 26 expression
26 expression 27 of
26 expression 29 is
27 of 28 hmga2
29 is 30 sufficient
30 sufficient 31 to
31 to 32 induce
32 induce 34 formation
33 sahf 34 formation
35 in 37 cells
36 primary 37 cells

it therefore becomes significant to determine whether rb protein is necessary in hmga2 - induced sahf formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 becomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 it 3 becomes
2 therefore 3 becomes
3 becomes 4 significant
4 significant 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 7 whether
7 whether 9 protein
7 whether 10 is
8 rb 9 protein
9 protein 10 is
10 is 11 necessary
11 necessary 12 in
12 in 13 hmga2
14 - 17 formation
15 induced 17 formation
16 sahf 17 formation

in this study , we established the cellular senescence and sahf assembly wi38 cell model by ectopic expression of hmga2 , in which typical senescent markers were seen , including notable upregulation of p53 , p21 and p16 , and elevated sa - β - galactosidase staining together with downregulation of e2f target genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 established
6 established 10 and
7 the 10 and
8 cellular 9 senescence
9 senescence 10 and
10 and 15 model
10 and 16 by
10 and 19 of
11 sahf 12 assembly
12 assembly 15 model
13 wi38 15 model
14 cell 15 model
16 by 18 expression
17 ectopic 18 expression
19 of 20 hmga2
21 , 22 in
21 , 41 elevated
21 , 43 -
22 in 23 which
22 in 25 senescent
23 which 25 senescent
24 typical 25 senescent
25 senescent 26 markers
25 senescent 41 elevated
26 markers 40 and
27 were 28 seen
27 were 40 and
28 seen 30 including
28 seen 37 and
29 , 30 including
30 including 32 upregulation
30 including 35 ,
31 notable 32 upregulation
32 upregulation 33 of
33 of 34 p53
36 p21 37 and
37 and 38 p16
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 elevated
41 elevated 42 sa
43 - 44 β
43 - 45 -
45 - 46 galactosidase
46 galactosidase 47 staining
46 galactosidase 48 together
46 galactosidase 49 with
46 galactosidase 51 of
49 with 50 downregulation
51 of 54 genes
52 e2f 54 genes
53 target 54 genes

we then showed that the rb pathway inhibitor e7 protein was able to partly abolish the ability of sahf formation after hmga2 expression in wi38 cells , indicating that rb is a crucial factor for hmga2 - induced sahf formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 3 showed
2 then 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 6 rb
4 that 38 induced
5 the 6 rb
6 rb 10 protein
6 rb 15 abolish
6 rb 38 induced
7 pathway 10 protein
8 inhibitor 10 protein
9 e7 10 protein
10 protein 11 was
11 was 12 able
12 able 13 to
12 able 15 abolish
13 to 15 abolish
14 partly 15 abolish
15 abolish 17 ability
16 the 17 ability
17 ability 18 of
18 of 20 formation
19 sahf 20 formation
20 formation 21 after
20 formation 24 in
21 after 23 expression
22 hmga2 23 expression
24 in 26 cells
25 wi38 26 cells
26 cells 28 indicating
27 , 28 indicating
28 indicating 29 that
28 indicating 37 -
29 that 30 rb
29 that 31 is
30 rb 31 is
31 is 34 factor
32 a 34 factor
33 crucial 34 factor
34 factor 35 for
35 for 36 hmga2
38 induced 40 formation
39 sahf 40 formation

however , rb depletion did not completely rescue the cell growth arrest induced by hmga2 , suggesting that rb is not an exclusive pathway for hmga2 - induced senescence in wi38 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 rb
3 rb 4 depletion
3 rb 8 rescue
3 rb 13 induced
3 rb 28 induced
4 depletion 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 8 rescue
7 completely 8 rescue
8 rescue 12 arrest
9 the 12 arrest
10 cell 11 growth
11 growth 12 arrest
13 induced 14 by
13 induced 17 suggesting
14 by 15 hmga2
16 , 17 suggesting
17 suggesting 18 that
17 suggesting 27 -
18 that 19 rb
18 that 20 is
19 rb 20 is
20 is 21 not
20 is 24 pathway
22 an 24 pathway
23 exclusive 24 pathway
24 pathway 25 for
25 for 26 hmga2
28 induced 29 senescence
28 induced 30 in
30 in 32 cells
31 wi38 32 cells

unlabelled : hutchinson - gilford progeria [syndrome] ( hgps ) is a rare segmental premature aging disorder that recapitulates some biological and physical aspects of physiological aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 3 hutchinson
4 - 6 progeria
4 - 11 is
5 gilford 6 progeria
6 progeria 9 hgps
6 progeria 11 is
8 ( 9 hgps
9 hgps 10 )
11 is 17 disorder
12 a 17 disorder
13 rare 17 disorder
14 segmental 17 disorder
15 premature 17 disorder
16 aging 17 disorder
17 disorder 18 that
17 disorder 19 recapitulates
18 that 19 recapitulates
19 recapitulates 24 aspects
20 some 24 aspects
21 biological 22 and
22 and 23 physical
22 and 24 aspects
24 aspects 25 of
25 of 27 aging
26 physiological 27 aging

the disease is caused by a sporadic dominant mutation in the lmna gene that leads to the expression of progerin , a mutant form of lamin a that lacks 50 amino acids and retains a toxic farnesyl modification in its carboxy - terminus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 disease
2 disease 3 is
3 is 4 caused
4 caused 5 by
4 caused 16 to
5 by 9 mutation
6 a 7 sporadic
6 a 9 mutation
7 sporadic 9 mutation
8 dominant 9 mutation
9 mutation 10 in
9 mutation 14 that
9 mutation 15 leads
10 in 13 gene
11 the 13 gene
12 lmna 13 gene
14 that 15 leads
16 to 18 expression
17 the 18 expression
18 expression 19 of
19 of 20 progerin
20 progerin 24 form
21 , 24 form
22 a 24 form
23 mutant 24 form
24 form 25 of
24 form 28 that
24 form 33 and
24 form 42 -
25 of 26 lamin
26 lamin 27 a
28 that 33 and
29 lacks 32 acids
29 lacks 33 and
30 50 32 acids
31 amino 32 acids
33 and 34 retains
34 retains 38 modification
35 a 36 toxic
35 a 38 modification
36 toxic 37 farnesyl
37 farnesyl 38 modification
38 modification 39 in
39 in 41 carboxy
40 its 41 carboxy
42 - 43 terminus

however , the mechanisms underlying cellular damage and senescence and accelerated aging in hgps are incompletely understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 10 and
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 underlying
4 mechanisms 8 and
5 underlying 7 damage
6 cellular 7 damage
8 and 9 senescence
8 and 10 and
10 and 12 aging
10 and 13 in
10 and 15 are
11 accelerated 12 aging
13 in 14 hgps
15 are 16 incompletely
15 are 17 understood

here , we analyzed fibroblasts from healthy subjects and hgps patients using silac ( stable isotope labeling [with] amino acids in cell culture ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 fibroblasts
4 analyzed 6 from
4 analyzed 12 using
6 from 9 and
7 healthy 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 and
9 and 11 patients
10 hgps 11 patients
12 using 13 silac
13 silac 20 acids
14 ( 20 acids
15 stable 16 isotope
16 isotope 20 acids
17 labeling 20 acids
19 amino 20 acids
20 acids 21 in
20 acids 24 )
21 in 23 culture
22 cell 23 culture

we found in hgps cells a marked downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction , a process thought to provoke broad organ decline during normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 in
2 found 5 cells
2 found 26 decline
3 in 4 hgps
5 cells 8 downregulation
5 cells 14 accompanied
5 cells 26 decline
6 a 8 downregulation
7 marked 8 downregulation
8 downregulation 9 of
8 downregulation 14 accompanied
9 of 13 proteins
10 mitochondrial 12 phosphorylation
11 oxidative 12 phosphorylation
12 phosphorylation 13 proteins
14 accompanied 15 by
14 accompanied 22 to
15 by 17 dysfunction
16 mitochondrial 17 dysfunction
18 , 21 thought
19 a 20 process
20 process 21 thought
21 thought 22 to
22 to 23 provoke
23 provoke 25 organ
24 broad 25 organ
26 decline 27 during
27 during 29 aging
28 normal 29 aging

we also found mitochondrial dysfunction in fibroblasts from adult progeroid mice expressing progerin ( lmna ( g609g/g609g ) knock - in mice ) or prelamin a ( zmpste24 - null mice ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 24 or
4 mitochondrial 5 dysfunction
5 dysfunction 6 in
5 dysfunction 24 or
6 in 7 fibroblasts
7 fibroblasts 8 from
8 from 10 progeroid
9 adult 10 progeroid
10 progeroid 11 mice
10 progeroid 19 knock
11 mice 12 expressing
11 mice 19 knock
12 expressing 13 progerin
13 progerin 15 lmna
14 ( 15 lmna
15 lmna 17 g609g/g609g
15 lmna 18 )
16 ( 17 g609g/g609g
17 g609g/g609g 18 )
19 knock 21 in
20 - 21 in
21 in 22 mice
21 in 23 )
24 or 25 prelamin
24 or 28 zmpste24
25 prelamin 26 a
27 ( 28 zmpste24
28 zmpste24 31 mice
28 zmpste24 32 )
29 - 31 mice
30 null 31 mice
31 mice 32 )

analysis of tissues from these mouse models revealed that the damaging effect of these proteins on mitochondrial function [is] time - and dose - dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 analysis 2 of
1 analysis 8 revealed
2 of 3 tissues
3 tissues 4 from
4 from 7 models
5 these 7 models
6 mouse 7 models
8 revealed 22 and
9 that 22 and
10 the 12 effect
11 damaging 12 effect
12 effect 13 of
12 effect 22 and
13 of 15 proteins
14 these 15 proteins
15 proteins 16 on
16 on 20 time
17 mitochondrial 18 function
18 function 20 time
21 - 22 and
22 and 23 dose
24 - 25 dependent
24 - 26 .

mitochondrial alterations were not observed in the brain , a tissue with extremely low progerin expression that seems to be unaffected in hgps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
1 mitochondrial 2 alterations
2 alterations 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 in
4 not 5 observed
6 in 8 brain
7 the 8 brain
8 brain 11 tissue
9 , 11 tissue
10 a 11 tissue
11 tissue 12 with
11 tissue 17 that
11 tissue 18 seems
11 tissue 24 .
12 with 16 expression
13 extremely 14 low
14 low 16 expression
15 progerin 16 expression
17 that 18 seems
18 seems 19 to
18 seems 20 be
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 unaffected
21 unaffected 22 in
22 in 23 hgps

remarkably , mitochondrial function [was] restored [in] progeroid mouse fibroblasts treated with the isoprenylation inhibitors fti - 277 or pravastatin plus zoledronate , which are being tested in hgps clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 zoledronate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 19 or
3 mitochondrial 4 function
4 function 10 fibroblasts
6 restored 10 fibroblasts
8 progeroid 9 mouse
9 mouse 10 fibroblasts
10 fibroblasts 11 treated
10 fibroblasts 19 or
11 treated 12 with
12 with 16 fti
12 with 18 277
13 the 15 inhibitors
14 isoprenylation 15 inhibitors
15 inhibitors 16 fti
17 - 18 277
19 or 21 plus
19 or 22 zoledronate
20 pravastatin 21 plus
23 , 24 which
23 , 25 are
24 which 25 are
25 are 26 being
26 being 27 tested
27 tested 28 in
28 in 31 trials
29 hgps 31 trials
30 clinical 31 trials

our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to premature organ [decline] and aging in hgps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 dysfunction
4 that 7 contributes
5 mitochondrial 6 dysfunction
6 dysfunction 7 contributes
7 contributes 8 to
7 contributes 14 in
8 to 12 and
9 premature 10 organ
10 organ 12 and
12 and 13 aging
14 in 15 hgps

beyond its effects on progeria , prelamin a and progerin may also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and organ damage during normal aging , since these proteins are expressed in cells and tissues from [non] [-] hgps individuals , most [prominently] at advanced ages . 
1 beyond 3 effects
1 beyond 6 ,
1 beyond 9 and
2 its 3 effects
3 effects 4 on
4 on 5 progeria
7 prelamin 8 a
7 prelamin 9 and
9 and 10 progerin
9 and 11 may
11 may 13 contribute
12 also 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
13 contribute 24 since
14 to 17 and
15 mitochondrial 16 dysfunction
16 dysfunction 17 and
17 and 19 damage
17 and 23 ,
18 organ 19 damage
19 damage 20 during
20 during 22 aging
21 normal 22 aging
24 since 26 proteins
24 since 28 expressed
25 these 26 proteins
26 proteins 27 are
27 are 28 expressed
28 expressed 29 in
28 expressed 33 from
29 in 31 and
30 cells 31 and
31 and 32 tissues
33 from 37 individuals
36 hgps 37 individuals
37 individuals 39 most
38 , 39 most
39 most 41 at
39 most 44 .
41 at 43 ages
42 advanced 43 ages

biological significance : mutations in lmna or defective processing of prelamin a causes premature aging disorders , including hutchinson - gilford progeria [syndrome] ( hgps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
1 biological 2 significance
2 significance 3 :
3 : 4 mutations
4 mutations 5 in
5 in 6 lmna
7 or 9 processing
7 or 13 causes
8 defective 9 processing
9 processing 10 of
9 processing 13 causes
10 of 11 prelamin
11 prelamin 12 a
13 causes 16 disorders
13 causes 18 including
14 premature 16 disorders
15 aging 16 disorders
17 , 18 including
18 including 19 hutchinson
18 including 27 .
19 hutchinson 22 progeria
20 - 22 progeria
21 gilford 22 progeria
22 progeria 25 hgps
22 progeria 26 )
24 ( 25 hgps
25 hgps 26 )

most hgps patients carry in heterozygosis [a] de [-] novo point mutation ( c.1824c>t : ggc>ggt ; p.g608g [ )(which causes the expression of the lamin a mutant protein called progerin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 carry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 most 3 patients
2 hgps 3 patients
3 patients 4 carry
4 carry 5 in
4 carry 10 novo
4 carry 12 mutation
5 in 6 heterozygosis
8 de 10 novo
11 point 12 mutation
12 mutation 14 c.1824c>t
13 ( 14 c.1824c>t
14 c.1824c>t 15 :
15 : 16 ggc>ggt
15 : 17 ;
17 ; 18 p.g608g
17 ; 30 called
18 p.g608g 20 )(which
18 p.g608g 21 causes
18 p.g608g 30 called
20 )(which 21 causes
21 causes 23 expression
22 the 23 expression
23 expression 24 of
24 of 29 protein
25 the 29 protein
26 lamin 27 a
26 lamin 29 protein
28 mutant 29 protein
30 called 31 progerin

despite the importance of progerin and prelamin a in accelerated aging , the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 despite 3 importance
1 despite 12 ,
1 despite 16 mechanisms
2 the 3 importance
3 importance 4 of
4 of 6 and
5 progerin 6 and
6 and 7 prelamin
6 and 9 in
7 prelamin 8 a
9 in 11 aging
10 accelerated 11 aging
13 the 16 mechanisms
14 underlying 16 mechanisms
15 molecular 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 remain
17 remain 19 unknown
18 largely 19 unknown

to tackle this question , we compared the proteome of skin - derived dermal fibroblast from hgps patients and age - matched controls using quantitative stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture ( silac ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 to 2 tackle
1 to 5 ,
1 to 6 we
2 tackle 4 question
3 this 4 question
6 we 7 compared
7 compared 9 proteome
8 the 9 proteome
9 proteome 10 of
9 proteome 15 fibroblast
9 proteome 23 controls
10 of 11 skin
12 - 15 fibroblast
13 derived 15 fibroblast
14 dermal 15 fibroblast
15 fibroblast 16 from
15 fibroblast 21 -
16 from 19 and
17 hgps 18 patients
18 patients 19 and
19 and 20 age
21 - 23 controls
22 matched 23 controls
23 controls 24 using
23 controls 29 with
23 controls 36 silac
23 controls 37 )
24 using 28 labeling
25 quantitative 28 labeling
26 stable 28 labeling
27 isotope 28 labeling
29 with 31 acids
30 amino 31 acids
31 acids 32 in
32 in 34 culture
33 cell 34 culture
35 ( 36 silac
36 silac 37 )

our results show a pronounced down - regulation of several components of the mitochondrial atpase complex accompanied by up - regulation of some glycolytic enzymes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 8 regulation
4 a 8 regulation
5 pronounced 8 regulation
6 down 7 -
6 down 8 regulation
8 regulation 9 of
8 regulation 12 of
8 regulation 17 accompanied
9 of 11 components
10 several 11 components
12 of 16 complex
13 the 16 complex
14 mitochondrial 16 complex
15 atpase 16 complex
17 accompanied 18 by
18 by 21 regulation
19 up 20 -
19 up 21 regulation
21 regulation 22 of
22 of 25 enzymes
23 some 25 enzymes
24 glycolytic 25 enzymes

accordingly , functional studies demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in hgps fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 4 studies
3 functional 4 studies
4 studies 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 7 dysfunction
5 demonstrated 10 fibroblasts
6 mitochondrial 7 dysfunction
7 dysfunction 8 in
7 dysfunction 10 fibroblasts
8 in 9 hgps

moreover , our expression and functional studies using cellular and animal models confirmed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of progeria which develops in a time - and dose - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 confirmed
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 and
3 our 4 expression
4 expression 5 and
5 and 7 studies
5 and 8 using
5 and 13 confirmed
6 functional 7 studies
8 using 12 models
9 cellular 10 and
10 and 11 animal
10 and 12 models
13 confirmed 16 dysfunction
13 confirmed 17 is
14 that 15 mitochondrial
15 mitochondrial 16 dysfunction
16 dysfunction 17 is
17 is 19 feature
17 is 24 in
18 a 19 feature
19 feature 20 of
19 feature 22 which
19 feature 23 develops
20 of 21 progeria
22 which 23 develops
24 in 28 and
25 a 26 time
26 time 28 and
27 - 28 and
28 and 29 dose
28 and 32 manner
30 - 32 manner
31 dependent 32 manner
32 manner 33 .

finally , we demonstrate improved mitochondrial function [in] progeroid mouse cells treated with a combination of statins and aminobisphosphonates , two drugs that are being evaluated in ongoing hgps clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 18 and
4 demonstrate 11 cells
4 demonstrate 13 with
4 demonstrate 18 and
5 improved 10 mouse
6 mitochondrial 10 mouse
7 function 10 mouse
9 progeroid 10 mouse
10 mouse 11 cells
11 cells 12 treated
13 with 15 combination
14 a 15 combination
15 combination 16 of
16 of 17 statins
18 and 19 aminobisphosphonates
18 and 25 being
18 and 27 in
18 and 31 trials
20 , 25 being
21 two 22 drugs
22 drugs 23 that
22 drugs 24 are
22 drugs 25 being
23 that 24 are
25 being 26 evaluated
27 in 29 hgps
28 ongoing 29 hgps
30 clinical 31 trials

although further studies are needed to unravel the mechanisms through which progerin and prelamin a provoke mitochondrial abnormalities , our findings may pave the way to improved treatments of hgps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 pave
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 3 studies
1 although 7 unravel
1 although 19 ,
1 although 21 findings
2 further 3 studies
3 studies 4 are
4 are 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 7 unravel
7 unravel 9 mechanisms
8 the 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 through
10 through 11 which
10 through 13 and
10 through 16 provoke
12 progerin 13 and
13 and 14 prelamin
13 and 16 provoke
14 prelamin 15 a
16 provoke 18 abnormalities
17 mitochondrial 18 abnormalities
20 our 21 findings
21 findings 22 may
22 may 23 pave
23 pave 25 way
23 pave 26 to
24 the 25 way
26 to 28 treatments
27 improved 28 treatments
28 treatments 29 of
29 of 30 hgps

these studies may also improve our knowledge of the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction during normal aging , since both progerin and prelamin a have been found to accumulate during normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 may
3 may 5 improve
4 also 5 improve
5 improve 7 knowledge
6 our 7 knowledge
7 knowledge 8 of
8 of 10 mechanisms
9 the 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 leading
11 leading 12 to
11 leading 15 during
12 to 14 dysfunction
13 mitochondrial 14 dysfunction
15 during 17 aging
16 normal 17 aging
18 , 22 and
18 , 27 found
19 since 20 both
19 since 22 and
21 progerin 22 and
22 and 23 prelamin
22 and 25 have
23 prelamin 24 a
25 have 26 been
26 been 27 found
27 found 28 to
28 to 29 accumulate
29 accumulate 30 during
30 during 32 aging
31 normal 32 aging

unlabelled : telomerase inhibition causes progressive telomere shortening and cellular senescence , which constitutes a universal barrier to tumor growth and therefore an attractive target for tumor therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 9 and
2 : 12 ,
3 telomerase 7 telomere
4 inhibition 7 telomere
5 causes 6 progressive
6 progressive 7 telomere
7 telomere 8 shortening
7 telomere 9 and
9 and 11 senescence
10 cellular 11 senescence
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 constitutes
13 which 14 constitutes
14 constitutes 21 and
14 constitutes 26 for
15 a 17 barrier
16 universal 17 barrier
17 barrier 18 to
17 barrier 21 and
18 to 20 growth
19 tumor 20 growth
21 and 22 therefore
21 and 25 target
23 an 24 attractive
23 an 25 target
24 attractive 25 target
26 for 28 therapy
27 tumor 28 therapy

to expand our previous studies , we investigated the global effects of telomere dysfunction on the proteome of tumor cells in order to find novel senescence biomarkers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 expand
2 expand 5 studies
3 our 5 studies
4 previous 5 studies
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 investigated
7 we 8 investigated
8 investigated 11 effects
8 investigated 15 on
8 investigated 21 in
8 investigated 23 to
9 the 11 effects
10 global 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 14 dysfunction
13 telomere 14 dysfunction
15 on 17 proteome
16 the 17 proteome
17 proteome 18 of
18 of 20 cells
19 tumor 20 cells
21 in 22 order
23 to 24 find
24 find 26 senescence
24 find 27 biomarkers
25 novel 26 senescence
26 senescence 27 biomarkers

telomerase - deficient hct - 116 cell clones were analyzed by a quantitative proteomic approach using isotope - coded protein labeling ( icpl ) and nanoflow - hplc - ms/ms . stringent reduction of the extensive proteomic data from this tumor cell model revealed a list of 59 markers including proteins identified in our former studies and a number of novel proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis such as sfn , s100a4 , anxa2 , and lgals1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 78 .
1 telomerase 4 hct
1 telomerase 25 and
2 - 4 hct
3 deficient 4 hct
4 hct 18 -
4 hct 24 )
5 - 18 -
6 116 8 clones
6 116 9 were
6 116 10 analyzed
6 116 18 -
7 cell 8 clones
8 clones 9 were
10 analyzed 11 by
11 by 17 isotope
12 a 13 quantitative
12 a 17 isotope
13 quantitative 17 isotope
14 proteomic 17 isotope
15 approach 17 isotope
16 using 17 isotope
18 - 21 labeling
18 - 24 )
19 coded 20 protein
20 protein 21 labeling
21 labeling 23 icpl
22 ( 23 icpl
23 icpl 24 )
25 and 30 ms/ms
26 nanoflow 28 hplc
26 nanoflow 29 -
26 nanoflow 30 ms/ms
27 - 28 hplc
28 hplc 29 -
31 . 33 reduction
32 stringent 33 reduction
33 reduction 34 of
33 reduction 44 revealed
34 of 38 data
35 the 38 data
36 extensive 38 data
37 proteomic 38 data
38 data 39 from
39 from 43 model
40 this 43 model
41 tumor 43 model
42 cell 43 model
44 revealed 46 list
44 revealed 53 in
44 revealed 64 in
45 a 46 list
46 list 47 of
46 list 50 including
47 of 49 markers
48 59 49 markers
50 including 51 proteins
51 proteins 52 identified
53 in 57 and
54 our 56 studies
55 former 56 studies
56 studies 57 and
57 and 59 number
57 and 60 of
58 a 59 number
60 of 62 proteins
61 novel 62 proteins
62 proteins 63 involved
64 in 66 and
65 tumorigenesis 66 and
66 and 67 metastasis
66 and 69 as
68 such 69 as
69 as 76 and
70 sfn 71 ,
71 , 72 s100a4
71 , 76 and
72 s100a4 74 anxa2
73 , 74 anxa2
74 anxa2 75 ,
76 and 77 lgals1

a loss of the chromatin protein hmgb2 was [demonstrated] not only in various telomerase - inhibited clones of different tumor cell lines , but also in normal human fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence and in aging telomerase knockout mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 8 was
3 of 7 hmgb2
4 the 6 protein
5 chromatin 6 protein
6 protein 7 hmgb2
8 was 10 not
8 was 11 only
8 was 12 in
8 was 24 but
8 was 33 and
12 in 14 telomerase
13 various 14 telomerase
14 telomerase 17 clones
15 - 17 clones
16 inhibited 17 clones
17 clones 18 of
17 clones 23 ,
18 of 22 lines
19 different 20 tumor
20 tumor 21 cell
21 cell 22 lines
24 but 25 also
26 in 29 fibroblasts
26 in 33 and
27 normal 29 fibroblasts
28 human 29 fibroblasts
29 fibroblasts 30 undergoing
30 undergoing 32 senescence
31 replicative 32 senescence
33 and 34 in
34 in 35 aging
35 aging 38 mice
36 telomerase 38 mice
37 knockout 38 mice

impressively , a coherent and dense network of protein [-] protein interactions for the bulk of the markers and their implementation in signaling pathways involving key regulators for tumorigenesis were revealed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 impressively 2 ,
1 impressively 19 and
3 a 7 network
4 coherent 5 and
5 and 6 dense
5 and 7 network
7 network 8 of
7 network 19 and
8 of 12 interactions
9 protein 12 interactions
11 protein 12 interactions
12 interactions 13 for
12 interactions 16 of
13 for 15 bulk
14 the 15 bulk
16 of 18 markers
17 the 18 markers
19 and 21 implementation
19 and 22 in
19 and 25 involving
19 and 30 were
20 their 21 implementation
22 in 23 signaling
23 signaling 24 pathways
25 involving 27 regulators
26 key 27 regulators
27 regulators 28 for
28 for 29 tumorigenesis
30 were 31 revealed

these results have an impact on the understanding of telomere - and senescence - related signal transduction in tumor cells in consideration of the general lack of senescence markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 have
3 have 5 impact
3 have 6 on
4 an 5 impact
6 on 8 understanding
7 the 8 understanding
8 understanding 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 telomere 12 and
11 - 12 and
12 and 13 senescence
14 - 15 related
15 related 17 transduction
15 related 18 in
15 related 21 in
16 signal 17 transduction
18 in 20 cells
19 tumor 20 cells
21 in 22 consideration
22 consideration 23 of
22 consideration 27 of
23 of 26 lack
24 the 26 lack
25 general 26 lack
27 of 29 markers
28 senescence 29 markers

biological significance : induction of cellular senescence constitutes a potent concept for tumor therapy which interferes with immortalization and additional hallmarks of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 biological 2 significance
3 : 4 induction
3 : 8 constitutes
3 : 24 .
4 induction 5 of
4 induction 8 constitutes
5 of 7 senescence
6 cellular 7 senescence
8 constitutes 11 concept
8 constitutes 17 with
9 a 10 potent
9 a 11 concept
10 potent 11 concept
11 concept 12 for
12 for 14 therapy
13 tumor 14 therapy
14 therapy 15 which
14 therapy 16 interferes
15 which 16 interferes
17 with 19 and
18 immortalization 19 and
19 and 21 hallmarks
19 and 22 of
20 additional 21 hallmarks
22 of 23 cancer

the application of a powerful quantitative proteomic approach using isotope [-] coded protein labeling to an approved model for senescence represented by telomerase inhibited tumor cells led to the identification of novel candidate biomarkers for telomere dysfunction and replicative senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 application
2 application 3 of
2 application 9 using
2 application 14 labeling
2 application 38 and
3 of 8 approach
4 a 8 approach
5 powerful 8 approach
6 quantitative 8 approach
7 proteomic 8 approach
9 using 13 protein
10 isotope 12 coded
12 coded 13 protein
14 labeling 15 to
14 labeling 26 cells
15 to 18 model
16 an 18 model
17 approved 18 model
18 model 19 for
19 for 20 senescence
20 senescence 21 represented
21 represented 22 by
21 represented 24 inhibited
22 by 23 telomerase
25 tumor 26 cells
26 cells 27 led
26 cells 35 for
27 led 28 to
28 to 30 identification
29 the 30 identification
30 identification 31 of
31 of 34 biomarkers
32 novel 33 candidate
33 candidate 34 biomarkers
35 for 37 dysfunction
36 telomere 37 dysfunction
38 and 40 senescence
39 replicative 40 senescence

thereby , the identified markers not only fit in the context of the investigated processes with a relevance for additional hallmarks of cancer but [are] also involved in a strong interaction network and integrated in canonical pathways centered around key cancer - relevant proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 thereby 2 ,
1 thereby 5 markers
3 the 5 markers
4 identified 5 markers
5 markers 6 not
5 markers 19 for
5 markers 33 and
6 not 8 fit
7 only 8 fit
8 fit 9 in
8 fit 16 with
9 in 11 context
10 the 11 context
11 context 12 of
12 of 15 processes
13 the 15 processes
14 investigated 15 processes
16 with 18 relevance
17 a 18 relevance
19 for 21 hallmarks
20 additional 21 hallmarks
21 hallmarks 22 of
21 hallmarks 27 involved
22 of 23 cancer
23 cancer 24 but
24 but 26 also
27 involved 28 in
28 in 31 interaction
29 a 30 strong
29 a 31 interaction
30 strong 31 interaction
32 network 33 and
33 and 34 integrated
33 and 35 in
33 and 44 proteins
35 in 37 pathways
36 canonical 37 pathways
37 pathways 38 centered
38 centered 39 around
38 centered 42 -
38 centered 43 relevant
39 around 41 cancer
40 key 41 cancer

these potential markers alone [or] in combination will significantly extend the view on telomere - associated signal transduction in tumor cells and contribute to the field of cellular senescence and aging in consideration of the general lack of biomarkers in this regard . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 these 3 markers
2 potential 3 markers
3 markers 4 alone
3 markers 22 and
4 alone 6 in
6 in 8 will
7 combination 8 will
9 significantly 10 extend
10 extend 12 view
10 extend 22 and
11 the 12 view
12 view 13 on
13 on 18 transduction
14 telomere 15 -
14 telomere 17 signal
16 associated 17 signal
17 signal 18 transduction
18 transduction 19 in
19 in 21 cells
20 tumor 21 cells
22 and 23 contribute
23 contribute 24 to
23 contribute 32 in
24 to 26 field
25 the 26 field
26 field 27 of
27 of 30 and
28 cellular 29 senescence
29 senescence 30 and
30 and 31 aging
32 in 33 consideration
33 consideration 34 of
33 consideration 40 in
34 of 37 lack
35 the 37 lack
36 general 37 lack
37 lack 38 of
38 of 39 biomarkers
40 in 42 regard
41 this 42 regard

in [hypertension] ( htn [ )(, cerebral blood flow regulation limits are changed , and the threshold for blood pressure ( bp ) at which perfusion is safely maintained is higher . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 limits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 changed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 4 htn
3 ( 4 htn
4 htn 6 )(,
4 htn 9 flow
7 cerebral 8 blood
8 blood 9 flow
9 flow 10 regulation
10 regulation 11 limits
11 limits 12 are
12 are 13 changed
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 threshold
15 and 30 is
16 the 17 threshold
17 threshold 18 for
17 threshold 24 at
17 threshold 30 is
18 for 20 pressure
19 blood 20 pressure
20 pressure 22 bp
21 ( 22 bp
22 bp 23 )
24 at 25 which
24 at 26 perfusion
24 at 29 maintained
26 perfusion 27 is
27 is 28 safely
27 is 29 maintained
30 is 31 higher

this shift may increase the brain 's vulnerability to lower bp in subjects with vascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shift
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 shift
2 shift 3 may
3 may 4 increase
4 increase 8 vulnerability
5 the 6 brain
6 brain 7 's
7 's 8 vulnerability
8 vulnerability 9 to
8 vulnerability 10 lower
9 to 10 lower
10 lower 11 bp
10 lower 12 in
10 lower 14 with
12 in 13 subjects
14 with 16 disease
15 vascular 16 disease

we investigated whether longitudinal reduction in mean arterial pressure ( map ) was related to changes in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) biomarkers of alzheimer 's disease in a group of cognitively healthy elderly [with] [and] [without] htn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
2 investigated 17 in
2 investigated 27 disease
2 investigated 28 in
3 whether 5 reduction
3 whether 14 related
4 longitudinal 5 reduction
5 reduction 6 in
5 reduction 11 map
5 reduction 13 was
6 in 9 pressure
7 mean 9 pressure
8 arterial 9 pressure
10 ( 11 map
11 map 12 )
13 was 14 related
14 related 15 to
15 to 16 changes
17 in 23 biomarkers
18 cerebrospinal 23 biomarkers
19 fluid 21 csf
19 fluid 23 biomarkers
20 ( 21 csf
21 csf 22 )
23 biomarkers 24 of
24 of 26 's
25 alzheimer 26 's
28 in 38 htn
29 a 30 group
30 group 31 of
30 group 38 htn
31 of 38 htn
32 cognitively 33 healthy
33 healthy 38 htn
34 elderly 38 htn

the relationships among map , memory decline , and hippocampal atrophy were also examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 relationships
2 relationships 3 among
2 relationships 5 ,
3 among 4 map
5 , 7 decline
5 , 9 and
6 memory 7 decline
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 atrophy
9 and 12 were
10 hippocampal 11 atrophy
12 were 14 examined
13 also 14 examined

seventy - seven subjects ( age 63.4 ± 9.4 , range 44 - 86 years ; education 16.9 ± 2.1 , range 10 - 22 years [;] 60 % women ) were assessed twice , 2 ± 0.5 years [apart] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 seventy 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 4 subjects
4 subjects 8 ±
4 subjects 11 range
5 ( 8 ±
6 age 8 ±
7 63.4 8 ±
8 ± 9 9.4
8 ± 10 ,
11 range 12 44
12 44 15 years
13 - 15 years
14 86 15 years
15 years 16 ;
16 ; 17 education
16 ; 33 assessed
17 education 19 ±
17 education 32 were
17 education 33 assessed
18 16.9 19 ±
19 ± 20 2.1
19 ± 30 women
19 ± 32 were
21 , 30 women
22 range 30 women
23 10 24 -
24 - 26 years
24 - 30 women
25 22 26 years
28 60 29 %
29 % 30 women
30 women 31 )
33 assessed 36 2
33 assessed 37 ±
34 twice 35 ,
34 twice 36 2
36 2 37 ±
37 ± 39 years
38 0.5 39 years

at both time points , all subjects underwent full medical and neuropsychological evaluations , lumbar punctures , and magnetic resonance imaging examinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 at 4 points
1 at 5 ,
1 at 7 subjects
2 both 4 points
3 time 4 points
6 all 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 underwent
8 underwent 18 and
9 full 13 evaluations
10 medical 11 and
11 and 12 neuropsychological
11 and 13 evaluations
13 evaluations 14 ,
14 , 16 punctures
14 , 18 and
15 lumbar 16 punctures
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 resonance
18 and 21 imaging
19 magnetic 20 resonance
21 imaging 22 examinations

twenty - five subjects had htn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 had
5 had 6 htn

hyper - and normotensive subjects did not differ in their csf biomarkers , hippocampal volumes ( hipvs ) , or memory scores at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 hyper 3 and
2 - 3 and
3 and 5 subjects
3 and 6 did
4 normotensive 5 subjects
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 differ
8 differ 9 in
9 in 12 biomarkers
10 their 12 biomarkers
11 csf 12 biomarkers
12 biomarkers 15 volumes
13 , 15 volumes
14 hippocampal 15 volumes
15 volumes 17 hipvs
15 volumes 19 ,
16 ( 17 hipvs
17 hipvs 18 )
19 , 20 or
20 or 21 memory
20 or 22 scores
21 memory 22 scores
22 scores 23 at
23 at 24 baseline

in the entire study group , [the] [increase] in tau phosphorylated [at] threonine 181 ( p - tau ( 181 ) ) was associated with a decline in verbal episodic memory ( β [=] - 0.30 , p = 0.01 ) [and] hipv reduction [(] β = - 0.27 , p = 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 group
2 the 4 study
3 entire 4 study
6 , 14 181
9 in 10 tau
9 in 14 181
10 tau 11 phosphorylated
11 phosphorylated 13 threonine
14 181 17 -
14 181 23 was
15 ( 17 -
16 p 17 -
17 - 18 tau
17 - 22 )
18 tau 20 181
19 ( 20 181
20 181 21 )
23 was 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 28 in
25 with 27 decline
26 a 27 decline
28 in 31 memory
29 verbal 31 memory
30 episodic 31 memory
31 memory 43 hipv
32 ( 43 hipv
33 β 36 0.30
33 β 41 )
33 β 43 hipv
35 - 36 0.30
36 0.30 39 =
36 0.30 41 )
37 , 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.01
39 = 41 )
43 hipv 46 β
43 hipv 47 =
43 hipv 49 0.27
43 hipv 55 .
44 reduction 46 β
46 β 47 =
48 - 49 0.27
49 0.27 52 =
49 0.27 55 .
50 , 52 =
51 p 52 =
52 = 53 0.02
52 = 54 )

however , longitudinal decrease in map was related to memory decline [(] β = 0.50 , p = 0.01 ) [and] [an] increase in [p] [-] tau ( 181 ) ( β [=] - 0.50 , p = 0.01 [ )( in subjects with htn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 decline
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 decline
2 , 8 related
3 longitudinal 4 decrease
4 decrease 5 in
4 decrease 7 was
5 in 6 map
7 was 8 related
8 related 9 to
9 to 10 memory
11 decline 13 β
13 β 15 0.50
13 β 23 increase
14 = 15 0.50
15 0.50 18 =
15 0.50 23 increase
16 , 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.01
18 = 20 )
23 increase 24 in
23 increase 34 -
24 in 27 tau
27 tau 29 181
28 ( 29 181
29 181 30 )
31 ( 34 -
32 β 34 -
34 - 35 0.50
34 - 46 .
35 0.50 38 =
36 , 38 =
37 p 38 =
38 = 39 0.01
39 0.01 42 in
39 0.01 44 with
42 in 43 subjects
44 with 45 htn

our findings suggest that the hypertensive group may be sensitive to bp reductions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 group
4 that 9 be
5 the 7 group
6 hypertensive 7 group
7 group 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 10 sensitive
10 sensitive 11 to
11 to 13 reductions
12 bp 13 reductions

objectives : to define the main features of patients treated with oral antidiabetics , evaluating monotherapy ( mt ) , loose - dose combination therapy ( ldct ) and fixed - dose combination therapy ( fdct ) ; to describe medication [adherence] to the different therapies [;] and to evaluate the differences in compliance with the prescribed therapy regimen among prevalent and incident patient cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 10 treated
3 to 4 define
4 define 7 features
5 the 6 main
5 the 7 features
7 features 8 of
8 of 9 patients
10 treated 11 with
11 with 13 antidiabetics
12 oral 13 antidiabetics
13 antidiabetics 15 evaluating
14 , 15 evaluating
15 evaluating 16 monotherapy
15 evaluating 20 ,
16 monotherapy 18 mt
17 ( 18 mt
18 mt 19 )
20 , 29 and
20 , 31 -
21 loose 22 -
21 loose 29 and
23 dose 25 therapy
23 dose 29 and
24 combination 25 therapy
25 therapy 27 ldct
26 ( 27 ldct
27 ldct 28 )
29 and 30 fixed
31 - 32 dose
31 - 38 ;
31 - 48 and
32 dose 34 therapy
33 combination 34 therapy
34 therapy 36 fdct
35 ( 36 fdct
36 fdct 37 )
38 ; 39 to
39 to 48 and
40 describe 41 medication
40 describe 43 to
40 describe 48 and
43 to 46 therapies
44 the 46 therapies
45 different 46 therapies
48 and 49 to
48 and 50 evaluate
48 and 53 in
48 and 55 with
49 to 50 evaluate
50 evaluate 52 differences
51 the 52 differences
53 in 54 compliance
55 with 59 regimen
55 with 60 among
56 the 59 regimen
57 prescribed 59 regimen
58 therapy 59 regimen
60 among 62 and
61 prevalent 62 and
62 and 65 cohorts
62 and 66 .
63 incident 64 patient
64 patient 65 cohorts

study design : this study was a retrospective cohort analysis based on the arno database , a national record that tracks reimbursable prescription claims submitted from selected pharmacies to the italian national health system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 study 2 design
3 : 5 study
3 : 6 was
3 : 16 ,
4 this 5 study
5 study 6 was
6 was 10 analysis
7 a 10 analysis
8 retrospective 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 based
11 based 12 on
12 on 15 database
13 the 15 database
14 arno 15 database
16 , 19 record
16 , 25 submitted
17 a 18 national
17 a 19 record
18 national 19 record
19 record 20 that
19 record 21 tracks
19 record 25 submitted
20 that 21 tracks
21 tracks 24 claims
22 reimbursable 23 prescription
23 prescription 24 claims
25 submitted 26 from
25 submitted 29 to
26 from 28 pharmacies
27 selected 28 pharmacies
29 to 34 system
30 the 34 system
31 italian 32 national
32 national 34 system
33 health 34 system

in total , 169,375 subjects , from an overall population of 4,040,624 were included in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 5 subjects
1 in 6 ,
1 in 10 population
2 total 3 ,
2 total 5 subjects
4 169,375 5 subjects
7 from 9 overall
7 from 10 population
8 an 9 overall
10 population 11 of
10 population 13 were
11 of 12 4,040,624
13 were 14 included
14 included 15 in
15 in 17 study
16 this 17 study

the patients represented 12 different local health units . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 represented
3 represented 8 units
4 12 8 units
5 different 6 local
6 local 8 units
7 health 8 units

each patient had at least one oral antidiabetic prescription claim ( a10b atc code ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 each 2 patient
2 patient 3 had
3 had 10 claim
4 at 5 least
5 least 6 one
6 one 10 claim
7 oral 9 prescription
8 antidiabetic 9 prescription
9 prescription 10 claim
10 claim 14 code
11 ( 14 code
12 a10b 13 atc
13 atc 14 code
14 code 15 )

methods : patients were divided into four groups according to their treatment regimen during the recruitment period ( 1 january 2008 - 31 december 2008 ) : mt , fdct , ldct and switching therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 5 divided
2 : 27 :
2 : 36 .
3 patients 4 were
4 were 5 divided
5 divided 6 into
5 divided 10 to
6 into 8 groups
7 four 8 groups
9 according 10 to
10 to 13 regimen
11 their 13 regimen
12 treatment 13 regimen
13 regimen 14 during
14 during 17 period
15 the 17 period
16 recruitment 17 period
17 period 20 january
17 period 24 december
18 ( 20 january
19 1 20 january
20 january 21 2008
20 january 22 -
22 - 24 december
23 31 24 december
24 december 25 2008
24 december 26 )
27 : 33 and
28 mt 29 ,
29 , 32 ldct
29 , 33 and
30 fdct 32 ldct
31 , 32 ldct
33 and 35 therapy
34 switching 35 therapy

a timespan of 5 years was considered , from 4 years before to 1 year after the index date [(] i.e [.] date of the prescription selected in the recruitment period ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 timespan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 timespan
2 timespan 3 of
2 timespan 6 was
3 of 5 years
4 5 5 years
6 was 7 considered
7 considered 9 from
8 , 9 from
9 from 10 4
9 from 32 )
10 4 12 before
10 4 13 to
10 4 24 of
11 years 12 before
13 to 15 year
14 1 15 year
15 year 16 after
16 after 23 date
17 the 23 date
18 index 23 date
19 date 23 date
21 i.e 23 date
24 of 26 prescription
25 the 26 prescription
26 prescription 27 selected
27 selected 28 in
28 in 31 period
29 the 31 period
30 recruitment 31 period

a medication possession ratio [(] mpr [ )(with a cut [-] off value of 80 % was used to measure medication [adherence] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mpr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 medication
1 a 6 mpr
2 medication 6 mpr
3 possession 6 mpr
4 ratio 6 mpr
6 mpr 8 )(with
6 mpr 17 was
8 )(with 10 cut
9 a 10 cut
10 cut 12 off
10 cut 14 of
12 off 13 value
14 of 16 %
15 80 16 %
17 was 18 used
18 used 19 to
18 used 20 measure
19 to 20 measure
20 measure 21 medication

descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to define the objectives , [while] p < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 descriptive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 descriptive 3 and
1 descriptive 10 define
1 descriptive 16 <
1 descriptive 18 was
2 statistics 3 and
3 and 6 regression
3 and 7 were
4 multiple 5 logistic
5 logistic 6 regression
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 to
9 to 10 define
10 define 12 objectives
11 the 12 objectives
13 , 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 17 0.05
18 was 19 considered
19 considered 20 to
19 considered 21 indicate
20 to 21 indicate
21 indicate 22 significance

results : the median age of patients ( n = 169,375 , [prevalence] 4.2 % ) was 70 years [ interquartile range ( iqr ) [17] ] , and 49.1 % were females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 5 age
2 : 17 was
2 : 29 and
3 the 5 age
4 median 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 10 =
5 age 15 %
5 age 17 was
6 of 7 patients
8 ( 10 =
9 n 10 =
10 = 11 169,375
12 , 15 %
14 4.2 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 was 19 years
18 70 19 years
19 years 22 range
20 [ 22 range
21 interquartile 22 range
22 range 24 iqr
22 range 27 ]
23 ( 24 iqr
24 iqr 25 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 %
29 and 32 were
30 49.1 31 %
31 % 32 were
32 were 33 females

fdct and ldct were significantly correlated with mpr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 fdct 2 and
2 and 3 ldct
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 significantly
4 were 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 with
7 with 8 mpr

compliance was 48.9 % in the prevalent patient cohort [(] i.e . patients prescribed oral antidiabetic therapy in both prerecruitment and recruitment periods ) ; median mprs for the treatment regimens were : mt , 0.73 ( iqr 0.52 ) ; fdct , 1 ( iqr 0.28 ) [;] and ldct , 0.90 ( iqr 0.32 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 compliance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 compliance 2 was
2 was 4 %
2 was 5 in
3 48.9 4 %
5 in 11 i.e
6 the 11 i.e
7 prevalent 9 cohort
8 patient 9 cohort
9 cohort 11 i.e
12 . 13 patients
12 . 14 prescribed
12 . 25 ;
13 patients 14 prescribed
14 prescribed 17 therapy
14 prescribed 18 in
15 oral 17 therapy
16 antidiabetic 17 therapy
18 in 21 and
19 both 21 and
20 prerecruitment 21 and
21 and 23 periods
21 and 24 )
22 recruitment 23 periods
25 ; 26 median
25 ; 32 were
25 ; 33 :
26 median 32 were
27 mprs 28 for
27 mprs 32 were
28 for 31 regimens
29 the 31 regimens
30 treatment 31 regimens
33 : 34 mt
33 : 41 ;
34 mt 36 0.73
35 , 36 0.73
36 0.73 38 iqr
36 0.73 40 )
37 ( 38 iqr
38 iqr 39 0.52
38 iqr 40 )
41 ; 50 and
42 fdct 44 1
42 fdct 50 and
43 , 44 1
44 1 46 iqr
44 1 48 )
45 ( 46 iqr
46 iqr 47 0.28
46 iqr 48 )
50 and 51 ldct
50 and 57 )
51 ldct 53 0.90
52 , 53 0.90
53 0.90 55 iqr
53 0.90 57 )
54 ( 55 iqr
55 iqr 56 0.32
55 iqr 57 )

compliance was 43.0 % in the incident patient cohort ( i.e [.] patients who were first prescribed oral antidiabetic therapy in the recruitment period ) ; median mprs for the treatment regimens were : mt , 0.70 ( iqr , 0.58 ) ; fdct , 1 ( iqr 0.34 ) [;] and ldct , 0.64 ( iqr 0.39 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 compliance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 compliance 2 was
2 was 4 %
3 43.0 4 %
4 % 5 in
5 in 9 cohort
6 the 9 cohort
7 incident 8 patient
8 patient 9 cohort
9 cohort 13 patients
10 ( 13 patients
11 i.e 13 patients
13 patients 14 who
13 patients 15 were
13 patients 25 )
14 who 15 were
15 were 20 therapy
15 were 21 in
16 first 17 prescribed
17 prescribed 20 therapy
18 oral 20 therapy
19 antidiabetic 20 therapy
21 in 24 period
22 the 24 period
23 recruitment 24 period
26 ; 27 median
26 ; 33 were
26 ; 34 :
27 median 33 were
28 mprs 29 for
28 mprs 33 were
29 for 32 regimens
30 the 32 regimens
31 treatment 32 regimens
34 : 35 mt
34 : 43 ;
35 mt 37 0.70
36 , 37 0.70
37 0.70 39 iqr
37 0.70 43 ;
38 ( 39 iqr
39 iqr 41 0.58
39 iqr 42 )
40 , 41 0.58
41 0.58 42 )
43 ; 52 and
44 fdct 46 1
44 fdct 52 and
45 , 46 1
46 1 48 iqr
46 1 50 )
47 ( 48 iqr
48 iqr 49 0.34
48 iqr 50 )
52 and 53 ldct
53 ldct 55 0.64
54 , 55 0.64
55 0.64 57 iqr
55 0.64 59 )
56 ( 57 iqr
57 iqr 58 0.39
57 iqr 59 )

conclusions : compliance was better for fdct than the other therapeutic regimens in the study population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 compliance
2 : 4 was
2 : 17 .
3 compliance 4 was
4 was 5 better
5 better 6 for
5 better 8 than
5 better 13 in
6 for 7 fdct
8 than 12 regimens
9 the 10 other
10 other 12 regimens
11 therapeutic 12 regimens
13 in 16 population
14 the 16 population
15 study 16 population

the same trend was observed in both the prevalent and incident patient cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 3 trend
3 trend 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 in
6 in 10 and
7 both 10 and
8 the 9 prevalent
9 prevalent 10 and
10 and 13 cohorts
11 incident 13 cohorts
12 patient 13 cohorts

as type 2 diabetes is a chronic lifelong pathology , and multiple agents are often required to achieve glycaemic control , the preference for fdct in the population , [when] clinically applicable , could be an effective strategy for functional administration of clinical outcome [and] sources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 as 2 type
1 as 4 diabetes
2 type 3 2
4 diabetes 5 is
5 is 20 control
6 a 20 control
7 chronic 9 pathology
8 lifelong 9 pathology
9 pathology 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 multiple
11 and 13 agents
11 and 18 achieve
11 and 20 control
13 agents 14 are
14 are 16 required
15 often 16 required
16 required 17 to
16 required 18 achieve
17 to 18 achieve
19 glycaemic 20 control
21 , 35 be
22 the 23 preference
23 preference 24 for
23 preference 26 in
23 preference 32 applicable
23 preference 34 could
24 for 25 fdct
26 in 28 population
27 the 28 population
29 , 32 applicable
31 clinically 32 applicable
32 applicable 33 ,
34 could 35 be
35 be 38 strategy
36 an 38 strategy
37 effective 38 strategy
38 strategy 39 for
38 strategy 42 of
39 for 41 administration
40 functional 41 administration
42 of 46 sources
43 clinical 44 outcome
44 outcome 46 sources

evaluation of specific population fractions ( age , sex , compliance , etc [.] ) and specific agents or drug combinations could also be relevant in order to reach the healthcare objectives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 evaluation 2 of
1 evaluation 16 and
2 of 5 fractions
3 specific 4 population
4 population 5 fractions
5 fractions 7 age
5 fractions 9 sex
5 fractions 11 compliance
5 fractions 13 etc
6 ( 7 age
7 age 8 ,
8 , 9 sex
9 sex 10 ,
10 , 11 compliance
11 compliance 12 ,
12 , 13 etc
13 etc 15 )
16 and 18 agents
16 and 19 or
17 specific 18 agents
19 or 21 combinations
19 or 22 could
20 drug 21 combinations
22 could 24 be
23 also 24 be
24 be 25 relevant
25 relevant 26 in
26 in 27 order
27 order 28 to
27 order 29 reach
28 to 29 reach
29 reach 32 objectives
30 the 32 objectives
31 healthcare 32 objectives

[none] none the useful field of view [(] [®] [ )(( ufov ) and trail making test part b ( trails b ) are measures of divided attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 none 3 the
3 the 4 useful
4 useful 5 field
5 field 6 of
5 field 14 and
6 of 12 ufov
7 view 12 ufov
11 )(( 12 ufov
12 ufov 13 )
14 and 18 part
14 and 21 trails
14 and 24 are
15 trail 16 making
16 making 17 test
17 test 18 part
18 part 19 b
20 ( 21 trails
21 trails 22 b
21 trails 23 )
24 are 25 measures
25 measures 26 of
26 of 28 attention
27 divided 28 attention

we determined which measure was more accurate in predicting on [-] road outcomes among drivers ( n = 198 , mean age = 73.86 , standard deviation [=] 6.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 determined
2 determined 3 which
2 determined 8 in
3 which 4 measure
4 measure 5 was
5 was 7 accurate
6 more 7 accurate
8 in 9 predicting
9 predicting 22 age
9 predicting 23 =
10 on 13 outcomes
10 on 20 ,
10 on 22 age
12 road 13 outcomes
13 outcomes 14 among
14 among 15 drivers
15 drivers 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 n 18 =
18 = 19 198
18 = 20 ,
21 mean 22 age
22 age 23 =
23 = 24 73.86
24 73.86 27 deviation
25 , 27 deviation
26 standard 27 deviation
27 deviation 29 6.05
27 deviation 30 )

receiver operating characteristic curves for the ufov ( risk index [ ri ] and subtests 1 - 3 ) and trails b significantly predicted on [-] road outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 predicted
1 receiver 2 operating
1 receiver 14 and
2 operating 4 curves
2 operating 5 for
3 characteristic 4 curves
5 for 7 ufov
6 the 7 ufov
7 ufov 10 index
8 ( 10 index
9 risk 10 index
10 index 12 ri
10 index 13 ]
11 [ 12 ri
12 ri 13 ]
14 and 15 subtests
14 and 18 3
14 and 20 and
15 subtests 16 1
17 - 18 3
18 3 19 )
20 and 21 trails
20 and 24 predicted
21 trails 22 b
23 significantly 24 predicted
24 predicted 25 on
24 predicted 29 .
25 on 28 outcomes
27 road 28 outcomes

contrasting trails b with the ufov ri and subtests , the only difference was found between the ufov ri and trails b , indicating the ufov ri was the best predictor of on - road outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 contrasting 2 trails
2 trails 3 b
2 trails 4 with
2 trails 8 and
4 with 7 ri
5 the 7 ri
6 ufov 7 ri
8 and 9 subtests
10 , 13 difference
10 , 15 found
10 , 34 -
11 the 12 only
11 the 13 difference
13 difference 14 was
14 was 15 found
15 found 16 between
15 found 24 indicating
16 between 20 and
17 the 19 ri
18 ufov 19 ri
19 ri 20 and
20 and 21 trails
21 trails 22 b
23 , 24 indicating
24 indicating 26 ufov
24 indicating 34 -
25 the 26 ufov
26 ufov 27 ri
26 ufov 33 on
27 ri 28 was
28 was 31 predictor
29 the 30 best
29 the 31 predictor
31 predictor 32 of
32 of 33 on
34 - 36 outcomes
35 road 36 outcomes

misclassifications of drivers totaled 28 for the ufov ri , 62 for trails b , and [58] for ufov subtest 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 misclassifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 totaled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 misclassifications 2 of
1 misclassifications 4 totaled
2 of 3 drivers
4 totaled 5 28
5 28 16 and
6 for 9 ri
6 for 16 and
7 the 9 ri
8 ufov 9 ri
9 ri 11 62
10 , 11 62
11 62 12 for
11 62 15 ,
12 for 13 trails
13 trails 14 b
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 for
18 for 20 subtest
19 ufov 20 subtest
20 subtest 21 2

the ufov ri is a superior test in predicting [on] - road outcomes , but the trails b has acceptable accuracy and is comparable to the other ufov subtests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ri
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 ri
2 ufov 3 ri
3 ri 4 is
4 is 7 test
5 a 7 test
6 superior 7 test
7 test 8 in
7 test 13 outcomes
8 in 9 predicting
11 - 13 outcomes
12 road 13 outcomes
13 outcomes 14 ,
15 but 17 trails
15 but 22 and
16 the 17 trails
17 trails 18 b
17 trails 22 and
19 has 21 accuracy
19 has 22 and
20 acceptable 21 accuracy
22 and 23 is
22 and 25 to
22 and 29 subtests
23 is 24 comparable
25 to 27 other
26 the 27 other
28 ufov 29 subtests

proper brain [function] requires neuronal homeostasis over a range of environmental challenges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 proper 2 brain
2 brain 4 requires
4 requires 6 homeostasis
4 requires 7 over
5 neuronal 6 homeostasis
7 over 9 range
8 a 9 range
9 range 10 of
10 of 12 challenges
11 environmental 12 challenges

neuronal activity , injury , and aging stress the nervous system , and lead to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neuronal 2 activity
2 activity 3 ,
3 , 4 injury
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 7 aging
6 and 13 and
8 stress 11 system
8 stress 13 and
9 the 11 system
10 nervous 11 system
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 lead
14 lead 15 to
15 to 18 and
16 neuronal 17 dysfunction
17 dysfunction 18 and
18 and 19 degeneration

nevertheless , most organisms maintain healthy neurons throughout life , implying the existence of active maintenance mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 organisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 maintain
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 organisms
3 most 4 organisms
4 organisms 5 maintain
5 maintain 7 neurons
5 maintain 8 throughout
6 healthy 7 neurons
8 throughout 9 life
9 life 11 implying
10 , 11 implying
11 implying 13 existence
11 implying 18 .
12 the 13 existence
13 existence 14 of
14 of 17 mechanisms
15 active 16 maintenance
16 maintenance 17 mechanisms

recent studies have revealed a key neuronal maintenance and protective function for nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases ( nmnats ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 revealed
4 revealed 9 and
4 revealed 12 for
5 a 8 maintenance
6 key 8 maintenance
7 neuronal 8 maintenance
8 maintenance 9 and
9 and 11 function
10 protective 11 function
12 for 16 transferases
13 nicotinamide 15 adenylyl
14 mononucleotide 15 adenylyl
15 adenylyl 16 transferases
16 transferases 18 nmnats
17 ( 18 nmnats
18 nmnats 19 )

we review evidence that nmnats protect neurons through multiple mechanisms in different contexts , and highlight functions that either require or [are] independent of nmnat catalytic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 review
2 review 3 evidence
2 review 8 through
2 review 11 in
3 evidence 4 that
4 that 5 nmnats
4 that 6 protect
5 nmnats 6 protect
6 protect 7 neurons
8 through 10 mechanisms
9 multiple 10 mechanisms
11 in 21 or
12 different 13 contexts
13 contexts 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 functions
15 and 18 that
15 and 20 require
15 and 21 or
16 highlight 17 functions
18 that 19 either
18 that 20 require
19 either 20 require
21 or 23 independent
21 or 24 of
24 of 27 activity
25 nmnat 27 activity
26 catalytic 27 activity

we then summarize data supporting a role for nmnats in neuronal maintenance and raise intriguing questions on how nmnats preserve neuronal integrity and facilitate proper neural function [throughout] life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 23 and
2 then 3 summarize
3 summarize 13 and
3 summarize 17 on
3 summarize 23 and
4 data 5 supporting
4 data 13 and
5 supporting 7 role
5 supporting 8 for
5 supporting 10 in
6 a 7 role
8 for 9 nmnats
10 in 12 maintenance
11 neuronal 12 maintenance
13 and 14 raise
13 and 15 intriguing
15 intriguing 16 questions
17 on 18 how
18 how 19 nmnats
18 how 20 preserve
19 nmnats 20 preserve
20 preserve 22 integrity
21 neuronal 22 integrity
23 and 24 facilitate
23 and 29 life
25 proper 27 function
26 neural 27 function
27 function 29 life

objectives : across the developed world , wait lists for facility - based long - term care ( ltc ) beds continue to grow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 21 beds
2 : 22 continue
2 : 25 .
3 across 6 world
3 across 21 beds
4 the 6 world
5 developed 6 world
6 world 9 lists
6 world 17 care
7 , 9 lists
8 wait 9 lists
9 lists 10 for
9 lists 13 based
9 lists 15 -
10 for 11 facility
12 - 13 based
13 based 14 long
13 based 15 -
15 - 17 care
16 term 17 care
17 care 19 ltc
17 care 20 )
18 ( 19 ltc
19 ltc 20 )
21 beds 22 continue
22 continue 23 to
22 continue 24 grow
23 to 24 grow

wait lists are primarily driven by the needs of aging populations ( demand - side factors ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 driven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 wait 2 lists
2 lists 3 are
3 are 5 driven
4 primarily 5 driven
5 driven 6 by
6 by 8 needs
7 the 8 needs
8 needs 9 of
9 of 10 aging
10 aging 11 populations
11 populations 13 demand
11 populations 16 factors
12 ( 13 demand
13 demand 14 -
14 - 16 factors
15 side 16 factors
16 factors 17 )

less attention has been given to system capacity to provide community alternatives to ltc ( supply - side factors ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 less 2 attention
2 attention 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 given
5 given 6 to
5 given 13 to
6 to 8 capacity
7 system 8 capacity
8 capacity 9 to
8 capacity 10 provide
9 to 10 provide
10 provide 12 alternatives
11 community 12 alternatives
13 to 14 ltc
14 ltc 16 supply
14 ltc 19 factors
15 ( 16 supply
16 supply 17 -
17 - 19 factors
18 side 19 factors
19 factors 20 )

we examine the role of both demand - and supply - side factors by comparing the characteristics of individuals who have been assessed and deemed eligible for ltc in urban and rural/underserviced parts of northwestern ontario , canada . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examine
1 we 2 examine
2 examine 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 13 factors
5 of 9 and
6 both 9 and
7 demand 9 and
8 - 9 and
9 and 10 supply
11 - 13 factors
12 side 13 factors
13 factors 14 by
13 factors 18 of
13 factors 26 eligible
13 factors 39 .
14 by 15 comparing
15 comparing 17 characteristics
16 the 17 characteristics
18 of 19 individuals
19 individuals 20 who
19 individuals 21 have
20 who 21 have
21 have 22 been
22 been 24 and
23 assessed 24 and
24 and 25 deemed
26 eligible 27 for
27 for 28 ltc
28 ltc 29 in
28 ltc 34 of
29 in 31 and
30 urban 31 and
31 and 33 parts
32 rural/underserviced 33 parts
34 of 36 ontario
35 northwestern 36 ontario
36 ontario 38 canada
37 , 38 canada
38 canada 39 .

methods : home care assessment data were analyzed for all individuals waiting for ltc in northwestern ontario as of march 2008 ( n=858 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 data
2 : 8 analyzed
2 : 25 .
3 home 5 assessment
4 care 5 assessment
5 assessment 6 data
6 data 7 were
7 were 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 9 for
9 for 11 individuals
10 all 11 individuals
11 individuals 12 waiting
11 individuals 15 in
11 individuals 23 n=858
12 waiting 13 for
13 for 14 ltc
15 in 17 ontario
16 northwestern 17 ontario
17 ontario 18 as
18 as 19 of
19 of 20 march
20 march 21 2008
22 ( 23 n=858
23 n=858 24 )

for the analysis , the sample was separated into urban and rural groups to account for geographical differences in [wait] list [location] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 separated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 3 analysis
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 sample
2 the 3 analysis
5 the 6 sample
6 sample 7 was
7 was 8 separated
8 separated 9 into
9 into 11 and
10 urban 11 and
11 and 12 rural
11 and 13 groups
11 and 21 list
13 groups 14 to
13 groups 19 in
13 groups 21 list
14 to 15 account
15 account 16 for
15 account 19 in
16 for 18 differences
17 geographical 18 differences

characteristics between these two groups were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 characteristics 2 between
1 characteristics 6 were
2 between 5 groups
3 these 4 two
4 two 5 groups
6 were 7 compared

results : individuals on ltc wait lists in the rural areas were significantly less impaired in activities of daily living and cognition than their counterparts in the urban area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 15 impaired
3 individuals 4 on
3 individuals 8 in
3 individuals 12 were
4 on 7 lists
5 ltc 7 lists
6 wait 7 lists
8 in 11 areas
9 the 11 areas
10 rural 11 areas
12 were 14 less
12 were 15 impaired
13 significantly 14 less
15 impaired 16 in
15 impaired 23 than
15 impaired 26 in
16 in 21 and
17 activities 18 of
17 activities 21 and
18 of 20 living
19 daily 20 living
21 and 22 cognition
23 than 25 counterparts
24 their 25 counterparts
26 in 29 area
27 the 29 area
28 urban 29 area

however , in both areas , impairments in lighter - care activities appeared to be a key wait list driver , and few people had an informal caregiver living in the home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 however 7 impairments
1 however 13 appeared
1 however 22 and
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 areas
3 in 6 ,
3 in 7 impairments
4 both 5 areas
7 impairments 8 in
7 impairments 13 appeared
8 in 12 activities
9 lighter 10 -
9 lighter 11 care
11 care 12 activities
13 appeared 14 to
13 appeared 15 be
14 to 15 be
16 a 20 driver
17 key 19 list
18 wait 19 list
19 list 20 driver
20 driver 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 people
22 and 25 had
23 few 24 people
25 had 29 living
25 had 30 in
26 an 29 living
27 informal 28 caregiver
28 caregiver 29 living
30 in 32 home
31 the 32 home

conclusions : our data suggest that ltc wait lists reflect , at least to some extent , insufficient community capacity , not just need for ltc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reflect
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 suggest
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 lists
6 that 10 reflect
7 ltc 9 lists
8 wait 9 lists
10 reflect 14 to
10 reflect 20 capacity
11 , 13 least
11 , 14 to
12 at 13 least
14 to 16 extent
14 to 17 ,
15 some 16 extent
18 insufficient 19 community
19 community 20 capacity
20 capacity 24 need
21 , 22 not
21 , 24 need
23 just 24 need
24 need 25 for
24 need 27 .
25 for 26 ltc

older adults should be screened for fall risk annually . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 screened
5 screened 6 for
5 screened 9 annually
6 for 8 risk
7 fall 8 risk

community providers ( people without formal medical training who work with older adults in senior centers or aging services ) may be a viable group to expand the reach of screenings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 providers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 community 2 providers
2 providers 4 people
2 providers 21 may
3 ( 4 people
4 people 5 without
4 people 9 who
4 people 10 work
4 people 11 with
4 people 20 )
5 without 8 training
6 formal 8 training
7 medical 8 training
9 who 10 work
11 with 17 or
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 in
13 adults 17 or
14 in 16 centers
15 senior 16 centers
17 or 19 services
18 aging 19 services
21 may 22 be
22 be 25 group
22 be 26 to
23 a 25 group
24 viable 25 group
26 to 27 expand
27 expand 29 reach
28 the 29 reach
29 reach 30 of
30 of 31 screenings

our community - academic partnership developed a program to increase and assess fall risk screenings by community providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 our 2 community
3 - 5 partnership
3 - 6 developed
3 - 19 .
4 academic 5 partnership
5 partnership 6 developed
6 developed 8 program
6 developed 9 to
7 a 8 program
9 to 11 and
10 increase 11 and
11 and 12 assess
12 assess 14 risk
12 assess 15 screenings
13 fall 14 risk
14 risk 15 screenings
15 screenings 16 by
16 by 18 providers
17 community 18 providers

community sites hosted training workshops and screening events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 community 2 sites
2 sites 3 hosted
2 sites 4 training
2 sites 6 and
4 training 5 workshops
6 and 8 events
7 screening 8 events

community screenings were well attended and received by providers and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 screenings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 community 2 screenings
2 screenings 6 and
3 were 4 well
3 were 6 and
4 well 5 attended
6 and 7 received
6 and 8 by
8 by 10 and
9 providers 10 and
10 and 12 adults
11 older 12 adults

with administrative support from the regional fall prevention coalition and technical support from academia , community providers screened 161 older adults from a broad geographic area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 providers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 with 10 and
1 with 15 ,
1 with 17 providers
2 administrative 3 support
3 support 4 from
3 support 10 and
4 from 9 coalition
5 the 9 coalition
6 regional 7 fall
7 fall 9 coalition
8 prevention 9 coalition
10 and 12 support
10 and 13 from
11 technical 12 support
13 from 14 academia
16 community 17 providers
17 providers 18 screened
18 screened 21 adults
19 161 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
21 adults 22 from
22 from 26 area
23 a 26 area
24 broad 26 area
25 geographic 26 area

twenty - one community providers completed the training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
2 - 4 community
3 one 4 community
4 community 5 providers
4 community 6 completed
5 providers 6 completed
6 completed 8 training
7 the 8 training

knowledge and confidence surveys demonstrated improvements before and after training ( p<.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 knowledge 2 and
2 and 4 surveys
2 and 5 demonstrated
3 confidence 4 surveys
5 demonstrated 6 improvements
6 improvements 8 and
7 before 8 and
8 and 9 after
9 after 10 training
10 training 12 p<.001
11 ( 12 p<.001
12 p<.001 13 )

skills assessments demonstrated mastery of most skills , but some providers required additional training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 skills 2 assessments
2 assessments 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 mastery
4 mastery 5 of
5 of 7 skills
6 most 7 skills
8 , 9 but
9 but 11 providers
9 but 12 required
10 some 11 providers
11 providers 12 required
12 required 14 training
13 additional 14 training

provider feedback indicated screening procedures were complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 feedback
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 provider 2 feedback
2 feedback 3 indicated
2 feedback 4 screening
2 feedback 6 were
4 screening 5 procedures
6 were 7 complex

future projects will examine this model using simplified screening procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 projects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 future 2 projects
2 projects 3 will
3 will 4 examine
4 examine 7 using
5 this 7 using
6 model 7 using
7 using 8 simplified
7 using 9 screening
9 screening 10 procedures

the longevity regulator sirt1 is an enzyme catalyzing the deacetylation of protein substrates , in turn modulating their biological functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
1 the 3 regulator
2 longevity 3 regulator
3 regulator 4 sirt1
4 sirt1 5 is
5 is 7 enzyme
6 an 7 enzyme
7 enzyme 8 catalyzing
8 catalyzing 10 deacetylation
9 the 10 deacetylation
10 deacetylation 11 of
11 of 13 substrates
12 protein 13 substrates
13 substrates 17 modulating
14 , 17 modulating
15 in 16 turn
16 turn 17 modulating
17 modulating 20 functions
17 modulating 21 .
18 their 20 functions
19 biological 20 functions

in endothelial cells , downregulation of sirt1 evokes cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 downregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evokes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 3 cells
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 downregulation
2 endothelial 3 cells
5 downregulation 6 of
5 downregulation 8 evokes
6 of 7 sirt1
8 evokes 10 senescence
9 cellular 10 senescence

in aged arteries , sirt1 expression and activity is blunted , [which] contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and abnormal vascular responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 7 and
1 in 11 ,
2 aged 3 arteries
3 arteries 4 ,
4 , 6 expression
4 , 7 and
5 sirt1 6 expression
7 and 8 activity
9 is 10 blunted
9 is 11 ,
11 , 13 contributes
13 contributes 14 to
14 to 16 development
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
17 of 19 and
18 atherosclerosis 19 and
19 and 22 responses
20 abnormal 22 responses
21 vascular 22 responses

a recent study suggests that cyclin - dependent kinase 5 ( cdk5 ) is responsible for the phosphorylation of sirt1 at the serine 47 residue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 recent
1 a 3 study
2 recent 3 study
3 study 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 that
5 that 6 cyclin
5 that 14 is
6 cyclin 9 kinase
6 cyclin 14 is
7 - 9 kinase
8 dependent 9 kinase
9 kinase 10 5
9 kinase 12 cdk5
9 kinase 13 )
11 ( 12 cdk5
12 cdk5 13 )
14 is 15 responsible
15 responsible 16 for
15 responsible 21 at
16 for 18 phosphorylation
17 the 18 phosphorylation
18 phosphorylation 19 of
19 of 20 sirt1
21 at 25 residue
22 the 25 residue
23 serine 24 47
23 serine 25 residue

this modification blocks the anti - senescence activity of sirt1 and plays a critical role in the loss - of [-] sirt1 function during vascular ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 this 2 modification
2 modification 11 and
3 blocks 8 activity
3 blocks 11 and
4 the 8 activity
5 anti 6 -
5 anti 7 senescence
7 senescence 8 activity
8 activity 9 of
9 of 10 sirt1
11 and 12 plays
12 plays 15 role
12 plays 16 in
13 a 14 critical
13 a 15 role
14 critical 15 role
16 in 18 loss
17 the 18 loss
19 - 23 function
19 - 27 .
20 of 22 sirt1
20 of 23 function
23 function 24 during
24 during 26 ageing
25 vascular 26 ageing

thus , by inhibiting cdk5 , sirt1 [function] can be improved , in turn preventing the development of atherosclerosis and slowing down the process of vascular ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 improved
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 7 sirt1
3 by 4 inhibiting
3 by 6 ,
3 by 7 sirt1
4 inhibiting 5 cdk5
7 sirt1 9 can
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 improved
11 improved 15 preventing
12 , 15 preventing
13 in 14 turn
14 turn 15 preventing
15 preventing 17 development
15 preventing 22 down
15 preventing 28 .
16 the 17 development
17 development 18 of
18 of 20 and
19 atherosclerosis 20 and
20 and 21 slowing
22 down 24 process
23 the 24 process
24 process 25 of
25 of 27 ageing
26 vascular 27 ageing

background : poor self - rated health has been associated with poorer objective health outcomes across a range of conditions including stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 self
2 : 5 -
3 poor 4 self
5 - 7 health
5 - 10 associated
5 - 23 .
6 rated 7 health
7 health 8 has
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 14 health
12 poorer 14 health
13 objective 14 health
14 health 15 outcomes
14 health 22 stroke
15 outcomes 16 across
15 outcomes 19 of
15 outcomes 22 stroke
16 across 18 range
17 a 18 range
19 of 21 including
20 conditions 21 including

identification of factors associated with poor self [-] rated health in stroke survivors has received little attention compared to that in other older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 identification 2 of
1 identification 14 has
2 of 3 factors
3 factors 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 11 in
5 with 10 health
6 poor 10 health
7 self 9 rated
9 rated 10 health
11 in 13 survivors
12 stroke 13 survivors
14 has 15 received
15 received 17 attention
15 received 19 to
15 received 21 in
16 little 17 attention
17 attention 18 compared
19 to 20 that
21 in 24 individuals
22 other 24 individuals
23 older 24 individuals

this study identifies determinants of self [-] rated health in older individuals [with] or without a history of stroke participating in the population - representative mrc cognitive function and aging study ( mrc cfas ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identifies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 identifies
3 identifies 4 determinants
3 identifies 14 or
3 identifies 21 in
4 determinants 5 of
5 of 9 health
6 self 8 rated
8 rated 9 health
10 in 12 individuals
10 in 14 or
11 older 12 individuals
14 or 15 without
15 without 17 history
16 a 17 history
17 history 18 of
18 of 20 participating
19 stroke 20 participating
21 in 23 population
22 the 23 population
23 population 34 cfas
24 - 34 cfas
25 representative 34 cfas
26 mrc 27 cognitive
27 cognitive 28 function
28 function 29 and
29 and 30 aging
30 aging 31 study
31 study 33 mrc
32 ( 33 mrc
33 mrc 34 cfas
34 cfas 35 )

methods : the mrc cfas is a multicentred longitudinal survey of a population representative sample of people in their 65th year and older at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 cfas
2 : 6 is
2 : 26 .
3 the 5 cfas
4 mrc 5 cfas
5 cfas 6 is
6 is 22 and
7 a 10 survey
8 multicentred 10 survey
9 longitudinal 10 survey
10 survey 11 of
10 survey 22 and
11 of 15 sample
12 a 15 sample
13 population 15 sample
14 representative 15 sample
15 sample 16 of
16 of 17 people
17 people 18 in
18 in 21 year
19 their 21 year
20 65th 21 year
22 and 23 older
23 older 24 at
24 at 25 baseline

baseline interview included questions about functional disability , psychiatric history , independent living status , social interactions , and cognitive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 baseline 3 included
2 interview 3 included
3 included 4 questions
4 questions 5 about
4 questions 19 and
5 about 7 disability
6 functional 7 disability
7 disability 10 history
7 disability 14 status
8 , 10 history
9 psychiatric 10 history
10 history 11 ,
11 , 14 status
12 independent 13 living
13 living 14 status
14 status 17 interactions
14 status 18 ,
15 , 17 interactions
16 social 17 interactions
17 interactions 18 ,
19 and 21 function
20 cognitive 21 function

multiple logistic regression was used to determine associations between demographic , physical , cognitive , psychological and social factors with poor self [-] rated health among those [with] and [without] stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 9 between
5 used 20 with
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 associations
9 between 19 factors
10 demographic 11 ,
10 demographic 19 factors
12 physical 13 ,
12 physical 19 factors
14 cognitive 15 ,
14 cognitive 19 factors
16 psychological 17 and
17 and 18 social
17 and 19 factors
20 with 25 health
21 poor 22 self
22 self 24 rated
24 rated 25 health
25 health 26 among
26 among 29 and
27 those 29 and
29 and 31 stroke

results : after excluding those with impaired cognitive function [,] 776 individuals out of 11,957 reported a stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 12 individuals
2 : 16 reported
3 after 4 excluding
3 after 12 individuals
4 excluding 5 those
4 excluding 6 with
6 with 9 function
7 impaired 9 function
8 cognitive 9 function
9 function 11 776
12 individuals 14 of
12 individuals 16 reported
13 out 14 of
14 of 15 11,957
16 reported 18 stroke
17 a 18 stroke

factors associated with self [-] rated health were similar between those [with] or without a stroke in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 factors 2 associated
1 factors 8 were
2 associated 3 with
3 with 7 health
4 self 6 rated
6 rated 7 health
8 were 9 similar
9 similar 13 or
9 similar 17 in
10 between 11 those
10 between 13 or
13 or 14 without
14 without 16 stroke
15 a 16 stroke
17 in 19 individuals
18 older 19 individuals

poorer self - rated health in those who had suffered a stroke was associated [predominantly] with the presence of comorbidity with diabetes ( or 3.5 [;] 95 % ci 1.5 - 8.1 [ )( not " getting out [and] about " ( or 2.6 [;] 95 % ci 1.7 - 4.1 [ )(even after adjustment for disability levels and for depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 poorer 2 self
3 - 5 health
3 - 14 associated
4 rated 5 health
5 health 6 in
5 health 13 was
6 in 7 those
7 those 8 who
7 those 9 had
8 who 9 had
9 had 10 suffered
10 suffered 12 stroke
11 a 12 stroke
13 was 14 associated
14 associated 16 with
14 associated 21 with
16 with 18 presence
17 the 18 presence
18 presence 19 of
19 of 20 comorbidity
21 with 22 diabetes
22 diabetes 31 -
23 ( 31 -
24 or 25 3.5
24 or 29 ci
27 95 29 ci
28 % 29 ci
29 ci 30 1.5
29 ci 31 -
31 - 32 8.1
32 8.1 35 not
35 not 36 "
35 not 37 getting
37 getting 38 out
37 getting 40 about
40 about 41 "
40 about 50 -
42 ( 50 -
43 or 48 ci
44 2.6 48 ci
46 95 48 ci
47 % 48 ci
48 ci 49 1.7
48 ci 50 -
50 - 51 4.1
50 - 62 .
51 4.1 53 )(even
53 )(even 54 after
53 )(even 59 and
54 after 55 adjustment
56 for 58 levels
56 for 59 and
57 disability 58 levels
59 and 60 for
60 for 61 depression

in those without a stroke the most important determinants were disability ( or 3.9 ; 95 % ci [3.2] - 4.8 [ )( not " getting out [and] about " ( or 2.9 [;] 95 % ci 2.5 - 3.3 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 determinants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 getting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 2 those
1 in 9 determinants
2 those 3 without
3 without 5 stroke
4 a 5 stroke
6 the 7 most
7 most 9 determinants
8 important 9 determinants
9 determinants 10 were
10 were 11 disability
11 disability 13 or
12 ( 13 or
13 or 14 3.9
13 or 15 ;
15 ; 18 ci
15 ; 20 -
16 95 18 ci
17 % 18 ci
20 - 21 4.8
21 4.8 24 not
24 not 25 "
24 not 26 getting
26 getting 27 out
27 out 29 about
29 about 30 "
29 about 39 -
31 ( 39 -
32 or 33 2.9
32 or 37 ci
35 95 37 ci
36 % 37 ci
37 ci 38 2.5
37 ci 39 -
39 - 40 3.3
39 - 41 )

conclusions : self - rated health is determined by a range of psychological and social factors in addition to disability in older patients [with] stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 self
4 - 6 health
4 - 7 is
4 - 26 .
5 rated 6 health
6 health 7 is
7 is 8 determined
8 determined 9 by
9 by 11 range
10 a 11 range
11 range 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 psychological 14 and
14 and 15 social
14 and 16 factors
14 and 25 stroke
16 factors 17 in
16 factors 19 to
16 factors 25 stroke
17 in 18 addition
19 to 20 disability
20 disability 21 in
21 in 23 patients
22 older 23 patients

addressing social integration and mobility out of the home is an important element of rehabilitation for older people with stroke [as] well as those [without] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 addressing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 addressing 4 and
1 addressing 7 of
1 addressing 10 is
2 social 3 integration
3 integration 4 and
4 and 5 mobility
6 out 7 of
7 of 9 home
8 the 9 home
10 is 13 element
10 is 19 with
10 is 23 as
11 an 12 important
11 an 13 element
12 important 13 element
13 element 14 of
14 of 15 rehabilitation
15 rehabilitation 16 for
16 for 18 people
17 older 18 people
19 with 22 well
20 stroke 22 well
23 as 24 those

aging of the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) , the protein matrix [that] surrounds and penetrates the tissues and binds the body together , contributes significantly to functional aging of tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 aging 2 of
1 aging 25 contributes
2 of 5 matrix
3 the 5 matrix
4 extracellular 5 matrix
5 matrix 7 ecm
5 matrix 12 matrix
6 ( 7 ecm
7 ecm 8 )
9 , 12 matrix
10 the 12 matrix
11 protein 12 matrix
12 matrix 15 and
12 matrix 24 ,
14 surrounds 15 and
15 and 19 and
15 and 23 together
16 penetrates 18 tissues
16 penetrates 19 and
17 the 18 tissues
19 and 20 binds
19 and 22 body
21 the 22 body
25 contributes 26 significantly
25 contributes 27 to
27 to 29 aging
28 functional 29 aging
29 aging 30 of
30 of 31 tissues

ecm proteins become increasingly cross - linked with age , and this cross - linking is probably important in the decline of the ecm 's function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 ecm 2 proteins
2 proteins 3 become
2 proteins 5 cross
4 increasingly 5 cross
5 cross 7 linked
6 - 7 linked
7 linked 8 with
7 linked 14 -
8 with 11 and
9 age 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 cross
12 this 13 cross
14 - 15 linking
14 - 16 is
14 - 27 .
15 linking 16 is
16 is 17 probably
16 is 18 important
18 important 19 in
19 in 21 decline
20 the 21 decline
21 decline 22 of
22 of 26 function
23 the 24 ecm
24 ecm 25 's
25 's 26 function

this article reviews the role [of] [ε] - [(] [γ] [-] glutamyl ) - lysine ( eggl ) , a cross - link formed by transglutaminase enzymes , and particularly [the] widely expressed isozyme transglutaminase 2 ( tg2 ) , in the aging ecm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 5 role
4 the 5 role
5 role 12 glutamyl
5 role 15 lysine
5 role 21 cross
8 - 12 glutamyl
12 glutamyl 13 )
14 - 15 lysine
15 lysine 17 eggl
15 lysine 19 ,
16 ( 17 eggl
17 eggl 18 )
19 , 21 cross
20 a 21 cross
21 cross 22 -
22 - 23 link
23 link 24 formed
23 link 25 by
25 by 29 and
26 transglutaminase 27 enzymes
27 enzymes 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 35 transglutaminase
29 and 38 tg2
29 and 41 in
30 particularly 32 widely
32 widely 33 expressed
33 expressed 35 transglutaminase
34 isozyme 35 transglutaminase
35 transglutaminase 36 2
37 ( 38 tg2
38 tg2 39 )
40 , 41 in
41 in 44 ecm
41 in 45 .
42 the 44 ecm
43 aging 44 ecm

there is little direct data on eggl accumulation with age , and no direct evidence of a role of eggl in the aging of the ecm with pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 data
3 little 5 data
4 direct 5 data
5 data 6 on
5 data 9 with
5 data 19 of
6 on 8 accumulation
7 eggl 8 accumulation
9 with 12 and
10 age 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 evidence
13 no 15 evidence
14 direct 15 evidence
15 evidence 16 of
16 of 18 role
17 a 18 role
19 of 20 eggl
20 eggl 21 in
20 eggl 24 of
21 in 23 aging
22 the 23 aging
24 of 26 ecm
25 the 26 ecm
26 ecm 27 with
27 with 28 pathology

however , several lines of circumstantial evidence suggest that eggl accumulates with age , and its association with pathology suggests that this might [reflect] degradation of ecm function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 lines
3 several 4 lines
4 lines 5 of
4 lines 8 suggest
5 of 7 evidence
6 circumstantial 7 evidence
8 suggest 9 that
9 that 10 eggl
9 that 11 accumulates
10 eggl 11 accumulates
11 accumulates 12 with
12 with 13 age
14 , 15 and
15 and 23 might
15 and 28 function
16 its 17 association
17 association 18 with
17 association 20 suggests
18 with 19 pathology
20 suggests 21 that
21 that 22 this
21 that 23 might
23 might 25 degradation
23 might 28 function
25 degradation 26 of
26 of 27 ecm

tg activity increases with age in many circumstances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 tg 2 activity
2 activity 3 increases
3 increases 4 with
3 increases 6 in
4 with 5 age
6 in 8 circumstances
7 many 8 circumstances

ecm protein [turnover] is such that some eggl made by tg is likely to remain in place for years , if not decades , in healthy tissue , and both eggl and tg levels are enhanced by age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ecm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 ecm 2 protein
1 ecm 4 is
1 ecm 12 is
2 protein 4 is
4 is 6 that
5 such 6 that
6 that 8 eggl
6 that 9 made
7 some 8 eggl
8 eggl 9 made
9 made 10 by
9 made 11 tg
12 is 14 to
12 is 15 remain
13 likely 14 to
14 to 15 remain
15 remain 17 place
15 remain 18 for
16 in 17 place
18 for 21 if
19 years 21 if
20 , 21 if
21 if 22 not
21 if 38 age
21 if 39 -
21 if 40 related
23 decades 25 in
23 decades 29 and
24 , 25 in
25 in 27 tissue
25 in 28 ,
26 healthy 27 tissue
29 and 30 both
29 and 38 age
31 eggl 32 and
32 and 33 tg
32 and 34 levels
32 and 37 by
32 and 38 age
34 levels 35 are
35 are 36 enhanced
36 enhanced 37 by
40 related 41 diseases

if further research shows eggl does accumulate with age [,] removing it could be of therapeutic benefit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 if 3 research
1 if 4 shows
1 if 17 benefit
2 further 3 research
3 research 4 shows
4 shows 5 eggl
4 shows 7 accumulate
5 eggl 6 does
6 does 7 accumulate
7 accumulate 8 with
8 with 9 age
8 with 16 therapeutic
9 age 11 removing
9 age 15 of
11 removing 12 it
11 removing 13 could
13 could 14 be
14 be 15 of

also reviewed is the blockade of tg and active removal of eggl as therapeutic strategies , with the conclusion that both [have] promise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 also 2 reviewed
2 reviewed 3 is
3 is 5 blockade
4 the 5 blockade
5 blockade 6 of
5 blockade 11 of
6 of 8 and
7 tg 8 and
8 and 10 removal
9 active 10 removal
11 of 12 eggl
12 eggl 13 as
12 eggl 17 with
13 as 15 strategies
14 therapeutic 15 strategies
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 conclusion
17 with 24 .
18 the 19 conclusion
19 conclusion 20 that
20 that 21 both
20 that 23 promise
21 both 23 promise

eggl removal may have benefit for acute fibrotic diseases , such as tendinopathy , and for treating generalized decline [in] ecm function with old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eggl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 eggl 2 removal
1 eggl 4 have
1 eggl 22 function
2 removal 3 may
3 may 4 have
4 have 5 benefit
5 benefit 15 and
6 for 9 diseases
6 for 15 and
7 acute 9 diseases
8 fibrotic 9 diseases
9 diseases 12 as
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 13 tendinopathy
12 as 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 for
16 for 17 treating
17 treating 21 ecm
18 generalized 19 decline
19 decline 21 ecm
22 function 23 with
23 with 25 age
24 old 25 age

extracellular tg2 and eggl are therefore therapeutic targets [both] for specific and more generalized diseases of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 extracellular 2 tg2
2 tg2 3 and
3 and 4 eggl
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 therefore
5 are 8 targets
5 are 10 for
7 therapeutic 8 targets
10 for 12 and
11 specific 12 and
12 and 15 diseases
12 and 16 of
13 more 15 diseases
14 generalized 15 diseases
16 of 17 aging

none lateralized brain regions subserve functions such as language and visuospatial processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 none 4 regions
1 none 5 subserve
1 none 6 functions
2 lateralized 4 regions
3 brain 4 regions
4 regions 5 subserve
6 functions 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 10 and
9 language 10 and
10 and 12 processing
11 visuospatial 12 processing

it has [been] conjectured that individuals may be left - brain dominant or right - brain dominant based on personality and cognitive style , but neuroimaging data has not provided clear evidence whether such phenotypic differences in the strength of left - dominant or right - dominant networks exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 brain
1 it 2 has
2 has 4 conjectured
4 conjectured 5 that
5 that 6 individuals
5 that 9 left
6 individuals 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 left
10 - 11 brain
11 brain 13 or
11 brain 16 brain
12 dominant 13 or
13 or 14 right
13 or 15 -
13 or 16 brain
16 brain 21 and
17 dominant 18 based
17 dominant 21 and
18 based 19 on
19 on 20 personality
21 and 23 style
21 and 25 but
22 cognitive 23 style
24 , 25 but
25 but 26 neuroimaging
25 but 50 .
26 neuroimaging 27 data
26 neuroimaging 30 provided
27 data 28 has
28 has 29 not
28 has 30 provided
30 provided 32 evidence
30 provided 33 whether
31 clear 32 evidence
33 whether 36 differences
33 whether 49 exist
34 such 36 differences
35 phenotypic 36 differences
36 differences 37 in
36 differences 49 exist
37 in 39 strength
38 the 39 strength
39 strength 40 of
40 of 48 networks
41 left 44 or
41 left 48 networks
42 - 44 or
43 dominant 44 or
44 or 45 right
44 or 46 -
47 dominant 48 networks

we evaluated whether strongly lateralized connections covaried within the same individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 3 whether
3 whether 6 connections
3 whether 7 covaried
4 strongly 5 lateralized
5 lateralized 6 connections
6 connections 7 covaried
7 covaried 8 within
8 within 11 individuals
9 the 10 same
10 same 11 individuals

data were analyzed from publicly available resting state [scans] [for] 1011 individuals between the ages of 7 and 29 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 from
3 analyzed 13 between
4 from 12 individuals
5 publicly 6 available
6 available 8 state
7 resting 8 state
8 state 12 individuals
11 1011 12 individuals
13 between 15 ages
14 the 15 ages
15 ages 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 7 18 and
18 and 19 29

for each subject , functional lateralization was measured for each pair of 7266 regions covering the gray matter at 5 [-] mm [resolution] as a difference [in] correlation before and after inverting images across the midsagittal plane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 for 2 each
1 for 7 was
3 subject 4 ,
3 subject 6 lateralization
5 functional 6 lateralization
6 lateralization 7 was
7 was 8 measured
8 measured 9 for
8 measured 24 as
9 for 11 pair
10 each 11 pair
11 pair 12 of
12 of 14 regions
13 7266 14 regions
14 regions 15 covering
15 covering 18 matter
16 the 18 matter
17 gray 18 matter
18 matter 19 at
19 at 22 mm
20 5 22 mm
24 as 28 correlation
25 a 28 correlation
26 difference 28 correlation
28 correlation 30 and
28 correlation 34 across
29 before 30 and
30 and 31 after
31 after 32 inverting
32 inverting 33 images
34 across 37 plane
35 the 37 plane
36 midsagittal 37 plane

the difference in gray matter density between homotopic coordinates was used as a regressor to reduce the effect of structural asymmetries on functional lateralization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 in
2 difference 10 was
3 in 6 density
4 gray 5 matter
5 matter 6 density
6 density 7 between
7 between 9 coordinates
8 homotopic 9 coordinates
10 was 11 used
11 used 12 as
11 used 15 to
11 used 16 reduce
12 as 14 regressor
13 a 14 regressor
15 to 16 reduce
16 reduce 18 effect
16 reduce 22 on
17 the 18 effect
18 effect 19 of
19 of 21 asymmetries
20 structural 21 asymmetries
22 on 24 lateralization
23 functional 24 lateralization

nine left - and 11 right - lateralized hubs were identified as peaks in the degree map from the graph of significantly lateralized connections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 left
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nine 2 left
3 - 4 and
4 and 9 hubs
4 and 11 identified
5 11 9 hubs
6 right 7 -
6 right 9 hubs
8 lateralized 9 hubs
9 hubs 10 were
10 were 11 identified
11 identified 12 as
11 identified 14 in
12 as 13 peaks
14 in 17 map
15 the 17 map
16 degree 17 map
17 map 18 from
18 from 20 graph
19 the 20 graph
20 graph 21 of
21 of 24 connections
22 significantly 23 lateralized
23 lateralized 24 connections

left - and right - lateralized hubs formed two separable networks of mutually lateralized regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 left
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 - 3 and
3 and 7 hubs
3 and 8 formed
4 right 5 -
4 right 7 hubs
6 lateralized 7 hubs
7 hubs 8 formed
8 formed 11 networks
9 two 11 networks
10 separable 11 networks
11 networks 12 of
12 of 15 regions
13 mutually 14 lateralized
14 lateralized 15 regions

connections involving only left - or only right - lateralized hubs [showed] positive [correlation] across subjects , but only for connections sharing a node . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 connections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 lateralized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 connections 2 involving
1 connections 10 lateralized
2 involving 3 only
2 involving 6 or
4 left 6 or
5 - 6 or
6 or 7 only
6 or 8 right
6 or 9 -
10 lateralized 11 hubs
11 hubs 13 positive
13 positive 18 but
15 across 16 subjects
15 across 18 but
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 only
18 but 20 for
20 for 21 connections
21 connections 22 sharing
22 sharing 24 node
23 a 24 node

lateralization of brain connections appears to be a local rather than global property of brain networks , and our data are not consistent with a whole - brain phenotype of greater " left - brained " [or] greater " right - brained " network strength across individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lateralization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 lateralization 2 of
1 lateralization 5 appears
2 of 4 connections
3 brain 4 connections
5 appears 6 to
5 appears 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 9 local
7 be 11 than
8 a 9 local
10 rather 11 than
11 than 13 property
12 global 13 property
13 property 14 of
14 of 16 networks
15 brain 16 networks
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 data
18 and 21 are
19 our 20 data
20 data 21 are
21 are 22 not
21 are 24 with
22 not 23 consistent
24 with 29 phenotype
25 a 26 whole
25 a 29 phenotype
26 whole 27 -
26 whole 29 phenotype
28 brain 29 phenotype
29 phenotype 30 of
30 of 45 strength
31 greater 32 "
31 greater 44 network
33 left 40 right
33 left 44 network
34 - 40 right
35 brained 36 "
35 brained 40 right
38 greater 39 "
38 greater 40 right
40 right 41 -
42 brained 43 "
42 brained 44 network
44 network 45 strength
45 strength 46 across
46 across 47 individuals

small increases in lateralization with age were seen , but no differences in gender were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 small 2 increases
2 increases 3 in
2 increases 7 were
3 in 4 lateralization
4 lateralization 5 with
5 with 6 age
7 were 8 seen
9 , 10 but
10 but 12 differences
10 but 16 observed
11 no 12 differences
12 differences 13 in
12 differences 15 were
13 in 14 gender
15 were 16 observed

molecular mechanisms leading to pressure ulcer development are scarce in spite of high mortality of patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 molecular 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 leading
2 mechanisms 8 are
3 leading 4 to
4 to 5 pressure
5 pressure 7 development
6 ulcer 7 development
8 are 9 scarce
9 scarce 10 in
10 in 11 spite
11 spite 12 of
12 of 14 mortality
13 high 14 mortality
14 mortality 15 of
15 of 16 patients

development of pressure ulcers that is initially observed as deep tissue injury is multifactorial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 development 2 of
1 development 8 observed
2 of 4 ulcers
3 pressure 4 ulcers
5 that 6 is
6 is 8 observed
7 initially 8 observed
8 observed 12 injury
8 observed 13 is
9 as 11 tissue
9 as 12 injury
10 deep 11 tissue
12 injury 13 is
13 is 14 multifactorial

we postulate that biomechanical forces and inflammasome activation , together with ischemia and aging , may play a role in pressure ulcer development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 6 and
2 postulate 5 forces
2 postulate 6 and
3 that 4 biomechanical
4 biomechanical 5 forces
6 and 17 play
7 inflammasome 8 activation
8 activation 11 with
8 activation 16 may
9 , 11 with
10 together 11 with
11 with 13 and
11 with 15 ,
12 ischemia 13 and
13 and 14 aging
16 may 17 play
17 play 19 role
17 play 20 in
18 a 19 role
20 in 23 development
21 pressure 23 development
22 ulcer 23 development

collagen orientation was assessed using polarized light , whereas inflammasome proteins were quantified by immunoblotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 orientation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 collagen 2 orientation
2 orientation 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 7 light
6 polarized 7 light
8 , 11 proteins
8 , 13 quantified
9 whereas 10 inflammasome
9 whereas 11 proteins
11 proteins 12 were
12 were 13 quantified
13 quantified 14 by
14 by 15 immunoblotting

loaded skin showed marked changes in morphology and nlrp3 inflammasome protein expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 loaded 2 skin
2 skin 3 showed
3 showed 8 and
3 showed 10 inflammasome
4 marked 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
5 changes 8 and
6 in 7 morphology
8 and 9 nlrp3
8 and 10 inflammasome
10 inflammasome 12 expression
11 protein 12 expression

sub - epidermal separations and altered orientation of collagen fibers were observed in aged skin at earlier time points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 sub 2 -
1 sub 5 and
3 epidermal 4 separations
4 separations 5 and
5 and 7 orientation
5 and 8 of
5 and 11 were
6 altered 7 orientation
8 of 10 fibers
9 collagen 10 fibers
11 were 12 observed
12 observed 13 in
12 observed 16 at
13 in 15 skin
14 aged 15 skin
16 at 19 points
17 earlier 19 points
18 time 19 points

aged skin showed significant decreases in the levels of nlrp3 inflammasome proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 aged 2 skin
2 skin 3 showed
3 showed 5 decreases
3 showed 11 inflammasome
4 significant 5 decreases
5 decreases 6 in
5 decreases 11 inflammasome
6 in 8 levels
7 the 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 10 nlrp3
11 inflammasome 12 proteins

loading did not alter nlrp3 inflammasome proteins expression in aged skin , whereas it significantly increased their levels in young skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 loading
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 loading 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 alter
4 alter 8 expression
4 alter 9 in
4 alter 13 whereas
5 nlrp3 8 expression
6 inflammasome 8 expression
7 proteins 8 expression
9 in 11 skin
10 aged 11 skin
12 , 13 whereas
13 whereas 14 it
14 it 16 increased
15 significantly 16 increased
16 increased 18 levels
16 increased 19 in
17 their 18 levels
19 in 21 skin
20 young 21 skin

we conclude that aging contributes to rapid morphological changes and decrease in inflammasome proteins in response to tissue damage , suggesting that a decline in the innate inflammatory response in elderly skin could contribute to pressure ulcer pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 we 10 and
2 conclude 3 that
2 conclude 10 and
3 that 4 aging
3 that 5 contributes
4 aging 5 contributes
5 contributes 6 to
6 to 9 changes
7 rapid 9 changes
8 morphological 9 changes
10 and 11 decrease
10 and 21 suggesting
11 decrease 12 in
11 decrease 17 to
12 in 14 proteins
13 inflammasome 14 proteins
15 in 16 response
16 response 17 to
17 to 19 damage
18 tissue 19 damage
20 , 21 suggesting
21 suggesting 22 that
21 suggesting 39 .
22 that 24 decline
22 that 34 contribute
23 a 24 decline
24 decline 25 in
24 decline 30 in
24 decline 33 could
25 in 29 response
26 the 29 response
27 innate 29 response
28 inflammatory 29 response
30 in 32 skin
31 elderly 32 skin
33 could 34 contribute
34 contribute 35 to
35 to 36 pressure
36 pressure 38 pathogenesis
37 ulcer 38 pathogenesis

observed morphological changes suggest that tissue damage upon loading may not be entirely preventable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 observed 3 changes
2 morphological 3 changes
3 changes 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 7 damage
5 that 12 be
6 tissue 7 damage
7 damage 8 upon
7 damage 10 may
8 upon 9 loading
10 may 11 not
10 may 12 be
12 be 14 preventable
13 entirely 14 preventable

furthermore , newly developed model described [here] [may] [be] very useful [in] understanding [the] mechanisms of deep tissue injury that may lead towards development of pressure ulcers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 15 mechanisms
3 newly 4 developed
4 developed 5 model
5 model 15 mechanisms
6 described 15 mechanisms
10 very 11 useful
11 useful 15 mechanisms
13 understanding 15 mechanisms
15 mechanisms 16 of
15 mechanisms 26 pressure
16 of 19 injury
17 deep 18 tissue
18 tissue 19 injury
19 injury 20 that
19 injury 25 of
20 that 21 may
21 may 22 lead
22 lead 23 towards
23 towards 24 development
24 development 25 of
26 pressure 27 ulcers

aims : to evaluate the complication rate differences between elderly and younger patients who receive a permanent pacemaker implantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 20 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 8 differences
4 evaluate 9 between
5 the 8 differences
6 complication 8 differences
7 rate 8 differences
9 between 13 patients
10 elderly 11 and
11 and 12 younger
11 and 13 patients
13 patients 14 who
13 patients 15 receive
14 who 15 receive
15 receive 19 implantation
16 a 17 permanent
16 a 19 implantation
17 permanent 18 pacemaker
18 pacemaker 19 implantation

methods : we reviewed all cases admitted to our institution between january 2008 and june 2009 with symptomatic bradyarrhythmia for whom a permanent pacemaker was implanted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 admitted
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 reviewed
3 we 4 reviewed
4 reviewed 5 all
5 all 6 cases
5 all 7 admitted
6 cases 7 admitted
7 admitted 8 to
7 admitted 11 between
7 admitted 17 with
8 to 10 institution
9 our 10 institution
11 between 14 and
12 january 13 2008
12 january 14 and
14 and 15 june
15 june 16 2009
17 with 19 bradyarrhythmia
18 symptomatic 19 bradyarrhythmia
19 bradyarrhythmia 20 for
20 for 21 whom
20 for 24 pacemaker
20 for 26 implanted
22 a 23 permanent
22 a 24 pacemaker
23 permanent 24 pacemaker
24 pacemaker 25 was
25 was 26 implanted
26 implanted 27 .

beginning in june 2009 , we prospectively collected data from all patients with the same diagnosis and procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 beginning 2 in
1 beginning 5 ,
1 beginning 6 we
2 in 3 june
3 june 4 2009
6 we 8 collected
7 prospectively 8 collected
8 collected 9 data
8 collected 13 with
9 data 10 from
10 from 12 patients
11 all 12 patients
13 with 17 and
14 the 15 same
15 same 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 and
17 and 18 procedure

the frequency of complications due to the pacemaker implantation procedure was evaluated and compared between young ( < 70 years old ) and elderly ( ≥70 years old ) patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 of
2 frequency 23 and
3 of 4 complications
4 complications 5 due
4 complications 19 70
5 due 6 to
5 due 16 young
6 to 9 implantation
7 the 9 implantation
8 pacemaker 9 implantation
9 implantation 10 procedure
9 implantation 15 between
10 procedure 11 was
11 was 13 and
12 evaluated 13 and
13 and 14 compared
13 and 15 between
17 ( 19 70
18 < 19 70
19 70 21 old
19 70 22 )
20 years 21 old
23 and 30 patients
24 elderly 26 ≥70
24 elderly 30 patients
25 ( 26 ≥70
26 ≥70 28 old
26 ≥70 29 )
27 years 28 old

results : among 574 patients with a permanent pacemaker , 259 patients ( 45.1 % ) were below and 315 patients ( 54.9 % ) were above or at 70 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 among
2 : 6 with
3 among 5 patients
4 574 5 patients
6 with 9 pacemaker
7 a 8 permanent
7 a 9 pacemaker
8 permanent 9 pacemaker
10 , 12 patients
10 , 17 were
10 , 19 and
11 259 12 patients
12 patients 15 %
12 patients 17 were
13 ( 15 %
14 45.1 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 were 18 below
19 and 21 patients
19 and 26 were
20 315 21 patients
21 patients 24 %
21 patients 26 were
22 ( 24 %
23 54.9 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 were 28 or
27 above 28 or
28 or 29 at
29 at 31 years
30 70 31 years
31 years 32 of
32 of 33 age

there were 240 ( 92.7 % [ )(and 19 ( 7.3 % ) dual - chamber pacemaker [(] ddd [ )(and single - chamber pacemaker ( vvi ) implanted patients in the younger group [,] [and] 291 ( [76.8] [%] [ )(and 73 [(] 23.2 % [ )(ddd and vvi pacemaker implanted patients in the elderly group , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 3 240
2 were 14 dual
3 240 8 )(and
4 ( 8 )(and
5 92.7 6 %
5 92.7 8 )(and
8 )(and 9 19
8 )(and 12 %
8 )(and 13 )
10 ( 12 %
11 7.3 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 dual 23 -
15 - 23 -
16 chamber 17 pacemaker
17 pacemaker 19 ddd
19 ddd 21 )(and
21 )(and 22 single
21 )(and 23 -
23 - 24 chamber
24 chamber 25 pacemaker
24 chamber 29 implanted
25 pacemaker 27 vvi
25 pacemaker 29 implanted
26 ( 27 vvi
27 vvi 28 )
29 implanted 30 patients
29 implanted 31 in
31 in 42 )(and
32 the 34 group
33 younger 34 group
34 group 37 291
34 group 42 )(and
38 ( 42 )(and
42 )(and 50 vvi
42 )(and 51 pacemaker
42 )(and 52 implanted
43 73 50 vvi
45 23.2 50 vvi
46 % 50 vvi
48 )(ddd 49 and
49 and 50 vvi
51 pacemaker 52 implanted
52 implanted 53 patients
52 implanted 54 in
52 implanted 59 respectively
54 in 57 group
55 the 57 group
56 elderly 57 group
58 , 59 respectively
59 respectively 60 .

the complication rate was 39 ( 15.1 % ) out of 259 young patients [and] 24 ( 7.6 % ) out of 315 elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 rate
2 complication 3 rate
3 rate 4 was
4 was 5 39
4 was 11 of
4 was 22 of
5 39 8 %
6 ( 8 %
7 15.1 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 out 11 of
11 of 14 patients
12 259 14 patients
13 young 14 patients
14 patients 16 24
14 patients 19 %
17 ( 19 %
18 7.6 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 out 22 of
22 of 25 patients
23 315 25 patients
24 elderly 25 patients

postprocedural complications were statistically lower in the elderly patients than in younger patients ( p = 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 postprocedural 2 complications
2 complications 3 were
3 were 4 statistically
3 were 5 lower
5 lower 6 in
5 lower 10 than
6 in 9 patients
7 the 9 patients
8 elderly 9 patients
10 than 11 in
11 in 13 patients
12 younger 13 patients
13 patients 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 17 0.005
16 = 18 )

conclusion : a pacemaker implantation performed by an experienced operator is a safe procedure for patients of advanced age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 5 implantation
2 : 11 is
3 a 5 implantation
4 pacemaker 5 implantation
5 implantation 6 performed
5 implantation 11 is
6 performed 7 by
7 by 10 operator
8 an 10 operator
9 experienced 10 operator
11 is 14 procedure
12 a 13 safe
12 a 14 procedure
13 safe 14 procedure
14 procedure 15 for
14 procedure 17 of
15 for 16 patients
17 of 19 age
18 advanced 19 age

the patients who are above 70 years old may have less complication rates than the younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 who
2 patients 4 are
2 patients 9 may
3 who 4 are
4 are 5 above
4 are 8 old
6 70 7 years
7 years 8 old
9 may 10 have
10 have 11 less
10 have 13 rates
10 have 14 than
12 complication 13 rates
14 than 17 patients
15 the 17 patients
16 younger 17 patients

background : compelling evidence has shown that the incidence of lumbar disc herniation ( ldh ) increases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 evidence
2 : 6 shown
2 : 20 .
3 compelling 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 has
5 has 6 shown
6 shown 7 that
7 that 9 incidence
7 that 17 increases
8 the 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 of
9 incidence 17 increases
10 of 13 herniation
11 lumbar 12 disc
12 disc 13 herniation
13 herniation 15 ldh
14 ( 15 ldh
15 ldh 16 )
17 increases 18 with
18 with 19 age

in this study , retrospective clinical analysis of 601 cases of ldh has been conducted to investigate the role of age in the incidence of ldh in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 analysis
2 this 3 study
5 retrospective 7 analysis
6 clinical 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
7 analysis 11 of
7 analysis 13 has
8 of 10 cases
9 601 10 cases
11 of 12 ldh
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 conducted
15 conducted 16 to
15 conducted 22 in
15 conducted 27 in
16 to 17 investigate
17 investigate 19 role
18 the 19 role
19 role 20 of
20 of 21 age
22 in 24 incidence
23 the 24 incidence
24 incidence 25 of
25 of 26 ldh
27 in 29 elderly
28 the 29 elderly

the aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the process of aging and the occurrence of ldh in old adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 relationship
8 investigate 11 between
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 16 and
12 the 13 process
13 process 14 of
13 process 16 and
14 of 15 aging
16 and 18 occurrence
17 the 18 occurrence
18 occurrence 19 of
19 of 20 ldh
20 ldh 21 in
21 in 23 adults
22 old 23 adults

methods : clinical cases ( n = 601 [ )(of ldh were retrospectively analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 4 cases
2 : 12 were
3 clinical 4 cases
4 cases 7 =
4 cases 12 were
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 601
8 601 10 )(of
10 )(of 11 ldh
12 were 13 retrospectively
12 were 14 analyzed

results : [the] imaging examination with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging showed the occurrence of degeneration in ldh patients over 65 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 imaging
4 imaging 5 examination
4 imaging 6 with
4 imaging 9 and/or
6 with 8 tomography
7 computed 8 tomography
9 and/or 12 imaging
10 magnetic 11 resonance
11 resonance 12 imaging
12 imaging 13 showed
13 showed 15 occurrence
13 showed 20 patients
13 showed 21 over
14 the 15 occurrence
15 occurrence 16 of
15 occurrence 18 in
16 of 17 degeneration
18 in 19 ldh
21 over 23 years
22 65 23 years
23 years 24 of
24 of 25 age

the most common site of ldh is toward the bottom of the spine at l4 - l5 [and/or] l5 - s1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 site
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 the 4 site
2 most 3 common
3 common 4 site
4 site 5 of
4 site 7 is
5 of 6 ldh
7 is 8 toward
7 is 14 at
8 toward 10 bottom
9 the 10 bottom
10 bottom 11 of
11 of 13 spine
12 the 13 spine
14 at 15 l4
15 l4 19 l5
16 - 19 l5
17 l5 19 l5
19 l5 20 -
20 - 21 s1
20 - 22 .

the incidence of ldh drops with age in the elderly , especially after the age of 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 drops
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 5 drops
3 of 4 ldh
5 drops 6 with
5 drops 8 in
5 drops 13 after
6 with 7 age
8 in 10 elderly
9 the 10 elderly
11 , 12 especially
11 , 13 after
13 after 15 age
13 after 19 .
14 the 15 age
15 age 16 of
16 of 18 years
17 80 18 years

there is an obvious decrease in ldh in the elderly female . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 decrease
3 an 4 obvious
3 an 5 decrease
4 obvious 5 decrease
5 decrease 6 in
6 in 7 ldh
7 ldh 8 in
8 in 11 female
9 the 11 female
10 elderly 11 female

conclusion : a decreasing incidence of ldh with aging occurs in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 incidence
2 : 10 occurs
2 : 14 .
3 a 5 incidence
4 decreasing 5 incidence
5 incidence 6 of
5 incidence 10 occurs
6 of 7 ldh
7 ldh 8 with
8 with 9 aging
10 occurs 11 in
11 in 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly

this investigation indicates that aging is not a contributor to the performance of ldh in the elderly although the incidence of ldh is proportional to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 indicates
3 indicates 4 that
4 that 5 aging
4 that 6 is
5 aging 6 is
6 is 7 not
6 is 9 contributor
6 is 18 although
8 a 9 contributor
9 contributor 10 to
9 contributor 13 of
10 to 12 performance
11 the 12 performance
13 of 14 ldh
14 ldh 15 in
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 although 20 incidence
18 although 23 is
19 the 20 incidence
20 incidence 21 of
20 incidence 23 is
21 of 22 ldh
23 is 24 proportional
24 proportional 25 to
25 to 26 age

methods : the study involved a total number of 122 patients ( 122 eyes ) with senile cataracts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 involved
2 : 19 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 involved
5 involved 11 patients
5 involved 16 with
6 a 7 total
6 a 8 number
7 total 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 11 patients
9 of 11 patients
10 122 11 patients
11 patients 14 eyes
12 ( 14 eyes
13 122 14 eyes
14 eyes 15 )
16 with 18 cataracts
17 senile 18 cataracts

the mean age of patients was 91.2 ± 2.3 years ( range 90 - 100 years old ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 6 was
4 of 5 patients
6 was 10 years
7 91.2 10 years
8 ± 10 years
9 2.3 10 years
10 years 12 range
11 ( 12 range
12 range 13 90
12 range 17 old
12 range 18 )
14 - 15 100
15 100 16 years
16 years 17 old

phacoemulsification ( phaco ) was done on 113 of 122 eyes , and 9 of 122 eyes had extracapsular cataract extraction ( ecce ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phacoemulsification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 phacoemulsification 3 phaco
1 phacoemulsification 5 was
2 ( 3 phaco
3 phaco 4 )
5 was 6 done
6 done 7 on
7 on 8 113
8 113 9 of
9 of 11 eyes
10 122 11 eyes
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 9
13 and 18 had
14 9 15 of
14 9 18 had
15 of 17 eyes
16 122 17 eyes
18 had 21 extraction
19 extracapsular 20 cataract
20 cataract 21 extraction
21 extraction 23 ecce
22 ( 23 ecce
23 ecce 24 )

postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure ( iop ) were analyzed on the first postoperative day , 3 months after surgery , and 6 months after surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 postoperative 3 acuity
2 visual 3 acuity
3 acuity 4 and
4 and 6 pressure
4 and 8 iop
4 and 10 were
5 intraocular 6 pressure
7 ( 8 iop
8 iop 9 )
10 were 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 23 and
12 on 16 day
12 on 23 and
13 the 16 day
14 first 16 day
15 postoperative 16 day
16 day 18 3
17 , 18 3
18 3 20 after
18 3 22 ,
19 months 20 after
20 after 21 surgery
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 after
24 6 25 months
25 months 26 after
26 after 27 surgery

results : best corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) improved in 100 of 122 eyes ( 82.0 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 acuity
2 : 10 improved
2 : 20 .
3 best 4 corrected
4 corrected 6 acuity
5 visual 6 acuity
6 acuity 8 bcva
6 acuity 10 improved
7 ( 8 bcva
8 bcva 9 )
10 improved 11 in
11 in 12 100
12 100 13 of
13 of 15 eyes
14 122 15 eyes
15 eyes 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 82.0 18 %
18 % 19 )

bcva remained the same in 20 of 122 eyes ( 16.4 % ) and decreased in 2 of 122 eyes ( 1.6 % ) , mainly because of coexisting age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bcva
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 bcva 14 and
2 remained 4 same
2 remained 5 in
2 remained 14 and
3 the 4 same
5 in 6 20
6 20 7 of
6 20 12 %
7 of 9 eyes
8 122 9 eyes
10 ( 12 %
11 16.4 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 and 15 decreased
15 decreased 16 in
15 decreased 28 of
16 in 17 2
17 2 18 of
18 of 20 eyes
19 122 20 eyes
20 eyes 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 1.6 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 , 26 mainly
25 , 28 of
27 because 28 of
28 of 29 coexisting
28 of 31 -
29 coexisting 30 age
31 - 32 related
32 related 34 degeneration
33 macular 34 degeneration
34 degeneration 36 amd
35 ( 36 amd
36 amd 37 )

the bcva 3 months after surgery was ≥0.8 in 23 of 122 eyes ( 18.9 % ) , between 0.5 and 0.7 in 28 of 122 eyes ( 22.3 % ) , and between 0.2 and 0.4 in 33 of 122 eyes ( 27.1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bcva
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 2 bcva
2 bcva 5 after
2 bcva 7 was
3 3 4 months
4 months 5 after
5 after 6 surgery
7 was 8 ≥0.8
8 ≥0.8 9 in
9 in 10 23
10 23 11 of
11 of 13 eyes
12 122 13 eyes
13 eyes 16 %
13 eyes 21 and
14 ( 16 %
15 18.9 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 , 21 and
19 between 21 and
20 0.5 21 and
21 and 22 0.7
21 and 33 and
21 and 46 )
23 in 24 28
23 in 33 and
24 28 25 of
24 28 30 %
25 of 27 eyes
26 122 27 eyes
28 ( 30 %
29 22.3 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 between
34 between 36 and
35 0.2 36 and
36 and 37 0.4
36 and 40 of
36 and 45 %
37 0.4 38 in
38 in 39 33
40 of 42 eyes
41 122 42 eyes
43 ( 45 %
44 27.1 45 %
45 % 46 )

we found significant implications of cataract surgery on decreasing iop in the studied group of patients suffering from glaucoma compared to the patients without glaucoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 implications
2 found 8 on
2 found 17 suffering
3 significant 4 implications
4 implications 5 of
5 of 7 surgery
6 cataract 7 surgery
8 on 9 decreasing
9 decreasing 10 iop
9 decreasing 11 in
11 in 16 patients
12 the 14 group
13 studied 14 group
14 group 15 of
14 group 16 patients
15 of 16 patients
17 suffering 18 from
17 suffering 21 to
17 suffering 24 without
18 from 19 glaucoma
19 glaucoma 20 compared
21 to 23 patients
22 the 23 patients
24 without 25 glaucoma

conclusion : advanced age is not a contraindication for cataract surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 age
2 : 5 is
2 : 12 .
3 advanced 4 age
4 age 5 is
5 is 6 not
5 is 8 contraindication
7 a 8 contraindication
8 contraindication 9 for
9 for 11 surgery
10 cataract 11 surgery

the results of the study showed that when systemic conditions are stable , both phaco and ecce with iol for very elderly patients are effective and safe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 showed
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 showed 7 that
6 showed 8 when
8 when 10 conditions
8 when 11 are
9 systemic 10 conditions
10 conditions 11 are
11 are 12 stable
13 , 16 and
13 , 24 are
14 both 16 and
15 phaco 16 and
16 and 17 ecce
16 and 20 for
16 and 24 are
17 ecce 18 with
18 with 19 iol
20 for 23 patients
21 very 22 elderly
22 elderly 23 patients
24 are 26 and
25 effective 26 and
26 and 27 safe

background : methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) infections are associated with significant mortality and health care costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 11 infections
2 : 13 associated
3 methicillin 7 aureus
3 methicillin 11 infections
4 - 7 aureus
5 resistant 7 aureus
6 staphylococcus 7 aureus
7 aureus 9 mrsa
7 aureus 10 )
8 ( 9 mrsa
9 mrsa 10 )
11 infections 12 are
12 are 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 17 and
15 significant 16 mortality
16 mortality 17 and
17 and 20 costs
18 health 19 care
19 care 20 costs

to improve treatment outcomes for mrsa , a better understanding of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of vancomycin is required to develop optimal dosing strategies , particularly in elderly patients ( ≥75 years of age [ )( limited renal [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 to 2 improve
2 improve 4 outcomes
2 improve 5 for
3 treatment 4 outcomes
5 for 6 mrsa
7 , 10 understanding
7 , 18 required
8 a 10 understanding
9 better 10 understanding
10 understanding 11 of
10 understanding 15 of
10 understanding 17 is
11 of 14 parameters
12 the 14 parameters
13 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic 14 parameters
15 of 16 vancomycin
17 is 18 required
18 required 19 to
18 required 20 develop
19 to 20 develop
20 develop 23 strategies
21 optimal 23 strategies
22 dosing 23 strategies
23 strategies 26 in
24 , 25 particularly
24 , 26 in
26 in 28 patients
26 in 39 .
27 elderly 28 patients
28 patients 31 years
29 ( 31 years
30 ≥75 31 years
31 years 32 of
31 years 36 limited
31 years 39 .
32 of 33 age
36 limited 37 renal

the purpose of this study was to determine whether pharmacokinetic indices for vancomycin are associated with mortality from mrsa hospital [-] acquired pneumonia in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 whether
9 whether 11 indices
9 whether 15 associated
10 pharmacokinetic 11 indices
11 indices 12 for
11 indices 14 are
12 for 13 vancomycin
14 are 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 24 in
16 with 17 mortality
16 with 18 from
18 from 23 pneumonia
19 mrsa 22 acquired
20 hospital 22 acquired
22 acquired 23 pneumonia
24 in 26 patients
25 elderly 26 patients

methods : we conducted a retrospective observational study with 28 - day mortality as the primary outcome for 94 patients with mrsa [hospital] - acquired pneumonia who had been treated with vancomycin from january 2006 through december 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 24 -
2 : 39 .
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 8 study
5 a 6 retrospective
5 a 8 study
6 retrospective 8 study
7 observational 8 study
8 study 9 with
9 with 10 28
10 28 13 mortality
11 - 13 mortality
12 day 13 mortality
13 mortality 14 as
13 mortality 24 -
14 as 17 outcome
15 the 17 outcome
16 primary 17 outcome
17 outcome 18 for
17 outcome 21 with
18 for 20 patients
19 94 20 patients
21 with 22 mrsa
24 - 26 pneumonia
25 acquired 26 pneumonia
26 pneumonia 27 who
26 pneumonia 28 had
27 who 28 had
28 had 29 been
29 been 30 treated
30 treated 31 with
30 treated 33 from
30 treated 36 through
31 with 32 vancomycin
33 from 34 january
34 january 35 2006
36 through 37 december
37 december 38 2012

our most recent sampling of mrsa isolates [had] a minimum inhibitory concentration ( mic ) for vancomycin of 1 μg / [ml] ( 86 % ) , indicating that the area under the curve ( auc ) was equal to the auc/mic in these [isolates] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sampling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 isolates
1 our 4 sampling
2 most 4 sampling
3 recent 4 sampling
4 sampling 5 of
4 sampling 7 isolates
5 of 6 mrsa
7 isolates 12 concentration
7 isolates 16 for
7 isolates 28 indicating
9 a 10 minimum
9 a 12 concentration
10 minimum 12 concentration
11 inhibitory 12 concentration
12 concentration 14 mic
13 ( 14 mic
14 mic 15 )
16 for 17 vancomycin
17 vancomycin 18 of
18 of 21 /
19 1 20 μg
20 μg 21 /
21 / 25 %
23 ( 25 %
24 86 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 , 28 indicating
28 indicating 29 that
28 indicating 46 .
29 that 31 area
29 that 38 was
30 the 31 area
31 area 32 under
31 area 38 was
32 under 34 curve
33 the 34 curve
34 curve 36 auc
35 ( 36 auc
36 auc 37 )
38 was 39 equal
39 equal 40 to
39 equal 43 in
40 to 42 auc/mic
41 the 42 auc/mic
43 in 44 these

the primary data from 28 [-] day survivors and nonsurvivors were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 data
2 primary 3 data
3 data 4 from
3 data 11 were
4 from 9 and
5 28 7 day
7 day 8 survivors
8 survivors 9 and
9 and 10 nonsurvivors
11 were 12 compared

results : among 94 elderly patients , the mean age was 82 ( 75 - 99 ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 among
3 among 6 patients
4 94 6 patients
5 elderly 6 patients
7 , 10 age
7 , 11 was
8 the 10 age
9 mean 10 age
10 age 11 was
11 was 18 years
12 82 18 years
13 ( 15 -
14 75 15 -
15 - 16 99
15 - 17 )
15 - 18 years

multivariate analyses revealed that , among the factors examined , only the nonoptimal auc ( < 250 , >450 μg*h/ml ) was an independent predictor of 28 - day mortality in elderly patients ( odds ratio 23.156 , 95 % confidence interval 6.814 - 78.687 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 multivariate 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
3 revealed 6 among
5 , 6 among
6 among 8 factors
6 among 10 ,
7 the 8 factors
8 factors 9 examined
10 , 11 only
10 , 22 was
11 only 14 auc
12 the 14 auc
13 nonoptimal 14 auc
14 auc 17 250
14 auc 22 was
15 ( 17 250
16 < 17 250
17 250 20 μg*h/ml
17 250 21 )
18 , 20 μg*h/ml
19 >450 20 μg*h/ml
20 μg*h/ml 21 )
22 was 25 predictor
22 was 48 <
23 an 25 predictor
24 independent 25 predictor
25 predictor 26 of
26 of 27 28
27 28 30 mortality
28 - 30 mortality
29 day 30 mortality
30 mortality 31 in
30 mortality 46 ,
31 in 33 patients
32 elderly 33 patients
33 patients 36 ratio
33 patients 42 interval
34 ( 36 ratio
35 odds 36 ratio
36 ratio 37 23.156
36 ratio 38 ,
38 , 42 interval
39 95 42 interval
40 % 41 confidence
41 confidence 42 interval
42 interval 44 -
42 interval 46 ,
43 6.814 44 -
44 - 45 78.687
47 p 48 <
48 < 49 0.001
48 < 50 )

we detected a significant difference for increasing nephrotoxicity in nonsurvivors ( nine of 32 patients [ 28 % ] ) compared with survivors ( three of 62 patients [ 4.8 % ] , p = 0.003 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 detected
2 detected 5 difference
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 for
5 difference 21 compared
6 for 7 increasing
7 increasing 8 nephrotoxicity
7 increasing 9 in
9 in 10 nonsurvivors
10 nonsurvivors 12 nine
11 ( 12 nine
12 nine 13 of
12 nine 18 %
12 nine 20 )
13 of 15 patients
14 32 15 patients
16 [ 18 %
17 28 18 %
18 % 19 ]
21 compared 22 with
22 with 23 survivors
23 survivors 25 three
23 survivors 35 =
24 ( 25 three
25 three 26 of
25 three 33 ,
26 of 28 patients
27 62 28 patients
28 patients 31 %
29 [ 31 %
30 4.8 31 %
31 % 32 ]
33 , 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 0.003
35 = 37 )

conclusion : this finding indicates that patients [with] potentially poor renal function [are] likely to have increased auc values and a poor prognosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 finding
2 : 5 indicates
2 : 24 .
3 this 4 finding
4 finding 5 indicates
5 indicates 12 function
6 that 12 function
7 patients 12 function
9 potentially 10 poor
10 poor 12 function
11 renal 12 function
12 function 14 likely
14 likely 15 to
14 likely 17 increased
15 to 16 have
16 have 17 increased
17 increased 20 and
18 auc 19 values
19 values 20 and
20 and 23 prognosis
21 a 22 poor
21 a 23 prognosis
22 poor 23 prognosis

consideration of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and targeting an auc/mic value of 250 - 450 μg*h/ml may result in improved treatment outcomes for elderly patients with mrsa hospital [-] acquired pneumonia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 consideration 2 of
1 consideration 7 and
2 of 4 pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics
3 the 4 pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics
4 pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics 5 of
5 of 6 vancomycin
7 and 8 targeting
7 and 11 value
7 and 19 in
7 and 20 improved
9 an 11 value
10 auc/mic 11 value
11 value 12 of
11 value 17 may
12 of 16 μg*h/ml
13 250 14 -
14 - 15 450
14 - 16 μg*h/ml
17 may 18 result
18 result 19 in
20 improved 22 outcomes
20 improved 23 for
20 improved 26 with
21 treatment 22 outcomes
23 for 25 patients
24 elderly 25 patients
26 with 31 pneumonia
27 mrsa 30 acquired
28 hospital 30 acquired
30 acquired 31 pneumonia

fossil evidence for longitudinal arches in the foot is frequently used to constrain the origins of terrestrial bipedality in human ancestors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 fossil 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 for
2 evidence 9 is
3 for 5 arches
4 longitudinal 5 arches
5 arches 6 in
6 in 8 foot
7 the 8 foot
9 is 10 frequently
9 is 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 constrain
12 to 13 constrain
13 constrain 15 origins
13 constrain 19 in
14 the 15 origins
15 origins 16 of
16 of 18 bipedality
17 terrestrial 18 bipedality
19 in 21 ancestors
20 human 21 ancestors

this approach rests on the prevailing concept that human feet are unique in functioning with a relatively stiff lateral mid - foot , lacking the significant flexion and high plantar pressures present [in] [non] - human apes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rests
1 this 2 approach
2 approach 3 rests
3 rests 4 on
3 rests 13 in
4 on 7 concept
5 the 7 concept
6 prevailing 7 concept
7 concept 8 that
8 that 10 feet
8 that 11 are
9 human 10 feet
10 feet 11 are
11 are 12 unique
13 in 14 functioning
14 functioning 15 with
14 functioning 24 lacking
15 with 22 foot
16 a 22 foot
17 relatively 18 stiff
18 stiff 22 foot
19 lateral 22 foot
20 mid 21 -
20 mid 22 foot
23 , 24 lacking
24 lacking 28 and
24 lacking 38 .
25 the 27 flexion
26 significant 27 flexion
27 flexion 28 and
28 and 32 present
28 and 37 apes
29 high 32 present
30 plantar 32 present
31 pressures 32 present
35 - 37 apes
36 human 37 apes
37 apes 38 .

