instead , in elderly patients , there are numerous physiological conditions that determine a bone metabolism alteration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 instead 2 ,
1 instead 7 there
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 patients
3 in 6 ,
3 in 7 there
4 elderly 5 patients
7 there 8 are
8 are 11 conditions
9 numerous 11 conditions
10 physiological 11 conditions
11 conditions 12 that
11 conditions 13 determine
12 that 13 determine
13 determine 17 alteration
14 a 17 alteration
15 bone 17 alteration
16 metabolism 17 alteration

this is the main reason for the structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone , which is reflected in reduced biomechanical strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 reason
2 is 10 in
3 the 4 main
3 the 5 reason
5 reason 6 for
6 for 9 changes
7 the 9 changes
8 structural 9 changes
10 in 12 and
11 trabecular 12 and
12 and 14 bone
13 cortical 14 bone
15 , 16 which
15 , 18 reflected
16 which 17 is
17 is 18 reflected
18 reflected 19 in
19 in 22 strength
20 reduced 22 strength
21 biomechanical 22 strength

in addition [,] muscular [situation] , such as muscle fiber atrophy , is unable to correctly support bone tissue , leading to the development of insufficiency fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 4 muscular
2 addition 13 is
4 muscular 8 as
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 11 atrophy
8 as 12 ,
9 muscle 11 atrophy
10 fiber 11 atrophy
13 is 14 unable
14 unable 15 to
14 unable 17 support
15 to 17 support
16 correctly 17 support
17 support 19 tissue
18 bone 19 tissue
20 , 21 leading
20 , 27 fractures
21 leading 22 to
21 leading 27 fractures
22 to 24 development
23 the 24 development
24 development 25 of
25 of 26 insufficiency

proximal femur fractures are common in elderly osteoporotic patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 proximal 2 femur
2 femur 3 fractures
3 fractures 4 are
4 are 5 common
5 common 6 in
6 in 9 patients
7 elderly 9 patients
8 osteoporotic 9 patients

the consequences of hip fractures in elderly individuals are significant in terms of years of life lost and reduction of the quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 consequences
2 consequences 3 of
2 consequences 9 are
3 of 5 fractures
4 hip 5 fractures
5 fractures 6 in
6 in 8 individuals
7 elderly 8 individuals
9 are 10 significant
10 significant 11 in
11 in 18 and
12 terms 13 of
12 terms 18 and
13 of 14 years
14 years 15 of
15 of 16 life
16 life 17 lost
18 and 19 reduction
18 and 20 of
20 of 22 quality
21 the 22 quality
22 quality 23 of
23 of 24 life

the goal of the treatment is to return the patients to their pre - fracture level of quality of life and avoid complications during the surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 treatment
4 the 5 treatment
6 is 7 to
6 is 21 and
7 to 21 and
8 return 10 patients
8 return 21 and
9 the 10 patients
10 patients 11 to
11 to 16 level
12 their 16 level
13 pre 14 -
13 pre 15 fracture
15 fracture 16 level
16 level 17 of
17 of 18 quality
18 quality 19 of
19 of 20 life
21 and 22 avoid
21 and 24 during
22 avoid 23 complications
24 during 26 surgery
25 the 26 surgery

to achieve this goal , surgery is usually required for the vast majority of hip fracture patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 to 2 achieve
2 achieve 4 goal
3 this 4 goal
5 , 6 surgery
5 , 7 is
6 surgery 7 is
7 is 8 usually
7 is 10 for
8 usually 9 required
10 for 17 patients
11 the 13 majority
12 vast 13 majority
13 majority 14 of
13 majority 17 patients
14 of 17 patients
15 hip 16 fracture
16 fracture 17 patients

the proximal femur fractures are classified into medial and lateral fractures ; usually the former fractures are treated with hip replacement and the latter are treated with osteosynthesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 4 fractures
2 proximal 3 femur
3 femur 4 fractures
4 fractures 5 are
5 are 6 classified
6 classified 7 into
7 into 11 fractures
8 medial 9 and
9 and 10 lateral
9 and 11 fractures
12 ; 16 fractures
12 ; 18 treated
12 ; 22 and
13 usually 16 fractures
14 the 16 fractures
15 former 16 fractures
16 fractures 17 are
17 are 18 treated
18 treated 19 with
19 with 21 replacement
20 hip 21 replacement
22 and 24 latter
22 and 26 treated
23 the 24 latter
24 latter 25 are
25 are 26 treated
26 treated 27 with
27 with 28 osteosynthesis

the best way to treat this type of injury is mandatory and requires an accurate pre - operative classification of the lesion , considering also the comorbidity associated with the hip fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 way
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 best
1 the 3 way
3 way 4 to
3 way 5 treat
3 way 12 and
4 to 5 treat
5 treat 9 injury
6 this 7 type
7 type 8 of
7 type 9 injury
8 of 9 injury
10 is 11 mandatory
10 is 12 and
12 and 13 requires
12 and 16 pre
14 an 15 accurate
14 an 16 pre
15 accurate 16 pre
16 pre 19 classification
17 - 19 classification
18 operative 19 classification
19 classification 20 of
19 classification 23 ,
20 of 22 lesion
21 the 22 lesion
23 , 24 considering
23 , 32 fractures
24 considering 25 also
24 considering 27 comorbidity
24 considering 29 with
24 considering 32 fractures
26 the 27 comorbidity
27 comorbidity 28 associated
29 with 31 hip
30 the 31 hip

osseointegration is a term that refers to the formation of a direct interface between an [implant] [and] bone [without] intervening soft tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 osseointegration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 refers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 osseointegration 2 is
2 is 4 term
3 a 4 term
4 term 5 that
4 term 6 refers
5 that 6 refers
6 refers 7 to
6 refers 14 between
7 to 9 formation
8 the 9 formation
9 formation 10 of
10 of 13 interface
11 a 12 direct
11 a 13 interface
12 direct 13 interface
14 between 22 tissue
15 an 22 tissue
18 bone 20 intervening
20 intervening 22 tissue
21 soft 22 tissue

cementless femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty is dependent on mechanical and biological factors that affect [implant] stability and long - term outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fixation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 cementless 3 fixation
2 femoral 3 fixation
3 fixation 4 in
3 fixation 8 is
4 in 7 arthroplasty
5 total 7 arthroplasty
6 hip 7 arthroplasty
8 is 9 dependent
9 dependent 10 on
10 on 14 factors
11 mechanical 12 and
12 and 13 biological
12 and 14 factors
14 factors 15 that
14 factors 16 affect
15 that 16 affect
16 affect 19 and
18 stability 19 and
19 and 23 outcome
20 long 21 -
20 long 23 outcome
22 term 23 outcome

osteoporosis leads to morphological and biological alterations in the proximal femur that adversely affect both mechanical stability of [implant] and biological response [of] bone , making it more challenging to achieve a valid osseointegration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 bone
1 osteoporosis 2 leads
2 leads 3 to
2 leads 20 and
3 to 5 and
4 morphological 5 and
5 and 6 biological
5 and 7 alterations
5 and 18 of
7 alterations 8 in
7 alterations 14 affect
8 in 11 femur
9 the 11 femur
10 proximal 11 femur
12 that 13 adversely
13 adversely 14 affect
14 affect 17 stability
15 both 16 mechanical
16 mechanical 17 stability
17 stability 18 of
20 and 22 response
20 and 24 bone
21 biological 22 response
24 bone 26 making
25 , 26 making
26 making 27 it
26 making 34 osseointegration
26 making 35 .
27 it 29 challenging
28 more 29 challenging
29 challenging 30 to
29 challenging 31 achieve
30 to 31 achieve
32 a 33 valid
32 a 34 osseointegration
33 valid 34 osseointegration

we performed a pilot study with the purpose to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in osteoporotic women with vertebral fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 5 study
2 performed 6 with
2 performed 9 to
3 a 5 study
4 pilot 5 study
6 with 8 purpose
7 the 8 purpose
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 prevalence
10 evaluate 15 in
10 evaluate 18 with
11 the 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 of
13 of 14 sarcopenia
15 in 17 women
16 osteoporotic 17 women
18 with 20 fractures
19 vertebral 20 fractures

dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) was used to measure the whole and regional body composition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 energy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 dual 2 -
1 dual 3 energy
3 energy 4 x
3 energy 7 absorptiometry
3 energy 11 was
5 - 7 absorptiometry
6 ray 7 absorptiometry
7 absorptiometry 9 dxa
7 absorptiometry 10 )
8 ( 9 dxa
9 dxa 10 )
11 was 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 measure
13 to 14 measure
14 measure 20 composition
15 the 20 composition
16 whole 17 and
17 and 18 regional
17 and 20 composition
19 body 20 composition

appendicular lean [mass] ( alm ) was calculated as the sum of lean [mass] in arms and legs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 appendicular 2 lean
2 lean 5 alm
2 lean 7 was
4 ( 5 alm
5 alm 6 )
7 was 8 calculated
8 calculated 9 as
9 as 17 and
10 the 11 sum
11 sum 12 of
11 sum 13 lean
12 of 13 lean
13 lean 15 in
13 lean 17 and
15 in 16 arms
17 and 18 legs

we calculated the skeletal muscle mass index [(] [alm/h] ( 2 ) [ )(, and we measured bone mineral density and t scores by dxa scan at total - [body] and [at] femoral neck . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 calculated
2 calculated 7 index
3 the 7 index
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 7 index
6 mass 7 index
7 index 11 2
10 ( 11 2
11 2 12 )
14 )(, 15 and
15 and 16 we
15 and 17 measured
16 we 17 measured
17 measured 21 and
17 measured 27 at
18 bone 19 mineral
19 mineral 20 density
20 density 21 and
21 and 22 t
21 and 23 scores
21 and 26 scan
23 scores 24 by
23 scores 26 scan
24 by 25 dxa
27 at 31 and
28 total 31 and
29 - 31 and
31 and 34 neck
33 femoral 34 neck

participants were divided according to the number of vertebral fractures ( single or multiple fractures ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 7 number
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
8 of 10 fractures
9 vertebral 10 fractures
10 fractures 15 fractures
11 ( 15 fractures
12 single 13 or
13 or 14 multiple
13 or 15 fractures
15 fractures 16 )

a total of 67 women were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 were
3 of 5 women
4 67 5 women
6 were 7 included

thirty - five women ( 52.23 % ) had a vertebral fracture , of them 8 ( 22.85 % ) were sarcopenic and 32 women ( 47.76 % ) had multiple vertebral fractures , of them 14 ( 43.75 % ) were sarcopenic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 - 4 women
2 - 9 had
2 - 13 ,
2 - 34 ,
3 five 4 women
4 women 7 %
4 women 9 had
5 ( 7 %
6 52.23 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 had 12 fracture
10 a 12 fracture
11 vertebral 12 fracture
13 , 16 8
13 , 21 were
13 , 23 and
14 of 15 them
14 of 16 8
16 8 19 %
16 8 21 were
17 ( 19 %
18 22.85 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 were 22 sarcopenic
23 and 25 women
23 and 30 had
24 32 25 women
25 women 28 %
25 women 30 had
26 ( 28 %
27 47.76 28 %
28 % 29 )
30 had 33 fractures
31 multiple 33 fractures
32 vertebral 33 fractures
34 , 37 14
34 , 42 were
35 of 36 them
35 of 37 14
37 14 40 %
37 14 42 were
38 ( 40 %
39 43.75 40 %
40 % 41 )
42 were 43 sarcopenic

our results suggest that sarcopenia is common among osteoporotic women increasing along with the number of vertebral fragility fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 sarcopenia
4 that 6 is
5 sarcopenia 6 is
6 is 7 common
7 common 8 among
8 among 10 women
9 osteoporotic 10 women
10 women 11 increasing
11 increasing 13 with
12 along 13 with
13 with 19 fractures
14 the 15 number
15 number 16 of
15 number 19 fractures
16 of 19 fractures
17 vertebral 18 fragility
18 fragility 19 fractures

bone is a tissue that dynamically adapts mass [and] architecture to the mechanical loads that occur in daily life in a world with gravity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 bone 2 is
2 is 4 tissue
3 a 4 tissue
4 tissue 5 that
4 tissue 7 adapts
5 that 7 adapts
6 dynamically 7 adapts
7 adapts 10 architecture
7 adapts 20 in
7 adapts 23 with
8 mass 10 architecture
10 architecture 11 to
11 to 14 loads
12 the 14 loads
13 mechanical 14 loads
14 loads 15 that
14 loads 16 occur
15 that 16 occur
16 occur 17 in
17 in 19 life
18 daily 19 life
20 in 22 world
21 a 22 world
23 with 24 gravity

bone architecture and mass are influenced by the applied tension peak , whereas the bone formation rate is modulated by the stimulus frequency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 bone 2 architecture
2 architecture 3 and
3 and 4 mass
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 influenced
6 influenced 7 by
6 influenced 13 whereas
7 by 11 peak
8 the 11 peak
9 applied 10 tension
10 tension 11 peak
12 , 13 whereas
13 whereas 17 rate
14 the 17 rate
15 bone 17 rate
16 formation 17 rate
17 rate 18 is
18 is 19 modulated
19 modulated 20 by
20 by 23 frequency
21 the 23 frequency
22 stimulus 23 frequency

in bone tissue , osteocytes govern the detection of mechanical afferents and their transformation into biochemical messages , therefore these cells can be considered a mechanosensor that directs osteogenesis to where it is most needed to increase bone strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 osteocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 govern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 3 tissue
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 osteocytes
2 bone 3 tissue
5 osteocytes 6 govern
6 govern 12 and
6 govern 15 into
7 the 12 and
8 detection 9 of
8 detection 12 and
9 of 11 afferents
10 mechanical 11 afferents
12 and 14 transformation
13 their 14 transformation
15 into 17 messages
16 biochemical 17 messages
18 , 21 cells
18 , 24 considered
19 therefore 21 cells
20 these 21 cells
21 cells 22 can
22 can 23 be
23 be 24 considered
24 considered 26 mechanosensor
24 considered 31 where
24 considered 36 to
25 a 26 mechanosensor
26 mechanosensor 27 that
26 mechanosensor 30 to
27 that 28 directs
28 directs 29 osteogenesis
28 directs 30 to
31 where 32 it
31 where 33 is
32 it 33 is
33 is 34 most
34 most 35 needed
36 to 37 increase
37 increase 39 strength
38 bone 39 strength

the stimulation of osteocytes occurs with several modalities : shear stress and stretch , extracellular pressure modifications , strains , variations [of] [electric] field in and around osteocytes lacunae . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 the 2 stimulation
2 stimulation 3 of
2 stimulation 5 occurs
3 of 4 osteocytes
5 occurs 6 with
6 with 8 modalities
7 several 8 modalities
9 : 10 shear
9 : 20 ,
9 : 30 .
10 shear 12 and
11 stress 12 and
12 and 13 stretch
12 and 17 modifications
14 , 17 modifications
15 extracellular 17 modifications
16 pressure 17 modifications
17 modifications 19 strains
17 modifications 20 ,
18 , 19 strains
19 strains 20 ,
20 , 21 variations
20 , 24 field
21 variations 24 field
24 field 26 and
25 in 26 and
26 and 27 around
26 and 29 lacunae
28 osteocytes 29 lacunae

the osteocyte network , under physiological conditions , activates osteoclastogenesis and suppresses osteoblast function enhancing bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 network
2 osteocyte 3 network
3 network 5 under
3 network 11 and
4 , 5 under
5 under 7 conditions
5 under 8 ,
6 physiological 7 conditions
9 activates 10 osteoclastogenesis
9 activates 11 and
11 and 12 suppresses
12 suppresses 18 and
13 osteoblast 17 resorption
14 function 17 resorption
15 enhancing 17 resorption
16 bone 17 resorption
17 resorption 18 and
18 and 21 formation
19 inhibiting 21 formation
20 bone 21 formation

in the unloaded condition , the functions of the osteocyte network are augmented , whereas exercise could decrease inhibitory effects on bone mass [by] reducing both osteoclastogenesis and inhibition on osteoblast function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 augmented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 4 condition
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 functions
2 the 4 condition
3 unloaded 4 condition
6 the 7 functions
7 functions 8 of
7 functions 12 are
8 of 11 network
9 the 11 network
10 osteocyte 11 network
12 are 13 augmented
14 , 28 and
14 , 32 function
15 whereas 16 exercise
15 whereas 18 decrease
15 whereas 28 and
16 exercise 17 could
17 could 18 decrease
18 decrease 20 effects
18 decrease 21 on
19 inhibitory 20 effects
21 on 25 reducing
22 bone 25 reducing
23 mass 25 reducing
26 both 28 and
27 osteoclastogenesis 28 and
28 and 29 inhibition
28 and 30 on
28 and 32 function
30 on 31 osteoblast

fragility fractures and their care are a major burden on individuals , health systems , and social care systems in industrialized countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 fragility 2 fractures
2 fractures 3 and
3 and 5 care
3 and 6 are
4 their 5 care
6 are 9 burden
7 a 9 burden
8 major 9 burden
9 burden 10 on
9 burden 20 in
10 on 16 and
11 individuals 12 ,
12 , 14 systems
12 , 16 and
13 health 14 systems
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 systems
17 social 18 care
18 care 19 systems
20 in 22 countries
21 industrialized 22 countries

fragility [fracture] can lead to long lasting painful and disabling condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fragility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 fragility 3 can
3 can 4 lead
4 lead 5 to
5 to 11 condition
6 long 11 condition
7 lasting 11 condition
8 painful 9 and
9 and 10 disabling
9 and 11 condition

the level of pain is a major determinant for the outcome of any treatment of these fractures regardless of its location . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 5 is
3 of 4 pain
5 is 8 determinant
5 is 9 for
5 is 19 of
6 a 7 major
6 a 8 determinant
7 major 8 determinant
9 for 11 outcome
10 the 11 outcome
11 outcome 12 of
12 of 14 treatment
13 any 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 of
15 of 17 fractures
16 these 17 fractures
18 regardless 19 of
19 of 21 location
20 its 21 location

the treatment of pain [in] patient with fragility [fracture] is rarely considered a priority in the care pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 of
2 treatment 10 is
3 of 4 pain
4 pain 6 patient
6 patient 7 with
7 with 8 fragility
10 is 11 rarely
10 is 12 considered
12 considered 14 priority
12 considered 15 in
13 a 14 priority
15 in 18 pathway
16 the 18 pathway
17 care 18 pathway

purpose : to investigate the optical intensities of all retinal layers on three - dimensional ( 3 d ) spectral - domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) in normal subjects using an automatic measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 7 intensities
4 investigate 31 in
5 the 7 intensities
6 optical 7 intensities
7 intensities 8 of
8 of 11 layers
9 all 11 layers
10 retinal 11 layers
11 layers 12 on
12 on 13 three
13 three 25 tomography
14 - 25 tomography
15 dimensional 18 d
15 dimensional 19 )
15 dimensional 22 domain
16 ( 18 d
17 3 18 d
18 d 19 )
20 spectral 21 -
20 spectral 22 domain
22 domain 25 tomography
23 optical 24 coherence
24 coherence 25 tomography
25 tomography 29 oct
25 tomography 30 )
26 ( 29 oct
27 sd 29 oct
28 - 29 oct
29 oct 30 )
31 in 33 subjects
32 normal 33 subjects
33 subjects 34 using
34 using 37 measurement
35 an 36 automatic
35 an 37 measurement
36 automatic 37 measurement

methods : forty normal subjects underwent topcon 3 [d] oct - 1000 macula - centered scan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 subjects
2 : 16 scan
2 : 17 .
3 forty 5 subjects
4 normal 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 underwent
6 underwent 7 topcon
7 topcon 8 3
7 topcon 16 scan
8 3 10 oct
8 3 15 centered
8 3 16 scan
10 oct 13 macula
10 oct 15 centered
11 - 13 macula
12 1000 13 macula
13 macula 14 -

the raw data were automatically segmented into 10 layers using the 3 d graph search approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 segmented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 data
2 raw 3 data
3 data 4 were
4 were 6 segmented
5 automatically 6 segmented
6 segmented 7 into
7 into 9 layers
8 10 9 layers
9 layers 10 using
10 using 16 approach
11 the 16 approach
12 3 13 d
13 d 16 approach
14 graph 16 approach
15 search 16 approach

then the mean and standard deviation of intensities of each layer were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 then 4 and
2 the 3 mean
3 mean 4 and
4 and 6 deviation
4 and 7 of
4 and 9 of
4 and 12 were
5 standard 6 deviation
7 of 8 intensities
9 of 11 layer
10 each 11 layer
12 were 13 calculated

the image quality index was given by the oct software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 4 index
2 image 4 index
3 quality 4 index
4 index 5 was
5 was 6 given
6 given 7 by
7 by 10 software
8 the 10 software
9 oct 10 software

correlation analysis was performed between the optical intensities in each layer and image quality and subject 's age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 correlation 2 analysis
1 correlation 16 subject
1 correlation 17 's
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 12 and
4 performed 5 between
4 performed 9 in
4 performed 12 and
5 between 8 intensities
6 the 8 intensities
7 optical 8 intensities
9 in 11 layer
10 each 11 layer
12 and 15 and
13 image 14 quality
13 image 15 and
15 and 16 subject
17 's 18 age

results : the correlation of optical intensities was strong from ganglion cell layer ( gcl ) to outer nuclear layer ( onl ) [with] r > 0.934 [;] moderate among retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl [ )(, photoreceptor [,] retinal pigment [epithelium] ( rpe ) , [and] choroid ( 0.410 < [r] < 0.800 [ )( [and] low in the vitreous ( 0.251 < r < 0.541 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
2 : 4 correlation
3 the 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 of
4 correlation 8 was
5 of 7 intensities
6 optical 7 intensities
8 was 9 strong
9 strong 10 from
9 strong 17 to
10 from 13 layer
11 ganglion 12 cell
12 cell 13 layer
13 layer 15 gcl
14 ( 15 gcl
15 gcl 16 )
17 to 20 layer
18 outer 20 layer
19 nuclear 20 layer
20 layer 22 onl
20 layer 26 >
21 ( 22 onl
22 onl 23 )
25 r 26 >
26 > 27 0.934
27 0.934 29 moderate
29 moderate 30 among
30 among 42 pigment
31 retinal 38 )(,
31 retinal 39 photoreceptor
32 nerve 34 layer
33 fiber 34 layer
34 layer 36 rnfl
35 ( 36 rnfl
36 rnfl 38 )(,
39 photoreceptor 42 pigment
41 retinal 42 pigment
42 pigment 45 rpe
42 pigment 54 <
44 ( 45 rpe
45 rpe 46 )
47 , 54 <
49 choroid 52 <
50 ( 52 <
51 0.410 52 <
52 < 54 <
54 < 55 0.800
55 0.800 59 low
59 low 60 in
59 low 65 <
59 low 67 <
60 in 62 vitreous
61 the 62 vitreous
63 ( 65 <
64 0.251 65 <
65 < 67 <
66 r 67 <
67 < 68 0.541
67 < 70 )(

the optical intensities were also correlated with the image quality , r > 0.869 from gcl to onl , 0.748 < r < 0.802 for rnfl , photoreceptor layer , rpe , and the choroid , r = 0.528 for the vitreous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intensities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 3 intensities
2 optical 3 intensities
3 intensities 4 were
4 were 6 correlated
5 also 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 with
6 correlated 38 =
7 with 10 quality
8 the 10 quality
9 image 10 quality
10 quality 13 >
11 , 13 >
12 r 13 >
13 > 14 0.869
14 0.869 15 from
15 from 16 gcl
16 gcl 17 to
16 gcl 25 for
17 to 18 onl
18 onl 21 <
18 onl 23 <
19 , 21 <
20 0.748 21 <
21 < 23 <
22 r 23 <
23 < 24 0.802
25 for 33 and
26 rnfl 27 ,
27 , 29 layer
27 , 30 ,
28 photoreceptor 29 layer
30 , 31 rpe
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 choroid
34 the 35 choroid
36 , 38 =
37 r 38 =
38 = 39 0.528
39 0.528 40 for
40 for 42 vitreous
41 the 42 vitreous

the optical intensity in rnfl was negatively correlated with age ( r = - 0.365 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intensity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 intensity
2 optical 3 intensity
3 intensity 4 in
3 intensity 6 was
4 in 5 rnfl
6 was 7 negatively
6 was 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
9 with 10 age
10 age 14 -
11 ( 14 -
12 r 13 =
13 = 14 -
14 - 15 0.365
14 - 16 )

conclusions : automatic assessment of the layers ' intensities was achieved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 assessment
2 : 11 achieved
2 : 12 .
3 automatic 4 assessment
4 assessment 5 of
4 assessment 10 was
5 of 9 intensities
6 the 7 layers
7 layers 8 '
8 ' 9 intensities
10 was 11 achieved

in normal subjects , the retinal layers ' optical intensities were affected by image quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 intensities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 subjects
1 in 4 ,
1 in 10 intensities
2 normal 3 subjects
5 the 7 layers
6 retinal 7 layers
7 layers 8 '
8 ' 10 intensities
9 optical 10 intensities
10 intensities 11 were
11 were 12 affected
12 affected 13 by
13 by 15 quality
14 image 15 quality

normalization with optical intensity [of] onl , all areas , or image quality index is recommended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 normalization 2 with
1 normalization 7 ,
2 with 6 onl
3 optical 6 onl
4 intensity 6 onl
7 , 9 areas
7 , 11 or
8 all 9 areas
10 , 11 or
11 or 14 index
11 or 15 is
12 image 14 index
13 quality 14 index
15 is 16 recommended

the optical intensity of rnfl decreased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intensity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 intensity
2 optical 3 intensity
3 intensity 4 of
3 intensity 6 decreased
4 of 5 rnfl
6 decreased 7 with
7 with 8 age

although some studies suggest that a linear [dose] - response relationship exists between exercise and insulin sensitivity , the exercise dose required to enhance pancreatic β - [cell] [function] is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 3 studies
1 although 4 suggest
2 some 3 studies
4 suggest 5 that
4 suggest 30 is
5 that 11 relationship
5 that 12 exists
5 that 30 is
6 a 7 linear
6 a 11 relationship
7 linear 9 -
7 linear 10 response
10 response 11 relationship
11 relationship 12 exists
12 exists 13 between
13 between 15 and
14 exercise 15 and
15 and 17 sensitivity
15 and 21 dose
16 insulin 17 sensitivity
18 , 21 dose
19 the 21 dose
20 exercise 21 dose
21 dose 22 required
21 dose 27 -
22 required 23 to
22 required 24 enhance
23 to 24 enhance
24 enhance 26 β
25 pancreatic 26 β
30 is 31 unknown

thirty - five older obese adults with prediabetes underwent a progressive 12 [-] wk supervised exercise intervention ( 5 days / [wk] for 60 min at ~85 % hrmax ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 4 older
4 older 6 adults
5 obese 6 adults
6 adults 7 with
6 adults 9 underwent
7 with 8 prediabetes
9 underwent 17 intervention
10 a 11 progressive
10 a 17 intervention
11 progressive 16 exercise
12 12 14 wk
14 wk 15 supervised
15 supervised 16 exercise
16 exercise 17 intervention
17 intervention 21 /
18 ( 21 /
19 5 20 days
20 days 21 /
21 / 23 for
21 / 30 )
23 for 25 min
24 60 25 min
25 min 26 at
26 at 29 hrmax
27 ~85 29 hrmax
28 % 29 hrmax

[insulin] and c - peptide responses to an ogtt were used to define the first - and second - phase disposition index [(] di ; β - cell function [=] glucose - stimulated insulin secretion × [clamp] - derived insulin sensitivity ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 and 3 c
2 and 4 -
3 c 4 -
4 - 6 responses
5 peptide 6 responses
6 responses 7 to
6 responses 17 and
7 to 9 ogtt
8 an 9 ogtt
10 were 11 used
10 were 17 and
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 define
12 to 13 define
13 define 15 first
14 the 15 first
16 - 17 and
17 and 18 second
19 - 22 index
19 - 25 ;
20 phase 22 index
21 disposition 22 index
22 index 24 di
25 ; 26 β
26 β 32 -
27 - 32 -
28 cell 29 function
29 function 31 glucose
31 glucose 32 -
32 - 36 ×
32 - 42 )
33 stimulated 36 ×
34 insulin 36 ×
35 secretion 36 ×
36 × 41 sensitivity
38 - 41 sensitivity
39 derived 41 sensitivity
40 insulin 41 sensitivity
41 sensitivity 42 )

maximum oxygen consumption ( vo2max [ )(and body composition ( dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry and computed tomography ) were also measured before and after the intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 maximum 2 oxygen
2 oxygen 3 consumption
3 consumption 7 )(and
3 consumption 22 were
4 ( 7 )(and
5 vo2max 7 )(and
7 )(and 9 composition
7 )(and 13 energy
7 )(and 21 )
8 body 9 composition
10 ( 13 energy
11 dual 12 -
11 dual 13 energy
13 energy 14 x
13 energy 18 and
13 energy 21 )
15 - 18 and
16 ray 17 absorptiometry
17 absorptiometry 18 and
18 and 20 tomography
18 and 21 )
19 computed 20 tomography
22 were 23 also
22 were 24 measured
24 measured 26 and
25 before 26 and
26 and 27 after
27 after 29 intervention
28 the 29 intervention

exercise [dose] was computed using vo2/heart - rate derived linear regression equations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 exercise 3 was
3 was 4 computed
4 computed 5 using
5 using 6 vo2/heart
7 - 8 rate
7 - 13 .
8 rate 12 equations
9 derived 11 regression
10 linear 11 regression
11 regression 12 equations

subjects expended 474.5 ± 8.8 kcal/session ( 2,372.5 ± 44.1 kcal / [wk] ) during the intervention and lost ~8 % body weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 subjects 18 and
2 expended 6 kcal/session
2 expended 15 during
2 expended 18 and
3 474.5 6 kcal/session
4 ± 6 kcal/session
5 8.8 6 kcal/session
6 kcal/session 12 /
7 ( 12 /
8 2,372.5 12 /
9 ± 12 /
10 44.1 11 kcal
11 kcal 12 /
12 / 14 )
15 during 17 intervention
16 the 17 intervention
18 and 19 lost
19 lost 23 weight
20 ~8 22 body
21 % 22 body
22 body 23 weight

exercise increased first - and second [-] phase di ( p < 0.05 ) , and these changes in di were linearly related to exercise dose [(] difirst phase : [r] = 0.54 , p < 0.001 ; disecond phase : [r] = 0.56 , p = 0.0005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 exercise 2 increased
1 exercise 5 and
2 increased 3 first
4 - 5 and
5 and 8 phase
5 and 12 <
5 and 16 and
6 second 8 phase
8 phase 9 di
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.05
12 < 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 these
16 and 18 changes
16 and 25 exercise
16 and 26 dose
18 changes 19 in
18 changes 21 were
19 in 20 di
21 were 23 related
22 linearly 23 related
23 related 24 to
24 to 25 exercise
26 dose 29 phase
28 difirst 29 phase
30 : 33 0.54
30 : 38 ;
32 = 33 0.54
33 0.54 36 <
34 , 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 37 0.001
38 ; 40 phase
38 ; 41 :
39 disecond 40 phase
41 : 44 0.56
43 = 44 0.56
44 0.56 47 =
45 , 47 =
46 p 47 =
47 = 48 0.0005
47 = 49 )

enhanced di was also associated with increased vo2max ( difirst phase : [r] = 0.36 , p = 0.04 ; disecond phase : r = 0.41 , p < 0.02 ) but not lower body fat ( difirst phase : r = - 0.21 , p = 0.25 [;] disecond phase : r = - 0.30 , p = 0.10 [ )(after training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enhanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 enhanced 3 was
1 enhanced 6 with
2 di 3 was
3 was 5 associated
4 also 5 associated
6 with 8 vo2max
7 increased 8 vo2max
8 vo2max 11 phase
9 ( 11 phase
10 difirst 11 phase
11 phase 12 :
12 : 15 0.36
12 : 20 ;
14 = 15 0.36
15 0.36 18 =
16 , 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.04
18 = 20 ;
20 ; 22 phase
20 ; 23 :
20 ; 32 but
21 disecond 22 phase
22 phase 23 :
23 : 25 =
23 : 29 <
24 r 25 =
25 = 26 0.41
25 = 27 ,
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.02
29 < 31 )
32 but 39 phase
32 but 40 :
33 not 36 fat
33 not 39 phase
34 lower 35 body
35 body 36 fat
37 ( 38 difirst
38 difirst 39 phase
39 phase 40 :
40 : 42 =
41 r 42 =
42 = 44 0.21
43 - 44 0.21
44 0.21 55 -
45 , 55 -
46 p 47 =
47 = 48 0.25
48 0.25 51 phase
48 0.25 52 :
48 0.25 54 =
50 disecond 51 phase
51 phase 52 :
53 r 54 =
54 = 55 -
55 - 56 0.30
55 - 64 .
56 0.30 59 =
57 , 59 =
58 p 59 =
59 = 60 0.10
60 0.10 62 )(after
62 )(after 63 training

low baseline di predicted an increase in di after the intervention ( difirst [phase] : r = - 0.37 ; disecond [phase] : r = - 0.41 , each p < 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 baseline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 low 2 baseline
2 baseline 3 di
2 baseline 4 predicted
4 predicted 6 increase
4 predicted 9 after
4 predicted 18 -
5 an 6 increase
6 increase 7 in
7 in 8 di
9 after 11 intervention
10 the 11 intervention
12 ( 18 -
13 difirst 15 :
15 : 17 =
16 r 17 =
17 = 18 -
18 - 19 0.37
18 - 20 ;
20 ; 21 disecond
20 ; 23 :
21 disecond 23 :
23 : 25 =
24 r 25 =
25 = 27 0.41
26 - 27 0.41
27 0.41 29 each
28 , 29 each
29 each 31 <
29 each 33 )
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.04

thus , exercise training plus weight loss increased pancreatic β - [cell] function in a linear dose - response manner in adults with prediabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 exercise
3 exercise 4 training
3 exercise 8 increased
4 training 7 loss
5 plus 6 weight
6 weight 7 loss
8 increased 10 β
9 pancreatic 10 β
11 - 13 function
11 - 18 -
13 function 14 in
14 in 17 dose
15 a 16 linear
15 a 17 dose
16 linear 17 dose
18 - 20 manner
19 response 20 manner
20 manner 21 in
20 manner 23 with
21 in 22 adults
23 with 24 prediabetes

our data suggest that higher exercise doses ( i.e [.] , >2,000 [kcal] / [wk] ) are necessary to enhance β - cell function [in] adults with poor insulin secretion capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 doses
4 that 17 are
5 higher 7 doses
6 exercise 7 doses
7 doses 14 /
7 doses 17 are
8 ( 14 /
9 i.e 11 ,
9 i.e 12 >2,000
12 >2,000 14 /
14 / 16 )
17 are 18 necessary
18 necessary 19 to
18 necessary 20 enhance
19 to 20 enhance
20 enhance 26 adults
20 enhance 27 with
21 β 22 -
21 β 23 cell
23 cell 26 adults
24 function 26 adults
27 with 31 capacity
28 poor 29 insulin
29 insulin 30 secretion
30 secretion 31 capacity

purpose : maintenance of cognitive abilities is important [for] [elderly] to stay independent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 maintenance
2 : 7 is
2 : 14 .
3 maintenance 4 of
3 maintenance 7 is
4 of 6 abilities
5 cognitive 6 abilities
7 is 8 important
8 important 11 to
11 to 12 stay
12 stay 13 independent

with the aging of the population , the call for modifiable factors is emerging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 call
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 with 3 aging
1 with 7 ,
1 with 9 call
2 the 3 aging
3 aging 4 of
4 of 6 population
5 the 6 population
8 the 9 call
9 call 10 for
9 call 13 is
10 for 12 factors
11 modifiable 12 factors
13 is 14 emerging

dietary protein might improve cognitive performance ; however , this has hardly been studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 dietary 2 protein
2 protein 3 might
3 might 4 improve
4 improve 6 performance
5 cognitive 6 performance
7 ; 10 this
7 ; 14 studied
8 however 9 ,
8 however 10 this
10 this 11 has
11 has 13 been
12 hardly 13 been
13 been 14 studied

therefore , we studied the impact of 24 - week dietary protein supplementation on cognitive performance in pre - frail and frail elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 6 impact
5 the 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
7 of 8 24
9 - 13 supplementation
10 week 13 supplementation
11 dietary 12 protein
12 protein 13 supplementation
13 supplementation 14 on
14 on 16 performance
15 cognitive 16 performance
16 performance 17 in
17 in 24 people
18 pre 19 -
18 pre 24 people
20 frail 21 and
21 and 22 frail
21 and 24 people
23 elderly 24 people

methods : pre - frail and frail elderly subjects , according to the fried criteria , randomly received a protein drink containing 15 g protein or a placebo drink twice a day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 pre
4 - 9 subjects
4 - 18 received
5 frail 6 and
6 and 7 frail
6 and 9 subjects
8 elderly 9 subjects
9 subjects 11 according
9 subjects 18 received
10 , 11 according
11 according 12 to
11 according 15 criteria
11 according 16 ,
12 to 14 fried
13 the 14 fried
17 randomly 18 received
18 received 21 drink
19 a 20 protein
19 a 21 drink
20 protein 21 drink
21 drink 22 containing
21 drink 32 day
22 containing 29 drink
22 containing 30 twice
23 15 24 g
24 g 29 drink
25 protein 26 or
26 or 28 placebo
26 or 29 drink
27 a 28 placebo
31 a 32 day

cognitive performance was measured at baseline and after 24 weeks by means of a sensitive neuropsychological test battery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cognitive 2 performance
2 performance 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 7 and
4 measured 11 by
5 at 6 baseline
5 at 7 and
7 and 8 after
8 after 10 weeks
9 24 10 weeks
11 by 12 means
12 means 13 of
13 of 18 battery
14 a 15 sensitive
14 a 18 battery
15 sensitive 17 test
16 neuropsychological 17 test
17 test 18 battery

in addition , reaction time was assessed after both 12 and 24 weeks of intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 reaction
4 reaction 5 time
4 reaction 6 was
4 reaction 7 assessed
5 time 6 was
7 assessed 8 after
7 assessed 13 weeks
8 after 9 both
10 12 11 and
11 and 12 24
11 and 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 of
14 of 15 intervention

domain scores were calculated for the domains episodic memory , attention and working memory , information processing speed , and executive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 domain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 domain 2 scores
1 domain 3 were
1 domain 4 calculated
2 scores 3 were
4 calculated 5 for
4 calculated 12 and
5 for 7 domains
6 the 7 domains
8 episodic 9 memory
9 memory 10 ,
10 , 11 attention
10 , 12 and
12 and 14 memory
13 working 14 memory
15 , 20 and
16 information 17 processing
16 information 20 and
17 processing 18 speed
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 executive
20 and 22 functioning

analyses of covariance were used to determine differences between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 analyses 2 of
1 analyses 4 were
2 of 3 covariance
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 determine
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 differences
7 determine 9 between
9 between 10 groups

linear mixed models were used to determine differences in reaction time over time and [per] treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 linear 3 models
2 mixed 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 determine
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 differences
7 determine 9 in
9 in 14 and
10 reaction 11 time
11 time 12 over
11 time 14 and
12 over 13 time
14 and 16 treatment

results : in total , 65 subjects ( 79 ± 8 years ) with a median mini - mental state examination [score] of 28 ( interquartile range 26 - 30 ) were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 14 with
3 in 7 subjects
4 total 5 ,
4 total 7 subjects
6 65 7 subjects
7 subjects 12 years
8 ( 12 years
9 79 12 years
10 ± 12 years
11 8 12 years
12 years 13 )
14 with 17 mini
15 a 17 mini
16 median 17 mini
18 - 21 examination
18 - 33 included
18 - 34 .
19 mental 20 state
20 state 21 examination
21 examination 23 of
21 examination 32 were
23 of 24 28
24 28 27 range
25 ( 27 range
26 interquartile 27 range
27 range 28 26
27 range 30 30
27 range 31 )
29 - 30 30
30 30 31 )
32 were 33 included

reaction time improved more in the protein group ( 68 m [s] ) than in the placebo group ( 18 m [s] , p = 0.03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 reaction 2 time
2 time 3 improved
3 improved 4 more
3 improved 5 in
3 improved 14 than
5 in 8 group
6 the 8 group
7 protein 8 group
8 group 11 m
9 ( 11 m
10 68 11 m
11 m 13 )
14 than 15 in
15 in 18 group
16 the 18 group
17 placebo 18 group
18 group 21 m
18 group 25 =
19 ( 21 m
20 18 21 m
21 m 23 ,
23 , 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.03
25 = 27 )

dietary protein had no significant effect on any of the cognitive domain scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 dietary 2 protein
2 protein 3 had
3 had 6 effect
3 had 7 on
4 no 6 effect
5 significant 6 effect
7 on 8 any
8 any 9 of
9 of 13 scores
10 the 13 scores
11 cognitive 12 domain
12 domain 13 scores

conclusions [:] protein supplementation might improve reaction time performance in pre - frail and [frail] elderly , but did not improve other cognitive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 4 supplementation
3 protein 4 supplementation
4 supplementation 18 but
5 might 6 improve
5 might 18 but
6 improve 9 performance
7 reaction 9 performance
8 time 9 performance
9 performance 10 in
9 performance 14 and
10 in 11 pre
12 - 14 and
13 frail 14 and
14 and 16 elderly
14 and 17 ,
18 but 19 did
19 did 20 not
19 did 21 improve
21 improve 24 functions
22 other 24 functions
23 cognitive 24 functions

none the purpose of this qualitative systematic review was to more fully understand intimate partner abuse ( ipa ) among older women and to explicate strategies for enhancing their well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 none 3 purpose
1 none 9 was
1 none 23 and
2 the 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 of
3 purpose 9 was
4 of 8 review
5 this 8 review
6 qualitative 8 review
7 systematic 8 review
9 was 10 to
10 to 11 more
12 fully 13 understand
13 understand 16 abuse
13 understand 20 among
13 understand 23 and
14 intimate 15 partner
15 partner 16 abuse
16 abuse 18 ipa
17 ( 18 ipa
18 ipa 19 )
20 among 22 women
21 older 22 women
23 and 24 to
23 and 25 explicate
24 to 25 explicate
25 explicate 26 strategies
26 strategies 27 for
27 for 28 enhancing
28 enhancing 30 well
29 their 30 well
31 - 32 being
31 - 33 .

the sample ( n = 20 ) was assembled [based] on an expansive search of the peer - reviewed literature using multiple electronic databases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assembled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 5 =
2 sample 8 was
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 20
5 = 7 )
8 was 9 assembled
9 assembled 11 on
11 on 14 search
12 an 13 expansive
12 an 14 search
13 expansive 14 search
14 search 15 of
15 of 17 peer
16 the 17 peer
18 - 20 literature
19 reviewed 20 literature
20 literature 21 using
21 using 24 databases
22 multiple 24 databases
23 electronic 24 databases

qualitative findings were extracted and coded/categorized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 qualitative 2 findings
2 findings 3 were
3 were 5 and
4 extracted 5 and
5 and 6 coded/categorized

reflective memos were developed , and a cohesive interpretation of the raw data emerged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 memos
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 reflective 2 memos
2 memos 3 were
3 were 4 developed
5 , 6 and
6 and 9 interpretation
6 and 14 emerged
7 a 8 cohesive
7 a 9 interpretation
8 cohesive 9 interpretation
9 interpretation 10 of
9 interpretation 14 emerged
10 of 13 data
11 the 13 data
12 raw 13 data

ipa tends to be a multigenerational problem that older women are reluctant to discuss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ipa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ipa 2 tends
2 tends 3 to
2 tends 4 be
3 to 4 be
4 be 7 problem
5 a 6 multigenerational
5 a 7 problem
6 multigenerational 7 problem
7 problem 8 that
7 problem 14 discuss
8 that 10 women
8 that 11 are
9 older 10 women
10 women 11 are
11 are 12 reluctant
12 reluctant 13 to
12 reluctant 14 discuss
13 to 14 discuss

with age , ipa assumes different forms , and many older women actively choose to make the best of their situations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ipa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assumes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 with 2 age
1 with 3 ,
1 with 4 ipa
4 ipa 5 assumes
5 assumes 9 and
5 assumes 14 choose
6 different 7 forms
7 forms 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 women
9 and 14 choose
10 many 12 women
11 older 12 women
13 actively 14 choose
14 choose 15 to
14 choose 16 make
15 to 16 make
16 make 18 best
17 the 18 best
18 best 19 of
19 of 21 situations
20 their 21 situations

older women cope by trying to make sense of their lives and nurturing themselves in small ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 older 2 women
2 women 3 cope
3 cope 4 by
4 by 5 trying
5 trying 6 to
5 trying 7 make
6 to 7 make
7 make 8 sense
7 make 14 themselves
7 make 15 in
8 sense 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 their 11 lives
11 lives 12 and
12 and 13 nurturing
15 in 17 ways
16 small 17 ways

occasionally , events [occur] [that] enable permanent change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 enable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 occasionally 2 ,
1 occasionally 3 events
3 events 6 enable
6 enable 8 change
7 permanent 8 change

nurses are encouraged to nonjudgmentally assist older women to enhance their well [-] being , despite ipa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nurses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 encouraged
1 nurses 2 are
2 are 3 encouraged
3 encouraged 4 to
3 encouraged 9 to
3 encouraged 10 enhance
4 to 6 assist
5 nonjudgmentally 6 assist
6 assist 8 women
7 older 8 women
9 to 10 enhance
10 enhance 14 being
10 enhance 16 despite
11 their 14 being
12 well 14 being
15 , 16 despite
16 despite 17 ipa
16 despite 18 .

they are also urged to actively intervene when opportunities for significant change arise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 urged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 4 urged
3 also 4 urged
4 urged 5 to
4 urged 7 intervene
5 to 7 intervene
6 actively 7 intervene
7 intervene 8 when
8 when 9 opportunities
8 when 13 arise
9 opportunities 10 for
9 opportunities 13 arise
10 for 12 change
11 significant 12 change

none osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a condition found worldwide , is strongly associated with aging and is the most common type of arthritis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 none 4 oa
1 none 12 is
1 none 17 and
2 osteoarthritis 4 oa
3 ( 4 oa
4 oa 5 )
4 oa 11 ,
6 is 8 condition
6 is 11 ,
7 a 8 condition
8 condition 9 found
9 found 10 worldwide
11 , 12 is
12 is 13 strongly
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 17 and
15 with 16 aging
17 and 18 is
18 is 24 arthritis
19 the 20 most
20 most 22 type
21 common 22 type
22 type 23 of
22 type 24 arthritis
23 of 24 arthritis

because of its effect on ambulation and mobility , it has significant functional impact and is associated with considerable medical costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 9 ,
1 because 10 it
2 of 4 effect
3 its 4 effect
4 effect 5 on
5 on 7 and
6 ambulation 7 and
7 and 8 mobility
10 it 15 and
11 has 14 impact
11 has 15 and
12 significant 14 impact
13 functional 14 impact
15 and 16 is
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 costs
19 considerable 21 costs
20 medical 21 costs

because of the aging of the society and the obesity epidemic , the burden of oa can be expected to increase over the next 20 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 burden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 because 2 of
2 of 8 and
2 of 12 ,
2 of 14 burden
3 the 4 aging
4 aging 5 of
4 aging 8 and
5 of 7 society
6 the 7 society
8 and 11 epidemic
8 and 12 ,
9 the 11 epidemic
10 obesity 11 epidemic
13 the 14 burden
14 burden 15 of
14 burden 17 can
15 of 16 oa
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 expected
19 expected 20 to
19 expected 21 increase
20 to 21 increase
21 increase 22 over
22 over 26 years
23 the 24 next
23 the 25 20
25 20 26 years

although the cartilage lesion is present at sites remote from synovium , the fibroblast - and macrophage - like synovial cells , as well as the chondrocytes itself , are potential sources of cytokines that could induce chondrocytes to synthesize and secrete cartilage - degrading proteases , cytokines , and other inflammatory mediators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 although 4 lesion
1 although 5 is
1 although 6 present
2 the 4 lesion
3 cartilage 4 lesion
4 lesion 5 is
6 present 7 at
6 present 16 and
6 present 28 itself
7 at 8 sites
9 remote 10 from
9 remote 16 and
10 from 11 synovium
11 synovium 14 fibroblast
12 , 14 fibroblast
13 the 14 fibroblast
14 fibroblast 15 -
15 - 16 and
16 and 17 macrophage
17 macrophage 19 like
17 macrophage 25 as
18 - 19 like
19 like 21 cells
19 like 22 ,
20 synovial 21 cells
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 27 chondrocytes
26 the 27 chondrocytes
29 , 30 are
30 are 32 sources
30 are 53 mediators
31 potential 32 sources
32 sources 33 of
32 sources 35 that
32 sources 36 could
33 of 34 cytokines
35 that 36 could
36 could 41 and
37 induce 38 chondrocytes
37 induce 41 and
38 chondrocytes 39 to
38 chondrocytes 40 synthesize
39 to 40 synthesize
41 and 42 secrete
41 and 50 and
42 secrete 43 cartilage
42 secrete 45 degrading
44 - 45 degrading
45 degrading 46 proteases
45 degrading 47 ,
48 cytokines 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 other
52 inflammatory 53 mediators

the bio - identical progesterone shows its anti - inflammatory effects in oa by suppressing gene expressions in the production of inflammatory cytokines through the negative interaction between nuclear transcription factor and the progesterone receptor [and/or] the progesterone - induced increase of nuclear transcription factor inhibition in the nucleus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 bio
3 - 5 progesterone
3 - 6 shows
4 identical 5 progesterone
5 progesterone 6 shows
6 shows 11 effects
6 shows 32 and
6 shows 47 in
7 its 11 effects
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 11 effects
10 inflammatory 11 effects
11 effects 12 in
12 in 13 oa
13 oa 14 by
14 by 15 suppressing
15 suppressing 17 expressions
15 suppressing 31 factor
16 gene 17 expressions
17 expressions 18 in
17 expressions 31 factor
18 in 20 production
19 the 20 production
20 production 21 of
21 of 23 cytokines
22 inflammatory 23 cytokines
23 cytokines 24 through
24 through 27 interaction
25 the 27 interaction
26 negative 27 interaction
27 interaction 28 between
28 between 30 transcription
29 nuclear 30 transcription
32 and 35 receptor
32 and 41 increase
33 the 35 receptor
34 progesterone 35 receptor
37 the 41 increase
38 progesterone 39 -
38 progesterone 41 increase
40 induced 41 increase
41 increase 42 of
42 of 46 inhibition
43 nuclear 44 transcription
44 transcription 46 inhibition
45 factor 46 inhibition
47 in 49 nucleus
48 the 49 nucleus

the bio - identical progesterone may indirectly regulate bone remodeling and may also play a role in the development and maintenance of cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 bio
3 - 5 progesterone
4 identical 5 progesterone
5 progesterone 11 and
6 may 8 regulate
6 may 11 and
7 indirectly 8 regulate
8 regulate 10 remodeling
9 bone 10 remodeling
11 and 12 may
12 may 14 play
13 also 14 play
14 play 16 role
14 play 17 in
15 a 16 role
17 in 20 and
18 the 19 development
19 development 20 and
20 and 21 maintenance
20 and 22 of
22 of 23 cartilage

this review will discuss about transdermal [bio] - identical progesterone cream as suggested hormonal treatment of oa , based on its pathogenic process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 4 discuss
4 discuss 5 about
4 discuss 11 cream
4 discuss 20 on
5 about 10 progesterone
6 transdermal 8 -
6 transdermal 10 progesterone
9 identical 10 progesterone
11 cream 12 as
12 as 18 ,
13 suggested 15 treatment
13 suggested 18 ,
14 hormonal 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 of
16 of 17 oa
18 , 19 based
20 on 23 process
21 its 23 process
22 pathogenic 23 process

objectives : later life is often accompanied by experiences of loss and bereavement in several life domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 life
2 : 7 accompanied
3 later 4 life
4 life 5 is
5 is 6 often
5 is 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
7 accompanied 14 in
8 by 9 experiences
9 experiences 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 loss 12 and
12 and 13 bereavement
14 in 17 domains
15 several 17 domains
16 life 17 domains

in spite of this , older adults experience less [negative] [affect] than their younger counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 spite
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 adults
2 spite 3 of
3 of 4 this
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 experience
8 experience 9 less
8 experience 12 than
12 than 15 counterparts
13 their 15 counterparts
14 younger 15 counterparts

several explanations for this paradoxical finding have been put forward , but the mechanisms underlying the association between age and negative affect remain largely unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explanations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 put
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 several 2 explanations
2 explanations 3 for
2 explanations 7 have
3 for 6 finding
4 this 6 finding
5 paradoxical 6 finding
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 put
9 put 10 forward
11 , 23 remain
12 but 15 underlying
12 but 23 remain
13 the 15 underlying
14 mechanisms 15 underlying
15 underlying 20 and
15 underlying 22 affect
16 the 17 association
17 association 18 between
17 association 20 and
18 between 19 age
20 and 21 negative
20 and 22 affect
23 remain 25 unclear
24 largely 25 unclear

in the present study , we propose that mindfulness may be an important mediator of this association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 propose
7 propose 8 that
8 that 9 mindfulness
8 that 11 be
9 mindfulness 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 14 mediator
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 mediator
13 important 14 mediator
14 mediator 15 of
15 of 17 association
16 this 17 association

method : a cross - sectional sample [of] 507 participants ( age range 18 - 85 years ) was used to investigate this question . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 cross
2 : 20 used
3 a 4 cross
4 cross 10 participants
4 cross 17 years
4 cross 19 was
5 - 10 participants
6 sectional 7 sample
7 sample 10 participants
9 507 10 participants
10 participants 13 range
10 participants 15 -
11 ( 13 range
12 age 13 range
13 range 14 18
13 range 15 -
15 - 17 years
16 85 17 years
17 years 18 )
19 was 20 used
20 used 21 to
20 used 22 investigate
21 to 22 investigate
22 investigate 24 question
23 this 24 question

participants completed a range of self [-] report questionnaires on demographic variables , mindfulness , [affect] , quality of life ( qol ) , and personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 participants 2 completed
2 completed 25 and
3 a 4 range
4 range 5 of
4 range 10 on
4 range 25 and
5 of 9 questionnaires
6 self 9 questionnaires
8 report 9 questionnaires
10 on 12 variables
11 demographic 12 variables
12 variables 14 mindfulness
12 variables 18 quality
13 , 14 mindfulness
14 mindfulness 15 ,
17 , 18 quality
18 quality 19 of
18 quality 24 ,
19 of 20 life
20 life 22 qol
21 ( 22 qol
22 qol 23 )
25 and 26 personality

in our mediation analysis , we used an advanced statistical technique called [g] - estimation to control for the impact of confounding variables such as personality dimensions and qol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 our 4 analysis
3 mediation 4 analysis
6 we 7 used
7 used 11 technique
8 an 9 advanced
8 an 11 technique
9 advanced 11 technique
10 statistical 11 technique
11 technique 12 called
14 - 28 and
14 - 30 .
15 estimation 16 to
15 estimation 28 and
16 to 17 control
17 control 18 for
17 control 21 of
18 for 20 impact
19 the 20 impact
21 of 22 confounding
22 confounding 23 variables
23 variables 25 as
24 such 25 as
25 as 27 dimensions
26 personality 27 dimensions
28 and 29 qol

results : our findings indicate [that] the age - related decrease in negative [affect] [is] mediated [by] mindfulness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 indicate
2 : 10 related
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 indicate
5 indicate 8 age
7 the 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 decrease
10 related 19 .
11 decrease 12 in
12 in 18 mindfulness
13 negative 16 mediated
16 mediated 18 mindfulness

the results remain significant when we control [for] qol and personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 remain
3 remain 4 significant
4 significant 5 when
5 when 6 we
5 when 7 control
6 we 7 control
7 control 10 and
9 qol 10 and
10 and 11 personality

discussion : these findings imply that mindfulness skills may be an important link between age and negative [affect] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 imply
2 : 19 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 imply
5 imply 6 that
6 that 8 skills
6 that 10 be
7 mindfulness 8 skills
8 skills 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 13 link
11 an 12 important
11 an 13 link
12 important 13 link
13 link 14 between
14 between 16 and
15 age 16 and
16 and 17 negative

implications of these findings for the understanding of the well [-] being paradox are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 implications 2 of
1 implications 14 are
2 of 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 for
5 for 7 understanding
6 the 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 13 paradox
9 the 13 paradox
10 well 13 paradox
12 being 13 paradox
14 are 15 discussed

[none] cognitive [decline] is very common in age and particularly in subjects with neurodegenerative conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 cognitive 4 is
4 is 6 common
5 very 6 common
6 common 9 and
6 common 13 with
7 in 8 age
7 in 9 and
9 and 10 particularly
9 and 11 in
11 in 12 subjects
13 with 15 conditions
14 neurodegenerative 15 conditions

besides memory and language , executive functions are very often affected in elderly and patients with alzheimer 's disease or parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 besides 3 and
1 besides 5 ,
1 besides 7 functions
2 memory 3 and
3 and 4 language
6 executive 7 functions
7 functions 8 are
8 are 11 affected
9 very 10 often
10 often 11 affected
11 affected 12 in
11 affected 16 with
12 in 14 and
13 elderly 14 and
14 and 15 patients
16 with 20 or
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease
19 disease 20 or
20 or 23 disease
21 parkinson 22 's
22 's 23 disease

however , the neural alterations associated with these executive deficits are still not fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 alterations
3 the 5 alterations
4 neural 5 alterations
5 alterations 6 associated
5 alterations 11 are
6 associated 7 with
7 with 10 deficits
8 these 10 deficits
9 executive 10 deficits
11 are 13 not
11 are 15 understood
12 still 13 not
14 fully 15 understood

therefore , we measured cortical activation using functional near - infrared spectroscopy ( fnirs [ )(in 16 healthy elderly subjects ( 50 - 75 years ) performing the trail making test ( tmt ) , a widely used neuropsychological instrument measuring executive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measured
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 measured
4 measured 6 activation
4 measured 7 using
5 cortical 6 activation
7 using 12 spectroscopy
8 functional 12 spectroscopy
9 near 10 -
9 near 12 spectroscopy
11 infrared 12 spectroscopy
12 spectroscopy 14 fnirs
13 ( 14 fnirs
14 fnirs 16 )(in
14 fnirs 27 performing
14 fnirs 44 .
16 )(in 20 subjects
17 16 20 subjects
18 healthy 20 subjects
19 elderly 20 subjects
20 subjects 25 years
21 ( 25 years
22 50 23 -
23 - 24 75
23 - 25 years
25 years 26 )
27 performing 31 test
28 the 31 test
29 trail 30 making
30 making 31 test
31 test 33 tmt
31 test 43 function
32 ( 33 tmt
33 tmt 34 )
35 , 43 function
36 a 43 function
37 widely 38 used
38 used 40 instrument
39 neuropsychological 40 instrument
40 instrument 42 executive
41 measuring 42 executive
42 executive 43 function
43 function 44 .

[in] line with previous studies focusing on younger subjects , the results showed frontal activation during the tmt a and the tmt b in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , the frontopolar area and also broca 's area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 line
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 line 3 with
3 with 5 studies
3 with 6 focusing
4 previous 5 studies
6 focusing 7 on
7 on 9 subjects
8 younger 9 subjects
10 , 12 results
10 , 13 showed
11 the 12 results
12 results 13 showed
13 showed 33 and
14 frontal 15 activation
15 activation 16 during
15 activation 29 ,
16 during 20 and
17 the 18 tmt
18 tmt 19 a
18 tmt 20 and
20 and 22 tmt
20 and 24 in
21 the 22 tmt
22 tmt 23 b
24 in 28 cortex
25 the 28 cortex
26 dorsolateral 28 cortex
27 prefrontal 28 cortex
29 , 32 area
29 , 33 and
30 the 32 area
31 frontopolar 32 area
33 and 34 also
33 and 37 area
35 broca 36 's
36 's 37 area

furthermore , significant activation in the left motor , somatosensory cortices and somatosensory association cortices was demonstrated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 activation
3 significant 4 activation
4 activation 5 in
4 activation 16 was
5 in 12 and
6 the 8 motor
7 left 8 motor
8 motor 9 ,
9 , 11 cortices
9 , 12 and
10 somatosensory 11 cortices
12 and 15 cortices
13 somatosensory 15 cortices
14 association 15 cortices
16 was 17 demonstrated

additionally , after a median split the differences between younger [(] < 58 years [ )(and older [(] >58 years ) subjects were analyzed with the older subjects showing [a] less focused prefrontal activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 22 subjects
3 after 5 median
3 after 6 split
3 after 21 )
3 after 22 subjects
4 a 5 median
5 median 6 split
6 split 8 differences
7 the 8 differences
8 differences 9 between
9 between 20 years
10 younger 20 years
12 < 13 58
13 58 14 years
14 years 16 )(and
16 )(and 17 older
16 )(and 19 >58
19 >58 20 years
22 subjects 23 were
23 were 24 analyzed
24 analyzed 25 with
25 with 28 subjects
25 with 29 showing
26 the 28 subjects
27 older 28 subjects
29 showing 31 less
29 showing 34 activation
32 focused 34 activation
33 prefrontal 34 activation

altogether , fnirs was found to be suitable to detect cortical activation in elderly subjects during performance of the tmt as well as aging - related differences in prefrontal activation topography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fnirs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 detect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 altogether 2 ,
1 altogether 3 fnirs
3 fnirs 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 suitable
8 suitable 9 to
8 suitable 10 detect
9 to 10 detect
10 detect 12 activation
10 detect 13 in
10 detect 16 during
10 detect 22 well
10 detect 23 as
11 cortical 12 activation
13 in 15 subjects
14 elderly 15 subjects
16 during 17 performance
17 performance 18 of
18 of 20 tmt
19 the 20 tmt
21 as 22 well
23 as 24 aging
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 differences
26 related 32 .
27 differences 28 in
28 in 31 topography
29 prefrontal 31 topography
30 activation 31 topography

these neural [correlates] [of] executive functions should be further investigated as a potential prodromal neural marker of executive deficits and neurodegenerative processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 6 functions
2 neural 6 functions
5 executive 6 functions
6 functions 7 should
7 should 8 be
8 be 9 further
8 be 10 investigated
10 investigated 11 as
11 as 16 marker
12 a 13 potential
12 a 16 marker
13 potential 16 marker
14 prodromal 16 marker
15 neural 16 marker
16 marker 17 of
17 of 20 and
18 executive 19 deficits
19 deficits 20 and
20 and 22 processes
21 neurodegenerative 22 processes

the recent growth of interest in developmental programming of physiological systems has generally focused on the cardiovascular system ( especially [hypertension] [ )(and predisposition to metabolic dysfunction ( mainly obesity and diabetes ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 growth
2 recent 3 growth
3 growth 4 of
3 growth 12 has
4 of 5 interest
5 interest 6 in
6 in 8 programming
7 developmental 8 programming
8 programming 9 of
9 of 11 systems
10 physiological 11 systems
12 has 14 focused
13 generally 14 focused
14 focused 15 on
14 focused 25 to
15 on 23 )(and
16 the 18 system
17 cardiovascular 18 system
18 system 23 )(and
19 ( 20 especially
19 ( 23 )(and
23 )(and 24 predisposition
25 to 27 dysfunction
26 metabolic 27 dysfunction
27 dysfunction 31 and
28 ( 29 mainly
28 ( 31 and
30 obesity 31 and
31 and 32 diabetes
31 and 33 )

however , it is now clear that the full range of altered offspring phenotypes includes impaired reproductive [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 now
4 is 6 clear
6 clear 7 that
7 that 10 range
7 that 14 phenotypes
8 the 10 range
9 full 10 range
10 range 11 of
10 range 14 phenotypes
11 of 13 offspring
12 altered 13 offspring
14 phenotypes 15 includes
15 includes 16 impaired
16 impaired 17 reproductive

in rats , sheep and nonhuman primates , reproductive capacity is altered by challenges experienced during critical periods of development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 5 and
1 in 8 ,
1 in 10 capacity
2 rats 3 ,
2 rats 4 sheep
4 sheep 5 and
5 and 7 primates
6 nonhuman 7 primates
9 reproductive 10 capacity
10 capacity 11 is
11 is 12 altered
12 altered 13 by
12 altered 16 during
13 by 14 challenges
14 challenges 15 experienced
16 during 18 periods
17 critical 18 periods
18 periods 19 of
19 of 20 development

this review will examine available experimental evidence across commonly studied experimental species for developmental programming of female and male reproductive function throughout an individual 's life - course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 4 examine
4 examine 7 evidence
4 examine 8 across
4 examine 22 throughout
5 available 7 evidence
6 experimental 7 evidence
8 across 12 species
9 commonly 10 studied
10 studied 12 species
11 experimental 12 species
12 species 13 for
13 for 15 programming
14 developmental 15 programming
15 programming 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 female 18 and
18 and 21 function
19 male 21 function
20 reproductive 21 function
22 throughout 26 life
23 an 24 individual
24 individual 25 's
25 's 26 life
27 - 28 course
27 - 29 .

it is necessary to consider events that occur during fetal development , early neonatal life and prior to and during puberty , during active reproductive life and aging as reproductive performance declines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 necessary
3 necessary 4 to
3 necessary 18 to
4 to 5 consider
5 consider 6 events
5 consider 18 to
6 events 7 that
6 events 8 occur
7 that 8 occur
8 occur 9 during
9 during 16 and
10 fetal 11 development
11 development 12 ,
12 , 15 life
12 , 16 and
13 early 15 life
14 neonatal 15 life
16 and 17 prior
19 and 31 performance
19 and 32 declines
20 during 21 puberty
20 during 22 ,
20 during 31 performance
23 during 27 and
23 during 31 performance
24 active 26 life
25 reproductive 26 life
26 life 27 and
27 and 28 aging
29 as 30 reproductive
30 reproductive 31 performance
31 performance 32 declines

spatial variation of the haemodynamic stresses acting on the arterial wall is commonly assumed to explain the focal development of atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 stresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 spatial 2 variation
2 variation 3 of
2 variation 6 stresses
3 of 5 haemodynamic
4 the 5 haemodynamic
6 stresses 7 acting
6 stresses 14 assumed
7 acting 8 on
7 acting 12 is
8 on 11 wall
9 the 11 wall
10 arterial 11 wall
12 is 14 assumed
13 commonly 14 assumed
14 assumed 15 to
15 to 16 explain
16 explain 19 development
17 the 19 development
18 focal 19 development
19 development 20 of
20 of 21 atherosclerosis

disturbed flow in particular is thought to play a key role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 flow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 disturbed 2 flow
2 flow 4 particular
2 flow 5 is
3 in 4 particular
5 is 6 thought
6 thought 7 to
7 to 8 play
8 play 11 role
9 a 11 role
10 key 11 role

however , widely [-] used metrics developed to quantify its extent are unable to distinguish between uniaxial and multidirectional flows . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 metrics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 metrics
3 widely 5 used
5 used 6 metrics
6 metrics 7 developed
6 metrics 12 are
7 developed 8 to
8 to 9 quantify
9 quantify 11 extent
10 its 11 extent
12 are 13 unable
13 unable 14 to
13 unable 15 distinguish
14 to 15 distinguish
15 distinguish 16 between
16 between 20 flows
17 uniaxial 18 and
18 and 19 multidirectional
18 and 20 flows

we analysed pulsatile flow fields obtained [in] idealised and anatomically - realistic arterial geometries using computational fluid dynamics techniques , and [in] particular investigated the multidirectionality of the flow fields , capturing this aspect of near - wall blood flow with a new metric - [the] transverse wall [shear] stress ( transwss ) - calculated as the time - average of wall [shear] stress components perpendicular to the mean flow direction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 we 2 analysed
2 analysed 4 flow
3 pulsatile 4 flow
4 flow 5 fields
4 flow 8 idealised
5 fields 6 obtained
5 fields 8 idealised
9 and 14 geometries
10 anatomically 11 -
10 anatomically 14 geometries
12 realistic 14 geometries
13 arterial 14 geometries
14 geometries 15 using
14 geometries 24 investigated
15 using 21 and
16 computational 17 fluid
17 fluid 19 techniques
18 dynamics 19 techniques
19 techniques 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 particular
24 investigated 26 multidirectionality
25 the 26 multidirectionality
26 multidirectionality 27 of
26 multidirectionality 32 capturing
27 of 30 fields
28 the 30 fields
29 flow 30 fields
31 , 32 capturing
32 capturing 34 aspect
32 capturing 41 with
33 this 34 aspect
34 aspect 35 of
35 of 40 flow
36 near 37 -
36 near 38 wall
38 wall 39 blood
39 blood 40 flow
41 with 50 stress
42 a 43 new
42 a 50 stress
43 new 48 wall
44 metric 45 -
44 metric 48 wall
47 transverse 48 wall
48 wall 50 stress
50 stress 52 transwss
50 stress 55 calculated
50 stress 60 average
51 ( 52 transwss
52 transwss 53 )
54 - 55 calculated
55 calculated 56 as
55 calculated 59 -
56 as 58 time
57 the 58 time
59 - 60 average
60 average 61 of
60 average 72 .
61 of 65 components
62 wall 64 stress
64 stress 65 components
65 components 66 perpendicular
66 perpendicular 67 to
67 to 71 direction
68 the 71 direction
69 mean 70 flow
70 flow 71 direction

in the idealised branching geometry , multidirectional flow was observed downstream of the branch ostium , a region of flow stagnation , and [to] the sides of the ostium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 flow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 5 geometry
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 flow
2 the 5 geometry
3 idealised 5 geometry
4 branching 5 geometry
7 multidirectional 8 flow
8 flow 9 was
9 was 10 observed
10 observed 11 downstream
11 downstream 12 of
12 of 23 and
13 the 15 ostium
14 branch 15 ostium
15 ostium 16 ,
16 , 18 region
16 , 23 and
17 a 18 region
18 region 19 of
19 of 21 stagnation
20 flow 21 stagnation
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 sides
23 and 27 of
25 the 26 sides
27 of 29 ostium
28 the 29 ostium

the distribution of the transwss was different from the pattern of traditional haemodynamic metrics and more dependent on the velocity waveform imposed at the branch outlet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 distribution
2 distribution 3 of
2 distribution 6 was
3 of 5 transwss
4 the 5 transwss
6 was 21 waveform
7 different 8 from
7 different 15 and
8 from 10 pattern
9 the 10 pattern
10 pattern 11 of
11 of 14 metrics
12 traditional 14 metrics
13 haemodynamic 14 metrics
15 and 17 dependent
15 and 21 waveform
16 more 17 dependent
17 dependent 18 on
18 on 20 velocity
19 the 20 velocity
21 waveform 22 imposed
22 imposed 23 at
23 at 26 outlet
24 the 26 outlet
25 branch 26 outlet

in rabbit aortas , transwss patterns were again different from patterns of traditional metrics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 aortas
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 patterns
2 rabbit 3 aortas
5 transwss 6 patterns
6 patterns 7 were
7 were 8 again
7 were 9 different
9 different 10 from
10 from 11 patterns
11 patterns 12 of
12 of 14 metrics
13 traditional 14 metrics

the near - branch pattern varied between intercostal ostia , [as] is the case for lesion distribution ; for some branches there were striking resemblances to the age - dependent patterns of disease seen in rabbit and human aortas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
1 the 5 pattern
2 near 3 -
2 near 4 branch
4 branch 5 pattern
5 pattern 10 ,
6 varied 7 between
6 varied 10 ,
7 between 9 ostia
8 intercostal 9 ostia
10 , 12 is
10 , 15 for
12 is 14 case
13 the 14 case
15 for 17 distribution
16 lesion 17 distribution
18 ; 21 branches
18 ; 23 were
18 ; 29 -
19 for 20 some
19 for 21 branches
21 branches 22 there
21 branches 23 were
23 were 24 striking
24 striking 25 resemblances
24 striking 26 to
26 to 28 age
27 the 28 age
29 - 37 and
29 - 40 .
30 dependent 31 patterns
31 patterns 32 of
31 patterns 37 and
32 of 33 disease
33 disease 34 seen
34 seen 35 in
35 in 36 rabbit
37 and 39 aortas
38 human 39 aortas

the new [metric] may lead to improved understanding of atherogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 new
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 new
2 new 4 may
4 may 5 lead
5 lead 6 to
6 to 8 understanding
7 improved 8 understanding
8 understanding 9 of
9 of 10 atherogenesis

rationale : myocardial [function] is enhanced by adoptive transfer of human cardiac progenitor cells ( hcpcs ) into a pathologically challenged heart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rationale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 myocardial
2 : 6 enhanced
3 myocardial 5 is
5 is 6 enhanced
6 enhanced 7 by
6 enhanced 18 into
7 by 9 transfer
8 adoptive 9 transfer
9 transfer 10 of
10 of 14 cells
11 human 13 progenitor
12 cardiac 13 progenitor
13 progenitor 14 cells
14 cells 16 hcpcs
15 ( 16 hcpcs
16 hcpcs 17 )
18 into 22 heart
19 a 22 heart
20 pathologically 21 challenged
21 challenged 22 heart

however , advanced age , comorbidities , and myocardial injury in patients with heart failure constrain the proliferation , survival , and regenerative capacity of hcpcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 constrain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 16 constrain
2 , 3 advanced
3 advanced 8 and
3 advanced 11 in
3 advanced 13 with
3 advanced 16 constrain
4 age 5 ,
5 , 6 comorbidities
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 injury
9 myocardial 10 injury
11 in 12 patients
13 with 15 failure
14 heart 15 failure
16 constrain 22 and
17 the 18 proliferation
18 proliferation 19 ,
19 , 20 survival
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 capacity
22 and 25 of
23 regenerative 24 capacity
25 of 26 hcpcs

rejuvenation of senescent hcpcs will improve the outcome of regenerative therapy for a substantial patient population possessing functionally impaired stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rejuvenation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 rejuvenation 2 of
1 rejuvenation 5 will
2 of 4 hcpcs
3 senescent 4 hcpcs
5 will 6 improve
6 improve 8 outcome
6 improve 12 for
7 the 8 outcome
8 outcome 9 of
9 of 11 therapy
10 regenerative 11 therapy
12 for 16 population
13 a 14 substantial
13 a 16 population
14 substantial 16 population
15 patient 16 population
16 population 17 possessing
17 possessing 21 cells
18 functionally 19 impaired
19 impaired 20 stem
20 stem 21 cells

objective : reverse phenotypic and functional senescence of hcpcs by [ex] [vivo] modification with pim - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reverse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 reverse
3 reverse 7 senescence
3 reverse 10 by
3 reverse 14 with
4 phenotypic 5 and
5 and 6 functional
5 and 7 senescence
7 senescence 8 of
8 of 9 hcpcs
10 by 13 modification
14 with 15 pim
14 with 17 1
16 - 17 1

methods and results : c - kit - positive hcpcs were isolated from heart [biopsy] samples of patients undergoing left [ventricular] [assist] device implantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 5 c
4 : 6 -
4 : 8 -
5 c 6 -
6 - 7 kit
8 - 9 positive
8 - 11 were
9 positive 11 were
10 hcpcs 11 were
11 were 12 isolated
12 isolated 13 from
13 from 16 samples
14 heart 16 samples
16 samples 17 of
17 of 18 patients
18 patients 19 undergoing
19 undergoing 24 implantation
20 left 24 implantation
23 device 24 implantation

growth kinetics , telomere lengths , and expression of cell cycle regulators showed significant variation between hcpc isolated from multiple patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 growth 2 kinetics
2 kinetics 3 ,
3 , 5 lengths
3 , 7 and
4 telomere 5 lengths
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 expression
7 and 9 of
7 and 13 showed
9 of 12 regulators
10 cell 12 regulators
11 cycle 12 regulators
13 showed 15 variation
13 showed 16 between
14 significant 15 variation
16 between 17 hcpc
17 hcpc 18 isolated
18 isolated 19 from
19 from 21 patients
20 multiple 21 patients

telomere length was significantly decreased in hcpc with slow - growth kinetics concomitant with decreased proliferation [and] upregulation of senescent markers compared with hcpc with fast - growth kinetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomere
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 telomere 2 length
1 telomere 14 with
1 telomere 15 decreased
2 length 3 was
3 was 5 decreased
4 significantly 5 decreased
5 decreased 6 in
5 decreased 13 concomitant
6 in 7 hcpc
7 hcpc 8 with
8 with 12 kinetics
9 slow 10 -
9 slow 11 growth
11 growth 12 kinetics
13 concomitant 14 with
15 decreased 18 upregulation
15 decreased 25 with
16 proliferation 18 upregulation
18 upregulation 19 of
18 upregulation 22 compared
19 of 21 markers
20 senescent 21 markers
22 compared 23 with
23 with 24 hcpc
25 with 29 kinetics
26 fast 27 -
26 fast 28 growth
28 growth 29 kinetics

desirable youthful characteristics were conferred on hcpcs by genetic modification using pim - 1 kinase , including increases in proliferation [,] telomere length , survival , and decreased expression of senescence markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 desirable 3 characteristics
2 youthful 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 27 and
4 were 5 conferred
4 were 27 and
5 conferred 6 on
5 conferred 8 by
5 conferred 11 using
6 on 7 hcpcs
8 by 10 modification
9 genetic 10 modification
11 using 12 pim
11 using 17 including
12 pim 15 kinase
13 - 15 kinase
14 1 15 kinase
15 kinase 16 ,
16 , 17 including
17 including 18 increases
17 including 19 in
17 including 26 ,
19 in 23 length
20 proliferation 23 length
22 telomere 23 length
23 length 25 survival
24 , 25 survival
25 survival 26 ,
27 and 28 decreased
27 and 29 expression
29 expression 30 of
30 of 32 markers
31 senescence 32 markers

conclusions : senescence characteristics of hcpcs are ameliorated by pim - 1 kinase resulting in rejuvenation of phenotypic and functional properties . hcpcs show improved cellular properties resulting from pim - 1 modification , but benefits were more pronounced in hcpc with slow - growth kinetics relative to hcpc with fast - growth kinetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 senescence
2 : 9 by
3 senescence 4 characteristics
3 senescence 7 are
3 senescence 8 ameliorated
4 characteristics 5 of
4 characteristics 7 are
5 of 6 hcpcs
9 by 16 rejuvenation
10 pim 16 rejuvenation
11 - 12 1
12 1 15 in
13 kinase 14 resulting
14 resulting 15 in
15 in 16 rejuvenation
16 rejuvenation 17 of
17 of 21 properties
18 phenotypic 19 and
19 and 20 functional
19 and 21 properties
22 . 27 properties
22 . 39 pronounced
23 hcpcs 24 show
24 show 25 improved
25 improved 27 properties
26 cellular 27 properties
27 properties 28 resulting
27 properties 37 were
28 resulting 29 from
28 resulting 35 but
29 from 30 pim
30 pim 33 modification
31 - 33 modification
32 1 33 modification
33 modification 34 ,
35 but 36 benefits
37 were 38 more
37 were 39 pronounced
39 pronounced 40 in
39 pronounced 42 with
39 pronounced 47 relative
40 in 41 hcpc
42 with 46 kinetics
43 slow 44 -
43 slow 46 kinetics
45 growth 46 kinetics
47 relative 48 to
47 relative 49 hcpc
48 to 49 hcpc
49 hcpc 50 with
50 with 54 kinetics
51 fast 52 -
51 fast 54 kinetics
53 growth 54 kinetics

with the majority of patients with heart failure presenting advanced age , infirmity , and impaired regenerative capacity , the use of pim - 1 modification should be incorporated into cell - based therapeutic approaches to broaden inclusion criteria and address limitations associated with the senescent phenotype of aged hcpc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 presenting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 advanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 with 5 patients
1 with 9 presenting
2 the 3 majority
3 majority 4 of
3 majority 5 patients
4 of 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
6 with 8 failure
7 heart 8 failure
9 presenting 10 advanced
10 advanced 11 age
12 , 31 cell
12 , 32 -
13 infirmity 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 capacity
15 and 19 ,
15 and 21 use
15 and 30 into
15 and 31 cell
16 impaired 18 capacity
17 regenerative 18 capacity
20 the 21 use
21 use 22 of
21 use 26 modification
21 use 28 be
21 use 29 incorporated
22 of 23 pim
24 - 25 1
25 1 26 modification
26 modification 27 should
27 should 28 be
29 incorporated 30 into
32 - 40 and
33 based 35 approaches
33 based 36 to
33 based 40 and
34 therapeutic 35 approaches
36 to 37 broaden
37 broaden 39 criteria
38 inclusion 39 criteria
40 and 41 address
41 address 42 limitations
41 address 44 with
42 limitations 43 associated
44 with 47 phenotype
45 the 47 phenotype
46 senescent 47 phenotype
47 phenotype 48 of
48 of 50 hcpc
49 aged 50 hcpc

spontaneous protein deamidation of labile asparagines ( asn ) , generating abnormal [l] - isoaspartyl residues ( isoasp ) , is associated with cell aging and enhanced by an oxidative microenvironment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deamidation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 spontaneous 2 protein
2 protein 3 deamidation
3 deamidation 4 of
3 deamidation 11 generating
3 deamidation 26 and
4 of 6 asparagines
5 labile 6 asparagines
6 asparagines 8 asn
7 ( 8 asn
8 asn 9 )
10 , 11 generating
11 generating 16 residues
11 generating 20 ,
12 abnormal 14 -
12 abnormal 15 isoaspartyl
15 isoaspartyl 16 residues
16 residues 18 isoasp
17 ( 18 isoasp
18 isoasp 19 )
21 is 22 associated
21 is 26 and
22 associated 23 with
23 with 25 aging
24 cell 25 aging
26 and 27 enhanced
26 and 28 by
28 by 31 microenvironment
29 an 30 oxidative
29 an 31 microenvironment
30 oxidative 31 microenvironment

the presence of isopeptide bonds impairs protein structure/function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 impairs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 6 impairs
3 of 5 bonds
4 isopeptide 5 bonds
6 impairs 8 structure/function
7 protein 8 structure/function

to minimize the damage , isoasp can be " repaired " by the protein [l] - isoaspartyl/d - aspartyl o - methyltransferase ( pimt ) and s - adenosylmethionine ( adomet ) is the methyl donor of this reaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 isoasp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 repaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 to 2 minimize
1 to 5 ,
1 to 6 isoasp
2 minimize 4 damage
3 the 4 damage
6 isoasp 7 can
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 "
8 be 10 repaired
10 repaired 11 "
10 repaired 12 by
12 by 14 protein
13 the 14 protein
14 protein 19 aspartyl
16 - 19 aspartyl
17 isoaspartyl/d 18 -
17 isoaspartyl/d 19 aspartyl
19 aspartyl 20 o
19 aspartyl 22 methyltransferase
19 aspartyl 25 )
21 - 22 methyltransferase
22 methyltransferase 24 pimt
22 methyltransferase 25 )
23 ( 24 pimt
24 pimt 25 )
26 and 27 s
26 and 28 -
27 s 28 -
28 - 29 adenosylmethionine
29 adenosylmethionine 31 adomet
29 adenosylmethionine 33 is
30 ( 31 adomet
31 adomet 32 )
33 is 36 donor
34 the 36 donor
35 methyl 36 donor
36 donor 37 of
37 of 39 reaction
38 this 39 reaction

pimt is a repair enzyme that initiates the conversion of [l] - isoasp ( [or] d - asp ) residues [to] [l] - asp residues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pimt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 pimt 2 is
2 is 5 enzyme
2 is 25 residues
3 a 4 repair
3 a 5 enzyme
4 repair 5 enzyme
5 enzyme 6 that
5 enzyme 10 of
5 enzyme 20 residues
6 that 7 initiates
7 initiates 9 conversion
8 the 9 conversion
9 conversion 10 of
12 - 20 residues
13 isoasp 17 -
13 isoasp 20 residues
14 ( 17 -
16 d 17 -
17 - 18 asp
17 - 19 )
20 residues 23 -
24 asp 25 residues