this paradigm has stood for more than 70 years but has yet to be tested objectively with quantitative data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paradigm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 paradigm
2 paradigm 10 but
3 has 4 stood
3 has 10 but
4 stood 5 for
5 for 9 years
6 more 7 than
7 than 8 70
8 70 9 years
10 but 11 has
11 has 13 to
11 has 15 tested
12 yet 13 to
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 tested
15 tested 16 objectively
15 tested 17 with
17 with 19 data
18 quantitative 19 data

herein , we show that plantar pressure records with elevated lateral mid - foot pressures occur frequently in healthy , habitually shod humans , with magnitudes in some individuals approaching absolute maxima across the foot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 herein 2 ,
1 herein 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 8 records
5 that 16 occur
6 plantar 7 pressure
7 pressure 8 records
8 records 9 with
8 records 16 occur
9 with 15 pressures
10 elevated 15 pressures
11 lateral 14 foot
12 mid 13 -
12 mid 14 foot
14 foot 15 pressures
16 occur 17 frequently
16 occur 18 in
16 occur 25 with
18 in 23 humans
19 healthy 20 ,
19 healthy 23 humans
21 habitually 22 shod
22 shod 23 humans
24 , 25 with
25 with 26 magnitudes
25 with 36 .
26 magnitudes 27 in
26 magnitudes 30 approaching
27 in 29 individuals
28 some 29 individuals
30 approaching 32 maxima
30 approaching 33 across
31 absolute 32 maxima
33 across 35 foot
34 the 35 foot

furthermore , the same astonishing pressure range is present in bonobos and the orangutan ( the most arboreal great ape ) , yielding overlap with human pressures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 same
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 same
3 the 4 same
4 same 5 astonishing
4 same 8 is
5 astonishing 7 range
6 pressure 7 range
8 is 9 present
9 present 10 in
9 present 25 with
10 in 12 and
11 bonobos 12 and
12 and 24 overlap
13 the 24 overlap
14 orangutan 20 ape
14 orangutan 22 ,
14 orangutan 24 overlap
15 ( 20 ape
16 the 20 ape
17 most 18 arboreal
18 arboreal 20 ape
19 great 20 ape
20 ape 21 )
23 yielding 24 overlap
25 with 27 pressures
26 human 27 pressures

thus , while the mean tendency of habitual mechanics of the mid - foot in healthy humans is indeed consistent with the traditional concept of the lateral mid - foot as a relatively rigid [or] stabilized structure , it is clear that lateral arch stabilization in humans is not obligate and is often transient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 39 it
3 while 6 tendency
3 while 18 is
3 while 39 it
4 the 6 tendency
5 mean 6 tendency
6 tendency 7 of
6 tendency 10 of
6 tendency 18 is
7 of 9 mechanics
8 habitual 9 mechanics
10 of 14 foot
11 the 14 foot
12 mid 13 -
12 mid 14 foot
14 foot 15 in
15 in 17 humans
16 healthy 17 humans
18 is 19 indeed
18 is 20 consistent
20 consistent 21 with
21 with 24 concept
22 the 24 concept
23 traditional 24 concept
24 concept 25 of
25 of 30 foot
26 the 30 foot
27 lateral 30 foot
28 mid 29 -
28 mid 30 foot
31 as 37 structure
31 as 38 ,
31 as 39 it
32 a 33 relatively
32 a 37 structure
33 relatively 34 rigid
34 rigid 37 structure
36 stabilized 37 structure
39 it 51 and
40 is 41 clear
40 is 51 and
41 clear 44 arch
42 that 44 arch
43 lateral 44 arch
44 arch 45 stabilization
44 arch 50 obligate
45 stabilization 46 in
45 stabilization 48 is
46 in 47 humans
48 is 49 not
48 is 50 obligate
51 and 52 is
52 is 53 often
52 is 54 transient

these findings suggest a level of detachment between foot stiffness during gait [and] osteological structure , hence [fossilized] bone morphology by itself may only provide a crude indication [of] mid - foot function in extinct hominins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 level
3 suggest 8 between
4 a 5 level
5 level 6 of
6 of 7 detachment
8 between 10 stiffness
9 foot 10 stiffness
10 stiffness 11 during
11 during 15 structure
12 gait 15 structure
14 osteological 15 structure
16 , 20 morphology
16 , 25 provide
17 hence 20 morphology
19 bone 20 morphology
20 morphology 21 by
20 morphology 23 may
21 by 22 itself
23 may 25 provide
24 only 25 provide
25 provide 33 function
25 provide 34 in
26 a 27 crude
26 a 33 function
27 crude 28 indication
28 indication 33 function
30 mid 31 -
30 mid 32 foot
32 foot 33 function
34 in 36 hominins
35 extinct 36 hominins

evidence for thick plantar tissues in ardipithecus ramidus suggests that a human - [like] combination of active and passive modulation of foot compliance by soft tissues extends back into an arboreal context , supporting an arboreal origin of hominin bipedalism in compressive orthogrady . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suggests
1 evidence 2 for
1 evidence 9 suggests
2 for 5 tissues
3 thick 5 tissues
4 plantar 5 tissues
5 tissues 6 in
6 in 8 ramidus
7 ardipithecus 8 ramidus
9 suggests 10 that
10 that 15 combination
10 that 27 extends
11 a 12 human
11 a 15 combination
12 human 13 -
12 human 15 combination
15 combination 16 of
15 combination 27 extends
16 of 20 modulation
17 active 18 and
18 and 19 passive
18 and 20 modulation
20 modulation 21 of
21 of 23 compliance
22 foot 23 compliance
23 compliance 24 by
24 by 26 tissues
25 soft 26 tissues
27 extends 28 back
27 extends 34 supporting
28 back 29 into
29 into 32 context
30 an 31 arboreal
30 an 32 context
31 arboreal 32 context
33 , 34 supporting
34 supporting 37 origin
34 supporting 44 .
35 an 36 arboreal
35 an 37 origin
36 arboreal 37 origin
37 origin 38 of
37 origin 40 bipedalism
38 of 39 hominin
40 bipedalism 41 in
41 in 43 orthogrady
42 compressive 43 orthogrady

we propose that the musculoskeletal conformation of the modern human mid - foot evolved under selection for a functionally tuneable , rather [than] obligatory stiff structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 6 conformation
3 that 14 evolved
4 the 6 conformation
5 musculoskeletal 6 conformation
6 conformation 7 of
6 conformation 14 evolved
7 of 13 foot
8 the 13 foot
9 modern 13 foot
10 human 13 foot
11 mid 12 -
11 mid 13 foot
14 evolved 15 under
15 under 16 selection
16 selection 17 for
17 for 26 structure
18 a 19 functionally
18 a 26 structure
19 functionally 20 tuneable
20 tuneable 21 ,
20 tuneable 26 structure
22 rather 24 obligatory
24 obligatory 26 structure
25 stiff 26 structure

background : low muscle strength is related to an increased risk for several chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 strength
2 : 7 related
2 : 16 .
3 low 4 muscle
4 muscle 5 strength
5 strength 6 is
6 is 7 related
7 related 8 to
8 to 11 risk
9 an 11 risk
10 increased 11 risk
11 risk 12 for
12 for 15 diseases
13 several 15 diseases
14 chronic 15 diseases

increased muscle strength improves daily function [and] quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 increased 2 muscle
2 muscle 3 strength
3 strength 4 improves
4 improves 8 quality
5 daily 6 function
6 function 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 10 life

methods : female patients ( n=178 , 22 - 83 years ) with musculoskeletal disorders , metabolic risk factors and other chronic diseases were recruited from primary care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 patients
3 female 4 patients
4 patients 6 n=178
5 ( 6 n=178
6 n=178 9 -
6 n=178 13 with
6 n=178 16 ,
7 , 9 -
8 22 9 -
9 - 11 years
9 - 12 )
10 83 11 years
13 with 15 disorders
14 musculoskeletal 15 disorders
16 , 19 factors
16 , 20 and
17 metabolic 19 factors
18 risk 19 factors
20 and 23 diseases
20 and 25 recruited
21 other 23 diseases
22 chronic 23 diseases
23 diseases 24 were
24 were 25 recruited
25 recruited 26 from
26 from 28 care
27 primary 28 care

maximal step - up height ( standardised step - up without a kick - off with the floor foot [ )(, anthropometric variables , vo₂ - max and self - reported physical function ( short form 36 ( sf - 36 ) ) were assessed before and after [a] 3 - month group training intervention programme . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 step
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 maximal 2 step
3 - 4 up
3 - 14 -
4 up 5 height
5 height 8 step
6 ( 8 step
7 standardised 8 step
8 step 10 up
8 step 14 -
9 - 10 up
10 up 11 without
10 up 14 -
11 without 13 kick
12 a 13 kick
14 - 19 foot
14 - 21 )(,
14 - 24 ,
15 off 16 with
15 off 19 foot
16 with 18 floor
17 the 18 floor
21 )(, 23 variables
22 anthropometric 23 variables
24 , 25 vo₂
24 , 26 -
26 - 28 and
26 - 30 -
27 max 28 and
28 and 29 self
30 - 33 function
31 reported 33 function
32 physical 33 function
33 function 36 form
33 function 44 were
34 ( 36 form
35 short 36 form
36 form 37 36
36 form 39 sf
36 form 43 )
38 ( 39 sf
39 sf 41 36
39 sf 43 )
40 - 41 36
41 36 42 )
44 were 45 assessed
45 assessed 47 and
46 before 47 and
47 and 48 after
48 after 50 3
50 3 56 programme
51 - 56 programme
52 month 56 programme
53 group 56 programme
54 training 55 intervention
55 intervention 56 programme
56 programme 57 .

associations between maximal [step] - up height and other variables were examined using univariate and multivariate methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 associations 2 between
1 associations 11 were
2 between 8 and
3 maximal 5 -
3 maximal 7 height
6 up 7 height
7 height 8 and
8 and 10 variables
9 other 10 variables
11 were 12 examined
12 examined 13 using
13 using 15 and
14 univariate 15 and
15 and 17 methods
16 multivariate 17 methods

results : at baseline and after intervention , maximal step - up height was negatively correlated to age , waist circumference and body weight and positively correlated to vo₂ - max , self - reported physical function [and] height . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 at 4 baseline
3 at 5 and
5 and 6 after
6 after 7 intervention
8 , 10 step
8 , 11 -
9 maximal 10 step
11 - 13 height
11 - 29 vo₂
11 - 30 -
12 up 13 height
13 height 25 and
14 was 16 correlated
14 was 25 and
15 negatively 16 correlated
16 correlated 17 to
17 to 22 and
18 age 19 ,
19 , 21 circumference
19 , 22 and
20 waist 21 circumference
22 and 24 weight
23 body 24 weight
25 and 27 correlated
25 and 28 to
26 positively 27 correlated
28 to 29 vo₂
30 - 33 self
30 - 35 reported
31 max 32 ,
31 max 33 self
34 - 35 reported
35 reported 39 height
36 physical 37 function
37 function 39 height

furthermore , maximal [step] - up height correlated to training [intensity] at [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 height
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 height
3 maximal 5 -
3 maximal 7 height
6 up 7 height
7 height 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 to
8 correlated 12 at
9 to 10 training
12 at 15 up
14 - 15 up

variations in changes in maximal [step] - up height were significantly explained by changes [in] [waist] [circumference] and physical function , regardless of age and changes in [vo₂] - max . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 variations 2 in
1 variations 4 in
1 variations 25 and
2 in 3 changes
4 in 9 height
5 maximal 7 -
5 maximal 9 height
8 up 9 height
10 were 12 explained
10 were 25 and
11 significantly 12 explained
12 explained 13 by
12 explained 23 of
13 by 18 and
14 changes 18 and
18 and 20 function
18 and 21 ,
19 physical 20 function
22 regardless 23 of
23 of 24 age
25 and 26 changes
26 changes 27 in
26 changes 29 -
26 changes 30 max

maximal step - up height below 24 cm discriminated patients with self [-] reported severe limitation [in] physical [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 step
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 maximal 2 step
3 - 5 height
3 - 9 discriminated
3 - 20 .
4 up 5 height
5 height 6 below
5 height 9 discriminated
6 below 8 cm
7 24 8 cm
9 discriminated 10 patients
9 discriminated 11 with
11 with 16 limitation
11 with 18 physical
12 self 14 reported
14 reported 16 limitation
15 severe 16 limitation

conclusions : maximal step - up height , assessed simply with a standardised step - up test , [may] function as a relevant indicator of health since it correlated negatively to the metabolic risk factors , waist circumference , body weight and age , and positively to vo₂ - max and physical function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
2 : 4 step
2 : 5 -
3 maximal 4 step
5 - 7 height
5 - 15 -
6 up 7 height
7 height 9 assessed
8 , 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 simply
9 assessed 15 -
10 simply 11 with
11 with 14 step
12 a 14 step
13 standardised 14 step
15 - 17 test
15 - 18 ,
15 - 36 ,
16 up 17 test
18 , 20 function
20 function 21 as
21 as 24 indicator
22 a 23 relevant
22 a 24 indicator
23 relevant 24 indicator
24 indicator 25 of
25 of 26 health
26 health 27 since
26 health 29 correlated
27 since 28 it
29 correlated 30 negatively
29 correlated 31 to
31 to 35 factors
32 the 35 factors
33 metabolic 35 factors
34 risk 35 factors
36 , 38 circumference
36 , 39 ,
37 waist 38 circumference
39 , 42 and
39 , 45 and
40 body 41 weight
41 weight 42 and
42 and 43 age
42 and 44 ,
44 , 45 and
45 and 51 and
45 and 53 function
46 positively 51 and
47 to 48 vo₂
47 to 49 -
47 to 51 and
50 max 51 and
51 and 52 physical
51 and 53 function

errors in chromosome segregation in oocytes and early embryos lead to embryo aneuploidy , which contributes to early pregnancy loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 errors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 errors 2 in
1 errors 10 lead
2 in 4 segregation
3 chromosome 4 segregation
4 segregation 5 in
5 in 7 and
6 oocytes 7 and
7 and 9 embryos
8 early 9 embryos
10 lead 11 to
11 to 13 aneuploidy
12 embryo 13 aneuploidy
14 , 15 which
14 , 16 contributes
15 which 16 contributes
16 contributes 17 to
17 to 20 loss
18 early 19 pregnancy
19 pregnancy 20 loss

at the heart of chromosome segregation is the spindle , a dynamic biomechanical machine fashioned from microtubules , which is tasked with gathering and sorting chromosomes and [dispatching] them to the daughter cells at the time of cell division . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 at
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 at 3 heart
1 at 7 is
2 the 3 heart
3 heart 4 of
4 of 6 segregation
5 chromosome 6 segregation
7 is 9 spindle
7 is 19 which
7 is 22 with
8 the 9 spindle
9 spindle 14 machine
10 , 14 machine
11 a 14 machine
12 dynamic 14 machine
13 biomechanical 14 machine
14 machine 15 fashioned
14 machine 16 from
14 machine 18 ,
16 from 17 microtubules
19 which 20 is
20 is 21 tasked
22 with 27 and
23 gathering 24 and
24 and 26 chromosomes
24 and 27 and
25 sorting 26 chromosomes
27 and 29 them
27 and 30 to
27 and 37 of
30 to 33 cells
31 the 33 cells
32 daughter 33 cells
33 cells 34 at
34 at 36 time
35 the 36 time
37 of 39 division
38 cell 39 division

understanding the causes of segregation error in the oocyte and early embryo will undoubtedly hinge on a thorough understanding of the mechanism [of] spindle assembly and function in these highly specialized cellular environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 specialized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 understanding 10 and
1 understanding 15 hinge
1 understanding 31 specialized
2 the 3 causes
3 causes 4 of
3 causes 10 and
4 of 6 error
5 segregation 6 error
6 error 7 in
7 in 9 oocyte
8 the 9 oocyte
10 and 12 embryo
10 and 13 will
11 early 12 embryo
13 will 15 hinge
14 undoubtedly 15 hinge
15 hinge 16 on
15 hinge 28 in
15 hinge 30 highly
16 on 26 and
17 a 18 thorough
17 a 19 understanding
18 thorough 19 understanding
19 understanding 20 of
19 understanding 26 and
20 of 25 assembly
21 the 25 assembly
22 mechanism 25 assembly
24 spindle 25 assembly
26 and 27 function
28 in 29 these
31 specialized 33 environments
32 cellular 33 environments

the recent advent of live imaging approaches to observe chromosome segregation in real - time in oocytes and embryos , paired with gene [-] silencing techniques and specific inhibition for assessing the function of a protein of interest , has led to a substantial advance in our understanding of chromosome segregation in early mammalian development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 advent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 the 3 advent
2 recent 3 advent
3 advent 4 of
3 advent 20 ,
4 of 6 imaging
5 live 6 imaging
7 approaches 8 to
7 approaches 16 in
7 approaches 20 ,
8 to 9 observe
9 observe 11 segregation
10 chromosome 11 segregation
11 segregation 12 in
12 in 15 time
13 real 14 -
13 real 15 time
16 in 18 and
17 oocytes 18 and
18 and 19 embryos
20 , 39 ,
20 , 46 in
21 paired 22 with
21 paired 30 for
21 paired 39 ,
22 with 27 and
23 gene 26 techniques
25 silencing 26 techniques
26 techniques 27 and
27 and 29 inhibition
28 specific 29 inhibition
30 for 31 assessing
31 assessing 33 function
32 the 33 function
33 function 34 of
33 function 37 of
34 of 36 protein
35 a 36 protein
37 of 38 interest
39 , 40 has
40 has 41 led
41 led 42 to
42 to 45 advance
43 a 45 advance
44 substantial 45 advance
46 in 48 understanding
47 our 48 understanding
48 understanding 49 of
48 understanding 52 in
49 of 51 segregation
50 chromosome 51 segregation
52 in 55 development
53 early 55 development
54 mammalian 55 development

these studies have uncovered numerous mechanistic differences between oocytes , embryos , and traditional model systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 7 differences
3 have 8 between
4 uncovered 7 differences
5 numerous 7 differences
6 mechanistic 7 differences
8 between 13 and
9 oocytes 10 ,
10 , 11 embryos
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 systems
14 traditional 15 model
15 model 16 systems

in addition , a flurry of recent studies using naturally aged mice as the model for human aging have begun to shed light on the increased levels of aneuploidy seen in embryos from older mothers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 flurry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 shed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 flurry
4 a 5 flurry
5 flurry 6 of
5 flurry 12 mice
5 flurry 21 to
5 flurry 22 shed
6 of 8 studies
7 recent 8 studies
9 using 12 mice
10 naturally 11 aged
11 aged 12 mice
12 mice 13 as
12 mice 19 have
13 as 15 model
14 the 15 model
15 model 16 for
16 for 18 aging
17 human 18 aging
19 have 20 begun
20 begun 21 to
22 shed 23 light
22 shed 24 on
22 shed 31 in
24 on 27 levels
25 the 27 levels
26 increased 27 levels
27 levels 28 of
28 of 29 aneuploidy
29 aneuploidy 30 seen
31 in 32 embryos
32 embryos 33 from
33 from 35 mothers
34 older 35 mothers

here we review these recent developments and consider what has been learned about the causes of chromosome missegregation in early development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 7 and
3 review 6 developments
3 review 7 and
4 these 6 developments
5 recent 6 developments
7 and 8 consider
8 consider 9 what
9 what 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 learned
12 learned 13 about
12 learned 19 in
13 about 15 causes
14 the 15 causes
15 causes 16 of
16 of 18 missegregation
17 chromosome 18 missegregation
19 in 21 development
20 early 21 development

objective : to inform whether the alzheimer 's disease neuroimaging initiative ( adni ) should change its policy of not returning research results to adni participants , we surveyed investigators and research staff about disclosing adni biomarker information to research participants , with particular emphasis on amyloid imaging results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 not
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 inform
4 inform 5 whether
4 inform 10 neuroimaging
5 whether 7 alzheimer
5 whether 8 's
6 the 7 alzheimer
7 alzheimer 8 's
8 's 9 disease
10 neuroimaging 11 initiative
10 neuroimaging 19 of
11 initiative 13 adni
11 initiative 15 should
12 ( 13 adni
13 adni 14 )
15 should 16 change
16 change 18 policy
17 its 18 policy
18 policy 19 of
20 not 28 we
20 not 31 and
21 returning 23 results
21 returning 24 to
21 returning 27 ,
21 returning 28 we
22 research 23 results
24 to 26 participants
25 adni 26 participants
28 we 31 and
29 surveyed 30 investigators
29 surveyed 31 and
31 and 32 research
32 research 33 staff
33 staff 34 about
33 staff 39 to
34 about 35 disclosing
35 disclosing 38 information
36 adni 37 biomarker
37 biomarker 38 information
39 to 41 participants
40 research 41 participants
41 participants 43 with
42 , 43 with
43 with 45 emphasis
43 with 50 .
44 particular 45 emphasis
45 emphasis 46 on
45 emphasis 48 imaging
46 on 47 amyloid
48 imaging 49 results

methods : in april 2012 , just before food and drug administration approval of the amyloid - binding radiotracer , florbetapir , all adni investigators and personnel were recruited to complete an anonymous online survey that contained fixed choice and free - text questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 complete
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 10 and
2 : 19 radiotracer
2 : 20 ,
2 : 29 recruited
3 in 4 april
3 in 6 ,
3 in 10 and
4 april 5 2012
7 just 8 before
7 just 10 and
8 before 9 food
10 and 13 approval
10 and 17 -
10 and 18 binding
10 and 19 radiotracer
11 drug 12 administration
12 administration 13 approval
13 approval 14 of
14 of 16 amyloid
15 the 16 amyloid
20 , 21 florbetapir
20 , 22 ,
22 , 24 adni
23 all 24 adni
25 investigators 26 and
26 and 27 personnel
26 and 28 were
28 were 29 recruited
29 recruited 30 to
30 to 31 complete
31 complete 35 survey
32 an 35 survey
33 anonymous 35 survey
34 online 35 survey
35 survey 36 that
35 survey 37 contained
36 that 37 contained
37 contained 40 and
38 fixed 39 choice
39 choice 40 and
40 and 44 questions
41 free 42 -
41 free 43 text
43 text 44 questions

results : although adni participants often requested amyloid imaging results ( the proportions of investigators [who] reported requests from more than half of their participants with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment were 20 % and 22 % , respectively ) [,] [across] all diagnostic groups , the majority of adni investigators ( approximately 90 % ) did not return amyloid imaging results to adni participants [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 requested
2 : 5 participants
3 although 4 adni
3 although 5 participants
5 participants 7 requested
6 often 7 requested
7 requested 8 amyloid
7 requested 18 requests
8 amyloid 9 imaging
8 amyloid 18 requests
9 imaging 10 results
11 ( 17 reported
12 the 13 proportions
13 proportions 14 of
13 proportions 17 reported
14 of 15 investigators
17 reported 18 requests
18 requests 19 from
18 requests 21 than
18 requests 22 half
18 requests 26 with
19 from 20 more
22 half 23 of
23 of 25 participants
24 their 25 participants
26 with 29 or
26 with 36 and
27 normal 28 cognition
28 cognition 29 or
29 or 30 mild
29 or 32 impairment
29 or 33 were
31 cognitive 32 impairment
32 impairment 33 were
34 20 35 %
34 20 36 and
36 and 37 22
37 22 38 %
38 % 46 groups
39 , 40 respectively
40 respectively 41 )
40 respectively 45 diagnostic
44 all 45 diagnostic
45 diagnostic 46 groups
46 groups 52 investigators
46 groups 58 did
47 , 52 investigators
48 the 49 majority
49 majority 50 of
49 majority 52 investigators
50 of 52 investigators
51 adni 52 investigators
52 investigators 56 %
52 investigators 57 )
53 ( 56 %
54 approximately 55 90
55 90 56 %
56 % 57 )
58 did 59 not
58 did 60 return
60 return 63 results
61 amyloid 63 results
62 imaging 63 results
63 results 64 to
64 to 66 participants
65 adni 66 participants

conclusions : a majority of adni investigators support returning amyloid imaging results to adni participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 investigators
2 : 8 support
2 : 16 .
3 a 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 7 investigators
5 of 7 investigators
6 adni 7 investigators
7 investigators 8 support
8 support 10 amyloid
8 support 13 to
9 returning 10 amyloid
10 amyloid 11 imaging
11 imaging 12 results
13 to 15 participants
14 adni 15 participants

the findings that they want guidance on how to do this and research on the impact of disclosure suggest [how] to develop and monitor a disclosure process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 that
2 findings 19 suggest
3 that 4 they
3 that 12 and
4 they 12 and
5 want 6 guidance
5 want 12 and
6 guidance 7 on
7 on 8 how
8 how 9 to
8 how 10 do
9 to 10 do
10 do 11 this
12 and 13 research
12 and 14 on
14 on 16 impact
15 the 16 impact
16 impact 17 of
17 of 18 disclosure
19 suggest 21 to
19 suggest 27 process
21 to 23 and
22 develop 23 and
23 and 24 monitor
25 a 27 process
26 disclosure 27 process

context : estrogen deficiency , systemic low - grade inflammation , and reduction of adrenal gland function [have] central roles in noncommunicable chronic disease ( ncd ) development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 context 2 :
2 : 28 development
3 estrogen 4 deficiency
4 deficiency 5 ,
5 , 10 inflammation
5 , 12 and
6 systemic 9 grade
7 low 8 -
7 low 9 grade
9 grade 10 inflammation
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 reduction
12 and 14 of
12 and 28 development
14 of 20 roles
15 adrenal 16 gland
16 gland 20 roles
17 function 20 roles
19 central 20 roles
20 roles 21 in
21 in 24 disease
22 noncommunicable 24 disease
23 chronic 24 disease
24 disease 26 ncd
25 ( 26 ncd
26 ncd 27 )

with angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ace ) insertion/deletion ( i/d ) [polymorphism] , the deletion variant [(] [dd] ) is related to higher levels of circulating angiotensin ii than i allele carriers ( ii/id ) , which might interact with all of these molecular pathways to increase ncds risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 insertion/deletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 than
1 with 2 angiotensin
1 with 8 )
1 with 9 insertion/deletion
2 angiotensin 4 converting
3 - 4 converting
4 converting 5 enzyme
4 converting 8 )
5 enzyme 7 ace
6 ( 7 ace
7 ace 8 )
9 insertion/deletion 11 i/d
9 insertion/deletion 17 variant
9 insertion/deletion 21 is
10 ( 11 i/d
11 i/d 12 )
14 , 17 variant
15 the 17 variant
16 deletion 17 variant
17 variant 20 )
21 is 22 related
22 related 23 to
23 to 25 levels
24 higher 25 levels
25 levels 26 of
26 of 27 circulating
27 circulating 28 angiotensin
28 angiotensin 29 ii
30 than 31 i
30 than 32 allele
31 i 32 allele
32 allele 33 carriers
33 carriers 35 ii/id
33 carriers 38 which
34 ( 35 ii/id
35 ii/id 36 )
37 , 38 which
38 which 39 might
38 which 51 .
39 might 40 interact
40 interact 41 with
40 interact 47 to
41 with 42 all
42 all 43 of
43 of 46 pathways
44 these 46 pathways
45 molecular 46 pathways
47 to 48 increase
48 increase 50 risk
49 ncds 50 risk

on the other hand , physical exercise counteracts the occurrence of ncds , potentially acting on the same pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 counteracts
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 7 exercise
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 physical 7 exercise
7 exercise 8 counteracts
8 counteracts 10 occurrence
9 the 10 occurrence
10 occurrence 11 of
11 of 12 ncds
12 ncds 15 acting
13 , 15 acting
14 potentially 15 acting
15 acting 16 on
15 acting 20 .
16 on 19 pathways
17 the 18 same
18 same 19 pathways

objectives : the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of walking training on adrenal steroid [and] cytokine levels and on cardiovascular parameters in postmenopausal women with ace i/d genotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 32 genotypes
2 : 33 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 investigate
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 12 effects
10 investigate 26 in
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
12 effects 22 and
13 of 14 walking
14 walking 15 training
16 on 21 levels
16 on 22 and
17 adrenal 21 levels
18 steroid 20 cytokine
20 cytokine 21 levels
22 and 23 on
23 on 25 parameters
24 cardiovascular 25 parameters
26 in 28 women
27 postmenopausal 28 women
28 women 29 with
28 women 31 i/d
28 women 32 genotypes
29 with 30 ace
31 i/d 32 genotypes

methods [:] thirty - six ( dd = 15 , ii/id = 21 [ )(sedentary postmenopausal women ( mean age , 56 ± 4 [y] [ )(participated in a 13 [-] week program of walking training at moderate [intensity] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 dd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 methods 4 -
1 methods 7 dd
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 six
6 ( 7 dd
7 dd 8 =
8 = 9 15
10 , 11 ii/id
10 , 12 =
10 , 21 ,
11 ii/id 12 =
12 = 17 women
13 21 17 women
15 )(sedentary 17 women
16 postmenopausal 17 women
17 women 20 age
18 ( 20 age
19 mean 20 age
20 age 21 ,
21 , 22 56
21 , 38 moderate
22 56 23 ±
22 56 37 at
22 56 38 moderate
23 ± 24 4
23 ± 27 )(participated
27 )(participated 28 in
28 in 33 program
29 a 33 program
30 13 33 program
32 week 33 program
33 program 34 of
34 of 35 walking
35 walking 36 training
35 walking 37 at

heart rate , blood pressure , double product , tnf - α , dehydroepiandrosterone [sulfate] ( dhea - s ) , and cortisol were evaluated before and after the intervention program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 heart 2 rate
3 , 22 and
3 , 25 evaluated
4 blood 5 pressure
5 pressure 6 ,
6 , 8 product
6 , 9 ,
7 double 8 product
9 , 10 tnf
9 , 22 and
10 tnf 14 dehydroepiandrosterone
11 - 14 dehydroepiandrosterone
12 α 13 ,
12 α 14 dehydroepiandrosterone
14 dehydroepiandrosterone 17 dhea
14 dehydroepiandrosterone 21 ,
16 ( 17 dhea
17 dhea 19 s
17 dhea 21 ,
18 - 19 s
19 s 20 )
22 and 23 cortisol
22 and 24 were
24 were 25 evaluated
25 evaluated 27 and
26 before 27 and
27 and 28 after
28 after 31 program
29 the 31 program
30 intervention 31 program

results : before walking training , the ace dd [genotype] showed significantly higher tnf - α ( p = [.] 007 ) and lower dhea - [s] concentrations ( p = [.] 022 ) than the ace ii/id individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 dd
2 : 11 showed
2 : 40 .
3 before 4 walking
3 before 6 ,
3 before 9 dd
4 walking 5 training
7 the 9 dd
8 ace 9 dd
9 dd 11 showed
11 showed 13 higher
11 showed 23 and
11 showed 25 dhea
11 showed 35 than
12 significantly 13 higher
14 tnf 16 α
14 tnf 23 and
15 - 16 α
16 α 19 =
16 α 22 )
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 21 007
19 = 22 )
23 and 24 lower
25 dhea 28 concentrations
26 - 28 concentrations
28 concentrations 31 =
28 concentrations 34 )
29 ( 31 =
30 p 31 =
31 = 33 022
31 = 34 )
35 than 39 individuals
36 the 39 individuals
37 ace 38 ii/id
38 ii/id 39 individuals

after walking training , both subgroups significantly decreased tnf - α plasma levels and cortisol/dhea - [s] ratio [(] p = . 001 and p = . 016 , respectively ) [and] significantly increased dhea - s levels ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subgroups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 after 2 walking
1 after 4 ,
1 after 6 subgroups
2 walking 3 training
5 both 6 subgroups
6 subgroups 8 decreased
7 significantly 8 decreased
8 decreased 9 tnf
10 - 14 and
10 - 22 .
10 - 36 -
11 α 13 levels
12 plasma 13 levels
13 levels 14 and
14 and 18 ratio
14 and 20 p
14 and 21 =
15 cortisol/dhea 16 -
15 cortisol/dhea 18 ratio
20 p 21 =
22 . 23 001
22 . 24 and
22 . 27 .
24 and 25 p
24 and 26 =
25 p 26 =
27 . 35 dhea
28 016 35 dhea
29 , 30 respectively
30 respectively 31 )
30 respectively 34 increased
33 significantly 34 increased
34 increased 35 dhea
36 - 37 s
36 - 38 levels
36 - 45 .
37 s 38 levels
38 levels 41 <
39 ( 41 <
40 p 41 <
41 < 43 001
41 < 44 )

moreover , all the cardiovascular parameters were significantly reduced in the ace dd participants ( [p] ≤ [.] 05 ) , [whereas] the ace i - allele carriers showed a decrease in heart rate ( [p] ≤ [.] 05 [ )(and the double product ( [p] ≤ [.] 05 ) . 
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 all
3 all 4 the
3 all 6 parameters
3 all 7 were
4 the 6 parameters
5 cardiovascular 6 parameters
7 were 8 significantly
7 were 9 reduced
9 reduced 10 in
10 in 14 participants
11 the 14 participants
12 ace 13 dd
13 dd 14 participants
14 participants 17 ≤
14 participants 26 -
15 ( 17 ≤
17 ≤ 19 05
17 ≤ 20 )
21 , 26 -
23 the 24 ace
24 ace 25 i
24 ace 26 -
26 - 27 allele
27 allele 28 carriers
27 allele 29 showed
28 carriers 29 showed
29 showed 31 decrease
29 showed 32 in
30 a 31 decrease
32 in 34 rate
33 heart 34 rate
34 rate 41 )(and
35 ( 41 )(and
37 ≤ 39 05
37 ≤ 41 )(and
41 )(and 44 product
41 )(and 47 ≤
41 )(and 51 .
42 the 44 product
43 double 44 product
45 ( 47 ≤
47 ≤ 49 05
47 ≤ 50 )

conclusion : ace i/d [polymorphism] is linked to different adrenal steroid [and] cytokine levels , and ace i - allele carriers show a better adrenal activity and systemic inflammatory profile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 i/d
2 : 7 linked
2 : 19 -
3 ace 4 i/d
4 i/d 6 is
6 is 7 linked
7 linked 8 to
8 to 16 and
9 different 11 steroid
10 adrenal 11 steroid
11 steroid 14 levels
13 cytokine 14 levels
14 levels 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 ace
16 and 19 -
17 ace 18 i
19 - 21 carriers
19 - 22 show
19 - 31 .
20 allele 21 carriers
21 carriers 22 show
22 show 26 activity
22 show 27 and
23 a 26 activity
24 better 26 activity
25 adrenal 26 activity
27 and 30 profile
28 systemic 30 profile
29 inflammatory 30 profile

the introduction of walking training positively influences the menopause immune - neuroendocrine changes , independent of ace i/d [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 influences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 introduction
2 introduction 3 of
2 introduction 7 influences
3 of 4 walking
4 walking 5 training
6 positively 7 influences
7 influences 15 independent
8 the 15 independent
9 menopause 15 independent
10 immune 13 changes
10 immune 14 ,
10 immune 15 independent
11 - 13 changes
12 neuroendocrine 13 changes
13 changes 14 ,
15 independent 16 of
16 of 18 i/d
17 ace 18 i/d

none none none background : the relationship between aging and increased life expectancy in the overall population likely contributes to a higher frequency rate and incidence of illnesses and functional disabilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 none 4 background
1 none 8 between
1 none 9 aging
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 background
4 background 5 :
5 : 7 relationship
5 : 8 between
6 the 7 relationship
10 and 13 expectancy
10 and 19 contributes
11 increased 12 life
12 life 13 expectancy
13 expectancy 14 in
13 expectancy 19 contributes
14 in 17 population
15 the 17 population
16 overall 17 population
18 likely 19 contributes
19 contributes 20 to
20 to 25 and
21 a 24 rate
22 higher 23 frequency
23 frequency 24 rate
24 rate 25 and
25 and 26 incidence
25 and 27 of
27 of 29 and
28 illnesses 29 and
29 and 31 disabilities
30 functional 31 disabilities

physical dependence and cognitive impairment might hinder the performance of activities and result in [an] overload of care duties for the patient 's family and the healthcare system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 physical 3 and
1 physical 16 overload
1 physical 17 of
1 physical 23 's
2 dependence 3 and
3 and 4 cognitive
3 and 5 impairment
3 and 14 in
3 and 16 overload
5 impairment 6 might
6 might 7 hinder
7 hinder 9 performance
7 hinder 14 in
8 the 9 performance
9 performance 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 activities 12 and
12 and 13 result
17 of 19 duties
18 care 19 duties
19 duties 20 for
20 for 22 patient
21 the 22 patient
23 's 25 and
24 family 25 and
25 and 28 system
26 the 28 system
27 healthcare 28 system

objective : the aim of this study was to compare the functional and cognitive changes exhibited by the elderly over a 6 [-] month period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 16 exhibited
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 16 exhibited
9 to 10 compare
10 compare 13 and
11 the 12 functional
12 functional 13 and
13 and 15 changes
14 cognitive 15 changes
16 exhibited 17 by
16 exhibited 20 over
17 by 19 elderly
18 the 19 elderly
20 over 25 period
21 a 25 period
22 6 24 month
24 month 25 period

method : this longitudinal and observational study was conducted in a sample of 167 elderly people , who were selected from the database of the network of studies on frailty in brazilian elderly , universidade federal de minas gerais - ufmg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 study
2 : 9 conducted
2 : 17 ,
3 this 7 study
4 longitudinal 5 and
5 and 6 observational
5 and 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 in
10 in 12 sample
11 a 12 sample
12 sample 13 of
13 of 16 people
14 167 16 people
15 elderly 16 people
17 , 18 who
17 , 20 selected
18 who 19 were
19 were 20 selected
20 selected 21 from
20 selected 29 on
21 from 23 database
22 the 23 database
23 database 24 of
23 database 27 of
24 of 26 network
25 the 26 network
27 of 28 studies
29 on 41 ufmg
30 frailty 31 in
30 frailty 41 ufmg
31 in 33 elderly
32 brazilian 33 elderly
33 elderly 39 gerais
34 , 39 gerais
35 universidade 36 federal
36 federal 37 de
37 de 38 minas
38 minas 39 gerais
39 gerais 40 -
40 - 41 ufmg
41 ufmg 42 .

the participants submitted to the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , katz index , lawton and brody 's scale and responded to items on advanced activities of daily living ( aadls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 participants
2 participants 22 and
3 submitted 4 to
3 submitted 22 and
4 to 18 and
5 the 11 mmse
6 mini 7 mental
7 mental 8 state
8 state 9 examination
9 examination 11 mmse
10 ( 11 mmse
11 mmse 12 )
11 mmse 13 ,
13 , 15 index
13 , 16 ,
14 katz 15 index
16 , 17 lawton
16 , 18 and
18 and 21 scale
19 brody 20 's
20 's 21 scale
22 and 23 responded
22 and 24 to
22 and 26 on
24 to 25 items
26 on 28 activities
27 advanced 28 activities
28 activities 29 of
29 of 31 living
30 daily 31 living
31 living 33 aadls
32 ( 33 aadls
33 aadls 34 )

we analyzed the data using multivariate regression models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 4 data
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 using
5 using 8 models
6 multivariate 8 models
7 regression 8 models

results : the participants ' functional capacity exhibited reduced performance of specific instrumental activities of daily living ( iadls ) , p=0.002 , and basic activities of daily living ( badls ) , p=0.038 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 p=0.038
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 10 performance
3 the 4 participants
4 participants 5 '
5 ' 10 performance
6 functional 7 capacity
7 capacity 8 exhibited
8 exhibited 10 performance
9 reduced 10 performance
10 performance 11 of
10 performance 15 of
11 of 14 activities
12 specific 14 activities
13 instrumental 14 activities
15 of 17 living
16 daily 17 living
17 living 19 iadls
17 living 24 and
18 ( 19 iadls
19 iadls 20 )
21 , 24 and
22 p=0.002 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 activities
24 and 31 badls
24 and 33 ,
25 basic 26 activities
26 activities 27 of
27 of 29 living
28 daily 29 living
30 ( 31 badls
31 badls 32 )
33 , 34 p=0.038

living [alone] ( odds [ratio] ( or ) , 2.53 [;] 95 % confidence [interval] ( ci ) , 1.09 - 5.87 ) and work status ( or , 2.52 ; 95 % ci , 1.18 - 5.41 ) were associated with changes in the iadls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 living 4 odds
1 living 24 and
3 ( 4 odds
4 odds 7 or
4 odds 14 confidence
4 odds 23 )
6 ( 7 or
7 or 8 )
9 , 14 confidence
10 2.53 14 confidence
12 95 13 %
13 % 14 confidence
14 confidence 17 ci
14 confidence 21 -
14 confidence 23 )
16 ( 17 ci
17 ci 18 )
19 , 21 -
20 1.09 21 -
21 - 22 5.87
21 - 23 )
24 and 26 status
24 and 28 or
25 work 26 status
27 ( 28 or
28 or 30 2.52
28 or 31 ;
29 , 30 2.52
30 2.52 31 ;
31 ; 34 ci
31 ; 35 ,
32 95 34 ci
33 % 34 ci
35 , 36 1.18
35 , 41 associated
36 1.18 38 5.41
36 1.18 40 were
37 - 38 5.41
38 5.41 39 )
40 were 41 associated
41 associated 42 with
41 associated 44 in
42 with 43 changes
44 in 46 iadls
45 the 46 iadls

the scores in the aadl scale ( p=0.163 ) and mmse ( p=0.059 ) did not exhibit any significant difference during the study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 scores
2 scores 3 in
2 scores 10 and
3 in 6 scale
4 the 6 scale
5 aadl 6 scale
6 scale 8 p=0.163
7 ( 8 p=0.163
8 p=0.163 9 )
10 and 11 mmse
10 and 15 did
11 mmse 13 p=0.059
12 ( 13 p=0.059
13 p=0.059 14 )
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 exhibit
17 exhibit 20 difference
17 exhibit 21 during
18 any 20 difference
19 significant 20 difference
21 during 24 period
22 the 24 period
23 study 24 period

the participants [with] better cognitive function were more independent in their performance of aadls and iadls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 6 function
2 participants 6 function
4 better 6 function
5 cognitive 6 function
6 function 7 were
7 were 9 independent
8 more 9 independent
9 independent 10 in
10 in 12 performance
11 their 12 performance
12 performance 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 aadls 15 and
15 and 16 iadls

conclusion : the results depict specific patterns of loss and stability of functional capacity in community [-] dwelling [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 depict
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 depict
5 depict 10 and
5 depict 15 in
6 specific 7 patterns
7 patterns 8 of
7 patterns 10 and
8 of 9 loss
10 and 11 stability
10 and 12 of
12 of 14 capacity
13 functional 14 capacity
15 in 18 dwelling
16 community 18 dwelling

background : changes arising from the aging process , particularly changes in body composition , contribute to the functional decline of the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 changes
3 changes 4 arising
4 arising 5 from
5 from 8 process
6 the 8 process
7 aging 8 process
9 , 15 ,
10 particularly 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 15 ,
12 in 14 composition
13 body 14 composition
15 , 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 to
17 to 20 decline
18 the 20 decline
19 functional 20 decline
20 decline 21 of
21 of 23 elderly
22 the 23 elderly

objective : to compare the body composition and muscle strength , mobility and quality in active elderly women according to the distance walked during the 6 [-] minute walk test ( 6 [mw] t ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 8 and
3 to 8 and
4 compare 7 composition
4 compare 8 and
5 the 7 composition
6 body 7 composition
8 and 9 muscle
9 muscle 13 and
9 muscle 15 in
9 muscle 20 to
9 muscle 24 during
10 strength 11 ,
11 , 12 mobility
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 quality
15 in 18 women
16 active 18 women
17 elderly 18 women
19 according 20 to
20 to 22 distance
21 the 22 distance
22 distance 23 walked
24 during 30 test
25 the 30 test
26 6 29 walk
28 minute 29 walk
29 walk 30 test
30 test 34 t
31 ( 34 t
32 6 34 t
34 t 35 )

method : the study included 77 active elderly women aged 65 to 80 years , who were divided into tertiles [(] a , [b] and [c] ) according to the distance covered in the 6 mw [t] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 25 and
2 : 38 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 9 women
5 included 12 to
6 77 9 women
7 active 9 women
8 elderly 9 women
9 women 10 aged
10 aged 11 65
12 to 14 years
13 80 14 years
14 years 16 who
15 , 16 who
16 who 17 were
16 who 23 ,
17 were 18 divided
18 divided 19 into
19 into 20 tertiles
20 tertiles 22 a
23 , 25 and
25 and 27 )
25 and 28 according
25 and 32 covered
28 according 29 to
28 according 32 covered
29 to 31 distance
30 the 31 distance
32 covered 33 in
32 covered 36 mw
34 the 36 mw
35 6 36 mw

we performed anthropometric and clinical evaluations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 6 evaluations
3 anthropometric 4 and
4 and 5 clinical
4 and 6 evaluations

body composition was determined by dual energy x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 composition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 body 2 composition
2 composition 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
5 by 7 energy
6 dual 7 energy
7 energy 8 x
8 x 9 -
9 - 10 ray
10 ray 11 absorptiometry
11 absorptiometry 13 dxa
12 ( 13 dxa
13 dxa 14 )

handgrip strength ( hgs ) was measured with a portable dynamometer ( saehan ) , and knee extension strength ( kes ) was measured with the one repetition maximum test ( 1 - rm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 handgrip 2 strength
2 strength 4 hgs
2 strength 6 was
3 ( 4 hgs
4 hgs 5 )
6 was 7 measured
7 measured 8 with
8 with 11 dynamometer
9 a 10 portable
9 a 11 dynamometer
10 portable 11 dynamometer
11 dynamometer 13 saehan
12 ( 13 saehan
13 saehan 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 strength
16 and 23 was
17 knee 18 extension
18 extension 19 strength
19 strength 21 kes
19 strength 23 was
20 ( 21 kes
21 kes 22 )
23 was 24 measured
24 measured 25 with
24 measured 33 -
25 with 30 test
26 the 27 one
27 one 30 test
28 repetition 30 test
29 maximum 30 test
31 ( 33 -
32 1 33 -
33 - 34 rm
33 - 35 )

functional mobility was assessed by the timed up and go ( tug ) test , and body balance was assessed by the berg balance scale ( bbs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mobility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 functional 2 mobility
2 mobility 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 by
5 by 9 and
6 the 8 up
7 timed 8 up
8 up 9 and
9 and 14 test
9 and 15 ,
10 go 12 tug
11 ( 12 tug
12 tug 13 )
12 tug 14 test
16 and 18 balance
16 and 20 assessed
17 body 18 balance
18 balance 19 was
19 was 20 assessed
20 assessed 21 by
21 by 27 bbs
22 the 27 bbs
23 berg 24 balance
24 balance 25 scale
25 scale 27 bbs
26 ( 27 bbs
27 bbs 28 )

muscle quality was defined by the ratio between muscle strength ( kgf ) and muscle mass [(] [kg] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 muscle 2 quality
2 quality 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 by
5 by 14 and
6 the 7 ratio
7 ratio 8 between
7 ratio 14 and
8 between 10 strength
9 muscle 10 strength
10 strength 12 kgf
11 ( 12 kgf
12 kgf 13 )
14 and 16 mass
14 and 19 )
15 muscle 16 mass

there was no significant difference between muscle [mass] ( p=0.25 ) and lean mass ( p=0.26 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 12 and
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 between
5 difference 12 and
6 between 7 muscle
7 muscle 10 p=0.25
9 ( 10 p=0.25
10 p=0.25 11 )
12 and 14 mass
12 and 16 p=0.26
13 lean 14 mass
15 ( 16 p=0.26
16 p=0.26 17 )

conclusion : body fat has a negative influence on functional performance , even among active elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 fat
2 : 5 has
2 : 12 ,
3 body 4 fat
4 fat 5 has
5 has 8 influence
5 has 9 on
6 a 8 influence
7 negative 8 influence
9 on 11 performance
10 functional 11 performance
12 , 13 even
13 even 14 among
14 among 17 women
15 active 17 women
16 elderly 17 women

objectives : the aim of this study was to evaluate whether spinal canal depth ( scd ) , measured using ultrasound , could be estimated from simple body measurements in a sample of children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
2 : 35 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 11 whether
11 whether 14 depth
11 whether 25 estimated
12 spinal 13 canal
13 canal 14 depth
14 depth 16 scd
14 depth 19 measured
14 depth 23 could
15 ( 16 scd
16 scd 17 )
18 , 19 measured
19 measured 20 using
19 measured 22 ,
20 using 21 ultrasound
23 could 24 be
24 be 25 estimated
25 estimated 26 from
25 estimated 30 in
26 from 29 measurements
27 simple 28 body
28 body 29 measurements
30 in 32 sample
31 a 32 sample
32 sample 33 of
33 of 34 children

methods : we measured scd in a group of 225 children aged 0 - 18 years in the curved left lateral position using ultrasound . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 16 years
3 we 4 measured
4 measured 5 scd
5 scd 6 in
5 scd 9 of
5 scd 12 aged
6 in 8 group
7 a 8 group
9 of 11 children
10 225 11 children
12 aged 14 -
13 0 14 -
14 - 15 18
15 18 16 years
16 years 17 in
17 in 22 position
18 the 22 position
19 curved 22 position
20 left 22 position
21 lateral 22 position
22 position 23 using
23 using 24 ultrasound

statistical analysis was performed using pearson 's correlation coefficient at the 5 % level of significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 statistical 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 using
5 using 9 coefficient
5 using 10 at
6 pearson 7 's
7 's 9 coefficient
8 correlation 9 coefficient
10 at 14 level
11 the 14 level
12 5 13 %
13 % 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 16 significance

we also performed linear regression analyses ( analysis of variance ) for mid - spinal canal depth ( mscd ) , including five potential predictors of age , gender , height , weight and body surface area , in each model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
1 we 3 performed
2 also 3 performed
3 performed 6 analyses
3 performed 12 for
3 performed 22 including
4 linear 5 regression
5 regression 6 analyses
6 analyses 8 analysis
7 ( 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 of
8 analysis 11 )
9 of 10 variance
12 for 17 depth
13 mid 14 -
13 mid 16 canal
15 spinal 16 canal
16 canal 17 depth
17 depth 19 mscd
18 ( 19 mscd
19 mscd 20 )
21 , 22 including
22 including 25 predictors
22 including 39 in
22 including 42 .
23 five 25 predictors
24 potential 25 predictors
25 predictors 26 of
26 of 34 and
27 age 28 ,
28 , 29 gender
28 , 30 ,
30 , 31 height
30 , 32 ,
32 , 33 weight
32 , 34 and
34 and 37 area
35 body 37 area
36 surface 37 area
38 , 39 in
39 in 41 model
39 in 42 .
40 each 41 model

results : the mean mscd was 33.0 mm ( 18.1 - 56.4 ) across the whole cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 mscd
2 : 6 was
2 : 18 .
3 the 4 mean
4 mean 5 mscd
5 mscd 6 was
6 was 8 mm
6 was 11 -
6 was 14 across
7 33.0 8 mm
9 ( 11 -
10 18.1 11 -
11 - 12 56.4
11 - 13 )
14 across 17 cohort
15 the 17 cohort
16 whole 17 cohort

the best linear correlation of mscd [(] [mm] [ )(was found with weight ( w [;] [kg] ) , approximating the formula mscd=0.4w+20 [(] r ( 2 )=0.72 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 best
1 the 4 correlation
3 linear 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 of
4 correlation 10 )(was
5 of 6 mscd
10 )(was 11 found
11 found 12 with
12 with 13 weight
13 weight 15 w
13 weight 20 approximating
14 ( 15 w
15 w 18 )
19 , 20 approximating
20 approximating 23 mscd=0.4w+20
20 approximating 29 )
21 the 22 formula
22 formula 23 mscd=0.4w+20
23 mscd=0.4w+20 25 r
23 mscd=0.4w+20 28 )=0.72
26 ( 28 )=0.72
27 2 28 )=0.72
28 )=0.72 29 )

body weight accounted for 85 % of the variance in the data [(] adjusted [r] ( 2 )=0.72 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 weight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accounted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 body 2 weight
2 weight 3 accounted
3 accounted 4 for
3 accounted 10 in
4 for 6 %
5 85 6 %
6 % 7 of
7 of 9 variance
8 the 9 variance
10 in 12 data
11 the 12 data
12 data 14 adjusted
12 data 18 )=0.72
16 ( 18 )=0.72
17 2 18 )=0.72
18 )=0.72 19 )

our formula gives values outside of the actual measured scd range in 23/225 ( 10.2 % ) of cases and estimates mscd at 24 mm at 10 kg , 32 mm at 30 kg and 40 mm at 50 kg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 formula
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 our 2 formula
2 formula 3 gives
3 gives 4 values
3 gives 31 mm
3 gives 32 at
3 gives 38 at
4 values 5 outside
4 values 6 of
6 of 11 range
7 the 11 range
8 actual 11 range
9 measured 11 range
10 scd 11 range
11 range 12 in
11 range 18 of
12 in 13 23/225
13 23/225 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 10.2 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 of 20 and
19 cases 20 and
20 and 22 mscd
20 and 29 ,
21 estimates 22 mscd
22 mscd 23 at
23 at 25 mm
24 24 25 mm
25 mm 26 at
26 at 28 kg
27 10 28 kg
30 32 31 mm
32 at 35 and
33 30 34 kg
34 kg 35 and
35 and 37 mm
36 40 37 mm
38 at 40 kg
39 50 40 kg

conclusions : we demonstrate a good correlation between weight and mscd in a large group of children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 demonstrate
2 : 18 .
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 7 correlation
4 demonstrate 8 between
4 demonstrate 12 in
5 a 6 good
5 a 7 correlation
6 good 7 correlation
8 between 10 and
9 weight 10 and
10 and 11 mscd
12 in 17 children
13 a 15 group
14 large 15 group
15 group 16 of
15 group 17 children
16 of 17 children

use of the simple formula mscd ( [mm] )=0.4 w+20 could improve the success rates of lumbar [puncture] in the paediatric population , [but] remains to be validated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 use 2 of
1 use 25 remains
2 of 6 mscd
3 the 6 mscd
4 simple 6 mscd
5 formula 6 mscd
6 mscd 9 )=0.4
7 ( 9 )=0.4
9 )=0.4 10 w+20
9 )=0.4 16 of
9 )=0.4 17 lumbar
9 )=0.4 23 ,
10 w+20 11 could
11 could 12 improve
12 improve 15 rates
13 the 15 rates
14 success 15 rates
15 rates 16 of
17 lumbar 19 in
19 in 22 population
20 the 22 population
21 paediatric 22 population
25 remains 26 to
26 to 27 be
27 be 28 validated

oxidative stress is both the cause and consequence of impaired functional homeostasis characterizing human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 is
3 is 15 aging
4 both 7 and
5 the 6 cause
6 cause 7 and
7 and 8 consequence
7 and 9 of
7 and 15 aging
9 of 12 homeostasis
10 impaired 12 homeostasis
11 functional 12 homeostasis
13 characterizing 15 aging
14 human 15 aging

the worsening efficiency of stress response [with] age represents a health risk and leads to the onset and accrual of major age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 efficiency
2 worsening 3 efficiency
3 efficiency 4 of
3 efficiency 13 and
4 of 8 age
5 stress 6 response
6 response 8 age
9 represents 12 risk
9 represents 13 and
10 a 12 risk
11 health 12 risk
13 and 14 leads
13 and 15 to
15 to 18 and
16 the 17 onset
17 onset 18 and
18 and 19 accrual
18 and 20 of
20 of 22 age
21 major 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 25 diseases

in contrast , centenarians seem to have evolved conservative stress response mechanisms , probably derived from a combination of a diet rich in natural antioxidants , an active lifestyle and a favorable genetic background , particularly rich in genetic variants able to counteract the stress overload at the level of both nuclear and mitochondrial dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 centenarians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 centenarians
4 centenarians 5 seem
5 seem 6 to
5 seem 7 have
6 to 7 have
7 have 12 mechanisms
8 evolved 12 mechanisms
9 conservative 10 stress
10 stress 12 mechanisms
11 response 12 mechanisms
13 , 30 and
13 , 46 overload
14 probably 15 derived
15 derived 16 from
15 derived 26 ,
15 derived 30 and
16 from 18 combination
17 a 18 combination
18 combination 19 of
19 of 21 diet
20 a 21 diet
21 diet 22 rich
22 rich 23 in
23 in 25 antioxidants
24 natural 25 antioxidants
27 an 28 active
27 an 29 lifestyle
28 active 29 lifestyle
29 lifestyle 30 and
30 and 34 background
30 and 35 ,
30 and 37 rich
30 and 46 overload
31 a 34 background
32 favorable 34 background
33 genetic 34 background
36 particularly 37 rich
37 rich 38 in
38 in 40 variants
39 genetic 40 variants
40 variants 41 able
41 able 42 to
41 able 43 counteract
42 to 43 counteract
43 counteract 45 stress
44 the 45 stress
46 overload 47 at
46 overload 53 and
46 overload 55 dna
47 at 49 level
48 the 49 level
49 level 50 of
50 of 51 both
52 nuclear 53 and
53 and 54 mitochondrial

the integration of these factors could allow centenarians to maintain moderate levels of free radicals that exert beneficial signaling and modulator effects on cellular metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 integration
2 integration 3 of
2 integration 6 could
3 of 5 factors
4 these 5 factors
6 could 7 allow
7 allow 8 centenarians
7 allow 9 to
7 allow 10 maintain
9 to 10 maintain
10 maintain 12 levels
11 moderate 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
13 of 15 radicals
14 free 15 radicals
15 radicals 16 that
15 radicals 17 exert
16 that 17 exert
17 exert 20 and
17 exert 23 on
18 beneficial 19 signaling
18 beneficial 20 and
20 and 22 effects
21 modulator 22 effects
23 on 25 metabolism
24 cellular 25 metabolism

considering the hot debate on the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in promoting healthy aging , in this review we gathered the existing information regarding genetic variability and lifestyle factors which potentially modulate the stress response at old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 gathered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 considering 4 debate
1 considering 11 in
1 considering 15 ,
1 considering 19 we
2 the 4 debate
3 hot 4 debate
4 debate 5 on
4 debate 8 of
5 on 7 efficacy
6 the 7 efficacy
8 of 10 supplementation
9 antioxidant 10 supplementation
11 in 12 promoting
12 promoting 14 aging
13 healthy 14 aging
16 in 18 review
16 in 19 we
17 this 18 review
19 we 20 gathered
20 gathered 27 and
20 gathered 36 at
21 the 27 and
22 existing 23 information
23 information 24 regarding
23 information 27 and
24 regarding 26 variability
25 genetic 26 variability
27 and 29 factors
27 and 30 which
27 and 32 modulate
28 lifestyle 29 factors
30 which 32 modulate
31 potentially 32 modulate
32 modulate 35 response
33 the 35 response
34 stress 35 response
36 at 38 age
37 old 38 age

evidence reported here suggests that the integration of lifestyle factors ( moderate physical activity and healthy nutrition ) and genetic background could shift the balance in favor of the antioxidant cellular machinery by activating appropriate defense mechanisms in response to exceeding external and internal stress levels , [and] thus possibly achieving the prospect of living a longer life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 evidence 2 reported
1 evidence 3 here
1 evidence 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 that
5 that 19 and
5 that 23 shift
6 the 7 integration
7 integration 8 of
7 integration 19 and
8 of 10 factors
9 lifestyle 10 factors
10 factors 15 and
11 ( 15 and
12 moderate 14 activity
13 physical 14 activity
14 activity 15 and
15 and 17 nutrition
15 and 18 )
16 healthy 17 nutrition
19 and 21 background
19 and 22 could
20 genetic 21 background
22 could 23 shift
23 shift 25 balance
23 shift 39 response
23 shift 40 to
24 the 25 balance
25 balance 26 in
25 balance 28 of
26 in 27 favor
28 of 32 machinery
29 the 32 machinery
30 antioxidant 32 machinery
31 cellular 32 machinery
32 machinery 33 by
33 by 34 activating
34 activating 37 mechanisms
35 appropriate 37 mechanisms
36 defense 37 mechanisms
38 in 39 response
40 to 41 exceeding
41 exceeding 43 and
42 external 43 and
43 and 46 levels
43 and 47 ,
43 and 51 achieving
43 and 54 of
44 internal 46 levels
45 stress 46 levels
49 thus 51 achieving
50 possibly 51 achieving
51 achieving 53 prospect
52 the 53 prospect
54 of 55 living
55 living 58 life
56 a 58 life
57 longer 58 life

objective : in this study , we examined whether coronary spastic angina ( csa ) is associated with insulin resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 examined
7 we 8 examined
8 examined 9 whether
9 whether 12 angina
9 whether 17 associated
10 coronary 12 angina
11 spastic 12 angina
12 angina 14 csa
12 angina 16 is
13 ( 14 csa
14 csa 15 )
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 resistance
19 insulin 20 resistance

background : there is increasing evidence that insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
4 is 12 with
5 increasing 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 9 resistance
7 that 10 is
8 insulin 9 resistance
9 resistance 10 is
10 is 11 associated
12 with 14 dysfunction
13 endothelial 14 dysfunction

patients with csa show endothelial dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 4 show
2 with 3 csa
4 show 6 dysfunction
5 endothelial 6 dysfunction

methods : the study participants include 111 csa patients ( 81 men and 30 women , mean age 62±12 years ) and 53 participants without csa ( 24 men and 29 women , mean age 63±10 years ) , serving as the controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 participants
4 study 6 include
5 participants 6 include
6 include 9 patients
7 111 9 patients
8 csa 9 patients
9 patients 22 and
10 ( 22 and
11 81 12 men
12 men 13 and
13 and 15 women
13 and 20 years
13 and 22 and
14 30 15 women
16 , 20 years
17 mean 18 age
18 age 20 years
19 62±12 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 and 24 participants
22 and 25 without
22 and 44 .
23 53 24 participants
25 without 26 csa
26 csa 30 and
27 ( 30 and
28 24 29 men
29 men 30 and
30 and 32 women
30 and 37 years
30 and 40 serving
30 and 44 .
31 29 32 women
33 , 37 years
34 mean 35 age
35 age 36 63±10
36 63±10 37 years
37 years 38 )
39 , 40 serving
40 serving 41 as
40 serving 44 .
41 as 43 controls
42 the 43 controls

the oral glucose tolerance test was performed , and anthropometric parameters , plasma glucose and insulin levels , lipid profiles , and other laboratory parameters were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 5 test
2 oral 4 tolerance
3 glucose 4 tolerance
4 tolerance 5 test
5 test 6 was
6 was 7 performed
8 , 9 and
9 and 22 and
9 and 27 evaluated
10 anthropometric 11 parameters
11 parameters 12 ,
12 , 14 glucose
12 , 15 and
13 plasma 14 glucose
15 and 17 levels
15 and 20 profiles
15 and 22 and
16 insulin 17 levels
18 , 20 profiles
19 lipid 20 profiles
20 profiles 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 parameters
22 and 26 were
23 other 25 parameters
24 laboratory 25 parameters
26 were 27 evaluated

results : homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( homa - ir ) , log homa - ir , the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index , the insulin sensitivity index , and insulin resistance 60 - 120 min after glucose load ( log post - glucose - ir ) were calculated as surrogate markers of insulin resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 calculated
1 results 2 :
2 : 32 and
3 homeostasis 5 assessment
4 model 5 assessment
5 assessment 6 of
5 assessment 32 and
6 of 8 resistance
7 insulin 8 resistance
8 resistance 10 homa
8 resistance 16 homa
9 ( 10 homa
10 homa 12 ir
10 homa 13 )
11 - 12 ir
12 ir 13 )
14 , 16 homa
15 log 16 homa
16 homa 18 ir
16 homa 25 index
16 homa 31 ,
17 - 18 ir
18 ir 19 ,
19 , 25 index
20 the 25 index
21 quantitative 25 index
22 insulin 23 sensitivity
23 sensitivity 25 index
24 check 25 index
25 index 30 index
25 index 31 ,
26 , 30 index
27 the 30 index
28 insulin 29 sensitivity
29 sensitivity 30 index
30 index 31 ,
32 and 33 insulin
34 resistance 35 60
34 resistance 50 were
34 resistance 51 calculated
35 60 37 120
35 60 41 load
35 60 44 post
35 60 46 glucose
35 60 50 were
36 - 37 120
37 120 38 min
37 120 41 load
38 min 39 after
39 after 40 glucose
42 ( 44 post
43 log 44 post
44 post 45 -
45 - 46 glucose
46 glucose 48 ir
46 glucose 49 )
47 - 48 ir
48 ir 49 )
51 calculated 52 as
51 calculated 58 .
52 as 54 markers
53 surrogate 54 markers
54 markers 55 of
55 of 57 resistance
56 insulin 57 resistance

the number of men , the number of smokers , log post - glucose - ir , the insulin sensitivity index , and fasting plasma glucose levels were higher in csa patients compared with controls ( p=0.001 , 0.001 , 0.004 , 0.012 [,] and 0.013 , respectively ) , whereas plasma high - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower [(] p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 log
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 9 smokers
2 number 11 log
3 of 4 men
5 , 9 smokers
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 smokers
8 of 9 smokers
9 smokers 10 ,
11 log 12 post
13 - 14 glucose
14 glucose 23 and
15 - 23 and
16 ir 17 ,
17 , 21 index
17 , 23 and
18 the 21 index
19 insulin 20 sensitivity
20 sensitivity 21 index
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 plasma
23 and 27 levels
23 and 28 were
23 and 33 compared
23 and 63 )
24 fasting 25 plasma
26 glucose 27 levels
27 levels 28 were
28 were 29 higher
28 were 30 in
30 in 32 patients
31 csa 32 patients
33 compared 34 with
33 compared 48 respectively
33 compared 51 whereas
34 with 35 controls
35 controls 37 p=0.001
36 ( 37 p=0.001
37 p=0.001 39 0.001
37 p=0.001 47 ,
38 , 39 0.001
39 0.001 41 0.004
39 0.001 47 ,
40 , 41 0.004
41 0.004 45 and
41 0.004 47 ,
42 , 45 and
43 0.012 45 and
45 and 46 0.013
45 and 47 ,
47 , 48 respectively
48 respectively 49 )
50 , 51 whereas
51 whereas 58 levels
51 whereas 59 were
51 whereas 63 )
52 plasma 56 lipoprotein
53 high 54 -
53 high 55 density
55 density 56 lipoprotein
56 lipoprotein 58 levels
57 cholesterol 58 levels
58 levels 59 were
59 were 62 p<0.001
60 lower 62 p<0.001

conclusion : insulin resistance on glucose load [(] log post - glucose - ir ) , plasma high - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels , and smoking were significantly associated with csa ( r=0.225 , p=0.004 ; r= - 0.313 , p<0.001 [;] and r=0.258 , p=0.001 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 r=
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 25 and
2 : 29 associated
2 : 36 ;
3 insulin 25 and
4 resistance 5 on
4 resistance 25 and
5 on 10 post
6 glucose 10 post
7 load 10 post
9 log 10 post
10 post 12 glucose
11 - 12 glucose
12 glucose 14 ir
12 glucose 23 levels
12 glucose 24 ,
13 - 14 ir
14 ir 15 )
16 , 23 levels
17 plasma 21 lipoprotein
18 high 19 -
18 high 20 density
20 density 21 lipoprotein
21 lipoprotein 23 levels
22 cholesterol 23 levels
23 levels 24 ,
25 and 26 smoking
25 and 27 were
27 were 29 associated
28 significantly 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 31 csa
31 csa 33 r=0.225
32 ( 33 r=0.225
33 r=0.225 35 p=0.004
33 r=0.225 36 ;
34 , 35 p=0.004
35 p=0.004 36 ;
36 ; 37 r=
37 r= 39 0.313
37 r= 48 respectively
38 - 39 0.313
39 0.313 43 and
40 , 43 and
41 p<0.001 43 and
43 and 44 r=0.258
43 and 46 p=0.001
43 and 47 ,
45 , 46 p=0.001
46 p=0.001 47 ,
47 , 48 respectively
48 respectively 49 )

to identify pathologic characteristics that are associated [with] [outcome] , we performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical , radiologic , and pathologic features of 44 children [with] isolated focal cortical dysplasia ( fcd ) after epilepsy surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 to 2 identify
1 to 10 ,
1 to 11 we
2 identify 4 characteristics
3 pathologic 4 characteristics
4 characteristics 5 that
4 characteristics 6 are
5 that 6 are
6 are 7 associated
11 we 12 performed
12 performed 15 analysis
12 performed 36 after
13 a 14 retrospective
13 a 15 analysis
14 retrospective 15 analysis
15 analysis 16 of
16 of 32 dysplasia
17 the 32 dysplasia
18 clinical 19 ,
19 , 20 radiologic
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 features
22 and 29 isolated
23 pathologic 24 features
24 features 25 of
25 of 27 children
26 44 27 children
29 isolated 32 dysplasia
30 focal 32 dysplasia
31 cortical 32 dysplasia
32 dysplasia 34 fcd
33 ( 34 fcd
34 fcd 35 )
36 after 38 surgery
37 epilepsy 38 surgery

based on the international league against epilepsy classification , 16 patients had fcd type i and 28 subjects had fcd type ii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 9 ,
1 based 11 patients
2 on 8 classification
3 the 8 classification
4 international 5 league
5 league 6 against
6 against 7 epilepsy
7 epilepsy 8 classification
10 16 11 patients
11 patients 12 had
12 had 14 type
13 fcd 14 type
14 type 15 i
16 and 18 subjects
16 and 19 had
17 28 18 subjects
18 subjects 19 had
19 had 21 type
20 fcd 21 type
21 type 22 ii

a significantly higher percentage of subjects with fcd type iib versus types i and iia were seizure - free after surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
1 a 4 percentage
2 significantly 3 higher
3 higher 4 percentage
4 percentage 5 of
4 percentage 14 and
5 of 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 with
7 with 10 iib
8 fcd 9 type
9 type 10 iib
10 iib 11 versus
11 versus 12 types
12 types 13 i
14 and 15 iia
14 and 16 were
16 were 17 seizure
17 seizure 19 free
18 - 19 free
19 free 20 after
19 free 22 .
20 after 21 surgery

akt ( also known as protein kinase b ) is the main downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3 ['] - [kinase] and has been implicated in epilepsy pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 akt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 akt 4 known
1 akt 21 and
2 ( 4 known
3 also 4 known
4 known 5 as
4 known 9 )
5 as 7 kinase
6 protein 7 kinase
7 kinase 8 b
10 is 14 target
10 is 21 and
11 the 12 main
11 the 14 target
13 downstream 14 target
14 target 15 of
15 of 16 phosphatidylinositol
16 phosphatidylinositol 17 3
19 - 21 and
21 and 22 has
21 and 27 pathogenesis
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 implicated
24 implicated 25 in
25 in 26 epilepsy

semiquantitative analysis of cortical gliosis and quantitation of akt1 - immunoreactive neurons indicated that individuals with fcd type ii were more likely to have diffuse astrogliosis and higher counts of akt1 - positive neurons versus those with fcd type i . a logistic regression model , including akt1 - positive neurons , age at surgery , and the interaction of these factors , was significantly associated with seizure - free outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 semiquantitative 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 6 and
3 of 5 gliosis
4 cortical 5 gliosis
6 and 7 quantitation
6 and 8 of
8 of 9 akt1
9 akt1 12 neurons
10 - 12 neurons
11 immunoreactive 12 neurons
12 neurons 13 indicated
12 neurons 14 that
12 neurons 20 were
12 neurons 32 -
14 that 15 individuals
14 that 20 were
15 individuals 16 with
15 individuals 20 were
16 with 18 type
17 fcd 18 type
18 type 19 ii
20 were 21 more
20 were 23 to
22 likely 23 to
23 to 24 have
24 have 29 counts
25 diffuse 29 counts
26 astrogliosis 27 and
27 and 28 higher
27 and 29 counts
29 counts 30 of
30 of 31 akt1
32 - 34 neurons
33 positive 34 neurons
34 neurons 35 versus
34 neurons 37 with
35 versus 36 those
37 with 39 type
38 fcd 39 type
39 type 40 i
41 . 45 model
41 . 66 associated
41 . 69 -
42 a 45 model
43 logistic 44 regression
44 regression 45 model
45 model 47 including
45 model 57 and
45 model 64 was
46 , 47 including
47 including 48 akt1
47 including 52 ,
48 akt1 51 neurons
49 - 51 neurons
50 positive 51 neurons
51 neurons 52 ,
52 , 57 and
53 age 54 at
53 age 57 and
54 at 55 surgery
56 , 57 and
57 and 59 interaction
57 and 60 of
57 and 63 ,
58 the 59 interaction
60 of 62 factors
61 these 62 factors
64 was 66 associated
65 significantly 66 associated
66 associated 67 with
67 with 68 seizure
69 - 71 outcome
69 - 72 .
70 free 71 outcome

this study provides evidence that astrogliosis and overexpression of neuronal akt1 protein may be important factors in the pathogenesis of fcd and suggests that the pathogenesis of fcd type i may differ from that of fcd type ii in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 4 evidence
3 provides 33 from
3 provides 39 in
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 7 and
5 that 22 and
6 astrogliosis 7 and
7 and 8 overexpression
7 and 9 of
7 and 13 may
9 of 12 protein
10 neuronal 12 protein
11 akt1 12 protein
13 may 22 and
14 be 16 factors
14 be 22 and
15 important 16 factors
16 factors 17 in
17 in 19 pathogenesis
18 the 19 pathogenesis
19 pathogenesis 20 of
20 of 21 fcd
22 and 23 suggests
23 suggests 24 that
24 that 26 pathogenesis
24 that 32 differ
25 the 26 pathogenesis
26 pathogenesis 27 of
26 pathogenesis 31 may
27 of 29 type
28 fcd 29 type
29 type 30 i
31 may 32 differ
33 from 34 that
34 that 35 of
35 of 37 type
36 fcd 37 type
37 type 38 ii
39 in 40 children

caspase - 6 ( casp6 ) activation in the brain is implicated early in the pathogenesis of alzheimer disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 caspase 3 6
1 caspase 7 activation
2 - 3 6
3 6 5 casp6
3 6 6 )
4 ( 5 casp6
5 casp6 6 )
7 activation 8 in
7 activation 11 is
8 in 10 brain
9 the 10 brain
11 is 12 implicated
12 implicated 13 early
13 early 14 in
14 in 16 pathogenesis
15 the 16 pathogenesis
16 pathogenesis 17 of
17 of 19 disease
18 alzheimer 19 disease
19 disease 21 ad
20 ( 21 ad
21 ad 22 )

in view of the need for early ad diagnosis , brain casp6 activity was investigated by measuring tau cleaved by casp6 ( tauδcasp6 ) protein in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid ( csf [ )(of 7 [non] - cognitively impaired [;] 5 mild cognitively impaired [;] and [12] mild , moderate , and severe ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 brain
1 in 2 view
1 in 10 ,
1 in 11 brain
2 view 3 of
3 of 5 need
4 the 5 need
5 need 6 for
6 for 9 diagnosis
7 early 9 diagnosis
8 ad 9 diagnosis
11 brain 12 casp6
12 casp6 13 activity
12 casp6 17 measuring
13 activity 14 was
14 was 15 investigated
15 investigated 16 by
16 by 17 measuring
17 measuring 18 tau
18 tau 19 cleaved
18 tau 26 in
19 cleaved 20 by
20 by 25 protein
21 casp6 23 tauδcasp6
21 casp6 25 protein
22 ( 23 tauδcasp6
23 tauδcasp6 24 )
26 in 27 postmortem
27 postmortem 29 fluid
27 postmortem 38 impaired
28 cerebrospinal 29 fluid
29 fluid 31 csf
29 fluid 38 impaired
30 ( 31 csf
31 csf 33 )(of
31 csf 36 -
33 )(of 34 7
37 cognitively 38 impaired
38 impaired 45 and
40 5 45 and
41 mild 43 impaired
41 mild 45 and
42 cognitively 43 impaired
45 and 47 mild
45 and 48 ,
45 and 54 patients
48 , 54 patients
49 moderate 51 and
50 , 51 and
51 and 53 ad
51 and 54 patients
52 severe 53 ad
54 patients 55 .

levels of tauδcasp6 in csf accurately reflected the levels of active casp6 and tauδcasp6 detected using immunohistochemistry in hippocampal sections from the same individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 levels 2 of
1 levels 7 reflected
2 of 3 tauδcasp6
3 tauδcasp6 4 in
4 in 5 csf
6 accurately 7 reflected
7 reflected 9 levels
7 reflected 16 using
8 the 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 active 12 casp6
12 casp6 13 and
13 and 14 tauδcasp6
13 and 15 detected
16 using 17 immunohistochemistry
17 immunohistochemistry 18 in
17 immunohistochemistry 21 from
18 in 20 sections
19 hippocampal 20 sections
21 from 24 individuals
22 the 23 same
22 the 24 individuals

levels of csf tauδcasp6 significantly correlated with ad severity and with lower global cognitive scores ; mini - mental state examination scores ; and episodic , semantic , and working memory scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
1 levels 2 of
1 levels 6 correlated
2 of 4 tauδcasp6
3 csf 4 tauδcasp6
5 significantly 6 correlated
6 correlated 10 and
7 with 9 severity
7 with 10 and
8 ad 9 severity
10 and 11 with
11 with 15 scores
12 lower 15 scores
13 global 14 cognitive
14 cognitive 15 scores
16 ; 17 mini
16 ; 18 -
18 - 21 examination
18 - 22 scores
18 - 23 ;
18 - 33 .
19 mental 20 state
20 state 21 examination
21 examination 22 scores
23 ; 24 and
24 and 31 memory
24 and 32 scores
25 episodic 26 ,
25 episodic 31 memory
27 semantic 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 working
29 and 31 memory
31 memory 32 scores

regression analyses suggested that the csf tauδcasp6 levels combined with tauδcasp6 brain pathology predict cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 regression 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 suggested
2 analyses 4 that
2 analyses 12 brain
2 analyses 14 predict
4 that 8 levels
4 that 12 brain
5 the 8 levels
6 csf 7 tauδcasp6
7 tauδcasp6 8 levels
8 levels 9 combined
8 levels 10 with
8 levels 12 brain
10 with 11 tauδcasp6
12 brain 13 pathology
14 predict 16 performance
15 cognitive 16 performance

these results indicate that csf tauδcasp6 levels hold promise as a novel early biomarker of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 promise
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 csf
4 that 9 promise
5 csf 7 levels
5 csf 8 hold
5 csf 9 promise
6 tauδcasp6 7 levels
7 levels 8 hold
9 promise 10 as
9 promise 17 .
10 as 14 biomarker
11 a 14 biomarker
12 novel 14 biomarker
13 early 14 biomarker
14 biomarker 15 of
15 of 16 ad

[none] none objective : patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit accelerated vascular aging and renal damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 none 3 objective
4 : 15 and
5 patients 6 with
5 patients 15 and
6 with 14 aging
7 obstructive 8 sleep
8 sleep 12 accelerated
9 apnea 10 syndrome
10 syndrome 12 accelerated
11 exhibit 12 accelerated
12 accelerated 14 aging
13 vascular 14 aging
15 and 17 damage
16 renal 17 damage

aim of the study was to investigate whether vascular dysfunction is a feature of obstructive sleep apnea [syndrome] per se or instead related to the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 aim 2 of
1 aim 21 or
2 of 4 study
3 the 4 study
5 was 6 to
5 was 7 investigate
5 was 21 or
6 to 7 investigate
7 investigate 8 whether
7 investigate 17 apnea
7 investigate 20 se
8 whether 10 dysfunction
8 whether 11 is
9 vascular 10 dysfunction
10 dysfunction 11 is
11 is 13 feature
12 a 13 feature
13 feature 14 of
14 of 16 sleep
15 obstructive 16 sleep
19 per 20 se
21 or 23 related
21 or 24 to
21 or 31 factors
22 instead 23 related
24 to 26 presence
25 the 26 presence
26 presence 27 of
27 of 30 risk
28 traditional 30 risk
29 cardiovascular 30 risk

methods : forty patients with moderate - severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [(] 20 with , 20 without traditional risk factors ) and 20 matched healthy controls were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 forty
3 forty 4 patients
3 forty 15 with
3 forty 17 20
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 11 apnea
5 with 10 sleep
6 moderate 7 -
6 moderate 10 sleep
8 severe 10 sleep
9 obstructive 10 sleep
11 apnea 12 syndrome
11 apnea 15 with
12 syndrome 14 20
16 , 17 20
17 20 18 without
17 20 22 )
18 without 21 factors
19 traditional 21 factors
20 risk 21 factors
23 and 27 controls
23 and 29 enrolled
24 20 27 controls
25 matched 27 controls
26 healthy 27 controls
27 controls 28 were
28 were 29 enrolled

renal vasodilating capacity , endothelium - dependent vasodilation in the brachial artery , carotid - femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid stiffness were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 renal 20 and
2 vasodilating 3 capacity
2 vasodilating 6 -
2 vasodilating 20 and
3 capacity 5 endothelium
4 , 5 endothelium
5 endothelium 6 -
7 dependent 8 vasodilation
8 vasodilation 9 in
8 vasodilation 13 ,
9 in 12 artery
10 the 12 artery
11 brachial 12 artery
13 , 19 velocity
13 , 20 and
14 carotid 15 -
14 carotid 17 pulse
16 femoral 17 pulse
17 pulse 18 wave
18 wave 19 velocity
20 and 22 stiffness
20 and 23 were
21 carotid 22 stiffness
23 were 24 measured

oxidative stress , endothelial biomarkers and leukocyte adhesion molecule levels were also evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 ,
3 , 5 biomarkers
3 , 6 and
4 endothelial 5 biomarkers
6 and 10 levels
6 and 11 were
7 leukocyte 10 levels
8 adhesion 10 levels
9 molecule 10 levels
11 were 12 also
11 were 13 evaluated

results : apneic patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors presented reduced endothelium - dependent vasodilation ( 3.7±2.1 versus 6.1±3.0 % , p<0.05 ) , increased serum e - selectin ( 49.8±11.5 versus 38.9±17.9 [ng/ml] , p<0.05 ) , and impaired renal vasodilating capacity ( 6.0±4.3 versus 10.4±6.1 % , p<0.05 ) , as compared to healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 10 presented
2 : 24 ,
2 : 58 .
3 apneic 4 patients
4 patients 5 without
4 patients 10 presented
5 without 9 factors
6 traditional 9 factors
7 cardiovascular 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
10 presented 12 endothelium
11 reduced 12 endothelium
12 endothelium 15 vasodilation
13 - 15 vasodilation
14 dependent 15 vasodilation
15 vasodilation 17 3.7±2.1
15 vasodilation 22 p<0.05
15 vasodilation 23 )
16 ( 17 3.7±2.1
17 3.7±2.1 18 versus
17 3.7±2.1 21 ,
18 versus 20 %
19 6.1±3.0 20 %
21 , 22 p<0.05
22 p<0.05 23 )
24 , 39 and
25 increased 26 serum
25 increased 39 and
26 serum 27 e
26 serum 29 selectin
28 - 29 selectin
29 selectin 31 49.8±11.5
29 selectin 38 ,
30 ( 31 49.8±11.5
31 49.8±11.5 32 versus
31 49.8±11.5 38 ,
32 versus 33 38.9±17.9
33 38.9±17.9 36 p<0.05
35 , 36 p<0.05
36 p<0.05 37 )
39 and 40 impaired
40 impaired 43 capacity
40 impaired 55 to
41 renal 43 capacity
42 vasodilating 43 capacity
43 capacity 45 6.0±4.3
43 capacity 54 compared
44 ( 45 6.0±4.3
45 6.0±4.3 46 versus
45 6.0±4.3 50 p<0.05
45 6.0±4.3 52 ,
46 versus 48 %
47 10.4±6.1 48 %
49 , 50 p<0.05
50 p<0.05 51 )
53 as 54 compared
55 to 57 controls
56 healthy 57 controls

endothelial no synthase expression was reduced [(] 0.0133 versus 0.0221×10 copies/μg rna , p<0.05 ) , whereas oxidative stress parameters and leukocyte adhesion molecules were similar to controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 no
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 endothelial 2 no
2 no 4 expression
2 no 5 was
2 no 6 reduced
3 synthase 4 expression
4 expression 5 was
6 reduced 8 0.0133
6 reduced 17 whereas
8 0.0133 9 versus
9 versus 12 rna
10 0.0221×10 11 copies/μg
11 copies/μg 12 rna
12 rna 14 p<0.05
13 , 14 p<0.05
14 p<0.05 15 )
16 , 17 whereas
17 whereas 21 and
18 oxidative 19 stress
19 stress 20 parameters
20 parameters 21 and
21 and 24 molecules
21 and 25 were
22 leukocyte 24 molecules
23 adhesion 24 molecules
25 were 26 similar
26 similar 27 to
27 to 28 controls

patients with obstructive sleep apnea [syndrome] and traditional risk factors also exhibit increased aortic and carotid stiffness , increased renal resistive index and intima - media thickness , and reduced expression of the endothelial progenitor cell marker cd34 : however , these parameters were similar to those of healthy controls in patients with isolated obstructive sleep apnea [syndrome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 apnea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 5 apnea
2 with 4 sleep
3 obstructive 4 sleep
7 and 9 risk
7 and 29 and
8 traditional 9 risk
9 risk 29 and
10 factors 11 also
10 factors 23 and
10 factors 29 and
12 exhibit 13 increased
13 increased 17 stiffness
14 aortic 15 and
15 and 16 carotid
15 and 17 stiffness
17 stiffness 18 ,
18 , 22 index
18 , 23 and
19 increased 22 index
20 renal 22 index
21 resistive 22 index
23 and 27 thickness
24 intima 25 -
24 intima 26 media
26 media 27 thickness
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 reduced
30 reduced 31 expression
31 expression 32 of
31 expression 43 parameters
31 expression 44 were
31 expression 45 similar
32 of 35 progenitor
33 the 35 progenitor
34 endothelial 35 progenitor
35 progenitor 38 cd34
35 progenitor 39 :
36 cell 37 marker
37 marker 38 cd34
38 cd34 39 :
39 : 40 however
40 however 41 ,
42 these 43 parameters
43 parameters 44 were
45 similar 46 to
45 similar 53 with
46 to 47 those
47 those 48 of
48 of 50 controls
49 healthy 50 controls
50 controls 51 in
51 in 52 patients
53 with 57 apnea
54 isolated 56 sleep
55 obstructive 56 sleep
56 sleep 57 apnea

conclusion : obstructive sleep apnea [syndrome] is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and activation and impaired renal vasodilating capacity even in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors , possibly due to reduced endothelial no synthase expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 sleep
3 obstructive 4 sleep
4 sleep 5 apnea
4 sleep 15 impaired
5 apnea 14 and
7 is 8 characterized
7 is 14 and
8 characterized 9 by
9 by 12 and
10 endothelial 11 dysfunction
11 dysfunction 12 and
12 and 13 activation
14 and 15 impaired
15 impaired 18 capacity
15 impaired 28 ,
15 impaired 31 to
16 renal 18 capacity
17 vasodilating 18 capacity
19 even 20 in
19 even 28 ,
20 in 22 absence
21 the 22 absence
22 absence 23 of
23 of 27 factors
24 traditional 27 factors
25 cardiovascular 27 factors
26 risk 27 factors
28 , 29 possibly
28 , 30 due
31 to 36 expression
32 reduced 36 expression
33 endothelial 36 expression
34 no 36 expression
35 synthase 36 expression

aim : the cardio - ankle vascular index ( cavi ) reflects arterial stiffness from the aorta to the ankle , [independent] of blood pressure ( bp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 8 index
2 : 12 reflects
3 the 8 index
4 cardio 5 -
4 cardio 6 ankle
6 ankle 8 index
7 vascular 8 index
8 index 10 cavi
8 index 12 reflects
9 ( 10 cavi
10 cavi 11 )
12 reflects 14 stiffness
12 reflects 18 to
13 arterial 14 stiffness
14 stiffness 15 from
15 from 17 aorta
16 the 17 aorta
18 to 20 ankle
19 the 20 ankle
20 ankle 23 of
21 , 23 of
23 of 25 pressure
23 of 28 )
24 blood 25 pressure
25 pressure 27 bp
26 ( 27 bp
27 bp 28 )

we investigated the age - stratified cavi in healthy , normotensive individuals to evaluate the effects of age on arterial stiffness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 age
3 the 4 age
5 - 7 cavi
6 stratified 7 cavi
7 cavi 8 in
8 in 12 individuals
9 healthy 10 ,
9 healthy 12 individuals
11 normotensive 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 to
12 individuals 14 evaluate
13 to 14 evaluate
14 evaluate 16 effects
14 evaluate 19 on
15 the 16 effects
16 effects 17 of
17 of 18 age
19 on 21 stiffness
20 arterial 21 stiffness

methods : the cavi and peripheral bp were determined in healthy , normotensive koreans 20 to 79 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 18 years
3 the 18 years
4 cavi 5 and
5 and 7 bp
5 and 8 were
6 peripheral 7 bp
8 were 9 determined
9 determined 10 in
9 determined 16 to
10 in 14 koreans
11 healthy 12 ,
11 healthy 14 koreans
13 normotensive 14 koreans
15 20 16 to
16 to 17 79
17 79 18 years
18 years 19 of
19 of 20 age

the subjects had no history of cardiovascular disease and did not take any medications for hypertension [,] diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia ( n = 1,380 ; 44.1 % in men [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 )(
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 9 and
3 had 5 history
3 had 9 and
4 no 5 history
5 history 6 of
6 of 8 disease
7 cardiovascular 8 disease
9 and 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 take
12 take 14 medications
12 take 15 for
13 any 14 medications
15 for 20 or
16 hypertension 19 mellitus
18 diabetes 19 mellitus
19 mellitus 20 or
20 or 21 dyslipidemia
20 or 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 1,380
24 = 26 ;
26 ; 30 men
27 44.1 29 in
28 % 29 in
29 in 30 men

results : the mean systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) , diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) and pulse pressure ( pp ) were 117 , 75 and 42 mmhg , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 7 pressure
2 : 18 and
3 the 7 pressure
4 mean 7 pressure
5 systolic 6 blood
6 blood 7 pressure
7 pressure 9 sbp
7 pressure 14 pressure
8 ( 9 sbp
9 sbp 10 )
11 , 14 pressure
12 diastolic 13 blood
13 blood 14 pressure
14 pressure 16 dbp
14 pressure 17 )
15 ( 16 dbp
16 dbp 17 )
18 and 20 pressure
18 and 24 were
19 pulse 20 pressure
20 pressure 22 pp
20 pressure 24 were
21 ( 22 pp
22 pp 23 )
24 were 25 117
24 were 32 respectively
25 117 30 mmhg
26 , 30 mmhg
27 75 28 and
28 and 29 42
28 and 30 mmhg
30 mmhg 31 ,

the cavi increased linearly with age and was determined using the following equation : cavi = 5.0 + 0.048 × age ( year [ )( men [(] [r] ( 2 ) = 0.395 , p < 0.001 ) , cavi [=] 4.8 + 0.045 × age ( year [ )( women [(] [r] ( 2 ) = 0.450 , p < 0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cavi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 the 2 cavi
2 cavi 7 and
3 increased 4 linearly
3 increased 5 with
3 increased 7 and
5 with 6 age
7 and 8 was
8 was 9 determined
9 determined 10 using
9 determined 14 :
10 using 13 equation
11 the 12 following
11 the 13 equation
14 : 15 cavi
14 : 16 =
15 cavi 16 =
16 = 20 ×
17 5.0 18 +
18 + 19 0.048
18 + 20 ×
20 × 21 age
20 × 32 =
21 age 26 men
21 age 32 =
22 ( 26 men
23 year 26 men
26 men 30 2
26 men 31 )
29 ( 30 2
30 2 31 )
32 = 36 <
32 = 43 +
33 0.395 36 <
34 , 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 37 0.001
36 < 38 )
39 , 43 +
40 cavi 42 4.8
40 cavi 43 +
43 + 45 ×
44 0.045 45 ×
45 × 46 age
45 × 57 =
46 age 51 women
46 age 57 =
47 ( 51 women
48 year 51 women
51 women 55 2
51 women 56 )
54 ( 55 2
55 2 56 )
57 = 61 <
58 0.450 61 <
59 , 61 <
60 p 61 <
61 < 62 0.001
61 < 64 )(

however , sbp , dbp and pp did not change progressively with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 and
3 sbp 4 ,
4 , 5 dbp
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 pp
6 and 8 did
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 change
10 change 11 progressively
10 change 12 with
12 with 13 age

age emerged as the major determinant of the cavi in a stepwise multiple regression analysis [(] r ( 2 [ )( = 43.1 [%] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 age 2 emerged
2 emerged 3 as
3 as 6 determinant
4 the 6 determinant
5 major 6 determinant
6 determinant 7 of
7 of 9 cavi
8 the 9 cavi
9 cavi 10 in
10 in 15 analysis
11 a 12 stepwise
11 a 15 analysis
12 stepwise 15 analysis
13 multiple 15 analysis
14 regression 15 analysis
15 analysis 22 =
17 r 22 =
18 ( 22 =
19 2 22 =
22 = 23 43.1
22 = 25 )

conclusions : the cavi scores increased with age in the healthy , normotensive individuals , whereas sbp , dbp and pp did [not] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 scores
3 the 5 scores
4 cavi 5 scores
5 scores 6 increased
6 increased 7 with
6 increased 9 in
6 increased 16 whereas
7 with 8 age
9 in 14 individuals
10 the 14 individuals
11 healthy 12 ,
11 healthy 14 individuals
13 normotensive 14 individuals
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 21 pp
16 whereas 22 did
16 whereas 24 .
17 sbp 19 dbp
18 , 19 dbp
19 dbp 20 and
20 and 21 pp
21 pp 22 did

age was the dominant risk factor for the progression of arterial stiffness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 age 2 was
2 was 6 factor
3 the 6 factor
4 dominant 6 factor
5 risk 6 factor
6 factor 7 for
7 for 9 progression
8 the 9 progression
9 progression 10 of
10 of 12 stiffness
11 arterial 12 stiffness

these data suggest that the cavi is a sensitive marker of the arterial aging process [,] above and beyond conventional upper arm bp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 cavi
4 that 7 is
5 the 6 cavi
6 cavi 7 is
7 is 10 marker
8 a 9 sensitive
8 a 10 marker
9 sensitive 10 marker
10 marker 11 of
11 of 15 process
12 the 15 process
13 arterial 15 process
14 aging 15 process
15 process 18 and
17 above 18 and
18 and 19 beyond
19 beyond 23 bp
20 conventional 21 upper
21 upper 22 arm
22 arm 23 bp

objective : to explore the association between baseline life - space mobility and nursing home ( nh ) admission among community [-] dwelling older adults over 6 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
2 : 10 -
2 : 29 .
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 6 association
4 explore 7 between
5 the 6 association
7 between 9 life
8 baseline 9 life
10 - 11 space
11 space 19 admission
11 space 20 among
11 space 26 over
12 mobility 13 and
13 and 15 home
13 and 17 nh
13 and 19 admission
14 nursing 15 home
16 ( 17 nh
17 nh 18 )
20 among 25 adults
21 community 23 dwelling
23 dwelling 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
26 over 28 years
27 6 28 years

methods : using data from a prospective , observational cohort study consisting of a random sample of 1,000 medicare beneficiaries ≥ 65 years of age stratified by race ( african american [and] [non] - hispanic white ) , sex , and rural/urban residence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 21 ≥
3 using 4 data
4 data 5 from
4 data 21 ≥
5 from 11 study
6 a 7 prospective
6 a 11 study
7 prospective 8 ,
7 prospective 10 cohort
9 observational 10 cohort
10 cohort 11 study
11 study 12 consisting
11 study 17 of
12 consisting 13 of
13 of 16 sample
14 a 15 random
14 a 16 sample
15 random 16 sample
17 of 20 beneficiaries
18 1,000 20 beneficiaries
19 medicare 20 beneficiaries
21 ≥ 41 and
22 65 23 years
23 years 24 of
23 years 41 and
24 of 25 age
25 age 26 stratified
25 age 27 by
27 by 28 race
28 race 39 sex
29 ( 39 sex
30 african 39 sex
31 american 36 white
31 american 38 ,
31 american 39 sex
34 - 36 white
35 hispanic 36 white
36 white 37 )
39 sex 40 ,
41 and 43 residence
42 rural/urban 43 residence

baseline life - space mobility was assessed during [in] - home interviews . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 life
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 baseline 2 life
3 - 4 space
3 - 10 -
4 space 5 mobility
4 space 8 during
5 mobility 6 was
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 during
10 - 11 home
10 - 13 .
11 home 12 interviews

participants were contacted by telephone every 6 months to ascertain nh admissions , life - space assessment ( lsa ) scores , and vital status ( living [or] [deceased] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 contacted
3 contacted 5 telephone
3 contacted 6 every
3 contacted 9 to
4 by 5 telephone
6 every 8 months
7 6 8 months
9 to 10 ascertain
10 ascertain 12 admissions
11 nh 12 admissions
13 , 23 and
14 life 21 scores
14 life 23 and
15 - 21 scores
16 space 21 scores
17 assessment 19 lsa
18 ( 19 lsa
19 lsa 20 )
19 lsa 21 scores
21 scores 22 ,
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 status
23 and 27 living
24 vital 25 status
26 ( 27 living
27 living 30 )

using multivariate logistic regression , the significance and independence of the relationship of life - space mobility with nh admission were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 mobility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 using 8 and
1 using 15 -
1 using 17 mobility
2 multivariate 4 regression
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 ,
5 , 7 significance
5 , 8 and
6 the 7 significance
8 and 9 independence
8 and 10 of
10 of 12 relationship
11 the 12 relationship
12 relationship 13 of
13 of 14 life
16 space 17 mobility
17 mobility 18 with
17 mobility 21 were
18 with 20 admission
19 nh 20 admission
21 were 22 examined

results : over 6 years , the odds of nh admission increased 2 % for every one point lower baseline life [-] space score independent of previously recognized risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 odds
2 : 12 increased
2 : 31 .
3 over 5 years
3 over 6 ,
3 over 8 odds
4 6 5 years
7 the 8 odds
8 odds 9 of
8 odds 12 increased
9 of 11 admission
10 nh 11 admission
12 increased 14 %
13 2 14 %
14 % 15 for
14 % 26 of
15 for 25 independent
16 every 25 independent
17 one 18 point
18 point 19 lower
19 lower 25 independent
20 baseline 21 life
21 life 24 score
23 space 24 score
24 score 25 independent
26 of 30 factors
27 previously 28 recognized
28 recognized 30 factors
29 risk 30 factors

discussion : the lsa may be a useful tool to identify older adults at risk of nh admission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 lsa
2 : 6 be
2 : 19 .
3 the 4 lsa
4 lsa 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 9 tool
7 a 9 tool
8 useful 9 tool
9 tool 10 to
9 tool 11 identify
10 to 11 identify
11 identify 13 adults
11 identify 14 at
12 older 13 adults
14 at 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 18 admission
17 nh 18 admission

objective : studies have shown a correlation between cancer and cognition referred to as " chemo brain . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 studies
2 : 5 shown
2 : 13 to
2 : 18 .
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 10 and
5 shown 13 to
6 a 7 correlation
7 correlation 8 between
7 correlation 10 and
8 between 9 cancer
10 and 11 cognition
10 and 13 to
12 referred 13 to
13 to 17 brain
14 as 15 "
14 as 16 chemo
16 chemo 17 brain
18 . 19 "

this study investigated the relationship between cancer and later - life cognition using nationally representative data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 relationship
3 investigated 6 between
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 8 and
7 cancer 8 and
8 and 12 cognition
8 and 13 using
9 later 10 -
9 later 11 life
11 life 12 cognition
13 using 16 data
14 nationally 15 representative
15 representative 16 data

method : analysis of the 2006 health and retirement study investigated the [(] [a] [ )(effects of cancer survivorship on the total cognition score using linear regression in adults age 65+ ( n = 9,814 ) and [(] [b] [ )(the effects of cancer treatment on the total recall index using linear regression in adults age 50+ ( n = 657 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 investigated
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
4 of 7 health
5 the 6 2006
6 2006 7 health
8 and 10 study
9 retirement 10 study
10 study 11 investigated
11 investigated 16 )(effects
12 the 16 )(effects
16 )(effects 17 of
17 of 18 cancer
18 cancer 19 survivorship
18 cancer 25 using
19 survivorship 20 on
20 on 24 score
21 the 24 score
22 total 24 score
23 cognition 24 score
25 using 37 and
26 linear 27 regression
27 regression 28 in
27 regression 37 and
28 in 31 65+
29 adults 31 65+
30 age 31 65+
31 65+ 34 =
32 ( 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 9,814
34 = 36 )
37 and 42 effects
41 )(the 42 effects
42 effects 43 of
43 of 45 treatment
44 cancer 45 treatment
45 treatment 46 on
46 on 53 regression
47 the 53 regression
48 total 49 recall
49 recall 50 index
50 index 53 regression
51 using 53 regression
52 linear 53 regression
53 regression 54 in
53 regression 60 =
54 in 57 50+
55 adults 56 age
56 age 57 50+
58 ( 60 =
59 n 60 =
60 = 61 657
60 = 63 )(

results : total cognition [score] is not associated with cancer survivorship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 cognition
2 : 6 is
2 : 12 .
3 total 4 cognition
4 cognition 6 is
6 is 7 not
6 is 9 with
6 is 11 survivorship
7 not 8 associated
9 with 10 cancer

the association between long - term cancer survivorship and cognition score was significant ( p < [.] 05 [;] b = [.] 276 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 12 was
3 between 9 and
4 long 5 -
4 long 6 term
6 term 8 survivorship
7 cancer 8 survivorship
8 survivorship 9 and
9 and 11 score
10 cognition 11 score
12 was 13 significant
13 significant 16 <
14 ( 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 18 05
18 05 21 =
20 b 21 =
21 = 23 276
21 = 24 )

total recall [index] is not associated with chemotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 total 2 recall
2 recall 4 is
4 is 5 not
4 is 7 with
5 not 6 associated
7 with 8 chemotherapy

discussion : these results support other research suggesting that chemo brain may be biased by expectation as well as favored by research that relies upon self [-] reported cognitive measures versus cognitive testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 20 favored
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 support
5 support 7 research
6 other 7 research
7 research 8 suggesting
7 research 11 brain
7 research 20 favored
8 suggesting 9 that
10 chemo 11 brain
11 brain 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 biased
14 biased 15 by
14 biased 17 as
14 biased 19 as
15 by 16 expectation
17 as 18 well
19 as 20 favored
20 favored 21 by
20 favored 25 upon
21 by 22 research
22 research 23 that
22 research 24 relies
23 that 24 relies
25 upon 30 measures
26 self 28 reported
28 reported 30 measures
29 cognitive 30 measures
30 measures 31 versus
31 versus 33 testing
32 cognitive 33 testing

the study was limited by the cross - sectional design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 limited
4 limited 5 by
5 by 7 cross
6 the 7 cross
8 - 10 design
9 sectional 10 design

background : apolipoprotein e ε4 ( apoe4 ) has been associated with an increased risk of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , amyloid deposition and hypometabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 5 ε4
2 : 11 associated
3 apolipoprotein 4 e
3 apolipoprotein 5 ε4
5 ε4 7 apoe4
5 ε4 9 has
6 ( 7 apoe4
7 apoe4 8 )
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 26 and
13 an 15 risk
14 increased 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
15 risk 23 ,
16 of 19 disease
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease
19 disease 21 ad
20 ( 21 ad
21 ad 22 )
23 , 25 deposition
23 , 26 and
24 amyloid 25 deposition
26 and 27 hypometabolism

apoe4 is less prevalent in [non] [-] amnestic ad variants suggesting a direct effect on the clinical phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 apoe4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 apoe4 2 is
2 is 4 prevalent
3 less 4 prevalent
4 prevalent 5 in
5 in 10 variants
8 amnestic 10 variants
9 ad 10 variants
10 variants 11 suggesting
11 suggesting 14 effect
11 suggesting 15 on
12 a 13 direct
12 a 14 effect
13 direct 14 effect
15 on 18 phenotype
16 the 18 phenotype
17 clinical 18 phenotype

however , the impact of apoe4 on amyloid burden and glucose metabolism across different clinical ad syndromes is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 impact
3 the 4 impact
4 impact 5 of
4 impact 18 is
5 of 10 and
6 apoe4 7 on
6 apoe4 10 and
7 on 9 burden
8 amyloid 9 burden
10 and 12 metabolism
10 and 13 across
11 glucose 12 metabolism
13 across 17 syndromes
14 different 17 syndromes
15 clinical 17 syndromes
16 ad 17 syndromes
18 is 19 not
18 is 20 well
20 well 21 understood

we aimed to assess the relationship between amyloid deposition , glucose metabolism and apoe4 genotype in a clinically heterogeneous population of ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 13 and
4 assess 15 genotype
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 10 ,
7 between 9 deposition
8 amyloid 9 deposition
10 , 12 metabolism
10 , 13 and
11 glucose 12 metabolism
13 and 14 apoe4
13 and 15 genotype
15 genotype 16 in
15 genotype 23 patients
16 in 20 population
17 a 18 clinically
17 a 20 population
18 clinically 19 heterogeneous
19 heterogeneous 20 population
20 population 21 of
21 of 22 ad

methods : 52 patients with probable ad ( national institute on aging - alzheimer 's association [ )(underwent [[] [(] 11 )c ]pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) [and] [ [(] 18 )f ]fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) positron emission tomography ( pet ) scans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 13 -
3 52 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 10 institute
5 with 7 ad
6 probable 7 ad
8 ( 10 institute
9 national 10 institute
10 institute 11 on
10 institute 13 -
11 on 12 aging
13 - 16 association
13 - 18 )(underwent
14 alzheimer 15 's
15 's 16 association
16 association 18 )(underwent
18 )(underwent 24 compound
21 11 23 ]pittsburgh
22 )c 23 ]pittsburgh
23 ]pittsburgh 24 compound
24 compound 25 b
24 compound 27 pib
24 compound 33 )f
26 ( 27 pib
27 pib 28 )
30 [ 33 )f
32 18 33 )f
33 )f 40 tomography
33 )f 44 scans
33 )f 45 .
34 ]fluorodeoxyglucose 36 fdg
34 ]fluorodeoxyglucose 40 tomography
35 ( 36 fdg
36 fdg 37 )
38 positron 40 tomography
39 emission 40 tomography
40 tomography 42 pet
40 tomography 44 scans
41 ( 42 pet
42 pet 43 )

all patients had positive pib - pet scans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 had
3 had 5 pib
4 positive 5 pib
6 - 7 pet
6 - 8 scans
6 - 9 .
7 pet 8 scans

groups consisted of language - variant ad , visual - variant ad and ad patients with amnestic and dysexecutive deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 groups 2 consisted
2 consisted 3 of
3 of 4 language
5 - 7 ad
5 - 8 ,
5 - 21 .
6 variant 7 ad
8 , 13 and
9 visual 10 -
9 visual 11 variant
11 variant 12 ad
12 ad 13 and
13 and 15 patients
13 and 16 with
14 ad 15 patients
16 with 20 deficits
17 amnestic 18 and
18 and 19 dysexecutive
18 and 20 deficits

fdg and pib uptake was compared between groups on a voxel - wise basis and in regions of interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 uptake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 fdg 2 and
2 and 3 pib
3 pib 4 uptake
4 uptake 5 was
5 was 6 compared
6 compared 7 between
7 between 8 groups
8 groups 15 and
9 on 14 basis
9 on 15 and
10 a 11 voxel
10 a 14 basis
11 voxel 12 -
11 voxel 14 basis
13 wise 14 basis
15 and 16 in
16 in 17 regions
17 regions 18 of
18 of 19 interest

results : while pib patterns were diffuse in both patient groups , apoe4 - patients showed higher pib uptake than apoe4+ patients across the cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 15 patients
2 : 16 showed
2 : 26 .
3 while 5 patterns
3 while 6 were
3 while 14 -
3 while 15 patients
4 pib 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 were
6 were 7 diffuse
7 diffuse 8 in
8 in 11 groups
9 both 11 groups
10 patient 11 groups
11 groups 13 apoe4
12 , 13 apoe4
13 apoe4 14 -
15 patients 16 showed
16 showed 18 pib
16 showed 19 uptake
16 showed 20 than
17 higher 18 pib
20 than 22 patients
20 than 23 across
21 apoe4+ 22 patients
23 across 25 cortex
24 the 25 cortex

higher pib uptake in apoe4 [-] patients was particularly significant in right lateral frontotemporal regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 uptake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 higher 3 uptake
2 pib 3 uptake
3 uptake 4 in
3 uptake 8 was
4 in 7 patients
5 apoe4 7 patients
8 was 10 significant
9 particularly 10 significant
10 significant 11 in
11 in 15 regions
12 right 15 regions
13 lateral 15 regions
14 frontotemporal 15 regions

in contrast , similar patterns of hypometabolism relative to controls were found in both patient groups , mainly [involving] lateral temporoparietal cortex , precuneus , posterior cingulate cortex and middle frontal gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 patterns
4 similar 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 of
5 patterns 8 relative
5 patterns 11 were
6 of 7 hypometabolism
8 relative 9 to
9 to 10 controls
11 were 12 found
12 found 13 in
13 in 29 and
14 both 29 and
15 patient 16 groups
16 groups 17 ,
17 , 22 cortex
17 , 23 ,
18 mainly 20 lateral
20 lateral 22 cortex
21 temporoparietal 22 cortex
23 , 24 precuneus
23 , 25 ,
25 , 28 cortex
25 , 29 and
26 posterior 28 cortex
27 cingulate 28 cortex
29 and 32 gyrus
30 middle 32 gyrus
31 frontal 32 gyrus

comparing patient groups , apoe4+ subjects showed greater hypometabolism in bilateral medial temporal and right lateral temporal regions , and apoe4 - patients showed greater hypometabolism in cortical areas , including supplementary motor cortex and superior frontal gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 comparing 3 groups
1 comparing 4 ,
1 comparing 6 subjects
2 patient 3 groups
5 apoe4+ 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 showed
7 showed 9 hypometabolism
8 greater 9 hypometabolism
9 hypometabolism 10 in
10 in 18 regions
11 bilateral 18 regions
12 medial 18 regions
13 temporal 14 and
14 and 15 right
14 and 18 regions
16 lateral 18 regions
17 temporal 18 regions
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 patients
20 and 24 showed
21 apoe4 22 -
21 apoe4 23 patients
23 patients 24 showed
24 showed 26 hypometabolism
24 showed 27 in
25 greater 26 hypometabolism
27 in 35 and
28 cortical 29 areas
29 areas 30 ,
30 , 34 cortex
30 , 35 and
31 including 34 cortex
32 supplementary 33 motor
33 motor 34 cortex
35 and 38 gyrus
36 superior 38 gyrus
37 frontal 38 gyrus

conclusions : apoe4+ ad patients showed lower global amyloid burden and greater medial temporal hypometabolism compared with matched apoe4 - patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 apoe4+
2 : 3 apoe4+
3 apoe4+ 4 ad
3 apoe4+ 17 with
4 ad 16 compared
5 patients 6 showed
6 showed 7 lower
6 showed 15 hypometabolism
6 showed 16 compared
8 global 15 hypometabolism
9 amyloid 15 hypometabolism
10 burden 11 and
11 and 12 greater
11 and 15 hypometabolism
13 medial 15 hypometabolism
14 temporal 15 hypometabolism
15 hypometabolism 16 compared
17 with 19 apoe4
18 matched 19 apoe4
19 apoe4 21 patients
20 - 21 patients
21 patients 22 .

these findings suggest that apoe4 may increase susceptibility to molecular pathology and modulate the anatomic pattern of neurodegeneration in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 12 and
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 12 and
4 that 5 apoe4
4 that 7 increase
5 apoe4 6 may
6 may 7 increase
7 increase 8 susceptibility
7 increase 9 to
9 to 11 pathology
10 molecular 11 pathology
12 and 13 modulate
13 modulate 16 pattern
13 modulate 19 in
14 the 16 pattern
15 anatomic 16 pattern
16 pattern 17 of
17 of 18 neurodegeneration
19 in 20 ad

for more than 50 years , the free radical theory served as the paradigm guiding most investigations of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 theory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 served
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 for 5 years
1 for 6 ,
1 for 10 theory
2 more 3 than
3 than 4 50
4 50 5 years
7 the 10 theory
8 free 10 theory
9 radical 10 theory
10 theory 11 served
11 served 12 as
12 as 14 paradigm
13 the 14 paradigm
14 paradigm 15 guiding
15 guiding 17 investigations
16 most 17 investigations
17 investigations 18 of
18 of 19 ageing

however , recent studies in a variety of organisms have identified conceptual and practical limitations to this theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 5 in
4 studies 10 have
5 in 7 variety
6 a 7 variety
7 variety 8 of
8 of 9 organisms
10 have 11 identified
11 identified 15 limitations
11 identified 16 to
12 conceptual 13 and
13 and 14 practical
13 and 15 limitations
16 to 18 theory
17 this 18 theory

some of these limitations are related to the recent discovery that caloric restriction and other experimental manipulations promote longevity by inducing hormesis effects in association with increased reactive oxygen species ( ros ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 limitations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 some 2 of
1 some 4 limitations
2 of 4 limitations
3 these 4 limitations
4 limitations 5 are
5 are 6 related
6 related 7 to
6 related 20 by
6 related 25 association
6 related 26 with
7 to 10 discovery
8 the 10 discovery
9 recent 10 discovery
10 discovery 11 that
11 that 14 and
11 that 18 promote
12 caloric 13 restriction
13 restriction 14 and
14 and 17 manipulations
14 and 18 promote
15 other 17 manipulations
16 experimental 17 manipulations
18 promote 19 longevity
20 by 21 inducing
21 inducing 23 effects
22 hormesis 23 effects
24 in 25 association
26 with 30 species
27 increased 29 oxygen
28 reactive 29 oxygen
29 oxygen 30 species
30 species 32 ros
31 ( 32 ros
32 ros 33 )

the beneficial role of ros in lifespan extension is consistent with the essential role of these molecules in cell signalling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 role
2 beneficial 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 9 is
4 of 5 ros
5 ros 6 in
6 in 8 extension
7 lifespan 8 extension
9 is 10 consistent
10 consistent 11 with
10 consistent 18 in
11 with 14 role
12 the 14 role
13 essential 14 role
14 role 15 of
15 of 17 molecules
16 these 17 molecules
18 in 20 signalling
19 cell 20 signalling

however , the identity of specific forms of ros that promote longevity remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 identity
3 the 4 identity
4 identity 5 of
4 identity 13 remains
5 of 7 forms
6 specific 7 forms
7 forms 8 of
7 forms 10 that
7 forms 11 promote
8 of 9 ros
10 that 11 promote
11 promote 12 longevity
13 remains 14 unclear

in this article , we argue that in several model systems , hydrogen peroxide plays a crucial role in the induction of hormesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 argue
6 argue 7 that
7 that 14 peroxide
7 that 15 plays
8 in 11 systems
8 in 12 ,
8 in 14 peroxide
9 several 11 systems
10 model 11 systems
13 hydrogen 14 peroxide
14 peroxide 15 plays
15 plays 18 role
15 plays 19 in
16 a 17 crucial
16 a 18 role
17 crucial 18 role
19 in 21 induction
20 the 21 induction
21 induction 22 of
22 of 23 hormesis

acetyl - l - carnitine ( alc ) is a molecule derived from acetylation of carnitine in the mitochondria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 acetyl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 acetyl 3 l
1 acetyl 5 carnitine
1 acetyl 9 is
2 - 3 l
3 l 4 -
4 - 5 carnitine
5 carnitine 7 alc
5 carnitine 8 )
6 ( 7 alc
7 alc 8 )
9 is 11 molecule
10 a 11 molecule
11 molecule 12 derived
11 molecule 13 from
11 molecule 15 of
13 from 14 acetylation
15 of 16 carnitine
16 carnitine 17 in
17 in 19 mitochondria
18 the 19 mitochondria

carnitine acetylation enables the function of coa and facilitates elimination of oxidative products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acetylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 carnitine 2 acetylation
2 acetylation 8 and
3 enables 5 function
3 enables 8 and
4 the 5 function
5 function 6 of
6 of 7 coa
8 and 9 facilitates
9 facilitates 10 elimination
10 elimination 11 of
11 of 13 products
12 oxidative 13 products

beyond this metabolic activity , alc provides acetyl groups for acetylcholine synthesis , exerts a cholinergic effect and optimizes the balance of energy processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 alc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 beyond 4 activity
1 beyond 5 ,
1 beyond 6 alc
2 this 3 metabolic
3 metabolic 4 activity
6 alc 13 ,
7 provides 9 groups
7 provides 13 ,
8 acetyl 9 groups
9 groups 10 for
10 for 12 synthesis
11 acetylcholine 12 synthesis
13 , 18 and
14 exerts 17 effect
14 exerts 18 and
15 a 16 cholinergic
15 a 17 effect
16 cholinergic 17 effect
18 and 19 optimizes
19 optimizes 21 balance
20 the 21 balance
21 balance 22 of
22 of 24 processes
23 energy 24 processes

acetylcarnitine supplementation induces neuroprotective , neurotrophic and analgesic effects in the peripheral nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 acetylcarnitine 2 supplementation
2 supplementation 3 induces
3 induces 7 and
3 induces 10 in
4 neuroprotective 5 ,
5 , 6 neurotrophic
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 effects
8 analgesic 9 effects
10 in 14 system
11 the 14 system
12 peripheral 14 system
13 nervous 14 system

in the recent studies , alc , by acting [as] a donor of acetyl groups to nf - [kb] p65/rela , enhanced the transcription of the grm2 gene encoding the mglu2 receptors , inducing long - term upregulation of the mglur2 , evidencing therefore that [its] long - term analgesic effects are dependent on epigenetic modifications . 
1 in 4 studies
1 in 12 donor
2 the 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
5 , 6 alc
6 alc 7 ,
6 alc 12 donor
8 by 9 acting
8 by 12 donor
11 a 12 donor
12 donor 13 of
12 donor 22 enhanced
13 of 15 groups
14 acetyl 15 groups
15 groups 16 to
16 to 17 nf
17 nf 20 p65/rela
18 - 20 p65/rela
20 p65/rela 21 ,
22 enhanced 24 transcription
23 the 24 transcription
24 transcription 25 of
24 transcription 34 inducing
25 of 28 gene
26 the 28 gene
27 grm2 28 gene
28 gene 29 encoding
29 encoding 32 receptors
30 the 32 receptors
31 mglu2 32 receptors
33 , 34 inducing
34 inducing 38 upregulation
35 long 36 -
35 long 37 term
37 term 38 upregulation
38 upregulation 39 of
39 of 41 mglur2
40 the 41 mglur2
41 mglur2 49 term
42 , 49 term
43 evidencing 49 term
44 therefore 47 long
45 that 47 long
47 long 48 -
47 long 49 term
49 term 51 effects
49 term 52 are
49 term 53 dependent
49 term 57 .
50 analgesic 51 effects
51 effects 52 are
53 dependent 54 on
54 on 56 modifications
55 epigenetic 56 modifications

several studies , including double - blind , placebo - controlled , parallel group studies and few open studies showed the effect of alc in diseases characterized by neuropathies and neuropathic pain : the studies included diabetic neuropathy , hiv and antiretroviral therapy - induced neuropathies , neuropathies due to compression and chemotherapeutic agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 several 2 studies
3 , 9 placebo
3 , 10 -
4 including 9 placebo
5 double 6 -
5 double 9 placebo
7 blind 8 ,
7 blind 9 placebo
10 - 16 and
10 - 20 showed
10 - 33 :
10 - 39 ,
11 controlled 12 ,
11 controlled 16 and
13 parallel 15 studies
14 group 15 studies
15 studies 16 and
16 and 19 studies
16 and 20 showed
17 few 19 studies
18 open 19 studies
20 showed 30 and
21 the 22 effect
22 effect 23 of
22 effect 30 and
23 of 24 alc
24 alc 25 in
25 in 26 diseases
26 diseases 27 characterized
26 diseases 28 by
28 by 29 neuropathies
30 and 32 pain
30 and 33 :
31 neuropathic 32 pain
33 : 35 studies
33 : 38 neuropathy
34 the 35 studies
35 studies 36 included
35 studies 38 neuropathy
36 included 37 diabetic
39 , 41 and
39 , 47 ,
40 hiv 41 and
41 and 43 therapy
41 and 44 -
41 and 45 induced
41 and 47 ,
42 antiretroviral 43 therapy
46 neuropathies 47 ,
47 , 48 neuropathies
47 , 50 to
49 due 50 to
50 to 52 and
51 compression 52 and
52 and 54 agents
53 chemotherapeutic 54 agents

double - blinded studies involved 1773 patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 double 2 -
1 double 4 studies
3 blinded 4 studies
4 studies 5 involved
5 involved 7 patients
6 1773 7 patients

statistical evaluations evidenced reduction of pain , improvements of nerve [function] and trophism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 statistical 2 evaluations
2 evaluations 3 evidenced
3 evidenced 4 reduction
4 reduction 5 of
5 of 12 and
6 pain 7 ,
7 , 8 improvements
7 , 12 and
8 improvements 9 of
9 of 10 nerve
12 and 13 trophism

in conclusion , alc represents a consistent therapeutic option for peripheral neuropathies , and its complex effects , neurotrophic and analgesic , based on epigenetic [mechanism] , open new pathways in the study of peripheral nerve disease management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 alc
3 , 5 represents
4 alc 5 represents
5 represents 9 option
5 represents 10 for
6 a 7 consistent
6 a 9 option
7 consistent 9 option
8 therapeutic 9 option
10 for 14 and
11 peripheral 12 neuropathies
12 neuropathies 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 complex
14 and 17 effects
14 and 23 based
15 its 16 complex
17 effects 20 and
17 effects 23 based
18 , 20 and
19 neurotrophic 20 and
20 and 21 analgesic
20 and 22 ,
23 based 24 on
23 based 31 in
24 on 30 pathways
25 epigenetic 27 ,
25 epigenetic 30 pathways
28 open 30 pathways
29 new 30 pathways
31 in 33 study
32 the 33 study
33 study 34 of
34 of 38 management
35 peripheral 36 nerve
36 nerve 37 disease
37 disease 38 management

objectives : this study aimed to develop and pilot the alzheimer 's disease and ageing perception scale ( adaps ) , examine theory - consistent differences and convergent validity , and identify misconceptions of the cognitive effects of ageing and mild alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
6 to 8 and
7 develop 8 and
8 and 21 ,
9 pilot 14 and
9 pilot 21 ,
10 the 11 alzheimer
11 alzheimer 12 's
12 's 14 and
13 disease 14 and
14 and 19 adaps
15 ageing 16 perception
16 perception 17 scale
17 scale 19 adaps
18 ( 19 adaps
19 adaps 20 )
21 , 31 and
22 examine 23 theory
22 examine 31 and
23 theory 27 and
24 - 27 and
25 consistent 26 differences
26 differences 27 and
27 and 29 validity
27 and 30 ,
28 convergent 29 validity
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 identify
32 identify 33 misconceptions
33 misconceptions 34 of
34 of 37 effects
35 the 37 effects
36 cognitive 37 effects
37 effects 38 of
38 of 39 ageing
40 and 42 alzheimer
40 and 43 's
41 mild 42 alzheimer
42 alzheimer 43 's
43 's 44 disease
44 disease 46 ad
45 ( 46 ad
46 ad 47 )

method : after piloting a large pool of items with a panel of ageing and dementia experts ( n = 6 [ )(, an item analysis yielded [a] [25] - item version of the adaps ( [α] = [.] 70 ) , comprising a normal ageing subscale ( α [=] [.] 68 [ )(and mild ad subscale ( α [=] [.] 74 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 after
2 : 10 with
3 after 4 piloting
4 piloting 7 pool
5 a 7 pool
6 large 7 pool
7 pool 8 of
8 of 9 items
10 with 12 panel
11 a 12 panel
12 panel 13 of
12 panel 20 =
13 of 15 and
14 ageing 15 and
15 and 17 experts
16 dementia 17 experts
18 ( 20 =
19 n 20 =
20 = 21 6
21 6 30 -
23 )(, 30 -
24 an 26 analysis
25 item 26 analysis
26 analysis 27 yielded
26 analysis 30 -
30 - 32 version
31 item 32 version
32 version 33 of
32 version 40 70
32 version 43 comprising
33 of 35 adaps
34 the 35 adaps
36 ( 40 70
38 = 40 70
40 70 41 )
42 , 43 comprising
43 comprising 47 subscale
44 a 47 subscale
45 normal 47 subscale
46 ageing 47 subscale
47 subscale 54 )(and
48 ( 54 )(and
49 α 52 68
49 α 54 )(and
54 )(and 57 subscale
54 )(and 59 α
54 )(and 64 .
55 mild 56 ad
56 ad 57 subscale
58 ( 59 α
59 α 62 74
59 α 63 )

participants from the general community ( n = 251 ) and aged care professionals ( n = 59 ) completed the adaps , knowledge of memory ageing questionnaire ( kmaq ) , and the alzheimer 's disease knowledge scale ( adks ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 participants 2 from
1 participants 11 and
2 from 5 community
3 the 5 community
4 general 5 community
5 community 8 =
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 251
8 = 10 )
11 and 14 professionals
11 and 17 =
11 and 20 completed
12 aged 13 care
13 care 14 professionals
15 ( 17 =
16 n 17 =
17 = 18 59
17 = 19 )
20 completed 22 adaps
21 the 22 adaps
22 adaps 24 knowledge
23 , 24 knowledge
24 knowledge 25 of
24 knowledge 31 )
25 of 30 kmaq
26 memory 27 ageing
27 ageing 28 questionnaire
28 questionnaire 30 kmaq
29 ( 30 kmaq
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 alzheimer
33 and 36 's
34 the 35 alzheimer
35 alzheimer 36 's
36 's 41 adks
37 disease 38 knowledge
38 knowledge 39 scale
39 scale 41 adks
40 ( 41 adks
41 adks 42 )

results : compared to matched controls , aged care professionals demonstrated greater accuracy of knowledge on the mild ad subscale ( p < [.] 05 ) , but not the normal ageing subscale ( p > [.] 05 [ )(of the adaps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 27 ,
2 : 43 .
3 compared 4 to
3 compared 27 ,
4 to 6 controls
5 matched 6 controls
6 controls 9 care
7 , 9 care
8 aged 9 care
9 care 10 professionals
9 care 11 demonstrated
9 care 26 )
10 professionals 11 demonstrated
11 demonstrated 13 accuracy
11 demonstrated 16 on
11 demonstrated 23 <
12 greater 13 accuracy
13 accuracy 14 of
14 of 15 knowledge
16 on 20 subscale
17 the 20 subscale
18 mild 19 ad
19 ad 20 subscale
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 25 05
27 , 29 not
28 but 29 not
29 not 33 subscale
30 the 33 subscale
31 normal 33 subscale
32 ageing 33 subscale
33 subscale 36 >
34 ( 36 >
35 p 36 >
36 > 38 05
38 05 40 )(of
40 )(of 42 adaps
41 the 42 adaps

the pattern of significant correlations between the adaps , kmaq , and adks supported the convergent validity of the adaps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 of
2 pattern 6 between
2 pattern 12 and
3 of 5 correlations
4 significant 5 correlations
6 between 10 kmaq
7 the 10 kmaq
8 adaps 10 kmaq
9 , 10 kmaq
10 kmaq 11 ,
12 and 13 adks
12 and 14 supported
14 supported 17 validity
15 the 17 validity
16 convergent 17 validity
17 validity 18 of
18 of 20 adaps
19 the 20 adaps

the most common misconceptions on the adaps indicated a tendency for participants to overgeneralise the cognitive effects of normal ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 misconceptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 misconceptions
3 common 4 misconceptions
4 misconceptions 5 on
4 misconceptions 8 indicated
5 on 7 adaps
6 the 7 adaps
8 indicated 10 tendency
8 indicated 13 to
9 a 10 tendency
10 tendency 11 for
11 for 12 participants
13 to 14 overgeneralise
14 overgeneralise 17 effects
15 the 17 effects
16 cognitive 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
18 of 20 ageing
19 normal 20 ageing

conclusion : this preliminary study introduces a new tool for assessing accuracy of knowledge of cognitive effects associated with normal ageing and mild ad , and may assist in identifying misconceptions of the ageing process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 introduces
2 : 36 .
3 this 4 preliminary
4 preliminary 5 study
5 study 6 introduces
6 introduces 9 tool
7 a 8 new
7 a 9 tool
8 new 9 tool
9 tool 10 for
9 tool 13 of
9 tool 15 of
10 for 11 assessing
11 assessing 12 accuracy
13 of 14 knowledge
15 of 17 effects
16 cognitive 17 effects
17 effects 26 and
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 26 and
19 with 22 and
20 normal 21 ageing
21 ageing 22 and
22 and 24 ad
22 and 25 ,
23 mild 24 ad
26 and 27 may
26 and 29 in
27 may 28 assist
29 in 30 identifying
30 identifying 31 misconceptions
31 misconceptions 32 of
32 of 35 process
33 the 35 process
34 ageing 35 process

guided by rigorous methodology and a life - course perspective , the goal of this research is to address a gap in current knowledge on whether , when , and how strongly intergenerational continuity of substance use exists when examining age - equivalent and developmentally specific stages of the life course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 guided 2 by
1 guided 11 ,
1 guided 13 goal
2 by 5 and
3 rigorous 4 methodology
4 methodology 5 and
5 and 7 life
5 and 10 perspective
6 a 7 life
8 - 10 perspective
9 course 10 perspective
10 perspective 11 ,
12 the 13 goal
13 goal 14 of
13 goal 17 is
14 of 16 research
15 this 16 research
17 is 18 to
17 is 25 on
18 to 19 address
19 address 21 gap
20 a 21 gap
21 gap 22 in
22 in 24 knowledge
23 current 24 knowledge
25 on 30 and
26 whether 27 ,
27 , 28 when
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 how
30 and 34 continuity
30 and 41 age
32 strongly 33 intergenerational
33 intergenerational 34 continuity
34 continuity 35 of
34 continuity 38 exists
35 of 37 use
36 substance 37 use
38 exists 39 when
39 when 40 examining
40 examining 41 age
42 - 47 stages
43 equivalent 44 and
44 and 46 specific
44 and 47 stages
45 developmentally 46 specific
47 stages 48 of
48 of 51 course
49 the 51 course
50 life 51 course

annual self - reported substance use measures were analyzed from a prospective , longitudinal , and nationally representative sample that originally consisted of 1,725 respondents and their families , who were then interviewed over a 27 [-] year period from 1977 to 2004 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 annual 2 self
3 - 4 reported
4 reported 5 substance
4 reported 34 over
5 substance 6 use
5 substance 9 analyzed
5 substance 10 from
6 use 7 measures
6 use 8 were
6 use 9 analyzed
7 measures 8 were
10 from 19 sample
11 a 19 sample
12 prospective 13 ,
12 prospective 19 sample
14 longitudinal 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 representative
16 and 19 sample
17 nationally 18 representative
19 sample 20 that
19 sample 22 consisted
20 that 22 consisted
21 originally 22 consisted
22 consisted 23 of
23 of 26 and
24 1,725 25 respondents
25 respondents 26 and
26 and 28 families
26 and 29 ,
26 and 30 who
26 and 31 were
27 their 28 families
30 who 31 were
31 were 32 then
31 were 33 interviewed
34 over 39 period
35 a 39 period
36 27 38 year
38 year 39 period
39 period 42 to
40 from 42 to
41 1977 42 to
42 to 43 2004

findings from multilevel random - [intercept] regression models provide support for intergenerational continuity when substance use occurs in emerging adulthood but not when limited to adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 findings 2 from
1 findings 9 provide
2 from 8 models
3 multilevel 7 regression
4 random 5 -
4 random 7 regression
7 regression 8 models
9 provide 10 support
10 support 11 for
11 for 13 continuity
12 intergenerational 13 continuity
13 continuity 14 when
13 continuity 24 limited
14 when 16 use
14 when 17 occurs
15 substance 16 use
16 use 17 occurs
17 occurs 18 in
18 in 19 emerging
19 emerging 21 but
20 adulthood 21 but
21 but 22 not
21 but 23 when
24 limited 25 to
25 to 26 adolescence

implications , limitations , and future research directions are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 implications 2 ,
2 , 3 limitations
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 8 directions
5 and 9 are
6 future 7 research
7 research 8 directions
9 are 10 discussed

background : the world health organization ( who ) recommends exclusive breastfeeding , defined as receiving only breastmilk , through the first 6 months of life to optimize survival , health , and development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 who
2 : 13 ,
3 the 8 who
4 world 5 health
5 health 6 organization
6 organization 8 who
7 ( 8 who
8 who 9 )
8 who 13 ,
10 recommends 12 breastfeeding
10 recommends 13 ,
11 exclusive 12 breastfeeding
13 , 14 defined
14 defined 15 as
14 defined 17 only
14 defined 18 breastmilk
15 as 16 receiving
18 breastmilk 20 through
19 , 20 through
20 through 33 and
20 through 35 .
21 the 22 first
21 the 23 6
23 6 24 months
24 months 25 of
24 months 30 ,
25 of 26 life
26 life 27 to
26 life 28 optimize
27 to 28 optimize
28 optimize 29 survival
30 , 31 health
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 development

objective : to assess exclusive and predominant breastfeeding rates , as defined by who , in a sample of guatemalan infants using three dietary assessment methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 defined
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 and
5 exclusive 6 and
6 and 7 predominant
6 and 8 breastfeeding
6 and 12 defined
8 breastfeeding 9 rates
9 rates 11 as
10 , 11 as
11 as 12 defined
12 defined 13 by
12 defined 16 in
13 by 14 who
15 , 16 in
16 in 18 sample
16 in 27 .
17 a 18 sample
18 sample 19 of
19 of 21 infants
20 guatemalan 21 infants
21 infants 22 using
22 using 26 methods
23 three 26 methods
24 dietary 25 assessment
25 assessment 26 methods

methods : mothers of 156 infants ( 78 boys and 78 girls ) in the 6th month of life , attending a public health center in quetzaltenango , an urban area located in the highlands of guatemala , were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 mothers
2 : 40 recruited
2 : 41 .
3 mothers 4 of
3 mothers 14 in
3 mothers 18 of
3 mothers 39 were
4 of 6 infants
5 156 6 infants
6 infants 10 and
7 ( 10 and
8 78 9 boys
9 boys 10 and
10 and 12 girls
10 and 13 )
11 78 12 girls
14 in 17 month
15 the 17 month
16 6th 17 month
18 of 19 life
19 life 21 attending
20 , 21 attending
21 attending 25 center
21 attending 38 ,
22 a 23 public
22 a 25 center
23 public 24 health
24 health 25 center
25 center 26 in
26 in 27 quetzaltenango
27 quetzaltenango 31 area
28 , 31 area
29 an 30 urban
29 an 31 area
30 urban 31 area
31 area 32 located
31 area 33 in
31 area 38 ,
33 in 35 highlands
34 the 35 highlands
35 highlands 36 of
36 of 37 guatemala
39 were 40 recruited

a single face - to - face interview was performed to assess infant dietary intake using three methods : previous day [dietary] recall ( as [suggested] by who ) , current feeding practices , and recall of feeding practices since birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assess
1 a 2 single
1 a 3 face
2 single 3 face
4 - 5 to
4 - 10 performed
5 to 6 -
7 face 8 interview
8 interview 9 was
9 was 10 performed
10 performed 11 to
11 to 12 assess
12 assess 15 intake
12 assess 19 :
13 infant 15 intake
14 dietary 15 intake
15 intake 16 using
15 intake 19 :
16 using 18 methods
17 three 18 methods
19 : 23 recall
20 previous 23 recall
21 day 23 recall
23 recall 25 as
23 recall 31 current
24 ( 25 as
25 as 27 by
25 as 29 )
27 by 28 who
30 , 31 current
31 current 32 feeding
31 current 39 practices
31 current 40 since
31 current 42 .
32 feeding 35 and
32 feeding 39 practices
33 practices 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 recall
35 and 37 of
37 of 38 feeding
40 since 41 birth

results : based on the previous day dietary recall method , exclusive breastfeeding was reported by 87 ( 56 % [ )(of the mothers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 based
3 based 4 on
4 on 10 method
5 the 6 previous
5 the 10 method
7 day 10 method
8 dietary 9 recall
9 recall 10 method
11 , 13 breastfeeding
11 , 15 reported
12 exclusive 13 breastfeeding
13 breastfeeding 14 was
14 was 15 reported
15 reported 16 by
16 by 17 87
17 87 20 %
18 ( 20 %
19 56 20 %
20 % 22 )(of
20 % 25 .
22 )(of 24 mothers
23 the 24 mothers

exclusive breastfeeding rates were much lower when estimated by current feeding practices questions ( 20 % ) and even lower when based on recall of feeding practices since birth ( 9 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 exclusive 3 rates
2 breastfeeding 3 rates
3 rates 18 and
4 were 6 lower
4 were 18 and
5 much 6 lower
6 lower 7 when
6 lower 9 by
7 when 8 estimated
9 by 13 questions
10 current 11 feeding
11 feeding 13 questions
12 practices 13 questions
13 questions 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 20 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 and 19 even
18 and 27 practices
19 even 20 lower
19 even 21 when
21 when 22 based
22 based 23 on
23 on 24 recall
24 recall 25 of
25 of 26 feeding
27 practices 28 since
28 since 29 birth
29 birth 32 %
30 ( 32 %
31 9 32 %
32 % 33 )

the sum of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding ( [full] breastfeeding ) rates was 58 % , 49 % , and 31 % based on previous day dietary recall , current feeding practices , and recall of feeding practices since birth , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
1 the 2 sum
2 sum 3 of
2 sum 7 breastfeeding
2 sum 12 rates
2 sum 13 was
3 of 5 and
4 exclusive 5 and
5 and 6 predominant
7 breastfeeding 10 breastfeeding
7 breastfeeding 12 rates
8 ( 10 breastfeeding
10 breastfeeding 11 )
13 was 15 %
14 58 15 %
15 % 18 %
16 , 18 %
17 49 18 %
18 % 19 ,
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 %
20 and 23 based
21 31 22 %
22 % 23 based
23 based 24 on
23 based 34 and
24 on 26 day
25 previous 26 day
27 dietary 28 recall
28 recall 29 ,
29 , 32 practices
29 , 34 and
30 current 32 practices
31 feeding 32 practices
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 recall
34 and 36 of
36 of 37 feeding
37 feeding 38 practices
37 feeding 42 respectively
38 practices 39 since
39 since 40 birth
41 , 42 respectively
42 respectively 43 .

conclusions : the who method of dietary assessment , based solely on the previous day dietary recall , overestimates the exclusive breastfeeding rate compared with recall of feeding practices since birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 who
3 the 4 who
4 who 5 method
4 who 19 overestimates
5 method 6 of
5 method 10 based
5 method 19 overestimates
6 of 8 assessment
7 dietary 8 assessment
9 , 10 based
10 based 11 solely
10 based 18 ,
11 solely 12 on
12 on 17 recall
13 the 14 previous
13 the 17 recall
15 day 17 recall
16 dietary 17 recall
19 overestimates 23 rate
19 overestimates 25 with
19 overestimates 30 since
20 the 23 rate
21 exclusive 23 rate
22 breastfeeding 23 rate
23 rate 24 compared
25 with 26 recall
26 recall 27 of
27 of 28 feeding
28 feeding 29 practices
30 since 31 birth

in our population sample [,] adherence to the who guidelines for feeding in the first semester of infancy was less than ideal [and] in need of strengthening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 semester
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 6 adherence
1 in 16 semester
2 our 6 adherence
3 population 4 sample
4 sample 6 adherence
6 adherence 7 to
6 adherence 11 for
7 to 10 guidelines
8 the 10 guidelines
9 who 10 guidelines
11 for 12 feeding
12 feeding 13 in
14 the 16 semester
15 first 16 semester
16 semester 17 of
16 semester 19 was
17 of 18 infancy
19 was 20 less
19 was 21 than
21 than 22 ideal
21 than 24 in
24 in 25 need
25 need 26 of
26 of 27 strengthening

none none purpose : with its population rapidly aging , china needs prompt action to facilitate the middle - aged and senior citizens ' utilization of health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 none 3 purpose
1 none 4 :
1 none 28 care
2 none 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 :
4 : 5 with
5 with 7 population
5 with 25 utilization
6 its 7 population
7 population 9 aging
7 population 11 china
8 rapidly 9 aging
10 , 11 china
11 china 12 needs
11 china 16 facilitate
11 china 19 -
12 needs 13 prompt
13 prompt 14 action
13 prompt 15 to
13 prompt 16 facilitate
15 to 16 facilitate
16 facilitate 18 middle
17 the 18 middle
20 aged 21 and
21 and 22 senior
21 and 23 citizens
23 citizens 24 '
24 ' 25 utilization
25 utilization 26 of
26 of 27 health

the new rural cooperative medical scheme ( ncms ) , a health care reform initiative started in 2003 , is currently china 's primary insurance program for the rural population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 scheme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 6 scheme
2 new 3 rural
3 rural 4 cooperative
4 cooperative 5 medical
5 medical 6 scheme
6 scheme 8 ncms
6 scheme 15 initiative
6 scheme 20 is
7 ( 8 ncms
8 ncms 9 )
10 , 15 initiative
11 a 15 initiative
12 health 15 initiative
13 care 14 reform
14 reform 15 initiative
15 initiative 16 started
15 initiative 19 ,
16 started 17 in
17 in 18 2003
20 is 21 currently
20 is 26 program
22 china 23 's
23 's 26 program
24 primary 26 program
25 insurance 26 program
26 program 27 for
27 for 30 population
28 the 30 population
29 rural 30 population

methods : with a 2 [-] province pilot sample ( gansu , the poorest province , and zhejiang , one of the richest ) of people over age 45 from the china health and retirement longitudinal study ( charls ) , this paper used logistic regressions to examine the association between the coverage of new rural cooperative medical scheme and the underutilization of medical care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 43 paper
2 : 66 .
3 with 9 sample
3 with 42 this
3 with 43 paper
4 a 9 sample
5 2 7 province
7 province 9 sample
8 pilot 9 sample
9 sample 17 and
10 ( 17 and
11 gansu 15 province
11 gansu 17 and
12 , 15 province
13 the 14 poorest
13 the 15 province
15 province 16 ,
17 and 18 zhejiang
17 and 30 from
17 and 41 ,
18 zhejiang 20 one
18 zhejiang 25 of
19 , 20 one
20 one 21 of
20 one 24 )
21 of 23 richest
22 the 23 richest
25 of 26 people
26 people 27 over
27 over 28 age
28 age 29 45
30 from 34 and
31 the 33 health
32 china 33 health
33 health 34 and
34 and 37 study
34 and 39 charls
35 retirement 36 longitudinal
36 longitudinal 37 study
38 ( 39 charls
39 charls 40 )
43 paper 46 regressions
44 used 45 logistic
45 logistic 46 regressions
46 regressions 47 to
46 regressions 48 examine
46 regressions 54 of
47 to 48 examine
48 examine 50 association
48 examine 51 between
49 the 50 association
51 between 53 coverage
52 the 53 coverage
54 of 60 and
55 new 56 rural
56 rural 57 cooperative
57 cooperative 58 medical
58 medical 59 scheme
59 scheme 60 and
60 and 62 underutilization
60 and 63 of
61 the 62 underutilization
63 of 65 care
64 medical 65 care

findings : among those who had a need to visit a health care provider during the previous month , people covered by ncms were more likely to underutilize outpatient care than the uninsured ( odds ratio = 5.610 , 2.035 - 15.466 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 36 ratio
2 : 37 =
2 : 44 .
3 among 4 those
3 among 36 ratio
4 those 5 who
4 those 19 ,
5 who 19 ,
6 had 8 need
6 had 19 ,
7 a 8 need
8 need 9 to
8 need 10 visit
9 to 10 visit
10 visit 14 provider
11 a 14 provider
12 health 13 care
13 care 14 provider
14 provider 15 during
15 during 18 month
16 the 18 month
17 previous 18 month
19 , 28 underutilize
20 people 21 covered
20 people 24 were
21 covered 22 by
22 by 23 ncms
24 were 26 likely
25 more 26 likely
26 likely 27 to
27 to 28 underutilize
28 underutilize 30 care
28 underutilize 31 than
29 outpatient 30 care
31 than 33 uninsured
32 the 33 uninsured
34 ( 35 odds
35 odds 36 ratio
36 ratio 37 =
37 = 38 5.610
37 = 41 -
39 , 41 -
40 2.035 41 -
41 - 42 15.466
41 - 43 )

as for those who had a need to be hospitalized in the past year , the association between ncms coverage and the underutilization of inpatient care was not statistically significant ( odds ratio = 1.907 , 0.335 - 10.862 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 as 8 to
1 as 27 was
1 as 33 ratio
2 for 3 those
2 for 8 to
3 those 4 who
3 those 5 had
4 who 5 had
5 had 7 need
6 a 7 need
8 to 9 be
8 to 27 was
9 be 10 hospitalized
10 hospitalized 11 in
11 in 21 and
12 the 14 year
13 past 14 year
14 year 15 ,
15 , 17 association
15 , 21 and
16 the 17 association
17 association 18 between
18 between 20 coverage
19 ncms 20 coverage
21 and 23 underutilization
21 and 24 of
22 the 23 underutilization
24 of 26 care
25 inpatient 26 care
27 was 28 not
27 was 30 significant
29 statistically 30 significant
31 ( 32 odds
32 odds 33 ratio
33 ratio 34 =
34 = 35 1.907
35 1.907 38 -
36 , 38 -
37 0.335 38 -
38 - 39 10.862
38 - 40 )

low total household expenditure per capita , living in the inland province of gansu , and being an urban resident were also associated with underutilizing outpatient care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 low 4 expenditure
2 total 3 household
3 household 4 expenditure
4 expenditure 5 per
4 expenditure 8 living
5 per 6 capita
7 , 8 living
8 living 9 in
8 living 15 ,
9 in 12 province
10 the 12 province
11 inland 12 province
12 province 13 of
13 of 14 gansu
16 and 17 being
16 and 23 associated
17 being 20 resident
17 being 21 were
18 an 19 urban
18 an 20 resident
19 urban 20 resident
21 were 22 also
21 were 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 25 underutilizing
25 underutilizing 27 care
26 outpatient 27 care

conclusion : further research is needed to understand the negative association between ncms coverage and outpatient care utilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 research
2 : 6 needed
3 further 4 research
4 research 5 is
5 is 6 needed
6 needed 7 to
7 to 8 understand
8 understand 11 association
8 understand 12 between
9 the 11 association
10 negative 11 association
12 between 15 and
13 ncms 14 coverage
14 coverage 15 and
15 and 18 utilization
16 outpatient 18 utilization
17 care 18 utilization

the majority of neural stem cells ( nscs ) in the adult brain are quiescent , and this fraction increases with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 10 in
2 majority 14 are
3 of 6 cells
4 neural 5 stem
5 stem 6 cells
6 cells 8 nscs
7 ( 8 nscs
8 nscs 9 )
10 in 13 brain
11 the 13 brain
12 adult 13 brain
14 are 15 quiescent
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 fraction
17 and 20 increases
18 this 19 fraction
19 fraction 20 increases
20 increases 21 with
21 with 22 aging

although signaling pathways that promote nsc quiescence have been identified , the transcriptional mechanisms involved are mostly unknown , largely due to lack of a cell culture model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 although 3 pathways
1 although 10 identified
1 although 11 ,
1 although 14 mechanisms
2 signaling 3 pathways
3 pathways 4 that
3 pathways 5 promote
3 pathways 8 have
4 that 5 promote
5 promote 7 quiescence
6 nsc 7 quiescence
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 identified
10 identified 11 ,
12 the 14 mechanisms
13 transcriptional 14 mechanisms
14 mechanisms 15 involved
14 mechanisms 16 are
16 are 17 mostly
16 are 19 ,
18 unknown 19 ,
19 , 20 largely
19 , 21 due
21 due 22 to
22 to 23 lack
23 lack 24 of
24 of 28 model
25 a 28 model
26 cell 28 model
27 culture 28 model

in this study , we first demonstrate that nsc cultures ( ns cells ) exposed to bmp4 acquire cellular and transcriptional characteristics of quiescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 7 demonstrate
6 first 7 demonstrate
7 demonstrate 8 that
8 that 9 nsc
8 that 18 acquire
9 nsc 10 cultures
9 nsc 15 exposed
9 nsc 18 acquire
10 cultures 13 cells
10 cultures 15 exposed
11 ( 13 cells
12 ns 13 cells
13 cells 14 )
15 exposed 16 to
16 to 17 bmp4
18 acquire 22 characteristics
19 cellular 20 and
20 and 21 transcriptional
20 and 22 characteristics
22 characteristics 23 of
23 of 25 cells
24 quiescent 25 cells

we then use epigenomic profiling to identify enhancers associated with the quiescent ns cell state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 3 use
2 then 3 use
3 use 5 profiling
3 use 6 to
3 use 7 identify
4 epigenomic 5 profiling
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 8 enhancers
8 enhancers 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 15 state
11 the 15 state
12 quiescent 15 state
13 ns 15 state
14 cell 15 state

motif enrichment analysis of these enhancers predicts a major role for the nuclear factor one ( nfi ) [family] in the gene regulatory network controlling ns cell quiescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 motif 3 analysis
2 enrichment 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 7 predicts
4 of 6 enhancers
5 these 6 enhancers
7 predicts 10 role
7 predicts 20 in
8 a 9 major
8 a 10 role
9 major 10 role
10 role 11 for
10 role 17 nfi
11 for 14 factor
12 the 14 factor
13 nuclear 14 factor
14 factor 15 one
16 ( 17 nfi
17 nfi 18 )
20 in 24 network
21 the 24 network
22 gene 24 network
23 regulatory 24 network
24 network 25 controlling
25 controlling 28 quiescence
26 ns 27 cell
27 cell 28 quiescence

interestingly , we found that the family member nfix is robustly induced when ns cells enter quiescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 9 nfix
5 that 12 induced
6 the 9 nfix
7 family 9 nfix
8 member 9 nfix
9 nfix 10 is
10 is 12 induced
11 robustly 12 induced
12 induced 13 when
13 when 15 cells
13 when 16 enter
14 ns 15 cells
15 cells 16 enter
16 enter 17 quiescence

using genome - wide location analysis and overexpression and silencing experiments , we demonstrate that nfix has a major role in the induction of quiescence in cultured nscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 using 2 genome
3 - 7 and
3 - 9 and
4 wide 6 analysis
5 location 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 and
7 and 8 overexpression
9 and 13 we
9 and 14 demonstrate
10 silencing 11 experiments
10 silencing 12 ,
10 silencing 13 we
13 we 14 demonstrate
14 demonstrate 15 that
15 that 16 nfix
15 that 17 has
16 nfix 17 has
17 has 20 role
18 a 20 role
19 major 20 role
20 role 21 in
21 in 23 induction
22 the 23 induction
23 induction 24 of
24 of 25 quiescence
25 quiescence 26 in
26 in 28 nscs
27 cultured 28 nscs

transcript profiling of ns cells overexpressing [or] silenced for nfix and the phenotypic analysis of the hippocampus of nfix mutant mice suggest that nfix controls the quiescent state by regulating the interactions of nscs with their microenvironment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 transcript 2 profiling
2 profiling 3 of
2 profiling 8 silenced
2 profiling 11 and
3 of 6 overexpressing
4 ns 5 cells
5 cells 6 overexpressing
8 silenced 9 for
9 for 10 nfix
11 and 14 analysis
12 the 14 analysis
13 phenotypic 14 analysis
14 analysis 15 of
15 of 17 hippocampus
16 the 17 hippocampus
17 hippocampus 18 of
17 hippocampus 21 mice
17 hippocampus 25 controls
18 of 19 nfix
20 mutant 21 mice
21 mice 22 suggest
22 suggest 23 that
23 that 24 nfix
23 that 25 controls
24 nfix 25 controls
25 controls 28 state
25 controls 29 by
26 the 28 state
27 quiescent 28 state
29 by 30 regulating
30 regulating 32 interactions
30 regulating 35 with
31 the 32 interactions
32 interactions 33 of
33 of 34 nscs
35 with 37 microenvironment
36 their 37 microenvironment

lysosomal enzymes function optimally at low ph ; as accumulation of waste material contributes to cell aging and disease , dysregulation of lysosomal ph may represent an early step in several pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 enzymes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 lysosomal 2 enzymes
2 enzymes 3 function
3 function 4 optimally
3 function 5 at
5 at 7 ph
6 low 7 ph
8 ; 13 material
8 ; 14 contributes
8 ; 20 ,
9 as 10 accumulation
9 as 13 material
10 accumulation 11 of
11 of 12 waste
13 material 14 contributes
14 contributes 15 to
15 to 18 and
16 cell 17 aging
17 aging 18 and
18 and 19 disease
20 , 21 dysregulation
20 , 26 represent
21 dysregulation 22 of
21 dysregulation 25 may
22 of 24 ph
23 lysosomal 24 ph
25 may 26 represent
26 represent 29 step
26 represent 30 in
27 an 29 step
28 early 29 step
30 in 32 pathologies
31 several 32 pathologies

here , we demonstrate that stimulation of the p2x7 receptor ( p2x7r ) for atp alkalinizes lysosomes in cultured human retinal pigmented epithelial ( rpe ) cells and [impairs] lysosomal function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 that
5 that 6 stimulation
5 that 16 alkalinizes
6 stimulation 7 of
6 stimulation 14 for
6 stimulation 16 alkalinizes
7 of 10 receptor
8 the 10 receptor
9 p2x7 10 receptor
10 receptor 12 p2x7r
11 ( 12 p2x7r
12 p2x7r 13 )
14 for 15 atp
16 alkalinizes 17 lysosomes
16 alkalinizes 18 in
18 in 28 and
19 cultured 20 human
20 human 27 cells
21 retinal 27 cells
22 pigmented 27 cells
23 epithelial 25 rpe
23 epithelial 27 cells
24 ( 25 rpe
25 rpe 26 )
27 cells 28 and
28 and 31 function
30 lysosomal 31 function

p2x7r stimulation did not kill rpe cells but alkalinized lysosomes by [0.3] u . receptor stimulation also elevated cytoplasmic ca ( 2+ ) ; ca ( 2+ ) [influx] was necessary but not sufficient for lysosomal alkalinization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 p2x7r 2 stimulation
2 stimulation 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 8 but
5 kill 7 cells
5 kill 8 but
6 rpe 7 cells
8 but 9 alkalinized
9 alkalinized 10 lysosomes
10 lysosomes 11 by
11 by 13 u
14 . 16 stimulation
14 . 18 elevated
14 . 24 ;
14 . 38 .
15 receptor 16 stimulation
16 stimulation 18 elevated
17 also 18 elevated
18 elevated 20 ca
19 cytoplasmic 20 ca
20 ca 22 2+
21 ( 22 2+
22 2+ 23 )
24 ; 25 ca
24 ; 30 was
25 ca 27 2+
25 ca 30 was
26 ( 27 2+
27 2+ 28 )
30 was 32 but
31 necessary 32 but
32 but 33 not
32 but 34 sufficient
33 not 34 sufficient
34 sufficient 35 for
35 for 37 alkalinization
36 lysosomal 37 alkalinization

p2x7r stimulation decreased access to the active site of cathepsin d . interestingly , lysosomal alkalinization was accompanied by a rise in lipid oxidation that was prevented by p2x7r antagonism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 p2x7r 2 stimulation
2 stimulation 3 decreased
3 decreased 4 access
3 decreased 5 to
5 to 8 site
6 the 8 site
7 active 8 site
8 site 9 of
9 of 10 cathepsin
10 cathepsin 11 d
12 . 16 alkalinization
12 . 18 accompanied
12 . 31 .
13 interestingly 14 ,
13 interestingly 16 alkalinization
15 lysosomal 16 alkalinization
16 alkalinization 17 was
17 was 18 accompanied
18 accompanied 19 by
18 accompanied 22 in
19 by 21 rise
20 a 21 rise
22 in 24 oxidation
23 lipid 24 oxidation
24 oxidation 25 that
24 oxidation 26 was
25 that 26 was
26 was 27 prevented
27 prevented 28 by
28 by 30 antagonism
29 p2x7r 30 antagonism

likewise , the autofluorescence of phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments increased by lysosomal alkalinization [was] restored 73 % by a p2x7r antagonist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 autofluorescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 restored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 4 autofluorescence
3 the 4 autofluorescence
4 autofluorescence 5 of
4 autofluorescence 15 restored
5 of 9 segments
6 phagocytosed 7 photoreceptor
7 photoreceptor 9 segments
8 outer 9 segments
9 segments 10 increased
10 increased 11 by
11 by 13 alkalinization
12 lysosomal 13 alkalinization
15 restored 17 %
15 restored 18 by
16 73 17 %
18 by 21 antagonist
19 a 21 antagonist
20 p2x7r 21 antagonist

together , this suggests that endogenous autostimulation of the p2x7r may oxidize lipids and impede clearance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 3 this
3 this 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 that
5 that 7 autostimulation
5 that 14 and
6 endogenous 7 autostimulation
7 autostimulation 8 of
8 of 10 p2x7r
9 the 10 p2x7r
11 may 12 oxidize
11 may 14 and
12 oxidize 13 lipids
14 and 15 impede
15 impede 16 clearance

the p2x7r was expressed on apical and basolateral membranes of mouse rpe ; mrna expression of p2x7r and extracellular atp marker ntpdase1 was raised in rpe tissue from the abca4 [(] [-] / [-] [ )(mouse model of stargardt 's retinal degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 p2x7r
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 p2x7r
2 p2x7r 3 was
3 was 4 expressed
4 expressed 5 on
5 on 9 membranes
6 apical 7 and
7 and 8 basolateral
7 and 9 membranes
9 membranes 10 of
10 of 12 rpe
11 mouse 12 rpe
13 ; 14 mrna
13 ; 18 and
14 mrna 15 expression
15 expression 16 of
16 of 17 p2x7r
18 and 22 ntpdase1
18 and 40 's
19 extracellular 21 marker
20 atp 21 marker
21 marker 22 ntpdase1
22 ntpdase1 23 was
23 was 24 raised
24 raised 25 in
25 in 26 rpe
27 tissue 28 from
27 tissue 33 /
27 tissue 38 of
27 tissue 40 's
28 from 30 abca4
29 the 30 abca4
33 / 37 model
36 )(mouse 37 model
38 of 39 stargardt
40 's 42 degeneration
41 retinal 42 degeneration

in summary , p2x7r stimulation raises lysosomal ph and [impedes] lysosomal function , suggesting a possible role for overstimulation in diseases of accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 raises
1 in 4 p2x7r
1 in 5 stimulation
2 summary 3 ,
2 summary 4 p2x7r
5 stimulation 6 raises
6 raises 9 and
7 lysosomal 8 ph
8 ph 9 and
9 and 12 function
9 and 14 suggesting
11 lysosomal 12 function
13 , 14 suggesting
14 suggesting 17 role
14 suggesting 20 in
14 suggesting 24 .
15 a 16 possible
15 a 17 role
16 possible 17 role
17 role 18 for
18 for 19 overstimulation
20 in 21 diseases
21 diseases 22 of
22 of 23 accumulation

neural stem cells ( nscs ) in the [ventricular] domain of the subventricular zone ( v - svz ) of rodents produce neurons throughout life while those in humans become largely inactive or may be lost during infancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neural
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 neurons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 neural 2 stem
1 neural 7 in
2 stem 3 cells
3 cells 5 nscs
4 ( 5 nscs
5 nscs 6 )
7 in 10 domain
8 the 10 domain
10 domain 11 of
11 of 14 zone
12 the 14 zone
13 subventricular 14 zone
14 zone 16 v
14 zone 18 svz
14 zone 20 of
15 ( 16 v
16 v 17 -
17 - 18 svz
18 svz 19 )
20 of 21 rodents
21 rodents 22 produce
21 rodents 23 neurons
22 produce 23 neurons
23 neurons 24 throughout
23 neurons 26 while
23 neurons 37 during
24 throughout 25 life
26 while 27 those
26 while 33 or
27 those 28 in
27 those 33 or
28 in 29 humans
30 become 32 inactive
30 become 33 or
31 largely 32 inactive
33 or 34 may
34 may 35 be
35 be 36 lost
37 during 38 infancy

most adult nscs [are] quiescent , express glial markers , [and] depend on notch signaling for their self - renewal and the generation of neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 most 9 markers
2 adult 9 markers
3 nscs 9 markers
5 quiescent 6 ,
5 quiescent 7 express
7 express 9 markers
8 glial 9 markers
10 , 12 depend
10 , 19 -
12 depend 13 on
13 on 14 notch
14 notch 15 signaling
15 signaling 16 for
16 for 18 self
17 their 18 self
19 - 21 and
20 renewal 21 and
21 and 23 generation
21 and 24 of
22 the 23 generation
24 of 25 neurons

using genetic markers and lineage tracing , we identified subpopulations of adult v - svz nscs ( type 1 , 2 [,] and 3 ) indicating a striking heterogeneity including activated , brain lipid binding protein ( blbp , fabp7 ) expressing stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
1 using 4 and
1 using 7 ,
1 using 8 we
2 genetic 3 markers
3 markers 4 and
4 and 5 lineage
4 and 6 tracing
8 we 32 ,
9 identified 10 subpopulations
9 identified 32 ,
10 subpopulations 11 of
10 subpopulations 26 indicating
11 of 12 adult
12 adult 13 v
12 adult 16 nscs
12 adult 23 and
14 - 16 nscs
15 svz 16 nscs
16 nscs 18 type
16 nscs 20 ,
17 ( 18 type
18 type 19 1
18 type 20 ,
20 , 23 and
21 2 23 and
23 and 24 3
23 and 25 )
26 indicating 29 heterogeneity
27 a 29 heterogeneity
28 striking 29 heterogeneity
29 heterogeneity 30 including
29 heterogeneity 31 activated
30 including 31 activated
32 , 33 brain
33 brain 36 protein
34 lipid 35 binding
35 binding 36 protein
36 protein 44 cells
37 ( 44 cells
38 blbp 40 fabp7
38 blbp 42 expressing
39 , 40 fabp7
40 fabp7 41 )
42 expressing 43 stem
43 stem 44 cells
44 cells 45 .

blbp [(] [+] ) nscs are mitotically active components of pinwheel structures in the lateral ventricle walls and persistently generate neurons in adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 blbp 4 )
1 blbp 5 nscs
5 nscs 6 are
6 are 9 components
7 mitotically 8 active
8 active 9 components
9 components 10 of
10 of 11 pinwheel
11 pinwheel 12 structures
11 pinwheel 18 and
12 structures 13 in
12 structures 18 and
13 in 16 ventricle
14 the 16 ventricle
15 lateral 16 ventricle
17 walls 18 and
18 and 20 generate
19 persistently 20 generate
20 generate 21 neurons
20 generate 22 in
22 in 23 adulthood

blbp ( [+] [ )(nscs express epidermal growth factor [(] egf ) receptor , proliferate in response to egf , and [are] a major clonogenic population in the svz . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 receptor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 blbp 11 egf
1 blbp 13 receptor
2 ( 11 egf
5 )(nscs 6 express
6 express 11 egf
7 epidermal 8 growth
8 growth 11 egf
9 factor 11 egf
11 egf 12 )
14 , 15 proliferate
15 proliferate 18 to
16 in 17 response
17 response 18 to
18 to 21 and
19 egf 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 26 population
21 and 27 in
23 a 24 major
23 a 26 population
24 major 26 population
25 clonogenic 26 population
27 in 29 svz
28 the 29 svz

we also find blbp expressed by proliferative [ventricular] and subventricular progenitors in the fetal and postnatal human brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 3 find
2 also 3 find
3 find 4 blbp
4 blbp 5 expressed
5 expressed 6 by
6 by 11 progenitors
7 proliferative 9 and
9 and 10 subventricular
9 and 11 progenitors
11 progenitors 12 in
12 in 18 brain
13 the 18 brain
14 fetal 15 and
15 and 16 postnatal
15 and 18 brain
17 human 18 brain

loss of blbp [(] [+] [ )(stem/progenitor cells correlates with reduced neurogenesis in aging rodents and postnatal humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 loss 2 of
1 loss 9 correlates
2 of 8 cells
3 blbp 8 cells
7 )(stem/progenitor 8 cells
9 correlates 10 with
10 with 16 and
11 reduced 12 neurogenesis
12 neurogenesis 13 in
12 neurogenesis 16 and
13 in 14 aging
14 aging 15 rodents
16 and 18 humans
17 postnatal 18 humans

these findings of molecular heterogeneity and proliferative differences subdivide the nsc population and have implications for neurogenesis in the forebrain of mammals during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 of
2 findings 13 and
3 of 6 and
4 molecular 5 heterogeneity
5 heterogeneity 6 and
6 and 8 differences
7 proliferative 8 differences
9 subdivide 12 population
9 subdivide 13 and
10 the 12 population
11 nsc 12 population
13 and 14 have
14 have 15 implications
14 have 16 for
14 have 18 in
14 have 23 during
16 for 17 neurogenesis
18 in 20 forebrain
19 the 20 forebrain
20 forebrain 21 of
21 of 22 mammals
23 during 24 aging

osteoporosis is [predominantly] a condition of the elderly with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 osteoporosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 osteoporosis 2 is
2 is 5 condition
2 is 9 with
2 is 13 in
2 is 18 to
4 a 5 condition
5 condition 6 of
6 of 8 elderly
7 the 8 elderly
9 with 12 increase
10 a 11 consequent
10 a 12 increase
11 consequent 12 increase
13 in 16 and
14 bone 15 fragility
15 fragility 16 and
16 and 17 susceptibility
18 to 19 fracture

a number of clinical as well as biological studies have been pivotal in providing us with an understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 9 studies
3 of 9 studies
4 clinical 9 studies
5 as 6 well
6 well 8 biological
7 as 8 biological
8 biological 9 studies
9 studies 10 have
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 pivotal
12 pivotal 13 in
13 in 14 providing
14 providing 15 us
14 providing 16 with
16 with 18 understanding
17 an 18 understanding
18 understanding 19 of
19 of 21 pathophysiology
20 the 21 pathophysiology
21 pathophysiology 22 of
22 of 24 condition
23 this 24 condition

this article discusses the current concepts of age - related osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 discusses
3 discusses 6 concepts
4 the 6 concepts
5 current 6 concepts
6 concepts 7 of
7 of 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 osteoporosis
10 related 12 .

we have investigated whether dietary fat modifies the postprandial oxidative stress in adipose tissue of elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
4 whether 6 fat
4 whether 7 modifies
5 dietary 6 fat
6 fat 7 modifies
7 modifies 11 stress
7 modifies 12 in
8 the 11 stress
9 postprandial 11 stress
10 oxidative 11 stress
12 in 14 tissue
13 adipose 14 tissue
14 tissue 15 of
15 of 17 people
16 elderly 17 people

twenty participants received three diets for 4 weeks each : sfa - rich diet , mediterranean ( med ) diet [enriched] in mufa with virgin olive oil , and a low - fat , high - carbohydrate diet enriched in n - 3 pufa ( α - linolenic acid from plant origin ) ( cho - pufa diet ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 twenty 2 participants
2 participants 3 received
3 received 5 diets
3 received 9 each
4 three 5 diets
5 diets 6 for
6 for 8 weeks
7 4 8 weeks
10 : 11 sfa
10 : 20 diet
11 sfa 14 diet
11 sfa 16 mediterranean
11 sfa 20 diet
12 - 14 diet
13 rich 14 diet
14 diet 15 ,
15 , 16 mediterranean
16 mediterranean 18 med
16 mediterranean 19 )
17 ( 18 med
18 med 19 )
20 diet 22 in
22 in 29 and
23 mufa 24 with
23 mufa 29 and
24 with 27 oil
25 virgin 27 oil
26 olive 27 oil
28 , 29 and
29 and 37 carbohydrate
29 and 38 diet
29 and 39 enriched
30 a 37 carbohydrate
31 low 32 -
31 low 37 carbohydrate
33 fat 34 ,
33 fat 37 carbohydrate
35 high 36 -
35 high 37 carbohydrate
38 diet 39 enriched
39 enriched 40 in
40 in 44 pufa
41 n 42 -
42 - 43 3
42 - 44 pufa
44 pufa 49 acid
44 pufa 55 cho
45 ( 49 acid
46 α 47 -
46 α 49 acid
48 linolenic 49 acid
49 acid 50 from
49 acid 53 )
50 from 52 origin
51 plant 52 origin
54 ( 55 cho
55 cho 58 diet
55 cho 60 .
56 - 58 diet
57 pufa 58 diet
58 diet 59 )

after 12 h of fasting , volunteers received a breakfast reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the preceding dietary period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 volunteers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 after 3 h
1 after 6 ,
1 after 7 volunteers
2 12 3 h
3 h 4 of
4 of 5 fasting
7 volunteers 8 received
8 received 10 breakfast
9 a 10 breakfast
10 breakfast 11 reflecting
10 breakfast 16 of
11 reflecting 15 composition
12 the 15 composition
13 fatty 15 composition
14 acid 15 composition
16 of 18 diet
17 the 18 diet
18 diet 19 ingested
19 ingested 20 in
20 in 24 period
21 the 24 period
22 preceding 24 period
23 dietary 24 period

med diet induced higher postprandial sod2 and trxr mrna levels , and cho - pufa diet induced higher gpx1 and trxr mrna levels compared with sfa - rich diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 diet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 med 3 induced
2 diet 3 induced
3 induced 6 sod2
4 higher 6 sod2
5 postprandial 6 sod2
6 sod2 7 and
7 and 10 levels
7 and 12 and
8 trxr 9 mrna
9 mrna 10 levels
11 , 12 and
12 and 21 trxr
12 and 22 mrna
12 and 23 levels
12 and 24 compared
12 and 29 diet
13 cho 15 pufa
14 - 15 pufa
15 pufa 17 induced
16 diet 17 induced
17 induced 21 trxr
18 higher 21 trxr
19 gpx1 20 and
20 and 21 trxr
22 mrna 23 levels
24 compared 25 with
24 compared 27 -
24 compared 28 rich
25 with 26 sfa

med and cho - pufa breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione ( gsh ) , and a greater postprandial gsh/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the sfa - rich diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 diet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 med 2 and
2 and 3 cho
2 and 19 and
3 cho 5 pufa
4 - 5 pufa
5 pufa 6 breakfasts
5 pufa 14 glutathione
5 pufa 16 gsh
5 pufa 18 ,
6 breakfasts 7 induced
6 breakfasts 10 increase
6 breakfasts 13 reduced
6 breakfasts 14 glutathione
8 a 10 increase
9 postprandial 10 increase
10 increase 11 in
10 increase 13 reduced
11 in 12 plasma
15 ( 16 gsh
16 gsh 17 )
19 and 25 ratio
19 and 26 compared
19 and 32 diet
20 a 25 ratio
21 greater 25 ratio
22 postprandial 25 ratio
23 gsh/oxidized 24 glutathione
24 glutathione 25 ratio
26 compared 27 to
26 compared 30 -
26 compared 31 rich
27 to 29 sfa
28 the 29 sfa

our study suggests that the consumption of med and cho - pufa diets may reduce postprandial oxidative stress compared to an sfa - rich diet , which may be due to higher antioxidant enzymes gene expression in adipose tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 9 and
4 that 25 diet
5 the 6 consumption
6 consumption 7 of
6 consumption 9 and
7 of 8 med
9 and 12 pufa
9 and 13 diets
9 and 15 reduce
9 and 25 diet
10 cho 12 pufa
11 - 12 pufa
13 diets 14 may
14 may 15 reduce
15 reduce 18 stress
16 postprandial 18 stress
17 oxidative 18 stress
18 stress 19 compared
19 compared 20 to
19 compared 23 -
19 compared 24 rich
20 to 22 sfa
21 an 22 sfa
26 , 27 which
26 , 29 be
27 which 28 may
28 may 29 be
29 be 31 to
29 be 37 in
30 due 31 to
31 to 36 expression
32 higher 33 antioxidant
33 antioxidant 36 expression
34 enzymes 36 expression
35 gene 36 expression
37 in 39 tissue
38 adipose 39 tissue

objective : our primary objective was to determine the long - term effects of physical activity ( pa ) and weight loss ( wl ) on body composition in overweight/obese older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 objective
2 : 6 was
3 our 5 objective
4 primary 5 objective
5 objective 6 was
6 was 7 to
7 to 20 and
8 determine 13 effects
8 determine 20 and
9 the 13 effects
10 long 11 -
10 long 12 term
12 term 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
14 of 16 activity
15 physical 16 activity
16 activity 18 pa
17 ( 18 pa
18 pa 19 )
20 and 21 weight
20 and 32 adults
21 weight 22 loss
21 weight 26 on
21 weight 29 in
22 loss 24 wl
23 ( 24 wl
24 wl 25 )
26 on 28 composition
27 body 28 composition
29 in 30 overweight/obese
31 older 32 adults

secondarily , the association between change in body mass [and] composition on change in several cardiometabolic risk factors and mobility was evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 secondarily 2 ,
1 secondarily 4 association
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 between
4 association 7 in
4 association 21 was
5 between 6 change
7 in 11 composition
8 body 11 composition
9 mass 11 composition
11 composition 12 on
11 composition 14 in
12 on 13 change
14 in 19 and
15 several 18 factors
16 cardiometabolic 18 factors
17 risk 18 factors
18 factors 19 and
19 and 20 mobility
21 was 22 evaluated

treatment groups included pa [+] wl ( n = 98 ) , pa - only [(] n = 97 ) , and a successful [aging] ( sa ) health education control ( n = 93 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 treatment 2 groups
2 groups 3 included
3 included 6 wl
4 pa 6 wl
6 wl 9 =
6 wl 22 and
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 98
9 = 11 )
12 , 22 and
13 pa 18 =
13 pa 22 and
14 - 15 only
14 - 18 =
17 n 18 =
18 = 19 97
18 = 20 )
21 , 22 and
22 and 31 control
22 and 34 =
22 and 36 )
23 a 24 successful
23 a 31 control
24 successful 27 sa
24 successful 28 )
24 successful 29 health
26 ( 27 sa
27 sa 28 )
29 health 31 control
30 education 31 control
32 ( 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 93
34 = 36 )

dxa - acquired body composition measures ( total body fat and lean mass ) , conventional biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk , and 400 - m walk time were obtained at baseline and 18 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 dxa 6 measures
1 dxa 22 and
2 - 6 measures
3 acquired 4 body
4 body 5 composition
5 composition 6 measures
6 measures 11 and
6 measures 17 biomarkers
6 measures 21 ,
7 ( 11 and
8 total 10 fat
9 body 10 fat
10 fat 11 and
11 and 13 mass
11 and 14 )
12 lean 13 mass
15 , 17 biomarkers
16 conventional 17 biomarkers
17 biomarkers 18 of
17 biomarkers 21 ,
18 of 20 risk
19 cardiometabolic 20 risk
22 and 27 time
22 and 28 were
23 400 24 -
24 - 25 m
24 - 27 time
26 walk 27 time
28 were 29 obtained
29 obtained 30 at
30 at 32 and
31 baseline 32 and
32 and 34 months
33 18 34 months

results [:] fat [mass] was significantly reduced from [(] x ± se [ )(36.5 ± 8.9 kg to 31.7 ± [9.0] kg in the pa [+] wl group ( p < 0.01 ) , but remained unchanged from baseline in [the] pa - only [(] - 0.8 ± [3.8] kg ) and sa ( - 0.0 ± [3.9] kg ) group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reduced
1 results 3 fat
1 results 5 was
1 results 7 reduced
3 fat 5 was
5 was 6 significantly
7 reduced 8 from
7 reduced 18 to
8 from 15 ±
10 x 15 ±
11 ± 15 ±
12 se 14 )(36.5
12 se 15 ±
16 8.9 17 kg
17 kg 18 to
18 to 22 kg
18 to 23 in
19 31.7 22 kg
20 ± 22 kg
23 in 25 pa
24 the 25 pa
25 pa 27 wl
25 pa 36 remained
25 pa 37 unchanged
27 wl 35 but
28 group 31 <
28 group 35 but
29 ( 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.01
31 < 33 )
34 , 35 but
35 but 36 remained
37 unchanged 38 from
37 unchanged 40 in
38 from 39 baseline
40 in 52 and
42 pa 50 kg
42 pa 52 and
43 - 44 only
43 - 50 kg
46 - 47 0.8
47 0.8 50 kg
48 ± 50 kg
50 kg 51 )
52 and 61 group
52 and 62 .
53 sa 59 kg
53 sa 61 group
54 ( 59 kg
55 - 56 0.0
56 0.0 59 kg
57 ± 59 kg
59 kg 60 )

fat mass loss was primarily responsible for wl - associated improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors , while [reduction] in body weight , regardless [of] compartment , was significantly associated with improved mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 fat 2 mass
2 mass 3 loss
3 loss 4 was
4 was 5 primarily
4 was 6 responsible
6 responsible 7 for
7 for 8 wl
9 - 26 ,
9 - 33 .
10 associated 11 improvements
10 associated 12 in
10 associated 26 ,
12 in 14 risk
13 cardiometabolic 14 risk
14 risk 15 factors
14 risk 25 compartment
15 factors 25 compartment
16 , 17 while
17 while 19 in
17 while 22 ,
17 while 25 compartment
19 in 21 weight
20 body 21 weight
23 regardless 25 compartment
26 , 27 was
27 was 29 associated
28 significantly 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 32 mobility
31 improved 32 mobility

conclusion : this 18 [-] month pa [+] wl program resulted in a significant reduction in percent body fat with a concomitant increase in percent body lean [mass] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 10 program
2 : 11 resulted
3 this 10 program
4 18 6 month
6 month 10 program
7 pa 9 wl
9 wl 10 program
10 program 11 resulted
11 resulted 12 in
11 resulted 16 in
11 resulted 20 with
11 resulted 24 in
12 in 15 reduction
13 a 15 reduction
14 significant 15 reduction
16 in 19 fat
17 percent 18 body
18 body 19 fat
20 with 23 increase
21 a 22 concomitant
21 a 23 increase
22 concomitant 23 increase
24 in 27 lean
25 percent 26 body
26 body 27 lean

shifts in body weight and composition were associated with favorable changes in clinical parameters of cardiometabolic risk and mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 shifts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 shifts 2 in
1 shifts 7 were
2 in 5 and
3 body 4 weight
4 weight 5 and
5 and 6 composition
7 were 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 12 in
9 with 11 changes
10 favorable 11 changes
12 in 14 parameters
13 clinical 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 cardiometabolic 17 risk
17 risk 18 and
18 and 19 mobility

moderate pa without wl had no effect on body composition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 moderate 2 pa
2 pa 3 without
2 pa 5 had
3 without 4 wl
5 had 7 effect
5 had 8 on
6 no 7 effect
8 on 10 composition
9 body 10 composition

purpose : in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) patients , rem sleep behavior disorder ( rbd ) might precede pd or develop [with] [or] after the onset of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 patients
2 : 22 or
2 : 31 .
3 in 6 disease
3 in 10 patients
4 parkinson 5 's
5 's 6 disease
7 ( 8 pd
8 pd 9 )
8 pd 10 patients
10 patients 15 disorder
10 patients 19 might
11 , 15 disorder
12 rem 14 behavior
13 sleep 14 behavior
14 behavior 15 disorder
15 disorder 17 rbd
15 disorder 18 )
16 ( 17 rbd
17 rbd 18 )
19 might 22 or
20 precede 21 pd
20 precede 22 or
22 or 23 develop
23 develop 26 after
26 after 28 onset
27 the 28 onset
28 onset 29 of
29 of 30 pd

no previous study has explored differences between these two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 no 3 study
2 previous 3 study
3 study 4 has
4 has 5 explored
5 explored 6 differences
5 explored 7 between
7 between 10 groups
8 these 9 two
9 two 10 groups

method : twenty - seven consecutive pd patients ( mean age 67.9 years ) were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 patients
2 : 16 enrolled
2 : 17 .
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 seven
4 - 8 patients
6 consecutive 8 patients
7 pd 8 patients
8 patients 13 years
8 patients 15 were
9 ( 13 years
10 mean 11 age
11 age 13 years
12 67.9 13 years
13 years 14 )
15 were 16 enrolled

detailed clinical , laboratory , and polysomnographic studies were obtained in all participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 laboratory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 detailed 4 laboratory
2 clinical 3 ,
2 clinical 4 laboratory
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 studies
6 and 10 obtained
7 polysomnographic 8 studies
8 studies 9 were
9 were 10 obtained
10 obtained 11 in
11 in 13 participants
12 all 13 participants

results : sixteen of the 27 patients were affected by rbd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 sixteen
2 : 9 affected
2 : 12 .
3 sixteen 4 of
3 sixteen 8 were
4 of 7 patients
5 the 6 27
6 27 7 patients
8 were 9 affected
9 affected 10 by
10 by 11 rbd

these had a significantly higher stage of pd and took significantly higher doses of dopaminergic therapy ; their disease duration tended to be longer , and their cognitive status tended to be lower . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 9 and
2 had 6 stage
2 had 9 and
3 a 6 stage
4 significantly 5 higher
5 higher 6 stage
6 stage 7 of
7 of 8 pd
9 and 10 took
10 took 13 doses
11 significantly 12 higher
12 higher 13 doses
13 doses 14 of
14 of 16 therapy
15 dopaminergic 16 therapy
17 ; 19 disease
17 ; 23 be
17 ; 26 and
18 their 19 disease
19 disease 20 duration
19 disease 22 to
19 disease 23 be
20 duration 21 tended
21 tended 22 to
23 be 24 longer
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 status
26 and 32 be
27 their 29 status
28 cognitive 29 status
29 status 31 to
29 status 32 be
30 tended 31 to
32 be 33 lower

pd patients in whom rbd preceded pd ( n = 6 ) did not differ from pd patients without rbd in disease parameters [,] while pd patients in [whom] rbd developed [with] [or] after pd ( n = 10 ) showed a significantly higher disease stage , [took] significantly higher dopaminergic therapy , and [had] a longer disease duration . 
1 pd 2 patients
2 patients 3 in
2 patients 10 =
2 patients 13 did
3 in 4 whom
3 in 5 rbd
3 in 6 preceded
5 rbd 6 preceded
6 preceded 7 pd
8 ( 10 =
9 n 10 =
10 = 11 6
10 = 12 )
13 did 14 not
13 did 15 differ
15 differ 16 from
15 differ 25 while
16 from 18 patients
17 pd 18 patients
18 patients 19 without
18 patients 21 in
19 without 20 rbd
21 in 23 parameters
22 disease 23 parameters
25 while 27 patients
25 while 31 developed
26 pd 27 patients
27 patients 28 in
27 patients 31 developed
28 in 30 rbd
31 developed 34 after
34 after 35 pd
34 after 41 showed
35 pd 38 =
35 pd 41 showed
36 ( 38 =
37 n 38 =
38 = 39 10
38 = 40 )
41 showed 45 disease
41 showed 46 stage
42 a 45 disease
43 significantly 44 higher
44 higher 45 disease
46 stage 54 and
47 , 49 significantly
47 , 54 and
50 higher 52 therapy
51 dopaminergic 52 therapy
52 therapy 54 and
53 , 54 and
54 and 59 duration
54 and 60 .
56 a 59 duration
57 longer 59 duration
58 disease 59 duration

background : few studies of older adults have compared environmental [correlates] of walking and physical activity in women who may be more influenced by the environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 9 compared
2 : 27 .
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 of
4 studies 8 have
5 of 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 have 9 compared
9 compared 14 and
10 environmental 12 of
10 environmental 14 and
12 of 13 walking
14 and 16 activity
14 and 17 in
14 and 19 who
14 and 20 may
15 physical 16 activity
17 in 18 women
19 who 20 may
20 may 21 be
21 be 22 more
21 be 23 influenced
23 influenced 24 by
24 by 26 environment
25 the 26 environment

environmental measures at different spatial levels have seldom been compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 environmental 2 measures
2 measures 3 at
2 measures 7 have
3 at 6 levels
4 different 6 levels
5 spatial 6 levels
7 have 9 been
8 seldom 9 been
9 been 10 compared

findings from previous studies are generally inconsistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 findings 2 from
1 findings 5 are
2 from 4 studies
3 previous 4 studies
5 are 6 generally
5 are 7 inconsistent

methods : this study investigated the relationship between the built environment and physical activity in older women from the women 's health initiative cohort in san diego county ( n = 5401 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 investigated
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 relationship
5 investigated 8 between
5 investigated 15 in
5 investigated 25 in
6 the 7 relationship
8 between 12 and
9 the 11 environment
10 built 11 environment
11 environment 12 and
12 and 14 activity
13 physical 14 activity
15 in 17 women
16 older 17 women
17 women 18 from
18 from 24 cohort
19 the 20 women
20 women 21 's
21 's 24 cohort
22 health 23 initiative
23 initiative 24 cohort
25 in 28 county
26 san 27 diego
27 diego 28 county
28 county 31 =
29 ( 31 =
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 5401
31 = 33 )

built environment measures were created for 3 buffers around participants ' residential address . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 built 2 environment
2 environment 3 measures
3 measures 4 were
4 were 5 created
5 created 6 for
5 created 9 around
6 for 8 buffers
7 3 8 buffers
9 around 13 address
10 participants 11 '
11 ' 13 address
12 residential 13 address

linear regression analyses investigated the relationship between the built environment features and self - reported physical activity and walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 linear 2 regression
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 relationship
4 investigated 7 between
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 12 and
8 the 11 features
9 built 10 environment
10 environment 11 features
11 features 12 and
12 and 13 self
12 and 14 -
12 and 18 and
15 reported 17 activity
15 reported 18 and
16 physical 17 activity
18 and 19 walking

results : total walking was significantly positively associated with the walkability index ( [β] = [.] 050 [:] [half] - mile buffer [ )( recreation facility density ( β [=] [.] [036] [:] 1 - mile buffer [ )(, and distance to the coast [(] β = - [.] 064 [;] [p] - values [<] [.] 05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 total
2 : 8 associated
3 total 4 walking
3 total 5 was
5 was 8 associated
6 significantly 8 associated
7 positively 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 12 index
10 the 12 index
11 walkability 12 index
12 index 20 -
13 ( 20 -
15 = 17 050
17 050 20 -
20 - 27 density
21 mile 22 buffer
22 buffer 26 facility
25 recreation 26 facility
26 facility 27 density
27 density 35 -
28 ( 35 -
29 β 34 1
29 β 35 -
35 - 40 and
36 mile 37 buffer
37 buffer 40 and
39 )(, 40 and
40 and 41 distance
40 and 42 to
40 and 50 064
42 to 44 coast
43 the 44 coast
44 coast 46 β
44 coast 47 =
46 β 47 =
48 - 50 064
50 064 54 values
50 064 59 .
53 - 54 values
54 values 57 05
54 values 58 )

total physical activity was significantly negatively associated [with] [distance] to the coast and positively with recreation facility density [(] β = . 036 : 1 - mile buffer ; p < . 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 total 3 activity
2 physical 3 activity
3 activity 4 was
4 was 5 significantly
4 was 7 associated
6 negatively 7 associated
7 associated 10 to
10 to 12 coast
11 the 12 coast
13 and 20 β
13 and 21 =
14 positively 20 β
15 with 18 density
15 with 20 β
16 recreation 18 density
17 facility 18 density
20 β 21 =
22 . 23 036
22 . 24 :
24 : 25 1
24 : 26 -
24 : 29 ;
24 : 32 .
25 1 26 -
26 - 28 buffer
27 mile 28 buffer
29 ; 30 p
29 ; 31 <
30 p 31 <
32 . 33 05
32 . 35 )(

conclusions : although effect sizes were small , we did find important relationships between walkability [and] walking in older adults , which supports recommendations for community design features to include age friendly elements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 although
2 : 7 small
3 although 5 sizes
3 although 6 were
4 effect 5 sizes
5 sizes 6 were
8 , 9 we
8 , 11 find
8 , 21 ,
9 we 10 did
10 did 11 find
11 find 13 relationships
11 find 17 walking
12 important 13 relationships
13 relationships 14 between
14 between 15 walkability
17 walking 18 in
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 supports
22 which 23 supports
23 supports 24 recommendations
23 supports 29 to
24 recommendations 25 for
25 for 28 features
26 community 27 design
27 design 28 features
29 to 30 include
30 include 33 elements
31 age 33 elements
32 friendly 33 elements

more intense physical activity may occur in recreational settings than neighborhood streets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 more 2 intense
2 intense 4 activity
3 physical 4 activity
4 activity 5 may
5 may 6 occur
6 occur 7 in
6 occur 10 than
7 in 9 settings
8 recreational 9 settings
10 than 12 streets
11 neighborhood 12 streets

the telomerase enzyme plays a critical role in human aging and cancer biology by maintaining telomere length and extending the proliferative lifespan of most stem cells and cancer cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 enzyme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 enzyme
2 telomerase 3 enzyme
3 enzyme 4 plays
4 plays 7 role
4 plays 8 in
4 plays 14 by
5 a 7 role
6 critical 7 role
8 in 11 and
9 human 10 aging
9 human 11 and
11 and 13 biology
12 cancer 13 biology
14 by 15 maintaining
15 maintaining 18 and
16 telomere 17 length
17 length 18 and
18 and 29 cells
19 extending 29 cells
20 the 22 lifespan
21 proliferative 22 lifespan
22 lifespan 23 of
22 lifespan 27 and
23 of 26 cells
24 most 26 cells
25 stem 26 cells
27 and 28 cancer
27 and 29 cells

despite the importance of this enzyme , our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate its activity and establish telomere length homeostasis in mammalian cells is incomplete , in part because the perfect repetitive nature of telomeric sequence hampers in situ detection of telomere elongation patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 is
1 despite 3 importance
1 despite 7 ,
1 despite 9 understanding
2 the 3 importance
3 importance 4 of
4 of 6 enzyme
5 this 6 enzyme
8 our 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
9 understanding 22 in
9 understanding 25 is
10 of 12 mechanisms
11 the 12 mechanisms
12 mechanisms 13 that
12 mechanisms 17 and
13 that 17 and
14 regulate 16 activity
14 regulate 17 and
15 its 16 activity
17 and 18 establish
18 establish 21 homeostasis
19 telomere 20 length
20 length 21 homeostasis
22 in 24 cells
23 mammalian 24 cells
25 is 26 incomplete
26 incomplete 30 because
27 , 29 part
27 , 30 because
28 in 29 part
30 because 34 nature
30 because 38 hampers
30 because 46 .
31 the 34 nature
32 perfect 34 nature
33 repetitive 34 nature
34 nature 35 of
34 nature 38 hampers
35 of 37 sequence
36 telomeric 37 sequence
38 hampers 40 situ
38 hampers 41 detection
39 in 40 situ
41 detection 42 of
42 of 45 patterns
43 telomere 45 patterns
44 elongation 45 patterns

here , we describe a novel assay using a mutant telomerase that adds a well - tolerated variant telomeric repeat sequence to telomere ends . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 7 assay
4 describe 8 using
5 a 6 novel
5 a 7 assay
6 novel 7 assay
8 using 11 telomerase
9 a 11 telomerase
10 mutant 11 telomerase
11 telomerase 12 that
11 telomerase 13 adds
12 that 13 adds
13 adds 15 well
14 a 15 well
16 - 21 sequence
16 - 24 ends
16 - 25 .
17 tolerated 20 repeat
18 variant 20 repeat
19 telomeric 20 repeat
20 repeat 21 sequence
21 sequence 22 to
21 sequence 23 telomere
21 sequence 24 ends
22 to 23 telomere

by specifically detecting the addition of these variant repeats , we can directly visualize telomere elongation events in human cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 visualize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 by 3 detecting
1 by 10 ,
1 by 11 we
2 specifically 3 detecting
3 detecting 5 addition
4 the 5 addition
5 addition 6 of
6 of 9 repeats
7 these 9 repeats
8 variant 9 repeats
11 we 12 can
12 can 14 visualize
13 directly 14 visualize
14 visualize 17 events
14 visualize 18 in
15 telomere 16 elongation
16 elongation 17 events
18 in 20 cells
19 human 20 cells

we validate this approach [by] in [situ] mapping of telomere elongation patterns within individual nuclei and across a population of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 validate
2 validate 4 approach
2 validate 6 in
3 this 4 approach
6 in 8 mapping
8 mapping 9 of
9 of 12 patterns
10 telomere 11 elongation
11 elongation 12 patterns
12 patterns 16 and
13 within 15 nuclei
13 within 16 and
14 individual 15 nuclei
16 and 17 across
17 across 19 population
18 a 19 population
19 population 20 of
20 of 21 cells

in the aging process , people are at increasing risk of visual abnormalities such as cataracts , glaucoma , age - related macular degeneration , and other retinal defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
1 in 4 process
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 people
2 the 4 process
3 aging 4 process
6 people 7 are
7 are 8 at
8 at 9 increasing
9 increasing 10 risk
9 increasing 15 as
10 risk 11 of
11 of 13 abnormalities
12 visual 13 abnormalities
14 such 15 as
15 as 16 cataracts
16 cataracts 18 glaucoma
17 , 18 glaucoma
18 glaucoma 20 age
18 glaucoma 21 -
19 , 20 age
20 age 21 -
21 - 22 related
22 related 26 and
22 related 30 .
23 macular 24 degeneration
24 degeneration 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 defects
27 other 29 defects
28 retinal 29 defects

this holds [true] for geriatric psychiatric patients as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 holds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 holds
2 holds 4 for
2 holds 8 as
4 for 7 patients
5 geriatric 7 patients
6 psychiatric 7 patients
8 as 9 well

these ophthalmic problems may increase risk [of] [falls] or increase the comorbidity from dementing processes and depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 3 problems
2 ophthalmic 3 problems
3 problems 9 or
4 may 5 increase
4 may 9 or
5 increase 6 risk
9 or 10 increase
10 increase 12 comorbidity
11 the 12 comorbidity
12 comorbidity 13 from
13 from 16 and
14 dementing 15 processes
15 processes 16 and
16 and 17 depression

geriatric patients presenting for psychiatric treatment may also be misdiagnosed or [under] [-] diagnosed as a result of these visual problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presenting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 geriatric 2 patients
2 patients 3 presenting
3 presenting 4 for
3 presenting 7 may
4 for 6 treatment
5 psychiatric 6 treatment
7 may 11 or
8 also 9 be
9 be 10 misdiagnosed
9 be 11 or
11 or 14 diagnosed
11 or 15 as
15 as 17 result
16 a 17 result
17 result 18 of
18 of 21 problems
19 these 21 problems
20 visual 21 problems

this quality assurance review of 25 consecutive geriatric psychiatric inpatients demonstrated discrepancies between chart documentation and actual ophthalmologic pathology present in the patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 4 review
2 quality 4 review
3 assurance 4 review
4 review 5 of
4 review 11 demonstrated
5 of 10 inpatients
6 25 10 inpatients
7 consecutive 10 inpatients
8 geriatric 10 inpatients
9 psychiatric 10 inpatients
11 demonstrated 12 discrepancies
11 demonstrated 13 between
11 demonstrated 21 in
13 between 16 and
14 chart 15 documentation
15 documentation 16 and
16 and 20 present
17 actual 19 pathology
18 ophthalmologic 19 pathology
19 pathology 20 present
21 in 23 patients
22 the 23 patients

doing [a] simple but complete ophthalmologic screening as part of the general physical examination on admission to an inpatient psychiatric unit can identify those patients who will need more in depth examination of their eyes and promote more accurate differential diagnoses for the patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 doing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 doing 7 screening
1 doing 8 as
1 doing 15 on
1 doing 22 can
3 simple 4 but
4 but 5 complete
4 but 7 screening
6 ophthalmologic 7 screening
8 as 14 examination
9 part 10 of
9 part 14 examination
10 of 14 examination
11 the 14 examination
12 general 14 examination
13 physical 14 examination
15 on 16 admission
16 admission 17 to
17 to 21 unit
18 an 21 unit
19 inpatient 21 unit
20 psychiatric 21 unit
22 can 23 identify
23 identify 25 patients
24 those 25 patients
25 patients 26 who
25 patients 27 will
26 who 27 will
27 will 36 and
28 need 29 more
28 need 30 in
28 need 36 and
30 in 32 examination
31 depth 32 examination
32 examination 33 of
33 of 35 eyes
34 their 35 eyes
36 and 37 promote
37 promote 41 diagnoses
38 more 41 diagnoses
39 accurate 41 diagnoses
40 differential 41 diagnoses
41 diagnoses 42 for
42 for 44 patients
43 the 44 patients

poor oral health , including caries , tooth loss , and periodontitis , is ubiquitous worldwide , and is potentially treatable and preventable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 poor 3 health
2 oral 3 health
3 health 5 including
3 health 11 and
3 health 18 and
4 , 5 including
5 including 6 caries
5 including 7 ,
7 , 11 and
8 tooth 9 loss
9 loss 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 periodontitis
11 and 13 ,
14 is 15 ubiquitous
14 is 18 and
15 ubiquitous 16 worldwide
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 is
19 is 20 potentially
19 is 22 and
21 treatable 22 and
22 and 23 preventable

like adverse oral health conditions , alzheimer disease and related disorders are also very common among aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 like 4 health
1 like 9 and
2 adverse 4 health
3 oral 4 health
5 conditions 6 ,
6 , 8 disease
6 , 9 and
7 alzheimer 8 disease
9 and 11 disorders
9 and 12 are
10 related 11 disorders
12 are 13 also
12 are 15 common
14 very 15 common
15 common 16 among
16 among 17 aging
17 aging 18 populations

established risk factors for alzheimer disease include cerebrovascular disease and its vascular risk factors , many of which share associations with evidence of systemic inflammation also identified in periodontitis and other poor oral health states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 established 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 for
3 factors 10 and
4 for 9 disease
5 alzheimer 6 disease
6 disease 7 include
7 include 9 disease
8 cerebrovascular 9 disease
10 and 14 factors
11 its 14 factors
12 vascular 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
15 , 16 many
15 , 19 share
16 many 17 of
16 many 19 share
17 of 18 which
19 share 20 associations
19 share 21 with
19 share 28 in
21 with 22 evidence
22 evidence 23 of
22 evidence 27 identified
23 of 25 inflammation
24 systemic 25 inflammation
26 also 27 identified
28 in 30 and
29 periodontitis 30 and
30 and 35 states
31 other 35 states
32 poor 33 oral
33 oral 34 health
34 health 35 states

in this review , we present epidemiologic evidence of links between poor oral health and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment , and review plausible mechanisms linking these conditions , including evidence from compelling animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 23 and
6 present 8 evidence
6 present 11 between
6 present 23 and
7 epidemiologic 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 of
9 of 10 links
11 between 15 and
12 poor 14 health
13 oral 14 health
14 health 15 and
15 and 21 impairment
15 and 22 ,
16 both 18 and
17 prevalent 18 and
18 and 19 incident
18 and 21 impairment
20 cognitive 21 impairment
23 and 24 review
24 review 26 mechanisms
25 plausible 26 mechanisms
26 mechanisms 27 linking
26 mechanisms 31 including
27 linking 29 conditions
28 these 29 conditions
30 , 31 including
31 including 32 evidence
31 including 37 .
32 evidence 33 from
33 from 36 models
34 compelling 36 models
35 animal 36 models

considering that a large etiologic fraction of dementia remains unexplained , these studies argue for further multidisciplinary research between oral health conditions , including translational , epidemiologic , and possibly clinical treatment studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 considering 2 that
1 considering 11 ,
1 considering 13 studies
2 that 6 fraction
2 that 9 remains
3 a 4 large
3 a 6 fraction
4 large 6 fraction
5 etiologic 6 fraction
6 fraction 7 of
6 fraction 9 remains
7 of 8 dementia
9 remains 10 unexplained
12 these 13 studies
13 studies 14 argue
14 argue 15 for
14 argue 19 between
15 for 18 research
16 further 18 research
17 multidisciplinary 18 research
19 between 22 conditions
20 oral 22 conditions
21 health 22 conditions
23 , 24 including
23 , 33 studies
24 including 32 treatment
24 including 33 studies
25 translational 26 ,
25 translational 32 treatment
27 epidemiologic 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 possibly
29 and 31 clinical
29 and 32 treatment

aging of the brain is characterized by several neurochemical modifications involving structural proteins , neurotransmitters , neuropeptides and related receptors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 aging 2 of
1 aging 5 is
2 of 4 brain
3 the 4 brain
5 is 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 10 modifications
8 several 10 modifications
9 neurochemical 10 modifications
10 modifications 11 involving
11 involving 13 proteins
12 structural 13 proteins
14 , 18 and
15 neurotransmitters 16 ,
16 , 17 neuropeptides
16 , 18 and
18 and 20 receptors
19 related 20 receptors

alterations of neurochemical indices of synaptic function [are] indicators of age - related impairment of central functions , such as locomotion , memory and sensory performances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 alterations 2 of
1 alterations 22 ,
2 of 4 indices
3 neurochemical 4 indices
4 indices 5 of
5 of 9 indicators
6 synaptic 7 function
7 function 9 indicators
9 indicators 10 of
9 indicators 20 as
10 of 11 age
11 age 14 impairment
12 - 14 impairment
13 related 14 impairment
14 impairment 15 of
14 impairment 18 ,
15 of 17 functions
16 central 17 functions
19 such 20 as
20 as 21 locomotion
22 , 23 memory
22 , 24 and
24 and 26 performances
25 sensory 26 performances

several studies demonstrate that ionotropic gaba receptors , glutamate decarboxylase ( gad ) , and somatostatinergic subpopulations of gabaergic neurons are markedly decreased in experimental animal brains during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 7 receptors
4 that 5 ionotropic
5 ionotropic 7 receptors
6 gaba 7 receptors
7 receptors 10 decarboxylase
8 , 10 decarboxylase
9 glutamate 10 decarboxylase
10 decarboxylase 12 gad
10 decarboxylase 13 )
11 ( 12 gad
12 gad 13 )
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 subpopulations
15 and 23 decreased
16 somatostatinergic 17 subpopulations
17 subpopulations 18 of
17 subpopulations 21 are
18 of 20 neurons
19 gabaergic 20 neurons
21 are 23 decreased
22 markedly 23 decreased
23 decreased 24 in
23 decreased 28 during
24 in 27 brains
25 experimental 26 animal
26 animal 27 brains
28 during 29 aging

additionally , levels of several neuropeptides co - expressed with gad decrease during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 co
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
3 levels 7 co
4 of 6 neuropeptides
5 several 6 neuropeptides
7 co 9 expressed
8 - 9 expressed
9 expressed 10 with
9 expressed 13 during
9 expressed 15 .
10 with 12 decrease
11 gad 12 decrease
13 during 14 aging

thus , the age [-] related decline in cognitive functions could be attributable , at least [in] [part] , [to] decrements in gaba inhibitory neurotransmission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 7 decline
3 the 7 decline
4 age 6 related
6 related 7 decline
7 decline 8 in
7 decline 19 ,
8 in 10 functions
9 cognitive 10 functions
11 could 12 be
11 could 19 ,
12 be 13 attributable
14 , 16 least
14 , 19 ,
15 at 16 least
19 , 21 decrements
19 , 22 in
19 , 25 neurotransmission
22 in 23 gaba
24 inhibitory 25 neurotransmission

in this study , we showed that chronic supplementation of taurine to aged mice significantly ameliorated the age [-] dependent decline in spatial memory acquisition and retention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 showed
6 showed 9 supplementation
6 showed 16 ameliorated
7 that 8 chronic
8 chronic 9 supplementation
9 supplementation 10 of
9 supplementation 12 to
9 supplementation 16 ameliorated
10 of 11 taurine
12 to 14 mice
13 aged 14 mice
15 significantly 16 ameliorated
16 ameliorated 21 decline
16 ameliorated 22 in
17 the 21 decline
18 age 21 decline
20 dependent 21 decline
22 in 26 and
23 spatial 24 memory
24 memory 25 acquisition
25 acquisition 26 and
26 and 27 retention

we also demonstrated that concomitant with the amelioration in cognitive function [,] taurine caused significant alterations in the gabaergic and somatostatinergic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 3 demonstrated
2 also 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
3 demonstrated 14 caused
4 that 5 concomitant
4 that 14 caused
5 concomitant 6 with
5 concomitant 9 in
6 with 8 amelioration
7 the 8 amelioration
9 in 13 taurine
10 cognitive 11 function
11 function 13 taurine
14 caused 16 alterations
14 caused 17 in
15 significant 16 alterations
17 in 20 and
18 the 19 gabaergic
19 gabaergic 20 and
20 and 22 system
21 somatostatinergic 22 system

these specific alterations of the inhibitory system caused by taurine treatment oppose those naturally occurring in the aging brain , suggesting a protective role of taurine in this process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 oppose
1 these 3 alterations
2 specific 3 alterations
3 alterations 4 of
3 alterations 12 oppose
4 of 7 system
5 the 7 system
6 inhibitory 7 system
7 system 8 caused
8 caused 9 by
9 by 11 treatment
10 taurine 11 treatment
12 oppose 13 those
12 oppose 16 in
13 those 15 occurring
14 naturally 15 occurring
16 in 19 brain
17 the 19 brain
18 aging 19 brain
19 brain 21 suggesting
20 , 21 suggesting
21 suggesting 24 role
21 suggesting 27 in
21 suggesting 30 .
22 a 23 protective
22 a 24 role
23 protective 24 role
24 role 25 of
25 of 26 taurine
27 in 29 process
28 this 29 process

an increased understanding of age - related neurochemical changes in the gabaergic system will be important in elucidating the underpinnings of the functional changes of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 an 3 understanding
2 increased 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 14 will
4 of 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 9 changes
7 related 14 will
8 neurochemical 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
10 in 13 system
11 the 13 system
12 gabaergic 13 system
14 will 15 be
15 be 16 important
16 important 17 in
17 in 18 elucidating
18 elucidating 20 underpinnings
19 the 20 underpinnings
20 underpinnings 21 of
20 underpinnings 25 of
21 of 24 changes
22 the 24 changes
23 functional 24 changes
25 of 26 aging

taurine supplementation might help forestall the age [-] related decline in cognitive functions through interaction with the gabaergic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 taurine 2 supplementation
2 supplementation 3 might
3 might 4 help
4 help 5 forestall
5 forestall 10 decline
5 forestall 11 in
5 forestall 14 through
5 forestall 16 with
6 the 10 decline
7 age 9 related
9 related 10 decline
11 in 13 functions
12 cognitive 13 functions
14 through 15 interaction
16 with 19 system
17 the 19 system
18 gabaergic 19 system

the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 11 has
3 of 7 cells
4 induced 5 pluripotent
5 pluripotent 7 cells
6 stem 7 cells
7 cells 9 ipscs
8 ( 9 ipscs
9 ipscs 10 )
11 has 13 potential
11 has 14 to
12 the 13 potential
14 to 15 revolutionize
15 revolutionize 17 field
16 the 17 field
17 field 18 of
18 of 20 medicine
19 regenerative 20 medicine

in the past few years , ipscs have been the subject of intensive research towards their application in disease modeling and drug screening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ipscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 5 years
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 ipscs
2 the 3 past
2 the 4 few
4 few 5 years
7 ipscs 8 have
8 have 9 been
9 been 11 subject
10 the 11 subject
11 subject 12 of
11 subject 18 in
12 of 14 research
13 intensive 14 research
14 research 15 towards
15 towards 17 application
16 their 17 application
18 in 21 and
19 disease 20 modeling
20 modeling 21 and
21 and 23 screening
22 drug 23 screening

in the future , these cells may be applied in cell therapy to replace or regenerate tissues by autologous transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 future
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 cells
2 the 3 future
5 these 6 cells
6 cells 15 or
7 may 8 be
7 may 15 or
8 be 9 applied
9 applied 10 in
10 in 12 therapy
11 cell 12 therapy
12 therapy 13 to
12 therapy 14 replace
13 to 14 replace
15 or 16 regenerate
16 regenerate 17 tissues
16 regenerate 18 by
18 by 20 transplantation
19 autologous 20 transplantation

however , two major hurdles need to be resolved in order to reach the later goal : the low reprogramming efficiency and the safety risks , such as the integration of foreign dna into the genome of the cells and the tumor formation potential arising from transplantation of residual undifferentiated cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hurdles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 risks
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 hurdles
3 two 5 hurdles
4 major 5 hurdles
5 hurdles 6 need
6 need 7 to
6 need 10 in
6 need 12 to
6 need 17 :
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 resolved
10 in 11 order
12 to 13 reach
13 reach 16 goal
14 the 16 goal
15 later 16 goal
17 : 19 low
18 the 19 low
19 low 20 reprogramming
19 low 25 risks
20 reprogramming 22 and
20 reprogramming 25 risks
21 efficiency 22 and
22 and 24 safety
23 the 24 safety
25 risks 28 as
26 , 28 as
27 such 28 as
28 as 40 and
28 as 52 .
29 the 30 integration
30 integration 31 of
30 integration 37 of
30 integration 40 and
31 of 33 dna
32 foreign 33 dna
33 dna 34 into
34 into 36 genome
35 the 36 genome
37 of 39 cells
38 the 39 cells
40 and 44 potential
41 the 44 potential
42 tumor 43 formation
43 formation 44 potential
44 potential 45 arising
44 potential 46 from
46 from 47 transplantation
47 transplantation 48 of
48 of 51 cells
49 residual 51 cells
50 undifferentiated 51 cells

recently , aging emerged as one of the barriers that accounts , at least [in] part , for the low reprogramming efficiency of bona fide ipscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 aging
3 aging 4 emerged
4 emerged 5 as
5 as 6 one
6 one 7 of
6 one 10 that
6 one 11 accounts
7 of 9 barriers
8 the 9 barriers
10 that 11 accounts
12 , 16 part
13 at 14 least
14 least 16 part
16 part 18 for
17 , 18 for
18 for 20 low
18 for 27 .
19 the 20 low
20 low 21 reprogramming
21 reprogramming 22 efficiency
22 efficiency 23 of
23 of 26 ipscs
24 bona 25 fide
25 fide 26 ipscs

here , we review the molecular pathways linking aging and reprogramming along with the unanswered questions in the field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 10 and
4 review 13 with
4 review 17 in
5 the 7 pathways
6 molecular 7 pathways
7 pathways 8 linking
7 pathways 10 and
8 linking 9 aging
10 and 11 reprogramming
12 along 13 with
13 with 16 questions
14 the 16 questions
15 unanswered 16 questions
17 in 19 field
18 the 19 field

we discuss whether reprogramming rejuvenates the molecular and cellular features associated with age , and present the recent advances with ipsc - based models , contributing to our understanding of physiological and premature aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 3 whether
3 whether 4 reprogramming
3 whether 5 rejuvenates
4 reprogramming 5 rejuvenates
5 rejuvenates 7 molecular
6 the 7 molecular
8 and 10 features
8 and 15 and
9 cellular 10 features
10 features 15 and
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 15 and
12 with 13 age
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 present
16 present 19 advances
17 the 19 advances
18 recent 19 advances
19 advances 20 with
19 advances 26 contributing
20 with 21 ipsc
21 ipsc 24 models
22 - 24 models
23 based 24 models
24 models 25 ,
26 contributing 27 to
27 to 29 understanding
28 our 29 understanding
29 understanding 30 of
30 of 34 aging
31 physiological 32 and
32 and 33 premature
32 and 34 aging

the retinal vasculature supplies cells of the inner and middle layers of the retina with oxygen and nutrients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vasculature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supplies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 vasculature
2 retinal 3 vasculature
3 vasculature 4 supplies
4 supplies 5 cells
4 supplies 15 with
5 cells 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 the 8 inner
8 inner 9 and
9 and 11 layers
9 and 12 of
10 middle 11 layers
12 of 14 retina
13 the 14 retina
15 with 17 and
16 oxygen 17 and
17 and 18 nutrients

photic stimulation dilates retinal arterioles producing blood flow increases , a response termed functional hyperemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dilates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 photic 2 stimulation
2 stimulation 3 dilates
3 dilates 5 arterioles
4 retinal 5 arterioles
5 arterioles 6 producing
6 producing 9 increases
7 blood 9 increases
8 flow 9 increases
10 , 12 response
10 , 13 termed
11 a 12 response
12 response 13 termed
13 termed 15 hyperemia
14 functional 15 hyperemia

despite recent advances , the neurovascular coupling mechanisms mediating the functional hyperemia response in the retina remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 despite 3 advances
1 despite 4 ,
1 despite 8 mechanisms
2 recent 3 advances
5 the 8 mechanisms
6 neurovascular 7 coupling
7 coupling 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 mediating
8 mechanisms 17 remain
9 mediating 13 response
9 mediating 14 in
10 the 13 response
11 functional 13 response
12 hyperemia 13 response
14 in 16 retina
15 the 16 retina
17 remain 18 unclear

in this review , the retinal functional hyperemia response is described , and the cellular mechanisms that may mediate the response are assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 9 response
2 this 3 review
5 the 9 response
6 retinal 9 response
7 functional 9 response
8 hyperemia 9 response
9 response 10 is
10 is 11 described
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 mechanisms
13 and 23 assessed
14 the 16 mechanisms
15 cellular 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 that
16 mechanisms 18 may
16 mechanisms 22 are
17 that 18 may
18 may 19 mediate
19 mediate 21 response
20 the 21 response
22 are 23 assessed

these neurovascular coupling mechanisms include neuronal stimulation of glial cells , leading to the release of vasoactive arachidonic acid metabolites onto blood vessels [,] release of potassium from glial cells onto vessels , and production and release of nitric oxide ( no ) , [lactate] , [and] adenosine from neurons and glia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 these 4 mechanisms
2 neurovascular 4 mechanisms
3 coupling 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 include
5 include 7 stimulation
6 neuronal 7 stimulation
7 stimulation 8 of
8 of 10 cells
9 glial 10 cells
11 , 12 leading
11 , 20 metabolites
12 leading 13 to
12 leading 20 metabolites
13 to 15 release
14 the 15 release
15 release 16 of
16 of 19 acid
17 vasoactive 19 acid
18 arachidonic 19 acid
20 metabolites 21 onto
20 metabolites 31 onto
21 onto 22 blood
22 blood 23 vessels
22 blood 25 release
22 blood 26 of
22 blood 28 from
23 vessels 25 release
26 of 27 potassium
28 from 30 cells
29 glial 30 cells
31 onto 36 and
32 vessels 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 production
34 and 36 and
36 and 37 release
36 and 44 ,
36 and 48 adenosine
37 release 38 of
38 of 40 oxide
39 nitric 40 oxide
40 oxide 42 no
41 ( 42 no
42 no 43 )
46 , 48 adenosine
48 adenosine 49 from
48 adenosine 53 .
49 from 51 and
50 neurons 51 and
51 and 52 glia
51 and 53 .

the modulation of neurovascular coupling by oxygen and no are described , and changes in functional hyperemia that occur with aging and in diabetic retinopathy , glaucoma , and other pathologies , are reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 modulation
2 modulation 3 of
2 modulation 8 and
3 of 5 coupling
4 neurovascular 5 coupling
5 coupling 6 by
6 by 7 oxygen
8 and 9 no
8 and 10 are
10 are 11 described
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 changes
13 and 34 reviewed
14 changes 15 in
14 changes 18 that
14 changes 19 occur
14 changes 33 are
15 in 17 hyperemia
16 functional 17 hyperemia
18 that 19 occur
19 occur 22 and
20 with 21 aging
20 with 22 and
22 and 23 in
23 in 25 retinopathy
24 diabetic 25 retinopathy
25 retinopathy 29 and
26 , 29 and
27 glaucoma 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 pathologies
29 and 32 ,
30 other 31 pathologies
33 are 34 reviewed

finally , outstanding questions concerning retinal blood flow in health and disease are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 questions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 questions
3 outstanding 4 questions
4 questions 5 concerning
4 questions 13 are
5 concerning 8 flow
5 concerning 9 in
6 retinal 7 blood
7 blood 8 flow
9 in 11 and
10 health 11 and
11 and 12 disease
13 are 14 discussed

background and purpose : age - related impairments in cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide ( cvrco2 ) are established risk factors for stroke that respond favorably to aerobic training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 :
4 : 5 age
6 - 8 impairments
6 - 29 respond
6 - 34 .
7 related 8 impairments
8 impairments 9 in
8 impairments 29 respond
9 in 11 blood
10 cerebral 11 blood
11 blood 13 and
11 blood 27 stroke
12 flow 13 and
13 and 15 reactivity
13 and 16 to
13 and 27 stroke
14 cerebrovascular 15 reactivity
16 to 17 carbon
17 carbon 18 dioxide
17 carbon 26 for
18 dioxide 20 cvrco2
18 dioxide 22 are
19 ( 20 cvrco2
20 cvrco2 21 )
22 are 25 factors
22 are 26 for
23 established 25 factors
24 risk 25 factors
27 stroke 28 that
29 respond 30 favorably
29 respond 31 to
31 to 33 training
32 aerobic 33 training

the present study examined to what extent cerebral hemodynamics are improved when training is sustained throughout the adult lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examined
3 study 5 to
3 study 11 improved
5 to 6 what
5 to 7 extent
5 to 9 hemodynamics
5 to 10 are
6 what 7 extent
8 cerebral 9 hemodynamics
9 hemodynamics 10 are
11 improved 12 when
12 when 13 training
12 when 15 sustained
13 training 14 is
14 is 15 sustained
15 sustained 16 throughout
15 sustained 19 lifespan
16 throughout 18 adult
17 the 18 adult

methods : eighty - one healthy males were prospectively assigned to 1 of 4 groups based on their age ( young , ≤30 years versus old , ≥60 years ) and lifetime physical activity levels ( trained , ≥150 minutes recreational aerobic activity/week versus sedentary , no activity ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 eighty
2 : 4 -
2 : 50 .
4 - 5 one
4 - 10 assigned
5 one 7 males
5 one 8 were
5 one 10 assigned
6 healthy 7 males
7 males 8 were
8 were 9 prospectively
10 assigned 11 to
10 assigned 31 and
11 to 12 1
12 1 13 of
13 of 14 4
15 groups 16 based
15 groups 31 and
16 based 17 on
17 on 19 age
18 their 19 age
19 age 24 years
20 ( 24 years
21 young 22 ,
21 young 23 ≤30
23 ≤30 24 years
24 years 25 versus
24 years 30 )
25 versus 29 years
26 old 27 ,
26 old 29 years
28 ≥60 29 years
31 and 35 levels
31 and 37 trained
31 and 43 activity/week
32 lifetime 35 levels
33 physical 34 activity
34 activity 35 levels
36 ( 37 trained
37 trained 38 ,
38 , 43 activity/week
39 ≥150 43 activity/week
40 minutes 43 activity/week
41 recreational 43 activity/week
42 aerobic 43 activity/week
43 activity/week 44 versus
43 activity/week 49 )
44 versus 48 activity
45 sedentary 46 ,
45 sedentary 48 activity
47 no 48 activity

middle cerebral artery blood velocity ( mcav , transcranial doppler ultrasound ) , mean arterial pressure ( map , finger photoplethysmography ) , and end - tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( petco2 , capnography ) were recorded during normocapnia and 3 mins of iso - oxic hypercapnea ( 5 % co2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 middle 5 velocity
1 middle 13 ,
2 cerebral 5 velocity
3 artery 5 velocity
4 blood 5 velocity
5 velocity 7 mcav
6 ( 7 mcav
7 mcav 11 ultrasound
7 mcav 12 )
8 , 11 ultrasound
9 transcranial 11 ultrasound
10 doppler 11 ultrasound
11 ultrasound 12 )
13 , 14 mean
14 mean 16 pressure
14 mean 39 recorded
15 arterial 16 pressure
16 pressure 24 and
16 pressure 38 were
17 ( 24 and
18 map 21 photoplethysmography
18 map 24 and
19 , 21 photoplethysmography
20 finger 21 photoplethysmography
21 photoplethysmography 22 )
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 end
24 and 29 pressure
24 and 36 capnography
24 and 37 )
26 - 29 pressure
27 tidal 29 pressure
28 partial 29 pressure
29 pressure 30 of
29 pressure 35 ,
30 of 32 dioxide
31 carbon 32 dioxide
32 dioxide 34 petco2
33 ( 34 petco2
34 petco2 35 ,
35 , 36 capnography
36 capnography 37 )
38 were 39 recorded
39 recorded 40 during
40 during 42 and
41 normocapnia 42 and
42 and 44 mins
42 and 53 co2
43 3 44 mins
44 mins 45 of
45 of 49 hypercapnea
46 iso 47 -
46 iso 49 hypercapnea
48 oxic 49 hypercapnea
50 ( 53 co2
51 5 53 co2
52 % 53 co2
53 co2 54 )

cerebrovascular resistance/conductance indices ( cvri/cvci ) were calculated as map/mcav and mcav/map , respectively [,] and cvrco2 as the percentage increase in mcav from baseline per millimeter of mercury [(] [mm] [hg] ) increase in petco2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 cerebrovascular 3 indices
2 resistance/conductance 3 indices
3 indices 5 cvri/cvci
3 indices 7 were
4 ( 5 cvri/cvci
5 cvri/cvci 6 )
7 were 8 calculated
8 calculated 9 as
9 as 10 map/mcav
11 and 16 and
11 and 34 increase
12 mcav/map 16 and
13 , 14 respectively
13 , 16 and
16 and 17 cvrco2
16 and 33 )
16 and 34 increase
17 cvrco2 18 as
18 as 21 increase
19 the 21 increase
20 percentage 21 increase
21 increase 22 in
21 increase 24 from
21 increase 28 of
22 in 23 mcav
24 from 25 baseline
25 baseline 26 per
26 per 27 millimeter
28 of 29 mercury
34 increase 35 in
35 in 36 petco2

maximal oxygen consumption ( o2max , online respiratory gas analysis ) was determined during cycling ergometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 maximal 3 consumption
2 oxygen 3 consumption
3 consumption 5 o2max
3 consumption 10 analysis
3 consumption 12 was
4 ( 5 o2max
5 o2max 6 ,
6 , 10 analysis
7 online 9 gas
8 respiratory 9 gas
9 gas 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 )
12 was 13 determined
13 determined 14 during
14 during 16 ergometry
15 cycling 16 ergometry

results : by design , older participants [were] active for longer ( 49±5 versus 6±4 years , p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 by
3 by 4 design
4 design 7 participants
5 , 7 participants
6 older 7 participants
7 participants 9 active
7 participants 13 49±5
7 participants 18 p<0.05
7 participants 19 )
9 active 10 for
10 for 11 longer
12 ( 13 49±5
13 49±5 14 versus
13 49±5 17 ,
14 versus 16 years
15 6±4 16 years
17 , 18 p<0.05
18 p<0.05 19 )

physical activity attenuated the age - related declines in o2max , mcav , cvci , and cvrco2 and increase in cvri ( p<0.05 [versus] [sedentary] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 physical 2 activity
2 activity 3 attenuated
3 attenuated 5 age
4 the 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 18 and
7 related 20 in
8 declines 9 in
8 declines 11 ,
9 in 10 o2max
11 , 12 mcav
11 , 16 and
12 mcav 14 cvci
13 , 14 cvci
14 cvci 15 ,
16 and 17 cvrco2
16 and 18 and
18 and 19 increase
20 in 21 cvri
21 cvri 23 p<0.05
22 ( 23 p<0.05
23 p<0.05 26 )

linear relationships were observed between o2max and both mcav and cvrco2 ( r=0.58 - 0.77 , p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 linear 2 relationships
2 relationships 3 were
3 were 4 observed
4 observed 5 between
5 between 10 and
6 o2max 7 and
7 and 9 mcav
7 and 10 and
8 both 9 mcav
10 and 11 cvrco2
11 cvrco2 13 r=0.58
12 ( 13 r=0.58
13 r=0.58 14 -
14 - 15 0.77
15 0.77 17 p<0.05
16 , 17 p<0.05
17 p<0.05 18 )

conclusions : these findings highlight the importance of maintaining aerobic fitness throughout the lifespan given its capacity to improve cerebral hemodynamics in later - life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 highlight
2 : 26 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 highlight
5 highlight 7 importance
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
8 of 9 maintaining
9 maintaining 11 fitness
9 maintaining 12 throughout
9 maintaining 22 in
10 aerobic 11 fitness
12 throughout 14 lifespan
13 the 14 lifespan
14 lifespan 15 given
15 given 17 capacity
16 its 17 capacity
17 capacity 18 to
17 capacity 19 improve
18 to 19 improve
19 improve 21 hemodynamics
20 cerebral 21 hemodynamics
22 in 25 life
23 later 24 -
23 later 25 life

although many studies have demonstrated decline in attention and executive function ( especially in inhibitory control ) in healthy aging and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , similar studies concerning mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are scarce . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 although 2 many
1 although 28 ,
1 although 30 studies
2 many 3 studies
2 many 6 decline
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 decline
6 decline 7 in
6 decline 18 in
7 in 9 and
8 attention 9 and
9 and 11 function
9 and 14 in
10 executive 11 function
12 ( 13 especially
12 ( 14 in
14 in 16 control
14 in 17 )
15 inhibitory 16 control
18 in 21 and
19 healthy 20 aging
19 healthy 21 and
21 and 24 disease
21 and 26 ad
22 alzheimer 23 's
23 's 24 disease
25 ( 26 ad
26 ad 27 )
29 similar 30 studies
30 studies 31 concerning
30 studies 38 are
31 concerning 34 impairment
32 mild 34 impairment
33 cognitive 34 impairment
34 impairment 36 mci
35 ( 36 mci
36 mci 37 )
38 are 39 scarce

in the present study , we evaluated how the cognitive decline associated with [amnestic] mci ( amci ) affects these processes , analyzing the n2 and p3 components [of] event - related potentials ( erps ) during the response ( [go] [ )(and inhibition [of] response ( nogo ) to different stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 how
8 how 11 decline
8 how 19 affects
9 the 11 decline
10 cognitive 11 decline
11 decline 12 associated
11 decline 17 amci
11 decline 19 affects
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 mci
16 ( 17 amci
17 amci 18 )
19 affects 21 processes
20 these 21 processes
22 , 23 analyzing
22 , 32 related
23 analyzing 26 and
23 analyzing 32 related
24 the 25 n2
25 n2 26 and
26 and 30 event
26 and 31 -
27 p3 28 components
28 components 30 event
32 related 33 potentials
32 related 37 during
32 related 50 to
33 potentials 35 erps
34 ( 35 erps
35 erps 36 )
37 during 43 )(and
38 the 39 response
39 response 43 )(and
40 ( 43 )(and
43 )(and 46 response
43 )(and 48 nogo
44 inhibition 46 response
47 ( 48 nogo
48 nogo 49 )
50 to 52 stimuli
51 different 52 stimuli

erps were analyzed in 63 healthy and 30 amci adults ( aged 50 to 87 years ) during performance of a go/nogo auditory - visual attention - distraction task . amci adults showed poorer execution ( longer response times and fewer correct responses ) and smaller go - n2 and nogo - n2 amplitudes than control adults , whereas p3 amplitudes and n2 and p3 latencies did not differ between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 erps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 73 .
1 erps 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 in
3 analyzed 18 during
4 in 10 adults
5 63 10 adults
6 healthy 7 and
7 and 9 amci
7 and 10 adults
8 30 9 amci
10 adults 12 aged
11 ( 12 aged
12 aged 13 50
12 aged 14 to
12 aged 17 )
14 to 16 years
15 87 16 years
18 during 19 performance
19 performance 20 of
20 of 29 task
21 a 29 task
22 go/nogo 29 task
23 auditory 26 attention
23 auditory 27 -
23 auditory 28 distraction
24 - 26 attention
25 visual 26 attention
26 attention 27 -
28 distraction 29 task
30 . 32 adults
31 amci 32 adults
32 adults 33 showed
33 showed 35 execution
33 showed 49 n2
33 showed 50 and
33 showed 59 whereas
33 showed 70 between
34 poorer 35 execution
35 execution 45 and
36 ( 45 and
37 longer 39 times
38 response 39 times
39 times 40 and
40 and 43 responses
40 and 44 )
40 and 45 and
41 fewer 43 responses
42 correct 43 responses
45 and 47 go
45 and 48 -
46 smaller 47 go
50 and 51 nogo
51 nogo 53 n2
52 - 53 n2
53 n2 54 amplitudes
53 n2 56 control
53 n2 58 ,
54 amplitudes 56 control
55 than 56 control
56 control 57 adults
59 whereas 62 and
59 whereas 69 differ
60 p3 61 amplitudes
60 p3 62 and
62 and 66 latencies
63 n2 64 and
64 and 65 p3
65 p3 66 latencies
66 latencies 67 did
67 did 68 not
67 did 69 differ
70 between 72 groups
71 the 72 groups

these results [show] that amci is associated with decline in executive [function] and stimuli evaluation in working memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 4 that
2 results 8 with
2 results 9 decline
4 that 5 amci
4 that 7 associated
5 amci 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
9 decline 10 in
9 decline 16 in
10 in 13 and
11 executive 13 and
13 and 15 evaluation
14 stimuli 15 evaluation
16 in 17 working
17 working 18 memory

background and objective : poor back endurance is a predictor of low back pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objective
4 : 7 endurance
4 : 8 is
4 : 15 .
5 poor 6 back
6 back 7 endurance
7 endurance 8 is
8 is 10 predictor
9 a 10 predictor
10 predictor 11 of
11 of 14 pain
12 low 13 back
13 back 14 pain

few studies have investigated back muscle fatigue in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 investigated
4 investigated 7 fatigue
4 investigated 8 in
5 back 7 fatigue
6 muscle 7 fatigue
8 in 10 people
9 older 10 people

the purpose of this study was to compare the back muscle fatigue by endurance time and perceived effort between young and older adults during dynamic exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 16 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 compare
6 was 16 and
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 12 fatigue
8 compare 13 by
9 the 12 fatigue
10 back 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 fatigue
13 by 15 time
14 endurance 15 time
16 and 17 perceived
16 and 19 between
16 and 24 during
17 perceived 18 effort
19 between 23 adults
20 young 21 and
21 and 22 older
21 and 23 adults
24 during 26 exercise
25 dynamic 26 exercise

method : sixteen [older] and 16 young adults , all healthy , participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 adults
2 : 13 participated
2 : 17 .
3 sixteen 5 and
5 and 6 16
5 and 8 adults
7 young 8 adults
8 adults 11 healthy
8 adults 13 participated
9 , 11 healthy
10 all 11 healthy
11 healthy 12 ,
13 participated 14 in
14 in 16 study
15 this 16 study

the subjects performed a fatiguing trunk extension - flexion exercise on a roman chair until exhaustion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 performed
3 performed 7 extension
4 a 7 extension
5 fatiguing 7 extension
6 trunk 7 extension
8 - 10 exercise
9 flexion 10 exercise
10 exercise 11 on
11 on 14 chair
12 a 13 roman
12 a 14 chair
13 roman 14 chair
14 chair 15 until
15 until 16 exhaustion

endurance time and perceived muscle fatigue ( borg cr - 10 scale ) were used as fatigue criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 endurance 2 time
2 time 3 and
3 and 6 fatigue
3 and 9 cr
3 and 14 were
4 perceived 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 fatigue
7 ( 9 cr
8 borg 9 cr
9 cr 11 10
9 cr 12 scale
9 cr 13 )
10 - 11 10
11 10 12 scale
14 were 15 used
15 used 16 as
16 as 18 criteria
17 fatigue 18 criteria

results : the older adults were significantly ( t<formula [>] _ { ( 30 ) }</formula > = - 2,073 [;] p = 0.039 ) more [resistant] to back muscle fatigue ( time in mean 133 ± 52 [s] ) than the young adults ( mean 97 ± 27 [s] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
2 : 5 adults
2 : 6 were
3 the 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 were
6 were 7 significantly
6 were 19 -
6 were 26 more
6 were 28 to
6 were 41 than
8 ( 19 -
9 t<formula 11 _
9 t<formula 18 =
9 t<formula 19 -
11 _ 16 }</formula
11 _ 17 >
11 _ 18 =
12 { 14 30
12 { 15 )
12 { 16 }</formula
13 ( 14 30
14 30 15 )
16 }</formula 17 >
19 - 20 2,073
19 - 25 )
20 2,073 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.039
23 = 25 )
28 to 29 back
29 back 31 fatigue
30 muscle 31 fatigue
31 fatigue 33 time
32 ( 33 time
33 time 34 in
33 time 40 )
34 in 37 ±
35 mean 37 ±
36 133 37 ±
37 ± 38 52
41 than 44 adults
42 the 44 adults
43 young 44 adults
44 adults 48 ±
45 ( 48 ±
46 mean 48 ±
47 97 48 ±
48 ± 49 27
48 ± 51 )

in general , both groups had the same perception of high - level fatigue during the exercise bout ( t<formula > _ { ( 29 [ )( > = 1.73 ; p=0.092 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 )(
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 5 groups
4 both 5 groups
5 groups 6 had
6 had 9 perception
6 had 15 during
7 the 8 same
8 same 9 perception
9 perception 10 of
10 of 14 fatigue
11 high 12 -
11 high 13 level
13 level 14 fatigue
15 during 18 bout
16 the 18 bout
17 exercise 18 bout
18 bout 29 =
19 ( 29 =
20 t<formula 21 >
21 > 22 _
22 _ 23 {
23 { 28 >
24 ( 28 >
25 29 28 >
28 > 29 =
29 = 30 1.73
29 = 31 ;
31 ; 32 p=0.092

conclusion : the older adults presented better back endurance than young adults during a dynamic trunk extension exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 5 adults
2 : 7 better
3 the 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 presented
5 adults 7 better
7 better 9 endurance
7 better 10 than
7 better 13 during
8 back 9 endurance
10 than 12 adults
11 young 12 adults
13 during 18 exercise
14 a 18 exercise
15 dynamic 17 extension
16 trunk 17 extension
17 extension 18 exercise

these results have implications for back endurance in the primary prevention of low back pain in both young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 have
3 have 4 implications
3 have 8 in
3 have 16 in
4 implications 5 for
5 for 7 endurance
6 back 7 endurance
8 in 11 prevention
9 the 11 prevention
10 primary 11 prevention
11 prevention 12 of
12 of 15 pain
13 low 15 pain
14 back 15 pain
16 in 21 adults
17 both 21 adults
18 young 19 and
19 and 20 older
19 and 21 adults

none background and aims : aging with comorbidities , obesity , and rapid recovery from operation may increase the need for laparoscopic cholecystectomy , but long - term use of statins may be associated with a decreased risk of gallstones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 none 4 aims
1 none 6 aging
1 none 25 but
2 background 3 and
3 and 4 aims
4 aims 5 :
5 : 6 aging
6 aging 7 with
6 aging 15 from
7 with 12 and
8 comorbidities 9 ,
9 , 10 obesity
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 recovery
13 rapid 14 recovery
15 from 16 operation
17 may 18 increase
17 may 25 but
18 increase 20 need
18 increase 21 for
19 the 20 need
21 for 23 cholecystectomy
22 laparoscopic 23 cholecystectomy
24 , 25 but
25 but 26 long
27 - 33 be
28 term 29 use
29 use 30 of
29 use 32 may
30 of 31 statins
32 may 33 be
33 be 34 associated
34 associated 35 with
35 with 38 risk
36 a 38 risk
37 decreased 38 risk
38 risk 39 of
39 of 40 gallstones

this population - based cohort study presents the changing rate and causative factors of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in finland during the era of statin use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 population
3 - 6 study
3 - 7 presents
4 based 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 study
6 study 7 presents
7 presents 11 and
7 presents 17 in
7 presents 19 during
8 the 10 rate
9 changing 10 rate
10 rate 11 and
11 and 13 factors
11 and 14 of
12 causative 13 factors
14 of 16 cholecystectomy
15 laparoscopic 16 cholecystectomy
17 in 18 finland
19 during 21 era
20 the 21 era
21 era 22 of
22 of 24 use
23 statin 24 use

materials and methods : age structure of the population , changes in body mass index [and] diabetes , and the number of all cholecystectomies in 1995 - 2009 were retrieved from the registers of national institute for health and welfare . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 age
5 age 6 structure
6 structure 7 of
7 of 9 population
8 the 9 population
10 , 11 changes
10 , 30 retrieved
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 22 of
11 changes 25 in
11 changes 29 were
12 in 19 and
13 body 14 mass
14 mass 15 index
15 index 17 diabetes
17 diabetes 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 number
20 the 21 number
22 of 24 cholecystectomies
23 all 24 cholecystectomies
25 in 27 -
26 1995 27 -
27 - 28 2009
29 were 30 retrieved
30 retrieved 31 from
30 retrieved 37 for
31 from 33 registers
32 the 33 registers
33 registers 34 of
34 of 36 institute
35 national 36 institute
37 for 40 welfare
38 health 39 and
39 and 40 welfare

additionally , these results were supplemented by a population [-] based retrospective cohort ( 1581 laparoscopic cholecystectomy ) in one community - based hospital area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 supplemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 results
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 were
5 were 6 supplemented
6 supplemented 7 by
6 supplemented 19 in
7 by 13 cohort
8 a 9 population
8 a 13 cohort
9 population 11 based
11 based 13 cohort
12 retrospective 13 cohort
13 cohort 17 cholecystectomy
14 ( 17 cholecystectomy
15 1581 17 cholecystectomy
16 laparoscopic 17 cholecystectomy
17 cholecystectomy 18 )
19 in 21 community
20 one 21 community
22 - 25 area
23 based 24 hospital
24 hospital 25 area

the risk factors for laparoscopic cholecystectomy , use of statins , and surgical outcome were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 for
3 factors 15 were
4 for 8 use
5 laparoscopic 8 use
6 cholecystectomy 7 ,
6 cholecystectomy 8 use
8 use 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 statins 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 outcome
13 surgical 14 outcome
15 were 16 analyzed

results : during the 15 years , 123,794 cholecystectomies were performed in finland , of which 94,740 ( 76.5 % ) were performed using laparoscopic technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 6 years
4 the 5 15
5 15 6 years
7 , 9 cholecystectomies
7 , 11 performed
7 , 14 ,
8 123,794 9 cholecystectomies
9 cholecystectomies 10 were
10 were 11 performed
11 performed 12 in
12 in 13 finland
14 , 17 94,740
14 , 23 performed
15 of 16 which
15 of 17 94,740
17 94,740 20 %
17 94,740 22 were
18 ( 20 %
19 76.5 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 were 23 performed
23 performed 24 using
24 using 26 technique
25 laparoscopic 26 technique

the median rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy varied between 110 and 140 operations [per] 100,000 inhabitants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 rate
2 median 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 7 varied
4 of 6 cholecystectomy
5 laparoscopic 6 cholecystectomy
7 varied 8 between
7 varied 15 inhabitants
8 between 12 operations
9 110 10 and
10 and 11 140
10 and 12 operations
14 100,000 15 inhabitants

in 1995 - 2009 , the annual number of cholecystectomies decreased from 8600 to 7500 , the number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies increased by 10 % , and the number of open cholecystectomies declined by 60 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 1995
1 in 27 and
2 1995 4 2009
3 - 4 2009
4 2009 5 ,
6 the 8 number
7 annual 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 27 and
9 of 10 cholecystectomies
10 cholecystectomies 11 decreased
10 cholecystectomies 12 from
10 cholecystectomies 18 number
12 from 14 to
13 8600 14 to
14 to 15 7500
16 , 18 number
17 the 18 number
18 number 19 of
18 number 22 increased
18 number 26 ,
19 of 21 cholecystectomies
20 laparoscopic 21 cholecystectomies
22 increased 23 by
23 by 25 %
24 10 25 %
27 and 29 number
27 and 30 of
27 and 33 declined
28 the 29 number
30 of 32 cholecystectomies
31 open 32 cholecystectomies
33 declined 34 by
34 by 36 %
35 60 36 %

use of statins increased more than fourfold during the 15 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 use 2 of
1 use 4 increased
2 of 3 statins
4 increased 7 fourfold
4 increased 8 during
5 more 6 than
6 than 7 fourfold
8 during 11 years
9 the 10 15
10 15 11 years

conclusions : the rates of all cholecystectomies decreased [despite] marked increase in laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 4 rates
2 : 11 increase
3 the 4 rates
4 rates 5 of
4 rates 11 increase
5 of 7 cholecystectomies
6 all 7 cholecystectomies
7 cholecystectomies 8 decreased
7 cholecystectomies 10 marked
11 increase 12 in
12 in 14 cholecystectomies
13 laparoscopic 14 cholecystectomies
14 cholecystectomies 15 performed

the increase in risk factors for gallstones in finland implied more [marked] increase in laparoscopic cholecystectomies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 implied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 10 implied
3 in 5 factors
4 risk 5 factors
5 factors 6 for
5 factors 8 in
6 for 7 gallstones
8 in 9 finland
10 implied 11 more
10 implied 13 increase
11 more 13 increase
13 increase 14 in
14 in 16 cholecystectomies
15 laparoscopic 16 cholecystectomies

the possible role of statins on gallstone disease is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 role
2 possible 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 9 is
4 of 5 statins
5 statins 6 on
6 on 8 disease
7 gallstone 8 disease
9 is 10 discussed

study design : narrative [overview] of the focus issue on cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( csm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 4 narrative
4 narrative 6 of
6 of 9 issue
7 the 9 issue
8 focus 9 issue
9 issue 10 on
10 on 13 myelopathy
11 cervical 13 myelopathy
12 spondylotic 13 myelopathy
13 myelopathy 15 csm
14 ( 15 csm
15 csm 16 )

objective : to provide an introduction to this special focus issue of spine [journal] that deals with csm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 provide
3 to 4 provide
4 provide 6 introduction
4 provide 7 to
4 provide 17 with
5 an 6 introduction
7 to 11 issue
8 this 11 issue
9 special 10 focus
10 focus 11 issue
11 issue 12 of
12 of 13 spine
13 spine 15 that
13 spine 16 deals
15 that 16 deals
17 with 18 csm

summary of background data : csm is a progressive spine disease and the leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 summary 2 of
2 of 3 background
3 background 4 data
5 : 6 csm
5 : 7 is
5 : 21 .
6 csm 7 is
7 is 19 dysfunction
7 is 20 worldwide
8 a 19 dysfunction
9 progressive 10 spine
10 spine 19 dysfunction
11 disease 12 and
12 and 15 cause
12 and 16 of
12 and 19 dysfunction
13 the 15 cause
14 leading 15 cause
16 of 18 cord
17 spinal 18 cord

the shift in population demographics in many parts of the world has motivated the development of this focus issue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shift
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 motivated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 shift
2 shift 3 in
2 shift 12 has
3 in 5 demographics
4 population 5 demographics
5 demographics 6 in
6 in 8 parts
7 many 8 parts
8 parts 9 of
9 of 11 world
10 the 11 world
12 has 13 motivated
13 motivated 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 19 issue
17 this 19 issue
18 focus 19 issue

with the overall aging of the population , we can predict that global health care systems will be confronted with an increase in patients presenting with degenerative spine changes and various stages of cervical myelopathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 presenting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 with 3 overall
1 with 8 ,
1 with 9 we
2 the 3 overall
3 overall 4 aging
3 overall 5 of
5 of 7 population
6 the 7 population
9 we 10 can
10 can 11 predict
11 predict 14 health
12 that 14 health
13 global 14 health
14 health 16 systems
14 health 25 presenting
15 care 16 systems
16 systems 17 will
17 will 18 be
18 be 19 confronted
19 confronted 20 with
20 with 22 increase
20 with 25 presenting
21 an 22 increase
22 increase 23 in
23 in 24 patients
25 presenting 26 with
26 with 30 and
27 degenerative 29 changes
28 spine 29 changes
29 changes 30 and
30 and 32 stages
31 various 32 stages
32 stages 33 of
33 of 35 myelopathy
34 cervical 35 myelopathy

methods : the articles in this issue vary in their methods - there are systematic reviews , narrative reviews , a study protocol , and 2 primary research articles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 articles
2 : 8 vary
2 : 12 -
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 articles
4 articles 5 in
4 articles 8 vary
5 in 7 issue
6 this 7 issue
8 vary 9 in
9 in 11 methods
10 their 11 methods
12 - 13 there
12 - 14 are
13 there 14 are
14 are 25 and
15 systematic 16 reviews
16 reviews 17 ,
17 , 19 reviews
17 , 20 ,
18 narrative 19 reviews
20 , 23 protocol
20 , 25 and
21 a 22 study
21 a 23 protocol
22 study 23 protocol
24 , 25 and
25 and 29 articles
26 2 29 articles
27 primary 28 research
28 research 29 articles

results : a summary of the findings of each article is provided as a table within this introduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 summary
2 : 12 provided
2 : 19 .
3 a 4 summary
4 summary 5 of
4 summary 11 is
5 of 7 findings
6 the 7 findings
7 findings 8 of
8 of 10 article
9 each 10 article
11 is 12 provided
12 provided 13 as
12 provided 16 within
13 as 15 table
14 a 15 table
16 within 18 introduction
17 this 18 introduction

conclusion : by way of this issue , we have summarized current knowledge gaps and limitations in the evidence to provide direction for future research and investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 of
3 by 4 way
4 way 5 of
5 of 7 issue
6 this 7 issue
8 , 9 we
8 , 11 summarized
9 we 10 have
10 have 11 summarized
11 summarized 15 and
11 summarized 17 in
11 summarized 20 to
12 current 14 gaps
13 knowledge 14 gaps
14 gaps 15 and
15 and 16 limitations
17 in 19 evidence
18 the 19 evidence
20 to 21 provide
21 provide 22 direction
21 provide 23 for
23 for 26 and
24 future 25 research
25 research 26 and
26 and 27 investigation

these include the need for a unified nomenclature for referring to csm , the need to specify the incidence of myelopathy and the prevalence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament , and the need to explore both the safety and efficacy of neuroprotective and neuroreparative pharmacological strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 33 and
2 include 36 to
3 the 4 need
4 need 5 for
4 need 9 for
4 need 33 and
5 for 8 nomenclature
6 a 8 nomenclature
7 unified 8 nomenclature
9 for 10 referring
10 referring 11 to
11 to 12 csm
12 csm 15 need
13 , 15 need
14 the 15 need
15 need 16 to
15 need 17 specify
15 need 20 of
15 need 32 ,
16 to 17 specify
17 specify 19 incidence
18 the 19 incidence
20 of 22 and
21 myelopathy 22 and
22 and 24 prevalence
22 and 32 ,
23 the 24 prevalence
24 prevalence 25 of
25 of 26 ossification
26 ossification 27 of
27 of 31 ligament
28 the 31 ligament
29 posterior 31 ligament
30 longitudinal 31 ligament
33 and 35 need
34 the 35 need
36 to 37 explore
37 explore 41 and
38 both 41 and
39 the 40 safety
40 safety 41 and
41 and 42 efficacy
41 and 43 of
43 of 45 and
44 neuroprotective 45 and
45 and 48 strategies
46 neuroreparative 48 strategies
47 pharmacological 48 strategies

further work is also required to optimize the management of patients with minimal symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 further 2 work
2 work 3 is
3 is 4 also
3 is 5 required
5 required 6 to
5 required 7 optimize
6 to 7 optimize
7 optimize 9 management
7 optimize 12 with
8 the 9 management
9 management 10 of
10 of 11 patients
12 with 14 symptoms
13 minimal 14 symptoms

none recent studies on development of visual working memory ( vwm ) [predominantly] focus on vwm capacity and spatial - based information filtering in vwm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 none 2 recent
1 none 3 studies
1 none 11 vwm
1 none 14 focus
2 recent 3 studies
3 studies 4 on
4 on 5 development
5 development 6 of
6 of 9 memory
7 visual 9 memory
8 working 9 memory
10 ( 11 vwm
11 vwm 12 )
14 focus 15 on
14 focus 18 and
15 on 16 vwm
17 capacity 18 and
18 and 22 information
18 and 23 filtering
19 spatial 20 -
19 spatial 22 information
21 based 22 information
23 filtering 24 in
24 in 25 vwm

here we explored another new aspect of vwm development : object - based encoding ( obe ) , which refers to the fact that even if one feature dimension is required to be selected into vwm , the other irrelevant dimensions are also extracted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 explored
3 explored 6 aspect
4 another 6 aspect
5 new 6 aspect
6 aspect 7 of
7 of 9 development
8 vwm 9 development
10 : 11 object
10 : 12 -
10 : 45 .
12 - 14 encoding
12 - 18 ,
13 based 14 encoding
14 encoding 16 obe
15 ( 16 obe
16 obe 17 )
18 , 19 which
18 , 20 refers
19 which 20 refers
20 refers 21 to
21 to 23 fact
22 the 23 fact
23 fact 24 that
24 that 25 even
24 that 41 dimensions
24 that 44 extracted
26 if 29 dimension
26 if 31 required
26 if 41 dimensions
27 one 29 dimension
28 feature 29 dimension
29 dimension 30 is
30 is 31 required
31 required 32 to
31 required 33 be
32 to 33 be
33 be 34 selected
35 into 36 vwm
35 into 37 ,
35 into 41 dimensions
38 the 39 other
39 other 41 dimensions
40 irrelevant 41 dimensions
41 dimensions 42 are
42 are 44 extracted
43 also 44 extracted

we explored the obe in children , young adults , and old adults , by probing an " irrelevant - change distracting effect " in which [a] change of stored irrelevant feature dramatically affects the performance of task - relevant features in a change - detection task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 we 2 explored
2 explored 4 obe
3 the 4 obe
4 obe 5 in
5 in 6 children
7 , 11 and
7 , 14 ,
8 young 9 adults
9 adults 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 adults
12 old 13 adults
14 , 22 distracting
15 by 16 probing
15 by 22 distracting
16 probing 21 change
17 an 18 "
17 an 21 change
19 irrelevant 20 -
19 irrelevant 21 change
22 distracting 23 effect
22 distracting 25 in
22 distracting 34 affects
23 effect 24 "
25 in 26 which
25 in 28 change
26 which 28 change
28 change 29 of
29 of 32 feature
30 stored 32 feature
31 irrelevant 32 feature
33 dramatically 34 affects
34 affects 36 performance
35 the 36 performance
36 performance 37 of
37 of 38 task
38 task 41 features
38 task 47 task
39 - 41 features
40 relevant 41 features
41 features 42 in
41 features 45 -
42 in 44 change
43 a 44 change
45 - 47 task
46 detection 47 task
47 task 48 .