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a severe neurodegenerative disease principally affecting motor neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 amyotrophic 3 sclerosis
2 lateral 3 sclerosis
3 sclerosis 5 als
3 sclerosis 7 is
4 ( 5 als
5 als 6 )
7 is 11 disease
8 a 9 severe
8 a 11 disease
9 severe 11 disease
10 neurodegenerative 11 disease
11 disease 13 affecting
12 principally 13 affecting
13 affecting 15 neurons
14 motor 15 neurons

the condition of oxidative stress reported in familial and sporadic forms of als prompted us to investigate asn deamidation in als tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 condition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 condition
2 condition 3 of
2 condition 7 in
2 condition 12 of
2 condition 14 prompted
3 of 5 stress
4 oxidative 5 stress
5 stress 6 reported
7 in 11 forms
8 familial 9 and
9 and 10 sporadic
9 and 11 forms
12 of 13 als
14 prompted 15 us
14 prompted 16 to
14 prompted 17 investigate
16 to 17 investigate
17 investigate 19 deamidation
17 investigate 20 in
18 asn 19 deamidation
20 in 22 tissue
21 als 22 tissue

erythrocytes ( rbcs ) were selected as a model system since they are unable to replace damaged proteins and protein methylesterification is [virtually] the only adomet - consuming reaction operating in these cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 erythrocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 selected
1 erythrocytes 3 rbcs
1 erythrocytes 5 were
2 ( 3 rbcs
3 rbcs 4 )
5 were 6 selected
6 selected 7 as
6 selected 11 since
6 selected 28 consuming
7 as 10 system
8 a 10 system
9 model 10 system
11 since 19 and
11 since 22 is
12 they 13 are
12 they 19 and
13 are 14 unable
14 unable 15 to
14 unable 16 replace
15 to 16 replace
16 replace 18 proteins
17 damaged 18 proteins
19 and 21 methylesterification
20 protein 21 methylesterification
21 methylesterification 22 is
22 is 26 adomet
24 the 25 only
24 the 26 adomet
27 - 28 consuming
28 consuming 29 reaction
28 consuming 34 .
29 reaction 30 operating
29 reaction 31 in
31 in 33 cells
32 these 33 cells

our data show that , in vitro assay , abnormal isoasp residues were significantly higher in als patients erythrocyte membrane proteins with an increased methyl accepting capability relative to controls ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 accepting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 5 ,
3 show 4 that
3 show 5 ,
5 , 8 assay
6 in 7 vitro
7 vitro 8 assay
9 , 12 residues
9 , 13 were
10 abnormal 12 residues
11 isoasp 12 residues
12 residues 13 were
13 were 14 significantly
13 were 15 higher
15 higher 16 in
16 in 17 als
17 als 18 patients
17 als 26 accepting
18 patients 19 erythrocyte
19 erythrocyte 21 proteins
19 erythrocyte 22 with
20 membrane 21 proteins
22 with 25 methyl
23 an 25 methyl
24 increased 25 methyl
25 methyl 26 accepting
26 accepting 27 capability
27 capability 28 relative
27 capability 32 p<0.05
28 relative 29 to
29 to 30 controls
31 ( 32 p<0.05
32 p<0.05 33 )

moreover , we observed a reduction in adomet levels , while adohcy concentration was comparable to that detected in the control , resulting in a lower [[] [adomet] ]/ [ adohcy ] ratio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 4 observed
4 observed 6 reduction
4 observed 9 levels
5 a 6 reduction
6 reduction 7 in
6 reduction 9 levels
7 in 8 adomet
10 , 13 concentration
10 , 14 was
11 while 12 adohcy
11 while 13 concentration
13 concentration 14 was
14 was 15 comparable
15 comparable 16 to
15 comparable 24 in
16 to 17 that
17 that 18 detected
18 detected 19 in
18 detected 22 ,
18 detected 23 resulting
19 in 21 control
20 the 21 control
24 in 33 ratio
25 a 33 ratio
26 lower 33 ratio
29 ]/ 31 adohcy
29 ]/ 32 ]
29 ]/ 33 ratio
30 [ 31 adohcy
31 adohcy 32 ]

then , the accumulation of altered aspartyl residues in als patients is probably related to a reduced efficiency of [the] s - adenosylmethionine ( adomet ) - dependent repair system causing increased protein instability at asn sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 then 2 ,
1 then 4 accumulation
3 the 4 accumulation
4 accumulation 5 of
4 accumulation 9 in
4 accumulation 12 is
5 of 8 residues
6 altered 7 aspartyl
7 aspartyl 8 residues
9 in 11 patients
10 als 11 patients
12 is 14 related
13 probably 14 related
14 related 15 to
15 to 18 efficiency
16 a 18 efficiency
17 reduced 18 efficiency
18 efficiency 19 of
18 efficiency 23 adenosylmethionine
19 of 21 s
22 - 23 adenosylmethionine
23 adenosylmethionine 25 adomet
23 adenosylmethionine 26 )
24 ( 25 adomet
25 adomet 26 )
27 - 34 instability
28 dependent 33 protein
29 repair 32 increased
30 system 32 increased
31 causing 32 increased
32 increased 33 protein
33 protein 34 instability
34 instability 35 at
35 at 37 sites
36 asn 37 sites

the increase of abnormal residues represents a new protein alteration that may be present [not] only in red blood cells but also in other cell types of patients suffering from als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 of
2 increase 6 represents
3 of 5 residues
4 abnormal 5 residues
6 represents 10 alteration
7 a 8 new
7 a 10 alteration
8 new 10 alteration
9 protein 10 alteration
10 alteration 11 that
10 alteration 14 present
11 that 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 present
14 present 16 only
14 present 21 but
17 in 20 cells
17 in 21 but
18 red 19 blood
19 blood 20 cells
21 but 22 also
21 but 23 in
23 in 26 types
24 other 26 types
25 cell 26 types
26 types 27 of
27 of 28 patients
28 patients 29 suffering
29 suffering 30 from
30 from 31 als

background : with increasing age , physical capacity decreases , while the need [and] time for recovery increases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 with
2 : 11 while
3 with 4 increasing
4 increasing 5 age
5 age 9 decreases
6 , 9 decreases
7 physical 8 capacity
8 capacity 9 decreases
9 decreases 10 ,
11 while 15 time
11 while 18 increases
12 the 15 time
13 need 15 time
15 time 16 for
15 time 18 increases
16 for 17 recovery

at the same time , the demands of work usually do not change with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 7 demands
2 the 3 same
3 same 4 time
6 the 7 demands
7 demands 8 of
7 demands 11 do
8 of 9 work
10 usually 11 do
11 do 12 not
11 do 13 change
13 change 14 with
14 with 15 age

in the near future , an aging [and] physically changing workforce risks reduced work ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 workforce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 risks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 4 future
1 in 5 ,
1 in 11 workforce
2 the 4 future
3 near 4 future
6 an 11 workforce
7 aging 11 workforce
9 physically 10 changing
10 changing 11 workforce
11 workforce 12 risks
12 risks 15 ability
13 reduced 14 work
14 work 15 ability

therefore , the impact of different factors , such as physical activity , on work ability is of interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 impact
3 the 4 impact
4 impact 5 of
4 impact 14 on
4 impact 17 is
5 of 7 factors
6 different 7 factors
7 factors 10 as
8 , 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 12 activity
10 as 13 ,
11 physical 12 activity
14 on 16 ability
15 work 16 ability
17 is 18 of
18 of 19 interest

thus , the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity and work ability using both cross sectional and prospective analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 16 and
10 evaluate 21 cross
11 the 12 association
12 association 13 between
12 association 16 and
13 between 15 activity
14 physical 15 activity
16 and 18 ability
16 and 19 using
16 and 21 cross
17 work 18 ability
19 using 20 both
21 cross 25 analyses
22 sectional 23 and
23 and 24 prospective
23 and 25 analyses

methods : this study was based on an extensive questionnaire survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 based
2 : 12 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 based
6 based 7 on
7 on 11 survey
8 an 9 extensive
8 an 11 survey
9 extensive 10 questionnaire
10 questionnaire 11 survey

the number of participants included in the analysis at baseline in 2004 was 2.783 , of whom 2.597 were also included in [the] follow - up in 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 13 was
3 of 4 participants
4 participants 5 included
5 included 6 in
5 included 9 at
5 included 11 in
6 in 8 analysis
7 the 8 analysis
9 at 10 baseline
11 in 12 2004
13 was 14 2.783
15 , 24 follow
16 of 17 whom
16 of 24 follow
17 whom 18 2.597
17 whom 22 in
18 2.597 19 were
19 were 21 included
20 also 21 included
21 included 22 in
24 follow 26 up
25 - 26 up
26 up 27 in
26 up 29 .
27 in 28 2006

the primary outcome measure was the work ability index ( wai ) , and the level of physical activity was measured using a single - item question . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 measure
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 measure
4 measure 5 was
5 was 11 wai
6 the 11 wai
7 work 8 ability
8 ability 9 index
9 index 11 wai
10 ( 11 wai
11 wai 12 )
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 level
14 and 20 was
15 the 16 level
16 level 17 of
16 level 20 was
17 of 19 activity
18 physical 19 activity
20 was 21 measured
21 measured 22 using
22 using 27 question
23 a 24 single
23 a 27 question
24 single 25 -
24 single 26 item
26 item 27 question

in the cross - sectional analysis [we] calculated the level of physical activity and the prevalence of poor or moderate work ability as reported by the participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 cross
1 in 4 -
1 in 6 analysis
2 the 3 cross
5 sectional 6 analysis
6 analysis 8 calculated
8 calculated 14 and
8 calculated 25 by
9 the 10 level
10 level 11 of
10 level 14 and
11 of 13 activity
12 physical 13 activity
14 and 16 prevalence
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 prevalence
17 of 22 ability
18 poor 19 or
19 or 20 moderate
19 or 22 ability
21 work 22 ability
22 ability 24 reported
23 as 24 reported
25 by 27 participants
26 the 27 participants

in the prospective analysis we calculated different levels of physical activity and the prevalence of positive changes in wai - [category] from baseline to follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 5 we
2 the 4 analysis
3 prospective 4 analysis
5 we 6 calculated
6 calculated 8 levels
6 calculated 18 in
6 calculated 27 up
7 different 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
8 levels 15 of
9 of 12 and
10 physical 11 activity
11 activity 12 and
12 and 14 prevalence
13 the 14 prevalence
15 of 17 changes
16 positive 17 changes
18 in 19 wai
19 wai 22 from
20 - 22 from
22 from 23 baseline
22 from 26 -
23 baseline 24 to
23 baseline 25 follow
24 to 25 follow

in both the cross sectional and the prospective analyses the prevalence ratio was calculated using generalized linear models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 both
1 in 12 ratio
2 both 3 the
2 both 9 analyses
3 the 9 analyses
4 cross 9 analyses
5 sectional 6 and
6 and 8 prospective
6 and 9 analyses
7 the 8 prospective
10 the 12 ratio
11 prevalence 12 ratio
12 ratio 13 was
13 was 14 calculated
14 calculated 15 using
15 using 18 models
16 generalized 17 linear
17 linear 18 models

results : the cross - sectional analysis showed that with an increased level of physical activity , the reporting of poor or moderate work ability decreased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 the 4 cross
5 - 7 analysis
5 - 8 showed
5 - 17 ,
6 sectional 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 showed
8 showed 9 that
8 showed 10 with
10 with 13 level
11 an 13 level
12 increased 13 level
13 level 14 of
14 of 16 activity
15 physical 16 activity
17 , 19 reporting
17 , 26 decreased
18 the 19 reporting
19 reporting 20 of
19 reporting 26 decreased
20 of 25 ability
21 poor 22 or
22 or 23 moderate
22 or 24 work
24 work 25 ability

in the prospective analysis , participants reporting a higher level of physical activity were more likely to have made an improvement in wai from 2004 to 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 participants
2 the 4 analysis
3 prospective 4 analysis
6 participants 7 reporting
6 participants 14 were
7 reporting 10 level
8 a 10 level
9 higher 10 level
10 level 11 of
11 of 13 activity
12 physical 13 activity
14 were 16 likely
15 more 16 likely
16 likely 17 to
16 likely 26 to
17 to 18 have
18 have 19 made
19 made 21 improvement
19 made 22 in
20 an 21 improvement
22 in 23 wai
24 from 26 to
25 2004 26 to
26 to 27 2006

conclusions : the level of physical activity seems to be related to work ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 level
2 : 8 seems
2 : 15 .
3 the 4 level
4 level 5 of
4 level 8 seems
5 of 7 activity
6 physical 7 activity
8 seems 9 to
8 seems 11 related
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 related
11 related 12 to
12 to 13 work
13 work 14 ability

assessment of physical activity may also be useful as a predictive tool , potentially making it possible to prevent poor work ability and improve future work ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
1 assessment 2 of
1 assessment 5 may
2 of 4 activity
3 physical 4 activity
5 may 7 be
6 also 7 be
7 be 8 useful
8 useful 9 as
8 useful 15 making
9 as 12 tool
10 a 11 predictive
10 a 12 tool
11 predictive 12 tool
13 , 15 making
14 potentially 15 making
15 making 16 it
15 making 17 possible
15 making 28 .
17 possible 18 to
17 possible 23 and
18 to 23 and
19 prevent 22 ability
19 prevent 23 and
20 poor 21 work
21 work 22 ability
23 and 24 improve
23 and 27 ability
24 improve 26 work
25 future 26 work

for employers , the main implications of this study are the importance of promoting [and] facilitating the employees ' engagement in physical activity , and the importance of the employees ' maintaining a physically active lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 for 2 employers
1 for 3 ,
1 for 6 implications
4 the 5 main
4 the 6 implications
6 implications 7 of
6 implications 10 are
7 of 9 study
8 this 9 study
10 are 12 importance
11 the 12 importance
12 importance 13 of
12 importance 28 of
13 of 14 promoting
14 promoting 16 facilitating
16 facilitating 20 engagement
16 facilitating 21 in
17 the 18 employees
18 employees 19 '
19 ' 20 engagement
21 in 25 and
22 physical 23 activity
23 activity 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 importance
26 the 27 importance
28 of 32 maintaining
29 the 30 employees
30 employees 31 '
31 ' 32 maintaining
32 maintaining 36 lifestyle
33 a 36 lifestyle
34 physically 35 active
35 active 36 lifestyle

the relationship of higher order problem solving to basic neuropsychological processes likely depends on the type of problems to be solved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 depends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 of
2 relationship 13 depends
3 of 7 solving
4 higher 5 order
5 order 6 problem
6 problem 7 solving
7 solving 8 to
8 to 11 processes
9 basic 11 processes
10 neuropsychological 11 processes
12 likely 13 depends
13 depends 14 on
13 depends 19 to
14 on 18 problems
15 the 16 type
16 type 17 of
16 type 18 problems
17 of 18 problems
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 solved

well - defined problems ( e.g [.] , completing a series of errands ) may rely primarily on executive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 well
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 rely
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 well 4 problems
1 well 9 completing
1 well 15 may
2 - 4 problems
3 defined 4 problems
4 problems 6 e.g
4 problems 8 ,
5 ( 6 e.g
6 e.g 8 ,
8 , 9 completing
9 completing 11 series
9 completing 14 )
10 a 11 series
11 series 12 of
12 of 13 errands
15 may 16 rely
16 rely 17 primarily
17 primarily 18 on
18 on 20 functions
19 executive 20 functions

conversely , ill - defined problems ( e.g [.] , navigating socially awkward situations ) may , in addition , rely on medial temporal [lobe] ( mtl ) mediated episodic memory processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ill
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 may
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 3 ill
3 ill 6 problems
3 ill 11 navigating
3 ill 16 may
4 - 6 problems
5 defined 6 problems
6 problems 8 e.g
6 problems 10 ,
7 ( 8 e.g
8 e.g 10 ,
10 , 11 navigating
11 navigating 14 situations
11 navigating 15 )
12 socially 13 awkward
13 awkward 14 situations
17 , 21 rely
18 in 19 addition
18 in 20 ,
18 in 21 rely
21 rely 22 on
22 on 32 processes
23 medial 31 memory
24 temporal 27 mtl
24 temporal 31 memory
26 ( 27 mtl
27 mtl 28 )
29 mediated 31 memory
30 episodic 31 memory
31 memory 32 processes

correlation analyses and age group comparisons demonstrated differential contributions of executive and autobiographical episodic memory function to well - [defined] and ill - defined problem solving and evidence for an episodic simulation mechanism underlying ill - defined problem solving efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 correlation 2 analyses
3 and 6 comparisons
3 and 7 demonstrated
4 age 6 comparisons
5 group 6 comparisons
6 comparisons 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 12 and
7 demonstrated 16 function
8 differential 9 contributions
9 contributions 10 of
9 contributions 12 and
10 of 11 executive
12 and 15 memory
12 and 16 function
13 autobiographical 15 memory
14 episodic 15 memory
16 function 17 to
16 function 29 for
17 to 27 and
18 well 21 and
19 - 21 and
21 and 26 solving
21 and 27 and
22 ill 23 -
22 ill 26 solving
24 defined 25 problem
25 problem 26 solving
27 and 28 evidence
29 for 33 mechanism
30 an 33 mechanism
31 episodic 33 mechanism
32 simulation 33 mechanism
33 mechanism 34 underlying
34 underlying 40 efficacy
35 ill 36 -
35 ill 40 efficacy
37 defined 38 problem
38 problem 40 efficacy
39 solving 40 efficacy

findings are consistent with the emerging idea that mtl - mediated episodic simulation processes support the effective solution of ill - defined problems , over and above the contribution of frontally mediated executive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 findings 2 are
2 are 3 consistent
3 consistent 4 with
4 with 7 idea
4 with 9 mtl
5 the 7 idea
6 emerging 7 idea
8 that 9 mtl
10 - 13 simulation
10 - 26 and
11 mediated 13 simulation
12 episodic 13 simulation
13 simulation 14 processes
13 simulation 25 over
14 processes 15 support
15 support 18 solution
15 support 25 over
16 the 18 solution
17 effective 18 solution
18 solution 19 of
19 of 20 ill
20 ill 23 problems
21 - 23 problems
22 defined 23 problems
23 problems 24 ,
26 and 29 contribution
26 and 34 functions
27 above 29 contribution
28 the 29 contribution
29 contribution 30 of
29 contribution 34 functions
30 of 33 executive
31 frontally 32 mediated
32 mediated 33 executive

implications for the development of intervention strategies that target preservation of functional independence in older adults are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 17 are
2 for 4 development
3 the 4 development
4 development 5 of
5 of 7 strategies
6 intervention 7 strategies
7 strategies 8 that
7 strategies 9 target
8 that 9 target
9 target 10 preservation
9 target 14 in
10 preservation 11 of
11 of 13 independence
12 functional 13 independence
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 are 18 discussed

objectives : the primary purposes of the present study were ( 1 ) to assess the living arrangements among urban chinese elders [,] ( 2 ) to examine the relationship between household living arrangement and elders ' mental health , [and] ( [3] [ )(to investigate [how] individuals ' neighborhood identity affects their mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 5 purposes
2 : 14 to
3 the 5 purposes
4 primary 5 purposes
5 purposes 6 of
6 of 8 present
7 the 8 present
8 present 9 study
8 present 10 were
8 present 12 1
9 study 10 were
11 ( 12 1
12 1 13 )
14 to 15 assess
15 assess 18 arrangements
15 assess 19 among
15 assess 27 to
16 the 18 arrangements
17 living 18 arrangements
19 among 22 elders
20 urban 22 elders
21 chinese 22 elders
22 elders 25 2
24 ( 25 2
25 2 26 )
27 to 28 examine
28 examine 30 relationship
28 examine 31 between
29 the 30 relationship
31 between 35 and
32 household 33 living
33 living 34 arrangement
34 arrangement 35 and
35 and 39 health
35 and 40 ,
35 and 45 )(to
36 elders 37 '
37 ' 39 health
38 mental 39 health
42 ( 45 )(to
45 )(to 46 investigate
45 )(to 56 .
46 investigate 50 neighborhood
48 individuals 49 '
49 ' 50 neighborhood
50 neighborhood 51 identity
50 neighborhood 52 affects
51 identity 52 affects
52 affects 55 health
53 their 55 health
54 mental 55 health

method : the random sample was collected in 2011 , including 939 respondents aged 60 [and] above who lived in the jing'an district of shanghai , china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 sample
2 : 6 was
2 : 26 ,
2 : 28 .
3 the 5 sample
4 random 5 sample
5 sample 6 was
6 was 7 collected
7 collected 8 in
8 in 9 2011
9 2011 11 including
10 , 11 including
11 including 13 respondents
11 including 26 ,
12 939 13 respondents
13 respondents 14 aged
13 respondents 17 above
13 respondents 18 who
13 respondents 19 lived
14 aged 15 60
18 who 19 lived
19 lived 20 in
20 in 23 district
21 the 23 district
22 jing'an 23 district
23 district 24 of
24 of 25 shanghai
26 , 27 china

the study examined well - being and depression of elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 4 well
5 - 7 and
5 - 11 .
6 being 7 and
7 and 8 depression
7 and 9 of
9 of 10 elders

the domestic living arrangements were assessed by a single item with five options : ['] with [whom] are you living together ? ['] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 arrangements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ?
1 the 4 arrangements
2 domestic 4 arrangements
3 living 4 arrangements
4 arrangements 5 were
5 were 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 by
6 assessed 11 with
7 by 10 item
8 a 9 single
8 a 10 item
9 single 10 item
11 with 13 options
12 five 13 options
14 : 16 with
14 : 18 are
16 with 18 are
18 are 19 you
18 are 20 living
20 living 21 together

the neighborhood identity was measured by four items : the sense of belonging , the sense of pride , volunteer work , and monetary donation for the neighborhood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 identity
2 neighborhood 3 identity
3 identity 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 by
6 by 8 items
7 four 8 items
9 : 11 sense
9 : 14 ,
10 the 11 sense
11 sense 12 of
12 of 13 belonging
14 , 23 and
15 the 16 sense
16 sense 17 of
16 sense 19 ,
17 of 18 pride
19 , 21 work
19 , 23 and
20 volunteer 21 work
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 donation
24 monetary 25 donation
25 donation 26 for
26 for 28 neighborhood
27 the 28 neighborhood

results : urban chinese elders ' living arrangement had transited from a traditional intergenerational co - residence pattern to a [more] self - independent style . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 living
3 urban 5 elders
4 chinese 5 elders
5 elders 6 '
6 ' 7 living
7 living 8 arrangement
7 living 10 transited
8 arrangement 9 had
9 had 10 transited
10 transited 11 from
10 transited 19 to
11 from 18 pattern
12 a 13 traditional
12 a 18 pattern
13 traditional 17 residence
14 intergenerational 17 residence
15 co 16 -
15 co 17 residence
17 residence 18 pattern
19 to 22 self
20 a 22 self
22 self 25 style
23 - 25 style
24 independent 25 style
25 style 26 .

however , living with children was positively associated with elders ' mental health after controlling for demographic variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 living
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 living
3 living 4 with
3 living 6 was
4 with 5 children
6 was 7 positively
6 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 14 after
9 with 13 health
10 elders 11 '
11 ' 13 health
12 mental 13 health
14 after 15 controlling
15 controlling 16 for
16 for 18 variables
17 demographic 18 variables

although the neighborhood identity had no interaction with living arrangement , it also contributed to elders ' mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 although 4 identity
1 although 5 had
1 although 11 ,
1 although 12 it
2 the 4 identity
3 neighborhood 4 identity
4 identity 5 had
5 had 7 interaction
5 had 8 with
6 no 7 interaction
8 with 10 arrangement
9 living 10 arrangement
12 it 14 contributed
13 also 14 contributed
14 contributed 15 to
15 to 19 health
16 elders 17 '
17 ' 19 health
18 mental 19 health

conclusion : the study highlighted the importance of living with children and spouse , the sense of belonging , volunteer work , and the feelings of pride on elders ' mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 highlighted
2 : 33 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 highlighted
5 highlighted 7 importance
5 highlighted 10 with
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
8 of 9 living
10 with 23 and
11 children 12 and
12 and 13 spouse
12 and 16 sense
12 and 21 work
12 and 23 and
14 , 16 sense
15 the 16 sense
16 sense 17 of
16 sense 19 ,
17 of 18 belonging
19 , 21 work
20 volunteer 21 work
21 work 22 ,
23 and 25 feelings
23 and 26 of
23 and 28 on
24 the 25 feelings
26 of 27 pride
28 on 32 health
29 elders 30 '
30 ' 32 health
31 mental 32 health

results of the current study suggested implications for both government and [non] [-] governmental organizations to design family - based support for eldercare and improve neighborhood identity for elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 6 suggested
2 of 5 study
3 the 5 study
4 current 5 study
6 suggested 7 implications
6 suggested 8 for
6 suggested 16 to
8 for 11 and
9 both 11 and
10 government 11 and
11 and 15 organizations
14 governmental 15 organizations
16 to 17 design
17 design 18 family
19 - 24 and
20 based 21 support
20 based 24 and
21 support 22 for
22 for 23 eldercare
24 and 25 improve
25 improve 27 identity
26 neighborhood 27 identity
27 identity 28 for
28 for 29 elders

objective : calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are two dietary interventions that can improve aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 8 are
2 : 16 .
3 calorie 4 restriction
4 restriction 5 and
5 and 6 intermittent
5 and 7 fasting
5 and 8 are
8 are 11 interventions
9 two 11 interventions
10 dietary 11 interventions
11 interventions 12 that
11 interventions 13 can
11 interventions 15 aging
12 that 13 can
13 can 14 improve

religious fasting also suggested [having] similar benefit ; however , such studies are still scarce . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 religious 7 benefit
2 fasting 7 benefit
3 also 4 suggested
4 suggested 7 benefit
6 similar 7 benefit
8 ; 12 studies
8 ; 13 are
9 however 10 ,
9 however 12 studies
11 such 12 studies
12 studies 13 are
13 are 14 still
13 are 15 scarce
14 still 15 scarce

thus , this study aimed to determine the effect [of] fasting calorie restriction ( fcr ) on metabolic parameters and dna damage among healthy older adult men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
5 aimed 7 determine
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 13 restriction
7 determine 17 on
7 determine 23 among
8 the 13 restriction
9 effect 11 fasting
11 fasting 12 calorie
12 calorie 13 restriction
13 restriction 15 fcr
14 ( 15 fcr
15 fcr 16 )
17 on 20 and
18 metabolic 19 parameters
19 parameters 20 and
20 and 22 damage
21 dna 22 damage
23 among 27 men
24 healthy 26 adult
25 older 26 adult
26 adult 27 men

methods : a randomized controlled study was done on men , aged 50 - 70 years in klang valley , malaysia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 study
2 : 11 ,
3 a 6 study
4 randomized 6 study
5 controlled 6 study
6 study 11 ,
7 was 8 done
7 was 11 ,
8 done 9 on
9 on 10 men
11 , 12 aged
11 , 17 in
12 aged 16 years
13 50 14 -
14 - 15 70
14 - 16 years
17 in 19 valley
18 klang 19 valley
19 valley 21 malaysia
20 , 21 malaysia
21 malaysia 22 .

subjects were divided into two groups ; fcr ( reduction of 300 - 500 kcal / d combined with 2 [days] / week of muslim sunnah fasting ) and control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
4 into 6 groups
5 two 6 groups
7 ; 29 and
8 fcr 10 reduction
8 fcr 29 and
9 ( 10 reduction
10 reduction 11 of
10 reduction 18 combined
10 reduction 28 )
11 of 17 d
12 300 13 -
13 - 14 500
13 - 17 d
14 500 15 kcal
15 kcal 16 /
18 combined 19 with
19 with 23 week
20 2 23 week
22 / 23 week
23 week 24 of
24 of 27 fasting
25 muslim 27 fasting
26 sunnah 27 fasting
29 and 30 control

assessment was ascertained at three time point [;] baseline , weeks 6 and 12 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ascertained
1 assessment 2 was
2 was 3 ascertained
3 ascertained 4 at
4 at 9 baseline
5 three 9 baseline
6 time 9 baseline
7 point 9 baseline
9 baseline 11 weeks
10 , 11 weeks
11 weeks 13 and
11 weeks 15 .
12 6 13 and
13 and 14 12

blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile , dna damage and malondialdehyde ( mda ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 blood 2 samples
2 samples 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 for
5 for 11 and
6 lipid 7 profile
7 profile 8 ,
8 , 10 damage
8 , 11 and
9 dna 10 damage
11 and 12 malondialdehyde
11 and 14 mda
13 ( 14 mda
14 mda 15 )

results : the fcr group reduced their energy intake for approximately 18 % upon completion of the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 reduced
2 : 19 .
3 the 5 group
4 fcr 5 group
5 group 6 reduced
6 reduced 9 intake
6 reduced 14 upon
7 their 9 intake
8 energy 9 intake
9 intake 10 for
10 for 13 %
11 approximately 12 18
12 18 13 %
14 upon 15 completion
15 completion 16 of
16 of 18 study
17 the 18 study

a significant interaction effect was found in body weight , body mass index , fat percentage , fat mass , blood pressure , total cholesterol , low - density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 9 weight
2 significant 3 interaction
3 interaction 4 effect
4 effect 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 in
8 body 9 weight
9 weight 10 ,
10 , 13 index
10 , 14 ,
11 body 12 mass
12 mass 13 index
14 , 16 percentage
14 , 17 ,
15 fat 16 percentage
17 , 19 mass
17 , 20 ,
18 fat 19 mass
20 , 22 pressure
20 , 23 ,
21 blood 22 pressure
23 , 25 cholesterol
23 , 26 ,
24 total 25 cholesterol
26 , 31 cholesterol
26 , 32 and
27 low 28 -
27 low 29 density
29 density 31 cholesterol
30 lipoprotein 31 cholesterol
32 and 34 ratio
32 and 35 of
32 and 41 cholesterol
33 the 34 ratio
35 of 37 cholesterol/high
36 total 37 cholesterol/high
38 - 41 cholesterol
39 density 41 cholesterol
40 lipoprotein 41 cholesterol
41 cholesterol 44 <
41 cholesterol 46 )
42 ( 44 <
43 p 44 <
44 < 45 0.05
44 < 46 )

a significant [improvement] ( p < 0.001 ) in total dna rejoining cells and mda ( p < 0.05 ) was also observed in the fcr group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 9 in
2 significant 6 <
2 significant 9 in
4 ( 6 <
5 p 6 <
6 < 7 0.001
6 < 8 )
9 in 10 total
10 total 11 dna
11 dna 12 rejoining
12 rejoining 13 cells
14 and 15 mda
14 and 23 observed
15 mda 18 <
15 mda 21 was
16 ( 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.05
18 < 20 )
21 was 23 observed
22 also 23 observed
23 observed 24 in
24 in 27 group
25 the 27 group
26 fcr 27 group

conclusion : fcr improved metabolic parameters and dna damage in healthy older adult men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 fcr
3 fcr 4 improved
3 fcr 7 and
3 fcr 9 damage
4 improved 5 metabolic
6 parameters 7 and
7 and 8 dna
7 and 9 damage
9 damage 10 in
10 in 14 men
11 healthy 13 adult
12 older 13 adult
13 adult 14 men

therefore , there is a need to further examine the mechanism of fcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 need
5 a 6 need
6 need 7 to
6 need 9 examine
7 to 9 examine
8 further 9 examine
9 examine 11 mechanism
10 the 11 mechanism
11 mechanism 12 of
12 of 13 fcr

[none] fungi are major causes of infections among immunocompromised or hospitalized patients with serious underlying diseases and comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fungi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 fungi 3 are
3 are 5 causes
3 are 8 among
3 are 13 with
4 major 5 causes
5 causes 6 of
6 of 7 infections
8 among 10 or
9 immunocompromised 10 or
10 or 11 hospitalized
11 hospitalized 12 patients
13 with 17 and
14 serious 15 underlying
14 serious 17 and
15 underlying 16 diseases
17 and 18 comorbidities

candida species remain the most important cause of opportunistic infections worldwide , affecting [predominantly] patients over 65 years old , while they are considered to be the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 species
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 candida 2 species
2 species 3 remain
3 remain 7 cause
4 the 7 cause
5 most 6 important
6 important 7 cause
7 cause 8 of
7 cause 11 worldwide
8 of 10 infections
9 opportunistic 10 infections
11 worldwide 13 affecting
11 worldwide 21 while
11 worldwide 25 to
12 , 13 affecting
13 affecting 15 patients
13 affecting 16 over
13 affecting 20 ,
16 over 17 65
17 65 19 old
18 years 19 old
21 while 22 they
21 while 24 considered
22 they 23 are
23 are 24 considered
25 to 26 be
26 be 31 cause
27 the 31 cause
28 fourth 31 cause
29 most 30 common
30 common 31 cause
31 cause 32 of
32 of 35 infections
33 nosocomial 35 infections
34 bloodstream 35 infections

the rapidly growing elderly population has specific physiological characteristics , which makes it susceptible to colonization and subsequent infection due to candida species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 5 population
2 rapidly 3 growing
3 growing 5 population
4 elderly 5 population
5 population 6 has
6 has 9 characteristics
7 specific 9 characteristics
8 physiological 9 characteristics
10 , 11 which
10 , 12 makes
11 which 12 makes
12 makes 13 it
13 it 14 susceptible
14 susceptible 15 to
14 susceptible 21 to
15 to 17 and
16 colonization 17 and
17 and 19 infection
18 subsequent 19 infection
20 due 21 to
21 to 23 species
22 candida 23 species

comorbidities and multidrug use should be taken into account any time the therapeutic regimen is under consideration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 comorbidities 2 and
2 and 4 use
2 and 5 should
3 multidrug 4 use
5 should 6 be
6 be 7 taken
7 taken 9 account
7 taken 11 time
8 into 9 account
10 any 11 time
11 time 14 regimen
11 time 15 is
12 the 14 regimen
13 therapeutic 14 regimen
14 regimen 15 is
15 is 16 under
16 under 17 consideration

different classes of antifungal drugs are available for the treatment of invasive fungal infections but echinocandins , apart from their activity against resistant strains ( candida glabrata and candida krusei ) , seem to be safe , with limited adverse events and minimal drug - drug interactions in comparison to the other regimens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 classes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
1 different 2 classes
2 classes 3 of
2 classes 6 are
3 of 5 drugs
4 antifungal 5 drugs
6 are 7 available
7 available 8 for
8 for 10 treatment
9 the 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 of
11 of 14 infections
12 invasive 14 infections
13 fungal 14 infections
15 but 16 echinocandins
15 but 33 seem
16 echinocandins 33 seem
17 , 19 from
18 apart 19 from
19 from 21 activity
19 from 32 ,
19 from 33 seem
20 their 21 activity
21 activity 22 against
21 activity 28 and
22 against 24 strains
23 resistant 24 strains
25 ( 28 and
26 candida 27 glabrata
27 glabrata 28 and
28 and 30 krusei
28 and 31 )
29 candida 30 krusei
33 seem 34 to
33 seem 35 be
34 to 35 be
35 be 36 safe
36 safe 38 with
37 , 38 with
38 with 42 and
38 with 54 .
39 limited 41 events
40 adverse 41 events
41 events 42 and
42 and 44 drug
42 and 47 interactions
43 minimal 44 drug
45 - 47 interactions
46 drug 47 interactions
47 interactions 48 in
47 interactions 54 .
48 in 49 comparison
49 comparison 50 to
50 to 53 regimens
51 the 52 other
52 other 53 regimens

therefore , these agents are strongly recommended when dealing with elderly patients suffering from an invasive form of candida infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 agents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 agents
3 these 4 agents
4 agents 5 are
5 are 7 recommended
6 strongly 7 recommended
7 recommended 8 when
8 when 9 dealing
9 dealing 10 with
10 with 12 patients
11 elderly 12 patients
12 patients 13 suffering
13 suffering 14 from
14 from 17 form
15 an 16 invasive
15 an 17 form
16 invasive 17 form
17 form 18 of
18 of 20 infection
19 candida 20 infection

oxidative stress , an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidative defense activity , is believed to have a role in the development and pathogenesis of nasal polyps ( nps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 11 and
2 stress 16 is
3 , 11 and
4 an 5 imbalance
5 imbalance 6 between
5 imbalance 11 and
6 between 10 production
7 reactive 8 oxygen
8 oxygen 9 species
9 species 10 production
11 and 14 activity
11 and 15 ,
12 antioxidative 13 defense
13 defense 14 activity
16 is 17 believed
17 believed 18 to
17 believed 19 have
18 to 19 have
19 have 21 role
20 a 21 role
21 role 22 in
21 role 27 of
21 role 31 nps
22 in 25 and
23 the 24 development
24 development 25 and
25 and 26 pathogenesis
27 of 29 polyps
28 nasal 29 polyps
30 ( 31 nps
31 nps 32 )

based on this assumption , several known oxidants and antioxidants have been studied in patients with nps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 9 and
2 on 4 assumption
3 this 4 assumption
6 several 8 oxidants
7 known 8 oxidants
8 oxidants 9 and
9 and 10 antioxidants
9 and 11 have
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 studied
13 studied 14 in
13 studied 16 with
14 in 15 patients
16 with 17 nps

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between oxidative stress parameters with [a] more valid and reliable method in patients with nps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 association
8 evaluate 15 with
8 evaluate 22 in
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 between
11 between 14 parameters
12 oxidative 13 stress
13 stress 14 parameters
15 with 21 method
17 more 21 method
18 valid 19 and
19 and 20 reliable
19 and 21 method
22 in 23 patients
23 patients 24 with
24 with 25 nps

seventy - three patients with nps , septal deviations and middle concha hypertrophies were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 seventy 2 -
2 - 3 three
2 - 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 14 were
5 with 10 and
6 nps 7 ,
7 , 9 deviations
7 , 10 and
8 septal 9 deviations
10 and 11 middle
10 and 12 concha
10 and 13 hypertrophies
12 concha 13 hypertrophies
14 were 15 recruited

patients were divided into two groups ; group 1 ( n = 38 ) consisted of patients with nps , and group 2 ( n = 35 ) included patients with septal deviations and middle concha hypertrophies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
4 into 6 groups
5 two 6 groups
7 ; 8 group
7 ; 15 consisted
7 ; 21 and
8 group 9 1
8 group 12 =
8 group 15 consisted
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 38
12 = 14 )
15 consisted 16 of
16 of 17 patients
17 patients 18 with
18 with 19 nps
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 group
21 and 29 included
22 group 23 2
22 group 26 =
22 group 29 included
24 ( 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 35
26 = 28 )
29 included 30 patients
29 included 31 with
31 with 34 and
32 septal 33 deviations
33 deviations 34 and
34 and 35 middle
34 and 36 concha
34 and 37 hypertrophies
36 concha 37 hypertrophies

polyp specimens were taken from all patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for nps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 polyp 2 specimens
2 specimens 3 were
3 were 4 taken
4 taken 5 from
5 from 7 patients
6 all 7 patients
7 patients 8 who
7 patients 9 underwent
8 who 9 underwent
9 underwent 11 surgery
10 endoscopic 11 surgery
11 surgery 12 for
12 for 13 nps

control specimens were obtained from patients who underwent an operation for septoplasty or middle concha hypertrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 hypertrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 control 2 specimens
2 specimens 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 from
4 obtained 11 for
5 from 6 patients
6 patients 7 who
6 patients 8 underwent
7 who 8 underwent
8 underwent 10 operation
9 an 10 operation
11 for 13 or
12 septoplasty 13 or
13 or 15 concha
13 or 16 hypertrophy
14 middle 15 concha

blood and tissue samples were obtained to assess total oxidant status ( tos ) , total antioxidant status ( tas ) and oxidative stress index ( osi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 blood 2 and
2 and 3 tissue
2 and 4 samples
2 and 15 ,
2 and 22 and
4 samples 5 were
5 were 6 obtained
6 obtained 7 to
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 15 ,
9 total 11 status
9 total 15 ,
10 oxidant 11 status
11 status 13 tos
12 ( 13 tos
13 tos 14 )
15 , 16 total
16 total 18 status
17 antioxidant 18 status
18 status 20 tas
19 ( 20 tas
20 tas 21 )
22 and 25 index
22 and 27 osi
23 oxidative 24 stress
24 stress 25 index
26 ( 27 osi
27 osi 28 )

compared to group 2 , group 1 had significantly higher tos and osi and lower tas levels both in serum and tissue samples ( p < 0.001 for all [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 )(
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 6 group
2 to 3 group
3 group 4 2
6 group 7 1
6 group 8 had
8 had 11 tos
9 significantly 10 higher
10 higher 11 tos
12 and 16 tas
12 and 17 levels
13 osi 14 and
14 and 15 lower
14 and 16 tas
16 tas 17 levels
17 levels 18 both
17 levels 19 in
17 levels 26 <
17 levels 28 for
19 in 21 and
20 serum 21 and
21 and 23 samples
22 tissue 23 samples
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.001
28 for 29 all

in group 1 , serum osi levels were significantly correlated with age ( r = 0.442 , p = 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 group
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 levels
2 group 3 1
5 serum 7 levels
6 osi 7 levels
7 levels 8 were
8 were 10 correlated
9 significantly 10 correlated
10 correlated 11 with
11 with 12 age
12 age 15 =
12 age 19 =
13 ( 15 =
14 r 15 =
15 = 16 0.442
15 = 17 ,
17 , 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.005
19 = 21 )

our study demonstrated that oxidative stress , both in serum and tissues in patients with nps , was higher than in patients without nps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 6 stress
3 demonstrated 18 was
4 that 5 oxidative
5 oxidative 6 stress
6 stress 8 both
6 stress 18 was
7 , 8 both
8 both 9 in
8 both 17 ,
9 in 11 and
10 serum 11 and
11 and 12 tissues
11 and 13 in
13 in 14 patients
14 patients 15 with
15 with 16 nps
18 was 19 higher
19 higher 20 than
19 higher 23 without
20 than 21 in
21 in 22 patients
23 without 24 nps

our study differs from previous studies in that we used a more reliable method that measures both tos and tas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 differs
3 differs 4 from
3 differs 8 that
4 from 6 studies
5 previous 6 studies
7 in 8 that
8 that 9 we
8 that 10 used
9 we 10 used
10 used 14 method
11 a 14 method
12 more 13 reliable
13 reliable 14 method
14 method 15 that
14 method 16 measures
15 that 16 measures
16 measures 19 and
17 both 19 and
18 tos 19 and
19 and 20 tas

background : the importance of chronic inflammation as a determinant of aging [phenotypes] may have been underestimated in previous studies that used a single measurement of inflammatory markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 importance
3 the 4 importance
4 importance 5 of
4 importance 18 in
5 of 7 inflammation
6 chronic 7 inflammation
7 inflammation 17 underestimated
8 as 10 determinant
8 as 17 underestimated
9 a 10 determinant
10 determinant 11 of
10 determinant 14 may
11 of 12 aging
14 may 15 have
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 underestimated
18 in 20 studies
19 previous 20 studies
20 studies 21 that
20 studies 22 used
21 that 22 used
22 used 25 measurement
23 a 24 single
23 a 25 measurement
24 single 25 measurement
25 measurement 26 of
26 of 28 markers
27 inflammatory 28 markers

we assessed inflammatory markers twice over a 5 [-] year exposure period to examine the association between chronic inflammation and future aging phenotypes in a large population of men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 4 markers
2 assessed 5 twice
2 assessed 6 over
2 assessed 13 to
2 assessed 17 between
2 assessed 24 in
3 inflammatory 4 markers
6 over 12 period
7 a 12 period
8 5 10 year
10 year 12 period
11 exposure 12 period
13 to 14 examine
14 examine 16 association
15 the 16 association
17 between 20 and
18 chronic 19 inflammation
19 inflammation 20 and
20 and 21 future
20 and 22 aging
20 and 23 phenotypes
22 aging 23 phenotypes
24 in 30 and
25 a 26 large
25 a 27 population
26 large 27 population
27 population 28 of
27 population 30 and
28 of 29 men
30 and 31 women

interleukin [-] 6 was measured at baseline and 5 years earlier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interleukin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 interleukin 3 6
1 interleukin 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 at
6 at 8 and
7 baseline 8 and
8 and 10 years
8 and 11 earlier
9 5 10 years

cause - specific mortality , chronic disease and functioning were ascertained from hospital data , register linkage and clinical examinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ascertained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 cause 2 -
1 cause 8 and
3 specific 4 mortality
4 mortality 5 ,
5 , 7 disease
5 , 8 and
6 chronic 7 disease
8 and 9 functioning
8 and 10 were
10 were 11 ascertained
11 ascertained 12 from
12 from 18 and
13 hospital 14 data
14 data 15 ,
15 , 17 linkage
15 , 18 and
16 register 17 linkage
18 and 20 examinations
19 clinical 20 examinations

we used these data to create 4 aging phenotypes at the 10 [-] year [follow] [-] up ( 2007 - 2009 ) [:] successful aging [(] free of major chronic disease [and] with optimal physical , mental and cognitive functioning ) , incident fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease , death from noncardiovascular causes and normal aging ( all other participants ) . 
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 data
2 used 5 to
3 these 4 data
5 to 6 create
6 create 7 4
6 create 10 at
6 create 17 up
7 4 8 aging
7 4 9 phenotypes
8 aging 9 phenotypes
10 at 14 year
11 the 14 year
12 10 14 year
17 up 25 aging
18 ( 20 -
19 2007 20 -
20 - 21 2009
20 - 22 )
20 - 25 aging
24 successful 25 aging
25 aging 27 free
27 free 28 of
27 free 33 with
28 of 31 disease
29 major 31 disease
30 chronic 31 disease
33 with 43 incident
33 with 45 or
34 optimal 43 incident
35 physical 38 and
35 physical 42 ,
35 physical 43 incident
36 , 38 and
37 mental 38 and
38 and 39 cognitive
38 and 41 )
38 and 42 ,
39 cognitive 40 functioning
44 fatal 45 or
45 or 48 disease
45 or 50 death
46 nonfatal 48 disease
47 cardiovascular 48 disease
49 , 50 death
50 death 51 from
50 death 56 aging
50 death 60 participants
50 death 62 .
51 from 54 and
52 noncardiovascular 53 causes
53 causes 54 and
54 and 55 normal
57 ( 60 participants
58 all 59 other
59 other 60 participants
60 participants 61 )

results : of the 3044 participants , 721 ( 23.7 % ) met the criteria for successful aging at the 10 - [year] follow - up , 321 ( 10.6 % ) had cardiovascular disease events , 147 ( 4.8 % ) died from noncardiovascular causes , and the remaining 1855 ( 60.9 % ) were included in the normal aging phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
2 : 8 721
2 : 13 met
2 : 22 -
3 of 6 participants
3 of 7 ,
3 of 8 721
4 the 5 3044
5 3044 6 participants
8 721 11 %
8 721 13 met
9 ( 11 %
10 23.7 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 met 15 criteria
13 met 16 for
13 met 19 at
14 the 15 criteria
16 for 18 aging
17 successful 18 aging
19 at 21 10
20 the 21 10
22 - 24 follow
22 - 25 -
25 - 28 321
25 - 33 had
25 - 37 ,
26 up 27 ,
26 up 28 321
28 321 31 %
28 321 33 had
29 ( 31 %
30 10.6 31 %
31 % 32 )
33 had 36 events
34 cardiovascular 36 events
35 disease 36 events
37 , 38 147
37 , 43 died
37 , 48 and
38 147 41 %
38 147 43 died
39 ( 41 %
40 4.8 41 %
41 % 42 )
43 died 44 from
44 from 46 causes
45 noncardiovascular 46 causes
47 , 48 and
48 and 51 1855
48 and 57 included
49 the 50 remaining
49 the 51 1855
51 1855 54 %
51 1855 56 were
52 ( 54 %
53 60.9 54 %
54 % 55 )
56 were 57 included
57 included 58 in
58 in 62 phenotype
59 the 62 phenotype
60 normal 62 phenotype
61 aging 62 phenotype

[after] adjustment for potential confounders , having a high interleukin - 6 level [(] > 2.0 ng/l [ )(twice over the 5 - year exposure period nearly halved [the] odds of successful aging at the 10 [-] year follow - up [(] odds ratio [ or ] 0.53 , 95 % confidence interval [ ci ] [0.38] - 0.74 [ )( increased [the] risk of future cardiovascular events [(] or 1.64 , 95 % ci 1.15 - 2.33 [ )(and noncardiovascular death ( or 2.43 , 95 % ci 1.58 - 3.80 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confounders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 5 confounders
3 for 4 potential
5 confounders 7 having
6 , 7 having
7 having 10 interleukin
7 having 11 -
8 a 9 high
8 a 10 interleukin
9 high 10 interleukin
11 - 12 6
11 - 23 -
12 6 13 level
13 level 17 ng/l
13 level 19 )(twice
13 level 20 over
15 > 16 2.0
16 2.0 17 ng/l
20 over 22 5
21 the 22 5
23 - 30 odds
24 year 30 odds
25 exposure 30 odds
26 period 30 odds
27 nearly 28 halved
28 halved 30 odds
30 odds 31 of
30 odds 39 follow
31 of 33 aging
32 successful 33 aging
33 aging 34 at
34 at 38 year
35 the 38 year
36 10 38 year
39 follow 41 up
39 follow 48 0.53
40 - 41 up
41 up 44 ratio
41 up 47 ]
43 odds 44 ratio
44 ratio 46 or
45 [ 46 or
46 or 47 ]
48 0.53 58 -
49 , 58 -
50 95 51 %
51 % 52 confidence
52 confidence 53 interval
53 interval 55 ci
53 interval 58 -
54 [ 55 ci
55 ci 56 ]
58 - 64 risk
59 0.74 62 increased
62 increased 64 risk
64 risk 65 of
65 of 70 or
66 future 68 events
67 cardiovascular 68 events
68 events 70 or
70 or 71 1.64
70 or 82 death
72 , 82 death
73 95 82 death
74 % 82 death
75 ci 77 -
75 ci 80 )(and
76 1.15 77 -
77 - 78 2.33
80 )(and 81 noncardiovascular
80 )(and 82 death
82 death 84 or
82 death 94 .
83 ( 84 or
84 or 85 2.43
84 or 89 ci
84 or 92 3.80
84 or 94 .
86 , 89 ci
87 95 89 ci
88 % 89 ci
89 ci 90 1.58
89 ci 91 -
91 - 92 3.80
92 3.80 93 )

interpretation : chronic inflammation , [as] ascertained by repeat measurements , was associated with a range of unhealthy aging phenotypes and [a] decreased likelihood of successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 inflammation
2 : 13 associated
3 chronic 4 inflammation
4 inflammation 7 ascertained
4 inflammation 12 was
5 , 7 ascertained
7 ascertained 8 by
7 ascertained 11 ,
8 by 10 measurements
9 repeat 10 measurements
12 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 range
15 a 16 range
16 range 17 of
16 range 25 of
17 of 19 aging
18 unhealthy 19 aging
19 aging 21 and
20 phenotypes 21 and
21 and 23 decreased
23 decreased 24 likelihood
25 of 27 aging
26 successful 27 aging

our results suggest that assessing long - term chronic inflammation by repeat measurement of interleukin [-] 6 has the potential to guide clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 assessing
4 that 22 guide
5 assessing 10 inflammation
5 assessing 11 by
5 assessing 18 has
6 long 7 -
6 long 8 term
8 term 10 inflammation
9 chronic 10 inflammation
11 by 13 measurement
12 repeat 13 measurement
13 measurement 14 of
14 of 15 interleukin
15 interleukin 17 6
18 has 20 potential
18 has 21 to
19 the 20 potential
21 to 22 guide
22 guide 24 practice
23 clinical 24 practice

background : benign [prostate] [syndrome] ( bps ) is a common phenomenon in the aging male . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 bps
2 : 9 is
2 : 17 .
3 benign 7 bps
6 ( 7 bps
7 bps 8 )
7 bps 9 is
9 is 12 phenomenon
10 a 11 common
10 a 12 phenomenon
11 common 12 phenomenon
12 phenomenon 13 in
13 in 16 male
14 the 16 male
15 aging 16 male

transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) remains the international standard of care for [-] patients requiring surgical intervention for bps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 transurethral 2 resection
2 resection 3 of
2 resection 7 turp
2 resection 9 remains
3 of 5 prostate
4 the 5 prostate
6 ( 7 turp
7 turp 8 )
9 remains 12 standard
10 the 12 standard
11 international 12 standard
12 standard 13 of
12 standard 18 requiring
13 of 14 care
14 care 15 for
15 for 17 patients
18 requiring 20 intervention
19 surgical 20 intervention
20 intervention 21 for
21 for 22 bps

although the voiding improvement following turp is well - documented , controversy [exists] regarding its effect on post - operative sexual function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 3 voiding
1 although 4 improvement
2 the 3 voiding
4 improvement 5 following
4 improvement 7 is
5 following 6 turp
7 is 8 well
8 well 10 documented
8 well 12 controversy
9 - 10 documented
10 documented 11 ,
11 , 12 controversy
12 controversy 14 regarding
12 controversy 19 -
14 regarding 16 effect
14 regarding 17 on
15 its 16 effect
17 on 18 post
19 - 22 function
20 operative 22 function
21 sexual 22 function

in this study we investigated the possible influence of individual surgeons on clinical voiding parameters and post - operative sexual function after turp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 investigated
5 investigated 21 function
5 investigated 22 after
6 the 21 function
7 possible 8 influence
8 influence 9 of
8 influence 16 and
9 of 11 surgeons
10 individual 11 surgeons
11 surgeons 12 on
12 on 15 parameters
13 clinical 15 parameters
14 voiding 15 parameters
16 and 17 post
16 and 18 -
16 and 21 function
19 operative 21 function
20 sexual 21 function
22 after 23 turp

patients/materials and methods : we analyzed 123 patients with a mean age of 70 years ( 46 - 88 years ) who had undergone turp secondary to bps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients/materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 analyzed
4 : 29 .
5 we 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 8 patients
7 123 8 patients
8 patients 9 with
9 with 12 age
10 a 11 mean
10 a 12 age
11 mean 12 age
12 age 13 of
12 age 22 who
12 age 23 had
13 of 15 years
14 70 15 years
15 years 20 years
16 ( 20 years
17 46 18 -
18 - 19 88
18 - 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 who 23 had
23 had 24 undergone
24 undergone 25 turp
25 turp 26 secondary
26 secondary 27 to
27 to 28 bps

to evaluate the clinical parameters , patients completed the ipss and iief - 15 questionnaires [preoperatively] and 1 year postoperatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 to 2 evaluate
2 evaluate 5 parameters
3 the 5 parameters
4 clinical 5 parameters
6 , 7 patients
6 , 8 completed
7 patients 8 completed
8 completed 17 and
8 completed 20 postoperatively
9 the 10 ipss
10 ipss 11 and
11 and 12 iief
11 and 13 -
11 and 15 questionnaires
14 15 15 questionnaires
15 questionnaires 17 and
17 and 19 year
18 1 19 year

additional parameters including urinary flow and post voiding residual volume were also collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 additional 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 including
2 parameters 6 and
3 including 5 flow
4 urinary 5 flow
6 and 7 post
6 and 8 voiding
6 and 11 were
8 voiding 10 volume
9 residual 10 volume
11 were 12 also
11 were 13 collected

results : a statistically significant improvement [in] voiding function was noted postoperatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 function
2 : 11 noted
2 : 13 .
3 a 4 statistically
3 a 9 function
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 improvement
6 improvement 9 function
8 voiding 9 function
9 function 10 was
10 was 11 noted
11 noted 12 postoperatively

the mean ipss improved from 19.35 to 6.49 ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ipss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 mean
2 mean 3 ipss
3 ipss 4 improved
4 improved 5 from
5 from 7 to
6 19.35 7 to
7 to 8 6.49
7 to 10 p<0.05
9 ( 10 p<0.05
10 p<0.05 11 )

objective flow parameters also improved ; qmax [10.43] - 19.46 ml/s ( p<0.05 ) and residual volume 95 - 11 [ml] ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 objective 2 flow
2 flow 3 parameters
3 parameters 5 improved
4 also 5 improved
6 ; 15 and
7 qmax 11 ml/s
7 qmax 15 and
9 - 11 ml/s
10 19.46 11 ml/s
11 ml/s 13 p<0.05
11 ml/s 14 )
12 ( 13 p<0.05
13 p<0.05 14 )
15 and 17 volume
15 and 23 p<0.05
16 residual 17 volume
17 volume 19 -
18 95 19 -
19 - 20 11
22 ( 23 p<0.05
23 p<0.05 24 )

the mean pre - operative prostate volume was 41.8 cm³ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 7 volume
2 mean 5 operative
3 pre 4 -
3 pre 5 operative
5 operative 7 volume
6 prostate 7 volume
7 volume 8 was
8 was 10 cm³
9 41.8 10 cm³

the mean resected tissue weight was 21.1 g . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 weight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 5 weight
2 mean 3 resected
3 resected 4 tissue
4 tissue 5 weight
5 weight 6 was
6 was 8 g
7 21.1 8 g

the pa - tients showed no significant change in the frequency of their sexual activity following turp , [however] iief - 15 sexual function and erectile function scores declined mildly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 tients
2 pa 3 -
2 pa 4 tients
4 tients 5 showed
5 showed 8 change
5 showed 9 in
5 showed 28 scores
5 showed 29 declined
6 no 8 change
7 significant 8 change
9 in 11 frequency
10 the 11 frequency
11 frequency 12 of
12 of 25 and
13 their 24 function
14 sexual 15 activity
15 activity 16 following
16 following 24 function
17 turp 20 iief
18 , 20 iief
20 iief 21 -
20 iief 24 function
22 15 24 function
23 sexual 24 function
24 function 25 and
25 and 26 erectile
27 function 28 scores
28 scores 29 declined
29 declined 30 mildly

this was statistically significant with pre - [op] iief - 15=30.52 and post - [op] 26.24 ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 statistically
2 was 4 significant
4 significant 5 with
5 with 12 and
6 pre 9 iief
6 pre 10 -
6 pre 11 15=30.52
7 - 9 iief
9 iief 10 -
11 15=30.52 12 and
12 and 13 post
12 and 16 26.24
14 - 16 26.24
16 26.24 18 p<0.05
16 26.24 19 )
17 ( 18 p<0.05
18 p<0.05 19 )

comparing individual surgeons , no statistically significant difference was noted in ipss and iief - 15 functional outcome scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 comparing 3 surgeons
1 comparing 4 ,
1 comparing 8 difference
2 individual 3 surgeons
5 no 8 difference
6 statistically 7 significant
7 significant 8 difference
8 difference 9 was
9 was 10 noted
10 noted 11 in
11 in 14 iief
12 ipss 13 and
13 and 14 iief
15 - 19 scores
15 - 20 .
16 15 19 scores
17 functional 18 outcome
18 outcome 19 scores

although significant differences existed in the total amount of resected tissue , the percentage of resected adenoma in relation to total prostate volume was not statistically significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 3 differences
1 although 4 existed
1 although 12 ,
1 although 14 percentage
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 existed
4 existed 5 in
5 in 8 amount
6 the 8 amount
7 total 8 amount
8 amount 9 of
9 of 11 tissue
10 resected 11 tissue
13 the 14 percentage
14 percentage 15 of
14 percentage 24 was
15 of 17 adenoma
16 resected 17 adenoma
17 adenoma 20 to
18 in 19 relation
19 relation 20 to
20 to 23 volume
21 total 22 prostate
22 prostate 23 volume
24 was 25 not
24 was 27 significant
26 statistically 27 significant

conclusion : overall , ipss scores improved significantly following turp and sexual function scored declined mildly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 6 scores
3 overall 5 ipss
4 , 5 ipss
5 ipss 6 scores
6 scores 7 improved
6 scores 9 following
7 improved 8 significantly
9 following 11 and
9 following 16 mildly
10 turp 11 and
11 and 13 function
11 and 14 scored
11 and 15 declined
12 sexual 13 function

we detected no influence between surgeons on clinical voiding parameters and postoperative sexual function after turp using the ipss and iief - 15 questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 detected
2 detected 4 influence
2 detected 5 between
2 detected 7 on
3 no 4 influence
5 between 6 surgeons
7 on 11 and
8 clinical 10 parameters
9 voiding 10 parameters
10 parameters 11 and
11 and 14 function
11 and 15 after
12 postoperative 14 function
13 sexual 14 function
15 after 16 turp
16 turp 17 using
17 using 21 iief
18 the 21 iief
19 ipss 20 and
20 and 21 iief
22 - 24 questionnaires
23 15 24 questionnaires

two kinds of dental stem cells ( dscs ) , dental pulp stem cells ( dpscs ) and stem cells from human - exfoliated deciduous teeth ( shed ) , have been identified as novel populations of mesenchymal stem cells that can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts , chondrocytes , adipocytes , and neuron - like cells in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 differentiate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 two 2 kinds
2 kinds 3 of
2 kinds 18 and
3 of 6 cells
4 dental 5 stem
5 stem 6 cells
6 cells 8 dscs
6 cells 14 cells
7 ( 8 dscs
8 dscs 9 )
10 , 14 cells
11 dental 12 pulp
12 pulp 14 cells
13 stem 14 cells
14 cells 16 dpscs
14 cells 17 )
15 ( 16 dpscs
16 dpscs 17 )
18 and 20 cells
18 and 30 ,
18 and 31 have
19 stem 20 cells
20 cells 21 from
21 from 26 teeth
22 human 23 -
22 human 26 teeth
24 exfoliated 26 teeth
25 deciduous 26 teeth
26 teeth 28 shed
27 ( 28 shed
28 shed 29 )
31 have 32 been
32 been 36 populations
33 identified 36 populations
34 as 35 novel
35 novel 36 populations
36 populations 37 of
36 populations 41 that
36 populations 46 differentiate
37 of 40 cells
38 mesenchymal 39 stem
39 stem 40 cells
41 that 42 can
42 can 43 be
43 be 44 induced
44 induced 45 to
44 induced 46 differentiate
45 to 46 differentiate
46 differentiate 47 into
46 differentiate 57 like
46 differentiate 60 vitro
47 into 48 osteoblasts
48 osteoblasts 54 and
49 , 54 and
50 chondrocytes 51 ,
51 , 52 adipocytes
51 , 54 and
53 , 54 and
54 and 55 neuron
54 and 56 -
57 like 58 cells
59 in 60 vitro

as we know , both of them originate from the neural crest , but have distinct characteristics and functions in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 as 2 we
1 as 3 know
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 both
2 we 3 know
5 both 6 of
5 both 14 but
6 of 7 them
8 originate 9 from
8 originate 14 but
9 from 12 crest
10 the 12 crest
11 neural 12 crest
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 have
15 have 18 and
15 have 22 and
16 distinct 17 characteristics
17 characteristics 18 and
18 and 19 functions
20 in 21 vitro
21 vitro 22 and
22 and 24 vivo
23 in 24 vivo

the regeneration potential of dscs declines with advanced age ; however , the mechanism of the impaired potential in dscs has not been fully explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 declines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 potential
2 regeneration 3 potential
3 potential 4 of
3 potential 6 declines
4 of 5 dscs
6 declines 7 with
7 with 9 age
8 advanced 9 age
10 ; 14 mechanism
10 ; 25 explored
11 however 12 ,
11 however 14 mechanism
13 the 14 mechanism
14 mechanism 15 of
14 mechanism 21 has
15 of 18 potential
16 the 18 potential
17 impaired 18 potential
18 potential 19 in
19 in 20 dscs
21 has 22 not
21 has 23 been
23 been 25 explored
24 fully 25 explored

in this study , we investigated whether [declined] neurogenic differentiation capacity is associated with an altered expression of wnt signaling - related proteins in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 7 whether
6 investigated 14 with
7 whether 11 capacity
7 whether 12 is
9 neurogenic 10 differentiation
10 differentiation 11 capacity
11 capacity 12 is
12 is 13 associated
14 with 17 expression
15 an 17 expression
16 altered 17 expression
17 expression 18 of
18 of 19 wnt
19 wnt 20 signaling
21 - 22 related
22 related 23 proteins
22 related 25 vitro
22 related 26 .
24 in 25 vitro

we compared stem cells isolated from human dental pulp in two age groups : the exfoliated deciduous [teeth] ( 5 - 12 years ) , and the third permanent teeth ( 45 - 50 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 cells
3 stem 4 cells
4 cells 5 isolated
5 isolated 6 from
6 from 9 pulp
7 human 9 pulp
8 dental 9 pulp
9 pulp 10 in
10 in 13 groups
11 two 13 groups
12 age 13 groups
14 : 30 teeth
15 the 30 teeth
16 exfoliated 30 teeth
17 deciduous 21 -
17 deciduous 26 and
19 ( 21 -
20 5 21 -
21 - 23 years
21 - 24 )
22 12 23 years
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 the
26 and 30 teeth
27 the 28 third
29 permanent 30 teeth
30 teeth 35 years
31 ( 35 years
32 45 33 -
33 - 34 50
33 - 35 years
35 years 36 )

we found that the expression levels of neuron markers , such as βiii - tubulin , microtubule - associated protein 2 ( map2 ) , tyrosine hydroxylase ( th ) , and nestin were lower in the dpscs group compared with that in the shed group ; however , in supplementation with human recombinant wnt1 in the medium , the dpscs were prone to neural differentiation and expressed higher levels of neurogenic markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 74 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 32 and
3 that 34 were
4 the 6 levels
5 expression 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
6 levels 32 and
7 of 9 markers
8 neuron 9 markers
9 markers 15 tubulin
10 , 15 tubulin
11 such 15 tubulin
12 as 13 βiii
13 βiii 14 -
13 βiii 15 tubulin
15 tubulin 20 protein
15 tubulin 27 hydroxylase
15 tubulin 31 ,
16 , 20 protein
17 microtubule 18 -
17 microtubule 20 protein
19 associated 20 protein
20 protein 21 2
20 protein 23 map2
20 protein 24 )
22 ( 23 map2
23 map2 24 )
25 , 27 hydroxylase
26 tyrosine 27 hydroxylase
27 hydroxylase 29 th
27 hydroxylase 30 )
28 ( 29 th
29 th 30 )
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 nestin
32 and 34 were
34 were 35 lower
35 lower 36 in
36 in 39 group
37 the 39 group
38 dpscs 39 group
39 group 40 compared
39 group 43 in
40 compared 41 with
41 with 42 that
43 in 46 group
44 the 46 group
45 shed 46 group
47 ; 61 dpscs
48 however 49 ,
48 however 61 dpscs
49 , 50 in
50 in 51 supplementation
50 in 59 ,
50 in 61 dpscs
51 supplementation 52 with
51 supplementation 56 in
52 with 55 wnt1
53 human 55 wnt1
54 recombinant 55 wnt1
56 in 58 medium
57 the 58 medium
60 the 61 dpscs
61 dpscs 62 were
62 were 63 prone
63 prone 64 to
64 to 67 and
65 neural 66 differentiation
66 differentiation 67 and
67 and 70 levels
67 and 71 of
68 expressed 70 levels
69 higher 70 levels
71 of 73 markers
72 neurogenic 73 markers

in summary , our study demonstrated that wnt/β - catenin signaling may play a vital role in the age - dependent neural differentiation of dscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 summary
3 , 5 study
3 , 6 demonstrated
3 , 9 -
4 our 5 study
5 study 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 8 wnt/β
7 that 8 wnt/β
9 - 10 catenin
9 - 13 play
9 - 20 -
9 - 26 .
10 catenin 11 signaling
10 catenin 12 may
12 may 13 play
13 play 16 role
13 play 17 in
14 a 15 vital
14 a 16 role
15 vital 16 role
17 in 19 age
18 the 19 age
20 - 23 differentiation
21 dependent 23 differentiation
22 neural 23 differentiation
23 differentiation 24 of
24 of 25 dscs

therefore , dscs may provide an ideal source of stem cells that can further extend their therapeutic application in nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 dscs
3 dscs 4 may
4 may 5 provide
5 provide 8 source
5 provide 19 in
6 an 7 ideal
6 an 8 source
7 ideal 8 source
8 source 9 of
9 of 11 cells
10 stem 11 cells
11 cells 12 that
11 cells 13 can
12 that 13 can
13 can 15 extend
14 further 15 extend
15 extend 18 application
16 their 18 application
17 therapeutic 18 application
19 in 22 and
20 nerve 21 injury
21 injury 22 and
22 and 24 diseases
23 neurodegenerative 24 diseases

the potential options for [igf] - 1 therapy arise as a promising strategy in a wide list of human diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 arise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 options
2 potential 3 options
3 options 4 for
3 options 9 arise
4 for 8 therapy
6 - 7 1
7 1 8 therapy
9 arise 10 as
10 as 13 strategy
11 a 12 promising
11 a 13 strategy
12 promising 13 strategy
13 strategy 14 in
14 in 17 list
15 a 17 list
16 wide 17 list
17 list 18 of
18 of 20 diseases
19 human 20 diseases

however , deeper studies are needed from a suitable animal model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 deeper 4 studies
4 studies 5 are
5 are 6 needed
6 needed 7 from
7 from 11 model
8 a 9 suitable
8 a 11 model
9 suitable 10 animal
10 animal 11 model

all human conditions [of] igf - 1 deficiency [consist] in partially decreased igf - 1 levels since total absence of this hormone is hardly compatible with life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 igf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 all 5 igf
2 human 5 igf
3 conditions 5 igf
6 - 8 deficiency
6 - 14 -
7 1 8 deficiency
8 deficiency 10 in
10 in 13 igf
11 partially 12 decreased
12 decreased 13 igf
14 - 19 absence
14 - 23 is
14 - 28 .
15 1 19 absence
16 levels 19 absence
17 since 18 total
18 total 19 absence
19 absence 20 of
19 absence 23 is
20 of 22 hormone
21 this 22 hormone
23 is 25 compatible
24 hardly 25 compatible
25 compatible 26 with
26 with 27 life

the aim of this work was to confirm that heterozygous igf - 1 ( +/ - [ )(mice [(] [hz] ) may be considered as an appropriate animal model to study conditions of igf - 1 deficiency , focusing on early ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 5 work
2 aim 8 confirm
2 aim 22 may
3 of 4 this
5 work 6 was
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 confirm
7 to 8 confirm
8 confirm 11 igf
9 that 10 heterozygous
10 heterozygous 11 igf
11 igf 13 1
11 igf 18 )(mice
12 - 13 1
13 1 15 +/
13 1 16 -
14 ( 15 +/
15 +/ 16 -
16 - 18 )(mice
18 )(mice 21 )
22 may 23 be
23 be 24 considered
24 considered 25 as
24 considered 30 to
24 considered 31 study
25 as 29 model
26 an 27 appropriate
26 an 29 model
27 appropriate 28 animal
28 animal 29 model
30 to 31 study
31 study 32 conditions
32 conditions 33 of
33 of 34 igf
35 - 37 deficiency
36 1 37 deficiency
37 deficiency 39 focusing
38 , 39 focusing
39 focusing 40 on
39 focusing 43 .
40 on 42 ages
41 early 42 ages

heterozygous igf - 1 ( +/ - ) mice were compared to homozygous igf - 1 ( +/+ ) by assessing gene expression by quantitative pcr , serum circulating levels by elisa , and tissue staining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 heterozygous 9 mice
2 igf 4 1
2 igf 9 mice
3 - 4 1
4 1 6 +/
4 1 8 )
5 ( 6 +/
6 +/ 7 -
9 mice 10 were
10 were 11 compared
11 compared 12 to
11 compared 20 by
12 to 14 igf
13 homozygous 14 igf
14 igf 16 1
15 - 16 1
16 1 18 +/+
16 1 19 )
17 ( 18 +/+
18 +/+ 19 )
20 by 21 assessing
21 assessing 23 expression
22 gene 23 expression
23 expression 24 by
24 by 26 pcr
25 quantitative 26 pcr
27 , 34 and
28 serum 29 circulating
28 serum 34 and
29 circulating 30 levels
30 levels 31 by
31 by 32 elisa
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 tissue
35 tissue 36 staining

compared to controls , [hz] mice ( 25 days old ) showed a partial but significant reduction of igf - 1 circulating levels , correlating with a reduced body weight and diminished serum igfbp - 3 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 4 ,
1 compared 6 mice
2 to 3 controls
6 mice 10 old
6 mice 12 showed
7 ( 10 old
8 25 9 days
9 days 10 old
10 old 11 )
12 showed 17 reduction
12 showed 31 and
13 a 17 reduction
14 partial 15 but
15 but 16 significant
15 but 17 reduction
17 reduction 18 of
17 reduction 25 correlating
18 of 19 igf
19 igf 23 levels
20 - 23 levels
21 1 23 levels
22 circulating 23 levels
23 levels 24 ,
25 correlating 26 with
26 with 30 weight
27 a 30 weight
28 reduced 30 weight
29 body 30 weight
31 and 34 igfbp
31 and 37 levels
32 diminished 34 igfbp
33 serum 34 igfbp
35 - 36 3
36 3 37 levels