participants were required to remember two or four simple colored shapes , while color was used as the relevant dimension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 required
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 required
3 required 4 to
3 required 5 remember
4 to 5 remember
5 remember 11 shapes
5 remember 13 while
6 two 7 or
7 or 8 four
7 or 11 shapes
9 simple 11 shapes
10 colored 11 shapes
12 , 13 while
13 while 14 color
13 while 16 used
13 while 21 .
14 color 15 was
15 was 16 used
16 used 17 as
17 as 20 dimension
18 the 20 dimension
19 relevant 20 dimension

we found that changes to irrelevant shapes led to a significant distracting effect across the three age groups in both load conditions ; however , children showed a greater degree of obe than did young and old adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 changes
3 that 17 age
4 changes 5 to
4 changes 14 across
4 changes 17 age
5 to 7 shapes
6 irrelevant 7 shapes
7 shapes 8 led
8 led 9 to
9 to 13 effect
10 a 13 effect
11 significant 13 effect
12 distracting 13 effect
14 across 16 three
15 the 16 three
17 age 18 groups
18 groups 19 in
19 in 22 conditions
20 both 22 conditions
21 load 22 conditions
23 ; 26 children
23 ; 27 showed
24 however 25 ,
24 however 26 children
26 children 27 showed
27 showed 32 obe
27 showed 33 than
28 a 30 degree
29 greater 30 degree
30 degree 31 of
30 degree 32 obe
31 of 32 obe
33 than 34 did
34 did 38 adults
35 young 36 and
36 and 37 old
36 and 38 adults

these results suggest that obe exists in vwm over the life span ( 6 - 67 years ) , yet continues to develop along with vwm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 19 ,
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 19 ,
4 that 5 obe
4 that 6 exists
5 obe 6 exists
6 exists 7 in
7 in 8 vwm
8 vwm 9 over
8 vwm 17 years
9 over 12 span
10 the 12 span
11 life 12 span
13 ( 17 years
14 6 15 -
15 - 16 67
15 - 17 years
17 years 18 )
19 , 21 continues
19 , 25 with
20 yet 21 continues
21 continues 22 to
21 continues 23 develop
22 to 23 develop
24 along 25 with
25 with 26 vwm

objective : spinal mobility is assessed frequently in patients with as/axial spa using the basmi to provide baseline measurement and monitor change over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 mobility
2 : 6 assessed
3 spinal 4 mobility
4 mobility 5 is
5 is 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 frequently
6 assessed 8 in
8 in 20 and
9 patients 10 with
9 patients 13 using
9 patients 20 and
10 with 12 spa
11 as/axial 12 spa
13 using 15 basmi
13 using 16 to
13 using 17 provide
14 the 15 basmi
16 to 17 provide
17 provide 19 measurement
18 baseline 19 measurement
20 and 22 change
21 monitor 22 change
22 change 23 over
23 over 24 time

the interpretation of basmi scores has been hindered by the absence of normative values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 hindered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 interpretation
2 interpretation 3 of
2 interpretation 6 has
3 of 5 scores
4 basmi 5 scores
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 hindered
8 hindered 9 by
9 by 11 absence
10 the 11 absence
11 absence 12 of
12 of 14 values
13 normative 14 values

we aimed to obtain normative values for the basmi in healthy men and women in a uk population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 obtain
3 to 4 obtain
4 obtain 6 values
4 obtain 10 in
4 obtain 15 in
5 normative 6 values
6 values 7 for
7 for 9 basmi
8 the 9 basmi
10 in 13 and
11 healthy 12 men
12 men 13 and
13 and 14 women
15 in 18 population
16 a 18 population
17 uk 18 population

methods : a cross - sectional study of 168 volunteers stratified by gender and age was completed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 7 study
5 - 17 completed
5 - 18 .
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 of
7 study 16 was
8 of 10 volunteers
9 168 10 volunteers
10 volunteers 11 stratified
10 volunteers 12 by
12 by 14 and
13 gender 14 and
14 and 15 age
16 was 17 completed

exclusion criteria comprised factors potentially influencing spinal mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 exclusion 2 criteria
2 criteria 3 comprised
3 comprised 4 factors
4 factors 6 influencing
5 potentially 6 influencing
6 influencing 8 mobility
7 spinal 8 mobility

each component of the basmi was assessed , with the total score computed using the 10 - point scoring system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 component
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 each 2 component
2 component 3 of
2 component 6 was
3 of 5 basmi
4 the 5 basmi
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 9 with
8 , 9 with
9 with 12 score
9 with 17 -
10 the 12 score
11 total 12 score
12 score 13 computed
13 computed 14 using
14 using 16 10
15 the 16 10
17 - 20 system
17 - 21 .
18 point 19 scoring
19 scoring 20 system

measurements were taken by physiotherapists following [an] [agreed] protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 measurements 2 were
2 were 3 taken
3 taken 4 by
4 by 5 physiotherapists
5 physiotherapists 6 following
6 following 9 protocol

data were summarized and analysed with age - specific centiles and cis calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 calculated
1 data 2 were
2 were 4 and
3 summarized 4 and
4 and 5 analysed
4 and 6 with
6 with 7 age
8 - 13 calculated
9 specific 10 centiles
10 centiles 11 and
11 and 12 cis
11 and 13 calculated
13 calculated 14 .

results : total basmi scores ranged from 0 to 4.4 , with only 1.2 % of the sample having a score of 0 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 scores
3 total 4 basmi
4 basmi 5 scores
5 scores 6 ranged
6 ranged 7 from
6 ranged 12 with
7 from 9 to
8 0 9 to
9 to 10 4.4
11 , 12 with
12 with 15 %
12 with 19 having
12 with 24 .
13 only 14 1.2
14 1.2 15 %
15 % 16 of
16 of 18 sample
17 the 18 sample
19 having 21 score
20 a 21 score
21 score 22 of
22 of 23 0

the estimated median score for an individual [age] 25 years was 0.9 , increasing with age to 2.1 for an individual age 65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
1 the 4 score
2 estimated 4 score
3 median 4 score
4 score 5 for
4 score 11 was
5 for 10 years
6 an 7 individual
6 an 10 years
7 individual 10 years
9 25 10 years
11 was 12 0.9
12 0.9 14 increasing
13 , 14 increasing
14 increasing 15 with
14 increasing 17 to
14 increasing 24 years
14 increasing 25 .
15 with 16 age
17 to 18 2.1
18 2.1 19 for
19 for 22 age
20 an 22 age
21 individual 22 age
23 65 24 years

there was a corresponding increase in component basmi scores , which was more pronounced for some components than others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 increase
3 a 4 corresponding
3 a 5 increase
4 corresponding 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
6 in 9 scores
7 component 9 scores
8 basmi 9 scores
10 , 11 which
10 , 14 pronounced
11 which 12 was
12 was 13 more
12 was 14 pronounced
14 pronounced 15 for
14 pronounced 18 than
15 for 17 components
16 some 17 components
18 than 19 others

conclusion : our data indicate that it is unusual for healthy individuals to score zero on the basmi , which has implications for the interpretation of scores , especially at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 indicate
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 7 it
6 that 8 is
7 it 8 is
8 is 9 unusual
9 unusual 10 for
9 unusual 13 to
9 unusual 14 score
10 for 12 individuals
11 healthy 12 individuals
13 to 14 score
14 score 15 zero
14 score 16 on
14 score 29 especially
16 on 18 basmi
17 the 18 basmi
18 basmi 20 which
19 , 20 which
20 which 21 has
20 which 28 ,
21 has 22 implications
22 implications 23 for
22 implications 26 of
23 for 25 interpretation
24 the 25 interpretation
26 of 27 scores
29 especially 30 at
30 at 31 baseline

the generation of normative values has the potential to inform clinical assessment of spinal mobility and assist patients in understanding how their spinal mobility compares with that of a healthy age - matched population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 generation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 generation
2 generation 3 of
2 generation 6 has
3 of 5 values
4 normative 5 values
6 has 8 potential
6 has 9 to
7 the 8 potential
9 to 16 and
10 inform 12 assessment
10 inform 16 and
11 clinical 12 assessment
12 assessment 13 of
13 of 15 mobility
14 spinal 15 mobility
16 and 17 assist
17 assist 18 patients
18 patients 19 in
18 patients 28 of
19 in 20 understanding
20 understanding 21 how
21 how 24 mobility
21 how 25 compares
22 their 24 mobility
23 spinal 24 mobility
24 mobility 25 compares
25 compares 26 with
26 with 27 that
28 of 31 age
29 a 30 healthy
29 a 31 age
30 healthy 31 age
32 - 34 population
33 matched 34 population

practitioners are encouraged to consider a shift in their philosophy regarding the manner in which interdisciplinary health care teams ask questions of seniors and their caregivers in the hospital discharge process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 practitioners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ask
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 practitioners 2 are
2 are 3 encouraged
3 encouraged 4 to
4 to 5 consider
5 consider 7 shift
5 consider 8 in
6 a 7 shift
8 in 10 philosophy
9 their 10 philosophy
10 philosophy 11 regarding
11 regarding 13 manner
12 the 13 manner
13 manner 14 in
14 in 15 which
14 in 17 health
14 in 18 care
14 in 20 ask
15 which 17 health
16 interdisciplinary 17 health
18 care 19 teams
20 ask 21 questions
20 ask 27 in
21 questions 22 of
22 of 24 and
23 seniors 24 and
24 and 26 caregivers
25 their 26 caregivers
27 in 31 process
28 the 31 process
29 hospital 31 process
30 discharge 31 process

by engaging with a discharge framework that encompasses a social - determinants - [of] - health lens , discharge planning teams can begin to systematically ask questions that move beyond the traditional medical focus on prescriptions , rehabilitation , and treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 by 2 engaging
1 by 18 ,
2 engaging 3 with
2 engaging 7 that
3 with 6 framework
4 a 5 discharge
4 a 6 framework
5 discharge 6 framework
8 encompasses 17 lens
8 encompasses 18 ,
9 a 10 social
9 a 17 lens
10 social 12 determinants
10 social 15 -
10 social 16 health
11 - 12 determinants
12 determinants 13 -
16 health 17 lens
18 , 23 begin
19 discharge 21 teams
20 planning 21 teams
21 teams 22 can
22 can 23 begin
23 begin 24 to
23 begin 26 ask
24 to 26 ask
25 systematically 26 ask
26 ask 27 questions
26 ask 30 beyond
26 ask 35 on
27 questions 28 that
27 questions 29 move
28 that 29 move
30 beyond 34 focus
31 the 34 focus
32 traditional 34 focus
33 medical 34 focus
35 on 36 prescriptions
37 , 40 and
38 rehabilitation 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 treatments

this approach may reveal strengths and also expose health and social inequities that seniors might face upon their arrival home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 approach
2 approach 3 may
3 may 6 and
4 reveal 5 strengths
4 reveal 6 and
6 and 8 expose
6 and 12 inequities
7 also 8 expose
8 expose 10 and
9 health 10 and
10 and 11 social
12 inequities 13 that
12 inequities 16 face
13 that 14 seniors
13 that 16 face
14 seniors 15 might
15 might 16 face
16 face 17 upon
16 face 20 home
17 upon 19 arrival
18 their 19 arrival

this information may open a gateway for connecting seniors to social and economic resources that will support them in remaining productive and healthy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 open
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 information
2 information 3 may
3 may 4 open
4 open 6 gateway
4 open 19 in
5 a 6 gateway
6 gateway 7 for
6 gateway 10 to
7 for 8 connecting
8 connecting 9 seniors
10 to 14 resources
11 social 12 and
12 and 13 economic
12 and 14 resources
14 resources 15 that
14 resources 16 will
15 that 16 will
16 will 17 support
17 support 18 them
19 in 20 remaining
20 remaining 22 and
21 productive 22 and
22 and 23 healthy

this study sought to determine [(] 1 [ )(if measures of social [position] are associated with frailty [;] ( 2 ) if any observed association between social position and frailty is a threshold or gradient effect [;] [and] ( 3 ) if any observed association is independent of possible confounders [.] 
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 determine
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 7 1
5 determine 9 )(if
9 )(if 10 measures
9 )(if 15 associated
10 measures 11 of
10 measures 14 are
11 of 12 social
14 are 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 22 if
16 with 17 frailty
17 frailty 20 2
19 ( 20 2
20 2 21 )
22 if 23 any
22 if 24 observed
23 any 24 observed
24 observed 25 association
24 observed 31 is
25 association 26 between
25 association 31 is
26 between 29 and
27 social 28 position
28 position 29 and
29 and 30 frailty
31 is 36 effect
31 is 42 if
32 a 33 threshold
33 threshold 34 or
34 or 35 gradient
34 or 36 effect
36 effect 40 3
39 ( 40 3
40 3 41 )
42 if 43 any
42 if 44 observed
43 any 44 observed
44 observed 45 association
44 observed 46 is
45 association 46 is
46 is 47 independent
47 independent 48 of
48 of 50 confounders
49 possible 50 confounders

data were drawn from a sample of 1,751 [community] - dwelling adults , aged 65 and older , living in the canadian province of manitoba in 1991 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 drawn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 drawn
3 drawn 4 from
3 drawn 20 in
3 drawn 26 in
4 from 16 and
5 a 6 sample
6 sample 7 of
6 sample 14 aged
6 sample 16 and
7 of 8 1,751
8 1,751 12 adults
10 - 12 adults
11 dwelling 12 adults
12 adults 13 ,
14 aged 15 65
16 and 19 living
17 older 18 ,
17 older 19 living
20 in 23 province
21 the 23 province
22 canadian 23 province
23 province 24 of
24 of 25 manitoba
26 in 27 1991

education , self [-] reported income adequacy , and self - reported income satisfaction were used as measures of social position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 position
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 education 2 ,
2 , 7 adequacy
2 , 9 and
3 self 5 reported
5 reported 7 adequacy
6 income 7 adequacy
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 self
9 and 11 -
9 and 14 satisfaction
9 and 19 of
9 and 21 position
12 reported 13 income
13 income 14 satisfaction
14 satisfaction 15 were
15 were 16 used
16 used 17 as
17 as 18 measures
18 measures 19 of
20 social 21 position

frailty was graded [based] on functional loss , cognition , and urinary incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 graded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 frailty 2 was
2 was 3 graded
3 graded 5 on
5 on 11 and
6 functional 7 loss
7 loss 8 ,
8 , 9 cognition
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 incontinence
12 urinary 13 incontinence

multivariate regression analyses revealed , after adjusting for possible confounding factors , that [all] measures [of] social position were strongly associated with frailty in a gradient , rather than a threshold , manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 multivariate 2 regression
3 analyses 4 revealed
4 revealed 6 after
5 , 6 after
6 after 7 adjusting
6 after 12 ,
7 adjusting 8 for
7 adjusting 11 factors
8 for 10 confounding
9 possible 10 confounding
12 , 18 position
12 , 21 associated
12 , 32 ,
13 that 18 position
15 measures 18 position
17 social 18 position
18 position 19 were
19 were 20 strongly
19 were 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 29 than
22 with 23 frailty
23 frailty 24 in
24 in 26 gradient
25 a 26 gradient
27 , 29 than
28 rather 29 than
29 than 31 threshold
29 than 32 ,
30 a 31 threshold
32 , 33 manner

we conclude that social gradients for frailty are present in older adults , although a causal mechanism is not yet clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 5 gradients
3 that 8 are
4 social 5 gradients
5 gradients 6 for
5 gradients 8 are
6 for 7 frailty
8 are 9 present
8 are 14 although
9 present 10 in
10 in 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 , 14 although
14 although 17 mechanism
15 a 16 causal
15 a 17 mechanism
16 causal 17 mechanism
17 mechanism 18 is
18 is 19 not
18 is 20 yet
18 is 21 clear

micrornas ( mirnas ) are small , noncoding rnas that function in complex networks to regulate protein expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 micrornas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
1 micrornas 3 mirnas
1 micrornas 5 are
2 ( 3 mirnas
3 mirnas 4 )
5 are 6 small
6 small 8 noncoding
7 , 8 noncoding
8 noncoding 9 rnas
8 noncoding 19 .
9 rnas 10 that
9 rnas 11 function
10 that 11 function
11 function 12 in
11 function 15 to
12 in 14 networks
13 complex 14 networks
15 to 16 regulate
16 regulate 18 expression
17 protein 18 expression

in the brain , they are involved in development and synaptic plasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 3 brain
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 they
2 the 3 brain
5 they 6 are
6 are 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
8 in 10 and
9 development 10 and
10 and 12 plasticity
11 synaptic 12 plasticity

in this study , we aimed to identify mirnas with a differential expression in either hippocampus or cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) from alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) patients and age - matched nondemented control subjects using quantitative polymerase chain reaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 31 and
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 identify
6 aimed 31 and
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 9 mirnas
8 identify 10 with
10 with 13 expression
10 with 30 patients
11 a 12 differential
11 a 13 expression
12 differential 13 expression
13 expression 14 in
13 expression 23 from
13 expression 28 ad
14 in 17 or
15 either 16 hippocampus
16 hippocampus 17 or
17 or 19 fluid
17 or 21 csf
18 cerebrospinal 19 fluid
20 ( 21 csf
21 csf 22 )
23 from 26 disease
24 alzheimer 25 's
25 's 26 disease
27 ( 28 ad
28 ad 29 )
31 and 32 age
33 - 36 control
33 - 37 subjects
34 matched 36 control
35 nondemented 36 control
36 control 37 subjects
37 subjects 38 using
37 subjects 42 reaction
38 using 41 chain
39 quantitative 40 polymerase
40 polymerase 41 chain

in hippocampus , we also differentiated between ad patients with an intermediate stage , according to braak iii/iv [stage] , and a late stage , characterized according to braak vi stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differentiated
1 in 2 hippocampus
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 6 differentiated
5 also 6 differentiated
6 differentiated 7 between
6 differentiated 10 with
6 differentiated 16 to
7 between 9 patients
8 ad 9 patients
10 with 13 stage
11 an 12 intermediate
11 an 13 stage
12 intermediate 13 stage
14 , 16 to
15 according 16 to
16 to 17 braak
16 to 32 .
17 braak 21 and
17 braak 31 stage
18 iii/iv 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 stage
21 and 25 ,
21 and 26 characterized
21 and 31 stage
22 a 23 late
22 a 24 stage
23 late 24 stage
26 characterized 28 to
27 according 28 to
28 to 29 braak
29 braak 30 vi

eight selected mirnas were analyzed in hippocampus , and the expression of mir - 16 , mir - 34c , mir - 107 , mir - 128a , and mir - 146a were differentially regulated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 eight 3 mirnas
1 eight 4 were
1 eight 5 analyzed
2 selected 3 mirnas
3 mirnas 4 were
5 analyzed 6 in
5 analyzed 29 and
5 analyzed 33 were
6 in 9 and
7 hippocampus 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 expression
10 the 11 expression
12 of 13 mir
12 of 29 and
13 mir 15 16
13 mir 17 mir
14 - 15 16
15 16 16 ,
16 , 17 mir
17 mir 18 -
19 34c 20 ,
20 , 27 128a
20 , 29 and
21 mir 23 107
21 mir 27 128a
22 - 23 107
23 107 24 ,
25 mir 26 -
25 mir 27 128a
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 146a
29 and 33 were
30 mir 31 -
30 mir 32 146a
33 were 34 differentially
33 were 35 regulated

in csf , out of 8 selected mirnas only mir - 16 and mir - 146a could be reliably detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mirnas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 mir
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 csf
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 mirnas
4 out 5 of
5 of 6 8
5 of 8 mirnas
6 8 7 selected
8 mirnas 10 mir
9 only 10 mir
10 mir 12 16
11 - 12 16
13 and 16 146a
13 and 20 detected
14 mir 15 -
14 mir 16 146a
16 146a 17 could
17 could 18 be
18 be 19 reliably
18 be 20 detected

in addition , we identified an effect of blood contamination on the csf levels of mir - 16 , mir - 24 , and mir - 146a . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 identified
5 identified 7 effect
5 identified 11 on
6 an 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 10 contamination
9 blood 10 contamination
11 on 24 and
12 the 14 levels
13 csf 14 levels
14 levels 15 of
14 levels 24 and
15 of 16 mir
16 mir 18 16
16 mir 20 mir
17 - 18 16
18 16 19 ,
19 , 20 mir
20 mir 22 24
20 mir 23 ,
21 - 22 24
22 24 23 ,
24 and 27 146a
25 mir 26 -
25 mir 27 146a

for group comparisons , we therefore selected csf samples absent [of] , or containing only low numbers of blood cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 for 3 comparisons
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 we
2 group 3 comparisons
5 we 7 selected
6 therefore 7 selected
7 selected 9 samples
8 csf 9 samples
9 samples 13 or
9 samples 16 low
10 absent 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 14 containing
13 or 16 low
15 only 16 low
16 low 20 cells
17 numbers 18 of
17 numbers 20 cells
18 of 20 cells
19 blood 20 cells

levels of mir - 146a were significantly decreased in csf of ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 levels 2 of
1 levels 6 were
2 of 5 146a
3 mir 4 -
3 mir 5 146a
6 were 7 significantly
6 were 8 decreased
8 decreased 9 in
9 in 10 csf
10 csf 11 of
11 of 13 patients
12 ad 13 patients

in conclusion , the abnormal expression of several mirnas in hippocampus of intermediate - and late - stage ad patients suggests their involvement in ad pathogenesis , and low levels of mir - 146a in csf were associated with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 6 expression
3 , 21 suggests
3 , 28 and
4 the 6 expression
5 abnormal 6 expression
6 expression 7 of
6 expression 12 of
6 expression 21 suggests
7 of 9 mirnas
8 several 9 mirnas
9 mirnas 10 in
10 in 11 hippocampus
12 of 15 and
13 intermediate 15 and
14 - 15 and
15 and 20 patients
16 late 17 -
16 late 18 stage
18 stage 20 patients
19 ad 20 patients
21 suggests 23 involvement
22 their 23 involvement
23 involvement 24 in
24 in 26 pathogenesis
25 ad 26 pathogenesis
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 levels
28 and 38 associated
29 low 30 levels
30 levels 31 of
30 levels 35 in
30 levels 37 were
31 of 34 146a
32 mir 33 -
32 mir 34 146a
35 in 36 csf
37 were 38 associated
38 associated 39 with
39 with 40 ad

the best validated susceptibility variants for parkinson 's disease [are] located in the α - synuclein ( snca ) and microtubule - associated protein tau ( mapt ) genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 best
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 best
2 best 3 validated
3 validated 5 variants
3 validated 6 for
4 susceptibility 5 variants
6 for 20 and
7 parkinson 8 's
8 's 9 disease
9 disease 11 located
9 disease 20 and
11 located 12 in
12 in 16 synuclein
13 the 16 synuclein
14 α 15 -
14 α 16 synuclein
16 synuclein 18 snca
17 ( 18 snca
18 snca 19 )
20 and 29 genes
21 microtubule 25 tau
21 microtubule 28 )
21 microtubule 29 genes
22 - 25 tau
23 associated 24 protein
24 protein 25 tau
25 tau 27 mapt
25 tau 28 )
26 ( 27 mapt
27 mapt 28 )

recently , a protective p.n551 [k] - r1398h - k1423k haplotype in the leucine - rich repeat kinase 2 ( lrrk2 ) [gene] was identified , with p.r1398h appearing to be the most likely functional variant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 kinase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 identified
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 18 kinase
3 a 4 protective
3 a 18 kinase
4 protective 17 repeat
5 p.n551 8 r1398h
5 p.n551 15 -
5 p.n551 17 repeat
7 - 8 r1398h
8 r1398h 10 k1423k
8 r1398h 15 -
9 - 10 k1423k
10 k1423k 11 haplotype
10 k1423k 15 -
11 haplotype 12 in
12 in 14 leucine
13 the 14 leucine
16 rich 17 repeat
17 repeat 18 kinase
18 kinase 19 2
18 kinase 21 lrrk2
18 kinase 24 was
20 ( 21 lrrk2
21 lrrk2 22 )
24 was 25 identified
25 identified 27 with
26 , 27 with
27 with 28 p.r1398h
27 with 29 appearing
27 with 37 .
29 appearing 30 to
29 appearing 31 be
30 to 31 be
31 be 36 variant
32 the 36 variant
33 most 34 likely
34 likely 36 variant
35 functional 36 variant

to date , the consistency of the protective effect of lrrk2 p.r1398h across mapt and snca variant genotypes has not been assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 5 consistency
3 , 22 assessed
4 the 5 consistency
5 consistency 6 of
5 consistency 19 has
6 of 9 effect
7 the 9 effect
8 protective 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
10 of 11 lrrk2
11 lrrk2 12 p.r1398h
11 lrrk2 18 genotypes
12 p.r1398h 13 across
12 p.r1398h 18 genotypes
13 across 15 and
14 mapt 15 and
15 and 17 variant
16 snca 17 variant
19 has 20 not
19 has 21 been
21 been 22 assessed

to address this , we examined 4 snca variants ( rs181489 , rs356219 , rs11931074 , and rs2583988 ) , the mapt h1 - haplotype - defining variant rs1052553 , and lrrk2 p.r1398h ( rs7133914 ) in caucasian ( n = 10,322 ) and asian ( n = 2289 ) series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 3 this
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 examined
4 , 14 ,
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 9 variants
7 4 9 variants
8 snca 9 variants
9 variants 13 rs356219
10 ( 13 rs356219
11 rs181489 12 ,
11 rs181489 13 rs356219
13 rs356219 14 ,
14 , 51 series
15 rs11931074 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 rs2583988
17 and 19 )
17 and 23 h1
17 and 44 and
20 , 23 h1
21 the 23 h1
22 mapt 23 h1
23 h1 25 haplotype
23 h1 43 )
24 - 25 haplotype
25 haplotype 27 defining
25 haplotype 43 )
26 - 27 defining
27 defining 33 p.r1398h
27 defining 37 in
27 defining 41 =
27 defining 43 )
28 variant 33 p.r1398h
29 rs1052553 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 lrrk2
31 and 33 p.r1398h
33 p.r1398h 35 rs7133914
34 ( 35 rs7133914
35 rs7133914 36 )
37 in 38 caucasian
39 ( 41 =
40 n 41 =
41 = 42 10,322
41 = 43 )
44 and 45 asian
44 and 48 =
44 and 51 series
46 ( 48 =
47 n 48 =
48 = 49 2289
48 = 50 )

there was no evidence of an interaction of lrrk2 p.r1398h with mapt or snca variants [(] all [p] ≥ 0.10 [ )( the protective effect of p.r1398h was observed at similar magnitude across mapt and snca [genotypes] , and the risk effects of mapt and snca variants [were] observed consistently for lrrk2 p.r1398h genotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 evidence
3 no 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 of
4 evidence 8 of
5 of 7 interaction
6 an 7 interaction
8 of 9 lrrk2
9 lrrk2 10 p.r1398h
10 p.r1398h 11 with
11 with 13 or
11 with 19 ≥
12 mapt 13 or
13 or 15 variants
14 snca 15 variants
17 all 19 ≥
19 ≥ 20 0.10
19 ≥ 29 observed
19 ≥ 30 at
20 0.10 25 effect
20 0.10 28 was
20 0.10 29 observed
23 the 25 effect
24 protective 25 effect
25 effect 26 of
25 effect 28 was
26 of 27 p.r1398h
30 at 39 and
31 similar 32 magnitude
32 magnitude 33 across
32 magnitude 39 and
33 across 35 and
34 mapt 35 and
35 and 36 snca
38 , 39 and
39 and 42 effects
39 and 43 of
40 the 42 effects
41 risk 42 effects
43 of 45 and
44 mapt 45 and
45 and 47 variants
45 and 55 .
46 snca 47 variants
47 variants 49 observed
47 variants 51 for
49 observed 50 consistently
51 for 52 lrrk2
52 lrrk2 53 p.r1398h
52 lrrk2 54 genotypes
53 p.r1398h 54 genotypes

our results indicate that the association of lrrk2 p.r1398h with parkinson 's disease is independent of snca and mapt variants , and vice versa , in caucasian and asian populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 association
4 that 14 is
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
6 association 10 with
6 association 14 is
7 of 9 p.r1398h
8 lrrk2 9 p.r1398h
10 with 13 disease
11 parkinson 12 's
12 's 13 disease
14 is 22 and
14 is 26 in
15 independent 16 of
15 independent 18 and
16 of 17 snca
18 and 20 variants
18 and 22 and
19 mapt 20 variants
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 versa
22 and 25 ,
23 vice 24 versa
26 in 28 and
27 caucasian 28 and
28 and 30 populations
29 asian 30 populations

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is the most common motor neuron disease in populations of european descent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 amyotrophic 3 sclerosis
2 lateral 3 sclerosis
3 sclerosis 5 als
3 sclerosis 7 is
4 ( 5 als
5 als 6 )
7 is 13 disease
8 the 9 most
9 most 13 disease
10 common 11 motor
11 motor 13 disease
12 neuron 13 disease
13 disease 14 in
14 in 15 populations
15 populations 16 of
16 of 18 descent
17 european 18 descent

it was recently [found] that a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in c9orf72 is its most common cause in these populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 recently
2 was 5 that
5 that 9 expansion
5 that 12 is
6 a 9 expansion
7 hexanucleotide 9 expansion
8 repeat 9 expansion
9 expansion 10 in
9 expansion 12 is
10 in 11 c9orf72
12 is 16 cause
13 its 16 cause
14 most 15 common
15 common 16 cause
16 cause 17 in
17 in 19 populations
18 these 19 populations

the contribution of c9orf72 to als is notably lower in the far east , but its role in other populations is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 contribution
2 contribution 3 of
2 contribution 7 is
3 of 4 c9orf72
4 c9orf72 5 to
5 to 6 als
7 is 8 notably
7 is 9 lower
9 lower 10 in
10 in 13 east
11 the 13 east
12 far 13 east
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 role
15 but 21 is
16 its 17 role
17 role 18 in
17 role 21 is
18 in 20 populations
19 other 20 populations
21 is 22 unknown

results of c9orf72 screening in 78 unrelated iranian als patients are reported here . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 11 are
2 of 3 c9orf72
3 c9orf72 4 screening
4 screening 5 in
4 screening 10 patients
6 78 10 patients
7 unrelated 8 iranian
8 iranian 10 patients
9 als 10 patients
11 are 12 reported
12 reported 13 here

the repeat expansion was observed in only 1 ( 5.9 % [ )(of the [familial] [and] 1 ( 1.6 % ) of the sporadic cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expansion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
1 the 3 expansion
2 repeat 3 expansion
3 expansion 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 in
6 in 8 1
7 only 8 1
8 1 11 %
9 ( 11 %
10 5.9 11 %
11 % 13 )(of
11 % 22 of
11 % 26 .
13 )(of 17 1
14 the 17 1
17 1 20 %
18 ( 20 %
19 1.6 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 of 25 cases
23 the 25 cases
24 sporadic 25 cases

these figures are to be compared , respectively , with 30 [%] and 6.9 % among patients of european ethnicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 figures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 figures
2 figures 3 are
3 are 4 to
3 are 6 compared
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 compared
6 compared 8 respectively
6 compared 10 with
6 compared 16 among
7 , 8 respectively
8 respectively 9 ,
10 with 15 %
11 30 13 and
13 and 14 6.9
13 and 15 %
16 among 17 patients
17 patients 18 of
18 of 20 ethnicity
19 european 20 ethnicity

screenings of c9orf72 in other middle east countries will reveal whether the low contribution of c9orf72 to als is a feature of the entire region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 screenings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 screenings 2 of
1 screenings 9 will
2 of 3 c9orf72
3 c9orf72 4 in
4 in 8 countries
5 other 8 countries
6 middle 7 east
7 east 8 countries
9 will 10 reveal
10 reveal 11 whether
11 whether 14 contribution
11 whether 19 is
12 the 14 contribution
13 low 14 contribution
14 contribution 15 of
14 contribution 19 is
15 of 16 c9orf72
16 c9orf72 17 to
17 to 18 als
19 is 21 feature
20 a 21 feature
21 feature 22 of
22 of 25 region
23 the 25 region
24 entire 25 region

during the screenings , it was noted that in a single family , 3 individuals affected with als , parkinson 's disease , or frontotemporal dementia all carried the repeat expansion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 during 3 screenings
1 during 4 ,
1 during 5 it
2 the 3 screenings
5 it 6 was
6 was 7 noted
7 noted 8 that
8 that 24 or
8 that 28 carried
9 in 11 single
9 in 24 or
10 a 11 single
12 family 13 ,
13 , 15 individuals
13 , 24 or
14 3 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 affected
16 affected 17 with
17 with 18 als
18 als 22 disease
19 , 22 disease
20 parkinson 21 's
21 's 22 disease
22 disease 23 ,
24 or 26 dementia
24 or 28 carried
25 frontotemporal 26 dementia
27 all 28 carried
28 carried 31 expansion
29 the 31 expansion
30 repeat 31 expansion

the finding suggests the mutation does rarely contribute to the etiology of parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 finding
2 finding 3 suggests
3 suggests 5 mutation
3 suggests 8 contribute
4 the 5 mutation
5 mutation 6 does
6 does 8 contribute
7 rarely 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
9 to 11 etiology
10 the 11 etiology
11 etiology 12 of
12 of 15 disease
13 parkinson 14 's
14 's 15 disease

objective : to develop and validate a prognostic model for incident knee osteoarthritis ( koa ) in a general population and determine the value of different risk factor groups to prediction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 5 and
2 : 32 .
3 to 5 and
4 develop 5 and
5 and 21 and
6 validate 9 model
6 validate 17 in
6 validate 21 and
7 a 8 prognostic
7 a 9 model
8 prognostic 9 model
9 model 10 for
9 model 15 koa
10 for 13 osteoarthritis
11 incident 13 osteoarthritis
12 knee 13 osteoarthritis
14 ( 15 koa
15 koa 16 )
17 in 20 population
18 a 19 general
18 a 20 population
19 general 20 population
21 and 22 determine
22 determine 24 value
22 determine 30 to
23 the 24 value
24 value 25 of
25 of 29 groups
26 different 29 groups
27 risk 28 factor
28 factor 29 groups
30 to 31 prediction

methods : the prognostic model was developed in 2628 individuals from the rotterdam study [-] i ( rs - i ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 model
2 : 7 developed
2 : 22 .
3 the 5 model
4 prognostic 5 model
5 model 6 was
6 was 7 developed
7 developed 8 in
8 in 10 individuals
9 2628 10 individuals
10 individuals 11 from
11 from 14 study
12 the 14 study
13 rotterdam 14 study
14 study 16 i
14 study 19 -
17 ( 19 -
18 rs 19 -
19 - 20 i
19 - 21 )

univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for questionnaire/easily obtainable variables , imaging variables , genetic and biochemical markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 univariate 2 and
2 and 3 multivariate
2 and 4 analyses
2 and 5 were
2 and 6 performed
4 analyses 5 were
6 performed 7 for
6 performed 12 imaging
7 for 10 variables
8 questionnaire/easily 9 obtainable
9 obtainable 10 variables
11 , 12 imaging
12 imaging 13 variables
12 imaging 14 ,
14 , 18 markers
15 genetic 16 and
16 and 17 biochemical
16 and 18 markers

the extended multivariate model was tested on discrimination ( receiver operating characteristic curve [and] area under the curve ( auc ) ) in two other population [-] based cohorts : rotterdam study [-] ii and chingford study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 :
1 the 4 model
2 extended 4 model
3 multivariate 4 model
4 model 5 was
5 was 6 tested
6 tested 7 on
6 tested 23 in
7 on 8 discrimination
8 discrimination 15 area
9 ( 15 area
10 receiver 11 operating
11 operating 15 area
12 characteristic 15 area
13 curve 15 area
15 area 16 under
15 area 22 )
16 under 18 curve
17 the 18 curve
18 curve 20 auc
19 ( 20 auc
20 auc 21 )
23 in 29 cohorts
24 two 25 other
25 other 29 cohorts
26 population 28 based
28 based 29 cohorts
30 : 35 and
30 : 38 .
31 rotterdam 32 study
32 study 34 ii
32 study 35 and
35 and 37 study
36 chingford 37 study

results : in rs [-] i , there was moderate predictive value for incident koa based on the genetic score alone in subjects aged < 65 years ( auc 0.65 ) , while it was only 0.55 for subjects aged ≥65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 score
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 rs
4 rs 6 i
7 , 8 there
7 , 9 was
8 there 9 was
9 was 12 value
9 was 13 for
10 moderate 12 value
11 predictive 12 value
13 for 15 koa
14 incident 15 koa
15 koa 16 based
15 koa 17 on
15 koa 20 score
17 on 19 genetic
18 the 19 genetic
20 score 21 alone
20 score 22 in
20 score 27 years
20 score 33 while
22 in 23 subjects
23 subjects 24 aged
25 < 26 65
26 65 27 years
27 years 29 auc
28 ( 29 auc
29 auc 30 0.65
29 auc 31 )
32 , 33 while
33 while 34 it
33 while 35 was
33 while 43 .
34 it 35 was
35 was 36 only
35 was 37 0.55
35 was 38 for
38 for 42 years
39 subjects 40 aged
40 aged 41 ≥65
41 ≥65 42 years

the auc for gender , age and body mass index ( bmi ) in prediction for koa was 0.66 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 auc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 auc
2 auc 3 for
2 auc 14 in
2 auc 18 was
3 for 7 and
4 gender 5 ,
5 , 6 age
5 , 7 and
7 and 10 index
7 and 12 bmi
8 body 10 index
9 mass 10 index
11 ( 12 bmi
12 bmi 13 )
14 in 15 prediction
15 prediction 16 for
16 for 17 koa
18 was 19 0.66

addition of the questionnaire variables , genetic score or biochemical marker urinary [c] - terminal cross - linked telopeptide of type ii collagen to the model did not change the auc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 addition 2 of
1 addition 6 ,
2 of 5 variables
3 the 5 variables
4 questionnaire 5 variables
6 , 8 score
6 , 9 or
7 genetic 8 score
9 or 15 terminal
9 or 16 cross
10 biochemical 11 marker
11 marker 15 terminal
12 urinary 14 -
12 urinary 15 terminal
17 - 19 telopeptide
17 - 29 change
17 - 32 .
18 linked 19 telopeptide
19 telopeptide 20 of
19 telopeptide 27 did
20 of 21 type
21 type 22 ii
21 type 23 collagen
23 collagen 24 to
24 to 26 model
25 the 26 model
27 did 28 not
27 did 29 change
29 change 31 auc
30 the 31 auc

however , when adding the knee baseline kl score to the model the auc increased to 0.79 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 auc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 14 auc
3 when 4 adding
3 when 14 auc
4 adding 8 kl
4 adding 9 score
5 the 8 kl
6 knee 8 kl
7 baseline 8 kl
8 kl 9 score
9 score 10 to
10 to 12 model
11 the 12 model
13 the 14 auc
14 auc 15 increased
15 increased 16 to
16 to 17 0.79

applying external validation , similar results were observed in the rotterdam study [-] ii and the chingford study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 applying 3 validation
1 applying 4 ,
1 applying 6 results
2 external 3 validation
5 similar 6 results
6 results 7 were
7 were 8 observed
8 observed 9 in
9 in 15 and
10 the 12 study
11 rotterdam 12 study
12 study 14 ii
12 study 15 and
15 and 18 study
16 the 18 study
17 chingford 18 study

conclusions : easy obtainable ['] questionnaire ['] variables , genetic markers , oa at other joint sites and biochemical markers add only modestly to the prediction of koa incidence using age , gender and bmi in an elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 18 and
2 : 21 add
2 : 40 .
3 easy 8 variables
4 obtainable 8 variables
6 questionnaire 8 variables
8 variables 9 ,
9 , 11 markers
9 , 12 ,
10 genetic 11 markers
12 , 13 oa
12 , 18 and
13 oa 14 at
14 at 17 sites
15 other 17 sites
16 joint 17 sites
18 and 20 markers
18 and 21 add
19 biochemical 20 markers
21 add 22 only
21 add 23 modestly
21 add 24 to
24 to 34 and
25 the 26 prediction
26 prediction 27 of
26 prediction 32 ,
27 of 31 age
28 koa 31 age
29 incidence 31 age
30 using 31 age
32 , 33 gender
32 , 34 and
34 and 35 bmi
34 and 36 in
36 in 39 population
37 an 38 elderly
37 an 39 population
38 elderly 39 population

doubtful minor radiographic degenerative features in the knee , however , are a very strong predictor of future koa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 doubtful 5 features
2 minor 5 features
3 radiographic 5 features
4 degenerative 5 features
5 features 6 in
5 features 12 are
6 in 8 knee
7 the 8 knee
9 , 10 however
10 however 11 ,
10 however 12 are
12 are 16 predictor
13 a 14 very
13 a 16 predictor
14 very 15 strong
15 strong 16 predictor
16 predictor 17 of
17 of 19 koa
18 future 19 koa

this is an important finding , as many radiologists do not report minor degenerative changes in the knee . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 finding
3 an 4 important
3 an 5 finding
4 important 5 finding
6 , 9 radiologists
6 , 12 report
7 as 8 many
8 many 9 radiologists
9 radiologists 10 do
10 do 11 not
10 do 12 report
12 report 15 changes
12 report 16 in
13 minor 15 changes
14 degenerative 15 changes
16 in 18 knee
17 the 18 knee

none objectives : the sociocultural model of stress and coping , which despite receiving support from several studies conducted with diverse ethnic groups , has yet to be tested longitudinally or used within the context of positive caregiver outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 none 2 objectives
1 none 7 of
1 none 8 stress
2 objectives 3 :
3 : 6 model
4 the 6 model
5 sociocultural 6 model
6 model 7 of
9 and 10 coping
9 and 31 or
10 coping 12 which
10 coping 31 or
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 despite
12 which 19 conducted
12 which 24 ,
13 despite 14 receiving
14 receiving 15 support
15 support 16 from
16 from 17 several
18 studies 19 conducted
19 conducted 20 with
20 with 23 groups
21 diverse 23 groups
22 ethnic 23 groups
25 has 26 yet
25 has 27 to
25 has 29 tested
25 has 31 or
27 to 28 be
28 be 29 tested
29 tested 30 longitudinally
31 or 32 used
31 or 33 within
31 or 39 outcomes
33 within 35 context
34 the 35 context
35 context 36 of
36 of 38 caregiver
37 positive 38 caregiver

the aim of the current study was to test a specific component of the model , which posits that caregiver coping will be influenced by the cultural value of familism ( feelings of solidarity and loyalty among family members ) , which will in turn affect caregiver outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 current 6 study
7 was 8 to
8 to 9 test
9 test 12 component
10 a 12 component
11 specific 12 component
12 component 13 of
12 component 17 which
13 of 15 model
14 the 15 model
16 , 17 which
17 which 18 posits
17 which 41 ,
18 posits 19 that
19 that 20 caregiver
19 that 24 influenced
20 caregiver 21 coping
20 caregiver 22 will
22 will 23 be
23 be 24 influenced
24 influenced 25 by
25 by 28 value
26 the 28 value
27 cultural 28 value
28 value 29 of
29 of 30 familism
30 familism 35 and
31 ( 35 and
32 feelings 33 of
32 feelings 35 and
33 of 34 solidarity
35 and 36 loyalty
35 and 37 among
35 and 40 )
37 among 39 members
38 family 39 members
41 , 42 which
41 , 46 affect
42 which 43 will
43 will 46 affect
44 in 45 turn
45 turn 46 affect
46 affect 48 outcomes
47 caregiver 48 outcomes

method : a questionnaire was completed by 123 family caregivers in the uk assessing familism , use of coping strategies , caregiver gains , anxiety and depression at three time points over nine months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 questionnaire
2 : 14 assessing
2 : 21 ,
2 : 35 .
3 a 4 questionnaire
4 questionnaire 5 was
5 was 6 completed
6 completed 7 by
7 by 8 123
8 123 9 family
8 123 14 assessing
9 family 10 caregivers
10 caregivers 11 in
11 in 13 uk
12 the 13 uk
13 uk 14 assessing
14 assessing 15 familism
15 familism 17 use
16 , 17 use
17 use 18 of
17 use 21 ,
18 of 20 strategies
19 coping 20 strategies
21 , 26 and
21 , 30 time
22 caregiver 23 gains
23 gains 24 ,
24 , 25 anxiety
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 depression
26 and 30 time
27 depression 28 at
28 at 29 three
30 time 31 points
30 time 32 over
32 over 34 months
33 nine 34 months

results : mediation analysis followed guidelines proposed by baron and kenny . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 proposed
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 followed
3 mediation 5 followed
4 analysis 5 followed
6 guidelines 7 proposed
7 proposed 8 by
7 proposed 12 .
8 by 11 kenny
9 baron 10 and
10 and 11 kenny

religious coping and positive reframing at time 2 ( t2 ) were found to significantly mediate between familism values at time 1 ( t1 ) and caregiver gains at time 3 ( t3 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 religious 2 coping
1 religious 3 and
3 and 4 positive
3 and 5 reframing
5 reframing 6 at
5 reframing 14 to
5 reframing 20 at
5 reframing 22 1
6 at 7 time
7 time 8 2
7 time 13 found
8 2 10 t2
8 2 12 were
9 ( 10 t2
10 t2 11 )
12 were 13 found
14 to 16 mediate
15 significantly 16 mediate
16 mediate 17 between
17 between 19 values
18 familism 19 values
20 at 21 time
22 1 24 t1
23 ( 24 t1
24 t1 25 )
26 and 27 caregiver
26 and 28 gains
27 caregiver 28 gains
28 gains 29 at
28 gains 31 3
29 at 30 time
31 3 33 t3
32 ( 33 t3
33 t3 34 )

behavioural disengagement at t2 was found to mediate between familism at t1 and caregiver depression at t3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disengagement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mediate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 behavioural 2 disengagement
2 disengagement 3 at
2 disengagement 5 was
3 at 4 t2
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 to
7 to 8 mediate
8 mediate 9 between
8 mediate 11 at
8 mediate 16 at
9 between 10 familism
11 at 13 and
12 t1 13 and
13 and 15 depression
14 caregiver 15 depression
16 at 17 t3

additionally familism was found to be positively associated with both negative and positive aspects of caregiving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 familism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 additionally 2 familism
2 familism 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 to
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 positively
6 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 14 aspects
10 both 14 aspects
11 negative 12 and
12 and 13 positive
12 and 14 aspects
14 aspects 15 of
15 of 16 caregiving

conclusion : our longitudinal findings suggest that interventions and services acknowledging caregiver values and the associated coping responses may prove beneficial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 prove
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 5 findings
2 : 6 suggest
3 our 5 findings
4 longitudinal 5 findings
5 findings 6 suggest
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 9 and
7 that 20 prove
8 interventions 9 and
9 and 10 services
9 and 11 acknowledging
9 and 20 prove
11 acknowledging 14 and
11 acknowledging 19 may
12 caregiver 13 values
13 values 14 and
14 and 18 responses
14 and 19 may
15 the 18 responses
16 associated 18 responses
17 coping 18 responses
20 prove 21 beneficial

background : functional [decline] ( fd ) is a largely preventable feature of aging , characterized as gradual erosion of functional autonomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 6 fd
2 : 15 ,
3 functional 6 fd
5 ( 6 fd
6 fd 7 )
6 fd 15 ,
8 is 12 feature
8 is 15 ,
9 a 10 largely
9 a 12 feature
10 largely 11 preventable
11 preventable 12 feature
12 feature 13 of
13 of 14 aging
15 , 16 characterized
15 , 17 as
17 as 19 erosion
18 gradual 19 erosion
19 erosion 20 of
20 of 22 autonomy
21 functional 22 autonomy

this reduces an older person 's capacity for safe , independent community living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 reduces
2 reduces 7 capacity
3 an 5 person
4 older 5 person
5 person 6 's
6 's 7 capacity
7 capacity 8 for
8 for 13 living
9 safe 10 ,
9 safe 11 independent
11 independent 13 living
12 community 13 living

the healthcare needs of an unprecedented aging population places pressure on health systems to develop innovative approaches to ensuring older people live healthy and independent lives for as long as possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 live
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 needs
2 healthcare 3 needs
3 needs 4 of
3 needs 9 places
3 needs 10 pressure
3 needs 22 live
4 of 8 population
5 an 6 unprecedented
5 an 8 population
6 unprecedented 8 population
7 aging 8 population
9 places 10 pressure
10 pressure 11 on
10 pressure 14 to
10 pressure 18 to
11 on 13 systems
12 health 13 systems
14 to 15 develop
15 develop 17 approaches
16 innovative 17 approaches
18 to 19 ensuring
19 ensuring 21 people
20 older 21 people
22 live 26 lives
22 live 27 for
22 live 30 as
23 healthy 24 and
24 and 25 independent
24 and 26 lives
27 for 29 long
28 as 29 long
30 as 31 possible

triifl aims to demonstrate that : 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 triifl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 triifl 2 aims
2 aims 3 to
2 aims 4 demonstrate
3 to 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 that
4 demonstrate 6 :
5 that 6 :
6 : 7 1

incipient fd in older people can be identified using a simple telephone - screening process within four weeks of discharge from an emergency department presentation for a minor health event ; [and] 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 incipient 2 fd
2 fd 3 in
2 fd 6 can
3 in 5 people
4 older 5 people
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 identified
8 identified 9 using
9 using 12 telephone
10 a 11 simple
10 a 12 telephone
11 simple 12 telephone
12 telephone 14 screening
13 - 14 screening
14 screening 15 process
14 screening 31 ;
15 process 16 within
15 process 19 of
15 process 26 for
16 within 18 weeks
17 four 18 weeks
19 of 20 discharge
20 discharge 21 from
21 from 25 presentation
22 an 25 presentation
23 emergency 25 presentation
24 department 25 presentation
26 for 30 event
27 a 28 minor
27 a 30 event
28 minor 29 health
29 health 30 event
31 ; 33 2

early engagement into a person [-] centered individualized intervention arrests or reduces the rate of fd over the next 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 engagement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 early 2 engagement
2 engagement 3 into
2 engagement 11 or
3 into 5 person
4 a 5 person
5 person 7 centered
8 individualized 10 arrests
8 individualized 11 or
9 intervention 10 arrests
11 or 12 reduces
11 or 17 over
12 reduces 14 rate
13 the 14 rate
14 rate 15 of
15 of 16 fd
17 over 21 months
18 the 19 next
18 the 20 12
20 12 21 months

methods/design : a randomized controlled trial ( rct ) nested within a 13 [-] month longitudinal cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods/design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 trial
2 : 10 nested
2 : 19 .
3 a 6 trial
4 randomized 6 trial
5 controlled 6 trial
6 trial 8 rct
6 trial 10 nested
7 ( 8 rct
8 rct 9 )
10 nested 11 within
11 within 18 study
12 a 18 study
13 13 15 month
15 month 18 study
16 longitudinal 17 cohort
17 cohort 18 study

the rct ( conducted over 12 months ) tests the effectiveness of a novel , early , home - based , personalized program ( compared with no intervention ) in arresting or slowing fd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 rct
2 rct 4 conducted
2 rct 9 tests
3 ( 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 over
4 conducted 8 )
5 over 7 months
6 12 7 months
9 tests 11 effectiveness
9 tests 25 compared
9 tests 30 in
10 the 11 effectiveness
11 effectiveness 12 of
12 of 23 program
13 a 23 program
14 novel 15 ,
14 novel 23 program
16 early 18 home
16 early 21 ,
16 early 23 program
17 , 18 home
18 home 20 based
18 home 21 ,
19 - 20 based
20 based 21 ,
22 personalized 23 program
24 ( 25 compared
25 compared 26 with
25 compared 29 )
26 with 28 intervention
27 no 28 intervention
30 in 32 or
31 arresting 32 or
32 or 34 fd
33 slowing 34 fd

triifl focuses on older adults living independently in the community , who have not yet had a serious health event , yet are potentially on the cusp of fd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 triifl 2 focuses
2 focuses 3 on
2 focuses 6 living
2 focuses 12 who
2 focuses 23 are
3 on 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
6 living 7 independently
6 living 8 in
8 in 10 community
9 the 10 community
11 , 12 who
12 who 13 have
12 who 21 ,
13 have 14 not
13 have 16 had
15 yet 16 had
16 had 20 event
17 a 18 serious
17 a 20 event
18 serious 20 event
19 health 20 event
22 yet 23 are
23 are 24 potentially
23 are 25 on
25 on 27 cusp
26 the 27 cusp
27 cusp 28 of
28 of 29 fd

participants in the longitudinal cohort study will be recruited as they present to one large tertiary hospital emergency department , providing they are not subsequently admitted to a ward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 providing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 admitted
1 participants 21 providing
2 in 6 study
2 in 21 providing
3 the 6 study
4 longitudinal 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 study
6 study 7 will
6 study 12 present
7 will 8 be
8 be 9 recruited
9 recruited 10 as
10 as 11 they
10 as 12 present
11 they 12 present
12 present 13 to
13 to 17 hospital
14 one 17 hospital
15 large 17 hospital
16 tertiary 17 hospital
18 emergency 21 providing
19 department 20 ,
19 department 21 providing
21 providing 26 admitted
22 they 23 are
23 are 24 not
24 not 25 subsequently
25 subsequently 26 admitted
26 admitted 27 to
26 admitted 30 .
27 to 29 ward
28 a 29 ward

sample size calculations indicate that 570 participants need to be recruited into the longitudinal study , with 100 participants randomized into the trial arms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 calculations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 sample 3 calculations
2 size 3 calculations
3 calculations 4 indicate
4 indicate 5 that
5 that 7 participants
5 that 8 need
6 570 7 participants
7 participants 8 need
8 need 9 to
8 need 16 ,
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 recruited
11 recruited 12 into
12 into 15 study
13 the 15 study
14 longitudinal 15 study
16 , 19 participants
16 , 20 randomized
17 with 18 100
17 with 19 participants
19 participants 20 randomized
20 randomized 21 into
20 randomized 24 arms
21 into 23 trial
22 the 23 trial

measures from all subjects will be taken face - to [-] face at baseline [(] [recruitment] ) , then subsequently [by] telephone at one , four , seven and thirteen months later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 measures 2 from
1 measures 7 taken
1 measures 18 ,
2 from 4 subjects
3 all 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 will
4 subjects 6 be
5 will 6 be
8 face 10 to
8 face 18 ,
9 - 10 to
10 to 12 face
10 to 17 )
12 face 13 at
13 at 14 baseline
18 , 22 telephone
18 , 32 later
19 then 22 telephone
20 subsequently 22 telephone
22 telephone 23 at
23 at 24 one
24 one 26 four
25 , 26 four
26 four 27 ,
28 seven 29 and
29 and 30 thirteen
29 and 31 months
31 months 32 later

measures include functional abilities , quality of life , recent [falls] , mobility dependence , community supports and health service usage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 measures 2 include
2 include 4 abilities
3 functional 4 abilities
4 abilities 6 quality
5 , 6 quality
6 quality 7 of
6 quality 9 ,
7 of 8 life
9 , 18 and
9 , 20 service
10 recent 14 dependence
10 recent 15 ,
10 recent 16 community
12 , 14 dependence
13 mobility 14 dependence
14 dependence 15 ,
16 community 17 supports
17 supports 18 and
18 and 19 health
18 and 20 service
20 service 21 usage

trials registration : australian [&] new zealand clinical trials registry : actrn12613000234718 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 registration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 trials 2 registration
2 registration 3 :
3 : 10 registry
4 australian 10 registry
6 new 7 zealand
7 zealand 8 clinical
8 clinical 9 trials
9 trials 10 registry
11 : 12 actrn12613000234718
11 : 13 .

cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection has been implicated in accelerated [t] cell ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cytomegalovirus 3 cmv
1 cytomegalovirus 5 infection
2 ( 3 cmv
3 cmv 4 )
5 infection 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 implicated
8 implicated 9 in
9 in 13 ageing
10 accelerated 12 cell
12 cell 13 ageing

end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients have a severely immunologically aged [t] cell compartment but also a high prevalence of cmv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 end 5 disease
1 end 9 patients
2 - 5 disease
3 stage 5 disease
4 renal 5 disease
5 disease 7 esrd
5 disease 8 )
6 ( 7 esrd
7 esrd 8 )
9 patients 10 have
10 have 16 cell
10 have 17 compartment
11 a 16 cell
12 severely 14 aged
13 immunologically 14 aged
14 aged 16 cell
17 compartment 18 but
17 compartment 25 infection
18 but 19 also
18 but 22 prevalence
20 a 21 high
20 a 22 prevalence
21 high 22 prevalence
22 prevalence 23 of
23 of 24 cmv

we investigated whether cmv [infection] contributes to t cell ageing in esrd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 4 cmv
3 whether 6 contributes
4 cmv 6 contributes
6 contributes 7 to
6 contributes 10 ageing
6 contributes 11 in
7 to 8 t
9 cell 10 ageing
11 in 13 patients
12 esrd 13 patients

we determined the thymic output by the [t] cell receptor excision circle ( trec ) content and percentage of cd31+ naïve [t] cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 determined
2 determined 4 thymic
2 determined 5 output
3 the 4 thymic
4 thymic 5 output
5 output 6 by
5 output 17 and
6 by 12 circle
7 the 12 circle
9 cell 12 circle
10 receptor 12 circle
11 excision 12 circle
12 circle 14 trec
13 ( 14 trec
14 trec 15 )
16 content 17 and
17 and 18 percentage
17 and 19 of
19 of 23 cells
20 cd31+ 23 cells
21 naïve 23 cells

the proliferative history of the [t] cell compartment by determination of the relative telomere length ( rtl ) and the [t] cell differentiation status was determined by immunophenotyping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 history
2 proliferative 3 history
3 history 4 of
3 history 9 by
3 history 19 and
4 of 8 compartment
5 the 8 compartment
7 cell 8 compartment
9 by 10 determination
10 determination 11 of
11 of 15 length
12 the 15 length
13 relative 15 length
14 telomere 15 length
15 length 17 rtl
16 ( 17 rtl
17 rtl 18 )
19 and 23 differentiation
19 and 24 status
19 and 28 immunophenotyping
20 the 23 differentiation
22 cell 23 differentiation
24 status 25 was
25 was 26 determined
26 determined 27 by
27 by 28 immunophenotyping

it appeared that cmv [infection] did not affect thymic output but reduced rtl of cd8+ [t] cells in esrd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 appeared
2 appeared 3 that
3 that 4 cmv
3 that 11 but
4 cmv 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 11 but
8 affect 10 output
8 affect 11 but
9 thymic 10 output
11 but 12 reduced
12 reduced 13 rtl
12 reduced 18 in
13 rtl 14 of
14 of 17 cells
15 cd8+ 17 cells
18 in 20 patients
19 esrd 20 patients

moreover , increased [t] cell differentiation was observed with higher percentages of cd57+ and cd28null cd4+ and cd8+ memory t cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differentiation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 6 differentiation
3 increased 5 cell
5 cell 6 differentiation
6 differentiation 7 was
7 was 8 observed
8 observed 9 with
9 with 17 and
10 higher 11 percentages
11 percentages 12 of
11 percentages 14 and
12 of 13 cd57+
14 and 16 cd4+
14 and 17 and
15 cd28null 16 cd4+
17 and 21 cells
18 cd8+ 19 memory
19 memory 20 t
19 memory 21 cells

these cd28null t cells had significantly shorter telomeres compared to cd28+ [t] cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 4 cells
2 cd28null 3 t
2 cd28null 4 cells
4 cells 5 had
5 had 8 telomeres
6 significantly 7 shorter
7 shorter 8 telomeres
8 telomeres 9 compared
9 compared 10 to
10 to 13 cells
11 cd28+ 13 cells

therefore we concluded that cmv [infection] does not affect the decreased thymic output but increases [t] cell differentiation as observed in esrd - related premature [t] cell ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 therefore 2 we
2 we 14 but
3 concluded 4 that
3 concluded 14 but
4 that 5 cmv
4 that 9 affect
5 cmv 7 does
7 does 8 not
7 does 9 affect
9 affect 13 output
10 the 13 output
11 decreased 13 output
12 thymic 13 output
14 but 15 increases
15 increases 18 differentiation
15 increases 21 in
17 cell 18 differentiation
18 differentiation 20 observed
19 as 20 observed
21 in 22 esrd
23 - 24 related
24 related 28 ageing
25 premature 27 cell
27 cell 28 ageing

this is a case study of an 88 [-] year [-] old man who presented with agenesis of the corpus callosum [and] colpocephaly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 study
3 a 5 study
4 case 5 study
5 study 6 of
6 of 13 man
7 an 13 man
8 88 10 year
10 year 13 man
12 old 13 man
13 man 14 who
13 man 15 presented
14 who 15 presented
15 presented 16 with
15 presented 21 callosum
15 presented 23 colpocephaly
16 with 17 agenesis
17 agenesis 18 of
18 of 20 corpus
19 the 20 corpus

symptomatically , he reported a sudden onset of mild , intermittent left hand apraxia , but denied any previous manifestations consistent with this type of brain malformation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 he
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 symptomatically 2 ,
1 symptomatically 3 he
3 he 16 but
4 reported 7 onset
4 reported 16 but
5 a 6 sudden
5 a 7 onset
6 sudden 7 onset
7 onset 8 of
8 of 14 apraxia
9 mild 10 ,
9 mild 14 apraxia
11 intermittent 13 hand
12 left 13 hand
13 hand 14 apraxia
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 denied
17 denied 20 manifestations
18 any 20 manifestations
19 previous 20 manifestations
20 manifestations 21 consistent
21 consistent 22 with
22 with 27 malformation
23 this 24 type
24 type 25 of
24 type 27 malformation
25 of 27 malformation
26 brain 27 malformation

the patient underwent neuroimaging , evaluation [by] neurology , and comprehensive neuropsychological testing to determine the nature of any other associated impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 patient
2 patient 3 underwent
3 underwent 10 and
3 underwent 14 to
4 neuroimaging 5 ,
5 , 8 neurology
5 , 10 and
6 evaluation 8 neurology
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 testing
11 comprehensive 13 testing
12 neuropsychological 13 testing
14 to 15 determine
15 determine 17 nature
15 determine 21 associated
16 the 17 nature
17 nature 18 of
17 nature 21 associated
18 of 20 other
19 any 20 other
21 associated 22 impairments

test results indicated that he was , with a few exceptions , neuropsychologically normal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 test 2 results
1 test 3 indicated
2 results 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 5 he
4 that 6 was
5 he 6 was
6 was 8 with
6 was 14 normal
7 , 8 with
8 with 11 exceptions
8 with 12 ,
9 a 10 few
10 few 11 exceptions
13 neuropsychologically 14 normal

he performed well on tests that are highly sensitive to acquired brain dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 he
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 he 2 performed
2 performed 3 well
2 performed 4 on
4 on 5 tests
5 tests 6 that
5 tests 7 are
6 that 7 are
7 are 9 sensitive
8 highly 9 sensitive
9 sensitive 10 to
10 to 13 dysfunction
11 acquired 12 brain
12 brain 13 dysfunction

his most notable deficit was failed performance in the simultaneous and coordinated use of both hands in using tactile and proprioceptive feedback on the tactual performance test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deficit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 his 4 deficit
2 most 3 notable
3 notable 4 deficit
4 deficit 11 and
5 was 7 performance
5 was 8 in
5 was 11 and
6 failed 7 performance
8 in 10 simultaneous
9 the 10 simultaneous
11 and 12 coordinated
11 and 17 in
11 and 23 on
12 coordinated 13 use
13 use 14 of
14 of 16 hands
15 both 16 hands
17 in 18 using
18 using 22 feedback
19 tactile 20 and
20 and 21 proprioceptive
20 and 22 feedback
23 on 27 test
24 the 27 test
25 tactual 26 performance
26 performance 27 test

this case is discussed in terms of plasticity of the developing brain , including compensatory mechanisms , highlighting the variability [in] clinical outcome in the context of congenital brain malformation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 case
2 case 3 is
3 is 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 in
5 in 6 terms
6 terms 7 of
7 of 8 plasticity
8 plasticity 9 of
8 plasticity 18 highlighting
9 of 12 brain
10 the 12 brain
11 developing 12 brain
12 brain 14 including
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 mechanisms
14 including 17 ,
15 compensatory 16 mechanisms
18 highlighting 23 outcome
18 highlighting 24 in
19 the 23 outcome
20 variability 23 outcome
22 clinical 23 outcome
24 in 26 context
25 the 26 context
26 context 27 of
27 of 30 malformation
28 congenital 29 brain
29 brain 30 malformation

this case study illustrates the strong influence of cerebral plasticity as well as a possible circumscribed manifestation of interhemispheric disconnection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 illustrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 3 study
2 case 3 study
3 study 4 illustrates
4 illustrates 7 influence
5 the 7 influence
6 strong 7 influence
7 influence 8 of
8 of 10 plasticity
9 cerebral 10 plasticity
10 plasticity 13 as
11 as 12 well
12 well 13 as
13 as 17 manifestation
14 a 15 possible
14 a 17 manifestation
15 possible 17 manifestation
16 circumscribed 17 manifestation
17 manifestation 18 of
18 of 20 disconnection
19 interhemispheric 20 disconnection

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is characterized by the presence of abnormal , straight filaments and paired helical filaments ( phfs ) that [are] coated with amorphous aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 8 characterized
8 characterized 9 by
8 characterized 27 with
9 by 11 presence
10 the 11 presence
11 presence 12 of
11 presence 22 phfs
11 presence 26 coated
12 of 17 and
13 abnormal 14 ,
13 abnormal 16 filaments
15 straight 16 filaments
16 filaments 17 and
17 and 20 filaments
18 paired 20 filaments
19 helical 20 filaments
21 ( 22 phfs
22 phfs 23 )
24 that 26 coated
27 with 29 aggregates
28 amorphous 29 aggregates

when phfs are treated with alkali , they untwist and form filaments with a ribbonlike morphology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 when 2 phfs
1 when 4 treated
1 when 7 ,
1 when 8 they
2 phfs 3 are
3 are 4 treated
4 treated 5 with
5 with 6 alkali
8 they 10 and
9 untwist 10 and
10 and 11 form
10 and 16 morphology
11 form 12 filaments
11 form 13 with
13 with 15 ribbonlike
14 a 15 ribbonlike

tau protein is the major component of all of these ultrastructures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 tau 2 protein
2 protein 3 is
3 is 6 component
4 the 6 component
5 major 6 component
6 component 7 of
7 of 8 all
8 all 9 of
9 of 11 ultrastructures
10 these 11 ultrastructures

the molecular basis of the association of 14 - 3 - 3ζ within nfts and [the] pathological significance of its association are not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 basis
2 molecular 3 basis
3 basis 4 of
3 basis 15 and
4 of 6 association
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
6 association 12 3ζ
7 of 8 14
8 14 10 3
9 - 10 3
10 3 11 -
12 3ζ 13 within
13 within 14 nfts
15 and 18 significance
15 and 19 of
15 and 22 are
17 pathological 18 significance
19 of 21 association
20 its 21 association
22 are 23 not
22 are 24 known

in this study , we have found that 14 - 3 - 3ζ is copurified and co [-] immunoprecipitates with tau from nfts of ad brain extract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 14 is
2 this 3 study
3 study 10 -
4 , 10 -
5 we 6 have
6 have 7 found
7 found 8 that
8 that 9 14
8 that 10 -
9 14 10 -
10 - 11 3
10 - 12 -
13 3ζ 14 is
14 is 15 copurified
16 and 17 co
16 and 19 immunoprecipitates
17 co 19 immunoprecipitates
19 immunoprecipitates 20 with
20 with 21 tau
21 tau 22 from
22 from 27 extract
23 nfts 24 of
23 nfts 27 extract
24 of 25 ad
26 brain 27 extract

in vitro , tau binds to both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated tau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tau
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 binds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 3 ,
2 vitro 4 tau
4 tau 5 binds
5 binds 6 to
6 to 9 and
7 both 8 phosphorylated
8 phosphorylated 9 and
9 and 10 nonphosphorylated
9 and 11 tau

when incubated with 14 - 3 - 3ζ , tau forms amorphous aggregates , single - stranded , straight filaments , ribbonlike filaments , and phf - like filaments , all of which resemble the corresponding ultrastructures found in ad brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 tau
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 when 2 incubated
1 when 7 -
1 when 10 tau
2 incubated 3 with
3 with 4 14
4 14 6 3
5 - 6 3
6 3 7 -
8 3ζ 9 ,
8 3ζ 10 tau
10 tau 11 forms
11 forms 13 aggregates
12 amorphous 13 aggregates
14 , 15 single
14 , 16 -
16 - 25 and
16 - 38 found
17 stranded 18 ,
17 stranded 25 and
19 straight 20 filaments
20 filaments 21 ,
21 , 23 filaments
21 , 25 and
22 ribbonlike 23 filaments
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 phf
25 and 30 ,
25 and 31 all
25 and 34 resemble
25 and 38 found
26 phf 28 like
27 - 28 like
28 like 29 filaments
28 like 30 ,
31 all 32 of
31 all 34 resemble
32 of 33 which
34 resemble 37 ultrastructures
35 the 37 ultrastructures
36 corresponding 37 ultrastructures
38 found 39 in
38 found 41 brain
40 ad 41 brain

[immuno] - electron microscopy determined that both tau and 14 - 3 [-] 3ζ are present in these ultrastructures and that they are formed in an incubation time - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 - 4 microscopy
3 electron 4 microscopy
4 microscopy 5 determined
5 determined 20 and
6 that 9 and
6 that 15 are
6 that 20 and
7 both 9 and
8 tau 9 and
9 and 14 3ζ
9 and 15 are
10 14 11 -
11 - 12 3
11 - 14 3ζ
15 are 16 present
16 present 17 in
17 in 19 ultrastructures
18 these 19 ultrastructures
20 and 21 that
21 that 22 they
21 that 24 formed
22 they 23 are
23 are 24 formed
24 formed 25 in
24 formed 28 time
25 in 27 incubation
26 an 27 incubation
29 - 31 manner
30 dependent 31 manner

amorphous aggregates are formed first . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aggregates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 formed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 amorphous 2 aggregates
2 aggregates 3 are
3 are 4 formed
4 formed 5 first

as the incubation time increases , the size of amorphous aggregates increases and they are incorporated into single - stranded filaments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 size
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 as 4 time
1 as 5 increases
1 as 6 ,
1 as 8 size
2 the 4 time
3 incubation 4 time
4 time 5 increases
7 the 8 size
8 size 9 of
8 size 12 increases
9 of 11 aggregates
10 amorphous 11 aggregates
13 and 14 they
13 and 16 incorporated
14 they 15 are
15 are 16 incorporated
16 incorporated 17 into
17 into 21 filaments
18 single 19 -
18 single 21 filaments
20 stranded 21 filaments

single - stranded filaments laterally associate to form double - stranded [,] ribbonlike , and phf - like filaments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 single
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 - 4 filaments
2 - 6 associate
3 stranded 4 filaments
4 filaments 6 associate
5 laterally 6 associate
6 associate 7 to
7 to 15 and
8 form 13 ribbonlike
8 form 15 and
9 double 10 -
9 double 13 ribbonlike
11 stranded 13 ribbonlike
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 like
16 phf 17 -
16 phf 18 like
18 like 19 filaments

both tau and phosphorylated tau aggregate in a similar manner when they are incubated with 14 - 3 - 3ζ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aggregate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 both 3 and
2 tau 3 and
3 and 5 tau
3 and 6 aggregate
4 phosphorylated 5 tau
6 aggregate 7 in
6 aggregate 11 when
7 in 10 manner
8 a 9 similar
8 a 10 manner
9 similar 10 manner
11 when 12 they
11 when 14 incubated
12 they 13 are
13 are 14 incubated
14 incubated 15 with
14 incubated 20 3ζ
15 with 16 14
16 14 18 3
17 - 18 3
18 3 19 -

our data suggest that 14 - 3 - 3ζ has a role in the fibrillization of tau in ad brain , and that tau phosphorylation does not affect 14 - 3 - 3ζ - induced tau aggregation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
1 our 2 data
2 data 22 and
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 10 has
3 suggest 22 and
4 that 5 14
4 that 9 3ζ
4 that 10 has
5 14 7 3
5 14 9 3ζ
6 - 7 3
7 3 8 -
10 has 12 role
10 has 13 in
10 has 18 in
11 a 12 role
13 in 15 fibrillization
14 the 15 fibrillization
15 fibrillization 16 of
16 of 17 tau
18 in 20 brain
19 ad 20 brain
21 , 22 and
22 and 28 affect
23 that 25 phosphorylation
24 tau 25 phosphorylation
25 phosphorylation 26 does
26 does 27 not
26 does 28 affect
28 affect 29 14
30 - 31 3
30 - 35 induced
30 - 38 .
31 3 33 3ζ
31 3 35 induced
32 - 33 3ζ
33 3ζ 34 -
35 induced 37 aggregation
36 tau 37 aggregation

there are approximately 5,700 hospitals in the united states , 3,000 - 4,000 that are antiquated or obsolescing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 there 2 are
2 are 5 hospitals
3 approximately 4 5,700
4 5,700 5 hospitals
5 hospitals 6 in
6 in 9 states
7 the 9 states
8 united 9 states
9 states 12 -
10 , 12 -
11 3,000 12 -
12 - 13 4,000
12 - 14 that
12 - 15 are
12 - 19 .
14 that 15 are
15 are 17 or
16 antiquated 17 or
17 or 18 obsolescing

to meet increased service demands , remain financially viable ; meet needs to upgrade aging infrastructure and incorporate medical and technology advancements , healthcare facilities are in a perpetual state of construction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 to 6 ,
2 meet 5 demands
2 meet 6 ,
3 increased 4 service
4 service 5 demands
6 , 7 remain
7 remain 8 financially
7 remain 9 viable
10 ; 11 meet
10 ; 23 ,
11 meet 12 needs
12 needs 13 to
12 needs 17 and
13 to 17 and
14 upgrade 16 infrastructure
14 upgrade 17 and
15 aging 16 infrastructure
17 and 18 incorporate
18 incorporate 20 and
19 medical 20 and
20 and 22 advancements
21 technology 22 advancements
23 , 25 facilities
23 , 26 are
24 healthcare 25 facilities
25 facilities 26 are
26 are 27 in
27 in 30 state
28 a 30 state
29 perpetual 30 state
30 state 31 of
31 of 32 construction

outbreaks of nosocomial infections have historically been documented in association with construction and renovation actives within health care facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 outbreaks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 outbreaks 2 of
1 outbreaks 5 have
2 of 4 infections
3 nosocomial 4 infections
5 have 7 been
6 historically 7 been
7 been 8 documented
8 documented 10 association
8 documented 11 with
8 documented 16 within
9 in 10 association
11 with 13 and
12 construction 13 and
13 and 15 actives
14 renovation 15 actives
16 within 19 facilities
17 health 19 facilities
18 care 19 facilities

for most healthy individuals , environmental exposures to etiological agents , results in no adverse effects but [in] [immune] [-] compromised patient , they are left susceptible to inadvertent exposures during construction to opportunistic bacteria , fungi and viruses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 for 4 individuals
1 for 17 but
2 most 3 healthy
3 healthy 4 individuals
4 individuals 7 exposures
5 , 7 exposures
6 environmental 7 exposures
7 exposures 8 to
7 exposures 11 ,
8 to 10 agents
9 etiological 10 agents
12 results 13 in
12 results 17 but
13 in 16 effects
14 no 16 effects
15 adverse 16 effects
17 but 21 compromised
21 compromised 22 patient
23 , 24 they
23 , 25 are
24 they 25 are
25 are 26 left
25 are 27 susceptible
27 susceptible 28 to
27 susceptible 31 during
27 susceptible 33 to
28 to 30 exposures
29 inadvertent 30 exposures
31 during 32 construction
33 to 38 and
34 opportunistic 35 bacteria
35 bacteria 36 ,
36 , 37 fungi
36 , 38 and
38 and 39 viruses

evidence scientifically linking construction work and nosocomial infections as well as the efficacy and clinical relevance of infection control precautions is somewhat lacking but the empirical evidence and recommendations to support protective measures is steadily growing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 evidence 3 linking
1 evidence 34 is
2 scientifically 3 linking
3 linking 6 and
3 linking 10 well
3 linking 11 as
4 construction 5 work
5 work 6 and
6 and 8 infections
7 nosocomial 8 infections
9 as 10 well
11 as 16 relevance
11 as 31 support
12 the 16 relevance
13 efficacy 14 and
14 and 15 clinical
14 and 16 relevance
16 relevance 17 of
16 relevance 21 is
17 of 20 precautions
18 infection 20 precautions
19 control 20 precautions
21 is 22 somewhat
21 is 23 lacking
23 lacking 24 but
23 lacking 30 to
24 but 28 and
25 the 27 evidence
26 empirical 27 evidence
27 evidence 28 and
28 and 29 recommendations
30 to 31 support
31 support 33 measures
32 protective 33 measures
34 is 35 steadily
34 is 36 growing

clinically significant hoarding behaviors ( hb ) have been defined as acquisition [of] , and failure to discard , large numbers of items , which limits the use of one's home and causes functional impairment or distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 behaviors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 clinically 4 behaviors
2 significant 4 behaviors
3 hoarding 4 behaviors
4 behaviors 6 hb
4 behaviors 8 have
5 ( 6 hb
6 hb 7 )
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 defined
10 defined 11 as
11 as 15 and
12 acquisition 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 failure
15 and 17 to
15 and 18 discard
15 and 23 items
17 to 18 discard
19 , 23 items
20 large 21 numbers
21 numbers 22 of
21 numbers 23 items
22 of 23 items
23 items 24 ,
24 , 25 which
24 , 32 and
25 which 32 and
26 limits 28 use
26 limits 31 home
26 limits 32 and
27 the 28 use
28 use 29 of
29 of 30 one's
32 and 36 or
33 causes 35 impairment
33 causes 36 or
34 functional 35 impairment
36 or 37 distress

hb disproportionally affect adults aged 55 and older , and although research on hb has accelerated in the past decade , few studies focus on older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 hb 3 affect
2 disproportionally 3 affect
3 affect 4 adults
3 affect 7 and
5 aged 6 55
5 aged 7 and
7 and 8 older
9 , 10 and
10 and 23 studies
10 and 24 focus
11 although 12 research
11 although 16 accelerated
11 although 21 ,
11 although 23 studies
12 research 13 on
12 research 15 has
13 on 14 hb
15 has 16 accelerated
16 accelerated 17 in
17 in 20 decade
18 the 19 past
18 the 20 decade
22 few 23 studies
23 studies 24 focus
24 focus 25 on
25 on 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

this qualitative study , based on grounded theory methodology , utilized interview data from 22 older adults with hb to understand the dynamic interaction between hb and the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 3 study
2 qualitative 3 study
3 study 5 based
3 study 11 utilized
4 , 5 based
5 based 6 on
5 based 10 ,
6 on 9 methodology
7 grounded 9 methodology
8 theory 9 methodology
11 utilized 13 data
11 utilized 20 to
12 interview 13 data
13 data 14 from
14 from 17 adults
15 22 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
17 adults 18 with
18 with 19 hb
20 to 21 understand
21 understand 24 interaction
21 understand 25 between
22 the 24 interaction
23 dynamic 24 interaction
25 between 27 and
26 hb 27 and
27 and 30 process
28 the 30 process
29 aging 30 process

participants described the specific ways that their chronic hb were complicated by changes in their health status , social context , and home setting , resulting in greater functional impairment and distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 participants 2 described
1 participants 12 by
1 participants 18 ,
2 described 5 ways
3 the 5 ways
4 specific 5 ways
5 ways 6 that
6 that 9 hb
6 that 10 were
7 their 9 hb
8 chronic 9 hb
9 hb 10 were
10 were 11 complicated
12 by 13 changes
13 changes 14 in
14 in 17 status
15 their 17 status
16 health 17 status
18 , 20 context
18 , 22 and
19 social 20 context
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 setting
22 and 25 ,
22 and 26 resulting
23 home 24 setting
26 resulting 27 in
27 in 31 and
28 greater 30 impairment
29 functional 30 impairment
30 impairment 31 and
31 and 32 distress

by identifying these changes that commonly occur with age and their synergistic relationship with hb , nurses and other health professionals can develop targeted interventions to improve home safety and support the independence of these older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 by 2 identifying
1 by 16 ,
1 by 18 and
2 identifying 4 changes
3 these 4 changes
4 changes 5 that
4 changes 7 occur
5 that 7 occur
6 commonly 7 occur
7 occur 8 with
7 occur 14 with
8 with 10 and
9 age 10 and
10 and 13 relationship
11 their 13 relationship
12 synergistic 13 relationship
14 with 15 hb
17 nurses 18 and
18 and 30 and
19 other 21 professionals
20 health 21 professionals
21 professionals 22 can
22 can 23 develop
23 develop 25 interventions
23 develop 26 to
24 targeted 25 interventions
26 to 30 and
27 improve 29 safety
27 improve 30 and
28 home 29 safety
30 and 31 support
31 support 33 independence
32 the 33 independence
33 independence 34 of
34 of 37 adults
35 these 37 adults
36 older 37 adults

the von economo neurons ( vens ) are large bipolar layer v projection neurons found chiefly in the anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 neurons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 neurons
2 von 3 economo
3 economo 4 neurons
4 neurons 6 vens
4 neurons 8 are
5 ( 6 vens
6 vens 7 )
8 are 14 neurons
9 large 14 neurons
10 bipolar 14 neurons
11 layer 12 v
11 layer 13 projection
13 projection 14 neurons
14 neurons 15 found
15 found 16 chiefly
16 chiefly 17 in
17 in 21 and
18 the 20 cingulate
19 anterior 20 cingulate
20 cingulate 21 and
21 and 23 cortices
22 frontoinsular 23 cortices

although vens have been linked to prevalent illnesses such as frontotemporal dementia , autism , and schizophrenia , little is known about ven identity , including their major projection targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 known
1 although 2 vens
1 although 5 linked
1 although 18 ,
1 although 19 little
2 vens 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 linked
5 linked 6 to
6 to 8 illnesses
7 prevalent 8 illnesses
8 illnesses 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 16 and
11 frontotemporal 14 autism
12 dementia 13 ,
12 dementia 14 autism
14 autism 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 schizophrenia
19 little 20 is
20 is 21 known
21 known 22 about
22 about 24 identity
23 ven 24 identity
24 identity 26 including
25 , 26 including
26 including 30 targets
26 including 31 .
27 their 30 targets
28 major 30 targets
29 projection 30 targets

here , we undertook a developmental transcription factor expression study , focusing on markers associated with specific classes of layer v projection neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 undertook
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 undertook
4 undertook 10 study
5 a 6 developmental
5 a 10 study
6 developmental 7 transcription
7 transcription 10 study
8 factor 10 study
9 expression 10 study
11 , 12 focusing
11 , 15 associated
12 focusing 13 on
12 focusing 15 associated
13 on 14 markers
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 classes
17 specific 18 classes
18 classes 19 of
19 of 23 neurons
20 layer 21 v
20 layer 22 projection
22 projection 23 neurons

using mrna in situ [hybridization] , we found that vens prominently express fezf2 and ctip2 , transcription factors that regulate the fate and differentiation of subcerebral projection neurons , in humans aged 3 months to 65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 using 2 mrna
1 using 4 situ
1 using 6 ,
1 using 7 we
3 in 4 situ
7 we 8 found
8 found 9 that
9 that 10 vens
9 that 12 express
10 vens 12 express
11 prominently 12 express
12 express 14 and
13 fezf2 14 and
14 and 15 ctip2
16 , 18 factors
16 , 32 aged
17 transcription 18 factors
18 factors 19 that
18 factors 20 regulate
18 factors 32 aged
19 that 20 regulate
20 regulate 23 and
20 regulate 30 in
21 the 22 fate
22 fate 23 and
23 and 24 differentiation
23 and 29 ,
24 differentiation 25 of
25 of 28 neurons
26 subcerebral 28 neurons
27 projection 28 neurons
30 in 31 humans
32 aged 35 to
33 3 34 months
34 months 35 to
35 to 37 years
36 65 37 years

in contrast , few vens expressed markers associated with callosal or corticothalamic projections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 markers
4 few 7 markers
5 vens 6 expressed
6 expressed 7 markers
7 markers 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 13 projections
10 callosal 11 or
11 or 12 corticothalamic
11 or 13 projections

these findings suggest that vens may represent a [specialized] layer v projection neuron for linking cortical autonomic control sites to brainstem or spinal cord regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 vens
4 that 7 represent
5 vens 6 may
6 may 7 represent
7 represent 13 neuron
7 represent 14 for
8 a 13 neuron
10 layer 11 v
10 layer 12 projection
12 projection 13 neuron
14 for 15 linking
15 linking 19 sites
15 linking 20 to
16 cortical 18 control
17 autonomic 18 control
18 control 19 sites
20 to 22 or
21 brainstem 22 or
22 or 25 regions
23 spinal 24 cord
24 cord 25 regions

increased frontal cortex activation during cognitive task performance is common in aging but remains poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 increased 3 cortex
2 frontal 3 cortex
3 cortex 4 activation
4 activation 5 during
4 activation 13 but
5 during 8 performance
6 cognitive 7 task
7 task 8 performance
9 is 10 common
9 is 13 but
10 common 11 in
11 in 12 aging
13 but 14 remains
14 remains 16 understood
15 poorly 16 understood

here we explored patterns of age - related frontal brain activations under multiple task performance conditions and their relationship to white matter ( wm ) microstructure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 explored
3 explored 4 patterns
4 patterns 5 of
5 of 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 11 activations
9 frontal 10 brain
10 brain 11 activations
11 activations 12 under
11 activations 17 and
11 activations 26 microstructure
12 under 15 performance
13 multiple 15 performance
14 task 15 performance
16 conditions 17 and
17 and 19 relationship
17 and 20 to
17 and 26 microstructure
18 their 19 relationship
20 to 22 matter
21 white 22 matter
22 matter 24 wm
23 ( 24 wm
24 wm 25 )

groups of younger ( [n] [=] [28] [ )(and older ( n = 33 ) participants completed a task - switching [paradigm] while functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) was performed , and rested while diffusion tensor imaging was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 groups 2 of
1 groups 34 and
2 of 16 participants
3 younger 9 )(and
4 ( 9 )(and
9 )(and 10 older
9 )(and 15 )
9 )(and 16 participants
10 older 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 33
17 completed 19 task
17 completed 21 switching
17 completed 34 and
18 a 19 task
20 - 21 switching
21 switching 23 while
21 switching 33 ,
23 while 27 imaging
23 while 31 was
24 functional 26 resonance
25 magnetic 26 resonance
26 resonance 27 imaging
27 imaging 29 fmri
27 imaging 31 was
28 ( 29 fmri
29 fmri 30 )
31 was 32 performed
34 and 35 rested
35 rested 36 while
36 while 39 imaging
36 while 41 performed
37 diffusion 39 imaging
38 tensor 39 imaging
39 imaging 40 was
40 was 41 performed

results from fmri analyses indicated age - related increases in frontal brain activations under conditions of poorer performance in the older group ( the nonswitch and switch conditions ) and for a contrast in which behavioral performance was equated ( older group nonswitch condition vs [.] younger group switch condition ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 results 2 from
1 results 4 analyses
2 from 3 fmri
4 analyses 6 age
5 indicated 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 increases
8 related 30 and
9 increases 10 in
9 increases 14 under
10 in 13 activations
11 frontal 13 activations
12 brain 13 activations
14 under 15 conditions
15 conditions 16 of
16 of 18 performance
17 poorer 18 performance
19 in 22 group
19 in 30 and
20 the 22 group
21 older 22 group
22 group 26 and
23 ( 26 and
24 the 25 nonswitch
25 nonswitch 26 and
26 and 28 conditions
26 and 29 )
27 switch 28 conditions
30 and 31 for
31 for 33 contrast
32 a 33 contrast
33 contrast 34 in
33 contrast 44 condition
34 in 35 which
34 in 37 performance
34 in 39 equated
36 behavioral 37 performance
37 performance 38 was
38 was 39 equated
40 ( 44 condition
41 older 44 condition
42 group 44 condition
43 nonswitch 44 condition
44 condition 45 vs
44 condition 51 )
45 vs 50 condition
47 younger 48 group
48 group 50 condition
49 switch 50 condition

within the older adult group , higher frontal activation was associated with poorer behavioral performance under all task conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 within 5 group
1 within 6 ,
1 within 9 activation
2 the 5 group
3 older 4 adult
4 adult 5 group
7 higher 9 activation
8 frontal 9 activation
9 activation 10 was
10 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 under
12 with 15 performance
13 poorer 15 performance
14 behavioral 15 performance
16 under 19 conditions
17 all 19 conditions
18 task 19 conditions

in 2 regions in right frontal cortex [,] blood oxygen level - dependent ( bold ) magnitudes were negatively correlated with wm integrity in tracts connecting these structures with other task [-] relevant frontoparietal and striatal regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 in 2 2
1 in 3 regions
3 regions 4 in
3 regions 11 level
4 in 10 oxygen
5 right 7 cortex
6 frontal 7 cortex
7 cortex 10 oxygen
9 blood 10 oxygen
12 - 17 magnitudes
12 - 20 correlated
12 - 38 .
13 dependent 15 bold
13 dependent 17 magnitudes
14 ( 15 bold
15 bold 16 )
17 magnitudes 18 were
18 were 19 negatively
18 were 20 correlated
20 correlated 21 with
21 with 23 integrity
21 with 28 structures
22 wm 23 integrity
23 integrity 24 in
23 integrity 26 connecting
24 in 25 tracts
27 these 28 structures
28 structures 29 with
29 with 37 regions
30 other 37 regions
31 task 37 regions
33 relevant 37 regions
34 frontoparietal 35 and
35 and 36 striatal
35 and 37 regions

our results link age - related declines in the efficiency of frontal cortex functioning with lower wm integrity in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 link
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 link
3 link 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 declines
6 related 8 in
6 related 15 with
6 related 21 .
8 in 10 efficiency
9 the 10 efficiency
10 efficiency 11 of
11 of 14 functioning
12 frontal 13 cortex
13 cortex 14 functioning
15 with 18 integrity
16 lower 18 integrity
17 wm 18 integrity
18 integrity 19 in
19 in 20 aging

purpose : cns - directed chemotherapy ( ct [ )(and cranial radiotherapy ( crt ) for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma have various neurotoxic properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 21 or
2 : 23 have
3 cns 6 chemotherapy
3 cns 16 for
3 cns 21 or
4 - 6 chemotherapy
5 directed 6 chemotherapy
6 chemotherapy 10 )(and
6 chemotherapy 15 )
7 ( 10 )(and
8 ct 10 )(and
10 )(and 12 radiotherapy
10 )(and 14 crt
10 )(and 15 )
11 cranial 12 radiotherapy
13 ( 14 crt
14 crt 15 )
16 for 20 leukemia
17 childhood 20 leukemia
18 acute 20 leukemia
19 lymphoblastic 20 leukemia
21 or 22 lymphoma
21 or 23 have
23 have 26 properties
24 various 26 properties
25 neurotoxic 26 properties

this study aimed to assess their impact on the maturing brain 20 to 30 years after diagnosis , providing a much stronger perspective on long - term quality of life than previous studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 7 impact
5 assess 16 after
6 their 7 impact
7 impact 8 on
8 on 11 brain
9 the 11 brain
10 maturing 11 brain
12 20 13 to
13 to 14 30
13 to 15 years
15 years 16 after
16 after 17 diagnosis
17 diagnosis 19 providing
18 , 19 providing
19 providing 23 perspective
19 providing 24 on
19 providing 31 than
19 providing 34 .
20 a 23 perspective
21 much 22 stronger
22 stronger 23 perspective
24 on 28 quality
25 long 26 -
25 long 27 term
27 term 28 quality
28 quality 29 of
29 of 30 life
31 than 33 studies
32 previous 33 studies

patients and methods : ninety - three patients treated between 1978 and 1990 at various intensities , [with] and without crt , and 49 healthy controls [were] assessed with magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) and neuropsychological tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 patients 3 methods
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 38 and
5 ninety 6 -
6 - 7 three
6 - 8 patients
8 patients 9 treated
8 patients 10 between
8 patients 19 and
8 patients 23 and
10 between 12 and
11 1978 12 and
12 and 13 1990
14 at 16 intensities
14 at 19 and
15 various 16 intensities
17 , 19 and
19 and 20 without
20 without 21 crt
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 controls
23 and 28 assessed
23 and 36 dti
23 and 38 and
24 49 26 controls
25 healthy 26 controls
28 assessed 29 with
29 with 34 imaging
30 magnetic 31 resonance
31 resonance 32 diffusion
32 diffusion 34 imaging
33 tensor 34 imaging
35 ( 36 dti
36 dti 37 )
38 and 40 tests
39 neuropsychological 40 tests

differences in fractional anisotropy ( fa ) - a dti measure describing white matter ( wm ) microstructure - [were] analyzed by using whole brain voxel - based analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 microstructure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 18 microstructure
2 in 4 anisotropy
3 fractional 4 anisotropy
4 anisotropy 6 fa
4 anisotropy 11 measure
5 ( 6 fa
6 fa 7 )
8 - 11 measure
9 a 11 measure
10 dti 11 measure
11 measure 12 describing
11 measure 17 )
12 describing 14 matter
13 white 14 matter
14 matter 16 wm
15 ( 16 wm
16 wm 17 )
18 microstructure 21 analyzed
19 - 21 analyzed
21 analyzed 22 by
21 analyzed 27 -
22 by 23 using
23 using 26 voxel
24 whole 25 brain
25 brain 26 voxel
27 - 29 analysis
27 - 30 .
28 based 29 analysis

results : crt - treated survivors demonstrated significantly decreased fa compared with controls in frontal , parietal , and temporal wm tracts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 crt
4 - 6 survivors
4 - 7 demonstrated
4 - 23 .
5 treated 6 survivors
6 survivors 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 10 fa
7 demonstrated 12 with
7 demonstrated 14 in
8 significantly 9 decreased
9 decreased 10 fa
10 fa 11 compared
12 with 13 controls
14 in 22 tracts
15 frontal 16 ,
15 frontal 22 tracts
17 parietal 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 temporal
19 and 22 tracts
21 wm 22 tracts

trends for lower fa were seen in the ct - treated survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 trends 2 for
1 trends 5 were
2 for 4 fa
3 lower 4 fa
5 were 6 seen
6 seen 7 in
7 in 9 ct
8 the 9 ct
10 - 12 survivors
10 - 13 .
11 treated 12 survivors

decreases in fa correlated well with neuropsychological dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 decreases 2 in
1 decreases 4 correlated
2 in 3 fa
4 correlated 5 well
4 correlated 6 with
6 with 8 dysfunction
7 neuropsychological 8 dysfunction

in contrast to the ct group and controls , the crt group showed a steep decline of fa with age at assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 9 ,
1 in 12 group
2 contrast 3 to
3 to 7 and
4 the 6 group
5 ct 6 group
6 group 7 and
7 and 8 controls
10 the 12 group
11 crt 12 group
12 group 13 showed
13 showed 16 decline
14 a 15 steep
14 a 16 decline
15 steep 16 decline
16 decline 17 of
17 of 18 fa
18 fa 19 with
19 with 20 age
20 age 21 at
21 at 22 assessment

younger age at cranial irradiation and higher dosage were associated with worse outcome [of] wm integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 younger 2 age
2 age 3 at
2 age 6 and
3 at 5 irradiation
4 cranial 5 irradiation
6 and 8 dosage
6 and 9 were
7 higher 8 dosage
9 were 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 16 integrity
12 worse 13 outcome
13 outcome 16 integrity
15 wm 16 integrity

conclusion : crt - treated survivors show decreased wm integrity reflected by significantly decreased fa and associated neuropsychological dysfunction 25 years after treatment , although effects of ct alone seem mild . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reflected
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 crt
4 - 11 reflected
5 treated 6 survivors
6 survivors 7 show
7 show 9 wm
7 show 10 integrity
7 show 11 reflected
8 decreased 9 wm
10 integrity 11 reflected
11 reflected 12 by
12 by 16 and
13 significantly 14 decreased
14 decreased 15 fa
14 decreased 16 and
16 and 17 associated
17 associated 19 dysfunction
17 associated 25 although
18 neuropsychological 19 dysfunction
19 dysfunction 22 after
20 25 21 years
21 years 22 after
22 after 23 treatment
24 , 25 although
25 although 26 effects
25 although 30 seem
25 although 32 .
26 effects 27 of
26 effects 30 seem
27 of 28 ct
29 alone 30 seem
30 seem 31 mild

accelerated aging of the brain and increased risk of early onset dementia [are] suspected after crt , but not after ct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 accelerated 2 aging
1 accelerated 6 and
2 aging 3 of
3 of 5 brain
4 the 5 brain
6 and 7 increased
7 increased 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 12 dementia
10 early 11 onset
11 onset 12 dementia
12 dementia 14 suspected
14 suspected 18 but
15 after 16 crt
15 after 18 but
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 not
18 but 20 after
20 after 21 ct

[a] wealth of evidence has revealed that the heart can be " conditioned " and rendered less vulnerable to ischemia - reperfusion injury via the upregulation of endogenous protective signaling pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 wealth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 wealth 3 of
2 wealth 5 has
3 of 4 evidence
5 has 15 and
6 revealed 7 that
6 revealed 15 and
7 that 9 heart
7 that 13 conditioned
8 the 9 heart
9 heart 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 "
11 be 13 conditioned
13 conditioned 14 "
15 and 16 rendered
15 and 24 via
16 rendered 17 less
16 rendered 18 vulnerable
18 vulnerable 19 to
19 to 23 injury
20 ischemia 21 -
20 ischemia 22 reperfusion
22 reperfusion 23 injury
24 via 26 upregulation
25 the 26 upregulation
26 upregulation 27 of
27 of 31 pathways
28 endogenous 31 pathways
29 protective 31 pathways
30 signaling 31 pathways

three distinct conditioning strategies have been identified : [(] 1 [ )(preconditioning , the phenomenon [where] brief episodes of myocardial ischemia ( too brief to cause cardiomyocyte death ) limit necrosis caused by a subsequent sustained ischemic insult [;] ( 2 ) postconditioning [,] the concept that relief of myocardial ischemia in [a] staged or stuttered manner attenuates lethal ischemia - reperfusion injury [;] [and] ( 3 ) remote conditioning [,] [or] upregulation of a cardioprotective phenotype initiated by ischemia in a remote organ or tissue and " transported " [to] [the] heart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 three 4 strategies
2 distinct 4 strategies
3 conditioning 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 identified
8 : 12 )(preconditioning
8 : 13 ,
10 1 12 )(preconditioning
13 , 18 episodes
14 the 18 episodes
15 phenomenon 18 episodes
17 brief 18 episodes
18 episodes 19 of
18 episodes 24 brief
18 episodes 30 limit
19 of 21 ischemia
20 myocardial 21 ischemia
22 ( 24 brief
23 too 24 brief
24 brief 25 to
24 brief 29 )
25 to 28 death
26 cause 28 death
27 cardiomyocyte 28 death
30 limit 31 necrosis
31 necrosis 32 caused
31 necrosis 33 by
31 necrosis 43 postconditioning
33 by 38 insult
34 a 35 subsequent
34 a 38 insult
35 subsequent 38 insult
36 sustained 38 insult
37 ischemic 38 insult
38 insult 41 2
40 ( 41 2
41 2 42 )
43 postconditioning 46 concept
45 the 46 concept
46 concept 47 that
47 that 48 relief
47 that 58 attenuates
48 relief 49 of
48 relief 58 attenuates
49 of 51 ischemia
50 myocardial 51 ischemia
51 ischemia 52 in
52 in 55 or
54 staged 55 or
55 or 56 stuttered
56 stuttered 57 manner
58 attenuates 70 conditioning
59 lethal 70 conditioning
60 ischemia 63 injury
60 ischemia 68 )
60 ischemia 70 conditioning
61 - 63 injury
62 reperfusion 63 injury
63 injury 67 3
63 injury 68 )
66 ( 67 3
67 3 68 )
69 remote 70 conditioning
70 conditioning 73 upregulation
70 conditioning 78 initiated
73 upregulation 74 of
73 upregulation 78 initiated
74 of 77 phenotype
75 a 77 phenotype
76 cardioprotective 77 phenotype
78 initiated 79 by
79 by 87 and
80 ischemia 81 in
80 ischemia 87 and
81 in 85 or
82 a 84 organ
83 remote 84 organ
84 organ 85 or
85 or 86 tissue
87 and 88 "
87 and 93 heart
87 and 94 .
89 transported 90 "
89 transported 93 heart

progress has been made in defining the technical requirements and limitations of each of the 3 ischemic conditioning models ( including the timing and severity of the protective stimulus [ )(, as well as elucidating the molecular mechanisms ( in particular , the receptor - mediated signaling pathways [ )(responsible for conditioning - induced myocardial protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 progress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 made
1 progress 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 made
4 made 5 in
5 in 6 defining
6 defining 10 and
7 the 9 requirements
8 technical 9 requirements
9 requirements 10 and
10 and 11 limitations
10 and 12 of
10 and 14 of
12 of 13 each
14 of 16 3
15 the 16 3
16 3 18 conditioning
16 3 19 models
17 ischemic 18 conditioning
18 conditioning 19 models
19 models 21 including
20 ( 21 including
21 including 24 and
22 the 24 and
23 timing 24 and
24 and 25 severity
24 and 31 )(,
24 and 34 as
25 severity 26 of
26 of 29 stimulus
27 the 29 stimulus
28 protective 29 stimulus
32 as 33 well
33 well 34 as
34 as 35 elucidating
35 elucidating 38 mechanisms
36 the 38 mechanisms
37 molecular 38 mechanisms
38 mechanisms 41 particular
38 mechanisms 45 -
39 ( 41 particular
40 in 41 particular
41 particular 42 ,
42 , 45 -
43 the 44 receptor
44 receptor 45 -
45 - 48 pathways
46 mediated 48 pathways
47 signaling 48 pathways
48 pathways 50 )(responsible
50 )(responsible 51 for
51 for 52 conditioning
52 conditioning 56 protection
53 - 56 protection
54 induced 56 protection
55 myocardial 56 protection
56 protection 57 .

moreover , phase iii clinical trials [are] in progress , seeking to capitalize on the protection that can be achieved by postconditioning and remote conditioning , and applying these strategies in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or angioplasty for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 phase
3 phase 4 iii
3 phase 6 trials
3 phase 8 in
5 clinical 6 trials
8 in 9 progress
10 , 11 seeking
10 , 20 achieved
11 seeking 12 to
11 seeking 13 capitalize
11 seeking 20 achieved
12 to 13 capitalize
13 capitalize 14 on
14 on 16 protection
15 the 16 protection
16 protection 17 that
16 protection 19 be
17 that 18 can
18 can 19 be
20 achieved 21 by
20 achieved 30 strategies
21 by 27 and
22 postconditioning 23 and
23 and 25 conditioning
23 and 27 and
24 remote 25 conditioning
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 applying
29 these 30 strategies
30 strategies 31 in
30 strategies 33 undergoing
31 in 32 patients
33 undergoing 36 or
34 cardiac 35 surgery
35 surgery 36 or
36 or 37 angioplasty
36 or 38 for
38 for 40 treatment
39 the 40 treatment
40 treatment 41 of
41 of 44 infarction
42 acute 44 infarction
43 myocardial 44 infarction

successful clinical application of myocardial conditioning will therefore require an understanding of the potential confounding consequences of these comorbidities on the " conditioned " phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 application
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 successful 3 application
2 clinical 3 application
3 application 4 of
3 application 7 will
4 of 6 conditioning
5 myocardial 6 conditioning
7 will 9 require
8 therefore 9 require
9 require 11 understanding
9 require 20 on
10 an 11 understanding
11 understanding 12 of
11 understanding 15 confounding
12 of 14 potential
13 the 14 potential
15 confounding 16 consequences
16 consequences 17 of
17 of 19 comorbidities
18 these 19 comorbidities
20 on 25 phenotype
21 the 22 "
21 the 25 phenotype
23 conditioned 24 "
23 conditioned 25 phenotype

in 1984 , newell and coworkers were the first to suggest that testicular cancer might have a viral etiology since it showed similar characteristics to hodgkin 's lymphoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 1984
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 and
4 newell 5 and
5 and 6 coworkers
5 and 7 were
7 were 9 first
8 the 9 first
9 first 10 to
9 first 22 showed
10 to 11 suggest
11 suggest 14 cancer
11 suggest 22 showed
12 that 13 testicular
13 testicular 14 cancer
14 cancer 15 might
15 might 16 have
16 have 18 viral
17 a 18 viral
19 etiology 20 since
19 etiology 22 showed
20 since 21 it
22 showed 24 characteristics
22 showed 25 to
23 similar 24 characteristics
25 to 28 lymphoma
26 hodgkin 27 's
27 's 28 lymphoma

a systematic literature review and meta - analysis was conducted to investigate a possible association between viral infections ( ebv , cmv , parvovirus b19 , hpv , and hiv ) and testicular cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 a 2 systematic
1 a 4 review
2 systematic 3 literature
3 literature 4 review
5 and 8 analysis
5 and 12 investigate
6 meta 7 -
6 meta 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 was
9 was 10 conducted
10 conducted 11 to
11 to 12 investigate
12 investigate 32 and
13 a 14 possible
13 a 15 association
14 possible 15 association
15 association 16 between
15 association 29 and
16 between 18 infections
17 viral 18 infections
18 infections 20 ebv
18 infections 22 cmv
18 infections 27 hpv
19 ( 20 ebv
20 ebv 21 ,
21 , 22 cmv
22 cmv 23 ,
23 , 27 hpv
24 parvovirus 25 b19
25 b19 27 hpv
26 , 27 hpv
27 hpv 28 ,
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 hiv
29 and 31 )
29 and 32 and
32 and 34 cancer
33 testicular 34 cancer

articles published from 1985 through june 2010 were located from medline and embase databases , 21 articles were finally included in the review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 located
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 articles 2 published
1 articles 3 from
1 articles 5 through
1 articles 8 were
3 from 4 1985
5 through 6 june
6 june 7 2010
8 were 9 located
9 located 10 from
10 from 12 and
11 medline 12 and
12 and 14 databases
13 embase 14 databases
15 , 17 articles
15 , 20 included
16 21 17 articles
17 articles 18 were
18 were 20 included
19 finally 20 included
20 included 21 in
21 in 23 review
22 the 23 review

for infection with ebv , cmv , parvovirus b19 , and hiv the pooled or were 4.80 ( 95 % ci 0.98 - 23.54 ) , 1.85 ( 95 % ci 0.92 - 3.70 ) , 2.86 ( 95 % ci 0.35 - 23.17 ) , [and] 1.79 ( 95 % ci 1.45 - 2.21 ) respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 for 11 and
1 for 15 or
2 infection 3 with
2 infection 11 and
3 with 4 ebv
4 ebv 6 cmv
5 , 6 cmv
6 cmv 9 b19
6 cmv 10 ,
7 , 9 b19
8 parvovirus 9 b19
9 b19 10 ,
11 and 12 hiv
13 the 15 or
14 pooled 15 or
15 or 16 were
16 were 17 4.80
16 were 57 respectively
17 4.80 21 ci
18 ( 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 22 0.98
21 ci 24 23.54
21 ci 27 1.85
21 ci 56 )
23 - 24 23.54
24 23.54 25 )
26 , 27 1.85
27 1.85 31 ci
27 1.85 56 )
28 ( 31 ci
29 95 31 ci
30 % 31 ci
31 ci 32 0.92
31 ci 34 3.70
31 ci 37 2.86
31 ci 56 )
33 - 34 3.70
34 3.70 35 )
36 , 37 2.86
37 2.86 41 ci
37 2.86 56 )
38 ( 41 ci
39 95 41 ci
40 % 41 ci
41 ci 42 0.35
41 ci 44 23.17
41 ci 48 1.79
41 ci 56 )
43 - 44 23.17
44 23.17 45 )
46 , 48 1.79
48 1.79 52 ci
48 1.79 56 )
49 ( 52 ci
50 95 52 ci
51 % 52 ci
52 ci 54 -
52 ci 56 )
53 1.45 54 -
54 - 55 2.21

no pooling was possible for hpv infection studies due to small numbers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pooling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 no 2 pooling
2 pooling 3 was
3 was 4 possible
4 possible 5 for
4 possible 10 to
5 for 8 studies
6 hpv 8 studies
7 infection 8 studies
9 due 10 to
10 to 12 numbers
11 small 12 numbers

the results support a possible association , but more epidemiological studies with better viral identification and localization methods are needed to verify these findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 16 and
3 support 11 studies
3 support 12 with
3 support 16 and
4 a 5 possible
4 a 6 association
5 possible 6 association
6 association 8 but
7 , 8 but
8 but 9 more
8 but 11 studies
10 epidemiological 11 studies
12 with 15 identification
13 better 15 identification
14 viral 15 identification
16 and 22 verify
17 localization 18 methods
18 methods 19 are
19 are 20 needed
20 needed 21 to
21 to 22 verify
22 verify 24 findings
23 these 24 findings

age [-] associated losses in muscle [mass] , or sarcopenia , are marked by accompanying decrements in strength and muscle quality , impairing balance and increasing the risk [for] falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 age 3 associated
1 age 9 or
1 age 15 accompanying
1 age 16 decrements
4 losses 5 in
4 losses 9 or
5 in 6 muscle
8 , 9 or
9 or 10 sarcopenia
9 or 11 ,
9 or 12 are
12 are 13 marked
13 marked 14 by
14 by 15 accompanying
16 decrements 17 in
17 in 19 and
18 strength 19 and
19 and 21 quality
19 and 22 ,
19 and 23 impairing
20 muscle 21 quality
23 impairing 24 balance
25 and 26 increasing
25 and 30 falls
26 increasing 28 risk
26 increasing 30 falls
27 the 28 risk

although progressive resistance training has been widely accepted as an appropriate modality for the treatment of sarcopenia , it has yet to offer consistent results in terms of improved balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 accepted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 3 resistance
1 although 4 training
2 progressive 3 resistance
4 training 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 widely
6 been 8 accepted
8 accepted 9 as
9 as 12 modality
10 an 11 appropriate
10 an 12 modality
11 appropriate 12 modality
12 modality 13 for
12 modality 16 of
13 for 15 treatment
14 the 15 treatment
16 of 17 sarcopenia
18 , 19 it
18 , 20 has
19 it 20 has
20 has 22 to
20 has 23 offer
21 yet 22 to
22 to 23 offer
23 offer 25 results
23 offer 26 in
24 consistent 25 results
26 in 27 terms
27 terms 28 of
28 of 30 balance
29 improved 30 balance

the purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects on static balance performance following a 6 [-] week full - body progressive resistance training program in untrained older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 7 was
3 of 6 research
4 the 6 research
5 present 6 research
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 investigate
8 to 9 investigate
9 investigate 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 on
12 on 15 performance
13 static 14 balance
14 balance 15 performance
15 performance 16 following
16 following 27 program
16 following 28 in
17 a 27 program
18 6 20 week
20 week 24 progressive
21 full 22 -
21 full 23 body
23 body 24 progressive
24 progressive 27 program
25 resistance 27 program
26 training 27 program
28 in 31 adults
29 untrained 31 adults
30 older 31 adults

evaluation of magnitude - based inferences indicated the progressive resistance training intervention to be likely beneficial for improving static balance performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 inferences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 evaluation 6 inferences
2 of 3 magnitude
2 of 4 -
2 of 6 inferences
5 based 6 inferences
6 inferences 7 indicated
7 indicated 10 resistance
8 the 10 resistance
9 progressive 10 resistance
10 resistance 11 training
10 resistance 16 beneficial
11 training 12 intervention
11 training 13 to
11 training 14 be
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 likely
16 beneficial 17 for
17 for 18 improving
18 improving 21 performance
19 static 20 balance
20 balance 21 performance

these results were likely related to the strengthening of all major muscle groups by the incorporation of both free weights and resistance machines in the exercise regimen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 free
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 were
3 were 5 related
4 likely 5 related
5 related 6 to
6 to 8 strengthening
7 the 8 strengthening
8 strengthening 9 of
8 strengthening 13 groups
8 strengthening 19 free
9 of 12 muscle
10 all 12 muscle
11 major 12 muscle
13 groups 14 by
13 groups 19 free
14 by 16 incorporation
15 the 16 incorporation
16 incorporation 17 of
17 of 18 both
19 free 21 and
19 free 24 in
20 weights 21 and
21 and 23 machines
22 resistance 23 machines
24 in 27 regimen
25 the 27 regimen
26 exercise 27 regimen

our findings support the use of progressive resistance training for untrained older adults to improve balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 support
3 support 5 use
3 support 14 to
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 9 training
7 progressive 8 resistance
8 resistance 9 training
9 training 10 for
10 for 13 adults
11 untrained 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 to 15 improve
15 improve 16 balance

background and aims : glycemic control in geriatric patients with type 2 diabetes ( t2dm ) remains clinically challenging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 6 control
4 : 17 remains
4 : 20 .
5 glycemic 6 control
6 control 7 in
6 control 17 remains
7 in 9 patients
8 geriatric 9 patients
9 patients 10 with
10 with 13 diabetes
11 type 13 diabetes
12 2 13 diabetes
13 diabetes 15 t2dm
14 ( 15 t2dm
15 t2dm 16 )
17 remains 18 clinically
17 remains 19 challenging

methods : this is a retrospective analysis of predefined endpoints from an integrated database of seven rcts of t2dm patients treated with insulin lispro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
3 this 4 is
4 is 7 analysis
5 a 6 retrospective
5 a 7 analysis
6 retrospective 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
7 analysis 15 of
7 analysis 21 treated
8 of 10 endpoints
9 predefined 10 endpoints
10 endpoints 11 from
11 from 14 database
12 an 14 database
13 integrated 14 database
15 of 20 patients
16 seven 20 patients
17 rcts 18 of
17 rcts 20 patients
18 of 19 t2dm
21 treated 22 with
22 with 23 insulin
22 with 24 lispro

changes in hba1c from baseline were evaluated with an analysis of covariance [model] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 6 were
2 in 3 hba1c
3 hba1c 4 from
4 from 5 baseline
6 were 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 with
8 with 10 analysis
9 an 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 of
11 of 12 covariance

secondary measures included [incidence] and rate of hypoglycemia , and incidence of cardiovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 secondary 2 measures
2 measures 3 included
2 measures 5 and
5 and 6 rate
5 and 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 hypoglycemia 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 incidence
10 and 12 of
12 of 14 events
13 cardiovascular 14 events

results : mean change in hba1c from baseline to month 3 was similar for geriatric ( - 0.97 % ) [and] [non] - geriatric patients ( - 1.05 % [ )( [least] - square ( ls ) mean difference [(] 95 % ci [ )(was 0.02 % ( - 0.11 , 0.15 % [;] p = 0.756 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 mean
2 : 12 was
3 mean 12 was
4 change 5 in
4 change 7 from
4 change 12 was
5 in 6 hba1c
7 from 8 baseline
8 baseline 9 to
9 to 10 month
10 month 11 3
12 was 13 similar
13 similar 14 for
14 for 25 patients
15 geriatric 19 %
15 geriatric 23 -
15 geriatric 25 patients
16 ( 19 %
17 - 18 0.97
18 0.97 19 %
19 % 20 )
24 geriatric 25 patients
25 patients 33 -
26 ( 33 -
27 - 28 1.05
28 1.05 29 %
29 % 33 -
33 - 43 ci
34 square 36 ls
34 square 39 difference
35 ( 36 ls
36 ls 37 )
38 mean 39 difference
39 difference 43 ci
41 95 43 ci
42 % 43 ci
43 ci 53 %
45 )(was 47 %
46 0.02 47 %
47 % 50 0.11
48 ( 50 0.11
49 - 50 0.11
50 0.11 51 ,
51 , 53 %
52 0.15 53 %
53 % 56 =
53 % 59 .
55 p 56 =
56 = 57 0.756
56 = 58 )

similar results were observed in patients treated up to month 6 ; ls mean difference [(] 95 % ci [ )(was 0.07 % ( - 0.12 , 0.26 % [;] p = 0.490 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 similar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 similar 2 results
1 similar 3 were
1 similar 4 observed
2 results 3 were
4 observed 5 in
4 observed 12 ;
5 in 6 patients
6 patients 7 treated
7 treated 8 up
8 up 9 to
9 to 10 month
10 month 11 6
12 ; 19 ci
12 ; 21 )(was
13 ls 19 ci
14 mean 15 difference
15 difference 19 ci
17 95 19 ci
18 % 19 ci
19 ci 21 )(was
21 )(was 23 %
22 0.07 23 %
23 % 26 0.12
24 ( 26 0.12
25 - 26 0.12
26 0.12 29 %
26 0.12 34 )
27 , 29 %
28 0.26 29 %
29 % 32 =
29 % 34 )
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.490
32 = 34 )

decrease in hba1c from baseline to months 3 and 6 was [non] [-] inferior in geriatric [compared] [with] [non] - geriatric patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 decrease 2 in
1 decrease 11 was
2 in 3 hba1c
3 hba1c 4 from
4 from 5 baseline
5 baseline 6 to
6 to 7 months
7 months 9 and
8 3 9 and
9 and 10 6
11 was 14 inferior
14 inferior 15 in
15 in 22 patients
16 geriatric 20 -
16 geriatric 22 patients
21 geriatric 22 patients

there were no significant differences in the incidence and the rate of hypoglycemia , incidence of cardiovascular events , or other serious adverse events including malignancy , post - baseline between the two cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 20 or
3 no 15 incidence
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 9 and
6 in 8 incidence
7 the 8 incidence
9 and 11 rate
9 and 14 ,
9 and 15 incidence
10 the 11 rate
11 rate 12 of
12 of 13 hypoglycemia
15 incidence 16 of
15 incidence 20 or
16 of 18 events
17 cardiovascular 18 events
19 , 20 or
20 or 24 events
21 other 24 events
22 serious 24 events
23 adverse 24 events
24 events 25 including
25 including 26 malignancy
26 malignancy 28 post
27 , 28 post
28 post 29 -
29 - 30 baseline
30 baseline 31 between
31 between 34 cohorts
32 the 33 two
33 two 34 cohorts

conclusion : key measures of efficacy and safety in geriatric patients with t2dm were not significantly different from [non] - geriatric patients [when] utilizing insulin lispro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 lispro
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 7 and
2 : 20 -
3 key 4 measures
4 measures 5 of
4 measures 7 and
5 of 6 efficacy
7 and 8 safety
7 and 9 in
7 and 14 were
9 in 11 patients
10 geriatric 11 patients
11 patients 12 with
12 with 13 t2dm
14 were 15 not
14 were 16 significantly
14 were 17 different
15 not 16 significantly
18 from 20 -
20 - 22 patients
21 geriatric 22 patients
22 patients 24 utilizing
22 patients 26 lispro
24 utilizing 25 insulin

insulin lispro may be considered a safe and efficacious therapeutic option for the management of t2dm in geriatric patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lispro
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 insulin 2 lispro
2 lispro 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 5 considered
5 considered 11 option
6 a 11 option
7 safe 8 and
8 and 9 efficacious
8 and 11 option
10 therapeutic 11 option
11 option 12 for
11 option 15 of
11 option 17 in
12 for 14 management
13 the 14 management
15 of 16 t2dm
17 in 19 patients
18 geriatric 19 patients

aim of the study : in contrast to the general population , individuals with primarily persistent elevation of inflammatory activity display a significant association between inflammatory biomarkers and atherosclerotic burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 aim 2 of
2 of 3 the
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 :
5 : 6 in
6 in 7 contrast
7 contrast 8 to
8 to 11 population
9 the 11 population
10 general 11 population
12 , 13 individuals
12 , 21 display
13 individuals 14 with
13 individuals 21 display
14 with 17 elevation
15 primarily 16 persistent
16 persistent 17 elevation
17 elevation 18 of
18 of 20 activity
19 inflammatory 20 activity
21 display 24 association
21 display 25 between
22 a 23 significant
22 a 24 association
23 significant 24 association
25 between 28 and
26 inflammatory 27 biomarkers
27 biomarkers 28 and
28 and 30 burden
29 atherosclerotic 30 burden

in older individuals , immunosenescence upregulates the innate response [and] [,] by this way , may hypothetically favor the presence of this association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 immunosenescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 individuals
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 immunosenescence
2 older 3 individuals
5 immunosenescence 15 ,
6 upregulates 9 response
6 upregulates 12 by
6 upregulates 15 ,
7 the 9 response
8 innate 9 response
12 by 14 way
13 this 14 way
15 , 16 may
16 may 18 favor
17 hypothetically 18 favor
18 favor 20 presence
19 the 20 presence
20 presence 21 of
21 of 23 association
22 this 23 association

the aim of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis in healthy octogenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 hypothesis
8 evaluate 11 in
9 this 10 hypothesis
11 in 13 octogenarians
12 healthy 13 octogenarians

methods : participants ( n = 208 ) aged 80 years or older , asymptomatic and [without] medical and laboratory evidence of chronic diseases or use of anti - inflammatory treatments were included in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 6 =
2 : 16 and
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 208
6 = 8 )
9 aged 10 80
9 aged 12 or
9 aged 14 ,
11 years 12 or
12 or 13 older
14 , 15 asymptomatic
14 , 16 and
16 and 18 medical
19 and 21 evidence
19 and 33 included
20 laboratory 21 evidence
21 evidence 22 of
21 evidence 27 of
21 evidence 32 were
22 of 25 or
23 chronic 24 diseases
24 diseases 25 or
25 or 26 use
27 of 31 treatments
28 anti 29 -
28 anti 31 treatments
30 inflammatory 31 treatments
32 were 33 included
33 included 34 in
34 in 36 study
35 the 36 study

lipid profile and plasma c - reactive protein ( crp ) were measured at baseline and cardiac computed tomography was performed within 1 [-] week interval for measuring coronary calcium [score] ( ccs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 lipid 2 profile
2 profile 3 and
3 and 4 plasma
3 and 8 protein
3 and 12 were
4 plasma 5 c
6 - 8 protein
7 reactive 8 protein
8 protein 10 crp
8 protein 11 )
9 ( 10 crp
10 crp 11 )
12 were 13 measured
13 measured 14 at
14 at 15 baseline
16 and 19 tomography
16 and 21 performed
17 cardiac 19 tomography
18 computed 19 tomography
19 tomography 20 was
20 was 21 performed
21 performed 22 within
21 performed 27 for
22 within 26 interval
23 1 26 interval
25 week 26 interval
27 for 28 measuring
28 measuring 30 calcium
29 coronary 30 calcium
30 calcium 33 ccs
32 ( 33 ccs
33 ccs 34 )

results : the median plasma crp was 1.9 [mg/l] ( 1.0 – 3.4 [ )(and 33 % of the participants had elevated crp defined as c3 [mg/l] [.] among those with high crp [,] there was an increased frequency of high ccs ( c100 ) as compared with their counterparts ( 71 vs 50 % , p = 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 crp
2 : 7 was
2 : 12 –
3 the 6 crp
4 median 5 plasma
5 plasma 6 crp
6 crp 7 was
7 was 8 1.9
8 1.9 11 1.0
10 ( 11 1.0
11 1.0 12 –
12 – 15 )(and
13 3.4 15 )(and
15 )(and 16 33
15 )(and 22 elevated
15 )(and 23 crp
15 )(and 24 defined
16 33 17 %
17 % 18 of
17 % 21 had
18 of 20 participants
19 the 20 participants
23 crp 24 defined
24 defined 25 as
24 defined 31 with
25 as 26 c3
26 c3 29 among
29 among 30 those
31 with 33 crp
31 with 39 frequency
32 high 33 crp
33 crp 35 there
33 crp 36 was
35 there 36 was
37 an 39 frequency
38 increased 39 frequency
39 frequency 40 of
39 frequency 48 with
40 of 42 ccs
41 high 42 ccs
42 ccs 44 c100
42 ccs 47 compared
43 ( 44 c100
44 c100 45 )
46 as 47 compared
48 with 50 counterparts
49 their 50 counterparts
50 counterparts 52 71
51 ( 52 71
52 71 53 vs
52 71 61 .
53 vs 55 %
54 50 55 %
55 % 58 =
56 , 58 =
57 p 58 =
58 = 59 0.001
58 = 60 )

the association between crp and ccs persisted even after adjustment for age , sex , cardiovascular risk factors and statin therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 persisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 5 and
3 between 4 crp
5 and 6 ccs
5 and 7 persisted
7 persisted 8 even
8 even 9 after
9 after 10 adjustment
10 adjustment 11 for
11 for 19 and
12 age 13 ,
13 , 14 sex
13 , 15 ,
15 , 18 factors
15 , 19 and
16 cardiovascular 18 factors
17 risk 18 factors
19 and 21 therapy
20 statin 21 therapy

the area under the receiver [-] operating curve for crp was 0.606 using ccs c100 as a binary outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 area
2 area 3 under
2 area 11 was
3 under 8 curve
4 the 8 curve
5 receiver 7 operating
7 operating 8 curve
8 curve 9 for
9 for 10 crp
11 was 12 0.606
12 0.606 13 using
13 using 15 c100
13 using 16 as
14 ccs 15 c100
16 as 19 outcome
17 a 18 binary
17 a 19 outcome
18 binary 19 outcome

the sensitivities for ccs c100 were 40 and 74 % for the cutoff points of crp c3 [or] 1 [mg/l] , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
1 the 2 sensitivities
2 sensitivities 3 for
2 sensitivities 6 were
3 for 5 c100
4 ccs 5 c100
6 were 10 %
6 were 22 respectively
7 40 8 and
8 and 9 74
8 and 10 %
10 % 11 for
11 for 14 points
12 the 14 points
13 cutoff 14 points
14 points 15 of
15 of 17 c3
16 crp 17 c3
17 c3 19 1
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 .

conclusion : the present study was able to confirm that in very elderly individuals , systemic inflammatory activity is independently associated with coronary atherosclerosis burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 was
2 : 26 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 able
7 able 8 to
7 able 9 confirm
8 to 9 confirm
9 confirm 10 that
10 that 18 activity
10 that 21 associated
11 in 14 individuals
11 in 15 ,
11 in 18 activity
12 very 13 elderly
13 elderly 14 individuals
16 systemic 18 activity
17 inflammatory 18 activity
18 activity 19 is
19 is 21 associated
20 independently 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 atherosclerosis
22 with 25 burden
23 coronary 24 atherosclerosis

background and aim : how cortisol , a stress biological marker , differs according to depressive symptoms has mostly been examined in high - income countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aim
4 : 5 how
4 : 21 examined
4 : 27 .
5 how 6 cortisol
5 how 13 differs
5 how 18 has
6 cortisol 11 marker
6 cortisol 13 differs
7 , 11 marker
8 a 9 stress
8 a 11 marker
9 stress 11 marker
10 biological 11 marker
11 marker 12 ,
13 differs 15 to
14 according 15 to
15 to 17 symptoms
16 depressive 17 symptoms
18 has 20 been
19 mostly 20 been
20 been 21 examined
21 examined 22 in
22 in 26 countries
23 high 24 -
23 high 25 income
25 income 26 countries

including low - and middle - income countries in research on this matter would allow examining a wider range of exposure to adversity and improving the estimates of the associations between diurnal cortisol and depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 countries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 including 4 and
1 including 6 -
1 including 8 countries
2 low 4 and
3 - 4 and
4 and 5 middle
7 income 8 countries
8 countries 9 in
8 countries 14 would
9 in 10 research
10 research 11 on
11 on 13 matter
12 this 13 matter
14 would 15 allow
15 allow 16 examining
15 allow 19 range
15 allow 24 and
15 allow 31 between
17 a 19 range
18 wider 19 range
19 range 20 of
20 of 21 exposure
21 exposure 22 to
22 to 23 adversity
24 and 25 improving
24 and 27 estimates
26 the 27 estimates
27 estimates 28 of
28 of 30 associations
29 the 30 associations
31 between 34 and
32 diurnal 33 cortisol
33 cortisol 34 and
34 and 35 depression

the aim of this study is to compare the profile of diurnal cortisol and depressive symptoms in 65 - to 74 - year - old residents of santa cruz ( in an underdeveloped region , northeast brazil , n = 64 ) [and] saint - bruno ( a suburban area , qc , canada , n = 60 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 compare
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 23 year
9 the 23 year
10 profile 11 of
10 profile 14 and
11 of 13 cortisol
12 diurnal 13 cortisol
14 and 16 symptoms
14 and 17 in
14 and 20 to
14 and 23 year
15 depressive 16 symptoms
17 in 18 65
19 - 20 to
20 to 21 74
20 to 22 -
23 year 26 residents
24 - 26 residents
25 old 26 residents
26 residents 27 of
26 residents 31 in
26 residents 59 )
27 of 29 cruz
28 santa 29 cruz
30 ( 31 in
31 in 34 region
31 in 59 )
32 an 34 region
33 underdeveloped 34 region
34 region 44 saint
34 region 46 bruno
35 , 44 saint
36 northeast 44 saint
37 brazil 40 =
37 brazil 44 saint
38 , 40 =
39 n 40 =
40 = 41 64
40 = 42 )
44 saint 45 -
45 - 46 bruno
46 bruno 50 area
46 bruno 52 qc
46 bruno 57 =
46 bruno 59 )
47 ( 50 area
48 a 49 suburban
48 a 50 area
49 suburban 50 area
50 area 51 ,
51 , 52 qc
52 qc 54 canada
52 qc 55 ,
53 , 54 canada
54 canada 55 ,
56 n 57 =
57 = 58 60

methods : home interviews included assessments of socioeconomic variables , health behaviors , depressive symptoms ( center for epidemiologic studies depression scale , ces - d ) and cortisol awakening response ( car : awakening , 30 , 60 min afterward ) , and at 1500 hours and bedtime from saliva collected over 2 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 home
2 : 4 interviews
2 : 44 and
2 : 56 .
3 home 4 interviews
4 interviews 6 assessments
5 included 6 assessments
6 assessments 7 of
7 of 9 variables
8 socioeconomic 9 variables
9 variables 12 behaviors
9 variables 15 symptoms
10 , 12 behaviors
11 health 12 behaviors
12 behaviors 13 ,
13 , 15 symptoms
14 depressive 15 symptoms
15 symptoms 28 and
15 symptoms 42 )
16 ( 28 and
17 center 18 for
17 center 28 and
18 for 22 scale
19 epidemiologic 20 studies
20 studies 21 depression
21 depression 22 scale
22 scale 25 -
23 , 25 -
24 ces 25 -
25 - 26 d
25 - 27 )
28 and 30 awakening
28 and 33 car
28 and 35 awakening
28 and 37 30
28 and 39 60
28 and 42 )
29 cortisol 30 awakening
31 response 33 car
32 ( 33 car
33 car 34 :
34 : 35 awakening
36 , 37 30
37 30 38 ,
38 , 39 60
39 60 40 min
39 60 42 )
40 min 41 afterward
43 , 44 and
44 and 48 and
44 and 52 collected
45 at 46 1500
45 at 48 and
47 hours 48 and
48 and 49 bedtime
48 and 50 from
48 and 52 collected
50 from 51 saliva
52 collected 53 over
52 collected 55 days
53 over 54 2

mixed linear models were used to estimate the associations between diurnal cortisol and depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mixed 3 models
2 linear 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 estimate
6 to 7 estimate
7 estimate 9 associations
7 estimate 10 between
8 the 9 associations
10 between 13 and
11 diurnal 12 cortisol
12 cortisol 13 and
13 and 15 symptoms
14 depressive 15 symptoms

results : santa cruz residents had lower cortisol levels upon awakening ( β [=] - 1.24 , p = 0.04 ) and elevated bedtime levels ( β [=] 20.29 , p < 0.001 ) indicating chronic stress compared [to] saint - bruno residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 residents
2 : 6 had
2 : 41 -
2 : 44 .
3 santa 4 cruz
4 cruz 5 residents
5 residents 6 had
6 had 8 cortisol
6 had 22 and
7 lower 8 cortisol
9 levels 10 upon
9 levels 11 awakening
9 levels 22 and
11 awakening 13 β
11 awakening 19 =
12 ( 13 β
13 β 15 -
16 1.24 19 =
17 , 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.04
19 = 21 )
22 and 23 elevated
23 elevated 25 levels
24 bedtime 25 levels
25 levels 40 saint
26 ( 40 saint
27 β 32 <
27 β 34 )
27 β 40 saint
29 20.29 32 <
30 , 32 <
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.001
32 < 34 )
35 indicating 37 stress
36 chronic 37 stress
37 stress 38 compared
38 compared 40 saint
40 saint 41 -
41 - 43 residents
42 bruno 43 residents

elevated depressive symptoms were associated with a blunted car ( [flatter] slope , indicative [of] chronic stress [ )(in santa cruz residents ( β [=] - 0.19 , p = 0.04 ) , [while] greater diurnal cortisol levels ( larger area under the curve ) , indicative [of] moderate stress [,] were observed in [saint] [-] bruno residents ( β [=] 1.96 , p = 0.047 ) . 
1 elevated 2 depressive
2 depressive 3 symptoms
3 symptoms 4 were
4 were 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 car
6 with 17 stress
7 a 9 car
8 blunted 9 car
9 car 12 slope
10 ( 12 slope
12 slope 13 ,
14 indicative 17 stress
16 chronic 17 stress
17 stress 19 )(in
17 stress 26 -
19 )(in 22 residents
20 santa 21 cruz
21 cruz 22 residents
23 ( 26 -
24 β 26 -
26 - 27 0.19
27 0.19 30 =
27 0.19 38 levels
28 , 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.04
30 = 32 )
33 , 38 levels
35 greater 38 levels
36 diurnal 37 cortisol
37 cortisol 38 levels
38 levels 41 area
38 levels 46 ,
39 ( 41 area
40 larger 41 area
41 area 42 under
41 area 45 )
42 under 44 curve
43 the 44 curve
46 , 53 observed
47 indicative 50 stress
49 moderate 50 stress
50 stress 52 were
52 were 53 observed
53 observed 54 in
54 in 58 residents
57 bruno 58 residents
58 residents 60 β
59 ( 60 β
60 β 65 =
60 β 68 .
62 1.96 65 =
63 , 65 =
64 p 65 =
65 = 66 0.047
65 = 67 )

conclusion : adverse living conditions in this remote area of brazil may lead to a state of chronic stress and a different relationship with elevated depressive symptoms from persons aging in a canadian suburban area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 adverse
2 : 13 lead
3 adverse 4 living
3 adverse 10 of
3 adverse 12 may
4 living 5 conditions
5 conditions 6 in
6 in 9 area
7 this 9 area
8 remote 9 area
10 of 11 brazil
12 may 13 lead
13 lead 14 to
13 lead 35 area
14 to 16 state
15 a 16 state
16 state 17 of
16 state 24 with
17 of 20 and
18 chronic 19 stress
19 stress 20 and
20 and 23 relationship
21 a 23 relationship
22 different 23 relationship
24 with 27 symptoms
25 elevated 27 symptoms
26 depressive 27 symptoms
27 symptoms 28 from
27 symptoms 31 in
28 from 29 persons
29 persons 30 aging
31 in 33 canadian
32 a 33 canadian
34 suburban 35 area

background : polypharmacy , and specifically the use of multiple fall - risk - increasing drugs ( frid ) , have been associated with increased risk of falling in older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 polypharmacy 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 specifically
5 and 8 use
7 the 8 use
8 use 9 of
9 of 11 fall
10 multiple 11 fall
11 fall 13 risk
11 fall 15 increasing
12 - 13 risk
13 risk 14 -
14 - 15 increasing
15 increasing 16 drugs
15 increasing 20 ,
16 drugs 18 frid
17 ( 18 frid
18 frid 19 )
20 , 21 have
21 have 22 been
22 been 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
23 associated 29 in
24 with 26 risk
25 increased 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
27 of 28 falling
29 in 31 age
30 older 31 age

however , it is not yet clear whether the known set of frids can be extrapolated to recurrent fallers , since they form a distinct group of more vulnerable older persons with different characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 not
4 is 6 yet
4 is 7 clear
7 clear 8 whether
8 whether 11 set
8 whether 16 extrapolated
9 the 11 set
10 known 11 set
11 set 12 of
11 set 14 can
12 of 13 frids
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 extrapolated
16 extrapolated 17 to
16 extrapolated 21 since
17 to 19 fallers
18 recurrent 19 fallers
20 , 21 since
21 since 22 they
21 since 23 form
21 since 35 .
22 they 23 form
23 form 31 persons
23 form 32 with
24 a 25 distinct
24 a 26 group
25 distinct 26 group
26 group 27 of
26 group 31 persons
27 of 31 persons
28 more 29 vulnerable
29 vulnerable 31 persons
30 older 31 persons
32 with 34 characteristics
33 different 34 characteristics

objectives : we aim to investigate [which] classes [of] medications are associated with recurrent [falls] in elderly patients visiting the emergency department ( ed ) after a fall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 aim
2 : 29 .
3 we 4 aim
4 aim 5 to
4 aim 6 investigate
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 8 classes
8 classes 10 medications
8 classes 13 with
8 classes 14 recurrent
8 classes 19 visiting
10 medications 11 are
11 are 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
14 recurrent 16 in
16 in 18 patients
17 elderly 18 patients
19 visiting 22 department
19 visiting 26 after
20 the 22 department
21 emergency 22 department
22 department 24 ed
23 ( 24 ed
24 ed 25 )
26 after 28 fall
27 a 28 fall

methods : this study had a cross - sectional design [and] was conducted in the ed of an academic medical center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 had
2 : 8 -
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 had
5 had 7 cross
6 a 7 cross
8 - 10 design
8 - 13 conducted
8 - 22 .
9 sectional 10 design
10 design 12 was
12 was 13 conducted
13 conducted 14 in
14 in 16 ed
15 the 16 ed
16 ed 17 of
17 of 21 center
18 an 19 academic
18 an 21 center
19 academic 21 center
20 medical 21 center

patients [who] sustained a fall , 65 years or older , and who visited the ed between 2004 and 2010 were invited to fill in a validated fall questionnaire designed to assess patient and fall characteristics ( carefall triage instrument [ cti ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 patients 3 sustained
1 patients 12 and
3 sustained 9 or
4 a 5 fall
5 fall 6 ,
6 , 8 years
6 , 9 or
7 65 8 years
9 or 10 older
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 who
12 and 14 visited
12 and 16 ed
12 and 24 fill
15 the 16 ed
16 ed 19 and
16 ed 21 were
17 between 19 and
18 2004 19 and
19 and 20 2010
21 were 22 invited
22 invited 23 to
22 invited 24 fill
23 to 24 fill
24 fill 25 in
25 in 29 questionnaire
26 a 29 questionnaire
27 validated 28 fall
28 fall 29 questionnaire
29 questionnaire 30 designed
29 questionnaire 40 instrument
30 designed 31 to
30 designed 32 assess
31 to 32 assess
32 assess 34 and
33 patient 34 and
34 and 36 characteristics
35 fall 36 characteristics
37 ( 40 instrument
38 carefall 39 triage
39 triage 40 instrument
40 instrument 42 cti
40 instrument 44 )
41 [ 42 cti
42 cti 43 ]

we translated [self] - reported medications to anatomical therapeutic chemical ( atc ) codes ( at the second level ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 translated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reported
1 we 2 translated
4 - 5 reported
5 reported 6 medications
5 reported 7 to
5 reported 21 .
7 to 14 codes
8 anatomical 14 codes
9 therapeutic 14 codes
10 chemical 12 atc
10 chemical 13 )
10 chemical 14 codes
11 ( 12 atc
12 atc 13 )
14 codes 16 at
15 ( 16 at
16 at 19 level
16 at 20 )
17 the 18 second
17 the 19 level

univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between medication classes and the outcome parameter ( recurrent fall ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 univariate 4 analysis
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 performed
6 performed 7 to
6 performed 11 between
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 10 association
9 the 10 association
11 between 14 and
12 medication 13 classes
13 classes 14 and
14 and 17 parameter
14 and 20 fall
15 the 17 parameter
16 outcome 17 parameter
18 ( 20 fall
19 recurrent 20 fall
20 fall 21 )

multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations after adjustment to potential confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 confounders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 multivariate 3 regression
1 multivariate 7 assess
1 multivariate 14 confounders
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 assess
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 9 associations
7 assess 10 after
7 assess 12 to
8 the 9 associations
10 after 11 adjustment
12 to 13 potential

results : in total 2,258 patients participated in our study [,] of whom 39 % ( 873 ) had sustained two or more falls within the previous year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 6 patients
2 : 7 participated
2 : 22 or
3 in 4 total
3 in 6 patients
4 total 5 2,258
6 patients 7 participated
7 participated 8 in
8 in 10 study
9 our 10 study
10 study 12 of
12 of 13 whom
13 whom 15 %
13 whom 20 sustained
14 39 15 %
15 % 17 873
15 % 19 had
16 ( 17 873
17 873 18 )
19 had 20 sustained
20 sustained 21 two
22 or 23 more
22 or 24 falls
23 more 24 falls
24 falls 25 within
25 within 28 year
26 the 28 year
27 previous 28 year

conclusions [:] known frids , such as psychotropic drugs , also increase the risk of [recurrent] falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conclusions 3 known
1 conclusions 4 frids
1 conclusions 15 of
1 conclusions 17 falls
4 frids 7 as
4 frids 12 increase
5 , 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 9 drugs
7 as 10 ,
8 psychotropic 9 drugs
11 also 12 increase
12 increase 14 risk
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of

however , we found four relatively new classes that showed [significant] [association] with recurrent [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 8 classes
4 found 14 recurrent
5 four 8 classes
6 relatively 7 new
7 new 8 classes
8 classes 9 that
8 classes 13 with
9 that 10 showed
10 showed 13 with

in part , these classes may act as markers of frailty and comorbidity , or they may reflect differences in the risk factors affecting the older , frailer population that tends to sustain [recurrent] [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 sustain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 part
3 , 5 classes
3 , 12 and
4 these 5 classes
5 classes 6 may
6 may 12 and
7 act 8 as
7 act 12 and
8 as 9 markers
9 markers 10 of
10 of 11 frailty
12 and 18 reflect
13 comorbidity 15 or
14 , 15 or
15 or 16 they
15 or 17 may
17 may 18 reflect
18 reflect 19 differences
19 differences 20 in
19 differences 30 that
19 differences 33 sustain
20 in 23 factors
21 the 23 factors
22 risk 23 factors
23 factors 24 affecting
24 affecting 29 population
25 the 29 population
26 older 27 ,
26 older 29 population
28 frailer 29 population
30 that 31 tends
31 tends 32 to
32 to 33 sustain

further investigation is [needed] to elucidate causes and ways to prevent recurrent [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 further 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 is
3 is 5 to
3 is 12 recurrent
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 8 and
7 causes 8 and
8 and 9 ways
8 and 10 to
8 and 11 prevent
10 to 11 prevent

introduction : older adults are generally considered to be at greater risk for medication [non] - adherence due to factors such as medication complexity , side effects , cost , and cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 7 considered
2 : 16 -
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 are
5 are 7 considered
6 generally 7 considered
7 considered 8 to
7 considered 9 be
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 at
10 at 12 risk
11 greater 12 risk
12 risk 13 for
13 for 14 medication
16 - 33 decline
16 - 34 .
17 adherence 33 decline
18 due 19 to
18 due 31 and
19 to 20 factors
20 factors 22 as
21 such 22 as
22 as 24 complexity
23 medication 24 complexity
24 complexity 27 effects
24 complexity 29 cost
25 , 27 effects
26 side 27 effects
27 effects 28 ,
28 , 29 cost
29 cost 30 ,
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 cognitive
31 and 33 decline

however , this generalization may not apply to older adults with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 generalization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 apply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 generalization
3 this 4 generalization
4 generalization 5 may
5 may 6 not
5 may 7 apply
7 apply 8 to
7 apply 11 with
8 to 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 with 14 virus
12 human 13 immunodeficiency
13 immunodeficiency 14 virus
14 virus 16 hiv
15 ( 16 hiv
16 hiv 17 )

regardless of age , suboptimal [adherence] to antiretroviral therapy ( art ) can lead to increased viral [load] , immunosuppression , drug - resistant viral strains , co - morbidities , and opportunistic infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 regardless 2 of
2 of 3 age
2 of 21 ,
3 age 5 suboptimal
4 , 5 suboptimal
5 suboptimal 7 to
5 suboptimal 12 )
7 to 9 therapy
8 antiretroviral 9 therapy
9 therapy 11 art
10 ( 11 art
11 art 12 )
13 can 14 lead
13 can 21 ,
14 lead 15 to
15 to 20 immunosuppression
16 increased 20 immunosuppression
17 viral 19 ,
17 viral 20 immunosuppression
21 , 22 drug
23 - 32 and
24 resistant 26 strains
25 viral 26 strains
26 strains 27 ,
27 , 30 morbidities
27 , 32 and
28 co 29 -
28 co 30 morbidities
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 infections
33 opportunistic 34 infections

understanding trends of [adherence] to art among older adults is critical , especially as the population of people living with hiv grows older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 understanding 2 trends
1 understanding 10 is
2 trends 3 of
3 of 5 to
5 to 6 art
6 art 7 among
7 among 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 is 11 critical
12 , 19 living
12 , 22 grows
13 especially 19 living
14 as 16 population
14 as 19 living
15 the 16 population
16 population 17 of
17 of 18 people
19 living 20 with
19 living 22 grows
20 with 21 hiv
22 grows 23 older

objectives : the purpose of this systematic review and meta - analysis is to determine if older individuals with hiv are less likely to be [non] - adherent [to] antiretroviral therapy than younger individuals with hiv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
5 of 9 and
6 this 8 review
7 systematic 8 review
8 review 9 and
9 and 10 meta
11 - 12 analysis
11 - 13 is
11 - 27 -
11 - 37 .
12 analysis 13 is
13 is 14 to
13 is 23 likely
14 to 15 determine
15 determine 16 if
16 if 18 individuals
16 if 21 are
17 older 18 individuals
18 individuals 19 with
18 individuals 21 are
19 with 20 hiv
22 less 23 likely
23 likely 24 to
23 likely 25 be
24 to 25 be
27 - 34 individuals
28 adherent 34 individuals
30 antiretroviral 31 therapy
31 therapy 34 individuals
32 than 33 younger
33 younger 34 individuals
34 individuals 35 with
35 with 36 hiv

design : a systematic search in pubmed , embase , and psycinfo was conducted to identify peer [-] reviewed articles evaluating adherence [to] art in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 search
2 : 16 identify
2 : 28 .
3 a 5 search
4 systematic 5 search
5 search 6 in
5 search 13 was
6 in 11 and
7 pubmed 9 embase
7 pubmed 11 and
8 , 9 embase
9 embase 10 ,
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 psycinfo
13 was 14 conducted
14 conducted 15 to
15 to 16 identify
16 identify 20 articles
17 peer 19 reviewed
19 reviewed 20 articles
20 articles 21 evaluating
21 evaluating 24 art
22 adherence 24 art
24 art 25 in
25 in 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

two independent reviewers screened abstracts , applied inclusion criteria , and appraised study quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviewers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 two 3 reviewers
2 independent 3 reviewers
3 reviewers 11 and
3 reviewers 13 study
4 screened 5 abstracts
4 screened 11 and
5 abstracts 9 criteria
6 , 9 criteria
7 applied 8 inclusion
8 inclusion 9 criteria
9 criteria 10 ,
11 and 12 appraised
13 study 14 quality

the bibliographies of qualifying studies were searched . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bibliographies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 2 bibliographies
2 bibliographies 3 of
2 bibliographies 6 were
3 of 4 qualifying
4 qualifying 5 studies
6 were 7 searched

data were abstracted from studies by two independent authors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 abstracted
3 abstracted 4 from
3 abstracted 6 by
4 from 5 studies
6 by 9 authors
7 two 9 authors
8 independent 9 authors

meta - analyses were conducted , and adherence levels were reported as the relative risk of [non] - [adherence] in older individuals compared to younger individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 meta 2 -
1 meta 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 conducted
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 levels
7 and 11 reported
8 adherence 9 levels
9 levels 10 were
10 were 11 reported
11 reported 12 as
12 as 15 risk
13 the 15 risk
14 relative 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
15 risk 22 individuals
15 risk 23 compared
16 of 20 in
18 - 20 in
21 older 22 individuals
22 individuals 23 compared
23 compared 24 to
24 to 26 individuals
25 younger 26 individuals

results : the systematic search yielded 1,848 abstracts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 search
2 : 6 yielded
2 : 9 .
3 the 5 search
4 systematic 5 search
5 search 6 yielded
6 yielded 8 abstracts
7 1,848 8 abstracts

twelve studies met full inclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 twelve 2 studies
2 studies 3 met
3 met 6 criteria
4 full 5 inclusion
5 inclusion 6 criteria

the overall meta - analysis found that older age reduced risk for nonadherence by 27 % ( relative risk ( [rr] [ )(0.72 , 95 % confidence [interval] ( ci ) 0.64 – 0.82 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 5 analysis
2 overall 5 analysis
3 meta 4 -
3 meta 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 found
6 found 11 risk
6 found 32 0.64
7 that 11 risk
8 older 11 risk
9 age 10 reduced
10 reduced 11 risk
11 risk 12 for
11 risk 14 by
12 for 13 nonadherence
14 by 16 %
15 27 16 %
16 % 19 risk
16 % 27 confidence
17 ( 19 risk
18 relative 19 risk
19 risk 23 )(0.72
19 risk 24 ,
20 ( 23 )(0.72
23 )(0.72 24 ,
24 , 27 confidence
25 95 26 %
26 % 27 confidence
27 confidence 30 ci
27 confidence 31 )
29 ( 30 ci
30 ci 31 )
32 0.64 34 0.82
33 – 34 0.82
34 0.82 35 )

studies assessing both short - [term] and long - term adherence demonstrated a significant reduction [in] [non] - [adherence] among older patients ( [rr] 0.75 , 95 % ci 0.64 – 0.87 and [rr] 0.65 , 95 % ci 0.50 – 0.85 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 studies 2 assessing
1 studies 7 and
2 assessing 3 both
2 assessing 4 short
5 - 7 and
7 and 11 adherence
7 and 12 demonstrated
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 term
10 term 11 adherence
12 demonstrated 15 reduction
12 demonstrated 44 respectively
13 a 14 significant
13 a 15 reduction
14 significant 15 reduction
15 reduction 20 among
15 reduction 29 ci
18 - 20 among
20 among 22 patients
20 among 26 ,
21 older 22 patients
22 patients 25 0.75
23 ( 25 0.75
25 0.75 26 ,
26 , 29 ci
27 95 29 ci
28 % 29 ci
29 ci 30 0.64
29 ci 33 and
29 ci 39 ci
29 ci 43 ,
31 – 33 and
32 0.87 33 and
33 and 35 0.65
33 and 36 ,
36 , 39 ci
37 95 39 ci
38 % 39 ci
39 ci 40 0.50
39 ci 42 0.85
39 ci 43 ,
41 – 42 0.85
42 0.85 43 ,
43 , 44 respectively
44 respectively 45 )

conclusions : older adults with hiv have a reduced risk for [non] [-] adherence [to] art than their younger counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 adults
2 : 7 have
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 7 have
5 with 6 hiv
7 have 10 risk
7 have 17 than
8 a 10 risk
9 reduced 10 risk
10 risk 11 for
11 for 16 art
14 adherence 16 art
17 than 20 counterparts
18 their 20 counterparts
19 younger 20 counterparts

future studies should seek to elucidate contributing factors of [adherence] among older individuals with hiv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seek
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 seek
4 seek 5 to
4 seek 6 elucidate
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 8 factors
6 elucidate 14 with
7 contributing 8 factors
8 factors 9 of
9 of 11 among
11 among 13 individuals
12 older 13 individuals
14 with 15 hiv

questions/purposes : the aims of our study [were] ( 1 ) to confirm the prevalence of radiographic trapeziometacarpal arthrosis in a very large sample [and] to determine if age and sex are associated with [(] 2 [ )(any radiographic evidence of trapeziometacarpal arthrosis [;] [and] ( 3 [ )(radiographic evidence of severe trapeziometacarpal arthrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 questions/purposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 questions/purposes 2 :
2 : 4 aims
3 the 4 aims
4 aims 5 of
4 aims 12 to
4 aims 13 confirm
5 of 7 study
6 our 7 study
7 study 10 1
9 ( 10 1
10 1 11 )
12 to 13 confirm
13 confirm 15 prevalence
14 the 15 prevalence
15 prevalence 16 of
15 prevalence 20 in
15 prevalence 26 to
15 prevalence 27 determine
16 of 19 arthrosis
17 radiographic 19 arthrosis
18 trapeziometacarpal 19 arthrosis
20 in 24 sample
21 a 22 very
21 a 24 sample
22 very 23 large
23 large 24 sample
26 to 27 determine
27 determine 28 if
28 if 30 and
28 if 33 associated
29 age 30 and
30 and 31 sex
30 and 32 are
32 are 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 36 2
34 with 40 evidence
38 )(any 40 evidence
39 radiographic 40 evidence
40 evidence 41 of
41 of 43 arthrosis
42 trapeziometacarpal 43 arthrosis
43 arthrosis 50 evidence
46 ( 50 evidence
47 3 50 evidence
49 )(radiographic 50 evidence
50 evidence 51 of
50 evidence 55 .
51 of 54 arthrosis
52 severe 54 arthrosis
53 trapeziometacarpal 54 arthrosis

methods : a total of 2321 patients 31 years or older [with] [radiographs] obtained during treatment of a distal radius fracture at a tertiary care medical center emergency department between 2002 and 2012 were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 10 or
2 : 14 obtained
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 10 or
5 of 9 years
6 2321 9 years
7 patients 9 years
8 31 9 years
10 or 11 older
14 obtained 15 during
14 obtained 22 at
15 during 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 of
17 of 21 fracture
18 a 21 fracture
19 distal 20 radius
20 radius 21 fracture
22 at 29 department
23 a 24 tertiary
23 a 29 department
24 tertiary 25 care
25 care 28 emergency
26 medical 27 center
27 center 28 emergency
28 emergency 29 department
29 department 30 between
30 between 31 2002
32 and 33 2012
32 and 34 were
33 2012 34 were
34 were 35 analyzed

trapeziometacarpal [arthrosis] was graded using the 3 [-] point scale of sodha et al . ( none , definite , destroyed trapeziometacarpal joint [ )(; we used regression analyses to determine the association of age ( in 10 - year age groups ) and sex with the presence of trapeziometacarpal arthrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trapeziometacarpal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 graded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 trapeziometacarpal 3 was
3 was 4 graded
4 graded 5 using
4 graded 18 ,
4 graded 19 definite
5 using 10 scale
6 the 10 scale
7 3 9 point
9 point 10 scale
10 scale 11 of
11 of 14 al
12 sodha 14 al
13 et 14 al
14 al 15 .
14 al 17 none
16 ( 17 none
17 none 18 ,
20 , 23 joint
20 , 25 )(;
21 destroyed 23 joint
22 trapeziometacarpal 23 joint
25 )(; 26 we
26 we 27 used
27 used 29 analyses
27 used 30 to
27 used 31 determine
28 regression 29 analyses
30 to 31 determine
31 determine 44 and
31 determine 46 with
32 the 33 association
33 association 34 of
33 association 44 and
34 of 35 age
35 age 37 in
36 ( 37 in
37 in 38 10
37 in 43 )
38 10 42 groups
39 - 42 groups
40 year 42 groups
41 age 42 groups
42 groups 43 )
44 and 45 sex
46 with 48 presence
47 the 48 presence
48 presence 49 of
49 of 51 arthrosis
50 trapeziometacarpal 51 arthrosis

results : the prevalence of trapeziometacarpal arthrosis steadily increased to 85 % between the ages of 71 and 80 years and reached 100 % in women ( with 50 % of them being classified as severe ) aged 91 years or older and 93 % in men of 81 years or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 51 or
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 43 and
5 of 7 arthrosis
6 trapeziometacarpal 7 arthrosis
7 arthrosis 21 and
8 steadily 9 increased
9 increased 10 to
9 increased 13 between
9 increased 21 and
10 to 12 %
11 85 12 %
13 between 15 ages
14 the 15 ages
15 ages 16 of
16 of 20 years
17 71 18 and
18 and 19 80
18 and 20 years
21 and 22 reached
21 and 26 women
21 and 28 with
21 and 41 or
23 100 25 in
24 % 25 in
25 in 26 women
27 ( 28 with
28 with 30 %
28 with 36 severe
28 with 37 )
29 50 30 %
30 % 31 of
30 % 33 being
31 of 32 them
33 being 34 classified
35 as 36 severe
38 aged 40 years
39 91 40 years
40 years 41 or
41 or 42 older
43 and 47 men
43 and 51 or
44 93 46 in
45 % 46 in
46 in 47 men
47 men 48 of
48 of 50 years
49 81 50 years
51 or 52 older

severe arthrosis [was] more prevalent at earlier ages among women and reached 35 % in women and 34 % in men who were 81 years or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 severe 2 arthrosis
2 arthrosis 5 prevalent
2 arthrosis 15 in
2 arthrosis 17 and
4 more 5 prevalent
5 prevalent 6 at
6 at 11 and
7 earlier 8 ages
8 ages 9 among
8 ages 11 and
9 among 10 women
11 and 12 reached
11 and 14 %
13 35 14 %
15 in 16 women
17 and 21 men
17 and 22 who
17 and 23 were
18 34 20 in
19 % 20 in
20 in 21 men
22 who 23 were
23 were 26 or
24 81 25 years
25 years 26 or
26 or 27 older

logistic regression identified higher age as the strongest factor associated with trapeziometacarpal arthrosis , but sex was also a factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 identified
3 identified 5 age
3 identified 6 as
4 higher 5 age
6 as 9 factor
7 the 8 strongest
7 the 9 factor
9 factor 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 arthrosis
12 trapeziometacarpal 13 arthrosis
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 sex
15 but 17 was
16 sex 17 was
17 was 18 also
17 was 20 factor
19 a 20 factor

conclusions : radiographic [trapeziometacarpal] [arthrosis] is an expected part of human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 radiographic
2 : 6 is
2 : 13 .
3 radiographic 6 is
6 is 9 part
7 an 9 part
8 expected 9 part
9 part 10 of
10 of 12 aging
11 human 12 aging

given [that] only three patients in this large cohort [had] evidence of prior surgery , it seems that most people adapt to trapeziometacarpal arthrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 given 5 patients
1 given 6 in
1 given 15 ,
1 given 16 it
3 only 4 three
4 three 5 patients
6 in 11 evidence
7 this 8 large
8 large 9 cohort
9 cohort 11 evidence
11 evidence 12 of
12 of 14 surgery
13 prior 14 surgery
16 it 17 seems
17 seems 18 that
18 that 20 people
18 that 21 adapt
19 most 20 people
20 people 21 adapt
21 adapt 22 to
22 to 24 arthrosis
23 trapeziometacarpal 24 arthrosis

treatments that optimize adaptation in patients [who] present with trapeziometacarpal arthrosis - related symptoms and disability merit additional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 merit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 treatments 2 that
1 treatments 3 optimize
1 treatments 17 merit
2 that 3 optimize
3 optimize 4 adaptation
3 optimize 5 in
5 in 6 patients
6 patients 8 present
8 present 9 with
9 with 11 arthrosis
10 trapeziometacarpal 11 arthrosis
12 - 13 related
13 related 15 and
13 related 17 merit
14 symptoms 15 and
15 and 16 disability
17 merit 19 study
18 additional 19 study

telomeres repress the dna damage response at the natural chromosome ends to prevent cell [-] cycle arrest and maintain genome stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 telomeres 18 and
2 repress 6 response
2 repress 7 at
2 repress 12 to
2 repress 18 and
3 the 6 response
4 dna 6 response
5 damage 6 response
7 at 11 ends
8 the 11 ends
9 natural 11 ends
10 chromosome 11 ends
12 to 13 prevent
13 prevent 17 arrest
14 cell 17 arrest
16 cycle 17 arrest
18 and 19 maintain
18 and 21 stability
20 genome 21 stability

telomeres are elongated by telomerase in a tightly regulated manner to ensure a sufficient number of cell divisions throughout life , yet prevent unlimited cell division and cancer development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 telomeres 2 are
2 are 3 elongated
3 elongated 4 by
3 elongated 6 in
3 elongated 11 to
4 by 5 telomerase
6 in 10 manner
7 a 10 manner
8 tightly 9 regulated
9 regulated 10 manner
11 to 21 ,
12 ensure 18 divisions
12 ensure 19 throughout
12 ensure 21 ,
13 a 14 sufficient
13 a 15 number
14 sufficient 15 number
15 number 16 of
15 number 18 divisions
16 of 18 divisions
17 cell 18 divisions
19 throughout 20 life
21 , 23 prevent
22 yet 23 prevent
23 prevent 27 and
24 unlimited 26 division
25 cell 26 division
26 division 27 and
27 and 29 development
28 cancer 29 development

hoyeraal - hreidarsson [syndrome] ( hhs ) is characterized by accelerated telomere shortening and a broad range of pathologies , including bone marrow failure , immunodeficiency , and developmental defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hreidarsson
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 hoyeraal 2 -
1 hoyeraal 3 hreidarsson
3 hreidarsson 6 hhs
3 hreidarsson 8 is
5 ( 6 hhs
6 hhs 7 )
8 is 9 characterized
9 characterized 10 by
10 by 14 and
11 accelerated 13 shortening
12 telomere 13 shortening
13 shortening 14 and
14 and 17 range
14 and 18 of
15 a 16 broad
15 a 17 range
16 broad 17 range
18 of 28 and
19 pathologies 20 ,
20 , 24 failure
20 , 25 ,
21 including 23 marrow
22 bone 23 marrow
23 marrow 24 failure
25 , 26 immunodeficiency
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 defects
29 developmental 30 defects

hhs - causing mutations have previously been found in telomerase and the shelterin component telomeric repeat binding factor 1 ( trf1 ) - interacting nuclear factor 2 ( tin2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hhs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 mutations
2 - 8 found
2 - 31 .
3 causing 4 mutations
4 mutations 5 have
5 have 7 been
6 previously 7 been
7 been 8 found
8 found 9 in
9 in 11 and
10 telomerase 11 and
11 and 16 repeat
11 and 17 binding
12 the 16 repeat
13 shelterin 16 repeat
14 component 16 repeat
15 telomeric 16 repeat
17 binding 18 factor
18 factor 19 1
18 factor 21 trf1
18 factor 26 factor
20 ( 21 trf1
21 trf1 22 )
23 - 26 factor
24 interacting 26 factor
25 nuclear 26 factor
26 factor 27 2
26 factor 29 tin2
26 factor 30 )
28 ( 29 tin2
29 tin2 30 )

we identified by whole - genome exome sequencing compound heterozygous mutations in four siblings affected with hhs , in the gene encoding the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 ( rtel1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 3 by
2 identified 11 mutations
3 by 7 exome
4 whole 5 -
4 whole 6 genome
6 genome 7 exome
7 exome 8 sequencing
8 sequencing 9 compound
10 heterozygous 11 mutations
11 mutations 12 in
12 in 14 siblings
13 four 14 siblings
14 siblings 15 affected
15 affected 16 with
15 affected 19 in
16 with 17 hhs
18 , 19 in
19 in 21 gene
19 in 32 )
20 the 21 gene
21 gene 22 encoding
21 gene 31 rtel1
22 encoding 24 regulator
23 the 24 regulator
24 regulator 25 of
25 of 28 helicase
26 telomere 28 helicase
27 elongation 28 helicase
28 helicase 29 1
30 ( 31 rtel1
31 rtel1 32 )

rtel1 was identified in [mouse] [by] its genetic association with telomere length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rtel1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 rtel1 2 was
2 was 3 identified
3 identified 4 in
3 identified 10 with
4 in 9 association
7 its 9 association
8 genetic 9 association
10 with 12 length
11 telomere 12 length

however , its mechanism of action and whether it regulates telomere length in [human] remained unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mechanism
3 its 4 mechanism
4 mechanism 5 of
4 mechanism 15 remained
5 of 7 and
6 action 7 and
7 and 8 whether
7 and 9 it
7 and 13 in
9 it 10 regulates
10 regulates 12 length
10 regulates 13 in
11 telomere 12 length
15 remained 16 unknown

lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from a patient and from the healthy parents carrying heterozygous rtel1 mutations displayed telomere shortening , fragility and fusion , and growth defects in culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 lymphoblastoid 2 cell
2 cell 3 lines
3 lines 4 obtained
3 lines 13 carrying
3 lines 20 ,
4 obtained 8 and
5 from 7 patient
5 from 8 and
6 a 7 patient
8 and 9 from
9 from 12 parents
10 the 12 parents
11 healthy 12 parents
13 carrying 16 mutations
14 heterozygous 16 mutations
15 rtel1 16 mutations
16 mutations 17 displayed
16 mutations 19 shortening
17 displayed 18 telomere
20 , 21 fragility
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 fusion
22 and 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 defects
25 and 28 in
26 growth 27 defects
28 in 29 culture

ectopic expression of wt rtel1 suppressed the telomere shortening and growth defect , confirming the causal role of the rtel1 mutations in hhs and [demonstrating] the essential function of human rtel1 in telomere protection and elongation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suppressed
1 ectopic 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 6 suppressed
3 of 5 rtel1
4 wt 5 rtel1
6 suppressed 10 and
7 the 10 and
8 telomere 9 shortening
8 telomere 10 and
10 and 12 defect
10 and 14 confirming
11 growth 12 defect
13 , 14 confirming
14 confirming 17 role
14 confirming 22 in
14 confirming 32 in
14 confirming 37 .
15 the 17 role
16 causal 17 role
17 role 18 of
18 of 21 mutations
19 the 21 mutations
20 rtel1 21 mutations
22 in 24 and
23 hhs 24 and
24 and 28 function
26 the 28 function
27 essential 28 function
28 function 29 of
29 of 31 rtel1
30 human 31 rtel1
32 in 35 and
33 telomere 34 protection
34 protection 35 and
35 and 36 elongation

finally , we show that human rtel1 interacts with the shelterin protein trf1 , providing a potential recruitment mechanism of rtel1 to telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 6 human
4 show 7 rtel1
4 show 8 interacts
5 that 6 human
7 rtel1 8 interacts
8 interacts 9 with
9 with 13 trf1
10 the 12 protein
11 shelterin 12 protein
12 protein 13 trf1
13 trf1 15 providing
14 , 15 providing
15 providing 19 mechanism
15 providing 22 to
15 providing 24 .
16 a 19 mechanism
17 potential 19 mechanism
18 recruitment 19 mechanism
19 mechanism 20 of
20 of 21 rtel1
22 to 23 telomeres

whereas amyloid - β ( aβ ) accumulates in the brain of normal animals dosed with low levels of copper [(] [cu] ) [,] the mechanism is not completely known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 whereas 4 β
1 whereas 8 accumulates
1 whereas 23 )
1 whereas 26 mechanism
2 amyloid 3 -
2 amyloid 4 β
4 β 6 aβ
4 β 8 accumulates
5 ( 6 aβ
6 aβ 7 )
8 accumulates 9 in
8 accumulates 16 with
9 in 11 brain
10 the 11 brain
11 brain 12 of
12 of 14 animals
13 normal 14 animals
14 animals 15 dosed
16 with 18 levels
17 low 18 levels
18 levels 19 of
19 of 20 copper
25 the 26 mechanism
26 mechanism 27 is
27 is 28 not
27 is 30 known
29 completely 30 known

[cu] [could] contribute to aβ accumulation by altering its clearance [and/or] its production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
3 contribute 4 to
3 contribute 7 by
3 contribute 13 production
4 to 6 accumulation
5 aβ 6 accumulation
7 by 8 altering
8 altering 10 clearance
9 its 10 clearance
12 its 13 production

because cu homeostasis [is] altered in transgenic mice overexpressing aβ precursor protein ( app ) , the objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of cu - induced aβ accumulation in brains of normal mice and then to explore cu 's effects in a mouse model of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 cu
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 because 3 homeostasis
1 because 38 and
1 because 42 cu
2 cu 3 homeostasis
3 homeostasis 5 altered
3 homeostasis 6 in
3 homeostasis 9 overexpressing
3 homeostasis 38 and
6 in 8 mice
7 transgenic 8 mice
9 overexpressing 12 protein
10 aβ 12 protein
11 precursor 12 protein
12 protein 14 app
12 protein 18 objective
13 ( 14 app
14 app 15 )
16 , 18 objective
17 the 18 objective
18 objective 19 of
18 objective 21 study
18 objective 24 elucidate
18 objective 29 -
19 of 20 this
21 study 22 was
22 was 23 to
22 was 24 elucidate
23 to 24 elucidate
24 elucidate 26 mechanism
25 the 26 mechanism
26 mechanism 27 of
27 of 28 cu
30 induced 32 accumulation
30 induced 33 in
30 induced 38 and
31 aβ 32 accumulation
33 in 34 brains
34 brains 35 of
35 of 37 mice
36 normal 37 mice
38 and 40 to
38 and 41 explore
39 then 40 to
40 to 41 explore
42 cu 43 's
43 's 44 effects
43 's 45 in
45 in 48 model
46 a 48 model
47 mouse 48 model
48 model 49 of
49 of 52 disease
50 alzheimer 51 's
51 's 52 disease

in aging mice , accumulation of cu in brain capillaries was associated with its reduction [in] low - density lipoprotein receptor - related protein 1 ( lrp1 ) , an aβ transporter , and higher brain aβ levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 aging
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 accumulation
2 aging 3 mice
5 accumulation 6 of
5 accumulation 8 in
5 accumulation 11 was
6 of 7 cu
8 in 10 capillaries
9 brain 10 capillaries
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 21 receptor
14 its 21 receptor
15 reduction 21 receptor
17 low 18 -
17 low 19 density
19 density 21 receptor
20 lipoprotein 21 receptor
22 - 23 related
23 related 24 protein
23 related 28 )
24 protein 25 1
24 protein 27 lrp1
26 ( 27 lrp1
27 lrp1 28 )
29 , 34 and
30 an 32 transporter
31 aβ 32 transporter
32 transporter 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 36 brain
34 and 37 aβ
34 and 38 levels
35 higher 36 brain
37 aβ 38 levels

these effects were reproduced by chronic dosing with low levels of cu via drinking water without changes in aβ synthesis or degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reproduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 4 reproduced
4 reproduced 5 by
4 reproduced 8 with
4 reproduced 13 via
4 reproduced 18 in
5 by 7 dosing
6 chronic 7 dosing
8 with 10 levels
9 low 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
11 of 12 cu
13 via 15 water
14 drinking 15 water
15 water 16 without
16 without 17 changes
18 in 21 or
19 aβ 20 synthesis
20 synthesis 21 or
21 or 22 degradation

in human brain endothelial cells , cu , at its normal labile levels , caused lrp1 - specific down - regulation by inducing its nitrotyrosination and subsequent proteosomal - dependent degradation due in part to cu/cellular prion protein/lrp1 interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 3 brain
1 in 5 cells
2 human 3 brain
4 endothelial 5 cells
5 cells 7 cu
5 cells 9 at
5 cells 15 caused
6 , 7 cu
7 cu 8 ,
8 , 9 at
9 at 13 levels
9 at 14 ,
10 its 13 levels
11 normal 13 levels
12 labile 13 levels
15 caused 16 lrp1
17 - 26 and
18 specific 21 regulation
19 down 20 -
19 down 21 regulation
21 regulation 22 by
21 regulation 26 and
22 by 23 inducing
23 inducing 25 nitrotyrosination
24 its 25 nitrotyrosination
26 and 31 degradation
26 and 32 due
27 subsequent 30 dependent
28 proteosomal 29 -
28 proteosomal 30 dependent
30 dependent 31 degradation
32 due 34 part
33 in 34 part
34 part 35 to
35 to 39 interaction
36 cu/cellular 39 interaction
37 prion 39 interaction
38 protein/lrp1 39 interaction

in app ( sw/0 ) mice , cu not only down - regulated lrp1 in brain capillaries but also increased aβ production and neuroinflammation because cu accumulated in brain capillaries [and] , [unlike] in control mice , in the parenchyma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 2 app
2 app 4 sw/0
2 app 6 mice
3 ( 4 sw/0
4 sw/0 5 )
7 , 8 cu
7 , 9 not
9 not 10 only
9 not 20 increased
10 only 14 lrp1
11 down 12 -
11 down 14 lrp1
13 regulated 14 lrp1
14 lrp1 15 in
14 lrp1 20 increased
15 in 17 capillaries
16 brain 17 capillaries
17 capillaries 18 but
18 but 19 also
20 increased 23 and
20 increased 25 because
20 increased 28 in
20 increased 38 in
21 aβ 22 production
22 production 23 and
23 and 24 neuroinflammation
25 because 26 cu
25 because 27 accumulated
26 cu 27 accumulated
28 in 30 capillaries
29 brain 30 capillaries
30 capillaries 34 in
32 , 34 in
34 in 36 mice
34 in 37 ,
35 control 36 mice
38 in 40 parenchyma
39 the 40 parenchyma

thus , we have demonstrated that cu 's effect on brain aβ homeostasis depends on whether it is accumulated in the capillaries or in the parenchyma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 that
6 that 9 effect
6 that 14 depends
7 cu 8 's
8 's 9 effect
9 effect 10 on
9 effect 14 depends
10 on 13 homeostasis
11 brain 13 homeostasis
12 aβ 13 homeostasis
14 depends 15 on
15 on 16 whether
16 whether 17 it
16 whether 19 accumulated
17 it 18 is
18 is 19 accumulated
19 accumulated 23 or
20 in 22 capillaries
20 in 23 or
21 the 22 capillaries
23 or 24 in
24 in 26 parenchyma
25 the 26 parenchyma

these findings should provide unique insights into preventative [and/or] therapeutic approaches to control neurotoxic aβ levels in the aging brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 should
3 should 4 provide
4 provide 6 insights
4 provide 7 into
4 provide 12 to
5 unique 6 insights
7 into 11 approaches
8 preventative 11 approaches
10 therapeutic 11 approaches
12 to 13 control
13 control 16 levels
13 control 17 in
14 neurotoxic 16 levels
15 aβ 16 levels
17 in 20 brain
18 the 20 brain
19 aging 20 brain

progranulin ( pgrn ) is a highly unusual molecule with both neuronal and microglial expression with two seemingly unrelated functions , i.e [.] , as a neuronal growth factor and a modulator of neuroinflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pgrn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
1 progranulin 3 pgrn
2 ( 3 pgrn
3 pgrn 4 )
3 pgrn 5 is
5 is 9 molecule
5 is 10 with
5 is 16 with
6 a 9 molecule
7 highly 8 unusual
8 unusual 9 molecule
10 with 13 and
11 both 13 and
12 neuronal 13 and
13 and 15 expression
14 microglial 15 expression
16 with 20 functions
17 two 20 functions
18 seemingly 19 unrelated
19 unrelated 20 functions
20 functions 22 i.e
20 functions 25 as
21 , 22 i.e
22 i.e 24 ,
24 , 25 as
25 as 30 and
25 as 35 .
26 a 29 factor
27 neuronal 28 growth
28 growth 29 factor
29 factor 30 and
30 and 32 modulator
30 and 33 of
31 a 32 modulator
33 of 34 neuroinflammation

[haploinsufficiency] due to loss of function mutations lead to a fatal presenile dementing illness ( frontotemporal lobar degeneration ) , indicating that adequate expression of pgrn is essential for successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 due 3 to
3 to 4 loss
3 to 8 lead
4 loss 5 of
5 of 7 mutations
6 function 7 mutations
8 lead 9 to
9 to 12 presenile
10 a 11 fatal
10 a 12 presenile
11 fatal 12 presenile
12 presenile 13 dementing
13 dementing 14 illness
14 illness 18 degeneration
15 ( 18 degeneration
16 frontotemporal 18 degeneration
17 lobar 18 degeneration
18 degeneration 19 )
20 , 21 indicating
20 , 27 is
21 indicating 24 expression
21 indicating 27 is
22 that 23 adequate
23 adequate 24 expression
24 expression 25 of
25 of 26 pgrn
27 is 28 essential
28 essential 29 for
29 for 31 aging
30 successful 31 aging

pgrn might be a particularly relevant factor in the pathogenesis of hivencephalitis ( hive ) and hiv - associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pgrn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 pgrn 2 might
2 might 3 be
3 be 16 and
4 a 5 particularly
4 a 7 factor
5 particularly 6 relevant
6 relevant 7 factor
7 factor 8 in
7 factor 11 of
7 factor 16 and
8 in 10 pathogenesis
9 the 10 pathogenesis
11 of 14 hive
12 hivencephalitis 14 hive
13 ( 14 hive
14 hive 15 )
16 and 17 hiv
17 hiv 21 disorders
18 - 21 disorders
19 associated 21 disorders
20 neurocognitive 21 disorders
21 disorders 23 hand
21 disorders 24 )
22 ( 23 hand
23 hand 24 )

we present emerging data and a review of the literature which show that cells of myeloid lineage such as macrophages and microglia are the primary sources of pgrn and that pgrn expression contributes to pathogenesis of cns diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 3 emerging
2 present 5 and
3 emerging 4 data
5 and 7 review
5 and 8 of
5 and 11 which
5 and 12 show
6 a 7 review
8 of 10 literature
9 the 10 literature
11 which 12 show
12 show 13 that
13 that 14 cells
13 that 23 are
14 cells 15 of
14 cells 19 as
14 cells 23 are
15 of 17 lineage
16 myeloid 17 lineage
18 such 19 as
19 as 21 and
20 macrophages 21 and
21 and 22 microglia
23 are 26 sources
24 the 26 sources
25 primary 26 sources
26 sources 27 of
27 of 28 pgrn
29 and 32 expression
29 and 33 contributes
30 that 32 expression
31 pgrn 32 expression
32 expression 33 contributes
33 contributes 34 to
34 to 35 pathogenesis
35 pathogenesis 36 of
36 of 38 diseases
37 cns 38 diseases

we also present evidence that pgrn is a macrophage antiviral cytokine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 3 present
2 also 3 present
3 present 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 6 pgrn
5 that 7 is
6 pgrn 7 is
7 is 11 cytokine
8 a 9 macrophage
8 a 11 cytokine
9 macrophage 11 cytokine
10 antiviral 11 cytokine

for example , pgrn mrna and protein expression are significantly upregulated in brain specimens with hive , and in hiv infected microglia in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 upregulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 6 and
3 , 4 pgrn
4 pgrn 6 and
5 mrna 6 and
6 and 8 expression
6 and 9 are
7 protein 8 expression
9 are 10 significantly
9 are 11 upregulated
11 upregulated 12 in
11 upregulated 18 and
11 upregulated 22 microglia
12 in 14 specimens
13 brain 14 specimens
15 with 16 hive
15 with 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 in
19 in 20 hiv
20 hiv 21 infected
22 microglia 24 vitro
23 in 24 vitro

paradoxically , our preliminary charter data analyses indicate that lower pgrn levels in csf trended towards an association with hand , particularly in those without detectable virus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 indicate
1 paradoxically 2 ,
1 paradoxically 7 analyses
3 our 7 analyses
4 preliminary 6 data
5 charter 6 data
6 data 7 analyses
7 analyses 8 indicate
8 indicate 9 that
9 that 11 pgrn
9 that 12 levels
10 lower 11 pgrn
11 pgrn 12 levels
12 levels 13 in
12 levels 19 with
13 in 14 csf
14 csf 15 trended
15 trended 16 towards
16 towards 18 association
17 an 18 association
19 with 20 hand
20 hand 23 in
21 , 22 particularly
21 , 23 in
23 in 24 those
23 in 28 .
24 those 25 without
25 without 27 virus
26 detectable 27 virus

based upon these findings , we introduce the hypothesis that pgrn plays dual roles in modulating antiviral immunity and neuronal dysfunction in the context of hiv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 introduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 based 2 upon
1 based 5 ,
1 based 6 we
2 upon 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
6 we 7 introduce
7 introduce 9 hypothesis
8 the 9 hypothesis
9 hypothesis 10 that
10 that 11 pgrn
10 that 12 plays
11 pgrn 12 plays
12 plays 14 roles
12 plays 15 in
12 plays 22 in
13 dual 14 roles
15 in 19 and
16 modulating 18 immunity
17 antiviral 18 immunity
18 immunity 19 and
19 and 21 dysfunction
20 neuronal 21 dysfunction
22 in 24 context
23 the 24 context
24 context 25 of
25 of 27 infection
26 hiv 27 infection

in the presence of active viral replication [,] pgrn expression is increased functioning as an anti - viral factor as well as a neuroprotectant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 presence
1 in 11 is
2 the 3 presence
3 presence 4 of
4 of 10 expression
5 active 6 viral
6 viral 10 expression
7 replication 10 expression
9 pgrn 10 expression
11 is 13 functioning
12 increased 13 functioning
13 functioning 14 as
14 as 19 factor
15 an 16 anti
15 an 19 factor
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 19 factor
18 viral 19 factor
19 factor 22 as
20 as 21 well
21 well 22 as
22 as 24 neuroprotectant
23 a 24 neuroprotectant

in the absence of active hiv [replication] , ongoing inflammation or other stressors suppress pgrn production from macrophages/microglia contributing to neurocognitive dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 suppress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 absence
1 in 8 ,
1 in 11 or
2 the 3 absence
3 absence 4 of
4 of 6 hiv
5 active 6 hiv
9 ongoing 10 inflammation
10 inflammation 11 or
11 or 13 stressors
11 or 14 suppress
12 other 13 stressors
14 suppress 16 production
14 suppress 17 from
15 pgrn 16 production
17 from 18 macrophages/microglia
18 macrophages/microglia 19 contributing
19 contributing 20 to
20 to 22 dysfunction
21 neurocognitive 22 dysfunction

[we] [propose] [.] 

background : longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and blood pressure have been inconsistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 associations
2 : 12 been
2 : 14 .
3 longitudinal 4 associations
4 associations 5 between
4 associations 11 have
5 between 8 and
6 depressive 7 symptoms
7 symptoms 8 and
8 and 10 pressure
9 blood 10 pressure
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 inconsistent

most studies have examined [incident] [hypertension] as an outcome , and few have examined effect modification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 most 2 studies
1 most 4 examined
1 most 15 effect
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 examined
4 examined 7 as
7 as 14 examined
8 an 9 outcome
9 outcome 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 few
11 and 13 have
13 have 14 examined
15 effect 16 modification

methods : this study examined moderating influences of sex and age on coincident trajectories of depressive symptoms and blood pressure among 2,087 participants from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging ( aged 19 - 97 years ; 53 % men ; 74 % white [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 )(
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 12 on
2 : 21 among
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 examined
4 study 6 moderating
4 study 8 of
6 moderating 7 influences
8 of 10 and
9 sex 10 and
10 and 11 age
12 on 20 pressure
13 coincident 14 trajectories
14 trajectories 15 of
14 trajectories 18 and
15 of 17 symptoms
16 depressive 17 symptoms
18 and 19 blood
18 and 20 pressure
21 among 23 participants
22 2,087 23 participants
23 participants 24 from
23 participants 32 aged
24 from 28 study
25 the 28 study
26 baltimore 27 longitudinal
27 longitudinal 28 study
28 study 29 of
29 of 30 aging
31 ( 32 aged
32 aged 33 19
32 aged 34 -
34 - 36 years
34 - 37 ;
35 97 36 years
37 ; 40 men
37 ; 41 ;
38 53 39 %
39 % 40 men
41 ; 44 white
42 74 44 white
43 % 44 white

ces [-] d was log - transformed ( ces - d [(] [log] ) ) for analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 log
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 ces 3 d
1 ces 4 was
4 was 5 log
5 log 7 transformed
5 log 16 for
6 - 7 transformed
7 transformed 10 -
7 transformed 15 )
8 ( 10 -
9 ces 10 -
10 - 11 d
10 - 14 )
16 for 17 analyses

results : mixed - effects regression revealed that prospective relations of ces [-] d ( log ) to diastolic blood pressure differed by age in women ( b = 0.095 [;] p = 0.001 ) but not men [;] greater ces [-] d ( log ) attenuated the expected age - related decline in diastolic blood pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 relations
3 mixed 4 -
3 mixed 10 relations
4 - 7 revealed
5 effects 6 regression
6 regression 7 revealed
7 revealed 10 relations
8 that 9 prospective
9 prospective 10 relations
10 relations 11 of
10 relations 18 to
10 relations 22 differed
11 of 12 ces
12 ces 14 d
12 ces 16 log
15 ( 16 log
16 log 17 )
18 to 21 pressure
19 diastolic 20 blood
20 blood 21 pressure
22 differed 23 by
23 by 24 age
24 age 25 in
24 age 36 but
25 in 26 women
26 women 29 =
26 women 33 =
27 ( 29 =
28 b 29 =
29 = 30 0.095
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.001
33 = 35 )
36 but 37 not
36 but 38 men
38 men 41 ces
38 men 47 attenuated
40 greater 41 ces
41 ces 43 d
41 ces 45 log
41 ces 47 attenuated
44 ( 45 log
45 log 46 )
47 attenuated 50 age
48 the 50 age
49 expected 50 age
50 age 53 decline
51 - 53 decline
52 related 53 decline
53 decline 54 in
53 decline 58 .
54 in 57 pressure
55 diastolic 57 pressure
56 blood 57 pressure

across all testing sessions , greater ces - d [(] [log] ) was associated significantly with higher average systolic blood pressure for women ( b = 2.238 [;] p = 0.006 ) but not men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 testing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 across 2 all
1 across 3 testing
3 testing 4 sessions
3 testing 13 was
4 sessions 8 -
5 , 8 -
6 greater 7 ces
7 ces 8 -
8 - 9 d
8 - 12 )
13 was 14 associated
14 associated 15 significantly
14 associated 16 with
16 with 20 blood
16 with 33 but
17 higher 20 blood
18 average 20 blood
19 systolic 20 blood
21 pressure 22 for
21 pressure 33 but
22 for 23 women
23 women 26 =
23 women 30 =
24 ( 26 =
25 b 26 =
26 = 27 2.238
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.006
30 = 32 )
33 but 34 not
33 but 35 men

age - stratified analyses showed that greater ces - d [(] [log] ) was associated significantly [with] higher average systolic ( b = 3.348 [;] p = 0.02 ) and diastolic ( b = 1.730 ; p < 0.03 [ )(blood pressure for older adults ( ≥58.8 years at first visit ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 age 9 -
1 age 14 was
2 - 9 -
3 stratified 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 showed
5 showed 8 ces
5 showed 9 -
6 that 8 ces
7 greater 8 ces
8 ces 9 -
9 - 10 d
9 - 13 )
14 was 15 associated
15 associated 18 higher
15 associated 19 average
16 significantly 18 higher
19 average 30 and
20 systolic 23 =
20 systolic 30 and
21 ( 23 =
22 b 23 =
23 = 24 3.348
24 3.348 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 0.02
27 = 29 )
30 and 31 diastolic
31 diastolic 34 =
32 ( 34 =
33 b 34 =
34 = 35 1.730
34 = 36 ;
36 ; 37 p
37 p 38 <
38 < 42 pressure
38 < 43 for
39 0.03 42 pressure
41 )(blood 42 pressure
43 for 45 adults
44 older 45 adults
45 adults 47 ≥58.8
46 ( 47 ≥58.8
47 ≥58.8 48 years
47 ≥58.8 51 visit
47 ≥58.8 52 )
48 years 51 visit
49 at 50 first
50 first 51 visit

conclusions : results demonstrate sex and age differences in the relation between depressive symptoms and blood pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 6 and
3 results 6 and
4 demonstrate 5 sex
4 demonstrate 6 and
6 and 7 age
6 and 12 between
6 and 17 pressure
7 age 8 differences
7 age 9 in
9 in 11 relation
10 the 11 relation
12 between 15 and
13 depressive 14 symptoms
14 symptoms 15 and
15 and 16 blood

findings suggest the potential importance of preventing , detecting , and lowering depressive symptoms to prevent hypertension among women and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 findings 2 suggest
2 suggest 17 hypertension
2 suggest 18 among
3 the 17 hypertension
4 potential 17 hypertension
5 importance 6 of
5 importance 8 ,
6 of 7 preventing
8 , 9 detecting
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 symptoms
11 and 15 to
11 and 16 prevent
11 and 17 hypertension
12 lowering 14 symptoms
13 depressive 14 symptoms
15 to 16 prevent
18 among 20 and
19 women 20 and
20 and 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , both clinical and subclinical , has been proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 cardiovascular 2 disease
2 disease 4 cvd
2 disease 9 and
2 disease 12 has
3 ( 4 cvd
4 cvd 5 )
6 , 9 and
7 both 9 and
8 clinical 9 and
9 and 10 subclinical
9 and 11 ,
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 proposed
14 proposed 15 as
15 as 16 one
16 one 17 of
17 of 19 mechanisms
18 the 19 mechanisms
19 mechanisms 20 underlying
20 underlying 21 frailty

however , there is no evidence addressing the relationship between the earliest stage of cvd ( endothelial dysfunction ) and frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
5 no 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 addressing
7 addressing 9 relationship
7 addressing 10 between
8 the 9 relationship
10 between 13 stage
11 the 12 earliest
11 the 13 stage
13 stage 14 of
14 of 20 and
15 cvd 18 dysfunction
15 cvd 20 and
16 ( 18 dysfunction
17 endothelial 18 dysfunction
18 dysfunction 19 )
20 and 21 frailty

the goal of the study was to analyze the association between endothelial dysfunction , evaluated by asymmetric dimethylarginine ( adma ) levels , and frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 14 ,
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 analyze
6 was 14 ,
7 to 8 analyze
8 analyze 10 association
8 analyze 11 between
9 the 10 association
11 between 13 dysfunction
12 endothelial 13 dysfunction
14 , 15 evaluated
14 , 16 by
14 , 24 and
16 by 18 dimethylarginine
17 asymmetric 18 dimethylarginine
18 dimethylarginine 20 adma
19 ( 20 adma
20 adma 21 )
22 levels 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 frailty

we used data from the toledo study for healthy aging , a prospective spanish cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 3 data
2 used 4 from
4 from 7 study
5 the 7 study
6 toledo 7 study
7 study 8 for
8 for 10 aging
9 healthy 10 aging
11 , 16 study
12 a 13 prospective
12 a 16 study
13 prospective 15 cohort
14 spanish 15 cohort
15 cohort 16 study

biological samples were obtained and adma levels [were] determined using an enzyme immunoassay method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 biological 2 samples
2 samples 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
5 and 7 levels
5 and 13 immunoassay
6 adma 7 levels
7 levels 9 determined
7 levels 13 immunoassay
9 determined 10 using
10 using 12 enzyme
11 an 12 enzyme
13 immunoassay 14 method

logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio ( or ) and 95 % confidence intervals of frailty associated with adma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 estimate
5 to 6 estimate
6 estimate 9 ratio
7 the 9 ratio
8 odds 9 ratio
9 ratio 11 or
10 ( 11 or
11 or 12 )
13 and 17 intervals
13 and 20 associated
14 95 17 intervals
15 % 16 confidence
16 confidence 17 intervals
17 intervals 18 of
17 intervals 20 associated
18 of 19 frailty
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 adma

adjustments were made for age , gender , cardiovascular risk factors , and presence of atherosclerotic disease ( assessed by ankle [–] brachial index [;] abi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjustments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 adjustments 2 were
2 were 3 made
3 made 4 for
4 for 13 and
5 age 6 ,
6 , 7 gender
6 , 8 ,
8 , 11 factors
8 , 13 and
9 cardiovascular 11 factors
10 risk 11 factors
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 presence
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 disease
16 atherosclerotic 17 disease
17 disease 19 assessed
18 ( 19 assessed
19 assessed 20 by
19 assessed 27 )
20 by 26 abi
21 ankle 26 abi
23 brachial 24 index
24 index 26 abi

one thousand [two] hundred eighty - seven [community] - [dwelling] [elderly] were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 eighty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 one 2 thousand
2 thousand 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 eighty
5 eighty 7 seven
5 eighty 12 were
6 - 7 seven
7 seven 9 -
12 were 13 included

one hundred seven ( 8.3 % ) were [identified] as frail , 542 ( 42.1 % ) [as] pre [-] frail , [and] 638 ( 49.6 % ) [as] [non] - [frail] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 seven
3 seven 6 %
3 seven 8 were
4 ( 6 %
5 8.3 6 %
6 % 7 )
8 were 10 as
10 as 19 pre
11 frail 13 542
11 frail 19 pre
12 , 13 542
13 542 16 %
13 542 17 )
14 ( 16 %
15 42.1 16 %
16 % 17 )
19 pre 21 frail
19 pre 24 638
22 , 24 638
24 638 27 %
24 638 31 -
25 ( 27 %
26 49.6 27 %
27 % 28 )

admavalues were higher in frail subjects than in [non] - frail ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 admavalues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 admavalues 2 were
2 were 3 higher
3 higher 4 in
3 higher 7 than
4 in 6 subjects
5 frail 6 subjects
7 than 8 in
10 - 12 ones
11 frail 12 ones

in addition , an interaction between the presence of atherosclerotic disease and adma on the odds of frailty ( p=0.045 ) was detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 interaction
4 an 5 interaction
5 interaction 6 between
5 interaction 9 of
5 interaction 22 was
6 between 8 presence
7 the 8 presence
9 of 12 and
10 atherosclerotic 11 disease
11 disease 12 and
12 and 13 adma
12 and 14 on
14 on 16 odds
15 the 16 odds
16 odds 17 of
16 odds 20 p=0.045
17 of 18 frailty
19 ( 20 p=0.045
20 p=0.045 21 )
22 was 23 detected

after adjustments for age , classical cardiovascular risk factors , and abi , the risk of frailty was associated with increasing levels of adma in subjects without atherosclerotic disease [ or for 1 standard deviation increase in adma=1.14 ( 1.01 – 1.28 ) , p=0.032 ] but not in those with atherosclerotic disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 after 2 adjustments
1 after 15 risk
3 for 11 and
3 for 13 ,
3 for 15 risk
4 age 5 ,
5 , 9 factors
5 , 11 and
6 classical 9 factors
7 cardiovascular 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 abi
11 and 13 ,
14 the 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
15 risk 18 was
16 of 17 frailty
18 was 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 49 in
20 with 21 increasing
21 increasing 22 levels
21 increasing 25 in
21 increasing 27 without
21 increasing 47 but
22 levels 23 of
23 of 24 adma
25 in 26 subjects
27 without 29 disease
28 atherosclerotic 29 disease
29 disease 31 or
30 [ 31 or
31 or 32 for
31 or 37 in
31 or 46 ]
32 for 36 increase
33 1 36 increase
34 standard 36 increase
35 deviation 36 increase
37 in 38 adma=1.14
38 adma=1.14 40 1.01
39 ( 40 1.01
40 1.01 42 1.28
40 1.01 45 p=0.032
40 1.01 46 ]
41 – 42 1.28
42 1.28 43 )
44 , 45 p=0.032
45 p=0.032 46 ]
47 but 48 not
49 in 50 those
50 those 51 with
51 with 53 disease
52 atherosclerotic 53 disease

in our study , endothelial dysfunction , assessed by adma levels , is associated with frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 dysfunction
2 our 3 study
5 endothelial 6 dysfunction
6 dysfunction 8 assessed
6 dysfunction 13 is
7 , 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 by
8 assessed 12 ,
9 by 11 levels
10 adma 11 levels
13 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 frailty

these findings provide additional support for a relevant role [of] vascular system since its earliest stage in frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 provide
3 provide 5 support
3 provide 13 since
3 provide 17 in
4 additional 5 support
5 support 6 for
6 for 12 system
7 a 8 relevant
7 a 12 system
8 relevant 9 role
9 role 12 system
11 vascular 12 system
13 since 16 stage
14 its 15 earliest
14 its 16 stage
17 in 18 frailty

purpose : the incremental shuttle walk test ( iswt ) is an important functional and prognostic marker in chronic disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 iswt
2 : 11 is
2 : 21 .
3 the 9 iswt
4 incremental 5 shuttle
5 shuttle 6 walk
6 walk 7 test
7 test 9 iswt
8 ( 9 iswt
9 iswt 10 )
9 iswt 11 is
11 is 17 marker
12 an 13 important
12 an 17 marker
13 important 17 marker
14 functional 15 and
15 and 16 prognostic
15 and 17 marker
17 marker 18 in
18 in 20 disease
19 chronic 20 disease

aging has a detrimental effect on exercise performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 aging 2 has
2 has 5 effect
2 has 6 on
3 a 4 detrimental
3 a 5 effect
4 detrimental 5 effect
6 on 8 performance
7 exercise 8 performance

the objective of this study was to produce normal [age] - specific values for the iswt in a healthy british population and to explore whether additional variables improve the accuracy of a predictive equation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 22 and
7 to 22 and
8 produce 13 values
8 produce 22 and
9 normal 11 -
9 normal 13 values
12 specific 13 values
13 values 14 for
13 values 17 in
14 for 16 iswt
15 the 16 iswt
17 in 21 population
18 a 21 population
19 healthy 20 british
20 british 21 population
22 and 23 to
22 and 24 explore
22 and 25 whether
23 to 24 explore
25 whether 27 variables
25 whether 28 improve
26 additional 27 variables
27 variables 28 improve
28 improve 30 accuracy
29 the 30 accuracy
30 accuracy 31 of
31 of 34 equation
32 a 33 predictive
32 a 34 equation
33 predictive 34 equation

methods : healthy subjects ( n = 152 ) , aged 40 to 90 years , were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
3 healthy 4 subjects
4 subjects 7 =
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 152
7 = 9 )
10 , 16 ,
11 aged 15 years
11 aged 16 ,
12 40 13 to
13 to 14 90
13 to 15 years
16 , 17 were
17 were 18 recruited

data [collection] occurred over 2 study visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 data 3 occurred
3 occurred 4 over
4 over 7 visits
5 2 7 visits
6 study 7 visits

anthropometric and demographic data were collected , and lung function and quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 anthropometric 2 and
2 and 4 data
2 and 11 and
2 and 16 were
3 demographic 4 data
5 were 8 and
5 were 11 and
6 collected 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 function
9 lung 10 function
11 and 12 quadriceps
12 quadriceps 15 contraction
13 maximal 14 voluntary
14 voluntary 15 contraction
16 were 17 measured

an accelerometer was worn for 2 consecutive days at home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accelerometer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 worn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 an 2 accelerometer
2 accelerometer 3 was
3 was 4 worn
4 worn 5 for
4 worn 9 at
5 for 8 days
6 2 8 days
7 consecutive 8 days
9 at 10 home

the duke activity status index was completed , and the greatest distance from 2 iswts was recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 5 index
2 duke 3 activity
3 activity 4 status
4 status 5 index
5 index 6 was
6 was 7 completed
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 distance
9 and 17 recorded
10 the 11 greatest
10 the 12 distance
12 distance 13 from
12 distance 16 was
13 from 15 iswts
14 2 15 iswts
16 was 17 recorded

results : one hundred forty subjects ( 56 men [ )(with mean age ( sd ) of 59.4 ( 11.0 ) years completed 2 iswts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 subjects
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 forty
5 forty 6 subjects
6 subjects 9 men
7 ( 9 men
8 56 9 men
9 men 11 )(with
9 men 17 of
9 men 22 years
9 men 23 completed
9 men 26 .
11 )(with 13 age
12 mean 13 age
13 age 15 sd
14 ( 15 sd
15 sd 16 )
17 of 18 59.4
18 59.4 20 11.0
19 ( 20 11.0
20 11.0 21 )
22 years 23 completed
23 completed 25 iswts
24 2 25 iswts

forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( fev ( 1 ) ) was 109.1 % ( 14.56 % ) predicted and iswt [distance] was 737 [m] ( 183 m ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 forced 3 volume
2 expiratory 3 volume
3 volume 4 in
3 volume 13 was
4 in 6 second
5 1 6 second
6 second 8 fev
7 ( 8 fev
8 fev 10 1
8 fev 12 )
9 ( 10 1
10 1 11 )
14 109.1 15 %
15 % 18 %
15 % 20 predicted
16 ( 18 %
17 14.56 18 %
18 % 19 )
21 and 22 iswt
21 and 24 was
22 iswt 24 was
24 was 25 737
25 737 29 m
27 ( 29 m
28 183 29 m
29 m 30 )

a predictive equation was developed from 114 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 equation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 a 2 predictive
1 a 3 equation
2 predictive 3 equation
3 equation 4 was
4 was 5 developed
5 developed 6 from
6 from 8 subjects
7 114 8 subjects

age , body mass index , fev ( 1 ) , quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction , and duke activity status index contributed to iswt distance predicting 50.4 % of the variation in performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 5 index
2 , 6 ,
3 body 5 index
4 mass 5 index
6 , 7 fev
6 , 11 ,
7 fev 9 1
8 ( 9 1
9 1 10 )
11 , 15 contraction
11 , 17 and
12 quadriceps 15 contraction
13 maximal 14 voluntary
14 voluntary 15 contraction
16 , 17 and
17 and 21 index
17 and 22 contributed
18 duke 19 activity
19 activity 20 status
20 status 21 index
22 contributed 23 to
22 contributed 28 %
22 contributed 32 in
23 to 26 predicting
24 iswt 26 predicting
25 distance 26 predicting
27 50.4 28 %
28 % 29 of
29 of 31 variation
30 the 31 variation
32 in 33 performance

conclusion : we have developed age - specific normal values for performance on the iswt in a healthy british population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 5 developed
2 : 7 -
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 developed
5 developed 6 age
7 - 10 values
8 specific 10 values
9 normal 10 values
10 values 11 for
10 values 13 on
11 for 12 performance
13 on 15 iswt
14 the 15 iswt
15 iswt 16 in
16 in 20 population
17 a 18 healthy
17 a 20 population
18 healthy 20 population
19 british 20 population

however , even using practical , clinically relevant variables , it is not possible to accurately predict exercise capacity from a regression equation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 it
2 , 3 even
3 even 4 using
3 even 10 ,
3 even 11 it
4 using 9 variables
5 practical 6 ,
5 practical 9 variables
7 clinically 8 relevant
8 relevant 9 variables
11 it 12 is
12 is 13 not
12 is 14 possible
13 not 14 possible
14 possible 15 to
14 possible 17 predict
15 to 17 predict
16 accurately 17 predict
17 predict 19 capacity
17 predict 20 from
18 exercise 19 capacity
20 from 23 equation
21 a 22 regression
21 a 23 equation
22 regression 23 equation

most previous neuroimaging studies of age - related brain structural changes in older individuals have been cross - sectional [and/or] restricted [to] clinical samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 most 4 studies
2 previous 4 studies
3 neuroimaging 4 studies
4 studies 5 of
4 studies 15 have
5 of 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 11 changes
8 related 12 in
8 related 15 have
9 brain 11 changes
10 structural 11 changes
12 in 14 individuals
13 older 14 individuals
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 cross
18 - 24 samples
18 - 25 .
19 sectional 24 samples
21 restricted 24 samples
23 clinical 24 samples

the present study [of] 345 community - dwelling [non] - demented individuals aged 70 - 90 years aimed to examine age - related brain volumetric changes over two years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 6 community
2 present 3 study
3 study 6 community
5 345 6 community
6 community 8 dwelling
6 community 12 individuals
6 community 23 related
7 - 8 dwelling
8 dwelling 10 -
10 - 12 individuals
11 demented 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 aged
12 individuals 22 -
13 aged 15 -
14 70 15 -
15 - 16 90
16 90 17 years
17 years 18 aimed
18 aimed 19 to
19 to 20 examine
20 examine 21 age
23 related 26 changes
23 related 27 over
24 brain 26 changes
25 volumetric 26 changes
27 over 29 years
28 two 29 years

t1 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained at baseline and at 2 - [year] follow - up and analyzed using the fmrib software library and freesurfer to investigate cortical thickness and shape and volumetric changes of subcortical structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 t1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 - 5 resonance
2 - 9 obtained
2 - 15 -
3 weighted 5 resonance
4 magnetic 5 resonance
5 resonance 6 imaging
5 resonance 7 scans
5 resonance 8 were
6 imaging 7 scans
8 were 9 obtained
9 obtained 12 and
10 at 11 baseline
10 at 12 and
12 and 13 at
13 at 14 2
15 - 17 follow
15 - 18 -
18 - 20 and
19 up 20 and
20 and 37 changes
21 analyzed 37 changes
22 using 37 changes
23 the 26 library
24 fmrib 25 software
25 software 26 library
26 library 27 and
27 and 28 freesurfer
27 and 29 to
27 and 34 shape
27 and 35 and
29 to 33 and
30 investigate 32 thickness
30 investigate 33 and
31 cortical 32 thickness
33 and 34 shape
35 and 36 volumetric
35 and 37 changes
37 changes 38 of
38 of 40 structures
39 subcortical 40 structures

the results showed significant atrophy across much of the cerebral cortex with bilateral transverse temporal regions shrinking the fastest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 5 atrophy
3 showed 6 across
3 showed 12 with
4 significant 5 atrophy
6 across 7 much
7 much 8 of
8 of 11 cortex
9 the 11 cortex
10 cerebral 11 cortex
12 with 16 regions
13 bilateral 16 regions
14 transverse 16 regions
15 temporal 16 regions
16 regions 17 shrinking
17 shrinking 19 fastest
18 the 19 fastest

atrophy was also found in a number of subcortical structures , including the ca1 and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
1 atrophy 2 was
2 was 4 found
3 also 4 found
4 found 5 in
5 in 10 structures
6 a 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 10 structures
8 of 10 structures
9 subcortical 10 structures
10 structures 12 including
11 , 12 including
12 including 15 and
12 including 21 .
13 the 15 and
14 ca1 15 and
15 and 17 subfields
15 and 18 of
16 subiculum 17 subfields
18 of 20 hippocampus
19 the 20 hippocampus

in some regions , such as left and right entorhinal cortices , right hippocampus and right precentral area , the rate of atrophy increased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 some
1 in 3 regions
3 regions 6 as
3 regions 15 and
4 , 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 11 cortices
6 as 12 ,
7 left 8 and
8 and 9 right
8 and 11 cortices
10 entorhinal 11 cortices
13 right 14 hippocampus
13 right 15 and
15 and 16 right
16 right 18 area
17 precentral 18 area
19 , 21 rate
19 , 24 increased
20 the 21 rate
21 rate 22 of
21 rate 24 increased
22 of 23 atrophy
24 increased 25 with
25 with 26 age

our analysis also showed that rostral middle frontal regions were thicker bilaterally in older participants , which may indicate its ability to compensate for medial temporal lobe atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 our 2 analysis
2 analysis 4 showed
3 also 4 showed
4 showed 9 regions
4 showed 10 were
5 that 6 rostral
6 rostral 7 middle
7 middle 9 regions
8 frontal 9 regions
9 regions 10 were
10 were 11 thicker
11 thicker 12 bilaterally
11 thicker 13 in
13 in 15 participants
14 older 15 participants
16 , 17 which
16 , 19 indicate
17 which 18 may
18 may 19 indicate
19 indicate 21 ability
20 its 21 ability
21 ability 22 to
21 ability 23 compensate
22 to 23 compensate
23 compensate 24 for
24 for 28 atrophy
25 medial 27 lobe
26 temporal 27 lobe
27 lobe 28 atrophy

compared to men , women had thicker cortical regions but greater rates of cortical atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 4 ,
1 compared 5 women
2 to 3 men
5 women 6 had
6 had 12 rates
7 thicker 9 regions
8 cortical 9 regions
9 regions 10 but
10 but 11 greater
10 but 12 rates
12 rates 13 of
13 of 15 atrophy
14 cortical 15 atrophy

women also had smaller subcortical structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 women 3 had
2 also 3 had
3 had 6 structures
4 smaller 6 structures
5 subcortical 6 structures

a longer period of education was associated with greater thickness in a number of cortical regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 period
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 3 period
2 longer 3 period
3 period 4 of
3 period 6 was
4 of 5 education
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 11 in
8 with 10 thickness
9 greater 10 thickness
11 in 16 regions
12 a 13 number
13 number 14 of
13 number 16 regions
14 of 16 regions
15 cortical 16 regions

our results suggest a pattern of brain atrophy with [non] [-] demented people that resembles a less extreme form of the changes associated with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 pattern
3 suggest 23 associated
4 a 5 pattern
5 pattern 6 of
5 pattern 14 that
5 pattern 15 resembles
5 pattern 23 associated
6 of 8 atrophy
7 brain 8 atrophy
8 atrophy 9 with
9 with 13 people
12 demented 13 people
14 that 15 resembles
15 resembles 19 form
16 a 19 form
17 less 18 extreme
18 extreme 19 form
19 form 20 of
20 of 22 changes
21 the 22 changes
23 associated 24 with
24 with 27 disease
25 alzheimer 26 's
26 's 27 disease
27 disease 29 ad
28 ( 29 ad
29 ad 30 )

the uncinate fasciculus is a major white matter tract that provides a crucial link between areas of the human brain that underlie emotion processing and regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fasciculus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 fasciculus
2 uncinate 3 fasciculus
3 fasciculus 4 is
4 is 9 tract
4 is 15 between
5 a 6 major
5 a 9 tract
6 major 7 white
7 white 9 tract
8 matter 9 tract
9 tract 10 that
9 tract 11 provides
10 that 11 provides
11 provides 14 link
12 a 13 crucial
12 a 14 link
13 crucial 14 link
15 between 16 areas
16 areas 17 of
16 areas 21 that
16 areas 22 underlie
17 of 20 brain
18 the 20 brain
19 human 20 brain
21 that 22 underlie
22 underlie 25 and
23 emotion 24 processing
24 processing 25 and
25 and 26 regulation

specifically , the uncinate fasciculus is the major direct fiber tract that connects the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fasciculus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 5 fasciculus
3 the 5 fasciculus
4 uncinate 5 fasciculus
5 fasciculus 6 is
6 is 11 tract
7 the 11 tract
8 major 10 fiber
9 direct 10 fiber
10 fiber 11 tract
11 tract 12 that
11 tract 13 connects
12 that 13 connects
13 connects 17 and
14 the 16 cortex
15 prefrontal 16 cortex
16 cortex 17 and
17 and 19 amygdala
18 the 19 amygdala

the aim of the present study was to use a multi - modal imaging approach in order to simultaneously examine the relation between structural connectivity of the uncinate fasciculus and functional activation of the amygdala in a youth sample ( children and adolescents ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 30 and
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
5 present 6 study
5 present 20 examine
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 to
7 was 20 examine
8 to 9 use
9 use 15 approach
10 a 11 multi
10 a 15 approach
11 multi 12 -
11 multi 15 approach
13 modal 15 approach
14 imaging 15 approach
15 approach 16 in
16 in 17 order
18 to 20 examine
19 simultaneously 20 examine
20 examine 22 relation
21 the 22 relation
22 relation 23 between
22 relation 26 of
23 between 25 connectivity
24 structural 25 connectivity
26 of 29 fasciculus
27 the 29 fasciculus
28 uncinate 29 fasciculus
30 and 32 activation
30 and 33 of
30 and 36 in
31 functional 32 activation
33 of 35 amygdala
34 the 35 amygdala
36 in 39 sample
37 a 38 youth
37 a 39 sample
38 youth 39 sample
39 sample 42 and
40 ( 42 and
41 children 42 and
42 and 43 adolescents
42 and 44 )

participants were 9 to 19 years old and underwent diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 participants 8 and
1 participants 16 and
2 were 7 old
2 were 8 and
3 9 4 to
4 to 5 19
4 to 6 years
6 years 7 old
8 and 9 underwent
8 and 12 imaging
9 underwent 10 diffusion
11 tensor 12 imaging
12 imaging 14 dti
13 ( 14 dti
14 dti 15 )
16 and 20 imaging
16 and 22 fmri
17 functional 19 resonance
18 magnetic 19 resonance
19 resonance 20 imaging
21 ( 22 fmri
22 fmri 23 )

results indicate that greater structural connectivity of the uncinate fasciculus predicts reduced amygdala activation to sad and happy faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 indicate
2 indicate 3 that
3 that 6 connectivity
3 that 11 predicts
4 greater 6 connectivity
5 structural 6 connectivity
6 connectivity 7 of
6 connectivity 11 predicts
7 of 10 fasciculus
8 the 10 fasciculus
9 uncinate 10 fasciculus
11 predicts 14 activation
12 reduced 14 activation
13 amygdala 14 activation
14 activation 15 to
15 to 19 faces
16 sad 17 and
17 and 18 happy
17 and 19 faces

this effect is moderated by age , with younger participants exhibiting a stronger relation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 moderated
1 this 2 effect
2 effect 3 is
3 is 4 moderated
4 moderated 5 by
5 by 6 age
6 age 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 10 participants
8 with 15 .
9 younger 10 participants
10 participants 11 exhibiting
11 exhibiting 14 relation
12 a 14 relation
13 stronger 14 relation

further , decreased amygdala activation to sad faces predicts lower internalizing symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 5 activation
3 decreased 5 activation
4 amygdala 5 activation
5 activation 6 to
5 activation 9 predicts
6 to 8 faces
7 sad 8 faces
9 predicts 12 symptoms
10 lower 12 symptoms
11 internalizing 12 symptoms

these results provide important insights into brain structure - function relationships during adolescence , and suggest that greater structural connectivity of the uncinate fasciculus may facilitate regulation of the amygdala , particularly during early adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
1 these 2 results
2 results 15 and
3 provide 5 insights
3 provide 6 into
3 provide 15 and
4 important 5 insights
6 into 8 structure
7 brain 8 structure
8 structure 11 relationships
9 - 11 relationships
10 function 11 relationships
11 relationships 12 during
11 relationships 14 ,
12 during 13 adolescence
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 suggest
16 suggest 17 that
17 that 20 connectivity
17 that 26 facilitate
18 greater 20 connectivity
19 structural 20 connectivity
20 connectivity 21 of
20 connectivity 25 may
21 of 24 fasciculus
22 the 24 fasciculus
23 uncinate 24 fasciculus
25 may 26 facilitate
26 facilitate 27 regulation
27 regulation 28 of
28 of 30 amygdala
29 the 30 amygdala
30 amygdala 33 during
31 , 32 particularly
31 , 33 during
33 during 35 adolescence
33 during 36 .
34 early 35 adolescence

these findings also have implications for understanding the relation between brain structure , function , and the development of emotion regulation difficulties , such as internalizing symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 4 have
3 also 4 have
4 have 5 implications
4 have 10 between
5 implications 6 for
6 for 7 understanding
7 understanding 9 relation
8 the 9 relation
10 between 16 and
11 brain 12 structure
12 structure 13 ,
13 , 14 function
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 development
16 and 19 of
17 the 18 development
19 of 22 difficulties
20 emotion 22 difficulties
21 regulation 22 difficulties
22 difficulties 25 as
23 , 25 as
24 such 25 as
25 as 27 symptoms
25 as 28 .
26 internalizing 27 symptoms

background : unfavorable living conditions in old age have negative physical , psychological and social implications and increase the risk of institutionalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 conditions
2 : 17 and
2 : 23 .
3 unfavorable 4 living
4 living 5 conditions
5 conditions 6 in
5 conditions 17 and
6 in 8 age
7 old 8 age
9 have 16 implications
9 have 17 and
10 negative 16 implications
11 physical 12 ,
11 physical 16 implications
13 psychological 14 and
14 and 15 social
14 and 16 implications
17 and 18 increase
18 increase 20 risk
19 the 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 22 institutionalization

the aim of this study is to examine older adults ’ readiness to relocate to age - appropriate housing versus the wish to stay where they are . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 relocate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 12 readiness
8 examine 13 to
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 ’
11 ’ 12 readiness
13 to 14 relocate
14 relocate 15 to
15 to 16 age
17 - 18 appropriate
17 - 28 .
18 appropriate 19 housing
18 appropriate 23 to
18 appropriate 25 where
19 housing 20 versus
20 versus 22 wish
21 the 22 wish
23 to 24 stay
25 where 26 they
25 where 27 are
26 they 27 are

methods : a total of 103 older men and women were questioned prospectively , face - to [-] face , regarding their readiness to relocate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 and
2 : 14 ,
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 and
5 of 8 men
6 103 8 men
7 older 8 men
9 and 10 women
9 and 14 ,
11 were 12 questioned
11 were 14 ,
12 questioned 13 prospectively
14 , 15 face
15 face 17 to
15 face 21 regarding
16 - 17 to
17 to 19 face
17 to 20 ,
20 , 21 regarding
21 regarding 23 readiness
21 regarding 26 .
22 their 23 readiness
23 readiness 24 to
23 readiness 25 relocate
24 to 25 relocate

in addition to assessing several established predictors of residential mobility , data on objective living situations were collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 11 ,
1 in 12 data
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 8 of
3 to 4 assessing
4 assessing 7 predictors
5 several 7 predictors
6 established 7 predictors
8 of 10 mobility
9 residential 10 mobility
12 data 13 on
12 data 17 were
13 on 16 situations
14 objective 15 living
15 living 16 situations
17 were 18 collected

the data were subjected to bi - and multivariate analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 subjected
4 subjected 5 to
5 to 8 and
6 bi 8 and
7 - 8 and
8 and 10 analysis
9 multivariate 10 analysis

results : at 70.9 % , the proportion of respondents who are not willing to move ( stayers ) [far] exceeds the proportion of those who are ( movers , 29.1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 at
3 at 5 %
4 70.9 5 %
6 , 8 proportion
6 , 21 exceeds
7 the 8 proportion
8 proportion 9 of
8 proportion 21 exceeds
9 of 10 respondents
10 respondents 11 who
10 respondents 12 are
10 respondents 18 stayers
11 who 12 are
12 are 13 not
12 are 14 willing
13 not 14 willing
14 willing 15 to
15 to 16 move
17 ( 18 stayers
18 stayers 19 )
21 exceeds 23 proportion
22 the 23 proportion
23 proportion 24 of
23 proportion 32 %
24 of 25 those
25 those 26 who
25 those 27 are
25 those 29 movers
26 who 27 are
28 ( 29 movers
29 movers 30 ,
30 , 32 %
31 29.1 32 %
32 % 33 )

older respondents are more satisfied with their living situation and less likely to move . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 older 2 respondents
2 respondents 3 are
3 are 4 more
3 are 10 and
5 satisfied 6 with
5 satisfied 10 and
6 with 9 situation
7 their 9 situation
8 living 9 situation
10 and 12 likely
11 less 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 move
13 to 14 move

this study provides empirical evidence for the " satisfaction paradox " with respect to living conditions and for the importance of the subjective standard of living for quality of life in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 evidence
4 empirical 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 for
6 for 10 paradox
7 the 8 "
7 the 10 paradox
9 satisfaction 10 paradox
10 paradox 11 "
10 paradox 12 with
10 paradox 25 of
12 with 13 respect
13 respect 17 and
13 respect 21 of
14 to 16 conditions
14 to 17 and
15 living 16 conditions
17 and 18 for
18 for 20 importance
19 the 20 importance
21 of 24 standard
22 the 24 standard
23 subjective 24 standard
25 of 26 living
26 living 27 for
26 living 31 in
27 for 28 quality
28 quality 29 of
29 of 30 life
31 in 33 age
32 old 33 age

conclusion : modern housing counseling should more strongly reflect the variety of needs , requirements and living situations of older people today than it has done in the past . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 modern
3 modern 5 counseling
3 modern 9 reflect
4 housing 5 counseling
5 counseling 6 should
6 should 9 reflect
7 more 8 strongly
8 strongly 9 reflect
9 reflect 11 variety
9 reflect 23 than
10 the 11 variety
11 variety 12 of
11 variety 22 today
12 of 16 and
13 needs 14 ,
14 , 15 requirements
14 , 16 and
16 and 18 situations
16 and 19 of
17 living 18 situations
19 of 21 people
20 older 21 people
23 than 24 it
23 than 26 done
23 than 27 in
24 it 25 has
25 has 26 done
27 in 29 past
28 the 29 past

it is therefore recommended that the [currently] dominating paradigm of " aging in place " be critically [re] - evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recommended
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 recommended
3 therefore 4 recommended
4 recommended 5 that
5 that 9 paradigm
5 that 16 be
6 the 9 paradigm
8 dominating 9 paradigm
9 paradigm 10 of
10 of 11 "
10 of 12 aging
12 aging 13 in
13 in 14 place
14 place 15 "
16 be 17 critically
16 be 20 evaluated
19 - 20 evaluated
20 evaluated 21 .

the endothelium is located in a strategic anatomical position within the blood vessel wall and thus constitutes a barrier between the blood and all tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endothelium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 endothelium
2 endothelium 3 is
3 is 15 and
4 located 5 in
4 located 10 within
4 located 15 and
5 in 9 position
6 a 9 position
7 strategic 9 position
8 anatomical 9 position
10 within 14 wall
11 the 14 wall
12 blood 14 wall
13 vessel 14 wall
15 and 17 constitutes
15 and 19 barrier
15 and 20 between
16 thus 17 constitutes
18 a 19 barrier
20 between 23 and
21 the 22 blood
22 blood 23 and
23 and 25 tissues
24 all 25 tissues

the integrity of the endothelial cells , which line the entire circulatory system like wallpaper , is essential to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integrity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 integrity
2 integrity 3 of
2 integrity 17 is
3 of 6 cells
4 the 6 cells
5 endothelial 6 cells
6 cells 8 which
7 , 8 which
8 which 9 line
8 which 16 ,
9 line 13 system
9 line 14 like
10 the 13 system
11 entire 13 system
12 circulatory 13 system
14 like 15 wallpaper
17 is 18 essential
18 essential 19 to
18 essential 20 prevent
19 to 20 prevent
20 prevent 22 onset
21 the 22 onset
22 onset 23 of
23 of 25 disorders
24 cardiovascular 25 disorders

aging is one of the major risk factors for the development of heart and vascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 one
3 one 4 of
3 one 12 of
4 of 8 factors
5 the 8 factors
6 major 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
8 factors 9 for
9 for 11 development
10 the 11 development
12 of 14 and
13 heart 14 and
14 and 16 diseases
15 vascular 16 diseases

however , over the past years it has become clear that the functional capacity of endothelial cells declines with age and that physiological aging occurs independently of pathological changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 24 aging
3 over 6 years
3 over 24 aging
4 the 6 years
5 past 6 years
6 years 7 it
6 years 9 become
7 it 8 has
8 has 9 become
9 become 10 clear
10 clear 11 that
11 that 14 capacity
11 that 18 declines
12 the 14 capacity
13 functional 14 capacity
14 capacity 15 of
14 capacity 18 declines
15 of 17 cells
16 endothelial 17 cells
19 with 21 and
19 with 23 physiological
19 with 24 aging
20 age 21 and
21 and 22 that
24 aging 25 occurs
25 occurs 26 independently
26 independently 27 of
27 of 29 changes
28 pathological 29 changes

one important mechanism contributing to the onset of the aging [.] process is the disturbance of the cellular redox homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 one 3 mechanism
2 important 3 mechanism
3 mechanism 4 contributing
3 mechanism 13 is
4 contributing 5 to
5 to 7 onset
6 the 7 onset
7 onset 8 of
8 of 12 process
9 the 12 process
10 aging 12 process
13 is 15 disturbance
14 the 15 disturbance
15 disturbance 16 of
16 of 20 homeostasis
17 the 20 homeostasis
18 cellular 20 homeostasis
19 redox 20 homeostasis

two key molecules involved in maintaining the delicate balance between oxidative and antioxidative systems are nadph oxidase 4 , an enzyme whose sole function is to produce reactive oxygen species and the oxidoreductase thioredoxin - 1 , which reduces oxidized proteins . 
1 two 2 key
2 key 3 molecules
3 molecules 4 involved
3 molecules 5 in
3 molecules 15 are
5 in 6 maintaining
6 maintaining 9 balance
6 maintaining 10 between
7 the 9 balance
8 delicate 9 balance
10 between 14 systems
11 oxidative 12 and
12 and 13 antioxidative
12 and 14 systems
15 are 31 and
16 nadph 17 oxidase
17 oxidase 18 4
17 oxidase 19 ,
19 , 21 enzyme
19 , 31 and
20 an 21 enzyme
21 enzyme 22 whose
22 whose 24 function
23 sole 24 function
24 function 25 is
25 is 26 to
25 is 27 produce
26 to 27 produce
27 produce 30 species
28 reactive 30 species
29 oxygen 30 species
31 and 34 thioredoxin
31 and 36 1
32 the 34 thioredoxin
33 oxidoreductase 34 thioredoxin
35 - 36 1
36 1 38 which
36 1 42 .
37 , 38 which
38 which 39 reduces
38 which 42 .
39 reduces 41 proteins
40 oxidized 41 proteins

therefore , this review will focus on the role of these two proteins in cardiovascular aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 review
3 this 4 review
4 review 5 will
5 will 6 focus
6 focus 7 on
6 focus 14 in
7 on 9 role
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 of
10 of 13 proteins
11 these 12 two
12 two 13 proteins
14 in 16 aging
15 cardiovascular 16 aging

aberrant dna methylation patterns are a characteristic feature of cancer including myeloid malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 aberrant 2 dna
2 dna 4 patterns
3 methylation 4 patterns
4 patterns 5 are
5 are 8 feature
6 a 7 characteristic
6 a 8 feature
7 characteristic 8 feature
8 feature 9 of
8 feature 15 as
9 of 10 cancer
10 cancer 11 including
11 including 13 malignancies
12 myeloid 13 malignancies
14 such 15 as
15 as 18 leukemia
16 acute 18 leukemia
17 myeloid 18 leukemia
18 leukemia 20 aml
19 ( 20 aml
20 aml 21 )

the mechanisms behind aberrant dna methylation have long remained obscure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 behind
2 mechanisms 7 have
3 behind 6 methylation
4 aberrant 6 methylation
5 dna 6 methylation
7 have 9 remained
8 long 9 remained
9 remained 10 obscure

new genome - wide studies have elucidated the genome and epigenome of solid tumors and aml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 new 2 genome
3 - 5 studies
3 - 7 elucidated
3 - 17 .
4 wide 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 elucidated
7 elucidated 10 and
8 the 9 genome
9 genome 10 and
10 and 11 epigenome
10 and 12 of
12 of 15 and
13 solid 14 tumors
14 tumors 15 and
15 and 16 aml

molecular [subtypes] of aml were found to exhibit highly distinct dna methylation profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 molecular
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 molecular 3 of
1 molecular 5 were
3 of 4 aml
5 were 6 found
6 found 7 to
7 to 8 exhibit
8 exhibit 13 profiles
9 highly 10 distinct
10 distinct 13 profiles
11 dna 13 profiles
12 methylation 13 profiles

clonal evolution patterns of aml were recently dissected and might shape epigenetic dysregulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 clonal 2 evolution
2 evolution 3 patterns
3 patterns 4 of
3 patterns 6 were
4 of 5 aml
6 were 7 recently
6 were 9 and
8 dissected 9 and
9 and 10 might
9 and 13 dysregulation
10 might 11 shape
12 epigenetic 13 dysregulation

also , recurrent mutations in epigenetic modifying enzymes were identified in aml and linked to distinct dna methylation signatures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 4 mutations
3 recurrent 4 mutations
4 mutations 5 in
4 mutations 13 and
5 in 8 enzymes
6 epigenetic 8 enzymes
7 modifying 8 enzymes
9 were 10 identified
9 were 13 and
10 identified 11 in
11 in 12 aml
13 and 14 linked
13 and 15 to
13 and 19 signatures
15 to 17 dna
16 distinct 17 dna
18 methylation 19 signatures

the genetic background , thus , takes [center] [stage] as a driver of epigenetic dysregulation in aml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 takes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 background
2 genetic 3 background
3 background 7 takes
4 , 5 thus
5 thus 6 ,
5 thus 7 takes
7 takes 10 as
7 takes 16 in
10 as 12 driver
11 a 12 driver
12 driver 13 of
13 of 15 dysregulation
14 epigenetic 15 dysregulation
16 in 17 aml

first mechanistic insights into the dysregulation of dna methylation by recurrent mutations have already been gained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 insights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 gained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 first 3 insights
2 mechanistic 3 insights
3 insights 4 into
3 insights 13 have
4 into 6 dysregulation
5 the 6 dysregulation
6 dysregulation 7 of
7 of 9 methylation
8 dna 9 methylation
9 methylation 10 by
10 by 12 mutations
11 recurrent 12 mutations
13 have 15 been
14 already 15 been
15 been 16 gained

other studies suggest that epigenomic plasticity and aging - associated changes in dna methylation also contribute extensively to aberrant dna methylation in cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 other 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 plasticity
4 that 5 epigenomic
5 epigenomic 6 plasticity
7 and 11 changes
7 and 16 contribute
8 aging 9 -
8 aging 11 changes
10 associated 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 16 contribute
12 in 14 methylation
13 dna 14 methylation
15 also 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 extensively
16 contribute 18 to
16 contribute 22 in
18 to 21 methylation
19 aberrant 21 methylation
20 dna 21 methylation
22 in 23 cancer

epigenetic dysregulation , therefore , seems to also occur independently of the genetic background . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 epigenetic 2 dysregulation
2 dysregulation 6 seems
3 , 4 therefore
4 therefore 5 ,
4 therefore 6 seems
6 seems 7 to
6 seems 9 occur
7 to 9 occur
8 also 9 occur
9 occur 10 independently
10 independently 11 of
11 of 14 background
12 the 14 background
13 genetic 14 background

furthermore , global changes in chromatin [conformation] and nuclear organization have also been proposed as potential contributors to aberrant dna methylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 changes
3 global 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 11 have
5 in 8 and
6 chromatin 8 and
8 and 10 organization
9 nuclear 10 organization
11 have 13 been
12 also 13 been
13 been 14 proposed
14 proposed 15 as
14 proposed 18 to
15 as 17 contributors
16 potential 17 contributors
18 to 21 methylation
19 aberrant 21 methylation
20 dna 21 methylation

[this] review will [summarize] and discuss current concepts regarding the mechanisms behind aberrant dna methylation in cancer and specifically aml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 review 3 will
2 review 5 and
5 and 6 discuss
6 discuss 18 and
7 current 8 concepts
8 concepts 9 regarding
8 concepts 18 and
9 regarding 11 mechanisms
9 regarding 12 behind
9 regarding 16 in
10 the 11 mechanisms
12 behind 15 methylation
13 aberrant 15 methylation
14 dna 15 methylation
16 in 17 cancer
18 and 19 specifically
18 and 20 aml

objective : to investigate the relation between lumbar disc degeneration ( ldd ) and all type [of] osteoporotic ( op ) fractures including [vertebral] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 14 and
2 : 25 .
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 relation
4 investigate 7 between
5 the 6 relation
7 between 10 degeneration
8 lumbar 10 degeneration
9 disc 10 degeneration
10 degeneration 12 ldd
11 ( 12 ldd
12 ldd 13 )
14 and 15 all
14 and 16 type
15 all 16 type
16 type 23 including
18 osteoporotic 20 op
18 osteoporotic 21 )
18 osteoporotic 22 fractures
19 ( 20 op
20 op 21 )
22 fractures 23 including

methods : this study is part of the rotterdam study , a large prospective population - based cohort study among men and women aged 55years [and] [over] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 is
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 is
5 is 25 55years
6 part 7 of
6 part 20 among
6 part 22 and
7 of 9 rotterdam
8 the 9 rotterdam
9 rotterdam 10 study
9 rotterdam 17 based
10 study 15 population
10 study 17 based
11 , 15 population
12 a 13 large
12 a 15 population
13 large 15 population
14 prospective 15 population
15 population 16 -
17 based 19 study
18 cohort 19 study
20 among 21 men
22 and 23 women
22 and 24 aged
22 and 25 55years

in 2819 participants [spine] [radiographs] were scored for ldd ( osteophytes and disc space narrowing ( dsn ) ) from l1 till s1 , using the lane atlas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 scored
1 in 2 2819
1 in 3 participants
3 participants 6 were
6 were 7 scored
7 scored 8 for
7 scored 20 from
7 scored 22 till
8 for 9 ldd
9 ldd 12 and
10 ( 12 and
11 osteophytes 12 and
12 and 14 space
12 and 15 narrowing
12 and 17 dsn
12 and 19 )
13 disc 14 space
16 ( 17 dsn
17 dsn 18 )
20 from 21 l1
22 till 23 s1
23 s1 25 using
24 , 25 using
25 using 28 atlas
25 using 29 .
26 the 28 atlas
27 lane 28 atlas

osteoporotic ( op ) fracture data were collected and verified by specialists during 12.8 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 osteoporotic 3 op
2 ( 3 op
3 op 4 )
3 op 6 data
5 fracture 6 data
6 data 7 were
7 were 9 and
8 collected 9 and
9 and 10 verified
9 and 11 by
9 and 12 specialists
9 and 13 during
13 during 15 years
14 12.8 15 years

we considered two types of vertebral fractures ( vfx ) : clinical [vfx] ( symptomatic fractures recorded by medical practitioners ) and radiographic vfx ( using the mccloskey - kanis method ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 we 2 considered
2 considered 4 types
3 two 4 types
4 types 5 of
5 of 7 fractures
6 vertebral 7 fractures
7 fractures 9 vfx
8 ( 9 vfx
9 vfx 10 )
11 : 22 and
11 : 33 .
12 clinical 16 fractures
12 clinical 22 and
14 ( 16 fractures
15 symptomatic 16 fractures
16 fractures 17 recorded
16 fractures 21 )
17 recorded 18 by
18 by 20 practitioners
19 medical 20 practitioners
22 and 24 vfx
22 and 26 using
23 radiographic 24 vfx
25 ( 26 using
26 using 28 mccloskey
26 using 32 )
27 the 28 mccloskey
28 mccloskey 31 method
29 - 31 method
30 kanis 31 method
31 method 32 )

meta - analysis of published studies reporting an association of ldd features and vfx was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 meta 2 -
1 meta 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 15 was
4 of 6 studies
5 published 6 studies
6 studies 7 reporting
7 reporting 9 association
8 an 9 association
9 association 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 ldd 12 features
12 features 13 and
13 and 14 vfx
15 was 16 performed

differences in bone mineral density ( bmd ) between participants [with] and without ldd features were analyzed using anova . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 12 and
1 differences 16 were
2 in 7 bmd
3 bone 4 mineral
4 mineral 5 density
5 density 7 bmd
6 ( 7 bmd
7 bmd 8 )
9 between 10 participants
9 between 12 and
12 and 13 without
13 without 15 features
14 ldd 15 features
16 were 17 analyzed
17 analyzed 18 using
18 using 19 anova

risk of op [-] fractures was analyzed using cox regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 risk 2 of
1 risk 6 was
2 of 5 fractures
3 op 5 fractures
6 was 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 8 using
8 using 10 regression
9 cox 10 regression

results : in a total of 2385 participants , during 12.8 years follow - up , 558 suffered an op - fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 total
4 a 5 total
5 total 6 of
6 of 8 participants
7 2385 8 participants
9 , 13 follow
9 , 16 ,
10 during 12 years
10 during 13 follow
11 12.8 12 years
13 follow 15 up
14 - 15 up
15 up 16 ,
16 , 17 558
16 , 18 suffered
16 , 21 -
17 558 18 suffered
18 suffered 20 op
19 an 20 op
21 - 22 fracture
21 - 23 .

subjects with ldd had an increased op fracture risk compared to subjects without ldd ( hr : 1.29 , ci : 1.04 - 1.60 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
1 subjects 2 with
1 subjects 4 had
2 with 3 ldd
4 had 9 risk
4 had 11 to
4 had 13 without
5 an 9 risk
6 increased 9 risk
7 op 9 risk
8 fracture 9 risk
9 risk 10 compared
11 to 12 subjects
13 without 14 ldd
14 ldd 16 hr
15 ( 16 hr
16 hr 17 :
17 : 18 1.29
17 : 19 ,
17 : 26 .
19 , 20 ci
19 , 21 :
20 ci 21 :
21 : 22 1.04
22 1.04 24 1.60
23 - 24 1.60
24 1.60 25 )

ldd - cases have between 0.3 and 0.72 standard deviations more bmd than [non] - cases in all analyzed regions including total body bmd and skull bmd ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 ldd 2 -
1 ldd 3 cases
3 cases 4 have
4 have 5 between
4 have 11 more
4 have 12 bmd
4 have 13 than
5 between 10 deviations
6 0.3 7 and
7 and 8 0.72
7 and 10 deviations
9 standard 10 deviations
15 - 25 and
15 - 31 .
16 cases 17 in
16 cases 25 and
17 in 20 regions
18 all 20 regions
19 analyzed 20 regions
20 regions 21 including
21 including 24 bmd
22 total 24 bmd
23 body 24 bmd
25 and 27 bmd
25 and 29 p<0.001
26 skull 27 bmd
28 ( 29 p<0.001
29 p<0.001 30 )

only males with ldd had increased risk for op - fractures compared to males without ldd ( adjusted - hr : 1.80 , 95%ci : 1.20 - 2.70 , p=0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 :
1 only 2 males
2 males 3 with
2 males 5 had
3 with 4 ldd
5 had 6 increased
6 increased 7 risk
7 risk 8 for
8 for 9 op
9 op 11 fractures
10 - 11 fractures
11 fractures 12 compared
11 fractures 21 :
12 compared 13 to
12 compared 15 without
13 to 14 males
15 without 16 ldd
16 ldd 18 adjusted
16 ldd 20 hr
17 ( 18 adjusted
18 adjusted 19 -
19 - 20 hr
20 hr 21 :
21 : 22 1.80
21 : 23 ,
21 : 32 .
23 , 24 95%ci
23 , 25 :
24 95%ci 25 :
25 : 27 -
26 1.20 27 -
27 - 28 2.70
27 - 30 p=0.005
29 , 30 p=0.005
30 p=0.005 31 )

the risk was also higher for vfx in males ( hr : 1.64 , ci : 1.03 - 2.60 , p : 0.04 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 the 2 risk
2 risk 3 was
3 was 4 also
3 was 5 higher
5 higher 6 for
5 higher 8 in
6 for 7 vfx
8 in 9 males
9 males 11 hr
10 ( 11 hr
11 hr 12 :
12 : 13 1.64
12 : 14 ,
14 , 15 ci
14 , 16 :
14 , 22 :
15 ci 16 :
16 : 18 -
17 1.03 18 -
18 - 19 2.60
18 - 21 p
20 , 21 p
21 p 22 :
22 : 23 0.04
22 : 25 )(

the association ldd - op - fractures in females was lower and not significant ( adjusted - hr : 1.08 , 95%ci [:] 0.82 - 1.41 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 ldd
2 association 7 fractures
2 association 10 was
3 ldd 5 op
3 ldd 7 fractures
4 - 5 op
5 op 6 -
7 fractures 8 in
8 in 9 females
10 was 11 lower
12 and 13 not
12 and 18 hr
12 and 19 :
13 not 14 significant
14 significant 16 adjusted
14 significant 17 -
14 significant 18 hr
15 ( 16 adjusted
16 adjusted 17 -
18 hr 19 :
19 : 20 1.08
20 1.08 22 95%ci
21 , 22 95%ci
22 95%ci 25 -
22 95%ci 27 )
24 0.82 25 -
25 - 26 1.41

meta - analyses showed that the risk of vfx in subjects with ldd has been studied only in women and there is not enough evidence to confidently analyze the relationship between ldd - features ( dsn or/and oph ) and vfx due to low power and heterogeneity in phenotype definition in the collected studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 meta 2 -
1 meta 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 7 risk
5 that 16 studied
6 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
7 risk 10 in
7 risk 14 has
8 of 9 vfx
10 in 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 with
12 with 13 ldd
14 has 15 been
15 been 16 studied
16 studied 17 only
16 studied 18 in
18 in 19 women
20 and 21 there
20 and 22 is
21 there 22 is
22 is 23 not
22 is 25 evidence
22 is 26 to
22 is 43 to
24 enough 25 evidence
26 to 28 analyze
27 confidently 28 analyze
28 analyze 30 relationship
29 the 30 relationship
30 relationship 31 between
31 between 40 and
32 ldd 34 features
32 ldd 40 and
33 - 34 features
34 features 38 oph
34 features 39 )
35 ( 38 oph
36 dsn 38 oph
37 or/and 38 oph
38 oph 39 )
40 and 41 vfx
42 due 43 to
43 to 46 and
44 low 45 power
45 power 46 and
46 and 47 heterogeneity
46 and 48 in
46 and 51 in
48 in 50 definition
49 phenotype 50 definition
51 in 54 studies
52 the 54 studies
53 collected 54 studies

conclusions : male subjects with ldd have a higher osteoporotic fracture risk , in spite of systemically higher bmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 7 have
3 male 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
4 subjects 7 have
5 with 6 ldd
7 have 12 risk
8 a 12 risk
9 higher 11 fracture
10 osteoporotic 11 fracture
11 fracture 12 risk
12 risk 14 in
13 , 14 in
14 in 15 spite
14 in 20 .
15 spite 16 of
16 of 19 bmd
17 systemically 18 higher
18 higher 19 bmd

background : glutathione - s - transferase [gene] ( gst ) polymorphisms can result in variable ability of these enzymes to remove electrophilic substrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 polymorphisms
2 : 14 result
2 : 25 .
3 glutathione 5 s
3 glutathione 7 transferase
3 glutathione 12 polymorphisms
4 - 5 s
5 s 6 -
6 - 7 transferase
7 transferase 10 gst
7 transferase 11 )
9 ( 10 gst
10 gst 11 )
12 polymorphisms 13 can
13 can 14 result
14 result 15 in
15 in 17 ability
16 variable 17 ability
17 ability 18 of
17 ability 21 to
17 ability 22 remove
18 of 20 enzymes
19 these 20 enzymes
21 to 22 remove
22 remove 24 substrates
23 electrophilic 24 substrates

we investigated whether the gstp1 val105 and gstm1 deletion polymorphisms modify the lead - cognitive function association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 7 and
3 whether 11 modify
4 the 6 val105
5 gstp1 6 val105
6 val105 7 and
7 and 10 polymorphisms
7 and 11 modify
8 gstm1 10 polymorphisms
9 deletion 10 polymorphisms
11 modify 13 lead
12 the 13 lead
14 - 17 association
14 - 18 .
15 cognitive 16 function
16 function 17 association

methods : we used repeated measures [analysis] to compare the association between cumulative lead biomarkers - bone lead measured using k - shell x - ray fluorescence - and mini - mental state exam ( mmse ) score by gst variants , adjusted for covariates , among normative aging study participants , a boston - based prospective cohort of men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
2 : 3 we
3 we 4 used
4 used 6 measures
4 used 8 to
5 repeated 6 measures
8 to 9 compare
9 compare 11 association
9 compare 12 between
10 the 11 association
12 between 14 lead
13 cumulative 14 lead
14 lead 15 biomarkers
14 lead 26 ray
15 biomarkers 18 lead
15 biomarkers 26 ray
16 - 18 lead
17 bone 18 lead
18 lead 19 measured
18 lead 20 using
18 lead 23 shell
18 lead 25 -
20 using 21 k
22 - 23 shell
23 shell 24 x
23 shell 25 -
26 ray 29 and
27 fluorescence 29 and
28 - 29 and
29 and 38 score
29 and 39 by
30 mini 34 exam
30 mini 38 score
31 - 34 exam
32 mental 34 exam
33 state 34 exam
34 exam 36 mmse
34 exam 37 )
35 ( 36 mmse
36 mmse 37 )
39 by 41 variants
40 gst 41 variants
41 variants 43 adjusted
42 , 43 adjusted
43 adjusted 44 for
44 for 45 covariates
45 covariates 47 among
45 covariates 54 boston
46 , 47 among
47 among 51 participants
47 among 52 ,
48 normative 49 aging
49 aging 50 study
50 study 51 participants
52 , 54 boston
53 a 54 boston
54 boston 58 cohort
54 boston 61 .
55 - 58 cohort
56 based 58 cohort
57 prospective 58 cohort
58 cohort 59 of
58 cohort 61 .
59 of 60 men

we had complete data for 698 men ( providing 1292 observations ) for gstm1 analyses and 595 men ( providing 1142 observations ) for gstp1 analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 had
2 had 4 data
2 had 24 for
3 complete 4 data
4 data 5 for
4 data 13 for
5 for 7 men
6 698 7 men
7 men 9 providing
8 ( 9 providing
9 providing 11 observations
9 providing 12 )
10 1292 11 observations
13 for 16 and
14 gstm1 15 analyses
15 analyses 16 and
16 and 18 men
16 and 20 providing
17 595 18 men
19 ( 20 providing
20 providing 22 observations
20 providing 23 )
21 1142 22 observations
24 for 26 analyses
25 gstp1 26 analyses

results : a 15 [μg] / g higher tibia lead concentration ( interquartile range of tibia lead ) was associated with a 0.24 point [decrement] [in] mmse score among gstp1 val105 variant carriers , which was significantly stronger than the association among men with only wild - type alleles ( p=0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 concentration
3 a 11 concentration
4 15 7 g
6 / 7 g
7 g 11 concentration
8 higher 9 tibia
9 tibia 11 concentration
10 lead 11 concentration
11 concentration 14 range
11 concentration 19 was
12 ( 14 range
13 interquartile 14 range
14 range 15 of
14 range 18 )
15 of 17 lead
16 tibia 17 lead
19 was 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 24 point
22 a 24 point
23 0.24 24 point
24 point 27 mmse
24 point 28 score
24 point 35 which
27 mmse 28 score
28 score 29 among
29 among 33 carriers
30 gstp1 31 val105
31 val105 33 carriers
32 variant 33 carriers
34 , 35 which
35 which 36 was
36 was 37 significantly
36 was 38 stronger
38 stronger 39 than
38 stronger 42 among
39 than 41 association
40 the 41 association
42 among 43 men
43 men 44 with
43 men 51 p=0.01
44 with 49 alleles
45 only 46 wild
46 wild 47 -
46 wild 48 type
48 type 49 alleles
50 ( 51 p=0.01
51 p=0.01 53 )(

the association among gstp1 val105 carriers was comparable to that of 3 years of age in baseline mmse scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 among
2 association 7 was
3 among 6 carriers
4 gstp1 5 val105
5 val105 6 carriers
7 was 8 comparable
8 comparable 9 to
8 comparable 16 in
9 to 10 that
10 that 11 of
11 of 13 years
12 3 13 years
13 years 14 of
14 of 15 age
16 in 17 baseline
17 baseline 18 mmse
17 baseline 19 scores
18 mmse 19 scores

the association [between] tibia lead and mmse score appeared progressively steeper in participants with [increasingly] more gstp1 val105 alleles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 5 lead
2 association 5 lead
4 tibia 5 lead
5 lead 6 and
6 and 8 score
6 and 9 appeared
7 mmse 8 score
9 appeared 11 steeper
10 progressively 11 steeper
11 steeper 12 in
11 steeper 14 with
12 in 13 participants
14 with 19 alleles
16 more 19 alleles
17 gstp1 18 val105
18 val105 19 alleles

a modest association between tibia [lead] and lower mmse score was seen among participants with the gstm1 deletion polymorphism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 modest
1 a 3 association
2 modest 3 association
3 association 4 between
3 association 11 was
4 between 7 and
5 tibia 7 and
7 and 10 score
8 lower 10 score
9 mmse 10 score
11 was 12 seen
12 seen 13 among
12 seen 15 with
13 among 14 participants
15 with 19 polymorphism
16 the 19 polymorphism
17 gstm1 19 polymorphism
18 deletion 19 polymorphism

neither of the glutathione [s] - transferase variants was independently associated with cognitive [function] , [nor] [with] lead biomarker measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neither
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 neither 2 of
1 neither 9 was
2 of 8 variants
3 the 8 variants
4 glutathione 6 -
4 glutathione 7 transferase
7 transferase 8 variants
9 was 11 associated
10 independently 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 20 measures
13 cognitive 15 ,
13 cognitive 18 lead
18 lead 19 biomarker
19 biomarker 20 measures

the results pertaining to [patella] lead were similar to those observed for tibia lead . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 pertaining
2 results 7 were
2 results 8 similar
2 results 14 lead
3 pertaining 4 to
3 pertaining 7 were
4 to 6 lead
8 similar 9 to
9 to 10 those
10 those 11 observed
11 observed 12 for
12 for 13 tibia

conclusion : our results suggest that the gstp1 val105 polymorphism confers excess susceptibility to the cognitive effects of cumulative lead exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 22 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 10 polymorphism
6 that 11 confers
7 the 10 polymorphism
8 gstp1 9 val105
9 val105 10 polymorphism
10 polymorphism 11 confers
11 confers 13 susceptibility
11 confers 14 to
12 excess 13 susceptibility
14 to 17 effects
15 the 17 effects
16 cognitive 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
18 of 21 exposure
19 cumulative 20 lead
20 lead 21 exposure

cross - sectional neuroimaging studies are an important first step in examining developmental differences in brain function between adults and youth with bipolar disorder ( bd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 cross 2 -
1 cross 5 studies
3 sectional 5 studies
4 neuroimaging 5 studies
5 studies 6 are
6 are 10 step
7 an 8 important
7 an 10 step
8 important 10 step
9 first 10 step
10 step 11 in
11 in 12 examining
12 examining 14 differences
12 examining 17 function
13 developmental 14 differences
14 differences 15 in
14 differences 17 function
15 in 16 brain
17 function 18 between
17 function 22 with
18 between 20 and
19 adults 20 and
20 and 21 youth
22 with 24 disorder
23 bipolar 24 disorder
24 disorder 26 bd
25 ( 26 bd
26 bd 27 )

impaired response flexibility may contribute to reduced ability to modify goal [-] directed behavior in bd appropriately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 flexibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 impaired 2 response
2 response 3 flexibility
3 flexibility 4 may
4 may 5 contribute
5 contribute 6 to
6 to 8 ability
7 reduced 8 ability
8 ability 9 to
8 ability 10 modify
9 to 10 modify
10 modify 14 behavior
10 modify 15 in
10 modify 17 appropriately
11 goal 13 directed
13 directed 14 behavior
15 in 16 bd

we compared neural circuitry mediating this process in child ( cbd ) vs [.] adult bd ( abd ) and age - matched healthy subjects [.] fmri [data] from 15 cbd , 23 abd , 20 healthy children , and 27 healthy adults [were] acquired during a response flexibility paradigm , a task where subjects inhibit a prepotent response and execute an alternative response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 circuitry
2 compared 8 in
3 neural 4 circuitry
4 circuitry 5 mediating
5 mediating 7 process
6 this 7 process
8 in 20 and
9 child 11 cbd
10 ( 11 cbd
11 cbd 12 )
11 cbd 13 vs
11 cbd 20 and
13 vs 18 abd
15 adult 18 abd
16 bd 18 abd
17 ( 18 abd
18 abd 19 )
20 and 21 age
20 and 22 -
20 and 25 subjects
20 and 27 fmri
23 matched 25 subjects
24 healthy 25 subjects
25 subjects 27 fmri
27 fmri 29 from
29 from 40 and
30 15 31 cbd
31 cbd 32 ,
32 , 34 abd
32 , 35 ,
33 23 34 abd
35 , 38 children
35 , 40 and
36 20 38 children
37 healthy 38 children
39 , 40 and
40 and 43 adults
40 and 45 acquired
41 27 43 adults
42 healthy 43 adults
45 acquired 46 during
46 during 50 paradigm
47 a 50 paradigm
48 response 50 paradigm
49 flexibility 50 paradigm
50 paradigm 53 task
51 , 53 task
52 a 53 task
53 task 54 where
53 task 65 .
54 where 55 subjects
54 where 60 and
55 subjects 60 and
56 inhibit 59 response
56 inhibit 60 and
57 a 59 response
58 prepotent 59 response
60 and 61 execute
60 and 64 response
62 an 64 response
63 alternative 64 response

when successfully executing an alternate response , cbd showed frontal , parietal , and temporal hyperactivation relative to healthy children and abd , while abd hypoactivated these regions relative to healthy adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cbd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 when 3 executing
1 when 7 ,
1 when 8 cbd
2 successfully 3 executing
3 executing 6 response
4 an 6 response
5 alternate 6 response
8 cbd 9 showed
9 showed 14 and
9 showed 16 hyperactivation
10 frontal 11 ,
11 , 12 parietal
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 temporal
16 hyperactivation 17 relative
16 hyperactivation 29 relative
17 relative 18 to
17 relative 24 while
18 to 21 and
19 healthy 20 children
20 children 21 and
21 and 22 abd
21 and 23 ,
24 while 25 abd
24 while 26 hypoactivated
25 abd 26 hypoactivated
26 hypoactivated 28 regions
27 these 28 regions
29 relative 30 to
30 to 32 adults
31 healthy 32 adults

previous studies of response flexibility in healthy volunteers revealed frontal , temporal , and parietal cortex hyperactivation in children and hypoactivation in adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 of
2 studies 6 in
2 studies 9 revealed
3 of 5 flexibility
4 response 5 flexibility
6 in 8 volunteers
7 healthy 8 volunteers
9 revealed 17 hyperactivation
9 revealed 18 in
9 revealed 22 in
10 frontal 11 ,
11 , 12 temporal
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 parietal
14 and 16 cortex
16 cortex 17 hyperactivation
18 in 20 and
19 children 20 and
20 and 21 hypoactivation
22 in 23 adults

relative to age - matched healthy subjects , we found hyperactivation in these regions in cbd and hypoactivation in abd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 relative 2 to
1 relative 8 ,
1 relative 9 we
2 to 3 age
3 age 7 subjects
4 - 7 subjects
5 matched 7 subjects
6 healthy 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 ,
9 we 10 found
10 found 11 hyperactivation
10 found 19 in
11 hyperactivation 12 in
11 hyperactivation 15 in
12 in 14 regions
13 these 14 regions
15 in 17 and
16 cbd 17 and
17 and 18 hypoactivation
19 in 20 abd

this suggests that our findings in patients may represent the extreme extension of the age - related response flexibility activation differences found in healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 5 findings
3 that 9 represent
4 our 5 findings
5 findings 6 in
5 findings 8 may
6 in 7 patients
8 may 9 represent
9 represent 12 extension
10 the 12 extension
11 extreme 12 extension
12 extension 13 of
13 of 15 age
14 the 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 21 differences
17 related 26 .
18 response 21 differences
19 flexibility 21 differences
20 activation 21 differences
21 differences 22 found
22 found 23 in
23 in 25 subjects
24 healthy 25 subjects

future studies should use longitudinal fmri to examine the developmental trajectory of the neural circuitry mediating response flexibility in bd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 use
4 use 6 fmri
4 use 7 to
4 use 8 examine
5 longitudinal 6 fmri
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 11 trajectory
8 examine 19 in
9 the 11 trajectory
10 developmental 11 trajectory
11 trajectory 12 of
12 of 15 circuitry
13 the 15 circuitry
14 neural 15 circuitry
15 circuitry 16 mediating
16 mediating 18 flexibility
17 response 18 flexibility
19 in 20 bd

background : despite extensive research funding in the field of dementia , deficits in the quality of dementia care still exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 21 exist
2 : 22 .
3 despite 5 research
3 despite 21 exist
4 extensive 5 research
5 research 6 funding
6 funding 7 in
6 funding 14 in
6 funding 19 care
7 in 9 field
8 the 9 field
9 field 10 of
10 of 13 deficits
11 dementia 12 ,
11 dementia 13 deficits
14 in 16 quality
15 the 16 quality
16 quality 17 of
17 of 18 dementia
20 still 21 exist

in order to project different alternative futures of health care for people with dementia ( pwd ) in germany , we have initiated a multidisciplinary scenario process ( sce - dem ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 futures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 7 futures
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 project
3 to 4 project
5 different 6 alternative
6 alternative 7 futures
7 futures 8 of
7 futures 10 care
8 of 9 health
10 care 11 for
10 care 18 in
11 for 12 people
12 people 13 with
13 with 14 dementia
14 dementia 16 pwd
15 ( 16 pwd
16 pwd 17 )
18 in 19 germany
20 , 21 we
20 , 23 initiated
21 we 22 have
22 have 23 initiated
23 initiated 27 process
24 a 27 process
25 multidisciplinary 26 scenario
26 scenario 27 process
27 process 29 sce
28 ( 29 sce
29 sce 31 dem
29 sce 32 )
30 - 31 dem
31 dem 32 )

results : as a result of the scenario process , five consistent scenarios were developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 scenarios
2 : 15 developed
2 : 16 .
3 as 5 result
3 as 10 ,
3 as 13 scenarios
4 a 5 result
5 result 6 of
6 of 9 process
7 the 9 process
8 scenario 9 process
11 five 13 scenarios
12 consistent 13 scenarios
13 scenarios 14 were
14 were 15 developed

two of these could be described as dark scenarios with very poor prospects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 two 2 of
1 two 4 could
2 of 3 these
4 could 5 be
5 be 6 described
6 described 7 as
6 described 10 with
7 as 9 scenarios
8 dark 9 scenarios
10 with 13 prospects
11 very 12 poor
12 poor 13 prospects

a third one has been referred [to] as " well - meant , but badly done " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 3 one
2 third 3 one
3 one 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 14 but
6 referred 8 as
6 referred 14 but
8 as 9 "
8 as 10 well
10 well 12 meant
11 - 12 meant
12 meant 13 ,
14 but 16 done
15 badly 16 done
16 done 17 "

two scenarios entail mostly positive aspects but one of them has a tendency towards [,] a " health control " state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scenarios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 entail
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 two 2 scenarios
2 scenarios 3 entail
3 entail 6 aspects
4 mostly 5 positive
5 positive 6 aspects
7 but 8 one
7 but 11 has
8 one 9 of
8 one 11 has
9 of 10 them
11 has 13 tendency
11 has 14 towards
12 a 13 tendency
14 towards 21 state
16 a 17 "
16 a 21 state
18 health 21 state
19 control 20 "
19 control 21 state

conclusion : the more positive scenarios provide a framework for determining relevant actions in research , society , and politics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 scenarios
2 : 7 provide
2 : 21 .
3 the 6 scenarios
4 more 5 positive
5 positive 6 scenarios
6 scenarios 7 provide
7 provide 9 framework
7 provide 14 in
8 a 9 framework
9 framework 10 for
10 for 11 determining
11 determining 13 actions
12 relevant 13 actions
14 in 19 and
15 research 16 ,
16 , 17 society
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 politics

objective : to evaluate the effects of case management in community aged care ( cmcac ) interventions on service use and costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 23 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 21 and
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 21 and
7 of 9 management
8 case 9 management
9 management 10 in
9 management 17 interventions
9 management 20 use
10 in 13 care
11 community 12 aged
12 aged 13 care
13 care 15 cmcac
14 ( 15 cmcac
15 cmcac 16 )
17 interventions 18 on
17 interventions 20 use
18 on 19 service
21 and 22 costs

method : five databases were searched from [inception] to 2011 july to include randomized control trials and comparative observational english studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 five
2 : 9 to
2 : 12 to
3 five 4 databases
3 five 7 from
4 databases 5 were
5 were 6 searched
6 searched 7 from
9 to 11 july
10 2011 11 july
12 to 13 include
13 include 16 trials
14 randomized 15 control
15 control 16 trials
17 and 20 english
17 and 21 studies
18 comparative 20 english
19 observational 20 english
20 english 21 studies

results were summarized by using the best - evidence synthesis approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 results 2 were
2 were 3 summarized
3 summarized 4 by
4 by 5 using
5 using 9 evidence
6 the 7 best
6 the 9 evidence
7 best 8 -
9 evidence 10 synthesis
9 evidence 11 approach
10 synthesis 11 approach

results : twenty - one studies were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 twenty
2 : 8 included
2 : 9 .
3 twenty 5 one
3 twenty 6 studies
3 twenty 7 were
4 - 5 one
5 one 6 studies
7 were 8 included

available studies supported improvements in clients ' use of case management services [(] all of the four studies [ )( some community services [(] 8 of the 10 [ )(and nursing home admission and stay ( around one [half] ) [,] delay of nursing home placement ( all of the two studies ) , [and] achieving cost neutrality ( 8 of the 11 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 available
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
1 available 2 studies
2 studies 4 improvements
2 studies 5 in
3 supported 4 improvements
5 in 8 use
6 clients 7 '
7 ' 8 use
8 use 9 of
9 of 12 services
10 case 11 management
11 management 12 services
12 services 14 all
12 services 18 studies
14 all 15 of
14 all 18 studies
15 of 17 four
16 the 17 four
18 studies 30 )(and
21 some 30 )(and
22 community 23 services
23 services 25 8
23 services 26 of
23 services 30 )(and
26 of 28 10
27 the 28 10
30 )(and 42 delay
31 nursing 42 delay
32 home 33 admission
33 admission 34 and
34 and 35 stay
34 and 37 around
34 and 42 delay
36 ( 37 around
37 around 38 one
37 around 40 )
42 delay 43 of
43 of 44 nursing
44 nursing 45 home
44 nursing 46 placement
44 nursing 56 achieving
46 placement 52 studies
47 ( 52 studies
48 all 49 of
48 all 52 studies
49 of 52 studies
50 the 51 two
51 two 52 studies
52 studies 53 )
54 , 56 achieving
56 achieving 58 neutrality
56 achieving 65 .
57 cost 58 neutrality
58 neutrality 60 8
59 ( 60 8
60 8 61 of
60 8 64 )
61 of 63 11
62 the 63 11

the effects on medical care utilization were varying . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 on
2 effects 7 were
3 on 6 utilization
4 medical 5 care
5 care 6 utilization
7 were 8 varying

discussion : in general , these positive effects justify the further development and refinement of cmcac programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 4 general
3 in 4 general
5 , 8 effects
5 , 9 justify
6 these 8 effects
7 positive 8 effects
8 effects 9 justify
9 justify 13 and
10 the 13 and
11 further 12 development
12 development 13 and
13 and 14 refinement
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 programs
16 cmcac 17 programs

result applicability is limited by only including english studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applicability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 result 2 applicability
2 applicability 3 is
3 is 4 limited
4 limited 5 by
5 by 7 including
6 only 7 including
7 including 9 studies
8 english 9 studies

cost studies applying a societal perspective , and full economic appraisals [where] appropriate are warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cost 2 studies
2 studies 3 applying
2 studies 8 and
3 applying 6 perspective
4 a 6 perspective
5 societal 6 perspective
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 full
8 and 11 appraisals
8 and 13 appropriate
8 and 14 are
10 economic 11 appraisals
11 appraisals 13 appropriate
14 are 15 warranted