[hz] mice presented a significant decrease of igf - 1 gene expression in related organs ( liver , bone , testicles , and brain ) while [igf] - 1 receptor showed a normal expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 mice 3 presented
3 presented 6 decrease
3 presented 26 while
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 decrease
5 significant 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 of
7 of 8 igf
8 igf 12 expression
9 - 12 expression
10 1 12 expression
11 gene 12 expression
12 expression 13 in
12 expression 25 )
13 in 15 organs
14 related 15 organs
15 organs 23 and
16 ( 23 and
17 liver 18 ,
18 , 19 bone
18 , 20 ,
20 , 21 testicles
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 brain
23 and 25 )
26 while 30 receptor
26 while 31 showed
28 - 29 1
29 1 30 receptor
30 receptor 31 showed
31 showed 34 expression
32 a 33 normal
32 a 34 expression
33 normal 34 expression

however , gene expression of growth [hormone] [receptor] ( ghr ) was increased in the liver but [reduced] in the bone , testicles , and brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 expression
3 gene 4 expression
4 expression 5 of
4 expression 10 ghr
4 expression 12 was
5 of 6 growth
9 ( 10 ghr
10 ghr 11 )
12 was 13 increased
13 increased 14 in
13 increased 17 but
14 in 16 liver
15 the 16 liver
17 but 19 in
19 in 25 and
20 the 21 bone
21 bone 22 ,
22 , 23 testicles
22 , 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 brain

in addition , a significant reduction of cortical bone thickness and histopathological alterations in the testicles were found in [hz] mice when compared to controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 11 and
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 reduction
5 significant 6 reduction
6 reduction 7 of
6 reduction 11 and
7 of 10 thickness
8 cortical 9 bone
9 bone 10 thickness
11 and 13 alterations
11 and 14 in
11 and 17 were
12 histopathological 13 alterations
14 in 16 testicles
15 the 16 testicles
17 were 18 found
18 found 19 in
18 found 22 when
19 in 21 mice
22 when 23 compared
23 compared 24 to
24 to 25 controls

finally , the lifelong evolution of igf - 1 serum levels showed significant differences throughout life until aging in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 5 evolution
3 the 5 evolution
4 lifelong 5 evolution
5 evolution 6 of
5 evolution 12 showed
6 of 7 igf
7 igf 10 serum
7 igf 11 levels
8 - 9 1
9 1 10 serum
10 serum 11 levels
12 showed 14 differences
12 showed 15 throughout
12 showed 17 until
13 significant 14 differences
15 throughout 16 life
17 until 18 aging
18 aging 19 in
19 in 20 mice

results in this paper provide evidence for considering heterozygous mice as a suitable experimental model , from early stages , to get more insight into the mechanisms of the beneficial actions induced by igf - 1 replacement therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 in
1 results 5 provide
2 in 4 paper
3 this 4 paper
5 provide 6 evidence
5 provide 7 for
7 for 8 considering
8 considering 10 mice
8 considering 21 to
8 considering 22 get
9 heterozygous 10 mice
10 mice 11 as
11 as 15 model
12 a 15 model
13 suitable 15 model
14 experimental 15 model
15 model 17 from
16 , 17 from
17 from 19 stages
17 from 20 ,
18 early 19 stages
21 to 22 get
22 get 24 insight
22 get 38 therapy
23 more 24 insight
24 insight 25 into
24 insight 28 of
25 into 27 mechanisms
26 the 27 mechanisms
28 of 31 actions
29 the 31 actions
30 beneficial 31 actions
31 actions 32 induced
32 induced 33 by
33 by 34 igf
35 - 36 1
36 1 38 therapy
37 replacement 38 therapy

objectives : although previous research theorizes that cross [-] national variation in the relationship between family ties and health is due to nation - level differences in culture and policy/economics , no study has examined this theorization empirically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 variation
3 although 5 research
3 although 6 theorizes
3 although 11 variation
4 previous 5 research
5 research 6 theorizes
7 that 11 variation
8 cross 10 national
10 national 11 variation
11 variation 12 in
11 variation 15 between
11 variation 20 is
12 in 14 relationship
13 the 14 relationship
15 between 18 and
16 family 17 ties
17 ties 18 and
18 and 19 health
20 is 22 to
21 due 22 to
22 to 23 nation
23 nation 29 and
24 - 29 and
25 level 26 differences
26 differences 27 in
26 differences 29 and
27 in 28 culture
29 and 30 policy/economics
29 and 31 ,
29 and 33 study
29 and 35 examined
29 and 39 .
32 no 33 study
33 study 34 has
34 has 35 examined
35 examined 37 theorization
35 examined 38 empirically
36 this 37 theorization

method : using data from the survey of health , ageing , and retirement in europe ( share ) and the organization for economic co [-] operation and development ( oecd ) , this study uses multilevel modeling to analyze individual [-] , nation [-] , and cross - level effects for 30,291 older adults in 14 nations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 4 data
4 data 5 from
4 data 8 of
5 from 7 survey
6 the 7 survey
8 of 9 health
10 , 13 and
11 ageing 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 retirement
13 and 15 in
15 in 20 and
16 europe 18 share
17 ( 18 share
18 share 19 )
18 share 20 and
20 and 22 organization
21 the 22 organization
22 organization 23 for
23 for 28 and
24 economic 25 co
25 co 27 operation
27 operation 28 and
28 and 29 development
28 and 33 ,
28 and 35 study
28 and 40 analyze
29 development 31 oecd
30 ( 31 oecd
31 oecd 32 )
34 this 35 study
35 study 36 uses
36 uses 38 modeling
36 uses 39 to
36 uses 40 analyze
37 multilevel 38 modeling
39 to 40 analyze
40 analyze 47 and
41 individual 43 ,
43 , 44 nation
43 , 47 and
46 , 47 and
47 and 48 cross
47 and 51 effects
49 - 51 effects
50 level 51 effects
51 effects 52 for
51 effects 56 in
51 effects 59 .
52 for 55 adults
53 30,291 55 adults
54 older 55 adults
56 in 58 nations
57 14 58 nations

results : family ties to spouses/partners and parents are associated with better health , but ties to coresident children are associated with poorer health in certain contexts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 7 and
2 : 10 associated
2 : 15 but
3 family 4 ties
4 ties 5 to
4 ties 7 and
5 to 6 spouses/partners
7 and 8 parents
7 and 9 are
9 are 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 health
12 better 13 health
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 ties
15 but 21 associated
16 ties 17 to
16 ties 20 are
17 to 19 children
18 coresident 19 children
20 are 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 health
23 poorer 24 health
24 health 25 in
25 in 27 contexts
26 certain 27 contexts

familistic culture and public pension spending have a weak but statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between intergenerational family ties and health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 familistic 2 culture
2 culture 3 and
3 and 6 spending
3 and 7 have
4 public 6 spending
5 pension 6 spending
7 have 14 effect
7 have 15 on
8 a 14 effect
9 weak 10 but
10 but 12 significant
10 but 14 effect
11 statistically 12 significant
13 moderating 14 effect
15 on 22 and
16 the 17 relationship
17 relationship 18 between
17 relationship 22 and
18 between 21 ties
19 intergenerational 20 family
20 family 21 ties
22 and 23 health

discussion : this article underscores the complexity of family and highlights the need for continued theorization and measurement at the nation level to promote older adults ' health in diverse contexts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 4 article
2 : 14 for
2 : 19 at
3 this 4 article
4 article 10 and
5 underscores 7 complexity
5 underscores 10 and
6 the 7 complexity
7 complexity 8 of
8 of 9 family
10 and 11 highlights
11 highlights 13 need
12 the 13 need
14 for 17 and
15 continued 16 theorization
16 theorization 17 and
17 and 18 measurement
19 at 21 nation
20 the 21 nation
21 nation 22 level
22 level 23 to
22 level 24 promote
23 to 24 promote
24 promote 28 health
24 promote 29 in
25 older 26 adults
26 adults 27 '
27 ' 28 health
29 in 31 contexts
30 diverse 31 contexts

sirtuins are a family of protein deacetylases , deacylases , and adp - ribosyltransferases that regulate life span , control the onset of numerous age - associated diseases , and mediate metabolic homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 sirtuins 2 are
2 are 4 family
3 a 4 family
4 family 5 of
5 of 11 and
6 protein 7 deacetylases
7 deacetylases 8 ,
8 , 9 deacylases
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 adp
11 and 13 -
11 and 14 ribosyltransferases
11 and 18 span
14 ribosyltransferases 15 that
14 ribosyltransferases 16 regulate
14 ribosyltransferases 18 span
15 that 16 regulate
16 regulate 17 life
19 , 30 and
20 control 22 onset
20 control 30 and
21 the 22 onset
22 onset 23 of
23 of 25 age
24 numerous 25 age
25 age 28 diseases
26 - 28 diseases
27 associated 28 diseases
28 diseases 29 ,
30 and 31 mediate
31 mediate 33 homeostasis
32 metabolic 33 homeostasis

we have uncovered a novel role for the mitochondrial sirtuin sirt4 in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism during changes in nutrient availability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 uncovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 uncovered
3 uncovered 6 role
3 uncovered 7 for
3 uncovered 12 in
3 uncovered 19 during
4 a 5 novel
4 a 6 role
5 novel 6 role
7 for 11 sirt4
8 the 10 sirtuin
9 mitochondrial 10 sirtuin
10 sirtuin 11 sirt4
12 in 14 regulation
13 the 14 regulation
14 regulation 15 of
15 of 18 metabolism
16 hepatic 17 lipid
17 lipid 18 metabolism
19 during 20 changes
20 changes 21 in
21 in 23 availability
22 nutrient 23 availability

we show that sirt4 levels decrease in the liver during fasting and that sirt4 null mice display increased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor α ( pparα ) target genes associated with fatty acid catabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 6 decrease
2 show 32 genes
2 show 34 with
3 that 6 decrease
4 sirt4 5 levels
5 levels 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 in
7 in 23 proliferator
8 the 23 proliferator
9 liver 10 during
9 liver 12 and
10 during 11 fasting
12 and 13 that
12 and 14 sirt4
12 and 20 of
12 and 23 proliferator
14 sirt4 16 mice
14 sirt4 17 display
14 sirt4 18 increased
15 null 16 mice
16 mice 17 display
18 increased 19 expression
19 expression 20 of
21 hepatic 23 proliferator
22 peroxisome 23 proliferator
23 proliferator 27 α
24 - 27 α
25 activated 26 receptor
26 receptor 27 α
27 α 29 pparα
27 α 30 )
28 ( 29 pparα
29 pparα 30 )
31 target 32 genes
32 genes 33 associated
34 with 37 catabolism
35 fatty 37 catabolism
36 acid 37 catabolism

accordingly , primary hepatocytes from sirt4 knockout [(] [ko] [ )(mice exhibit higher rates of fatty acid oxidation than wild - type hepatocytes , and sirt4 overexpression decreases fatty acid oxidation rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hepatocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 4 hepatocytes
3 primary 4 hepatocytes
4 hepatocytes 5 from
4 hepatocytes 12 exhibit
5 from 11 )(mice
6 sirt4 7 knockout
7 knockout 11 )(mice
12 exhibit 14 rates
12 exhibit 19 than
13 higher 14 rates
14 rates 15 of
15 of 18 oxidation
16 fatty 18 oxidation
17 acid 18 oxidation
19 than 27 overexpression
19 than 28 decreases
19 than 32 rates
20 wild 21 -
20 wild 22 type
22 type 27 overexpression
23 hepatocytes 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 sirt4
25 and 27 overexpression
27 overexpression 28 decreases
29 fatty 30 acid
30 acid 32 rates
31 oxidation 32 rates

the enhanced fatty acid oxidation observed in sirt4 [ko] hepatocytes requires functional sirt1 , demonstrating a clear cross talk between mitochondrial and nuclear sirtuins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 oxidation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 requires
1 the 5 oxidation
2 enhanced 5 oxidation
3 fatty 5 oxidation
4 acid 5 oxidation
5 oxidation 6 observed
5 oxidation 11 requires
6 observed 7 in
7 in 10 hepatocytes
8 sirt4 10 hepatocytes
11 requires 13 sirt1
12 functional 13 sirt1
13 sirt1 15 demonstrating
14 , 15 demonstrating
15 demonstrating 19 talk
15 demonstrating 20 between
15 demonstrating 25 .
16 a 17 clear
16 a 19 talk
17 clear 18 cross
18 cross 19 talk
20 between 24 sirtuins
21 mitochondrial 22 and
22 and 23 nuclear
22 and 24 sirtuins

thus , sirt4 is a new component of mitochondrial signaling in the liver and functions as an important regulator of lipid metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sirt4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 sirt4
3 sirt4 14 and
4 is 7 component
4 is 14 and
5 a 6 new
5 a 7 component
6 new 7 component
7 component 8 of
8 of 10 signaling
9 mitochondrial 10 signaling
10 signaling 11 in
11 in 13 liver
12 the 13 liver
14 and 15 functions
14 and 16 as
16 as 19 regulator
17 an 18 important
17 an 19 regulator
18 important 19 regulator
19 regulator 20 of
20 of 22 metabolism
21 lipid 22 metabolism

the ubiquitin ligase chip [(] carboxyl terminus of hsp70 - interacting protein ) regulates protein quality control , and chip deletion accelerates aging and reduces the life span in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 terminus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 7 terminus
2 ubiquitin 7 terminus
3 ligase 7 terminus
4 chip 6 carboxyl
6 carboxyl 7 terminus
7 terminus 8 of
7 terminus 24 and
8 of 9 hsp70
9 hsp70 12 protein
10 - 12 protein
11 interacting 12 protein
12 protein 13 )
14 regulates 19 and
14 regulates 24 and
15 protein 16 quality
16 quality 17 control
17 control 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 chip
19 and 21 deletion
19 and 22 accelerates
19 and 23 aging
21 deletion 22 accelerates
24 and 25 reduces
25 reduces 28 span
26 the 28 span
27 life 28 span
28 span 29 in
29 in 30 mice

here , we reveal a mechanism for chip 's influence on longevity by demonstrating that chip stabilizes the sirtuin family member sirt6 , a lysine deacetylase/adp ribosylase involved in dna repair , metabolism , and longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 reveal
4 reveal 6 mechanism
5 a 6 mechanism
6 mechanism 7 for
6 mechanism 11 on
7 for 10 influence
8 chip 9 's
9 's 10 influence
11 on 12 longevity
12 longevity 13 by
13 by 14 demonstrating
14 demonstrating 15 that
15 that 16 chip
15 that 17 stabilizes
16 chip 17 stabilizes
17 stabilizes 22 sirt6
18 the 21 member
19 sirtuin 20 family
20 family 21 member
21 member 22 sirt6
23 , 35 and
24 a 29 in
25 lysine 26 deacetylase/adp
26 deacetylase/adp 28 involved
27 ribosylase 28 involved
28 involved 29 in
29 in 31 repair
30 dna 31 repair
31 repair 32 ,
32 , 33 metabolism
32 , 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 longevity

in chip - deficient cells , sirt6 protein [half] - life is substantially reduced due to increased proteasome - mediated degradation , but chip overexpression in these cells increases sirt6 protein expression without affecting sirt6 transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 life
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 chip
1 in 11 life
2 chip 5 cells
3 - 5 cells
4 deficient 5 cells
5 cells 8 protein
5 cells 10 -
6 , 8 protein
7 sirt6 8 protein
8 protein 10 -
11 life 12 is
12 is 13 substantially
12 is 14 reduced
14 reduced 16 to
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 proteasome
17 increased 18 proteasome
18 proteasome 21 degradation
19 - 21 degradation
20 mediated 21 degradation
21 degradation 22 ,
23 but 25 overexpression
23 but 29 increases
24 chip 25 overexpression
25 overexpression 26 in
25 overexpression 29 increases
26 in 28 cells
27 these 28 cells
29 increases 32 expression
29 increases 33 without
30 sirt6 31 protein
31 protein 32 expression
33 without 34 affecting
34 affecting 36 transcription
35 sirt6 36 transcription

chip noncanonically ubiquitinates sirt6 at k170 , which stabilizes sirt6 and prevents sirt6 canonical ubiquitination by other ubiquitin ligases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ubiquitinates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 chip 3 ubiquitinates
2 noncanonically 3 ubiquitinates
3 ubiquitinates 4 sirt6
3 ubiquitinates 5 at
5 at 6 k170
7 , 8 which
7 , 11 and
8 which 11 and
9 stabilizes 10 sirt6
9 stabilizes 11 and
11 and 12 prevents
12 prevents 13 sirt6
13 sirt6 15 ubiquitination
13 sirt6 19 ligases
14 canonical 15 ubiquitination
15 ubiquitination 16 by
15 ubiquitination 19 ligases
16 by 18 ubiquitin
17 other 18 ubiquitin

in chip - depleted cells , sirt6 k170 mutation increases sirt6 [half] - life and [prevents] proteasome - mediated degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 chip
1 in 9 mutation
2 chip 5 cells
3 - 5 cells
4 depleted 5 cells
5 cells 6 ,
7 sirt6 8 k170
8 k170 9 mutation
9 mutation 10 increases
10 increases 11 sirt6
11 sirt6 15 and
13 - 15 and
14 life 15 and
15 and 17 proteasome
15 and 18 -
18 - 20 degradation
19 mediated 20 degradation

the global decrease in sirt6 expression in the absence of chip is associated with decreased sirt6 [promoter] [occupancy] , which increases histone acetylation and promotes downstream gene transcription in chip - depleted cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 decreased
1 the 3 decrease
2 global 3 decrease
3 decrease 4 in
3 decrease 6 expression
3 decrease 14 with
3 decrease 15 decreased
4 in 5 sirt6
6 expression 7 in
6 expression 10 of
6 expression 12 is
7 in 9 absence
8 the 9 absence
10 of 11 chip
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
15 decreased 16 sirt6
16 sirt6 20 which
19 , 20 which
20 which 24 and
20 which 34 .
21 increases 23 acetylation
21 increases 24 and
22 histone 23 acetylation
24 and 25 promotes
25 promotes 28 transcription
25 promotes 29 in
26 downstream 27 gene
27 gene 28 transcription
29 in 30 chip
30 chip 33 cells
31 - 33 cells
32 depleted 33 cells
33 cells 34 .

cells lacking chip are hypersensitive to dna - damaging agents , but dna repair and cell viability are rescued by enforced expression of sirt6 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 cells 2 lacking
1 cells 4 are
2 lacking 3 chip
4 are 5 hypersensitive
5 hypersensitive 6 to
5 hypersensitive 9 damaging
6 to 7 dna
8 - 9 damaging
9 damaging 10 agents
9 damaging 11 ,
11 , 12 but
12 but 15 and
12 but 19 rescued
13 dna 14 repair
14 repair 15 and
15 and 17 viability
15 and 18 are
16 cell 17 viability
18 are 19 rescued
19 rescued 20 by
20 by 22 expression
21 enforced 22 expression
22 expression 23 of
23 of 24 sirt6

the discovery of this chip - sirt6 interaction represents a novel protein - stabilizing mechanism and [defines] an intersection between protein quality control and epigenetic regulation to influence pathways that regulate the biology of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 16 and
3 of 15 mechanism
4 this 15 mechanism
5 chip 7 sirt6
5 chip 14 stabilizing
6 - 7 sirt6
7 sirt6 8 interaction
7 sirt6 9 represents
7 sirt6 13 -
8 interaction 9 represents
9 represents 12 protein
10 a 12 protein
11 novel 12 protein
14 stabilizing 15 mechanism
16 and 19 intersection
16 and 20 between
16 and 24 and
18 an 19 intersection
20 between 23 control
21 protein 22 quality
22 quality 23 control
24 and 26 regulation
24 and 27 to
24 and 30 that
24 and 31 regulate
25 epigenetic 26 regulation
27 to 29 pathways
28 influence 29 pathways
30 that 31 regulate
31 regulate 33 biology
32 the 33 biology
33 biology 34 of
34 of 35 aging

overcoming acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( egfr ‑ tkis ) is an emerging issue in lung cancer treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overcoming
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 overcoming 3 resistance
1 overcoming 4 to
1 overcoming 17 is
2 acquired 3 resistance
4 to 11 inhibitors
5 epidermal 6 growth
6 growth 8 receptor
7 factor 8 receptor
8 receptor 11 inhibitors
9 tyrosine 11 inhibitors
10 kinase 11 inhibitors
11 inhibitors 15 tkis
12 ( 15 tkis
13 egfr 14 ‑
14 ‑ 15 tkis
15 tkis 16 )
17 is 20 issue
18 an 20 issue
19 emerging 20 issue
20 issue 21 in
21 in 24 treatment
22 lung 24 treatment
23 cancer 24 treatment

we report evidence that a gtpase - activating protein , p190 - a rhogap ( p190 ) , is a potential molecular target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 evidence
2 report 24 for
3 evidence 4 that
4 that 6 gtpase
4 that 19 is
5 a 6 gtpase
6 gtpase 8 activating
6 gtpase 19 is
7 - 8 activating
8 activating 9 protein
8 activating 18 ,
9 protein 11 p190
10 , 11 p190
11 p190 14 rhogap
11 p190 18 ,
12 - 14 rhogap
13 a 14 rhogap
14 rhogap 16 p190
14 rhogap 18 ,
15 ( 16 p190
16 p190 17 )
19 is 23 target
20 a 21 potential
20 a 23 target
21 potential 23 target
22 molecular 23 target
24 for 26 treatment
25 the 26 treatment
26 treatment 27 of
27 of 29 adenocarcinoma
28 lung 29 adenocarcinoma

we documented inhibition of phosphorylation of p190 by egfr - tki treatment in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 documented
2 documented 3 inhibition
2 documented 8 by
2 documented 13 in
3 inhibition 4 of
4 of 5 phosphorylation
5 phosphorylation 6 of
6 of 7 p190
8 by 12 treatment
9 egfr 11 tki
10 - 11 tki
11 tki 12 treatment
13 in 17 lines
14 lung 17 lines
15 adenocarcinoma 17 lines
16 cell 17 lines

small interfering rna [-] mediated knockdown of p190 leads lung adenocarcinoma cells to growth suppression and to inhibition of invasion/migration through inducing cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 small 3 rna
2 interfering 3 rna
3 rna 5 mediated
3 rna 7 of
3 rna 9 leads
5 mediated 6 knockdown
7 of 8 p190
9 leads 26 but
10 lung 12 cells
11 adenocarcinoma 12 cells
12 cells 16 and
12 cells 19 of
12 cells 21 through
12 cells 26 but
13 to 15 suppression
13 to 16 and
14 growth 15 suppression
16 and 17 to
17 to 18 inhibition
19 of 20 invasion/migration
21 through 25 arrest
22 inducing 25 arrest
23 cell 25 arrest
24 cycle 25 arrest
26 but 27 not
26 but 28 apoptosis

these findings were observed not only in egfr - tki - sensitive cells but also in egfr - tki - resistant cells [;] even in cell lines harboring k - ras mutations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 not
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 were
3 were 4 observed
5 not 6 only
5 not 22 cells
5 not 24 even
7 in 13 cells
7 in 14 but
8 egfr 10 tki
9 - 10 tki
10 tki 11 -
10 tki 13 cells
12 sensitive 13 cells
14 but 15 also
14 but 16 in
14 but 20 -
14 but 22 cells
16 in 17 egfr
17 egfr 19 tki
18 - 19 tki
19 tki 20 -
21 resistant 22 cells
22 cells 24 even
24 even 25 in
25 in 27 lines
26 cell 27 lines
27 lines 28 harboring
27 lines 32 mutations
28 harboring 29 k
30 - 32 mutations
31 ras 32 mutations
32 mutations 33 .

the mechanism of this inhibitory effect on growth and invasion/migration was ras inactivation through [disrupting] the p190 - a rhogap/p120rasgap complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 the 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 of
2 mechanism 11 was
3 of 9 and
4 this 6 effect
5 inhibitory 6 effect
6 effect 7 on
6 effect 9 and
7 on 8 growth
9 and 10 invasion/migration
11 was 13 inactivation
11 was 14 through
12 ras 13 inactivation
14 through 17 p190
16 the 17 p190
18 - 21 complex
18 - 22 .
19 a 21 complex
20 rhogap/p120rasgap 21 complex

in addition , a high level of p190 mrna expression was observed in majority [of] surgically obtained tissue from lung adenocarcinoma patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 level
4 a 5 high
4 a 6 level
5 high 6 level
6 level 7 of
6 level 11 was
7 of 10 expression
8 p190 9 mrna
9 mrna 10 expression
11 was 12 observed
12 observed 13 in
12 observed 19 from
13 in 18 tissue
14 majority 18 tissue
16 surgically 17 obtained
17 obtained 18 tissue
19 from 22 patients
20 lung 21 adenocarcinoma
21 adenocarcinoma 22 patients

overexpression of p190 mrna associated with poor disease - free survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overexpression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 overexpression 2 of
1 overexpression 5 associated
2 of 4 mrna
3 p190 4 mrna
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 disease
7 poor 8 disease
9 - 10 free
9 - 12 .
10 free 11 survival

the results suggest that overexpression of p190 mrna may be involved in the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 overexpression
4 that 11 involved
5 overexpression 6 of
5 overexpression 9 may
6 of 8 mrna
7 p190 8 mrna
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 involved
11 involved 12 in
12 in 14 carcinogenesis
13 the 14 carcinogenesis
14 carcinogenesis 15 of
15 of 17 adenocarcinoma
16 lung 17 adenocarcinoma

these findings indicate that p190 is a possible molecular target for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 p190
4 that 6 is
5 p190 6 is
6 is 10 target
7 a 8 possible
7 a 10 target
8 possible 10 target
9 molecular 10 target
10 target 11 for
11 for 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 of
13 of 15 adenocarcinoma
14 lung 15 adenocarcinoma

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aging on the changes to the structure and function of coronary arteries in senile elderly patients [with] essential hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 effect
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 12 aging
12 aging 13 on
12 aging 16 to
13 on 15 changes
14 the 15 changes
16 to 30 hypertension
17 the 30 hypertension
18 structure 19 and
19 and 20 function
19 and 21 of
19 and 30 hypertension
21 of 23 arteries
22 coronary 23 arteries
23 arteries 24 in
24 in 27 patients
25 senile 27 patients
26 elderly 27 patients
29 essential 30 hypertension

patients ( aged 60 - 80 years ) were divided into three groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 patients 3 aged
1 patients 7 years
1 patients 9 were
2 ( 3 aged
3 aged 4 60
3 aged 5 -
5 - 7 years
6 80 7 years
7 years 8 )
9 were 10 divided
10 divided 11 into
11 into 13 groups
12 three 13 groups

the 195 hypertensive patients were divided into four sub - groups according to the duration [of] hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 195
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 sub
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 195
2 195 4 patients
2 195 5 were
2 195 6 divided
2 195 9 sub
3 hypertensive 4 patients
4 patients 5 were
6 divided 7 into
7 into 8 four
10 - 12 according
11 groups 12 according
12 according 13 to
13 to 17 hypertension
14 the 17 hypertension
15 duration 17 hypertension

the changes to the coronary arteries ( left and right ) of all those patients were tested using the following index by 64 coronary computed tomography ( ct ) scans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 changes
2 changes 3 to
2 changes 12 of
2 changes 17 tested
3 to 6 arteries
4 the 6 arteries
5 coronary 6 arteries
6 arteries 9 and
7 ( 9 and
8 left 9 and
9 and 10 right
9 and 11 )
12 of 13 all
13 all 15 patients
13 all 16 were
14 those 15 patients
15 patients 16 were
17 tested 18 using
17 tested 22 by
17 tested 26 tomography
17 tested 30 scans
18 using 21 index
19 the 20 following
19 the 21 index
22 by 23 64
24 coronary 26 tomography
25 computed 26 tomography
26 tomography 28 ct
26 tomography 30 scans
27 ( 28 ct
28 ct 29 )

the 24 h [systolic] blood pressure ( sbp ) and other blood biochemical parameters were assayed for all patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 h
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 h
2 24 3 h
3 h 5 blood
5 blood 6 pressure
6 pressure 8 sbp
7 ( 8 sbp
8 sbp 9 )
10 and 14 parameters
10 and 16 assayed
11 other 14 parameters
12 blood 14 parameters
13 biochemical 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 were
15 were 16 assayed
16 assayed 17 for
17 for 19 patients
18 all 19 patients

we found that the value of the body mass index [(] bmi [ )( total cholesterol ( tc ) and low density lipoproteins ( ldl ) were lower [,] but age and high density lipoproteins ( hdl ) were higher in the group of very elderly patients with hypertension ( group i [;] p<0.05 ) compared with those of a group of elderly patients with hypertension ( group iii [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 5 value
4 the 5 value
5 value 6 of
6 of 10 index
7 the 10 index
8 body 9 mass
9 mass 10 index
10 index 12 bmi
10 index 20 and
12 bmi 20 and
15 total 16 cholesterol
15 total 20 and
16 cholesterol 18 tc
17 ( 18 tc
18 tc 19 )
20 and 21 low
20 and 30 but
21 low 22 density
22 density 23 lipoproteins
22 density 28 lower
23 lipoproteins 25 ldl
23 lipoproteins 27 were
24 ( 25 ldl
25 ldl 26 )
27 were 28 lower
30 but 32 and
31 age 32 and
32 and 34 density
32 and 35 lipoproteins
32 and 39 were
33 high 34 density
35 lipoproteins 37 hdl
35 lipoproteins 39 were
36 ( 37 hdl
37 hdl 38 )
39 were 40 higher
39 were 41 in
41 in 43 group
42 the 43 group
43 group 44 of
44 of 47 patients
45 very 46 elderly
46 elderly 47 patients
47 patients 48 with
47 patients 56 compared
47 patients 59 of
48 with 49 hypertension
49 hypertension 54 p<0.05
50 ( 54 p<0.05
51 group 52 i
51 group 54 p<0.05
54 p<0.05 55 )
56 compared 57 with
57 with 58 those
59 of 61 group
60 a 61 group
61 group 62 of
61 group 68 group
62 of 64 patients
63 elderly 64 patients
64 patients 65 with
65 with 66 hypertension
67 ( 68 group
68 group 69 iii
68 group 71 )(

the left anterior descending branch calcification score ( cslad ) , total calcification [score] [(] [cst] ) , pulse pressure ( pp ) , the left main branch calcification score ( cslm ) , the left circumflex branch calcification score ( cslcx ) were significantly increased in group i compared with group iii ( p<0.01 and p<0.05 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 the 7 score
2 left 6 calcification
3 anterior 6 calcification
4 descending 6 calcification
5 branch 6 calcification
6 calcification 7 score
7 score 9 cslad
7 score 13 calcification
7 score 20 pressure
7 score 44 were
8 ( 9 cslad
9 cslad 10 )
11 , 13 calcification
12 total 13 calcification
13 calcification 17 )
18 , 20 pressure
19 pulse 20 pressure
20 pressure 22 pp
20 pressure 30 score
20 pressure 43 )
21 ( 22 pp
22 pp 23 )
24 , 30 score
25 the 30 score
26 left 30 score
27 main 30 score
28 branch 29 calcification
29 calcification 30 score
30 score 32 cslm
30 score 40 score
30 score 43 )
31 ( 32 cslm
32 cslm 33 )
34 , 40 score
35 the 40 score
36 left 37 circumflex
37 circumflex 38 branch
38 branch 40 score
39 calcification 40 score
40 score 42 cslcx
40 score 43 )
41 ( 42 cslcx
42 cslcx 43 )
44 were 46 increased
45 significantly 46 increased
46 increased 47 in
46 increased 51 with
46 increased 59 respectively
47 in 48 group
48 group 49 i
48 group 50 compared
49 i 50 compared
51 with 52 group
52 group 53 iii
52 group 56 and
54 ( 56 and
55 p<0.01 56 and
56 and 57 p<0.05
56 and 58 ,
58 , 59 respectively
59 respectively 60 )

in addition , the 24 h sbp value for group i was higher than in the ['] very elderly [without] hypertension ['] group ( group ii ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 value
4 the 8 value
5 24 6 h
6 h 8 value
7 sbp 8 value
8 value 9 for
8 value 12 was
9 for 10 group
10 group 11 i
12 was 13 higher
13 higher 14 than
14 than 15 in
15 in 23 group
16 the 23 group
18 very 19 elderly
19 elderly 21 hypertension
21 hypertension 23 group
23 group 25 group
24 ( 25 group
25 group 26 ii
25 group 27 )

hence , in elderly patients , a decrease in the levels of bmi , hdl , tc and ldl accompanies aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 accompanies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 8 decrease
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 patients
3 in 6 ,
3 in 8 decrease
4 elderly 5 patients
7 a 8 decrease
8 decrease 9 in
8 decrease 12 of
8 decrease 20 accompanies
9 in 11 levels
10 the 11 levels
12 of 18 and
13 bmi 15 hdl
14 , 15 hdl
15 hdl 17 tc
16 , 17 tc
17 tc 18 and
18 and 19 ldl
20 accompanies 21 aging

furthermore , the decline of arterial compliance and increase in arterial stiffness develops with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 develops
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 decline
3 the 4 decline
4 decline 5 of
4 decline 13 develops
5 of 8 and
6 arterial 7 compliance
7 compliance 8 and
8 and 9 increase
8 and 10 in
10 in 12 stiffness
11 arterial 12 stiffness
13 develops 14 with
14 with 15 age

aging is more likely to lead to atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries , particularly in the left main coronary artery and its main branches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 more
2 is 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 6 lead
5 to 6 lead
6 lead 7 to
7 to 8 atherosclerosis
8 atherosclerosis 9 in
9 in 12 arteries
10 the 12 arteries
11 coronary 12 arteries
12 arteries 15 in
13 , 14 particularly
13 , 15 in
15 in 21 and
15 in 25 .
16 the 20 artery
17 left 18 main
18 main 20 artery
19 coronary 20 artery
20 artery 21 and
21 and 24 branches
22 its 24 branches
23 main 24 branches

aging is an uncontrollable risk factor , which plays a crucial role in coronary artery atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 6 factor
3 an 4 uncontrollable
3 an 6 factor
4 uncontrollable 6 factor
5 risk 6 factor
7 , 8 which
7 , 9 plays
8 which 9 plays
9 plays 12 role
9 plays 13 in
10 a 11 crucial
10 a 12 role
11 crucial 12 role
13 in 16 atherosclerosis
14 coronary 15 artery
15 artery 16 atherosclerosis

white matter changes are one of the several aging brain alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 white 2 matter
2 matter 3 changes
3 changes 4 are
4 are 5 one
5 one 6 of
6 of 11 alterations
7 the 8 several
8 several 11 alterations
9 aging 10 brain
10 brain 11 alterations

actually , magnetic resonance imaging is the best diagnostic tool in investigation [and] monitoring these lesions that determine some common clinical manifestations in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 actually 2 ,
1 actually 5 imaging
3 magnetic 4 resonance
4 resonance 5 imaging
5 imaging 6 is
6 is 10 tool
7 the 8 best
7 the 10 tool
9 diagnostic 10 tool
10 tool 11 in
10 tool 14 monitoring
11 in 12 investigation
14 monitoring 16 lesions
14 monitoring 23 in
15 these 16 lesions
16 lesions 17 that
16 lesions 18 determine
17 that 18 determine
18 determine 22 manifestations
19 some 22 manifestations
20 common 22 manifestations
21 clinical 22 manifestations
23 in 26 population
24 the 26 population
25 elderly 26 population

blood vessels are often overlooked in analyses of skeletal muscle [biopsies] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 vessels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 overlooked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 blood 2 vessels
2 vessels 3 are
3 are 4 often
3 are 5 overlooked
5 overlooked 6 in
6 in 7 analyses
7 analyses 8 of
8 of 10 muscle
9 skeletal 10 muscle

however , there are many vascular features in skeletal muscle biopsies that , [when] interpreted in the context of other histologic patterns and clinical history , provide useful information that allows muscle pathologists to narrow their differential diagnoses and provide more accurate guidance to treating physicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 5 many
5 many 7 features
5 many 15 interpreted
6 vascular 7 features
7 features 8 in
7 features 13 ,
8 in 10 muscle
9 skeletal 10 muscle
11 biopsies 12 that
11 biopsies 13 ,
13 , 15 interpreted
15 interpreted 16 in
16 in 23 and
17 the 18 context
18 context 19 of
18 context 23 and
19 of 22 patterns
20 other 22 patterns
21 histologic 22 patterns
23 and 25 history
24 clinical 25 history
26 , 27 provide
27 provide 29 information
27 provide 34 to
27 provide 44 to
28 useful 29 information
29 information 30 that
29 information 31 allows
30 that 31 allows
31 allows 32 muscle
31 allows 33 pathologists
34 to 39 and
35 narrow 38 diagnoses
35 narrow 39 and
36 their 38 diagnoses
37 differential 38 diagnoses
39 and 40 provide
39 and 43 guidance
41 more 43 guidance
42 accurate 43 guidance
44 to 45 treating
45 treating 46 physicians

here , we provide a review of normal skeletal muscle vasculature with details of the ultrastructure of vessel walls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 6 review
5 a 6 review
6 review 7 of
7 of 10 muscle
8 normal 10 muscle
9 skeletal 10 muscle
10 muscle 11 vasculature
11 vasculature 12 with
12 with 13 details
13 details 14 of
14 of 16 ultrastructure
15 the 16 ultrastructure
16 ultrastructure 17 of
17 of 19 walls
18 vessel 19 walls

we discuss the vascular effects of factors common to many patients undergoing muscle biopsy , for example , diabetes mellitus , hypertension , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 5 effects
3 the 5 effects
4 vascular 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 7 factors
7 factors 8 common
8 common 9 to
9 to 10 many
10 many 11 patients
10 many 14 biopsy
11 patients 12 undergoing
11 patients 14 biopsy
12 undergoing 13 muscle
14 biopsy 17 example
15 , 17 example
16 for 17 example
17 example 18 ,
18 , 24 and
19 diabetes 20 mellitus
20 mellitus 21 ,
21 , 22 hypertension
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 aging

we then discuss vascular findings relevant to diagnostic muscle [biopsy] [evaluation] , with current theories of pathogenesis and detailed descriptions of the important features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
1 we 3 discuss
2 then 3 discuss
3 discuss 5 findings
4 vascular 5 findings
5 findings 6 relevant
6 relevant 7 to
6 relevant 13 with
7 to 9 muscle
8 diagnostic 9 muscle
12 , 13 with
13 with 15 theories
13 with 25 .
14 current 15 theories
15 theories 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 pathogenesis 18 and
18 and 20 descriptions
18 and 21 of
19 detailed 20 descriptions
21 of 24 features
22 the 24 features
23 important 24 features

introduction : self - rated health is part of the comprehensive concept of quality of life and is a valid measurement of health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 3 self
4 - 6 health
4 - 17 and
4 - 25 .
5 rated 6 health
6 health 17 and
7 is 8 part
7 is 17 and
8 part 9 of
9 of 12 concept
10 the 12 concept
11 comprehensive 12 concept
12 concept 13 of
12 concept 15 of
13 of 14 quality
15 of 16 life
17 and 18 is
17 and 24 status
18 is 21 measurement
19 a 20 valid
19 a 21 measurement
20 valid 21 measurement
21 measurement 22 of
22 of 23 health

the main objective of this study was to test the predictive value of some different variables on the poor self - rated health among elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 objective
3 objective 4 of
3 objective 7 was
4 of 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 test
8 to 9 test
9 test 12 value
9 test 17 on
10 the 12 value
11 predictive 12 value
12 value 13 of
13 of 16 variables
14 some 16 variables
15 different 16 variables
17 on 20 self
18 the 20 self
19 poor 20 self
21 - 23 health
22 rated 23 health
23 health 24 among
24 among 25 elders

material and methods : we performed a cross - sectional study on a sample consisting of 140 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 performed
4 : 9 -
4 : 19 .
5 we 6 performed
6 performed 8 cross
7 a 8 cross
9 - 11 study
10 sectional 11 study
11 study 12 on
12 on 14 sample
13 a 14 sample
14 sample 15 consisting
15 consisting 16 of
16 of 18 participants
17 140 18 participants

measurements : age , gender , level of education , environment , cognitive status , physical impairment , diseases , health perception and social support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 age
3 age 5 gender
4 , 5 gender
5 gender 6 ,
6 , 23 and
7 level 8 of
7 level 10 ,
8 of 9 education
10 , 11 environment
10 , 12 ,
12 , 14 status
12 , 15 ,
13 cognitive 14 status
15 , 17 impairment
15 , 18 ,
16 physical 17 impairment
18 , 19 diseases
18 , 20 ,
20 , 22 perception
20 , 23 and
21 health 22 perception
23 and 25 support
24 social 25 support

the influence of the studied variables on the poor self [-] rated health was performed with a logistic regression analysis and a roc curve to establish the cut - off values for these variables with the best sensitivity and specificity to predict the poor self - rated health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 influence
2 influence 3 of
2 influence 7 on
2 influence 15 performed
2 influence 21 and
3 of 6 variables
4 the 6 variables
5 studied 6 variables
7 on 10 self
8 the 10 self
9 poor 10 self
10 self 12 rated
10 self 13 health
10 self 14 was
13 health 14 was
15 performed 16 with
16 with 20 analysis
17 a 18 logistic
17 a 20 analysis
18 logistic 19 regression
19 regression 20 analysis
21 and 24 curve
21 and 25 to
21 and 26 establish
22 a 24 curve
23 roc 24 curve
25 to 26 establish
26 establish 28 cut
26 establish 47 rated
27 the 28 cut
28 cut 30 off
28 cut 47 rated
29 - 30 off
30 off 31 values
30 off 46 -
31 values 32 for
32 for 34 variables
33 these 34 variables
34 variables 35 with
34 variables 41 to
34 variables 42 predict
35 with 39 and
36 the 37 best
36 the 38 sensitivity
38 sensitivity 39 and
39 and 40 specificity
41 to 42 predict
42 predict 45 self
43 the 45 self
44 poor 45 self
47 rated 48 health

results : a poor self - rated health was significantly associated with age , comorbidity , and the perception of poor functional social support , whereas no association was found with gender , environment and educational level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 self
3 a 4 poor
3 a 5 self
4 poor 5 self
6 - 8 health
6 - 11 associated
7 rated 8 health
8 health 9 was
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 26 whereas
12 with 13 age
13 age 17 and
14 , 17 and
15 comorbidity 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 perception
17 and 20 of
17 and 25 ,
18 the 19 perception
20 of 24 support
21 poor 23 social
22 functional 23 social
23 social 24 support
25 , 26 whereas
26 whereas 28 association
27 no 28 association
28 association 29 was
29 was 30 found
30 found 31 with
31 with 35 and
32 gender 33 ,
33 , 34 environment
33 , 35 and
35 and 37 level
36 educational 37 level

conclusions : old age , the number of diagnosed diseases , and functional social support are self - rated health risk factors , while the characteristics and repercussions of the diseases should not be considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 age
3 old 4 age
5 , 12 and
5 , 16 are
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 12 and
8 of 10 diseases
9 diagnosed 10 diseases
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 support
12 and 16 are
13 functional 15 support
14 social 15 support
16 are 17 self
16 are 24 while
17 self 22 factors
18 - 22 factors
19 rated 22 factors
20 health 22 factors
21 risk 22 factors
22 factors 23 ,
24 while 27 and
24 while 35 considered
25 the 26 characteristics
26 characteristics 27 and
27 and 28 repercussions
27 and 29 of
27 and 32 should
29 of 31 diseases
30 the 31 diseases
32 should 33 not
32 should 34 be
34 be 35 considered

objective : to identify sensorimotor [and] psychosocial determinants of 3 - year incident mobility disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
2 : 11 -
2 : 16 .
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 8 determinants
5 sensorimotor 8 determinants
7 psychosocial 8 determinants
8 determinants 9 of
9 of 10 3
11 - 15 disability
12 year 15 disability
13 incident 15 disability
14 mobility 15 disability

design : prospective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 prospective

setting : population - based sample [of] community - dwelling older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 population
4 - 8 community
4 - 9 -
5 based 6 sample
6 sample 8 community
9 - 12 persons
9 - 13 .
10 dwelling 12 persons
11 older 12 persons

participants : community - living middle - aged and older persons ( age : 50 - 85 years [ )(without baseline mobility disability ( n = 622 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 community
2 : 4 -
4 - 6 middle
4 - 7 -
5 living 6 middle
7 - 9 and
7 - 14 :
7 - 29 .
8 aged 9 and
9 and 11 persons
9 and 13 age
10 older 11 persons
12 ( 13 age
13 age 14 :
14 : 18 years
15 50 16 -
16 - 17 85
16 - 18 years
18 years 20 )(without
20 )(without 23 disability
21 baseline 23 disability
22 mobility 23 disability
23 disability 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 622
26 = 28 )

potential baseline determinant characteristics included demographics , education , social support , financial condition , knee extensor strength , visual contrast sensitivity , cognition , depression , presence of chronic conditions and history [of] falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 potential 3 determinant
2 baseline 3 determinant
3 determinant 4 characteristics
4 characteristics 5 included
5 included 6 demographics
6 demographics 8 education
6 demographics 11 support
6 demographics 18 strength
7 , 8 education
8 education 9 ,
9 , 11 support
10 social 11 support
11 support 14 condition
11 support 15 ,
12 , 14 condition
13 financial 14 condition
14 condition 15 ,
15 , 18 strength
16 knee 17 extensor
17 extensor 18 strength
18 strength 22 sensitivity
18 strength 27 ,
19 , 22 sensitivity
20 visual 21 contrast
21 contrast 22 sensitivity
22 sensitivity 24 cognition
22 sensitivity 26 depression
22 sensitivity 27 ,
23 , 24 cognition
24 cognition 25 ,
25 , 26 depression
26 depression 27 ,
27 , 28 presence
27 , 35 falls
28 presence 29 of
28 presence 35 falls
29 of 32 and
30 chronic 31 conditions
31 conditions 32 and
32 and 33 history

results : a total of 13.5 % participant [reported] 3 - year incident mobility disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 8 participant
6 13.5 7 %
7 % 8 participant
8 participant 10 3
10 3 11 -
11 - 15 disability
12 year 14 mobility
13 incident 14 mobility
14 mobility 15 disability

age ≥75 years , female sex , knee extensor strength in the lowest quartile , visual contrast sensitivity < 1.7 on the pelli - robson chart or significant depressive symptoms ( cesd score >16 ) were independent determinants of 3 - year incident mobility disability ( ors 1.84 - 16.51 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 age 3 years
2 ≥75 3 years
3 years 6 sex
4 , 6 sex
5 female 6 sex
6 sex 7 ,
7 , 10 strength
7 , 19 <
7 , 24 -
8 knee 10 strength
9 extensor 10 strength
10 strength 11 in
10 strength 19 <
11 in 18 sensitivity
12 the 13 lowest
12 the 18 sensitivity
14 quartile 15 ,
14 quartile 17 contrast
16 visual 17 contrast
17 contrast 18 sensitivity
19 < 20 1.7
20 1.7 21 on
21 on 23 pelli
22 the 23 pelli
24 - 26 chart
24 - 27 or
25 robson 26 chart
27 or 30 symptoms
27 or 36 were
28 significant 30 symptoms
29 depressive 30 symptoms
30 symptoms 34 >16
30 symptoms 36 were
31 ( 34 >16
32 cesd 34 >16
33 score 34 >16
34 >16 35 )
36 were 38 determinants
37 independent 38 determinants
38 determinants 39 of
39 of 40 3
40 3 45 disability
40 3 50 16.51
41 - 45 disability
42 year 45 disability
43 incident 45 disability
44 mobility 45 disability
45 disability 47 ors
45 disability 49 -
46 ( 47 ors
47 ors 48 1.84
47 ors 49 -
49 - 50 16.51
50 16.51 51 )

conclusions : low visual contrast sensitivity , poor knee extensor strength and significant depressive symptoms are independent determinants of future onset [of] mobility disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 low
3 low 6 sensitivity
4 visual 5 contrast
5 contrast 6 sensitivity
7 , 12 and
7 , 16 are
8 poor 10 extensor
9 knee 10 extensor
10 extensor 11 strength
11 strength 12 and
12 and 15 symptoms
12 and 16 are
13 significant 14 depressive
14 depressive 15 symptoms
16 are 18 determinants
17 independent 18 determinants
18 determinants 19 of
19 of 24 disability
20 future 23 mobility
21 onset 23 mobility
23 mobility 24 disability

microtubule - associated protein tau ( mapt ) positive neuropathology is the characteristic feature [of] majority of frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) cases , which is due to the mutations or haplotypic variations in the gene encoding mapt ( mapt ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 neuropathology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 microtubule 5 tau
1 microtubule 10 neuropathology
2 - 5 tau
3 associated 5 tau
4 protein 5 tau
5 tau 7 mapt
5 tau 8 )
6 ( 7 mapt
7 mapt 8 )
9 positive 10 neuropathology
10 neuropathology 11 is
11 is 16 majority
12 the 16 majority
13 characteristic 14 feature
14 feature 16 majority
16 majority 17 of
16 majority 25 which
17 of 23 cases
18 frontotemporal 23 cases
19 dementia 21 ftd
19 dementia 23 cases
20 ( 21 ftd
21 ftd 22 )
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 is
25 which 41 )
26 is 28 to
26 is 34 in
27 due 28 to
28 to 31 or
29 the 30 mutations
30 mutations 31 or
31 or 33 variations
32 haplotypic 33 variations
34 in 40 mapt
35 the 37 encoding
36 gene 37 encoding
37 encoding 40 mapt
38 mapt 40 mapt
39 ( 40 mapt

the present study was aimed at determining the frequency of genetic variations in mapt in a south indian ftd cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 at
6 at 7 determining
7 determining 9 frequency
7 determining 13 in
7 determining 15 in
8 the 9 frequency
9 frequency 10 of
10 of 12 variations
11 genetic 12 variations
13 in 14 mapt
15 in 20 cohort
16 a 17 south
16 a 20 cohort
17 south 18 indian
18 indian 20 cohort
19 ftd 20 cohort

the frequency of mutations were determined in 116 ftd , 8 progressive supranuclear palsy ( psp ) and 3 corticobasal syndrome ( cbs ) patients and haplotype diversity were analyzed in a study cohort comprising 116 ftd , 8 psp , 3 cbs , 194 other dementia groups , 78 mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and 130 cognitively normal individuals and report no pathogenic mutations in ftd/psp/cbs or haplotypic association with disease risk in ftd or other dementia patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 74 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 81 .
1 the 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 of
2 frequency 5 were
3 of 4 mutations
5 were 25 patients
6 determined 7 in
6 determined 18 and
7 in 9 ftd
8 116 9 ftd
9 ftd 14 palsy
10 , 14 palsy
11 8 14 palsy
12 progressive 14 palsy
13 supranuclear 14 palsy
14 palsy 16 psp
14 palsy 17 )
15 ( 16 psp
16 psp 17 )
18 and 21 syndrome
18 and 23 cbs
18 and 25 patients
19 3 21 syndrome
20 corticobasal 21 syndrome
22 ( 23 cbs
23 cbs 24 )
26 and 27 haplotype
26 and 30 analyzed
27 haplotype 28 diversity
27 haplotype 29 were
27 haplotype 30 analyzed
28 diversity 29 were
30 analyzed 31 in
30 analyzed 62 and
31 in 34 cohort
32 a 34 cohort
33 study 34 cohort
34 cohort 35 comprising
35 comprising 36 116
37 ftd 40 psp
37 ftd 57 and
38 , 40 psp
39 8 40 psp
40 psp 43 cbs
40 psp 53 impairment
40 psp 56 )
41 , 43 cbs
42 3 43 cbs
43 cbs 48 groups
43 cbs 49 ,
44 , 48 groups
45 194 46 other
46 other 48 groups
47 dementia 48 groups
48 groups 49 ,
49 , 53 impairment
50 78 53 impairment
51 mild 53 impairment
52 cognitive 53 impairment
53 impairment 55 mci
53 impairment 56 )
54 ( 55 mci
55 mci 56 )
57 and 61 individuals
57 and 62 and
58 130 61 individuals
59 cognitively 60 normal
60 normal 61 individuals
62 and 63 report
62 and 66 mutations
62 and 74 risk
64 no 66 mutations
65 pathogenic 66 mutations
66 mutations 67 in
66 mutations 72 with
66 mutations 74 risk
67 in 69 or
68 ftd/psp/cbs 69 or
69 or 71 association
70 haplotypic 71 association
72 with 73 disease
74 risk 75 in
75 in 77 or
76 ftd 77 or
77 or 80 patients
78 other 80 patients
79 dementia 80 patients

these findings suggest that there may be other genetic or epigenetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of ftd in the south indian population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 7 be
4 that 5 there
4 that 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 12 factors
8 other 12 factors
9 genetic 10 or
10 or 11 epigenetic
10 or 12 factors
12 factors 13 contributing
13 contributing 14 to
14 to 16 pathogenesis
15 the 16 pathogenesis
16 pathogenesis 17 of
17 of 18 ftd
18 ftd 19 in
19 in 23 population
20 the 23 population
21 south 22 indian
22 indian 23 population

abberant lipid metabolism is implicated in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) pathophysiology , but the connections between ad and lipid metabolic pathways are not fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 metabolism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 abberant 3 metabolism
2 lipid 3 metabolism
3 metabolism 4 is
4 is 5 implicated
5 implicated 6 in
5 implicated 13 pathophysiology
6 in 9 disease
7 alzheimer 8 's
8 's 9 disease
9 disease 11 ad
10 ( 11 ad
11 ad 12 )
14 , 15 but
15 but 20 and
15 but 27 understood
16 the 17 connections
17 connections 18 between
17 connections 20 and
18 between 19 ad
20 and 23 pathways
20 and 24 are
21 lipid 23 pathways
22 metabolic 23 pathways
24 are 25 not
24 are 26 fully
24 are 27 understood

to investigate plasma lipids in ad , [a] multiplatform screen ( n = 35 by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry [and] n = 35 by nuclear magnetic resonance [ )( developed , which enabled the comprehensive analysis of plasma from 3 groups ( individuals with ad , [individuals] with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , [and] age - matched controls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 multiplatform
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 4 lipids
2 investigate 5 in
3 plasma 4 lipids
5 in 6 ad
7 , 9 multiplatform
9 multiplatform 10 screen
9 multiplatform 13 =
9 multiplatform 15 by
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 35
15 by 20 spectrometry
16 liquid 20 spectrometry
17 chromatography 18 -
17 chromatography 19 mass
19 mass 20 spectrometry
20 spectrometry 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 35
24 35 25 by
24 35 31 developed
24 35 33 which
25 by 28 resonance
26 nuclear 28 resonance
27 magnetic 28 resonance
32 , 33 which
33 which 34 enabled
34 enabled 37 analysis
35 the 37 analysis
36 comprehensive 37 analysis
37 analysis 38 of
38 of 39 plasma
39 plasma 40 from
39 plasma 49 with
40 from 42 groups
41 3 42 groups
42 groups 44 individuals
43 ( 44 individuals
44 individuals 45 with
44 individuals 47 ,
45 with 46 ad
49 with 52 impairment
50 mild 52 impairment
51 cognitive 52 impairment
52 impairment 54 mci
52 impairment 58 age
53 ( 54 mci
54 mci 55 )
56 , 58 age
58 age 61 controls
58 age 63 .
59 - 61 controls
60 matched 61 controls
61 controls 62 )

this screen identified 3 phosphatidylcholine ( pc [ )(molecules that were significantly diminished in ad cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 screen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
1 this 2 screen
2 screen 3 identified
3 identified 5 phosphatidylcholine
4 3 5 phosphatidylcholine
5 phosphatidylcholine 9 )(molecules
6 ( 9 )(molecules
7 pc 9 )(molecules
9 )(molecules 10 that
9 )(molecules 11 were
9 )(molecules 17 .
10 that 11 were
11 were 13 diminished
12 significantly 13 diminished
13 diminished 14 in
14 in 16 cases
15 ad 16 cases

in a subsequent validation study ( n = 141 ) , pc variation in a bigger sample set was investigated , and the same 3 pcs were found to be significantly lower in ad patients : pc 16:0/20:5 ( p < 0.001 ) , 16:0/22:6 ( p < 0.05 ) , and 18:0/22:6 ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 pc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 in 5 study
1 in 11 ,
1 in 12 pc
2 a 3 subsequent
2 a 5 study
3 subsequent 4 validation
4 validation 5 study
5 study 8 =
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 141
8 = 10 )
12 pc 22 and
12 pc 27 were
12 pc 28 found
13 variation 14 in
13 variation 22 and
14 in 17 sample
15 a 17 sample
16 bigger 17 sample
17 sample 18 set
17 sample 19 was
17 sample 20 investigated
18 set 19 was
21 , 22 and
22 and 26 pcs
22 and 27 were
23 the 24 same
23 the 25 3
25 3 26 pcs
28 found 29 to
28 found 36 :
29 to 30 be
29 to 36 :
30 be 32 lower
31 significantly 32 lower
32 lower 33 in
33 in 35 patients
34 ad 35 patients
36 : 37 pc
36 : 52 and
36 : 56 <
38 16:0/20:5 41 <
38 16:0/20:5 44 ,
39 ( 41 <
40 p 41 <
41 < 42 0.001
41 < 43 )
44 , 45 16:0/22:6
44 , 52 and
45 16:0/22:6 48 <
46 ( 48 <
47 p 48 <
48 < 49 0.05
48 < 50 )
51 , 52 and
52 and 53 18:0/22:6
54 ( 56 <
55 p 56 <
56 < 57 0.01
56 < 58 )

a receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis of the pcs , combined with apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) data , produced an area under the curve predictive value of 0.828 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 receiver
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 2 receiver
2 receiver 3 operating
2 receiver 22 produced
3 operating 8 analysis
4 characteristic 6 roc
4 characteristic 8 analysis
5 ( 6 roc
6 roc 7 )
8 analysis 9 of
9 of 11 pcs
10 the 11 pcs
11 pcs 13 combined
12 , 13 combined
13 combined 14 with
13 combined 21 ,
14 with 15 apolipoprotein
14 with 20 data
15 apolipoprotein 16 e
15 apolipoprotein 18 apoe
17 ( 18 apoe
18 apoe 19 )
22 produced 24 area
22 produced 25 under
23 an 24 area
25 under 29 value
26 the 29 value
27 curve 29 value
28 predictive 29 value
29 value 30 of
30 of 31 0.828

confirmatory investigations into the background biochemistry indiciated no significant change in plasma levels of 3 additional pcs of similar structure , total choline containing compounds or total plasma omega fatty acids , adding to the evidence that specific pcs play a role in ad pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 confirmatory 2 investigations
2 investigations 3 into
2 investigations 21 ,
3 into 6 biochemistry
4 the 6 biochemistry
5 background 6 biochemistry
7 indiciated 10 change
7 indiciated 11 in
7 indiciated 21 ,
8 no 10 change
9 significant 10 change
11 in 13 levels
12 plasma 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 17 pcs
15 3 17 pcs
16 additional 17 pcs
17 pcs 18 of
18 of 20 structure
19 similar 20 structure
21 , 22 total
22 total 26 or
23 choline 25 compounds
24 containing 25 compounds
25 compounds 26 or
26 or 31 acids
26 or 32 ,
26 or 33 adding
26 or 34 to
27 total 28 plasma
28 plasma 31 acids
29 omega 31 acids
30 fatty 31 acids
34 to 36 evidence
35 the 36 evidence
36 evidence 37 that
37 that 39 pcs
37 that 40 play
38 specific 39 pcs
39 pcs 40 play
40 play 42 role
41 a 42 role
42 role 43 in
43 in 45 pathology
44 ad 45 pathology

a [non] - synonymous genetic rare variant , rs75932628 [-] t ( p.r47h ) , [in] the trem2 gene has recently [been] reported to be a strong genetic risk factor for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 a 3 -
3 - 9 rs75932628
4 synonymous 9 rs75932628
5 genetic 9 rs75932628
6 rare 9 rs75932628
7 variant 8 ,
7 variant 9 rs75932628
9 rs75932628 11 t
9 rs75932628 13 p.r47h
9 rs75932628 33 's
12 ( 13 p.r47h
13 p.r47h 14 )
15 , 23 reported
17 the 19 gene
18 trem2 19 gene
19 gene 20 has
20 has 23 reported
21 recently 23 reported
23 reported 24 to
23 reported 31 for
23 reported 33 's
24 to 25 be
25 be 30 factor
26 a 27 strong
26 a 30 factor
27 strong 30 factor
28 genetic 30 factor
29 risk 30 factor
31 for 32 alzheimer
33 's 34 disease
34 disease 36 ad
35 ( 36 ad
36 ad 37 )

also , rare recessive mutations have been associated with frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 5 mutations
3 rare 5 mutations
4 recessive 5 mutations
5 mutations 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 dementia
10 frontotemporal 11 dementia
11 dementia 13 ftd
12 ( 13 ftd
13 ftd 14 )

we aimed to investigate the role of p.r47h variant in ad and ftd through a multi - center study comprising 3172 ad and 682 ftd patients and 2169 healthy controls from spain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 12 and
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
6 role 12 and
7 of 8 p.r47h
8 p.r47h 9 variant
9 variant 10 in
10 in 11 ad
12 and 13 ftd
13 ftd 14 through
14 through 27 and
15 a 19 study
16 multi 17 -
16 multi 19 study
18 center 19 study
19 study 20 comprising
19 study 23 and
20 comprising 22 ad
21 3172 22 ad
23 and 26 patients
23 and 27 and
24 682 26 patients
25 ftd 26 patients
27 and 30 controls
27 and 31 from
28 2169 30 controls
29 healthy 30 controls
31 from 32 spain

we found that 0.6 % of ad patients carried this variant compared to 0.1 % of controls ( odds [ratio] [ or ] = 4.12 , 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] = 1.21 - 14.00 , p = 0.014 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 24 =
3 that 5 %
3 that 9 carried
3 that 24 =
4 0.6 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 9 carried
6 of 8 patients
7 ad 8 patients
9 carried 11 variant
10 this 11 variant
11 variant 12 compared
11 variant 13 to
11 variant 16 of
11 variant 19 odds
13 to 15 %
14 0.1 15 %
16 of 17 controls
18 ( 19 odds
19 odds 22 or
19 odds 23 ]
21 [ 22 or
22 or 23 ]
24 = 25 4.12
24 = 36 -
24 = 40 =
25 4.12 29 confidence
26 , 29 confidence
27 95 28 %
28 % 29 confidence
29 confidence 32 ci
29 confidence 33 ]
31 [ 32 ci
32 ci 33 ]
34 = 35 1.21
35 1.21 36 -
36 - 37 14.00
38 , 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.014
40 = 42 )

a meta - analysis comprising 32,598 subjects from 4 previous studies demonstrated the large effect of the p.r47h variant in ad risk ( or [=] 4.11 , 95 % ci = 2.99 - 5.68 , p = 5.27×10 ( - 18 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 a 4 analysis
2 meta 3 -
2 meta 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 comprising
4 analysis 12 demonstrated
5 comprising 7 subjects
6 32,598 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 from
8 from 11 studies
9 4 11 studies
10 previous 11 studies
12 demonstrated 15 effect
12 demonstrated 20 in
13 the 15 effect
14 large 15 effect
15 effect 16 of
16 of 19 variant
17 the 19 variant
18 p.r47h 19 variant
20 in 22 risk
21 ad 22 risk
22 risk 24 or
22 risk 30 ci
23 ( 24 or
24 or 26 4.11
24 or 27 ,
27 , 30 ci
28 95 30 ci
29 % 30 ci
30 ci 33 -
30 ci 37 =
30 ci 43 )
31 = 32 2.99
32 2.99 33 -
33 - 34 5.68
35 , 37 =
36 p 37 =
37 = 38 5.27×10
38 5.27×10 41 18
39 ( 41 18
40 - 41 18
41 18 42 )

we did not find an association between p.r47h and age [of] onset of ad or family history of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 find
4 find 6 association
4 find 7 between
5 an 6 association
7 between 9 and
8 p.r47h 9 and
9 and 12 onset
9 and 13 of
9 and 18 of
10 age 12 onset
13 of 15 or
14 ad 15 or
15 or 17 history
16 family 17 history
18 of 19 dementia

finally , none of the ftd patients harbored this genetic variant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 harbored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 7 patients
3 none 4 of
3 none 7 patients
4 of 7 patients
5 the 7 patients
6 ftd 7 patients
7 patients 8 harbored
8 harbored 11 variant
9 this 11 variant
10 genetic 11 variant

these data strongly support the important role of p.r47h in ad risk , and suggest that this rare genetic variant is not related to ftd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 14 and
3 strongly 4 support
4 support 7 role
4 support 10 in
4 support 14 and
5 the 7 role
6 important 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 9 p.r47h
10 in 12 risk
11 ad 12 risk
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 suggest
15 suggest 16 that
16 that 20 variant
16 that 21 is
17 this 20 variant
18 rare 20 variant
19 genetic 20 variant
20 variant 21 is
21 is 22 not
21 is 24 to
22 not 23 related
24 to 25 ftd

recently , α - synuclein ( α - syn [ )(and dj - 1 , 2 proteins critically involved in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , have been shown to be present in saliva , suggesting their potential utility as biomarkers of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 shown
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 11 )(and
3 α 5 synuclein
3 α 9 syn
4 - 5 synuclein
5 synuclein 7 α
5 synuclein 8 -
6 ( 7 α
7 α 8 -
9 syn 11 )(and
11 )(and 12 dj
11 )(and 28 have
12 dj 14 1
13 - 14 1
14 1 16 2
14 1 27 ,
15 , 16 2
16 2 17 proteins
16 2 19 involved
16 2 25 pd
16 2 26 )
17 proteins 19 involved
18 critically 19 involved
19 involved 20 in
20 in 23 disease
21 parkinson 22 's
22 's 23 disease
24 ( 25 pd
25 pd 26 )
28 have 29 been
29 been 30 shown
30 shown 31 to
30 shown 34 in
31 to 32 be
32 be 33 present
34 in 35 saliva
35 saliva 37 suggesting
36 , 37 suggesting
37 suggesting 40 utility
37 suggesting 45 .
38 their 40 utility
39 potential 40 utility
40 utility 41 as
40 utility 43 of
41 as 42 biomarkers
43 of 44 pd

however , the origin and influence of demographic characteristics ( e.g [.] , age or sex ) on these proteins are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 and
3 the 4 origin
4 origin 5 and
5 and 6 influence
5 and 7 of
5 and 18 on
5 and 21 are
7 of 9 characteristics
8 demographic 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 15 or
10 ( 15 or
11 e.g 13 ,
13 , 14 age
13 , 15 or
15 or 16 sex
15 or 17 )
18 on 20 proteins
19 these 20 proteins
21 are 22 unknown

we identified cheek epithelium , which forms the majority of the cellular component of saliva and is readily accessible clinically , as 1 of several potential sources of salivary α - syn and dj - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 4 epithelium
3 cheek 4 epithelium
4 epithelium 6 which
5 , 6 which
6 which 16 and
6 which 37 .
7 forms 9 majority
7 forms 16 and
8 the 9 majority
9 majority 10 of
10 of 13 component
11 the 13 component
12 cellular 13 component
13 component 14 of
14 of 15 saliva
16 and 17 is
16 and 20 clinically
16 and 35 -
17 is 19 accessible
18 readily 19 accessible
21 , 35 -
22 as 23 1
22 as 35 -
23 1 24 of
23 1 28 of
23 1 35 -
24 of 27 sources
25 several 27 sources
26 potential 27 sources
28 of 33 and
29 salivary 32 syn
30 α 31 -
30 α 32 syn
32 syn 33 and
33 and 34 dj
35 - 36 1
35 - 37 .

however , no pd [-] related trend in the cellular component was present . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 trend
3 no 7 trend
4 pd 6 related
6 related 7 trend
7 trend 8 in
7 trend 12 was
8 in 11 component
9 the 11 component
10 cellular 11 component
12 was 13 present

in the supernatant collected from 198 healthy subjects , no correlation was seen between salivary dj [-] 1 or α - syn with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 supernatant
1 in 9 ,
1 in 11 correlation
2 the 3 supernatant
3 supernatant 4 collected
4 collected 5 from
5 from 8 subjects
6 198 8 subjects
7 healthy 8 subjects
10 no 11 correlation
11 correlation 12 was
12 was 13 seen
13 seen 14 between
13 seen 23 with
14 between 19 or
15 salivary 16 dj
16 dj 18 1
16 dj 19 or
19 or 22 syn
20 α 21 -
20 α 22 syn
23 with 24 age

when male and female subjects were analyzed separately , a weak [age] - dependent increase in dj - 1 level was present in male subjects , along with slightly increased α - syn in female subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 was
1 when 5 subjects
1 when 7 analyzed
1 when 9 ,
1 when 15 increase
2 male 3 and
3 and 4 female
3 and 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 were
6 were 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 8 separately
10 a 11 weak
10 a 15 increase
11 weak 13 -
11 weak 15 increase
14 dependent 15 increase
15 increase 16 in
15 increase 19 1
15 increase 20 level
15 increase 21 was
16 in 17 dj
18 - 19 1
19 1 20 level
21 was 22 present
22 present 23 in
23 in 25 subjects
24 male 25 subjects
25 subjects 28 with
26 , 28 with
27 along 28 with
28 with 31 α
28 with 37 .
29 slightly 30 increased
30 increased 31 α
31 α 33 syn
32 - 33 syn
33 syn 34 in
33 syn 37 .
34 in 36 subjects
35 female 36 subjects

these results , [albeit] largely negative , provide critical information for understanding the salivary gland pathology and saliva as a pd biomarker source , and must be considered in future investigations of salivary changes in pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 6 negative
2 results 25 and
3 , 6 negative
5 largely 6 negative
6 negative 7 ,
8 provide 17 and
8 provide 19 as
8 provide 25 and
9 critical 10 information
10 information 11 for
10 information 17 and
11 for 12 understanding
12 understanding 16 pathology
13 the 16 pathology
14 salivary 16 pathology
15 gland 16 pathology
17 and 18 saliva
19 as 23 source
20 a 23 source
21 pd 22 biomarker
22 biomarker 23 source
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 must
26 must 27 be
27 be 28 considered
28 considered 29 in
28 considered 35 in
29 in 31 investigations
30 future 31 investigations
31 investigations 32 of
32 of 34 changes
33 salivary 34 changes
35 in 36 pd

trinucleotide repeat disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by the expansion , beyond a pathogenic threshold , of unstable dna tracts in different genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 trinucleotide 3 disorders
2 repeat 3 disorders
3 disorders 4 are
4 are 9 diseases
5 a 7 group
6 heterogeneous 7 group
7 group 8 of
7 group 9 diseases
8 of 9 diseases
9 diseases 10 caused
10 caused 11 by
10 caused 24 in
11 by 13 expansion
12 the 13 expansion
13 expansion 15 beyond
13 expansion 20 of
14 , 15 beyond
15 beyond 18 threshold
15 beyond 19 ,
16 a 17 pathogenic
16 a 18 threshold
17 pathogenic 18 threshold
20 of 23 tracts
21 unstable 23 tracts
22 dna 23 tracts
24 in 26 genes
25 different 26 genes

sequence interruptions in the repeats have been described in the majority of these disorders and may influence disease phenotype [and] heritability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sequence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 sequence 2 interruptions
1 sequence 3 in
3 in 5 repeats
4 the 5 repeats
5 repeats 15 and
6 have 7 been
6 have 15 and
7 been 8 described
8 described 9 in
9 in 14 disorders
10 the 11 majority
11 majority 12 of
11 majority 14 disorders
12 of 14 disorders
13 these 14 disorders
15 and 16 may
15 and 21 heritability
16 may 17 influence
17 influence 18 disease
19 phenotype 21 heritability

spinal bulbar muscular atrophy ( sbma ) is a motor neuron disease caused by a cag trinucleotide expansion in the androgen receptor ( ar ) [gene] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 spinal 4 atrophy
2 bulbar 4 atrophy
3 muscular 4 atrophy
4 atrophy 6 sbma
4 atrophy 8 is
5 ( 6 sbma
6 sbma 7 )
8 is 12 disease
9 a 12 disease
10 motor 12 disease
11 neuron 12 disease
12 disease 13 caused
12 disease 14 by
12 disease 24 ar
14 by 18 expansion
15 a 18 expansion
16 cag 17 trinucleotide
17 trinucleotide 18 expansion
18 expansion 19 in
19 in 22 receptor
20 the 22 receptor
21 androgen 22 receptor
23 ( 24 ar
24 ar 25 )

diagnostic testing and previous research have relied on fragment analysis polymerase chain reaction to determine the ar cag repeat size , and have therefore not been able to assess the presence of interruptions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 diagnostic 2 testing
2 testing 3 and
3 and 5 research
3 and 6 have
4 previous 5 research
6 have 22 and
7 relied 8 on
7 relied 14 to
7 relied 22 and
8 on 13 reaction
9 fragment 11 polymerase
10 analysis 11 polymerase
11 polymerase 13 reaction
12 chain 13 reaction
14 to 15 determine
15 determine 20 size
16 the 20 size
17 ar 18 cag
18 cag 20 size
19 repeat 20 size
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 have
23 have 25 not
23 have 26 been
24 therefore 25 not
26 been 27 able
27 able 28 to
27 able 29 assess
28 to 29 assess
29 assess 31 presence
30 the 31 presence
31 presence 32 of
32 of 33 interruptions

we [here] report a sequencing study of the ar cag repeat in a cohort of sbma patients and control subjects in the united kingdom . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 18 and
3 report 6 study
3 report 12 in
3 report 18 and
4 a 6 study
5 sequencing 6 study
6 study 7 of
7 of 11 repeat
8 the 11 repeat
9 ar 10 cag
10 cag 11 repeat
12 in 14 cohort
13 a 14 cohort
14 cohort 15 of
15 of 17 patients
16 sbma 17 patients
18 and 19 control
18 and 24 kingdom
19 control 20 subjects
19 control 21 in
21 in 23 united
22 the 23 united

we found no repeat interruptions to be present , and we describe differences between sequencing and traditional sizing methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 interruptions
2 found 6 to
3 no 5 interruptions
4 repeat 5 interruptions
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 present
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 we
10 and 12 describe
11 we 12 describe
12 describe 13 differences
13 differences 14 between
13 differences 18 sizing
14 between 16 and
15 sequencing 16 and
16 and 17 traditional
18 sizing 19 methods

background : little is known about coronary plaque in human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) - infected women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 little
2 : 5 known
2 : 16 -
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 9 in
6 about 8 plaque
7 coronary 8 plaque
9 in 12 virus
10 human 11 immunodeficiency
11 immunodeficiency 12 virus
12 virus 14 hiv
13 ( 14 hiv
14 hiv 15 )
16 - 18 women
16 - 19 .
17 infected 18 women

methods : sixty hiv - infected and 30 [non] - hiv - infected women without symptoms or history of cardiovascular disease were recruited to assess coronary plaque with coronary computed tomographic angiography and immune activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 hiv
2 : 5 -
2 : 36 .
3 sixty 4 hiv
5 - 7 and
6 infected 7 and
7 and 25 assess
8 30 11 hiv
10 - 11 hiv
11 hiv 12 -
11 hiv 13 infected
13 infected 14 women
14 women 15 without
14 women 19 of
14 women 22 were
15 without 17 or
16 symptoms 17 or
17 or 18 history
19 of 21 disease
20 cardiovascular 21 disease
22 were 23 recruited
23 recruited 24 to
24 to 25 assess
25 assess 33 and
26 coronary 27 plaque
27 plaque 28 with
27 plaque 33 and
28 with 32 angiography
29 coronary 30 computed
30 computed 32 angiography
31 tomographic 32 angiography
33 and 35 activation
34 immune 35 activation

data from 102 hiv - infected men and 41 [non] - hiv - infected male controls were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 data 2 from
1 data 4 hiv
1 data 14 infected
1 data 17 were
2 from 3 102
4 hiv 8 and
4 hiv 14 infected
5 - 8 and
6 infected 7 men
7 men 8 and
8 and 12 hiv
8 and 13 -
9 41 12 hiv
11 - 12 hiv
14 infected 16 controls
15 male 16 controls
17 were 18 compared

results : hiv - infected women demonstrated significantly higher percentages of segments with noncalcified plaque ( mean ± sd , 74 % ± 28 % vs 23 % ± 39 % compared to female control subjects [;] median [ interquartile range ] [,] [75] [%] [ 63 % - 100 % []] vs 0 % [ 0 % - 56 % ] [;] p = [.] 007 [ )( more segments with noncalcified plaque ( mean ± sd , 0.92 ± 1.48 vs 0.40 ± 1.44 [;] median [ interquartile range ] , 0 [ 0 - 2 []] vs 0 [ 0 - 0 ] [;] p = . [04] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrated
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 hiv
4 - 6 women
5 infected 6 women
6 women 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 10 percentages
7 demonstrated 13 with
8 significantly 9 higher
9 higher 10 percentages
10 percentages 11 of
11 of 12 segments
13 with 15 plaque
13 with 23 ±
14 noncalcified 15 plaque
15 plaque 19 sd
16 ( 19 sd
17 mean 18 ±
18 ± 19 sd
19 sd 20 ,
21 74 23 ±
22 % 23 ±
23 ± 25 %
23 ± 35 control
24 28 25 %
25 % 26 vs
25 % 31 %
25 % 32 compared
25 % 33 to
25 % 35 control
26 vs 29 ±
27 23 28 %
28 % 29 ±
30 39 31 %
31 % 32 compared
33 to 34 female
35 control 38 median
36 subjects 38 median
38 median 41 range
38 median 49 -
39 [ 41 range
40 interquartile 41 range
41 range 42 ]
46 [ 49 -
47 63 48 %
48 % 49 -
49 - 51 %
50 100 51 %
51 % 53 vs
53 vs 55 %
54 0 55 %
55 % 58 %
55 % 61 %
55 % 65 =
56 [ 58 %
57 0 58 %
58 % 59 -
59 - 61 %
60 56 61 %
61 % 62 ]
64 p 65 =
65 = 67 007
67 007 70 more
67 007 71 segments
70 more 71 segments
71 segments 72 with
72 with 74 plaque
72 with 81 ±
73 noncalcified 74 plaque
74 plaque 78 sd
75 ( 78 sd
76 mean 77 ±
77 ± 78 sd
78 sd 79 ,
80 0.92 81 ±
81 ± 82 1.48
81 ± 83 vs
83 vs 88 median
84 0.40 88 median
85 ± 88 median
86 1.44 88 median
88 median 91 range
88 median 94 0
88 median 98 2
89 [ 91 range
90 interquartile 91 range
91 range 92 ]
93 , 94 0
94 0 96 0
94 0 97 -
95 [ 96 0
96 0 97 -
97 - 98 2
98 2 100 vs
98 2 108 p
98 2 109 =
98 2 110 .
100 vs 101 0
101 0 104 -
102 [ 104 -
103 0 104 -
104 - 105 0
104 - 106 ]
108 p 109 =

among hiv - infected women with noncalcified coronary plaque , scd163 levels were significantly higher than in hiv - infected women without noncalcified plaque ( p = [.] 04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 among
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 among 2 hiv
1 among 13 were
2 hiv 5 women
3 - 5 women
4 infected 5 women
5 women 6 with
5 women 10 ,
6 with 9 plaque
7 noncalcified 9 plaque
8 coronary 9 plaque
11 scd163 12 levels
12 levels 13 were
13 were 15 higher
14 significantly 15 higher
15 higher 16 than
16 than 17 in
17 in 18 hiv
18 hiv 21 women
19 - 21 women
20 infected 21 women
21 women 22 without
21 women 27 =
21 women 30 )
22 without 24 plaque
23 noncalcified 24 plaque
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 29 04

in multivariate modeling for scd163 levels among male and female subjects , significant effects of hiv ( p < [.] 0001 ) , age ( p = [.] 002 ) , and sex ( p = [.] 0002 ) were seen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 2 multivariate
1 in 3 modeling
3 modeling 4 for
3 modeling 6 levels
4 for 5 scd163
6 levels 7 among
7 among 11 subjects
8 male 9 and
9 and 10 female
9 and 11 subjects
12 , 32 and
12 , 41 seen
13 significant 14 effects
14 effects 15 of
14 effects 32 and
15 of 16 hiv
16 hiv 19 <
16 hiv 24 age
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 21 0001
19 < 22 )
23 , 24 age
24 age 27 =
24 age 31 ,
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 29 002
27 = 30 )
32 and 33 sex
32 and 36 =
32 and 40 were
34 ( 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 38 0002
36 = 39 )
40 were 41 seen

conclusions : young , asymptomatic , hiv - infected women , demonstrate increased noncalcified coronary plaque and increased immune activation , particularly monocyte activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 young
4 , 7 hiv
4 , 17 and
4 , 21 ,
5 asymptomatic 6 ,
5 asymptomatic 7 hiv
7 hiv 10 women
7 hiv 17 and
8 - 10 women
9 infected 10 women
10 women 11 ,
12 demonstrate 16 plaque
12 demonstrate 17 and
13 increased 16 plaque
14 noncalcified 16 plaque
15 coronary 16 plaque
17 and 18 increased
18 increased 20 activation
19 immune 20 activation
21 , 24 activation
22 particularly 23 monocyte
23 monocyte 24 activation

independent effects of sex , hiv status , and aging on immune activation may contribute to cardiovascular disease in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 independent 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 14 may
3 of 9 and
4 sex 5 ,
5 , 7 status
5 , 9 and
6 hiv 7 status
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 aging
9 and 11 on
11 on 13 activation
12 immune 13 activation
14 may 15 contribute
15 contribute 16 to
15 contribute 19 in
16 to 18 disease
17 cardiovascular 18 disease
19 in 21 population
20 this 21 population

clinical trials registration : nct00455793 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 registration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 clinical 2 trials
2 trials 3 registration
3 registration 4 :
4 : 5 nct00455793

background : normative values for fractional exhaled nitric oxide ( feno ) and the associated co - factors are important in understanding the role of feno as a biomarker in airway disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 values
3 normative 4 values
4 values 5 for
5 for 9 oxide
6 fractional 9 oxide
7 exhaled 9 oxide
8 nitric 9 oxide
9 oxide 11 feno
10 ( 11 feno
11 feno 12 )
13 and 18 factors
13 and 19 are
14 the 18 factors
15 associated 18 factors
16 co 17 -
16 co 18 factors
18 factors 19 are
19 are 20 important
20 important 21 in
20 important 27 as
21 in 22 understanding
22 understanding 24 role
23 the 24 role
24 role 25 of
25 of 26 feno
27 as 32 disease
28 a 30 in
29 biomarker 30 in
30 in 32 disease
31 airway 32 disease

the objective of this study is to establish reference feno values for youth and adult asymptomatic , lifetime nonsmokers in the united states , [and] to describe the factors affecting these levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 establish
7 to 8 establish
8 establish 11 values
9 reference 11 values
10 feno 11 values
11 values 12 for
12 for 14 and
13 youth 14 and
14 and 19 nonsmokers
14 and 20 in
15 adult 19 nonsmokers
16 asymptomatic 17 ,
16 asymptomatic 19 nonsmokers
18 lifetime 19 nonsmokers
20 in 23 states
21 the 23 states
22 united 23 states
24 , 26 to
24 , 27 describe
26 to 27 describe
27 describe 29 factors
28 the 29 factors
29 factors 30 affecting
30 affecting 32 levels
31 these 32 levels

methods : cross - sectional analyses of the national health and nutrition examination survey from 2007 to 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 11 and
4 - 19 .
5 sectional 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 of
6 analyses 11 and
7 of 10 health
8 the 10 health
9 national 10 health
11 and 14 survey
12 nutrition 13 examination
13 examination 14 survey
14 survey 17 to
15 from 17 to
16 2007 17 to
17 to 18 2010

the analytic sample consisted of 4718 youth and adults , ages 6 - 79 years , who were lifelong nonsmokers , and free of asthma , and other respiratory conditions and symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 sample
2 analytic 3 sample
3 sample 10 ,
4 consisted 5 of
4 consisted 10 ,
5 of 8 and
6 4718 7 youth
7 youth 8 and
8 and 9 adults
10 , 11 ages
11 ages 15 years
12 6 13 -
13 - 14 79
13 - 15 years
16 , 17 who
16 , 18 were
17 who 18 were
18 were 31 and
19 lifelong 20 nonsmokers
20 nonsmokers 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 free
22 and 24 of
22 and 27 and
24 of 25 asthma
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 conditions
27 and 31 and
28 other 30 conditions
29 respiratory 30 conditions
31 and 32 symptoms

loge feno values were used as dependent variables to test associations of demographic and health related - covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 loge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 covariates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 loge 16 related
1 loge 18 covariates
2 feno 3 values
2 feno 4 were
2 feno 5 used
3 values 4 were
5 used 8 variables
5 used 9 to
5 used 10 test
6 as 7 dependent
7 dependent 8 variables
9 to 10 test
10 test 11 associations
10 test 16 related
11 associations 12 of
11 associations 16 related
12 of 14 and
13 demographic 14 and
14 and 15 health
16 related 17 -

multivariable regression models were used to assess the independent effect and covariate - adjusted contribution of the factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 multivariable 3 models
2 regression 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 assess
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 11 and
8 the 10 effect
9 independent 10 effect
10 effect 11 and
11 and 15 contribution
11 and 16 of
12 covariate 13 -
12 covariate 15 contribution
14 adjusted 15 contribution
16 of 18 factors
17 the 18 factors

results : the geometric mean feno level was 8.3 , 12.1 , and 16.2 ppb for males 6 - 11 , 12 - 19 , and 20 - 79 years , [and] 8.4 , 10.9 , and 12.6 ppb for females in the corresponding age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
2 : 7 level
2 : 8 was
2 : 13 and
2 : 19 -
2 : 26 and
3 the 7 level
4 geometric 7 level
5 mean 7 level
6 feno 7 level
7 level 8 was
8 was 9 8.3
9 8.3 11 12.1
10 , 11 12.1
11 12.1 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 16.2
13 and 15 ppb
14 16.2 15 ppb
15 ppb 16 for
16 for 17 males
17 males 18 6
18 6 19 -
19 - 20 11
20 11 23 -
21 , 23 -
22 12 23 -
23 - 24 19
23 - 25 ,
26 and 37 and
26 and 45 age
27 20 28 -
28 - 29 79
28 - 30 years
30 years 33 8.4
30 years 35 10.9
30 years 37 and
31 , 33 8.4
33 8.4 34 ,
34 , 35 10.9
35 10.9 36 ,
37 and 39 ppb
37 and 40 for
37 and 42 in
37 and 45 age
38 12.6 39 ppb
40 for 41 females
42 in 44 corresponding
43 the 44 corresponding
45 age 46 groups

overall , feno levels increased with increasing age ( p < 0.001 ) , and height ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 overall 4 levels
1 overall 15 and
2 , 4 levels
3 feno 4 levels
4 levels 5 increased
4 levels 13 )
5 increased 6 with
6 with 7 increasing
7 increasing 8 age
8 age 11 <
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.001
11 < 13 )
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 height
15 and 19 <
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.001
19 < 21 )

in all age groups , feno levels were positively associated with eosinophil counts , and with testing in the morning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 4 groups
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 levels
2 all 4 groups
3 age 4 groups
6 feno 7 levels
7 levels 8 were
8 were 10 associated
9 positively 10 associated
10 associated 15 and
10 associated 18 in
11 with 13 counts
11 with 15 and
12 eosinophil 13 counts
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 with
16 with 17 testing
18 in 20 morning
19 the 20 morning

among youths 6 - 11 and 12 - 19 years , [non] - hispanics whites had lower feno values than [non] - hispanic blacks and hispanic youths . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 whites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 among 2 youths
1 among 15 whites
2 youths 3 6
2 youths 6 and
4 - 6 and
5 11 6 and
6 and 7 12
6 and 10 years
6 and 13 -
8 - 10 years
9 19 10 years
10 years 11 ,
14 hispanics 15 whites
15 whites 16 had
16 had 19 values
16 had 20 than
17 lower 19 values
18 feno 19 values
22 - 25 and
23 hispanic 24 blacks
24 blacks 25 and
25 and 27 youths
26 hispanic 27 youths

no race [-] ethnic difference in feno levels was evident for adults 20 - 79 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 no 5 difference
2 race 5 difference
4 ethnic 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
5 difference 9 was
6 in 8 levels
7 feno 8 levels
9 was 10 evident
10 evident 11 for
11 for 12 adults
12 adults 13 20
12 adults 16 years
14 - 16 years
15 79 16 years
16 years 17 .

among adolescents and adults , feno levels were higher for males than for females , controlling for all other factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
1 among 3 and
1 among 5 ,
1 among 7 levels
2 adolescents 3 and
3 and 4 adults
6 feno 7 levels
7 levels 8 were
8 were 9 higher
9 higher 10 for
9 higher 12 than
10 for 11 males
12 than 13 for
13 for 14 females
14 females 16 controlling
15 , 16 controlling
16 controlling 17 for
16 controlling 20 factors
16 controlling 21 .
17 for 18 all
19 other 20 factors

conclusions : these reference values and associated attributes in youths and adults are useful in evaluating the role of feno in airway diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 and
2 : 13 are
2 : 24 .
3 these 5 values
4 reference 5 values
5 values 6 and
6 and 8 attributes
6 and 9 in
6 and 13 are
7 associated 8 attributes
9 in 11 and
10 youths 11 and
11 and 12 adults
13 are 14 useful
14 useful 15 in
15 in 16 evaluating
16 evaluating 18 role
16 evaluating 21 in
17 the 18 role
18 role 19 of
19 of 20 feno
21 in 23 diseases
22 airway 23 diseases

with aging , a general decline [in] immune function is observed leading to immune - senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 with 2 aging
1 with 3 ,
1 with 9 function
4 a 5 general
4 a 9 function
5 general 6 decline
6 decline 9 function
8 immune 9 function
9 function 10 is
10 is 12 leading
11 observed 12 leading
12 leading 13 to
13 to 16 senescence
14 immune 15 -
14 immune 16 senescence

several of these changes are gender specific [affecting] postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 several 2 of
1 several 5 are
2 of 4 changes
3 these 4 changes
5 are 10 women
6 gender 10 women
7 specific 10 women
9 postmenopausal 10 women

menopause is a normal part of a woman 's lifecycle and consists of a series of body changes that can last from one to ten years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 menopause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 menopause 11 and
2 is 5 part
2 is 11 and
3 a 5 part
4 normal 5 part
5 part 6 of
6 of 10 lifecycle
7 a 8 woman
8 woman 9 's
9 's 10 lifecycle
11 and 12 consists
12 consists 13 of
13 of 15 series
14 a 15 series
15 series 16 of
15 series 19 that
15 series 20 can
16 of 18 changes
17 body 18 changes
19 that 20 can
20 can 21 last
21 last 26 years
22 from 24 to
23 one 24 to
24 to 25 ten
24 to 26 years

it is known that loss of sex hormones due to aging results in a reduction of immune functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 that
4 that 5 loss
4 that 12 results
5 loss 6 of
5 loss 12 results
6 of 8 hormones
7 sex 8 hormones
8 hormones 9 due
9 due 10 to
10 to 11 aging
12 results 13 in
13 in 15 reduction
14 a 15 reduction
15 reduction 16 of
16 of 18 functions
17 immune 18 functions

however , there remains [a] major [gap] in our understanding regarding the loss of immune functions particularly in the female reproductive [tract] ( frt ) following menopause and the role of menopausal hormone therapy ( mht ) in protecting against immune senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 major
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 remains
3 there 4 remains
4 remains 6 major
6 major 8 in
8 in 10 understanding
9 our 10 understanding
10 understanding 11 regarding
11 regarding 13 loss
11 regarding 17 particularly
12 the 13 loss
13 loss 14 of
14 of 16 functions
15 immune 16 functions
17 particularly 18 in
18 in 28 and
19 the 27 menopause
20 female 27 menopause
21 reproductive 24 frt
21 reproductive 26 following
23 ( 24 frt
24 frt 25 )
26 following 27 menopause
27 menopause 28 and
28 and 30 role
28 and 40 against
29 the 30 role
30 role 31 of
30 role 38 in
31 of 34 therapy
32 menopausal 34 therapy
33 hormone 34 therapy
34 therapy 36 mht
35 ( 36 mht
36 mht 37 )
38 in 39 protecting
40 against 42 senescence
41 immune 42 senescence

the current review presents an overview of changes in the immune system due to aging , focusing on genital tract immunity in menopausal women and the risks and benefits of using mht . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 presents
1 the 3 review
2 current 3 review
3 review 4 presents
4 presents 6 overview
4 presents 17 focusing
5 an 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
7 of 8 changes
8 changes 9 in
8 changes 14 to
9 in 12 system
10 the 12 system
11 immune 12 system
13 due 14 to
14 to 15 aging
16 , 17 focusing
17 focusing 18 on
17 focusing 22 in
17 focusing 33 .
18 on 21 immunity
19 genital 20 tract
20 tract 21 immunity
22 in 28 and
23 menopausal 24 women
24 women 25 and
25 and 27 risks
25 and 28 and
26 the 27 risks
28 and 29 benefits
28 and 33 .
29 benefits 30 of
30 of 31 using
31 using 32 mht

this article is part of a special issue entitled ['] menopause ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 4 part
4 part 5 of
5 of 8 issue
6 a 8 issue
7 special 8 issue
8 issue 9 entitled
9 entitled 11 menopause

prelamin a accumulation causes nuclear abnormalities , impairs nuclear functions , and eventually promotes cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 prelamin 2 a
1 prelamin 3 accumulation
3 accumulation 7 ,
4 causes 6 abnormalities
4 causes 7 ,
5 nuclear 6 abnormalities
7 , 12 and
8 impairs 10 functions
8 impairs 12 and
9 nuclear 10 functions
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 promotes
13 eventually 14 promotes
14 promotes 16 senescence
15 cellular 16 senescence

however , the underlying mechanism of how prelamin a promotes cellular senescence is still poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 mechanism
3 the 5 mechanism
4 underlying 5 mechanism
5 mechanism 6 of
5 mechanism 13 is
6 of 7 how
7 how 8 prelamin
7 how 10 promotes
8 prelamin 9 a
8 prelamin 10 promotes
10 promotes 12 senescence
11 cellular 12 senescence
13 is 16 understood
14 still 16 understood
15 poorly 16 understood

here we carried out a yeast two [-] hybrid screen using a human skeletal muscle cdna library to search for prelamin a binding partners , and identified fam96b as a prelamin a binding partner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 26 and
3 carried 4 out
3 carried 10 screen
3 carried 11 using
3 carried 26 and
5 a 10 screen
6 yeast 10 screen
7 two 9 hybrid
9 hybrid 10 screen
11 using 17 library
11 using 18 to
11 using 20 for
12 a 13 human
12 a 17 library
13 human 15 muscle
14 skeletal 15 muscle
15 muscle 17 library
16 cdna 17 library
18 to 19 search
20 for 21 prelamin
21 prelamin 22 a
21 prelamin 23 binding
21 prelamin 24 partners
23 binding 24 partners
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 identified
26 and 29 as
27 identified 28 fam96b
29 as 34 partner
30 a 34 partner
31 prelamin 32 a
31 prelamin 33 binding
33 binding 34 partner

the interaction of fam96b with prelamin a was confirmed by gst [pull] - down and co - immunoprecipitation experiments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 the 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 of
2 interaction 8 was
3 of 4 fam96b
4 fam96b 5 with
5 with 6 prelamin
6 prelamin 7 a
8 was 9 confirmed
9 confirmed 10 by
10 by 11 gst
11 gst 15 and
13 - 15 and
14 down 15 and
15 and 16 co
15 and 17 -
17 - 18 immunoprecipitation
17 - 19 experiments
17 - 20 .
18 immunoprecipitation 19 experiments

furthermore , co - localization experiments by fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that fam96b colocalized with prelamin a in hek - 293 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 localization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 localization
3 co 4 -
3 co 5 localization
5 localization 6 experiments
6 experiments 7 by
7 by 10 microscopy
8 fluorescent 10 microscopy
9 confocal 10 microscopy
10 microscopy 11 revealed
10 microscopy 12 that
10 microscopy 14 colocalized
12 that 13 fam96b
12 that 14 colocalized
13 fam96b 14 colocalized
14 colocalized 15 with
14 colocalized 18 in
15 with 16 prelamin
16 prelamin 17 a
18 in 19 hek
20 - 22 cells
20 - 23 .
21 293 22 cells

taken together , our data demonstrated the physical interaction between fam96b and prelamin a , which may provide some clues to the mechanisms of prelamin a in premature aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 data
4 our 5 data
5 data 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 9 interaction
6 demonstrated 10 between
7 the 9 interaction
8 physical 9 interaction
10 between 12 and
11 fam96b 12 and
12 and 13 prelamin
13 prelamin 14 a
15 , 16 which
15 , 18 provide
16 which 17 may
17 may 18 provide
18 provide 20 clues
18 provide 21 to
18 provide 27 in
19 some 20 clues
21 to 23 mechanisms
22 the 23 mechanisms
23 mechanisms 24 of
24 of 25 prelamin
25 prelamin 26 a
27 in 29 aging
28 premature 29 aging

oxidative stress is considered to be critically involved in the normal aging process but also in the development and progression of various human pathologies like cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases , as well as of infections and malignant tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 is
3 is 4 considered
4 considered 5 to
4 considered 8 involved
5 to 6 be
6 be 8 involved
7 critically 8 involved
8 involved 9 in
8 involved 16 in
8 involved 25 like
8 involved 32 well
8 involved 34 of
9 in 13 process
10 the 13 process
11 normal 13 process
12 aging 13 process
13 process 14 but
14 but 15 also
16 in 19 and
17 the 18 development
18 development 19 and
19 and 20 progression
19 and 21 of
21 of 24 pathologies
22 various 24 pathologies
23 human 24 pathologies
25 like 27 and
26 cardiovascular 27 and
27 and 29 diseases
27 and 30 ,
28 neurodegenerative 29 diseases
31 as 32 well
33 as 34 of
34 of 36 and
35 infections 36 and
36 and 38 tumors
37 malignant 38 tumors

these pathological conditions involve an overwhelming production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , which are released as part of an anti - proliferative strategy [during] pro - inflammatory immune responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 involve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 3 conditions
2 pathological 3 conditions
3 conditions 4 involve
4 involve 7 production
5 an 7 production
6 overwhelming 7 production
7 production 8 of
8 of 11 species
9 reactive 10 oxygen
10 oxygen 11 species
11 species 13 ros
11 species 16 which
12 ( 13 ros
13 ros 14 )
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 are
16 which 29 -
17 are 18 released
18 released 19 as
19 as 20 part
20 part 21 of
21 of 28 pro
22 an 23 anti
22 an 28 pro
23 anti 24 -
23 anti 26 strategy
25 proliferative 26 strategy
26 strategy 28 pro
29 - 32 responses
30 inflammatory 32 responses
31 immune 32 responses

moreover , ros themselves are autocrine forward regulators of the immune response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ros
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 ros
3 ros 5 are
4 themselves 5 are
5 are 8 regulators
6 autocrine 8 regulators
7 forward 8 regulators
8 regulators 9 of
9 of 12 response
10 the 12 response
11 immune 12 response

most of the beneficial effects of antioxidants are considered to derive from their influence on the immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 5 effects
2 of 5 effects
3 the 5 effects
4 beneficial 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 8 are
6 of 7 antioxidants
8 are 9 considered
9 considered 10 to
9 considered 11 derive
10 to 11 derive
11 derive 12 from
11 derive 15 on
12 from 14 influence
13 their 14 influence
15 on 18 system
16 the 18 system
17 immune 18 system

due to their antioxidant [and/or] radical scavenging nature , phytochemicals , botanicals and herbal preparations can be of great importance to prevent oxidation processes and to counteract the activation of redox - regulated signaling pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 botanicals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 4 antioxidant
2 to 8 nature
3 their 4 antioxidant
6 radical 7 scavenging
7 scavenging 8 nature
8 nature 10 phytochemicals
8 nature 12 botanicals
9 , 10 phytochemicals
10 phytochemicals 11 ,
13 and 15 preparations
13 and 17 be
14 herbal 15 preparations
15 preparations 16 can
16 can 17 be
17 be 18 of
17 be 21 to
18 of 20 importance
19 great 20 importance
21 to 25 and
22 prevent 24 processes
22 prevent 25 and
23 oxidation 24 processes
25 and 26 to
25 and 27 counteract
26 to 27 counteract
27 counteract 29 activation
28 the 29 activation
29 activation 30 of
30 of 35 pathways
31 redox 32 -
31 redox 35 pathways
33 regulated 35 pathways
34 signaling 35 pathways

antioxidants can antagonize the activation of t - cells and macrophages during the immune response and this anti - inflammatory activity could be of utmost importance for the treatment of above [-] mentioned disorders and for the development of immunotolerance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 antioxidants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 antagonize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 antioxidants 2 can
2 can 3 antagonize
3 antagonize 5 activation
4 the 5 activation
5 activation 6 of
6 of 7 t
8 - 16 and
8 - 23 be
8 - 41 .
9 cells 10 and
10 and 11 macrophages
10 and 12 during
10 and 16 and
12 during 15 response
13 the 15 response
14 immune 15 response
16 and 21 activity
16 and 22 could
17 this 21 activity
18 anti 19 -
18 anti 21 activity
20 inflammatory 21 activity
22 could 23 be
23 be 24 of
24 of 26 importance
25 utmost 26 importance
26 importance 35 and
27 for 29 treatment
27 for 35 and
28 the 29 treatment
29 treatment 30 of
30 of 31 above
31 above 34 disorders
33 mentioned 34 disorders
35 and 36 for
36 for 38 development
37 the 38 development
38 development 39 of
39 of 40 immunotolerance

herein , we provide an overview of in [vitro] assays for the measurement of antioxidant and anti - inflammatory activities of plant [-] derived substances and extracts , by discussing possibilities and limitations of these methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 herein 2 ,
1 herein 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 6 overview
5 an 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
6 overview 11 for
6 overview 14 of
6 overview 21 of
7 of 8 in
8 in 10 assays
11 for 13 measurement
12 the 13 measurement
14 of 16 and
15 antioxidant 16 and
16 and 20 activities
17 anti 18 -
17 anti 20 activities
19 inflammatory 20 activities
21 of 32 and
22 plant 24 derived
24 derived 25 substances
25 substances 26 and
26 and 27 extracts
26 and 28 ,
26 and 29 by
26 and 32 and
29 by 30 discussing
30 discussing 31 possibilities
32 and 33 limitations
32 and 34 of
34 of 36 methods
35 these 36 methods

to determine the capacity of antioxidants , the oxygen radical absorbance capacity [(] orac [ )(assay and the cell - based antioxidant activity ( caa ) [assay] are widely applied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 to 2 determine
1 to 7 ,
1 to 17 and
2 determine 4 capacity
3 the 4 capacity
4 capacity 5 of
5 of 6 antioxidants
8 the 16 )(assay
9 oxygen 12 capacity
10 radical 12 capacity
11 absorbance 12 capacity
12 capacity 16 )(assay
14 orac 16 )(assay
16 )(assay 17 and
17 and 19 cell
17 and 23 activity
17 and 28 are
18 the 19 cell
20 - 23 activity
21 based 23 activity
22 antioxidant 23 activity
23 activity 25 caa
23 activity 26 )
24 ( 25 caa
25 caa 26 )
28 are 30 applied
29 widely 30 applied

to examine the influence of compounds on the human immune response more closely , the model of mitogen stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear ( pbmc ) cells can be applied , and the production of the inflammatory marker neopterin as well as the breakdown of the amino acid tryptophan in culture supernatants can be used as readout to indicate an immunomodulatory potential of the tested compound . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 67 .
1 to 2 examine
2 examine 4 influence
2 examine 7 on
2 examine 13 closely
3 the 4 influence
4 influence 5 of
5 of 6 compounds
7 on 11 response
8 the 11 response
9 human 11 response
10 immune 11 response
12 more 13 closely
14 , 29 be
15 the 16 model
16 model 17 of
16 model 28 can
17 of 27 cells
18 mitogen 19 stimulated
19 stimulated 20 human
20 human 27 cells
21 peripheral 22 blood
22 blood 27 cells
23 mononuclear 25 pbmc
23 mononuclear 26 )
23 mononuclear 27 cells
24 ( 25 pbmc
25 pbmc 26 )
28 can 29 be
29 be 32 and
30 applied 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 59 indicate
33 the 34 production
34 production 35 of
34 production 53 can
35 of 39 neopterin
36 the 39 neopterin
37 inflammatory 39 neopterin
38 marker 39 neopterin
39 neopterin 40 as
39 neopterin 45 of
39 neopterin 48 acid
39 neopterin 52 supernatants
40 as 41 well
41 well 42 as
42 as 44 breakdown
43 the 44 breakdown
45 of 47 amino
46 the 47 amino
48 acid 49 tryptophan
48 acid 52 supernatants
49 tryptophan 50 in
50 in 51 culture
53 can 54 be
54 be 55 used
55 used 56 as
55 used 58 to
56 as 57 readout
58 to 59 indicate
59 indicate 62 potential
60 an 62 potential
61 immunomodulatory 62 potential
62 potential 63 of
63 of 66 compound
64 the 66 compound
65 tested 66 compound

these two biomarkers of immune system activation are robust and [correlate] with the course of cardiovascular , neurodegenerative and malignant tumor diseases [,] but also with the normal aging process , and they are strongly predictive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 2 two
2 two 3 biomarkers
3 biomarkers 4 of
3 biomarkers 8 are
4 of 7 activation
5 immune 6 system
6 system 7 activation
8 are 9 robust
10 and 22 diseases
10 and 34 are
12 with 14 course
12 with 22 diseases
13 the 14 course
14 course 15 of
15 of 19 and
16 cardiovascular 17 ,
17 , 18 neurodegenerative
17 , 19 and
19 and 21 tumor
20 malignant 21 tumor
22 diseases 24 but
22 diseases 26 with
22 diseases 29 aging
22 diseases 34 are
24 but 25 also
26 with 28 normal
27 the 28 normal
29 aging 32 and
30 process 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 they
34 are 35 strongly
34 are 36 predictive

thus , while the simpler orac and caa assays provide insight into one peculiar chemical aspect , namely the neutralization of peroxyl radicals [,] the more complex pbmc assay is closer to [the] in vivo conditions as the assay comprehensively enlights several properties of immunomodulatory test compounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 9 assays
3 while 7 and
3 while 9 assays
4 the 6 orac
5 simpler 6 orac
6 orac 7 and
7 and 8 caa
9 assays 10 provide
10 provide 11 insight
10 provide 12 into
12 into 16 aspect
13 one 16 aspect
14 peculiar 16 aspect
15 chemical 16 aspect
17 , 20 neutralization
17 , 46 test
18 namely 20 neutralization
19 the 20 neutralization
20 neutralization 21 of
20 neutralization 36 conditions
21 of 23 radicals
22 peroxyl 23 radicals
23 radicals 29 assay
23 radicals 32 to
25 the 29 assay
26 more 27 complex
27 complex 29 assay
28 pbmc 29 assay
29 assay 30 is
30 is 31 closer
31 closer 32 to
34 in 35 vivo
35 vivo 36 conditions
36 conditions 37 as
36 conditions 40 comprehensively
36 conditions 41 enlights
37 as 39 assay
38 the 39 assay
41 enlights 42 several
41 enlights 43 properties
41 enlights 46 test
43 properties 44 of
43 properties 46 test
44 of 45 immunomodulatory
46 test 47 compounds

background : the ability to measure surgical quality of care is important and can lead to improvements in patient safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 ability
2 : 13 and
2 : 21 .
3 the 4 ability
4 ability 5 to
4 ability 6 measure
4 ability 13 and
5 to 6 measure
6 measure 8 quality
7 surgical 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 10 care
11 is 12 important
11 is 13 and
13 and 14 can
13 and 18 in
14 can 15 lead
15 lead 16 to
16 to 17 improvements
18 in 20 safety
19 patient 20 safety

as such [,] processes should be carried out in an identical fashion for all patients , regardless of how [vulnerable] or complex they are . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 as 4 processes
1 as 7 carried
1 as 16 ,
1 as 23 they
2 such 4 processes
4 processes 5 should
5 should 6 be
6 be 7 carried
7 carried 8 out
7 carried 9 in
9 in 12 fashion
10 an 11 identical
10 an 12 fashion
11 identical 12 fashion
12 fashion 13 for
13 for 15 patients
14 all 15 patients
17 regardless 18 of
18 of 21 or
18 of 23 they
19 how 21 or
21 or 22 complex
23 they 24 are

our objectives were to assess quality of surgical care delivered to elderly patients and to determine the association between patient characteristics and quality of care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 objectives
2 objectives 14 and
3 were 4 to
3 were 5 assess
3 were 14 and
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 6 quality
6 quality 7 of
7 of 9 care
8 surgical 9 care
9 care 10 delivered
10 delivered 11 to
11 to 13 patients
12 elderly 13 patients
14 and 15 to
14 and 16 determine
14 and 19 between
15 to 16 determine
16 determine 18 association
17 the 18 association
19 between 22 and
20 patient 21 characteristics
21 characteristics 22 and
22 and 23 quality
22 and 24 of
24 of 25 care

study design : this is a retrospective pilot cohort study , conducted in a single university - affiliated hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 study 2 design
3 : 4 this
3 : 5 is
3 : 17 -
4 this 5 is
5 is 10 study
6 a 7 retrospective
6 a 10 study
7 retrospective 8 pilot
8 pilot 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 study
10 study 12 conducted
11 , 12 conducted
12 conducted 13 in
12 conducted 17 -
13 in 16 university
14 a 16 university
15 single 16 university
17 - 19 hospital
17 - 20 .
18 affiliated 19 hospital

using the institution 's national surgical quality improvement program ( nsqip ) database ( 2009 to 2010 ) , 143 consecutive patients 65 years or older , undergoing [elective] major abdominal surgery , were selected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 using 13 database
1 using 19 ,
1 using 25 or
2 the 3 institution
3 institution 4 's
4 's 13 database
5 national 6 surgical
6 surgical 7 quality
7 quality 13 database
8 improvement 9 program
9 program 11 nsqip
10 ( 11 nsqip
11 nsqip 12 )
11 nsqip 13 database
13 database 16 to
14 ( 16 to
15 2009 16 to
16 to 17 2010
16 to 18 )
20 143 24 years
21 consecutive 22 patients
22 patients 24 years
23 65 24 years
24 years 25 or
25 or 28 undergoing
25 or 33 ,
26 older 27 ,
26 older 28 undergoing
30 major 32 surgery
30 major 33 ,
31 abdominal 32 surgery
33 , 34 were
34 were 35 selected

adherence to 15 process - based quality indicators ( qis ) was measured , and a pass rate was calculated for each individual qi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adherence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 adherence 2 to
1 adherence 12 was
2 to 4 process
3 15 4 process
4 process 8 indicators
5 - 8 indicators
6 based 7 quality
7 quality 8 indicators
8 indicators 10 qis
8 indicators 11 )
9 ( 10 qis
10 qis 11 )
12 was 13 measured
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 rate
15 and 20 calculated
16 a 18 rate
17 pass 18 rate
18 rate 19 was
19 was 20 calculated
20 calculated 21 for
21 for 24 qi
22 each 24 qi
23 individual 24 qi

the association between patient characteristics ( age , sex , charlson comorbidity index , functional status , wound class ) and patient quality score [was] assessed using multiple linear regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 21 and
3 between 5 characteristics
4 patient 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 7 age
5 characteristics 9 sex
5 characteristics 13 index
6 ( 7 age
7 age 8 ,
8 , 9 sex
9 sex 10 ,
10 , 13 index
11 charlson 12 comorbidity
12 comorbidity 13 index
13 index 16 status
13 index 19 class
13 index 20 )
14 , 16 status
15 functional 16 status
16 status 17 ,
17 , 19 class
18 wound 19 class
19 class 20 )
21 and 24 score
21 and 26 assessed
21 and 27 using
22 patient 23 quality
23 quality 24 score
27 using 30 regression
28 multiple 30 regression
29 linear 30 regression

results : quality indicators with the lowest pass rates included postoperative delirium screening ( 0 % ) , level of care documentation ( 0.7 % ) , cognition and functional assessment at discharge ( 4.9 % ) , oral intake documentation ( 12.6 % ) , and pressure ulcer risk assessment ( 35.0 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 47 and
3 quality 4 indicators
4 indicators 5 with
4 indicators 27 ,
5 with 7 lowest
6 the 7 lowest
7 lowest 9 rates
7 lowest 13 screening
7 lowest 16 %
7 lowest 19 level
8 pass 9 rates
9 rates 10 included
10 included 12 delirium
11 postoperative 12 delirium
12 delirium 13 screening
14 ( 16 %
15 0 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 , 19 level
19 level 20 of
19 level 26 )
20 of 22 documentation
21 care 22 documentation
22 documentation 25 %
23 ( 25 %
24 0.7 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 , 28 cognition
27 , 29 and
29 and 31 assessment
29 and 32 at
29 and 47 and
30 functional 31 assessment
32 at 33 discharge
33 discharge 36 %
33 discharge 41 documentation
34 ( 36 %
35 4.9 36 %
36 % 37 )
38 , 41 documentation
39 oral 40 intake
40 intake 41 documentation
41 documentation 44 %
41 documentation 45 )
42 ( 44 %
43 12.6 44 %
44 % 45 )
46 , 47 and
47 and 51 assessment
47 and 54 %
48 pressure 49 ulcer
49 ulcer 51 assessment
50 risk 51 assessment
52 ( 54 %
53 35.0 54 %
54 % 55 )

the mean patient quality score was 46.8 % ± 10.7 [%] ( range 16.7 [%] to 75.0 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 5 score
2 mean 4 quality
3 patient 4 quality
4 quality 5 score
5 score 6 was
6 was 9 ±
7 46.8 8 %
8 % 9 ±
9 ± 10 10.7
9 ± 13 range
12 ( 13 range
13 range 14 16.7
13 range 16 to
13 range 19 )
16 to 18 %
17 75.0 18 %

no association was found between patient characteristics and patient quality score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 no 2 association
2 association 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 between
5 between 8 and
6 patient 7 characteristics
7 characteristics 8 and
8 and 11 score
9 patient 10 quality
10 quality 11 score

conclusions : quality of care delivered to elderly patients undergoing major surgery at our institution was generally poor and independent of patient characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 quality
2 : 6 delivered
2 : 24 .
3 quality 4 of
3 quality 6 delivered
4 of 5 care
6 delivered 7 to
7 to 9 patients
8 elderly 9 patients
9 patients 10 undergoing
9 patients 16 was
9 patients 21 of
10 undergoing 12 surgery
10 undergoing 13 at
10 undergoing 16 was
11 major 12 surgery
13 at 15 institution
14 our 15 institution
16 was 17 generally
16 was 19 and
18 poor 19 and
19 and 20 independent
21 of 23 characteristics
22 patient 23 characteristics

although quality appears to be uniform across different patients , these results provide targets for quality improvement initiatives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 although 2 quality
1 although 3 appears
1 although 10 ,
1 although 12 results
2 quality 3 appears
3 appears 4 to
3 appears 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 uniform
6 uniform 7 across
7 across 9 patients
8 different 9 patients
11 these 12 results
12 results 13 provide
13 provide 14 targets
14 targets 15 for
15 for 18 initiatives
16 quality 18 initiatives
17 improvement 18 initiatives

a decline in the mitochondrial functions and aging are two closely related processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 decline
2 decline 3 in
2 decline 6 functions
3 in 5 mitochondrial
4 the 5 mitochondrial
7 and 8 aging
7 and 9 are
8 aging 9 are
9 are 13 processes
10 two 13 processes
11 closely 12 related
12 related 13 processes

the presence of estrogen and androgen receptors and hormone - responsive elements in the mitochondria represents the starting point for the investigation of the effects of 17β - estradiol and testosterone on the mitochondrial functions and their relationships with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 16 represents
3 of 5 and
4 estrogen 5 and
5 and 12 elements
5 and 13 in
6 androgen 7 receptors
7 receptors 8 and
8 and 9 hormone
8 and 10 -
8 and 12 elements
11 responsive 12 elements
13 in 15 mitochondria
14 the 15 mitochondria
16 represents 19 point
16 represents 20 for
16 represents 32 on
17 the 19 point
18 starting 19 point
20 for 30 and
21 the 22 investigation
22 investigation 23 of
22 investigation 26 of
22 investigation 30 and
23 of 25 effects
24 the 25 effects
26 of 29 estradiol
27 17β 28 -
27 17β 29 estradiol
30 and 31 testosterone
32 on 36 and
33 the 35 functions
34 mitochondrial 35 functions
35 functions 36 and
36 and 38 relationships
37 their 38 relationships
38 relationships 39 with
39 with 40 aging

both steroids trigger a complex molecular mechanism that involves crosstalk between the mitochondria , nucleus , and plasma membrane , and the cytoskeleton plays a key role in these interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 steroids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trigger
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 both 2 steroids
2 steroids 3 trigger
3 trigger 7 mechanism
4 a 7 mechanism
5 complex 7 mechanism
6 molecular 7 mechanism
7 mechanism 8 that
7 mechanism 9 involves
7 mechanism 17 and
8 that 9 involves
9 involves 10 crosstalk
9 involves 11 between
11 between 13 mitochondria
12 the 13 mitochondria
14 , 17 and
15 nucleus 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 membrane
17 and 20 ,
18 plasma 19 membrane
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 cytoskeleton
21 and 24 plays
22 the 23 cytoskeleton
23 cytoskeleton 24 plays
24 plays 27 role
25 a 27 role
26 key 27 role
27 role 28 in
28 in 30 interactions
29 these 30 interactions

the result of this signaling is mitochondrial protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 result
2 result 3 of
2 result 6 is
3 of 5 signaling
4 this 5 signaling
6 is 8 protection
7 mitochondrial 8 protection

therefore , the molecular components of the pathways activated by the sexual steroids could represent targets for anti - aging therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 components
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 5 components
3 the 5 components
4 molecular 5 components
5 components 6 of
5 components 14 could
6 of 8 pathways
7 the 8 pathways
8 pathways 9 activated
9 activated 10 by
10 by 13 steroids
11 the 13 steroids
12 sexual 13 steroids
14 could 15 represent
15 represent 16 targets
16 targets 17 for
17 for 21 therapies
18 anti 19 -
18 anti 21 therapies
20 aging 21 therapies

in this review , we discuss previous studies that describe the estrogen - and testosterone - dependent actions on the mitochondrial processes implicated in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 8 studies
6 discuss 24 in
7 previous 8 studies
8 studies 9 that
8 studies 10 describe
9 that 10 describe
10 describe 14 and
10 describe 19 on
11 the 12 estrogen
12 estrogen 14 and
13 - 14 and
14 and 18 actions
15 testosterone 16 -
15 testosterone 18 actions
17 dependent 18 actions
19 on 22 processes
20 the 22 processes
21 mitochondrial 22 processes
22 processes 23 implicated
24 in 25 aging

artistic ability and creativity are defining characteristics of human behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 artistic 2 ability
2 ability 3 and
3 and 4 creativity
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 defining
6 defining 7 characteristics
7 characteristics 8 of
8 of 10 behavior
9 human 10 behavior

behavioral neurology , as a specialty , believes that even the most complex behaviors can be modeled and understood as the summation of smaller cognitive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neurology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 believes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 behavioral 2 neurology
2 neurology 4 as
2 neurology 8 believes
3 , 4 as
4 as 6 specialty
4 as 7 ,
5 a 6 specialty
8 believes 9 that
9 that 10 even
9 that 18 and
10 even 14 behaviors
11 the 12 most
12 most 14 behaviors
13 complex 14 behaviors
14 behaviors 15 can
15 can 18 and
16 be 17 modeled
16 be 18 and
18 and 19 understood
18 and 20 as
20 as 22 summation
21 the 22 summation
22 summation 23 of
23 of 26 functions
24 smaller 26 functions
25 cognitive 26 functions

literature from individuals with specific brain lesions has helped to map out these smaller regions of cognitive abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 helped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 literature 2 from
1 literature 8 has
2 from 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 with
4 with 7 lesions
5 specific 6 brain
6 brain 7 lesions
8 has 9 helped
9 helped 10 to
9 helped 11 map
10 to 11 map
11 map 12 out
11 map 15 regions
13 these 15 regions
14 smaller 15 regions
15 regions 16 of
16 of 18 abilities
17 cognitive 18 abilities

more recently , models based on neurodegenerative conditions , especially from the frontotemporal dementias , have allowed for greater nuanced investigations into the various functional anatomies necessary for artistic behavior and possibly the underlying networks that promote creativity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 more 2 recently
2 recently 3 ,
2 recently 4 models
4 models 5 based
4 models 16 have
5 based 6 on
6 on 8 conditions
7 neurodegenerative 8 conditions
8 conditions 11 from
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 from
11 from 14 dementias
11 from 15 ,
12 the 14 dementias
13 frontotemporal 14 dementias
16 have 17 allowed
17 allowed 18 for
17 allowed 22 into
17 allowed 35 networks
18 for 21 investigations
19 greater 21 investigations
20 nuanced 21 investigations
22 into 26 anatomies
23 the 26 anatomies
24 various 26 anatomies
25 functional 26 anatomies
27 necessary 28 for
27 necessary 31 and
28 for 30 behavior
29 artistic 30 behavior
31 and 32 possibly
31 and 34 underlying
31 and 35 networks
33 the 34 underlying
35 networks 36 that
35 networks 37 promote
36 that 37 promote
37 promote 38 creativity

this chapter reviews the changes produced by age on various aspects of artistic painting , particularly creativity and actual production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 chapter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
1 this 2 chapter
2 chapter 3 reviews
3 reviews 5 changes
4 the 5 changes
5 changes 6 produced
6 produced 7 by
6 produced 9 on
7 by 8 age
9 on 11 aspects
10 various 11 aspects
11 aspects 12 of
12 of 14 painting
13 artistic 14 painting
14 painting 18 and
15 , 16 particularly
15 , 18 and
17 creativity 18 and
18 and 20 production
18 and 21 .
19 actual 20 production

aging in trained painters is often accompanied by a decline in creativity , which in turn is due to the cognitive decline related to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 aging 2 in
1 aging 5 is
2 in 4 painters
3 trained 4 painters
5 is 7 accompanied
6 often 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
7 accompanied 11 in
8 by 10 decline
9 a 10 decline
11 in 12 creativity
13 , 14 which
13 , 17 is
14 which 17 is
15 in 16 turn
16 turn 17 is
17 is 19 to
18 due 19 to
19 to 22 decline
20 the 22 decline
21 cognitive 22 decline
22 decline 23 related
23 related 24 to
24 to 25 aging

it has been argued , however , that aging does not cause a decline , but only changes in style and content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 argued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 argued
4 argued 6 however
4 argued 8 that
5 , 6 however
6 however 7 ,
8 that 9 aging
8 that 12 cause
9 aging 10 does
10 does 11 not
10 does 12 cause
12 cause 16 but
12 cause 19 in
13 a 14 decline
14 decline 16 but
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 only
16 but 18 changes
19 in 21 and
20 style 21 and
21 and 22 content

the two views are not mutually exclusive , and we present examples illustrating both aspects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 views
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 two
2 two 3 views
3 views 4 are
4 are 5 not
4 are 7 exclusive
5 not 6 mutually
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 we
9 and 11 present
10 we 11 present
11 present 12 examples
12 examples 13 illustrating
13 illustrating 15 aspects
14 both 15 aspects

we also show that , in addition to cognitive changes , impairment of sensory organs , especially vision , and [of] the bones and joints , may also produce marked changes in an artist 's production and style . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
1 we 20 and
2 also 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 6 in
3 show 12 impairment
3 show 20 and
5 , 6 in
6 in 7 addition
6 in 11 ,
7 addition 8 to
8 to 10 changes
9 cognitive 10 changes
12 impairment 13 of
12 impairment 18 vision
13 of 15 organs
14 sensory 15 organs
16 , 17 especially
16 , 18 vision
18 vision 19 ,
20 and 29 produce
20 and 32 in
22 the 23 bones
23 bones 24 and
24 and 25 joints
24 and 26 ,
24 and 27 may
27 may 29 produce
28 also 29 produce
29 produce 31 changes
30 marked 31 changes
32 in 37 and
33 an 34 artist
34 artist 35 's
35 's 36 production
36 production 37 and
37 and 38 style
37 and 39 .

we conclude by showing that finding ways to induce creativity in persons who do not consider themselves artists can be a way of stimulating creativity and contribute to successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 by
2 conclude 5 that
3 by 4 showing
5 that 6 finding
5 that 26 and
6 finding 7 ways
6 finding 11 in
6 finding 19 can
7 ways 8 to
7 ways 9 induce
8 to 9 induce
9 induce 10 creativity
11 in 12 persons
12 persons 13 who
12 persons 14 do
13 who 14 do
14 do 15 not
14 do 16 consider
16 consider 17 themselves
16 consider 18 artists
19 can 26 and
20 be 22 way
20 be 26 and
21 a 22 way
22 way 23 of
23 of 25 creativity
24 stimulating 25 creativity
26 and 27 contribute
27 contribute 28 to
28 to 30 aging
29 successful 30 aging

to compare the pharmacokinetics of coadministered intraperitoneal ketamine and xylazine in [young] [(] 8 to 10 wk [;] n = 6 [ )( old rats [(] 2 to 2.4 y [;] n = 6 [ )(, blood samples obtained at 15 and 30 min [and] 1 , 2 , and 4 h after drug administration were analyzed by hplc - tandem mass spectrometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compare
1 to 2 compare
2 compare 9 and
3 the 4 pharmacokinetics
4 pharmacokinetics 5 of
4 pharmacokinetics 9 and
5 of 8 ketamine
6 coadministered 8 ketamine
7 intraperitoneal 8 ketamine
9 and 10 xylazine
9 and 20 =
10 xylazine 11 in
11 in 17 wk
14 8 15 to
15 to 16 10
15 to 17 wk
19 n 20 =
20 = 25 rats
21 6 25 rats
24 old 25 rats
25 rats 28 to
25 rats 37 blood
27 2 28 to
28 to 29 2.4
28 to 33 =
28 to 37 blood
30 y 33 =
32 n 33 =
33 = 34 6
33 = 36 )(,
37 blood 38 samples
38 samples 39 obtained
38 samples 50 and
40 at 42 and
40 at 50 and
41 15 42 and
42 and 43 30
42 and 48 2
43 30 44 min
44 min 46 1
47 , 48 2
48 2 49 ,
50 and 53 after
51 4 52 h
52 h 53 after
53 after 54 drug
54 drug 55 administration
54 drug 56 were
54 drug 57 analyzed
54 drug 63 spectrometry
55 administration 56 were
57 analyzed 58 by
58 by 59 hplc
60 - 63 spectrometry
61 tandem 63 spectrometry
62 mass 63 spectrometry
63 spectrometry 64 .

in both groups , the withdrawal reflex was absent during anesthesia and was present at 1.1 ( ± 0.2 ) and 2.6 [(] ± 0.7 [ )(h after drug administration in young and old rats , respectively , with the first voluntary movement at 1.5 ± 0.2 and 4.9 ± 1.0 [h] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reflex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 in 3 groups
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 reflex
2 both 3 groups
5 the 7 reflex
6 withdrawal 7 reflex
7 reflex 12 and
8 was 9 absent
8 was 12 and
9 absent 10 during
10 during 11 anesthesia
12 and 13 was
13 was 21 and
14 present 15 at
14 present 21 and
15 at 16 1.1
16 1.1 18 ±
17 ( 18 ±
18 ± 19 0.2
18 ± 20 )
21 and 24 ±
22 2.6 24 ±
24 ± 28 after
24 ± 35 rats
25 0.7 27 )(h
27 )(h 28 after
28 after 30 administration
29 drug 30 administration
30 administration 31 in
31 in 33 and
32 young 33 and
33 and 34 old
35 rats 37 respectively
35 rats 39 with
36 , 37 respectively
37 respectively 38 ,
39 with 43 movement
39 with 44 at
40 the 43 movement
41 first 42 voluntary
42 voluntary 43 movement
44 at 48 and
45 1.5 46 ±
46 ± 47 0.2
46 ± 48 and
48 and 50 ±
48 and 53 .
49 4.9 50 ±
50 ± 51 1.0

drug availability of ketamine and xylazine was 6.0 and 6.7 times greater , respectively , in old than young rats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 availability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 drug 2 availability
2 availability 3 of
2 availability 7 was
3 of 5 and
4 ketamine 5 and
5 and 6 xylazine
7 was 12 greater
8 6.0 9 and
9 and 10 6.7
9 and 11 times
11 times 12 greater
12 greater 14 respectively
12 greater 16 in
13 , 14 respectively
14 respectively 15 ,
16 in 20 rats
17 old 20 rats
18 than 19 young
19 young 20 rats

the rate constant of elimination of both drugs was greatly decreased and the elimination half [-] life was significantly greater in [old] compared with young rats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 constant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 constant
2 rate 3 constant
3 constant 4 of
3 constant 9 was
4 of 5 elimination
5 elimination 6 of
6 of 8 drugs
7 both 8 drugs
9 was 11 decreased
10 greatly 11 decreased
12 and 14 elimination
12 and 26 rats
13 the 14 elimination
14 elimination 15 half
14 elimination 24 with
14 elimination 26 rats
15 half 17 life
15 half 21 in
15 half 23 compared
17 life 18 was
18 was 19 significantly
18 was 20 greater
20 greater 21 in
23 compared 24 with
25 young 26 rats

in conclusion , age and associated factors affect the availability of ketamine and xylazine when coadministered to attain clinical anesthesia , changing the pharmacokinetics of these drugs and prolonging anesthesia duration and recovery times with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affect
1 in 5 and
1 in 8 affect
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 4 age
3 , 5 and
5 and 7 factors
6 associated 7 factors
8 affect 13 and
8 affect 15 when
8 affect 22 changing
9 the 13 and
10 availability 11 of
10 availability 13 and
11 of 12 ketamine
13 and 14 xylazine
15 when 16 coadministered
16 coadministered 17 to
17 to 18 attain
18 attain 20 anesthesia
19 clinical 20 anesthesia
21 , 22 changing
22 changing 32 and
22 changing 35 with
22 changing 37 .
23 the 32 and
24 pharmacokinetics 25 of
24 pharmacokinetics 28 and
25 of 27 drugs
26 these 27 drugs
28 and 31 duration
28 and 32 and
29 prolonging 31 duration
30 anesthesia 31 duration
32 and 34 times
33 recovery 34 times
35 with 36 aging

compared with their young counterparts , aged rats required much higher doses to attain a similar level of anesthesia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 rats
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 8 rats
2 with 5 counterparts
3 their 5 counterparts
4 young 5 counterparts
7 aged 8 rats
8 rats 9 required
9 required 12 doses
9 required 13 to
9 required 14 attain
10 much 11 higher
11 higher 12 doses
13 to 14 attain
14 attain 17 level
15 a 16 similar
15 a 17 level
16 similar 17 level
17 level 18 of
18 of 19 anesthesia

finally , the long [half] - life of both ketamine and xylazine , when coadministered to old rats , may be a factor in research protocols because residual plasma concentrations could still be present for as long as 3 and 5 d , respectively , after administration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 life
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 be
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 7 life
3 the 7 life
4 long 6 -
4 long 7 life
7 life 8 of
7 life 20 may
8 of 11 and
9 both 11 and
10 ketamine 11 and
11 and 12 xylazine
13 , 14 when
14 when 15 coadministered
14 when 19 ,
14 when 20 may
15 coadministered 16 to
16 to 18 rats
17 old 18 rats
20 may 21 be
21 be 23 factor
21 be 24 in
21 be 27 because
22 a 23 factor
24 in 26 protocols
25 research 26 protocols
27 because 30 concentrations
27 because 33 be
28 residual 29 plasma
29 plasma 30 concentrations
30 concentrations 31 could
31 could 33 be
32 still 33 be
33 be 34 present
34 present 35 for
34 present 38 as
34 present 44 respectively
34 present 46 after
35 for 37 long
36 as 37 long
38 as 42 d
39 3 40 and
40 and 41 5
40 and 42 d
43 , 44 respectively
44 respectively 45 ,
45 , 46 after
46 after 47 administration
46 after 48 .

the objective of this study was to examine practice effects and longitudinal cognitive change in a population - based cohort classified as clinically normal at their initial evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 11 and
9 practice 10 effects
10 effects 11 and
11 and 14 change
11 and 18 -
11 and 19 based
11 and 24 normal
12 longitudinal 14 change
13 cognitive 14 change
14 change 15 in
15 in 17 population
16 a 17 population
19 based 21 classified
20 cohort 21 classified
22 as 23 clinically
23 clinically 24 normal
24 normal 25 at
25 at 28 evaluation
26 their 28 evaluation
27 initial 28 evaluation

we examined 1390 individuals with a median age of 78.1 years and re - [evaluated] them up to four times at [approximate] 15 - month intervals , with an average follow - up time of 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 individuals
2 examined 31 follow
3 1390 4 individuals
4 individuals 12 and
4 individuals 17 up
4 individuals 31 follow
5 with 8 age
5 with 12 and
6 a 7 median
6 a 8 age
7 median 8 age
8 age 9 of
9 of 11 years
10 78.1 11 years
12 and 13 re
13 re 14 -
13 re 16 them
17 up 18 to
17 up 20 times
17 up 28 with
18 to 19 four
20 times 21 at
21 at 23 15
23 15 26 intervals
24 - 26 intervals
25 month 26 intervals
26 intervals 27 ,
28 with 30 average
29 an 30 average
32 - 33 up
33 up 34 time
34 time 35 of
35 of 37 years
36 5 37 years

of the 1390 participants , 947 ( 69 % ) individuals remained cognitively normal , 397 ( 29 % ) progressed to mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , [and] 46 ( 3 % ) to dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 of 4 participants
1 of 11 individuals
2 the 3 1390
3 1390 4 participants
4 participants 6 947
5 , 6 947
6 947 9 %
6 947 10 )
7 ( 9 %
8 69 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 individuals 12 remained
12 remained 13 cognitively
12 remained 14 normal
15 , 16 397
15 , 21 progressed
16 397 19 %
16 397 21 progressed
17 ( 19 %
18 29 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 progressed 22 to
21 progressed 36 to
22 to 25 impairment
23 mild 25 impairment
24 cognitive 25 impairment
25 impairment 27 mci
25 impairment 31 46
26 ( 27 mci
27 mci 28 )
29 , 31 46
31 46 34 %
31 46 35 )
32 ( 34 %
33 3 34 %
34 % 35 )
36 to 37 dementia

the stable normal group showed an initial practice effect in all domains which was sustained in memory and visuospatial reasoning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 4 group
2 stable 4 group
3 normal 4 group
4 group 5 showed
5 showed 7 initial
5 showed 9 effect
5 showed 16 in
6 an 7 initial
8 practice 9 effect
9 effect 10 in
9 effect 13 which
9 effect 14 was
10 in 12 domains
11 all 12 domains
13 which 14 was
14 was 15 sustained
16 in 18 and
17 memory 18 and
18 and 20 reasoning
19 visuospatial 20 reasoning

there was only a slight decline in attention and language after visit 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 3 only
2 was 6 decline
4 a 5 slight
4 a 6 decline
5 slight 6 decline
6 decline 7 in
7 in 9 and
8 attention 9 and
9 and 10 language
9 and 11 after
11 after 12 visit
12 visit 13 3

we combined individuals with incident mci and dementia to form one group representing those who declined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 combined
2 combined 3 individuals
2 combined 4 with
2 combined 9 to
4 with 7 and
5 incident 6 mci
5 incident 7 and
7 and 8 dementia
9 to 10 form
10 form 12 group
11 one 12 group
12 group 13 representing
13 representing 14 those
14 those 15 who
14 those 16 declined
15 who 16 declined

the incident mci/dementia group showed an unexpected practice effect in memory from baseline to visit 2 [,] with a significant decline thereafter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 4 group
2 incident 4 group
3 mci/dementia 4 group
4 group 5 showed
5 showed 8 practice
5 showed 9 effect
5 showed 10 in
5 showed 22 thereafter
6 an 7 unexpected
6 an 8 practice
7 unexpected 8 practice
10 in 11 memory
11 memory 12 from
11 memory 14 to
12 from 13 baseline
14 to 15 visit
15 visit 16 2
15 visit 18 with
18 with 21 decline
19 a 20 significant
19 a 21 decline
20 significant 21 decline

this group did not demonstrate practice effects in any other domain and showed a [downward] trajectory in all domains at each evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 group
2 group 12 and
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 demonstrate
3 did 12 and
5 demonstrate 7 effects
5 demonstrate 8 in
6 practice 7 effects
8 in 11 domain
9 any 10 other
10 other 11 domain
12 and 13 showed
13 showed 16 trajectory
13 showed 17 in
13 showed 20 at
14 a 16 trajectory
17 in 19 domains
18 all 19 domains
20 at 22 evaluation
21 each 22 evaluation

modeling cognitive change in an epidemiologic sample may serve as a useful benchmark for evaluating cognitive change in future intervention studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 modeling 3 change
1 modeling 4 in
1 modeling 8 may
2 cognitive 3 change
4 in 7 sample
5 an 6 epidemiologic
5 an 7 sample
6 epidemiologic 7 sample
8 may 9 serve
9 serve 10 as
9 serve 18 in
10 as 13 benchmark
11 a 13 benchmark
12 useful 13 benchmark
13 benchmark 14 for
14 for 15 evaluating
15 evaluating 17 change
16 cognitive 17 change
18 in 21 studies
19 future 20 intervention
20 intervention 21 studies

emotion recognition is impaired in dementia and there is some initial evidence to suggest that milder deficits may be present in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) patients , an " [at] risk " population for transition to dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 emotion 2 recognition
2 recognition 3 is
3 is 4 impaired
4 impaired 5 in
5 in 6 dementia
7 and 8 there
7 and 14 suggest
8 there 9 is
9 is 12 evidence
9 is 13 to
10 some 12 evidence
11 initial 12 evidence
13 to 14 suggest
14 suggest 15 that
15 that 17 deficits
15 that 20 present
16 milder 17 deficits
17 deficits 18 may
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 present
20 present 21 in
20 present 28 patients
21 in 24 impairment
22 mild 23 cognitive
23 cognitive 24 impairment
24 impairment 26 mci
25 ( 26 mci
26 mci 27 )
28 patients 35 population
29 , 35 population
30 an 31 "
30 an 35 population
33 risk 34 "
33 risk 35 population
35 population 36 for
35 population 40 .
36 for 37 transition
37 transition 38 to
38 to 39 dementia

in this study , we investigated the emotion recognition profile of mci subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 emotion
7 the 8 emotion
8 emotion 10 profile
8 emotion 13 subgroups
9 recognition 10 profile
10 profile 11 of
10 profile 13 subgroups
11 of 12 mci

results show emotion recognition deficits exist for the amnestic subtype with impairment in multiple domains , with an emotion - specific [deficit] for anger recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 3 emotion
2 show 4 recognition
4 recognition 5 deficits
4 recognition 10 subtype
5 deficits 6 exist
6 exist 7 for
7 for 9 amnestic
8 the 9 amnestic
9 amnestic 10 subtype
10 subtype 11 with
11 with 12 impairment
12 impairment 13 in
12 impairment 21 specific
13 in 15 domains
14 multiple 15 domains
15 domains 17 with
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 emotion
17 with 20 -
18 an 19 emotion
21 specific 23 for
23 for 25 recognition
24 anger 25 recognition

impaired emotion recognition in amci was [independent] of patient [mood] and cognitive deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 impaired 2 emotion
2 emotion 3 recognition
3 recognition 4 in
3 recognition 6 was
4 in 5 amci
6 was 8 of
8 of 13 deficits
9 patient 11 and
11 and 12 cognitive
11 and 13 deficits

the study is the first to examine the nonamnestic subtype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 5 first
4 the 5 first
5 first 6 to
5 first 10 subtype
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 nonamnestic
7 examine 10 subtype
8 the 9 nonamnestic
9 nonamnestic 10 subtype

no emotion recognition deficits were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 no 4 deficits
2 emotion 4 deficits
3 recognition 4 deficits
4 deficits 5 were
5 were 6 found

this finding is surprising given the association between the nonamnestic [subtype] and frontal systems dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 is
3 is 4 surprising
4 surprising 15 dysfunction
5 given 15 dysfunction
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 between
7 association 12 and
8 between 10 nonamnestic
9 the 10 nonamnestic
12 and 14 systems
12 and 15 dysfunction
13 frontal 14 systems

impaired emotion recognition could be related to the selective pathophysiology in neural pathways , particularly the temporal lobe and connected limbic and prefrontal regions , implicated in both amci and emotion processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 impaired 2 emotion
2 emotion 3 recognition
3 recognition 4 could
4 could 5 be
5 be 6 related
6 related 7 to
6 related 27 in
7 to 10 pathophysiology
8 the 10 pathophysiology
9 selective 10 pathophysiology
10 pathophysiology 11 in
10 pathophysiology 26 implicated
11 in 13 pathways
12 neural 13 pathways
13 pathways 19 and
14 , 15 particularly
14 , 19 and
16 the 18 lobe
17 temporal 18 lobe
18 lobe 19 and
19 and 24 regions
19 and 25 ,
20 connected 24 regions
21 limbic 22 and
22 and 23 prefrontal
22 and 24 regions
27 in 30 and
28 both 30 and
29 amci 30 and
30 and 32 processing
31 emotion 32 processing

these findings may have implications for early diagnosis , prognosis , and clinical management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 have
4 have 5 implications
5 implications 6 for
6 for 12 and
7 early 8 diagnosis
8 diagnosis 9 ,
9 , 10 prognosis
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 management
13 clinical 14 management

the present meta - analysis investigated whether event [-] based prospective memory [(] [pm] [ )(age effects differ by task order specificity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 5 analysis
2 present 5 analysis
3 meta 4 -
3 meta 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 investigated
6 investigated 7 whether
7 whether 17 effects
7 whether 18 differ
8 event 10 based
10 based 12 memory
11 prospective 12 memory
12 memory 17 effects
16 )(age 17 effects
17 effects 18 differ
18 differ 19 by
19 by 22 specificity
20 task 22 specificity
21 order 22 specificity

in specified [pm] tasks , the order of the ongoing and the [pm] task response is predetermined , which imposes demands on cognitive control to navigate the possible response options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 order
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 4 tasks
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 order
2 specified 4 tasks
6 the 7 order
7 order 8 of
7 order 16 is
8 of 11 and
9 the 10 ongoing
10 ongoing 11 and
11 and 15 response
12 the 15 response
14 task 15 response
16 is 17 predetermined
18 , 19 which
18 , 20 imposes
19 which 20 imposes
20 imposes 21 demands
20 imposes 22 on
20 imposes 25 to
22 on 24 control
23 cognitive 24 control
25 to 26 navigate
26 navigate 30 options
27 the 30 options
28 possible 29 response
29 response 30 options

in contrast , unspecified [pm] tasks do not require responding in a particular order . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 tasks
4 unspecified 6 tasks
6 tasks 7 do
7 do 8 not
7 do 9 require
9 require 10 responding
9 require 11 in
11 in 14 order
12 a 13 particular
12 a 14 order
13 particular 14 order

based on 57 studies and more than 5,500 younger and older adults , results showed larger [pm] age effects [in] specified compared with unspecified [pm] tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 13 ,
1 based 14 results
2 on 5 and
3 57 4 studies
4 studies 5 and
5 and 12 adults
6 more 7 than
7 than 8 5,500
8 5,500 12 adults
9 younger 10 and
10 and 11 older
10 and 12 adults
14 results 15 showed
15 showed 18 age
15 showed 19 effects
15 showed 22 compared
16 larger 18 age
19 effects 21 specified
19 effects 22 compared
22 compared 23 with
23 with 26 tasks
24 unspecified 26 tasks

additionally , the effect of task focality on age differences was replicated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 replicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 11 was
5 of 7 focality
6 task 7 focality
7 focality 8 on
8 on 10 differences
9 age 10 differences
11 was 12 replicated

results suggest that both pre - and postretrieval processes independently affect [pm] age effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 results 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 7 and
3 that 11 affect
4 both 7 and
5 pre 7 and
6 - 7 and
7 and 9 processes
8 postretrieval 9 processes
10 independently 11 affect
11 affect 14 effects
13 age 14 effects

participants performed a motor sequencing task that included prepotent pairs of key presses , and conflicting pairs that started with the same first key press of the prepotent pair , but ended in an unexpected alternate response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 participants 2 performed
2 performed 4 motor
3 a 4 motor
4 motor 5 sequencing
4 motor 11 of
5 sequencing 10 pairs
6 task 10 pairs
7 that 8 included
8 included 10 pairs
9 prepotent 10 pairs
11 of 13 presses
12 key 13 presses
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 conflicting
15 and 31 but
16 conflicting 31 but
17 pairs 18 that
17 pairs 31 but
18 that 19 started
19 started 20 with
20 with 25 press
21 the 22 same
22 same 25 press
23 first 25 press
24 key 25 press
25 press 26 of
26 of 29 pair
27 the 29 pair
28 prepotent 29 pair
30 , 31 but
31 but 32 ended
32 ended 33 in
33 in 37 response
34 an 35 unexpected
34 an 37 response
35 unexpected 37 response
36 alternate 37 response

erp analyses were used to measure the p3b component as an electrophysiological [correlate] [of] context updating . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 erp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 erp 2 analyses
1 erp 3 were
1 erp 4 used
2 analyses 3 were
4 used 5 to
4 used 16 updating
5 to 6 measure
6 measure 8 p3b
7 the 8 p3b
8 p3b 9 component
9 component 10 as
10 as 15 context
11 an 12 electrophysiological
11 an 15 context
12 electrophysiological 15 context

the results revealed an age - related reduction in the ability to reprogram a response as younger , but [not] older , adults exhibited a negative correlation between planning and execution time for conflicting responses , such that shortened execution time led to better performance by the younger group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 revealed
3 revealed 5 age
4 an 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 reduction
7 related 9 in
7 related 12 to
7 related 16 as
9 in 11 ability
10 the 11 ability
12 to 13 reprogram
13 reprogram 15 response
14 a 15 response
16 as 23 adults
17 younger 19 but
18 , 19 but
19 but 21 older
19 but 22 ,
19 but 23 adults
23 adults 24 exhibited
23 adults 30 and
23 adults 32 time
25 a 27 correlation
26 negative 27 correlation
27 correlation 28 between
27 correlation 30 and
28 between 29 planning
30 and 31 execution
30 and 32 time
32 time 33 for
33 for 35 responses
34 conflicting 35 responses
35 responses 41 time
36 , 41 time
37 such 41 time
38 that 39 shortened
39 shortened 40 execution
40 execution 41 time
41 time 42 led
41 time 43 to
41 time 44 better
41 time 50 .
43 to 44 better
44 better 45 performance
45 performance 46 by
46 by 49 group
47 the 49 group
48 younger 49 group

both age groups demonstrated a large p3b component following conflicting , but not prepotent stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 both 3 groups
2 age 3 groups
3 groups 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 12 but
5 a 6 large
5 a 8 component
6 large 8 component
7 p3b 8 component
8 component 9 following
8 component 10 conflicting
8 component 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 not
12 but 15 stimuli
14 prepotent 15 stimuli

the peak of this p3b [was] delayed , and its amplitude reduced in the older , compared [with] younger , adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 peak
2 peak 3 of
2 peak 9 and
3 of 5 p3b
4 this 5 p3b
5 p3b 7 delayed
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 amplitude
9 and 12 reduced
10 its 11 amplitude
12 reduced 13 in
13 in 21 adults
14 the 21 adults
15 older 16 ,
15 older 21 adults
17 compared 21 adults
19 younger 20 ,
19 younger 21 adults

noteworthy was that conflicting responses with faster execution time were associated with a larger p3b component than responses with slower execution time in younger , but not older , adults , suggesting that better context updating led to more efficient response reprogramming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 noteworthy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 noteworthy 2 was
2 was 5 responses
2 was 6 with
3 that 4 conflicting
4 conflicting 5 responses
6 with 8 execution
6 with 11 associated
7 faster 8 execution
8 execution 9 time
8 execution 10 were
9 time 10 were
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 24 younger
12 with 15 p3b
12 with 16 component
13 a 15 p3b
14 larger 15 p3b
16 component 17 than
17 than 18 responses
17 than 22 time
17 than 23 in
18 responses 19 with
18 responses 22 time
19 with 21 execution
20 slower 21 execution
25 , 26 but
26 but 32 suggesting
26 but 37 led
27 not 30 adults
27 not 31 ,
27 not 32 suggesting
28 older 29 ,
28 older 30 adults
32 suggesting 33 that
32 suggesting 34 better
32 suggesting 37 led
34 better 36 updating
35 context 36 updating
37 led 38 to
38 to 42 reprogramming
39 more 42 reprogramming
40 efficient 41 response
41 response 42 reprogramming

these findings are novel in showing that context updating is associated with adjustments in response execution , and that older adults were less able to use these context - updating processes to support successful movement reprogramming . 
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 4 novel
4 novel 5 in
4 novel 12 with
5 in 6 showing
6 showing 7 that
7 that 8 context
7 that 11 associated
8 context 9 updating
8 context 10 is
8 context 11 associated
9 updating 10 is
12 with 13 adjustments
12 with 14 in
14 in 28 context
15 response 28 context
16 execution 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 that
18 and 21 adults
18 and 22 were
18 and 24 able
18 and 28 context
20 older 21 adults
21 adults 22 were
22 were 23 less
24 able 25 to
24 able 26 use
25 to 26 use
26 use 27 these
28 context 30 updating
29 - 30 updating
30 updating 31 processes
30 updating 37 .
31 processes 32 to
31 processes 36 reprogramming
32 to 33 support
33 support 35 movement
34 successful 35 movement
35 movement 36 reprogramming

recent research has emphasized the critical role of personality in the caregiving situation , but not much is known about how individual differences shape the transitions [into] and out of caregiving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emphasized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 recent 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 emphasized
4 emphasized 7 role
4 emphasized 10 in
5 the 7 role
6 critical 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 9 personality
10 in 13 situation
11 the 13 situation
12 caregiving 13 situation
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 much
15 but 19 known
16 not 17 much
17 much 18 is
18 is 19 known
19 known 28 and
20 about 21 how
20 about 28 and
21 how 23 differences
21 how 24 shape
22 individual 23 differences
23 differences 24 shape
24 shape 26 transitions
25 the 26 transitions
28 and 30 of
29 out 30 of
30 of 31 caregiving

based on longitudinal data from the german socio - economic panel ( soep , n= 14,495 ) , we explored [how] personality [is] associated with adopting and maintaining the caregiving role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 from
1 based 18 ,
1 based 19 we
2 on 4 data
3 longitudinal 4 data
5 from 8 socio
6 the 8 socio
7 german 8 socio
8 socio 13 soep
9 - 13 soep
10 economic 11 panel
11 panel 13 soep
12 ( 13 soep
13 soep 14 ,
13 soep 15 n=
13 soep 17 )
14 , 15 n=
15 n= 16 14,495
15 n= 17 )
19 we 20 explored
20 explored 22 personality
20 explored 25 with
22 personality 24 associated
25 with 27 and
25 with 31 role
26 adopting 27 and
27 and 28 maintaining
29 the 31 role
30 caregiving 31 role

the results revealed that individuals with less emotional stability were more likely to take over the responsibility to provide care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 5 individuals
4 that 10 were
5 individuals 6 with
5 individuals 10 were
6 with 9 stability
7 less 9 stability
8 emotional 9 stability
10 were 11 more
10 were 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 take
13 to 14 take
14 take 15 over
14 take 17 responsibility
16 the 17 responsibility
17 responsibility 18 to
17 responsibility 19 provide
18 to 19 provide
19 provide 20 care

moreover , care - related personality change was affected by sex and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 care
3 care 8 was
4 - 5 related
5 related 7 change
5 related 8 was
6 personality 7 change
8 was 9 affected
9 affected 10 by
10 by 12 and
11 sex 12 and
12 and 13 age

in detail , female care entrants were more burdened than their male counterparts , and younger caregivers seemed to adapt better to the caregiving role than older ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 entrants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 burdened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 detail
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 entrants
4 female 5 care
5 care 6 entrants
6 entrants 7 were
7 were 8 more
7 were 9 burdened
9 burdened 10 than
10 than 15 and
10 than 18 seemed
11 their 13 counterparts
12 male 13 counterparts
13 counterparts 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 caregivers
15 and 18 seemed
16 younger 17 caregivers
18 seemed 19 to
18 seemed 20 adapt
19 to 20 adapt
20 adapt 21 better
20 adapt 22 to
20 adapt 26 than
22 to 25 role
23 the 25 role
24 caregiving 25 role
26 than 28 ones
27 older 28 ones

the findings point to the interplay of personality and sociostructural conditions in the caregiving role over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 point
3 point 4 to
3 point 12 in
3 point 16 over
4 to 9 and
5 the 6 interplay
6 interplay 7 of
6 interplay 9 and
7 of 8 personality
9 and 11 conditions
10 sociostructural 11 conditions
12 in 15 role
13 the 15 role
14 caregiving 15 role
16 over 17 time

although mind - wandering is common , engaging [in] task - irrelevant thoughts can have negative functional consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 wandering
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 although 2 mind
1 although 3 -
1 although 4 wandering
4 wandering 5 is
5 is 6 common
7 , 10 task
7 , 11 -
8 engaging 10 task
11 - 13 thoughts
11 - 15 have
11 - 19 .
12 irrelevant 13 thoughts
13 thoughts 14 can
14 can 15 have
15 have 18 consequences
16 negative 18 consequences
17 functional 18 consequences

we examined whether mind [-] wandering frequency may be related to falls - a major [health] - care problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 whether
3 whether 4 mind
3 whether 12 falls
4 mind 6 wandering
4 mind 7 frequency
4 mind 11 to
4 mind 12 falls
7 frequency 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 10 related
10 related 11 to
13 - 19 problem
14 a 15 major
14 a 19 problem
15 major 17 -
15 major 18 care
18 care 19 problem

seniors completed a sustained attention task and self - reported their current attentional states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 seniors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
1 seniors 2 completed
2 completed 7 and
3 a 6 task
4 sustained 5 attention
5 attention 6 task
6 task 7 and
7 and 8 self
9 - 10 reported
10 reported 14 states
10 reported 15 .
11 their 14 states
12 current 14 states
13 attentional 14 states

monthly [falls] reports were collected over 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 monthly 3 reports
3 reports 4 were
4 were 5 collected
5 collected 6 over
6 over 8 months
7 12 8 months

[falls] [were] [associated] with an increased frequency [of] mind - wandering . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mind
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
4 with 7 frequency
4 with 9 mind
5 an 7 frequency
6 increased 7 frequency
10 - 11 wandering

in addition , poorer performance on the sustained attention task [was] associated with more falls over 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 performance
4 poorer 5 performance
5 performance 6 on
5 performance 15 falls
6 on 10 task
7 the 10 task
8 sustained 9 attention
9 attention 10 task
10 task 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 more
15 falls 16 over
16 over 18 months
17 12 18 months

given that fallers are known to have impaired executive cognitive functioning , our results are consistent with the current theory that poor attentional control may contribute to the occurrence of mind - wandering . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 given 2 that
1 given 4 are
1 given 6 to
3 fallers 4 are
4 are 5 known
6 to 7 have
7 have 11 functioning
8 impaired 11 functioning
9 executive 11 functioning
10 cognitive 11 functioning
12 , 14 results
12 , 26 contribute
13 our 14 results
14 results 15 are
15 are 16 consistent
16 consistent 17 with
17 with 20 theory
18 the 20 theory
19 current 20 theory
20 theory 24 control
20 theory 26 contribute
21 that 22 poor
22 poor 24 control
23 attentional 24 control
24 control 25 may
25 may 26 contribute
26 contribute 27 to
26 contribute 33 wandering
27 to 29 occurrence
28 the 29 occurrence
29 occurrence 30 of
30 of 31 mind
32 - 33 wandering
33 wandering 34 .

investment personality traits are thought to positively affect cognitive performance in old age , even after controlling for prior cognitive ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 traits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 investment 3 traits
2 personality 3 traits
3 traits 4 are
4 are 5 thought
5 thought 6 to
5 thought 11 in
6 to 8 affect
7 positively 8 affect
8 affect 10 performance
9 cognitive 10 performance
11 in 13 age
12 old 13 age
14 , 15 even
15 even 16 after
16 after 17 controlling
17 controlling 18 for
18 for 21 ability
19 prior 21 ability
20 cognitive 21 ability

in the lothian birth cohort 1936 ( n = 1,091 ) , a cross - lagged model tested [for] reciprocal effects of the investment trait intellect on verbal fluency , an indicator of crystallized intelligence , at age 70 and 73 years , while adjusting for general iq at age 11 and 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cohort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 lagged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 in 3 lothian
1 in 5 cohort
2 the 3 lothian
4 birth 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 1936
5 cohort 9 =
5 cohort 14 cross
5 cohort 16 lagged
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 1,091
9 = 11 )
12 , 14 cross
13 a 14 cross
14 cross 15 -
16 lagged 21 effects
16 lagged 44 while
16 lagged 49 at
17 model 18 tested
18 tested 21 effects
20 reciprocal 21 effects
21 effects 22 of
21 effects 27 on
22 of 26 intellect
23 the 25 trait
24 investment 25 trait
25 trait 26 intellect
27 on 29 fluency
28 verbal 29 fluency
29 fluency 32 indicator
30 , 32 indicator
31 an 32 indicator
32 indicator 33 of
32 indicator 43 ,
33 of 35 intelligence
34 crystallized 35 intelligence
35 intelligence 37 at
36 , 37 at
37 at 42 years
37 at 43 ,
38 age 40 and
38 age 42 years
39 70 40 and
40 and 41 73
44 while 45 adjusting
45 adjusting 46 for
45 adjusting 48 iq
46 for 47 general
49 at 54 years
50 age 52 and
50 age 54 years
51 11 52 and
52 and 53 70

intellect at age 70 was weakly associated with contemporaneous verbal fluency but had no significant effects on fluency at age 73 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intellect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 intellect 2 at
1 intellect 5 was
2 at 3 age
3 age 4 70
5 was 12 but
6 weakly 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 12 but
8 with 11 fluency
9 contemporaneous 11 fluency
10 verbal 11 fluency
12 but 13 had
13 had 16 effects
13 had 17 on
13 had 19 at
14 no 16 effects
15 significant 16 effects
17 on 18 fluency
19 at 20 age
20 age 21 73

conversely , verbal fluency at age 70 was significantly , positively related to intellect at age 73 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fluency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 4 fluency
3 verbal 4 fluency
4 fluency 5 at
4 fluency 10 ,
5 at 6 age
6 age 7 70
8 was 9 significantly
8 was 10 ,
10 , 12 related
10 , 13 to
10 , 15 at
11 positively 12 related
13 to 14 intellect
15 at 16 age
16 age 17 73

the results suggest that better verbal fluency precedes intellectual investment in old age rather than the other way around . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 fluency
4 that 8 precedes
5 better 7 fluency
6 verbal 7 fluency
7 fluency 8 precedes
8 precedes 10 investment
8 precedes 11 in
8 precedes 15 than
8 precedes 19 around
9 intellectual 10 investment
11 in 13 age
12 old 13 age
14 rather 15 than
15 than 18 way
16 the 17 other
17 other 18 way

fluid intelligence decreases with age , yet evidence about age declines in decision [-] making quality is mixed : depending on the study , older adults make worse , equally good , or even better decisions than younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intelligence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 fluid 2 intelligence
2 intelligence 3 decreases
3 decreases 4 with
3 decreases 7 yet
4 with 5 age
6 , 7 yet
7 yet 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 about
8 evidence 17 is
9 about 11 declines
10 age 11 declines
11 declines 12 in
12 in 16 quality
13 decision 16 quality
15 making 16 quality
17 is 18 mixed
19 : 26 adults
19 : 27 make
20 depending 21 on
20 depending 24 ,
20 depending 26 adults
21 on 23 study
22 the 23 study
25 older 26 adults
26 adults 27 make
27 make 36 decisions
27 make 37 than
28 worse 29 ,
28 worse 36 decisions
30 equally 31 good
31 good 33 or
32 , 33 or
33 or 35 better
33 or 36 decisions
34 even 35 better
37 than 39 adults
38 younger 39 adults

specifically , we hypothesized that older adults ' higher levels of crystallized intelligence can provide an alternate pathway to good decisions when the fluid intelligence pathway declines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 3 we
3 we 4 hypothesized
4 hypothesized 5 that
5 that 10 levels
5 that 15 provide
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 '
8 ' 10 levels
9 higher 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
10 levels 14 can
11 of 13 intelligence
12 crystallized 13 intelligence
14 can 15 provide
15 provide 18 pathway
15 provide 19 to
16 an 18 pathway
17 alternate 18 pathway
19 to 21 decisions
20 good 21 decisions
21 decisions 22 when
22 when 26 pathway
22 when 27 declines
23 the 26 pathway
24 fluid 25 intelligence
25 intelligence 26 pathway
26 pathway 27 declines

the performance of older adults relative to younger adults therefore depends on the relative importance of each type of intelligence for the decision at hand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 depends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 performance
2 performance 3 of
2 performance 11 depends
3 of 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 relative
6 relative 7 to
7 to 9 adults
8 younger 9 adults
10 therefore 11 depends
11 depends 12 on
12 on 15 importance
13 the 15 importance
14 relative 15 importance
15 importance 16 of
16 of 20 intelligence
17 each 18 type
18 type 19 of
18 type 20 intelligence
19 of 20 intelligence
20 intelligence 21 for
21 for 23 decision
22 the 23 decision
23 decision 25 hand
24 at 25 hand

we tested this complementary capabilities hypothesis in a broad sample of younger and older adults , collecting a battery of standard cognitive measures and measures [of] economically important decision - making " traits " -- including temporal discounting , loss aversion , financial literacy , and debt literacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 6 hypothesis
3 this 6 hypothesis
4 complementary 5 capabilities
5 capabilities 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 in
6 hypothesis 11 of
7 in 10 sample
8 a 9 broad
8 a 10 sample
9 broad 10 sample
11 of 15 adults
12 younger 13 and
13 and 14 older
13 and 15 adults
15 adults 17 collecting
15 adults 31 making
16 , 17 collecting
17 collecting 19 battery
17 collecting 30 -
18 a 19 battery
19 battery 20 of
20 of 24 and
21 standard 23 measures
22 cognitive 23 measures
23 measures 24 and
24 and 29 decision
25 measures 29 decision
27 economically 28 important
28 important 29 decision
30 - 31 making
31 making 32 "
31 making 33 traits
31 making 36 including
31 making 49 .
33 traits 34 "
35 -- 36 including
36 including 38 discounting
36 including 49 .
37 temporal 38 discounting
38 discounting 41 aversion
38 discounting 46 and
39 , 41 aversion
40 loss 41 aversion
41 aversion 42 ,
42 , 46 and
43 financial 44 literacy
44 literacy 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 48 literacy
46 and 49 .
47 debt 48 literacy

we found that older participants performed as well [as] or better than younger participants on these four decision - making measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 18 decision
2 found 20 making
3 that 18 decision
4 older 5 participants
5 participants 6 performed
5 participants 10 or
6 performed 8 well
7 as 8 well
10 or 11 better
10 or 18 decision
11 better 12 than
12 than 14 participants
12 than 15 on
13 younger 14 participants
15 on 17 four
16 these 17 four
19 - 20 making
20 making 21 measures
20 making 22 .

structural equation modeling verified our hypothesis : older participants ' greater crystallized intelligence offset their lower levels of fluid intelligence for temporal discounting , financial literacy , and debt literacy , but not for loss aversion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 structural 3 modeling
2 equation 3 modeling
3 modeling 4 verified
4 verified 6 hypothesis
5 our 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 :
7 : 13 intelligence
7 : 14 offset
8 older 9 participants
9 participants 10 '
10 ' 13 intelligence
11 greater 13 intelligence
12 crystallized 13 intelligence
13 intelligence 14 offset
14 offset 17 levels
14 offset 32 but
15 their 17 levels
16 lower 17 levels
17 levels 18 of
18 of 20 intelligence
19 fluid 20 intelligence
21 for 28 and
21 for 32 but
22 temporal 23 discounting
23 discounting 24 ,
24 , 26 literacy
24 , 28 and
25 financial 26 literacy
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 literacy
28 and 31 ,
29 debt 30 literacy
32 but 33 not
32 but 34 for
34 for 36 aversion
35 loss 36 aversion

these results have important implications for public policy and for the design of effective decision environments for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 have
3 have 5 implications
4 important 5 implications
5 implications 9 and
6 for 8 policy
6 for 9 and
7 public 8 policy
9 and 10 for
10 for 12 design
11 the 12 design
12 design 13 of
13 of 16 environments
14 effective 16 environments
15 decision 16 environments
16 environments 17 for
17 for 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

objective : early biomarkers of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) are needed for developing therapeutic interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 biomarkers
2 : 13 needed
2 : 18 .
3 early 4 biomarkers
4 biomarkers 5 of
4 biomarkers 12 are
5 of 8 disease
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 10 ad
9 ( 10 ad
10 ad 11 )
12 are 13 needed
13 needed 14 for
14 for 15 developing
15 developing 17 interventions
16 therapeutic 17 interventions

measures of attentional control in stroop - type tasks discriminate healthy aging from early stage ad and predict future development of ad in cognitively normal individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 measures 9 tasks
2 of 4 control
2 of 7 -
2 of 9 tasks
3 attentional 4 control
4 control 5 in
5 in 6 stroop
8 type 9 tasks
9 tasks 17 and
10 discriminate 12 aging
10 discriminate 17 and
11 healthy 12 aging
12 aging 13 from
13 from 16 ad
14 early 15 stage
15 stage 16 ad
17 and 18 predict
17 and 23 in
18 predict 20 development
19 future 20 development
20 development 21 of
21 of 22 ad
23 in 26 individuals
24 cognitively 25 normal
25 normal 26 individuals

disruption in resting state functional connectivity mri ( rs - fcmri ) has been reported in ad and in healthy controls at risk for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disruption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 disruption 2 in
1 disruption 13 has
2 in 7 mri
3 resting 7 mri
4 state 7 mri
5 functional 6 connectivity
6 connectivity 7 mri
7 mri 9 rs
8 ( 9 rs
9 rs 11 fcmri
9 rs 12 )
10 - 11 fcmri
11 fcmri 12 )
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 reported
15 reported 18 and
15 reported 22 at
16 in 17 ad
16 in 18 and
18 and 19 in
19 in 21 controls
20 healthy 21 controls
22 at 23 risk
23 risk 24 for
24 for 25 ad

we explored the relationship among stroop performance , rs - fcmri , and csf aβ₄₂ levels in cognitively normal older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 explored
2 explored 4 relationship
3 the 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 among
5 among 7 performance
6 stroop 7 performance
8 , 13 and
8 , 15 aβ₄₂
9 rs 10 -
9 rs 11 fcmri
11 fcmri 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 csf
13 and 15 aβ₄₂
15 aβ₄₂ 16 levels
15 aβ₄₂ 17 in
17 in 21 adults
18 cognitively 19 normal
19 normal 21 adults
20 older 21 adults

method : a computerized stroop task ( along with standard neuropsychological measures ) , rs - fcmri , and csf were obtained in 237 cognitively normal older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 6 task
2 : 14 ,
3 a 4 computerized
3 a 6 task
4 computerized 6 task
5 stroop 6 task
6 task 9 with
7 ( 9 with
8 along 9 with
9 with 12 measures
9 with 13 )
10 standard 12 measures
11 neuropsychological 12 measures
14 , 19 and
14 , 22 obtained
15 rs 16 -
15 rs 17 fcmri
17 fcmri 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 csf
19 and 21 were
21 were 22 obtained
22 obtained 23 in
23 in 28 adults
24 237 28 adults
25 cognitively 26 normal
26 normal 28 adults
27 older 28 adults

we compared the relationship between stroop performance , including measures from reaction distributional analyses , and composite scores from four resting state networks ( rsns ; default mode [ dmn ] , salience [ sal ] , dorsal attention [ dan []] , and sensory - motor [ smn []] [ )(, and the modulatory influence of csf aβ₄₂ levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 relationship
3 the 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 between
5 between 7 performance
6 stroop 7 performance
8 , 9 including
8 , 10 measures
8 , 15 ,
9 including 10 measures
10 measures 11 from
10 measures 14 analyses
11 from 12 reaction
13 distributional 14 analyses
15 , 16 and
15 , 22 state
15 , 26 ;
16 and 18 scores
17 composite 18 scores
18 scores 19 from
18 scores 22 state
19 from 20 four
20 four 21 resting
22 state 23 networks
23 networks 25 rsns
24 ( 25 rsns
25 rsns 26 ;
26 ; 27 default
26 ; 37 ,
27 default 28 mode
28 mode 30 dmn
28 mode 33 salience
29 [ 30 dmn
30 dmn 31 ]
32 , 33 salience
33 salience 35 sal
33 salience 37 ,
34 [ 35 sal
35 sal 36 ]
37 , 44 and
38 dorsal 44 and
39 attention 41 dan
40 [ 41 dan
41 dan 43 ,
43 , 44 and
44 and 47 motor
44 and 53 and
45 sensory 46 -
45 sensory 47 motor
48 [ 53 and
49 smn 53 and
52 )(, 53 and
53 and 56 influence
53 and 57 of
53 and 61 .
54 the 56 influence
55 modulatory 56 influence
57 of 58 csf
58 csf 59 aβ₄₂
58 csf 60 levels
59 aβ₄₂ 60 levels

results : a larger stroop effect in errors was associated with reduced rs - fcmri within the dmn and sal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 effect
2 : 10 associated
3 a 6 effect
4 larger 6 effect
5 stroop 6 effect
6 effect 7 in
6 effect 9 was
7 in 8 errors
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 -
10 associated 15 fcmri
11 with 13 rs
12 reduced 13 rs
15 fcmri 16 within
16 within 20 sal
17 the 20 sal
18 dmn 19 and
19 and 20 sal
20 sal 21 .