[none] background : impaired tissue responsiveness to nitric oxide ( no ) occurs in many cardiovascular diseases as well as with advanced age and is [a] correlate [of] poor outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 6 responsiveness
3 : 24 and
3 : 31 .
4 impaired 5 tissue
5 tissue 6 responsiveness
6 responsiveness 7 to
6 responsiveness 24 and
7 to 9 oxide
8 nitric 9 oxide
9 oxide 11 no
10 ( 11 no
11 no 12 )
13 occurs 14 in
13 occurs 18 as
13 occurs 20 as
13 occurs 24 and
14 in 17 diseases
15 many 17 diseases
16 cardiovascular 17 diseases
18 as 19 well
20 as 21 with
21 with 23 age
22 advanced 23 age
24 and 25 is
24 and 30 outcomes
25 is 27 correlate
29 poor 30 outcomes

this phenomenon results from oxidative stress , with no " scavenging " and dysfunction of soluble guanylate cyclase ( sgc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phenomenon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 phenomenon
2 phenomenon 3 results
3 results 4 from
3 results 8 with
4 from 6 stress
5 oxidative 6 stress
7 , 8 with
8 with 13 and
8 with 21 )
9 no 10 "
9 no 11 scavenging
9 no 13 and
11 scavenging 12 "
13 and 14 dysfunction
13 and 15 of
15 of 18 cyclase
16 soluble 18 cyclase
17 guanylate 18 cyclase
18 cyclase 20 sgc
19 ( 20 sgc
20 sgc 21 )

thioredoxin - interacting protein ( txnip ) is a major intracellular regulator of inflammatory activation and redox stress , but its interactions with no/sgc are poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thioredoxin 2 -
1 thioredoxin 4 protein
3 interacting 4 protein
4 protein 6 txnip
4 protein 8 is
5 ( 6 txnip
6 txnip 7 )
8 is 12 regulator
9 a 12 regulator
10 major 12 regulator
11 intracellular 12 regulator
12 regulator 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 inflammatory 15 activation
15 activation 16 and
16 and 18 stress
17 redox 18 stress
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 interactions
20 but 27 understood
21 its 22 interactions
22 interactions 23 with
22 interactions 25 are
23 with 24 no/sgc
25 are 26 poorly
25 are 27 understood

we have now evaluated the relationship between platelet txnip expression and function of the no/sgc axis in subjects of varying age and during therapy with ramipril . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 evaluated
3 now 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 6 relationship
4 evaluated 7 between
4 evaluated 25 with
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 11 and
8 platelet 10 expression
9 txnip 10 expression
10 expression 11 and
11 and 12 function
11 and 13 of
13 of 16 axis
14 the 16 axis
15 no/sgc 16 axis
16 axis 22 and
17 in 18 subjects
17 in 22 and
18 subjects 19 of
19 of 20 varying
20 varying 21 age
22 and 23 during
23 during 24 therapy
25 with 26 ramipril

methods & results : young ( n=42 ) and aging ( n=49 ) subjects underwent evaluation [of] platelet txnip content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 methods 2 &
2 & 3 results
4 : 14 subjects
4 : 15 underwent
4 : 21 .
5 young 7 n=42
5 young 9 and
6 ( 7 n=42
7 n=42 8 )
9 and 10 aging
9 and 12 n=49
9 and 14 subjects
11 ( 12 n=49
12 n=49 13 )
14 subjects 15 underwent
15 underwent 20 content
16 evaluation 20 content
18 platelet 20 content
19 txnip 20 content

aging subjects additionally had measurements of platelet no responsiveness and routine biochemistry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 aging 2 subjects
1 aging 4 had
3 additionally 4 had
4 had 5 measurements
5 measurements 6 of
6 of 10 and
7 platelet 9 responsiveness
8 no 9 responsiveness
9 responsiveness 10 and
10 and 12 biochemistry
11 routine 12 biochemistry

platelet txnip content was greater [(] 376±33 units [ )(in the aging compared to younger subjects ( 289±13 units ; p<0.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 content
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 )(
1 platelet 2 txnip
2 txnip 3 content
3 content 4 was
4 was 8 units
4 was 10 )(in
5 greater 8 units
7 376±33 8 units
10 )(in 12 aging
11 the 12 aging
12 aging 13 compared
12 aging 19 units
13 compared 14 to
14 to 16 subjects
15 younger 16 subjects
17 ( 19 units
18 289±13 19 units
19 units 20 ;
20 ; 21 p<0.05

in the aging subjects there was a significant negative correlation ( r= - 0.50 , p<0.001 ) between platelet txnip content and no responsiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 subjects
1 in 5 there
2 the 4 subjects
3 aging 4 subjects
5 there 6 was
6 was 10 correlation
6 was 18 between
7 a 8 significant
7 a 10 correlation
8 significant 9 negative
9 negative 10 correlation
10 correlation 16 p<0.001
11 ( 16 p<0.001
12 r= 14 0.50
12 r= 15 ,
12 r= 16 p<0.001
13 - 14 0.50
14 0.50 15 ,
16 p<0.001 17 )
18 between 22 and
19 platelet 21 content
20 txnip 21 content
21 content 22 and
22 and 24 responsiveness
23 no 24 responsiveness

in a separate cohort of 15 subjects two week treatment with ramipril , which reversed platelet no resistance and potentiated sgc activity , also decreased platelet txnip content by 40 % ( p=0.011 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 4 cohort
1 in 10 treatment
2 a 4 cohort
3 separate 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 of
5 of 7 subjects
6 15 7 subjects
8 two 9 week
9 week 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 with
10 treatment 14 which
10 treatment 25 decreased
11 with 12 ramipril
13 , 14 which
14 which 19 and
14 which 23 ,
15 reversed 18 resistance
15 reversed 19 and
16 platelet 18 resistance
17 no 18 resistance
19 and 20 potentiated
20 potentiated 22 activity
21 sgc 22 activity
24 also 25 decreased
25 decreased 27 txnip
26 platelet 27 txnip
27 txnip 28 content
28 content 29 by
29 by 31 %
30 40 31 %
31 % 33 p=0.011
32 ( 33 p=0.011
33 p=0.011 34 )

conclusions : platelet txnip content increases with aging , varies inversely with responsiveness to no , and diminishes rapidly following treatment with ramipril . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 txnip
3 platelet 4 txnip
4 txnip 5 content
4 txnip 18 diminishes
4 txnip 20 following
5 content 9 ,
6 increases 7 with
6 increases 9 ,
7 with 8 aging
9 , 17 and
10 varies 11 inversely
10 varies 12 with
10 varies 14 to
10 varies 17 and
12 with 13 responsiveness
14 to 15 no
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 diminishes
19 rapidly 20 following
20 following 21 treatment
20 following 22 with
22 with 23 ramipril

these data suggest that txnip - induced oxidative stress may be a critical modulator of tissue resistance to no , a fundamental basis for cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 txnip
4 that 5 txnip
6 - 9 stress
6 - 11 be
7 induced 9 stress
8 oxidative 9 stress
9 stress 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 14 modulator
12 a 14 modulator
13 critical 14 modulator
14 modulator 15 of
15 of 17 resistance
16 tissue 17 resistance
17 resistance 18 to
18 to 19 no
19 no 23 basis
20 , 23 basis
21 a 22 fundamental
21 a 23 basis
22 fundamental 23 basis
23 basis 24 for
23 basis 27 .
24 for 26 disease
25 cardiovascular 26 disease

analogously suppression of txnip expression can potentially be utilized as an index of restoration of cardiovascular homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suppression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 utilized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 analogously 2 suppression
2 suppression 3 of
2 suppression 6 can
3 of 5 expression
4 txnip 5 expression
6 can 8 be
7 potentially 8 be
8 be 9 utilized
9 utilized 10 as
10 as 12 index
11 an 12 index
12 index 13 of
13 of 14 restoration
14 restoration 15 of
15 of 17 homeostasis
16 cardiovascular 17 homeostasis

[non] - hodgkin lymphoma ( nhl ) occurs worldwide although there is notable geographical variation in incidence [and] [subtype] distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 - 6 nhl
3 hodgkin 4 lymphoma
4 lymphoma 6 nhl
5 ( 6 nhl
6 nhl 7 )
6 nhl 8 occurs
8 occurs 9 worldwide
8 occurs 10 although
8 occurs 16 in
10 although 11 there
10 although 12 is
11 there 12 is
12 is 15 variation
13 notable 15 variation
14 geographical 15 variation
16 in 20 distribution
17 incidence 20 distribution

these differences are due to a combination of demographic , environmental and other unidentified factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 differences
2 differences 3 are
3 are 5 to
4 due 5 to
5 to 7 combination
6 a 7 combination
7 combination 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 demographic 10 ,
10 , 11 environmental
10 , 12 and
12 and 15 factors
13 other 15 factors
14 unidentified 15 factors

a dramatic increase in nhl [incidence] was seen starting around 1970 , with subsequent stabilization 10 years ago . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 seen
1 a 2 dramatic
1 a 3 increase
2 dramatic 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 7 was
4 in 5 nhl
7 was 8 seen
8 seen 9 starting
9 starting 10 around
9 starting 13 with
10 around 11 1970
12 , 13 with
13 with 15 stabilization
13 with 19 .
14 subsequent 15 stabilization
15 stabilization 18 ago
16 10 17 years
17 years 18 ago

despite this plateau , the number of new cases in many countries will increase significantly in coming years due primarily to aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 despite 3 plateau
1 despite 4 ,
1 despite 9 cases
2 this 3 plateau
5 the 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 9 cases
7 of 9 cases
8 new 9 cases
9 cases 10 in
9 cases 13 will
10 in 12 countries
11 many 12 countries
13 will 14 increase
14 increase 15 significantly
14 increase 16 in
16 in 18 years
17 coming 18 years
18 years 19 due
19 due 20 primarily
20 primarily 21 to
21 to 22 aging
22 aging 23 populations

in the majority of cases , strong risk factors are not identifiable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 5 cases
1 in 6 ,
1 in 9 factors
2 the 3 majority
3 majority 4 of
3 majority 5 cases
4 of 5 cases
7 strong 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
9 factors 10 are
10 are 11 not
10 are 12 identifiable

there is significant epidemiological heterogeneity between nhl [subtypes] , yet cancer registries have tended to consider nhl as a single entity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 heterogeneity
3 significant 5 heterogeneity
4 epidemiological 5 heterogeneity
5 heterogeneity 6 between
6 between 7 nhl
9 , 10 yet
9 , 14 tended
10 yet 12 registries
11 cancer 12 registries
12 registries 13 have
13 have 14 tended
14 tended 15 to
15 to 16 consider
16 consider 17 nhl
16 consider 18 as
18 as 21 entity
19 a 20 single
19 a 21 entity
20 single 21 entity

this is one of several epidemiological obstacles discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 one
3 one 4 of
4 of 7 obstacles
5 several 7 obstacles
6 epidemiological 7 obstacles
7 obstacles 8 discussed

objective : the aim of this study was to assess the effects of oral [triiodothyronine] ( t3 ) therapy on postoperative thyroid hormone concentrations , hemodynamic variables , and outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 assess
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 12 effects
10 assess 20 on
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 19 therapy
14 oral 17 t3
14 oral 19 therapy
16 ( 17 t3
17 t3 18 )
20 on 29 and
21 postoperative 22 thyroid
22 thyroid 24 concentrations
23 hormone 24 concentrations
24 concentrations 25 ,
25 , 27 variables
25 , 29 and
26 hemodynamic 27 variables
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 outcomes

design : [a] prospective , randomized , controlled , double - blind study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 prospective
4 prospective 6 randomized
4 prospective 8 controlled
5 , 6 randomized
6 randomized 7 ,
7 , 8 controlled
8 controlled 9 ,
9 , 13 study
10 double 11 -
10 double 13 study
12 blind 13 study

setting : cardiac operating room at a single institution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 cardiac
3 cardiac 4 operating
4 operating 5 room
4 operating 6 at
6 at 9 institution
7 a 8 single
7 a 9 institution
8 single 9 institution

participants : one hundred patients undergoing elective [off] - pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 5 patients
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 patients
5 patients 6 undergoing
6 undergoing 15 surgery
7 elective 9 -
7 elective 10 pump
10 pump 14 graft
11 coronary 12 artery
12 artery 14 graft
13 bypass 14 graft
14 graft 15 surgery

interventions : patients received either 20 μg of oral t3 or placebo every 12 hours starting 20 minutes before anesthetic induction , for a total of 4 doses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 minutes
2 : 3 patients
2 : 4 received
3 patients 4 received
4 received 5 either
4 received 7 μg
6 20 7 μg
7 μg 8 of
8 of 11 or
9 oral 10 t3
10 t3 11 or
11 or 12 placebo
11 or 13 every
11 or 16 starting
11 or 18 minutes
13 every 15 hours
14 12 15 hours
16 starting 17 20
16 starting 18 minutes
18 minutes 19 before
18 minutes 23 for
19 before 21 induction
20 anesthetic 21 induction
22 , 23 for
23 for 25 total
23 for 29 .
24 a 25 total
25 total 26 of
26 of 28 doses
27 4 28 doses

measurements and main results : plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were measured serially before surgery , upon [arrival] [in] the intensive care unit , [and] 12 , 24 , and 36 hours after surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 measurements 2 and
2 and 3 main
3 main 4 results
5 : 7 concentrations
5 : 11 were
6 plasma 7 concentrations
7 concentrations 8 of
7 concentrations 11 were
8 of 10 hormones
9 thyroid 10 hormones
11 were 12 measured
12 measured 13 serially
12 measured 30 and
14 before 15 surgery
14 before 30 and
15 surgery 17 upon
15 surgery 26 12
15 surgery 28 24
16 , 17 upon
17 upon 23 unit
17 upon 24 ,
20 the 23 unit
21 intensive 22 care
22 care 23 unit
24 , 26 12
26 12 27 ,
27 , 28 24
28 24 29 ,
29 , 30 and
30 and 33 after
31 36 32 hours
32 hours 33 after
33 after 34 surgery

hemodynamic variables also were recorded serially . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 hemodynamic 2 variables
2 variables 4 were
3 also 4 were
4 were 5 recorded
5 recorded 6 serially

postoperative inotrope requirement and major morbidity endpoints were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 endpoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 postoperative 7 endpoints
2 inotrope 7 endpoints
3 requirement 4 and
4 and 5 major
4 and 7 endpoints
6 morbidity 7 endpoints
7 endpoints 8 were
8 were 9 assessed

serum t3 concentrations were significantly higher with fewer patients having t3 concentrations below the normal range in the t3 group than the placebo group throughout the postoperative period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 serum 3 concentrations
2 t3 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 were
4 were 6 higher
5 significantly 6 higher
6 higher 7 with
7 with 9 patients
7 with 10 having
8 fewer 9 patients
10 having 11 t3
11 t3 12 concentrations
11 t3 20 group
12 concentrations 13 below
12 concentrations 17 in
12 concentrations 20 group
13 below 16 range
14 the 16 range
15 normal 16 range
17 in 19 t3
18 the 19 t3
20 group 21 than
20 group 25 throughout
21 than 24 group
22 the 24 group
23 placebo 24 group
25 throughout 28 period
26 the 28 period
27 postoperative 28 period

hemodynamic variables , postoperative inotrope requirement , and outcome variables showed no differences between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 hemodynamic 2 variables
2 variables 3 ,
3 , 6 requirement
3 , 8 and
4 postoperative 6 requirement
5 inotrope 6 requirement
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 variables
8 and 11 showed
9 outcome 10 variables
11 showed 13 differences
11 showed 14 between
12 no 13 differences
14 between 16 groups
15 the 16 groups

conclusions : oral t3 therapy significantly attenuated the postoperative decline in t3 concentrations in patients undergoing off - pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 t3
3 oral 4 t3
4 t3 5 therapy
4 t3 17 off
5 therapy 7 attenuated
6 significantly 7 attenuated
7 attenuated 10 decline
7 attenuated 11 in
7 attenuated 14 in
7 attenuated 17 off
8 the 10 decline
9 postoperative 10 decline
11 in 13 concentrations
12 t3 13 concentrations
14 in 16 undergoing
15 patients 16 undergoing
18 - 19 pump
18 - 25 .
19 pump 24 surgery
20 coronary 21 artery
21 artery 24 surgery
22 bypass 23 graft
23 graft 24 surgery

the lack [of] apparent clinical benefit merits further investigations in patients with reduced cardiac performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 merits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 7 merits
2 lack 7 merits
4 apparent 6 benefit
5 clinical 6 benefit
6 benefit 7 merits
7 merits 8 further
8 further 9 investigations
8 further 10 in
8 further 12 with
10 in 11 patients
12 with 15 performance
13 reduced 15 performance
14 cardiac 15 performance

background : numerous clinical trials [in] [stroke] have failed , most probably partially due to preclinical studies using young , healthy male rodents with little [relevance] to the heterogenic conditions [of] human stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 numerous
3 numerous 5 trials
3 numerous 9 failed
3 numerous 14 due
4 clinical 5 trials
5 trials 8 have
8 have 9 failed
10 , 14 due
11 most 12 probably
12 probably 14 due
13 partially 14 due
14 due 15 to
14 due 18 using
14 due 34 .
15 to 17 studies
16 preclinical 17 studies
18 using 23 rodents
18 using 24 with
18 using 27 to
19 young 20 ,
19 young 22 male
21 healthy 22 male
22 male 23 rodents
24 with 25 little
27 to 33 stroke
28 the 33 stroke
29 heterogenic 33 stroke
30 conditions 33 stroke
32 human 33 stroke

[co] - morbid conditions such as atherosclerosis and infections coupled with advanced age are known to contribute to increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 - 8 and
3 morbid 4 conditions
4 conditions 6 as
4 conditions 8 and
5 such 6 as
6 as 7 atherosclerosis
8 and 9 infections
8 and 10 coupled
8 and 14 are
10 coupled 11 with
11 with 13 age
12 advanced 13 age
14 are 15 known
15 known 16 to
15 known 17 contribute
16 to 17 contribute
17 contribute 18 to
18 to 20 risk
19 increased 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 23 diseases
22 cerebrovascular 23 diseases

clinical and preclinical studies have shown that the e4 allele of human apolipoprotein ( apoe4 ) is linked to poorer [outcome] in various conditions of brain injury and neurodegeneration , including cerebral ischemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
1 clinical 2 and
2 and 3 preclinical
2 and 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 shown
6 shown 7 that
6 shown 9 e4
6 shown 28 and
6 shown 31 including
8 the 9 e4
9 e4 10 allele
9 e4 19 to
9 e4 20 poorer
10 allele 11 of
10 allele 15 apoe4
10 allele 17 is
11 of 13 apolipoprotein
12 human 13 apolipoprotein
14 ( 15 apoe4
15 apoe4 16 )
17 is 18 linked
18 linked 19 to
20 poorer 22 in
22 in 24 conditions
23 various 24 conditions
24 conditions 25 of
25 of 27 injury
26 brain 27 injury
28 and 29 neurodegeneration
30 , 31 including
31 including 33 ischemia
31 including 34 .
32 cerebral 33 ischemia

since apoe is a known regulator of lipid homeostasis , we studied the impact of a high - cholesterol diet in aged mice in the context of relevant human apoe isoforms on the outcome of focal brain ischemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 since 2 apoe
1 since 3 is
1 since 10 ,
1 since 11 we
2 apoe 3 is
3 is 6 regulator
4 a 6 regulator
5 known 6 regulator
6 regulator 7 of
7 of 9 homeostasis
8 lipid 9 homeostasis
11 we 12 studied
12 studied 14 impact
12 studied 21 in
12 studied 24 in
12 studied 32 on
13 the 14 impact
14 impact 15 of
15 of 20 diet
16 a 17 high
16 a 20 diet
17 high 18 -
17 high 19 cholesterol
19 cholesterol 20 diet
21 in 23 mice
22 aged 23 mice
24 in 26 context
25 the 26 context
26 context 27 of
27 of 31 isoforms
28 relevant 29 human
29 human 31 isoforms
30 apoe 31 isoforms
32 on 34 outcome
33 the 34 outcome
34 outcome 35 of
35 of 38 ischemia
36 focal 38 ischemia
37 brain 38 ischemia

methods : aged mice expressing human e3 and e4 isoforms of apoe in c57bl/6j background and c57bl/6j mice fed on either a high - fat diet or a normal diet underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 15 background
2 : 16 and
3 aged 15 background
4 mice 5 expressing
5 expressing 6 human
6 human 15 background
7 e3 8 and
8 and 10 isoforms
8 and 11 of
8 and 15 background
9 e4 10 isoforms
11 of 12 apoe
12 apoe 13 in
13 in 14 c57bl/6j
16 and 18 mice
16 and 31 underwent
17 c57bl/6j 18 mice
18 mice 19 fed
18 mice 20 on
18 mice 31 underwent
20 on 27 or
21 either 27 or
22 a 26 diet
23 high 24 -
23 high 25 fat
25 fat 26 diet
26 diet 27 or
27 or 30 diet
28 a 29 normal
28 a 30 diet
29 normal 30 diet
31 underwent 36 occlusion
32 permanent 33 middle
33 middle 36 occlusion
34 cerebral 35 artery
35 artery 36 occlusion

the impact of a high - cholesterol diet was assessed by measuring the serum cholesterol level and the infarction volume was determined by magnetic resonance imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 impact
2 impact 3 of
2 impact 9 was
3 of 8 diet
4 a 8 diet
5 high 6 -
5 high 7 cholesterol
7 cholesterol 8 diet
9 was 10 assessed
10 assessed 11 by
11 by 12 measuring
12 measuring 17 and
13 the 16 level
14 serum 16 level
15 cholesterol 16 level
16 level 17 and
17 and 19 infarction
17 and 20 volume
17 and 26 imaging
18 the 19 infarction
20 volume 21 was
21 was 22 determined
22 determined 23 by
23 by 25 resonance
24 magnetic 25 resonance
25 resonance 26 imaging

sensorimotor deficits were assessed using an adhesive removal test and the findings were correlated with inflammatory markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 sensorimotor 2 deficits
2 deficits 3 were
3 were 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 9 test
6 an 7 adhesive
6 an 9 test
7 adhesive 8 removal
8 removal 9 test
10 and 12 findings
10 and 14 correlated
11 the 12 findings
12 findings 13 were
13 were 14 correlated
14 correlated 15 with
15 with 17 markers
16 inflammatory 17 markers

results : we show that expression of human apoe4 renders aged mice fed with a western - type diet more susceptible [to] sensorimotor deficits upon [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 show
2 : 17 -
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 6 expression
5 that 10 renders
6 expression 7 of
6 expression 10 renders
7 of 9 apoe4
8 human 9 apoe4
10 renders 12 mice
11 aged 12 mice
12 mice 13 fed
12 mice 14 with
14 with 16 western
15 a 16 western
17 - 18 type
18 type 24 deficits
18 type 25 upon
19 diet 24 deficits
20 more 21 susceptible
21 susceptible 23 sensorimotor
23 sensorimotor 24 deficits

these deficits are not associated with atherosclerosis but [are] accompanied with altered astroglial activation , neurogenesis , cyclooxygenase - 2 immunoreactivity and increased plasma il - 6 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 deficits
2 deficits 3 are
3 are 4 not
3 are 6 with
3 are 8 but
4 not 5 associated
6 with 7 atherosclerosis
8 but 22 and
10 accompanied 11 with
10 accompanied 21 immunoreactivity
10 accompanied 22 and
11 with 14 activation
12 altered 14 activation
13 astroglial 14 activation
14 activation 16 neurogenesis
14 activation 18 cyclooxygenase
15 , 16 neurogenesis
16 neurogenesis 17 ,
17 , 18 cyclooxygenase
18 cyclooxygenase 19 -
20 2 21 immunoreactivity
22 and 23 increased
22 and 27 6
23 increased 25 il
24 plasma 25 il
26 - 27 6

conclusions : our results support the hypothesis that apoe alleles modify the inflammatory responses in the brain and the periphery , thus contributing to altered functional outcome following stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 support
2 : 30 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 support
5 support 7 hypothesis
5 support 15 in
6 the 7 hypothesis
7 hypothesis 8 that
8 that 10 alleles
8 that 11 modify
9 apoe 10 alleles
10 alleles 11 modify
11 modify 14 responses
12 the 14 responses
13 inflammatory 14 responses
15 in 29 stroke
16 the 29 stroke
17 brain 18 and
18 and 20 periphery
18 and 21 ,
18 and 23 contributing
18 and 29 stroke
19 the 20 periphery
22 thus 23 contributing
23 contributing 24 to
24 to 28 following
25 altered 27 outcome
26 functional 27 outcome
27 outcome 28 following

introduction : to evaluate surgical risk and post - operative quality of living status in patients over 85 years of age after transurethral vaporization resection of the prostate ( tuvrp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 and
2 : 9 -
2 : 32 .
3 to 7 and
4 evaluate 6 risk
4 evaluate 7 and
5 surgical 6 risk
7 and 8 post
9 - 11 quality
10 operative 11 quality
11 quality 12 of
12 of 13 living
13 living 14 status
13 living 15 in
13 living 17 over
13 living 22 after
15 in 16 patients
17 over 19 years
18 85 19 years
19 years 20 of
20 of 21 age
22 after 25 resection
23 transurethral 24 vaporization
24 vaporization 25 resection
25 resection 26 of
25 resection 30 tuvrp
26 of 28 prostate
27 the 28 prostate
29 ( 30 tuvrp
30 tuvrp 31 )

methods : sixty patients over 85 years of age underwent tuvrp were compared with 228 patients less than the age of 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 patients
3 sixty 4 patients
4 patients 5 over
4 patients 11 tuvrp
4 patients 12 were
4 patients 13 compared
5 over 6 85
6 85 7 years
6 85 10 underwent
7 years 8 of
7 years 10 underwent
8 of 9 age
11 tuvrp 12 were
13 compared 14 with
13 compared 17 less
13 compared 18 than
14 with 16 patients
15 228 16 patients
18 than 20 age
18 than 21 of
19 the 20 age
21 of 23 years
22 80 23 years

group a was 60 patients greater than 85 years of age , group b was 137 patients from 71 to 79 years of age , and group c was 91 patients from 60 to 70 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 group 2 a
1 group 3 was
3 was 5 patients
4 60 5 patients
5 patients 6 greater
5 patients 10 of
6 greater 7 than
7 than 9 years
8 85 9 years
10 of 11 age
12 , 13 group
12 , 15 was
12 , 26 and
13 group 14 b
13 group 15 was
15 was 17 patients
15 was 18 from
16 137 17 patients
18 from 22 years
19 71 20 to
20 to 21 79
20 to 22 years
22 years 23 of
23 of 24 age
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 group
26 and 29 was
27 group 28 c
27 group 29 was
29 was 31 patients
30 91 31 patients
31 patients 32 from
31 patients 37 of
32 from 36 years
33 60 34 to
34 to 35 70
34 to 36 years
37 of 38 age

results : in group a , pre - operative asa grade was higher than the other two groups , compared with group c , p < 0.01 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 9 operative
3 in 4 group
4 group 5 a
4 group 7 pre
6 , 7 pre
7 pre 8 -
10 asa 11 grade
11 grade 12 was
12 was 13 higher
13 higher 14 than
14 than 17 two
14 than 19 ,
15 the 16 other
16 other 17 two
17 two 19 ,
18 groups 19 ,
19 , 20 compared
20 compared 21 with
20 compared 26 <
21 with 22 group
23 c 26 <
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.01

operating time was 40.03 ± 18.90 min , compared in the three groups , p > 0.05 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 operating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 operating 2 time
1 operating 3 was
3 was 5 ±
4 40.03 5 ±
5 ± 6 18.90
5 ± 7 min
7 min 9 compared
7 min 16 >
8 , 9 compared
9 compared 10 in
9 compared 14 ,
10 in 13 groups
11 the 13 groups
12 three 13 groups
15 p 16 >
16 > 17 0.05

follow - up [was] [obtained] in 49 ( 81.67 % ) patients ; of them 10 patients were deaths with a survival time of 22.90 ± 11.14 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 up
2 - 13 ;
2 - 29 .
3 up 6 in
3 up 12 patients
6 in 7 49
7 49 10 %
8 ( 10 %
9 81.67 10 %
10 % 11 )
13 ; 17 patients
13 ; 18 were
14 of 15 them
14 of 17 patients
16 10 17 patients
17 patients 18 were
18 were 19 deaths
19 deaths 20 with
20 with 23 time
21 a 22 survival
21 a 23 time
22 survival 23 time
23 time 24 of
24 of 28 months
25 22.90 28 months
26 ± 28 months
27 11.14 28 months

in the 39 survivors , post - operative ipss score [was] 11.17 ± 6.9 , compared with group b , p > 0.05 and group c , p < 0.01 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 post
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 4 survivors
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 post
2 the 3 39
3 39 4 survivors
6 post 13 ±
6 post 16 compared
7 - 13 ±
8 operative 10 score
9 ipss 10 score
10 score 13 ±
12 11.17 13 ±
13 ± 14 6.9
13 ± 15 ,
16 compared 17 with
16 compared 29 <
17 with 24 and
18 group 22 >
18 group 24 and
19 b 22 >
20 , 22 >
21 p 22 >
22 > 23 0.05
24 and 25 group
26 c 29 <
27 , 29 <
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.01

quality of life ( qol ) index [was] 1.11 ± 0.80 , compared with group b , p < 0.001 and group c , p < 0.01 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 quality 2 of
1 quality 21 and
2 of 10 ±
3 life 5 qol
4 ( 5 qol
5 qol 6 )
5 qol 10 ±
7 index 10 ±
9 1.11 10 ±
10 ± 11 0.80
10 ± 13 compared
10 ± 19 <
12 , 13 compared
13 compared 14 with
13 compared 17 ,
14 with 15 group
15 group 16 b
17 , 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.001
21 and 22 group
22 group 26 <
23 c 26 <
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.01

barthel index [score] in 16 patients was >60 and the score was 82.81 ± 8.56 pre - operatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 barthel 2 index
2 index 4 in
2 index 7 was
4 in 6 patients
5 16 6 patients
7 was 8 >60
9 and 11 score
9 and 12 was
10 the 11 score
11 score 12 was
12 was 14 ±
13 82.81 14 ±
14 ± 15 8.56
14 ± 16 pre
15 8.56 16 pre
16 pre 18 operatively
17 - 18 operatively
18 operatively 19 .

the patients with >60 were increased to 19 cases and the score was improved to 90.93 ± 7.58 ( p < 0.001 ) in [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 5 were
3 with 4 >60
5 were 6 increased
6 increased 7 to
7 to 9 cases
8 19 9 cases
10 and 12 score
10 and 14 improved
11 the 12 score
12 score 13 was
13 was 14 improved
14 improved 15 to
14 improved 26 -
14 improved 27 up
15 to 24 in
16 90.93 24 in
17 ± 21 <
17 ± 23 )
17 ± 24 in
18 7.58 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.001

conclusion : surgical risk in patients over 85 years of age was higher than patients less than the age of 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 risk
2 : 12 was
2 : 23 .
3 surgical 4 risk
4 risk 5 in
4 risk 7 over
4 risk 12 was
5 in 6 patients
7 over 9 years
8 85 9 years
9 years 10 of
10 of 11 age
12 was 13 higher
13 higher 14 than
13 higher 16 less
13 higher 17 than
14 than 15 patients
17 than 19 age
18 the 19 age
19 age 20 of
20 of 22 years
21 80 22 years

a safety tuvrp could improve their voiding function and activities of daily living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tuvrp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 3 tuvrp
2 safety 3 tuvrp
3 tuvrp 4 could
4 could 5 improve
5 improve 9 and
6 their 8 function
7 voiding 8 function
8 function 9 and
9 and 10 activities
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 living
12 daily 13 living

background : it seems appropriate to assume , that for a full and strong global shoulder function [a] normally innervated and active deltoid muscle is indispensable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 seems
2 : 8 ,
3 it 4 seems
4 seems 5 appropriate
5 appropriate 6 to
5 appropriate 7 assume
6 to 7 assume
8 , 9 that
8 , 25 is
9 that 10 for
9 that 25 is
10 for 21 and
11 a 17 function
12 full 13 and
13 and 14 strong
13 and 17 function
15 global 17 function
16 shoulder 17 function
17 function 20 innervated
17 function 21 and
19 normally 20 innervated
21 and 24 muscle
22 active 24 muscle
23 deltoid 24 muscle
25 is 26 indispensable

we set out to analyse the size and shape of the deltoid muscle on mr - arthrographies , and analyse its influence [on] shoulder function and its adaption [(] i.e . atrophy [ )( reduced shoulder function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 set
2 set 3 out
2 set 4 to
4 to 19 and
5 analyse 8 and
5 analyse 19 and
6 the 7 size
7 size 8 and
8 and 9 shape
8 and 10 of
10 of 13 muscle
11 the 13 muscle
12 deltoid 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 on
14 on 15 mr
15 mr 17 arthrographies
16 - 17 arthrographies
17 arthrographies 18 ,
19 and 20 analyse
20 analyse 26 and
20 analyse 30 i.e
21 its 25 function
22 influence 25 function
24 shoulder 25 function
25 function 26 and
26 and 28 adaption
26 and 30 i.e
27 its 28 adaption
31 . 37 function
32 atrophy 35 reduced
35 reduced 36 shoulder
36 shoulder 37 function

methods : the fatty infiltration ( goutallier stages ) , atrophy [(] tangent sign [ )(and selective myotendinous retraction of the rotator cuff , as well as the thickness and the area of seven anatomically defined segments of the deltoid muscle were measured on mr - arthrographies [and] correlated with shoulder function ( i.e [.] active abduction ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 infiltration
3 the 5 infiltration
4 fatty 5 infiltration
5 infiltration 8 stages
5 infiltration 16 )(and
6 ( 8 stages
7 goutallier 8 stages
8 stages 9 )
10 , 16 )(and
11 atrophy 14 sign
13 tangent 14 sign
14 sign 16 )(and
16 )(and 19 retraction
16 )(and 24 ,
17 selective 19 retraction
18 myotendinous 19 retraction
19 retraction 20 of
20 of 23 cuff
21 the 23 cuff
22 rotator 23 cuff
24 , 25 as
25 as 30 and
25 as 36 defined
26 well 27 as
26 well 30 and
27 as 29 thickness
28 the 29 thickness
30 and 32 area
30 and 33 of
30 and 36 defined
31 the 32 area
33 of 34 seven
35 anatomically 36 defined
36 defined 37 segments
36 defined 44 on
37 segments 38 of
37 segments 41 muscle
37 segments 42 were
37 segments 43 measured
38 of 40 deltoid
39 the 40 deltoid
41 muscle 42 were
44 on 45 mr
45 mr 47 arthrographies
46 - 47 arthrographies
47 arthrographies 49 correlated
47 arthrographies 50 with
47 arthrographies 57 abduction
47 arthrographies 59 .
50 with 52 function
51 shoulder 52 function
53 ( 57 abduction
54 i.e 57 abduction
56 active 57 abduction
57 abduction 58 )

included were 116 patients , suffering of a rotator cuff tear with shoulder mobility ranging from pseudoparalysis to free mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 included 2 were
2 were 4 patients
3 116 4 patients
4 patients 6 suffering
5 , 6 suffering
6 suffering 7 of
6 suffering 12 with
6 suffering 21 .
7 of 11 tear
8 a 11 tear
9 rotator 11 tear
10 cuff 11 tear
12 with 14 mobility
13 shoulder 14 mobility
14 mobility 15 ranging
14 mobility 18 to
14 mobility 19 free
15 ranging 16 from
16 from 17 pseudoparalysis
18 to 19 free
19 free 20 mobility

kolmogorov - smirnov [test] was used to determine the distribution of the data before either spearman or pearson correlation and a multiple regression was applied to reveal the correlations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 smirnov
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 kolmogorov 2 -
1 kolmogorov 3 smirnov
3 smirnov 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 distribution
8 determine 14 before
9 the 10 distribution
10 distribution 11 of
11 of 13 data
12 the 13 data
14 before 17 or
15 either 17 or
16 spearman 17 or
17 or 19 correlation
18 pearson 19 correlation
20 and 23 regression
20 and 25 applied
21 a 23 regression
22 multiple 23 regression
23 regression 24 was
24 was 25 applied
25 applied 26 to
26 to 27 reveal
27 reveal 29 correlations
28 the 29 correlations

results : our developed method for measuring deltoid area and thickness showed to be reproducible with excellent interobserver correlations ( r = 0.814 - 0.982 ).the analysis of influencing factors on active abduction revealed a weak influence of the amount of ssp tendon ( r = - 0.25 [;] [p] < 0.01 [ )( muscle retraction ( r = - 0.27 [;] p < 0.01 ) as well as the stage of fatty muscle infiltration ( gfdi : r = - 0.36 [;] p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 and
2 : 12 showed
3 our 5 method
4 developed 5 method
5 method 6 for
5 method 10 and
6 for 9 area
7 measuring 9 area
8 deltoid 9 area
10 and 11 thickness
10 and 12 showed
12 showed 13 to
12 showed 19 correlations
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 reproducible
15 reproducible 16 with
16 with 18 interobserver
17 excellent 18 interobserver
19 correlations 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 r 22 =
22 = 23 0.814
23 0.814 25 0.982
23 0.814 34 revealed
24 - 25 0.982
25 0.982 27 analysis
25 0.982 30 factors
25 0.982 34 revealed
26 ).the 27 analysis
27 analysis 28 of
27 analysis 30 factors
28 of 29 influencing
30 factors 31 on
31 on 33 abduction
32 active 33 abduction
34 revealed 37 influence
34 revealed 46 =
35 a 36 weak
35 a 37 influence
36 weak 37 influence
37 influence 38 of
38 of 40 amount
39 the 40 amount
40 amount 41 of
41 of 43 tendon
42 ssp 43 tendon
44 ( 46 =
45 r 46 =
46 = 48 0.25
47 - 48 0.25
48 0.25 52 0.01
48 0.25 55 muscle
51 < 52 0.01
52 0.01 55 muscle
55 muscle 56 retraction
55 muscle 64 <
55 muscle 67 as
56 retraction 60 -
57 ( 60 -
58 r 59 =
59 = 60 -
60 - 61 0.27
63 p 64 <
64 < 65 0.01
64 < 66 )
67 as 68 well
68 well 69 as
68 well 72 of
69 as 71 stage
70 the 71 stage
72 of 75 infiltration
73 fatty 74 muscle
74 muscle 75 infiltration
75 infiltration 81 -
76 ( 81 -
77 gfdi 78 :
78 : 80 =
79 r 80 =
80 = 81 -
81 - 82 0.36
81 - 88 .
82 0.36 85 <
84 p 85 <
85 < 86 0.01
85 < 87 )

unexpectedly however , we were unable to detect a relation of the deltoid muscle shape with the degree [of] active glenohumeral abduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 unexpectedly 4 we
2 however 3 ,
2 however 4 we
4 we 5 were
5 were 6 unable
6 unable 7 to
6 unable 8 detect
7 to 8 detect
8 detect 10 relation
8 detect 16 with
9 a 10 relation
10 relation 11 of
11 of 15 shape
12 the 15 shape
13 deltoid 14 muscle
14 muscle 15 shape
16 with 22 abduction
17 the 22 abduction
18 degree 22 abduction
20 active 22 abduction
21 glenohumeral 22 abduction

furthermore , long - standing rotator cuff tears did not appear to influence the deltoid shape , i.e [.] did not lead to muscle atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 8 tears
3 long 4 -
3 long 5 standing
5 standing 8 tears
6 rotator 8 tears
7 cuff 8 tears
8 tears 9 did
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 appear
11 appear 12 to
11 appear 24 muscle
12 to 17 ,
13 influence 16 shape
13 influence 17 ,
14 the 16 shape
15 deltoid 16 shape
17 , 22 lead
18 i.e 20 did
20 did 21 not
20 did 22 lead
22 lead 23 to
23 to 24 muscle
24 muscle 25 atrophy

conclusions : our data support that in chronic rotator cuff tears , there seems to be no disadvantage to exhausting conservative treatment and to delay implantation of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty , [as] the shape of deltoid muscle seems only to be influenced by natural aging , but to be independent of reduced shoulder motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 12 ,
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 support
5 support 6 that
5 support 7 in
7 in 11 tears
8 chronic 10 cuff
9 rotator 10 cuff
10 cuff 11 tears
12 , 13 there
12 , 23 and
13 there 14 seems
14 seems 15 to
14 seems 16 be
15 to 16 be
16 be 18 disadvantage
16 be 19 to
17 no 18 disadvantage
19 to 20 exhausting
20 exhausting 22 treatment
21 conservative 22 treatment
23 and 35 shape
24 to 26 implantation
24 to 35 shape
25 delay 26 implantation
27 of 31 arthroplasty
27 of 32 ,
27 of 35 shape
28 reverse 31 arthroplasty
29 total 30 shoulder
30 shoulder 31 arthroplasty
34 the 35 shape
35 shape 36 of
35 shape 39 seems
36 of 38 muscle
37 deltoid 38 muscle
39 seems 41 to
39 seems 43 influenced
40 only 41 to
41 to 42 be
42 be 43 influenced
43 influenced 44 by
44 by 45 natural
45 natural 46 aging
46 aging 48 but
47 , 48 but
48 but 49 to
48 but 50 be
48 but 56 .
49 to 50 be
50 be 51 independent
51 independent 52 of
52 of 55 motion
53 reduced 54 shoulder
54 shoulder 55 motion

young and older adults searched for a unique face in a set of three schematic faces and identified a secondary feature of the target . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 young 2 and
2 and 3 older
2 and 4 adults
4 adults 17 and
5 searched 6 for
5 searched 17 and
6 for 9 face
7 a 9 face
8 unique 9 face
9 face 10 in
9 face 13 of
10 in 12 set
11 a 12 set
13 of 16 faces
14 three 16 faces
15 schematic 16 faces
17 and 18 identified
18 identified 21 feature
19 a 21 feature
20 secondary 21 feature
21 feature 22 of
22 of 24 target
23 the 24 target

the faces could be negative , positive , or neutral . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 faces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 faces
2 faces 3 could
3 could 4 be
4 be 9 or
5 negative 6 ,
6 , 7 positive
6 , 9 or
8 , 9 or
9 or 10 neutral

young adults were slower and less accurate in searching for a negative face among neutral faces when they had previewed a display of negative faces than when they had previewed neutral faces , indicating an emotional distractor previewing effect ( dpe ) , but this effect was eliminated with inverted faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 young 2 adults
2 adults 3 were
3 were 5 and
3 were 7 accurate
4 slower 5 and
5 and 6 less
7 accurate 8 in
7 accurate 17 when
8 in 9 searching
9 searching 10 for
9 searching 14 among
10 for 13 face
11 a 13 face
12 negative 13 face
14 among 16 faces
15 neutral 16 faces
17 when 18 they
17 when 20 previewed
18 they 19 had
19 had 20 previewed
20 previewed 22 display
20 previewed 26 than
20 previewed 27 when
20 previewed 34 indicating
21 a 22 display
22 display 23 of
23 of 25 faces
24 negative 25 faces
27 when 28 they
27 when 30 previewed
28 they 29 had
29 had 30 previewed
30 previewed 32 faces
31 neutral 32 faces
33 , 34 indicating
34 indicating 37 distractor
34 indicating 43 ,
35 an 36 emotional
35 an 37 distractor
36 emotional 37 distractor
37 distractor 38 previewing
38 previewing 39 effect
39 effect 41 dpe
40 ( 41 dpe
41 dpe 42 )
44 but 46 effect
44 but 48 eliminated
45 this 46 effect
46 effect 47 was
47 was 48 eliminated
48 eliminated 49 with
49 with 51 faces
50 inverted 51 faces

the dpe is an index [of] [inter] - trial inhibition to keep attention away from previewed , [non] - target information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dpe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 the 2 dpe
2 dpe 3 is
3 is 5 index
4 an 5 index
5 index 10 inhibition
8 - 10 inhibition
9 trial 10 inhibition
10 inhibition 11 to
10 inhibition 15 from
10 inhibition 16 previewed
10 inhibition 17 ,
11 to 12 keep
12 keep 13 attention
12 keep 14 away
12 keep 15 from
19 - 20 target
19 - 22 .
20 target 21 information

older adults also showed such an emotional dpe , but it was present with both upright and inverted faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 4 showed
3 also 4 showed
4 showed 8 dpe
5 such 6 an
6 an 7 emotional
6 an 8 dpe
7 emotional 8 dpe
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 it
10 but 17 and
11 it 17 and
12 was 13 present
12 was 17 and
13 present 14 with
13 present 16 upright
14 with 15 both
17 and 18 inverted
17 and 19 faces

these results show that , in general , both young and old participants are sensitive to trial history , yet the different patterns of results suggest that these two groups remember and use different types of perceptual information when searching through emotional faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 7 general
5 , 7 general
6 in 7 general
7 general 8 ,
8 , 13 participants
8 , 14 are
9 both 13 participants
10 young 11 and
11 and 12 old
11 and 13 participants
13 participants 14 are
14 are 15 sensitive
14 are 20 yet
15 sensitive 16 to
16 to 18 history
17 trial 18 history
19 , 20 yet
20 yet 23 patterns
21 the 23 patterns
22 different 23 patterns
23 patterns 24 of
23 patterns 26 suggest
24 of 25 results
26 suggest 27 that
27 that 30 groups
27 that 32 and
28 these 29 two
29 two 30 groups
30 groups 32 and
31 remember 32 and
32 and 33 use
32 and 39 when
33 use 38 information
34 different 35 types
35 types 36 of
35 types 38 information
36 of 38 information
37 perceptual 38 information
39 when 40 searching
40 searching 41 through
41 through 43 faces
42 emotional 43 faces

collagen fibrils become resistant to cleavage [over] time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fibrils
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 collagen 2 fibrils
2 fibrils 3 become
3 become 4 resistant
4 resistant 5 to
5 to 8 time
6 cleavage 8 time

we hypothesized that resistance to type i collagen proteolysis not only marks biological aging but also drives it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 4 resistance
2 hypothesized 5 to
3 that 4 resistance
5 to 6 type
6 type 7 i
6 type 9 proteolysis
6 type 17 drives
8 collagen 9 proteolysis
9 proteolysis 16 also
10 not 11 only
11 only 16 also
12 marks 14 aging
12 marks 16 also
13 biological 14 aging
15 but 16 also
16 also 17 drives
17 drives 18 it

to test this , we followed mice with a targeted mutation ( col1a1 ( r/r ) ) that yields collagenase - resistant type [i] collagen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 3 this
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 followed
4 , 21 -
5 we 6 followed
6 followed 7 mice
6 followed 8 with
8 with 11 mutation
8 with 20 collagenase
9 a 11 mutation
10 targeted 11 mutation
11 mutation 13 col1a1
12 ( 13 col1a1
13 col1a1 15 r/r
13 col1a1 17 )
14 ( 15 r/r
15 r/r 16 )
18 that 20 collagenase
19 yields 20 collagenase
21 - 25 collagen
22 resistant 23 type
23 type 25 collagen

compared with wild - type littermates , col1a1 ( r/r ) mice had a shortened lifespan and developed features of premature aging including kyphosis , weight loss , decreased bone mineral density , and hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 col1a1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 7 ,
1 compared 8 col1a1
2 with 6 littermates
3 wild 4 -
3 wild 5 type
5 type 6 littermates
8 col1a1 12 mice
8 col1a1 29 decreased
9 ( 12 mice
10 r/r 11 )
10 r/r 12 mice
12 mice 17 and
12 mice 20 of
12 mice 27 loss
12 mice 28 ,
13 had 16 lifespan
13 had 17 and
14 a 16 lifespan
15 shortened 16 lifespan
17 and 18 developed
17 and 19 features
20 of 22 aging
21 premature 22 aging
22 aging 23 including
23 including 24 kyphosis
25 , 27 loss
26 weight 27 loss
27 loss 28 ,
29 decreased 34 and
30 bone 32 density
31 mineral 32 density
32 density 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 hypertension

we also found that vascular smooth muscle cells ( smcs ) in the aortic wall of col1a1 ( r/r ) mice were susceptible to stress - induced senescence , displaying senescence - associated ß - galactosidase ( sa - ßgal ) activity and upregulated p16 ( ink4a ) in response to angiotensin ii infusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 8 cells
3 found 12 in
3 found 25 stress
4 that 5 vascular
5 vascular 7 muscle
6 smooth 7 muscle
7 muscle 8 cells
8 cells 10 smcs
9 ( 10 smcs
10 smcs 11 )
12 in 15 wall
13 the 15 wall
14 aortic 15 wall
15 wall 16 of
15 wall 21 mice
15 wall 24 to
16 of 17 col1a1
17 col1a1 19 r/r
18 ( 19 r/r
19 r/r 20 )
21 mice 22 were
22 were 23 susceptible
23 susceptible 24 to
25 stress 28 senescence
25 stress 30 displaying
26 - 28 senescence
27 induced 28 senescence
28 senescence 29 ,
29 , 30 displaying
30 displaying 31 senescence
30 displaying 51 to
30 displaying 55 .
31 senescence 43 and
32 - 43 and
33 associated 42 activity
34 ß 36 galactosidase
34 ß 42 activity
35 - 36 galactosidase
36 galactosidase 38 sa
36 galactosidase 39 -
37 ( 38 sa
38 sa 39 -
40 ßgal 41 )
40 ßgal 42 activity
42 activity 43 and
43 and 45 p16
43 and 47 ink4a
43 and 48 )
44 upregulated 45 p16
46 ( 47 ink4a
47 ink4a 48 )
49 in 50 response
50 response 51 to
51 to 54 infusion
52 angiotensin 53 ii
52 angiotensin 54 infusion

to elucidate the basis of this pro - aging effect , vascular smcs from twelve patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were cultured on collagen derived from col1a1 ( r/r ) or wild - type mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 smcs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 to 2 elucidate
1 to 11 ,
1 to 13 smcs
2 elucidate 4 basis
2 elucidate 9 aging
3 the 4 basis
4 basis 5 of
5 of 7 pro
6 this 7 pro
8 - 9 aging
9 aging 10 effect
9 aging 11 ,
12 vascular 13 smcs
13 smcs 14 from
13 smcs 22 were
14 from 16 patients
15 twelve 16 patients
16 patients 17 undergoing
17 undergoing 21 surgery
18 coronary 21 surgery
19 artery 20 bypass
20 bypass 21 surgery
22 were 23 cultured
23 cultured 24 on
24 on 25 collagen
25 collagen 26 derived
25 collagen 27 from
27 from 32 or
28 col1a1 30 r/r
28 col1a1 32 or
29 ( 30 r/r
30 r/r 31 )
32 or 36 mice
33 wild 34 -
33 wild 35 type
35 type 36 mice

this revealed that mutant collagen directly reduced replicative lifespan and increased stress - induced sa - ßgal activity , p16 ( ink4a ) expression , and p21 ( cip1 ) expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 5 collagen
2 revealed 5 collagen
3 that 4 mutant
4 mutant 5 collagen
5 collagen 10 and
5 collagen 26 and
6 directly 7 reduced
7 reduced 9 lifespan
7 reduced 10 and
8 replicative 9 lifespan
10 and 11 increased
10 and 12 stress
12 stress 15 sa
12 stress 18 activity
13 - 15 sa
14 induced 15 sa
15 sa 16 -
16 - 18 activity
17 ßgal 18 activity
18 activity 24 expression
18 activity 25 ,
19 , 24 expression
20 p16 22 ink4a
20 p16 23 )
20 p16 24 expression
21 ( 22 ink4a
22 ink4a 23 )
24 expression 25 ,
26 and 31 expression
27 p21 29 cip1
27 p21 31 expression
28 ( 29 cip1
29 cip1 30 )

the pro - senescence effect of mutant collagen was blocked by vitronectin , [a] ligand for αvß3 integrin that is presented by denatured but not native collagen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pro
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 pro
3 - 5 effect
3 - 13 ,
3 - 28 .
4 senescence 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
5 effect 9 was
6 of 8 collagen
7 mutant 8 collagen
9 was 13 ,
10 blocked 11 by
10 blocked 12 vitronectin
10 blocked 13 ,
13 , 15 ligand
15 ligand 16 for
15 ligand 22 by
16 for 18 integrin
17 αvß3 18 integrin
18 integrin 21 presented
19 that 20 is
20 is 21 presented
22 by 27 collagen
23 denatured 24 but
24 but 25 not
24 but 26 native
24 but 27 collagen
25 not 26 native

moreover , inhibition of αvß3 with echistatin or [with] αvß3 - blocking antibody increased senescence of smcs on wild - type collagen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 8 or
3 inhibition 4 of
3 inhibition 8 or
4 of 5 αvß3
5 αvß3 6 with
6 with 7 echistatin
8 or 10 αvß3
8 or 12 blocking
8 or 21 type
11 - 12 blocking
12 blocking 15 senescence
12 blocking 18 on
12 blocking 19 wild
12 blocking 20 -
13 antibody 14 increased
14 increased 15 senescence
15 senescence 16 of
16 of 17 smcs
21 type 22 collagen

these findings reveal a novel aging cascade whereby resistance to collagen [cleavage] accelerates cellular aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 reveal
3 reveal 7 cascade
3 reveal 8 whereby
4 a 5 novel
4 a 7 cascade
5 novel 7 cascade
6 aging 7 cascade
8 whereby 9 resistance
8 whereby 13 accelerates
9 resistance 10 to
9 resistance 11 collagen
9 resistance 13 accelerates
10 to 11 collagen
13 accelerates 15 aging
14 cellular 15 aging

this interplay between extracellular and cellular compartments could hasten mammalian aging and the progression of aging - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interplay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 hasten
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 this 2 interplay
2 interplay 3 between
2 interplay 8 could
3 between 7 compartments
4 extracellular 5 and
5 and 6 cellular
5 and 7 compartments
8 could 9 hasten
9 hasten 12 and
10 mammalian 11 aging
10 mammalian 12 and
12 and 14 progression
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 progression
15 of 16 aging
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 diseases
18 related 20 .

objectives : depression and anxiety related to stroke are caused by vascular lesions and psychological reactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 10 caused
2 : 17 .
3 depression 4 and
4 and 5 anxiety
4 and 6 related
4 and 7 to
4 and 8 stroke
4 and 9 are
7 to 8 stroke
9 are 10 caused
10 caused 11 by
11 by 14 and
12 vascular 13 lesions
13 lesions 14 and
14 and 16 reactions
15 psychological 16 reactions

treatment of vascular and modifiable behavioral risk factors reduces the risk [of] stroke and may also reduce the risk of emotional changes [after] [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 14 and
2 of 8 factors
3 vascular 4 and
4 and 5 modifiable
4 and 8 factors
6 behavioral 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
9 reduces 13 stroke
9 reduces 14 and
10 the 13 stroke
11 risk 13 stroke
14 and 15 may
15 may 17 reduce
16 also 17 reduce
17 reduce 19 risk
18 the 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 22 changes
21 emotional 22 changes

we aimed to investigate whether a multifactorial risk factor intervention program in patients with first - [ever] [stroke] or transient ischemic attack ( tia ) can influence post - stroke anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients one year post - stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 5 whether
5 whether 11 program
5 whether 27 influence
6 a 7 multifactorial
6 a 11 program
7 multifactorial 9 factor
8 risk 9 factor
9 factor 10 intervention
10 intervention 11 program
11 program 12 in
11 program 24 tia
11 program 26 can
12 in 19 or
13 patients 14 with
13 patients 19 or
14 with 15 first
16 - 19 or
19 or 22 attack
20 transient 22 attack
21 ischemic 22 attack
23 ( 24 tia
24 tia 25 )
26 can 27 influence
27 influence 28 post
28 post 32 and
29 - 32 and
30 stroke 31 anxiety
31 anxiety 32 and
32 and 34 symptoms
32 and 35 in
32 and 40 -
33 depressive 34 symptoms
35 in 39 post
36 patients 39 post
37 one 38 year
38 year 39 post
40 - 41 stroke
40 - 42 .

method : the study population consisted of first - ever stroke and tia patients allocated in a randomized [,] evaluator - blinded , controlled trial to care as usual or a structured [and] multidisciplinary follow - up including intensive treatment of vascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 population
2 : 6 consisted
2 : 9 -
3 the 5 population
4 study 5 population
5 population 6 consisted
6 consisted 7 of
7 of 8 first
9 - 14 patients
10 ever 12 and
10 ever 14 patients
11 stroke 12 and
12 and 13 tia
14 patients 15 allocated
14 patients 22 blinded
14 patients 24 controlled
15 allocated 16 in
16 in 20 evaluator
17 a 20 evaluator
18 randomized 20 evaluator
21 - 22 blinded
22 blinded 23 ,
24 controlled 25 trial
24 controlled 26 to
26 to 27 care
27 care 30 or
27 care 35 follow
28 as 29 usual
29 usual 30 or
30 or 34 multidisciplinary
30 or 35 follow
31 a 34 multidisciplinary
32 structured 34 multidisciplinary
35 follow 37 up
36 - 37 up
37 up 40 treatment
37 up 44 .
38 including 40 treatment
39 intensive 40 treatment
40 treatment 41 of
41 of 43 risk
42 vascular 43 risk

the primary endpoint ( cognition ) has previously been reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 endpoint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 endpoint
2 primary 3 endpoint
3 endpoint 5 cognition
3 endpoint 7 has
4 ( 5 cognition
5 cognition 6 )
7 has 9 been
8 previously 9 been
9 been 10 reported

the secondary endpoint , reported here , was changes in the hospital anxiety and depression scale ( hads ) from baseline to 12 [-] month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 endpoint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
1 the 3 endpoint
2 secondary 3 endpoint
3 endpoint 5 reported
3 endpoint 8 was
4 , 5 reported
5 reported 6 here
5 reported 7 ,
8 was 9 changes
8 was 10 in
10 in 12 hospital
11 the 12 hospital
12 hospital 14 and
12 hospital 26 follow
12 hospital 28 up
13 anxiety 14 and
14 and 18 hads
14 and 20 from
14 and 22 to
14 and 26 follow
15 depression 16 scale
16 scale 18 hads
17 ( 18 hads
18 hads 19 )
20 from 21 baseline
22 to 25 month
23 12 25 month
27 - 28 up
28 up 29 .

results : one hundred and ninety - five patients were randomized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 hundred
3 one 4 hundred
5 and 9 patients
5 and 11 randomized
6 ninety 7 -
7 - 8 five
7 - 9 patients
9 patients 10 were
10 were 11 randomized

the estimated difference between treatment groups , in changes in hads , from baseline to 12 months was - 1.32 ( 95 % confidence [interval] : - 2.61 , - 0.04 [;] p = 0.044 ) in favor of the intervention group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 3 difference
2 estimated 3 difference
3 difference 4 between
3 difference 13 from
3 difference 18 was
4 between 6 groups
5 treatment 6 groups
6 groups 8 in
7 , 8 in
8 in 9 changes
8 in 12 ,
9 changes 10 in
10 in 11 hads
13 from 14 baseline
14 baseline 15 to
15 to 17 months
16 12 17 months
18 was 20 1.32
18 was 34 =
18 was 37 in
19 - 20 1.32
20 1.32 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 95 23 %
23 % 24 confidence
23 % 26 :
23 % 28 2.61
23 % 30 -
24 confidence 26 :
27 - 28 2.61
28 2.61 29 ,
31 0.04 34 =
33 p 34 =
34 = 35 0.044
34 = 36 )
37 in 38 favor
38 favor 39 of
39 of 42 group
40 the 42 group
41 intervention 42 group

one year post - stroke , 4/85 [(] 4.7 % [ )(patients in the intervention group [and] 12/89 ( 13.5 % ) in the control group suffered from depression ( p = 0.045 [ )(, while 7/85 [(] 8.2 % [ )(patients in the intervention group [and] 13/89 ( 14.6 % ) [patients] in the control group suffered from anxiety ( p = 0.19 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 post
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 one 2 year
2 year 3 post
4 - 5 stroke
4 - 6 ,
6 , 12 )(patients
6 , 16 group
7 4/85 12 )(patients
9 4.7 10 %
10 % 12 )(patients
12 )(patients 13 in
12 )(patients 16 group
13 in 15 intervention
14 the 15 intervention
16 group 18 12/89
16 group 23 in
18 12/89 21 %
19 ( 21 %
20 13.5 21 %
21 % 22 )
23 in 26 group
24 the 26 group
25 control 26 group
26 group 27 suffered
27 suffered 28 from
27 suffered 36 while
28 from 29 depression
29 depression 32 =
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.045
32 = 35 )(,
36 while 42 )(patients
36 while 46 group
37 7/85 42 )(patients
39 8.2 40 %
40 % 42 )(patients
42 )(patients 43 in
42 )(patients 46 group
43 in 45 intervention
44 the 45 intervention
46 group 48 13/89
46 group 54 in
48 13/89 51 %
49 ( 51 %
50 14.6 51 %
51 % 52 )
54 in 57 group
55 the 57 group
56 control 57 group
57 group 58 suffered
57 group 63 =
58 suffered 59 from
59 from 60 anxiety
61 ( 63 =
62 p 63 =
63 = 64 0.19
63 = 66 )(

conclusion : a structured [,] multidisciplinary , multifactorial risk factor program including vascular risk factor management may be associated with reduced hads scores and a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms one year [after] stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 11 program
2 : 19 associated
3 a 11 program
4 structured 10 factor
6 multidisciplinary 7 ,
6 multidisciplinary 10 factor
8 multifactorial 10 factor
9 risk 10 factor
10 factor 11 program
11 program 12 including
11 program 19 associated
12 including 14 risk
13 vascular 14 risk
14 risk 16 management
14 risk 18 be
15 factor 16 management
16 management 17 may
17 may 18 be
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 34 stroke
20 with 24 and
21 reduced 23 scores
22 hads 23 scores
23 scores 24 and
24 and 27 prevalence
24 and 28 of
25 a 27 prevalence
26 lower 27 prevalence
28 of 30 symptoms
29 depressive 30 symptoms
31 one 34 stroke
32 year 34 stroke

negative age stereotypes are pervasive and [threaten] older adults ' self - esteem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stereotypes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 negative 2 age
2 age 3 stereotypes
3 stereotypes 4 are
4 are 11 self
5 pervasive 6 and
6 and 8 older
6 and 9 adults
9 adults 10 '
10 ' 11 self
12 - 13 esteem

two experiments tested the hypothesis that differentiation from one 's age group reduces the impact of negative age - related information on older adults ' self - evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 two 2 experiments
2 experiments 3 tested
3 tested 5 hypothesis
4 the 5 hypothesis
5 hypothesis 6 that
6 that 7 differentiation
6 that 13 reduces
7 differentiation 8 from
7 differentiation 13 reduces
8 from 12 group
9 one 10 's
10 's 12 group
11 age 12 group
13 reduces 15 impact
14 the 15 impact
15 impact 16 of
16 of 18 age
17 negative 18 age
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 information
20 related 22 on
22 on 26 self
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 '
25 ' 26 self
27 - 28 evaluation
27 - 29 .

in experiment 1 , older adults ( n = 83 , m = 71.9 years ) were confronted with neutral or negative age - related information followed by a manipulation of self [-] differentiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 confronted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 related
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 adults
2 experiment 3 1
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 9 =
6 adults 17 were
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 83
10 83 13 =
11 , 13 =
12 m 13 =
13 = 15 years
13 = 16 )
14 71.9 15 years
17 were 18 confronted
18 confronted 19 with
19 with 23 age
20 neutral 21 or
21 or 22 negative
21 or 23 age
24 - 25 related
25 related 26 information
25 related 28 by
25 related 35 .
26 information 27 followed
28 by 30 manipulation
29 a 30 manipulation
30 manipulation 31 of
31 of 34 differentiation
32 self 34 differentiation

experiment 2 ( n = 44 , m = 73.55 years ) tested the moderating role of self [-] differentiation in the relationship of implicit attitudes toward older adults and implicit self - esteem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 experiment 5 =
1 experiment 9 =
1 experiment 13 tested
2 2 5 =
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 44
5 = 7 ,
8 m 9 =
9 = 11 years
9 = 12 )
10 73.55 11 years
13 tested 16 role
13 tested 21 in
13 tested 27 toward
14 the 16 role
15 moderating 16 role
16 role 17 of
17 of 20 differentiation
18 self 20 differentiation
21 in 23 relationship
22 the 23 relationship
23 relationship 24 of
24 of 26 attitudes
25 implicit 26 attitudes
27 toward 30 and
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 30 and
30 and 32 self
31 implicit 32 self
33 - 34 esteem
33 - 35 .

results suggest that self - differentiation prevents the impact of negative age - related information on older adults ' self - esteem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 results 2 suggest
2 suggest 4 self
3 that 4 self
5 - 6 differentiation
5 - 7 prevents
5 - 14 related
5 - 21 -
5 - 23 .
6 differentiation 7 prevents
7 prevents 9 impact
8 the 9 impact
9 impact 10 of
10 of 12 age
11 negative 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 information
14 related 16 on
14 related 21 -
16 on 20 self
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 '
19 ' 20 self
21 - 22 esteem

reductions in the integrity of white matter microstructure are thought to be a significant cause of age - related [decline] in mnemonic abilities , including working memory ( wm ) and long - term episodic memory ( ltm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 reductions 2 in
1 reductions 5 of
1 reductions 9 are
2 in 4 integrity
3 the 4 integrity
5 of 8 microstructure
6 white 8 microstructure
7 matter 8 microstructure
9 are 10 thought
10 thought 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 31 and
13 a 15 cause
14 significant 15 cause
15 cause 16 of
15 cause 25 including
15 cause 31 and
16 of 17 age
17 age 19 related
18 - 19 related
19 related 21 in
19 related 24 ,
21 in 23 abilities
22 mnemonic 23 abilities
25 including 27 memory
26 working 27 memory
27 memory 29 wm
28 ( 29 wm
29 wm 30 )
31 and 32 long
31 and 36 memory
33 - 36 memory
34 term 36 memory
35 episodic 36 memory
36 memory 38 ltm
36 memory 39 )
37 ( 38 ltm
38 ltm 39 )

this study uses tract - based spatial statistics ( tbss ) applied to diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images to explore correlations between white matter microstructure and verbal wm and ltm in a sample of 98 normal older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tract
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 4 tract
2 study 3 uses
3 uses 4 tract
4 tract 8 statistics
4 tract 12 applied
5 - 8 statistics
6 based 8 statistics
7 spatial 8 statistics
8 statistics 10 tbss
8 statistics 11 )
9 ( 10 tbss
10 tbss 11 )
12 applied 13 to
12 applied 19 to
12 applied 26 and
12 applied 30 ltm
13 to 18 images
14 diffusion 18 images
15 tensor 17 resonance
16 magnetic 17 resonance
17 resonance 18 images
19 to 20 explore
20 explore 21 correlations
20 explore 22 between
22 between 24 matter
23 white 24 matter
25 microstructure 26 and
26 and 27 verbal
28 wm 29 and
29 and 30 ltm
30 ltm 31 in
30 ltm 34 of
31 in 33 sample
32 a 33 sample
34 of 38 adults
35 98 38 adults
36 normal 38 adults
37 older 38 adults

wm performance was associated with microstructure in left fronto - parietal pathways and ltm was associated with bilateral fronto - temporal pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 wm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 wm 2 performance
1 wm 3 was
1 wm 4 associated
2 performance 3 was
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 7 in
5 with 6 microstructure
7 in 12 pathways
8 left 12 pathways
9 fronto 10 -
9 fronto 12 pathways
11 parietal 12 pathways
13 and 14 ltm
13 and 16 associated
14 ltm 15 was
15 was 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 22 pathways
18 bilateral 22 pathways
19 fronto 20 -
19 fronto 22 pathways
21 temporal 22 pathways

interhemispheric - frontal pathways ( genu of the corpus callosum ) were associated with both types of mnemonic function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 interhemispheric 2 -
1 interhemispheric 4 pathways
3 frontal 4 pathways
4 pathways 6 genu
4 pathways 12 were
5 ( 6 genu
6 genu 7 of
6 genu 11 )
7 of 10 callosum
8 the 10 callosum
9 corpus 10 callosum
12 were 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 17 of
15 both 17 of
16 types 17 of
17 of 19 function
18 mnemonic 19 function

we hypothesize that in normal aging , damage to certain white matter pathways may reduce the dynamic efficiency of mnemonic abilities by disrupting the connections within multiple distributed networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 3 that
2 hypothesize 4 in
4 in 6 aging
5 normal 6 aging
7 , 8 damage
7 , 15 reduce
8 damage 9 to
8 damage 14 may
9 to 13 pathways
10 certain 12 matter
11 white 12 matter
12 matter 13 pathways
14 may 15 reduce
15 reduce 18 efficiency
15 reduce 22 by
15 reduce 26 within
16 the 18 efficiency
17 dynamic 18 efficiency
18 efficiency 19 of
19 of 21 abilities
20 mnemonic 21 abilities
22 by 23 disrupting
23 disrupting 25 connections
24 the 25 connections
26 within 29 networks
27 multiple 28 distributed
28 distributed 29 networks

by correlating white matter with two mnemonic functions in the same analysis , we have demonstrated that regional white matter networks may share common mnemonic functions but also may be differentiated for memory types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 by 2 correlating
1 by 13 ,
1 by 14 we
2 correlating 4 matter
2 correlating 5 with
3 white 4 matter
5 with 8 functions
6 two 8 functions
7 mnemonic 8 functions
8 functions 9 in
9 in 12 analysis
10 the 11 same
11 same 12 analysis
14 we 27 but
15 have 20 matter
15 have 27 but
16 demonstrated 20 matter
17 that 18 regional
18 regional 19 white
19 white 20 matter
20 matter 21 networks
20 matter 23 share
21 networks 22 may
22 may 23 share
23 share 26 functions
24 common 26 functions
25 mnemonic 26 functions
27 but 29 may
28 also 29 may
29 may 30 be
30 be 31 differentiated
31 differentiated 32 for
32 for 34 types
33 memory 34 types

literacy is an important determinant of health and well - being across the life span but is critical in aging , when many influential health and financial decisions are made . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 literacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
1 literacy 16 but
2 is 5 determinant
2 is 16 but
3 an 4 important
3 an 5 determinant
4 important 5 determinant
5 determinant 6 of
5 determinant 11 being
6 of 8 and
7 health 8 and
8 and 9 well
8 and 10 -
11 being 12 across
12 across 15 span
13 the 15 span
14 life 15 span
16 but 17 is
17 is 18 critical
18 critical 19 in
19 in 20 aging
20 aging 22 when
21 , 22 when
22 when 28 decisions
22 when 30 made
22 when 31 .
23 many 28 decisions
24 influential 25 health
25 health 26 and
26 and 27 financial
26 and 28 decisions
28 decisions 29 are
29 are 30 made

prior studies suggest that older persons exhibit lower literacy than younger persons , particularly in the domains of financial and health literacy , but the reasons [why] remain unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 prior 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 persons
4 that 7 exhibit
5 older 6 persons
7 exhibit 9 literacy
7 exhibit 10 than
8 lower 9 literacy
10 than 12 persons
11 younger 12 persons
12 persons 15 in
13 , 14 particularly
13 , 15 in
15 in 17 domains
15 in 23 ,
16 the 17 domains
17 domains 18 of
18 of 20 and
19 financial 20 and
20 and 22 literacy
20 and 23 ,
21 health 22 literacy
24 but 26 reasons
24 but 28 remain
25 the 26 reasons
26 reasons 28 remain
28 remain 29 unknown

in addition [,] executive [function] had an indirect effect on literacy via decision making style ( i.e [.] , risk aversion ) , and education and word knowledge had independent effects on literacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 4 executive
2 addition 6 had
6 had 9 effect
6 had 10 on
6 had 12 via
7 an 8 indirect
7 an 9 effect
8 indirect 9 effect
10 on 11 literacy
12 via 24 and
13 decision 14 making
13 decision 24 and
14 making 15 style
15 style 17 i.e
16 ( 17 i.e
17 i.e 21 aversion
17 i.e 23 ,
19 , 21 aversion
20 risk 21 aversion
21 aversion 22 )
24 and 25 education
26 and 28 knowledge
26 and 29 had
27 word 28 knowledge
28 knowledge 29 had
29 had 31 effects
29 had 32 on
30 independent 31 effects
32 on 33 literacy

these findings suggest that diverse individual resources contribute to financial and health literacy and lower literacy in old age is partially due to declines in executive [function] and episodic memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 resources
4 that 8 contribute
5 diverse 7 resources
6 individual 7 resources
7 resources 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
9 to 11 and
10 financial 11 and
11 and 13 literacy
12 health 13 literacy
14 and 16 literacy
14 and 20 is
15 lower 16 literacy
16 literacy 17 in
16 literacy 20 is
17 in 19 age
18 old 19 age
20 is 21 partially
20 is 23 to
22 due 23 to
23 to 24 declines
24 declines 25 in
25 in 30 memory
26 executive 28 and
28 and 29 episodic
28 and 30 memory

age - related decline [in] processing speed has long been considered a key driver of cognitive aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 age 8 has
2 - 3 related
3 related 7 speed
3 related 8 has
4 decline 7 speed
6 processing 7 speed
8 has 10 been
9 long 10 been
10 been 11 considered
11 considered 14 driver
12 a 14 driver
13 key 14 driver
14 driver 15 of
15 of 17 aging
16 cognitive 17 aging

while the majority of empirical evidence for the processing speed hypothesis has been obtained from analyses of between [-] person age differences , longitudinal studies provide a direct test of within [-] person change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 while 3 majority
1 while 14 obtained
1 while 25 studies
2 the 3 majority
3 majority 4 of
3 majority 12 has
4 of 6 evidence
5 empirical 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 for
7 for 11 hypothesis
8 the 11 hypothesis
9 processing 11 hypothesis
10 speed 11 hypothesis
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 obtained
14 obtained 15 from
14 obtained 23 ,
14 obtained 24 longitudinal
15 from 16 analyses
16 analyses 17 of
17 of 18 between
18 between 22 differences
20 person 22 differences
21 age 22 differences
25 studies 26 provide
26 provide 29 test
27 a 28 direct
27 a 29 test
28 direct 29 test
29 test 30 of
30 of 31 within
31 within 34 change
33 person 34 change

using recent developments in longitudinal mediation analysis , we examine the speed [-] mediation hypothesis at both [the] [within] - and between [-] person levels in two longitudinal studies , longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) and origins of variance in the oldest - old ( octo - twin ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examine
1 using 3 developments
1 using 4 in
1 using 8 ,
1 using 9 we
2 recent 3 developments
4 in 7 analysis
5 longitudinal 6 mediation
6 mediation 7 analysis
9 we 10 examine
10 examine 15 hypothesis
10 examine 21 and
11 the 15 hypothesis
12 speed 15 hypothesis
14 mediation 15 hypothesis
16 at 17 both
16 at 21 and
20 - 21 and
21 and 22 between
22 between 25 levels
24 person 25 levels
25 levels 26 in
26 in 38 and
27 two 29 studies
28 longitudinal 29 studies
29 studies 30 ,
30 , 36 lasa
30 , 38 and
31 longitudinal 32 aging
32 aging 33 study
33 study 34 amsterdam
34 amsterdam 36 lasa
35 ( 36 lasa
36 lasa 37 )
38 and 39 origins
38 and 40 of
38 and 46 old
40 of 41 variance
41 variance 42 in
42 in 44 oldest
43 the 44 oldest
45 - 46 old
46 old 48 octo
46 old 52 .
47 ( 48 octo
48 octo 50 twin
48 octo 52 .
49 - 50 twin
50 twin 51 )

we found significant [within] - person indirect effects of change in age , such that increasing age was related to lower speed , which in turn relates to lower performance across repeated measures on other cognitive outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 8 effects
3 significant 5 -
3 significant 6 person
6 person 8 effects
7 indirect 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 10 change
10 change 11 in
11 in 12 age
13 , 17 age
13 , 19 related
13 , 23 ,
14 such 17 age
15 that 16 increasing
16 increasing 17 age
17 age 18 was
18 was 19 related
19 related 20 to
20 to 22 speed
21 lower 22 speed
23 , 24 which
23 , 27 relates
24 which 27 relates
25 in 26 turn
26 turn 27 relates
27 relates 28 to
27 relates 31 across
27 relates 34 on
28 to 29 lower
29 lower 30 performance
31 across 33 measures
32 repeated 33 measures
34 on 37 outcomes
35 other 37 outcomes
36 cognitive 37 outcomes

although [between] [-] person indirect effects were also significant in lasa , they were not in octo - twin which is not unexpected given the age homogeneous nature of the octo - twin data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 6 effects
1 although 7 were
1 although 12 ,
1 although 13 they
4 person 6 effects
5 indirect 6 effects
6 effects 7 were
7 were 8 also
7 were 9 significant
9 significant 10 in
10 in 11 lasa
13 they 14 were
14 were 15 not
14 were 16 in
16 in 17 octo
17 octo 19 twin
18 - 19 twin
19 twin 20 which
19 twin 21 is
19 twin 24 given
19 twin 29 of
19 twin 32 -
20 which 21 is
21 is 22 not
21 is 23 unexpected
24 given 28 nature
25 the 28 nature
26 age 28 nature
27 homogeneous 28 nature
29 of 31 octo
30 the 31 octo
32 - 34 data
33 twin 34 data

a [more] in [-] depth examination through measures of effect size suggests that , for the lasa study , [the] [within] - person indirect effects were small [and] between - person indirect effects were consistently larger . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 a 3 in
3 in 5 depth
5 depth 6 examination
6 examination 7 through
6 examination 12 suggests
7 through 8 measures
8 measures 9 of
9 of 11 size
10 effect 11 size
12 suggests 13 that
12 suggests 15 for
14 , 15 for
15 for 18 study
15 for 19 ,
16 the 18 study
17 lasa 18 study
19 , 22 -
19 , 30 -
22 - 25 effects
23 person 25 effects
24 indirect 25 effects
25 effects 26 were
26 were 27 small
29 between 30 -
30 - 33 effects
31 person 33 effects
32 indirect 33 effects
33 effects 34 were
34 were 36 larger
35 consistently 36 larger

these differing magnitudes of direct and indirect effects across levels demonstrate the importance of separating between - [and] within [-] person effects in evaluating theoretical models of age - related change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 magnitudes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 these 3 magnitudes
2 differing 3 magnitudes
3 magnitudes 4 of
3 magnitudes 8 effects
3 magnitudes 16 between
3 magnitudes 19 within
3 magnitudes 30 related
4 of 6 and
5 direct 6 and
6 and 7 indirect
8 effects 9 across
8 effects 11 demonstrate
9 across 10 levels
11 demonstrate 13 importance
12 the 13 importance
13 importance 14 of
14 of 15 separating
15 separating 16 between
17 - 19 within
19 within 22 effects
19 within 29 -
21 person 22 effects
22 effects 23 in
22 effects 27 of
23 in 24 evaluating
24 evaluating 26 models
25 theoretical 26 models
27 of 28 age
30 related 31 change

the goal for this study was to examine within [-] person processes driving individual development related to social goals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 for
2 goal 6 was
3 for 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 13 driving
8 examine 16 related
9 within 12 processes
9 within 13 driving
11 person 12 processes
13 driving 15 development
13 driving 16 related
14 individual 15 development
16 related 17 to
16 related 20 .
17 to 19 goals
18 social 19 goals

we examined how social regulatory processes travel together over time to understand whether daily social goal progress is sensitive to variation in experiences of support and hindrance and the extent to which maintenance or achievement goal orientation explains differences in sensitivity to social experiences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 how
2 examined 18 is
3 how 6 processes
3 how 7 travel
3 how 18 is
4 social 6 processes
5 regulatory 6 processes
6 processes 7 travel
7 travel 8 together
7 travel 9 over
9 over 10 time
10 time 11 to
10 time 12 understand
11 to 12 understand
12 understand 13 whether
12 understand 17 progress
13 whether 14 daily
15 social 16 goal
16 goal 17 progress
18 is 28 and
19 sensitive 20 to
19 sensitive 26 and
20 to 21 variation
21 variation 22 in
21 variation 24 of
22 in 23 experiences
24 of 25 support
26 and 27 hindrance
26 and 28 and
28 and 30 extent
29 the 30 extent
30 extent 31 to
31 to 32 which
31 to 36 goal
31 to 37 orientation
31 to 38 explains
32 which 36 goal
33 maintenance 34 or
34 or 35 achievement
34 or 36 goal
37 orientation 38 explains
38 explains 39 differences
38 explains 42 to
39 differences 40 in
40 in 41 sensitivity
42 to 44 experiences
43 social 44 experiences

a sample of 105 adults over the age of 50 years chose an individually meaningful social goal to track over time , which they coded as achievement [or] maintenance oriented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 chose
1 a 2 sample
2 sample 3 of
2 sample 6 over
2 sample 9 of
2 sample 12 chose
3 of 5 adults
4 105 5 adults
6 over 8 age
7 the 8 age
9 of 11 years
10 50 11 years
12 chose 17 goal
12 chose 18 to
12 chose 19 track
13 an 17 goal
14 individually 15 meaningful
15 meaningful 17 goal
16 social 17 goal
18 to 19 track
19 track 20 over
19 track 21 time
21 time 23 which
22 , 23 which
23 which 25 coded
23 which 31 .
24 they 25 coded
25 coded 26 as
26 as 29 maintenance
27 achievement 29 maintenance
29 maintenance 30 oriented

participants then reported their daily progress and experiences of support and hindrance toward that goal over a 100 [-] day study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 participants 3 reported
2 then 3 reported
3 reported 7 and
3 reported 13 toward
3 reported 16 over
4 their 6 progress
5 daily 6 progress
6 progress 7 and
7 and 8 experiences
7 and 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 support 11 and
11 and 12 hindrance
13 toward 15 goal
14 that 15 goal
16 over 22 period
17 a 22 period
18 100 20 day
20 day 22 period
21 study 22 period

we found social goal progress to positively covary with support and negatively covary with [hindrance] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 progress
3 social 4 goal
4 goal 5 progress
5 progress 6 to
5 progress 14 with
6 to 11 and
7 positively 8 covary
8 covary 9 with
8 covary 11 and
9 with 10 support
11 and 13 covary
12 negatively 13 covary
13 covary 14 with

these linkages , which we termed sensitivity , varied significantly across participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 linkages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 linkages
2 linkages 4 which
2 linkages 9 varied
3 , 4 which
4 which 6 termed
4 which 8 ,
5 we 6 termed
6 termed 7 sensitivity
9 varied 10 significantly
9 varied 11 across
11 across 12 participants

this variation was partially explained by differences in goal orientation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 variation
2 variation 3 was
3 was 4 partially
3 was 5 explained
5 explained 6 by
5 explained 8 in
6 by 7 differences
8 in 10 orientation
9 goal 10 orientation

those with an achievement goal made lower goal progress and were more sensitive to support and less sensitive [to] hindrance than those with a maintenance - oriented goal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 those 2 with
1 those 6 made
1 those 10 and
2 with 5 goal
3 an 5 goal
4 achievement 5 goal
7 lower 9 progress
7 lower 10 and
8 goal 9 progress
10 and 11 were
11 were 13 sensitive
12 more 13 sensitive
13 sensitive 14 to
13 sensitive 21 than
13 sensitive 23 with
14 to 16 and
15 support 16 and
16 and 20 hindrance
17 less 18 sensitive
18 sensitive 20 hindrance
21 than 22 those
23 with 25 maintenance
24 a 25 maintenance
26 - 28 goal
26 - 29 .
27 oriented 28 goal

our findings partially explain the processes by which older adults work toward their social goals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 4 explain
3 partially 4 explain
4 explain 6 processes
5 the 6 processes
6 processes 7 by
7 by 8 which
7 by 10 adults
7 by 11 work
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 work
11 work 12 toward
12 toward 15 goals
13 their 15 goals
14 social 15 goals

daily goal progress is contingent on daily social experiences , but these sensitivities are in part [shaped] by goal orientation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 progress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 daily 3 progress
2 goal 3 progress
3 progress 4 is
4 is 5 contingent
5 contingent 6 on
6 on 9 experiences
7 daily 9 experiences
8 social 9 experiences
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 sensitivities
11 but 14 are
12 these 13 sensitivities
13 sensitivities 14 are
14 are 16 part
14 are 18 by
15 in 16 part
18 by 20 orientation
19 goal 20 orientation

difficulty with memory retrieval is a salient feature of cognitive aging and may be related to a reduction in the ability to suppress items that compete for retrieval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 difficulty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 difficulty 2 with
1 difficulty 12 and
2 with 4 retrieval
3 memory 4 retrieval
5 is 8 feature
5 is 12 and
6 a 7 salient
6 a 8 feature
7 salient 8 feature
8 feature 9 of
9 of 11 aging
10 cognitive 11 aging
12 and 13 may
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 related
15 related 16 to
15 related 19 in
16 to 18 reduction
17 a 18 reduction
19 in 21 ability
20 the 21 ability
21 ability 22 to
21 ability 23 suppress
22 to 23 suppress
23 suppress 24 items
23 suppress 27 for
24 items 25 that
24 items 26 compete
25 that 26 compete
27 for 28 retrieval

to test this hypothesis directly , we presented a series of words for shallow coding that included pairs of orthographically similar words ( e.g [.] , allergy and analogy ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 4 hypothesis
2 test 5 directly
3 this 4 hypothesis
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 presented
7 we 8 presented
8 presented 10 series
8 presented 13 for
9 a 10 series
10 series 11 of
11 of 12 words
13 for 18 pairs
14 shallow 18 pairs
15 coding 18 pairs
16 that 17 included
17 included 18 pairs
18 pairs 19 of
18 pairs 24 e.g
19 of 22 words
20 orthographically 21 similar
21 similar 22 words
23 ( 24 e.g
24 e.g 29 analogy
24 e.g 30 )
26 , 29 analogy
27 allergy 28 and
28 and 29 analogy
29 analogy 30 )

after a delay , participants solved word fragments ( e.g [.] , [a] _ [l] _ _ gy ) that resembled both words in a pair but could only be completed by one . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 after 3 delay
1 after 19 )
1 after 20 that
2 a 3 delay
3 delay 8 fragments
3 delay 18 gy
4 , 8 fragments
5 participants 6 solved
6 solved 8 fragments
7 word 8 fragments
8 fragments 10 e.g
8 fragments 12 ,
9 ( 10 e.g
10 e.g 12 ,
12 , 18 gy
14 _ 16 _
16 _ 18 gy
17 _ 18 gy
18 gy 19 )
20 that 27 but
21 resembled 23 words
21 resembled 24 in
21 resembled 27 but
22 both 23 words
24 in 26 pair
25 a 26 pair
27 but 28 could
28 could 30 be
29 only 30 be
30 be 31 completed
31 completed 32 by
32 by 33 one

we measured the consequence of having successfully resolved competition by having participants read a list of words including the rejected competitors as quickly as possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 4 consequence
2 measured 10 by
3 the 4 consequence
4 consequence 5 of
5 of 6 having
6 having 8 resolved
7 successfully 8 resolved
8 resolved 9 competition
10 by 11 having
11 having 12 participants
12 participants 13 read
12 participants 16 of
13 read 15 list
14 a 15 list
16 of 17 words
17 words 18 including
18 including 21 competitors
18 including 23 quickly
18 including 24 as
19 the 21 competitors
20 rejected 21 competitors
22 as 23 quickly
24 as 25 possible

response time was compared with control conditions that did not require resolving competition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 response 2 time
2 time 3 was
3 was 4 compared
4 compared 5 with
5 with 7 conditions
5 with 12 resolving
6 control 7 conditions
7 conditions 8 that
7 conditions 11 require
8 that 9 did
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 require
12 resolving 13 competition

older adults showed no evidence of suppression ; instead they showed priming for the competitors , in sharp contrast to strong suppression effects previously observed in younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 showed
3 showed 5 evidence
4 no 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 of
6 of 7 suppression
8 ; 10 they
8 ; 11 showed
9 instead 10 they
10 they 11 showed
11 showed 12 priming
12 priming 13 for
13 for 15 competitors
14 the 15 competitors
15 competitors 17 in
16 , 17 in
17 in 19 contrast
17 in 29 .
18 sharp 19 contrast
19 contrast 20 to
19 contrast 25 observed
20 to 23 effects
21 strong 22 suppression
22 suppression 23 effects
24 previously 25 observed
25 observed 26 in
26 in 28 adults
27 younger 28 adults

whereas previous studies have provided clear evidence for suppression deficits by examining the ability to produce targets in high interference situations , here we provide direct evidence for a suppression deficit by examining the accessibility of rejected competitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 whereas 3 studies
1 whereas 16 produce
1 whereas 22 ,
1 whereas 24 we
2 previous 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 provided
5 provided 7 evidence
5 provided 8 for
5 provided 11 by
6 clear 7 evidence
8 for 10 deficits
9 suppression 10 deficits
11 by 12 examining
12 examining 14 ability
12 examining 15 to
13 the 14 ability
15 to 16 produce
16 produce 17 targets
16 produce 18 in
18 in 21 situations
19 high 20 interference
20 interference 21 situations
23 here 24 we
24 we 25 provide
25 provide 27 evidence
25 provide 32 by
26 direct 27 evidence
27 evidence 28 for
28 for 31 deficit
29 a 30 suppression
29 a 31 deficit
30 suppression 31 deficit
32 by 33 examining
33 examining 35 accessibility
34 the 35 accessibility
35 accessibility 36 of
36 of 38 competitors
37 rejected 38 competitors

none [introduction] : inadequacies in pain assessment and management in long - term care have been well documented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 8 and
3 : 16 been
3 : 19 .
4 inadequacies 5 in
4 inadequacies 8 and
5 in 7 assessment
6 pain 7 assessment
8 and 9 management
8 and 10 in
8 and 15 have
10 in 14 care
11 long 12 -
11 long 13 term
13 term 14 care
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 well
17 well 18 documented

insufficient pain education and inaccurate beliefs about the nature of pain and aging have been identified as possible contributors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 insufficient 2 pain
2 pain 3 education
3 education 4 and
4 and 6 beliefs
4 and 12 and
5 inaccurate 6 beliefs
6 beliefs 7 about
7 about 9 nature
8 the 9 nature
9 nature 10 of
10 of 11 pain
12 and 13 aging
12 and 14 have
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 identified
16 identified 17 as
17 as 19 contributors
18 possible 19 contributors

the present study addresses the need for improved , efficient and feasible continuing pain education through the use of an assessment training video . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 present
2 present 3 study
2 present 7 for
2 present 8 improved
3 study 4 addresses
4 addresses 6 need
4 addresses 7 for
5 the 6 need
9 , 11 and
10 efficient 11 and
11 and 15 education
11 and 16 through
11 and 19 of
12 feasible 14 pain
13 continuing 14 pain
14 pain 15 education
16 through 18 use
17 the 18 use
19 of 21 assessment
20 an 21 assessment
21 assessment 22 training
22 training 23 video

methods : a total of 148 long - term care staff viewed and evaluated the training video . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 13 and
5 of 11 staff
6 148 10 care
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 term
9 term 10 care
10 care 11 staff
12 viewed 13 and
13 and 14 evaluated
13 and 17 video
15 the 17 video
16 training 17 video

knowledge changes and pain beliefs were assessed postvideo and [at] a four [-] week follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 knowledge 2 changes
2 changes 3 and
3 and 5 beliefs
3 and 6 were
4 pain 5 beliefs
6 were 8 postvideo
7 assessed 8 postvideo
9 and 14 week
9 and 15 follow
11 a 14 week
12 four 14 week
14 week 15 follow
15 follow 17 up
16 - 17 up
17 up 18 .

beliefs about pain , as well as pain and aging , were also examined using multivariate procedures to determine whether these variables influenced participants ' evaluation of the video . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 beliefs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 beliefs 2 about
1 beliefs 7 as
1 beliefs 12 were
2 about 3 pain
4 , 7 as
5 as 6 well
6 well 7 as
7 as 9 and
7 as 11 ,
8 pain 9 and
9 and 10 aging
12 were 14 examined
13 also 14 examined
14 examined 15 using
15 using 17 procedures
15 using 18 to
16 multivariate 17 procedures
18 to 19 determine
19 determine 20 whether
20 whether 22 variables
20 whether 23 influenced
21 these 22 variables
22 variables 23 influenced
23 influenced 26 evaluation
24 participants 25 '
25 ' 26 evaluation
26 evaluation 27 of
27 of 29 video
28 the 29 video

focus groups were also conducted , and transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 focus 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 5 conducted
4 also 5 conducted
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 transcripts
7 and 10 analyzed
8 transcripts 9 were
9 were 10 analyzed
10 analyzed 11 using
11 using 14 analysis
12 thematic 14 analysis
13 content 14 analysis

results : pain assessment knowledge improved postvideo and [at] the four [-] week follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 5 knowledge
2 : 6 improved
2 : 8 and
2 : 15 -
3 pain 5 knowledge
4 assessment 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 improved
6 improved 7 postvideo
8 and 13 week
8 and 14 follow
10 the 13 week
11 four 13 week
13 week 14 follow
15 - 16 up

participants positively evaluated the content and quality of the video . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 participants 3 evaluated
2 positively 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 6 and
4 the 5 content
5 content 6 and
6 and 7 quality
6 and 8 of
8 of 10 video
9 the 10 video

individuals who held stronger beliefs ( at baseline ) about the organic nature of pain provided more positive evaluations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 individuals 2 who
1 individuals 3 held
1 individuals 16 provided
2 who 3 held
3 held 5 beliefs
3 held 10 about
4 stronger 5 beliefs
5 beliefs 7 at
6 ( 7 at
7 at 8 baseline
7 at 9 )
10 about 13 nature
11 the 13 nature
12 organic 13 nature
13 nature 14 of
14 of 15 pain
16 provided 19 evaluations
17 more 18 positive
18 positive 19 evaluations

barriers to implementation of practices in the video identified by the focus groups ( and qualitative analysis ) included time , workload and resistance to change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 barriers 2 to
1 barriers 15 and
2 to 3 implementation
3 implementation 4 of
4 of 5 practices
5 practices 6 in
6 in 8 video
7 the 8 video
8 video 9 identified
9 identified 10 by
10 by 13 groups
11 the 13 groups
12 focus 13 groups
14 ( 15 and
15 and 17 analysis
15 and 18 )
15 and 19 included
16 qualitative 17 analysis
19 included 23 and
19 included 25 to
20 time 21 ,
21 , 22 workload
21 , 23 and
23 and 24 resistance
25 to 26 change

facilitators to implementation included continued management support [and] observing the benefits to implementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 facilitators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 continued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 facilitators 2 to
1 facilitators 5 continued
2 to 3 implementation
3 implementation 4 included
5 continued 7 support
5 continued 12 to
6 management 7 support
7 support 9 observing
9 observing 11 benefits
10 the 11 benefits
12 to 13 implementation

discussion : the present study provides support for the use of video training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 provides
2 : 14 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 provides
6 provides 7 support
6 provides 8 for
8 for 10 use
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
11 of 13 training
12 video 13 training

however , based on the focus group results , top - down implementation approaches with ongoing management involvement throughout the implementation process may be needed to achieve sustained changes in pain assessment practices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 implementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 13 implementation
3 based 4 on
3 based 9 ,
3 based 13 implementation
4 on 8 results
5 the 8 results
6 focus 8 results
7 group 8 results
10 top 11 -
10 top 13 implementation
12 down 13 implementation
13 implementation 14 approaches
14 approaches 15 with
14 approaches 19 throughout
15 with 18 involvement
16 ongoing 17 management
17 management 18 involvement
19 throughout 21 implementation
20 the 21 implementation
21 implementation 22 process
21 implementation 27 achieve
22 process 23 may
23 may 24 be
24 be 25 needed
25 needed 26 to
26 to 27 achieve
27 achieve 29 changes
27 achieve 30 in
28 sustained 29 changes
30 in 33 practices
31 pain 32 assessment
32 assessment 33 practices

a model useful for sustained implementation was proposed and discussed , and is hoped to facilitate future research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 model
2 model 3 useful
2 model 12 and
3 useful 4 for
4 for 6 implementation
5 sustained 6 implementation
7 was 9 and
7 was 12 and
8 proposed 9 and
9 and 10 discussed
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 is
13 is 14 hoped
14 hoped 15 to
15 to 16 facilitate
16 facilitate 18 research
17 future 18 research

telomeres are ribonucleoprotein structures capping the end of every linear chromosome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 telomeres 2 are
2 are 4 structures
3 ribonucleoprotein 4 structures
4 structures 5 capping
5 capping 7 end
6 the 7 end
7 end 8 of
8 of 11 chromosome
9 every 11 chromosome
10 linear 11 chromosome

in all vertebrates , they are composed of ttaggg repeats coated with specific protecting proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 composed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 vertebrates
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 they
2 all 3 vertebrates
5 they 6 are
6 are 7 composed
7 composed 8 of
8 of 10 repeats
9 ttaggg 10 repeats
10 repeats 11 coated
11 coated 12 with
12 with 15 proteins
13 specific 15 proteins
14 protecting 15 proteins

telomeres shorten with each mitotic cell division , but telomerase , a reverse transcriptase , elongate telomeres in very specific cells , such as embryonic and adult stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 telomeres 15 ,
2 shorten 3 with
2 shorten 15 ,
3 with 7 division
3 with 14 transcriptase
4 each 7 division
5 mitotic 6 cell
6 cell 7 division
7 division 9 but
8 , 9 but
9 but 10 telomerase
9 but 11 ,
12 a 14 transcriptase
13 reverse 14 transcriptase
15 , 16 elongate
16 elongate 17 telomeres
16 elongate 18 in
18 in 21 cells
19 very 20 specific
20 specific 21 cells
21 cells 24 as
22 , 24 as
23 such 24 as
24 as 26 and
24 as 30 .
25 embryonic 26 and
26 and 29 cells
27 adult 29 cells
28 stem 29 cells

although telomere sequence is identical in mice and humans and telomeres serve the same role of protecting chromosomes and genetic information from damage and erosion in both species , abnormalities in telomere maintenance and [in] telomerase function do not coincide in phenotype [in] humans and mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sequence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 although 2 telomere
1 although 3 sequence
3 sequence 4 is
4 is 5 identical
5 identical 6 in
6 in 7 mice
8 and 10 and
8 and 29 ,
9 humans 10 and
10 and 11 telomeres
10 and 29 ,
12 serve 19 and
12 serve 22 from
12 serve 29 ,
13 the 14 same
13 the 15 role
15 role 16 of
15 role 19 and
16 of 17 protecting
17 protecting 18 chromosomes
19 and 21 information
20 genetic 21 information
22 from 24 and
23 damage 24 and
24 and 25 erosion
24 and 26 in
26 in 28 species
27 both 28 species
29 , 40 coincide
29 , 41 in
30 abnormalities 31 in
30 abnormalities 38 do
31 in 34 and
32 telomere 33 maintenance
33 maintenance 34 and
34 and 37 function
36 telomerase 37 function
38 do 39 not
38 do 40 coincide
41 in 45 and
42 phenotype 44 humans
44 humans 45 and
45 and 46 mice

the telomeres of most laboratory mice are 5 to 10 times longer than in humans , but their lifespan is 30 times shorter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 telomeres
2 telomeres 3 of
2 telomeres 7 are
3 of 6 mice
4 most 6 mice
5 laboratory 6 mice
7 are 12 longer
8 5 9 to
9 to 10 10
9 to 11 times
11 times 12 longer
12 longer 13 than
13 than 14 in
14 in 15 humans
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 lifespan
17 but 20 is
18 their 19 lifespan
19 lifespan 20 is
20 is 23 shorter
21 30 22 times
22 times 23 shorter

complete [absence] of telomerase has little expression in [phenotype] over several generations in mice , whereas heterozygosity for telomerase mutations in humans is sufficient to result in organ regeneration [defect] and cancer development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 complete
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
1 complete 3 of
1 complete 5 has
3 of 4 telomerase
5 has 7 expression
5 has 8 in
5 has 13 in
5 has 16 whereas
6 little 7 expression
8 in 12 generations
10 over 11 several
11 several 12 generations
13 in 14 mice
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 17 heterozygosity
16 whereas 26 result
16 whereas 34 .
17 heterozygosity 18 for
17 heterozygosity 23 is
18 for 20 mutations
19 telomerase 20 mutations
20 mutations 21 in
21 in 22 humans
23 is 24 sufficient
24 sufficient 25 to
25 to 26 result
26 result 27 in
27 in 31 and
28 organ 29 regeneration
29 regeneration 31 and
31 and 33 development
32 cancer 33 development

patients with telomerase deficiency and very short telomeres may develop aplastic anemia , pulmonary fibrosis , or cirrhosis , whereas telomerase - null murine models display only modest hematopoietic deficiency and develop emphysema when exposed to cigarette smoke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 9 may
2 with 5 and
3 telomerase 4 deficiency
4 deficiency 5 and
5 and 8 telomeres
6 very 7 short
7 short 8 telomeres
9 may 10 develop
10 develop 17 or
11 aplastic 12 anemia
12 anemia 13 ,
13 , 15 fibrosis
13 , 17 or
14 pulmonary 15 fibrosis
16 , 17 or
17 or 18 cirrhosis
19 , 25 models
19 , 31 and
20 whereas 21 telomerase
20 whereas 22 -
20 whereas 25 models
23 null 24 murine
24 murine 25 models
25 models 31 and
26 display 30 deficiency
26 display 31 and
27 only 28 modest
28 modest 30 deficiency
29 hematopoietic 30 deficiency
31 and 32 develop
32 develop 33 emphysema
32 develop 34 when
34 when 35 exposed
35 exposed 36 to
36 to 38 smoke
37 cigarette 38 smoke

in summary , telomerase deficiency in both humans and mice accelerate telomere shortening , but its consequences in the different organs and in the organism diverge , mainly due to telomere length differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 accelerate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
1 in 5 deficiency
1 in 9 and
2 summary 3 ,
2 summary 4 telomerase
4 telomerase 5 deficiency
5 deficiency 6 in
6 in 7 both
8 humans 9 and
9 and 10 mice
9 and 11 accelerate
11 accelerate 13 shortening
12 telomere 13 shortening
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 consequences
15 but 26 diverge
16 its 17 consequences
17 consequences 22 and
17 consequences 26 diverge
18 in 21 organs
18 in 22 and
19 the 21 organs
20 different 21 organs
22 and 23 in
23 in 25 organism
24 the 25 organism
26 diverge 30 to
27 , 28 mainly
27 , 30 to
29 due 30 to
30 to 33 differences
30 to 34 .
31 telomere 32 length
32 length 33 differences

[none] none [to] explore the possible mechanisms underlying sex - specific differences in skeletal fragility that may be obscured by two - dimensional areal bone mineral density ( abmd ) measures , we compared quantitative computed tomography ( qct ) - based vertebral bone measures among pairs of men and women from the framingham heart study multidetector computed tomography study who were matched for age and spine abmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 69 .
2 none 4 explore
4 explore 7 mechanisms
5 the 7 mechanisms
6 possible 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 8 underlying
8 underlying 9 sex
10 - 12 differences
10 - 19 obscured
10 - 32 ,
11 specific 12 differences
12 differences 13 in
12 differences 16 that
12 differences 17 may
12 differences 18 be
13 in 15 fragility
14 skeletal 15 fragility
16 that 17 may
18 be 19 obscured
19 obscured 20 by
20 by 21 two
21 two 27 density
22 - 27 density
23 dimensional 26 mineral
24 areal 26 mineral
25 bone 26 mineral
26 mineral 27 density
27 density 31 measures
27 density 32 ,
28 ( 31 measures
29 abmd 30 )
29 abmd 31 measures
31 measures 32 ,
32 , 33 we
32 , 34 compared
32 , 50 and
33 we 34 compared
34 compared 45 measures
35 quantitative 45 measures
36 computed 45 measures
37 tomography 39 qct
37 tomography 41 -
37 tomography 45 measures
38 ( 39 qct
39 qct 40 )
42 based 44 bone
43 vertebral 44 bone
44 bone 45 measures
45 measures 46 among
45 measures 48 of
46 among 47 pairs
48 of 49 men
50 and 51 women
50 and 68 abmd
51 women 52 from
51 women 61 who
51 women 62 were
51 women 68 abmd
52 from 60 study
53 the 60 study
54 framingham 55 heart
55 heart 56 study
56 study 57 multidetector
57 multidetector 58 computed
58 computed 59 tomography
59 tomography 60 study
61 who 62 were
62 were 63 matched
63 matched 64 for
64 for 66 and
65 age 66 and
66 and 67 spine

we identified 981 male - female pairs ( 1:1 matching ) matched on age ( ± 1 year [ )(and qct - derived abmd of l3 ( [±] 1 % ) , with an average age of 51 years ( range 34 to 81 years ) . 
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 3 981
2 identified 13 on
2 identified 33 with
3 981 7 pairs
3 981 12 matched
4 male 5 -
4 male 7 pairs
6 female 7 pairs
7 pairs 9 1:1
7 pairs 12 matched
8 ( 9 1:1
9 1:1 10 matching
9 1:1 11 )
13 on 14 age
14 age 24 abmd
15 ( 24 abmd
16 ± 24 abmd
17 1 18 year
18 year 20 )(and
20 )(and 21 qct
20 )(and 22 -
20 )(and 23 derived
20 )(and 24 abmd
24 abmd 25 of
24 abmd 31 )
25 of 26 l3
26 l3 30 %
27 ( 30 %
29 1 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 , 33 with
33 with 36 age
33 with 47 .
34 an 36 age
35 average 36 age
36 age 37 of
37 of 39 years
38 51 39 years
39 years 41 range
40 ( 41 range
41 range 42 34
41 range 43 to
41 range 46 )
43 to 45 years
44 81 45 years

after adjusting for height and weight , the differences in csa and volumetric bone mineral density ( vbmd ) between men and women were attenuated but remained significant , whereas compressive strength was no longer different . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 bone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 7 ,
1 after 9 differences
2 adjusting 3 for
3 for 5 and
4 height 5 and
5 and 6 weight
8 the 9 differences
9 differences 10 in
9 differences 14 bone
10 in 12 and
11 csa 12 and
12 and 13 volumetric
14 bone 16 density
14 bone 20 between
15 mineral 16 density
16 density 18 vbmd
17 ( 18 vbmd
18 vbmd 19 )
20 between 21 men
22 and 23 women
22 and 26 but
23 women 24 were
24 were 26 but
25 attenuated 26 but
26 but 27 remained
26 but 30 whereas
27 remained 28 significant
29 , 30 whereas
30 whereas 32 strength
31 compressive 32 strength
32 strength 33 was
33 was 35 longer
33 was 36 different
34 no 35 longer

in conclusion , vertebral size , morphology , and density differ significantly between men and women matched for age and spine abmd , suggesting that men and women attain the same abmd by different mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 9 and
1 in 11 differ
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 5 size
3 , 6 ,
4 vertebral 5 size
6 , 7 morphology
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 density
11 differ 12 significantly
11 differ 13 between
13 between 20 and
14 men 15 and
15 and 16 women
15 and 17 matched
15 and 20 and
17 matched 18 for
18 for 19 age
20 and 22 abmd
20 and 23 ,
20 and 24 suggesting
20 and 32 abmd
21 spine 22 abmd
24 suggesting 25 that
25 that 27 and
25 that 29 attain
26 men 27 and
27 and 28 women
29 attain 31 same
30 the 31 same
32 abmd 33 by
33 by 35 mechanisms
34 different 35 mechanisms

these results provide novel information regarding sex - specific differences in mechanisms that underlie vertebral fragility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 5 information
4 novel 5 information
5 information 6 regarding
6 regarding 7 sex
8 - 10 differences
9 specific 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
11 in 12 mechanisms
12 mechanisms 13 that
12 mechanisms 14 underlie
13 that 14 underlie
14 underlie 16 fragility
15 vertebral 16 fragility

modern society is witnessing a widespread tendency to postpone parenthood due to a number of socioeconomic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 society
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 modern 2 society
2 society 3 is
3 is 4 witnessing
4 witnessing 7 tendency
4 witnessing 8 to
4 witnessing 12 to
5 a 7 tendency
6 widespread 7 tendency
8 to 9 postpone
9 postpone 10 parenthood
11 due 12 to
12 to 17 factors
13 a 14 number
14 number 15 of
14 number 17 factors
15 of 17 factors
16 socioeconomic 17 factors

this ever [-] increasing trend relates to both women and men and raises many concerns about the risks and consequences lying beneath the natural process of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 5 trend
2 ever 4 increasing
4 increasing 5 trend
5 trend 12 and
5 trend 19 and
6 relates 7 to
6 relates 12 and
7 to 10 and
8 both 9 women
9 women 10 and
10 and 11 men
12 and 13 raises
12 and 16 about
13 raises 15 concerns
14 many 15 concerns
16 about 18 risks
17 the 18 risks
19 and 20 consequences
19 and 21 lying
19 and 26 of
21 lying 22 beneath
22 beneath 25 process
23 the 25 process
24 natural 25 process
26 of 27 aging

the negative influence of the advanced maternal age has been thoroughly demonstrated , while the paternal age has attracted comparatively less attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
1 the 3 influence
2 negative 3 influence
3 influence 4 of
3 influence 9 has
4 of 8 age
5 the 8 age
6 advanced 8 age
7 maternal 8 age
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 thoroughly
10 been 12 demonstrated
12 demonstrated 14 while
13 , 14 while
14 while 17 age
14 while 19 attracted
14 while 23 .
15 the 17 age
16 paternal 17 age
17 age 18 has
18 has 19 attracted
19 attracted 20 comparatively
19 attracted 22 attention
21 less 22 attention

a problematic issue of defining whether advanced paternal age can be considered an independent risk factor , [not] only for a man 's fertility but also for the offspring 's health , is represented by the difficulty , linked to reproductive studies , in characterizing the impact of maternal and paternal age , separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 issue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 a 2 problematic
1 a 3 issue
2 problematic 3 issue
3 issue 4 of
3 issue 33 is
4 of 5 defining
5 defining 6 whether
5 defining 16 factor
6 whether 9 age
6 whether 12 considered
7 advanced 9 age
8 paternal 9 age
9 age 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 considered
13 an 16 factor
14 independent 16 factor
15 risk 16 factor
16 factor 20 for
17 , 19 only
17 , 20 for
20 for 24 fertility
20 for 32 ,
21 a 22 man
22 man 23 's
23 's 24 fertility
24 fertility 25 but
24 fertility 27 for
25 but 26 also
27 for 31 health
28 the 29 offspring
29 offspring 30 's
30 's 31 health
33 is 34 represented
34 represented 35 by
34 represented 39 linked
34 represented 54 separately
35 by 37 difficulty
36 the 37 difficulty
38 , 39 linked
39 linked 40 to
39 linked 44 in
39 linked 53 ,
40 to 42 studies
41 reproductive 42 studies
43 , 44 in
44 in 45 characterizing
44 in 53 ,
45 characterizing 47 impact
46 the 47 impact
47 impact 48 of
48 of 50 and
49 maternal 50 and
50 and 52 age
51 paternal 52 age

researchers are now trying to overcome this obstacle by directly analyzing the male germ cell , and emerging data prove this sperm - specific [approach] to be a valid tool for providing novel insights on the effects of aging on the spermatozoa and , thus , on the reproductive outcome of an aging male . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 researchers 2 are
2 are 3 now
2 are 4 trying
4 trying 5 to
4 trying 6 overcome
5 to 6 overcome
6 overcome 8 obstacle
7 this 8 obstacle
8 obstacle 9 by
8 obstacle 24 specific
9 by 11 analyzing
10 directly 11 analyzing
11 analyzing 17 and
11 analyzing 20 prove
12 the 15 cell
13 male 15 cell
14 germ 15 cell
15 cell 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 data
17 and 20 prove
18 emerging 19 data
20 prove 22 sperm
21 this 22 sperm
23 - 24 specific
24 specific 26 to
24 specific 31 for
24 specific 55 .
26 to 27 be
27 be 30 tool
28 a 29 valid
28 a 30 tool
29 valid 30 tool
31 for 32 providing
32 providing 34 insights
32 providing 35 on
32 providing 43 and
33 novel 34 insights
35 on 37 effects
36 the 37 effects
37 effects 38 of
38 of 39 aging
40 on 42 spermatozoa
40 on 43 and
41 the 42 spermatozoa
43 and 45 thus
43 and 47 on
44 , 45 thus
45 thus 46 ,
47 on 50 outcome
48 the 50 outcome
49 reproductive 50 outcome
50 outcome 51 of
51 of 54 male
52 an 54 male
53 aging 54 male

the purpose of this chapter is to summarize most of what is known about the relationship between male aging and changes in the spermatozoa , giving special focus on the events occurring with age at the genomic level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 20 and
3 of 5 chapter
4 this 5 chapter
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 summarize
6 is 20 and
7 to 8 summarize
8 summarize 9 most
9 most 10 of
10 of 11 what
11 what 12 is
12 is 13 known
13 known 14 about
13 known 17 between
14 about 16 relationship
15 the 16 relationship
17 between 19 aging
18 male 19 aging
20 and 21 changes
20 and 22 in
20 and 28 focus
22 in 26 giving
23 the 26 giving
24 spermatozoa 25 ,
24 spermatozoa 26 giving
27 special 28 focus
28 focus 29 on
28 focus 35 at
29 on 31 events
30 the 31 events
31 events 32 occurring
31 events 33 with
33 with 34 age
35 at 38 level
36 the 38 level
37 genomic 38 level

objective : given the impact [of] recurrent [falls] in older people , risk evaluation [for] falling is an important part of geriatric assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 given
3 given 5 impact
4 the 5 impact
5 impact 7 recurrent
7 recurrent 9 in
9 in 11 people
10 older 11 people
12 , 16 falling
12 , 17 is
13 risk 16 falling
14 evaluation 16 falling
16 falling 17 is
17 is 23 assessment
18 an 20 part
19 important 20 part
20 part 21 of
20 part 23 assessment
21 of 23 assessment
22 geriatric 23 assessment

available clinical tools usually do not include patients ' self - perceived risk of falling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tools
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 available 3 tools
2 clinical 3 tools
3 tools 5 do
4 usually 5 do
5 do 6 not
5 do 7 include
7 include 10 self
8 patients 9 '
9 ' 10 self
11 - 13 risk
12 perceived 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 falling

the objective of this study was to evaluate [association] with [and] predictive capacity of self [-] perceived risk of falling in recurrent falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 5 study
2 objective 8 evaluate
2 objective 23 falls
3 of 4 this
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 with
10 with 13 capacity
10 with 22 recurrent
12 predictive 13 capacity
13 capacity 14 of
14 of 18 risk
15 self 17 perceived
17 perceived 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 20 falling
20 falling 21 in

methods : prospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 prospective 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study

patients attending a geriatric outpatients ' clinic were recruited [(] pfeiffer score < 5 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 )(
1 patients 2 attending
1 patients 12 score
2 attending 11 pfeiffer
3 a 4 geriatric
3 a 11 pfeiffer
4 geriatric 5 outpatients
5 outpatients 6 '
6 ' 7 clinic
7 clinic 8 were
8 were 9 recruited
12 score 14 5
13 < 14 5

a baseline assessment and [follow] - up over 14 months [was] scheduled for each patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 3 assessment
2 baseline 3 assessment
4 and 6 -
4 and 12 scheduled
6 - 7 up
7 up 9 14
8 over 9 14
9 14 10 months
9 14 12 scheduled
10 months 12 scheduled
12 scheduled 13 for
13 for 15 patient
14 each 15 patient

self - perceived risk of falling was assessed through four questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 self 2 -
1 self 4 risk
3 perceived 4 risk
4 risk 5 of
4 risk 7 was
5 of 6 falling
7 was 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 through
9 through 11 questions
10 four 11 questions

association [with] [falls] was evaluated through relative risk , survival curves ( kaplan - meier ) , and cox regression ( recurrent [falls] as outcome variables ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 association 4 was
4 was 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 through
6 through 8 risk
7 relative 8 risk
8 risk 11 curves
9 , 11 curves
10 survival 11 curves
11 curves 18 and
11 curves 27 )
12 ( 18 and
13 kaplan 15 meier
13 kaplan 18 and
14 - 15 meier
15 meier 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 regression
18 and 22 recurrent
18 and 27 )
19 cox 20 regression
21 ( 22 recurrent
22 recurrent 24 as
22 recurrent 27 )
24 as 26 variables
25 outcome 26 variables

predictive capacity was evaluated through sensitivity , specificity , and predictive values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 predictive 2 capacity
2 capacity 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 through
5 through 10 and
6 sensitivity 7 ,
7 , 8 specificity
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 values
11 predictive 12 values

results : 52 participants answered all 4 questions , and 15 participants ( 27.2 % ) presented recurrent falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 52
2 : 19 falls
2 : 20 .
3 52 4 participants
3 52 5 answered
3 52 17 presented
3 52 19 falls
4 participants 5 answered
5 answered 10 and
6 all 7 4
7 4 8 questions
8 questions 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 participants
10 and 15 %
11 15 12 participants
13 ( 15 %
14 27.2 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 presented 18 recurrent

question 1 ( do you think [you] may fall in the next few months ? [ )(was associated with the occurrence of recurrent [falls] according to relative risk [ 3.88 ( ci95 %:1.48 - 10.09 ) ] and survival curves ( log rank , [p] 0.004 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 question 2 1
1 question 18 associated
2 1 4 do
2 1 17 )(was
3 ( 4 do
4 do 5 you
4 do 8 may
4 do 15 ?
5 you 6 think
6 think 8 may
8 may 9 fall
9 fall 10 in
10 in 14 months
11 the 12 next
11 the 13 few
13 few 14 months
17 )(was 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 21 occurrence
20 the 21 occurrence
21 occurrence 22 of
22 of 38 and
23 recurrent 25 according
25 according 26 to
25 according 38 and
26 to 28 risk
27 relative 28 risk
28 risk 30 3.88
29 [ 30 3.88
30 3.88 33 %:1.48
30 3.88 35 10.09
30 3.88 37 ]
31 ( 33 %:1.48
32 ci95 33 %:1.48
33 %:1.48 34 -
34 - 35 10.09
35 10.09 36 )
38 and 40 curves
38 and 43 rank
39 survival 40 curves
41 ( 43 rank
42 log 43 rank
43 rank 46 0.004
43 rank 47 )
44 , 46 0.004
46 0.004 47 )