reaction [time] ( rt ) distributional analyses indicated the slow tail of the rt distribution was related to reduced rs - fcmri functional connectivity within the sal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 reaction 4 rt
3 ( 4 rt
4 rt 5 )
4 rt 7 analyses
6 distributional 7 analyses
7 analyses 8 indicated
7 analyses 11 tail
7 analyses 18 to
7 analyses 19 reduced
9 the 11 tail
10 slow 11 tail
11 tail 12 of
11 tail 16 was
12 of 15 distribution
13 the 15 distribution
14 rt 15 distribution
16 was 17 related
17 related 18 to
19 reduced 24 connectivity
20 rs 21 -
20 rs 24 connectivity
22 fcmri 24 connectivity
23 functional 24 connectivity
24 connectivity 25 within
25 within 27 sal
26 the 27 sal

standard psychometric measures were not related to rsn composite scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 standard 3 measures
2 psychometric 3 measures
3 measures 4 were
4 were 5 not
4 were 7 to
5 not 6 related
7 to 10 scores
8 rsn 10 scores
9 composite 10 scores

a relationship between stroop performance and dmn ( but not sal ) functional connectivity was stronger in csf aβ₄₂ - positive individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 6 and
3 between 5 performance
4 stroop 5 performance
6 and 7 dmn
8 ( 9 but
9 but 14 connectivity
9 but 15 was
10 not 11 sal
10 not 12 )
10 not 14 connectivity
13 functional 14 connectivity
14 connectivity 15 was
15 was 16 stronger
16 stronger 17 in
17 in 22 individuals
18 csf 22 individuals
19 aβ₄₂ 20 -
19 aβ₄₂ 22 individuals
21 positive 22 individuals

conclusions : a link exists between rsn composite scores and specific attentional performance measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 4 link
2 : 5 exists
3 a 4 link
4 link 5 exists
5 exists 6 between
6 between 10 and
7 rsn 9 scores
8 composite 9 scores
9 scores 10 and
10 and 14 measures
11 specific 13 performance
12 attentional 13 performance
13 performance 14 measures

both measures may be sensitive biomarkers for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 both 2 measures
2 measures 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 6 biomarkers
5 sensitive 6 biomarkers
6 biomarkers 7 for
7 for 8 ad

objective : this study investigated whether the observed absence of emotional memory enhancement in recognition tasks in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) could be related to their greater proportion of familiarity - based responses for all stimuli , and whether recognition tests with emotional items had better discriminative power for amci patients than those with neutral items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 whether
2 : 30 to
2 : 57 than
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
6 whether 9 absence
6 whether 29 related
7 the 9 absence
8 observed 9 absence
9 absence 10 of
9 absence 27 could
10 of 13 enhancement
11 emotional 12 memory
12 memory 13 enhancement
13 enhancement 14 in
13 enhancement 25 amci
14 in 16 tasks
15 recognition 16 tasks
16 tasks 17 in
17 in 18 patients
18 patients 19 with
19 with 23 impairment
20 amnestic 23 impairment
21 mild 23 impairment
22 cognitive 23 impairment
24 ( 25 amci
25 amci 26 )
27 could 28 be
28 be 29 related
30 to 45 recognition
31 their 33 proportion
32 greater 33 proportion
33 proportion 34 of
33 proportion 43 and
34 of 35 familiarity
35 familiarity 38 responses
36 - 38 responses
37 based 38 responses
38 responses 39 for
38 responses 42 ,
39 for 41 stimuli
40 all 41 stimuli
43 and 44 whether
43 and 45 recognition
45 recognition 46 tests
45 recognition 50 had
46 tests 47 with
46 tests 50 had
47 with 49 items
48 emotional 49 items
50 had 51 better
51 better 53 power
51 better 54 for
52 discriminative 53 power
54 for 56 patients
55 amci 56 patients
57 than 58 those
58 those 59 with
59 with 61 items
60 neutral 61 items

method : in total , 31 amci patients and 30 healthy older adults participated in a recognition test followed by remember/know judgments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 in 4 total
5 , 9 and
5 , 14 participated
6 31 8 patients
7 amci 8 patients
8 patients 9 and
9 and 13 adults
9 and 14 participated
10 30 13 adults
11 healthy 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 participated 15 in
14 participated 20 by
15 in 18 test
16 a 17 recognition
16 a 18 test
17 recognition 18 test
18 test 19 followed
20 by 22 judgments
21 remember/know 22 judgments

positive , neutral , and negative faces were used as stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 faces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 positive 2 ,
2 , 3 neutral
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 negative
5 and 7 faces
7 faces 8 were
8 were 9 used
9 used 10 as
10 as 11 stimuli

results : for overall recognition performance , emotional memory enhancement was found only in healthy controls ; they remembered more negative and positive stimuli than neutral ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 6 performance
4 overall 6 performance
5 recognition 6 performance
7 , 10 enhancement
7 , 12 found
7 , 17 ;
8 emotional 10 enhancement
9 memory 10 enhancement
10 enhancement 11 was
11 was 12 found
12 found 13 only
13 only 14 in
14 in 16 controls
15 healthy 16 controls
17 ; 18 they
17 ; 19 remembered
18 they 19 remembered
19 remembered 24 stimuli
19 remembered 25 than
20 more 24 stimuli
21 negative 22 and
22 and 23 positive
22 and 24 stimuli
25 than 27 ones
26 neutral 27 ones

[for] ["] remember " responses , we found equivalent emotional memory enhancement in both groups , though a greater proportion of " [remember] ["] responses was observed in normal controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remember
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
3 remember 4 "
3 remember 5 responses
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 found
6 , 16 ,
7 we 8 found
8 found 11 memory
8 found 12 enhancement
8 found 13 in
9 equivalent 11 memory
10 emotional 11 memory
13 in 15 groups
14 both 15 groups
16 , 20 proportion
16 , 27 observed
17 though 20 proportion
18 a 20 proportion
19 greater 20 proportion
20 proportion 21 of
20 proportion 26 was
21 of 22 "
21 of 25 responses
26 was 27 observed
27 observed 28 in
28 in 30 controls
29 normal 30 controls

for " [know] ["] responses , amci patients presented a larger proportion than normal controls did , and [their] ["] know " responses were not affected by emotion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 know
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 for 2 "
1 for 5 responses
1 for 6 ,
1 for 8 patients
7 amci 8 patients
8 patients 18 and
9 presented 12 proportion
9 presented 13 than
9 presented 18 and
10 a 12 proportion
11 larger 12 proportion
13 than 16 did
14 normal 15 controls
15 controls 16 did
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 know
21 know 22 "
21 know 23 responses
21 know 24 were
23 responses 24 were
24 were 25 not
24 were 27 by
25 not 26 affected
27 by 28 emotion

a negative correlation was found between emotional enhancement effect and the memory performance related to " know " responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 know
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 3 correlation
2 negative 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 between
6 between 10 and
7 emotional 8 enhancement
8 enhancement 9 effect
9 effect 10 and
10 and 12 memory
11 the 12 memory
13 performance 14 related
14 related 15 to
15 to 16 "
15 to 17 know
17 know 18 "
17 know 19 responses

in addition , receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed higher diagnostic accuracy for recognition [test] with emotional stimuli than with neutral stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 analysis
4 receiver 5 operating
5 operating 6 characteristic
6 characteristic 7 curve
7 curve 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 revealed
9 revealed 12 accuracy
9 revealed 13 for
9 revealed 16 with
9 revealed 19 than
10 higher 11 diagnostic
11 diagnostic 12 accuracy
13 for 14 recognition
16 with 18 stimuli
17 emotional 18 stimuli
19 than 20 with
20 with 22 stimuli
21 neutral 22 stimuli

conclusions : the present results implied that the absence of the emotional memory enhancement effect in amci patients might be related to their tendency to rely more on familiarity - based ["] know " responses for all stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 results
2 : 33 know
2 : 39 .
3 the 5 results
4 present 5 results
5 results 6 implied
5 results 7 that
5 results 20 be
5 results 21 related
5 results 33 know
7 that 9 absence
7 that 20 be
8 the 9 absence
9 absence 10 of
9 absence 19 might
10 of 15 effect
11 the 15 effect
12 emotional 13 memory
13 memory 15 effect
14 enhancement 15 effect
15 effect 16 in
16 in 18 patients
17 amci 18 patients
19 might 20 be
21 related 22 to
21 related 25 to
21 related 27 more
21 related 28 on
21 related 30 -
21 related 31 based
22 to 24 tendency
23 their 24 tendency
25 to 26 rely
28 on 29 familiarity
33 know 34 "
33 know 35 responses
35 responses 36 for
36 for 38 stimuli
37 all 38 stimuli

furthermore , recognition memory tests using emotional stimuli may be better able than neutral stimuli to differentiate people with amci from cognitively normal older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 tests
3 recognition 4 memory
4 memory 5 tests
5 tests 6 using
5 tests 9 may
6 using 8 stimuli
7 emotional 8 stimuli
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 better
10 be 12 able
12 able 13 than
12 able 16 to
12 able 17 differentiate
13 than 15 stimuli
14 neutral 15 stimuli
16 to 17 differentiate
17 differentiate 18 people
18 people 19 with
18 people 21 from
19 with 20 amci
21 from 25 adults
22 cognitively 23 normal
23 normal 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

background : the choice of the best conduit for root/ascending disease and its impact on longevity remain controversial in quinquagenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 and
2 : 17 remain
2 : 21 .
3 the 4 choice
4 choice 5 of
4 choice 12 and
5 of 8 conduit
6 the 7 best
6 the 8 conduit
8 conduit 9 for
9 for 11 disease
10 root/ascending 11 disease
12 and 14 impact
12 and 15 on
12 and 17 remain
13 its 14 impact
15 on 16 longevity
17 remain 18 controversial
18 controversial 19 in
19 in 20 quinquagenarians

methods and results : a total of 205 patients ( men=155 ) between 50 and 60 years ( mean , 55.7 ± 2.9 years ) received either a stentless porcine xenoroot ( n=78 ) or [a] mechanically valved composite prosthesis ( n=127 ) between february 1998 and july 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 15 and
4 : 35 or
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
6 total 13 between
6 total 15 and
7 of 9 patients
8 205 9 patients
9 patients 11 men=155
10 ( 11 men=155
11 men=155 12 )
13 between 14 50
15 and 17 years
15 and 35 or
16 60 17 years
17 years 24 years
18 ( 24 years
19 mean 20 ,
19 mean 24 years
21 55.7 24 years
22 ± 24 years
23 2.9 24 years
24 years 25 )
26 received 27 either
26 received 31 xenoroot
26 received 35 or
28 a 29 stentless
28 a 31 xenoroot
29 stentless 31 xenoroot
30 porcine 31 xenoroot
31 xenoroot 33 n=78
32 ( 33 n=78
33 n=78 34 )
35 or 38 valved
37 mechanically 38 valved
38 valved 40 prosthesis
38 valved 44 between
39 composite 40 prosthesis
40 prosthesis 42 n=127
41 ( 42 n=127
42 n=127 43 )
44 between 47 and
45 february 46 1998
45 february 47 and
47 and 48 july
48 july 49 2011

the predominant aortic valve pathology was stenosis in 19 % ( n=38 ) , regurgitation in 50 % ( n=102 ) , combined valvular dysfunction in 26 % ( n=54 ) , and normal aortic valve function in 5 % ( n=11 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pathology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 5 pathology
2 predominant 4 valve
3 aortic 4 valve
4 valve 5 pathology
5 pathology 6 was
6 was 7 stenosis
7 stenosis 8 in
7 stenosis 15 regurgitation
8 in 10 %
9 19 10 %
10 % 12 n=38
11 ( 12 n=38
12 n=38 13 )
14 , 15 regurgitation
15 regurgitation 16 in
15 regurgitation 21 )
16 in 18 %
17 50 18 %
18 % 20 n=102
19 ( 20 n=102
20 n=102 21 )
22 , 33 and
22 , 37 function
23 combined 25 dysfunction
24 valvular 25 dysfunction
25 dysfunction 26 in
25 dysfunction 33 and
26 in 28 %
27 26 28 %
28 % 30 n=54
29 ( 30 n=54
30 n=54 31 )
32 , 33 and
33 and 36 valve
33 and 37 function
34 normal 36 valve
35 aortic 36 valve
37 function 38 in
38 in 40 %
39 5 40 %
40 % 42 n=11
41 ( 42 n=11
42 n=11 43 )

concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting ( 13 % ) , mitral valve repair ( 7 % ) , [and] partial/complete arch replacement ( 12%/4 [%] ) , with no significant differences between porcine and mechanical root replacement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 procedures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 concomitant 2 procedures
2 procedures 3 included
3 included 7 grafting
3 included 30 with
4 coronary 7 grafting
5 artery 7 grafting
6 bypass 7 grafting
7 grafting 10 %
7 grafting 15 repair
8 ( 10 %
9 13 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 , 15 repair
13 mitral 14 valve
14 valve 15 repair
15 repair 18 %
15 repair 24 replacement
15 repair 29 ,
16 ( 18 %
17 7 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 , 24 replacement
22 partial/complete 23 arch
23 arch 24 replacement
24 replacement 26 12%/4
24 replacement 29 ,
25 ( 26 12%/4
26 12%/4 28 )
30 with 33 differences
31 no 33 differences
32 significant 33 differences
33 differences 34 between
34 between 39 replacement
35 porcine 36 and
36 and 37 mechanical
36 and 39 replacement
38 root 39 replacement

overall hospital mortality was 7.3 % , with no difference between the 2 types of valve prostheses ( 7.7 % for porcine and 7.1 % [for] mechanical root replacement ; p=1.0 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 )(
1 overall 3 mortality
2 hospital 3 mortality
3 mortality 4 was
4 was 6 %
5 7.3 6 %
6 % 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 10 difference
8 with 11 between
8 with 30 ;
9 no 10 difference
11 between 14 types
12 the 13 2
13 2 14 types
14 types 15 of
15 of 17 prostheses
16 valve 17 prostheses
17 prostheses 20 %
18 ( 20 %
19 7.7 20 %
20 % 21 for
20 % 30 ;
21 for 23 and
22 porcine 23 and
23 and 29 replacement
24 7.1 25 %
25 % 29 replacement
27 mechanical 28 root
28 root 29 replacement
30 ; 31 p=1.0

follow - up averaged 5.4 ± 3.7 years ( 1096 patient - years ) and was 100 % [complete] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 - 15 and
3 up 15 and
4 averaged 8 years
4 averaged 15 and
5 5.4 8 years
6 ± 8 years
7 3.7 8 years
8 years 13 years
9 ( 13 years
10 1096 13 years
11 patient 12 -
11 patient 13 years
13 years 14 )
15 and 16 was
16 was 18 %
17 100 18 %

freedom from aorta [-] related reoperation at 12 years was not statistically different between the groups ( [porcine] [:] 94.9 % versus mechanical [:] [96.1] % [;] p=0.73 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 freedom
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 freedom 2 from
1 freedom 7 at
1 freedom 10 was
2 from 6 reoperation
3 aorta 5 related
5 related 6 reoperation
7 at 9 years
8 12 9 years
10 was 11 not
10 was 12 statistically
10 was 13 different
13 different 14 between
14 between 16 groups
15 the 16 groups
16 groups 21 %
17 ( 21 %
20 94.9 21 %
21 % 22 versus
21 % 29 )
22 versus 28 p=0.73
23 mechanical 28 p=0.73
26 % 28 p=0.73

the linearized mortality rate was 3.1%/patient - year [(] porcine [:] 2.9%/patient - year [;] mechanical [:] 3.2%/patient - [year] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 rate
2 linearized 3 mortality
3 mortality 4 rate
4 rate 5 was
5 was 6 3.1%/patient
6 3.1%/patient 12 2.9%/patient
7 - 12 2.9%/patient
8 year 12 2.9%/patient
10 porcine 12 2.9%/patient
12 2.9%/patient 18 3.2%/patient
12 2.9%/patient 21 )
13 - 18 3.2%/patient
14 year 18 3.2%/patient
16 mechanical 18 3.2%/patient
18 3.2%/patient 19 -

conclusions : in quinquagenerians , long - term survival after stentless porcine [xenograft] aortic root replacement is equivalent to that after a mechanical bentall procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 6 long
3 in 4 quinquagenerians
5 , 6 long
6 long 7 -
7 - 9 survival
7 - 17 is
7 - 26 .
8 term 9 survival
9 survival 10 after
9 survival 17 is
10 after 16 replacement
11 stentless 16 replacement
12 porcine 16 replacement
14 aortic 15 root
15 root 16 replacement
17 is 18 equivalent
18 equivalent 19 to
18 equivalent 21 after
19 to 20 that
21 after 25 procedure
22 a 25 procedure
23 mechanical 25 procedure
24 bentall 25 procedure

these results bring into [question] the predominance of mechanical composite conduits for root replacement in quinquagenerians , particularly in the current era of transcatheter [valve] - in [-] valve procedures for structural valve deterioration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 bring
3 bring 4 into
3 bring 12 for
3 bring 15 in
3 bring 27 in
4 into 7 predominance
6 the 7 predominance
7 predominance 8 of
8 of 11 conduits
9 mechanical 10 composite
10 composite 11 conduits
12 for 14 replacement
13 root 14 replacement
15 in 16 quinquagenerians
16 quinquagenerians 19 in
17 , 18 particularly
17 , 19 in
19 in 22 era
19 in 26 -
20 the 22 era
21 current 22 era
22 era 23 of
23 of 24 transcatheter
27 in 30 procedures
29 valve 30 procedures
30 procedures 31 for
31 for 34 deterioration
32 structural 33 valve
33 valve 34 deterioration

ageing is associated with a variety of pathophysiological changes , including development of insulin resistance , progressive decline [in] β - cell function and chronic inflammation , all of which affect metabolic homeostasis in response to nutritional and environmental stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 6 variety
5 a 6 variety
6 variety 7 of
7 of 9 changes
8 pathophysiological 9 changes
10 , 28 all
10 , 31 affect
11 including 24 and
11 including 27 ,
11 including 28 all
12 development 13 of
12 development 16 ,
13 of 15 resistance
14 insulin 15 resistance
16 , 23 function
16 , 24 and
17 progressive 23 function
18 decline 23 function
20 β 21 -
20 β 22 cell
22 cell 23 function
24 and 26 inflammation
25 chronic 26 inflammation
28 all 29 of
28 all 31 affect
29 of 30 which
31 affect 33 homeostasis
32 metabolic 33 homeostasis
33 homeostasis 35 response
33 homeostasis 36 to
34 in 35 response
36 to 38 and
37 nutritional 38 and
38 and 40 stimuli
39 environmental 40 stimuli

sirt1 , the mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad ) - dependent protein deacetylase , and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ( nampt ) , the rate - limiting nad biosynthetic enzyme , together comprise a novel systemic regulatory network , named the ['] nad world ['] , that orchestrates physiological responses to internal and external perturbations and maintains the robustness of the physiological system in mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 comprise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 sirt1 7 dinucleotide
1 sirt1 16 and
2 , 7 dinucleotide
3 the 7 dinucleotide
4 mammalian 7 dinucleotide
5 nicotinamide 6 adenine
6 adenine 7 dinucleotide
7 dinucleotide 9 nad
7 dinucleotide 14 deacetylase
7 dinucleotide 15 ,
8 ( 9 nad
9 nad 10 )
11 - 14 deacetylase
12 dependent 14 deacetylase
13 protein 14 deacetylase
14 deacetylase 15 ,
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 phosphoribosyltransferase
16 and 20 nampt
16 and 24 rate
16 and 26 limiting
16 and 32 comprise
17 nicotinamide 18 phosphoribosyltransferase
19 ( 20 nampt
20 nampt 21 )
22 , 24 rate
23 the 24 rate
24 rate 25 -
25 - 26 limiting
26 limiting 29 enzyme
26 limiting 30 ,
27 nad 29 enzyme
28 biosynthetic 29 enzyme
31 together 32 comprise
32 comprise 37 network
33 a 34 novel
33 a 37 network
34 novel 37 network
35 systemic 37 network
36 regulatory 37 network
38 , 46 that
38 , 55 and
39 named 43 world
39 named 45 ,
39 named 46 that
40 the 43 world
42 nad 43 world
46 that 55 and
47 orchestrates 49 responses
47 orchestrates 55 and
48 physiological 49 responses
49 responses 50 to
50 to 54 perturbations
51 internal 52 and
52 and 53 external
52 and 54 perturbations
55 and 56 maintains
55 and 63 in
56 maintains 58 robustness
57 the 58 robustness
58 robustness 59 of
59 of 62 system
60 the 62 system
61 physiological 62 system
63 in 64 mammals

in the past decade , an accumulating body of evidence has demonstrated that sirt1 and nampt , two essential components in the nad world , play a critical role in regulating insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion throughout the body . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 4 decade
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 body
2 the 4 decade
3 past 4 decade
6 an 8 body
7 accumulating 8 body
8 body 9 of
8 body 11 has
9 of 10 evidence
11 has 12 demonstrated
12 demonstrated 13 that
13 that 15 and
13 that 26 play
14 sirt1 15 and
15 and 16 nampt
15 and 26 play
16 nampt 20 components
17 , 20 components
18 two 20 components
19 essential 20 components
20 components 21 in
20 components 25 ,
21 in 24 world
22 the 24 world
23 nad 24 world
26 play 29 role
27 a 29 role
28 critical 29 role
29 role 30 in
30 in 31 regulating
31 regulating 34 and
31 regulating 37 throughout
32 insulin 33 sensitivity
33 sensitivity 34 and
34 and 36 secretion
35 insulin 36 secretion
37 throughout 39 body
38 the 39 body

in this article , we will summarize the physiological significance of sirt1 and nampt - mediated nad biosynthesis in metabolic regulation and discuss the ideas of functional hierarchy [and] frailty in determining the robustness of the system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 13 and
6 will 7 summarize
6 will 13 and
7 summarize 10 significance
8 the 10 significance
9 physiological 10 significance
10 significance 11 of
11 of 12 sirt1
13 and 22 and
13 and 31 in
14 nampt 15 -
14 nampt 22 and
16 mediated 18 biosynthesis
16 mediated 19 in
16 mediated 22 and
17 nad 18 biosynthesis
19 in 21 regulation
20 metabolic 21 regulation
22 and 23 discuss
23 discuss 25 ideas
24 the 25 ideas
25 ideas 26 of
26 of 30 frailty
27 functional 28 hierarchy
28 hierarchy 30 frailty
31 in 32 determining
32 determining 34 robustness
33 the 34 robustness
34 robustness 35 of
35 of 37 system
36 the 37 system

we will also discuss the potential of key nad intermediates as effective nutriceuticals for the prevention and the treatment of age - associated metabolic complications , such as type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 4 discuss
3 also 4 discuss
4 discuss 6 potential
4 discuss 11 as
5 the 6 potential
6 potential 7 of
7 of 10 intermediates
8 key 10 intermediates
9 nad 10 intermediates
11 as 13 nutriceuticals
12 effective 13 nutriceuticals
13 nutriceuticals 14 for
13 nutriceuticals 20 of
13 nutriceuticals 28 as
14 for 17 and
15 the 16 prevention
16 prevention 17 and
17 and 19 treatment
18 the 19 treatment
20 of 21 age
21 age 25 complications
22 - 25 complications
23 associated 25 complications
24 metabolic 25 complications
25 complications 26 ,
27 such 28 as
28 as 31 diabetes
29 type 31 diabetes
30 2 31 diabetes

some features of sporadic inclusion body myositis ( s - ibm ) suggest that there is acceleration of the normal ageing process in muscle tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 some 2 features
2 features 3 of
2 features 13 suggest
3 of 7 myositis
4 sporadic 5 inclusion
5 inclusion 6 body
6 body 7 myositis
7 myositis 10 -
8 ( 10 -
9 s 10 -
10 - 11 ibm
10 - 12 )
13 suggest 14 that
14 that 15 there
14 that 16 is
16 is 17 acceleration
16 is 22 process
17 acceleration 18 of
18 of 21 ageing
19 the 21 ageing
20 normal 21 ageing
22 process 23 in
23 in 25 tissue
24 muscle 25 tissue

lmna encodes the nuclear lamina proteins lamin a/c through alternative splicing , and aberrant splicing of exon 11 leads to the premature ageing disease , hutchinson - gilford progeria syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lmna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 encodes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
1 lmna 2 encodes
2 encodes 8 a/c
2 encodes 9 through
3 the 8 a/c
4 nuclear 6 proteins
5 lamina 6 proteins
6 proteins 8 a/c
7 lamin 8 a/c
9 through 13 and
10 alternative 11 splicing
10 alternative 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 splicing
14 aberrant 15 splicing
15 splicing 16 of
16 of 19 leads
17 exon 19 leads
18 11 19 leads
19 leads 20 to
20 to 24 disease
21 the 24 disease
22 premature 23 ageing
23 ageing 24 disease
25 , 26 hutchinson
25 , 27 -
27 - 30 syndrome
27 - 31 .
28 gilford 30 syndrome
29 progeria 30 syndrome

progerin , the pathogenic isoform expressed in hgps tissues , has also been detected at low levels in tissues of normal individuals with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 progerin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 progerin 5 isoform
1 progerin 11 has
2 , 5 isoform
3 the 5 isoform
4 pathogenic 5 isoform
5 isoform 6 expressed
5 isoform 10 ,
6 expressed 7 in
7 in 9 tissues
8 hgps 9 tissues
11 has 13 been
12 also 13 been
13 been 14 detected
14 detected 15 at
14 detected 18 in
14 detected 23 with
15 at 17 levels
16 low 17 levels
18 in 19 tissues
19 tissues 20 of
20 of 22 individuals
21 normal 22 individuals
23 with 24 aging

we therefore investigated the alternative splicing of lmna gene transcripts , and the post - translational processing of prelamin a , [in] s - ibm and control muscle samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 we 3 investigated
2 therefore 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 alternative
4 the 5 alternative
5 alternative 6 splicing
5 alternative 7 of
7 of 12 and
8 lmna 10 transcripts
9 gene 10 transcripts
10 transcripts 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 post
13 the 14 post
15 - 17 processing
16 translational 17 processing
17 processing 18 of
17 processing 24 -
18 of 19 prelamin
19 prelamin 20 a
21 , 24 -
23 s 24 -
24 - 29 samples
24 - 30 .
25 ibm 26 and
26 and 28 muscle
26 and 29 samples
27 control 28 muscle

however , an age - related [shift] in the balance of splicing towards lamin a - related transcripts , which was present in normal muscles , was not found in [s] - ibm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 age
3 an 4 age
4 age 6 related
4 age 17 related
5 - 6 related
6 related 8 in
6 related 16 -
8 in 10 balance
9 the 10 balance
10 balance 11 of
11 of 12 splicing
12 splicing 13 towards
13 towards 14 lamin
14 lamin 15 a
17 related 18 transcripts
19 , 20 which
19 , 26 ,
19 , 32 -
20 which 26 ,
21 was 22 present
21 was 26 ,
22 present 23 in
23 in 25 muscles
24 normal 25 muscles
26 , 27 was
27 was 28 not
27 was 29 found
29 found 30 in
32 - 33 ibm
32 - 34 .

despite improvements in human leukocyte antigen matching and pharmacologic prophylaxis , acute graft - [versus] - host disease ( gvhd ) is often a fatal complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplant ( hsct ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 despite 8 and
1 despite 16 -
1 despite 18 disease
2 improvements 3 in
2 improvements 8 and
3 in 6 antigen
4 human 6 antigen
5 leukocyte 6 antigen
6 antigen 7 matching
8 and 10 prophylaxis
8 and 13 graft
9 pharmacologic 10 prophylaxis
11 , 13 graft
12 acute 13 graft
13 graft 14 -
17 host 18 disease
18 disease 20 gvhd
18 disease 22 is
19 ( 20 gvhd
20 gvhd 21 )
22 is 23 often
22 is 31 transplant
24 a 25 fatal
24 a 31 transplant
25 fatal 31 transplant
26 complication 27 following
27 following 31 transplant
28 hematopoietic 31 transplant
29 stem 31 transplant
30 cell 31 transplant
31 transplant 33 hsct
32 ( 33 hsct
33 hsct 34 )

older hsct recipients experience significantly increased morbidity and mortality compared to young recipients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recipients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 older 3 recipients
2 hsct 3 recipients
3 recipients 4 experience
4 experience 8 and
5 significantly 6 increased
6 increased 7 morbidity
7 morbidity 8 and
8 and 9 mortality
8 and 10 compared
10 compared 11 to
11 to 13 recipients
12 young 13 recipients

prophylaxis with syngeneic regulatory dendritic cells ( dcreg ) in young bone marrow transplanted ( bmt ) [mice] has been shown to decrease gvhd - associated mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prophylaxis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 prophylaxis 2 with
1 prophylaxis 10 in
1 prophylaxis 14 transplanted
1 prophylaxis 16 bmt
1 prophylaxis 19 has
2 with 6 cells
3 syngeneic 6 cells
4 regulatory 6 cells
5 dendritic 6 cells
6 cells 8 dcreg
7 ( 8 dcreg
8 dcreg 9 )
10 in 13 marrow
11 young 12 bone
12 bone 13 marrow
15 ( 16 bmt
16 bmt 17 )
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 shown
21 shown 22 to
22 to 23 decrease
23 decrease 24 gvhd
25 - 27 mortality
26 associated 27 mortality

to evaluate this approach in older bmt recipients , young ( 3 - 4 months ) and older ( 14 - 18 months ) dcreg were generated using gm - csf , il - 10 , and tgfβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 dcreg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 generated
1 to 2 evaluate
1 to 9 ,
1 to 25 dcreg
2 evaluate 4 approach
2 evaluate 5 in
3 this 4 approach
5 in 8 recipients
6 older 8 recipients
7 bmt 8 recipients
10 young 13 -
10 young 17 and
11 ( 13 -
12 3 13 -
13 - 15 months
13 - 16 )
14 4 15 months
17 and 18 older
17 and 25 dcreg
18 older 21 -
19 ( 21 -
20 14 21 -
21 - 23 months
21 - 24 )
22 18 23 months
25 dcreg 26 were
26 were 27 generated
27 generated 28 using
28 using 31 csf
29 gm 31 csf
30 - 31 csf
31 csf 37 and
32 , 37 and
33 il 35 10
33 il 37 and
34 - 35 10
35 10 36 ,
37 and 38 tgfβ
37 and 39 .

analysis of young [versus] older dcreg following culture revealed no differences in phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 phenotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 analysis 2 of
1 analysis 13 phenotype
2 of 6 dcreg
3 young 5 older
5 older 6 dcreg
6 dcreg 7 following
6 dcreg 8 culture
6 dcreg 12 in
8 culture 9 revealed
9 revealed 11 differences
9 revealed 12 in
10 no 11 differences

the efficacy of dcreg treatment in older bmt mice was evaluated in a balb/c→c57bl/6 model of gvhd ; on day 2 post - bmt ( [d] +2 ) , mice received syngeneic , age - matched dcreg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
1 the 2 efficacy
2 efficacy 3 of
2 efficacy 6 in
2 efficacy 10 was
3 of 5 treatment
4 dcreg 5 treatment
6 in 9 mice
7 older 9 mice
8 bmt 9 mice
10 was 11 evaluated
11 evaluated 12 in
12 in 15 model
13 a 15 model
14 balb/c→c57bl/6 15 model
15 model 16 of
16 of 17 gvhd
18 ; 30 mice
18 ; 33 ,
18 ; 35 -
19 on 22 post
19 on 29 ,
19 on 30 mice
20 day 21 2
20 day 22 post
22 post 24 bmt
23 - 24 bmt
24 bmt 27 +2
24 bmt 29 ,
25 ( 27 +2
27 +2 28 )
30 mice 33 ,
31 received 32 syngeneic
31 received 33 ,
33 , 34 age
35 - 37 dcreg
35 - 38 .
36 matched 37 dcreg

although older dcreg - treated bmt mice showed decreased morbidity and mortality compared to untreated bmt mice ( all of which died ) , there was a small but significant decrease in the survival of older dcreg - treated bmt mice ( 75 % survival ) compared to young dcreg - treated bmt mice ( 90 % survival ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
1 although 3 dcreg
1 although 11 and
2 older 3 dcreg
3 dcreg 9 decreased
4 - 9 decreased
5 treated 6 bmt
6 bmt 7 mice
6 bmt 8 showed
6 bmt 9 decreased
7 mice 8 showed
10 morbidity 11 and
11 and 12 mortality
11 and 13 compared
13 compared 14 to
14 to 17 mice
15 untreated 17 mice
16 bmt 17 mice
17 mice 19 all
18 ( 19 all
19 all 20 of
19 all 23 )
20 of 21 which
21 which 22 died
24 , 25 there
24 , 26 was
25 there 26 was
26 was 31 decrease
27 a 31 decrease
28 small 29 but
29 but 30 significant
29 but 31 decrease
31 decrease 32 in
31 decrease 47 compared
32 in 34 survival
33 the 34 survival
34 survival 35 of
34 survival 41 mice
35 of 37 dcreg
36 older 37 dcreg
38 - 41 mice
39 treated 41 mice
40 bmt 41 mice
41 mice 45 survival
41 mice 46 )
42 ( 45 survival
43 75 44 %
44 % 45 survival
45 survival 46 )
47 compared 48 to
48 to 50 dcreg
49 young 50 dcreg
50 dcreg 54 mice
51 - 54 mice
52 treated 54 mice
53 bmt 54 mice
54 mice 58 survival
54 mice 60 .
55 ( 58 survival
56 90 57 %
57 % 58 survival
58 survival 59 )

to investigate differences between dendritic cells ( [dc] [ )(in young and older dcreg - treated bmt mice that may play a role in dcreg function in vivo , [dc] phenotypes were assessed following dcreg adoptive transfer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 bmt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 to 2 investigate
1 to 15 -
1 to 17 bmt
2 investigate 3 differences
3 differences 4 between
3 differences 10 )(in
4 between 6 cells
5 dendritic 6 cells
7 ( 10 )(in
10 )(in 14 dcreg
10 )(in 15 -
11 young 12 and
12 and 13 older
12 and 14 dcreg
16 treated 17 bmt
17 bmt 18 mice
17 bmt 29 ,
17 bmt 32 were
18 mice 19 that
18 mice 20 may
18 mice 29 ,
19 that 20 may
20 may 21 play
21 play 23 role
21 play 24 in
22 a 23 role
24 in 25 dcreg
26 function 28 vivo
26 function 29 ,
27 in 28 vivo
29 , 31 phenotypes
32 were 37 transfer
33 assessed 34 following
34 following 37 transfer
35 dcreg 37 transfer
36 adoptive 37 transfer

transferred dcreg identified in older dcreg - treated bmt mice at [d] +3 showed significantly lower expression of pd - l1 and pir b compared to dcreg from young dcreg - treated bmt mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dcreg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 transferred 2 dcreg
2 dcreg 3 identified
2 dcreg 10 mice
2 dcreg 14 showed
2 dcreg 32 treated
3 identified 4 in
3 identified 7 -
3 identified 8 treated
4 in 6 dcreg
5 older 6 dcreg
9 bmt 10 mice
10 mice 11 at
10 mice 14 showed
11 at 13 +3
14 showed 17 expression
15 significantly 16 lower
16 lower 17 expression
17 expression 18 of
18 of 19 pd
19 pd 23 pir
20 - 23 pir
21 l1 22 and
22 and 23 pir
23 pir 24 b
23 pir 25 compared
23 pir 28 from
23 pir 31 -
25 compared 26 to
26 to 27 dcreg
28 from 30 dcreg
29 young 30 dcreg
32 treated 34 mice
33 bmt 34 mice

in addition , donor [dc] identified [in] [d] +21 dcreg - treated bmt mice displayed increased inhibitory molecule and decreased co - stimulatory molecule expression compared to [d] +3 , suggesting induction of a regulatory phenotype on the donor [dc] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 compared
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 18 molecule
3 , 19 and
4 donor 6 identified
6 identified 9 +21
9 +21 18 molecule
10 dcreg 16 increased
10 dcreg 18 molecule
11 - 16 increased
12 treated 13 bmt
13 bmt 14 mice
13 bmt 15 displayed
13 bmt 16 increased
14 mice 15 displayed
17 inhibitory 18 molecule
19 and 25 expression
19 and 26 compared
20 decreased 23 stimulatory
21 co 22 -
21 co 23 stimulatory
23 stimulatory 24 molecule
24 molecule 25 expression
26 compared 27 to
26 compared 31 suggesting
27 to 29 +3
30 , 31 suggesting
31 suggesting 32 induction
31 suggesting 37 on
31 suggesting 41 .
32 induction 33 of
33 of 36 phenotype
34 a 35 regulatory
34 a 36 phenotype
35 regulatory 36 phenotype
37 on 39 donor
38 the 39 donor

in conclusion , these data indicate dcreg treatment is effective in the modulation of gvhd in older bmt recipients and provide evidence for inhibitory pathways that dcreg and donor [dc] may utilize to induce and maintain tolerance to gvhd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 data
3 , 20 and
4 these 5 data
5 data 20 and
6 indicate 8 treatment
6 indicate 9 is
6 indicate 20 and
7 dcreg 8 treatment
8 treatment 9 is
9 is 10 effective
10 effective 11 in
10 effective 16 in
11 in 13 modulation
12 the 13 modulation
13 modulation 14 of
14 of 15 gvhd
16 in 19 recipients
17 older 19 recipients
18 bmt 19 recipients
20 and 35 and
21 provide 22 evidence
21 provide 35 and
22 evidence 23 for
22 evidence 33 to
22 evidence 34 induce
23 for 25 pathways
24 inhibitory 25 pathways
25 pathways 26 that
25 pathways 32 utilize
26 that 28 and
26 that 32 utilize
27 dcreg 28 and
28 and 29 donor
28 and 31 may
31 may 32 utilize
33 to 34 induce
35 and 36 maintain
36 maintain 37 tolerance
36 maintain 38 to
38 to 39 gvhd

community - acquired lower respiratory tract infections ( lrti ) and pneumonia ( cap ) are common causes of morbidity and mortality among those aged ≥65 years ; a growing [population] in [many] countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 community 7 infections
1 community 11 and
2 - 7 infections
3 acquired 6 tract
4 lower 6 tract
5 respiratory 6 tract
6 tract 7 infections
7 infections 9 lrti
7 infections 10 )
8 ( 9 lrti
9 lrti 10 )
11 and 12 pneumonia
11 and 14 cap
11 and 16 are
13 ( 14 cap
14 cap 15 )
16 are 18 causes
16 are 23 among
17 common 18 causes
18 causes 19 of
19 of 21 and
20 morbidity 21 and
21 and 22 mortality
23 among 27 years
24 those 27 years
25 aged 27 years
26 ≥65 27 years
28 ; 34 countries
29 a 32 in
30 growing 32 in
32 in 34 countries

detailed incidence estimates for these infections among older adults in the united kingdom ( uk ) are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 detailed 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 estimates
3 estimates 4 for
3 estimates 17 are
4 for 6 infections
5 these 6 infections
6 infections 7 among
6 infections 10 in
7 among 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 in 13 kingdom
11 the 13 kingdom
12 united 13 kingdom
13 kingdom 15 uk
14 ( 15 uk
15 uk 16 )
17 are 18 lacking

we used electronic general practice records from the clinical practice research data link [,] linked to hospital episode statistics inpatient data , to estimate incidence of community - acquired lrti and cap among uk older adults between april 1997 - march 2011 , by age , sex , region and deprivation quintile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
1 we 2 used
2 used 6 records
2 used 7 from
3 electronic 6 records
4 general 5 practice
5 practice 6 records
7 from 9 clinical
8 the 9 clinical
9 clinical 13 link
9 clinical 15 linked
10 practice 13 link
11 research 12 data
12 data 13 link
13 link 15 linked
15 linked 16 to
16 to 18 episode
17 hospital 18 episode
18 episode 21 data
18 episode 29 acquired
19 statistics 21 data
20 inpatient 21 data
21 data 23 to
21 data 29 acquired
22 , 23 to
23 to 24 estimate
23 to 28 -
24 estimate 25 incidence
25 incidence 26 of
26 of 27 community
29 acquired 32 cap
29 acquired 33 among
30 lrti 31 and
31 and 32 cap
33 among 34 uk
34 uk 44 by
35 older 36 adults
36 adults 37 between
36 adults 41 march
37 between 38 april
38 april 39 1997
40 - 41 march
41 march 42 2011
41 march 43 ,
43 , 44 by
44 by 50 and
44 by 53 .
45 age 46 ,
46 , 47 sex
46 , 48 ,
48 , 49 region
48 , 50 and
50 and 52 quintile
50 and 53 .
51 deprivation 52 quintile

levels of antibiotic prescribing were also assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 levels 2 of
1 levels 5 were
2 of 4 prescribing
3 antibiotic 4 prescribing
5 were 7 assessed
6 also 7 assessed

lrti [incidence] increased with fluctuations over time , was higher in men than women aged ≥70 and increased with age from 92.21 episodes/1000 person [-] years ( 65 - 69 years ) to 187.91/1000 ( 85 - 89 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lrti
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 lrti 8 ,
3 increased 4 with
3 increased 6 over
3 increased 8 ,
4 with 5 fluctuations
6 over 7 time
8 , 9 was
8 , 13 than
9 was 10 higher
10 higher 11 in
11 in 12 men
13 than 14 women
13 than 17 and
14 women 17 and
15 aged 16 ≥70
15 aged 17 and
17 and 18 increased
18 increased 19 with
18 increased 33 to
18 increased 37 -
19 with 20 age
19 with 26 years
20 age 21 from
21 from 22 92.21
23 episodes/1000 24 person
24 person 26 years
26 years 31 years
27 ( 31 years
28 65 29 -
29 - 30 69
29 - 31 years
31 years 32 )
33 to 34 187.91/1000
35 ( 37 -
36 85 37 -
37 - 39 years
37 - 40 )
38 89 39 years

cap [incidence] increased more markedly with age , from 2.81 to 21.81 episodes/1000 [person] - years respectively , and was higher among men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cap
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 cap 19 and
3 increased 5 markedly
3 increased 6 with
3 increased 17 respectively
3 increased 19 and
4 more 5 markedly
6 with 7 age
6 with 16 years
7 age 9 from
8 , 9 from
9 from 10 2.81
9 from 15 -
10 2.81 11 to
11 to 13 episodes/1000
12 21.81 13 episodes/1000
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 was
20 was 21 higher
21 higher 22 among
22 among 23 men

for both infection groups , increases over time were attenuated after age - standardisation , indicating that [these] rises were largely due to population aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 for 4 groups
1 for 5 ,
1 for 6 increases
2 both 4 groups
3 infection 4 groups
6 increases 7 over
6 increases 9 were
7 over 8 time
9 were 10 attenuated
10 attenuated 11 after
11 after 12 age
12 age 14 standardisation
13 - 14 standardisation
14 standardisation 15 ,
15 , 16 indicating
15 , 20 were
16 indicating 17 that
16 indicating 19 rises
16 indicating 20 were
17 that 19 rises
20 were 21 largely
20 were 23 to
22 due 23 to
23 to 24 population
24 population 25 aging

rates among those in the most deprived quintile were around 70 % higher than the least deprived and were generally higher in the north of england . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 rates 2 among
1 rates 9 were
2 among 3 those
3 those 4 in
4 in 8 quintile
5 the 6 most
6 most 8 quintile
7 deprived 8 quintile
9 were 12 %
10 around 11 70
11 70 12 %
12 % 13 higher
12 % 18 and
13 higher 14 than
13 higher 16 least
15 the 16 least
17 deprived 18 and
18 and 19 were
19 were 20 generally
19 were 21 higher
21 higher 22 in
22 in 24 north
23 the 24 north
24 north 25 of
25 of 26 england

gp antibiotic prescribing rates were high for lrti but lower for cap ( mostly due to immediate hospitalisation ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 gp 2 antibiotic
2 antibiotic 4 rates
3 prescribing 4 rates
4 rates 5 were
5 were 9 but
6 high 7 for
6 high 9 but
7 for 8 lrti
9 but 10 lower
10 lower 11 for
10 lower 16 to
11 for 12 cap
13 ( 14 mostly
13 ( 16 to
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 hospitalisation
16 to 19 )
17 immediate 18 hospitalisation

this is the first study to provide long - term detailed incidence estimates of community [-] acquired lrti and cap in uk older individuals , taking person [-] time at risk into account . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 study
3 the 5 study
4 first 5 study
5 study 6 to
5 study 7 provide
6 to 7 provide
7 provide 13 estimates
7 provide 33 account
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 term
10 term 13 estimates
11 detailed 13 estimates
12 incidence 13 estimates
13 estimates 14 of
13 estimates 26 taking
14 of 19 and
15 community 17 acquired
17 acquired 18 lrti
18 lrti 19 and
19 and 20 cap
19 and 25 ,
20 cap 21 in
21 in 24 individuals
22 uk 24 individuals
23 older 24 individuals
26 taking 29 time
26 taking 30 at
27 person 29 time
30 at 31 risk
32 into 33 account

the summary incidence commonly presented for the ≥65 age group considerably underestimates lrti/cap rates , particularly among older individuals within this group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 underestimates
1 the 3 incidence
2 summary 3 incidence
3 incidence 5 presented
3 incidence 12 underestimates
4 commonly 5 presented
5 presented 6 for
6 for 10 group
7 the 10 group
8 ≥65 10 group
9 age 10 group
11 considerably 12 underestimates
12 underestimates 14 rates
13 lrti/cap 14 rates
14 rates 17 among
15 , 16 particularly
15 , 17 among
17 among 19 individuals
17 among 23 .
18 older 19 individuals
19 individuals 20 within
20 within 22 group
21 this 22 group

our methodology and findings are likely to be highly relevant to health planners and researchers in other countries with aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 our 2 methodology
2 methodology 3 and
3 and 4 findings
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 likely
6 likely 7 to
6 likely 8 be
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 highly
8 be 10 relevant
10 relevant 11 to
10 relevant 16 in
11 to 14 and
12 health 13 planners
13 planners 14 and
14 and 15 researchers
16 in 18 countries
17 other 18 countries
18 countries 19 with
19 with 20 aging
20 aging 21 populations

with ageing populations , it becomes [increasingly] important to understand the determinants of cognitive ability among the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 becomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 with 3 populations
1 with 4 ,
1 with 5 it
2 ageing 3 populations
5 it 6 becomes
6 becomes 8 important
8 important 9 to
8 important 10 understand
9 to 10 understand
10 understand 12 determinants
10 understand 16 among
11 the 12 determinants
12 determinants 13 of
13 of 15 ability
14 cognitive 15 ability
16 among 18 elderly
17 the 18 elderly

we apply survey data of 17,070 respondents from ten countries to examine several domains of cognitive functioning at ages 60+ , and we link them to the macro - economic deviations in the year of birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 apply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 apply
2 apply 4 data
2 apply 8 from
2 apply 11 to
3 survey 4 data
4 data 5 of
5 of 7 respondents
6 17,070 7 respondents
8 from 10 countries
9 ten 10 countries
11 to 12 examine
12 examine 14 domains
12 examine 24 link
13 several 14 domains
14 domains 15 of
14 domains 24 link
15 of 17 functioning
16 cognitive 17 functioning
17 functioning 18 at
18 at 22 and
19 ages 20 60+
20 60+ 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 we
24 link 25 them
24 link 26 to
24 link 32 in
26 to 31 deviations
27 the 31 deviations
28 macro 29 -
28 macro 31 deviations
30 economic 31 deviations
32 in 34 year
33 the 34 year
34 year 35 of
35 of 36 birth

we find that economic conditions at birth significantly influence cognitive functioning late in life in various domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 3 that
3 that 5 conditions
3 that 9 influence
4 economic 5 conditions
5 conditions 6 at
5 conditions 9 influence
6 at 7 birth
8 significantly 9 influence
9 influence 11 functioning
10 cognitive 11 functioning
11 functioning 12 late
12 late 13 in
12 late 15 in
13 in 14 life
15 in 17 domains
16 various 17 domains

recessions negatively influence numeracy , verbal fluency , recall abilities , as well as the score on the omnibus cognitive indicator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recessions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 recessions 3 influence
2 negatively 3 influence
3 influence 4 numeracy
3 influence 14 as
3 influence 17 on
4 numeracy 7 fluency
5 , 7 fluency
6 verbal 7 fluency
7 fluency 10 abilities
7 fluency 11 ,
8 , 10 abilities
9 recall 10 abilities
10 abilities 11 ,
12 as 13 well
13 well 14 as
14 as 16 score
15 the 16 score
17 on 21 indicator
18 the 21 indicator
19 omnibus 21 indicator
20 cognitive 21 indicator

the results are robust ; controlling for current characteristics does not change effect sizes and significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 robust
5 ; 6 controlling
5 ; 12 change
6 controlling 7 for
6 controlling 10 does
7 for 9 characteristics
8 current 9 characteristics
10 does 11 not
10 does 12 change
12 change 15 and
13 effect 14 sizes
14 sizes 15 and
15 and 16 significance

we discuss possible causal social and biological pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 8 pathways
3 possible 8 pathways
4 causal 8 pathways
5 social 6 and
6 and 7 biological
6 and 8 pathways

introduction : foot disorders [are] common among older adults and may lead to outcomes such as [falls] [and] functional limitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 10 and
3 foot 4 disorders
3 foot 10 and
4 disorders 6 common
6 common 7 among
7 among 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 and 11 may
11 may 12 lead
12 lead 13 to
13 to 14 outcomes
14 outcomes 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 20 limitation
19 functional 20 limitation

however , the associations of foot posture and foot function to specific foot disorders at the population level remain poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 associations
3 the 4 associations
4 associations 5 of
4 associations 11 to
4 associations 19 remain
5 of 8 and
6 foot 7 posture
7 posture 8 and
8 and 10 function
9 foot 10 function
11 to 14 disorders
12 specific 13 foot
13 foot 14 disorders
14 disorders 15 at
15 at 18 level
16 the 18 level
17 population 18 level
19 remain 20 poorly
19 remain 21 understood

the purpose of this study was to assess the relation between specific foot disorders , foot posture , and foot function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 relation
9 the 10 relation
10 relation 11 between
11 between 19 and
12 specific 13 foot
13 foot 14 disorders
14 disorders 15 ,
15 , 17 posture
15 , 19 and
16 foot 17 posture
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 function
20 foot 21 function

methods : participants were from the population - based framingham foot study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 were
2 : 8 -
2 : 13 .
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 from
5 from 7 population
6 the 7 population
8 - 12 study
9 based 12 study
10 framingham 11 foot
11 foot 12 study

quintiles of the modified arch index and center of pressure excursion index [from] plantar pressure scans were used to create foot posture and function subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 quintiles 2 of
1 quintiles 7 and
2 of 6 index
3 the 6 index
4 modified 6 index
5 arch 6 index
7 and 8 center
7 and 9 of
7 and 23 and
9 of 10 pressure
10 pressure 15 pressure
10 pressure 16 scans
11 excursion 15 pressure
12 index 15 pressure
14 plantar 15 pressure
15 pressure 16 scans
17 were 18 used
17 were 23 and
18 used 19 to
18 used 20 create
19 to 20 create
20 create 22 posture
21 foot 22 posture
23 and 24 function
23 and 25 subgroups

adjusted odds ratios of having each specific disorder were calculated for foot posture and function subgroups relative to a referent 3 quintiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 adjusted 2 odds
2 odds 3 ratios
2 odds 9 were
2 odds 10 calculated
3 ratios 4 of
3 ratios 9 were
4 of 5 having
5 having 6 each
5 having 8 disorder
7 specific 8 disorder
10 calculated 11 for
10 calculated 22 quintiles
11 for 16 subgroups
12 foot 13 posture
13 posture 14 and
14 and 15 function
14 and 16 subgroups
16 subgroups 17 relative
17 relative 18 to
18 to 20 referent
19 a 20 referent
21 3 22 quintiles

results : pes planus foot posture was associated with increased odds of hammer toes and overlapping toes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 planus
2 : 8 associated
2 : 18 .
3 pes 4 planus
4 planus 6 posture
4 planus 7 was
4 planus 8 associated
5 foot 6 posture
6 posture 7 was
8 associated 9 with
9 with 15 and
10 increased 11 odds
11 odds 12 of
11 odds 15 and
12 of 14 toes
13 hammer 14 toes
15 and 17 toes
16 overlapping 17 toes

cavus foot posture was not associated with the foot disorders evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 posture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 cavus 3 posture
2 foot 3 posture
3 posture 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 7 with
5 not 6 associated
7 with 10 disorders
8 the 10 disorders
9 foot 10 disorders
10 disorders 11 evaluated

odds of having hallux valgus and overlapping toes were significantly increased in those with pronated foot function , while odds of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus were significantly decreased in those with supinated function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 odds 2 of
1 odds 6 and
2 of 3 having
3 having 5 valgus
4 hallux 5 valgus
6 and 7 overlapping
6 and 8 toes
6 and 14 with
6 and 15 pronated
8 toes 9 were
9 were 10 significantly
9 were 11 increased
11 increased 12 in
11 increased 14 with
12 in 13 those
15 pronated 17 function
16 foot 17 function
18 , 34 function
19 while 20 odds
19 while 33 supinated
19 while 34 function
20 odds 21 of
20 odds 24 and
20 odds 32 with
20 odds 33 supinated
21 of 22 hallux
23 valgus 24 and
24 and 26 rigidus
24 and 27 were
25 hallux 26 rigidus
27 were 28 significantly
27 were 29 decreased
29 decreased 30 in
29 decreased 32 with
30 in 31 those

conclusions : foot posture and foot function were associated with the presence of specific foot disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 9 associated
2 : 17 .
3 foot 4 posture
4 posture 5 and
5 and 7 function
5 and 8 were
6 foot 7 function
8 were 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 presence
11 the 12 presence
12 presence 13 of
13 of 16 disorders
14 specific 15 foot
15 foot 16 disorders

introduction : studies have shown that perceived discrimination has an impact on our physical and mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 studies
2 : 5 shown
2 : 18 .
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 6 that
6 that 8 discrimination
6 that 9 has
7 perceived 8 discrimination
8 discrimination 9 has
9 has 11 impact
9 has 12 on
10 an 11 impact
12 on 17 health
13 our 17 health
14 physical 15 and
15 and 16 mental
15 and 17 health

a relevant part of literature has highlighted the influence of discrimination based on race or ethnicity on mental and physical health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 3 part
2 relevant 3 part
3 part 4 of
3 part 5 literature
4 of 5 literature
5 literature 6 has
6 has 7 highlighted
7 highlighted 9 influence
7 highlighted 13 on
7 highlighted 17 on
8 the 9 influence
9 influence 10 of
10 of 11 discrimination
11 discrimination 12 based
13 on 15 or
14 race 15 or
15 or 16 ethnicity
17 on 22 outcomes
18 mental 19 and
19 and 20 physical
19 and 21 health
21 health 22 outcomes

however , the influence of other types of discrimination on health has been understudied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 understudied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 influence
3 the 4 influence
4 influence 5 of
4 influence 12 has
5 of 9 discrimination
6 other 7 types
7 types 8 of
7 types 9 discrimination
8 of 9 discrimination
9 discrimination 10 on
10 on 11 health
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 understudied

this study is aimed to explore [how] different types of discrimination [are] related to our subjective state of health , and so to compare the intensity of these relationships in the european context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
5 to 21 and
6 explore 11 discrimination
6 explore 14 to
6 explore 21 and
8 different 9 types
9 types 10 of
9 types 11 discrimination
10 of 11 discrimination
11 discrimination 13 related
14 to 17 state
15 our 17 state
16 subjective 17 state
17 state 18 of
18 of 19 health
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 to
21 and 24 compare
21 and 30 in
22 so 23 to
23 to 24 compare
24 compare 26 intensity
25 the 26 intensity
26 intensity 27 of
27 of 29 relationships
28 these 29 relationships
30 in 33 context
31 the 33 context
32 european 33 context

methods : we have performed a multilevel ordered analysis on the fifth wave of the european social survey ( ess 2010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 5 performed
2 : 23 .
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 performed
5 performed 9 analysis
5 performed 10 on
6 a 7 multilevel
6 a 9 analysis
7 multilevel 9 analysis
8 ordered 9 analysis
10 on 13 wave
11 the 12 fifth
11 the 13 wave
13 wave 14 of
14 of 18 survey
15 the 16 european
16 european 18 survey
17 social 18 survey
18 survey 20 ess
19 ( 20 ess
20 ess 21 2010
20 ess 22 )

this dataset has 52,458 units at individual level that are grouped in 26 european countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dataset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 dataset
2 dataset 3 has
3 has 5 units
4 52,458 5 units
5 units 6 at
5 units 9 that
5 units 10 are
6 at 8 level
7 individual 8 level
9 that 10 are
10 are 11 grouped
11 grouped 12 in
12 in 15 countries
13 26 15 countries
14 european 15 countries

in this study , the dependent variable [is] self - rated health ( srh ) that is analyzed in relationship [to] ten explanatory variables of perceived discrimination : color or race , nationality , religion , language , ethnic group , age , gender , sexuality , disability and others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 :
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 9 self
2 this 3 study
5 the 9 self
6 dependent 7 variable
7 variable 9 self
9 self 12 health
9 self 18 analyzed
10 - 12 health
11 rated 12 health
12 health 14 srh
12 health 15 )
13 ( 14 srh
14 srh 15 )
16 that 17 is
17 is 18 analyzed
18 analyzed 19 in
18 analyzed 24 variables
19 in 20 relationship
20 relationship 22 ten
23 explanatory 24 variables
24 variables 25 of
25 of 27 discrimination
26 perceived 27 discrimination
28 : 30 or
28 : 32 ,
28 : 51 .
29 color 30 or
30 or 31 race
32 , 33 nationality
32 , 34 ,
34 , 35 religion
34 , 36 ,
36 , 49 and
37 language 38 ,
38 , 40 group
38 , 41 ,
39 ethnic 40 group
41 , 42 age
41 , 43 ,
43 , 44 gender
43 , 45 ,
45 , 46 sexuality
45 , 47 ,
47 , 48 disability
47 , 49 and
49 and 50 others

results : the model identifies statistically significant differences in the effect that diverse types of perceived discrimination can generate on the self - rated health of europeans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 model
2 : 5 identifies
3 the 4 model
4 model 5 identifies
5 identifies 8 differences
5 identifies 20 on
6 statistically 7 significant
7 significant 8 differences
8 differences 9 in
9 in 11 effect
10 the 11 effect
11 effect 12 that
11 effect 19 generate
12 that 17 discrimination
12 that 19 generate
13 diverse 14 types
14 types 15 of
14 types 17 discrimination
15 of 17 discrimination
16 perceived 17 discrimination
17 discrimination 18 can
18 can 19 generate
20 on 22 self
21 the 22 self
22 self 25 health
23 - 25 health
24 rated 25 health
25 health 26 of
25 health 28 .
26 of 27 europeans

specifically , this study identifies three well - defined types of perceived discrimination that can be related to poor health outcomes [:] ( 1 ) age discrimination ; [(] 2 [ )(disability discrimination ; [and] [(] 3 [ )(sexuality discrimination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identifies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 identifies
5 identifies 6 three
5 identifies 7 well
8 - 10 types
8 - 17 related
8 - 28 ;
8 - 34 ;
9 defined 10 types
10 types 11 of
10 types 17 related
11 of 13 discrimination
12 perceived 13 discrimination
13 discrimination 14 that
13 discrimination 15 can
14 that 15 can
15 can 16 be
17 related 18 to
17 related 27 discrimination
18 to 20 health
19 poor 20 health
20 health 21 outcomes
20 health 26 age
21 outcomes 24 1
21 outcomes 26 age
23 ( 24 1
24 1 25 )
28 ; 33 discrimination
30 2 33 discrimination
32 )(disability 33 discrimination
34 ; 40 discrimination
37 3 40 discrimination
39 )(sexuality 40 discrimination

in this sense , the effect on self [-] rated health of perceived discrimination related to aging and disabilities seems to be more relevant than other types of discrimination in the european context with a longer tradition in literature ( e.g [.] ethnic [and/or] race - based ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 in 3 sense
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 effect
2 this 3 sense
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 on
6 effect 12 of
6 effect 20 seems
7 on 11 health
8 self 10 rated
10 rated 11 health
12 of 18 and
13 perceived 14 discrimination
14 discrimination 15 related
14 discrimination 16 to
14 discrimination 18 and
16 to 17 aging
18 and 19 disabilities
20 seems 21 to
20 seems 22 be
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 more
22 be 24 relevant
24 relevant 25 than
24 relevant 47 based
25 than 27 types
26 other 27 types
27 types 28 of
28 of 29 discrimination
29 discrimination 30 in
29 discrimination 34 with
29 discrimination 38 in
29 discrimination 45 race
30 in 33 context
31 the 33 context
32 european 33 context
34 with 37 tradition
35 a 37 tradition
36 longer 37 tradition
38 in 39 literature
40 ( 45 race
41 e.g 45 race
43 ethnic 45 race
45 race 46 -
46 - 47 based
47 based 48 )

conclusion : the present study shows that the relationship between perceived discrimination and health inequities in europe are not random , but systematically distributed depending on factors such as age , sexuality and disabilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 shows
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 shows
6 shows 7 that
6 shows 13 and
6 shows 18 are
8 the 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 between
9 relationship 13 and
10 between 12 discrimination
11 perceived 12 discrimination
13 and 15 inequities
13 and 16 in
13 and 18 are
14 health 15 inequities
16 in 17 europe
18 are 19 not
18 are 22 but
18 are 26 on
18 are 29 as
20 random 22 but
21 , 22 but
22 but 25 depending
23 systematically 24 distributed
24 distributed 25 depending
26 on 27 factors
28 such 29 as
29 as 33 and
30 age 31 ,
31 , 32 sexuality
31 , 33 and
33 and 34 disabilities

therefore the future orientation of eu social policies should aim to reduce the impact of these social determinants on health equity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 orientation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 4 orientation
2 the 4 orientation
3 future 4 orientation
4 orientation 5 of
4 orientation 9 should
5 of 8 policies
6 eu 8 policies
7 social 8 policies
9 should 10 aim
10 aim 11 to
10 aim 12 reduce
11 to 12 reduce
12 reduce 14 impact
12 reduce 19 on
13 the 14 impact
14 impact 15 of
15 of 18 determinants
16 these 18 determinants
17 social 18 determinants
19 on 21 equity
20 health 21 equity

maintaining adequate levels of physical activity is known to preserve health status and functional independence [as] individuals grow older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 maintaining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 maintaining 3 levels
1 maintaining 7 is
2 adequate 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
4 of 6 activity
5 physical 6 activity
7 is 8 known
8 known 9 to
8 known 10 preserve
9 to 10 preserve
10 preserve 12 status
11 health 12 status
13 and 17 individuals
13 and 18 grow
14 functional 15 independence
15 independence 17 individuals
17 individuals 18 grow
18 grow 19 older

however , the relationship between determinants of physical activity ( volume and intensity ) and physiological factors underlying mobility ( cardio - respiratory fitness , neuromuscular function and functional abilities ) is still unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 relationship
3 the 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 between
4 relationship 18 underlying
4 relationship 32 is
5 between 15 and
6 determinants 7 of
6 determinants 15 and
7 of 9 activity
8 physical 9 activity
9 activity 12 and
10 ( 12 and
11 volume 12 and
12 and 13 intensity
12 and 14 )
15 and 17 factors
16 physiological 17 factors
18 underlying 19 mobility
19 mobility 28 and
20 ( 28 and
21 cardio 22 -
21 cardio 24 fitness
23 respiratory 24 fitness
24 fitness 25 ,
25 , 27 function
25 , 28 and
26 neuromuscular 27 function
28 and 30 abilities
28 and 31 )
29 functional 30 abilities
32 is 33 still
32 is 34 unclear
33 still 34 unclear

the aim of this study was to investigate the association between objectively quantified physical activity and a spectrum of physiological factors underlying mobility in young , middle [-] aged and older individuals living in a city district . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 association
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 between
10 association 22 underlying
11 between 16 and
12 objectively 13 quantified
13 quantified 15 activity
14 physical 15 activity
15 activity 16 and
16 and 18 spectrum
16 and 19 of
17 a 18 spectrum
19 of 21 factors
20 physiological 21 factors
22 underlying 23 mobility
23 mobility 24 in
24 in 32 individuals
25 young 26 ,
25 young 27 middle
27 middle 32 individuals
29 aged 30 and
30 and 31 older
30 and 32 individuals
32 individuals 33 living
32 individuals 34 in
34 in 37 district
35 a 37 district
36 city 37 district

experiments were carried out on 24 young ( 28 ± 2 years ) , 24 middle - aged [(] 48 ± 2 years [ )(and [24] older ( 70 ± 3 years [ )(gender - matched volunteers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 carried
1 experiments 2 were
2 were 3 carried
3 carried 4 out
3 carried 5 on
5 on 16 middle
6 24 16 middle
7 young 12 years
7 young 14 ,
7 young 16 middle
8 ( 12 years
9 28 12 years
10 ± 12 years
11 2 12 years
12 years 13 )
15 24 16 middle
16 middle 18 aged
17 - 18 aged
18 aged 25 )(and
20 48 23 years
21 ± 23 years
22 2 23 years
23 years 25 )(and
25 )(and 27 older
27 older 35 -
28 ( 35 -
29 70 30 ±
30 ± 34 )(gender
31 3 32 years
32 years 34 )(gender
34 )(gender 35 -
35 - 37 volunteers
35 - 38 .
36 matched 37 volunteers

physical activity was monitored by a wearable activity monitor to quantify volume and intensity of overall physical activity and selected habitual activities over 24 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 physical 2 activity
2 activity 19 and
3 was 4 monitored
3 was 19 and
4 monitored 5 by
4 monitored 10 to
5 by 9 monitor
6 a 7 wearable
6 a 9 monitor
7 wearable 8 activity
8 activity 9 monitor
10 to 11 quantify
11 quantify 13 and
12 volume 13 and
13 and 14 intensity
13 and 15 of
15 of 18 activity
16 overall 18 activity
17 physical 18 activity
19 and 20 selected
19 and 22 activities
21 habitual 22 activities
22 activities 23 over
23 over 25 hours
24 24 25 hours

ventilatory [threshold] was assessed during an incremental cycling test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ventilatory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 ventilatory 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 during
5 during 9 test
6 an 7 incremental
6 an 9 test
7 incremental 9 test
8 cycling 9 test

torque , muscle fiber conduction velocity and agonist - antagonist coactivation were measured during maximal voluntary contraction of knee extensors and flexors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 torque 2 ,
2 , 6 velocity
2 , 7 and
3 muscle 6 velocity
4 fiber 5 conduction
5 conduction 6 velocity
7 and 8 agonist
9 - 11 coactivation
10 antagonist 11 coactivation
11 coactivation 21 and
12 were 13 measured
12 were 21 and
13 measured 14 during
14 during 17 contraction
15 maximal 17 contraction
16 voluntary 17 contraction
17 contraction 18 of
18 of 20 extensors
19 knee 20 extensors
21 and 22 flexors

ground reaction forces were measured during [sit] - to [-] stand and counter - movement jump . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ground
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 ground 2 reaction
2 reaction 3 forces
2 reaction 6 during
2 reaction 9 to
3 forces 4 were
4 were 5 measured
5 measured 6 during
8 - 9 to
9 to 12 and
9 to 14 -
11 stand 12 and
12 and 13 counter
14 - 16 jump
14 - 17 .
15 movement 16 jump

k - means cluster analysis was used to classify the participants ' physical activity levels based on parameters of volume and intensity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 k
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 k 2 -
2 - 5 analysis
3 means 4 cluster
4 cluster 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 classify
8 to 9 classify
9 classify 15 levels
9 classify 17 on
10 the 11 participants
11 participants 12 '
12 ' 15 levels
13 physical 14 activity
14 activity 15 levels
15 levels 16 based
17 on 18 parameters
18 parameters 19 of
19 of 21 and
20 volume 21 and
21 and 22 intensity

two clusters of physical activity volume ( i.e [.] , high and low volume ) and three clusters of physical activity intensity [(] i.e . high , medium and low intensity ) were identified in all participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 two 2 clusters
2 clusters 3 of
2 clusters 16 and
3 of 6 volume
4 physical 6 volume
5 activity 6 volume
6 volume 14 volume
7 ( 14 volume
8 i.e 10 ,
10 , 11 high
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 low
12 and 14 volume
14 volume 15 )
16 and 18 clusters
16 and 19 of
17 three 18 clusters
19 of 24 i.e
20 physical 24 i.e
21 activity 24 i.e
22 intensity 24 i.e
25 . 26 high
25 . 27 ,
25 . 38 .
27 , 29 and
27 , 34 identified
28 medium 29 and
29 and 31 intensity
29 and 32 )
29 and 33 were
30 low 31 intensity
33 were 34 identified
34 identified 35 in
35 in 37 participants
36 all 37 participants

cardio - respiratory fitness was associated with volume of overall physical activity as well as lying , sitting , standing , walking and stair climbing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cardio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 - 4 fitness
2 - 6 associated
3 respiratory 4 fitness
4 fitness 5 was
5 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 23 and
8 volume 9 of
8 volume 23 and
9 of 12 activity
10 overall 12 activity
11 physical 12 activity
12 activity 15 as
12 activity 22 walking
13 as 14 well
14 well 15 as
15 as 16 lying
16 lying 18 sitting
17 , 18 sitting
18 sitting 20 standing
18 sitting 21 ,
19 , 20 standing
20 standing 21 ,
23 and 24 stair
23 and 25 climbing

on the other hand , neuromuscular function and functional abilities showed a significant association [with] intensity of overall physical activity as well as postural transition [,] walking and stair climbing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 abilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 on 8 and
1 on 10 abilities
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
4 hand 5 ,
5 , 7 function
5 , 8 and
6 neuromuscular 7 function
8 and 9 functional
10 abilities 11 showed
11 showed 16 intensity
11 showed 20 activity
11 showed 21 as
12 a 16 intensity
13 significant 14 association
14 association 16 intensity
16 intensity 17 of
17 of 18 overall
19 physical 20 activity
21 as 28 and
22 well 23 as
22 well 28 and
23 as 25 transition
24 postural 25 transition
25 transition 27 walking
28 and 29 stair
28 and 30 climbing

as a practical application , the relative role played by volume and intensity of overall physical activity and selected habitual activities should be taken into account in the design of preventative training interventions to preserve mobility as individuals grow older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 grow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 as 18 and
1 as 24 taken
1 as 39 grow
2 a 4 application
3 practical 4 application
4 application 5 ,
5 , 8 role
5 , 12 and
6 the 8 role
7 relative 8 role
8 role 9 played
9 played 10 by
10 by 11 volume
12 and 13 intensity
12 and 14 of
12 and 18 and
14 of 17 activity
15 overall 17 activity
16 physical 17 activity
18 and 21 activities
18 and 22 should
19 selected 21 activities
20 habitual 21 activities
22 should 23 be
23 be 24 taken
24 taken 26 account
24 taken 27 in
24 taken 34 to
24 taken 37 as
25 into 26 account
27 in 29 design
28 the 29 design
29 design 30 of
30 of 33 interventions
31 preventative 33 interventions
32 training 33 interventions
34 to 35 preserve
35 preserve 36 mobility
37 as 38 individuals
39 grow 40 older

xenoestrogens are either natural or synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of endogenous estrogen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 xenoestrogens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 xenoestrogens 2 are
2 are 7 compounds
3 either 5 or
4 natural 5 or
5 or 6 synthetic
5 or 7 compounds
7 compounds 8 that
7 compounds 9 mimic
8 that 9 mimic
9 mimic 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 14 estrogen
13 endogenous 14 estrogen

these compounds , such as bisphenol - [a] ( bpa [ )(, and phthalates , are commonly found in plastic wares . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 compounds
2 compounds 5 as
2 compounds 13 and
2 compounds 16 are
3 , 5 as
4 such 5 as
5 as 6 bisphenol
5 as 7 -
9 ( 13 and
10 bpa 13 and
12 )(, 13 and
13 and 14 phthalates
13 and 15 ,
16 are 18 found
17 commonly 18 found
18 found 19 in
19 in 21 wares
20 plastic 21 wares

exposure to these compounds poses major risk to human health because of the potential to cause endocrine disruption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 poses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 exposure 2 to
1 exposure 5 poses
2 to 4 compounds
3 these 4 compounds
5 poses 7 risk
5 poses 8 to
5 poses 12 of
5 poses 15 to
6 major 7 risk
8 to 10 health
9 human 10 health
11 because 12 of
12 of 14 potential
13 the 14 potential
15 to 16 cause
16 cause 18 disruption
17 endocrine 18 disruption

there is huge demand for a wide range of chemicals to be assessed for such potential for the sake of public health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 demand
3 huge 4 demand
4 demand 5 for
4 demand 13 assessed
5 for 8 range
6 a 7 wide
6 a 8 range
7 wide 8 range
8 range 9 of
8 range 11 to
8 range 12 be
9 of 10 chemicals
11 to 12 be
13 assessed 14 for
13 assessed 17 for
14 for 16 potential
15 such 16 potential
17 for 19 sake
18 the 19 sake
19 sake 20 of
20 of 22 health
21 public 22 health

classical in vivo assays for endocrine disruption are comprehensive but time - consuming and [require] sacrifice of experimental animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 classical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 classical 3 vivo
1 classical 8 are
2 in 3 vivo
4 assays 5 for
4 assays 8 are
5 for 7 disruption
6 endocrine 7 disruption
8 are 9 comprehensive
9 comprehensive 10 but
10 but 11 time
12 - 14 and
12 - 20 .
13 consuming 14 and
14 and 16 sacrifice
14 and 17 of
17 of 19 animals
18 experimental 19 animals

simple [preliminary] in vitro screening assays can reduce the time and expense involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 simple
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 simple 5 screening
1 simple 7 can
3 in 4 vitro
4 vitro 5 screening
5 screening 6 assays
7 can 8 reduce
8 reduce 11 and
9 the 10 time
10 time 11 and
11 and 12 expense
11 and 13 involved

we previously demonstrated that catechol - o - methyltransferase ( comt ) is transcriptionally regulated by estrogen via estrogen [receptor] ( er ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 3 demonstrated
2 previously 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
4 that 5 catechol
4 that 15 regulated
5 catechol 8 -
5 catechol 13 is
6 - 8 -
7 o 8 -
8 - 9 methyltransferase
8 - 12 )
9 methyltransferase 11 comt
10 ( 11 comt
11 comt 12 )
13 is 15 regulated
14 transcriptionally 15 regulated
15 regulated 16 by
15 regulated 18 via
16 by 17 estrogen
18 via 19 estrogen
19 estrogen 22 er
21 ( 22 er
22 er 23 )

therefore , detecting corresponding changes of comt expression in estrogen - responsive cells may be a useful method to estimate estrogenic effects of various compounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 detecting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 detecting
3 detecting 5 changes
3 detecting 9 in
3 detecting 14 may
4 corresponding 5 changes
5 changes 6 of
6 of 8 expression
7 comt 8 expression
9 in 13 cells
10 estrogen 11 -
10 estrogen 13 cells
12 responsive 13 cells
14 may 15 be
15 be 18 method
16 a 18 method
17 useful 18 method
18 method 19 to
18 method 20 estimate
19 to 20 estimate
20 estimate 22 effects
21 estrogenic 22 effects
22 effects 23 of
23 of 25 compounds
24 various 25 compounds

we developed a novel cell - based elisa to evaluate cellular response [to] estrogenicity by reduction of soluble - comt expression in er - positive mcf - 7 cells exposed to estrogenic compounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 developed
1 we 2 developed
2 developed 5 cell
3 a 4 novel
3 a 5 cell
4 novel 5 cell
5 cell 8 elisa
6 - 8 elisa
7 based 8 elisa
8 elisa 9 to
8 elisa 10 evaluate
8 elisa 34 .
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 14 estrogenicity
11 cellular 12 response
12 response 14 estrogenicity
14 estrogenicity 15 by
14 estrogenicity 17 of
15 by 16 reduction
17 of 26 mcf
18 soluble 21 expression
18 soluble 24 -
18 soluble 26 mcf
19 - 21 expression
20 comt 21 expression
21 expression 22 in
21 expression 24 -
22 in 23 er
25 positive 26 mcf
26 mcf 29 cells
27 - 29 cells
28 7 29 cells
29 cells 30 exposed
29 cells 31 to
29 cells 34 .
31 to 33 compounds
32 estrogenic 33 compounds

in contrast to various existing methods that only detect bioactivity , this method elucidates direct physiological effect in a living cell in response to a compound . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 elucidates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 11 ,
1 in 13 method
2 contrast 3 to
3 to 6 methods
4 various 6 methods
5 existing 6 methods
6 methods 7 that
6 methods 9 detect
7 that 9 detect
8 only 9 detect
9 detect 10 bioactivity
12 this 13 method
13 method 14 elucidates
14 elucidates 17 effect
14 elucidates 18 in
14 elucidates 24 to
15 direct 17 effect
16 physiological 17 effect
18 in 21 cell
19 a 21 cell
20 living 21 cell
22 in 23 response
23 response 24 to
24 to 26 compound
25 a 26 compound

we validated our assay using three well - characterized estrogenic plasticizers - bpa , benzyl butyl phthalate ( bbp ) , and di - n - butyl phthalate ( dbp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 we 2 validated
2 validated 4 assay
3 our 4 assay
4 assay 5 using
5 using 7 well
6 three 7 well
7 well 11 plasticizers
8 - 11 plasticizers
9 characterized 11 plasticizers
10 estrogenic 11 plasticizers
11 plasticizers 12 -
12 - 22 and
12 - 32 .
13 bpa 17 phthalate
13 bpa 22 and
14 , 17 phthalate
15 benzyl 17 phthalate
16 butyl 17 phthalate
17 phthalate 19 bbp
17 phthalate 20 )
18 ( 19 bbp
19 bbp 20 )
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 di
22 and 26 -
24 - 26 -
25 n 26 -
26 - 28 phthalate
26 - 31 )
27 butyl 28 phthalate
28 phthalate 30 dbp
29 ( 30 dbp
30 dbp 31 )

cells were exposed to either these plasticizers or 17β - estradiol ( e2 ) in estrogen [-] depleted medium [with] or without an er - antagonist , ici 182,780 , and comt expression assayed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 cells 2 were
2 were 3 exposed
3 exposed 4 to
3 exposed 21 or
4 to 8 or
5 either 8 or
6 these 7 plasticizers
7 plasticizers 8 or
8 or 11 estradiol
8 or 13 e2
9 17β 10 -
9 17β 11 estradiol
12 ( 13 e2
13 e2 14 )
15 in 16 estrogen
15 in 21 or
16 estrogen 18 depleted
18 depleted 19 medium
21 or 22 without
22 without 24 er
23 an 24 er
25 - 26 antagonist
25 - 27 ,
27 , 31 and
28 ici 29 182,780
28 ici 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 expression
31 and 34 assayed
32 comt 33 expression

exposure to each of these plasticizers ( 10 ( - 9 ) - 10 [(] - 7 )m ) dose - dependently reduced comt expression ( p<0.05 ) , which was blocked by ici 182,780 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 plasticizers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 exposure 2 to
1 exposure 4 of
1 exposure 6 plasticizers
2 to 3 each
4 of 5 these
6 plasticizers 13 -
7 ( 13 -
8 10 10 -
9 ( 10 -
10 - 11 9
10 - 12 )
10 - 13 -
13 - 14 10
13 - 16 -
16 - 20 dose
16 - 21 -
16 - 36 .
17 7 20 dose
18 )m 19 )
18 )m 20 dose
21 - 25 expression
21 - 29 ,
22 dependently 23 reduced
23 reduced 25 expression
24 comt 25 expression
25 expression 27 p<0.05
26 ( 27 p<0.05
27 p<0.05 28 )
29 , 30 which
29 , 32 blocked
30 which 31 was
31 was 32 blocked
32 blocked 33 by
33 by 34 ici
34 ici 35 182,780

reduction of comt expression was readily detectable in cells exposed to picomolar level of e2 , comparable to other [in] [vitro] assays of similar sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 reduction 2 of
1 reduction 5 was
2 of 4 expression
3 comt 4 expression
5 was 6 readily
5 was 7 detectable
7 detectable 8 in
8 in 9 cells
9 cells 10 exposed
10 exposed 11 to
10 exposed 16 ,
10 exposed 17 comparable
11 to 13 level
12 picomolar 13 level
13 level 14 of
14 of 15 e2
17 comparable 18 to
18 to 22 assays
19 other 22 assays
22 assays 23 of
23 of 25 sensitivity
24 similar 25 sensitivity

to satisfy the demand for in vitro assays targeting different cellular components , a cell - based comt assay [provides] useful initial screening to supplement the current assessments of xenoestrogens for potential estrogenic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 to 2 satisfy
2 satisfy 4 demand
2 satisfy 5 for
3 the 4 demand
5 for 8 assays
6 in 7 vitro
7 vitro 8 assays
8 assays 9 targeting
8 assays 15 cell
8 assays 17 based
9 targeting 12 components
10 different 12 components
11 cellular 12 components
13 , 15 cell
14 a 15 cell
15 cell 16 -
17 based 23 screening
17 based 24 to
17 based 31 for
18 comt 23 screening
19 assay 23 screening
21 useful 22 initial
22 initial 23 screening
24 to 25 supplement
25 supplement 28 assessments
26 the 28 assessments
27 current 28 assessments
28 assessments 29 of
29 of 30 xenoestrogens
31 for 34 activity
32 potential 34 activity
33 estrogenic 34 activity

excessive reactive oxygen species ( ros ) induce apoptosis and [are] associated with various diseases and with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 species
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 excessive 3 oxygen
2 reactive 3 oxygen
3 oxygen 4 species
4 species 6 ros
4 species 10 and
5 ( 6 ros
6 ros 7 )
8 induce 9 apoptosis
8 induce 10 and
10 and 12 associated
10 and 16 and
13 with 15 diseases
13 with 16 and
14 various 15 diseases
16 and 17 with
17 with 18 aging

sirt1 ( sirtuin - 1 ) , an nad+ - dependent protein deacetylase , decreases ros levels and participates in cell survival under oxidative stress conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 sirt1 3 sirtuin
1 sirt1 18 and
2 ( 3 sirtuin
3 sirtuin 5 1
3 sirtuin 9 nad+
3 sirtuin 13 deacetylase
3 sirtuin 14 ,
4 - 5 1
5 1 6 )
7 , 9 nad+
8 an 9 nad+
9 nad+ 10 -
10 - 13 deacetylase
11 dependent 12 protein
12 protein 13 deacetylase
13 deacetylase 14 ,
15 decreases 17 levels
15 decreases 18 and
16 ros 17 levels
18 and 19 participates
18 and 20 in
20 in 22 survival
21 cell 22 survival
22 survival 23 under
23 under 26 conditions
24 oxidative 25 stress
25 stress 26 conditions

sirt1 modulates the transcription factors p53 , a tumor suppressor and inducer of apoptosis , and the forkhead [o] ( foxo ) family , both of which play roles for cell survival and cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 sirt1 2 modulates
2 modulates 4 transcription
3 the 4 transcription
4 transcription 5 factors
4 transcription 6 p53
5 factors 6 p53
7 , 11 and
7 , 24 ,
8 a 10 suppressor
9 tumor 10 suppressor
10 suppressor 11 and
11 and 12 inducer
11 and 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 apoptosis 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 23 family
17 the 23 family
18 forkhead 21 foxo
18 forkhead 22 )
18 forkhead 23 family
20 ( 21 foxo
21 foxo 22 )
24 , 25 both
24 , 28 play
25 both 26 of
25 both 28 play
26 of 27 which
28 play 29 roles
28 play 30 for
30 for 33 and
31 cell 32 survival
32 survival 33 and
33 and 35 death
34 cell 35 death

in this study , we aimed to know which is working greatly among p53 and foxos transcription factors in sirt1 's cell protective functions under oxidative stress conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 know
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 know
7 to 8 know
8 know 9 which
9 which 10 is
10 is 11 working
11 working 12 greatly
11 working 13 among
11 working 19 in
13 among 15 and
14 p53 15 and
15 and 18 factors
16 foxos 17 transcription
17 transcription 18 factors
19 in 24 functions
20 sirt1 21 's
21 's 24 functions
22 cell 24 functions
23 protective 24 functions
24 functions 25 under
25 under 28 conditions
26 oxidative 27 stress
27 stress 28 conditions

the antimycin a [-] induced increase in ros levels and apoptosis was enhanced by sirt1 inhibitors nicotinamide and splitomicin , whereas it was suppressed by a sirt1 activator , resveratrol , and a sirt1 cofactor , nad+ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 suppressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 6 increase
2 antimycin 3 a
2 antimycin 6 increase
5 induced 6 increase
6 increase 7 in
6 increase 12 was
7 in 10 and
8 ros 9 levels
9 levels 10 and
10 and 11 apoptosis
12 was 13 enhanced
13 enhanced 14 by
13 enhanced 21 whereas
14 by 18 and
15 sirt1 17 nicotinamide
16 inhibitors 17 nicotinamide
17 nicotinamide 18 and
18 and 19 splitomicin
20 , 21 whereas
21 whereas 22 it
22 it 23 was
23 was 24 suppressed
24 suppressed 25 by
24 suppressed 36 ,
24 suppressed 37 nad+
25 by 32 and
26 a 28 activator
27 sirt1 28 activator
28 activator 29 ,
29 , 30 resveratrol
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 35 cofactor
33 a 35 cofactor
34 sirt1 35 cofactor

sirt1 - sirna abolished the effects of splitomicin and resveratrol [.] p53 - knockdown experiment in c2c12 cells and experiment using p53 - deficient hct116 cells showed that splitomicin and resveratrol modulated apoptosis by p53 - dependent and p53 - independent pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sirna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 sirt1 2 -
1 sirt1 3 sirna
3 sirna 4 abolished
4 abolished 9 and
4 abolished 16 in
5 the 9 and
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 9 and
7 of 8 splitomicin
9 and 15 experiment
10 resveratrol 15 experiment
12 p53 13 -
12 p53 15 experiment
14 knockdown 15 experiment
16 in 18 cells
17 c2c12 18 cells
19 and 26 cells
19 and 27 showed
20 experiment 26 cells
21 using 26 cells
22 p53 23 -
22 p53 26 cells
24 deficient 26 cells
25 hct116 26 cells
26 cells 27 showed
27 showed 28 that
27 showed 30 and
27 showed 32 modulated
29 splitomicin 30 and
30 and 31 resveratrol
30 and 32 modulated
32 modulated 33 apoptosis
33 apoptosis 34 by
34 by 42 pathways
35 p53 38 and
35 p53 40 -
35 p53 41 independent
36 - 38 and
37 dependent 38 and
38 and 39 p53
38 and 40 -
41 independent 42 pathways

in p53 - independent cell protective pathway , we found that foxo1 , foxo3a , and foxo4 were involved in sod2 's upregulation by resveratrol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 7 pathway
2 p53 3 -
2 p53 5 cell
4 independent 5 cell
5 cell 7 pathway
6 protective 7 pathway
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 found
9 we 10 found
10 found 11 that
11 that 16 and
11 that 19 involved
12 foxo1 13 ,
13 , 14 foxo3a
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 foxo4
16 and 18 were
18 were 19 involved
19 involved 20 in
19 involved 24 by
20 in 23 upregulation
21 sod2 22 's
22 's 23 upregulation
24 by 25 resveratrol

the knockdown of these three foxos by sirnas completely abolished the sod2 induction , ros reduction , and anti - apoptotic function of resveratrol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 knockdown
2 knockdown 3 of
2 knockdown 14 ,
3 of 5 three
4 these 5 three
5 three 6 foxos
5 three 10 abolished
6 foxos 7 by
6 foxos 10 abolished
7 by 8 sirnas
9 completely 10 abolished
10 abolished 13 induction
11 the 13 induction
12 sod2 13 induction
14 , 16 reduction
14 , 18 and
15 ros 16 reduction
17 , 18 and
18 and 22 function
18 and 23 of
19 anti 20 -
19 anti 22 function
21 apoptotic 22 function
23 of 24 resveratrol

our results indicate that foxo1 , foxo3a and foxo4 , are indispensable for sirt1 - dependent cell survival against oxidative stress , although deacetylation of p53 has [also] some role [for] cell protective function of sirt1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 8 and
4 that 11 are
5 foxo1 6 ,
6 , 7 foxo3a
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 foxo4
8 and 10 ,
8 and 11 are
11 are 12 indispensable
11 are 23 although
12 indispensable 13 for
13 for 14 sirt1
14 sirt1 18 survival
15 - 18 survival
16 dependent 18 survival
17 cell 18 survival
18 survival 19 against
18 survival 22 ,
19 against 21 stress
20 oxidative 21 stress
22 , 23 although
23 although 24 deacetylation
24 deacetylation 25 of
24 deacetylation 27 has
25 of 26 p53
27 has 34 function
29 some 34 function
30 role 34 function
32 cell 34 function
33 protective 34 function
34 function 35 of
35 of 36 sirt1