[such] [relationship] is maintained [over] time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
3 is 6 time
4 maintained 6 time

cox - regression also showed significant difference [in] relation to the answer for question [1] and recurrent [falls] [ hazard ratio 4.044 ( ci : 1.410 - 11.597 ) ; [p] 0.009 []] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 cox 2 -
1 cox 3 regression
3 regression 5 showed
4 also 5 showed
5 showed 9 relation
5 showed 10 to
6 significant 7 difference
7 difference 9 relation
10 to 12 answer
11 the 12 answer
12 answer 13 for
13 for 16 and
14 question 16 and
16 and 17 recurrent
16 and 21 ratio
19 [ 21 ratio
20 hazard 21 ratio
21 ratio 22 4.044
21 ratio 24 ci
21 ratio 25 :
23 ( 24 ci
24 ci 25 :
25 : 26 1.410
25 : 30 ;
26 1.410 28 11.597
27 - 28 11.597
28 11.597 29 )
30 ; 32 0.009

sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive values ( [question] 1 ) were 53.3 % ( ci95 %:28.1 - 78.6 ) , 84.2 % ( ci95 %:72.6 - 95.8 ) , 57.1 % ( ci95 %:31.2 - 83.1 ) , [and] 82.1 % ( ci95 %:70.0 - 94.1 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
1 sensitivity 2 ,
2 , 3 specificity
2 , 4 ,
4 , 5 positive
4 , 6 and
6 and 9 values
6 and 12 1
6 and 14 were
7 negative 9 values
8 predictive 9 values
10 ( 12 1
12 1 13 )
14 were 16 %
14 were 52 respectively
15 53.3 16 %
16 % 19 %:28.1
17 ( 19 %:28.1
18 ci95 19 %:28.1
19 %:28.1 21 78.6
19 %:28.1 25 %
19 %:28.1 51 ,
20 - 21 78.6
21 78.6 22 )
23 , 25 %
24 84.2 25 %
25 % 28 %:72.6
25 % 50 )
26 ( 28 %:72.6
27 ci95 28 %:72.6
28 %:72.6 30 95.8
28 %:72.6 34 %
28 %:72.6 44 %
28 %:72.6 50 )
29 - 30 95.8
30 95.8 31 )
32 , 34 %
33 57.1 34 %
34 % 37 %:31.2
34 % 41 ,
35 ( 37 %:31.2
36 ci95 37 %:31.2
37 %:31.2 39 83.1
37 %:31.2 40 )
38 - 39 83.1
39 83.1 40 )
41 , 44 %
43 82.1 44 %
44 % 48 -
44 % 50 )
45 ( 48 -
46 ci95 47 %:70.0
47 %:70.0 48 -
48 - 49 94.1
48 - 50 )
51 , 52 respectively
52 respectively 53 .

conclusions : patients ' self - perceived risk [of] falling is related to [recurrent] falls amongst people with a high risk of falling and this parameter might be useful in falling risk evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 self
3 patients 4 '
4 ' 5 self
6 - 8 risk
6 - 15 falls
7 perceived 8 risk
8 risk 10 falling
8 risk 13 to
8 risk 15 falls
10 falling 11 is
11 is 12 related
12 related 13 to
15 falls 16 amongst
16 amongst 17 people
17 people 18 with
18 with 33 evaluation
19 a 20 high
19 a 33 evaluation
20 high 21 risk
21 risk 22 of
21 risk 27 might
22 of 24 and
23 falling 24 and
24 and 26 parameter
25 this 26 parameter
27 might 28 be
28 be 29 useful
29 useful 30 in
30 in 31 falling
32 risk 33 evaluation

objective : to evaluate the correlation between chronological and biological age by comparing the normograms of afc , amh , and fsh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 correlation
4 evaluate 7 between
4 evaluate 12 by
5 the 6 correlation
7 between 11 age
8 chronological 9 and
9 and 10 biological
9 and 11 age
12 by 13 comparing
13 comparing 15 normograms
14 the 15 normograms
15 normograms 16 of
16 of 22 fsh
17 afc 19 amh
18 , 19 amh
19 amh 20 ,
19 amh 21 and
21 and 22 fsh
22 fsh 23 .

design : retrospective study setting : data were taken from patients who visited the infertility clinic at dr [.] cipto mangunkusumo general hospital jakarta , indonesia , between january 2008 and december 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 setting
3 retrospective 4 study
4 study 5 setting
6 : 7 data
6 : 9 taken
6 : 34 .
7 data 8 were
8 were 9 taken
9 taken 10 from
9 taken 17 at
9 taken 28 between
10 from 11 patients
11 patients 12 who
11 patients 13 visited
12 who 13 visited
13 visited 16 clinic
14 the 16 clinic
15 infertility 16 clinic
17 at 24 jakarta
18 dr 20 cipto
20 cipto 21 mangunkusumo
21 mangunkusumo 22 general
22 general 24 jakarta
23 hospital 24 jakarta
24 jakarta 26 indonesia
25 , 26 indonesia
26 indonesia 27 ,
28 between 31 and
29 january 30 2008
29 january 31 and
31 and 32 december
32 december 33 2010

patient ( s ) : infertile women who visited the infertility clinic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 patient 3 s
1 patient 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 7 women
6 infertile 7 women
7 women 8 who
7 women 9 visited
8 who 9 visited
9 visited 12 clinic
10 the 12 clinic
11 infertility 12 clinic

intervention ( s ) : none . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 intervention 3 s
1 intervention 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 none

main outcome measure ( s ) : normogram of afc ( n = 366 ) , amh ( n = 1616 ) and fsh ( n = 415 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measure
3 measure 5 s
3 measure 7 :
4 ( 5 s
5 s 6 )
7 : 8 normogram
7 : 27 =
8 normogram 9 of
9 of 23 and
10 afc 13 =
10 afc 16 ,
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 366
13 = 15 )
16 , 17 amh
16 , 23 and
17 amh 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 n 20 =
20 = 21 1616
20 = 22 )
23 and 24 fsh
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 415
27 = 29 )

result ( s ) : the correlations among afc , amh , fsh , and age are statistically significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 result 3 s
1 result 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 7 correlations
6 the 7 correlations
7 correlations 8 among
8 among 9 afc
10 , 15 and
10 , 17 are
11 amh 13 fsh
12 , 13 fsh
13 fsh 14 ,
13 fsh 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 age
15 and 17 are
17 are 19 significant
18 statistically 19 significant

normograms of afc and amh with 3rd , 10th , 25th , 50th , 75th , 90th , and 97th percentiles showed a decrease in age where fsh increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 normograms 2 of
1 normograms 4 and
2 of 3 afc
4 and 5 amh
4 and 6 with
4 and 22 showed
6 with 21 percentiles
7 3rd 8 ,
8 , 9 10th
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 25th
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 50th
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 75th
14 , 16 ,
16 , 17 90th
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 97th
19 and 21 percentiles
22 showed 24 decrease
22 showed 25 in
22 showed 27 where
23 a 24 decrease
25 in 26 age
27 where 28 fsh
27 where 29 increased
28 fsh 29 increased

a cut [-] off value of afc , amh , and fsh for poor responders was plotted at the 50th percentile of each normogram . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 plotted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 cut
2 cut 4 off
2 cut 6 of
2 cut 16 was
4 off 5 value
6 of 12 fsh
7 afc 9 amh
8 , 9 amh
9 amh 10 ,
9 amh 11 and
11 and 12 fsh
12 fsh 13 for
13 for 15 responders
14 poor 15 responders
16 was 17 plotted
17 plotted 18 at
18 at 21 percentile
19 the 21 percentile
20 50th 21 percentile
21 percentile 22 of
22 of 24 normogram
23 each 24 normogram

serum amh and afc started to decline in women between 34 and 35 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 afc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 started
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 serum 2 amh
2 amh 3 and
3 and 4 afc
4 afc 5 started
5 started 6 to
5 started 7 decline
6 to 7 decline
7 decline 8 in
8 in 9 women
9 women 12 and
9 women 15 old
10 between 12 and
11 34 12 and
12 and 13 35
14 years 15 old

we found a relatively lower slope increase of fsh in older patients compared to that of afc and amh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 7 increase
2 found 10 in
2 found 14 to
3 a 7 increase
4 relatively 5 lower
5 lower 6 slope
6 slope 7 increase
7 increase 8 of
8 of 9 fsh
10 in 12 patients
11 older 12 patients
12 patients 13 compared
14 to 18 and
15 that 16 of
15 that 18 and
16 of 17 afc
18 and 19 amh

fsh was observed to be a later predictor of biological age [than] amh and afc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fsh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
1 fsh 2 was
2 was 3 observed
3 observed 4 to
4 to 5 be
5 be 8 predictor
6 a 8 predictor
7 later 8 predictor
8 predictor 9 of
9 of 15 afc
10 biological 11 age
11 age 15 afc
13 amh 14 and
14 and 15 afc
15 afc 16 .

conclusion ( s ) : amh predicted biological age earlier than fsh or afc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 conclusion 3 s
1 conclusion 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 9 age
5 : 10 earlier
5 : 11 than
6 amh 7 predicted
7 predicted 9 age
8 biological 9 age
11 than 13 or
12 fsh 13 or
13 or 14 afc

normograms can provide a reference guide for physicians to counsel infertile women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 normograms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 normograms 2 can
2 can 3 provide
3 provide 6 guide
3 provide 9 to
4 a 6 guide
5 reference 6 guide
6 guide 7 for
7 for 8 physicians
9 to 10 counsel
10 counsel 12 women
11 infertile 12 women

however , future validation with longitudinal data is still needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 validation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 validation
3 future 4 validation
4 validation 5 with
4 validation 8 is
5 with 7 data
6 longitudinal 7 data
8 is 10 needed
9 still 10 needed

head and neck paragangliomas , rare neoplasms of the paraganglia composed of nests of neurosecretory and glial cells embedded in vascular stroma , provide a remarkable example of organoid tumor architecture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 head 2 and
2 and 4 paragangliomas
2 and 16 and
2 and 24 provide
3 neck 4 paragangliomas
5 , 16 and
6 rare 7 neoplasms
7 neoplasms 8 of
7 neoplasms 16 and
8 of 10 paraganglia
9 the 10 paraganglia
10 paraganglia 11 composed
10 paraganglia 12 of
10 paraganglia 14 of
12 of 13 nests
14 of 15 neurosecretory
16 and 18 cells
16 and 19 embedded
16 and 23 ,
17 glial 18 cells
19 embedded 20 in
20 in 22 stroma
21 vascular 22 stroma
24 provide 27 example
25 a 26 remarkable
25 a 27 example
26 remarkable 27 example
27 example 28 of
28 of 31 architecture
29 organoid 31 architecture
30 tumor 31 architecture

to identify genes and pathways commonly deregulated in head [and] neck paraganglioma , we integrated high - density [genome] - wide copy number variation ( cnv ) analysis with microrna and immunomorphological studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 integrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 2 identify
1 to 13 ,
1 to 14 we
2 identify 4 and
2 identify 8 in
3 genes 4 and
4 and 5 pathways
4 and 7 deregulated
6 commonly 7 deregulated
8 in 12 paraganglioma
9 head 12 paraganglioma
11 neck 12 paraganglioma
14 we 15 integrated
15 integrated 31 and
16 high 18 density
16 high 28 analysis
17 - 18 density
18 density 24 variation
18 density 27 )
20 - 24 variation
21 wide 22 copy
22 copy 24 variation
23 number 24 variation
24 variation 26 cnv
24 variation 27 )
25 ( 26 cnv
26 cnv 27 )
28 analysis 29 with
28 analysis 31 and
29 with 30 microrna
31 and 33 studies
32 immunomorphological 33 studies

gene - centric cnv analysis of 24 cases identified a list of 104 genes most significantly targeted by tumor [-] associated alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 - 5 analysis
2 - 9 identified
3 centric 5 analysis
4 cnv 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 of
5 analysis 9 identified
6 of 8 cases
7 24 8 cases
9 identified 11 list
10 a 11 list
11 list 12 of
11 list 18 by
12 of 14 genes
13 104 14 genes
14 genes 17 targeted
15 most 16 significantly
16 significantly 17 targeted
18 by 22 alterations
19 tumor 21 associated
21 associated 22 alterations

the " notch signaling pathway " was the most significantly enriched term in the list ( p = 0.002 after bonferroni or benjamini correction ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 "
1 the 5 pathway
3 notch 5 pathway
4 signaling 5 pathway
5 pathway 6 "
5 pathway 7 was
7 was 12 term
8 the 12 term
9 most 10 significantly
10 significantly 11 enriched
11 enriched 12 term
12 term 13 in
12 term 20 after
13 in 15 list
14 the 15 list
15 list 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.002
20 after 22 or
21 bonferroni 22 or
22 or 24 correction
22 or 25 )
23 benjamini 24 correction

expression of the relevant notch pathway proteins in sustentacular [(] glial [ )(, chief ( neuroendocrine ) [and] endothelial cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in 47 head and neck paraganglioma cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 expression 2 of
1 expression 21 was
2 of 7 proteins
3 the 7 proteins
4 relevant 7 proteins
5 notch 7 proteins
6 pathway 7 proteins
7 proteins 8 in
8 in 20 cells
9 sustentacular 20 cells
11 glial 13 )(,
11 glial 20 cells
14 chief 16 neuroendocrine
14 chief 17 )
14 chief 20 cells
15 ( 16 neuroendocrine
16 neuroendocrine 17 )
19 endothelial 20 cells
21 was 28 and
22 confirmed 23 by
22 confirmed 25 in
22 confirmed 27 head
22 confirmed 28 and
23 by 24 immunohistochemistry
25 in 26 47
28 and 29 neck
29 neck 31 cases
30 paraganglioma 31 cases

there were no relationships between level and pattern of notch1/jag2 protein expression and germline mutation status in the sdh genes , implicated in paraganglioma [predisposition] , or the presence/absence of immunostaining for sdhb , a surrogate marker of sdh mutations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 13 and
3 no 13 and
4 relationships 5 between
4 relationships 7 and
5 between 6 level
7 and 8 pattern
7 and 9 of
7 and 13 and
9 of 12 expression
10 notch1/jag2 11 protein
11 protein 12 expression
13 and 16 status
13 and 17 in
13 and 22 implicated
14 germline 16 status
15 mutation 16 status
17 in 20 genes
18 the 20 genes
19 sdh 20 genes
21 , 22 implicated
22 implicated 23 in
22 implicated 32 for
22 implicated 41 .
23 in 27 or
24 paraganglioma 27 or
26 , 27 or
27 or 29 presence/absence
27 or 30 of
28 the 29 presence/absence
30 of 31 immunostaining
32 for 33 sdhb
33 sdhb 37 marker
34 , 37 marker
35 a 37 marker
36 surrogate 37 marker
37 marker 38 of
37 marker 41 .
38 of 40 mutations
39 sdh 40 mutations

interestingly , notch upregulation was observed also in cases with no evidence of cnvs at notch signaling genes , suggesting altered epigenetic modulation of this pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 upregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 upregulation
3 notch 4 upregulation
4 upregulation 5 was
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 7 also
6 observed 8 in
6 observed 10 with
6 observed 15 at
8 in 9 cases
10 with 12 evidence
11 no 12 evidence
12 evidence 13 of
13 of 14 cnvs
15 at 16 notch
16 notch 17 signaling
16 notch 20 suggesting
17 signaling 18 genes
19 , 20 suggesting
20 suggesting 23 modulation
20 suggesting 27 .
21 altered 23 modulation
22 epigenetic 23 modulation
23 modulation 24 of
24 of 26 pathway
25 this 26 pathway

to address this issue [we] performed microarray - based microrna expression analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 7 microarray
3 this 7 microarray
4 issue 6 performed
6 performed 7 microarray
8 - 12 analyses
9 based 11 expression
10 microrna 11 expression
11 expression 12 analyses

notably 5 micrornas ( mir - 200a,b,c and mir - 34b,c ) , including those most downregulated in the tumors , correlated to notch signaling and directly targeted notch1 in in vitro [experiments] using sh - sy5y neuroblastoma cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 micrornas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
1 notably 3 micrornas
2 5 3 micrornas
3 micrornas 8 and
3 micrornas 26 and
4 ( 8 and
5 mir 6 -
5 mir 7 200a,b,c
7 200a,b,c 8 and
8 and 11 34b,c
8 and 12 )
8 and 14 including
8 and 21 ,
9 mir 10 -
9 mir 11 34b,c
13 , 14 including
14 including 15 those
14 including 21 ,
15 those 16 most
15 those 17 downregulated
16 most 17 downregulated
17 downregulated 18 in
18 in 20 tumors
19 the 20 tumors
22 correlated 23 to
22 correlated 26 and
23 to 24 notch
24 notch 25 signaling
26 and 28 targeted
27 directly 28 targeted
28 targeted 29 notch1
29 notch1 30 in
29 notch1 39 cells
30 in 34 using
31 in 32 vitro
32 vitro 34 using
34 using 35 sh
36 - 39 cells
37 sy5y 39 cells
38 neuroblastoma 39 cells
39 cells 40 .

furthermore , lentiviral transduction of [mir] - 200 s and [mir] - 34 s in patient - derived primary tympano - jugular paraganglioma cell cultures was associated with notch1 downregulation and increased levels of markers of cell toxicity and cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 transduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 transduction
3 lentiviral 4 transduction
4 transduction 5 of
4 transduction 26 was
5 of 10 and
7 - 8 200
8 200 9 s
9 s 10 and
10 and 14 s
10 and 15 in
12 - 13 34
13 34 14 s
15 in 25 cultures
16 patient 17 -
16 patient 19 primary
18 derived 19 primary
19 primary 25 cultures
20 tympano 21 -
20 tympano 24 cell
22 jugular 24 cell
23 paraganglioma 24 cell
24 cell 25 cultures
26 was 31 and
27 associated 28 with
27 associated 31 and
28 with 30 downregulation
29 notch1 30 downregulation
31 and 32 increased
31 and 33 levels
33 levels 34 of
34 of 35 markers
35 markers 36 of
36 of 39 and
37 cell 38 toxicity
38 toxicity 39 and
39 and 41 death
40 cell 41 death

taken together , our results provide an integrated view of common molecular alterations associated with head [and] neck paraganglioma and reveal an essential role of notch pathway deregulation in this tumor type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 results
4 our 5 results
5 results 20 and
6 provide 9 view
6 provide 20 and
7 an 9 view
8 integrated 9 view
9 view 10 of
10 of 13 alterations
11 common 13 alterations
12 molecular 13 alterations
13 alterations 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 19 paraganglioma
16 head 18 neck
18 neck 19 paraganglioma
20 and 21 reveal
20 and 28 deregulation
21 reveal 24 role
22 an 24 role
23 essential 24 role
24 role 25 of
25 of 26 notch
27 pathway 28 deregulation
28 deregulation 29 in
29 in 32 type
30 this 32 type
31 tumor 32 type

objective : brain tissue integrity is highly heritable , and its decline is a common phenomenon of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 integrity
2 : 6 is
2 : 10 and
2 : 19 .
3 brain 5 integrity
4 tissue 5 integrity
5 integrity 6 is
6 is 8 heritable
7 highly 8 heritable
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 decline
10 and 13 is
11 its 12 decline
12 decline 13 is
13 is 16 phenomenon
14 a 15 common
14 a 16 phenomenon
15 common 16 phenomenon
16 phenomenon 17 of
17 of 18 ageing

this study aimed to determine whether the phenotype of familial longevity is marked by a relative preservation of brain tissue microstructure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 17 preservation
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 6 whether
6 whether 8 phenotype
6 whether 13 marked
7 the 8 phenotype
8 phenotype 9 of
8 phenotype 12 is
9 of 11 longevity
10 familial 11 longevity
12 is 13 marked
13 marked 14 by
14 by 16 relative
15 a 16 relative
17 preservation 18 of
18 of 21 microstructure
19 brain 21 microstructure
20 tissue 21 microstructure

methods : participants were enrolled in the leiden longevity study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 5 enrolled
2 : 11 .
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 enrolled
5 enrolled 6 in
6 in 10 study
7 the 10 study
8 leiden 9 longevity
9 longevity 10 study

in total , 185 middle - aged to elderly offspring of nonagenarian siblings , who were enriched for familial factors of longevity , were contrasted with 171 [environment] - and age - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 185
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 middle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 total
2 total 3 ,
2 total 4 185
4 185 5 middle
5 middle 7 aged
5 middle 34 controls
6 - 7 aged
7 aged 8 to
7 aged 32 -
8 to 10 offspring
9 elderly 10 offspring
10 offspring 11 of
11 of 13 siblings
12 nonagenarian 13 siblings
13 siblings 15 who
14 , 15 who
15 who 23 ,
15 who 32 -
16 were 17 enriched
16 were 23 ,
17 enriched 18 for
18 for 20 factors
19 familial 20 factors
20 factors 21 of
21 of 22 longevity
23 , 30 and
24 were 25 contrasted
24 were 30 and
25 contrasted 26 with
26 with 27 171
29 - 30 and
30 and 31 age
33 matched 34 controls

all subjects underwent 3 t whole brain magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 underwent
3 underwent 12 imaging
4 3 5 t
5 t 12 imaging
6 whole 7 brain
7 brain 12 imaging
8 magnetic 9 resonance
9 resonance 12 imaging
10 diffusion 12 imaging
11 tensor 12 imaging

results : voxel - wise analysis revealed widespread age - related decrease of white matter fractional anisotropy and increases of axial , radial , and mean diffusivity ( [all] p < 0.003 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 voxel
3 voxel 9 age
4 - 9 age
5 wise 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 revealed
7 revealed 9 age
8 widespread 9 age
9 age 10 -
10 - 11 related
11 related 18 and
11 related 31 <
11 related 34 .
12 decrease 13 of
12 decrease 18 and
13 of 17 anisotropy
14 white 15 matter
15 matter 17 anisotropy
16 fractional 17 anisotropy
18 and 19 increases
18 and 20 of
20 of 27 diffusivity
21 axial 22 ,
22 , 23 radial
22 , 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 mean
25 and 27 diffusivity
28 ( 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.003
31 < 33 )

when differences in white matter diffusion parameters between offspring and control subjects were assessed voxel - wise , offspring showed higher white matter fractional anisotropy and lower white matter radial diffusivity [predominantly] in the callosal genu and body ( [both] p < 0.003 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 when 2 differences
1 when 5 matter
1 when 10 and
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 5 matter
3 in 4 white
6 diffusion 7 parameters
7 parameters 8 between
7 parameters 10 and
8 between 9 offspring
10 and 11 control
10 and 12 subjects
10 and 13 were
10 and 14 assessed
12 subjects 13 were
14 assessed 19 offspring
14 assessed 20 showed
15 voxel 16 -
15 voxel 19 offspring
17 wise 18 ,
17 wise 19 offspring
19 offspring 20 showed
20 showed 23 matter
20 showed 25 anisotropy
20 showed 26 and
21 higher 22 white
22 white 23 matter
24 fractional 25 anisotropy
26 and 31 diffusivity
27 lower 28 white
28 white 29 matter
29 matter 31 diffusivity
30 radial 31 diffusivity
31 diffusivity 33 in
33 in 37 and
34 the 36 genu
35 callosal 36 genu
36 genu 37 and
37 and 38 body
37 and 42 <
39 ( 42 <
41 p 42 <
42 < 43 0.003
42 < 44 )

with the effect of chronological age on white matter microstructure taken into account , offspring can be considered 4.5 years " biologically younger " compared [to] control subjects with regard to white matter integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 offspring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 with 3 effect
1 with 14 ,
1 with 15 offspring
2 the 3 effect
3 effect 4 of
4 of 6 age
5 chronological 6 age
6 age 7 on
7 on 10 microstructure
8 white 10 microstructure
9 matter 10 microstructure
10 microstructure 11 taken
11 taken 13 account
12 into 13 account
15 offspring 16 can
16 can 17 be
17 be 18 considered
18 considered 20 years
19 4.5 20 years
20 years 21 "
20 years 27 control
20 years 28 subjects
22 biologically 27 control
23 younger 24 "
23 younger 27 control
25 compared 27 control
27 control 28 subjects
28 subjects 29 with
28 subjects 34 integrity
29 with 30 regard
30 regard 31 to
31 to 33 matter
32 white 33 matter

interpretation : both middle - aged to elderly offspring of nonagenarian siblings and control subjects show common age - related decline [of] white matter integrity , but it is less marked in the callosal genu and body in the offspring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 interpretation 2 :
2 : 4 middle
3 both 4 middle
4 middle 6 aged
4 middle 25 integrity
5 - 6 aged
6 aged 7 to
6 aged 19 -
7 to 13 and
8 elderly 9 offspring
9 offspring 10 of
9 offspring 13 and
10 of 12 siblings
11 nonagenarian 12 siblings
13 and 18 age
14 control 18 age
15 subjects 18 age
16 show 18 age
17 common 18 age
20 related 21 decline
21 decline 25 integrity
23 white 25 integrity
24 matter 25 integrity
26 , 27 but
27 but 28 it
27 but 31 marked
28 it 29 is
29 is 30 less
29 is 31 marked
31 marked 32 in
31 marked 38 in
32 in 36 and
33 the 35 genu
34 callosal 35 genu
35 genu 36 and
36 and 37 body
38 in 40 offspring
39 the 40 offspring

this corresponds to a biological age benefit of 4.5 years of the offspring as compared to the control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 corresponds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 corresponds
2 corresponds 3 to
2 corresponds 16 to
3 to 7 benefit
4 a 5 biological
4 a 7 benefit
5 biological 6 age
6 age 7 benefit
7 benefit 8 of
7 benefit 11 of
8 of 10 years
9 4.5 10 years
11 of 13 offspring
12 the 13 offspring
13 offspring 15 compared
14 as 15 compared
16 to 19 subjects
17 the 19 subjects
18 control 19 subjects

avanafil ( stendra ™ , spedra ™ , zepeeed ™ ) is an oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ™
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 avanafil 3 stendra
2 ( 3 stendra
3 stendra 4 ™
4 ™ 7 ™
4 ™ 12 is
5 , 7 ™
6 spedra 7 ™
7 ™ 10 ™
7 ™ 11 )
8 , 10 ™
9 zepeeed 10 ™
10 ™ 11 )
12 is 18 inhibitor
12 is 20 for
13 an 18 inhibitor
14 oral 18 inhibitor
15 phosphodiesterase 16 type
16 type 18 inhibitor
17 5 18 inhibitor
18 inhibitor 19 indicated
20 for 22 treatment
21 the 22 treatment
22 treatment 23 of
23 of 25 dysfunction
24 erectile 25 dysfunction

avanafil is rapidly absorbed after oral administration , with a median time to maximum plasma concentration of 30 to 45 min . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 avanafil
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 absorbed
1 avanafil 2 is
2 is 3 rapidly
2 is 4 absorbed
4 absorbed 5 after
4 absorbed 9 with
5 after 7 administration
6 oral 7 administration
8 , 9 with
9 with 12 time
10 a 12 time
11 median 12 time
12 time 13 to
13 to 16 concentration
14 maximum 15 plasma
15 plasma 16 concentration
16 concentration 17 of
17 of 21 min
18 30 19 to
19 to 20 45
19 to 21 min
21 min 22 .

in a 12 [-] week , randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled , multicentre trial in patients with erectile dysfunction , avanafil 50 , 100 and 200 mg recipients had significantly greater improvements from baseline than placebo recipients in mean international index of erectile dysfunction - erectile function domain scores and [in] successful vaginal penetration and sexual intercourse attempts ( coprimary endpoints ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 double
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 in 5 week
1 in 9 double
2 a 5 week
3 12 5 week
5 week 7 randomized
6 , 7 randomized
7 randomized 8 ,
10 - 13 placebo
10 - 16 ,
11 blind 12 ,
11 blind 13 placebo
13 placebo 15 controlled
14 - 15 controlled
16 , 17 multicentre
17 multicentre 18 trial
17 multicentre 19 in
17 multicentre 21 with
19 in 20 patients
21 with 23 dysfunction
21 with 29 and
22 erectile 23 dysfunction
23 dysfunction 25 avanafil
24 , 25 avanafil
25 avanafil 26 50
25 avanafil 27 ,
28 100 29 and
29 and 30 200
30 200 31 mg
31 mg 32 recipients
32 recipients 33 had
33 had 36 improvements
33 had 37 from
33 had 39 than
34 significantly 35 greater
35 greater 36 improvements
37 from 38 baseline
39 than 41 recipients
39 than 45 index
39 than 46 of
40 placebo 41 recipients
41 recipients 42 in
41 recipients 45 index
42 in 44 international
43 mean 44 international
46 of 48 dysfunction
47 erectile 48 dysfunction
48 dysfunction 59 and
49 - 59 and
50 erectile 51 function
51 function 53 scores
52 domain 53 scores
53 scores 54 and
54 and 58 penetration
54 and 59 and
56 successful 58 penetration
57 vaginal 58 penetration
59 and 60 sexual
59 and 61 intercourse
59 and 62 attempts
59 and 65 endpoints
59 and 67 .
61 intercourse 62 attempts
63 ( 65 endpoints
64 coprimary 65 endpoints
65 endpoints 66 )

treatment effects were significantly larger in avanafil 100 and 200 mg recipients than 50 mg recipients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 treatment 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 5 larger
4 significantly 5 larger
5 larger 6 in
5 larger 13 than
6 in 9 and
7 avanafil 8 100
7 avanafil 9 and
9 and 12 recipients
10 200 11 mg
11 mg 12 recipients
13 than 16 recipients
14 50 15 mg
15 mg 16 recipients

for avanafil recipients , approximately two [-] thirds of attempts at sexual intercourse that were made prior to 15 min , or more than 6 h , after drug administration were successful , compared with approximately one - quarter of attempts made during these time periods by placebo recipients . 
1 for 3 recipients
1 for 4 ,
1 for 8 thirds
2 avanafil 3 recipients
5 approximately 8 thirds
6 two 8 thirds
8 thirds 9 of
8 thirds 14 that
8 thirds 15 were
8 thirds 16 made
9 of 10 attempts
10 attempts 11 at
11 at 13 intercourse
12 sexual 13 intercourse
14 that 15 were
16 made 17 prior
17 prior 18 to
17 prior 22 or
18 to 19 15
20 min 22 or
21 , 22 or
22 or 23 more
22 or 24 than
22 or 28 after
22 or 34 compared
24 than 26 h
25 6 26 h
27 , 28 after
28 after 30 administration
28 after 31 were
28 after 33 ,
29 drug 30 administration
30 administration 31 were
31 were 32 successful
33 , 34 compared
34 compared 35 with
35 with 37 one
36 approximately 37 one
37 one 39 quarter
38 - 39 quarter
39 quarter 40 of
39 quarter 42 made
39 quarter 50 .
40 of 41 attempts
42 made 43 during
42 made 47 by
43 during 46 periods
44 these 46 periods
45 time 46 periods
47 by 49 recipients
48 placebo 49 recipients

in trials in patients with erectile dysfunction in association with diabetes mellitus , and after nerve - sparing radical prostatectomy , avanafil 100 or 200 [mg] was significantly more efficacious than placebo for primary and most secondary endpoints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 sparing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 trials
1 in 14 and
2 trials 3 in
2 trials 5 with
2 trials 9 association
2 trials 10 with
3 in 4 patients
5 with 7 dysfunction
6 erectile 7 dysfunction
8 in 9 association
10 with 12 mellitus
11 diabetes 12 mellitus
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 after
14 and 17 -
14 and 18 sparing
15 after 16 nerve
18 sparing 22 avanafil
18 sparing 27 was
19 radical 22 avanafil
20 prostatectomy 21 ,
20 prostatectomy 22 avanafil
22 avanafil 24 or
23 100 24 or
24 or 25 200
27 was 28 significantly
27 was 30 efficacious
29 more 30 efficacious
30 efficacious 31 than
30 efficacious 33 for
31 than 32 placebo
33 for 38 endpoints
34 primary 35 and
35 and 37 secondary
35 and 38 endpoints
36 most 37 secondary

avanafil was generally well tolerated in the [above] [-] mentioned studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 avanafil
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 avanafil 2 was
2 was 3 generally
2 was 4 well
4 well 5 tolerated
5 tolerated 6 in
6 in 11 studies
7 the 11 studies
10 mentioned 11 studies

in a pooled analysis of three clinical trials , ≤2 % [of] avanafil and placebo recipients discontinued treatment because of adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 recipients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 discontinued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 16 recipients
2 a 4 analysis
3 pooled 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
5 of 14 and
6 three 8 trials
7 clinical 8 trials
8 trials 9 ,
9 , 13 avanafil
9 , 14 and
10 ≤2 13 avanafil
11 % 13 avanafil
14 and 15 placebo
16 recipients 17 discontinued
17 discontinued 18 treatment
17 discontinued 19 because
19 because 20 of
20 of 22 events
21 adverse 22 events

during extended treatment with avanafil for >52 weeks , 2.8 % of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse reactions and [there] were no drug - related serious adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 during 3 treatment
1 during 9 ,
1 during 11 %
2 extended 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 with
4 with 5 avanafil
5 avanafil 6 for
6 for 8 weeks
7 >52 8 weeks
10 2.8 11 %
11 % 12 of
11 % 20 and
12 of 13 patients
14 discontinued 15 treatment
14 discontinued 16 because
14 discontinued 20 and
16 because 17 of
17 of 19 reactions
18 adverse 19 reactions
20 and 22 were
22 were 24 drug
23 no 24 drug
25 - 26 related
26 related 29 events
26 related 30 .
27 serious 29 events
28 adverse 29 events

a deeper understanding of brain macrostructure and its associations with cognition in persons who are considered cognitively healthy is critical to the early detection of persons at risk of developing dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 3 understanding
2 deeper 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 10 with
3 understanding 12 in
3 understanding 16 considered
3 understanding 19 is
4 of 7 and
5 brain 6 macrostructure
6 macrostructure 7 and
7 and 9 associations
8 its 9 associations
10 with 11 cognition
12 in 13 persons
13 persons 14 who
13 persons 15 are
14 who 15 are
16 considered 17 cognitively
16 considered 18 healthy
19 is 20 critical
20 critical 21 to
20 critical 27 at
21 to 24 detection
22 the 24 detection
23 early 24 detection
24 detection 25 of
25 of 26 persons
27 at 28 risk
28 risk 29 of
29 of 30 developing
30 developing 31 dementia

few studies have examined the associations of all three gray - matter macrostructural brain indices ( volume , thickness , surface area ) with age and cognition , in the same persons who are over the age of 65 and do not have cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 40 and
3 have 4 examined
3 have 40 and
4 examined 6 associations
4 examined 24 with
5 the 6 associations
6 associations 7 of
7 of 15 indices
8 all 9 three
9 three 15 indices
10 gray 11 -
10 gray 12 matter
12 matter 15 indices
13 macrostructural 14 brain
14 brain 15 indices
15 indices 17 volume
15 indices 19 thickness
16 ( 17 volume
17 volume 18 ,
18 , 19 thickness
19 thickness 22 area
19 thickness 23 )
20 , 22 area
21 surface 22 area
22 area 23 )
24 with 26 and
25 age 26 and
26 and 27 cognition
26 and 28 ,
26 and 29 in
26 and 38 of
29 in 32 persons
30 the 31 same
31 same 32 persons
32 persons 33 who
32 persons 34 are
33 who 34 are
34 are 35 over
35 over 37 age
36 the 37 age
38 of 39 65
40 and 41 do
41 do 42 not
41 do 43 have
43 have 45 impairment
44 cognitive 45 impairment

we performed automated morphometric reconstruction of total gray matter , cortical gray matter , subcortical gray matter and 84 individual regions in 186 persons ( 60 % over the age of 80 ) without cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 5 reconstruction
3 automated 5 reconstruction
4 morphometric 5 reconstruction
5 reconstruction 6 of
6 of 9 matter
7 total 8 gray
8 gray 9 matter
10 , 18 and
11 cortical 12 gray
12 gray 13 matter
13 matter 14 ,
14 , 17 matter
14 , 18 and
15 subcortical 17 matter
16 gray 17 matter
18 and 21 regions
18 and 22 in
18 and 34 without
19 84 21 regions
20 individual 21 regions
22 in 24 persons
23 186 24 persons
24 persons 27 %
25 ( 27 %
26 60 27 %
27 % 28 over
27 % 31 of
27 % 33 )
28 over 30 age
29 the 30 age
31 of 32 80
34 without 36 impairment
35 cognitive 36 impairment

morphometric measures were scaled and expressed as [difference] per decade of age and an adjusted score was created to identify those regions in which there was greater atrophy per decade of age compared to cortical or subcortical brain averages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 morphometric
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 compared
1 morphometric 2 measures
1 morphometric 5 and
1 morphometric 7 as
1 morphometric 11 of
1 morphometric 17 was
2 measures 3 were
3 were 5 and
4 scaled 5 and
5 and 6 expressed
7 as 9 per
9 per 10 decade
11 of 13 and
12 age 13 and
13 and 16 score
14 an 16 score
15 adjusted 16 score
17 was 18 created
18 created 19 to
19 to 20 identify
20 identify 21 those
21 those 22 regions
21 those 33 compared
22 regions 23 in
22 regions 33 compared
23 in 24 which
23 in 25 there
23 in 26 was
25 there 26 was
26 was 28 atrophy
27 greater 28 atrophy
28 atrophy 29 per
28 atrophy 31 of
29 per 30 decade
31 of 32 age
33 compared 34 to
34 to 36 or
35 cortical 36 or
36 or 39 averages
36 or 40 .
37 subcortical 38 brain
38 brain 39 averages

the results showed that there is substantial total volume loss and cortical thinning in cognitively healthy older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 5 there
3 showed 6 is
5 there 6 is
6 is 11 and
7 substantial 8 total
8 total 10 loss
9 volume 10 loss
10 loss 11 and
11 and 12 cortical
11 and 13 thinning
13 thinning 14 in
14 in 18 persons
15 cognitively 16 healthy
16 healthy 18 persons
17 older 18 persons

thinning was more widespread than volume loss , but volume loss , particularly in temporoparietal and hippocampal regions , was more strongly associated with cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thinning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thinning 19 ,
2 was 4 widespread
2 was 19 ,
3 more 4 widespread
4 widespread 5 than
4 widespread 13 particularly
5 than 7 loss
6 volume 7 loss
7 loss 9 but
8 , 9 but
9 but 11 loss
9 but 12 ,
10 volume 11 loss
13 particularly 14 in
14 in 18 regions
15 temporoparietal 16 and
16 and 17 hippocampal
16 and 18 regions
19 , 20 was
20 was 23 associated
21 more 22 strongly
22 strongly 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 25 cognition

in a recent review article , selman and colleagues ( trends ecol evol 27:570 - 577 , 2012 ) discuss the status quo of the oxidative stress theory of aging ( osta ) and how it links to life history evolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 577
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 8 and
1 in 16 577
2 a 5 article
3 recent 4 review
4 review 5 article
5 article 6 ,
6 , 7 selman
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 colleagues
8 and 14 27:570
10 ( 14 27:570
11 trends 12 ecol
12 ecol 13 evol
13 evol 14 27:570
14 27:570 15 -
16 577 18 2012
16 577 20 discuss
17 , 18 2012
18 2012 19 )
20 discuss 23 quo
20 discuss 38 to
21 the 23 quo
22 status 23 quo
23 quo 24 of
23 quo 36 it
23 quo 37 links
24 of 34 and
25 the 28 theory
26 oxidative 28 theory
27 stress 28 theory
28 theory 29 of
28 theory 34 and
29 of 30 aging
30 aging 32 osta
31 ( 32 osta
32 osta 33 )
34 and 35 how
36 it 37 links
38 to 41 evolution
39 life 40 history
40 history 41 evolution

they suggest that the osta should be tested in wild populations which might show effects masked in laboratory settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 they 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 5 osta
3 that 8 tested
4 the 5 osta
5 osta 6 should
6 should 7 be
7 be 8 tested
8 tested 9 in
9 in 11 populations
10 wild 11 populations
11 populations 12 which
11 populations 13 might
12 which 13 might
13 might 14 show
14 show 15 effects
15 effects 16 masked
16 masked 17 in
17 in 19 settings
18 laboratory 19 settings

we disagree with their propositions for several reasons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disagree
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 disagree
2 disagree 3 with
3 with 5 propositions
4 their 5 propositions
5 propositions 6 for
6 for 8 reasons
7 several 8 reasons

we argue that there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are not causally linked with aging and that ros do not play a straightforward role in shaping life history evolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 21 and
2 argue 3 that
2 argue 20 aging
2 argue 21 and
3 that 4 there
3 that 5 is
5 is 7 evidence
6 increasing 7 evidence
7 evidence 11 species
7 evidence 20 aging
8 that 9 reactive
9 reactive 11 species
10 oxygen 11 species
11 species 13 ros
11 species 15 are
12 ( 13 ros
13 ros 14 )
15 are 16 not
15 are 18 linked
17 causally 18 linked
18 linked 19 with
19 with 20 aging
21 and 26 play
22 that 23 ros
23 ros 24 do
24 do 25 not
24 do 26 play
26 play 29 role
26 play 30 in
27 a 29 role
28 straightforward 29 role
30 in 31 shaping
31 shaping 34 evolution
32 life 34 evolution
33 history 34 evolution

we propose that laboratory animals and semi - wild [populations] rather than wild animals are suited best to test any hypothesized effect of reactive oxygen species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 6 and
3 that 16 suited
4 laboratory 5 animals
5 animals 6 and
6 and 7 semi
6 and 8 -
6 and 9 wild
6 and 15 are
9 wild 12 than
11 rather 12 than
12 than 14 animals
13 wild 14 animals
15 are 16 suited
16 suited 17 best
16 suited 18 to
18 to 19 test
19 test 20 any
19 test 21 hypothesized
20 any 21 hypothesized
21 hypothesized 22 effect
22 effect 23 of
23 of 26 species
24 reactive 25 oxygen
25 oxygen 26 species

this is because data from controlled manipulative experiments rather [than] observational correlations are preferred to solve this issue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 because
3 because 4 data
3 because 14 preferred
4 data 5 from
4 data 14 preferred
5 from 8 experiments
6 controlled 8 experiments
7 manipulative 8 experiments
8 experiments 12 correlations
8 experiments 13 are
9 rather 11 observational
11 observational 12 correlations
12 correlations 13 are
14 preferred 15 to
14 preferred 16 solve
15 to 16 solve
16 solve 18 issue
17 this 18 issue

in addition , nonconventional model organisms will be useful in answering [the] question how relevant the osta could be for life history evolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 organisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 organisms
4 nonconventional 5 model
5 model 6 organisms
6 organisms 7 will
6 organisms 11 answering
6 organisms 13 question
7 will 8 be
8 be 9 useful
9 useful 10 in
10 in 11 answering
13 question 14 how
14 how 15 relevant
15 relevant 19 be
15 relevant 20 for
16 the 17 osta
17 osta 18 could
18 could 19 be
20 for 23 evolution
21 life 23 evolution
22 history 23 evolution

neurocognitive disorders are a feared complication of hiv infection , especially in the post - antiretroviral era [as] patients are living longer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 neurocognitive 2 disorders
2 disorders 3 are
3 are 6 complication
4 a 6 complication
5 feared 6 complication
6 complication 7 of
7 of 9 infection
8 hiv 9 infection
10 , 19 patients
10 , 20 are
11 especially 19 patients
12 in 14 post
12 in 15 -
12 in 19 patients
13 the 14 post
16 antiretroviral 17 era
17 era 19 patients
19 patients 20 are
20 are 21 living
21 living 22 longer

these disorders are challenging in terms of diagnosis and treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 2 disorders
2 disorders 3 are
3 are 4 challenging
4 challenging 5 in
5 in 6 terms
6 terms 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 diagnosis 9 and
9 and 10 treatment

the clinical syndrome has evolved , driven in part by comorbidities such as aging , drug abuse , psychiatric illnesses , and a metabolic syndrome associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 syndrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 syndrome
2 clinical 3 syndrome
3 syndrome 4 has
4 has 6 ,
5 evolved 6 ,
6 , 7 driven
6 , 9 part
6 , 13 as
8 in 9 part
9 part 10 by
10 by 11 comorbidities
12 such 13 as
13 as 22 and
14 aging 15 ,
15 , 17 abuse
15 , 18 ,
16 drug 17 abuse
18 , 20 illnesses
18 , 22 and
19 psychiatric 20 illnesses
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 syndrome
22 and 26 associated
22 and 30 of
23 a 24 metabolic
23 a 25 syndrome
24 metabolic 25 syndrome
26 associated 27 with
27 with 29 use
28 the 29 use
30 of 32 drugs
31 antiretroviral 32 drugs

additionally some individuals may develop a fulminant immune reconstitution syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 additionally 3 individuals
2 some 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 may
4 may 5 develop
5 develop 10 syndrome
6 a 7 fulminant
6 a 10 syndrome
7 fulminant 9 reconstitution
8 immune 9 reconstitution
9 reconstitution 10 syndrome

hence , treatment of these patients needs to be individualized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 of
3 treatment 7 needs
4 of 6 patients
5 these 6 patients
7 needs 8 to
7 needs 10 individualized
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 individualized

the focus of research in the hiv field has recently switched towards elimination of the hiv reservoir as a means of combating long - term hiv complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 switched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 focus
2 focus 3 of
2 focus 9 has
3 of 4 research
4 research 5 in
5 in 8 field
6 the 8 field
7 hiv 8 field
9 has 11 switched
10 recently 11 switched
11 switched 12 towards
11 switched 18 as
12 towards 13 elimination
13 elimination 14 of
14 of 17 reservoir
15 the 17 reservoir
16 hiv 17 reservoir
18 as 20 means
19 a 20 means
20 means 21 of
21 of 22 combating
22 combating 27 complications
23 long 24 -
23 long 25 term
25 term 27 complications
26 hiv 27 complications

however , these approaches may be suitable for limited populations and might not be applicable once the hiv reservoir has been established in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 approaches
3 these 4 approaches
4 approaches 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 suitable
7 suitable 8 for
8 for 11 and
9 limited 10 populations
9 limited 11 and
11 and 12 might
12 might 13 not
12 might 14 be
14 be 15 applicable
15 applicable 16 once
16 once 19 reservoir
16 once 22 established
17 the 19 reservoir
18 hiv 19 reservoir
19 reservoir 20 has
20 has 21 been
21 been 22 established
22 established 23 in
23 in 25 brain
24 the 25 brain

further , all clinical trials using neuroprotective or anti - inflammatory drugs for treatment of hiv - associated neurocognitive disorders have been unsuccessful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 5 trials
3 all 5 trials
4 clinical 5 trials
5 trials 6 using
5 trials 21 have
6 using 8 or
7 neuroprotective 8 or
8 or 20 disorders
9 anti 12 drugs
9 anti 17 -
9 anti 20 disorders
10 - 12 drugs
11 inflammatory 12 drugs
12 drugs 13 for
12 drugs 15 of
12 drugs 17 -
13 for 14 treatment
15 of 16 hiv
18 associated 20 disorders
19 neurocognitive 20 disorders
21 have 22 been
22 been 23 unsuccessful

hence , neurological complications of hiv infection are the biggest challenge facing hiv researchers , and there is a critical need to develop new diagnostics and approaches for treatment of these disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 4 complications
3 neurological 4 complications
4 complications 5 of
4 complications 8 are
5 of 7 infection
6 hiv 7 infection
8 are 11 challenge
9 the 10 biggest
9 the 11 challenge
11 challenge 12 facing
12 facing 14 researchers
13 hiv 14 researchers
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 there
16 and 18 is
17 there 18 is
18 is 21 need
18 is 22 to
19 a 20 critical
19 a 21 need
20 critical 21 need
22 to 26 and
23 develop 25 diagnostics
23 develop 26 and
24 new 25 diagnostics
26 and 27 approaches
27 approaches 28 for
28 for 29 treatment
29 treatment 30 of
30 of 32 disorders
31 these 32 disorders

the objective of this study was to compare the demographic and vascular characteristics and apoe genotypes [of] a dysexecutive subgroup of alzheimer disease ( ad ) with an amnestic subgroup of ad early in the disease course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 compare
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 13 characteristics
9 the 13 characteristics
10 demographic 11 and
11 and 12 vascular
11 and 13 characteristics
14 and 15 apoe
14 and 16 genotypes
15 apoe 16 genotypes
16 genotypes 20 subgroup
16 genotypes 27 with
18 a 19 dysexecutive
18 a 20 subgroup
19 dysexecutive 20 subgroup
20 subgroup 21 of
20 subgroup 25 ad
21 of 23 disease
22 alzheimer 23 disease
24 ( 25 ad
25 ad 26 )
27 with 30 subgroup
28 an 30 subgroup
29 amnestic 30 subgroup
30 subgroup 31 of
31 of 32 ad
32 ad 33 early
33 early 34 in
34 in 37 course
35 the 37 course
36 disease 37 course

a total of 2224 participants from the national alzheimer 's coordinating center database who carried a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment ( n=1188 ) or mild ad ( clinical dementia rating ≤1 ) ( n=1036 ) were included in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 from
2 total 18 of
2 total 25 or
3 of 5 participants
4 2224 5 participants
6 from 13 database
7 the 9 alzheimer
8 national 9 alzheimer
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 13 database
11 coordinating 13 database
12 center 13 database
13 database 14 who
13 database 15 carried
14 who 15 carried
15 carried 17 diagnosis
16 a 17 diagnosis
18 of 21 impairment
19 mild 21 impairment
20 cognitive 21 impairment
21 impairment 23 n=1188
22 ( 23 n=1188
23 n=1188 24 )
25 or 27 ad
25 or 32 ≤1
25 or 35 n=1036
25 or 37 were
26 mild 27 ad
28 ( 32 ≤1
29 clinical 31 rating
30 dementia 31 rating
31 rating 32 ≤1
32 ≤1 33 )
34 ( 35 n=1036
35 n=1036 36 )
37 were 38 included
38 included 39 in
39 in 41 study
40 this 41 study

a subset of the mild cognitive impairment ( n=61 ) and mild ad ( n=79 ) participants underwent an autopsy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 subset
2 subset 3 of
2 subset 11 and
3 of 7 impairment
4 the 7 impairment
5 mild 7 impairment
6 cognitive 7 impairment
7 impairment 9 n=61
8 ( 9 n=61
9 n=61 10 )
11 and 13 ad
11 and 15 n=79
11 and 17 participants
12 mild 13 ad
14 ( 15 n=79
15 n=79 16 )
17 participants 18 underwent
18 underwent 20 autopsy
19 an 20 autopsy

a dysexecutive subgroup ( n=587 ) was defined as having executive performance >1 sd worse than memory performance , and an amnestic subgroup ( n=549 ) was defined [conversely] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subgroup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 dysexecutive
1 a 3 subgroup
2 dysexecutive 3 subgroup
3 subgroup 5 n=587
3 subgroup 7 was
4 ( 5 n=587
5 n=587 6 )
7 was 8 defined
8 defined 9 as
8 defined 15 worse
9 as 14 sd
10 having 11 executive
11 executive 12 performance
12 performance 13 >1
13 >1 14 sd
15 worse 16 than
16 than 18 performance
17 memory 18 performance
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 subgroup
20 and 28 defined
21 an 22 amnestic
21 an 23 subgroup
22 amnestic 23 subgroup
23 subgroup 25 n=549
23 subgroup 27 was
24 ( 25 n=549
25 n=549 26 )
27 was 28 defined

among the autopsy subset , the odds of an ad pathologic diagnosis were compared in the 2 subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 among 4 subset
1 among 5 ,
1 among 7 odds
2 the 4 subset
3 autopsy 4 subset
6 the 7 odds
7 odds 8 of
7 odds 13 were
8 of 12 diagnosis
9 an 12 diagnosis
10 ad 12 diagnosis
11 pathologic 12 diagnosis
13 were 14 compared
14 compared 15 in
15 in 18 subgroups
16 the 17 2
17 2 18 subgroups

the demographics , apoe [ latin small letter open e ]4 status , and vascular risk factors were compared in the 2 subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 demographics
2 demographics 3 ,
3 , 4 apoe
3 , 14 and
4 apoe 12 status
5 [ 12 status
6 latin 11 ]4
7 small 8 letter
8 letter 9 open
9 open 10 e
9 open 11 ]4
11 ]4 12 status
12 status 13 ,
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 factors
14 and 18 were
15 vascular 17 factors
16 risk 17 factors
18 were 19 compared
19 compared 20 in
20 in 23 subgroups
21 the 22 2
22 2 23 subgroups

among the autopsy subset , the odds of having an ad pathologic diagnosis did not differ between the dysexecutive and amnestic subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 among 4 subset
1 among 5 ,
1 among 7 odds
2 the 4 subset
3 autopsy 4 subset
6 the 7 odds
7 odds 8 of
7 odds 14 did
8 of 9 having
9 having 13 diagnosis
10 an 13 diagnosis
11 ad 13 diagnosis
12 pathologic 13 diagnosis
14 did 15 not
14 did 16 differ
16 differ 17 between
17 between 22 subgroups
18 the 22 subgroups
19 dysexecutive 20 and
20 and 21 amnestic
20 and 22 subgroups

under an additive model , participants in the dysexecutive subgroup possessed the apoe [ latin small letter open e ]4 allele less frequently compared with those in the amnestic subgroup . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 possessed
1 under 4 model
1 under 5 ,
1 under 6 participants
2 an 4 model
3 additive 4 model
6 participants 7 in
6 participants 11 possessed
7 in 10 subgroup
8 the 10 subgroup
9 dysexecutive 10 subgroup
11 possessed 13 apoe
12 the 13 apoe
13 apoe 21 allele
14 [ 21 allele
15 latin 21 allele
16 small 17 letter
17 letter 18 open
18 open 19 e
18 open 21 allele
20 ]4 21 allele
21 allele 24 compared
21 allele 31 .
22 less 23 frequently
23 frequently 24 compared
24 compared 25 with
24 compared 27 in
25 with 26 those
27 in 30 subgroup
28 the 30 subgroup
29 amnestic 30 subgroup

the dysexecutive subgroup had a history [of] hypertension less frequently compared with the amnestic subgroup . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subgroup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 subgroup
2 dysexecutive 3 subgroup
3 subgroup 4 had
4 had 8 hypertension
5 a 6 history
5 a 8 hypertension
6 history 8 hypertension
8 hypertension 11 compared
9 less 10 frequently
10 frequently 11 compared
11 compared 12 with
12 with 15 subgroup
13 the 15 subgroup
14 amnestic 15 subgroup

these distinct characteristics add to accumulating evidence that a dysexecutive subgroup of ad may have a unique underlying pathophysiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 3 characteristics
2 distinct 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 add
4 add 5 to
5 to 6 accumulating
6 accumulating 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 that
8 that 11 subgroup
8 that 15 have
9 a 10 dysexecutive
9 a 11 subgroup
10 dysexecutive 11 subgroup
11 subgroup 12 of
11 subgroup 14 may
12 of 13 ad
14 may 15 have
15 have 19 pathophysiology
16 a 19 pathophysiology
17 unique 19 pathophysiology
18 underlying 19 pathophysiology

vascular calcifications and bone health seem to be etiologically linked via common risk factors such as aging and subclinical chronic inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 vascular 2 calcifications
2 calcifications 3 and
3 and 5 health
3 and 6 seem
4 bone 5 health
6 seem 7 to
6 seem 10 linked
7 to 8 be
8 be 10 linked
9 etiologically 10 linked
10 linked 11 via
10 linked 16 as
11 via 14 factors
12 common 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 and
17 aging 18 and
18 and 21 inflammation
19 subclinical 21 inflammation
20 chronic 21 inflammation

epidemiologic studies have shown significant associations between low bone mineral density ( bmd ) , fragility fractures and calcifications of the coronary arteries and the abdominal aorta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 epidemiologic 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 6 associations
4 shown 7 between
5 significant 6 associations
7 between 11 density
8 low 11 density
9 bone 11 density
10 mineral 11 density
11 density 13 bmd
12 ( 13 bmd
13 bmd 14 )
15 , 24 and
16 fragility 18 and
16 fragility 20 of
16 fragility 24 and
17 fractures 18 and
18 and 19 calcifications
20 of 23 arteries
21 the 23 arteries
22 coronary 23 arteries
24 and 27 aorta
25 the 27 aorta
26 abdominal 27 aorta

in the last decade , high - resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( hr - pqct ) has emerged as in [-] [vivo] research [tool] for the assessment of peripheral bone geometry , density , and microarchitecture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 tomography
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 4 decade
1 in 12 tomography
2 the 3 last
2 the 4 decade
5 , 6 high
6 high 7 -
6 high 12 tomography
8 resolution 12 tomography
9 peripheral 12 tomography
10 quantitative 12 tomography
11 computed 12 tomography
12 tomography 14 hr
12 tomography 16 pqct
12 tomography 18 has
13 ( 14 hr
14 hr 15 -
15 - 16 pqct
16 pqct 17 )
18 has 19 emerged
19 emerged 20 as
20 as 21 in
21 in 24 research
24 research 26 for
24 research 29 of
26 for 28 assessment
27 the 28 assessment
29 of 32 geometry
30 peripheral 31 bone
31 bone 32 geometry
33 , 36 and
34 density 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 microarchitecture

although vascular calcifications are frequently observed as incidental findings in hr - pqct scans , they have not yet been incorporated into quantitative hr - pqct analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 pqct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 scans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 pqct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 3 calcifications
1 although 6 observed
1 although 12 -
1 although 13 pqct
2 vascular 3 calcifications
3 calcifications 4 are
4 are 5 frequently
4 are 6 observed
6 observed 7 as
6 observed 10 in
7 as 9 findings
8 incidental 9 findings
10 in 11 hr
13 pqct 14 scans
15 , 16 they
15 , 21 incorporated
15 , 25 -
16 they 17 have
17 have 18 not
17 have 20 been
19 yet 20 been
20 been 21 incorporated
21 incorporated 22 into
22 into 24 hr
23 quantitative 24 hr
25 - 26 pqct
26 pqct 27 analyses

we developed a semi - automated algorithm to quantify lower leg arterial calcifications ( llacs ) , captured by hr - pqct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 pqct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 developed
2 developed 7 algorithm
2 developed 8 to
3 a 4 semi
3 a 7 algorithm
4 semi 5 -
4 semi 7 algorithm
6 automated 7 algorithm
8 to 9 quantify
9 quantify 13 calcifications
10 lower 11 leg
11 leg 13 calcifications
12 arterial 13 calcifications
13 calcifications 15 llacs
13 calcifications 18 captured
14 ( 15 llacs
15 llacs 16 )
17 , 18 captured
18 captured 19 by
18 captured 21 -
19 by 20 hr
21 - 22 pqct

the objective of our study was to determine validity and reliability of the llac measure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 our 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 and
9 validity 10 and
10 and 11 reliability
10 and 12 of
12 of 15 measure
13 the 15 measure
14 llac 15 measure

hr - pqct [scans] were downscaled to a voxel size of 250 μm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pqct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 downscaled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 hr 2 -
1 hr 3 pqct
3 pqct 5 were
5 were 6 downscaled
6 downscaled 7 to
7 to 10 size
8 a 9 voxel
8 a 10 size
9 voxel 10 size
10 size 11 of
11 of 13 μm
12 250 13 μm

after subtraction of bone volumes [from] [the] scans , llacs were detected and contoured by a semi - automated , dual - threshold seed - point segmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 llacs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
1 after 2 subtraction
1 after 8 scans
1 after 9 ,
1 after 10 llacs
2 subtraction 3 of
2 subtraction 8 scans
3 of 5 volumes
4 bone 5 volumes
10 llacs 11 were
11 were 13 and
12 detected 13 and
13 and 14 contoured
13 and 15 by
15 by 17 semi
16 a 17 semi
17 semi 19 automated
18 - 19 automated
19 automated 20 ,
20 , 24 seed
20 , 25 -
21 dual 22 -
21 dual 23 threshold
23 threshold 24 seed
25 - 26 point
25 - 28 .
26 point 27 segmentation

llac mass ( in [mg] hydroxyapatite ; ha [ )(was calculated as the product of voxel - based calcification volume [(] [mm] ( 3 ) ) and mean calcification density ( mgha/cm ( 3 ) )/1000 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 llac
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
1 llac 2 mass
2 mass 4 in
3 ( 4 in
4 in 6 hydroxyapatite
4 in 7 ;
7 ; 8 ha
7 ; 11 calculated
8 ha 10 )(was
10 )(was 11 calculated
11 calculated 12 as
12 as 27 and
13 the 14 product
14 product 15 of
14 product 27 and
15 of 16 voxel
16 voxel 20 volume
17 - 20 volume
18 based 19 calcification
19 calcification 20 volume
20 volume 24 3
20 volume 26 )
23 ( 24 3
24 3 25 )
27 and 30 density
27 and 36 )/1000
28 mean 29 calcification
29 calcification 30 density
31 ( 36 )/1000
32 mgha/cm 34 3
32 mgha/cm 36 )/1000
33 ( 34 3
34 3 35 )
36 )/1000 37 .

to determine validity , we compared llacs to coronary artery calcifications ( cacs ) , [as] quantified by multi - detector computed tomography ( mdct ) and agatston scoring in forty - six patients on chronic hemodialysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 to 2 determine
1 to 4 ,
1 to 5 we
2 determine 3 validity
5 we 6 compared
6 compared 27 and
7 llacs 8 to
7 llacs 27 and
8 to 11 calcifications
9 coronary 11 calcifications
10 artery 11 calcifications
11 calcifications 13 cacs
11 calcifications 17 quantified
12 ( 13 cacs
13 cacs 14 )
15 , 17 quantified
17 quantified 18 by
17 quantified 26 )
18 by 23 tomography
19 multi 20 -
19 multi 21 detector
21 detector 22 computed
22 computed 23 tomography
23 tomography 25 mdct
24 ( 25 mdct
25 mdct 26 )
27 and 28 agatston
28 agatston 29 scoring
29 scoring 30 in
29 scoring 35 on
30 in 34 patients
31 forty 32 -
32 - 33 six
32 - 34 patients
35 on 37 hemodialysis
36 chronic 37 hemodialysis

moreover , we investigated associations of llacs with age , time on dialysis , type - 2 diabetes mellitus , history [of] stroke , and myocardial infarction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 associations
4 investigated 8 with
5 associations 6 of
6 of 7 llacs
8 with 9 age
9 age 11 time
10 , 11 time
11 time 12 on
11 time 14 ,
12 on 13 dialysis
14 , 15 type
15 type 25 and
16 - 17 2
17 2 25 and
18 diabetes 19 mellitus
19 mellitus 20 ,
20 , 23 stroke
20 , 25 and
21 history 23 stroke
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 infarction
26 myocardial 27 infarction

in a second step , we determined [intra] - and inter [-] reader reliability of the llac measure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 4 step
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 a 4 step
3 second 4 step
6 we 10 and
7 determined 10 and
9 - 10 and
10 and 11 inter
10 and 14 reliability
11 inter 13 reader
14 reliability 15 of
15 of 18 measure
16 the 18 measure
17 llac 18 measure

in the validity study [,] llacs were present ( >0mgha ) in 76 % of patients , 78 % of patients had cacs ( >0mgha ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 19 %
2 the 4 study
3 validity 4 study
4 study 6 llacs
4 study 8 present
4 study 10 >0mgha
6 llacs 7 were
7 were 8 present
9 ( 10 >0mgha
10 >0mgha 11 )
12 in 14 %
12 in 17 ,
12 in 19 %
13 76 14 %
14 % 15 of
15 of 16 patients
18 78 19 %
19 % 20 of
19 % 22 had
20 of 21 patients
22 had 23 cacs
23 cacs 25 >0mgha
24 ( 25 >0mgha
25 >0mgha 26 )

median llac was 6.65 ( 0.08 - 24.40 )mgha and median cac [as] expressed by agatston score [was] 266.3 ( 15.88 - 1877.28 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 llac
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
1 median 2 llac
2 llac 3 was
3 was 4 6.65
4 6.65 10 and
5 ( 10 and
6 0.08 7 -
7 - 8 24.40
7 - 9 )mgha
9 )mgha 10 and
10 and 12 cac
10 and 15 by
10 and 22 -
10 and 25 .
11 median 12 cac
12 cac 14 expressed
15 by 17 score
16 agatston 17 score
17 score 19 266.3
20 ( 22 -
21 15.88 22 -
22 - 23 1877.28
22 - 24 )

we found a significant positive correlation between llac and cac ( rho=0.6 ; p<0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 p<0.01
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 )(
1 we 2 found
2 found 6 correlation
2 found 7 between
3 a 4 significant
3 a 6 correlation
4 significant 6 correlation
5 positive 6 correlation
7 between 9 and
8 llac 9 and
9 and 10 cac
10 cac 12 rho=0.6
11 ( 12 rho=0.6
12 rho=0.6 13 ;
13 ; 14 p<0.01

llac was positively correlated with time on dialysis ( rho=0.337 , p=0.029 ) , there was a trend towards a positive association of llac and age ( rho=0.289 , p=0.053 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 llac
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 llac 2 was
2 was 3 positively
2 was 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
5 with 6 time
5 with 7 on
7 on 8 dialysis
8 dialysis 10 rho=0.337
8 dialysis 12 p=0.029
9 ( 10 rho=0.337
10 rho=0.337 11 ,
11 , 12 p=0.029
12 p=0.029 13 )
14 , 15 there
14 , 16 was
15 there 16 was
16 was 18 trend
16 was 19 towards
17 a 18 trend
19 towards 22 association
20 a 21 positive
20 a 22 association
21 positive 22 association
22 association 23 of
22 association 28 rho=0.289
23 of 25 and
24 llac 25 and
25 and 26 age
27 ( 28 rho=0.289
28 rho=0.289 30 p=0.053
28 rho=0.289 31 )
29 , 30 p=0.053
30 p=0.053 31 )

the reliability study yielded excellent [intra] - [and] inter - reader agreement of the llac measure [(] [intra] - reader icc=0.999 , 95 % ci=0.998 - 1.000 ; inter [-] reader icc=0.998 , 95 % ci=0.994 - 0.999 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 yielded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 the 3 study
2 reliability 3 study
3 study 4 yielded
4 yielded 5 excellent
7 - 9 inter
7 - 28 ;
7 - 40 .
9 inter 19 -
9 inter 25 ci=0.998
10 - 19 -
11 reader 12 agreement
12 agreement 13 of
12 agreement 19 -
13 of 16 measure
14 the 16 measure
15 llac 16 measure
19 - 21 icc=0.999
19 - 22 ,
20 reader 21 icc=0.999
23 95 25 ci=0.998
24 % 25 ci=0.998
25 ci=0.998 27 1.000
26 - 27 1.000
27 1.000 28 ;
28 ; 29 inter
29 inter 32 icc=0.998
31 reader 32 icc=0.998
32 icc=0.998 36 ci=0.994
33 , 36 ci=0.994
34 95 36 ci=0.994
35 % 36 ci=0.994
36 ci=0.994 38 0.999
36 ci=0.994 39 )
37 - 38 0.999
38 0.999 39 )

our study indicates that the llac measure has good validity and excellent reliability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 indicates
3 indicates 4 that
4 that 7 measure
4 that 8 has
5 the 7 measure
6 llac 7 measure
7 measure 8 has
8 has 11 and
9 good 10 validity
10 validity 11 and
11 and 13 reliability
12 excellent 13 reliability

the use of hr - pqct for the simultaneous evaluation of arterial calcifications , peripheral bone geometry , bone density , and bone microarchitecture should facilitate future research on osteo - vascular interactions and potential associations with cardiovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 22 and
3 of 4 hr
4 hr 6 pqct
4 hr 20 density
5 - 6 pqct
6 pqct 7 for
6 pqct 18 ,
7 for 10 evaluation
8 the 10 evaluation
9 simultaneous 10 evaluation
10 evaluation 11 of
10 evaluation 17 geometry
11 of 13 calcifications
12 arterial 13 calcifications
14 , 17 geometry
15 peripheral 17 geometry
16 bone 17 geometry
17 geometry 18 ,
18 , 20 density
19 bone 20 density
20 density 21 ,
22 and 24 microarchitecture
22 and 25 should
23 bone 24 microarchitecture
25 should 26 facilitate
26 facilitate 28 research
26 facilitate 29 on
26 facilitate 37 with
27 future 28 research
29 on 34 and
30 osteo 31 -
30 osteo 33 interactions
32 vascular 33 interactions
33 interactions 34 and
34 and 36 associations
35 potential 36 associations
37 with 39 events
38 cardiovascular 39 events

within the next few decades , the number of older drivers operating a vehicle will increase rapidly [(] eurostat , 2011 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 drivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 within 5 decades
1 within 6 ,
1 within 11 drivers
2 the 3 next
2 the 4 few
4 few 5 decades
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 11 drivers
9 of 11 drivers
10 older 11 drivers
11 drivers 12 operating
11 drivers 15 will
12 operating 14 vehicle
13 a 14 vehicle
15 will 16 increase
16 increase 17 rapidly
16 increase 19 eurostat
19 eurostat 21 2011
20 , 21 2011
21 2011 22 )

as age [increases] so does physical vulnerability , age - related impairments , and the risk of being involved in [a] fatal crashes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 as 2 age
1 as 5 does
1 as 8 ,
1 as 9 age
2 age 5 does
4 so 5 does
5 does 7 vulnerability
6 physical 7 vulnerability
10 - 11 related
11 related 14 and
11 related 24 .
12 impairments 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 risk
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 risk
17 of 18 being
18 being 19 involved
19 involved 20 in
20 in 23 crashes
22 fatal 23 crashes

older drivers experience problems in driving situations that require divided attention and decision making under time pressure as reflected by their overrepresentation [in] at [-] fault crashes on intersections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 older 2 drivers
2 drivers 3 experience
3 experience 4 problems
3 experience 5 in
3 experience 15 under
3 experience 18 as
5 in 6 driving
6 driving 7 situations
7 situations 8 that
7 situations 9 require
8 that 9 require
9 require 12 and
10 divided 11 attention
11 attention 12 and
12 and 13 decision
12 and 14 making
15 under 17 pressure
16 time 17 pressure
18 as 19 reflected
19 reflected 20 by
19 reflected 24 at
20 by 22 overrepresentation
21 their 22 overrepresentation
24 at 27 crashes
26 fault 27 crashes
27 crashes 28 on
28 on 29 intersections

advanced driver assistance systems ( adas ) especially designed to support older drivers crossing intersections might counteract these difficulties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 driver
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 counteract
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 advanced 2 driver
2 driver 6 adas
2 driver 9 designed
2 driver 16 might
3 assistance 4 systems
4 systems 6 adas
5 ( 6 adas
6 adas 7 )
6 adas 9 designed
8 especially 9 designed
9 designed 10 to
9 designed 11 support
10 to 11 support
11 support 13 drivers
12 older 13 drivers
13 drivers 14 crossing
14 crossing 15 intersections
16 might 17 counteract
17 counteract 19 difficulties
18 these 19 difficulties

in a longer - term driving simulator study , the effects of an intersection assistant on driving were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 5 term
1 in 9 ,
1 in 11 effects
2 a 5 term
3 longer 4 -
3 longer 5 term
5 term 6 driving
6 driving 8 study
7 simulator 8 study
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
11 effects 18 were
12 of 15 assistant
13 an 14 intersection
13 an 15 assistant
14 intersection 15 assistant
15 assistant 16 on
16 on 17 driving
18 were 19 evaluated

in order to test the intersection assistance , eight intersections were depicted for further analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 intersections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 depicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 8 ,
1 in 10 intersections
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 test
3 to 4 test
4 test 7 assistance
5 the 7 assistance
6 intersection 7 assistance
9 eight 10 intersections
10 intersections 11 were
11 were 12 depicted
12 depicted 13 for
13 for 15 analyses
14 further 15 analyses

results show that adas affects driving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 4 adas
3 that 5 affects
4 adas 5 affects
5 affects 6 driving

equipped with adas , drivers allocated more attention to the road center rather than the left and right , crossed intersections in shorter time , engaged in higher speeds , and crossed more often with a critical time - to [-] collision ( ttc ) value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 drivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 allocated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 equipped 2 with
1 equipped 4 ,
1 equipped 5 drivers
2 with 3 adas
5 drivers 6 allocated
6 allocated 8 attention
6 allocated 9 to
6 allocated 14 than
7 more 8 attention
9 to 12 center
10 the 12 center
11 road 12 center
13 rather 14 than
14 than 17 and
15 the 16 left
16 left 17 and
17 and 18 right
19 , 31 and
20 crossed 21 intersections
20 crossed 22 in
20 crossed 26 engaged
20 crossed 31 and
22 in 24 time
23 shorter 24 time
25 , 26 engaged
26 engaged 27 in
26 engaged 30 ,
27 in 29 speeds
28 higher 29 speeds
31 and 32 crossed
32 crossed 34 often
32 crossed 35 with
32 crossed 46 value
33 more 34 often
35 with 38 time
36 a 37 critical
36 a 38 time
37 critical 38 time
38 time 40 to
39 - 40 to
40 to 42 collision
40 to 45 )
42 collision 44 ttc
43 ( 44 ttc
44 ttc 45 )

the implications of results are discussed in terms of behavioral adaptation and safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 implications
2 implications 3 of
2 implications 5 are
3 of 4 results
5 are 6 discussed
6 discussed 7 in
7 in 8 terms
8 terms 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 behavioral 11 adaptation
11 adaptation 12 and
12 and 13 safety

background & aims : obesity is associated with barrett 's esophagus ( be ) and with changes in circulating levels of adipokines ( leptin and adiponectin ) and cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 &
2 & 3 aims
4 : 5 obesity
4 : 7 associated
4 : 30 .
5 obesity 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 15 and
8 with 11 esophagus
8 with 15 and
9 barrett 10 's
10 's 11 esophagus
11 esophagus 13 be
12 ( 13 be
13 be 14 )
15 and 16 with
16 with 28 and
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 28 and
18 in 19 circulating
19 circulating 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 22 adipokines
22 adipokines 25 and
23 ( 25 and
24 leptin 25 and
25 and 26 adiponectin
25 and 27 )
28 and 29 cytokines

although studies have reported that adipokines and inflammatory cytokines are necessary for the development of be , their role is controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 although 2 studies
1 although 4 reported
1 although 17 ,
1 although 19 role
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 reported
4 reported 5 that
5 that 7 and
5 that 10 are
6 adipokines 7 and
7 and 9 cytokines
7 and 10 are
8 inflammatory 9 cytokines
10 are 11 necessary
11 necessary 12 for
12 for 14 development
13 the 14 development
14 development 15 of
15 of 16 be
18 their 19 role
19 role 20 is
20 is 21 controversial

methods : we performed a case - control study ; cases ( n = 141 ) were patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and were found to have be , which was based on endoscopy and histology , and controls ( n = 139 ) were primary care patients eligible for screening colonoscopies who agreed to undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
2 : 7 -
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 6 case
5 a 6 case
7 - 9 study
7 - 10 ;
8 control 9 study
10 ; 11 cases
11 cases 14 =
11 cases 17 were
12 ( 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 141
14 = 16 )
17 were 18 patients
18 patients 19 who
18 patients 22 and
19 who 22 and
20 underwent 21 esophagogastroduodenoscopy
20 underwent 22 and
22 and 37 and
23 were 24 found
23 were 37 and
24 found 25 to
24 found 27 be
25 to 26 have
27 be 29 which
28 , 29 which
29 which 30 was
29 which 36 ,
30 was 31 based
31 based 32 on
32 on 34 and
33 endoscopy 34 and
34 and 35 histology
37 and 55 undergo
38 controls 41 =
38 controls 44 were
39 ( 41 =
40 n 41 =
41 = 42 139
41 = 43 )
44 were 47 patients
44 were 54 to
45 primary 46 care
46 care 47 patients
47 patients 48 eligible
47 patients 52 who
47 patients 53 agreed
48 eligible 49 for
49 for 50 screening
50 screening 51 colonoscopies
52 who 53 agreed
54 to 55 undergo
55 undergo 56 esophagogastroduodenoscopy

we examined the association between be and circulating levels of adipokines and cytokines ( interleukin [ il ] - 1β , il - 6 , il - 8 , il - 10 , and il - 12p70 [;] tumor necrosis factor - α [;] and interferon - [γ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 association
2 examined 5 between
3 the 4 association
5 between 7 and
6 be 7 and
7 and 8 circulating
7 and 9 levels
7 and 20 1β
7 and 22 il
9 levels 10 of
9 levels 15 interleukin
9 levels 20 1β
10 of 12 and
11 adipokines 12 and
12 and 13 cytokines
14 ( 15 interleukin
15 interleukin 17 il
15 interleukin 19 -
16 [ 17 il
17 il 18 ]
21 , 22 il
22 il 26 il
22 il 49 )
23 - 26 il
24 6 26 il
25 , 26 il
26 il 28 8
26 il 34 and
26 il 49 )
27 - 28 8
28 8 29 ,
29 , 34 and
30 il 32 10
30 il 34 and
31 - 32 10
32 10 33 ,
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 il
34 and 45 and
34 and 47 -
35 il 37 12p70
36 - 37 12p70
37 12p70 40 necrosis
37 12p70 41 factor
37 12p70 42 -
39 tumor 40 necrosis
40 necrosis 41 factor
42 - 45 and
43 α 45 and
45 and 46 interferon
45 and 47 -

cases and controls were compared by calculating odds ratios ( ors [ )(and 95 % confidence intervals ( cis ) and using unadjusted and multiple logistic regression , adjusting for age , sex , race , waist - hip ratio , use of proton pump inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs , and helicobacter pylori infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
1 cases 2 and
2 and 3 controls
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 compared
5 compared 6 by
6 by 7 calculating
7 calculating 9 ratios
8 odds 9 ratios
9 ratios 24 and
10 ( 24 and
11 ors 13 )(and
13 )(and 17 intervals
13 )(and 19 cis
13 )(and 21 and
14 95 17 intervals
15 % 16 confidence
16 confidence 17 intervals
18 ( 19 cis
19 cis 20 )
21 and 22 using
21 and 23 unadjusted
21 and 24 and
24 and 27 regression
24 and 28 ,
25 multiple 27 regression
26 logistic 27 regression
28 , 35 race
28 , 36 ,
29 adjusting 30 for
29 adjusting 34 ,
29 adjusting 35 race
30 for 31 age
31 age 33 sex
32 , 33 sex
33 sex 34 ,
36 , 37 waist
36 , 38 -
38 - 40 ratio
38 - 41 ,
39 hip 40 ratio
41 , 54 and
42 use 43 of
42 use 47 and
43 of 46 inhibitors
44 proton 46 inhibitors
45 pump 46 inhibitors
47 and 48 nonsteroidal
47 and 52 drugs
49 anti 50 -
49 anti 52 drugs
51 inflammatory 52 drugs
52 drugs 54 and
53 , 54 and
54 and 57 infection
54 and 58 .
55 helicobacter 57 infection
56 pylori 57 infection

the adjusted or for be was 0.14 for [highest] quintile of il - 10 compared with [lowest] quintile ( 95 % ci , 0.05 - 0.35 [ )(and 0.03 for il - 1β ≥ median vs none detected ( 95 % ci , 0.006 - 0.13 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
1 the 3 or
2 adjusted 3 or
3 or 4 for
3 or 6 was
4 for 5 be
6 was 7 0.14
7 0.14 8 for
7 0.14 11 of
8 for 10 quintile
11 of 12 il
12 il 14 10
12 il 15 compared
13 - 14 10
14 10 15 compared
15 compared 16 with
16 with 18 quintile
16 with 24 0.05
18 quintile 22 ci
19 ( 22 ci
20 95 22 ci
21 % 22 ci
22 ci 23 ,
24 0.05 32 -
25 - 32 -
26 0.35 28 )(and
28 )(and 29 0.03
28 )(and 30 for
28 )(and 32 -
30 for 31 il
32 - 35 median
33 1β 35 median
34 ≥ 35 median
35 median 36 vs
35 median 38 detected
35 median 42 ci
36 vs 37 none
39 ( 42 ci
40 95 42 ci
41 % 42 ci
42 ci 45 -
42 ci 48 .
43 , 45 -
44 0.006 45 -
45 - 46 0.13
45 - 47 )

higher levels of il [-] 8 and leptin and lower levels of il - 10 and il - 1β were associated with the presence of long - segment ( ≥3 [cm] ) and short - segment be . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 higher 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 7 and
3 of 4 il
4 il 6 8
7 and 8 leptin
7 and 9 and
9 and 11 levels
9 and 12 of
9 and 19 1β
9 and 20 were
9 and 21 associated
10 lower 11 levels
12 of 13 il
13 il 17 il
14 - 17 il
15 10 16 and
16 and 17 il
17 il 18 -
19 1β 20 were
21 associated 22 with
22 with 33 and
23 the 24 presence
24 presence 25 of
24 presence 33 and
25 of 28 segment
26 long 27 -
26 long 28 segment
28 segment 30 ≥3
29 ( 30 ≥3
30 ≥3 32 )
33 and 34 short
33 and 37 be
35 - 37 be
36 segment 37 be
37 be 38 .

there were no differences between cases and controls in levels of interferon [-] [γ] [,] tumor necrosis factor - α , adiponectin , or insulin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
3 no 4 differences
4 differences 5 between
4 differences 10 levels
4 differences 18 factor
4 differences 20 α
5 between 7 and
6 cases 7 and
7 and 8 controls
7 and 9 in
10 levels 11 of
10 levels 18 factor
11 of 17 necrosis
12 interferon 16 tumor
16 tumor 17 necrosis
19 - 20 α
20 α 21 ,
21 , 24 or
22 adiponectin 24 or
23 , 24 or
24 or 25 insulin

conclusions : be is associated with circulating inflammatory cytokines and leptin and low levels of anti - inflammatory cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 be
2 : 5 associated
3 be 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 12 and
7 circulating 9 cytokines
8 inflammatory 9 cytokines
9 cytokines 10 and
10 and 11 leptin
10 and 12 and
12 and 14 levels
12 and 15 of
13 low 14 levels
15 of 19 cytokines
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 19 cytokines
18 inflammatory 19 cytokines

these findings could partly explain the effect of obesity on be . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 could
3 could 5 explain
4 partly 5 explain
5 explain 7 effect
5 explain 10 on
6 the 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 9 obesity
10 on 11 be

the function of p53 is best understood in response to genotoxic stress , but increasing evidence suggests that p53 also plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis . p53 and its family members directly influence various metabolic pathways , enabling cells to respond to metabolic stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 function
2 function 3 of
2 function 5 is
3 of 4 p53
5 is 7 understood
6 best 7 understood
7 understood 9 response
7 understood 10 to
8 in 9 response
10 to 12 stress
11 genotoxic 12 stress
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 increasing
14 but 17 suggests
15 increasing 16 evidence
15 increasing 17 suggests
17 suggests 18 that
18 that 19 p53
18 that 21 plays
19 p53 21 plays
20 also 21 plays
21 plays 24 role
21 plays 25 in
22 a 24 role
23 key 24 role
25 in 27 regulation
26 the 27 regulation
27 regulation 28 of
28 of 30 homeostasis
29 metabolic 30 homeostasis
31 . 33 and
31 . 38 influence
32 p53 33 and
33 and 36 members
33 and 38 influence
34 its 36 members
35 family 36 members
37 directly 38 influence
38 influence 41 pathways
39 various 41 pathways
40 metabolic 41 pathways
41 pathways 43 enabling
42 , 43 enabling
43 enabling 44 cells
43 enabling 45 to
43 enabling 46 respond
43 enabling 50 .
45 to 46 respond
46 respond 47 to
47 to 49 stress
48 metabolic 49 stress

these functions are likely to be important for restraining the development of cancer but could also have a profound effect on the development of metabolic diseases , including diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
1 these 2 functions
2 functions 3 are
3 are 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 17 have
5 to 14 but
6 be 7 important
6 be 14 but
7 important 8 for
8 for 9 restraining
9 restraining 11 development
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 of
12 of 13 cancer
14 but 15 could
15 could 17 have
16 also 17 have
17 have 20 effect
17 have 21 on
18 a 19 profound
18 a 20 effect
19 profound 20 effect
21 on 23 development
22 the 23 development
23 development 24 of
23 development 28 including
24 of 26 diseases
25 metabolic 26 diseases
27 , 28 including
28 including 29 diabetes
28 including 30 .

a better understanding of the metabolic functions of p53 family members may aid [in] the identification of therapeutic targets and reveal novel uses for p53 - modulating drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
1 a 3 understanding
2 better 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 12 may
4 of 7 functions
5 the 7 functions
6 metabolic 7 functions
7 functions 8 of
8 of 11 members
9 p53 11 members
10 family 11 members
12 may 20 and
13 aid 16 identification
13 aid 20 and
15 the 16 identification
16 identification 17 of
17 of 19 targets
18 therapeutic 19 targets
20 and 21 reveal
20 and 27 modulating
21 reveal 23 uses
22 novel 23 uses
23 uses 24 for
24 for 25 p53
26 - 27 modulating
27 modulating 28 drugs
27 modulating 29 .

purpose : emerging evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine disruptors may initiate or exacerbate adiposity and associated health problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 4 evidence
3 emerging 4 evidence
4 evidence 16 and
5 suggests 6 that
5 suggests 16 and
6 that 7 exposure
6 that 13 or
7 exposure 8 to
7 exposure 11 may
8 to 10 disruptors
9 endocrine 10 disruptors
11 may 13 or
12 initiate 13 or
13 or 14 exacerbate
14 exacerbate 15 adiposity
16 and 17 associated
16 and 19 problems
17 associated 18 health

this study examined sex differences in the association of urinary level of bisphenol [-] a ( bpa ) with selected indices of glucose homeostasis among u.s . adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 differences
3 examined 6 in
3 examined 19 with
4 sex 5 differences
6 in 8 association
7 the 8 association
8 association 9 of
9 of 11 level
10 urinary 11 level
11 level 12 of
12 of 13 bisphenol
13 bisphenol 15 a
13 bisphenol 17 bpa
16 ( 17 bpa
17 bpa 18 )
19 with 21 indices
20 selected 21 indices
21 indices 22 of
22 of 24 homeostasis
23 glucose 24 homeostasis
24 homeostasis 25 among
25 among 26 u.s
27 . 28 adults

methods : data analyses were performed using a sample of 1586 participants from the 2005 to 2008 national health and nutrition examination surveys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 6 performed
2 : 24 .
3 data 4 analyses
3 data 5 were
3 data 6 performed
4 analyses 5 were
6 performed 7 using
6 performed 13 from
7 using 9 sample
8 a 9 sample
9 sample 10 of
10 of 12 participants
11 1586 12 participants
13 from 20 and
14 the 16 to
15 2005 16 to
16 to 17 2008
16 to 19 health
18 national 19 health
19 health 20 and
20 and 23 surveys
21 nutrition 22 examination
22 examination 23 surveys

bpa level and the ratio of bpa - to [-] creatinine level were defined as log [-] transformed variables and [in] quartiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
1 bpa 2 level
2 level 3 and
3 and 5 ratio
4 the 5 ratio
5 ratio 6 of
6 of 7 bpa
7 bpa 9 to
8 - 9 to
9 to 12 level
9 to 23 .
11 creatinine 12 level
12 level 20 and
13 were 14 defined
13 were 20 and
14 defined 15 as
15 as 19 variables
16 log 18 transformed
18 transformed 19 variables
20 and 22 quartiles

selected indices of glucose homeostasis were defined using fasting glucose and insulin data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 selected 2 indices
2 indices 3 of
2 indices 6 were
3 of 5 homeostasis
4 glucose 5 homeostasis
6 were 7 defined
7 defined 8 using
8 using 11 and
9 fasting 10 glucose
10 glucose 11 and
11 and 13 data
12 insulin 13 data

multivariate linear and logistic regression models for the hypothesized relationships were constructed after controlling for age , sex , race , education , marital status , smoking status , physical activity , total dietary intake , and urinary creatinine concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 multivariate 6 models
2 linear 3 and
3 and 4 logistic
3 and 6 models
5 regression 6 models
6 models 7 for
6 models 11 were
7 for 10 relationships
8 the 10 relationships
9 hypothesized 10 relationships
11 were 12 constructed
12 constructed 13 after
13 after 14 controlling
14 controlling 15 for
14 controlling 27 smoking
14 controlling 37 and
15 for 16 age
16 age 18 sex
16 age 20 race
16 age 25 status
17 , 18 sex
18 sex 19 ,
19 , 20 race
20 race 22 education
20 race 23 ,
21 , 22 education
22 education 23 ,
23 , 25 status
24 marital 25 status
25 status 26 ,
26 , 27 smoking
27 smoking 28 status
27 smoking 29 ,
30 physical 31 activity
31 activity 32 ,
32 , 35 intake
32 , 37 and
33 total 35 intake
34 dietary 35 intake
36 , 37 and
37 and 40 concentration
38 urinary 40 concentration
39 creatinine 40 concentration

irrespective of sex , the ratio of bpa - [to] - creatinine level was not predictive of indices of glucose homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 irrespective 2 of
2 of 3 sex
2 of 11 -
2 of 13 level
3 sex 6 ratio
4 , 6 ratio
5 the 6 ratio
6 ratio 7 of
6 ratio 9 -
7 of 8 bpa
12 creatinine 13 level
13 level 14 was
14 was 15 not
14 was 17 of
15 not 16 predictive
17 of 18 indices
18 indices 19 of
19 of 21 homeostasis
20 glucose 21 homeostasis

conclusions : a complex association may exist between bpa and hyperinsulinemia among adult u.s . men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 association
2 : 7 exist
2 : 15 .
3 a 4 complex
3 a 5 association
4 complex 5 association
5 association 6 may
6 may 7 exist
7 exist 8 between
7 exist 12 among
8 between 10 and
9 bpa 10 and
10 and 11 hyperinsulinemia
12 among 14 u.s
13 adult 14 u.s
15 . 16 men
15 . 17 .

prospective cohort studies are needed to further elucidate endocrine disruptors as determinants of adiposity - related disturbances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prospective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 prospective 3 studies
1 prospective 4 are
1 prospective 5 needed
2 cohort 3 studies
3 studies 4 are
5 needed 6 to
5 needed 15 -
6 to 8 elucidate
7 further 8 elucidate
8 elucidate 10 disruptors
8 elucidate 11 as
9 endocrine 10 disruptors
11 as 12 determinants
12 determinants 13 of
13 of 14 adiposity
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 disturbances

in this chapter we focus on finding ways of modulating sphingolipids to prevent the development of age - associated diseases or delay their onset , both of which could improve health in elderly , fragile people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 3 chapter
1 in 18 -
1 in 21 or
2 this 3 chapter
3 chapter 4 we
3 chapter 7 finding
4 we 5 focus
5 focus 6 on
6 on 7 finding
7 finding 8 ways
8 ways 9 of
8 ways 12 to
8 ways 13 prevent
9 of 11 sphingolipids
10 modulating 11 sphingolipids
12 to 13 prevent
13 prevent 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 17 age
19 associated 20 diseases
19 associated 21 or
21 or 25 ,
22 delay 24 onset
22 delay 25 ,
23 their 24 onset
25 , 30 improve
26 both 27 of
26 both 29 could
27 of 28 which
29 could 30 improve
30 improve 31 health
30 improve 32 in
32 in 36 people
33 elderly 34 ,
33 elderly 36 people
35 fragile 36 people

reducing the incidence of [or] delaying the onset of diseases of aging has blossomed in the past decade because of advances in understanding signal transduction pathways and cellular processes , especially in model organisms , that are largely conserved in most eukaryotes and that can be modulated to reduce signs of aging and increase health span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reducing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 blossomed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 reducing 3 incidence
1 reducing 13 has
2 the 3 incidence
3 incidence 4 of
3 incidence 11 of
4 of 6 delaying
6 delaying 8 onset
7 the 8 onset
8 onset 9 of
9 of 10 diseases
11 of 12 aging
13 has 14 blossomed
14 blossomed 15 in
14 blossomed 20 of
15 in 18 decade
16 the 18 decade
17 past 18 decade
19 because 20 of
20 of 21 advances
21 advances 22 in
22 in 23 understanding
23 understanding 27 and
24 signal 25 transduction
25 transduction 26 pathways
26 pathways 27 and
27 and 29 processes
28 cellular 29 processes
30 , 43 and
30 , 49 reduce
31 especially 43 and
32 in 34 organisms
32 in 43 and
33 model 34 organisms
34 organisms 36 that
34 organisms 37 are
35 , 36 that
36 that 37 are
37 are 39 conserved
38 largely 39 conserved
40 in 41 most
40 in 43 and
42 eukaryotes 43 and
43 and 45 can
43 and 46 be
44 that 45 can
46 be 47 modulated
47 modulated 48 to
48 to 49 reduce
49 reduce 53 and
50 signs 51 of
50 signs 53 and
51 of 52 aging
53 and 56 span
54 increase 55 health
55 health 56 span

in model organisms such interventions must also increase lifespan to be considered significant , but this is not a requirement for use in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 organisms
1 in 5 interventions
2 model 3 organisms
4 such 5 interventions
5 interventions 6 must
6 must 8 increase
7 also 8 increase
8 increase 9 lifespan
8 increase 10 to
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 considered
12 considered 13 significant
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 this
15 but 17 is
16 this 17 is
17 is 18 not
17 is 20 requirement
19 a 20 requirement
20 requirement 21 for
21 for 22 use
22 use 23 in
23 in 24 humans

the most encouraging interventions in model organisms involve lowering the concentration of one or more sphingolipids so as to reduce the activity of key signaling pathways , one of the most promising being the target of rapamycin complex 1 ( torc1 ) protein kinase pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 involve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 reduce
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 interventions
3 encouraging 4 interventions
4 interventions 5 in
4 interventions 8 involve
5 in 7 organisms
6 model 7 organisms
8 involve 9 lowering
9 lowering 11 concentration
10 the 11 concentration
11 concentration 12 of
12 of 13 one
14 or 15 more
14 or 16 sphingolipids
15 more 16 sphingolipids
16 sphingolipids 19 to
17 so 18 as
18 as 19 to
19 to 20 reduce
20 reduce 22 activity
21 the 22 activity
22 activity 23 of
23 of 26 pathways
24 key 26 pathways
25 signaling 26 pathways
26 pathways 28 one
27 , 28 one
28 one 29 of
28 one 46 .
29 of 31 most
30 the 31 most
31 most 32 promising
31 most 33 being
33 being 45 pathway
34 the 45 pathway
35 target 36 of
35 target 43 protein
36 of 38 complex
37 rapamycin 38 complex
38 complex 39 1
38 complex 41 torc1
40 ( 41 torc1
41 torc1 42 )
43 protein 45 pathway
44 kinase 45 pathway

other potential ways in which modulating sphingolipids may contribute to improving the health profile of the elderly is by reducing oxidative stresses , inflammatory responses and growth factor signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 other 3 ways
2 potential 3 ways
3 ways 4 in
3 ways 9 contribute
4 in 5 which
4 in 6 modulating
4 in 8 may
6 modulating 7 sphingolipids
6 modulating 8 may
9 contribute 10 to
9 contribute 19 by
10 to 11 improving
11 improving 13 health
12 the 13 health
13 health 14 profile
13 health 18 is
14 profile 15 of
14 profile 18 is
15 of 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
19 by 20 reducing
20 reducing 26 and
21 oxidative 22 stresses
22 stresses 23 ,
23 , 25 responses
23 , 26 and
24 inflammatory 25 responses
26 and 28 factor
26 and 29 signaling
27 growth 28 factor

lastly , perhaps the most interesting way to modulate sphingolipids and promote longevity is by lowering the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase , the first enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 way
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
1 lastly 2 ,
1 lastly 7 way
3 perhaps 7 way
4 the 7 way
5 most 6 interesting
6 interesting 7 way
7 way 8 to
7 way 11 and
7 way 14 is
8 to 11 and
9 modulate 10 sphingolipids
9 modulate 11 and
11 and 12 promote
12 promote 13 longevity
14 is 15 by
15 by 16 lowering
16 lowering 18 activity
17 the 18 activity
18 activity 19 of
19 of 21 palmitoyltransferase
20 serine 21 palmitoyltransferase
21 palmitoyltransferase 25 enzyme
22 , 25 enzyme
23 the 24 first
23 the 25 enzyme
25 enzyme 26 in
25 enzyme 33 .
26 in 32 pathway
27 the 32 pathway
28 de 29 novo
29 novo 30 sphingolipid
30 sphingolipid 31 biosynthesis
31 biosynthesis 32 pathway

available data in yeasts and rodents are encouraging and as we gain insights into molecular mechanisms the strategies for improving human health by modulating sphingolipids will become more apparent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 available 2 data
2 data 3 in
2 data 7 are
3 in 5 and
4 yeasts 5 and
5 and 6 rodents
7 are 8 encouraging
9 and 18 strategies
9 and 27 become
10 as 11 we
10 as 12 gain
10 as 18 strategies
11 we 12 gain
12 gain 13 insights
12 gain 14 into
14 into 16 mechanisms
15 molecular 16 mechanisms
17 the 18 strategies
18 strategies 19 for
18 strategies 23 by
18 strategies 26 will
19 for 20 improving
20 improving 22 health
21 human 22 health
23 by 25 sphingolipids
24 modulating 25 sphingolipids
26 will 27 become
27 become 29 apparent
28 more 29 apparent

this article is part of a special issue entitled new frontiers in sphingolipid biology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 14 biology
4 part 5 of
4 part 14 biology
5 of 11 frontiers
6 a 11 frontiers
7 special 8 issue
8 issue 9 entitled
9 entitled 11 frontiers
10 new 11 frontiers
11 frontiers 12 in
12 in 14 biology
13 sphingolipid 14 biology

background : short - term ( < 1 year ) calorie [restriction] ( cr ) has been reported to decrease physical activity and metabolic rate in humans [and] [non] - human primate models [;] [however] , studies examining the very long - term ( >10 [year] ) effect of cr on these parameters are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 calorie
3 short 5 term
3 short 10 )
3 short 11 calorie
4 - 5 term
5 term 9 year
5 term 10 )
6 ( 9 year
7 < 8 1
8 1 9 year
9 year 10 )
11 calorie 14 cr
11 calorie 16 has
13 ( 14 cr
14 cr 15 )
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 reported
18 reported 19 to
18 reported 20 decrease
19 to 20 decrease
20 decrease 23 and
20 decrease 26 in
21 physical 22 activity
22 activity 23 and
23 and 25 rate
24 metabolic 25 rate
26 in 27 humans
27 humans 38 examining
30 - 38 examining
31 human 32 primate
31 human 36 ,
32 primate 36 ,
33 models 36 ,
36 , 37 studies
36 , 38 examining
38 examining 43 term
39 the 43 term
40 very 41 long
41 long 42 -
41 long 43 term
43 term 48 effect
44 ( 48 effect
45 >10 47 )
45 >10 48 effect
48 effect 49 of
48 effect 53 parameters
48 effect 55 lacking
48 effect 56 .
49 of 50 cr
50 cr 51 on
51 on 52 these
53 parameters 54 are
54 are 55 lacking

objective : the objective of this study was to examine metabolic and behavioral adaptations to long - term cr longitudinally in rhesus macaques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 objective
2 : 16 long
2 : 17 -
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 14 adaptations
10 examine 15 to
11 metabolic 12 and
12 and 13 behavioral
12 and 14 adaptations
15 to 16 long
17 - 18 term
18 term 19 cr
18 term 20 longitudinally
18 term 21 in
21 in 23 macaques
22 rhesus 23 macaques

energy expenditure ( ee ) was examined by doubly labeled water ( dlw ; tee [ )(and respiratory chamber ( 24 h ee ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expenditure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 energy 2 expenditure
2 expenditure 4 ee
2 expenditure 6 was
3 ( 4 ee
4 ee 5 )
6 was 7 examined
7 examined 8 by
8 by 11 water
9 doubly 10 labeled
10 labeled 11 water
11 water 13 dlw
12 ( 13 dlw
13 dlw 14 ;
14 ; 17 )(and
15 tee 17 )(and
17 )(and 19 chamber
17 )(and 23 ee
18 respiratory 19 chamber
20 ( 23 ee
21 24 22 h
22 h 23 ee
23 ee 24 )

physical activity was assessed both by metabolic equivalent [(] met [ )(in a respiratory chamber and by an accelerometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 physical 2 activity
1 physical 3 was
1 physical 4 assessed
2 activity 3 was
4 assessed 5 both
4 assessed 6 by
6 by 10 met
7 metabolic 8 equivalent
8 equivalent 10 met
10 met 16 and
12 )(in 15 chamber
12 )(in 16 and
13 a 14 respiratory
13 a 15 chamber
14 respiratory 15 chamber
16 and 17 by
17 by 19 accelerometer
18 an 19 accelerometer

metabolic cost of movements during 24 h was also calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 metabolic 2 cost
2 cost 3 of
2 cost 8 was
3 of 4 movements
4 movements 5 during
5 during 7 h
6 24 7 h
8 was 9 also
8 was 10 calculated

age and fat - free mass were included as covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 age 2 and
2 and 6 mass
2 and 7 were
3 fat 4 -
3 fat 6 mass
5 free 6 mass
7 were 8 included
8 included 9 as
9 as 10 covariates

results [:] adjusted total and 24 h ee were not different between c and cr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 3 adjusted
1 results 14 and
3 adjusted 5 and
4 total 5 and
5 and 11 different
6 24 7 h
7 h 8 ee
8 ee 9 were
9 were 10 not
10 not 11 different
11 different 12 between
12 between 13 c
14 and 15 cr

sleeping metabolic [rate] [was] significantly lower , and physical activity level was higher in cr [than] in c independent from the cr - induced changes in body composition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sleeping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 sleeping 8 and
1 sleeping 12 was
2 metabolic 5 significantly
2 metabolic 6 lower
2 metabolic 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 physical
10 activity 11 level
11 level 12 was
12 was 13 higher
13 higher 14 in
14 in 15 cr
15 cr 17 in
15 cr 19 independent
17 in 18 c
19 independent 20 from
20 from 22 cr
21 the 22 cr
23 - 25 changes
24 induced 25 changes
25 changes 26 in
26 in 28 composition
27 body 28 composition

the duration of physical activity above 1.6 mets was significantly higher in cr than in c , and cr had significantly higher accelerometer activity counts than c ..y metabolic cost of movements during 24 h was significantly lower in cr than in c . the accelerometer activity counts were significantly decreased after seven years in c animals , but not [in] cr animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 duration
2 duration 3 of
2 duration 20 had
3 of 18 and
4 physical 5 activity
5 activity 6 above
5 activity 11 higher
5 activity 18 and
6 above 7 1.6
7 1.6 8 mets
7 1.6 9 was
8 mets 9 was
10 significantly 11 higher
11 higher 12 in
11 higher 14 than
12 in 13 cr
14 than 15 in
15 in 16 c
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 cr
20 had 25 counts
21 significantly 22 higher
22 higher 23 accelerometer
23 accelerometer 25 counts
24 activity 25 counts
26 than 27 c
26 than 28 ..y
27 c 28 ..y
28 ..y 30 cost
29 metabolic 30 cost
30 cost 31 of
30 cost 36 was
31 of 32 movements
32 movements 33 during
33 during 35 h
34 24 35 h
36 was 37 significantly
36 was 38 lower
38 lower 39 in
38 lower 41 than
39 in 40 cr
41 than 42 in
42 in 43 c
44 . 46 accelerometer
44 . 51 decreased
45 the 46 accelerometer
46 accelerometer 48 counts
46 accelerometer 49 were
46 accelerometer 51 decreased
47 activity 48 counts
48 counts 49 were
50 significantly 51 decreased
51 decreased 52 after
51 decreased 55 in
51 decreased 57 animals
52 after 54 years
53 seven 54 years
55 in 56 c
57 animals 59 but
58 , 59 but
59 but 60 not
59 but 63 animals
59 but 64 .
62 cr 63 animals

conclusions : the results suggest that long - term cr decreases basal metabolic rate , [but] maintains higher physical activity with lower metabolic cost of movements compared with c . objectives : the purpose of this paper was to assess whether statins reduce all - cause mortality and cardiovascular ( cv ) events in elderly people without established cv disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 17 maintains
2 : 45 -
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 14 rate
6 that 14 rate
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 term
9 term 11 decreases
10 cr 11 decreases
11 decreases 14 rate
12 basal 14 rate
13 metabolic 14 rate
15 , 17 maintains
17 maintains 20 activity
17 maintains 28 with
17 maintains 30 .
18 higher 20 activity
19 physical 20 activity
20 activity 21 with
20 activity 25 of
20 activity 27 compared
21 with 24 cost
22 lower 24 cost
23 metabolic 24 cost
25 of 26 movements
28 with 29 c
30 . 31 objectives
30 . 32 :
32 : 34 purpose
32 : 38 was
33 the 34 purpose
34 purpose 35 of
34 purpose 38 was
35 of 37 paper
36 this 37 paper
38 was 39 to
39 to 40 assess
40 assess 41 whether
41 whether 42 statins
41 whether 43 reduce
42 statins 43 reduce
43 reduce 44 all
45 - 46 cause
46 cause 48 and
47 mortality 48 and
48 and 53 events
48 and 61 .
49 cardiovascular 51 cv
49 cardiovascular 53 events
50 ( 51 cv
51 cv 52 )
53 events 54 in
54 in 56 people
55 elderly 56 people
56 people 57 without
57 without 60 disease
58 established 60 disease
59 cv 60 disease

background : because of population aging , prevention of cv disease in the elderly is relevant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 of
3 because 4 of
4 of 5 population
5 population 6 aging
7 , 8 prevention
7 , 15 is
8 prevention 9 of
8 prevention 15 is
9 of 11 disease
10 cv 11 disease
11 disease 12 in
12 in 14 elderly
13 the 14 elderly
15 is 16 relevant

in elderly patients with previous cv events , the use of statins is recommended by guidelines , whereas the benefits of these drugs in elderly subjects without previous cv events are still debated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 8 ,
1 in 10 use
2 elderly 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
4 with 7 events
5 previous 7 events
6 cv 7 events
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
10 use 13 is
11 of 12 statins
13 is 14 recommended
14 recommended 15 by
15 by 16 guidelines
17 , 30 events
17 , 33 debated
18 whereas 20 benefits
18 whereas 30 events
19 the 20 benefits
20 benefits 21 of
21 of 23 drugs
22 these 23 drugs
23 drugs 24 in
24 in 26 subjects
25 elderly 26 subjects
26 subjects 27 without
27 without 29 cv
28 previous 29 cv
30 events 31 are
31 are 33 debated
32 still 33 debated

methods : randomized trials comparing statins versus placebo and [reporting] all - cause and cv mortality , myocardial infarction ( mi ) , stroke , and new cancer onset in elderly subjects ( age ≥ 65 years [ )(without established cv disease were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 and
2 : 12 -
3 randomized 6 statins
4 trials 5 comparing
5 comparing 6 statins
6 statins 7 versus
6 statins 9 and
7 versus 8 placebo
9 and 11 all
12 - 14 and
12 - 23 ,
13 cause 14 and
14 and 16 mortality
14 and 17 ,
14 and 19 infarction
15 cv 16 mortality
17 , 19 infarction
18 myocardial 19 infarction
19 infarction 21 mi
19 infarction 23 ,
20 ( 21 mi
21 mi 22 )
23 , 26 and
24 stroke 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 onset
26 and 30 in
27 new 28 cancer
28 cancer 29 onset
30 in 32 subjects
31 elderly 32 subjects
32 subjects 35 ≥
33 ( 35 ≥
34 age 35 ≥
35 ≥ 36 65
35 ≥ 44 included
35 ≥ 45 .
37 years 39 )(without
37 years 42 disease
37 years 44 included
39 )(without 41 cv
40 established 41 cv
42 disease 43 were
43 were 44 included

results : eight trials enrolling 24,674 subjects ( 42.7 % females ; mean age 73.0 ± 2.9 years ; mean [follow] up 3.5 ± 1.5 years [ )(were included in analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 trials
3 eight 4 trials
4 trials 5 enrolling
5 enrolling 7 subjects
6 24,674 7 subjects
7 subjects 11 females
8 ( 11 females
9 42.7 11 females
10 % 11 females
11 females 12 ;
12 ; 13 mean
12 ; 19 ;
13 mean 18 years
14 age 18 years
15 73.0 18 years
16 ± 18 years
17 2.9 18 years
19 ; 26 years
19 ; 29 included
20 mean 26 years
22 up 24 ±
23 3.5 24 ±
24 ± 26 years
25 1.5 26 years
26 years 28 )(were
28 )(were 29 included
29 included 30 in
30 in 31 analyses

statins , compared with placebo , significantly reduced the risk of mi by 39.4 % ( relative risk [[] [rr] ] : 0.606 [[] 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) : 0.434 to 0.847 []] [;] p = [0.003] [ )( the risk of stroke by 23.8 % ( rr [:] 0.762 [[] 95 % ci [:] 0.626 to 0.926 []] [;] p = 0.006 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 statins
1 statins 2 ,
1 statins 6 ,
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 6 ,
4 with 5 placebo
6 , 8 reduced
7 significantly 8 reduced
8 reduced 10 risk
9 the 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
10 risk 22 :
11 of 12 mi
12 mi 13 by
12 mi 18 risk
13 by 15 %
14 39.4 15 %
16 ( 18 risk
17 relative 18 risk
18 risk 21 ]
22 : 28 interval
22 : 32 :
23 0.606 27 confidence
25 95 26 %
26 % 27 confidence
27 confidence 28 interval
28 interval 30 ci
28 interval 32 :
29 ( 30 ci
30 ci 31 )
32 : 34 to
32 : 39 =
33 0.434 34 to
34 to 35 0.847
38 p 39 =
39 = 44 risk
43 the 44 risk
44 risk 45 of
45 of 46 stroke
46 stroke 47 by
46 stroke 57 ci
47 by 49 %
48 23.8 49 %
50 ( 57 ci
51 rr 57 ci
53 0.762 57 ci
55 95 57 ci
56 % 57 ci
57 ci 60 to
57 ci 65 =
57 ci 68 .
59 0.626 60 to
60 to 61 0.926
64 p 65 =
65 = 66 0.006
65 = 67 )

in contrast , the risk of all - cause death [(] [rr] : 0.941 [ 95 % ci : 0.856 to 1.035 ] [;] p = 0.210 [ )( of cv death [(] rr [:] 0.907 [[] 95 % ci [:] 0.686 to 1.199 []] [;] p = 0.493 ) were not [significantly] reduced . 
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 10 death
2 contrast 5 risk
3 , 5 risk
4 the 5 risk
5 risk 6 of
5 risk 8 -
6 of 7 all
9 cause 10 death
10 death 13 :
13 : 14 0.941
14 0.941 17 %
14 0.941 26 =
15 [ 17 %
16 95 17 %
17 % 18 ci
17 % 19 :
17 % 23 ]
18 ci 19 :
19 : 21 to
20 0.856 21 to
21 to 22 1.035
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.210
27 0.210 30 of
30 of 40 ci
31 cv 32 death
32 death 40 ci
34 rr 40 ci
36 0.907 40 ci
38 95 40 ci
39 % 40 ci
40 ci 42 0.686
40 ci 51 were
42 0.686 43 to
42 0.686 48 =
42 0.686 51 were
43 to 44 1.199
47 p 48 =
48 = 49 0.493
48 = 50 )
51 were 52 not
52 not 54 reduced
54 reduced 55 .

new cancer [onset] did not differ between statin - and placebo - treated subjects ( [rr] [:] 0.989 [ 95 % ci : 0.851 to 1.151 ] [;] p = 0.890 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 new 2 cancer
2 cancer 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 differ
6 differ 7 between
7 between 10 and
8 statin 10 and
9 - 10 and
10 and 11 placebo
10 and 14 subjects
12 - 14 subjects
13 treated 14 subjects
14 subjects 18 0.989
14 subjects 30 =
14 subjects 32 )
15 ( 18 0.989
18 0.989 21 %
18 0.989 27 ]
19 [ 21 %
20 95 21 %
21 % 22 ci
21 % 23 :
21 % 27 ]
22 ci 23 :
23 : 25 to
24 0.851 25 to
25 to 26 1.151
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.890
30 = 32 )

conclusions : in elderly subjects at high cv risk without established cv disease , statins significantly reduce the incidence of mi and stroke , but do not significantly prolong survival in the short - term . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 prolong
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 6 at
2 : 10 without
3 in 5 subjects
4 elderly 5 subjects
6 at 9 risk
7 high 9 risk
8 cv 9 risk
10 without 13 disease
11 established 13 disease
12 cv 13 disease
14 , 15 statins
14 , 25 but
15 statins 25 but
16 significantly 17 reduce
17 reduce 19 incidence
17 reduce 25 but
18 the 19 incidence
19 incidence 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 mi 22 and
22 and 23 stroke
24 , 25 but
25 but 26 do
26 do 27 not
26 do 29 prolong
28 significantly 29 prolong
29 prolong 30 survival
30 survival 31 in
31 in 35 term
32 the 35 term
33 short 34 -
33 short 35 term

in this study we compared pittsburgh compound - [b] ( pib ) positron emission tomography [(] pet [ )(amyloid imaging [,] fluorodeoxyglucose pet for metabolism , and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) for structure to predict conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) to alzheimer 's dementia using data from the alzheimer 's disease neuroimaging initiative cohort [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 compared
5 compared 7 compound
6 pittsburgh 7 compound
8 - 17 pet
8 - 19 )(amyloid
10 ( 11 pib
11 pib 12 )
11 pib 17 pet
13 positron 14 emission
14 emission 15 tomography
15 tomography 17 pet
17 pet 19 )(amyloid
19 )(amyloid 23 pet
20 imaging 22 fluorodeoxyglucose
22 fluorodeoxyglucose 23 pet
23 pet 24 for
23 pet 34 for
24 for 27 and
25 metabolism 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 imaging
27 and 32 mri
28 magnetic 30 imaging
29 resonance 30 imaging
31 ( 32 mri
32 mri 33 )
34 for 35 structure
35 structure 36 to
35 structure 37 predict
36 to 37 predict
37 predict 38 conversion
37 predict 47 to
38 conversion 39 from
39 from 43 impairment
40 amnestic 43 impairment
41 mild 43 impairment
42 cognitive 43 impairment
43 impairment 45 mci
44 ( 45 mci
45 mci 46 )
47 to 50 dementia
48 alzheimer 49 's
49 's 50 dementia
50 dementia 51 using
51 using 52 data
52 data 53 from
53 from 60 cohort
54 the 55 alzheimer
55 alzheimer 56 's
56 's 60 cohort
57 disease 58 neuroimaging
58 neuroimaging 59 initiative
59 initiative 60 cohort

numeric neuroimaging variables generated by the alzheimer 's disease neuroimaging initiative - funded laboratories for each neuroimaging modality along with apolipoprotein - e [genotype] ( n = 29 ) were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 numeric 3 variables
2 neuroimaging 3 variables
3 variables 4 generated
3 variables 30 were
4 generated 5 by
5 by 11 initiative
6 the 7 alzheimer
7 alzheimer 8 's
8 's 11 initiative
9 disease 10 neuroimaging
10 neuroimaging 11 initiative
11 initiative 14 laboratories
11 initiative 27 =
12 - 14 laboratories
13 funded 14 laboratories
14 laboratories 15 for
14 laboratories 20 with
14 laboratories 22 -
15 for 18 modality
16 each 18 modality
17 neuroimaging 18 modality
19 along 20 with
20 with 21 apolipoprotein
23 e 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 29
27 = 29 )
30 were 31 analyzed

performance of these biomarkers for predicting conversion from mci to alzheimer 's dementia at 2 years was evaluated in 50 late amnestic [mci] subjects , 20 [of] [whom] converted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 dementia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 performance 13 dementia
2 of 4 biomarkers
2 of 13 dementia
3 these 4 biomarkers
4 biomarkers 5 for
5 for 6 predicting
6 predicting 7 conversion
7 conversion 8 from
7 conversion 10 to
8 from 9 mci
10 to 12 's
11 alzheimer 12 's
13 dementia 14 at
13 dementia 17 was
14 at 16 years
15 2 16 years
17 was 18 evaluated
18 evaluated 19 in
19 in 24 subjects
20 50 24 subjects
21 late 24 subjects
22 amnestic 24 subjects
25 , 26 20
25 , 29 converted
26 20 29 converted

multivariate modeling found that among individual modalities , mri had the highest predictive accuracy ( 67 % ) [which] increased by 9 % to 76 % when combined with pib - pet , producing the highest accuracy among any biomarker combination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 multivariate 2 modeling
2 modeling 3 found
3 found 4 that
3 found 5 among
5 among 7 modalities
6 individual 7 modalities
8 , 9 mri
8 , 20 increased
9 mri 10 had
10 had 14 accuracy
10 had 20 increased
11 the 12 highest
11 the 14 accuracy
13 predictive 14 accuracy
14 accuracy 17 %
15 ( 17 %
16 67 17 %
17 % 18 )
20 increased 21 by
20 increased 24 to
20 increased 27 when
21 by 23 %
22 9 23 %
24 to 26 %
25 76 26 %
27 when 28 combined
28 combined 29 with
28 combined 38 among
29 with 32 pet
29 with 34 producing
30 pib 32 pet
31 - 32 pet
32 pet 33 ,
34 producing 37 accuracy
35 the 36 highest
35 the 37 accuracy
38 among 41 combination
39 any 41 combination
40 biomarker 41 combination

individually , pib - pet generated the best sensitivity , and fluorodeoxyglucose pet had the lowest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 individually 2 ,
1 individually 5 pet
3 pib 5 pet
4 - 5 pet
5 pet 6 generated
6 generated 9 sensitivity
7 the 8 best
7 the 9 sensitivity
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 pet
11 and 14 had
12 fluorodeoxyglucose 13 pet
13 pet 14 had
14 had 16 lowest
15 the 16 lowest

among individual brain regions , the temporal cortex was found to be most predictive for mri and pib - pet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
1 among 4 regions
1 among 5 ,
1 among 8 cortex
2 individual 4 regions
3 brain 4 regions
6 the 8 cortex
7 temporal 8 cortex
8 cortex 9 was
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 to
10 found 15 for
11 to 12 be
12 be 14 predictive
13 most 14 predictive
15 for 17 and
16 mri 17 and
17 and 20 pet
18 pib 20 pet
19 - 20 pet
20 pet 21 .

the sod1 gene encoding the superoxide dismutase 1 ( sod1 ) [protein] is mutated in approximately 15 % of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) and 3 % [of] sporadic als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 gene
2 sod1 3 gene
3 gene 4 encoding
3 gene 14 mutated
3 gene 27 and
4 encoding 6 superoxide
5 the 6 superoxide
6 superoxide 7 dismutase
6 superoxide 13 is
7 dismutase 8 1
7 dismutase 10 sod1
7 dismutase 13 is
9 ( 10 sod1
10 sod1 11 )
14 mutated 15 in
15 in 18 %
16 approximately 17 15
17 15 18 %
18 % 19 of
19 of 23 sclerosis
20 familial 23 sclerosis
21 amyotrophic 23 sclerosis
22 lateral 23 sclerosis
23 sclerosis 25 als
24 ( 25 als
25 als 26 )
27 and 32 als
28 3 32 als
29 % 32 als
31 sporadic 32 als

we identified a novel mutation in sod1 in a man who presented at age 49 with lower limb stiffness , and at age 53 , a spastic paraparesia with distal muscular atrophy in the lower limbs and fasciculations in the quadriceps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 5 mutation
2 identified 6 in
2 identified 8 in
2 identified 21 and
2 identified 39 in
3 a 4 novel
3 a 5 mutation
4 novel 5 mutation
6 in 7 sod1
8 in 10 man
9 a 10 man
10 man 11 who
10 man 12 presented
11 who 12 presented
12 presented 13 at
12 presented 15 49
13 at 14 age
16 with 19 stiffness
16 with 21 and
17 lower 18 limb
18 limb 19 stiffness
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 at
22 at 37 and
23 age 24 53
23 age 25 ,
25 , 28 paraparesia
25 , 37 and
26 a 28 paraparesia
27 spastic 28 paraparesia
28 paraparesia 29 with
29 with 32 atrophy
30 distal 32 atrophy
31 muscular 32 atrophy
32 atrophy 33 in
33 in 36 limbs
34 the 36 limbs
35 lower 36 limbs
37 and 38 fasciculations
39 in 41 quadriceps
40 the 41 quadriceps

a diagnosis of als was established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 a 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 of
2 diagnosis 5 was
3 of 4 als
5 was 6 established

eleven years after disease onset [his] condition continues gradually and slowly to deteriorate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 eleven 2 years
2 years 3 after
2 years 10 and
3 after 7 condition
4 disease 7 condition
5 onset 7 condition
8 continues 9 gradually
8 continues 10 and
10 and 12 to
10 and 13 deteriorate
11 slowly 12 to
12 to 13 deteriorate

the heterozygous mutation observed in exon 2 resulted in a valine to alanine substitution at [position] 31 in the β - barrel domain of the sod1 protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 mutation
2 heterozygous 3 mutation
3 mutation 4 observed
3 mutation 8 resulted
4 observed 5 in
5 in 6 exon
6 exon 7 2
8 resulted 9 in
8 resulted 12 to
8 resulted 15 at
8 resulted 18 in
9 in 11 valine
10 a 11 valine
12 to 14 substitution
13 alanine 14 substitution
15 at 17 31
18 in 23 domain
19 the 23 domain
20 β 21 -
20 β 22 barrel
22 barrel 23 domain
23 domain 24 of
24 of 27 protein
25 the 27 protein
26 sod1 27 protein

functional analysis in nsc34 cells showed that the overexpression of the mutant form of sod1 ( v31a ) induced aggregates and decreased cell viability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 functional 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 in
2 analysis 6 showed
3 in 5 cells
4 nsc34 5 cells
6 showed 7 that
6 showed 9 overexpression
6 showed 21 and
8 the 9 overexpression
9 overexpression 10 of
9 overexpression 21 and
10 of 13 form
11 the 13 form
12 mutant 13 form
13 form 14 of
13 form 19 induced
14 of 15 sod1
15 sod1 17 v31a
16 ( 17 v31a
17 v31a 18 )
20 aggregates 21 and
21 and 22 decreased
21 and 24 viability
23 cell 24 viability

this mutation is located outside of the regions carrying most of the als - related mutations ( i.e [.] , the catalytic center , the region of dimerization , and [the] loops between the β - strands of the β - barrel ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 this 2 mutation
2 mutation 30 and
3 is 4 located
3 is 30 and
4 located 6 of
5 outside 6 of
6 of 8 regions
7 the 8 regions
8 regions 9 carrying
8 regions 11 of
8 regions 16 mutations
9 carrying 10 most
11 of 13 als
12 the 13 als
14 - 16 mutations
15 related 16 mutations
16 mutations 18 i.e
16 mutations 26 region
16 mutations 29 ,
17 ( 18 i.e
18 i.e 23 center
18 i.e 24 ,
20 , 23 center
21 the 23 center
22 catalytic 23 center
23 center 24 ,
24 , 26 region
25 the 26 region
26 region 27 of
26 region 29 ,
27 of 28 dimerization
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 loops
30 and 33 between
33 between 35 β
34 the 35 β
35 β 37 strands
36 - 37 strands
37 strands 38 of
37 strands 43 )
38 of 42 barrel
39 the 42 barrel
40 β 41 -
40 β 42 barrel

in conclusion , we identified a novel sod1 mutation in a patient with slow disease progression and supported the idea that different sod1 mutations can lead to distinct als phenotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 we
3 , 17 and
4 we 17 and
5 identified 9 mutation
5 identified 10 in
5 identified 13 with
5 identified 17 and
6 a 9 mutation
7 novel 9 mutation
8 sod1 9 mutation
10 in 12 patient
11 a 12 patient
13 with 16 progression
14 slow 15 disease
15 disease 16 progression
17 and 18 supported
18 supported 20 idea
19 the 20 idea
20 idea 21 that
20 idea 30 phenotypes
21 that 23 sod1
21 that 30 phenotypes
22 different 23 sod1
23 sod1 24 mutations
23 sod1 26 lead
23 sod1 30 phenotypes
24 mutations 25 can
25 can 26 lead
26 lead 27 to
27 to 29 als
28 distinct 29 als

accumulation of the transactive response dna - binding protein 43 ( tdp - 43 ) is a major hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders , collectively known as tdp - 43 proteinopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
1 accumulation 2 of
1 accumulation 8 binding
1 accumulation 16 is
2 of 6 dna
3 the 6 dna
4 transactive 6 dna
5 response 6 dna
7 - 8 binding
8 binding 9 protein
8 binding 15 )
9 protein 10 43
9 protein 12 tdp
11 ( 12 tdp
12 tdp 14 43
12 tdp 15 )
13 - 14 43
14 43 15 )
16 is 19 hallmark
16 is 26 known
17 a 18 major
17 a 19 hallmark
18 major 19 hallmark
19 hallmark 20 of
20 of 23 disorders
21 several 23 disorders
22 neurodegenerative 23 disorders
24 , 26 known
25 collectively 26 known
26 known 27 as
26 known 32 .
27 as 28 tdp
28 tdp 31 proteinopathies
29 - 31 proteinopathies
30 43 31 proteinopathies
31 proteinopathies 32 .

the most common tdp - 43 proteinopathies , frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tdp - 43 - positive inclusions , and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , share overlapping neuropathological and clinical phenotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tdp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 tdp
3 common 4 tdp
5 - 7 proteinopathies
5 - 16 -
6 43 7 proteinopathies
7 proteinopathies 11 degeneration
7 proteinopathies 15 43
8 , 11 degeneration
9 frontotemporal 11 degeneration
10 lobar 11 degeneration
11 degeneration 12 with
11 degeneration 14 -
12 with 13 tdp
14 - 15 43
15 43 16 -
16 - 20 and
16 - 31 .
17 positive 18 inclusions
18 inclusions 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 sclerosis
20 and 24 ,
20 and 25 share
20 and 30 phenotypes
21 amyotrophic 23 sclerosis
22 lateral 23 sclerosis
25 share 26 overlapping
25 share 30 phenotypes
26 overlapping 28 and
27 neuropathological 28 and
28 and 29 clinical

the development and detailed analysis of animal models of tdp - 43 proteinopathies are critical for understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 and
3 and 5 analysis
3 and 6 of
3 and 9 of
3 and 13 proteinopathies
3 and 17 understanding
4 detailed 5 analysis
6 of 8 models
7 animal 8 models
9 of 10 tdp
11 - 12 43
12 43 13 proteinopathies
13 proteinopathies 14 are
14 are 15 critical
15 critical 16 for
16 for 17 understanding
17 understanding 19 pathogenesis
18 the 19 pathogenesis
19 pathogenesis 20 of
20 of 22 disorders
21 these 22 disorders

transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human tdp - 43 ( herein referred to as htdp - 43 ) are characterized by neurodegeneration and reduced life span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 transgenic 2 mice
2 mice 3 overexpressing
2 mice 8 43
2 mice 18 are
3 overexpressing 6 tdp
4 mutant 6 tdp
5 human 6 tdp
7 - 8 43
8 43 10 herein
8 43 17 )
9 ( 10 herein
10 herein 12 to
10 herein 17 )
11 referred 12 to
12 to 13 as
13 as 14 htdp
14 htdp 16 43
15 - 16 43
16 43 17 )
18 are 19 characterized
19 characterized 20 by
20 by 22 and
21 neurodegeneration 22 and
22 and 25 span
23 reduced 24 life
24 life 25 span

however , little is known about the behavioral phenotype of these mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
6 about 9 phenotype
7 the 9 phenotype
8 behavioral 9 phenotype
9 phenotype 10 of
10 of 12 mice
11 these 12 mice

here we report the novel finding that htdp - 43 mice develop deficits in cognition , motor performance , and coordination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 report
3 report 6 finding
3 report 14 in
4 the 6 finding
5 novel 6 finding
6 finding 7 that
7 that 11 mice
7 that 12 develop
8 htdp 9 -
8 htdp 11 mice
10 43 11 mice
11 mice 12 develop
12 develop 13 deficits
14 in 20 and
15 cognition 16 ,
16 , 18 performance
16 , 20 and
17 motor 18 performance
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 coordination

we show that these behavioral deficits are associated with the accumulation of nuclear and cytosolic tdp - 43 [c] - terminal fragments , a decrease in endogenous tdp - 43 levels , and synaptic loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 6 deficits
3 that 8 associated
4 these 6 deficits
5 behavioral 6 deficits
6 deficits 7 are
7 are 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 accumulation
10 the 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 of
12 of 16 tdp
13 nuclear 14 and
14 and 15 cytosolic
14 and 16 tdp
16 tdp 18 43
17 - 18 43
18 43 20 -
20 - 33 and
21 terminal 22 fragments
22 fragments 23 ,
23 , 25 decrease
23 , 33 and
24 a 25 decrease
25 decrease 26 in
26 in 28 tdp
27 endogenous 28 tdp
28 tdp 31 levels
29 - 31 levels
30 43 31 levels
31 levels 32 ,
33 and 35 loss
34 synaptic 35 loss

our findings provide critical insights into disease pathology , and will help guide future preclinical studies aimed at testing the effects of potential therapeutic agents on the onset and progression of tdp - 43 proteinopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 10 and
3 provide 5 insights
3 provide 10 and
4 critical 5 insights
5 insights 6 into
6 into 8 pathology
7 disease 8 pathology
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 will
11 will 12 help
12 help 13 guide
13 guide 16 studies
13 guide 18 at
13 guide 26 on
14 future 16 studies
15 preclinical 16 studies
16 studies 17 aimed
18 at 19 testing
19 testing 21 effects
20 the 21 effects
21 effects 22 of
22 of 25 agents
23 potential 25 agents
24 therapeutic 25 agents
26 on 29 and
27 the 28 onset
28 onset 29 and
29 and 30 progression
29 and 31 of
31 of 32 tdp
32 tdp 35 proteinopathies
33 - 35 proteinopathies
34 43 35 proteinopathies
35 proteinopathies 36 .