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 amyotrophic 3 sclerosis
2 lateral 3 sclerosis
3 sclerosis 5 als
3 sclerosis 7 is
4 ( 5 als
5 als 6 )
7 is 12 disorder
8 a 9 fatal
8 a 12 disorder
9 fatal 12 disorder
10 progressive 12 disorder
11 neurodegenerative 12 disorder

current diagnosis time is about 12 - months due to lack of objective methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 current 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 time
3 time 4 is
4 is 6 12
5 about 6 12
7 - 8 months
8 months 9 due
8 months 12 of
9 due 10 to
9 due 11 lack
10 to 11 lack
12 of 14 methods
13 objective 14 methods

previous brain white matter voxel based morphometry ( vbm ) studies in als reported inconsistent results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 voxel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 previous 2 brain
2 brain 5 voxel
3 white 4 matter
4 matter 5 voxel
5 voxel 6 based
6 based 11 studies
6 based 12 in
7 morphometry 9 vbm
7 morphometry 10 )
7 morphometry 11 studies
8 ( 9 vbm
9 vbm 10 )
12 in 16 results
13 als 14 reported
14 reported 16 results
15 inconsistent 16 results

fractal [dimension] ( fd ) has successfully been used to quantify brain wm shape complexity in various neurological disorders and aging , but not yet studied in als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 fractal 4 fd
3 ( 4 fd
4 fd 5 )
4 fd 6 has
6 has 8 been
7 successfully 8 been
8 been 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 quantify
10 to 11 quantify
11 quantify 15 complexity
11 quantify 16 in
11 quantify 27 in
12 brain 14 shape
13 wm 14 shape
14 shape 15 complexity
16 in 20 and
17 various 19 disorders
18 neurological 19 disorders
19 disorders 20 and
20 and 21 aging
20 and 22 ,
20 and 23 but
20 and 26 studied
23 but 24 not
25 yet 26 studied
27 in 28 als

therefore , we investigated wm morphometric changes using fd analyses in als patients with [different] [clinical] phenotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 wm
5 wm 8 using
5 wm 17 phenotypes
6 morphometric 7 changes
7 changes 8 using
8 using 9 fd
8 using 14 with
8 using 17 phenotypes
9 fd 10 analyses
10 analyses 11 in
10 analyses 13 patients
10 analyses 14 with
11 in 12 als

we hypothesized that fd would better capture clinical features of the wm morphometry in different als phenotypes than vbm analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 4 fd
3 that 7 capture
4 fd 5 would
5 would 7 capture
6 better 7 capture
7 capture 9 features
8 clinical 9 features
9 features 10 of
9 features 13 morphometry
9 features 17 phenotypes
10 of 12 wm
11 the 12 wm
13 morphometry 14 in
13 morphometry 17 phenotypes
14 in 16 als
15 different 16 als
17 phenotypes 18 than
18 than 20 analysis
19 vbm 20 analysis

high resolution mri t1 [-] weighted images were acquired in controls ( n = 11 ) , and als patients ( n = 89 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 high 9 acquired
1 high 10 in
1 high 18 and
2 resolution 3 mri
3 mri 7 images
3 mri 8 were
3 mri 9 acquired
4 t1 6 weighted
6 weighted 7 images
7 images 8 were
10 in 11 controls
11 controls 14 =
12 ( 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 11
14 = 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 patients
18 and 23 =
19 als 20 patients
21 ( 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 89
23 = 25 )

als patients were assigned into four subgroups based on their clinical phenotypes.vbm analysis was carried out using spm8 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 als
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 als 2 patients
1 als 4 assigned
1 als 14 was
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 assigned
4 assigned 5 into
4 assigned 9 on
5 into 7 subgroups
6 four 7 subgroups
7 subgroups 8 based
9 on 13 analysis
10 their 13 analysis
11 clinical 12 phenotypes.vbm
12 phenotypes.vbm 13 analysis
14 was 15 carried
15 carried 16 out
15 carried 17 using
17 using 18 spm8

fd values were estimated for brain wm [skeleton] , surface and general structure in both controls and als patients using our previously published algorithm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 fd 2 values
2 values 3 were
3 were 4 estimated
4 estimated 5 for
4 estimated 20 using
5 for 11 and
6 brain 7 wm
7 wm 9 ,
9 , 10 surface
9 , 11 and
11 and 13 structure
11 and 14 in
12 general 13 structure
14 in 17 and
15 both 17 and
16 controls 17 and
17 and 19 patients
18 als 19 patients
20 using 24 algorithm
21 our 24 algorithm
22 previously 23 published
23 published 24 algorithm

no significant vbm wm changes were observed between controls and als patients and among the als subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 no 5 changes
2 significant 5 changes
3 vbm 4 wm
4 wm 5 changes
5 changes 6 were
6 were 7 observed
7 observed 13 and
8 between 10 and
8 between 13 and
9 controls 10 and
10 and 12 patients
11 als 12 patients
13 and 14 among
14 among 17 subgroups
15 the 17 subgroups
16 als 17 subgroups

in contrast , significant ( p<0.05 ) fd reductions [in] skeleton and general structure were observed between als with dementia and other als subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 3 ,
3 , 11 skeleton
3 , 12 and
4 significant 6 p<0.05
4 significant 11 skeleton
5 ( 6 p<0.05
6 p<0.05 7 )
8 fd 11 skeleton
9 reductions 11 skeleton
12 and 14 structure
12 and 15 were
13 general 14 structure
15 were 16 observed
16 observed 17 between
16 observed 19 with
17 between 18 als
19 with 21 and
20 dementia 21 and
21 and 24 subgroups
22 other 24 subgroups
23 als 24 subgroups

no significant differences in any of the fd measures were observed between control and als patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 in
3 differences 10 were
4 in 5 any
5 any 6 of
6 of 9 measures
7 the 9 measures
8 fd 9 measures
10 were 11 observed
11 observed 12 between
12 between 14 and
13 control 14 and
14 and 16 patients
15 als 16 patients

fd correlated significantly with revised als functional rating [scale] ( alsfrs - r ) score a clinical measure [of] function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 fd 2 correlated
1 fd 8 rating
1 fd 11 alsfrs
1 fd 15 score
2 correlated 3 significantly
2 correlated 4 with
2 correlated 7 functional
4 with 6 als
5 revised 6 als
10 ( 11 alsfrs
11 alsfrs 13 r
11 alsfrs 14 )
12 - 13 r
13 r 14 )
15 score 20 function
16 a 17 clinical
16 a 20 function
17 clinical 18 measure
18 measure 20 function

results suggest that brain wm shape complexity is more sensitive to als disease process when compared to volumetric vbm analysis and fd changes are dependent on the als phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 results 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 7 complexity
3 that 8 is
4 brain 6 shape
5 wm 6 shape
6 shape 7 complexity
7 complexity 8 is
8 is 10 sensitive
9 more 10 sensitive
10 sensitive 11 to
10 sensitive 15 when
11 to 14 process
12 als 13 disease
13 disease 14 process
15 when 16 compared
16 compared 17 to
17 to 20 analysis
18 volumetric 20 analysis
19 vbm 20 analysis
21 and 23 changes
21 and 24 are
22 fd 23 changes
23 changes 24 are
24 are 25 dependent
25 dependent 26 on
26 on 29 phenotype
27 the 29 phenotype
28 als 29 phenotype

correlation between fd and clinical measures suggests that fd could potentially serve as a biomarker of als pathophysiology , especially after confirmation by longitudinal studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggests
1 correlation 2 between
1 correlation 7 suggests
2 between 4 and
3 fd 4 and
4 and 6 measures
5 clinical 6 measures
7 suggests 8 that
8 that 9 fd
8 that 12 serve
9 fd 10 could
10 could 12 serve
11 potentially 12 serve
12 serve 13 as
13 as 15 biomarker
14 a 15 biomarker
15 biomarker 16 of
16 of 18 pathophysiology
17 als 18 pathophysiology
18 pathophysiology 21 after
19 , 20 especially
19 , 21 after
21 after 22 confirmation
21 after 26 .
22 confirmation 23 by
23 by 25 studies
24 longitudinal 25 studies

partial deletions of the gene encoding the neuronal splicing regulator rbfox1 have been reported in a range of neurodevelopmental diseases , including idiopathic generalized epilepsy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deletions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
1 partial 2 deletions
2 deletions 3 of
2 deletions 6 encoding
2 deletions 12 have
3 of 5 gene
4 the 5 gene
6 encoding 11 rbfox1
7 the 10 regulator
8 neuronal 10 regulator
9 splicing 10 regulator
10 regulator 11 rbfox1
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 reported
14 reported 15 in
15 in 17 range
16 a 17 range
17 range 18 of
17 range 22 including
18 of 20 diseases
19 neurodevelopmental 20 diseases
21 , 22 including
22 including 25 epilepsy
22 including 26 .
23 idiopathic 25 epilepsy
24 generalized 25 epilepsy

the rbfox1 protein and its homologues ( rbfox2 and rbfox3 ) regulate alternative splicing of many neuronal transcripts involved in the homeostatic control of neuronal excitability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 regulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 protein
2 rbfox1 3 protein
3 protein 4 and
4 and 6 homologues
4 and 9 and
4 and 12 regulate
5 its 6 homologues
7 ( 9 and
8 rbfox2 9 and
9 and 10 rbfox3
9 and 11 )
12 regulate 14 splicing
13 alternative 14 splicing
14 splicing 15 of
14 splicing 19 involved
15 of 18 transcripts
16 many 18 transcripts
17 neuronal 18 transcripts
19 involved 20 in
20 in 23 control
21 the 23 control
22 homeostatic 23 control
23 control 24 of
24 of 26 excitability
25 neuronal 26 excitability

in this study , we explored if structural microdeletions and exonic sequence variations in rbfox1 , rbfox2 , rbfox3 confer susceptibility to rolandic epilepsy ( re ) , a common idiopathic focal childhood [epilepsy] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 explored
6 explored 7 if
7 if 10 and
7 if 12 sequence
8 structural 9 microdeletions
9 microdeletions 10 and
10 and 11 exonic
10 and 12 sequence
12 sequence 13 variations
12 sequence 14 in
14 in 15 rbfox1
15 rbfox1 17 rbfox2
16 , 17 rbfox2
17 rbfox2 18 ,
18 , 20 confer
18 , 28 ,
19 rbfox3 20 confer
20 confer 21 susceptibility
20 confer 22 to
22 to 24 epilepsy
23 rolandic 24 epilepsy
24 epilepsy 26 re
25 ( 26 re
26 re 27 )
28 , 33 childhood
29 a 30 common
29 a 33 childhood
30 common 33 childhood
31 idiopathic 33 childhood
32 focal 33 childhood

by high - density snp array screening of 289 unrelated re patients , we identified two hemizygous deletions , a 365 kb deletion affecting two untranslated [5] ['] - terminal exons of rbfox1 and a 43 kb deletion spanning exon 3 of rbfox3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 snp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 array
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 by 4 density
1 by 5 snp
2 high 3 -
2 high 4 density
5 snp 6 array
6 array 7 screening
7 screening 8 of
8 of 12 patients
9 289 12 patients
10 unrelated 12 patients
11 re 12 patients
13 , 14 we
13 , 15 identified
13 , 19 ,
14 we 15 identified
15 identified 18 deletions
16 two 18 deletions
17 hemizygous 18 deletions
19 , 34 and
20 a 23 deletion
21 365 22 kb
22 kb 23 deletion
23 deletion 24 affecting
23 deletion 34 and
24 affecting 31 exons
25 two 31 exons
26 untranslated 29 -
26 untranslated 30 terminal
30 terminal 31 exons
31 exons 32 of
32 of 33 rbfox1
34 and 38 deletion
34 and 42 of
35 a 38 deletion
36 43 37 kb
37 kb 38 deletion
38 deletion 39 spanning
39 spanning 40 exon
40 exon 41 3
42 of 43 rbfox3

exome sequencing of 242 re patients revealed two novel probably deleterious variants in rbfox1 , a frameshift mutation ( p.a233vfs*74 ) and a hexanucleotide deletion ( p.a299_a300del ) , and a novel nonsense mutation in rbfox3 ( p.y287* ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sequencing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 exome 2 sequencing
2 sequencing 3 of
2 sequencing 7 revealed
3 of 6 patients
4 242 6 patients
5 re 6 patients
7 revealed 30 and
7 revealed 35 in
8 two 12 variants
9 novel 12 variants
10 probably 11 deleterious
11 deleterious 12 variants
12 variants 13 in
12 variants 22 and
13 in 14 rbfox1
14 rbfox1 18 mutation
15 , 18 mutation
16 a 18 mutation
17 frameshift 18 mutation
18 mutation 20 p.a233vfs*74
18 mutation 21 )
19 ( 20 p.a233vfs*74
20 p.a233vfs*74 21 )
22 and 25 deletion
22 and 27 p.a299_a300del
22 and 30 and
23 a 25 deletion
24 hexanucleotide 25 deletion
26 ( 27 p.a299_a300del
27 p.a299_a300del 28 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 34 mutation
31 a 32 novel
31 a 34 mutation
32 novel 33 nonsense
33 nonsense 34 mutation
35 in 36 rbfox3
36 rbfox3 38 p.y287*
37 ( 38 p.y287*
38 p.y287* 39 )

although the three variants were inherited from unaffected parents , they were present in all family members exhibiting the re trait clinically or electroencephalographically with only one exception . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 although 4 variants
1 although 6 inherited
1 although 10 ,
1 although 11 they
2 the 3 three
3 three 4 variants
4 variants 5 were
5 were 6 inherited
6 inherited 7 from
7 from 9 parents
8 unaffected 9 parents
11 they 12 were
12 were 13 present
13 present 14 in
14 in 17 members
15 all 17 members
16 family 17 members
17 members 18 exhibiting
18 exhibiting 21 trait
18 exhibiting 23 or
18 exhibiting 25 with
19 the 21 trait
20 re 21 trait
22 clinically 23 or
23 or 24 electroencephalographically
25 with 28 exception
26 only 27 one
27 one 28 exception

in contrast , no deleterious mutations of rbfox1 and rbfox3 were found in the exomes of 6503 [non] - re subjects deposited in the exome variant server database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 mutations
4 no 6 mutations
5 deleterious 6 mutations
6 mutations 7 of
6 mutations 11 were
7 of 10 rbfox3
8 rbfox1 9 and
9 and 10 rbfox3
11 were 12 found
12 found 13 in
13 in 15 exomes
14 the 15 exomes
15 exomes 16 of
16 of 17 6503
19 - 21 subjects
20 re 21 subjects
21 subjects 22 deposited
21 subjects 23 in
23 in 28 database
24 the 28 database
25 exome 26 variant
26 variant 27 server
27 server 28 database

the observed rbfox3 exon 3 deletion and nonsense mutation suggest that rbfox3 represents a novel risk factor for re , indicating that exon deletions and truncating mutations of rbfox1 and rbfox3 contribute to the genetic variance of partial and generalized idiopathic epilepsy syndromes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggest
1 the 6 deletion
2 observed 6 deletion
3 rbfox3 4 exon
4 exon 6 deletion
5 3 6 deletion
6 deletion 7 and
7 and 9 mutation
7 and 10 suggest
8 nonsense 9 mutation
10 suggest 11 that
11 that 12 rbfox3
11 that 13 represents
12 rbfox3 13 represents
13 represents 17 factor
14 a 17 factor
15 novel 17 factor
16 risk 17 factor
17 factor 18 for
17 factor 21 indicating
18 for 19 re
20 , 21 indicating
21 indicating 22 that
21 indicating 44 .
22 that 30 and
22 that 32 contribute
23 exon 24 deletions
24 deletions 25 and
25 and 27 mutations
25 and 28 of
25 and 30 and
26 truncating 27 mutations
28 of 29 rbfox1
30 and 31 rbfox3
30 and 32 contribute
32 contribute 33 to
33 to 36 variance
34 the 36 variance
35 genetic 36 variance
36 variance 37 of
37 of 39 and
38 partial 39 and
39 and 43 syndromes
40 generalized 42 epilepsy
41 idiopathic 42 epilepsy
42 epilepsy 43 syndromes

the proto - oncogene [c] - myc is vital for vascular development and promotes tumor angiogenesis , but the mechanisms by which it controls blood vessel growth remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 oncogene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 4 oncogene
2 proto 3 -
2 proto 4 oncogene
6 - 7 myc
6 - 13 and
6 - 18 but
6 - 30 .
7 myc 13 and
8 is 9 vital
8 is 13 and
9 vital 10 for
10 for 12 development
11 vascular 12 development
13 and 14 promotes
13 and 16 angiogenesis
15 tumor 16 angiogenesis
17 , 18 but
18 but 20 mechanisms
18 but 28 remain
19 the 20 mechanisms
20 mechanisms 21 by
20 mechanisms 28 remain
21 by 22 which
21 by 23 it
21 by 24 controls
23 it 24 controls
24 controls 27 growth
25 blood 27 growth
26 vessel 27 growth
28 remain 29 unclear

in the present work we investigated the effects of [c] [-] myc knockdown in endothelial cell functions essential for angiogenesis to define its role in the vasculature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 4 work
1 in 5 we
2 the 4 work
3 present 4 work
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 effects
6 investigated 21 to
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
8 effects 13 knockdown
8 effects 18 essential
9 of 12 myc
13 knockdown 14 in
14 in 17 functions
15 endothelial 16 cell
16 cell 17 functions
18 essential 19 for
19 for 20 angiogenesis
21 to 22 define
22 define 24 role
22 define 25 in
23 its 24 role
25 in 27 vasculature
26 the 27 vasculature

we provide the first evidence that reduction in [c] [-] myc expression in endothelial cells leads to a pro - inflammatory senescent phenotype , features typically observed during vascular aging and pathologies associated with endothelial dysfunction . [c] - myc [knockdown] in human umbilical vein endothelial cells using lentivirus expressing specific anti - c - myc shrna reduced proliferation and tube formation . 
1 we 2 provide
2 provide 5 evidence
3 the 5 evidence
4 first 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
5 evidence 16 leads
5 evidence 17 to
6 that 7 reduction
6 that 16 leads
7 reduction 8 in
7 reduction 16 leads
8 in 12 expression
11 myc 12 expression
12 expression 13 in
13 in 15 cells
14 endothelial 15 cells
17 to 19 pro
18 a 19 pro
19 pro 23 phenotype
20 - 23 phenotype
21 inflammatory 23 phenotype
22 senescent 23 phenotype
23 phenotype 24 ,
24 , 27 observed
25 features 27 observed
26 typically 27 observed
27 observed 28 during
27 observed 37 .
28 during 31 and
29 vascular 30 aging
30 aging 31 and
31 and 32 pathologies
32 pathologies 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 36 dysfunction
35 endothelial 36 dysfunction
37 . 48 using
39 - 40 myc
40 myc 48 using
42 in 47 cells
42 in 48 using
43 human 47 cells
44 umbilical 45 vein
45 vein 47 cells
46 endothelial 47 cells
48 using 57 shrna
48 using 58 reduced
49 lentivirus 50 expressing
50 expressing 57 shrna
51 specific 57 shrna
52 anti 55 -
52 anti 57 shrna
53 - 55 -
54 c 55 -
55 - 56 myc
58 reduced 60 and
59 proliferation 60 and
60 and 62 formation
60 and 63 .
61 tube 62 formation

these functional defects were associated with morphological changes , increase in senescence - associated - β - galactosidase activity , upregulation of cell cycle inhibitors and accumulation [of] [c] - myc - deficient cells in g1 - phase , indicating that [c] - myc knockdown in endothelial cells induces senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 these 3 defects
2 functional 3 defects
3 defects 9 ,
4 were 5 associated
4 were 9 ,
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 changes
7 morphological 8 changes
9 , 10 increase
9 , 11 in
9 , 14 associated
9 , 21 upregulation
11 in 12 senescence
13 - 14 associated
14 associated 15 -
16 β 19 activity
16 β 21 upregulation
17 - 19 activity
18 galactosidase 19 activity
19 activity 20 ,
21 upregulation 22 of
21 upregulation 31 myc
22 of 26 and
23 cell 25 inhibitors
24 cycle 25 inhibitors
25 inhibitors 26 and
26 and 27 accumulation
30 - 31 myc
31 myc 32 -
32 - 34 cells
32 - 37 -
33 deficient 34 cells
34 cells 35 in
35 in 36 g1
37 - 38 phase
37 - 39 ,
39 , 44 myc
39 , 49 induces
40 indicating 41 that
40 indicating 43 -
40 indicating 44 myc
44 myc 45 knockdown
44 myc 49 induces
45 knockdown 46 in
46 in 48 cells
47 endothelial 48 cells
49 induces 50 senescence

gene expression analysis [of] [c] - myc - deficient endothelial cells showed that senescent phenotype was accompanied by significant upregulation of growth factors , adhesion molecules , extracellular - matrix components and remodeling proteins , [and] a cluster of pro - inflammatory mediators , which include angptl4 , cxcl12 , mdk , tgfb2 and tnfsf15 . 
1 gene 3 analysis
2 expression 3 analysis
3 analysis 8 -
3 analysis 12 showed
6 - 8 -
7 myc 8 -
8 - 11 cells
9 deficient 11 cells
10 endothelial 11 cells
12 showed 14 senescent
12 showed 18 by
13 that 14 senescent
14 senescent 15 phenotype
14 senescent 16 was
14 senescent 17 accompanied
15 phenotype 16 was
18 by 20 upregulation
19 significant 20 upregulation
20 upregulation 21 of
21 of 32 and
22 growth 23 factors
23 factors 24 ,
24 , 26 molecules
24 , 27 ,
25 adhesion 26 molecules
27 , 31 components
27 , 32 and
28 extracellular 29 -
28 extracellular 31 components
30 matrix 31 components
32 and 34 proteins
32 and 41 -
33 remodeling 34 proteins
35 , 41 -
37 a 38 cluster
38 cluster 39 of
38 cluster 41 -
39 of 40 pro
41 - 43 mediators
42 inflammatory 43 mediators
43 mediators 45 which
43 mediators 49 cxcl12
44 , 45 which
45 which 46 include
46 include 47 angptl4
48 , 49 cxcl12
49 cxcl12 51 mdk
49 cxcl12 56 .
50 , 51 mdk
51 mdk 54 and
51 mdk 56 .
52 , 54 and
53 tgfb2 54 and
54 and 55 tnfsf15
54 and 56 .

at the peak of expression of these cytokines , transcription factors known to be involved in growth control ( e2f1 , id1 and myb ) were downregulated , while those involved in inflammatory responses ( relb , stat1 , stat2 and stat4 ) were upregulated . 
1 at 3 peak
1 at 9 ,
1 at 11 factors
2 the 3 peak
3 peak 4 of
3 peak 6 of
4 of 5 expression
6 of 8 cytokines
7 these 8 cytokines
10 transcription 11 factors
11 factors 12 known
11 factors 15 involved
11 factors 26 were
12 known 13 to
12 known 14 be
13 to 14 be
15 involved 16 in
16 in 18 control
17 growth 18 control
18 control 23 and
19 ( 23 and
20 e2f1 21 ,
21 , 22 id1
21 , 23 and
23 and 24 myb
23 and 25 )
26 were 27 downregulated
27 downregulated 29 while
28 , 29 while
29 while 30 those
29 while 45 upregulated
29 while 46 .
30 those 31 involved
30 those 44 were
31 involved 32 in
32 in 34 responses
33 inflammatory 34 responses
34 responses 36 relb
35 ( 36 relb
36 relb 41 and
36 relb 43 )
37 , 41 and
38 stat1 39 ,
39 , 40 stat2
39 , 41 and
41 and 42 stat4
41 and 43 )
44 were 45 upregulated
45 upregulated 46 .

our results demonstrate a novel role for [c] [-] myc in the prevention [of] vascular pro - inflammatory phenotype , supporting an important physiological function as a central regulator of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 6 role
3 demonstrate 11 in
4 a 5 novel
4 a 6 role
5 novel 6 role
6 role 7 for
7 for 10 myc
11 in 16 pro
12 the 16 pro
13 prevention 16 pro
15 vascular 16 pro
17 - 19 phenotype
17 - 20 ,
17 - 35 .
18 inflammatory 19 phenotype
20 , 34 dysfunction
21 supporting 34 dysfunction
22 an 23 important
22 an 25 function
23 important 25 function
24 physiological 25 function
25 function 26 as
25 function 32 and
26 as 29 regulator
27 a 28 central
27 a 29 regulator
28 central 29 regulator
29 regulator 30 of
30 of 31 inflammation
32 and 33 endothelial
32 and 34 dysfunction

[protein] n - glycosylation patterns are known to show vast genetic as well as physiological and pathological variation and represent a large pool of potential biomarkers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 n
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 n 3 -
3 - 4 glycosylation
4 glycosylation 5 patterns
4 glycosylation 20 represent
4 glycosylation 26 biomarkers
5 patterns 6 are
6 are 7 known
7 known 8 to
7 known 19 and
8 to 19 and
9 show 18 variation
9 show 19 and
10 vast 18 variation
11 genetic 13 well
11 genetic 14 as
11 genetic 16 and
12 as 13 well
14 as 15 physiological
16 and 17 pathological
16 and 18 variation
19 and 20 represent
20 represent 23 pool
21 a 22 large
21 a 23 pool
22 large 23 pool
23 pool 24 of
24 of 25 potential

large - scale studies are needed for the identification and validation of biomarkers , and the analytical techniques required have recently been developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 large 2 -
1 large 3 scale
3 scale 4 studies
4 studies 5 are
5 are 6 needed
6 needed 7 for
7 for 10 and
8 the 9 identification
9 identification 10 and
10 and 11 validation
10 and 12 of
12 of 13 biomarkers
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 techniques
15 and 23 developed
16 the 18 techniques
17 analytical 18 techniques
18 techniques 19 required
18 techniques 20 have
20 have 22 been
21 recently 22 been
22 been 23 developed

such methods have [up] [to] now mainly been applied to complex mixtures of glycoproteins in biofluids ( e.g [.] plasma ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 such 2 methods
2 methods 3 have
3 have 8 been
6 now 8 been
7 mainly 8 been
8 been 9 applied
9 applied 10 to
10 to 11 complex
11 complex 12 mixtures
11 complex 15 in
12 mixtures 13 of
13 of 14 glycoproteins
15 in 16 biofluids
16 biofluids 20 plasma
17 ( 20 plasma
18 e.g 20 plasma
20 plasma 21 )

here , we analyzed n - glycosylation profiles of alpha1 - antitrypsin ( aat ) and immunoglobulin a ( iga ) enriched fractions by 96 - well microtitration plate based high - throughput [immuno] - affinity capturing and n - glycan analysis using multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser - induced fluorescence detection ( cge - lif ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 n
6 - 16 and
6 - 22 enriched
6 - 26 -
6 - 35 -
7 glycosylation 8 profiles
8 profiles 9 of
8 profiles 16 and
9 of 10 alpha1
10 alpha1 12 antitrypsin
11 - 12 antitrypsin
12 antitrypsin 14 aat
12 antitrypsin 15 )
13 ( 14 aat
14 aat 15 )
16 and 17 immunoglobulin
16 and 20 iga
16 and 22 enriched
17 immunoglobulin 18 a
19 ( 20 iga
20 iga 21 )
22 enriched 23 fractions
23 fractions 24 by
24 by 25 96
26 - 27 well
27 well 33 throughput
28 microtitration 30 based
29 plate 30 based
30 based 33 throughput
31 high 32 -
31 high 33 throughput
35 - 49 laser
35 - 50 -
35 - 59 .
36 affinity 49 laser
37 capturing 38 and
38 and 39 n
38 and 40 -
38 and 43 using
38 and 48 with
38 and 49 laser
41 glycan 42 analysis
42 analysis 43 using
43 using 44 multiplexed
44 multiplexed 47 electrophoresis
44 multiplexed 48 with
45 capillary 47 electrophoresis
46 gel 47 electrophoresis
50 - 53 detection
51 induced 53 detection
52 fluorescence 53 detection
53 detection 55 cge
54 ( 55 cge
55 cge 57 lif
55 cge 58 )
56 - 57 lif
57 lif 58 )

human plasma samples were from the leiden longevity study comprising 2415 participants of different chronological and biological ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 human 2 plasma
2 plasma 3 samples
3 samples 4 were
4 were 5 from
5 from 9 study
6 the 9 study
7 leiden 8 longevity
8 longevity 9 study
9 study 10 comprising
10 comprising 12 participants
11 2415 12 participants
12 participants 13 of
13 of 18 ages
14 different 18 ages
15 chronological 16 and
16 and 17 biological
16 and 18 ages

glycosylation patterns of aat enriched fractions were found to be associated with chronological [(] calendar [ )(age and they differed between females and males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 glycosylation 2 patterns
2 patterns 3 of
2 patterns 6 fractions
2 patterns 8 found
2 patterns 20 differed
3 of 4 aat
4 aat 5 enriched
6 fractions 7 were
7 were 8 found
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 18 and
13 chronological 17 )(age
15 calendar 17 )(age
17 )(age 18 and
18 and 19 they
20 differed 21 between
21 between 23 and
22 females 23 and
23 and 24 males

moreover , several glycans in the aat enriched fraction were associated with physiological parameters marking cardiovascular and metabolic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 glycans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 glycans
3 several 4 glycans
4 glycans 5 in
4 glycans 10 were
5 in 9 fraction
6 the 9 fraction
7 aat 8 enriched
8 enriched 9 fraction
10 were 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 parameters
13 physiological 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 marking
15 marking 19 diseases
16 cardiovascular 17 and
17 and 18 metabolic
17 and 19 diseases

pronounced differences were found between males and females in the glycosylation profiles of iga enriched fractions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 pronounced 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 between
4 found 9 in
5 between 7 and
6 males 7 and
7 and 8 females
9 in 12 profiles
10 the 12 profiles
11 glycosylation 12 profiles
12 profiles 13 of
13 of 16 fractions
14 iga 15 enriched
15 enriched 16 fractions

our results demonstrate that large - scale [immuno] - affinity capturing of proteins from human plasma using a bead - based method combined with high - throughput n - glycan analysis is a powerful tool for the discovery of glycosylation - based biomarker candidates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 7 scale
3 demonstrate 42 based
4 that 7 scale
5 large 6 -
5 large 7 scale
7 scale 20 -
7 scale 42 based
9 - 20 -
10 affinity 11 capturing
11 capturing 12 of
11 capturing 20 -
12 of 13 proteins
13 proteins 14 from
13 proteins 17 using
14 from 16 plasma
15 human 16 plasma
17 using 19 bead
18 a 19 bead
20 - 22 method
20 - 41 -
21 based 22 method
22 method 23 combined
23 combined 24 with
23 combined 36 for
24 with 30 glycan
24 with 35 tool
25 high 27 throughput
25 high 29 -
25 high 30 glycan
26 - 27 throughput
27 throughput 28 n
27 throughput 29 -
30 glycan 31 analysis
30 glycan 32 is
31 analysis 32 is
33 a 35 tool
34 powerful 35 tool
36 for 38 discovery
37 the 38 discovery
38 discovery 39 of
39 of 40 glycosylation
42 based 44 candidates
43 biomarker 44 candidates

telomeres protect the chromosome ends from degradation and play crucial roles in cellular aging and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 telomeres 8 and
2 protect 5 ends
2 protect 8 and
3 the 5 ends
4 chromosome 5 ends
5 ends 6 from
6 from 7 degradation
8 and 9 play
9 play 11 roles
9 play 12 in
10 crucial 11 roles
12 in 15 and
13 cellular 14 aging
13 cellular 15 and
15 and 16 disease

recent studies have additionally found a correlation between psychological stress , telomere length , and health outcome in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 5 found
4 additionally 5 found
5 found 7 correlation
5 found 8 between
5 found 18 in
6 a 7 correlation
8 between 15 and
9 psychological 10 stress
10 stress 11 ,
11 , 13 length
11 , 15 and
12 telomere 13 length
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 outcome
16 health 17 outcome
18 in 19 humans

however , studies have not yet explored the causal relationship between stress and telomere length , or the molecular mechanisms underlying that relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 not
4 have 7 explored
6 yet 7 explored
7 explored 10 relationship
7 explored 11 between
8 the 10 relationship
9 causal 10 relationship
11 between 17 or
12 stress 13 and
13 and 15 length
13 and 17 or
14 telomere 15 length
16 , 17 or
17 or 20 mechanisms
17 or 21 underlying
18 the 20 mechanisms
19 molecular 20 mechanisms
21 underlying 23 relationship
22 that 23 relationship

using yeast as a model organism , we show that stresses may have very different outcomes : alcohol and acetic acid elongate telomeres , whereas caffeine and high temperatures shorten telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 shorten
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 using 2 yeast
1 using 3 as
1 using 7 ,
1 using 8 we
3 as 6 organism
4 a 6 organism
5 model 6 organism
8 we 9 show
9 show 10 that
10 that 11 stresses
10 that 13 have
11 stresses 12 may
12 may 13 have
13 have 16 outcomes
14 very 15 different
15 different 16 outcomes
17 : 19 and
17 : 22 elongate
18 alcohol 19 and
19 and 21 acid
19 and 22 elongate
20 acetic 21 acid
22 elongate 23 telomeres
22 elongate 25 whereas
24 , 25 whereas
25 whereas 27 and
26 caffeine 27 and
27 and 29 temperatures
27 and 30 shorten
28 high 29 temperatures
30 shorten 31 telomeres

additional treatments , such as oxidative stress , show no effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 additional 2 treatments
2 treatments 5 as
2 treatments 9 show
3 , 5 as
4 such 5 as
5 as 7 stress
5 as 8 ,
6 oxidative 7 stress
9 show 11 effect
10 no 11 effect

by combining genome [-] wide expression measurements with a systematic genetic screen , we identify the rap1/rif1 pathway as the central mediator of the telomeric response to environmental signals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 by 2 combining
1 by 13 ,
1 by 14 we
2 combining 7 measurements
2 combining 8 with
3 genome 7 measurements
5 wide 6 expression
6 expression 7 measurements
8 with 12 screen
9 a 10 systematic
9 a 12 screen
10 systematic 12 screen
11 genetic 12 screen
14 we 15 identify
15 identify 18 pathway
15 identify 19 as
16 the 18 pathway
17 rap1/rif1 18 pathway
19 as 22 mediator
20 the 22 mediator
21 central 22 mediator
22 mediator 23 of
23 of 26 response
24 the 26 response
25 telomeric 26 response
26 response 27 to
27 to 29 signals
28 environmental 29 signals

these results demonstrate that telomere length can be manipulated , and that [a] carefully regulated homeostasis may become markedly deregulated in opposing directions in response to different environmental cues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 length
4 that 9 manipulated
5 telomere 6 length
6 length 7 can
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 manipulated
9 manipulated 10 ,
11 and 16 homeostasis
11 and 18 become
12 that 14 carefully
14 carefully 15 regulated
15 regulated 16 homeostasis
16 homeostasis 17 may
17 may 18 become
18 become 20 deregulated
18 become 26 to
19 markedly 20 deregulated
20 deregulated 21 in
21 in 22 opposing
22 opposing 23 directions
24 in 25 response
25 response 26 to
26 to 29 cues
27 different 29 cues
28 environmental 29 cues

cell heterogeneity and the inherent complexity due to the interplay of multiple molecular processes within the cell pose difficult challenges for current single - cell biology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 pose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 cell 2 heterogeneity
2 heterogeneity 3 and
3 and 6 complexity
3 and 7 due
3 and 18 pose
4 the 6 complexity
5 inherent 6 complexity
7 due 8 to
8 to 10 interplay
9 the 10 interplay
10 interplay 11 of
11 of 14 processes
12 multiple 14 processes
13 molecular 14 processes
14 processes 15 within
15 within 17 cell
16 the 17 cell
18 pose 20 challenges
19 difficult 20 challenges
20 challenges 21 for
21 for 26 biology
22 current 26 biology
23 single 24 -
23 single 25 cell
25 cell 26 biology

we introduce an approach that identifies a disease phenotype from multiparameter single - cell measurements , which is based on the concept of " supercell statistics " , a single - cell - based averaging procedure followed by a machine learning classification scheme . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identifies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 we 2 introduce
2 introduce 4 approach
3 an 4 approach
4 approach 5 that
4 approach 6 identifies
5 that 6 identifies
6 identifies 9 phenotype
7 a 8 disease
7 a 9 phenotype
8 disease 9 phenotype
9 phenotype 10 from
10 from 15 measurements
11 multiparameter 14 cell
12 single 13 -
12 single 14 cell
14 cell 15 measurements
16 , 17 which
16 , 19 based
17 which 18 is
18 is 19 based
19 based 20 on
19 based 38 by
20 on 22 concept
21 the 22 concept
22 concept 23 of
22 concept 34 based
22 concept 35 averaging
23 of 24 "
23 of 26 statistics
25 supercell 26 statistics
26 statistics 27 "
26 statistics 32 cell
28 , 32 cell
29 a 32 cell
30 single 31 -
30 single 32 cell
32 cell 33 -
35 averaging 36 procedure
36 procedure 37 followed
38 by 43 scheme
39 a 43 scheme
40 machine 43 scheme
41 learning 43 scheme
42 classification 43 scheme

we are able to assess the optimal tradeoff between the number of single cells averaged and the number of measurements needed to capture phenotypic differences between healthy and diseased patients , as well as between different diseases that are difficult to diagnose otherwise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 capture
1 we 2 are
2 are 3 able
3 able 4 to
3 able 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 8 tradeoff
5 assess 9 between
5 assess 22 to
6 the 8 tradeoff
7 optimal 8 tradeoff
9 between 16 and
10 the 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 16 and
12 of 14 cells
13 single 14 cells
14 cells 15 averaged
16 and 18 number
16 and 19 of
17 the 18 number
19 of 20 measurements
20 measurements 21 needed
22 to 23 capture
23 capture 25 differences
24 phenotypic 25 differences
25 differences 26 between
25 differences 32 as
26 between 28 and
27 healthy 28 and
28 and 30 patients
29 diseased 30 patients
31 , 32 as
32 as 33 well
32 as 44 .
33 well 34 as
34 as 35 between
35 between 37 diseases
36 different 37 diseases
37 diseases 38 that
37 diseases 39 are
38 that 39 are
39 are 40 difficult
40 difficult 41 to
40 difficult 42 diagnose
41 to 42 diagnose
42 diagnose 43 otherwise

we apply our approach to two kinds of single - cell datasets , addressing the diagnosis of a premature aging disorder using images of cell nuclei , as well as [the] [phenotypes] of two [non] - infectious uveitides ( the ocular manifestations of behçet 's disease and sarcoidosis ) based on multicolor flow cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 apply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 we 2 apply
2 apply 4 approach
2 apply 5 to
3 our 4 approach
5 to 8 of
6 two 8 of
7 kinds 8 of
8 of 9 single
10 - 12 datasets
11 cell 12 datasets
12 datasets 14 addressing
13 , 14 addressing
14 addressing 16 diagnosis
14 addressing 22 using
15 the 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 of
17 of 21 disorder
18 a 19 premature
18 a 21 disorder
19 premature 21 disorder
20 aging 21 disorder
22 using 23 images
23 images 24 of
24 of 26 nuclei
25 cell 26 nuclei
26 nuclei 36 -
27 , 36 -
28 as 29 well
28 as 36 -
29 well 30 as
29 well 36 -
30 as 33 of
33 of 34 two
36 - 38 uveitides
37 infectious 38 uveitides
38 uveitides 47 and
39 ( 47 and
40 the 42 manifestations
41 ocular 42 manifestations
42 manifestations 43 of
42 manifestations 47 and
43 of 46 disease
44 behçet 45 's
45 's 46 disease
47 and 48 sarcoidosis
47 and 49 )
47 and 50 based
47 and 55 .
50 based 51 on
50 based 54 cytometry
51 on 53 flow
52 multicolor 53 flow

in the former case , one nuclear shape measurement taken over a group of 30 cells is sufficient to classify samples as healthy or diseased , in agreement with usual laboratory practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 4 case
1 in 5 ,
1 in 9 measurement
2 the 4 case
3 former 4 case
6 one 9 measurement
7 nuclear 8 shape
8 shape 9 measurement
9 measurement 10 taken
9 measurement 17 is
10 taken 11 over
11 over 16 cells
12 a 13 group
13 group 14 of
13 group 16 cells
14 of 16 cells
15 30 16 cells
17 is 18 sufficient
18 sufficient 19 to
18 sufficient 20 classify
19 to 20 classify
20 classify 21 samples
20 classify 22 as
22 as 24 or
23 healthy 24 or
24 or 25 diseased
24 or 26 ,
24 or 27 in
27 in 28 agreement
28 agreement 29 with
29 with 32 practice
30 usual 31 laboratory
31 laboratory 32 practice

in the latter , our method is able to identify a minimal set of 5 markers that accurately predict behçet 's disease and sarcoidosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 latter
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 method
2 the 3 latter
5 our 6 method
6 method 7 is
7 is 8 able
8 able 9 to
8 able 19 predict
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 13 set
11 a 12 minimal
11 a 13 set
12 minimal 13 set
13 set 14 of
14 of 15 5
16 markers 19 predict
17 that 18 accurately
18 accurately 19 predict
19 predict 20 behçet
19 predict 21 's
20 behçet 21 's
21 's 23 and
22 disease 23 and
23 and 24 sarcoidosis

this is the first time that a quantitative phenotypic distinction between these two diseases has been achieved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 time
3 the 5 time
4 first 5 time
5 time 6 that
6 that 10 distinction
6 that 17 achieved
7 a 8 quantitative
7 a 10 distinction
8 quantitative 10 distinction
9 phenotypic 10 distinction
10 distinction 11 between
10 distinction 15 has
11 between 14 diseases
12 these 13 two
13 two 14 diseases
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 achieved

to obtain this clear phenotypic signature , about one hundred cd8 [(] [+] [ )(t cells need to be measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 to 2 obtain
1 to 7 ,
1 to 16 cells
2 obtain 6 signature
3 this 6 signature
4 clear 6 signature
5 phenotypic 6 signature
8 about 10 hundred
9 one 10 hundred
10 hundred 16 cells
11 cd8 15 )(t
11 cd8 16 cells
16 cells 17 need
17 need 18 to
17 need 19 be
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 measured

although the molecular markers identified have been reported to be important players in autoimmune disorders , this is the first report pointing out that cd8 [(] [+] [ )(t cells can be used to distinguish two systemic inflammatory diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 although 4 markers
1 although 8 reported
1 although 16 ,
2 the 4 markers
3 molecular 4 markers
4 markers 5 identified
4 markers 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 reported
8 reported 9 to
8 reported 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 12 players
11 important 12 players
12 players 13 in
13 in 14 autoimmune
15 disorders 16 ,
16 , 35 distinguish
17 this 18 is
18 is 21 report
19 the 20 first
19 the 21 report
21 report 22 pointing
21 report 24 that
21 report 33 used
22 pointing 23 out
24 that 30 cells
24 that 32 be
25 cd8 29 )(t
25 cd8 30 cells
30 cells 31 can
31 can 32 be
33 used 34 to
34 to 35 distinguish
35 distinguish 39 diseases
36 two 39 diseases
37 systemic 39 diseases
38 inflammatory 39 diseases

beyond these specific cases , the approach proposed here is applicable to datasets generated by other kinds of state [-] of [-] the [-] art and forthcoming single - cell technologies , such as multidimensional mass cytometry , single - cell gene expression , and single - cell full genome sequencing techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
1 beyond 4 cases
1 beyond 5 ,
1 beyond 7 approach
2 these 4 cases
3 specific 4 cases
6 the 7 approach
7 approach 8 proposed
7 approach 9 here
7 approach 10 is
10 is 11 applicable
11 applicable 12 to
11 applicable 15 by
12 to 13 datasets
13 datasets 14 generated
15 by 17 kinds
16 other 17 kinds
17 kinds 18 of
17 kinds 21 of
18 of 19 state
21 of 26 and
23 the 25 art
25 art 26 and
26 and 31 technologies
26 and 32 ,
26 and 34 as
27 forthcoming 31 technologies
28 single 29 -
28 single 31 technologies
30 cell 31 technologies
33 such 34 as
34 as 39 single
35 multidimensional 36 mass
36 mass 39 single
37 cytometry 38 ,
37 cytometry 39 single
39 single 45 and
40 - 45 and
41 cell 42 gene
42 gene 43 expression
43 expression 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 50 genome
45 and 51 sequencing
45 and 53 .
46 single 47 -
46 single 48 cell
48 cell 50 genome
49 full 50 genome
51 sequencing 52 techniques

we conducted a quasi [-] experimental study to compare the effectiveness of a new short - term residential care option for stroke rehabilitation with that of usual day hospital care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 7 study
2 conducted 8 to
2 conducted 21 for
3 a 7 study
4 quasi 7 study
6 experimental 7 study
8 to 9 compare
9 compare 11 effectiveness
10 the 11 effectiveness
11 effectiveness 12 of
12 of 20 option
13 a 14 new
13 a 20 option
14 new 17 term
15 short 16 -
15 short 17 term
17 term 20 option
18 residential 19 care
19 care 20 option
21 for 23 rehabilitation
22 stroke 23 rehabilitation
23 rehabilitation 24 with
23 rehabilitation 26 of
24 with 25 that
26 of 30 care
27 usual 30 care
28 day 30 care
29 hospital 30 care

primary data were collected from stroke patients and their caregivers from june 2009 to may 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 primary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 primary 3 were
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 collected
4 collected 5 from
4 collected 14 to
5 from 8 and
6 stroke 7 patients
7 patients 8 and
8 and 10 caregivers
8 and 11 from
9 their 10 caregivers
11 from 12 june
12 june 13 2009
14 to 15 may
15 may 16 2012

new service option users and their caregivers were recruited for the intervention group , while users of usual public geriatric day hospital care and their caregivers were recruited for the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 new 2 service
2 service 4 users
3 option 4 users
4 users 5 and
5 and 7 caregivers
5 and 8 were
6 their 7 caregivers
8 were 9 recruited
9 recruited 10 for
10 for 13 group
11 the 13 group
12 intervention 13 group
14 , 32 group
15 while 16 users
15 while 28 recruited
15 while 32 group
16 users 17 of
16 users 24 and
16 users 27 were
16 users 28 recruited
17 of 21 day
18 usual 21 day
19 public 21 day
20 geriatric 21 day
22 hospital 23 care
23 care 24 and
24 and 26 caregivers
24 and 27 were
25 their 26 caregivers
28 recruited 29 for
29 for 31 control
30 the 31 control

the primary outcome measures were modified barthel index ( mbi ) and mini - mental status examination ( mmse ) scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 the 4 measures
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 measures
4 measures 5 were
5 were 13 mini
6 modified 7 barthel
7 barthel 8 index
8 index 10 mbi
9 ( 10 mbi
10 mbi 11 )
10 mbi 12 and
12 and 13 mini
14 - 19 mmse
14 - 21 scores
14 - 22 .
15 mental 16 status
16 status 17 examination
17 examination 19 mmse
18 ( 19 mmse
19 mmse 20 )
19 mmse 21 scores

trained research assistants assessed the outcome measures at the beginning of the rehabilitation program ( baseline ) and at a 4 [-] month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assistants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
1 trained 2 research
2 research 3 assistants
3 assistants 4 assessed
4 assessed 7 measures
4 assessed 24 follow
5 the 7 measures
6 outcome 7 measures
7 measures 18 and
7 measures 24 follow
8 at 10 beginning
8 at 18 and
9 the 10 beginning
10 beginning 11 of
11 of 14 program
12 the 14 program
13 rehabilitation 14 program
14 program 16 baseline
15 ( 16 baseline
16 baseline 17 )
18 and 19 at
19 at 23 month
20 a 23 month
21 4 23 month
24 follow 26 up
25 - 26 up
26 up 27 .

sixty and 128 stroke patients were recruited for the intervention and control groups , respectively ; 50 and 105 participants , respectively , completed the 4 - [month] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 sixty 2 and
2 and 3 128
2 and 5 patients
4 stroke 5 patients
5 patients 11 and
6 were 7 recruited
6 were 11 and
7 recruited 8 for
8 for 10 intervention
9 the 10 intervention
11 and 12 control
12 control 13 groups
12 control 15 respectively
14 , 15 respectively
15 respectively 16 ;
16 ; 20 participants
16 ; 24 completed
16 ; 27 -
17 50 18 and
18 and 19 105
18 and 20 participants
20 participants 24 completed
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 ,
22 respectively 24 completed
24 completed 26 4
25 the 26 4
27 - 29 follow
27 - 30 -
30 - 31 up

at 4 [-] month follow - up , the intervention group had an increased mbi score of 15.3 ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci []] 10.8 - 19.8 ) and an mmse score of 1.3 ( 95 % ci 0.4 - 2.1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 at 4 month
1 at 5 follow
2 4 4 month
6 - 7 up
6 - 8 ,
8 , 11 group
8 , 12 had
9 the 11 group
10 intervention 11 group
11 group 12 had
12 had 31 and
13 an 16 score
14 increased 16 score
15 mbi 16 score
16 score 17 of
16 score 31 and
17 of 18 15.3
18 15.3 22 confidence
19 ( 22 confidence
20 95 21 %
21 % 22 confidence
22 confidence 25 ci
22 confidence 29 19.8
22 confidence 30 )
24 [ 25 ci
25 ci 27 10.8
25 ci 28 -
28 - 29 19.8
29 19.8 30 )
31 and 34 score
31 and 35 of
31 and 40 ci
32 an 34 score
33 mmse 34 score
35 of 36 1.3
37 ( 40 ci
38 95 40 ci
39 % 40 ci
40 ci 42 -
40 ci 44 )
41 0.4 42 -
42 - 43 2.1

in comparison , the control group had an increased mbi score of 13.3 ( 95 % ci 9.7 - 16.8 ) and an mmse score of 1.1 ( 95 % ci 0.4 - 1.9 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 group
4 the 6 group
5 control 6 group
6 group 7 had
7 had 22 and
8 an 11 score
9 increased 11 score
10 mbi 11 score
11 score 12 of
11 score 22 and
12 of 13 13.3
13 13.3 17 ci
14 ( 17 ci
15 95 17 ci
16 % 17 ci
17 ci 19 -
17 ci 21 )
18 9.7 19 -
19 - 20 16.8
22 and 25 score
22 and 26 of
22 and 31 ci
23 an 25 score
24 mmse 25 score
26 of 27 1.1
28 ( 31 ci
29 95 31 ci
30 % 31 ci
31 ci 33 -
31 ci 35 )
32 0.4 33 -
33 - 34 1.9

both groups showed a significant improvement in mbi and mmse scores after 4 months , and there was no significant [between] - group difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 both 2 groups
2 groups 3 showed
3 showed 6 improvement
3 showed 11 scores
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 improvement
5 significant 6 improvement
6 improvement 7 in
6 improvement 11 scores
7 in 10 mmse
8 mbi 9 and
9 and 10 mmse
11 scores 12 after
12 after 14 months
13 4 14 months
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 there
16 and 18 was
17 there 18 was
18 was 24 difference
19 no 24 difference
20 significant 22 -
20 significant 24 difference
23 group 24 difference

to conclude [,] the new service option and the usual care option showed similar improvement in rehabilitation outcomes at 4 months after baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 to 2 conclude
2 conclude 8 and
2 conclude 13 showed
4 the 7 option
5 new 6 service
6 service 7 option
7 option 8 and
8 and 12 option
8 and 13 showed
9 the 12 option
10 usual 11 care
11 care 12 option
13 showed 15 improvement
14 similar 15 improvement
15 improvement 16 in
15 improvement 19 at
16 in 18 outcomes
17 rehabilitation 18 outcomes
19 at 21 months
20 4 21 months
21 months 22 after
22 after 23 baseline

initiatives to provide alternative care options on a user [-] pay model should be encouraged to ensure a sustainable health care system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 initiatives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 encouraged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 initiatives 2 to
1 initiatives 3 provide
1 initiatives 13 should
2 to 3 provide
3 provide 6 options
3 provide 7 on
4 alternative 5 care
5 care 6 options
7 on 12 model
8 a 12 model
9 user 11 pay
11 pay 12 model
13 should 14 be
14 be 15 encouraged
15 encouraged 16 to
15 encouraged 17 ensure
16 to 17 ensure
17 ensure 22 system
18 a 19 sustainable
18 a 22 system
19 sustainable 20 health
20 health 22 system
21 care 22 system

lips and the perioral area are of outstanding importance in youthful [appearance] , attractiveness , and beauty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 lips 2 and
2 and 5 area
2 and 6 are
3 the 5 area
4 perioral 5 area
6 are 7 of
6 are 10 in
7 of 9 importance
8 outstanding 9 importance
10 in 16 and
11 youthful 13 ,
11 youthful 14 attractiveness
14 attractiveness 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 beauty

in contrast to younger [and] middle aged females [,] there is only scant published data on minimally invasive procedures to restore and revitalize lips and perioral soft tissue in elderly females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 3 to
2 contrast 10 there
2 contrast 11 is
3 to 8 females
4 younger 6 middle
6 middle 8 females
7 aged 8 females
11 is 22 and
12 only 13 scant
13 scant 15 data
13 scant 22 and
14 published 15 data
15 data 16 on
15 data 20 to
15 data 21 restore
16 on 19 procedures
17 minimally 18 invasive
18 invasive 19 procedures
20 to 21 restore
22 and 23 revitalize
22 and 29 in
23 revitalize 25 and
24 lips 25 and
25 and 28 tissue
26 perioral 28 tissue
27 soft 28 tissue
29 in 31 females
30 elderly 31 females

in this review we report the signs of aging in this particular region and the underlying anatomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 report
5 report 7 signs
6 the 7 signs
7 signs 8 of
8 of 9 aging
9 aging 10 in
10 in 14 and
11 this 13 region
12 particular 13 region
13 region 14 and
14 and 17 anatomy
15 the 17 anatomy
16 underlying 17 anatomy

we review studies on lip restoration in younger females and present our techniques for elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 10 and
2 review 3 studies
2 review 4 on
2 review 7 in
2 review 10 and
4 on 6 restoration
5 lip 6 restoration
7 in 9 females
8 younger 9 females
10 and 11 present
11 present 13 techniques
12 our 13 techniques
13 techniques 14 for
14 for 16 women
15 elderly 16 women

with an individually tailored approach , elderly females benefit from minimally invasive techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 females
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 with 5 approach
1 with 6 ,
1 with 8 females
2 an 5 approach
3 individually 4 tailored
4 tailored 5 approach
7 elderly 8 females
8 females 9 benefit
9 benefit 10 from
10 from 13 techniques
11 minimally 12 invasive
12 invasive 13 techniques

background : both low dietary protein intake and inadequate distribution of protein over the three mealtimes have been reported in older caucasian adults , but the association between protein intake at each meal and muscle mass has not been studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 low
3 both 4 low
4 low 6 protein
5 dietary 6 protein
7 intake 8 and
8 and 10 distribution
8 and 16 mealtimes
8 and 18 been
8 and 19 reported
9 inadequate 10 distribution
10 distribution 11 of
11 of 12 protein
12 protein 13 over
13 over 15 three
14 the 15 three
16 mealtimes 17 have
17 have 18 been
19 reported 20 in
19 reported 24 ,
20 in 23 adults
21 older 22 caucasian
22 caucasian 23 adults
25 but 27 association
25 but 40 studied
26 the 27 association
27 association 28 between
27 association 30 intake
27 association 39 been
27 association 40 studied
28 between 29 protein
30 intake 31 at
30 intake 37 has
31 at 34 and
32 each 33 meal
33 meal 34 and
34 and 36 mass
35 muscle 36 mass
37 has 38 not
37 has 39 been

the purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary protein intake and distribution by mealtimes , and to explore their association with appendicular skeletal muscle mass in apparently healthy older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 17 and
7 to 17 and
8 evaluate 12 and
8 evaluate 14 by
8 evaluate 17 and
9 dietary 10 protein
10 protein 11 intake
11 intake 12 and
12 and 13 distribution
14 by 15 mealtimes
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 to
17 and 26 mass
18 to 19 explore
19 explore 21 association
19 explore 22 with
20 their 21 association
22 with 25 muscle
23 appendicular 25 muscle
24 skeletal 25 muscle
26 mass 27 in
27 in 31 adults
28 apparently 29 healthy
29 healthy 31 adults
30 older 31 adults

methods : this was a cross - sectional pilot study that included 78 people over the age of 60 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 was
2 : 7 -
3 this 4 was
4 was 6 cross
5 a 6 cross
7 - 10 study
8 sectional 9 pilot
9 pilot 10 study
10 study 11 that
10 study 12 included
11 that 12 included
12 included 14 people
12 included 15 over
13 78 14 people
15 over 17 age
16 the 17 age
17 age 18 of
18 of 20 years
19 60 20 years

caloric and protein intake were estimated on the basis of three nonconsecutive 24 [-] hour diet recalls and appendicular skeletal muscle mass by dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 estimated
1 caloric 2 and
2 and 4 intake
2 and 5 were
3 protein 4 intake
5 were 6 estimated
6 estimated 7 on
7 on 9 basis
8 the 9 basis
9 basis 10 of
10 of 18 and
11 three 17 recalls
12 nonconsecutive 17 recalls
13 24 15 hour
15 hour 16 diet
16 diet 17 recalls
17 recalls 18 and
18 and 22 mass
18 and 23 by
18 and 30 absorptiometry
19 appendicular 22 mass
20 skeletal 22 mass
21 muscle 22 mass
23 by 26 energy
24 dual 25 -
24 dual 26 energy
26 energy 27 x
28 - 30 absorptiometry
29 ray 30 absorptiometry
30 absorptiometry 31 .

results : men consumed 13.4 g [of] [protein/day] more than women ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 men
3 men 4 consumed
4 consumed 9 more
4 consumed 10 than
5 13.4 6 g
6 g 9 more
10 than 11 women
11 women 14 <
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.05
14 < 16 )

the estimated value of dietary protein intake was 0.9 g/kg/day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 value
2 estimated 3 value
3 value 4 of
3 value 8 was
4 of 7 intake
5 dietary 6 protein
6 protein 7 intake
8 was 10 g/kg/day
9 0.9 10 g/kg/day

in this sample , 28 % of subjects did not cover 100 % of the dietary reference intake for protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 cover
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 sample
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 %
2 this 3 sample
5 28 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 9 did
7 of 8 subjects
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 cover
11 cover 13 %
12 100 13 %
13 % 14 of
14 of 18 intake
15 the 18 intake
16 dietary 17 reference
17 reference 18 intake
18 intake 19 for
19 for 20 protein

lower consumption of dietary protein was found at breakfast and dinnertime compared with the recommended amount of 25 - 30 g ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 lower 2 consumption
2 consumption 3 of
2 consumption 6 was
3 of 5 protein
4 dietary 5 protein
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 at
8 at 10 and
9 breakfast 10 and
10 and 11 dinnertime
10 and 12 compared
12 compared 13 with
13 with 16 amount
14 the 16 amount
15 recommended 16 amount
16 amount 17 of
16 amount 24 <
17 of 19 -
18 25 19 -
19 - 20 30
20 30 21 g
21 g 24 <
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.05
24 < 26 )

also , the study observed that appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men and women who consumed < 25 g of protein at each mealtime was different from that found in the group that consumed >25 [g] of protein at one , two , or three mealtimes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 also 10 mass
2 , 5 observed
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 observed
5 observed 10 mass
6 that 10 mass
7 appendicular 9 muscle
8 skeletal 9 muscle
9 muscle 10 mass
10 mass 11 in
10 mass 20 of
10 mass 25 was
11 in 13 and
12 men 13 and
13 and 14 women
13 and 15 who
13 and 16 consumed
15 who 16 consumed
16 consumed 19 g
17 < 18 25
18 25 19 g
20 of 21 protein
21 protein 22 at
22 at 24 mealtime
23 each 24 mealtime
25 was 26 different
26 different 27 from
27 from 28 that
28 that 29 found
29 found 30 in
30 in 35 >25
31 the 35 >25
32 group 35 >25
33 that 34 consumed
34 consumed 35 >25
35 >25 37 of
37 of 44 or
38 protein 39 at
38 protein 44 or
39 at 40 one
40 one 42 two
41 , 42 two
42 two 43 ,
43 , 44 or
44 or 46 mealtimes
45 three 46 mealtimes

conclusion : while protein intake was higher than current recommendations , it failed to achieve the values reported as necessary to prevent sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 intake
2 : 6 was
2 : 11 ,
2 : 22 prevent
3 while 4 protein
3 while 5 intake
5 intake 6 was
6 was 7 higher
7 higher 8 than
8 than 10 recommendations
9 current 10 recommendations
11 , 12 it
11 , 15 achieve
12 it 13 failed
14 to 15 achieve
15 achieve 17 values
16 the 17 values
17 values 18 reported
17 values 20 necessary
19 as 20 necessary
20 necessary 21 to
20 necessary 22 prevent
21 to 22 prevent
22 prevent 23 sarcopenia

in addition , there was [under] [-] consumption of protein per mealtime , especially at breakfast and dinner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 consumption
8 consumption 9 of
9 of 10 protein
10 protein 11 per
10 protein 15 at
11 per 12 mealtime
13 , 14 especially
13 , 15 at
15 at 17 and
15 at 19 .
16 breakfast 17 and
17 and 18 dinner

background : use of intensive anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) potentially increases the risk of bleeding complications during percutaneous coronary intervention via the transfemoral route . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 use
3 use 4 of
4 of 6 anticoagulation
5 intensive 6 anticoagulation
7 and 9 therapy
7 and 18 increases
8 antiplatelet 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 in
9 therapy 15 ami
9 therapy 18 increases
10 in 13 infarction
11 acute 13 infarction
12 myocardial 13 infarction
14 ( 15 ami
15 ami 16 )
17 potentially 18 increases
18 increases 20 risk
18 increases 28 via
19 the 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 22 bleeding
22 bleeding 23 complications
22 bleeding 24 during
24 during 27 intervention
25 percutaneous 27 intervention
26 coronary 27 intervention
28 via 31 route
29 the 31 route
30 transfemoral 31 route

recently , the transradial access has been intensively employed as an alternative means for diagnostic and interventional procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 access
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 5 access
3 the 5 access
4 transradial 5 access
5 access 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 intensively
7 been 9 employed
9 employed 10 as
10 as 13 means
11 an 12 alternative
11 an 13 means
12 alternative 13 means
13 means 14 for
14 for 18 procedures
15 diagnostic 16 and
16 and 17 interventional
16 and 18 procedures

a low incidence of vascular access site bleeding complications suggests that the transradial access is a safe alternative to the transfemoral technique in patients with ami . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 3 incidence
2 low 3 incidence
3 incidence 4 of
3 incidence 10 suggests
4 of 9 complications
5 vascular 9 complications
6 access 7 site
7 site 8 bleeding
8 bleeding 9 complications
10 suggests 11 that
11 that 14 access
11 that 15 is
12 the 14 access
13 transradial 14 access
14 access 15 is
15 is 17 safe
16 a 17 safe
17 safe 18 alternative
17 safe 23 in
18 alternative 19 to
19 to 22 technique
20 the 22 technique
21 transfemoral 22 technique
23 in 24 patients
24 patients 25 with
25 with 26 ami

the safety [and] efficacy of transradial access for emergent percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ami has not been investigated in the people 's republic of china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 efficacy
2 safety 4 efficacy
4 efficacy 5 of
4 efficacy 8 for
4 efficacy 13 in
4 efficacy 17 has
5 of 7 access
6 transradial 7 access
8 for 12 intervention
9 emergent 12 intervention
10 percutaneous 12 intervention
11 coronary 12 intervention
13 in 14 patients
14 patients 15 with
15 with 16 ami
17 has 18 not
17 has 19 been
19 been 20 investigated
20 investigated 21 in
21 in 25 republic
22 the 23 people
23 people 24 's
24 's 25 republic
25 republic 26 of
26 of 27 china

methods : we analyzed data from our single - center registry on 596 consecutive patients between october 2003 and october 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analyzed
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 data
4 analyzed 6 from
4 analyzed 12 on
4 analyzed 16 between
6 from 11 registry
7 our 11 registry
8 single 9 -
8 single 10 center
10 center 11 registry
12 on 15 patients
13 596 15 patients
14 consecutive 15 patients
16 between 19 and
17 october 18 2003
17 october 19 and
19 and 20 october
20 october 21 2010

the patients [were] retrospectively divided into a transradial group ( n = 296 ) and a transfemoral group ( n = 300 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 5 divided
2 patients 15 and
4 retrospectively 5 divided
5 divided 6 into
6 into 9 group
7 a 8 transradial
7 a 9 group
8 transradial 9 group
9 group 12 =
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 296
12 = 14 )
15 and 18 group
15 and 21 =
16 a 17 transfemoral
16 a 18 group
17 transfemoral 18 group
19 ( 21 =
20 n 21 =
21 = 22 300
21 = 23 )

a dedicated doctor was appointed to collect the following data : puncture time , coronary angiography time , percutaneous coronary intervention time , x - ray exposure time , duration of hospitalization , and complication rates associated with puncture , such as puncture site bleeding , hematoma , pseudoaneurysm , and major adverse cardiac events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 doctor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 appointed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 a 3 doctor
2 dedicated 3 doctor
3 doctor 4 was
4 was 5 appointed
5 appointed 6 to
5 appointed 7 collect
6 to 7 collect
7 collect 10 data
8 the 9 following
8 the 10 data
11 : 13 time
12 puncture 13 time
13 time 17 time
13 time 24 x
14 , 17 time
15 coronary 16 angiography
16 angiography 17 time
17 time 22 time
17 time 23 ,
18 , 22 time
19 percutaneous 21 intervention
20 coronary 21 intervention
21 intervention 22 time
22 time 23 ,
24 x 25 -
25 - 34 and
26 ray 27 exposure
27 exposure 28 time
28 time 29 ,
29 , 30 duration
29 , 34 and
30 duration 31 of
31 of 32 hospitalization
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 complication
34 and 36 rates
34 and 38 with
34 and 39 puncture
36 rates 37 associated
37 associated 38 with
39 puncture 42 as
40 , 42 as
41 such 42 as
42 as 51 and
42 as 56 .
43 puncture 45 bleeding
44 site 45 bleeding
45 bleeding 46 ,
46 , 49 pseudoaneurysm
46 , 51 and
47 hematoma 48 ,
47 hematoma 49 pseudoaneurysm
50 , 51 and
51 and 55 events
52 major 55 events
53 adverse 55 events
54 cardiac 55 events

results : there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and angiographic findings between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
3 there 4 were
4 were 7 differences
5 no 7 differences
6 significant 7 differences
7 differences 8 in
7 differences 14 between
8 in 11 and
9 baseline 10 characteristics
10 characteristics 11 and
11 and 13 findings
12 angiographic 13 findings
14 between 17 groups
15 the 16 two
16 two 17 groups

there were also no significant differences in coronary angiography time ( 8.2 ± 2.4 versus 7.6 ± 2.0 minutes ) , percutaneous coronary intervention time ( 30 ± 6.8 versus 29.6 ± 8.1 minutes ) , or x - ray exposure time ( 4.6 ± 1.4 versus 4.4 ± 1.3 minutes ) between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 3 also
2 were 6 differences
2 were 7 in
4 no 6 differences
5 significant 6 differences
7 in 10 time
8 coronary 9 angiography
9 angiography 10 time
10 time 13 ±
10 time 25 time
11 ( 13 ±
12 8.2 13 ±
13 ± 14 2.4
13 ± 15 versus
13 ± 20 )
15 versus 19 minutes
16 7.6 19 minutes
17 ± 19 minutes
18 2.0 19 minutes
21 , 25 time
22 percutaneous 24 intervention
23 coronary 24 intervention
24 intervention 25 time
25 time 28 ±
25 time 35 )
26 ( 28 ±
27 30 28 ±
28 ± 29 6.8
28 ± 30 versus
28 ± 35 )
30 versus 34 minutes
31 29.6 34 minutes
32 ± 34 minutes
33 8.1 34 minutes
36 , 37 or
37 or 38 x
37 or 39 -
38 x 39 -
39 - 40 ray
40 ray 42 time
40 ray 53 between
41 exposure 42 time
42 time 44 4.6
43 ( 44 4.6
44 4.6 45 ±
44 4.6 51 minutes
44 4.6 52 )
45 ± 46 1.4
45 ± 47 versus
45 ± 51 minutes
47 versus 49 ±
48 4.4 49 ±
49 ± 50 1.3
53 between 55 groups
54 the 55 groups

there were significant differences in puncture time ( 4.4 ± 1.6 versus 2.4 ± 0.8 minutes ) and duration of hospitalization ( 3.2 ± 1.6 versus 5.4 ± 1.8 days ) between the groups ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 18 and
3 significant 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
4 differences 18 and
5 in 7 time
6 puncture 7 time
7 time 10 ±
8 ( 10 ±
9 4.4 10 ±
10 ± 11 1.6
10 ± 12 versus
10 ± 17 )
12 versus 16 minutes
13 2.4 16 minutes
14 ± 16 minutes
15 0.8 16 minutes
18 and 19 duration
18 and 20 of
18 and 32 between
20 of 21 hospitalization
21 hospitalization 24 ±
22 ( 24 ±
23 3.2 24 ±
24 ± 25 1.6
24 ± 26 versus
24 ± 31 )
26 versus 30 days
27 5.4 30 days
28 ± 30 days
29 1.8 30 days
32 between 34 groups
33 the 34 groups
34 groups 37 <
35 ( 37 <
36 p 37 <
37 < 38 0.001
37 < 39 )

the complication rate using transradial access was 2.03 % ( 6/296 [ )(versus 6.0 % ( 18/300 ) using transfemoral access ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 rate
2 complication 3 rate
3 rate 4 using
3 rate 7 was
4 using 6 access
5 transradial 6 access
7 was 9 %
8 2.03 9 %
9 % 11 6/296
10 ( 11 6/296
11 6/296 13 )(versus
11 6/296 19 using
11 6/296 26 )
13 )(versus 15 %
14 6.0 15 %
15 % 17 18/300
16 ( 17 18/300
17 18/300 18 )
19 using 21 access
20 transfemoral 21 access
21 access 24 <
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.0001

conclusion : transradial access for emergent percutaneous coronary intervention is safe and effective in patients with ami , and it is suggested that this route could be used more widely in these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 access
2 : 10 is
2 : 19 and
2 : 34 .
3 transradial 4 access
4 access 5 for
4 access 10 is
5 for 9 intervention
6 emergent 8 coronary
7 percutaneous 8 coronary
8 coronary 9 intervention
10 is 12 and
11 safe 12 and
12 and 13 effective
13 effective 14 in
13 effective 16 with
14 in 15 patients
16 with 17 ami
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 it
19 and 22 suggested
20 it 21 is
21 is 22 suggested
22 suggested 23 that
23 that 25 route
23 that 28 used
24 this 25 route
25 route 26 could
26 could 27 be
27 be 28 used
28 used 29 more
28 used 30 widely
28 used 31 in
31 in 33 patients
32 these 33 patients

background : dysfunction of the meibomian gland ( mg ) is among the most frequent causes of ophthalmological symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 dysfunction
2 : 11 is
2 : 20 .
3 dysfunction 4 of
3 dysfunction 11 is
4 of 7 gland
5 the 7 gland
6 meibomian 7 gland
7 gland 9 mg
8 ( 9 mg
9 mg 10 )
11 is 12 among
12 among 16 causes
13 the 14 most
14 most 16 causes
15 frequent 16 causes
16 causes 17 of
17 of 19 symptoms
18 ophthalmological 19 symptoms

the inflammation seen in meibomian gland dysfunction ( mgd ) is part of its pathogenesis , and evidence of the antioxidant - inflammatory properties of [omega] - 3 fatty acids suggests this to be an appropriate treatment for mgd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inflammation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 inflammation
2 inflammation 3 seen
2 inflammation 4 in
2 inflammation 11 is
4 in 7 dysfunction
5 meibomian 6 gland
6 gland 7 dysfunction
7 dysfunction 9 mgd
8 ( 9 mgd
9 mgd 10 )
11 is 15 pathogenesis
12 part 13 of
12 part 15 pathogenesis
13 of 15 pathogenesis
14 its 15 pathogenesis
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 evidence
17 and 31 suggests
18 evidence 19 of
18 evidence 25 of
18 evidence 31 suggests
19 of 24 properties
20 the 24 properties
21 antioxidant 22 -
21 antioxidant 24 properties
23 inflammatory 24 properties
25 of 30 acids
27 - 28 3
28 3 30 acids
29 fatty 30 acids
31 suggests 32 this
31 suggests 33 to
33 to 34 be
34 be 37 treatment
35 an 37 treatment
36 appropriate 37 treatment
37 treatment 38 for
38 for 39 mgd

objective : we aimed to assess the effectiveness of omega - 3 fatty acids [versus] [placebo] , in improving the symptoms and signs of mgd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 aimed
3 we 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 6 assess
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 22 and
7 the 8 effectiveness
8 effectiveness 9 of
8 effectiveness 18 in
8 effectiveness 22 and
9 of 10 omega
10 omega 14 acids
11 - 14 acids
12 3 14 acids
13 fatty 14 acids
14 acids 17 ,
18 in 19 improving
19 improving 21 symptoms
20 the 21 symptoms
22 and 23 signs
22 and 24 of
24 of 25 mgd

methods : we conducted a randomized [and] double - mask trial of 3 months duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 16 .
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 11 trial
5 a 11 trial
6 randomized 10 mask
8 double 9 -
8 double 10 mask
10 mask 11 trial
11 trial 12 of
12 of 15 duration
13 3 14 months
14 months 15 duration

we enrolled 61 patients who presented with symptomatic mgd and no tear instability ( defined as tear breakup time [ tbut ] < 10 seconds [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 enrolled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 )(
1 we 2 enrolled
2 enrolled 4 patients
3 61 4 patients
4 patients 5 who
4 patients 6 presented
5 who 6 presented
6 presented 7 with
6 presented 25 seconds
7 with 10 and
8 symptomatic 9 mgd
9 mgd 10 and
10 and 13 instability
10 and 15 defined
11 no 13 instability
12 tear 13 instability
14 ( 15 defined
15 defined 16 as
15 defined 22 ]
16 as 19 time
17 tear 19 time
18 breakup 19 time
19 time 21 tbut
20 [ 21 tbut
21 tbut 22 ]
23 < 24 10
24 10 25 seconds

participants were randomly assigned to two homogeneous subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 randomly
2 were 4 assigned
4 assigned 5 to
5 to 8 subgroups
6 two 8 subgroups
7 homogeneous 8 subgroups

for patients in group a , the study treatment included [cleaning] the lid margins with neutral baby shampoo and use of artificial tears without preservatives , plus a placebo oral agent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 included
1 for 2 patients
1 for 6 ,
1 for 9 treatment
2 patients 3 in
3 in 4 group
4 group 5 a
7 the 9 treatment
8 study 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 included
10 included 14 margins
10 included 15 with
12 the 14 margins
13 lid 14 margins
15 with 19 and
16 neutral 18 shampoo
17 baby 18 shampoo
18 shampoo 19 and
19 and 20 use
19 and 21 of
21 of 23 tears
22 artificial 23 tears
23 tears 24 without
23 tears 27 plus
24 without 25 preservatives
26 , 27 plus
27 plus 31 agent
27 plus 32 .
28 a 31 agent
29 placebo 30 oral
30 oral 31 agent

[for] patients in group b , the study treatment included cleaning the lid margins with neutral baby shampoo and use of artificial tears without preservatives , plus oral supplementation with omega - 3 fatty acids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 patients 3 in
2 patients 6 ,
3 in 4 group
4 group 5 b
6 , 9 treatment
6 , 19 and
7 the 9 treatment
8 study 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 included
9 treatment 11 cleaning
11 cleaning 14 margins
11 cleaning 15 with
12 the 14 margins
13 lid 14 margins
15 with 18 shampoo
16 neutral 18 shampoo
17 baby 18 shampoo
19 and 20 use
19 and 21 of
19 and 29 supplementation
21 of 23 tears
22 artificial 23 tears
23 tears 24 without
24 without 25 preservatives
26 , 29 supplementation
27 plus 28 oral
28 oral 29 supplementation
29 supplementation 30 with
29 supplementation 32 -
30 with 31 omega
32 - 35 acids
33 3 35 acids
34 fatty 35 acids

results : after 3 months of evaluation [,] the mean osdi , tbut , lid margin inflammation , and mg expression presented improvement from the baseline values , in group b ( p < 0.01 , p < 0.001 , p < 0.0001 , p < 0.0001 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
2 : 5 months
2 : 22 presented
2 : 28 ,
2 : 40 ,
3 after 4 3
3 after 5 months
5 months 6 of
5 months 22 presented
6 of 21 expression
7 evaluation 21 expression
9 the 11 osdi
10 mean 11 osdi
11 osdi 12 ,
12 , 13 tbut
12 , 19 and
13 tbut 17 inflammation
14 , 17 inflammation
15 lid 16 margin
16 margin 17 inflammation
17 inflammation 18 ,
19 and 20 mg
19 and 21 expression
22 presented 23 improvement
23 improvement 24 from
24 from 27 values
25 the 27 values
26 baseline 27 values
28 , 37 p
28 , 38 <
29 in 30 group
29 in 36 ,
29 in 37 p
30 group 31 b
30 group 34 <
32 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.01
37 p 38 <
38 < 39 0.001
40 , 41 p
40 , 42 <
40 , 44 ,
41 p 42 <
42 < 43 0.0001
44 , 45 p
44 , 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 47 0.0001
46 < 49 respectively
48 , 49 respectively
49 respectively 50 )

the schirmer test results were also improved [and] statistically significant ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 results
2 schirmer 4 results
3 test 4 results
4 results 5 were
5 were 6 also
5 were 7 improved
7 improved 10 significant
9 statistically 10 significant
10 significant 13 <
11 ( 13 <
12 p 13 <
13 < 14 0.01
13 < 15 )

conclusion : oral omega - 3 fatty acids , 1.5 grams per day , may be beneficial in the treatment of mgd , mainly by improving tear stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
2 : 16 be
3 oral 4 omega
4 omega 8 acids
4 omega 11 grams
4 omega 15 may
5 - 8 acids
6 3 8 acids
7 fatty 8 acids
8 acids 9 ,
9 , 11 grams
10 1.5 11 grams
11 grams 12 per
11 grams 14 ,
12 per 13 day
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 beneficial
17 beneficial 18 in
17 beneficial 25 by
18 in 20 treatment
19 the 20 treatment
20 treatment 21 of
21 of 22 mgd
23 , 24 mainly
23 , 25 by
25 by 28 stability
25 by 29 .
26 improving 27 tear
27 tear 28 stability

this study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties of aged human anterior mitral leaflets ( aml ) and posterior mitral leaflets ( pml ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 characterize
4 to 5 characterize
5 characterize 18 and
6 the 18 and
7 mechanical 8 properties
8 properties 9 of
8 properties 18 and
9 of 14 leaflets
10 aged 14 leaflets
11 human 14 leaflets
12 anterior 14 leaflets
13 mitral 14 leaflets
14 leaflets 16 aml
15 ( 16 aml
16 aml 17 )
18 and 21 leaflets
18 and 23 pml
19 posterior 21 leaflets
20 mitral 21 leaflets
22 ( 23 pml
23 pml 24 )

the aml and pml samples [from] explanted human hearts ( n = 21 , mean age of 82.62 ± 8.77 - years [-] old ) were subjected to planar biaxial mechanical tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 explanted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 5 samples
2 aml 3 and
3 and 4 pml
3 and 5 samples
5 samples 7 explanted
7 explanted 9 hearts
7 explanted 12 =
8 human 9 hearts
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 21
14 , 15 mean
15 mean 16 age
15 mean 27 subjected
16 age 17 of
16 age 24 old
16 age 26 were
17 of 19 ±
18 82.62 19 ±
19 ± 20 8.77
21 - 24 old
22 years 24 old
24 old 25 )
26 were 27 subjected
27 subjected 28 to
28 to 32 tests
29 planar 32 tests
30 biaxial 32 tests
31 mechanical 32 tests

the material stiffness , extensibility , and degree of anisotropy of the leaflet samples were quantified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 stiffness
2 material 3 stiffness
3 stiffness 4 ,
4 , 5 extensibility
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 degree
7 and 9 of
7 and 15 were
9 of 10 anisotropy
10 anisotropy 11 of
11 of 14 samples
12 the 14 samples
13 leaflet 14 samples
15 were 16 quantified

the microstructure of the samples was assessed through histology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 microstructure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 microstructure
2 microstructure 3 of
2 microstructure 6 was
3 of 5 samples
4 the 5 samples
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 through
8 through 9 histology

both the aml and pml samples exhibited a nonlinear and anisotropic behavior with the circumferential direction being stiffer than the radial direction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 both 2 the
1 both 6 samples
1 both 7 exhibited
2 the 6 samples
3 aml 4 and
4 and 5 pml
5 pml 6 samples
7 exhibited 12 behavior
8 a 12 behavior
9 nonlinear 10 and
10 and 11 anisotropic
10 and 12 behavior
12 behavior 13 with
12 behavior 17 being
13 with 16 direction
14 the 16 direction
15 circumferential 16 direction
17 being 18 stiffer
18 stiffer 19 than
19 than 22 direction
20 the 22 direction
21 radial 22 direction

the aml samples were significantly stiffer than the pml samples in both directions , suggesting that they should be modeled with separate sets of material properties in computational studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 samples
2 aml 3 samples
3 samples 4 were
4 were 5 significantly
4 were 6 stiffer
6 stiffer 7 than
7 than 10 samples
7 than 11 in
8 the 10 samples
9 pml 10 samples
11 in 13 directions
12 both 13 directions
14 , 15 suggesting
14 , 20 modeled
15 suggesting 16 that
15 suggesting 19 be
16 that 17 they
16 that 18 should
17 they 18 should
19 be 20 modeled
20 modeled 21 with
20 modeled 27 in
21 with 23 sets
22 separate 23 sets
23 sets 24 of
24 of 26 properties
25 material 26 properties
27 in 29 studies
28 computational 29 studies

histological analysis indicated the changes in the tissue elastic constituents , including [the] fragmented and disorganized elastin network , the presence of fibrosis and proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan infiltration and calcification , suggesting possible valvular degenerative characteristics in the aged human leaflet samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 histological 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 indicated
3 indicated 5 changes
3 indicated 6 in
4 the 5 changes
6 in 10 constituents
7 the 10 constituents
8 tissue 10 constituents
9 elastic 10 constituents
11 , 12 including
12 including 15 and
14 fragmented 15 and
15 and 16 disorganized
16 disorganized 18 network
17 elastin 18 network
18 network 27 and
18 network 30 suggesting
19 , 27 and
20 the 21 presence
21 presence 22 of
21 presence 24 and
22 of 23 fibrosis
24 and 26 infiltration
24 and 27 and
25 proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan 26 infiltration
27 and 28 calcification
27 and 29 ,
29 , 30 suggesting
30 suggesting 34 characteristics
30 suggesting 35 in
30 suggesting 41 .
31 possible 34 characteristics
32 valvular 34 characteristics
33 degenerative 34 characteristics
35 in 40 samples
36 the 40 samples
37 aged 38 human
38 human 40 samples
39 leaflet 40 samples

overall , stiffness increased and areal strain decreased with calcification severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 5 and
3 stiffness 4 increased
3 stiffness 5 and
5 and 7 strain
5 and 8 decreased
6 areal 7 strain
8 decreased 9 with
9 with 11 severity
10 calcification 11 severity

in addition , leaflet tissues from hypertensive individuals also exhibited a higher stiffness and low areal strain than normotensive individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tissues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 tissues
4 leaflet 5 tissues
5 tissues 6 from
5 tissues 10 exhibited
6 from 8 individuals
7 hypertensive 8 individuals
9 also 10 exhibited
10 exhibited 17 strain
10 exhibited 18 than
11 a 17 strain
12 higher 13 stiffness
13 stiffness 14 and
14 and 15 low
14 and 17 strain
16 areal 17 strain
18 than 20 individuals
19 normotensive 20 individuals

there are significant differences in the mechanical properties of the two human mitral valve leaflets from this advanced age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 differences
2 are 16 from
3 significant 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
4 differences 9 of
5 in 8 properties
6 the 8 properties
7 mechanical 8 properties
9 of 15 leaflets
10 the 11 two
11 two 15 leaflets
12 human 14 valve
13 mitral 14 valve
14 valve 15 leaflets
16 from 20 group
17 this 20 group
18 advanced 19 age
19 age 20 group

the morphologic changes in the tissue composition and structure also infer the structural and functional difference between aged human valves and those of animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 infer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 changes
2 morphologic 3 changes
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 11 infer
4 in 8 and
5 the 7 composition
6 tissue 7 composition
7 composition 8 and
8 and 9 structure
10 also 11 infer
11 infer 16 difference
11 infer 17 between
12 the 16 difference
13 structural 14 and
14 and 15 functional
14 and 16 difference
17 between 21 and
18 aged 20 valves
19 human 20 valves
20 valves 21 and
21 and 22 those
21 and 23 of
23 of 24 animals

background : little is known about the impact of pain on physical functioning among the oldest - old subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 little
2 : 5 known
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 11 on
5 known 14 among
6 about 8 impact
7 the 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
9 of 10 pain
11 on 13 functioning
12 physical 13 functioning
14 among 19 subjects
15 the 16 oldest
15 the 19 subjects
16 oldest 17 -
18 old 19 subjects

in this study , we first examined the associations between the number of painful sites and measures of physical functioning reflecting different stages of the disablement process ( physical impairment , functional limitation and disability ) among nonagenarians ( more than ninety years old persons ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 first
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 first
6 first 7 examined
7 examined 9 associations
7 examined 10 between
8 the 9 associations
10 between 16 and
11 the 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 16 and
13 of 15 sites
14 painful 15 sites
16 and 17 measures
16 and 18 of
16 and 30 impairment
18 of 20 functioning
19 physical 20 functioning
20 functioning 21 reflecting
20 functioning 24 of
21 reflecting 23 stages
22 different 23 stages
24 of 27 process
25 the 27 process
26 disablement 27 process
28 ( 30 impairment
29 physical 30 impairment
30 impairment 31 ,
31 , 34 and
32 functional 33 limitation
33 limitation 34 and
34 and 35 disability
34 and 36 )
34 and 37 among
34 and 45 persons
37 among 38 nonagenarians
39 ( 45 persons
40 more 41 than
41 than 42 ninety
42 ninety 43 years
43 years 45 persons
44 old 45 persons
45 persons 46 )

second , we described the effect of painful sites on disability during a 2 [-] year [follow] - up period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 3 we
3 we 4 described
4 described 6 effect
4 described 10 on
4 described 12 during
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 9 sites
8 painful 9 sites
10 on 11 disability
12 during 16 year
13 a 16 year
14 2 16 year
18 - 19 up
19 up 20 period

methods : this study is based on baseline ( n = 1177 ) and 2 - [year] follow - up ( n = 709 ) data of the nationwide danish 1905 cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 based
2 : 14 and
2 : 19 -
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 is
5 is 6 based
6 based 7 on
7 on 8 baseline
8 baseline 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 1177
11 = 13 )
14 and 15 2
14 and 16 -
15 2 16 -
16 - 18 follow
19 - 26 data
19 - 33 study
19 - 34 .
20 up 23 =
20 up 26 data
21 ( 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 709
23 = 25 )
26 data 27 of
26 data 33 study
27 of 32 cohort
28 the 32 cohort
29 nationwide 30 danish
30 danish 32 cohort
31 1905 32 cohort

musculoskeletal pain was assessed as reported pain in back , hips or knees when moving or resting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 musculoskeletal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 musculoskeletal 2 pain
1 musculoskeletal 3 was
1 musculoskeletal 4 assessed
2 pain 3 was
4 assessed 5 as
4 assessed 14 when
4 assessed 16 or
5 as 12 or
6 reported 7 pain
7 pain 9 back
7 pain 10 ,
8 in 9 back
10 , 11 hips
10 , 12 or
12 or 13 knees
15 moving 16 or
16 or 17 resting

physical performance measures included maximum grip strength and habitual walking speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 grip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 physical 2 performance
2 performance 3 measures
3 measures 4 included
3 measures 6 grip
4 included 5 maximum
6 grip 8 and
7 strength 8 and
8 and 9 habitual
8 and 10 walking
10 walking 11 speed

disability in performing activities of daily living was defined as the need [for] assistive device or personal help in transferring , dressing , washing , using [toilet] [and/or] walking indoors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 disability 2 in
1 disability 5 of
1 disability 8 was
2 in 3 performing
3 performing 4 activities
5 of 7 living
6 daily 7 living
8 was 9 defined
9 defined 10 as
10 as 26 using
11 the 15 device
12 need 15 device
14 assistive 15 device
15 device 16 or
16 or 18 help
16 or 24 washing
16 or 26 using
17 personal 18 help
18 help 19 in
19 in 20 transferring
20 transferring 22 dressing
21 , 22 dressing
22 dressing 23 ,
23 , 24 washing
24 washing 25 ,
26 using 29 walking
29 walking 30 indoors

results : at baseline , the number of painful sites was significantly associated with measured grip strength and walking speed as well as self [-] reported disability in a stepwise manner ; [the] more sites with pain [,] the poorer [the] physical functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 7 number
2 : 13 associated
2 : 32 ;
3 at 4 baseline
3 at 5 ,
3 at 7 number
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 11 was
8 of 10 sites
9 painful 10 sites
11 was 13 associated
12 significantly 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 23 as
14 with 18 and
15 measured 17 strength
15 measured 18 and
16 grip 17 strength
18 and 19 walking
18 and 20 speed
21 as 22 well
22 well 23 as
23 as 27 disability
24 self 26 reported
26 reported 27 disability
27 disability 28 in
28 in 31 manner
29 a 31 manner
30 stepwise 31 manner
32 ; 34 more
32 ; 35 sites
34 more 35 sites
35 sites 36 with
35 sites 43 functioning
36 with 37 pain
39 the 43 functioning
40 poorer 43 functioning
42 physical 43 functioning

conclusions : the findings of this study suggest that musculoskeletal pain in nonagenarians is highly prevalent and is associated with poor physical performance and disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 8 suggest
2 : 26 .
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 of
4 findings 8 suggest
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 suggest 9 that
9 that 11 pain
9 that 17 and
10 musculoskeletal 11 pain
11 pain 12 in
11 pain 17 and
12 in 13 nonagenarians
14 is 16 prevalent
14 is 17 and
15 highly 16 prevalent
17 and 18 is
18 is 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 24 and
21 poor 23 performance
22 physical 23 performance
23 performance 24 and
24 and 25 disability

previous studies have shown that hippocampal volume is an early marker for dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 7 volume
5 that 8 is
6 hippocampal 7 volume
7 volume 8 is
8 is 11 marker
9 an 10 early
9 an 11 marker
10 early 11 marker
11 marker 12 for
12 for 13 dementia

we investigated whether hippocampal shape characteristics extracted from mri [scans] are predictive for the development of dementia during [follow] up in subjects who were nondemented at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 5 shape
3 whether 25 nondemented
4 hippocampal 5 shape
5 shape 6 characteristics
5 shape 18 during
5 shape 20 up
5 shape 25 nondemented
6 characteristics 7 extracted
6 characteristics 11 are
7 extracted 8 from
8 from 9 mri
11 are 12 predictive
12 predictive 13 for
12 predictive 18 during
13 for 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 17 dementia
20 up 21 in
21 in 22 subjects
22 subjects 23 who
22 subjects 24 were
23 who 24 were
25 nondemented 26 at
26 at 27 baseline

furthermore , we assessed whether hippocampal shape provides additional predictive value [independent] of hippocampal volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 whether
5 whether 7 shape
5 whether 8 provides
6 hippocampal 7 shape
7 shape 8 provides
8 provides 11 value
9 additional 11 value
10 predictive 11 value
11 value 13 of
13 of 15 volume
14 hippocampal 15 volume

five hundred eleven brain mri scans from elderly nondemented participants of a prospective population - based imaging study were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mri
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 scans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 five 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 eleven
3 eleven 5 mri
4 brain 5 mri
5 mri 6 scans
6 scans 7 from
7 from 10 participants
8 elderly 10 participants
9 nondemented 10 participants
10 participants 11 of
11 of 14 population
12 a 13 prospective
12 a 14 population
13 prospective 14 population
15 - 16 based
15 - 19 were
15 - 21 .
16 based 19 were
17 imaging 18 study
17 imaging 19 were
19 were 20 used

during the 10 - [year] follow - up period , 52 of these subjects developed dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 during 3 10
1 during 4 -
1 during 6 follow
2 the 3 10
6 follow 8 up
7 - 8 up
8 up 9 period
8 up 10 ,
10 , 11 52
10 , 15 developed
11 52 12 of
11 52 15 developed
12 of 14 subjects
13 these 14 subjects
15 developed 16 dementia

for training and evaluation independent of age and gender , a subset of 50 cases and 150 matched controls was selected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 for 8 and
1 for 10 ,
1 for 12 subset
2 training 3 and
3 and 5 independent
3 and 6 of
3 and 8 and
4 evaluation 5 independent
6 of 7 age
8 and 9 gender
11 a 12 subset
12 subset 13 of
12 subset 20 was
13 of 16 and
14 50 15 cases
15 cases 16 and
16 and 19 controls
17 150 19 controls
18 matched 19 controls
20 was 21 selected

the hippocampus was segmented using an automated method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hippocampus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 segmented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 hippocampus
2 hippocampus 3 was
3 was 4 segmented
4 segmented 5 using
5 using 8 method
6 an 8 method
7 automated 8 method

from the segmentation , the volume was determined and a statistical shape model was constructed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 from 3 segmentation
1 from 4 ,
1 from 6 volume
2 the 3 segmentation
5 the 6 volume
6 volume 7 was
7 was 8 determined
9 and 13 model
9 and 15 constructed
10 a 11 statistical
10 a 13 model
11 statistical 12 shape
12 shape 13 model
13 model 14 was
14 was 15 constructed

we trained a classifier to distinguish between subjects who developed dementia and subjects who stayed cognitively healthy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 trained
2 trained 4 classifier
2 trained 5 to
2 trained 6 distinguish
3 a 4 classifier
5 to 6 distinguish
6 distinguish 7 between
7 between 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 who
8 subjects 10 developed
9 who 10 developed
10 developed 12 and
11 dementia 12 and
12 and 13 subjects
12 and 14 who
12 and 15 stayed
14 who 15 stayed
15 stayed 16 cognitively
15 stayed 17 healthy

for all subjects the a posteriori probability to [develop] dementia was estimated using the classifier in a cross - validation experiment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 probability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 for 3 subjects
1 for 7 probability
2 all 3 subjects
4 the 7 probability
5 a 6 posteriori
6 posteriori 7 probability
7 probability 8 to
7 probability 11 was
8 to 10 dementia
11 was 12 estimated
12 estimated 13 using
13 using 15 classifier
13 using 16 in
14 the 15 classifier
16 in 18 cross
17 a 18 cross
19 - 21 experiment
20 validation 21 experiment

the area under the roc curve for volume , shape , and the combination of both were , respectively , 0.724 , 0.743 , [and] 0.766 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 area
2 area 3 under
2 area 9 ,
3 under 6 curve
4 the 6 curve
5 roc 6 curve
6 curve 7 for
7 for 8 volume
9 , 10 shape
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 combination
12 and 15 of
12 and 17 were
13 the 14 combination
15 of 16 both
17 were 19 respectively
17 were 21 0.724
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 ,
22 , 23 0.743
22 , 24 ,
24 , 26 0.766

a logistic regression model showed that adding shape to a model using volume corrected for age and gender increased the global model - fit significantly ( p = 0.0063 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 2 logistic
1 a 4 model
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 model
4 model 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 7 adding
6 that 14 corrected
7 adding 8 shape
7 adding 9 to
7 adding 12 using
7 adding 14 corrected
9 to 11 model
10 a 11 model
12 using 13 volume
14 corrected 15 for
15 for 16 age
17 and 18 gender
17 and 19 increased
18 gender 19 increased
19 increased 22 model
19 increased 24 fit
20 the 22 model
21 global 22 model
23 - 24 fit
24 fit 25 significantly
24 fit 28 =
24 fit 30 )
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.0063
28 = 30 )

we conclude that hippocampal shape derived from mri [scans] is predictive for dementia before clinical symptoms arise , independent of age and gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 5 shape
3 that 10 is
4 hippocampal 5 shape
5 shape 6 derived
5 shape 10 is
6 derived 7 from
7 from 8 mri
10 is 11 predictive
11 predictive 12 for
11 predictive 14 before
12 for 13 dementia
14 before 16 symptoms
14 before 17 arise
15 clinical 16 symptoms
16 symptoms 17 arise
18 , 22 and
19 independent 20 of
19 independent 22 and
20 of 21 age
22 and 23 gender

furthermore , the results suggest that hippocampal shape provides additional predictive value over hippocampal volume and that combining shape and volume leads to better prediction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 better
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 shape
5 suggest 9 provides
6 that 7 hippocampal
7 hippocampal 8 shape
8 shape 9 provides
9 provides 12 value
9 provides 13 over
10 additional 12 value
11 predictive 12 value
13 over 16 and
14 hippocampal 15 volume
15 volume 16 and
16 and 19 shape
17 that 18 combining
18 combining 19 shape
20 and 21 volume
20 and 22 leads
21 volume 22 leads
22 leads 23 to
23 to 24 better
24 better 25 prediction

background : cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with increased frontal and parietal activation during executive function tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 cardiorespiratory
2 : 8 increased
3 cardiorespiratory 4 fitness
3 cardiorespiratory 7 with
3 cardiorespiratory 8 increased
4 fitness 5 is
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
8 increased 12 activation
8 increased 13 during
9 frontal 10 and
10 and 11 parietal
10 and 12 activation
13 during 16 tasks
14 executive 15 function
15 function 16 tasks

while these findings suggest fitness - related enhancement [of] neuronal response , the utility of functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) may be limited by potential fitness - related differences in global vascular reactivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 while 3 findings
1 while 4 suggest
2 these 3 findings
4 suggest 5 fitness
6 - 11 response
6 - 12 ,
7 related 8 enhancement
8 enhancement 11 response
10 neuronal 11 response
12 , 14 utility
12 , 24 be
12 , 29 -
13 the 14 utility
14 utility 15 of
14 utility 21 fmri
14 utility 23 may
15 of 19 imaging
16 functional 18 resonance
17 magnetic 18 resonance
18 resonance 19 imaging
20 ( 21 fmri
21 fmri 22 )
23 may 24 be
24 be 25 limited
25 limited 26 by
26 by 28 fitness
27 potential 28 fitness
29 - 31 differences
30 related 31 differences
31 differences 32 in
32 in 35 reactivity
33 global 35 reactivity
34 vascular 35 reactivity

the aim of this study was to determine if highly fit adults display differential activation during working memory after calibration for vascular reactivity relative to their sedentary counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determine
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 if
8 determine 16 during
8 determine 29 .
9 if 12 adults
9 if 13 display
10 highly 11 fit
11 fit 12 adults
12 adults 13 display
13 display 15 activation
14 differential 15 activation
16 during 18 memory
17 working 18 memory
18 memory 19 after
19 after 20 calibration
20 calibration 21 for
21 for 23 reactivity
22 vascular 23 reactivity
23 reactivity 24 relative
24 relative 25 to
25 to 28 counterparts
26 their 28 counterparts
27 sedentary 28 counterparts

methods : thirty - two endurance - trained [and] 24 sedentary adults , aged 40 - 65 years , completed a 2 [-] back verbal working memory task and a breath - hold [challenge] during fmri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 thirty
2 : 8 trained
2 : 13 ,
2 : 32 -
3 thirty 6 endurance
3 thirty 8 trained
4 - 6 endurance
5 two 6 endurance
6 endurance 7 -
8 trained 12 adults
10 24 12 adults
11 sedentary 12 adults
13 , 19 ,
14 aged 16 -
14 aged 18 years
14 aged 19 ,
15 40 16 -
16 - 17 65
19 , 20 completed
20 completed 29 and
21 a 28 task
22 2 24 back
24 back 28 task
25 verbal 28 task
26 working 28 task
27 memory 28 task
28 task 29 and
29 and 31 breath
29 and 32 -
30 a 31 breath
32 - 33 hold
33 hold 35 during
35 during 36 fmri

group differences in blood oxygen level - dependent ( bold ) response [during] working memory were examined across the whole brain and in a priori regions of interest ( roi ) before and after breath - hold calibration using [non] - parametric permutation testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 group 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 16 were
3 in 15 memory
4 blood 14 working
5 oxygen 14 working
6 level 7 -
6 level 12 response
8 dependent 10 bold
8 dependent 12 response
9 ( 10 bold
10 bold 11 )
12 response 14 working
14 working 15 memory
16 were 17 examined
17 examined 22 and
17 examined 33 and
18 across 21 brain
18 across 22 and
19 the 21 brain
20 whole 21 brain
22 and 23 in
23 in 26 regions
24 a 25 priori
25 priori 26 regions
26 regions 27 of
26 regions 30 roi
27 of 28 interest
29 ( 30 roi
30 roi 31 )
32 before 33 and
33 and 34 after
34 after 35 breath
36 - 39 using
36 - 41 -
37 hold 39 using
38 calibration 39 using
41 - 44 testing
42 parametric 44 testing
43 permutation 44 testing

multiple regression was used to explore the association between cardiorespiratory fitness ( vo2 [max] ) , age , and calibrated 2 - back - related activation within the one a priori roi with significant group effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 multiple 2 regression
2 regression 3 was
3 was 16 ,
4 used 5 to
4 used 8 association
4 used 9 between
4 used 16 ,
5 to 6 explore
7 the 8 association
9 between 11 fitness
10 cardiorespiratory 11 fitness
11 fitness 13 vo2
12 ( 13 vo2
13 vo2 15 )
16 , 19 and
17 age 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 calibrated
20 calibrated 21 2
22 - 23 back
22 - 24 -
24 - 26 activation
25 related 26 activation
26 activation 27 within
27 within 32 roi
28 the 29 one
29 one 32 roi
30 a 31 priori
31 priori 32 roi
32 roi 33 with
33 with 36 effects
34 significant 35 group
35 group 36 effects

results : in comparison to the endurance - trained group , the sedentary group exhibited greater bold signal changes in response to the breath - hold task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 comparison
4 comparison 5 to
5 to 7 endurance
6 the 7 endurance
8 - 10 group
8 - 11 ,
8 - 25 -
9 trained 10 group
11 , 17 bold
11 , 18 signal
12 the 17 bold
13 sedentary 14 group
14 group 15 exhibited
15 exhibited 17 bold
16 greater 17 bold
17 bold 18 signal
18 signal 19 changes
18 signal 22 to
20 in 21 response
21 response 22 to
22 to 24 breath
23 the 24 breath
25 - 27 task
26 hold 27 task

after , [but] not before calibration , the endurance - trained group displayed significantly higher [2] - back - related activation in the right middle frontal gyrus ( p = 0.049 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 middle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 after 9 endurance
1 after 20 related
1 after 25 middle
2 , 4 not
2 , 5 before
5 before 6 calibration
5 before 7 ,
5 before 9 endurance
8 the 9 endurance
9 endurance 18 back
9 endurance 20 related
10 - 18 back
11 trained 12 group
12 group 18 back
13 displayed 18 back
14 significantly 15 higher
15 higher 17 -
15 higher 18 back
18 back 19 -
20 related 21 activation
20 related 22 in
22 in 24 right
23 the 24 right
25 middle 27 gyrus
26 frontal 27 gyrus
27 gyrus 30 =
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.049
30 = 32 )

older age predicted lower 2 - back - related activation [(] ß = - 0.308 , p = 0.031 ) , whereas fitness predicted higher activation ( [ß] = 0.372 , p = 0.021 ) in this region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 older 2 age
2 age 3 predicted
3 predicted 4 lower
3 predicted 5 2
3 predicted 13 =
5 2 7 back
5 2 9 related
6 - 7 back
7 back 8 -
9 related 10 activation
12 ß 13 =
13 = 15 0.308
13 = 22 whereas
14 - 15 0.308
15 0.308 18 =
16 , 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.031
18 = 20 )
21 , 22 whereas
22 whereas 23 fitness
23 fitness 24 predicted
24 predicted 26 activation
24 predicted 33 =
24 predicted 36 in
25 higher 26 activation
26 activation 30 0.372
27 ( 30 0.372
29 = 30 0.372
30 0.372 31 ,
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.021
33 = 35 )
36 in 38 region
37 this 38 region

conclusions : breath - hold calibration increased detection of working memory - related bold response differences between sedentary and endurance - trained adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 breath
3 breath 8 detection
4 - 8 detection
5 hold 6 calibration
6 calibration 7 increased
7 increased 8 detection
8 detection 9 of
8 detection 12 -
9 of 10 working
10 working 11 memory
12 - 13 related
13 related 16 differences
13 related 17 between
14 bold 16 differences
15 response 16 differences
17 between 19 and
18 sedentary 19 and
19 and 20 endurance
21 - 23 adults
22 trained 23 adults

moreover , cardiorespiratory fitness appeared to mitigate age - related changes in bold during working memory in this region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fitness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 fitness
3 cardiorespiratory 4 fitness
4 fitness 5 appeared
5 appeared 6 to
5 appeared 7 mitigate
6 to 7 mitigate
7 mitigate 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 changes
10 related 12 in
10 related 14 during
10 related 20 .
12 in 13 bold
14 during 16 memory
15 working 16 memory
16 memory 17 in
17 in 19 region
18 this 19 region

as indicated by several recent studies , magnetic susceptibility of the brain is influenced mainly by myelin in the white matter and by iron deposits in the deep nuclei . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 susceptibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 as 2 indicated
1 as 9 susceptibility
3 by 6 studies
3 by 7 ,
3 by 9 susceptibility
4 several 6 studies
5 recent 6 studies
8 magnetic 9 susceptibility
9 susceptibility 10 of
9 susceptibility 13 is
10 of 12 brain
11 the 12 brain
13 is 14 influenced
14 influenced 15 mainly
14 influenced 26 in
15 mainly 16 by
16 by 17 myelin
17 myelin 22 and
18 in 21 matter
18 in 22 and
19 the 21 matter
20 white 21 matter
22 and 23 by
23 by 25 deposits
24 iron 25 deposits
26 in 29 nuclei
27 the 29 nuclei
28 deep 29 nuclei

myelination and iron deposition in the brain evolve both spatially [and] temporally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evolve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 myelination 2 and
2 and 4 deposition
2 and 5 in
2 and 8 evolve
3 iron 4 deposition
5 in 7 brain
6 the 7 brain
8 evolve 9 both
8 evolve 10 spatially
8 evolve 12 temporally

this evolution reflects an important characteristic of normal brain development and ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reflects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 evolution
2 evolution 3 reflects
3 reflects 6 characteristic
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 characteristic
5 important 6 characteristic
6 characteristic 7 of
7 of 11 and
8 normal 9 brain
9 brain 10 development
10 development 11 and
11 and 12 ageing

in this study , we assessed the changes of regional susceptibility in the human brain in vivo by examining the developmental and ageing process from 1 to 83 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 assessed
6 assessed 8 changes
6 assessed 12 in
6 assessed 17 vivo
6 assessed 18 by
7 the 8 changes
8 changes 9 of
9 of 11 susceptibility
10 regional 11 susceptibility
12 in 15 brain
13 the 15 brain
14 human 15 brain
16 in 17 vivo
18 by 19 examining
19 examining 22 and
19 examining 24 process
20 the 21 developmental
21 developmental 22 and
22 and 23 ageing
22 and 24 process
24 process 29 years
25 from 27 to
26 1 27 to
27 to 28 83
27 to 29 years
29 years 30 of
30 of 31 age

the evolution of magnetic susceptibility over this lifespan was found to display differential trajectories between the gray and the white matter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 evolution
2 evolution 3 of
2 evolution 6 over
2 evolution 9 was
3 of 5 susceptibility
4 magnetic 5 susceptibility
6 over 8 lifespan
7 this 8 lifespan
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 to
11 to 12 display
12 display 14 trajectories
12 display 15 between
13 differential 14 trajectories
15 between 18 and
16 the 17 gray
17 gray 18 and
18 and 21 matter
19 the 21 matter
20 white 21 matter

in both cortical and subcortical white matter , an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase in magnetic susceptibility was observed , which could be fitted by a poisson curve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 matter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 both
1 in 4 and
3 cortical 4 and
4 and 6 white
4 and 7 matter
5 subcortical 6 white
8 , 21 observed
9 an 11 decrease
10 initial 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 followed
11 decrease 16 increase
11 decrease 20 was
11 decrease 21 observed
12 followed 13 by
14 a 15 subsequent
14 a 16 increase
15 subsequent 16 increase
16 increase 17 in
16 increase 20 was
17 in 19 susceptibility
18 magnetic 19 susceptibility
22 , 23 which
22 , 26 fitted
23 which 24 could
24 could 25 be
25 be 26 fitted
26 fitted 27 by
27 by 30 curve
28 a 30 curve
29 poisson 30 curve

in the gray matter , including the cortical gray matter and the iron - rich deep nuclei , magnetic susceptibility displayed a monotonic increase that can be described by an exponential growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 susceptibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 4 matter
1 in 20 susceptibility
2 the 4 matter
3 gray 4 matter
5 , 6 including
6 including 11 and
6 including 18 ,
6 including 20 susceptibility
7 the 9 gray
8 cortical 9 gray
9 gray 10 matter
10 matter 11 and
11 and 13 iron
11 and 17 nuclei
12 the 13 iron
14 - 17 nuclei
15 rich 17 nuclei
16 deep 17 nuclei
17 nuclei 18 ,
19 magnetic 20 susceptibility
20 susceptibility 21 displayed
21 displayed 24 increase
21 displayed 29 by
22 a 24 increase
23 monotonic 24 increase
24 increase 25 that
24 increase 26 can
25 that 26 can
26 can 27 be
27 be 28 described
29 by 32 growth
30 an 32 growth
31 exponential 32 growth

the rate of change varied according to functional and anatomical regions of the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 of
2 rate 5 varied
3 of 4 change
5 varied 7 to
6 according 7 to
7 to 11 regions
8 functional 9 and
9 and 10 anatomical
9 and 11 regions
11 regions 12 of
12 of 14 brain
13 the 14 brain

for the brain nuclei , the age - related changes of susceptibility were in good agreement with the findings from r2* measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nuclei
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 3 brain
1 for 4 nuclei
2 the 3 brain
4 nuclei 7 age
4 nuclei 13 were
5 , 7 age
6 the 7 age
7 age 8 -
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 changes
9 related 13 were
10 changes 11 of
11 of 12 susceptibility
13 were 14 in
13 were 17 with
14 in 16 agreement
15 good 16 agreement
17 with 19 findings
18 the 19 findings
19 findings 20 from
20 from 22 measurement
21 r2* 22 measurement

our results suggest that magnetic susceptibility may provide valuable information regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of brain myelination and iron deposition during brain maturation and ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 20 and
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 20 and
4 that 6 susceptibility
4 that 8 provide
5 magnetic 6 susceptibility
6 susceptibility 7 may
7 may 8 provide
8 provide 10 information
9 valuable 10 information
10 information 11 regarding
10 information 17 of
11 regarding 16 patterns
12 the 16 patterns
13 spatial 14 and
14 and 15 temporal
14 and 16 patterns
17 of 19 myelination
18 brain 19 myelination
20 and 21 iron
20 and 23 during
21 iron 22 deposition
23 during 26 and
24 brain 25 maturation
25 maturation 26 and
26 and 27 ageing

objective : we examined the diagnostic accuracy of different methods of body temperature measurement to diagnose infection in geriatric patients presenting to the emergency department ( ed ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 7 accuracy
5 the 7 accuracy
6 diagnostic 7 accuracy
7 accuracy 8 of
8 of 10 methods
9 different 10 methods
10 methods 11 of
11 of 14 measurement
12 body 13 temperature
13 temperature 14 measurement
14 measurement 15 to
14 measurement 21 presenting
15 to 16 diagnose
16 diagnose 17 infection
16 diagnose 18 in
18 in 20 patients
19 geriatric 20 patients
20 patients 21 presenting
21 presenting 22 to
22 to 25 department
23 the 25 department
24 emergency 25 department
25 department 27 ed
26 ( 27 ed
27 ed 28 )

methods : this observational study was done in consecutive patients ≥75 years old presenting to the ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 7 done
3 this 5 study
4 observational 5 study
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 done
7 done 8 in
7 done 14 presenting
8 in 12 years
9 consecutive 10 patients
10 patients 11 ≥75
11 ≥75 12 years
13 old 14 presenting
14 presenting 15 to
15 to 17 ed
16 the 17 ed

body temperature was determined by tympanal thermometry , temporal artery thermometry and rectal temperature measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 temperature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 body 2 temperature
2 temperature 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
5 by 12 and
6 tympanal 10 artery
7 thermometry 8 ,
7 thermometry 10 artery
9 temporal 10 artery
10 artery 11 thermometry
11 thermometry 12 and
12 and 15 measurement
13 rectal 14 temperature
14 temperature 15 measurement

adjudicated final diagnosis of infection was done by two experts including patient history , clinical and laboratory findings as well as radiographic studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjudicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 adjudicated 6 was
2 final 3 diagnosis
3 diagnosis 4 of
3 diagnosis 6 was
4 of 5 infection
6 was 7 done
7 done 8 by
8 by 10 experts
9 two 10 experts
10 experts 11 including
11 including 13 history
12 patient 13 history
14 , 16 and
15 clinical 16 and
16 and 18 findings
16 and 21 as
17 laboratory 18 findings
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 23 studies
22 radiographic 23 studies

results : a total of 427 patients were included in the data analysis ( age : 82.7 ± 5.1 years [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 )(
2 : 4 total
2 : 16 :
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 included
4 total 15 age
5 of 6 427
6 427 7 patients
6 427 8 were
7 patients 8 were
9 included 10 in
10 in 13 analysis
11 the 13 analysis
12 data 13 analysis
14 ( 15 age
15 age 16 :
16 : 20 years
17 82.7 20 years
18 ± 20 years
19 5.1 20 years

infection was present in 105 patients ( 24.6 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 infection 2 was
2 was 3 present
3 present 4 in
4 in 6 patients
5 105 6 patients
6 patients 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 24.6 9 %
9 % 10 )

respiratory rate , heart rate and body temperature were significantly higher in patients with infection , blood pressure was lower ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 respiratory 2 rate
3 , 5 rate
3 , 6 and
4 heart 5 rate
6 and 8 temperature
6 and 9 were
7 body 8 temperature
8 temperature 9 were
9 were 10 significantly
9 were 11 higher
11 higher 12 in
11 higher 14 with
12 in 13 patients
14 with 15 infection
15 infection 17 blood
16 , 17 blood
17 blood 18 pressure
17 blood 20 lower
17 blood 25 )
18 pressure 19 was
19 was 20 lower
20 lower 23 <
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.01

body temperature measured by tympanal and temporal artery thermometry was correlated with rectal thermometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 temperature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 body 2 temperature
2 temperature 3 measured
2 temperature 10 was
3 measured 4 by
4 by 9 thermometry
5 tympanal 6 and
6 and 7 temporal
6 and 8 artery
8 artery 9 thermometry
10 was 11 correlated
11 correlated 12 with
12 with 14 thermometry
13 rectal 14 thermometry

body temperature was significantly higher in patients with infection compared with those without infection independent of the method of body temperature measurement ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 temperature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 body 2 temperature
2 temperature 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 higher
5 higher 6 in
5 higher 8 with
6 in 7 patients
8 with 9 infection
9 infection 10 compared
9 infection 16 of
9 infection 25 <
10 compared 11 with
10 compared 15 independent
11 with 12 those
12 those 13 without
13 without 14 infection
16 of 18 method
17 the 18 method
18 method 19 of
19 of 22 measurement
20 body 21 temperature
21 temperature 22 measurement
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.001
25 < 27 )

compared with rectal measurement tympanal thermometry showed a higher bias than temporal artery thermometry ( 0.54 versus 0.03 °c ) , while its limits of agreement were more narrow ( - 0.14 to 1.21 °c versus - 0.94 - 1.01 °c ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 more
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 narrow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 11 than
1 compared 21 ,
1 compared 28 more
2 with 4 measurement
3 rectal 4 measurement
4 measurement 6 thermometry
4 measurement 7 showed
5 tympanal 6 thermometry
6 thermometry 7 showed
7 showed 10 bias
8 a 10 bias
9 higher 10 bias
11 than 14 thermometry
12 temporal 13 artery
13 artery 14 thermometry
14 thermometry 16 0.54
15 ( 16 0.54
16 0.54 17 versus
16 0.54 20 )
17 versus 19 °c
18 0.03 19 °c
22 while 24 limits
22 while 27 were
22 while 28 more
23 its 24 limits
24 limits 25 of
24 limits 27 were
25 of 26 agreement
28 more 29 narrow
29 narrow 39 -
30 ( 39 -
31 - 32 0.14
32 0.14 33 to
33 to 34 1.21
33 to 35 °c
35 °c 36 versus
35 °c 39 -
36 versus 38 0.94
37 - 38 0.94
39 - 41 °c
39 - 42 )
40 1.01 41 °c

conclusion : diagnostic accuracy for the identification of infection was comparable among tympanal and rectal thermometry and lower for temporal artery thermometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 diagnostic
2 : 10 was
2 : 23 .
3 diagnostic 10 was
4 accuracy 5 for
4 accuracy 8 of
4 accuracy 10 was
5 for 7 identification
6 the 7 identification
8 of 9 infection
10 was 17 and
11 comparable 12 among
11 comparable 17 and
12 among 16 thermometry
13 tympanal 14 and
14 and 15 rectal
14 and 16 thermometry
17 and 18 lower
18 lower 19 for
19 for 22 thermometry
20 temporal 21 artery
21 artery 22 thermometry

different cut - [off] points should be used to identify infection using tympanal ( 37.3 °c ) [or] rectal ( 37.9 °c ) thermometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 different 2 cut
3 - 5 points
3 - 8 used
3 - 25 .
5 points 6 should
6 should 7 be
7 be 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 identify
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 11 infection
11 infection 12 using
12 using 24 thermometry
13 tympanal 16 °c
13 tympanal 24 thermometry
14 ( 16 °c
15 37.3 16 °c
16 °c 17 )
19 rectal 22 °c
19 rectal 24 thermometry
20 ( 22 °c
21 37.9 22 °c
22 °c 23 )

in general , temperature measurement is an insensitive method to identify geriatric patients with infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 5 measurement
1 in 6 is
2 general 3 ,
2 general 4 temperature
4 temperature 5 measurement
6 is 9 method
7 an 8 insensitive
7 an 9 method
8 insensitive 9 method
9 method 10 to
9 method 11 identify
10 to 11 identify
11 identify 13 patients
11 identify 14 with
12 geriatric 13 patients
14 with 15 infection

registration number clinicaltrials.com : ksmc - tempger - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 clinicaltrials.com
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tempger
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 registration 3 clinicaltrials.com
2 number 3 clinicaltrials.com
3 clinicaltrials.com 4 :
4 : 5 ksmc
6 - 7 tempger
7 tempger 9 1
8 - 9 1

children exposed to ionizing radiation have a substantially greater breast cancer risk than adults ; the mechanism for this strong age dependence is not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 children 2 exposed
1 children 6 have
2 exposed 3 to
3 to 4 ionizing
4 ionizing 5 radiation
6 have 12 risk
6 have 13 than
7 a 12 risk
8 substantially 9 greater
9 greater 12 risk
10 breast 11 cancer
11 cancer 12 risk
13 than 14 adults
15 ; 17 mechanism
15 ; 23 is
16 the 17 mechanism
17 mechanism 18 for
17 mechanism 23 is
18 for 22 dependence
19 this 20 strong
20 strong 22 dependence
21 age 22 dependence
23 is 24 not
23 is 25 known
24 not 25 known

we developed a mammary lineage agent [-] based model ( abm ) to evaluate cell inactivation , self - renewal , or dedifferentiation via epithelial - mesenchymal transition ( emt ) as mechanisms by which radiation could increase stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 we 2 developed
2 developed 9 model
2 developed 13 to
3 a 4 mammary
3 a 9 model
4 mammary 9 model
5 lineage 6 agent
6 agent 8 based
8 based 9 model
9 model 11 abm
10 ( 11 abm
11 abm 12 )
13 to 14 evaluate
14 evaluate 16 inactivation
15 cell 16 inactivation
17 , 18 self
17 , 19 -
19 - 22 or
19 - 38 increase
19 - 41 .
20 renewal 22 or
21 , 22 or
22 or 23 dedifferentiation
22 or 24 via
22 or 32 as
22 or 34 by
22 or 38 increase
24 via 28 transition
25 epithelial 26 -
25 epithelial 28 transition
27 mesenchymal 28 transition
28 transition 30 emt
29 ( 30 emt
30 emt 31 )
32 as 33 mechanisms
34 by 35 which
34 by 36 radiation
34 by 37 could
36 radiation 37 could
38 increase 40 cells
39 stem 40 cells

abm rejected cell inactivation and predicted increased self - renewal would only affect juveniles while dedifferentiation could act in both juveniles and adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 abm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rejected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 abm 2 rejected
2 rejected 5 and
3 cell 4 inactivation
4 inactivation 5 and
5 and 8 self
6 predicted 8 self
7 increased 8 self
9 - 10 renewal
9 - 13 affect
9 - 24 .
10 renewal 11 would
11 would 13 affect
12 only 13 affect
13 affect 14 juveniles
13 affect 15 while
15 while 16 dedifferentiation
15 while 18 act
16 dedifferentiation 17 could
17 could 18 act
18 act 19 in
19 in 22 and
20 both 21 juveniles
21 juveniles 22 and
22 and 23 adults

abm simulation of population dynamics of double cytokeratin cells supported increased self [-] renewal in irradiated mcf10a treated with tgfβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 simulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 irradiated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 abm 2 simulation
2 simulation 3 of
2 simulation 16 irradiated
3 of 5 dynamics
4 population 5 dynamics
5 dynamics 6 of
5 dynamics 9 cells
5 dynamics 15 in
6 of 8 cytokeratin
7 double 8 cytokeratin
9 cells 10 supported
9 cells 11 increased
11 increased 14 renewal
11 increased 15 in
12 self 14 renewal
16 irradiated 17 mcf10a
16 irradiated 19 with
17 mcf10a 18 treated
19 with 20 tgfβ

radiation - induced notch concomitant with tgfβ was necessary for increased self [-] renewal of let - 7c negative mcf10a cells but not for emt , indicating that these are independent processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 radiation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 - 3 induced
2 - 8 was
3 induced 8 was
4 notch 5 concomitant
4 notch 8 was
5 concomitant 6 with
6 with 7 tgfβ
8 was 9 necessary
9 necessary 10 for
10 for 14 renewal
11 increased 12 self
12 self 14 renewal
14 renewal 15 of
14 renewal 27 indicating
15 of 16 let
16 let 21 cells
17 - 21 cells
18 7c 21 cells
19 negative 21 cells
20 mcf10a 21 cells
21 cells 22 but
21 cells 24 for
21 cells 26 ,
22 but 23 not
24 for 25 emt
27 indicating 28 that
28 that 29 these
28 that 30 are
29 these 30 are
30 are 32 processes
31 independent 32 processes

consistent with these data , irradiating adult mice did not increase mammary repopulating activity or er - negative tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 irradiating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 5 ,
1 consistent 6 irradiating
2 with 4 data
3 these 4 data
6 irradiating 8 mice
6 irradiating 9 did
7 adult 8 mice
9 did 10 not
9 did 15 or
11 increase 14 activity
11 increase 15 or
12 mammary 14 activity
13 repopulating 14 activity
15 or 18 negative
16 er 17 -
16 er 18 negative
18 negative 19 tumors

these studies suggest that irradiation during puberty transiently increases stem cell self [-] renewal , which increases susceptibility to developing er - negative breast cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 irradiation
4 that 9 increases
5 irradiation 6 during
5 irradiation 9 increases
6 during 7 puberty
8 transiently 9 increases
9 increases 14 renewal
10 stem 14 renewal
11 cell 14 renewal
12 self 14 renewal
14 renewal 16 which
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 increases
16 which 26 .
17 increases 18 susceptibility
17 increases 19 to
19 to 20 developing
20 developing 21 er
21 er 25 cancer
22 - 25 cancer
23 negative 25 cancer
24 breast 25 cancer
25 cancer 26 .

background : care home residents are aged , many have multiple co - morbidities and low levels of functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 residents
2 : 7 aged
2 : 8 ,
2 : 20 .
3 care 5 residents
4 home 5 residents
5 residents 6 are
6 are 7 aged
8 , 9 many
8 , 15 and
9 many 15 and
10 have 14 morbidities
10 have 15 and
11 multiple 14 morbidities
12 co 13 -
12 co 14 morbidities
15 and 16 low
16 low 17 levels
17 levels 18 of
18 of 19 functioning

yet , the uk has no routinely available , national data on health in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 uk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 4 uk
3 the 4 uk
4 uk 5 has
5 has 11 data
5 has 12 on
5 has 14 in
6 no 11 data
7 routinely 8 available
8 available 9 ,
8 available 11 data
10 national 11 data
12 on 13 health
14 in 16 homes
15 care 16 homes

the aim of this study is to identify longitudinal or nationally representative cross - sectional sources of information on the health and wellbeing of older adults residing in care homes in the uk and ireland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 homes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 identify
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 10 or
9 longitudinal 10 or
10 or 13 cross
11 nationally 12 representative
12 representative 13 cross
14 - 22 and
15 sectional 16 sources
16 sources 17 of
16 sources 22 and
17 of 18 information
18 information 19 on
19 on 21 health
20 the 21 health
22 and 23 wellbeing
22 and 24 of
24 of 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
26 adults 27 residing
26 adults 30 homes
27 residing 28 in
27 residing 30 homes
28 in 29 care
30 homes 31 in
31 in 35 ireland
32 the 35 ireland
33 uk 34 and
34 and 35 ireland

methods : searches were made of health databases ( medline , embase ) , websites of the economic and social data service and uk office for national statistics , and selected journals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 searches
2 : 30 and
2 : 33 .
3 searches 30 and
4 were 6 of
4 were 30 and
5 made 6 of
6 of 8 databases
7 health 8 databases
8 databases 10 medline
8 databases 12 embase
8 databases 23 and
9 ( 10 medline
10 medline 11 ,
11 , 12 embase
12 embase 13 )
14 , 23 and
15 websites 16 of
15 websites 19 and
16 of 18 economic
17 the 18 economic
19 and 22 service
19 and 23 and
20 social 21 data
21 data 22 service
23 and 28 statistics
23 and 29 ,
24 uk 25 office
25 office 26 for
25 office 28 statistics
26 for 27 national
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 selected
30 and 32 journals

on [-] going longitudinal or repeated cross - sectional studies were sought in the uk and ireland , that included participants aged over 65 and reported one or more health - related variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 on 3 going
1 on 10 studies
4 longitudinal 5 or
5 or 7 cross
5 or 8 -
5 or 10 studies
6 repeated 7 cross
9 sectional 10 studies
10 studies 11 were
11 were 12 sought
12 sought 13 in
13 in 28 or
14 the 17 ireland
15 uk 16 and
16 and 17 ireland
17 ireland 18 ,
18 , 19 that
18 , 28 or
19 that 25 and
20 included 21 participants
20 included 23 over
20 included 25 and
21 participants 22 aged
23 over 24 65
25 and 26 reported
26 reported 27 one
28 or 30 health
29 more 30 health
31 - 32 related
32 related 33 variables

data were extracted on studies that included older adults in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 extracted
3 extracted 4 on
4 on 5 studies
5 studies 6 that
5 studies 7 included
6 that 7 included
7 included 9 adults
7 included 10 in
8 older 9 adults
10 in 12 homes
11 care 12 homes

if necessary , study teams were contacted for information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 teams
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 contacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 if 2 necessary
2 necessary 3 ,
2 necessary 5 teams
4 study 5 teams
5 teams 6 were
6 were 7 contacted
7 contacted 8 for
8 for 9 information

results : we identified 42 longitudinal [cohort] or repeated cross - sectional studies in the uk that involved older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 identified
2 : 21 .
3 we 4 identified
4 identified 13 studies
4 identified 14 in
5 42 13 studies
6 longitudinal 8 or
8 or 10 cross
8 or 11 -
8 or 13 studies
9 repeated 10 cross
12 sectional 13 studies
14 in 16 uk
15 the 16 uk
16 uk 17 that
16 uk 18 involved
17 that 18 involved
18 involved 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

of these , 17 studies provided data from care home residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 of 2 these
1 of 3 ,
1 of 5 studies
4 17 5 studies
5 studies 6 provided
6 provided 7 data
7 data 8 from
8 from 11 residents
9 care 11 residents
10 home 11 residents

the time period of data [collection] ranged from 2 to 40 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 period
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 time
2 time 3 period
3 period 4 of
3 period 7 ranged
4 of 5 data
7 ranged 8 from
8 from 12 years
9 2 10 to
10 to 11 40
10 to 12 years

proxy interviews were used to capture the majority of data in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 proxy 2 interviews
2 interviews 3 were
3 were 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 capture
5 to 6 capture
6 capture 10 data
6 capture 11 in
7 the 8 majority
8 majority 9 of
8 majority 10 data
9 of 10 data
11 in 13 homes
12 care 13 homes

conclusion : in the uk and ireland , most longitudinal and nationally representative [cross] - sectional studies do not [include] or follow - up older adults in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 10 longitudinal
3 in 6 and
4 the 5 uk
5 uk 6 and
6 and 7 ireland
6 and 8 ,
9 most 10 longitudinal
11 and 17 studies
11 and 21 or
12 nationally 13 representative
13 representative 15 -
13 representative 17 studies
16 sectional 17 studies
17 studies 21 or
18 do 19 not
18 do 21 or
21 or 22 follow
22 follow 24 up
23 - 24 up
24 up 26 adults
24 up 30 .
25 older 26 adults
26 adults 27 in
27 in 29 homes
28 care 29 homes

systematic data [collection] on the health of older adults in care homes should be a priority , to inform policy development and enable monitoring of care delivery and health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 systematic 2 data
2 data 4 on
2 data 7 of
2 data 13 should
4 on 6 health
5 the 6 health
7 of 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 in
10 in 12 homes
11 care 12 homes
13 should 14 be
14 be 16 priority
15 a 16 priority
17 , 18 to
17 , 22 and
18 to 22 and
19 inform 21 development
19 inform 22 and
20 policy 21 development
22 and 23 enable
22 and 30 outcomes
23 enable 24 monitoring
24 monitoring 25 of
25 of 28 and
26 care 27 delivery
27 delivery 28 and
28 and 29 health

the stroop interference task is a widely used paradigm to examine cognitive inhibition , which is a key component [of] goal - directed behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 task
2 stroop 4 task
3 interference 4 task
4 task 5 is
5 is 9 paradigm
6 a 9 paradigm
7 widely 8 used
8 used 9 paradigm
9 paradigm 10 to
9 paradigm 11 examine
10 to 11 examine
11 examine 13 inhibition
11 examine 23 directed
12 cognitive 13 inhibition
13 inhibition 15 which
13 inhibition 23 directed
14 , 15 which
15 which 16 is
15 which 22 -
16 is 21 goal
17 a 21 goal
18 key 21 goal
19 component 21 goal
23 directed 24 behavior

with increasing age , reaction times in the stroop interference task are usually slowed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 times
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 slowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 with 2 increasing
1 with 4 ,
1 with 6 times
2 increasing 3 age
5 reaction 6 times
6 times 7 in
6 times 12 are
7 in 11 task
8 the 11 task
9 stroop 11 task
10 interference 11 task
12 are 14 slowed
13 usually 14 slowed

however , to date it is still under debate [if] age - related increases in reaction times are merely an artifact of general slowing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 to
3 to 4 date
3 to 6 is
4 date 5 it
6 is 7 still
6 is 8 under
8 under 11 age
9 debate 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 increases
13 related 15 in
13 related 25 .
15 in 16 reaction
16 reaction 17 times
16 reaction 24 slowing
17 times 18 are
18 are 19 merely
18 are 21 artifact
20 an 21 artifact
21 artifact 22 of
21 artifact 24 slowing
22 of 23 general

the current study was conducted to investigate the role of general slowing , as measured by trail - making - test - a , in age - related alterations of stroop interference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 related
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 to
5 conducted 13 ,
5 conducted 15 measured
6 to 7 investigate
7 investigate 9 role
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 of
10 of 11 general
11 general 12 slowing
14 as 15 measured
15 measured 16 by
16 by 17 trail
17 trail 19 making
17 trail 22 -
17 trail 25 in
18 - 19 making
19 making 20 -
20 - 22 -
21 test 22 -
22 - 23 a
22 - 24 ,
24 , 25 in
25 in 26 age
25 in 27 -
27 - 28 related
28 related 29 alterations
28 related 33 .
29 alterations 30 of
30 of 32 interference
31 stroop 32 interference

we applied diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) to determine the topography of neuronal networks underlying stroop interference under control of general slowing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 applied
2 applied 7 dti
2 applied 9 to
2 applied 19 under
3 diffusion 4 tensor
4 tensor 5 imaging
5 imaging 7 dti
6 ( 7 dti
7 dti 8 )
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 12 topography
11 the 12 topography
12 topography 13 of
13 of 15 networks
14 neuronal 15 networks
15 networks 16 underlying
16 underlying 18 interference
17 stroop 18 interference
19 under 20 control
20 control 21 of
20 control 23 slowing
21 of 22 general

on the behavioral level , linear regression analysis demonstrated that age accounted for significant variance on stroop interference , whereas tmt - a performance did [not] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 on 4 level
1 on 5 ,
1 on 8 analysis
2 the 4 level
3 behavioral 4 level
6 linear 7 regression
7 regression 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 demonstrated
9 demonstrated 10 that
10 that 11 age
10 that 13 for
11 age 13 for
12 accounted 13 for
13 for 15 variance
14 significant 15 variance
15 variance 16 on
16 on 18 interference
17 stroop 18 interference
19 , 24 performance
19 , 25 did
20 whereas 21 tmt
20 whereas 22 -
20 whereas 24 performance
23 a 24 performance
24 performance 25 did

controlling for tmt [-] a , dti based white matter analyses demonstrated a strong association of stroop interference with integrity measures of genu of corpus callosum , bilateral anterior corona radiata , and bilateral anterior limb of capsula interna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 controlling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 controlling 2 for
1 controlling 12 demonstrated
2 for 11 analyses
3 tmt 5 a
3 tmt 7 dti
6 , 7 dti
7 dti 8 based
8 based 11 analyses
9 white 11 analyses
10 matter 11 analyses
12 demonstrated 15 association
12 demonstrated 19 with
13 a 14 strong
13 a 15 association
14 strong 15 association
15 association 16 of
16 of 18 interference
17 stroop 18 interference
19 with 33 and
20 integrity 21 measures
21 measures 22 of
21 measures 24 of
21 measures 33 and
22 of 23 genu
24 of 26 callosum
25 corpus 26 callosum
26 callosum 31 radiata
27 , 31 radiata
28 bilateral 30 corona
29 anterior 30 corona
30 corona 31 radiata
31 radiata 32 ,
33 and 36 limb
33 and 37 of
34 bilateral 36 limb
35 anterior 36 limb
37 of 39 interna
38 capsula 39 interna

these pathways are associated with frontal brain regions by either connecting the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the anterior cingulate cortex with frontal and subcortical regions or by containing fibers which are part of cortico - thalamic circuits that cross prefrontal regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 these 2 pathways
2 pathways 3 are
3 are 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 9 by
5 with 8 regions
6 frontal 7 brain
7 brain 8 regions
9 by 11 connecting
10 either 11 connecting
11 connecting 17 or
12 the 16 cortex
13 bilateral 16 cortex
14 dorsolateral 16 cortex
15 prefrontal 16 cortex
16 cortex 17 or
17 or 21 cortex
17 or 36 -
18 the 21 cortex
19 anterior 20 cingulate
20 cingulate 21 cortex
21 cortex 27 or
21 cortex 34 of
22 with 26 regions
22 with 27 or
23 frontal 24 and
24 and 25 subcortical
24 and 26 regions
27 or 28 by
28 by 29 containing
29 containing 30 fibers
30 fibers 31 which
30 fibers 32 are
31 which 32 are
32 are 33 part
34 of 35 cortico
36 - 38 circuits
37 thalamic 38 circuits
38 circuits 39 that
38 circuits 40 cross
39 that 40 cross
40 cross 42 regions
41 prefrontal 42 regions

importantly , results expand our knowledge of the neural basis of stroop interference and emphasize the importance of white matter integrity of frontal pathways in the modulation of stroop interference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 3 results
3 results 14 and
4 expand 6 knowledge
4 expand 14 and
5 our 6 knowledge
6 knowledge 7 of
7 of 10 basis
8 the 10 basis
9 neural 10 basis
10 basis 11 of
11 of 13 interference
12 stroop 13 interference
14 and 15 emphasize
14 and 25 in
14 and 30 interference
15 emphasize 17 importance
16 the 17 importance
17 importance 18 of
18 of 21 integrity
19 white 20 matter
20 matter 21 integrity
21 integrity 22 of
22 of 24 pathways
23 frontal 24 pathways
25 in 27 modulation
26 the 27 modulation
27 modulation 28 of
28 of 29 stroop

combining behavioral and dti findings our results further suggest that cognitive inhibition , as measured by stroop [task] , is a qualitatively distinct cognitive process that declines with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 combining 5 findings
2 behavioral 3 and
3 and 4 dti
3 and 5 findings
5 findings 7 results
5 findings 8 further
5 findings 9 suggest
6 our 7 results
7 results 8 further
9 suggest 10 that
10 that 12 inhibition
10 that 20 is
11 cognitive 12 inhibition
12 inhibition 15 measured
12 inhibition 20 is
13 , 15 measured
14 as 15 measured
15 measured 16 by
15 measured 19 ,
16 by 17 stroop
20 is 25 process
21 a 22 qualitatively
21 a 25 process
22 qualitatively 23 distinct
24 cognitive 25 process
25 process 26 that
25 process 27 declines
26 that 27 declines
27 declines 28 with
28 with 29 age

proper nutrition offers one of the most effective and least costly ways to decrease the burden of many diseases and their associated risk factors , including obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nutrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 offers
1 proper 2 nutrition
2 nutrition 3 offers
3 offers 4 one
3 offers 12 ways
3 offers 20 and
3 offers 26 including
4 one 5 of
5 of 7 most
6 the 7 most
8 effective 9 and
9 and 11 costly
9 and 12 ways
10 least 11 costly
12 ways 13 to
12 ways 14 decrease
13 to 14 decrease
14 decrease 16 burden
15 the 16 burden
16 burden 17 of
17 of 19 diseases
18 many 19 diseases
20 and 23 risk
20 and 24 factors
21 their 23 risk
22 associated 23 risk
25 , 26 including
26 including 27 obesity
26 including 28 .

nutrition research holds the key to increasing our understanding of the causes of obesity and its related comorbidities and thus [holds] promise to markedly influence global health and economies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 holds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 nutrition 2 research
2 research 3 holds
3 holds 5 key
3 holds 6 to
4 the 5 key
6 to 7 increasing
7 increasing 19 and
7 increasing 23 to
8 our 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
9 understanding 13 of
9 understanding 15 and
10 of 12 causes
11 the 12 causes
13 of 14 obesity
15 and 18 comorbidities
15 and 19 and
16 its 18 comorbidities
17 related 18 comorbidities
19 and 20 thus
19 and 22 promise
23 to 25 influence
24 markedly 25 influence
25 influence 28 and
26 global 27 health
27 health 28 and
28 and 29 economies

after outreach to 75 thought leaders , the american society for nutrition ( asn ) convened a working group to identify the nutrition research needs whose advancement will have the greatest projected impact on the future health and well - being of global populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 after 2 outreach
1 after 16 convened
1 after 24 research
2 outreach 3 to
2 outreach 10 society
2 outreach 16 convened
3 to 6 leaders
4 75 6 leaders
5 thought 6 leaders
7 , 10 society
8 the 10 society
9 american 10 society
10 society 11 for
10 society 14 asn
10 society 15 )
11 for 12 nutrition
13 ( 14 asn
14 asn 15 )
16 convened 19 group
16 convened 20 to
17 a 19 group
18 working 19 group
20 to 21 identify
21 identify 23 nutrition
22 the 23 nutrition
24 research 25 needs
25 needs 26 whose
25 needs 34 on
25 needs 41 being
26 whose 27 advancement
27 advancement 28 will
28 will 29 have
29 have 33 impact
30 the 31 greatest
30 the 33 impact
32 projected 33 impact
34 on 38 and
35 the 37 health
36 future 37 health
37 health 38 and
38 and 39 well
38 and 40 -
41 being 42 of
42 of 44 populations
43 global 44 populations

asn hopes the nutrition research needs will prompt collaboration among scientists across all disciplines to advance this challenging research agenda given the high potential for translation and impact on public health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 asn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hopes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 asn 2 hopes
2 hopes 6 needs
2 hopes 8 prompt
3 the 6 needs
4 nutrition 5 research
5 research 6 needs
6 needs 7 will
7 will 8 prompt
8 prompt 9 collaboration
8 prompt 10 among
8 prompt 12 across
8 prompt 15 to
8 prompt 16 advance
10 among 11 scientists
12 across 14 disciplines
13 all 14 disciplines
15 to 16 advance
16 advance 20 agenda
17 this 20 agenda
18 challenging 19 research
19 research 20 agenda
20 agenda 21 given
20 agenda 25 for
21 given 24 potential
22 the 24 potential
23 high 24 potential
25 for 27 and
26 translation 27 and
27 and 28 impact
28 impact 29 on
29 on 31 health
30 public 31 health

furthermore , asn hopes the findings from the nutrition research needs will stimulate the development and adoption of new and innovative strategies that can be applied toward the prevention and treatment of nutrition - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 asn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hopes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 related
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 asn
3 asn 4 hopes
4 hopes 6 findings
4 hopes 13 stimulate
5 the 6 findings
6 findings 7 from
6 findings 13 stimulate
7 from 12 will
8 the 12 will
9 nutrition 10 research
10 research 12 will
11 needs 12 will
13 stimulate 16 and
13 stimulate 27 toward
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 and
16 and 17 adoption
17 adoption 18 of
18 of 22 strategies
19 new 20 and
20 and 21 innovative
20 and 22 strategies
22 strategies 23 that
22 strategies 24 can
23 that 24 can
24 can 25 be
25 be 26 applied
27 toward 30 and
28 the 29 prevention
29 prevention 30 and
30 and 31 treatment
31 treatment 32 of
32 of 33 nutrition
34 - 35 related
35 related 36 diseases
35 related 37 .

the multidisciplinary nature of nutrition research requires stakeholders with differing areas of expertise to collaborate on multifaceted approaches to establish the evidence - based nutrition guidance and policies that will lead to better health for the global population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 nature
2 multidisciplinary 3 nature
3 nature 4 of
3 nature 7 requires
4 of 6 research
5 nutrition 6 research
7 requires 8 stakeholders
7 requires 14 to
7 requires 20 establish
8 stakeholders 9 with
9 with 11 areas
10 differing 11 areas
11 areas 12 of
12 of 13 expertise
14 to 15 collaborate
15 collaborate 16 on
15 collaborate 19 to
16 on 18 approaches
17 multifaceted 18 approaches
19 to 20 establish
20 establish 22 evidence
21 the 22 evidence
23 - 27 and
24 based 25 nutrition
25 nutrition 26 guidance
26 guidance 27 and
27 and 28 policies
27 and 29 that
27 and 31 lead
29 that 30 will
30 will 31 lead
31 lead 32 to
31 lead 35 for
32 to 34 health
33 better 34 health
35 for 38 population
36 the 38 population
37 global 38 population

in addition to the identified research needs , asn also identified 5 tools that are critical to the advancement of the nutrition research needs [:] 1 [ )(omics , 2 [ )(bioinformatics , 3 ) databases , 4 [ )(biomarkers , [and] 5 ) cost - effectiveness analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 7 needs
3 to 6 research
4 the 6 research
5 identified 6 research
8 , 9 asn
9 asn 11 identified
10 also 11 identified
11 identified 13 tools
12 5 13 tools
13 tools 14 that
13 tools 15 are
14 that 15 are
15 are 16 critical
16 critical 17 to
16 critical 20 of
17 to 19 advancement
18 the 19 advancement
20 of 28 )(omics
21 the 28 )(omics
22 nutrition 28 )(omics
23 research 24 needs
24 needs 26 1
24 needs 28 )(omics
28 )(omics 30 2
28 )(omics 38 4
29 , 30 2
30 2 32 )(bioinformatics
30 2 36 databases
30 2 37 ,
32 )(bioinformatics 34 3
32 )(bioinformatics 36 databases
33 , 34 3
34 3 35 )
37 , 38 4
38 4 40 )(biomarkers
38 4 45 cost
38 4 48 analysis
38 4 49 .
40 )(biomarkers 43 5
40 )(biomarkers 45 cost
41 , 43 5
43 5 44 )
46 - 48 analysis
47 effectiveness 48 analysis
48 analysis 49 .

the united states population is aging rapidly , and understanding the potential impact and feasibility of lifestyle interventions on the aging process is of central importance for addressing future population health and health care costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 4 population
2 united 3 states
3 states 4 population
4 population 5 is
5 is 6 aging
6 aging 7 rapidly
8 , 9 and
8 , 35 costs
9 and 10 understanding
9 and 23 is
10 understanding 14 and
10 understanding 19 on
10 understanding 23 is
11 the 13 impact
12 potential 13 impact
13 impact 14 and
14 and 15 feasibility
14 and 16 of
16 of 18 interventions
17 lifestyle 18 interventions
19 on 22 process
20 the 22 process
21 aging 22 process
23 is 24 of
24 of 26 importance
25 central 26 importance
26 importance 27 for
27 for 28 addressing
28 addressing 32 and
29 future 30 population
30 population 31 health
31 health 32 and
32 and 33 health
32 and 34 care
32 and 35 costs
34 care 35 costs

this symposium addressed the question of [whether] caloric restriction [may] [be] [a] feasible strategy to improve human health by reductions in rates of primary and secondary aging in humans , viewed from the perspective of existing data in animal models , and by using emerging data from the human comprehensive assessment of long - term reduction in energy intake trial , which is a randomized trial of human caloric restriction in free - living men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symposium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 addressed
1 this 2 symposium
2 symposium 3 addressed
3 addressed 5 question
3 addressed 15 to
4 the 5 question
5 question 6 of
6 of 14 strategy
8 caloric 9 restriction
9 restriction 14 strategy
13 feasible 14 strategy
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 18 health
16 improve 19 by
16 improve 21 in
17 human 18 health
19 by 20 reductions
21 in 25 and
22 rates 23 of
22 rates 25 and
23 of 24 primary
25 and 26 secondary
25 and 28 in
26 secondary 27 aging
28 in 29 humans
29 humans 31 viewed
30 , 31 viewed
31 viewed 32 from
31 viewed 42 and
32 from 34 perspective
33 the 34 perspective
34 perspective 35 of
35 of 37 data
36 existing 37 data
38 in 40 models
38 in 42 and
39 animal 40 models
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 by
43 by 44 using
44 using 46 data
44 using 47 from
45 emerging 46 data
47 from 51 assessment
48 the 51 assessment
49 human 51 assessment
50 comprehensive 51 assessment
51 assessment 52 of
51 assessment 62 which
51 assessment 63 is
52 of 53 long
53 long 60 trial
54 - 60 trial
55 term 56 reduction
56 reduction 57 in
56 reduction 60 trial
57 in 58 energy
59 intake 60 trial
60 trial 61 ,
62 which 63 is
63 is 66 trial
64 a 66 trial
65 randomized 66 trial
66 trial 67 of
67 of 76 and
68 human 70 restriction
69 caloric 70 restriction
70 restriction 71 in
70 restriction 76 and
71 in 75 men
72 free 73 -
72 free 75 men
74 living 75 men
76 and 77 women
76 and 78 .