objective : sleep problems may adversely affect neuronal health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 sleep
3 sleep 4 problems
3 sleep 7 affect
4 problems 5 may
5 may 7 affect
6 adversely 7 affect
7 affect 9 health
8 neuronal 9 health

we examined a subjective report of change ( reduced duration [and/or] depth ) in sleep [pattern] in relation to subsequent risk of incident all [-] cause dementia and alzheimer disease ( ad ) over 9 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 5 report
2 examined 14 in
2 examined 19 to
3 a 5 report
4 subjective 5 report
5 report 6 of
5 report 12 depth
6 of 7 change
8 ( 12 depth
9 reduced 10 duration
10 duration 12 depth
12 depth 13 )
14 in 15 sleep
17 in 18 relation
18 relation 19 to
19 to 21 risk
20 subsequent 21 risk
21 risk 22 of
21 risk 34 over
22 of 30 disease
23 incident 30 disease
24 all 27 dementia
26 cause 27 dementia
27 dementia 28 and
28 and 29 alzheimer
28 and 30 disease
30 disease 32 ad
31 ( 32 ad
32 ad 33 )
34 over 36 years
35 9 36 years

methods : this longitudinal study used data from a population [-] based sample of 214 swedish adults aged 75 and over who were dementia - free both at baseline and at first follow [-] up ( 3 years later ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 data
2 : 20 and
3 this 4 longitudinal
4 longitudinal 5 study
5 study 6 used
6 used 7 data
8 from 13 sample
8 from 20 and
9 a 13 sample
10 population 12 based
12 based 13 sample
13 sample 14 of
14 of 17 adults
15 214 17 adults
16 swedish 17 adults
17 adults 18 aged
18 aged 19 75
20 and 21 over
21 over 22 who
22 who 23 were
23 were 24 dementia
25 - 30 and
26 free 27 both
26 free 28 at
26 free 30 and
28 at 29 baseline
30 and 33 follow
31 at 32 first
32 first 33 follow
33 follow 35 up
33 follow 39 later
36 ( 39 later
37 3 38 years
38 years 39 later
39 later 40 )

the sample was 80 % [female] and , on average , 83.4 years [of] age at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 3 was
3 was 5 %
4 80 5 %
7 and 8 ,
7 and 13 years
7 and 15 age
9 on 10 average
10 average 11 ,
10 average 13 years
12 83.4 13 years
13 years 15 age
15 age 16 at
16 at 17 baseline

all participants underwent a thorough clinical examination to ascertain all - cause dementia and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 underwent
3 underwent 7 examination
3 underwent 8 to
4 a 5 thorough
4 a 7 examination
5 thorough 7 examination
6 clinical 7 examination
8 to 9 ascertain
9 ascertain 10 all
11 - 14 and
11 - 16 .
12 cause 13 dementia
13 dementia 14 and
14 and 15 ad

results : forty percent of participants reported a change in sleep duration at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 percent
2 : 7 reported
2 : 15 .
3 forty 4 percent
4 percent 5 of
4 percent 7 reported
5 of 6 participants
7 reported 9 change
7 reported 10 in
7 reported 13 at
8 a 9 change
10 in 12 duration
11 sleep 12 duration
13 at 14 baseline

between the 6th and 9th year after baseline , 28.5 % were diagnosed with all - cause dementia , 22.0 % [of] [whom] had ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 between 6 year
1 between 19 ,
1 between 21 %
2 the 6 year
3 6th 4 and
4 and 5 9th
4 and 6 year
6 year 11 %
6 year 13 diagnosed
6 year 18 dementia
7 after 8 baseline
7 after 9 ,
7 after 11 %
10 28.5 11 %
11 % 12 were
12 were 13 diagnosed
13 diagnosed 14 with
14 with 15 all
16 - 18 dementia
17 cause 18 dementia
18 dementia 19 ,
20 22.0 21 %
21 % 24 had
24 had 25 ad

reduced sleep was associated with [a] 75 % increased all - cause dementia risk ( hazard ratio : 1.75 ; 95 % confidence interval : 1.04 - 2.93 ; wald = 4.55 , df = 1 , p = 0.035 ) and [double] the risk of ad [(] hazard ratio : 2.01 [;] 95 % confidence interval : 1.12 - 3.61 [;] wald = 5.47 [,] df = 1 , p = 0.019 ) after adjusting for age , gender , and education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sleep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 reduced 2 sleep
2 sleep 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 %
5 with 10 all
7 75 8 %
8 % 9 increased
11 - 12 cause
11 - 18 :
12 cause 14 risk
13 dementia 14 risk
14 risk 17 ratio
15 ( 17 ratio
16 hazard 17 ratio
17 ratio 18 :
18 : 19 1.75
18 : 20 ;
20 ; 24 interval
20 ; 27 -
21 95 24 interval
22 % 23 confidence
23 confidence 24 interval
24 interval 25 :
25 : 26 1.04
27 - 28 2.93
27 - 29 ;
29 ; 30 wald
29 ; 31 =
29 ; 33 ,
30 wald 31 =
31 = 32 4.55
33 , 34 df
33 , 35 =
33 , 42 and
34 df 35 =
35 = 36 1
35 = 39 =
37 , 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.035
39 = 41 )
42 and 45 risk
44 the 45 risk
45 risk 46 of
45 risk 51 :
46 of 50 ratio
47 ad 49 hazard
49 hazard 50 ratio
51 : 57 interval
51 : 58 :
52 2.01 56 confidence
54 95 55 %
55 % 56 confidence
56 confidence 57 interval
58 : 63 wald
58 : 64 =
59 1.12 60 -
60 - 61 3.61
60 - 63 wald
63 wald 64 =
64 = 65 5.47
65 5.47 67 df
65 5.47 76 adjusting
67 df 68 =
68 = 69 1
68 = 75 after
69 1 72 =
70 , 72 =
71 p 72 =
72 = 73 0.019
72 = 74 )
75 after 76 adjusting
76 adjusting 77 for
77 for 78 age
78 age 82 and
79 , 82 and
80 gender 82 and
81 , 82 and
82 and 83 education
82 and 84 .

the results remained after adjusting for lifestyle and vascular factors but not after adjusting for depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 remained
3 remained 4 after
3 remained 11 but
3 remained 15 for
4 after 5 adjusting
6 for 8 and
6 for 11 but
7 lifestyle 8 and
8 and 10 factors
9 vascular 10 factors
11 but 12 not
11 but 13 after
13 after 14 adjusting
15 for 17 symptoms
16 depressive 17 symptoms

no evidence supported a moderating effect of the use of sleeping pills , and the sleep - dementia [relationship] remained after controlling for the presence of the apolipoprotein e ε4 allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 no 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 supported
3 supported 6 effect
4 a 6 effect
5 moderating 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 9 use
8 the 9 use
9 use 10 of
10 of 14 and
11 sleeping 12 pills
12 pills 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 sleep
15 the 16 sleep
17 - 18 dementia
17 - 20 remained
17 - 32 .
18 dementia 20 remained
20 remained 21 after
21 after 22 controlling
22 controlling 23 for
22 controlling 31 allele
23 for 25 presence
24 the 25 presence
25 presence 26 of
26 of 30 ε4
27 the 30 ε4
28 apolipoprotein 29 e
28 apolipoprotein 30 ε4

conclusion : self - reported sleep problems may increase the risk for dementia , and depressive symptoms may explain this relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 self
2 : 15 and
3 self 8 may
4 - 5 reported
5 reported 7 problems
5 reported 8 may
6 sleep 7 problems
8 may 15 and
9 increase 11 risk
9 increase 15 and
10 the 11 risk
11 risk 12 for
12 for 13 dementia
14 , 15 and
15 and 19 explain
16 depressive 17 symptoms
17 symptoms 18 may
18 may 19 explain
19 explain 21 relationship
20 this 21 relationship

future research should determine whether treatment , in particular , behavioral or nonpharmacologic treatment , may represent one avenue toward reduction of dementia risk in late life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
5 whether 6 treatment
5 whether 17 represent
6 treatment 9 particular
6 treatment 14 treatment
6 treatment 16 may
7 , 9 particular
8 in 9 particular
9 particular 10 ,
10 , 14 treatment
11 behavioral 12 or
12 or 13 nonpharmacologic
12 or 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 ,
16 may 17 represent
17 represent 19 avenue
17 represent 20 toward
17 represent 25 in
18 one 19 avenue
20 toward 21 reduction
21 reduction 22 of
22 of 24 risk
23 dementia 24 risk
25 in 27 life
26 late 27 life

objectives : financial strain , defined as inadequate income to cover basic needs , is related to depression in minority populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 strain
3 financial 4 strain
5 , 14 ,
6 defined 9 income
6 defined 10 to
6 defined 14 ,
7 as 8 inadequate
8 inadequate 9 income
10 to 11 cover
11 cover 13 needs
12 basic 13 needs
14 , 15 is
15 is 16 related
16 related 17 to
16 related 19 in
17 to 18 depression
19 in 21 populations
20 minority 21 populations

it is unclear whether interventions can improve depression in those reporting financial strain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 unclear
3 unclear 4 whether
4 whether 5 interventions
4 whether 7 improve
5 interventions 6 can
6 can 7 improve
7 improve 8 depression
7 improve 9 in
9 in 10 those
10 those 11 reporting
11 reporting 13 strain
12 financial 13 strain

design : randomized controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 trial
2 : 6 .
3 randomized 5 trial
4 controlled 5 trial

setting : philadelphia senior center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 center
2 : 6 .
3 philadelphia 5 center
4 senior 5 center

participants : a total of 208 african [-] american adults 55 years of age and older with mild [to] severe depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 10 adults
6 208 7 african
7 african 10 adults
9 american 10 adults
10 adults 11 55
10 adults 15 and
12 years 13 of
12 years 15 and
13 of 14 age
15 and 16 older
15 and 17 with
17 with 22 symptoms
18 mild 22 symptoms
20 severe 22 symptoms
21 depressive 22 symptoms

measurements : beat the blues ( btb ) depression intervention , which includes care management , referral/linkage , stress reduction , depression education , and behavioral activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 18 ,
3 beat 10 intervention
3 beat 17 referral/linkage
3 beat 18 ,
4 the 10 intervention
5 blues 7 btb
6 ( 7 btb
7 btb 8 )
7 btb 10 intervention
9 depression 10 intervention
10 intervention 12 which
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 includes
12 which 16 ,
13 includes 15 management
14 care 15 management
18 , 19 stress
19 stress 25 and
20 reduction 21 ,
21 , 23 education
21 , 25 and
22 depression 23 education
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 activation
26 behavioral 27 activation

measurements included responses to the patient health questionnaire - 9 , financial strain , and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 measurements 15 and
2 included 3 responses
2 included 4 to
2 included 15 and
4 to 8 questionnaire
5 the 8 questionnaire
6 patient 7 health
7 health 8 questionnaire
8 questionnaire 10 9
8 questionnaire 13 strain
9 - 10 9
10 9 11 ,
11 , 13 strain
12 financial 13 strain
13 strain 14 ,
15 and 16 age

results : although financial strain was related to depressive symptoms at baseline , participants receiving btb at all levels of financial strain showed reduced depressive symptoms compared with a waitlist control group at 4 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 14 participants
2 : 23 showed
3 although 5 strain
3 although 7 related
3 although 14 participants
4 financial 5 strain
5 strain 6 was
6 was 7 related
8 to 10 symptoms
8 to 14 participants
9 depressive 10 symptoms
11 at 12 baseline
11 at 13 ,
11 at 14 participants
14 participants 15 receiving
14 participants 23 showed
15 receiving 16 btb
15 receiving 17 at
17 at 19 levels
18 all 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 22 strain
21 financial 22 strain
23 showed 26 symptoms
24 reduced 26 symptoms
25 depressive 26 symptoms
26 symptoms 27 compared
26 symptoms 33 at
27 compared 28 with
28 with 32 group
29 a 30 waitlist
29 a 32 group
30 waitlist 31 control
31 control 32 group
33 at 35 months
34 4 35 months

btb participants reporting financial strain had a mean ( standard deviation ) decrease of 6.4 ( 0.85 ) points on the patient health questionnaire - 9 , reflecting a clinically meaningful improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 btb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 points
1 btb 2 participants
1 btb 13 decrease
1 btb 14 of
1 btb 19 points
2 participants 3 reporting
2 participants 13 decrease
3 reporting 5 strain
3 reporting 6 had
4 financial 5 strain
5 strain 6 had
6 had 8 mean
7 a 8 mean
8 mean 11 deviation
9 ( 11 deviation
10 standard 11 deviation
11 deviation 12 )
14 of 15 6.4
15 6.4 17 0.85
16 ( 17 0.85
17 0.85 18 )
19 points 20 on
19 points 24 questionnaire
19 points 28 reflecting
21 the 24 questionnaire
22 patient 23 health
23 health 24 questionnaire
24 questionnaire 26 9
25 - 26 9
26 9 27 ,
27 , 28 reflecting
28 reflecting 32 improvement
28 reflecting 33 .
29 a 30 clinically
29 a 32 improvement
30 clinically 31 meaningful
31 meaningful 32 improvement

conclusions : this nonpharmacologic intervention reduced depressive symptoms in both african [-] american subjects [with] and without financial strain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 8 symptoms
3 this 4 nonpharmacologic
4 nonpharmacologic 5 intervention
5 intervention 6 reduced
6 reduced 8 symptoms
7 depressive 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 16 and
9 in 14 subjects
9 in 16 and
10 both 14 subjects
11 african 14 subjects
13 american 14 subjects
16 and 17 without
17 without 19 strain
18 financial 19 strain

however , screening for [and] helping people manage financial strain may boost the magnitude of intervention [benefit] for those with financial strain and should be explored as part of depression care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 screening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 screening
3 screening 4 for
3 screening 23 and
4 for 6 helping
6 helping 7 people
6 helping 8 manage
8 manage 10 strain
9 financial 10 strain
11 may 12 boost
11 may 23 and
12 boost 16 intervention
12 boost 18 for
12 boost 20 with
13 the 14 magnitude
14 magnitude 15 of
14 magnitude 16 intervention
15 of 16 intervention
18 for 19 those
20 with 22 strain
21 financial 22 strain
23 and 24 should
23 and 27 as
23 and 31 care
24 should 25 be
25 be 26 explored
27 as 30 depression
28 part 29 of
28 part 30 depression
29 of 30 depression

genomic instability is recognized as one of the primary mechanisms that lead to organismal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 genomic 2 instability
2 instability 3 is
3 is 4 recognized
4 recognized 5 as
5 as 6 one
6 one 7 of
7 of 10 mechanisms
8 the 10 mechanisms
9 primary 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 that
10 mechanisms 12 lead
11 that 12 lead
12 lead 13 to
13 to 15 aging
14 organismal 15 aging

when genomic maintenance systems , such as nucleotide excision repair , are defective , genomic instability is promoted , which causes accelerated aging ( progeria ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 instability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 promoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 when 4 systems
1 when 12 are
1 when 14 ,
1 when 16 instability
2 genomic 3 maintenance
3 maintenance 4 systems
4 systems 7 as
4 systems 12 are
5 , 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 10 repair
7 as 11 ,
8 nucleotide 10 repair
9 excision 10 repair
12 are 13 defective
15 genomic 16 instability
16 instability 17 is
17 is 18 promoted
19 , 20 which
19 , 22 accelerated
20 which 21 causes
21 causes 22 accelerated
22 accelerated 23 aging
23 aging 25 progeria
24 ( 25 progeria
25 progeria 26 )

this can be observed in humans as well as in mouse models of progeroid syndromes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 observed
4 observed 5 in
4 observed 7 as
4 observed 9 as
5 in 6 humans
7 as 8 well
9 as 10 in
10 in 12 models
11 mouse 12 models
12 models 13 of
13 of 15 syndromes
14 progeroid 15 syndromes

the role of genomic instability related to nuclear dna is currently under investigation with respect to its role in cardiovascular disease , and in particular those cardiovascular diseases that are associated with vascular aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 6 related
2 role 10 is
3 of 5 instability
4 genomic 5 instability
6 related 7 to
7 to 9 dna
8 nuclear 9 dna
10 is 11 currently
10 is 12 under
10 is 14 with
12 under 13 investigation
14 with 15 respect
14 with 28 diseases
15 respect 16 to
16 to 18 role
17 its 18 role
18 role 23 and
19 in 21 disease
19 in 23 and
20 cardiovascular 21 disease
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 particular
24 in 25 particular
26 those 28 diseases
27 cardiovascular 28 diseases
28 diseases 29 that
28 diseases 30 are
29 that 30 are
30 are 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
32 with 34 aging
33 vascular 34 aging

in this review , we highlight the first findings in this field of research that come from experiments in nucleotide excision repair [-] defective mouse models and from genetic studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 highlight
6 highlight 9 findings
7 the 8 first
7 the 9 findings
9 findings 10 in
9 findings 15 that
9 findings 16 come
10 in 12 field
11 this 12 field
12 field 13 of
13 of 14 research
15 that 16 come
16 come 17 from
16 come 27 and
17 from 18 experiments
19 in 26 models
19 in 27 and
20 nucleotide 26 models
21 excision 26 models
22 repair 26 models
24 defective 25 mouse
25 mouse 26 models
27 and 28 from
28 from 30 studies
29 genetic 30 studies

the musculoskeletal system functions because of the precise and coordinated assembly of its components , namely bones and joints , muscles , tendons and ligaments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 system
2 musculoskeletal 3 system
3 system 4 functions
4 functions 5 because
5 because 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 the 8 precise
8 precise 9 and
9 and 11 assembly
9 and 12 of
9 and 16 namely
10 coordinated 11 assembly
12 of 14 components
13 its 14 components
15 , 16 namely
16 namely 18 and
16 namely 20 ,
17 bones 18 and
18 and 19 joints
20 , 24 and
21 muscles 22 ,
22 , 23 tendons
22 , 24 and
24 and 25 ligaments

this coordination requires cross [-] talk between the tissues , which is mediated by various molecular and mechanical cues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 coordination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 coordination
2 coordination 3 requires
3 requires 6 talk
3 requires 7 between
4 cross 6 talk
7 between 9 tissues
8 the 9 tissues
10 , 11 which
10 , 13 mediated
11 which 12 is
12 is 13 mediated
13 mediated 14 by
14 by 19 cues
15 various 19 cues
16 molecular 17 and
17 and 18 mechanical
17 and 19 cues

in this review , we summarize the progress that has been made in understanding the involvement of mechanical loads exerted by the musculature in the development of skeletal and tendinous tissues , in their integration into one functional unit and in the maintenance of this system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarize
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 summarize
6 summarize 8 progress
7 the 8 progress
8 progress 9 that
8 progress 10 has
9 that 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 made
12 made 13 in
12 made 21 by
13 in 14 understanding
14 understanding 16 involvement
15 the 16 involvement
16 involvement 17 of
16 involvement 20 exerted
17 of 19 loads
18 mechanical 19 loads
21 by 23 musculature
22 the 23 musculature
23 musculature 24 in
24 in 26 development
25 the 26 development
26 development 27 of
27 of 31 tissues
28 skeletal 29 and
29 and 30 tendinous
29 and 31 tissues
31 tissues 33 in
32 , 33 in
33 in 35 integration
33 in 47 .
34 their 35 integration
35 integration 40 and
36 into 39 unit
36 into 40 and
37 one 39 unit
38 functional 39 unit
40 and 41 in
41 in 43 maintenance
42 the 43 maintenance
43 maintenance 44 of
44 of 46 system
45 this 46 system

in addition , we discuss the possible role of muscle [load] in aging and propose new directions for future studies of the musculoskeletal system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 14 and
5 discuss 8 role
5 discuss 12 in
5 discuss 14 and
6 the 8 role
7 possible 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 10 muscle
12 in 13 aging
14 and 15 propose
15 propose 17 directions
15 propose 18 for
16 new 17 directions
18 for 20 studies
19 future 20 studies
20 studies 21 of
21 of 24 system
22 the 24 system
23 musculoskeletal 24 system

system - wide approaches are now being applied to study vaccine responses , whose mechanisms of action , and failure , are not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 system 2 -
1 system 4 approaches
3 wide 4 approaches
4 approaches 5 are
5 are 6 now
5 are 7 being
7 being 8 applied
8 applied 9 to
9 to 10 study
10 study 12 responses
11 vaccine 12 responses
13 , 14 whose
13 , 25 understood
14 whose 15 mechanisms
15 mechanisms 16 of
15 mechanisms 19 and
16 of 17 action
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 failure
19 and 21 ,
19 and 22 are
22 are 23 not
22 are 24 well
22 are 25 understood

these works have repeatedly shown vaccine [response] to be an orchestrated process involving multiple arms of immunity most noticeable sensing and innate components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 works
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 works
2 works 3 have
3 have 5 shown
4 repeatedly 5 shown
5 shown 6 vaccine
5 shown 20 sensing
5 shown 21 and
6 vaccine 8 to
6 vaccine 13 involving
8 to 9 be
9 be 12 process
10 an 12 process
11 orchestrated 12 process
12 process 13 involving
13 involving 15 arms
14 multiple 15 arms
15 arms 16 of
16 of 17 immunity
18 most 20 sensing
19 noticeable 20 sensing
21 and 23 components
22 innate 23 components

prediction of vaccine responses based on system [-] wide measures is achievable , but challenges remain for robust population wide predictions based only on pre - vaccination measures , especially in partially efficacious vaccines such as influenza . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prediction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 prediction 2 of
1 prediction 5 based
1 prediction 11 is
2 of 4 responses
3 vaccine 4 responses
5 based 6 on
6 on 10 measures
7 system 10 measures
9 wide 10 measures
11 is 12 achievable
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 challenges
14 but 16 remain
15 challenges 16 remain
16 remain 17 for
17 for 19 population
18 robust 19 population
19 population 21 predictions
19 population 22 based
20 wide 21 predictions
21 predictions 22 based
22 based 23 only
22 based 24 on
22 based 30 especially
22 based 36 as
24 on 25 pre
25 pre 28 measures
26 - 28 measures
27 vaccination 28 measures
28 measures 29 ,
30 especially 31 in
31 in 34 vaccines
32 partially 33 efficacious
33 efficacious 34 vaccines
35 such 36 as
36 as 37 influenza

this is especially true in older adults , who are often less responsive to vaccination and exhibit high level of variation compared to young in many components of immunity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 especially
2 is 4 true
4 true 5 in
5 in 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 , 9 who
8 , 10 are
9 who 10 are
10 are 11 often
10 are 13 responsive
12 less 13 responsive
13 responsive 14 to
13 responsive 24 young
13 responsive 25 in
14 to 16 and
15 vaccination 16 and
16 and 17 exhibit
16 and 19 level
16 and 23 to
18 high 19 level
19 level 20 of
19 level 22 compared
20 of 21 variation
22 compared 23 to
25 in 27 components
26 many 27 components
27 components 28 of
28 of 29 immunity

despite this increase in variation , most of the studies on aging use group averages [of] immune [phenotypes] to model immune system behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 despite 3 increase
1 despite 10 studies
2 this 3 increase
4 in 5 variation
4 in 6 ,
4 in 10 studies
7 most 8 of
7 most 10 studies
8 of 10 studies
9 the 10 studies
10 studies 11 on
10 studies 13 use
11 on 12 aging
13 use 15 averages
14 group 15 averages
15 averages 17 immune
17 immune 19 to
17 immune 20 model
19 to 20 model
20 model 23 behavior
21 immune 22 system
22 system 23 behavior

using systems approaches , it is possible to exploit this variation to form distinguishable clusters of [phenotypes] within [and] across individuals to discover underlying immune states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 using 2 systems
1 using 3 approaches
4 , 5 it
4 , 6 is
5 it 6 is
6 is 7 possible
7 possible 8 to
7 possible 9 exploit
8 to 9 exploit
9 exploit 11 variation
9 exploit 20 across
10 this 11 variation
11 variation 12 to
11 variation 18 within
12 to 13 form
13 form 15 clusters
14 distinguishable 15 clusters
15 clusters 16 of
16 of 18 within
20 across 21 individuals
21 individuals 22 to
21 individuals 23 discover
21 individuals 24 underlying
22 to 23 discover
24 underlying 26 states
25 immune 26 states

background : it has been argued that only 12 % of adults have the necessary health literacy to manage their health care effectively , which can lead to difficulties in self [-] care activities , such as medication [adherence] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 6 argued
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 argued
6 argued 7 that
7 that 8 only
7 that 10 %
7 that 13 have
9 12 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 13 have
11 of 12 adults
13 have 17 literacy
13 have 37 as
14 the 17 literacy
15 necessary 16 health
16 health 17 literacy
17 literacy 18 to
17 literacy 19 manage
17 literacy 25 which
18 to 19 manage
19 manage 22 care
19 manage 23 effectively
20 their 22 care
21 health 22 care
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 can
25 which 35 ,
26 can 27 lead
27 lead 28 to
27 lead 30 in
28 to 29 difficulties
30 in 34 activities
31 self 33 care
33 care 34 activities
36 such 37 as
37 as 38 medication

prior research suggests that health literacy may influence knowledge , self - efficacy and self - care , but this has not been fully examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 prior 2 research
2 research 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 6 literacy
4 that 8 influence
5 health 6 literacy
6 literacy 7 may
7 may 8 influence
8 influence 9 knowledge
10 , 11 self
10 , 12 -
12 - 14 and
12 - 19 but
13 efficacy 14 and
14 and 15 self
14 and 17 care
16 - 17 care
17 care 18 ,
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 this
19 but 25 examined
20 this 21 has
21 has 22 not
21 has 23 been
23 been 24 fully
23 been 25 examined

objective : to test a model to explain the relationships between health literacy , heart failure knowledge , self - efficacy , and self - care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
3 to 4 test
4 test 6 model
4 test 7 to
5 a 6 model
7 to 8 explain
8 explain 10 relationships
8 explain 11 between
9 the 10 relationships
11 between 13 literacy
12 health 13 literacy
14 , 15 heart
14 , 18 ,
15 heart 17 knowledge
16 failure 17 knowledge
18 , 19 self
18 , 20 -
20 - 23 and
20 - 25 -
21 efficacy 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 self
25 - 26 care

methods : prior to receiving [clinic] - based education , newly referred patients to 3 heart failure clinics completed assessments of health literacy , heart failure knowledge , self - efficacy , self - care , and demographics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 prior
3 prior 4 to
4 to 5 receiving
7 - 9 education
7 - 10 ,
7 - 28 ,
8 based 9 education
10 , 13 patients
10 , 19 completed
11 newly 12 referred
12 referred 13 patients
13 patients 14 to
13 patients 19 completed
14 to 18 clinics
15 3 18 clinics
16 heart 18 clinics
17 failure 18 clinics
19 completed 20 assessments
20 assessments 21 of
20 assessments 27 knowledge
21 of 23 literacy
22 health 23 literacy
24 , 27 knowledge
25 heart 27 knowledge
26 failure 27 knowledge
27 knowledge 28 ,
28 , 29 self
28 , 30 -
30 - 31 efficacy
30 - 32 ,
32 , 33 self
32 , 34 -
34 - 37 and
35 care 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 demographics

structural equation modeling was completed to examine the strength of the [inter] [-] variable relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 structural 2 equation
2 equation 3 modeling
3 modeling 4 was
4 was 5 completed
5 completed 6 to
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 strength
8 the 9 strength
9 strength 10 of
10 of 15 relationships
11 the 15 relationships
14 variable 15 relationships

results : of 81 participants recruited , data from 63 patients were complete . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 5 participants
4 81 5 participants
5 participants 6 recruited
7 , 8 data
7 , 12 were
8 data 9 from
8 data 12 were
9 from 11 patients
10 63 11 patients
12 were 13 complete

health literacy was independently associated with knowledge ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 health 2 literacy
2 literacy 3 was
3 was 4 independently
3 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 knowledge
7 knowledge 10 <
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.001
10 < 12 )

health literacy was not related to self [-] care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 health 2 literacy
2 literacy 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 6 to
4 not 5 related
6 to 9 care
7 self 9 care

self - efficacy was independently - associated with self [-] care [adherence] ( p = 0.016 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 self 2 -
1 self 3 efficacy
3 efficacy 4 was
4 was 5 independently
4 was 7 associated
6 - 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 17 )
8 with 11 care
9 self 11 care
11 care 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.016

no other relationships were statistically significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 no 2 other
2 other 3 relationships
3 relationships 4 were
4 were 5 statistically
4 were 6 significant

the model had good fit [(] comparative fit index [=] 1.000 [ )(and explained 33.6 % of the variance in knowledge and 27.6 % in self - care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 model
2 model 13 )(and
2 model 22 and
3 had 9 index
3 had 13 )(and
4 good 9 index
5 fit 9 index
7 comparative 9 index
8 fit 9 index
9 index 11 1.000
13 )(and 14 explained
13 )(and 16 %
13 )(and 20 in
15 33.6 16 %
16 % 17 of
17 of 19 variance
18 the 19 variance
20 in 21 knowledge
22 and 26 self
23 27.6 25 in
24 % 25 in
25 in 26 self
27 - 28 care

conclusions : health literacy influences knowledge about heart failure but not self - care adherence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 literacy
2 : 5 influences
2 : 13 -
3 health 4 literacy
4 literacy 5 influences
5 influences 10 but
6 knowledge 7 about
6 knowledge 10 but
7 about 9 failure
8 heart 9 failure
10 but 11 not
10 but 12 self
13 - 15 adherence
13 - 16 .
14 care 15 adherence

[instead] [,] self - efficacy influenced self - care adherence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
4 - 7 self
4 - 8 -
5 efficacy 6 influenced
6 influenced 7 self
8 - 10 adherence
8 - 11 .
9 care 10 adherence

future research should incorporate additional factors that may better model the relationships between health literacy , knowledge , self - efficacy , and self - care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 incorporate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 incorporate
4 incorporate 6 factors
4 incorporate 13 between
5 additional 6 factors
6 factors 7 that
6 factors 8 may
7 that 8 may
8 may 10 model
9 better 10 model
10 model 12 relationships
11 the 12 relationships
13 between 15 literacy
14 health 15 literacy
15 literacy 17 knowledge
16 , 17 knowledge
17 knowledge 18 ,
18 , 19 self
18 , 20 -
20 - 23 and
20 - 26 care
21 efficacy 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 self
23 and 25 -
23 and 26 care

life expectancy for people with haemophilia ( pwh ) has improved and is now approaching that of the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expectancy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 life 2 expectancy
2 expectancy 3 for
2 expectancy 12 and
3 for 4 people
4 people 5 with
5 with 6 haemophilia
6 haemophilia 8 pwh
7 ( 8 pwh
8 pwh 9 )
10 has 11 improved
10 has 12 and
12 and 13 is
13 is 14 now
13 is 15 approaching
15 approaching 16 that
16 that 17 of
17 of 20 population
18 the 20 population
19 general 20 population

the growing population of elderly pwh will therefore increasingly face the age - related morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases , malignant disease , liver disease , and bone and joint related diseases , as well as the lifestyle and psychosocial factors that accompany many of these conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
1 the 3 population
2 growing 3 population
3 population 4 of
3 population 7 will
4 of 6 pwh
5 elderly 6 pwh
7 will 10 face
8 therefore 10 face
9 increasingly 10 face
10 face 12 age
11 the 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 morbidities
14 related 17 as
14 related 20 ,
16 such 17 as
17 as 19 diseases
18 cardiovascular 19 diseases
20 , 29 and
20 , 31 related
21 malignant 22 disease
22 disease 23 ,
23 , 25 disease
23 , 27 and
24 liver 25 disease
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 bone
27 and 29 and
29 and 30 joint
29 and 31 related
31 related 32 diseases
32 diseases 36 as
33 , 36 as
34 as 35 well
35 well 36 as
36 as 39 and
36 as 48 .
37 the 38 lifestyle
38 lifestyle 39 and
39 and 41 factors
39 and 42 that
39 and 43 accompany
40 psychosocial 41 factors
42 that 43 accompany
43 accompany 44 many
44 many 45 of
45 of 47 conditions
46 these 47 conditions

for many pwh , frequent contact with haemophilia specialists within the comprehensive care centres supplants the relationship [that] individuals in the general population have with their general practitioners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 contact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 supplants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 for 2 many
1 for 6 contact
3 pwh 4 ,
3 pwh 6 contact
5 frequent 6 contact
6 contact 7 with
6 contact 10 within
6 contact 15 supplants
7 with 9 specialists
8 haemophilia 9 specialists
10 within 14 centres
11 the 14 centres
12 comprehensive 13 care
13 care 14 centres
15 supplants 17 relationship
16 the 17 relationship
17 relationship 19 individuals
17 relationship 24 have
19 individuals 20 in
19 individuals 24 have
20 in 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 general 23 population
24 have 25 with
25 with 28 practitioners
26 their 28 practitioners
27 general 28 practitioners

as a result , there is a risk that elderly pwh may miss the chronic disease screening opportunities offered to the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 there
2 a 3 result
5 there 6 is
6 is 8 risk
7 a 8 risk
8 risk 9 that
9 that 11 pwh
9 that 13 miss
10 elderly 11 pwh
11 pwh 12 may
12 may 13 miss
13 miss 16 disease
13 miss 20 to
14 the 16 disease
15 chronic 16 disease
16 disease 17 screening
17 screening 18 opportunities
18 opportunities 19 offered
20 to 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 general 23 population

this review focuses on the screening tests and examinations recommended for age - related comorbidities in the general population that may be applicable to the growing population of older people with haemophilia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 11 for
4 on 8 and
5 the 7 tests
6 screening 7 tests
7 tests 8 and
8 and 9 examinations
8 and 10 recommended
11 for 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 comorbidities
15 comorbidities 16 in
15 comorbidities 20 that
15 comorbidities 21 may
16 in 19 population
17 the 19 population
18 general 19 population
20 that 21 may
21 may 22 be
22 be 23 applicable
23 applicable 24 to
24 to 27 population
25 the 27 population
26 growing 27 population
27 population 28 of
27 population 31 with
28 of 30 people
29 older 30 people
31 with 32 haemophilia

[non] - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are a chemically heterogeneous group of compounds that provide unmistakable and significant health benefits in the treatment of pain and inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 - 7 drugs
3 steroidal 7 drugs
4 anti 5 -
4 anti 7 drugs
6 inflammatory 7 drugs
7 drugs 9 nsaids
7 drugs 11 are
8 ( 9 nsaids
9 nsaids 10 )
11 are 15 group
12 a 15 group
13 chemically 14 heterogeneous
14 heterogeneous 15 group
15 group 16 of
15 group 18 that
15 group 19 provide
16 of 17 compounds
18 that 19 provide
19 provide 24 benefits
19 provide 25 in
20 unmistakable 21 and
21 and 22 significant
21 and 24 benefits
23 health 24 benefits
25 in 27 treatment
26 the 27 treatment
27 treatment 28 of
28 of 30 and
29 pain 30 and
30 and 31 inflammation

they include traditional nsaids ( tnsaids ) , [which] act by inhibiting both cyclooxygenase ( cox [ )(- 1 and [cox] - 2 and selective cox - 2 inhibitors ( coxibs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 they 8 ,
2 include 4 nsaids
2 include 8 ,
3 traditional 4 nsaids
4 nsaids 6 tnsaids
5 ( 6 tnsaids
6 tnsaids 7 )
8 , 10 act
8 , 11 by
8 , 14 cyclooxygenase
11 by 12 inhibiting
12 inhibiting 13 both
14 cyclooxygenase 24 and
15 ( 24 and
16 cox 20 and
16 cox 24 and
18 )(- 19 1
19 1 20 and
20 and 23 2
22 - 23 2
24 and 26 cox
24 and 29 inhibitors
24 and 32 )
25 selective 26 cox
27 - 29 inhibitors
28 2 29 inhibitors
29 inhibitors 31 coxibs
29 inhibitors 32 )
30 ( 31 coxibs
31 coxibs 32 )

the development [of] biomarkers [predictive] [of] the impact of nsaids on cox [-] 1 and cox - 2 activities [in] [vitro] , ex vivo [and] in vivo [has] [been] [essential] to read out the clinical consequences of selective and [non] [-] selective inhibition of cox isozymes in human beings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 biomarkers
1 the 2 development
2 development 4 biomarkers
4 biomarkers 8 impact
4 biomarkers 11 on
7 the 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
9 of 10 nsaids
11 on 19 activities
12 cox 14 1
12 cox 15 and
15 and 16 cox
15 and 17 -
15 and 19 activities
18 2 19 activities
19 activities 31 to
22 , 31 to
23 ex 24 vivo
24 vivo 31 to
26 in 27 vivo
27 vivo 31 to
31 to 32 read
32 read 33 out
33 out 36 consequences
34 the 36 consequences
35 clinical 36 consequences
36 consequences 37 of
37 of 39 and
38 selective 39 and
39 and 43 inhibition
39 and 50 .
42 selective 43 inhibition
43 inhibition 44 of
44 of 46 isozymes
45 cox 46 isozymes
46 isozymes 47 in
47 in 49 beings
48 human 49 beings

the analgesic and anti - inflammatory effects of nsaids are cox - 2 - dependent effects , unrelated to cox - 2 selectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 analgesic
2 analgesic 3 and
3 and 7 effects
3 and 8 of
3 and 10 are
4 anti 5 -
4 anti 7 effects
6 inflammatory 7 effects
8 of 9 nsaids
10 are 23 selectivity
11 cox 14 -
11 cox 18 unrelated
11 cox 23 selectivity
12 - 14 -
13 2 14 -
14 - 16 effects
14 - 17 ,
15 dependent 16 effects
17 , 18 unrelated
18 unrelated 19 to
18 unrelated 21 -
19 to 20 cox
22 2 23 selectivity

the intensity and duration of these effects are influenced by dose [and] half - life of the nsaid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 intensity
2 intensity 3 and
3 and 4 duration
3 and 5 of
3 and 7 effects
3 and 10 by
3 and 11 dose
5 of 6 these
7 effects 8 are
8 are 9 influenced
9 influenced 10 by
11 dose 13 half
14 - 15 life
15 life 16 of
16 of 18 nsaid
17 the 18 nsaid

however , the inhibition of cox - 1 in cells of the gastrointestinal ( gi ) system and cox - 2 in vascular cells translates into increased risk of serious gi adverse events and atherothrombosis and hypertension , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 translates
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 inhibition
3 the 4 inhibition
4 inhibition 5 of
4 inhibition 25 translates
5 of 10 cells
6 cox 10 cells
7 - 8 1
8 1 9 in
9 in 10 cells
10 cells 11 of
11 of 18 and
12 the 17 system
13 gastrointestinal 15 gi
13 gastrointestinal 17 system
14 ( 15 gi
15 gi 16 )
17 system 18 and
18 and 24 cells
19 cox 24 cells
20 - 21 2
21 2 22 in
22 in 24 cells
23 vascular 24 cells
25 translates 26 into
25 translates 36 and
25 translates 39 respectively
26 into 28 risk
27 increased 28 risk
28 risk 29 of
29 of 31 gi
30 serious 31 gi
32 adverse 33 events
33 events 34 and
34 and 35 atherothrombosis
34 and 36 and
36 and 37 hypertension
38 , 39 respectively
39 respectively 40 .

the cox - 2 selectivity of nsaids can predict , at least [in] part , the gi [toxicity] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 cox
3 - 4 2
3 - 10 ,
4 2 5 selectivity
4 2 9 predict
5 selectivity 6 of
5 selectivity 8 can
6 of 7 nsaids
8 can 9 predict
10 , 14 part
10 , 15 ,
11 at 12 least
12 least 14 part
15 , 17 gi
16 the 17 gi

in contrast , the cv effects are largely cox - 2 - dependent effects , unrelated to cox - 2 selectivity [but] [are] dose dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 effects
4 the 6 effects
5 cv 6 effects
6 effects 7 are
7 are 8 largely
7 are 9 cox
9 cox 12 -
10 - 12 -
11 2 12 -
12 - 14 effects
12 - 19 -
13 dependent 14 effects
14 effects 16 unrelated
15 , 16 unrelated
16 unrelated 17 to
16 unrelated 19 -
17 to 18 cox
19 - 25 dependent
19 - 26 .
20 2 24 dose
21 selectivity 24 dose
24 dose 25 dependent

the reduction in the dose is recommended and presumably will limit the number of patients exposed to a cv or a gi hazard by nsaids and coxibs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 in
2 reduction 6 is
3 in 5 dose
4 the 5 dose
6 is 8 and
7 recommended 8 and
8 and 10 will
8 and 17 to
9 presumably 10 will
10 will 11 limit
11 limit 15 patients
12 the 13 number
13 number 14 of
13 number 15 patients
14 of 15 patients
15 patients 16 exposed
17 to 20 or
18 a 19 cv
19 cv 20 or
20 or 23 hazard
20 or 24 by
21 a 23 hazard
22 gi 23 hazard
24 by 26 and
25 nsaids 26 and
26 and 27 coxibs

it will not , however , eliminate the risk on an individual level because there is [a] marked variability [in] [how] different people react to these drugs , based on their genetic background . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 marked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 it 2 will
2 will 3 not
2 will 7 eliminate
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 eliminate
7 eliminate 9 risk
8 the 9 risk
9 risk 10 on
9 risk 13 level
9 risk 18 marked
10 on 12 individual
11 an 12 individual
13 level 14 because
13 level 16 is
13 level 18 marked
14 because 15 there
15 there 16 is
18 marked 19 variability
18 marked 30 on
19 variability 23 people
19 variability 29 based
22 different 23 people
23 people 28 ,
24 react 25 to
24 react 28 ,
25 to 27 drugs
26 these 27 drugs
28 , 29 based
30 on 33 background
31 their 33 background
32 genetic 33 background

the challenge of the next future will be to develop biomarkers useful to identify the individuals who react abnormally to cox inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 challenge
2 challenge 3 of
2 challenge 7 will
3 of 6 future
4 the 5 next
4 the 6 future
7 will 8 be
8 be 9 to
8 be 12 useful
9 to 10 develop
10 develop 11 biomarkers
12 useful 13 to
12 useful 14 identify
13 to 14 identify
14 identify 16 individuals
15 the 16 individuals
16 individuals 17 who
16 individuals 18 react
17 who 18 react
18 react 19 abnormally
18 react 20 to
20 to 22 inhibition
21 cox 22 inhibition

background : aging plays a profound role in the ability of the kidney to function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 4 plays
2 : 16 .
3 aging 4 plays
4 plays 7 role
4 plays 8 in
5 a 6 profound
5 a 7 role
6 profound 7 role
8 in 10 ability
9 the 10 ability
10 ability 11 of
10 ability 14 to
10 ability 15 function
11 of 13 kidney
12 the 13 kidney
14 to 15 function

aging which varies among individuals , has been associated with the matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) 7 and 20 genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 aging 2 which
1 aging 6 ,
1 aging 9 associated
2 which 6 ,
3 varies 4 among
3 varies 6 ,
4 among 5 individuals
6 , 7 has
7 has 8 been
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 metalloproteinase
10 with 20 genes
11 the 13 metalloproteinase
12 matrix 13 metalloproteinase
13 metalloproteinase 15 mmp
14 ( 15 mmp
15 mmp 16 )
17 7 18 and
18 and 19 20
18 and 20 genes

this study was conducted to analyze correlations between polymorphisms of mmp genes [ rs880197 in mmp7 ( a>t ) and rs1711437 in mmp20 ( g>a ) ] and transplant outcomes in 235 recipients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 to
5 to 6 analyze
6 analyze 28 and
6 analyze 31 in
7 correlations 8 between
7 correlations 10 of
7 correlations 28 and
8 between 9 polymorphisms
10 of 12 genes
11 mmp 12 genes
12 genes 20 and
13 [ 20 and
14 rs880197 15 in
14 rs880197 20 and
15 in 16 mmp7
16 mmp7 18 a>t
17 ( 18 a>t
18 a>t 19 )
20 and 21 rs1711437
20 and 27 ]
21 rs1711437 22 in
22 in 23 mmp20
23 mmp20 25 g>a
24 ( 25 g>a
25 g>a 26 )
28 and 30 outcomes
29 transplant 30 outcomes
31 in 33 recipients
32 235 33 recipients

methods : transplant outcomes were evaluated according to the sum of the [a] alleles in the recipients and the donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 outcomes
2 : 6 evaluated
3 transplant 4 outcomes
4 outcomes 5 were
5 were 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 8 to
6 evaluated 15 in
7 according 8 to
8 to 10 sum
9 the 10 sum
10 sum 11 of
11 of 14 alleles
12 the 14 alleles
15 in 18 and
16 the 17 recipients
17 recipients 18 and
18 and 20 donors
19 the 20 donors

the group with a high number of [a] alleles ( ≥3 ) was compared with the group with a low number ( < 3 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 group
2 group 3 with
2 group 7 of
2 group 13 was
3 with 6 number
4 a 5 high
4 a 6 number
5 high 6 number
7 of 9 alleles
9 alleles 11 ≥3
10 ( 11 ≥3
11 ≥3 12 )
13 was 14 compared
14 compared 15 with
14 compared 18 with
15 with 17 group
16 the 17 group
18 with 21 number
19 a 20 low
19 a 21 number
20 low 21 number
21 number 24 3
22 ( 24 3
23 < 24 3
24 3 25 )

results : the group with a high number of mmp7 a alleles showed a [lower] risk [of] chronic tubulointerstitial lesion than the group with a low number ( p = [.] 009 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 group
2 : 13 showed
3 the 4 group
4 group 5 with
4 group 13 showed
5 with 8 number
6 a 8 number
7 high 8 number
8 number 9 of
9 of 12 alleles
10 mmp7 11 a
10 mmp7 12 alleles
13 showed 20 lesion
13 showed 21 than
13 showed 24 with
14 a 20 lesion
16 risk 20 lesion
18 chronic 20 lesion
19 tubulointerstitial 20 lesion
21 than 23 group
22 the 23 group
24 with 27 number
25 a 27 number
26 low 27 number
27 number 30 =
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 32 009
30 = 33 )

the group with a high number of mmp20 a alleles had showed better long - term kidney function [at] 10 years after transplantation than the group with a low number ( p = [.] 026 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 group
2 group 3 with
2 group 7 of
2 group 10 alleles
2 group 11 had
2 group 12 showed
3 with 6 number
4 a 5 high
4 a 6 number
5 high 6 number
7 of 8 mmp20
8 mmp20 9 a
10 alleles 11 had
12 showed 18 function
12 showed 21 years
12 showed 22 after
12 showed 24 than
13 better 16 term
14 long 15 -
14 long 16 term
16 term 18 function
17 kidney 18 function
18 function 20 10
22 after 23 transplantation
24 than 26 group
24 than 30 number
25 the 26 group
26 group 27 with
26 group 30 number
27 with 29 low
28 a 29 low
30 number 33 =
31 ( 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 35 026
33 = 36 )

furthermore , the group with a high number of mmp20 a alleles showed a trend toward better graft survival compared with the group with a low number , especially among recipients followed for >1 [year] ( p = [.] 022 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 group
3 the 4 group
4 group 5 with
4 group 13 showed
5 with 8 number
6 a 8 number
7 high 8 number
8 number 9 of
9 of 12 alleles
10 mmp20 11 a
10 mmp20 12 alleles
13 showed 15 trend
13 showed 24 with
14 a 15 trend
15 trend 16 toward
16 toward 19 survival
17 better 18 graft
18 graft 19 survival
19 survival 20 compared
20 compared 21 with
21 with 23 group
22 the 23 group
24 with 27 number
25 a 26 low
25 a 27 number
26 low 27 number
27 number 30 among
28 , 29 especially
28 , 30 among
30 among 31 recipients
30 among 41 )
31 recipients 32 followed
31 recipients 33 for
33 for 34 >1
34 >1 38 =
36 ( 38 =
37 p 38 =
38 = 40 022
38 = 41 )

conclusions : polymorphisms of mmp7 and mmp20 genes may be surrogate markers to predict long - term outcomes after kidney transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 polymorphisms
2 : 13 to
3 polymorphisms 4 of
4 of 6 and
5 mmp7 6 and
6 and 7 mmp20
6 and 8 genes
6 and 10 be
8 genes 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 12 markers
11 surrogate 12 markers
13 to 14 predict
14 predict 18 outcomes
14 predict 19 after
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 term
17 term 18 outcomes
19 after 21 transplantation
20 kidney 21 transplantation

purpose : critical illness results in derangements of all components of the immune response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 5 results
3 critical 4 illness
4 illness 5 results
5 results 6 in
5 results 8 of
6 in 7 derangements
8 of 10 components
9 all 10 components
10 components 11 of
11 of 14 response
12 the 14 response
13 immune 14 response

nonetheless , most of the efforts evaluating immune status in critically ill patients have been done in the field of sepsis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 nonetheless 2 ,
1 nonetheless 3 most
3 most 4 of
3 most 14 have
4 of 6 efforts
5 the 6 efforts
6 efforts 7 evaluating
7 evaluating 9 status
7 evaluating 10 in
8 immune 9 status
10 in 13 patients
11 critically 12 ill
12 ill 13 patients
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 done
16 done 17 in
17 in 19 field
18 the 19 field
19 field 20 of
20 of 21 sepsis

here we have evaluated the immunity status at intensive care [unit] ( icu ) [admission] in a cohort of nonseptic critically ill patients and its influence on their outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 have
3 have 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 7 status
4 evaluated 8 at
4 evaluated 16 in
5 the 7 status
6 immunity 7 status
8 at 10 care
9 intensive 10 care
10 care 13 icu
12 ( 13 icu
13 icu 14 )
16 in 18 cohort
17 a 18 cohort
18 cohort 19 of
19 of 24 and
20 nonseptic 23 patients
21 critically 22 ill
22 ill 23 patients
23 patients 24 and
24 and 26 influence
24 and 27 on
25 its 26 influence
27 on 29 outcome
28 their 29 outcome

patients with infection , sepsis , immunodeficiency , or concomitant immunosuppressive therapy were excluded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 excluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 4 ,
2 with 3 infection
4 , 5 sepsis
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 immunodeficiency
6 , 9 or
8 , 9 or
9 or 12 therapy
9 or 13 were
10 concomitant 12 therapy
11 immunosuppressive 12 therapy
13 were 14 excluded

results : levels of igm , cd3 [(] [+] [ )(t cells , cd4 ( [+] [ )( cells , cd8 ( [+] [ )(t [cells] , and [b] lymphocytes correlated inversely with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
4 of 5 igm
6 , 28 and
6 , 31 correlated
7 cd3 11 )(t
7 cd3 12 cells
12 cells 13 ,
13 , 14 cd4
13 , 28 and
14 cd4 19 cells
15 ( 19 cells
19 cells 21 cd8
19 cells 27 ,
20 , 21 cd8
21 cd8 25 )(t
21 cd8 27 ,
22 ( 25 )(t
25 )(t 27 ,
28 and 30 lymphocytes
28 and 31 correlated
31 correlated 32 inversely
31 correlated 33 with
33 with 34 age

in turn , levels of cd3 ( [+] [ )( cells , cd4 ( [+] [ )(t [cells] , cd8 ( [+] [ )(t [cells] , and c3 factor of the complement system correlated inversely with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ii score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 2 turn
2 turn 3 ,
2 turn 27 and
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 27 and
5 of 6 cd3
6 cd3 11 cells
6 cd3 13 cd4
6 cd3 20 cd8
7 ( 11 cells
11 cells 12 ,
12 , 13 cd4
13 cd4 17 )(t
13 cd4 19 ,
14 ( 17 )(t
17 )(t 19 ,
19 , 20 cd8
20 cd8 24 )(t
20 cd8 26 ,
21 ( 24 )(t
24 )(t 26 ,
27 and 29 factor
27 and 30 of
27 and 44 score
28 c3 29 factor
30 of 39 and
31 the 33 system
32 complement 33 system
33 system 34 correlated
33 system 39 and
34 correlated 35 inversely
34 correlated 36 with
36 with 38 physiology
37 acute 38 physiology
39 and 42 evaluation
40 chronic 41 health
41 health 42 evaluation
42 evaluation 43 ii

multivariate cox regression analysis censored at 28 days evidenced that levels of igm played a protective role , whereas levels of nk cells behaved as a risk factor for mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 censored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 multivariate 4 analysis
2 cox 4 analysis
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 censored
5 censored 6 at
5 censored 8 days
6 at 7 28
8 days 9 evidenced
8 days 10 that
10 that 11 levels
10 that 14 played
11 levels 12 of
11 levels 14 played
12 of 13 igm
14 played 17 role
15 a 16 protective
15 a 17 role
16 protective 17 role
18 , 23 cells
18 , 24 behaved
19 whereas 20 levels
19 whereas 23 cells
20 levels 21 of
21 of 22 nk
23 cells 24 behaved
24 behaved 25 as
25 as 28 factor
26 a 28 factor
27 risk 28 factor
28 factor 29 for
29 for 30 mortality

kaplan - meier curves showed a cutoff of 58 mg/dl for igm and 140 cells/mm ( 3 ) for nk cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 curves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 kaplan 2 -
1 kaplan 4 curves
3 meier 4 curves
4 curves 5 showed
5 showed 7 cutoff
5 showed 21 cells
6 a 7 cutoff
7 cutoff 8 of
7 cutoff 19 for
8 of 10 mg/dl
9 58 10 mg/dl
10 mg/dl 11 for
11 for 13 and
12 igm 13 and
13 and 15 cells/mm
13 and 17 3
14 140 15 cells/mm
16 ( 17 3
17 3 18 )
19 for 20 nk

conclusions : in [conclusion] , our results demonstrate that igm plays a protective role in critically ill patients with no sepsis , whereas nk cell counts seem to play a deleterious one . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 3 in
2 : 5 ,
2 : 22 ,
5 , 7 results
5 , 8 demonstrate
6 our 7 results
7 results 8 demonstrate
8 demonstrate 9 that
9 that 10 igm
9 that 11 plays
10 igm 11 plays
11 plays 14 role
11 plays 19 with
12 a 13 protective
12 a 14 role
13 protective 14 role
14 role 15 in
15 in 18 patients
16 critically 17 ill
17 ill 18 patients
19 with 21 sepsis
20 no 21 sepsis
22 , 26 counts
22 , 27 seem
23 whereas 24 nk
23 whereas 26 counts
25 cell 26 counts
26 counts 27 seem
27 seem 28 to
27 seem 29 play
28 to 29 play
29 play 32 one
30 a 32 one
31 deleterious 32 one

aging and severity at admission [affect] levels of key factors of the immune system in the blood of these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 aging 2 and
2 and 3 severity
2 and 4 at
4 at 7 levels
5 admission 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
8 of 10 factors
9 key 10 factors
10 factors 11 of
11 of 14 system
12 the 14 system
13 immune 14 system
14 system 15 in
15 in 17 blood
16 the 17 blood
17 blood 18 of
18 of 20 patients
19 these 20 patients

an analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of ultratrace level plutonium ( pu ) and neptunium ( np ) using iron hydroxide coprecipitation in combination [with] automated sequential injection extraction chromatography separation and accelerator mass spectrometry ( ams ) measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 an 3 method
2 analytical 3 method
3 method 4 was
4 was 5 developed
5 developed 6 for
5 developed 21 using
5 developed 25 in
6 for 16 and
7 simultaneous 8 determination
8 determination 9 of
8 determination 16 and
9 of 12 plutonium
10 ultratrace 12 plutonium
11 level 12 plutonium
12 plutonium 14 pu
13 ( 14 pu
14 pu 15 )
16 and 17 neptunium
16 and 19 np
18 ( 19 np
19 np 20 )
21 using 24 coprecipitation
22 iron 23 hydroxide
23 hydroxide 24 coprecipitation
25 in 34 and
26 combination 28 automated
28 automated 33 separation
29 sequential 30 injection
30 injection 33 separation
31 extraction 33 separation
32 chromatography 33 separation
33 separation 34 and
34 and 41 measurement
35 accelerator 36 mass
36 mass 41 measurement
37 spectrometry 39 ams
37 spectrometry 40 )
37 spectrometry 41 measurement
38 ( 39 ams
39 ams 40 )

several experimental parameters affecting the analytical performance were investigated and compared including sample preboiling operation , aging time , amount of coprecipitating reagent [,] reagent [for] ph adjustment , sedimentation time , and organic matter decomposition approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 several 3 parameters
2 experimental 3 parameters
3 parameters 4 affecting
3 parameters 8 were
4 affecting 7 performance
5 the 7 performance
6 analytical 7 performance
8 were 10 and
9 investigated 10 and
10 and 11 compared
10 and 15 operation
12 including 13 sample
13 sample 15 operation
14 preboiling 15 operation
15 operation 17 aging
16 , 17 aging
17 aging 18 time
17 aging 19 ,
19 , 33 and
19 , 37 approach
20 amount 21 of
20 amount 29 ,
21 of 22 coprecipitating
22 coprecipitating 28 adjustment
23 reagent 25 reagent
25 reagent 28 adjustment
27 ph 28 adjustment
29 , 31 time
29 , 33 and
30 sedimentation 31 time
32 , 33 and
33 and 36 decomposition
33 and 37 approach
34 organic 35 matter
35 matter 36 decomposition

the overall analytical results show that preboiling and aging are important for obtaining high chemical yields for both pu and np , which is possibly related to the aggregation and adsorption behavior of organic substances contained in urine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 the 4 results
2 overall 4 results
3 analytical 4 results
4 results 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 8 and
6 that 10 are
7 preboiling 8 and
8 and 9 aging
8 and 10 are
10 are 11 important
11 important 12 for
11 important 17 for
12 for 13 obtaining
13 obtaining 14 high
13 obtaining 16 yields
15 chemical 16 yields
17 for 18 both
19 pu 20 and
20 and 21 np
20 and 22 ,
20 and 23 which
20 and 24 is
20 and 26 related
23 which 24 is
25 possibly 26 related
26 related 27 to
26 related 39 .
27 to 30 and
28 the 29 aggregation
29 aggregation 30 and
30 and 32 behavior
30 and 33 of
30 and 37 in
31 adsorption 32 behavior
33 of 35 substances
34 organic 35 substances
35 substances 36 contained
37 in 38 urine

although the optimal condition for np and pu simultaneous determination requires 5 - day aging time , an immediate coprecipitation without preboiling and aging could also provide fairly satisfactory chemical yields for both np and pu ( 50 - 60 % ) with high sample throughput ( 4 h/sample ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 determination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 although 4 condition
1 although 10 determination
2 the 4 condition
3 optimal 4 condition
5 for 7 and
5 for 10 determination
6 np 7 and
7 and 8 pu
9 simultaneous 10 determination
10 determination 11 requires
11 requires 12 5
13 - 14 day
14 day 15 aging
14 day 23 and
14 day 27 provide
16 time 17 ,
17 , 20 coprecipitation
17 , 23 and
18 an 20 coprecipitation
19 immediate 20 coprecipitation
20 coprecipitation 21 without
21 without 22 preboiling
23 and 24 aging
23 and 25 could
25 could 27 provide
26 also 27 provide
27 provide 31 yields
28 fairly 29 satisfactory
29 satisfactory 31 yields
30 chemical 31 yields
31 yields 32 for
31 yields 43 with
32 for 35 and
33 both 35 and
34 np 35 and
35 and 36 pu
35 and 39 -
37 ( 39 -
38 50 39 -
39 - 41 %
39 - 42 )
40 60 41 %
43 with 46 throughput
44 high 46 throughput
45 sample 46 throughput
46 throughput 49 h/sample
47 ( 49 h/sample
48 4 49 h/sample
49 h/sample 50 )

within the developed method , [(] 242 )pu was exploited as chemical yield [tracer] for both pu and np isotopes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 )pu
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exploited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 within 4 method
1 within 5 ,
1 within 8 )pu
2 the 4 method
3 developed 4 method
7 242 8 )pu
8 )pu 9 was
9 was 10 exploited
10 exploited 11 as
11 as 13 yield
12 chemical 13 yield
13 yield 15 for
15 for 20 isotopes
16 both 20 isotopes
17 pu 18 and
18 and 19 np
19 np 20 isotopes

[(] 242 )pu was also used as a spike in the ams measurement for quantification of [(] 239 )pu and [(] 237 )np concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 )pu
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 242 3 )pu
3 )pu 4 was
4 was 5 also
4 was 6 used
6 used 7 as
7 as 9 spike
8 a 9 spike
9 spike 10 in
9 spike 14 for
9 spike 16 of
10 in 13 measurement
11 the 13 measurement
12 ams 13 measurement
14 for 15 quantification
16 of 20 and
18 239 19 )pu
19 )pu 20 and
20 and 24 concentrations
22 237 24 concentrations
23 )np 24 concentrations

the results show that , under the optimal experimental condition , the chemical yields of [(] 237 )np and [(] 242 )pu are nearly identical , indicating the high feasibility of [(] 242 )pu as a nonisotopic tracer [for] ( 237 )np determination in real urine samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 6 under
5 , 6 under
6 under 10 condition
6 under 11 ,
7 the 10 condition
8 optimal 10 condition
9 experimental 10 condition
11 , 14 yields
12 the 14 yields
13 chemical 14 yields
14 yields 15 of
14 yields 23 are
15 of 19 and
17 237 18 )np
18 )np 19 and
19 and 22 )pu
21 242 22 )pu
23 are 24 nearly
23 are 25 identical
25 identical 27 indicating
26 , 27 indicating
27 indicating 30 feasibility
27 indicating 35 as
28 the 30 feasibility
29 high 30 feasibility
30 feasibility 31 of
31 of 34 )pu
33 242 34 )pu
35 as 38 tracer
36 a 38 tracer
37 nonisotopic 38 tracer
38 tracer 41 237
40 ( 41 237
41 237 43 determination
41 237 47 samples
41 237 48 .
42 )np 43 determination
43 determination 44 in
43 determination 47 samples
44 in 46 urine
45 real 46 urine

the analytical method was validated by analysis of a number of urine samples spiked with different levels of [(] 237 )np and [(] 239 )pu . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 method
2 analytical 3 method
3 method 4 was
4 was 5 validated
5 validated 6 by
5 validated 15 with
6 by 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
8 of 10 number
9 a 10 number
10 number 11 of
11 of 13 samples
12 urine 13 samples
13 samples 14 spiked
15 with 17 levels
16 different 17 levels
17 levels 18 of
18 of 22 and
20 237 21 )np
21 )np 22 and
22 and 25 )pu
24 239 25 )pu

the measured values of [(] 237 )np and [(] 239 )pu by ams exhibit good agreement [(] r ( 2 [ )(≥ 0.955 ) with the spiked ones confirming the reliability of the proposed method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 values
2 measured 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 14 exhibit
4 of 8 and
6 237 7 )np
7 )np 8 and
8 and 11 )pu
8 and 12 by
10 239 11 )pu
12 by 13 ams
14 exhibit 16 agreement
14 exhibit 25 with
15 good 16 agreement
16 agreement 18 r
16 agreement 22 )(≥
19 ( 22 )(≥
20 2 22 )(≥
22 )(≥ 23 0.955
22 )(≥ 24 )
25 with 28 ones
25 with 29 confirming
26 the 28 ones
27 spiked 28 ones
29 confirming 31 reliability
30 the 31 reliability
31 reliability 32 of
32 of 35 method
33 the 35 method
34 proposed 35 method

objective : the aim of the present study was to determine whether serum urate ( sua ) concentration is positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis , [independent] of body mass index [(] bmi ) , amongst generally healthy adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 10 to
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
5 of 7 present
6 the 7 present
7 present 8 study
7 present 9 was
8 study 9 was
10 to 11 determine
11 determine 12 whether
11 determine 35 amongst
12 whether 13 serum
12 whether 21 associated
13 serum 18 concentration
13 serum 19 is
13 serum 21 associated
14 urate 16 sua
14 urate 18 concentration
15 ( 16 sua
16 sua 17 )
18 concentration 19 is
20 positively 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 atherosclerosis
23 subclinical 24 atherosclerosis
24 atherosclerosis 27 of
25 , 27 of
27 of 32 bmi
27 of 33 )
28 body 32 bmi
29 mass 32 bmi
30 index 32 bmi
34 , 35 amongst
35 amongst 38 adults
35 amongst 39 .
36 generally 37 healthy
37 healthy 38 adults

design and setting : the cardia study followed 5115 black and white individuals aged 18 - 30 years in 1985 - 1986 ( [year] 0 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 setting
3 setting 4 :
4 : 18 years
4 : 19 in
5 the 18 years
6 cardia 7 study
7 study 8 followed
8 followed 13 individuals
9 5115 13 individuals
10 black 11 and
11 and 12 white
11 and 13 individuals
13 individuals 14 aged
14 aged 16 -
15 18 16 -
16 - 17 30
17 30 18 years
19 in 20 1985
20 1985 22 1986
21 - 22 1986
22 1986 25 0
22 1986 26 )
23 ( 25 0
25 0 26 )

subclinical atherosclerosis comprised coronary artery calcified plaque ( cac ; years 15 , 20 and 25 ) , and maximum common carotid intima - media thickness ( imt ; [year] 20 [ )( sua ( years 0 , 10 , 15 and 20 ) was modelled as gender - specific quartiles that were pooled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 atherosclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 modelled
1 subclinical 2 atherosclerosis
2 atherosclerosis 3 comprised
3 comprised 7 plaque
4 coronary 5 artery
5 artery 7 plaque
6 calcified 7 plaque
7 plaque 9 cac
8 ( 9 cac
9 cac 10 ;
10 ; 19 and
10 ; 29 ;
11 years 12 15
11 years 15 and
11 years 19 and
13 , 15 and
14 20 15 and
15 and 16 25
15 and 17 )
18 , 19 and
19 and 26 thickness
19 and 28 imt
20 maximum 26 thickness
21 common 25 media
22 carotid 25 media
23 intima 24 -
23 intima 25 media
25 media 26 thickness
27 ( 28 imt
28 imt 29 ;
29 ; 31 20
29 ; 33 )(
31 20 33 )(
33 )( 34 sua
34 sua 36 years
34 sua 42 and
34 sua 45 was
35 ( 36 years
36 years 37 0
36 years 39 10
36 years 40 ,
38 , 39 10
39 10 40 ,
40 , 42 and
41 15 42 and
42 and 43 20
42 and 44 )
45 was 46 modelled
46 modelled 47 as
47 as 48 gender
48 gender 51 quartiles
49 - 51 quartiles
50 specific 51 quartiles
51 quartiles 52 that
51 quartiles 53 were
51 quartiles 55 .
52 that 53 were
53 were 54 pooled

discrete - time hazard regressions and generalized linear regressions were used for analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 discrete 2 -
1 discrete 5 regressions
3 time 5 regressions
4 hazard 5 regressions
5 regressions 6 and
6 and 9 regressions
6 and 10 were
7 generalized 9 regressions
8 linear 9 regressions
10 were 11 used
11 used 12 for
12 for 13 analyses

results : mean sua concentration was lower in women than in men and increased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mean
3 mean 5 concentration
3 mean 13 and
4 sua 5 concentration
5 concentration 13 and
6 was 7 lower
6 was 13 and
7 lower 8 in
7 lower 10 than
8 in 9 women
10 than 11 in
11 in 12 men
13 and 14 increased
14 increased 15 with
15 with 16 age

adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors , the highest versus [lowest] quartile of sua at [year] 0 was associated with a 44 % [[] 95 % confidence interval [(] ci [ )(20 % , 73 % ] [greater] risk of cac progression from years 15 to 25 ( ptrend [<] 0.001 ) , which was attenuated by adjustment for bmi at [year] 0 ( ptrend [=] 0.45 [ )( 
1 adjusting 2 for
1 adjusting 6 factors
1 adjusting 7 ,
1 adjusting 9 highest
2 for 4 and
3 demographic 4 and
4 and 5 lifestyle
8 the 9 highest
9 highest 10 versus
9 highest 13 of
9 highest 18 was
10 versus 12 quartile
13 of 14 sua
14 sua 15 at
15 at 17 0
18 was 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 28 interval
20 with 30 ci
21 a 28 interval
22 44 23 %
23 % 28 interval
25 95 28 interval
26 % 28 interval
27 confidence 28 interval
30 ci 33 %
30 ci 39 risk
30 ci 40 of
32 )(20 33 %
33 % 36 %
33 % 39 risk
34 , 36 %
35 73 36 %
36 % 37 ]
40 of 42 progression
41 cac 42 progression
42 progression 43 from
42 progression 49 ptrend
42 progression 54 which
43 from 44 years
44 years 46 to
45 15 46 to
46 to 47 25
48 ( 49 ptrend
49 ptrend 51 0.001
49 ptrend 52 )
53 , 54 which
54 which 55 was
55 was 56 attenuated
56 attenuated 57 by
56 attenuated 59 for
56 attenuated 61 at
57 by 58 adjustment
59 for 60 bmi
61 at 63 0
63 0 65 ptrend
64 ( 65 ptrend
65 ptrend 67 0.45
65 ptrend 69 )(

a stronger association [was] found [between] sua at year 15 and cac progression at [year] 20 or 25 ( hazard ratio 2.07 , 95 % ci 1.66 , 2.58 for the highest versus [lowest] sua quartile ptrend < [0.001] [ )(, which was attenuated , but remained significant with additional adjustment for bmi at [year] 15 ( ptrend [=] 0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
1 a 3 association
2 stronger 3 association
3 association 5 found
5 found 7 sua
5 found 13 progression
5 found 17 or
7 sua 8 at
8 at 12 cac
9 year 12 cac
10 15 11 and
11 and 12 cac
13 progression 14 at
14 at 16 20
17 or 18 25
17 or 29 2.58
18 25 21 ratio
18 25 26 ci
19 ( 21 ratio
20 hazard 21 ratio
21 ratio 22 2.07
21 ratio 23 ,
23 , 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 1.66
26 ci 28 ,
29 2.58 30 for
29 2.58 33 versus
30 for 32 highest
31 the 32 highest
33 versus 36 quartile
35 sua 36 quartile
36 quartile 37 ptrend
36 quartile 38 <
36 quartile 42 which
37 ptrend 38 <
41 )(, 42 which
42 which 46 but
43 was 44 attenuated
43 was 46 but
45 , 46 but
46 but 47 remained
47 remained 48 significant
48 significant 49 with
49 with 51 adjustment
49 with 52 for
50 additional 51 adjustment
52 for 53 bmi
53 bmi 54 at
53 bmi 58 ptrend
54 at 56 15
57 ( 58 ptrend
58 ptrend 60 0.01
58 ptrend 62 )(

a greater increment in sua concentration from [year] 0 to [year] 15 , independent [of] change in bmi , was related to a higher risk of cac progression ( ptrend [<] 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 3 increment
2 greater 3 increment
3 increment 4 in
3 increment 20 was
4 in 6 concentration
5 sua 6 concentration
6 concentration 10 to
6 concentration 16 change
7 from 10 to
9 0 10 to
10 to 12 15
13 , 16 change
14 independent 16 change
16 change 17 in
16 change 19 ,
17 in 18 bmi
20 was 21 related
21 related 22 to
22 to 25 risk
23 a 25 risk
24 higher 25 risk
25 risk 26 of
25 risk 30 ptrend
26 of 28 progression
27 cac 28 progression
29 ( 30 ptrend
30 ptrend 32 0.001
30 ptrend 33 )

similar associations were found between sua and imt , but only in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 similar 2 associations
2 associations 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 10 but
5 between 7 and
5 between 10 but
6 sua 7 and
7 and 8 imt
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 only
10 but 12 in
12 in 13 men

conclusion : sua may be an early biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults ; starting in early middle age , sua predicts subclinical atherosclerosis independently of bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 sua
2 : 5 be
2 : 15 ;
2 : 29 .
3 sua 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 8 biomarker
6 an 8 biomarker
7 early 8 biomarker
8 biomarker 9 for
9 for 11 atherosclerosis
10 subclinical 11 atherosclerosis
11 atherosclerosis 12 in
12 in 14 adults
13 young 14 adults
15 ; 22 sua
15 ; 23 predicts
16 starting 17 in
16 starting 20 age
16 starting 21 ,
16 starting 22 sua
18 early 20 age
19 middle 20 age
22 sua 23 predicts
23 predicts 25 atherosclerosis
23 predicts 26 independently
24 subclinical 25 atherosclerosis
26 independently 27 of
27 of 28 bmi

treatment of gynecological cancer has significant impact on a woman 's quality of life because it commonly includes removal of the uterus and ovaries , both being the core of a woman 's femininity , whilst irradiation and chemotherapy , be they as primary therapy or when indicated as postoperative adjuvant therapy , will lead to ablation of [ovarian] function if the ovaries had not been removed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 5 has
2 of 4 cancer
3 gynecological 4 cancer
5 has 7 impact
6 significant 7 impact
7 impact 8 on
7 impact 13 of
7 impact 15 because
7 impact 18 includes
8 on 12 quality
9 a 10 woman
10 woman 11 's
11 's 12 quality
13 of 14 life
15 because 16 it
16 it 18 includes
17 commonly 18 includes
18 includes 23 and
19 removal 20 of
19 removal 23 and
20 of 22 uterus
21 the 22 uterus
23 and 24 ovaries
23 and 26 both
25 , 26 both
26 both 27 being
26 both 35 ,
27 being 29 core
28 the 29 core
29 core 30 of
30 of 34 femininity
31 a 32 woman
32 woman 33 's
33 's 34 femininity
35 , 42 they
35 , 60 function
36 whilst 38 and
36 whilst 41 be
36 whilst 42 they
37 irradiation 38 and
38 and 39 chemotherapy
38 and 40 ,
38 and 41 be
42 they 46 or
42 they 58 of
42 they 60 function
43 as 44 primary
44 primary 45 therapy
45 therapy 46 or
46 or 47 when
46 or 53 ,
48 indicated 52 therapy
48 indicated 53 ,
49 as 50 postoperative
50 postoperative 52 therapy
51 adjuvant 52 therapy
53 , 54 will
53 , 56 to
54 will 55 lead
56 to 57 ablation
57 ablation 58 of
60 function 61 if
61 if 63 ovaries
61 if 67 removed
62 the 63 ovaries
63 ovaries 64 had
64 had 65 not
64 had 66 been
66 been 67 removed
67 removed 68 .

about 25 % of gynecological cancers will occur in pre - and perimenopausal women , a large percentage of [whom] will become menopausal as a result of their treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 occur
1 about 2 25
2 25 3 %
3 % 4 of
3 % 7 will
4 of 6 cancers
5 gynecological 6 cancers
7 will 8 occur
8 occur 9 in
9 in 12 and
10 pre 12 and
11 - 12 and
12 and 14 women
12 and 18 percentage
13 perimenopausal 14 women
15 , 18 percentage
16 a 17 large
16 a 18 percentage
17 large 18 percentage
18 percentage 19 of
18 percentage 23 menopausal
18 percentage 30 .
19 of 21 will
21 will 22 become
23 menopausal 24 as
24 as 26 result
25 a 26 result
26 result 27 of
27 of 29 treatment
28 their 29 treatment

there are also the gynecological cancer survivors who are not rendered menopausal as a result of the treatment strategy but who will become menopausal because of natural aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 also
2 are 7 survivors
4 the 7 survivors
5 gynecological 7 survivors
6 cancer 7 survivors
7 survivors 8 who
7 survivors 9 are
8 who 9 are
9 are 10 not
9 are 11 rendered
11 rendered 12 menopausal
12 menopausal 13 as
13 as 15 result
14 a 15 result
15 result 16 of
16 of 19 strategy
17 the 19 strategy
18 treatment 19 strategy
20 but 21 who
20 but 23 become
21 who 22 will
22 will 23 become
23 become 24 menopausal
24 menopausal 26 of
25 because 26 of
26 of 28 aging
27 natural 28 aging

concern among the medical attendants of these women is whether use of estrogen therapy or estrogen and progestogens for their menopausal symptoms will reactivate tumor deposits and therefore increase the rate of recurrence [and] , as a result , decrease overall survival among these women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 concern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 concern 2 among
1 concern 6 of
1 concern 9 is
2 among 5 attendants
3 the 5 attendants
4 medical 5 attendants
6 of 8 women
7 these 8 women
9 is 10 whether
10 whether 17 and
10 whether 27 and
11 use 12 of
11 use 17 and
12 of 15 or
13 estrogen 14 therapy
14 therapy 15 or
15 or 16 estrogen
17 and 18 progestogens
17 and 19 for
17 and 23 will
19 for 22 symptoms
20 their 22 symptoms
21 menopausal 22 symptoms
23 will 27 and
24 reactivate 26 deposits
24 reactivate 27 and
25 tumor 26 deposits
27 and 29 increase
27 and 42 survival
28 therefore 29 increase
29 increase 31 rate
30 the 31 rate
31 rate 32 of
32 of 33 recurrence
33 recurrence 36 as
35 , 36 as
36 as 38 result
36 as 39 ,
37 a 38 result
40 decrease 41 overall
41 overall 42 survival
42 survival 43 among
43 among 45 women
44 these 45 women

yet the data that are available do not support this concern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 yet 3 data
2 the 3 data
3 data 4 that
3 data 5 are
3 data 7 do
4 that 5 are
5 are 6 available
7 do 8 not
7 do 9 support
9 support 11 concern
10 this 11 concern

there are eight retrospective studies and only one randomized study that have analyzed [outcome] in endometrial cancer survivors who used hormone therapy after their surgery , whilst , among ovarian cancer survivors , there are four retrospective studies and one randomized study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 6 and
3 eight 6 and
4 retrospective 5 studies
5 studies 6 and
6 and 10 study
6 and 11 that
6 and 12 have
7 only 8 one
8 one 10 study
9 randomized 10 study
11 that 12 have
12 have 13 analyzed
13 analyzed 39 and
13 analyzed 42 study
15 in 18 survivors
15 in 39 and
16 endometrial 18 survivors
17 cancer 18 survivors
18 survivors 19 who
18 survivors 20 used
19 who 20 used
20 used 22 therapy
21 hormone 22 therapy
23 after 25 surgery
23 after 26 ,
23 after 39 and
24 their 25 surgery
27 whilst 34 there
27 whilst 35 are
27 whilst 39 and
28 , 29 among
29 among 32 survivors
29 among 33 ,
29 among 34 there
30 ovarian 32 survivors
31 cancer 32 survivors
34 there 35 are
35 are 36 four
37 retrospective 38 studies
38 studies 39 and
39 and 40 one
39 and 41 randomized
39 and 42 study

the studies do suffer from small numbers and , [although] the studies pertaining to endometrial cancer analyze [mostly] women with early - stage disease , a number of the studies in both the endometrial and ovarian cancer survivors do have [a] [sizeable] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suffer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 the 2 studies
2 studies 3 do
3 do 4 suffer
4 suffer 5 from
5 from 7 numbers
6 small 7 numbers
8 and 9 ,
8 and 12 studies
11 the 12 studies
12 studies 13 pertaining
12 studies 14 to
12 studies 17 analyze
14 to 16 cancer
15 endometrial 16 cancer
17 analyze 19 women
17 analyze 20 with
20 with 24 disease
21 early 22 -
21 early 23 stage
23 stage 24 disease
24 disease 35 and
25 , 35 and
26 a 27 number
27 number 28 of
27 number 35 and
28 of 30 studies
29 the 30 studies
30 studies 31 in
31 in 32 both
32 both 33 the
32 both 34 endometrial
33 the 34 endometrial
35 and 37 cancer
35 and 38 survivors
35 and 40 have
35 and 46 .
36 ovarian 37 cancer
38 survivors 39 do
39 do 40 have
40 have 43 follow
43 follow 45 up
44 - 45 up
45 up 46 .

these studies seem to support that estrogen therapy after the treatment for gynecological cancer does not impact negatively on outcome [in] endometrial and ovarian cancer survivors and that estrogen therapy can be considered as a plausible therapeutic option in survivors who are debilitated by their menopausal symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 seem
3 seem 4 to
3 seem 5 support
4 to 5 support
5 support 8 therapy
5 support 9 after
6 that 7 estrogen
7 estrogen 8 therapy
9 after 11 treatment
9 after 17 impact
10 the 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 for
11 treatment 15 does
12 for 14 cancer
13 gynecological 14 cancer
15 does 16 not
15 does 17 impact
17 impact 18 negatively
17 impact 19 on
17 impact 26 survivors
19 on 25 cancer
20 outcome 25 cancer
22 endometrial 23 and
23 and 24 ovarian
23 and 25 cancer
27 and 30 therapy
27 and 33 considered
28 that 30 therapy
29 estrogen 30 therapy
30 therapy 31 can
31 can 32 be
32 be 33 considered
33 considered 34 as
33 considered 39 in
34 as 38 option
35 a 38 option
36 plausible 38 option
37 therapeutic 38 option
39 in 40 survivors
40 survivors 41 who
40 survivors 42 are
41 who 42 are
42 are 43 debilitated
43 debilitated 44 by
44 by 47 symptoms
45 their 47 symptoms
46 menopausal 47 symptoms

it is prudent not to offer estrogen therapy to survivors of endometrial stromal sarcoma and women with granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 prudent
3 prudent 5 to
4 not 5 to
5 to 6 offer
6 offer 8 therapy
6 offer 17 with
7 estrogen 8 therapy
8 therapy 9 to
8 therapy 11 of
9 to 10 survivors
11 of 15 and
12 endometrial 14 sarcoma
13 stromal 14 sarcoma
14 sarcoma 15 and
15 and 16 women
17 with 20 tumors
18 granulosa 20 tumors
19 cell 20 tumors
20 tumors 21 of
21 of 23 ovaries
22 the 23 ovaries

vulval , vaginal and cervical cancers are not considered hormone - dependent and therefore estrogen therapy can be given . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 hormone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 vulval 2 ,
2 , 3 vaginal
2 , 4 and
4 and 5 cervical
4 and 6 cancers
4 and 9 considered
4 and 10 hormone
6 cancers 7 are
7 are 8 not
7 are 9 considered
11 - 16 therapy
11 - 19 given
11 - 20 .
12 dependent 13 and
13 and 14 therefore
13 and 15 estrogen
13 and 16 therapy
16 therapy 17 can
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 given

management of the surgically unfit patient with symptomatic cholelithiasis can be fraught with difficulty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 management 2 of
1 management 10 can
2 of 6 patient
3 the 6 patient
4 surgically 5 unfit
5 unfit 6 patient
6 patient 7 with
7 with 9 cholelithiasis
8 symptomatic 9 cholelithiasis
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 fraught
12 fraught 13 with
13 with 14 difficulty

we describe the case [of] [on] [such] gentleman in whom percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy was used to completely fragment a large gallbladder calculus through the use of a nephroscope and swiss lithoclast master . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 describe
2 describe 8 gentleman
3 the 8 gentleman
4 case 8 gentleman
8 gentleman 9 in
9 in 10 whom
9 in 13 cholecystoscopy
9 in 15 used
11 percutaneous 13 cholecystoscopy
12 transhepatic 13 cholecystoscopy
13 cholecystoscopy 14 was
14 was 15 used
15 used 16 to
15 used 18 fragment
16 to 18 fragment
17 completely 18 fragment
18 fragment 32 master
19 a 20 large
19 a 32 master
20 large 21 gallbladder
21 gallbladder 22 calculus
22 calculus 23 through
22 calculus 29 and
23 through 25 use
24 the 25 use
25 use 26 of
26 of 28 nephroscope
27 a 28 nephroscope
29 and 30 swiss
29 and 31 lithoclast

the article is devoted community principles and stages of the psychoprevental and correctional approach for teenagers with beer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 7 and
4 devoted 5 community
5 community 6 principles
6 principles 7 and
7 and 8 stages
7 and 9 of
9 of 14 approach
10 the 14 approach
11 psychoprevental 12 and
12 and 13 correctional
12 and 14 approach
14 approach 15 for
14 approach 17 with
15 for 16 teenagers
17 with 18 beer

the occurrence and structure of dyslipidemias , the result of the concentration of c - reactive protein in blood serum and some results of hormonal background [in] women with cardialgias in reproductive age , during peri - and postmenopause were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 occurrence
2 occurrence 3 and
3 and 4 structure
3 and 38 and
4 structure 5 of
5 of 6 dyslipidemias
6 dyslipidemias 9 result
6 dyslipidemias 21 and
7 , 9 result
8 the 9 result
9 result 10 of
9 result 15 -
10 of 12 concentration
11 the 12 concentration
12 concentration 13 of
13 of 14 c
15 - 21 and
16 reactive 17 protein
17 protein 18 in
17 protein 21 and
18 in 20 serum
19 blood 20 serum
21 and 23 results
21 and 24 of
21 and 37 -
22 some 23 results
24 of 28 women
25 hormonal 26 background
26 background 28 women
28 women 29 with
28 women 31 in
28 women 35 during
29 with 30 cardialgias
31 in 33 age
32 reproductive 33 age
34 , 35 during
35 during 36 peri
35 during 37 -
37 - 38 and
38 and 39 postmenopause
38 and 40 were
40 were 41 studied

the features of proatherogenic disorders connected with dominating types of dyslipidemias , the degree of chronic inflammation [manifestation] and some results [of] hormonal background were established for people with certain reproductive status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 features
2 features 3 of
2 features 12 ,
3 of 5 disorders
4 proatherogenic 5 disorders
5 disorders 6 connected
6 connected 7 with
7 with 8 dominating
8 dominating 10 of
9 types 10 of
10 of 11 dyslipidemias
12 , 17 inflammation
12 , 19 and
13 the 14 degree
14 degree 15 of
14 degree 17 inflammation
15 of 17 inflammation
16 chronic 17 inflammation
19 and 24 background
19 and 25 were
20 some 24 background
21 results 24 background
23 hormonal 24 background
25 were 26 established
26 established 27 for
26 established 29 with
27 for 28 people
29 with 32 status
30 certain 32 status
31 reproductive 32 status

the claimed beneficial effects of the mediterranean diet include prevention of several age - related dysfunctions including neurodegenerative diseases and alzheimer - like pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 effects
2 claimed 4 effects
3 beneficial 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 20 and
5 of 8 diet
6 the 8 diet
7 mediterranean 8 diet
9 include 10 prevention
9 include 20 and
10 prevention 11 of
11 of 13 age
12 several 13 age
13 age 17 including
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 dysfunctions
15 related 17 including
17 including 19 diseases
18 neurodegenerative 19 diseases
20 and 23 like
21 alzheimer 22 -
21 alzheimer 23 like
23 like 24 pathology

these effects have been related to the protection against cognitive [decline] associated with aging and disease by a number of polyphenols found in red wine and extra virgin olive oil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 related
5 related 6 to
5 related 9 against
6 to 8 protection
7 the 8 protection
9 against 15 and
10 cognitive 12 associated
10 cognitive 13 with
10 cognitive 15 and
13 with 14 aging
15 and 16 disease
16 disease 17 by
17 by 26 and
18 a 19 number
19 number 20 of
19 number 23 in
19 number 26 and
20 of 21 polyphenols
21 polyphenols 22 found
23 in 25 wine
24 red 25 wine
26 and 30 oil
27 extra 29 olive
28 virgin 29 olive
29 olive 30 oil

we report here that dietary supplementation of oleuropein aglycone strongly improves the cognitive performance of young/middle - aged tgcrnd8 mice , a model of amyloid - ß deposition , respect to age - matched littermates with [un] - supplemented diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 -
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 here
2 report 4 that
4 that 6 supplementation
4 that 11 improves
5 dietary 6 supplementation
6 supplementation 7 of
6 supplementation 11 improves
7 of 9 aglycone
8 oleuropein 9 aglycone
10 strongly 11 improves
11 improves 14 performance
12 the 14 performance
13 cognitive 14 performance
14 performance 15 of
15 of 27 ß
16 young/middle 20 mice
16 young/middle 26 -
16 young/middle 27 ß
17 - 20 mice
18 aged 20 mice
19 tgcrnd8 20 mice
20 mice 23 model
20 mice 26 -
21 , 23 model
22 a 23 model
23 model 24 of
23 model 26 -
24 of 25 amyloid
27 ß 28 deposition
27 ß 36 with
28 deposition 30 respect
28 deposition 34 matched
29 , 30 respect
30 respect 31 to
30 respect 33 -
31 to 32 age
34 matched 35 littermates
34 matched 36 with
38 - 40 diet
38 - 41 .
39 supplemented 40 diet

immunofluorescence analysis of cerebral tissue in oleuropein aglycone - fed transgenic mice showed remarkably reduced ß - amyloid levels and plaque deposits , which appeared less compact and " fluffy " ; moreover , microglia migration to the plaques for phagocytosis and a remarkable reduction of the astrocyte reaction were evident . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 immunofluorescence 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 20 and
3 of 5 tissue
4 cerebral 5 tissue
5 tissue 6 in
5 tissue 12 mice
5 tissue 19 levels
6 in 7 oleuropein
8 aglycone 9 -
8 aglycone 12 mice
10 fed 12 mice
11 transgenic 12 mice
12 mice 13 showed
13 showed 18 amyloid
13 showed 19 levels
14 remarkably 15 reduced
15 reduced 18 amyloid
16 ß 17 -
16 ß 18 amyloid
18 amyloid 19 levels
20 and 22 deposits
21 plaque 22 deposits
23 , 24 which
23 , 25 appeared
23 , 32 ;
24 which 25 appeared
25 appeared 26 less
25 appeared 28 and
27 compact 28 and
28 and 29 "
28 and 30 fluffy
30 fluffy 31 "
32 ; 42 and
32 ; 50 were
33 moreover 34 ,
33 moreover 42 and
35 microglia 36 migration
36 migration 37 to
36 migration 42 and
37 to 39 plaques
38 the 39 plaques
39 plaques 40 for
40 for 41 phagocytosis
42 and 45 reduction
42 and 46 of
42 and 50 were
43 a 45 reduction
44 remarkable 45 reduction
46 of 49 reaction
47 the 49 reaction
48 astrocyte 49 reaction
50 were 51 evident

finally , oleuropein aglycone - fed mice brain displayed an astonishingly intense autophagic reaction , as shown by the increase of autophagic markers expression [and] of lysosomal activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 oleuropein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 oleuropein
3 oleuropein 7 mice
3 oleuropein 8 brain
3 oleuropein 9 displayed
4 aglycone 5 -
4 aglycone 7 mice
6 fed 7 mice
7 mice 8 brain
9 displayed 14 reaction
9 displayed 18 by
10 an 14 reaction
11 astonishingly 12 intense
12 intense 14 reaction
13 autophagic 14 reaction
14 reaction 17 shown
15 , 17 shown
16 as 17 shown
18 by 20 increase
19 the 20 increase
20 increase 21 of
21 of 24 expression
22 autophagic 23 markers
23 markers 24 expression
24 expression 26 of
26 of 28 activity
27 lysosomal 28 activity

data obtained with cultured cells confirmed the latter evidence , suggesting mtor regulation by oleuropein aglycone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 confirmed
1 data 2 obtained
1 data 6 confirmed
2 obtained 3 with
3 with 5 cells
4 cultured 5 cells
6 confirmed 9 evidence
6 confirmed 11 suggesting
7 the 9 evidence
8 latter 9 evidence
10 , 11 suggesting
11 suggesting 13 regulation
11 suggesting 14 by
11 suggesting 17 .
12 mtor 13 regulation
14 by 16 aglycone
15 oleuropein 16 aglycone

our results support , and [provide] mechanistic insights [into] , the beneficial effects against alzheimer - associated neurodegeneration of a polyphenol enriched in the extra virgin olive oil , a major component of the mediterranean diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
1 our 3 support
2 results 3 support
3 support 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 8 insights
5 and 13 effects
5 and 17 associated
7 mechanistic 8 insights
10 , 13 effects
11 the 13 effects
12 beneficial 13 effects
13 effects 14 against
13 effects 16 -
14 against 15 alzheimer
17 associated 18 neurodegeneration
17 associated 23 in
18 neurodegeneration 19 of
19 of 21 polyphenol
20 a 21 polyphenol
21 polyphenol 22 enriched
23 in 28 oil
24 the 28 oil
25 extra 28 oil
26 virgin 28 oil
27 olive 28 oil
28 oil 32 component
29 , 32 component
30 a 31 major
30 a 32 component
31 major 32 component
32 component 33 of
32 component 37 .
33 of 36 diet
34 the 36 diet
35 mediterranean 36 diet

recent data from the manicaland hiv/std prevention project , a general - population open hiv cohort study , suggested that between 2004 and 2007 hiv prevalence amongst males aged 15 - 17 years in eastern zimbabwe increased from 1.20 % to 2.23 % , and in females remained unchanged at 2.23 % to 2.39 % , while prevalence continued to decline in the rest of the adult population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 69 .
1 recent 2 data
2 data 3 from
2 data 18 ,
3 from 13 population
4 the 13 population
5 manicaland 6 hiv/std
6 hiv/std 7 prevention
7 prevention 13 population
8 project 11 general
8 project 13 population
9 , 11 general
10 a 11 general
11 general 12 -
14 open 17 study
14 open 18 ,
15 hiv 16 cohort
16 cohort 17 study
18 , 19 suggested
19 suggested 23 and
19 suggested 57 while
19 suggested 60 to
20 that 21 between
20 that 23 and
21 between 22 2004
23 and 26 prevalence
23 and 56 ,
24 2007 26 prevalence
25 hiv 26 prevalence
26 prevalence 27 amongst
27 amongst 28 males
28 males 29 aged
29 aged 31 -
30 15 31 -
31 - 32 17
32 17 33 years
33 years 34 in
33 years 37 increased
34 in 36 zimbabwe
35 eastern 36 zimbabwe
37 increased 55 %
38 from 53 to
39 1.20 40 %
39 1.20 53 to
40 % 45 and
40 % 48 remained
41 to 43 %
41 to 45 and
42 2.23 43 %
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 in
46 in 47 females
48 remained 49 unchanged
49 unchanged 50 at
50 at 52 %
51 2.23 52 %
53 to 54 2.39
53 to 55 %
57 while 59 continued
58 prevalence 59 continued
60 to 61 decline
61 decline 62 in
62 in 68 population
63 the 64 rest
64 rest 65 of
64 rest 68 population
65 of 68 population
66 the 68 population
67 adult 68 population

we assess whether the more likely source of the increase in adolescent hiv prevalence is recent sexual hiv acquisition , or the aging of long - term survivors of perinatal hiv acquisition that occurred during the early growth of the epidemic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 assess
2 assess 3 whether
3 whether 7 source
3 whether 15 is
4 the 7 source
5 more 6 likely
6 likely 7 source
7 source 8 of
7 source 15 is
8 of 10 increase
9 the 10 increase
10 increase 11 in
11 in 14 prevalence
12 adolescent 14 prevalence
13 hiv 14 prevalence
15 is 21 or
16 recent 19 acquisition
17 sexual 19 acquisition
18 hiv 19 acquisition
19 acquisition 21 or
20 , 21 or
21 or 23 aging
21 or 33 that
21 or 34 occurred
22 the 23 aging
23 aging 24 of
23 aging 29 of
24 of 28 survivors
25 long 26 -
25 long 28 survivors
27 term 28 survivors
29 of 32 acquisition
30 perinatal 32 acquisition
31 hiv 32 acquisition
33 that 34 occurred
34 occurred 35 during
35 during 38 growth
36 the 38 growth
37 early 38 growth
38 growth 39 of
39 of 41 epidemic
40 the 41 epidemic

using data collected between august 2006 and november 2008 , we investigated associations between adolescent hiv and [(] [1] ) maternal orphanhood and maternal hiv status , ( 2 ) reported sexual behaviour , and [(] 3 [ )(reporting recurring sickness or chronic illness , suggesting infected adolescents might be in a late stage of hiv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 using 2 data
1 using 3 collected
3 collected 4 between
3 collected 9 2008
4 between 7 and
5 august 6 2006
5 august 7 and
7 and 8 november
10 , 11 we
10 , 12 investigated
10 , 17 and
11 we 12 investigated
12 investigated 13 associations
13 associations 14 between
14 between 16 hiv
15 adolescent 16 hiv
17 and 20 )
17 and 23 and
21 maternal 22 orphanhood
22 orphanhood 23 and
23 and 26 status
23 and 27 ,
23 and 29 2
23 and 31 reported
24 maternal 26 status
25 hiv 26 status
28 ( 29 2
29 2 30 )
31 reported 35 and
32 sexual 33 behaviour
33 behaviour 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 39 )(reporting
35 and 40 recurring
37 3 39 )(reporting
40 recurring 42 or
41 sickness 42 or
42 or 44 illness
42 or 46 suggesting
43 chronic 44 illness
45 , 46 suggesting
46 suggesting 48 adolescents
46 suggesting 50 be
46 suggesting 58 .
47 infected 48 adolescents
48 adolescents 49 might
49 might 50 be
50 be 51 in
51 in 54 stage
52 a 54 stage
53 late 54 stage
54 stage 55 of
55 of 57 infection
56 hiv 57 infection

none of 22 hiv - infected adolescent males and only three [of] 23 hiv - infected females reported ever having had sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 infected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 4 hiv
2 of 4 hiv
3 22 4 hiv
4 hiv 9 and
4 hiv 16 infected
5 - 9 and
6 infected 8 males
7 adolescent 8 males
8 males 9 and
9 and 14 hiv
9 and 15 -
10 only 11 three
11 three 14 hiv
13 23 14 hiv
16 infected 17 females
17 females 18 reported
17 females 20 having
19 ever 20 having
20 having 21 had
21 had 22 sex

hiv - infected adolescents were 60 % more likely to report illness than hiv - infected young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adolescents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 hiv 2 -
1 hiv 4 adolescents
3 infected 4 adolescents
4 adolescents 5 were
5 were 7 %
6 60 7 %
7 % 9 likely
8 more 9 likely
9 likely 10 to
9 likely 11 report
10 to 11 report
11 report 12 illness
11 report 13 than
13 than 14 hiv
15 - 18 adults
15 - 19 .
16 infected 18 adults
17 young 18 adults

taken together , all three hypotheses suggest that recent increases in adolescent hiv prevalence in eastern zimbabwe are more [likely] attributable to long - term survival of mother - [to] - child transmission rather than increases in risky sexual behaviour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hypotheses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 6 hypotheses
4 all 5 three
5 three 6 hypotheses
6 hypotheses 7 suggest
7 suggest 8 that
8 that 10 increases
8 that 18 are
9 recent 10 increases
10 increases 11 in
10 increases 18 are
11 in 14 prevalence
12 adolescent 14 prevalence
13 hiv 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 in
15 in 17 zimbabwe
16 eastern 17 zimbabwe
18 are 19 more
18 are 21 attributable
21 attributable 22 to
21 attributable 35 than
21 attributable 37 in
22 to 33 transmission
23 long 26 survival
23 long 31 -
23 long 32 child
24 - 26 survival
25 term 26 survival
26 survival 27 of
26 survival 29 -
27 of 28 mother
32 child 33 transmission
34 rather 35 than
35 than 36 increases
37 in 40 behaviour
38 risky 40 behaviour
39 sexual 40 behaviour

hiv prevalence in adolescents and young adults cannot be used as a surrogate for recent hiv incidence , and health systems should prepare for increasing numbers of long - term infected adolescents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 hiv 17 incidence
2 prevalence 3 in
2 prevalence 5 and
3 in 4 adolescents
5 and 6 young
5 and 7 adults
5 and 9 be
5 and 10 used
5 and 14 for
5 and 17 incidence
7 adults 8 cannot
8 cannot 9 be
10 used 11 as
11 as 13 surrogate
12 a 13 surrogate
14 for 16 hiv
15 recent 16 hiv
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 systems
19 and 23 prepare
20 health 21 systems
21 systems 22 should
22 should 23 prepare
23 prepare 24 for
24 for 25 increasing
25 increasing 32 adolescents
26 numbers 27 of
26 numbers 32 adolescents
27 of 32 adolescents
28 long 29 -
28 long 32 adolescents
30 term 31 infected
31 infected 32 adolescents

[with] the prevalence of obesity [,] artificial , [non] [-] nutritive sweeteners have been widely used as dietary supplements that [provide] sweet taste [without] excessive caloric load . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 supplements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 the 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 12 sweeteners
3 prevalence 14 been
3 prevalence 16 used
3 prevalence 19 supplements
4 of 5 obesity
7 artificial 8 ,
7 artificial 12 sweeteners
11 nutritive 12 sweeteners
12 sweeteners 13 have
13 have 14 been
15 widely 16 used
16 used 17 as
17 as 18 dietary
19 supplements 27 load
20 that 27 load
22 sweet 23 taste
23 taste 27 load
25 excessive 27 load
26 caloric 27 load

in order to better understand the overall actions of artificial sweeteners , especially when they are chronically used , we investigated the peripheral and central nervous system effects of protracted exposure to a widely used artificial sweetener , acesulfame k ( ack ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 20 we
2 order 3 to
2 order 5 understand
3 to 5 understand
4 better 5 understand
5 understand 8 actions
5 understand 14 when
6 the 8 actions
7 overall 8 actions
8 actions 9 of
9 of 11 sweeteners
10 artificial 11 sweeteners
12 , 13 especially
12 , 14 when
14 when 15 they
14 when 16 are
14 when 19 ,
15 they 16 are
16 are 18 used
17 chronically 18 used
20 we 21 investigated
21 investigated 28 effects
21 investigated 32 to
22 the 28 effects
23 peripheral 24 and
24 and 25 central
24 and 28 effects
26 nervous 27 system
27 system 28 effects
28 effects 29 of
29 of 31 exposure
30 protracted 31 exposure
32 to 37 sweetener
33 a 37 sweetener
34 widely 35 used
35 used 37 sweetener
36 artificial 37 sweetener
37 sweetener 39 acesulfame
38 , 39 acesulfame
39 acesulfame 40 k
39 acesulfame 42 ack
39 acesulfame 43 )
41 ( 42 ack
42 ack 43 )

we found that extended ack exposure ( 40 weeks ) in normal c57bl/6j mice demonstrated a moderate and limited influence on metabolic homeostasis , including altering fasting insulin and leptin levels , pancreatic islet size and lipid levels , without affecting insulin sensitivity and bodyweight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 ack
2 found 6 exposure
2 found 11 in
3 that 5 ack
4 extended 5 ack
6 exposure 9 weeks
7 ( 9 weeks
8 40 9 weeks
9 weeks 10 )
11 in 13 c57bl/6j
12 normal 13 c57bl/6j
13 c57bl/6j 14 mice
13 c57bl/6j 20 influence
14 mice 18 and
14 mice 20 influence
15 demonstrated 17 moderate
15 demonstrated 18 and
16 a 17 moderate
18 and 19 limited
20 influence 21 on
21 on 23 homeostasis
22 metabolic 23 homeostasis
24 , 44 and
25 including 26 altering
26 altering 28 insulin
27 fasting 28 insulin
28 insulin 29 and
29 and 38 levels
29 and 39 ,
29 and 40 without
29 and 44 and
30 leptin 38 levels
31 levels 32 ,
32 , 35 size
32 , 36 and
33 pancreatic 34 islet
34 islet 35 size
36 and 37 lipid
36 and 38 levels
40 without 41 affecting
41 affecting 43 sensitivity
42 insulin 43 sensitivity
44 and 45 bodyweight

interestingly , impaired cognitive memory functions ( evaluated by morris water maze and novel objective preference tests ) were found in ack - treated c57bl/6j mice , while no differences in motor function [and] anxiety levels were detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 found
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 6 functions
3 impaired 5 memory
4 cognitive 5 memory
5 memory 6 functions
6 functions 8 evaluated
6 functions 19 were
7 ( 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 by
8 evaluated 18 )
9 by 13 and
10 morris 11 water
11 water 12 maze
12 maze 13 and
13 and 17 tests
14 novel 15 objective
15 objective 16 preference
16 preference 17 tests
19 were 20 found
20 found 21 in
20 found 28 while
21 in 22 ack
22 ack 26 mice
23 - 26 mice
24 treated 26 mice
25 c57bl/6j 26 mice
26 mice 27 ,
28 while 30 differences
28 while 38 detected
29 no 30 differences
30 differences 31 in
30 differences 37 were
31 in 36 levels
32 motor 33 function
33 function 36 levels
35 anxiety 36 levels
37 were 38 detected
38 detected 39 .

the generation of an ack [-] induced neurological phenotype was associated with metabolic dysregulation ( glycolysis inhibition and functional atp depletion ) and neurosynaptic abnormalities ( dysregulation of trkb - mediated bdnf and akt/erk [-] mediated cell growth/survival pathway ) in hippocampal neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 generation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 generation
2 generation 3 of
2 generation 10 was
3 of 9 phenotype
4 an 9 phenotype
5 ack 7 induced
7 induced 9 phenotype
8 neurological 9 phenotype
10 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 dysregulation
13 metabolic 14 dysregulation
14 dysregulation 18 and
15 ( 18 and
16 glycolysis 17 inhibition
17 inhibition 18 and
18 and 21 depletion
18 and 22 )
19 functional 21 depletion
20 atp 21 depletion
23 and 25 abnormalities
23 and 31 mediated
24 neurosynaptic 25 abnormalities
25 abnormalities 27 dysregulation
25 abnormalities 31 mediated
26 ( 27 dysregulation
27 dysregulation 28 of
27 dysregulation 30 -
28 of 29 trkb
31 mediated 33 and
31 mediated 41 in
32 bdnf 33 and
33 and 39 pathway
33 and 40 )
34 akt/erk 36 mediated
36 mediated 37 cell
37 cell 39 pathway
38 growth/survival 39 pathway
41 in 43 neurons
42 hippocampal 43 neurons

our data suggest that chronic use of ack could affect cognitive functions , potentially [via] altering neuro - metabolic functions in male c57bl/6j mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 use
4 that 10 affect
5 chronic 6 use
6 use 7 of
6 use 9 could
7 of 8 ack
9 could 10 affect
10 affect 12 functions
10 affect 16 altering
11 cognitive 12 functions
13 , 16 altering
14 potentially 16 altering
16 altering 17 neuro
16 altering 18 -
18 - 20 functions
19 metabolic 20 functions
20 functions 21 in
21 in 24 mice
22 male 24 mice
23 c57bl/6j 24 mice

expecting motion in some particular direction biases sensitivity to that direction , which speeds detection of motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 expecting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 biases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 expecting 2 motion
1 expecting 3 in
1 expecting 7 biases
3 in 6 direction
4 some 6 direction
5 particular 6 direction
7 biases 8 sensitivity
7 biases 9 to
9 to 11 direction
10 that 11 direction
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 speeds
13 which 14 speeds
14 speeds 15 detection
15 detection 16 of
16 of 17 motion

however , the neural processes underlying this effect remain underexplored , especially in the context of normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 remain
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 processes
3 the 5 processes
4 neural 5 processes
5 processes 6 underlying
5 processes 9 remain
6 underlying 8 effect
7 this 8 effect
9 remain 10 underexplored
10 underexplored 13 in
11 , 12 especially
11 , 13 in
13 in 15 context
13 in 19 .
14 the 15 context
15 context 16 of
16 of 18 aging
17 normal 18 aging

to address this , we examined younger and older adults ' performance in a motion detection task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 3 this
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 examined
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 12 performance
6 examined 13 in
7 younger 8 and
8 and 9 older
8 and 10 adults
10 adults 11 '
11 ' 12 performance
13 in 17 task
14 a 15 motion
14 a 17 task
15 motion 17 task
16 detection 17 task

[in] separate conditions , the probability was either 50 [%] or 100 % that a field of dots would move coherently in the direction a participant expected [(] either vertically or horizontally ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 separate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 separate 3 conditions
3 conditions 13 %
4 , 13 %
5 the 6 probability
6 probability 7 was
7 was 8 either
7 was 11 or
9 50 11 or
11 or 12 100
12 100 13 %
13 % 14 that
13 % 27 expected
13 % 33 )
14 that 16 field
14 that 27 expected
15 a 16 field
16 field 17 of
16 field 19 would
17 of 18 dots
19 would 20 move
20 move 21 coherently
20 move 22 in
22 in 24 direction
23 the 24 direction
25 a 26 participant
26 participant 27 expected
27 expected 29 either
27 expected 31 or
30 vertically 31 or
31 or 32 horizontally

expectation and aging effects were assessed via response times ( rt ) to detect motion and electroencephalography ( eeg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 expectation 2 and
2 and 3 aging
2 and 4 effects
2 and 14 detect
2 and 16 and
4 effects 5 were
5 were 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 via
6 assessed 13 to
7 via 9 times
8 response 9 times
9 times 11 rt
10 ( 11 rt
11 rt 12 )
13 to 14 detect
14 detect 15 motion
16 and 17 electroencephalography
16 and 19 eeg
18 ( 19 eeg
19 eeg 20 )

in both age groups , rts were [fastest] when motion was similar to the expected direction of motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 4 groups
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 rts
2 both 4 groups
3 age 4 groups
6 rts 7 were
7 were 9 when
9 when 10 motion
9 when 11 was
10 motion 11 was
11 was 12 similar
12 similar 13 to
13 to 16 direction
14 the 16 direction
15 expected 16 direction
16 direction 17 of
17 of 18 motion

rt tuning curves exhibited a characteristic u - shape such that detection time increased with an increasing deviation from the participant 's expected direction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 curves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 rt 2 tuning
2 tuning 3 curves
3 curves 4 exhibited
4 exhibited 6 characteristic
5 a 6 characteristic
6 characteristic 7 u
7 u 8 -
8 - 9 shape
9 shape 11 that
9 shape 19 from
10 such 11 that
11 that 13 time
11 that 14 increased
12 detection 13 time
13 time 14 increased
14 increased 15 with
15 with 18 deviation
16 an 18 deviation
17 increasing 18 deviation
19 from 24 direction
20 the 21 participant
21 participant 22 's
22 's 24 direction
23 expected 24 direction

strikingly , eeg results showed an analogous , hyperbolic curve for n1 amplitude , reflecting neural biasing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
1 strikingly 2 ,
1 strikingly 4 results
3 eeg 4 results
4 results 5 showed
5 showed 10 curve
5 showed 13 amplitude
6 an 7 analogous
6 an 10 curve
7 analogous 8 ,
7 analogous 10 curve
9 hyperbolic 10 curve
10 curve 11 for
11 for 12 n1
13 amplitude 15 reflecting
14 , 15 reflecting
15 reflecting 17 biasing
15 reflecting 18 .
16 neural 17 biasing

though the form of behavioral and eeg curves did not vary with age , older adults displayed a clear decline in the speed of detection and a corresponding reduction in eeg n1 amplitude when horizontal ( but not vertical [ )(motion was expected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 though 3 form
1 though 11 vary
1 though 16 adults
2 the 3 form
3 form 4 of
3 form 9 did
4 of 6 and
5 behavioral 6 and
6 and 8 curves
7 eeg 8 curves
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 vary
12 with 13 age
12 with 14 ,
12 with 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 displayed
17 displayed 20 decline
17 displayed 30 in
17 displayed 34 when
18 a 20 decline
19 clear 20 decline
20 decline 21 in
20 decline 24 of
21 in 23 speed
22 the 23 speed
24 of 26 and
25 detection 26 and
26 and 29 reduction
27 a 29 reduction
28 corresponding 29 reduction
30 in 33 amplitude
31 eeg 33 amplitude
32 n1 33 amplitude
34 when 41 )(motion
34 when 43 expected
35 horizontal 37 but
36 ( 37 but
37 but 38 not
37 but 39 vertical
37 but 41 )(motion
38 not 39 vertical
41 )(motion 42 was
42 was 43 expected

our results suggest that expectation - based detection ability varies with age [and] , for older adults , also with axis of motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 expectation
3 suggest 19 also
3 suggest 20 with
4 that 5 expectation
5 expectation 8 detection
6 - 8 detection
7 based 8 detection
8 detection 9 ability
8 detection 10 varies
8 detection 18 ,
9 ability 10 varies
10 varies 11 with
11 with 12 age
12 age 15 for
14 , 15 for
15 for 17 adults
15 for 18 ,
16 older 17 adults
20 with 21 axis
21 axis 22 of
22 of 23 motion

background : mild cognitive impairment encompasses the clinical [continuum] between physiologic age - related cognitive changes and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 impairment
2 : 6 encompasses
2 : 14 related
2 : 19 .
3 mild 5 impairment
4 cognitive 5 impairment
5 impairment 6 encompasses
6 encompasses 8 clinical
6 encompasses 10 between
7 the 8 clinical
10 between 12 age
11 physiologic 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 17 and
15 cognitive 16 changes
16 changes 17 and
17 and 18 dementia

a variety of medications , including herbal preparations [(] in particular ginkgo biloba and panax ginseng ) , have been advocated as treatments for cognitive impairment in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 variety
2 variety 3 of
2 variety 5 ,
3 of 4 medications
5 , 8 preparations
5 , 14 and
6 including 8 preparations
7 herbal 8 preparations
8 preparations 10 in
10 in 13 biloba
11 particular 13 biloba
12 ginkgo 13 biloba
14 and 16 ginseng
14 and 17 )
15 panax 16 ginseng
18 , 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 advocated
21 advocated 22 as
21 advocated 27 in
22 as 23 treatments
23 treatments 24 for
24 for 26 impairment
25 cognitive 26 impairment
27 in 29 elderly
28 the 29 elderly

in this study , we investigated the effect of an already marketed dietary supplement ( memo® ) combining 750 mg of lyophilized royal jelly with standardized extracts of g . biloba 120 mg and p ..y ginseng 150 mg on mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) scores in patients with mild cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 effect
6 investigated 25 with
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
8 effect 18 combining
8 effect 21 of
9 of 14 supplement
10 an 14 supplement
11 already 12 marketed
12 marketed 14 supplement
13 dietary 14 supplement
14 supplement 16 memo®
15 ( 16 memo®
16 memo® 17 )
18 combining 20 mg
19 750 20 mg
21 of 24 jelly
22 lyophilized 24 jelly
23 royal 24 jelly
25 with 27 extracts
26 standardized 27 extracts
27 extracts 28 of
28 of 29 g
30 . 31 biloba
30 . 34 and
30 . 37 ginseng
31 biloba 33 mg
32 120 33 mg
34 and 35 p
34 and 36 ..y
35 p 36 ..y
36 ..y 37 ginseng
37 ginseng 39 mg
37 ginseng 40 on
38 150 39 mg
40 on 41 mini
41 mini 49 scores
42 - 49 scores
43 mental 44 state
44 state 45 examination
45 examination 47 mmse
46 ( 47 mmse
47 mmse 48 )
47 mmse 49 scores
49 scores 50 in
49 scores 52 with
49 scores 56 .
50 in 51 patients
52 with 55 impairment
53 mild 55 impairment
54 cognitive 55 impairment

methods : sixty - six subjects presenting with forgetfulness and satisfying the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th edition , text revision ( dsm - iv - tr ) clinical criteria for mild cognitive impairment were randomly divided into an experimental group treated with one memo capsule before breakfast daily for 4 weeks and a control group [who] [took] placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
2 : 6 subjects
2 : 20 ,
3 sixty 4 -
4 - 5 six
4 - 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 presenting
7 presenting 8 with
7 presenting 14 and
8 with 10 and
9 forgetfulness 10 and
10 and 11 satisfying
12 the 14 and
13 diagnostic 14 and
14 and 19 disorders
14 and 20 ,
15 statistical 16 manual
16 manual 17 of
16 manual 19 disorders
17 of 18 mental
20 , 22 edition
20 , 23 ,
21 4th 22 edition
23 , 29 iv
23 , 30 -
24 text 25 revision
25 revision 27 dsm
26 ( 27 dsm
27 dsm 28 -
27 dsm 29 iv
30 - 34 criteria
30 - 41 divided
31 tr 32 )
31 tr 34 criteria
33 clinical 34 criteria
34 criteria 35 for
34 criteria 39 were
35 for 38 impairment
36 mild 38 impairment
37 cognitive 38 impairment
39 were 41 divided
40 randomly 41 divided
41 divided 42 into
41 divided 47 with
42 into 45 group
43 an 45 group
44 experimental 45 group
45 group 46 treated
47 with 57 and
48 one 50 capsule
49 memo 50 capsule
50 capsule 51 before
50 capsule 57 and
51 before 52 breakfast
52 breakfast 53 daily
53 daily 54 for
54 for 56 weeks
55 4 56 weeks
57 and 63 placebo
58 a 59 control
58 a 63 placebo
59 control 60 group
60 group 63 placebo

the mean change [in] mmse score from baseline and reported adverse effects were compared between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mmse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 5 mmse
2 mean 5 mmse
3 change 5 mmse
5 mmse 9 and
6 score 7 from
6 score 9 and
7 from 8 baseline
9 and 10 reported
10 reported 12 effects
10 reported 14 compared
11 adverse 12 effects
12 effects 13 were
13 were 14 compared
14 compared 15 between
15 between 18 groups
16 the 17 two
17 two 18 groups

results : the mean change [in] mmse score in the group treated with memo for 4 weeks was significantly greater than in the control group [(] +2.07 versus +0.13 , respectively [ )(by the student 's [t] - test ( t = 6.485 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 score
3 the 8 score
4 mean 5 change
5 change 8 score
7 mmse 8 score
8 score 9 in
8 score 18 was
9 in 11 group
10 the 11 group
11 group 12 treated
11 group 13 with
13 with 14 memo
14 memo 15 for
15 for 17 weeks
16 4 17 weeks
18 was 20 greater
19 significantly 20 greater
20 greater 21 than
21 than 22 in
22 in 27 +2.07
23 the 27 +2.07
24 control 27 +2.07
25 group 27 +2.07
27 +2.07 28 versus
28 versus 29 +0.13
29 +0.13 33 )(by
29 +0.13 39 test
30 , 31 respectively
30 , 33 )(by
33 )(by 36 's
33 )(by 38 -
34 the 35 student
35 student 36 's
38 - 39 test
39 test 42 =
39 test 49 .
40 ( 42 =
41 t 42 =
42 = 43 6.485
43 6.485 46 <
44 , 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 47 0.0001
46 < 48 )

this was also true after adjusting for age as a covariate and educational level as a factor nested within the treatment groups in a general linear model ( analysis of covariance , f = 9.675 [ corrected [model] ] , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 4 true
4 true 5 after
4 true 7 for
4 true 9 as
5 after 6 adjusting
7 for 8 age
9 as 11 covariate
10 a 11 covariate
12 and 14 level
12 and 18 nested
13 educational 14 level
14 level 15 as
14 level 18 nested
15 as 17 factor
16 a 17 factor
18 nested 19 within
18 nested 23 in
18 nested 42 <
19 within 22 groups
20 the 22 groups
21 treatment 22 groups
23 in 27 model
24 a 25 general
24 a 27 model
25 general 27 model
26 linear 27 model
27 model 29 analysis
28 ( 29 analysis
29 analysis 30 of
29 analysis 37 corrected
29 analysis 40 ,
30 of 31 covariance
31 covariance 34 =
32 , 34 =
33 f 34 =
34 = 35 9.675
36 [ 37 corrected
37 corrected 39 ]
41 p 42 <
42 < 43 0.0001
42 < 44 )

conclusion : this combined triple formula may be beneficial in treating the cognitive decline that occurs during the aging process as well as in the early phases of pathologic cognitive impairment typical of insidious - onset vascular dementia and in the early stages of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 formula
2 : 8 be
2 : 48 .
3 this 6 formula
4 combined 6 formula
5 triple 6 formula
6 formula 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 beneficial
9 beneficial 10 in
9 beneficial 17 during
9 beneficial 21 as
9 beneficial 23 as
10 in 11 treating
11 treating 14 decline
12 the 14 decline
13 cognitive 14 decline
14 decline 15 that
14 decline 16 occurs
15 that 16 occurs
17 during 20 process
18 the 20 process
19 aging 20 process
21 as 22 well
23 as 39 and
24 in 27 phases
24 in 39 and
25 the 27 phases
26 early 27 phases
27 phases 28 of
28 of 31 impairment
29 pathologic 31 impairment
30 cognitive 31 impairment
31 impairment 32 typical
32 typical 33 of
33 of 38 dementia
34 insidious 35 -
34 insidious 36 onset
36 onset 38 dementia
37 vascular 38 dementia
39 and 40 in
40 in 43 stages
41 the 43 stages
42 early 43 stages
43 stages 44 of
44 of 47 disease
45 alzheimer 46 's
46 's 47 disease

larger - sized studies with longer treatment durations are needed to confirm this . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 larger 2 -
1 larger 4 studies
3 sized 4 studies
4 studies 5 with
4 studies 9 are
5 with 8 durations
6 longer 7 treatment
7 treatment 8 durations
9 are 10 needed
10 needed 11 to
11 to 12 confirm
12 confirm 13 this

alteplase has traditionally been the only pharmacologic agent available [for] treating acute ischemic stroke worldwide , and is considered an effective and safe therapeutic drug for acute cerebral ischemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alteplase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 alteplase 17 and
2 has 4 been
2 has 17 and
3 traditionally 4 been
4 been 14 stroke
4 been 15 worldwide
5 the 6 only
5 the 14 stroke
7 pharmacologic 8 agent
8 agent 14 stroke
9 available 14 stroke
11 treating 14 stroke
12 acute 14 stroke
13 ischemic 14 stroke
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 is
18 is 19 considered
19 considered 25 drug
20 an 25 drug
21 effective 22 and
22 and 23 safe
22 and 25 drug
24 therapeutic 25 drug
25 drug 26 for
26 for 29 ischemia
27 acute 29 ischemia
28 cerebral 29 ischemia

however , the drug is usually indicated for use in patients aged < 81 years due to insufficient literature regarding the drug 's safety in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 drug
3 the 4 drug
4 drug 5 is
5 is 7 indicated
6 usually 7 indicated
7 indicated 8 for
8 for 9 use
9 use 10 in
9 use 12 aged
10 in 11 patients
12 aged 15 years
12 aged 17 to
13 < 14 81
14 81 15 years
16 due 17 to
17 to 19 literature
18 insufficient 19 literature
19 literature 20 regarding
20 regarding 24 safety
20 regarding 25 in
21 the 22 drug
22 drug 23 's
23 's 24 safety
25 in 27 individuals
26 older 27 individuals

nevertheless , the elderly can benefit from alteplase after they experience an acute ischemic stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 elderly
3 the 4 elderly
4 elderly 5 can
5 can 6 benefit
6 benefit 7 from
6 benefit 9 after
7 from 8 alteplase
9 after 10 they
9 after 11 experience
10 they 11 experience
11 experience 15 stroke
12 an 13 acute
12 an 15 stroke
13 acute 15 stroke
14 ischemic 15 stroke

age differences have been observed in the clinical presentation [of] acute ischemic stroke [;] [however] , the safety and efficacy of alteplase for patients [with] acute ischemic stroke do not [depend] on age or sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
1 age 2 differences
2 differences 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 observed
5 observed 6 in
6 in 13 stroke
7 the 13 stroke
8 clinical 9 presentation
9 presentation 13 stroke
11 acute 13 stroke
12 ischemic 13 stroke
13 stroke 29 do
16 , 29 do
17 the 29 do
18 safety 19 and
19 and 20 efficacy
19 and 29 do
20 efficacy 21 of
21 of 22 alteplase
22 alteplase 23 for
23 for 24 patients
26 acute 28 stroke
27 ischemic 28 stroke
28 stroke 29 do
29 do 30 not
29 do 36 .
30 not 32 on
32 on 34 or
33 age 34 or
34 or 35 sex

evidence of an increasing rate of intracerebral hemorrhage among the elderly [with] acute ischemic stroke , following alteplase treatment , has not been reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 evidence 2 of
1 evidence 21 has
2 of 5 rate
3 an 5 rate
4 increasing 5 rate
5 rate 6 of
6 of 8 hemorrhage
7 intracerebral 8 hemorrhage
8 hemorrhage 9 among
9 among 15 stroke
10 the 15 stroke
11 elderly 15 stroke
13 acute 15 stroke
14 ischemic 15 stroke
15 stroke 17 following
16 , 17 following
17 following 19 treatment
17 following 20 ,
18 alteplase 19 treatment
21 has 22 not
21 has 23 been
23 been 24 reported

severe intracranial hemorrhage is a known side effect of alteplase but is not associated with age in patients [with] acute ischemic [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hemorrhage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 severe 3 hemorrhage
2 intracranial 3 hemorrhage
3 hemorrhage 11 but
4 is 8 effect
4 is 11 but
5 a 8 effect
6 known 7 side
7 side 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 10 alteplase
11 but 12 is
12 is 13 not
12 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 21 ischemic
15 with 16 age
15 with 20 acute
16 age 17 in
17 in 18 patients

alteplase can be used safely and effectively to treat elderly patients who suffer an acute ischemic stroke , including those over the age of 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alteplase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
1 alteplase 2 can
2 can 6 and
3 be 4 used
3 be 6 and
4 used 5 safely
6 and 8 to
6 and 9 treat
7 effectively 8 to
8 to 9 treat
9 treat 11 patients
10 elderly 11 patients
11 patients 12 who
11 patients 13 suffer
12 who 13 suffer
13 suffer 17 stroke
14 an 15 acute
14 an 17 stroke
15 acute 17 stroke
16 ischemic 17 stroke
17 stroke 19 including
18 , 19 including
19 including 20 those
19 including 21 over
19 including 27 .
21 over 23 age
22 the 23 age
23 age 24 of
24 of 26 years
25 80 26 years

background : exercise has been shown to be effective in cardiovascular endurance in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 exercise
2 : 6 shown
2 : 16 .
3 exercise 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 effective
9 effective 10 in
9 effective 13 in
10 in 12 endurance
11 cardiovascular 12 endurance
13 in 15 elderly
14 the 15 elderly

we studied the effect of thai dancing on physical performance of thai [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 studied
2 studied 4 effect
2 studied 8 on
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
5 of 6 thai
6 thai 7 dancing
8 on 10 performance
9 physical 10 performance
10 performance 11 of
11 of 12 thai