throughout the life span , the brain is a [metabolically] highly active organ that uses a large proportion of total nutrient and energy intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 throughout 4 span
1 throughout 5 ,
1 throughout 7 brain
2 the 4 span
3 life 4 span
6 the 7 brain
7 brain 8 is
8 is 13 organ
9 a 13 organ
11 highly 12 active
12 active 13 organ
13 organ 14 that
13 organ 15 uses
14 that 15 uses
15 uses 18 proportion
16 a 18 proportion
17 large 18 proportion
18 proportion 19 of
19 of 24 intake
20 total 24 intake
21 nutrient 22 and
22 and 23 energy
22 and 24 intake

furthermore , the development and repair of neural tissue depend on the proper intake of essential structural nutrients , minerals , and vitamins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 and
3 the 4 development
4 development 5 and
5 and 6 repair
5 and 7 of
5 and 10 depend
7 of 9 tissue
8 neural 9 tissue
10 depend 11 on
11 on 14 intake
12 the 14 intake
13 proper 14 intake
14 intake 15 of
15 of 22 and
16 essential 18 nutrients
17 structural 18 nutrients
18 nutrients 19 ,
19 , 20 minerals
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 vitamins

therefore , [what] we eat , or refrain from eating , may have an important impact on our cognitive ability and mental performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 we
4 we 7 or
5 eat 7 or
6 , 7 or
7 or 8 refrain
8 refrain 9 from
9 from 11 ,
10 eating 11 ,
11 , 12 may
12 may 13 have
13 have 16 impact
13 have 17 on
14 an 15 important
14 an 16 impact
15 important 16 impact
17 on 21 and
18 our 20 ability
19 cognitive 20 ability
20 ability 21 and
21 and 23 performance
22 mental 23 performance

two of the key areas in which diet [is] thought to play an important role [are] in optimizing neurodevelopment in children and in preventing neurodegeneration and cognitive decline during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 diet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 two 2 of
1 two 8 diet
2 of 5 areas
3 the 5 areas
4 key 5 areas
5 areas 6 in
6 in 7 which
8 diet 10 thought
10 thought 11 to
10 thought 18 optimizing
11 to 12 play
12 play 15 role
12 play 17 in
13 an 15 role
14 important 15 role
17 in 18 optimizing
18 optimizing 19 neurodevelopment
18 optimizing 22 and
18 optimizing 29 during
20 in 21 children
20 in 22 and
22 and 23 in
23 in 24 preventing
24 preventing 26 and
25 neurodegeneration 26 and
26 and 28 decline
27 cognitive 28 decline
29 during 30 aging

from early development to aging , brain imaging can detect structural , functional , and metabolic changes in humans and modifications due to altered nutrition or to additional nutritional supplementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 detect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 from 3 development
1 from 6 ,
1 from 8 imaging
2 early 3 development
3 development 4 to
4 to 5 aging
7 brain 8 imaging
8 imaging 9 can
9 can 10 detect
10 detect 17 changes
10 detect 18 in
11 structural 12 ,
11 structural 17 changes
13 functional 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 metabolic
15 and 17 changes
18 in 20 and
19 humans 20 and
20 and 21 modifications
21 modifications 26 or
22 due 23 to
23 to 25 nutrition
23 to 26 or
24 altered 25 nutrition
26 or 27 to
27 to 30 supplementation
28 additional 30 supplementation
29 nutritional 30 supplementation

inclusion of imaging measures in clinical studies can increase understanding with regard to the modification of brain structure , metabolism , and functional endpoints and may provide early sensitive measures of long - term effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 inclusion 2 of
1 inclusion 5 in
1 inclusion 8 can
2 of 3 imaging
3 imaging 4 measures
5 in 7 studies
6 clinical 7 studies
8 can 9 increase
9 increase 10 understanding
9 increase 11 with
9 increase 13 to
11 with 12 regard
13 to 15 modification
14 the 15 modification
15 modification 16 of
15 modification 22 and
15 modification 25 and
16 of 17 brain
18 structure 19 ,
19 , 20 metabolism
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 functional
22 and 25 and
24 endpoints 25 and
25 and 26 may
25 and 27 provide
26 may 27 provide
27 provide 30 measures
28 early 30 measures
29 sensitive 30 measures
30 measures 31 of
31 of 35 effects
32 long 33 -
32 long 34 term
34 term 35 effects

in this symposium , the utility of existing brain imaging technologies to assess the effects of nutritional intervention in humans is described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 utility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 symposium
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 utility
2 this 3 symposium
5 the 6 utility
6 utility 7 of
6 utility 12 to
6 utility 13 assess
6 utility 21 is
7 of 9 brain
8 existing 9 brain
9 brain 10 imaging
10 imaging 11 technologies
12 to 13 assess
13 assess 15 effects
13 assess 19 in
14 the 15 effects
15 effects 16 of
16 of 18 intervention
17 nutritional 18 intervention
19 in 20 humans
21 is 22 described

examples of current research showing the utility of these markers are reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 examples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 examples 2 of
1 examples 11 are
2 of 4 research
3 current 4 research
4 research 5 showing
5 showing 7 utility
6 the 7 utility
7 utility 8 of
8 of 10 markers
9 these 10 markers
11 are 12 reviewed

humans are exposed to a complex and changing combination of nutritional factors during the life course , necessitating their investigation over time to capture " critical periods of sensitivity . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 humans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposed
1 humans 2 are
2 are 3 exposed
3 exposed 4 to
3 exposed 13 during
4 to 7 and
5 a 6 complex
6 complex 7 and
7 and 9 combination
7 and 10 of
8 changing 9 combination
10 of 12 factors
11 nutritional 12 factors
13 during 16 course
14 the 16 course
15 life 16 course
16 course 18 necessitating
17 , 18 necessitating
18 necessitating 20 investigation
18 necessitating 21 over
18 necessitating 30 .
19 their 20 investigation
21 over 22 time
22 time 23 to
22 time 24 capture
23 to 24 capture
24 capture 25 "
24 capture 27 periods
26 critical 27 periods
27 periods 28 of
28 of 29 sensitivity
30 . 31 "

a life course approach provides a framework to examine trajectories and long - term effects of nutritional and other risk factors , particularly the role of timing , accumulation , and temporal relationships of these exposures in relation to chronic disease development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 a 2 life
1 a 4 approach
2 life 4 approach
3 course 4 approach
4 approach 5 provides
5 provides 7 framework
5 provides 8 to
6 a 7 framework
8 to 11 and
9 examine 10 trajectories
9 examine 11 and
11 and 12 long
13 - 31 and
13 - 43 .
14 term 15 effects
15 effects 16 of
15 effects 31 and
16 of 18 and
17 nutritional 18 and
18 and 21 factors
18 and 25 role
19 other 21 factors
20 risk 21 factors
22 , 23 particularly
22 , 25 role
24 the 25 role
25 role 26 of
25 role 29 accumulation
25 role 30 ,
26 of 27 timing
28 , 29 accumulation
29 accumulation 30 ,
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 relationships
32 temporal 33 relationships
33 relationships 34 of
33 relationships 39 to
34 of 36 exposures
35 these 36 exposures
37 in 38 relation
38 relation 39 to
39 to 42 development
40 chronic 41 disease
41 disease 42 development

currently , most epidemiologic research does not sufficiently address this issue in relation to disease etiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 currently 2 ,
1 currently 5 research
3 most 4 epidemiologic
4 epidemiologic 5 research
5 research 6 does
6 does 7 not
6 does 9 address
8 sufficiently 9 address
9 address 11 issue
9 address 14 to
10 this 11 issue
12 in 13 relation
13 relation 14 to
14 to 16 etiology
15 disease 16 etiology

although applying a life course approach would augment our knowledge about disease development , this approach presents major challenges in designing , conducting , and analyzing studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 augment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 2 applying
1 although 7 would
1 although 8 augment
2 applying 6 approach
2 applying 7 would
3 a 4 life
3 a 6 approach
4 life 6 approach
5 course 6 approach
8 augment 25 and
9 our 25 and
10 knowledge 11 about
10 knowledge 25 and
11 about 13 development
12 disease 13 development
13 development 16 approach
13 development 23 conducting
14 , 16 approach
15 this 16 approach
16 approach 17 presents
16 approach 21 designing
16 approach 22 ,
17 presents 18 major
18 major 19 challenges
18 major 20 in
20 in 21 designing
22 , 23 conducting
23 conducting 24 ,
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 studies
26 analyzing 27 studies

a scientific symposium was held that reviewed emerging research and discussed methodological concerns in applying the life course approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 symposium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 3 symposium
2 scientific 3 symposium
3 symposium 4 was
4 was 10 and
5 held 9 research
5 held 10 and
6 that 7 reviewed
7 reviewed 9 research
8 emerging 9 research
10 and 11 discussed
10 and 13 concerns
10 and 14 in
12 methodological 13 concerns
14 in 15 applying
15 applying 19 approach
16 the 19 approach
17 life 19 approach
18 course 19 approach

the research presented at this session focused on the role of timing , with the pre - and postnatal and pubertal periods as critical windows of exposure for chronic conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 research
2 research 3 presented
2 research 7 focused
2 research 8 on
2 research 11 of
2 research 18 and
3 presented 4 at
4 at 6 session
5 this 6 session
8 on 10 role
9 the 10 role
11 of 12 timing
12 timing 14 with
13 , 14 with
14 with 16 pre
14 with 17 -
15 the 16 pre
18 and 22 periods
18 and 23 as
19 postnatal 20 and
20 and 21 pubertal
20 and 22 periods
23 as 25 windows
24 critical 25 windows
25 windows 26 of
26 of 27 exposure
27 exposure 28 for
28 for 30 conditions
29 chronic 30 conditions

methodological issues and complexities in analyzing and selecting datasets were highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 methodological 2 issues
2 issues 3 and
3 and 4 complexities
3 and 5 in
3 and 10 were
5 in 7 and
6 analyzing 7 and
7 and 9 datasets
8 selecting 9 datasets
10 were 11 highlighted

this symposium elucidated unique study designs and statistical strategies to demonstrate the strengths of this methodology , and served as a catalyst for new research in the area of nutrition and chronic disease epidemiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symposium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 symposium
2 symposium 18 and
3 elucidated 7 and
3 elucidated 18 and
4 unique 5 study
5 study 6 designs
6 designs 7 and
7 and 9 strategies
7 and 10 to
7 and 11 demonstrate
8 statistical 9 strategies
10 to 11 demonstrate
11 demonstrate 13 strengths
12 the 13 strengths
13 strengths 14 of
14 of 16 methodology
15 this 16 methodology
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 served
18 and 20 as
18 and 26 in
20 as 22 catalyst
21 a 22 catalyst
22 catalyst 23 for
23 for 25 research
24 new 25 research
26 in 31 and
27 the 28 area
28 area 29 of
28 area 31 and
29 of 30 nutrition
31 and 34 epidemiology
32 chronic 33 disease
33 disease 34 epidemiology

epigenetics can be defined as inheritable and reversible phenomena that affect gene expression without altering the underlying base pair sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 epigenetics 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
4 defined 14 without
5 as 9 phenomena
6 inheritable 7 and
7 and 8 reversible
7 and 9 phenomena
9 phenomena 10 that
9 phenomena 11 affect
10 that 11 affect
11 affect 13 expression
12 gene 13 expression
14 without 15 altering
15 altering 20 sequence
16 the 20 sequence
17 underlying 20 sequence
18 base 19 pair
19 pair 20 sequence

epigenomics is the study of genome [-] wide epigenetic modifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 epigenomics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 epigenomics 2 is
2 is 4 study
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 of
5 of 10 modifications
6 genome 10 modifications
8 wide 10 modifications
9 epigenetic 10 modifications

because gene expression changes are critical in both normal development and disease progression , epigenetics is widely applicable to many aspects of biological research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 because
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 because 3 expression
2 gene 3 expression
3 expression 4 changes
3 expression 5 are
3 expression 6 critical
3 expression 16 is
4 changes 5 are
6 critical 7 in
7 in 15 epigenetics
8 both 11 and
9 normal 10 development
10 development 11 and
11 and 13 progression
11 and 14 ,
11 and 15 epigenetics
12 disease 13 progression
16 is 17 widely
16 is 18 applicable
18 applicable 19 to
19 to 21 aspects
20 many 21 aspects
21 aspects 22 of
22 of 24 research
23 biological 24 research

the influences of nutrients and bioactive food components on epigenetic phenomena such as dna methylation and various types of histone modifications have been extensively investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 influences
2 influences 3 of
2 influences 5 and
3 of 4 nutrients
5 and 8 components
5 and 9 on
5 and 16 and
6 bioactive 7 food
7 food 8 components
9 on 11 phenomena
10 epigenetic 11 phenomena
11 phenomena 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 15 methylation
14 dna 15 methylation
16 and 18 types
16 and 19 of
16 and 22 have
17 various 18 types
19 of 21 modifications
20 histone 21 modifications
22 have 23 been
23 been 24 extensively
23 been 25 investigated

because an individual 's epigenetic patterns are established during early gestation [and] [are] changed and personalized by environmental factors during our lifetime , epigenetic mechanisms are quite important in the development of transgenerational and adult obesity as well as in the development of diabetes mellitus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 because 6 patterns
1 because 8 established
1 because 23 ,
1 because 25 mechanisms
2 an 3 individual
3 individual 4 's
4 's 6 patterns
5 epigenetic 6 patterns
6 patterns 7 are
7 are 8 established
8 established 9 during
9 during 11 gestation
10 early 11 gestation
11 gestation 15 and
14 changed 15 and
15 and 16 personalized
15 and 17 by
15 and 19 factors
15 and 20 during
18 environmental 19 factors
20 during 22 lifetime
21 our 22 lifetime
24 epigenetic 25 mechanisms
25 mechanisms 26 are
26 are 28 important
27 quite 28 important
28 important 29 in
28 important 38 well
28 important 39 as
29 in 31 development
30 the 31 development
31 development 32 of
32 of 36 obesity
33 transgenerational 34 and
34 and 35 adult
34 and 36 obesity
37 as 38 well
39 as 40 in
40 in 42 development
41 the 42 development
42 development 43 of
43 of 45 mellitus
44 diabetes 45 mellitus

aging and cancer [demonstrate] profound genome - wide dna methylation changes , suggesting that nutrition may affect the aging process and cancer development through epigenetic mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 aging 2 and
2 and 6 genome
2 and 11 changes
3 cancer 6 genome
5 profound 6 genome
7 - 11 changes
8 wide 11 changes
9 dna 11 changes
10 methylation 11 changes
11 changes 12 ,
12 , 13 suggesting
12 , 17 affect
13 suggesting 15 nutrition
13 suggesting 16 may
14 that 15 nutrition
16 may 17 affect
17 affect 23 development
17 affect 24 through
18 the 20 process
19 aging 20 process
20 process 21 and
21 and 22 cancer
21 and 23 development
24 through 26 mechanisms
25 epigenetic 26 mechanisms

objective : motivational aspects , emotional factors , and cognition , all of which require intact cognitive functioning may be essential in sexual functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 9 and
3 motivational 4 aspects
4 aspects 5 ,
5 , 7 factors
5 , 9 and
6 emotional 7 factors
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 cognition
11 , 12 all
11 , 20 be
12 all 13 of
12 all 19 may
13 of 14 which
13 of 15 require
14 which 15 require
15 require 18 functioning
16 intact 18 functioning
17 cognitive 18 functioning
19 may 20 be
20 be 21 essential
21 essential 22 in
22 in 24 functioning
23 sexual 24 functioning

however , little is known about the association between cognitive functioning and sexual behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 9 between
6 about 8 association
7 the 8 association
9 between 12 and
10 cognitive 11 functioning
10 cognitive 12 and
12 and 14 behavior
13 sexual 14 behavior

the aim of this article is to review the current evidence for the influence of cognitive functioning on sexual behavior in normal aging and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 review
7 to 8 review
8 review 11 evidence
8 review 12 for
8 review 18 on
8 review 21 in
9 the 11 evidence
10 current 11 evidence
12 for 14 influence
13 the 14 influence
14 influence 15 of
15 of 17 functioning
16 cognitive 17 functioning
18 on 20 behavior
19 sexual 20 behavior
21 in 24 and
22 normal 23 aging
22 normal 24 and
24 and 25 dementia

methods : a systematic literature search was conducted in pubmed , ovid , cochrane , and psycinfo databases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 search
2 : 8 conducted
2 : 19 .
3 a 4 systematic
3 a 6 search
4 systematic 5 literature
5 literature 6 search
6 search 7 was
7 was 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 in
9 in 16 and
10 pubmed 11 ,
11 , 12 ovid
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 cochrane
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 databases
17 psycinfo 18 databases

the databases were searched for english language papers focusing on human studies published relating cognitive functioning to sexual behavior in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 databases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 databases
2 databases 3 were
3 were 4 searched
4 searched 5 for
4 searched 17 to
4 searched 20 in
5 for 8 papers
6 english 8 papers
7 language 8 papers
8 papers 9 focusing
8 papers 14 relating
9 focusing 10 on
10 on 12 studies
11 human 12 studies
12 studies 13 published
14 relating 16 functioning
15 cognitive 16 functioning
17 to 19 behavior
18 sexual 19 behavior
20 in 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 aging 23 population

keywords included sexual behavior , sexuality , cognitive functioning , healthy elderly , elderly , aging and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 keywords
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 keywords 2 included
2 included 4 behavior
3 sexual 4 behavior
4 behavior 6 sexuality
5 , 6 sexuality
6 sexuality 7 ,
7 , 17 and
8 cognitive 9 functioning
8 cognitive 10 ,
10 , 16 aging
10 , 17 and
11 healthy 16 aging
12 elderly 13 ,
12 elderly 16 aging
14 elderly 15 ,
14 elderly 16 aging
17 and 18 dementia

results : eight studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 5 fulfilled
2 : 9 .
3 eight 4 studies
4 studies 5 fulfilled
5 fulfilled 8 criteria
6 our 8 criteria
7 inclusion 8 criteria

of these studies , five included dementia patients [and/or] [their] partners , whereas only three studies included healthy older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 of 3 studies
1 of 12 ,
1 of 16 studies
2 these 3 studies
3 studies 11 partners
4 , 11 partners
5 five 11 partners
6 included 8 patients
7 dementia 8 patients
8 patients 11 partners
11 partners 12 ,
13 whereas 15 three
13 whereas 16 studies
14 only 15 three
16 studies 17 included
17 included 20 persons
18 healthy 20 persons
19 older 20 persons

[although] not consistently , results indicated a trend that older people who are not demented [and] continue to engage in sexual activity [have] better overall cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 not 5 results
2 not 6 indicated
3 consistently 4 ,
3 consistently 5 results
5 results 6 indicated
6 indicated 8 trend
6 indicated 20 in
7 a 8 trend
8 trend 9 that
8 trend 19 engage
9 that 11 people
9 that 17 continue
10 older 11 people
11 people 12 who
11 people 13 are
11 people 17 continue
12 who 13 are
13 are 14 not
13 are 15 demented
17 continue 18 to
17 continue 19 engage
18 to 19 engage
20 in 27 functioning
21 sexual 22 activity
22 activity 27 functioning
24 better 25 overall
25 overall 27 functioning
26 cognitive 27 functioning

cognitive [decline] and dementia seem to be associated with diminished sexual behavior in older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cognitive 3 and
3 and 4 dementia
3 and 5 seem
5 seem 6 to
5 seem 8 associated
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 13 in
9 with 12 behavior
10 diminished 12 behavior
11 sexual 12 behavior
13 in 15 persons
14 older 15 persons

conclusions : the association between cognitive functioning and sexual behavior in the aging population is understudied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 association
2 : 16 understudied
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 between
4 association 15 is
5 between 8 and
6 cognitive 7 functioning
6 cognitive 8 and
8 and 10 behavior
8 and 11 in
9 sexual 10 behavior
11 in 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 aging 14 population
15 is 16 understudied

the results found are inconclusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 found
2 results 4 are
4 are 5 inconclusive

[none] varicella - zoster virus ( vzv ) causes chickenpox after which the virus remains latent in neural ganglia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 varicella
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
3 - 4 zoster
4 zoster 5 virus
4 zoster 15 remains
4 zoster 16 latent
5 virus 7 vzv
5 virus 9 causes
6 ( 7 vzv
7 vzv 8 )
9 causes 10 chickenpox
9 causes 11 after
11 after 12 which
12 which 14 virus
12 which 15 remains
13 the 14 virus
14 virus 15 remains
16 latent 17 in
17 in 19 ganglia
18 neural 19 ganglia

subsequent reactivation episodes occur , leading mainly to subclinical detection of vzv , but also to the clinical entity herpes zoster . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 episodes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 subsequent 3 episodes
2 reactivation 3 episodes
3 episodes 4 occur
5 , 6 leading
5 , 20 herpes
6 leading 7 mainly
6 leading 20 herpes
7 mainly 14 but
8 to 10 detection
8 to 14 but
9 subclinical 10 detection
10 detection 11 of
11 of 12 vzv
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 also
14 but 16 to
16 to 19 entity
17 the 19 entity
18 clinical 19 entity
20 herpes 21 zoster

these reactivations are known to occur most frequently amongst immunocompromised individuals , but the incidence of herpes zoster is also known to increase with age , [supposedly] as a consequence of immunosenescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reactivations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 reactivations
2 reactivations 3 are
3 are 4 known
4 known 5 to
4 known 6 occur
5 to 6 occur
6 occur 8 frequently
6 occur 9 amongst
6 occur 13 but
6 occur 28 as
7 most 8 frequently
9 amongst 11 individuals
10 immunocompromised 11 individuals
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 incidence
13 but 26 ,
14 the 15 incidence
15 incidence 16 of
15 incidence 21 known
16 of 17 herpes
17 herpes 18 zoster
17 herpes 19 is
18 zoster 19 is
19 is 20 also
21 known 22 to
21 known 23 increase
22 to 23 increase
23 increase 24 with
24 with 25 age
28 as 30 consequence
29 a 30 consequence
30 consequence 31 of
31 of 32 immunosenescence

our analysis aims to explore associations between cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection and vzv reactivation by analyzing vzv - specific antibody titers as a function of age , gender , and [cmv] serostatus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 our 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 13 and
3 aims 16 by
4 to 5 explore
5 explore 6 associations
5 explore 7 between
7 between 8 cytomegalovirus
8 cytomegalovirus 10 cmv
9 ( 10 cmv
10 cmv 11 )
12 infection 13 and
13 and 15 reactivation
14 vzv 15 reactivation
16 by 17 analyzing
17 analyzing 31 and
18 vzv 22 titers
18 vzv 31 and
19 - 22 titers
20 specific 21 antibody
21 antibody 22 titers
22 titers 23 as
22 titers 26 of
22 titers 30 ,
23 as 25 function
24 a 25 function
26 of 27 age
27 age 29 gender
28 , 29 gender
29 gender 30 ,
31 and 33 serostatus

the analysis was repeated on measles and parvovirus b19 antibody titers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 repeated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 repeated
4 repeated 5 on
5 on 7 and
6 measles 7 and
7 and 11 titers
8 parvovirus 11 titers
9 b19 11 titers
10 antibody 11 titers

at the time of the observations , measles virus circulation was virtually eliminated , whereas parvovirus b19 circulated at lower levels than vzv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 b19
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 circulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 at 3 time
1 at 14 ,
1 at 17 b19
2 the 3 time
3 time 10 circulation
3 time 13 eliminated
4 of 6 observations
4 of 7 ,
4 of 10 circulation
5 the 6 observations
8 measles 10 circulation
9 virus 10 circulation
10 circulation 11 was
11 was 13 eliminated
12 virtually 13 eliminated
15 whereas 16 parvovirus
15 whereas 17 b19
17 b19 18 circulated
18 circulated 19 at
18 circulated 22 than
19 at 21 levels
20 lower 21 levels
22 than 23 vzv

multiple linear regression analyses , using the log - transformed antibody titers , identified a positive association between ageing and vzv antibody titers suggesting that ageing increasingly stimulates vzv reactivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 multiple 4 analyses
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 analyses
4 analyses 6 using
4 analyses 13 ,
5 , 6 using
6 using 8 log
6 using 9 -
7 the 8 log
10 transformed 12 titers
10 transformed 13 ,
11 antibody 12 titers
13 , 14 identified
14 identified 17 association
14 identified 18 between
15 a 17 association
16 positive 17 association
18 between 20 and
19 ageing 20 and
20 and 23 titers
20 and 24 suggesting
21 vzv 23 titers
22 antibody 23 titers
24 suggesting 25 that
25 that 26 ageing
25 that 28 stimulates
26 ageing 28 stimulates
27 increasingly 28 stimulates
28 stimulates 30 reactivation
29 vzv 30 reactivation

cmv [infection] further amplified the positive association between ageing and the reactivation rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cmv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 amplified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cmv 4 amplified
3 further 4 amplified
4 amplified 7 association
4 amplified 8 between
5 the 7 association
6 positive 7 association
8 between 10 and
9 ageing 10 and
10 and 13 rate
11 the 13 rate
12 reactivation 13 rate

a negative association between [cmv] infection and vzv antibody titers was found in young individuals , thereby supporting the hypothesis that [cmv] infection may have a negative effect on the number of b - cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
1 a 3 association
2 negative 3 association
3 association 4 between
3 association 11 was
4 between 7 and
6 infection 7 and
7 and 10 titers
8 vzv 10 titers
9 antibody 10 titers
11 was 12 found
12 found 13 in
12 found 18 supporting
13 in 15 individuals
14 young 15 individuals
16 , 18 supporting
17 thereby 18 supporting
18 supporting 20 hypothesis
18 supporting 36 .
19 the 20 hypothesis
20 hypothesis 21 that
21 that 23 infection
21 that 25 have
23 infection 24 may
24 may 25 have
25 have 28 effect
25 have 29 on
26 a 27 negative
26 a 28 effect
27 negative 28 effect
29 on 31 number
30 the 31 number
31 number 32 of
31 number 35 cells
32 of 33 b
34 - 35 cells
35 cells 36 .

however , no associations between cmv infection and measles or parvovirus b19 antibody titers occurred , but ageing tended to be associated with a decrease in the antibody titer against parvovirus b19 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 associations
3 no 4 associations
4 associations 5 between
4 associations 10 or
4 associations 14 titers
4 associations 15 occurred
5 between 6 cmv
7 infection 8 and
8 and 9 measles
8 and 10 or
10 or 13 antibody
10 or 14 titers
11 parvovirus 13 antibody
12 b19 13 antibody
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 ageing
17 but 19 tended
18 ageing 19 tended
19 tended 20 to
19 tended 22 associated
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
22 associated 29 titer
23 with 25 decrease
24 a 25 decrease
25 decrease 26 in
26 in 28 antibody
27 the 28 antibody
29 titer 30 against
30 against 32 b19
31 parvovirus 32 b19

the combined results thus suggest [that] both [cmv] - dependent and cmv - independent immunosenescence occurs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 the 3 results
2 combined 3 results
3 results 5 suggest
4 thus 5 suggest
5 suggest 7 both
9 - 10 dependent
9 - 11 and
9 - 16 occurs
9 - 17 .
11 and 12 cmv
11 and 13 -
12 cmv 13 -
13 - 15 immunosenescence
14 independent 15 immunosenescence
15 immunosenescence 16 occurs

this is supported by an in - depth analysis of vzv , measles and parvovirus b19 antibody titers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 supported
3 supported 4 by
4 by 6 in
5 an 6 in
7 - 14 and
7 - 19 .
8 depth 9 analysis
9 analysis 10 of
9 analysis 12 ,
10 of 11 vzv
12 , 13 measles
12 , 14 and
14 and 18 titers
15 parvovirus 18 titers
16 b19 18 titers
17 antibody 18 titers

context and objective : because it has been suggested that osteocalcin ( oc ) , an osteoblast - derived hormone , is a new link between bone and glucose metabolism , we tested whether serum carboxylated osteocalcin ( coc ) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin [(] ucoc ) levels are independently associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in subjects at high cardiovascular risk [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 context 2 and
2 and 3 objective
4 : 5 because
4 : 9 suggested
5 because 6 it
6 it 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 suggested
9 suggested 10 that
10 that 11 osteocalcin
10 that 21 ,
11 osteocalcin 13 oc
11 osteocalcin 17 osteoblast
11 osteocalcin 21 ,
12 ( 13 oc
13 oc 14 )
15 , 17 osteoblast
16 an 17 osteoblast
17 osteoblast 18 -
19 derived 20 hormone
19 derived 21 ,
21 , 22 is
21 , 26 between
22 is 25 link
23 a 24 new
23 a 25 link
24 new 25 link
26 between 28 and
27 bone 28 and
28 and 30 metabolism
28 and 31 ,
28 and 32 we
28 and 33 tested
29 glucose 30 metabolism
32 we 33 tested
33 tested 34 whether
34 whether 35 serum
34 whether 41 and
35 serum 41 and
36 carboxylated 37 osteocalcin
36 carboxylated 41 and
37 osteocalcin 39 coc
38 ( 39 coc
39 coc 40 )
41 and 42 undercarboxylated
41 and 51 with
42 undercarboxylated 43 osteocalcin
43 osteocalcin 47 levels
43 osteocalcin 48 are
43 osteocalcin 50 associated
45 ucoc 46 )
45 ucoc 47 levels
47 levels 48 are
49 independently 50 associated
51 with 53 development
52 the 53 development
53 development 54 of
54 of 57 diabetes
55 type 57 diabetes
56 2 57 diabetes
57 diabetes 58 in
58 in 59 subjects
59 subjects 60 at
60 at 63 risk
61 high 63 risk
62 cardiovascular 63 risk

design , setting , and participants : a prospective , [nested] case - control study was conducted using data from the prevención con dieta mediterránea ( predimed ) study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
5 and 6 participants
6 participants 7 :
7 : 12 case
8 a 9 prospective
8 a 12 case
9 prospective 10 ,
9 prospective 12 case
13 - 14 control
13 - 17 conducted
14 control 15 study
14 control 16 was
14 control 17 conducted
15 study 16 was
17 conducted 18 using
18 using 19 data
18 using 20 from
20 from 29 study
21 the 29 study
22 prevención 29 study
23 con 29 study
24 dieta 25 mediterránea
25 mediterránea 27 predimed
26 ( 27 predimed
27 predimed 28 )
27 predimed 29 study

we included 153 case subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes and 306 individually matched control subjects free of diabetes identified during a mean 5 - [year] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 we 2 included
2 included 5 subjects
2 included 6 with
3 153 4 case
4 case 5 subjects
6 with 9 diabetes
7 newly 8 diagnosed
8 diagnosed 9 diabetes
10 and 11 306
10 and 14 control
11 306 13 matched
11 306 14 control
12 individually 13 matched
14 control 15 subjects
15 subjects 16 free
16 free 17 of
16 free 20 during
17 of 18 diabetes
18 diabetes 19 identified
20 during 22 mean
21 a 22 mean
22 mean 23 5
23 5 24 -
24 - 26 follow
26 follow 28 up
27 - 28 up
28 up 29 .

conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate matched odds ratios for incident diabetes according to categories of both forms of oc measured by elisas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conditional 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 models
3 regression 5 were
3 regression 6 used
4 models 5 were
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 estimate
7 to 8 estimate
8 estimate 11 ratios
8 estimate 12 for
8 estimate 16 to
9 matched 10 odds
10 odds 11 ratios
12 for 14 diabetes
13 incident 14 diabetes
15 according 16 to
16 to 17 categories
17 categories 18 of
17 categories 21 of
17 categories 23 measured
18 of 20 forms
19 both 20 forms
21 of 22 oc
23 measured 24 by
24 by 25 elisas

results : baseline serum concentrations of both forms of oc were significantly lower in case subjects than in control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 concentrations
2 : 11 were
2 : 21 .
3 baseline 5 concentrations
4 serum 5 concentrations
5 concentrations 6 of
5 concentrations 11 were
6 of 8 forms
7 both 8 forms
8 forms 9 of
9 of 10 oc
11 were 13 lower
12 significantly 13 lower
13 lower 14 in
13 lower 17 than
14 in 16 subjects
15 case 16 subjects
17 than 18 in
18 in 20 subjects
19 control 20 subjects

in subjects with incident cases of diabetes , concentrations of coc , [but] not of ucoc , were inversely and significantly associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels ( β [=] - 0.335 ) [and] with fasting glucose concentrations ( β [=] - 0.044 ) in control subjects , independent of other relevant confounders . 
1 in 2 subjects
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 concentrations
2 subjects 3 with
3 with 5 cases
4 incident 5 cases
5 cases 6 of
6 of 7 diabetes
9 concentrations 10 of
9 concentrations 15 of
9 concentrations 20 and
10 of 11 coc
12 , 14 not
12 , 15 of
15 of 16 ucoc
15 of 17 ,
18 were 19 inversely
18 were 20 and
20 and 22 associated
20 and 23 with
20 and 26 assessment
21 significantly 22 associated
23 with 24 homeostasis
25 model 26 assessment
26 assessment 27 of
26 assessment 29 resistance
26 assessment 30 levels
27 of 28 insulin
29 resistance 30 levels
30 levels 34 -
30 levels 38 with
31 ( 34 -
32 β 34 -
34 - 35 0.335
34 - 36 )
38 with 39 fasting
39 fasting 41 concentrations
39 fasting 45 -
39 fasting 48 in
40 glucose 41 concentrations
42 ( 45 -
43 β 45 -
45 - 46 0.044
45 - 47 )
48 in 50 subjects
49 control 50 subjects
50 subjects 52 independent
51 , 52 independent
52 independent 53 of
52 independent 57 .
53 of 56 confounders
54 other 56 confounders
55 relevant 56 confounders

in the conditional logistic model that took into account the matching factors , the odds ratios for diabetes [incidence] in the lowest vs the highest tertile of coc and ucoc were 2.03 ( 95 % confidence [interval] , 1.32 - 3.13 [ )(and 1.88 ( 1.23 - 2.85 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 in 5 model
1 in 13 ,
1 in 16 ratios
2 the 5 model
3 conditional 4 logistic
4 logistic 5 model
5 model 6 that
5 model 7 took
6 that 7 took
7 took 9 account
7 took 12 factors
8 into 9 account
10 the 12 factors
11 matching 12 factors
14 the 16 ratios
15 odds 16 ratios
16 ratios 17 for
16 ratios 31 were
17 for 18 diabetes
18 diabetes 20 in
18 diabetes 23 vs
20 in 22 lowest
21 the 22 lowest
23 vs 29 and
24 the 25 highest
24 the 26 tertile
26 tertile 27 of
26 tertile 29 and
27 of 28 coc
29 and 30 ucoc
31 were 32 2.03
31 were 51 respectively
32 2.03 36 confidence
33 ( 36 confidence
34 95 35 %
35 % 36 confidence
36 confidence 40 -
36 confidence 50 ,
38 , 40 -
39 1.32 40 -
40 - 43 )(and
40 - 50 ,
41 3.13 43 )(and
43 )(and 44 1.88
43 )(and 46 1.23
43 )(and 48 2.85
45 ( 46 1.23
46 1.23 47 -
47 - 48 2.85
48 2.85 49 )

further adjustment for family history of diabetes , lifestyle , and other confounding factors did not appreciably change the magnitude of these associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 further 2 adjustment
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 8 ,
3 for 5 history
4 family 5 history
5 history 6 of
6 of 7 diabetes
8 , 9 lifestyle
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 other
11 and 13 confounding
11 and 15 did
13 confounding 14 factors
15 did 16 not
15 did 18 change
17 appreciably 18 change
18 change 20 magnitude
19 the 20 magnitude
20 magnitude 21 of
21 of 23 associations
22 these 23 associations

conclusion : in a population at high cardiovascular risk , low concentrations of serum coc and ucoc were strongly associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 population
4 a 5 population
5 population 6 at
6 at 9 risk
7 high 9 risk
8 cardiovascular 9 risk
10 , 11 low
11 low 12 concentrations
11 low 21 with
12 concentrations 13 of
12 concentrations 20 associated
13 of 14 serum
14 serum 16 and
14 serum 18 were
15 coc 16 and
16 and 17 ucoc
16 and 18 were
18 were 19 strongly
21 with 24 risk
22 an 24 risk
23 increased 24 risk
24 risk 25 of
25 of 27 diabetes
26 incident 27 diabetes

traditional methods of aging adult skeletons suffer from the problem of age mimicry of the reference collection , as described by bocquet - appel and masset ( 1982 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suffer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 traditional 2 methods
2 methods 3 of
2 methods 7 suffer
3 of 4 aging
4 aging 6 skeletons
5 adult 6 skeletons
7 suffer 8 from
7 suffer 21 by
8 from 10 problem
9 the 10 problem
10 problem 11 of
10 problem 14 of
11 of 13 mimicry
12 age 13 mimicry
14 of 17 collection
15 the 17 collection
16 reference 17 collection
17 collection 20 described
18 , 20 described
19 as 20 described
21 by 22 bocquet
22 bocquet 25 and
23 - 25 and
24 appel 25 and
25 and 26 masset
25 and 28 1982
25 and 29 )
27 ( 28 1982
28 1982 29 )

transition analysis ( boldsen et al . , 2002 ) is a method of aging adult skeletons that addresses the problem of age mimicry of the reference collection by allowing users to select an appropriate prior probability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 transition 2 analysis
2 analysis 6 al
2 analysis 11 is
3 ( 6 al
4 boldsen 6 al
5 et 6 al
6 al 7 .
6 al 9 2002
6 al 10 )
8 , 9 2002
9 2002 10 )
11 is 13 method
12 a 13 method
13 method 14 of
13 method 18 that
13 method 19 addresses
14 of 15 aging
15 aging 17 skeletons
16 adult 17 skeletons
18 that 19 addresses
19 addresses 21 problem
19 addresses 29 by
20 the 21 problem
21 problem 22 of
22 of 24 mimicry
23 age 24 mimicry
24 mimicry 25 of
25 of 28 collection
26 the 28 collection
27 reference 28 collection
29 by 30 allowing
30 allowing 31 users
30 allowing 32 to
30 allowing 33 select
32 to 33 select
33 select 37 probability
34 an 37 probability
35 appropriate 36 prior
36 prior 37 probability

in order to evaluate whether transition analysis results in significantly different age estimates for adults , the method was applied to skeletal collections from postclassic cholula and contact - period xochimilco . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 18 method
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 5 whether
4 evaluate 9 in
5 whether 7 analysis
5 whether 8 results
6 transition 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 results
9 in 13 estimates
10 significantly 11 different
11 different 12 age
12 age 13 estimates
14 for 15 adults
14 for 16 ,
14 for 18 method
17 the 18 method
18 method 19 was
19 was 20 applied
20 applied 21 to
20 applied 24 from
21 to 23 collections
22 skeletal 23 collections
24 from 28 contact
25 postclassic 26 cholula
26 cholula 27 and
27 and 28 contact
29 - 31 xochimilco
30 period 31 xochimilco

the resulting age - at [-] death distributions were then compared with age - at [-] death distributions for the two populations constructed using traditional aging methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 the 3 age
2 resulting 3 age
4 - 8 distributions
4 - 11 compared
5 at 7 death
5 at 8 distributions
8 distributions 9 were
9 were 10 then
9 were 11 compared
11 compared 12 with
11 compared 15 at
12 with 13 age
14 - 15 at
15 at 18 distributions
15 at 28 .
17 death 18 distributions
18 distributions 19 for
18 distributions 23 constructed
18 distributions 24 using
19 for 22 populations
20 the 21 two
21 two 22 populations
24 using 27 methods
25 traditional 27 methods
26 aging 27 methods

understanding aging and how it affects an organism 's lifespan is a fundamental problem in biology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 lifespan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 understanding 2 aging
1 understanding 3 and
3 and 4 how
3 and 5 it
3 and 6 affects
3 and 10 lifespan
5 it 6 affects
6 affects 9 's
7 an 8 organism
8 organism 9 's
10 lifespan 11 is
11 is 14 problem
12 a 13 fundamental
12 a 14 problem
13 fundamental 14 problem
14 problem 15 in
15 in 16 biology

a hallmark of aging is stem cell senescence , the decline of functionality , and number of somatic stem cells , resulting in an impaired regenerative capacity and reduced tissue function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hallmark
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 2 hallmark
2 hallmark 3 of
2 hallmark 5 is
3 of 4 aging
5 is 15 and
6 stem 8 senescence
7 cell 8 senescence
8 senescence 9 ,
9 , 11 decline
9 , 15 and
10 the 11 decline
11 decline 12 of
12 of 13 functionality
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 number
15 and 21 ,
15 and 22 resulting
15 and 23 in
16 number 17 of
17 of 20 cells
18 somatic 19 stem
19 stem 20 cells
23 in 28 and
24 an 27 capacity
25 impaired 27 capacity
26 regenerative 27 capacity
27 capacity 28 and
28 and 31 function
29 reduced 30 tissue
30 tissue 31 function

in addition , aging is characterized by profound remodeling of the immune system and a quantitative decline of adequate immune responses , a phenomenon referred to as immune - senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 aging
4 aging 5 is
5 is 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 9 remodeling
8 profound 9 remodeling
9 remodeling 10 of
9 remodeling 18 of
10 of 14 and
11 the 13 system
12 immune 13 system
13 system 14 and
14 and 17 decline
15 a 16 quantitative
15 a 17 decline
16 quantitative 17 decline
18 of 21 responses
19 adequate 21 responses
20 immune 21 responses
22 , 24 phenomenon
22 , 25 referred
23 a 24 phenomenon
24 phenomenon 25 referred
25 referred 26 to
26 to 30 senescence
27 as 28 immune
28 immune 29 -
28 immune 30 senescence

[yet] [,] what is causing stem cell [and] immune - senescence ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 what
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ?
3 what 4 is
4 is 5 causing
5 causing 11 senescence
6 stem 11 senescence
7 cell 11 senescence
9 immune 10 -
9 immune 11 senescence

this review discusses experimental studies of potentially immortal hydra which have made contributions to answering this question . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 discusses
3 discusses 5 studies
4 experimental 5 studies
5 studies 6 of
5 studies 10 which
5 studies 11 have
6 of 9 hydra
7 potentially 8 immortal
8 immortal 9 hydra
10 which 11 have
11 have 12 made
12 made 13 contributions
12 made 14 to
14 to 15 answering
15 answering 17 question
16 this 17 question

hydra transcription factor foxo has been shown to modulate both stem cell proliferation [and] innate immunity , lending strong support to a role [of] foxo as critical rate - [of] - aging regulator [from] hydra [to] human . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 foxo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 hydra 3 factor
2 transcription 3 factor
3 factor 4 foxo
4 foxo 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 shown
7 shown 8 to
7 shown 16 immunity
7 shown 18 lending
8 to 9 modulate
9 modulate 10 both
11 stem 16 immunity
12 cell 13 proliferation
13 proliferation 16 immunity
15 innate 16 immunity
17 , 18 lending
18 lending 20 support
18 lending 21 to
18 lending 29 -
19 strong 20 support
21 to 28 rate
22 a 28 rate
23 role 28 rate
25 foxo 28 rate
26 as 27 critical
27 critical 28 rate
31 - 37 human
31 - 38 .
32 aging 33 regulator
33 regulator 37 human
35 hydra 37 human

constructing a model of how foxo responds to diverse environmental factors provides a framework for [how] stem cell factors might contribute to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 constructing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 constructing 3 model
1 constructing 12 provides
2 a 3 model
3 model 4 of
4 of 5 how
5 how 6 foxo
5 how 7 responds
6 foxo 7 responds
7 responds 8 to
8 to 11 factors
9 diverse 11 factors
10 environmental 11 factors
12 provides 14 framework
12 provides 15 for
13 a 14 framework
15 for 19 factors
17 stem 19 factors
18 cell 19 factors
19 factors 20 might
20 might 21 contribute
21 contribute 22 to
22 to 23 aging

recent reports from pulmonary arterial [hypertension] ( pah ) registries suggest that the mean age at diagnosis is increasing , outlining a growing proportion of elderly male patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 suggest
1 recent 2 reports
2 reports 3 from
2 reports 11 suggest
3 from 10 registries
4 pulmonary 10 registries
5 arterial 8 pah
5 arterial 10 registries
7 ( 8 pah
8 pah 9 )
11 suggest 12 that
12 that 15 age
12 that 18 is
13 the 15 age
14 mean 15 age
15 age 16 at
15 age 18 is
16 at 17 diagnosis
18 is 19 increasing
19 increasing 21 outlining
20 , 21 outlining
21 outlining 24 proportion
21 outlining 29 .
22 a 24 proportion
23 growing 24 proportion
24 proportion 25 of
25 of 28 patients
26 elderly 28 patients
27 male 28 patients

as a consequence , the classical description of the disease is shifting and [may] no more be described as a rare disease typically affecting young women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 description
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 as 3 consequence
1 as 4 ,
1 as 7 description
2 a 3 consequence
5 the 7 description
6 classical 7 description
7 description 8 of
7 description 11 is
8 of 10 disease
9 the 10 disease
11 is 12 shifting
13 and 16 more
13 and 18 described
15 no 16 more
16 more 17 be
17 be 18 described
18 described 19 as
19 as 22 disease
20 a 21 rare
20 a 22 disease
21 rare 22 disease
22 disease 24 affecting
23 typically 24 affecting
24 affecting 26 women
25 young 26 women

potential explanations of this changing picture may include an aging of populations in western countries , the increase in life expectancy and the growing awareness of pah and emergence of potential efficient treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explanations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 include
1 potential 2 explanations
2 explanations 3 of
2 explanations 7 may
3 of 6 picture
4 this 6 picture
5 changing 6 picture
7 may 8 include
8 include 10 aging
9 an 10 aging
10 aging 11 of
10 aging 13 in
11 of 12 populations
13 in 15 countries
14 western 15 countries
15 countries 28 and
16 , 28 and
17 the 18 increase
18 increase 19 in
18 increase 22 and
19 in 21 expectancy
20 life 21 expectancy
22 and 25 awareness
22 and 26 of
22 and 28 and
23 the 25 awareness
24 growing 25 awareness
26 of 27 pah
28 and 29 emergence
28 and 30 of
28 and 34 .
30 of 33 treatments
31 potential 33 treatments
32 efficient 33 treatments

diagnostic workup of severe pulmonary hypertension [(] ph [ )(in the elderly should be performed in such a way as to discriminate between the expected consequences of aging , pulmonary vascular disease , and other frequent causes of secondary ph ( left heart failure or lung disease ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 diagnostic 2 workup
2 workup 3 of
2 workup 13 should
3 of 8 ph
4 severe 6 hypertension
5 pulmonary 6 hypertension
6 hypertension 8 ph
8 ph 10 )(in
10 )(in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly
13 should 14 be
14 be 15 performed
15 performed 16 in
15 performed 20 as
16 in 19 way
17 such 18 a
18 a 19 way
20 as 21 to
21 to 22 discriminate
22 discriminate 23 between
23 between 34 and
24 the 26 consequences
25 expected 26 consequences
26 consequences 27 of
26 consequences 29 ,
27 of 28 aging
29 , 32 disease
29 , 34 and
30 pulmonary 32 disease
31 vascular 32 disease
33 , 34 and
34 and 37 causes
34 and 38 of
35 other 37 causes
36 frequent 37 causes
38 of 40 ph
39 secondary 40 ph
40 ph 45 or
41 ( 45 or
42 left 44 failure
43 heart 44 failure
44 failure 45 or
45 or 47 disease
45 or 48 )
46 lung 47 disease

careful exploration by right heart catheterization is mandatory , but special attention should be paid to several pitfalls specific to this procedure in this age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 careful 2 exploration
1 careful 7 is
1 careful 10 but
2 exploration 3 by
2 exploration 7 is
3 by 6 catheterization
4 right 6 catheterization
5 heart 6 catheterization
7 is 8 mandatory
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 special
10 but 12 attention
12 attention 13 should
13 should 14 be
14 be 15 paid
15 paid 16 to
15 paid 23 in
16 to 18 pitfalls
17 several 18 pitfalls
18 pitfalls 19 specific
19 specific 20 to
20 to 22 procedure
21 this 22 procedure
23 in 26 group
24 this 26 group
25 age 26 group

this is a matter of concern as clinical trials that aim to study new specific drug therapy for pah might be biased by the inclusion of misdiagnosed patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 matter
3 a 4 matter
4 matter 5 of
5 of 6 concern
6 concern 7 as
6 concern 10 that
7 as 9 trials
8 clinical 9 trials
10 that 11 aim
10 that 22 biased
11 aim 12 to
11 aim 13 study
11 aim 20 might
12 to 13 study
13 study 17 therapy
13 study 18 for
14 new 16 drug
15 specific 16 drug
16 drug 17 therapy
18 for 19 pah
20 might 21 be
21 be 22 biased
22 biased 23 by
23 by 25 inclusion
24 the 25 inclusion
25 inclusion 26 of
26 of 28 patients
27 misdiagnosed 28 patients

the aim of this review is to highlight the main difficulties in diagnosing pah in the elderly and to propose a practical approach to distinguish pah from the other frequent causes of ph in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 distinguish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 18 and
7 to 18 and
8 highlight 11 difficulties
8 highlight 12 in
8 highlight 15 in
8 highlight 18 and
9 the 10 main
9 the 11 difficulties
12 in 13 diagnosing
13 diagnosing 14 pah
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 and 19 to
18 and 20 propose
19 to 20 propose
20 propose 23 approach
20 propose 24 to
21 a 22 practical
21 a 23 approach
22 practical 23 approach
24 to 25 distinguish
25 distinguish 26 pah
26 pah 27 from
27 from 31 causes
28 the 29 other
29 other 31 causes
30 frequent 31 causes
31 causes 32 of
32 of 33 ph
33 ph 34 in
34 in 36 population
35 this 36 population

sirtuins are a conserved family of deacetylases whose activities are dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad+ ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 sirtuins 2 are
2 are 5 family
3 a 5 family
4 conserved 5 family
5 family 6 of
6 of 7 deacetylases
7 deacetylases 8 whose
8 whose 9 activities
9 activities 10 are
10 are 11 dependent
11 dependent 12 on
12 on 15 dinucleotide
13 nicotinamide 15 dinucleotide
14 adenine 15 dinucleotide
15 dinucleotide 17 nad+
16 ( 17 nad+
17 nad+ 18 )

sirtuins act in different cellular compartments , such as the nucleus where they deacetylate histones and transcriptional factors , in the cytoplasm where they modulate cytoskeletal and signaling molecules , and in the mitochondria where they engage components of the metabolic machinery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 act
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 sirtuins 2 act
2 act 3 in
2 act 9 as
2 act 31 and
2 act 35 where
3 in 6 compartments
4 different 6 compartments
5 cellular 6 compartments
7 , 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 16 and
9 as 19 ,
10 the 11 nucleus
11 nucleus 12 where
11 nucleus 16 and
12 where 13 they
12 where 14 deacetylate
13 they 14 deacetylate
14 deacetylate 15 histones
16 and 18 factors
17 transcriptional 18 factors
20 in 22 cytoplasm
20 in 31 and
21 the 22 cytoplasm
22 cytoplasm 23 where
23 where 24 they
23 where 25 modulate
24 they 25 modulate
25 modulate 27 and
26 cytoskeletal 27 and
27 and 29 molecules
28 signaling 29 molecules
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 in
32 in 34 mitochondria
33 the 34 mitochondria
35 where 36 they
35 where 37 engage
36 they 37 engage
37 engage 38 components
38 components 39 of
39 of 42 machinery
40 the 42 machinery
41 metabolic 42 machinery

collectively , they tune metabolic processes to energy availability , and modulate stress responses , protein aggregation , inflammatory processes , and genome stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 3 they
3 they 11 and
4 tune 6 processes
4 tune 7 to
4 tune 11 and
5 metabolic 6 processes
7 to 9 availability
8 energy 9 availability
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 modulate
11 and 22 and
12 modulate 13 stress
14 responses 15 ,
15 , 17 aggregation
15 , 18 ,
16 protein 17 aggregation
18 , 20 processes
18 , 22 and
19 inflammatory 20 processes
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 stability
23 genome 24 stability

as [such] [,] they have garnered much interest [and] have been widely studied in aging and age - related neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 as 4 they
1 as 6 garnered
1 as 16 and
4 they 5 have
5 have 6 garnered
6 garnered 8 interest
7 much 8 interest
10 have 11 been
10 have 16 and
11 been 12 widely
11 been 13 studied
13 studied 14 in
14 in 15 aging
16 and 17 age
18 - 19 related
19 related 20 neurodegeneration

in this chapter , we review the identification of sirtuins and their biological targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 chapter
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 chapter
5 we 6 review
6 review 8 identification
7 the 8 identification
8 identification 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 sirtuins 11 and
11 and 14 targets
12 their 14 targets
13 biological 14 targets

we focus on their biological mechanisms of action and how they might be regulated , including via nad metabolism , transcriptional and posttranscriptional control , [and] as targets of pharmacological agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focus
1 we 2 focus
2 focus 3 on
2 focus 16 including
2 focus 27 as
3 on 6 mechanisms
4 their 6 mechanisms
5 biological 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 of
6 mechanisms 11 they
6 mechanisms 13 be
6 mechanisms 14 regulated
7 of 9 and
8 action 9 and
9 and 10 how
11 they 12 might
12 might 13 be
15 , 16 including
16 including 17 via
16 including 19 metabolism
16 including 25 ,
17 via 18 nad
19 metabolism 24 control
20 , 24 control
21 transcriptional 22 and
22 and 23 posttranscriptional
22 and 24 control
24 control 25 ,
25 , 27 as
27 as 28 targets
27 as 32 .
28 targets 29 of
29 of 31 agents
30 pharmacological 31 agents

lastly , we highlight the numerous studies suggesting that sirtuins are efficacious therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disease and injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 lastly 2 ,
1 lastly 3 we
3 we 4 highlight
4 highlight 7 studies
4 highlight 15 in
5 the 7 studies
6 numerous 7 studies
7 studies 8 suggesting
8 suggesting 9 that
9 that 10 sirtuins
9 that 11 are
10 sirtuins 11 are
11 are 14 targets
12 efficacious 14 targets
13 therapeutic 14 targets
15 in 18 and
16 neurodegenerative 17 disease
17 disease 18 and
18 and 19 injury

to identify genes that promote facial skin youthfulness ( sy ) , a genome - wide association study on an ashkenazi jewish discovery group ( n=428 ) was performed using affymetrix 6.0 single - nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) array . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 to 2 identify
2 identify 3 genes
3 genes 4 that
3 genes 5 promote
3 genes 10 sy
4 that 5 promote
5 promote 8 youthfulness
6 facial 7 skin
7 skin 8 youthfulness
9 ( 10 sy
10 sy 11 )
12 , 14 genome
12 , 29 performed
12 , 34 -
13 a 14 genome
14 genome 18 study
14 genome 28 was
15 - 18 study
16 wide 17 association
17 association 18 study
18 study 19 on
18 study 26 n=428
18 study 27 )
19 on 24 group
20 an 24 group
21 ashkenazi 24 group
22 jewish 24 group
23 discovery 24 group
25 ( 26 n=428
26 n=428 27 )
28 was 29 performed
29 performed 30 using
30 using 33 single
31 affymetrix 32 6.0
31 affymetrix 33 single
34 - 40 array
35 nucleotide 36 polymorphism
36 polymorphism 38 snp
37 ( 38 snp
38 snp 39 )
38 snp 40 array

after snp quality controls , 901,470 snps remained for analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 after 4 controls
1 after 5 ,
1 after 7 snps
2 snp 4 controls
3 quality 4 controls
6 901,470 7 snps
7 snps 8 remained
8 remained 9 for
9 for 10 analysis

the eigenstrat method showed no stratification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 3 method
2 eigenstrat 3 method
3 method 4 showed
4 showed 6 stratification
5 no 6 stratification

cases and controls were identified by global facial skin aging severity including intrinsic and extrinsic parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cases 2 and
2 and 3 controls
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 identified
5 identified 6 by
6 by 9 skin
7 global 9 skin
8 facial 9 skin
9 skin 10 aging
9 skin 12 including
10 aging 11 severity
12 including 16 parameters
13 intrinsic 14 and
14 and 15 extrinsic
14 and 16 parameters

linear regression adjusted for age and gender , with no significant differences in smoking history , body mass index , menopausal status , or personal or family history of centenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 linear 2 regression
2 regression 3 adjusted
2 regression 4 for
2 regression 6 and
4 for 5 age
6 and 7 gender
6 and 9 with
8 , 9 with
9 with 12 differences
9 with 16 ,
10 no 12 differences
11 significant 12 differences
12 differences 13 in
13 in 14 smoking
14 smoking 15 history
16 , 19 index
16 , 20 ,
17 body 19 index
18 mass 19 index
20 , 26 or
21 menopausal 22 status
22 status 24 or
23 , 24 or
24 or 25 personal
24 or 26 or
26 or 28 history
26 or 29 of
27 family 28 history
29 of 30 centenarians

six snps met the bonferroni threshold with pallele<10 ( - 8 ) ; two of these six had pgenotype<10 ( - 8 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 six 2 snps
2 snps 3 met
3 met 6 threshold
3 met 7 with
4 the 6 threshold
5 bonferroni 6 threshold
7 with 8 pallele<10
8 pallele<10 11 8
9 ( 11 8
10 - 11 8
11 8 12 )
13 ; 14 two
13 ; 18 had
14 two 15 of
14 two 18 had
15 of 17 six
16 these 17 six
18 had 19 pgenotype<10
19 pgenotype<10 22 8
20 ( 22 8
21 - 22 8
22 8 23 )

quantitative trait loci mapping confirmed linkage disequilibrium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 disequilibrium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 quantitative 2 trait
2 trait 5 confirmed
3 loci 5 confirmed
4 mapping 5 confirmed
5 confirmed 6 linkage
6 linkage 7 disequilibrium

the six snps were interrogated by massarray in a replication group ( n=436 ) with confirmation of rs6975107 , an intronic region of kcnd2 ( potassium voltage - gated [channel] , shal - related family member 2 ) ( pgenotype=0.023 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interrogated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 six
2 six 3 snps
3 snps 4 were
4 were 5 interrogated
5 interrogated 6 by
5 interrogated 8 in
5 interrogated 15 with
6 by 7 massarray
8 in 11 group
9 a 11 group
10 replication 11 group
11 group 13 n=436
12 ( 13 n=436
13 n=436 14 )
15 with 16 confirmation
16 confirmation 17 of
17 of 18 rs6975107
18 rs6975107 22 region
18 rs6975107 32 shal
19 , 22 region
20 an 22 region
21 intronic 22 region
22 region 23 of
22 region 27 voltage
22 region 29 gated
22 region 31 ,
23 of 24 kcnd2
25 ( 27 voltage
26 potassium 27 voltage
27 voltage 28 -
28 - 29 gated
29 gated 31 ,
31 , 32 shal
32 shal 36 member
32 shal 40 pgenotype=0.023
32 shal 41 )
33 - 36 member
34 related 35 family
35 family 36 member
36 member 37 2
36 member 38 )
39 ( 40 pgenotype=0.023
40 pgenotype=0.023 41 )

a second replication group ( n=371 ) confirmed rs318125 , downstream of diaph2 ( diaphanous homolog 2 ( drosophila ) ) ( pallele=0.010 , pgenotype=0.002 ) and rs7616661 , downstream of edem1 ( er degradation enhancer , mannosidase α - like 1 ) ( pgenotype=0.042 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 a 4 group
2 second 4 group
3 replication 4 group
4 group 6 n=371
4 group 8 confirmed
5 ( 6 n=371
6 n=371 7 )
8 confirmed 9 rs318125
8 confirmed 11 downstream
10 , 11 downstream
11 downstream 12 of
11 downstream 46 )
12 of 13 diaph2
13 diaph2 16 homolog
13 diaph2 27 and
14 ( 16 homolog
15 diaphanous 16 homolog
16 homolog 17 2
16 homolog 19 drosophila
16 homolog 21 )
18 ( 19 drosophila
19 drosophila 20 )
22 ( 27 and
23 pallele=0.010 25 pgenotype=0.002
23 pallele=0.010 27 and
24 , 25 pgenotype=0.002
25 pgenotype=0.002 26 )
27 and 28 rs7616661
27 and 30 downstream
27 and 39 α
27 and 46 )
29 , 30 downstream
30 downstream 31 of
30 downstream 37 ,
31 of 32 edem1
32 edem1 36 enhancer
33 ( 36 enhancer
34 er 36 enhancer
35 degradation 36 enhancer
36 enhancer 37 ,
37 , 39 α
38 mannosidase 39 α
39 α 41 like
39 α 45 pgenotype=0.042
39 α 46 )
40 - 41 like
41 like 42 1
41 like 43 )
44 ( 45 pgenotype=0.042
45 pgenotype=0.042 46 )

diaph2 has been associated with premature ovarian insufficiency , an aging phenotype in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diaph2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
1 diaph2 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 insufficiency
6 premature 8 insufficiency
7 ovarian 8 insufficiency
8 insufficiency 12 phenotype
9 , 12 phenotype
10 an 12 phenotype
11 aging 12 phenotype
12 phenotype 13 in
12 phenotype 15 .
13 in 14 humans

edem1 associates with lifespan in animal models , [although] not humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 edem1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associates
1 edem1 2 associates
2 associates 3 with
2 associates 5 in
3 with 4 lifespan
5 in 7 models
6 animal 7 models
7 models 11 humans
8 , 10 not
8 , 11 humans
11 humans 12 .

kcnd2 is expressed in human skin , but has not been associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 kcnd2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 kcnd2 8 but
2 is 3 expressed
2 is 8 but
3 expressed 4 in
4 in 6 skin
5 human 6 skin
7 , 8 but
8 but 9 has
9 has 10 not
9 has 11 been
11 been 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 aging

these genes represent new candidate genes to study the molecular basis of healthy skin aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 genes
2 genes 3 represent
3 represent 6 genes
3 represent 7 to
4 new 5 candidate
5 candidate 6 genes
7 to 8 study
8 study 11 basis
9 the 11 basis
10 molecular 11 basis
11 basis 12 of
12 of 14 skin
13 healthy 14 skin
14 skin 15 aging

the tp53 gene encodes 12 distinct isoforms , some of which can alter p53 activity in the absence of genomic alteration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 encodes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 gene
2 tp53 3 gene
3 gene 4 encodes
4 encodes 7 isoforms
5 12 7 isoforms
6 distinct 7 isoforms
8 , 9 some
8 , 14 p53
9 some 10 of
9 some 14 p53
10 of 11 which
11 which 12 can
12 can 13 alter
14 p53 15 activity
14 p53 16 in
16 in 18 absence
17 the 18 absence
18 absence 19 of
19 of 21 alteration
20 genomic 21 alteration

endogenous p53 isoforms have been identified in cancers ; however , the function of these isoforms remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 isoforms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 endogenous 3 isoforms
2 p53 3 isoforms
3 isoforms 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 identified
6 identified 7 in
7 in 8 cancers
9 ; 13 function
9 ; 17 remains
10 however 11 ,
10 however 13 function
12 the 13 function
13 function 14 of
13 function 17 remains
14 of 16 isoforms
15 these 16 isoforms
17 remains 18 unclear

in melanoma , the frequency of tp53 mutations is relatively low compared with other cancers , suggesting that these isoforms may have a larger role in regulating tp53 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 compared
1 in 2 melanoma
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 frequency
4 the 5 frequency
5 frequency 6 of
5 frequency 9 is
6 of 8 mutations
7 tp53 8 mutations
9 is 11 low
9 is 12 compared
10 relatively 11 low
12 compared 13 with
13 with 15 cancers
14 other 15 cancers
15 cancers 17 suggesting
16 , 17 suggesting
17 suggesting 18 that
17 suggesting 30 .
18 that 20 isoforms
18 that 22 have
19 these 20 isoforms
20 isoforms 21 may
21 may 22 have
22 have 25 role
22 have 26 in
23 a 25 role
24 larger 25 role
26 in 27 regulating
27 regulating 29 activity
28 tp53 29 activity

we hypothesized that p53 function and therefore cell fate might be altered by the presence of δ40p53 , an embryonic isoform missing the first 40 n - terminal amino acids of the full - length protein including the transactivation and mdm2 - binding domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 5 function
3 that 5 function
4 p53 5 function
6 and 7 therefore
6 and 9 fate
6 and 12 altered
8 cell 9 fate
9 fate 10 might
10 might 11 be
11 be 12 altered
12 altered 13 by
13 by 15 presence
14 the 15 presence
15 presence 16 of
15 presence 31 of
16 of 30 acids
17 δ40p53 21 isoform
17 δ40p53 28 terminal
18 , 21 isoform
19 an 21 isoform
20 embryonic 21 isoform
21 isoform 22 missing
21 isoform 27 -
22 missing 26 n
23 the 24 first
23 the 26 n
25 40 26 n
28 terminal 29 amino
29 amino 30 acids
31 of 36 protein
32 the 36 protein
33 full 34 -
33 full 36 protein
35 length 36 protein
36 protein 37 including
36 protein 43 binding
37 including 40 and
38 the 40 and
39 transactivation 40 and
40 and 41 mdm2
40 and 42 -
43 binding 44 domains

to test this hypothesis , [we] transduced tumor and normal cells with a lentivirus encoding δ40p53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 9 and
2 test 12 with
3 this 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 ,
5 , 8 tumor
5 , 9 and
7 transduced 8 tumor
9 and 11 cells
10 normal 11 cells
12 with 14 lentivirus
13 a 14 lentivirus
14 lentivirus 15 encoding
15 encoding 16 δ40p53

we found that exogenous δ40p53 caused apoptosis and increased the levels of endogenous , activated p53 in both cancerous and [non] [-] cancerous cells , which led to significant levels of cell death , particularly in cancer cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 δ40p53
2 found 17 in
2 found 35 particularly
3 that 4 exogenous
4 exogenous 5 δ40p53
5 δ40p53 8 and
5 δ40p53 12 of
6 caused 7 apoptosis
6 caused 8 and
8 and 9 increased
8 and 11 levels
10 the 11 levels
12 of 16 p53
13 endogenous 14 ,
13 endogenous 16 p53
15 activated 16 p53
17 in 24 cells
18 both 24 cells
19 cancerous 20 and
20 and 23 cancerous
20 and 24 cells
24 cells 26 which
25 , 26 which
26 which 27 led
26 which 34 ,
27 led 28 to
28 to 30 levels
29 significant 30 levels
30 levels 31 of
31 of 33 death
32 cell 33 death
35 particularly 36 in
36 in 38 cells
37 cancer 38 cells

activated p53 molecules formed nuclear heterotetramers with δ40p53 and altered downstream p53 transcription target levels including p53 - induced protein with death [domain] and cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor , p21 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 molecules
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 p53
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 activated 3 molecules
2 p53 3 molecules
3 molecules 9 and
3 molecules 12 p53
4 formed 6 heterotetramers
4 formed 9 and
5 nuclear 6 heterotetramers
6 heterotetramers 7 with
7 with 8 δ40p53
9 and 10 altered
9 and 11 downstream
12 p53 15 levels
12 p53 21 with
13 transcription 15 levels
14 target 15 levels
15 levels 16 including
16 including 20 protein
17 p53 18 -
17 p53 20 protein
19 induced 20 protein
21 with 24 and
22 death 24 and
24 and 25 cyclin
26 - 29 inhibitor
26 - 30 ,
26 - 31 p21
27 dependent 29 inhibitor
28 kinase 29 inhibitor
30 , 31 p21

δ40p53 altered the promoter occupancy of these downstream p53 target genes in such a way that it shifted cell fate toward apoptosis and [away] from cell cycle arrest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 δ40p53
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 δ40p53 2 altered
2 altered 5 occupancy
3 the 5 occupancy
4 promoter 5 occupancy
5 occupancy 6 of
6 of 11 genes
7 these 11 genes
8 downstream 9 p53
9 p53 11 genes
10 target 11 genes
11 genes 23 and
12 in 15 way
12 in 23 and
13 such 14 a
14 a 15 way
15 way 16 that
16 that 17 it
16 that 18 shifted
17 it 18 shifted
18 shifted 20 fate
18 shifted 21 toward
19 cell 20 fate
21 toward 22 apoptosis
23 and 25 from
25 from 28 arrest
26 cell 28 arrest
27 cycle 28 arrest

we show that tumor suppression by p53 can occur via an alternate route that relies on its interaction with δ40p53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 5 suppression
3 that 9 occur
4 tumor 5 suppression
5 suppression 6 by
5 suppression 8 can
6 by 7 p53
8 can 9 occur
9 occur 10 via
10 via 13 route
11 an 13 route
12 alternate 13 route
13 route 14 that
13 route 15 relies
14 that 15 relies
15 relies 16 on
15 relies 19 with
16 on 18 interaction
17 its 18 interaction
19 with 20 δ40p53

during visual fixation , the eyes are never completely still , but produce small involuntary movements , called " fixational eye movements , " including microsaccades , drift , and tremor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 eyes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
1 during 3 fixation
1 during 4 ,
1 during 6 eyes
2 visual 3 fixation
5 the 6 eyes
6 eyes 7 are
7 are 8 never
7 are 10 still
9 completely 10 still
10 still 12 but
10 still 18 called
10 still 25 including
11 , 12 but
12 but 16 movements
12 but 17 ,
13 produce 16 movements
14 small 16 movements
15 involuntary 16 movements
17 , 18 called
18 called 19 "
18 called 22 movements
18 called 23 ,
20 fixational 21 eye
21 eye 22 movements
23 , 24 "
23 , 25 including
25 including 30 and
25 including 32 .
26 microsaccades 27 ,
27 , 28 drift
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 tremor

in certain neurological disorders , attempted fixation results in abnormal fixational eye movements with distinctive characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 fixation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 disorders
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 fixation
2 certain 4 disorders
3 neurological 4 disorders
6 attempted 7 fixation
7 fixation 8 results
8 results 9 in
8 results 14 with
9 in 13 movements
10 abnormal 12 eye
11 fixational 12 eye
12 eye 13 movements
14 with 16 characteristics
15 distinctive 16 characteristics

thus , determining how normal fixation differs from pathological fixation has the potential to aid early and differential noninvasive diagnosis of neurological disease as well as the quantification of its progression and response to treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 determining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 determining
3 determining 4 how
3 determining 8 from
3 determining 11 has
4 how 6 fixation
4 how 7 differs
5 normal 6 fixation
6 fixation 7 differs
8 from 10 fixation
9 pathological 10 fixation
11 has 20 diagnosis
12 the 20 diagnosis
13 potential 14 to
13 potential 16 early
13 potential 17 and
14 to 15 aid
17 and 18 differential
17 and 20 diagnosis
19 noninvasive 20 diagnosis
20 diagnosis 21 of
20 diagnosis 26 as
21 of 23 disease
22 neurological 23 disease
23 disease 24 as
24 as 25 well
26 as 32 and
27 the 28 quantification
28 quantification 29 of
28 quantification 32 and
29 of 31 progression
30 its 31 progression
32 and 33 response
32 and 34 to
34 to 35 treatment

here , we recorded the eye movements produced by patients with alzheimer 's disease , patients with mild cognitive impairment , and healthy age - matched individuals during attempted fixation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 recorded
4 recorded 7 movements
5 the 7 movements
6 eye 7 movements
7 movements 8 produced
8 produced 9 by
8 produced 11 with
8 produced 28 during
9 by 10 patients
11 with 14 disease
11 with 27 individuals
12 alzheimer 13 's
13 's 14 disease
14 disease 24 age
15 , 24 age
16 patients 17 with
16 patients 22 and
17 with 20 impairment
18 mild 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 healthy
22 and 24 age
24 age 25 -
26 matched 27 individuals
28 during 30 fixation
29 attempted 30 fixation

we found that microsaccade magnitudes , velocities , durations , and intersaccadic intervals were comparable in the three subject groups , but microsaccade direction differed in patients versus healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 magnitudes
3 that 4 microsaccade
4 microsaccade 5 magnitudes
5 magnitudes 7 velocities
6 , 7 velocities
7 velocities 8 ,
8 , 11 and
8 , 14 were
8 , 22 but
9 durations 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 intervals
11 and 14 were
12 intersaccadic 13 intervals
14 were 15 comparable
15 comparable 16 in
16 in 20 groups
17 the 18 three
18 three 20 groups
19 subject 20 groups
21 , 22 but
22 but 24 direction
22 but 25 differed
23 microsaccade 24 direction
24 direction 25 differed
25 differed 26 in
26 in 27 patients
27 patients 28 versus
28 versus 30 subjects
29 healthy 30 subjects

our results indicate that microsaccades are more prevalently oblique in patients with alzheimer 's disease or mild cognitive impairment than in healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 microsaccades
4 that 6 are
5 microsaccades 6 are
6 are 9 oblique
7 more 8 prevalently
8 prevalently 9 oblique
9 oblique 10 in
9 oblique 12 with
9 oblique 20 than
10 in 11 patients
12 with 16 or
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
15 disease 16 or
16 or 19 impairment
17 mild 19 impairment
18 cognitive 19 impairment
20 than 21 in
21 in 23 subjects
22 healthy 23 subjects

these findings extended to those microsaccades paired in square - wave jerks , supporting the hypothesis that microsaccades and square - wave jerks form [a] [continuum] , both in healthy subjects and in neurological patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 paired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 extended
2 findings 4 to
2 findings 7 paired
4 to 6 microsaccades
5 those 6 microsaccades
7 paired 8 in
7 paired 14 supporting
7 paired 28 both
7 paired 32 and
8 in 12 jerks
9 square 10 -
9 square 11 wave
11 wave 12 jerks
13 , 14 supporting
14 supporting 16 hypothesis
14 supporting 27 ,
15 the 16 hypothesis
16 hypothesis 17 that
17 that 19 and
17 that 24 form
18 microsaccades 19 and
19 and 23 jerks
19 and 24 form
20 square 21 -
20 square 22 wave
22 wave 23 jerks
29 in 31 subjects
29 in 32 and
30 healthy 31 subjects
32 and 33 in
33 in 35 patients
34 neurological 35 patients

recently , many healthcare or health monitoring systems are proposed to improve life quality of the elderly in the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 many
3 many 5 or
3 many 9 are
3 many 10 proposed
4 healthcare 5 or
5 or 6 health
5 or 7 monitoring
5 or 9 are
7 monitoring 8 systems
10 proposed 11 to
10 proposed 12 improve
11 to 12 improve
12 improve 14 quality
12 improve 18 in
13 life 14 quality
14 quality 15 of
15 of 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 in 21 process
19 the 21 process
20 aging 21 process

the elderly are generally with poor health and low information literacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 elderly
2 elderly 3 are
3 are 4 generally
3 are 5 with
5 with 8 and
6 poor 7 health
7 health 8 and
8 and 11 literacy
9 low 10 information
10 information 11 literacy

low information literacy might be an obstacle of using such systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 literacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 low 2 information
2 information 3 literacy
3 literacy 4 might
4 might 5 be
5 be 7 obstacle
6 an 7 obstacle
7 obstacle 8 of
8 of 9 using
9 using 11 systems
10 such 11 systems

this research considered the characteristics and the needs of the elderly and developed an intelligent health monitoring system for the elderly with low information literacy living in the nursing home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 research
2 research 12 and
3 considered 6 and
3 considered 12 and
4 the 6 and
5 characteristics 6 and
6 and 8 needs
6 and 9 of
7 the 8 needs
9 of 11 elderly
10 the 11 elderly
12 and 13 developed
13 developed 18 system
14 an 15 intelligent
14 an 18 system
15 intelligent 16 health
16 health 18 system
17 monitoring 18 system
18 system 19 for
18 system 22 with
19 for 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly
22 with 25 literacy
23 low 24 information
24 information 25 literacy
25 literacy 26 living
26 living 27 in
27 in 30 home
28 the 30 home
29 nursing 30 home

the system is intelligent since it can monitor the health status of the elderly based on clinical and medical knowledge , [provide] [an] easy - to [-] understand and easy - to [-] use user interface for the elderly , and automatically send important or emergency feedback to caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 the 2 system
2 system 3 is
3 is 4 intelligent
4 intelligent 5 since
5 since 6 it
5 since 8 monitor
6 it 7 can
7 can 8 monitor
8 monitor 10 health
8 monitor 16 on
9 the 10 health
10 health 11 status
10 health 15 based
11 status 12 of
11 status 15 based
12 of 14 elderly
13 the 14 elderly
16 on 20 knowledge
17 clinical 18 and
18 and 19 medical
18 and 20 knowledge
20 knowledge 29 and
20 knowledge 32 to
21 , 29 and
24 easy 26 to
24 easy 29 and
25 - 26 to
26 to 28 understand
29 and 30 easy
29 and 31 -
31 - 32 to
32 to 41 and
34 use 36 interface
34 use 37 for
34 use 41 and
35 user 36 interface
37 for 39 elderly
38 the 39 elderly
40 , 41 and
41 and 43 send
41 and 45 or
42 automatically 43 send
44 important 45 or
45 or 47 feedback
45 or 50 .
46 emergency 47 feedback
47 feedback 48 to
48 to 49 caregivers

finally , we explored the user acceptance for the elderly using our proposed system based on the unified theory of acceptance and user of technology model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 explored
4 explored 7 acceptance
4 explored 8 for
5 the 7 acceptance
6 user 7 acceptance
8 for 11 using
9 the 11 using
10 elderly 11 using
11 using 22 and
11 using 26 model
12 our 14 system
13 proposed 14 system
14 system 15 based
14 system 22 and
15 based 16 on
16 on 19 theory
17 the 19 theory
18 unified 19 theory
19 theory 20 of
20 of 21 acceptance
22 and 23 user
22 and 24 of
22 and 26 model
24 of 25 technology

the experimental results indicate the developed system is highly accepted by the elderly in terms of performance expectation , endeavor expectation , social influence , and facilitating condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 results
2 experimental 3 results
3 results 19 ,
4 indicate 7 system
4 indicate 10 accepted
4 indicate 19 ,
5 the 7 system
6 developed 7 system
7 system 8 is
8 is 10 accepted
9 highly 10 accepted
10 accepted 11 by
10 accepted 14 in
11 by 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly
14 in 15 terms
15 terms 16 of
16 of 18 expectation
17 performance 18 expectation
19 , 20 endeavor
19 , 26 and
21 expectation 22 ,
22 , 24 influence
22 , 26 and
23 social 24 influence
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 condition
27 facilitating 28 condition

objective : this study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the tribochemical silica coating and silane surface conditioning and the bond strength of rebonded alumina monocrystalline brackets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 aimed
2 : 31 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
5 aimed 13 on
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 effects
8 the 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
10 of 12 treatment
11 heat 12 treatment
13 on 22 and
14 the 17 coating
15 tribochemical 16 silica
16 silica 17 coating
17 coating 18 and
18 and 21 conditioning
18 and 22 and
19 silane 20 surface
20 surface 21 conditioning
22 and 25 strength
22 and 26 of
23 the 25 strength
24 bond 25 strength
26 of 30 brackets
27 rebonded 29 monocrystalline
28 alumina 29 monocrystalline
29 monocrystalline 30 brackets

material and methods : sixty alumina monocrystalline brackets were randomly divided according to adhesive base surface treatments ( n=20 ) : gc , no treatment ( control ) ; gt , tribochemical silica coating [+] silane application ; gh , as per gt [+] post - heat treatment ( air flux at 100ºc for 60 s ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 sixty
4 : 15 base
4 : 21 :
5 sixty 7 monocrystalline
5 sixty 11 divided
5 sixty 15 base
6 alumina 7 monocrystalline
7 monocrystalline 8 brackets
7 monocrystalline 9 were
7 monocrystalline 11 divided
8 brackets 9 were
10 randomly 11 divided
11 divided 13 to
12 according 13 to
13 to 14 adhesive
15 base 17 treatments
16 surface 17 treatments
17 treatments 19 n=20
18 ( 19 n=20
19 n=20 20 )
21 : 22 gc
21 : 29 ;
22 gc 25 treatment
23 , 25 treatment
24 no 25 treatment
25 treatment 27 control
25 treatment 28 )
26 ( 27 control
27 control 28 )
29 ; 30 gt
29 ; 31 ,
31 , 37 application
31 , 38 ;
32 tribochemical 37 application
33 silica 36 silane
34 coating 36 silane
36 silane 37 application
38 ; 39 gh
38 ; 40 ,
40 , 47 heat
41 as 42 per
41 as 46 -
41 as 47 heat
42 per 45 post
43 gt 45 post
47 heat 48 treatment
48 treatment 51 flux
49 ( 51 flux
50 air 51 flux
51 flux 52 at
51 flux 57 )
52 at 53 100ºc
53 100ºc 54 for
54 for 56 s
55 60 56 s

brackets were bonded to the enamel premolars surface with a light - polymerized resin and stored in distilled water at 37ºc for 100 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brackets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 water
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 brackets 15 and
1 brackets 19 water
2 were 3 bonded
2 were 15 and
3 bonded 4 to
3 bonded 9 with
4 to 8 surface
5 the 8 surface
6 enamel 8 surface
7 premolars 8 surface
9 with 14 resin
10 a 11 light
10 a 14 resin
11 light 12 -
11 light 14 resin
13 polymerized 14 resin
15 and 16 stored
15 and 17 in
15 and 18 distilled
19 water 20 at
19 water 22 for
20 at 21 37ºc
22 for 24 days
23 100 24 days

additionally , half the specimens of each group were thermocycled [(] 6,000 cycles between 5 - 55ºc ) ( tc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 cycles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 half
3 half 4 the
3 half 12 6,000
3 half 13 cycles
4 the 5 specimens
5 specimens 6 of
5 specimens 9 were
6 of 8 group
7 each 8 group
9 were 10 thermocycled
13 cycles 14 between
14 between 15 5
15 5 17 55ºc
15 5 20 tc
16 - 17 55ºc
17 55ºc 18 )
19 ( 20 tc
20 tc 21 )

the specimens were submitted to [the] shear bond strength ( sbs ) [test] using a universal testing machine ( 1 mm/min ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 submitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 specimens
2 specimens 3 were
3 were 4 submitted
4 submitted 5 to
5 to 7 shear
7 shear 9 strength
7 shear 14 using
8 bond 9 strength
9 strength 11 sbs
10 ( 11 sbs
11 sbs 12 )
14 using 18 machine
15 a 18 machine
16 universal 17 testing
17 testing 18 machine
18 machine 21 mm/min
19 ( 21 mm/min
20 1 21 mm/min
21 mm/min 22 )

failure [mode] was assessed using optical and scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) , together with the surface [roughness] ( ra ) of the resin cement in the bracket using interference microscopy ( im ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 failure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 failure 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 7 and
6 optical 7 and
7 and 10 microscopy
7 and 12 sem
8 scanning 10 microscopy
9 electron 10 microscopy
11 ( 12 sem
12 sem 13 )
14 , 26 cement
15 together 16 with
16 with 18 surface
16 with 26 cement
17 the 18 surface
18 surface 21 ra
18 surface 23 of
20 ( 21 ra
21 ra 22 )
23 of 25 resin
24 the 25 resin
26 cement 27 in
26 cement 30 using
26 cement 32 microscopy
27 in 29 bracket
28 the 29 bracket
30 using 31 interference
32 microscopy 34 im
33 ( 34 im
34 im 35 )

results : the strategies used to treat the bracket surface had an effect on the sbs results ( p=0.0 ) , but thermocycling did not [(] p=0.6974 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 strategies
2 : 11 had
2 : 22 but
2 : 29 )(
3 the 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 used
4 strategies 11 had
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 treat
6 to 7 treat
7 treat 10 surface
8 the 10 surface
9 bracket 10 surface
11 had 13 effect
11 had 14 on
12 an 13 effect
14 on 17 results
15 the 17 results
16 sbs 17 results
17 results 19 p=0.0
18 ( 19 p=0.0
19 p=0.0 20 )
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 thermocycling
22 but 27 p=0.6974
23 thermocycling 24 did
24 did 25 not
24 did 27 p=0.6974

considering the sbs results ( mpa ) , gh - tc and gc showed the highest values ( 27.59±6.4 and 27.18±2.9 ) and gt - tc showed the lowest ( 8.45±6.7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 gc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 considering 3 sbs
1 considering 4 results
1 considering 8 ,
1 considering 13 gc
2 the 3 sbs
4 results 6 mpa
5 ( 6 mpa
6 mpa 7 )
9 gh 10 -
9 gh 13 gc
11 tc 12 and
12 and 13 gc
13 gc 14 showed
14 showed 16 highest
14 showed 17 values
15 the 16 highest
17 values 20 and
18 ( 20 and
19 27.59±6.4 20 and
20 and 21 27.18±2.9
20 and 22 )
23 and 26 tc
23 and 27 showed
24 gt 26 tc
25 - 26 tc
26 tc 27 showed
27 showed 29 lowest
28 the 29 lowest
29 lowest 31 8.45±6.7
30 ( 31 8.45±6.7
31 8.45±6.7 32 )

for the ra parameter , anova revealed that the aging method had an effect ( p=0.0157 ) but the surface treatments did [not] ( p=0.458 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 anova
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 for 4 parameter
1 for 5 ,
1 for 6 anova
2 the 4 parameter
3 ra 4 parameter
6 anova 7 revealed
7 revealed 8 that
8 that 11 method
8 that 12 had
9 the 11 method
10 aging 11 method
11 method 12 had
12 had 14 effect
12 had 18 but
13 an 14 effect
14 effect 16 p=0.0157
15 ( 16 p=0.0157
16 p=0.0157 17 )
18 but 20 surface
19 the 20 surface
20 surface 21 treatments
20 surface 22 did
20 surface 25 p=0.458
21 treatments 22 did
24 ( 25 p=0.458
25 p=0.458 26 )

for [the] thermocycled and [non] [-] thermocycled groups , ra ( µm ) was 0.69±0.16 and 1.12±0.52 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ra
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
1 for 4 and
1 for 9 ,
1 for 10 ra
3 thermocycled 4 and
4 and 7 thermocycled
4 and 8 groups
10 ra 12 µm
10 ra 14 was
11 ( 12 µm
12 µm 13 )
14 was 16 and
15 0.69±0.16 16 and
16 and 17 1.12±0.52
17 1.12±0.52 19 respectively
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 .

the most frequent failure mode exhibited was mixed failure involving the enamel - resin - bracket interfaces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mode
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 the 5 mode
2 most 3 frequent
3 frequent 4 failure
4 failure 5 mode
5 mode 6 exhibited
5 mode 7 was
7 was 9 failure
8 mixed 9 failure
9 failure 10 involving
10 involving 12 enamel
11 the 12 enamel
12 enamel 14 resin
13 - 14 resin
14 resin 15 -
15 - 16 bracket
15 - 18 .
16 bracket 17 interfaces

conclusion : regardless of the aging method , gh promoted similar sbs results to gc , suggesting that rebonded ceramic brackets are a more effective strategy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 gh
2 : 10 promoted
3 regardless 4 of
4 of 7 method
4 of 8 ,
4 of 9 gh
5 the 7 method
6 aging 7 method
9 gh 10 promoted
10 promoted 13 results
11 similar 13 results
12 sbs 13 results
13 results 14 to
13 results 17 suggesting
14 to 15 gc
16 , 17 suggesting
17 suggesting 18 that
17 suggesting 27 .
18 that 21 brackets
18 that 22 are
19 rebonded 20 ceramic
20 ceramic 21 brackets
21 brackets 22 are
22 are 26 strategy
23 a 26 strategy
24 more 25 effective
25 effective 26 strategy

objectives : to assess the distribution of dementia subtypes in brazil using a population - based clinicopathological study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
2 : 15 -
2 : 19 .
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 distribution
4 assess 9 subtypes
5 the 6 distribution
6 distribution 7 of
6 distribution 9 subtypes
7 of 8 dementia
9 subtypes 10 in
9 subtypes 14 population
10 in 12 using
11 brazil 12 using
13 a 14 population
15 - 18 study
16 based 18 study
17 clinicopathological 18 study

method : brains from [deceased] individuals aged ≥50 years old were collected after the next of kin signed an informed consent form and provided information through standardized questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 23 and
3 brains 4 from
3 brains 23 and
4 from 6 individuals
6 individuals 8 ≥50
6 individuals 11 were
6 individuals 12 collected
7 aged 8 ≥50
8 ≥50 10 old
8 ≥50 11 were
9 years 10 old
12 collected 13 after
13 after 15 next
13 after 18 signed
14 the 15 next
15 next 16 of
15 next 18 signed
16 of 17 kin
18 signed 22 form
19 an 22 form
20 informed 21 consent
21 consent 22 form
23 and 25 information
23 and 26 through
24 provided 25 information
26 through 28 questionnaires
27 standardized 28 questionnaires

post [-] mortem clinical diagnoses were established in consensus meetings , and only cases with moderate or severe dementia or without cognitive impairment were included in the analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 diagnoses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 post 3 mortem
3 mortem 5 diagnoses
4 clinical 5 diagnoses
5 diagnoses 6 were
6 were 7 established
7 established 8 in
8 in 10 meetings
9 consensus 10 meetings
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 only
12 and 14 cases
12 and 25 included
14 cases 20 or
14 cases 24 were
15 with 19 dementia
15 with 20 or
16 moderate 17 or
17 or 18 severe
17 or 19 dementia
20 or 21 without
21 without 23 impairment
22 cognitive 23 impairment
24 were 25 included
25 included 26 in
26 in 28 analysis
27 the 28 analysis

immunohistochemical neuropathological examinations were performed [following] the universally accepted guidelines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 immunohistochemical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 immunohistochemical 3 examinations
1 immunohistochemical 4 were
1 immunohistochemical 5 performed
2 neuropathological 3 examinations
3 examinations 4 were
5 performed 10 guidelines
7 the 10 guidelines
8 universally 9 accepted
9 accepted 10 guidelines

a diagnosis of alzheimer 's disease was made when there were at least both a moderate density of neuritic plaques ( consortium to establish [a] register for alzheimer 's disease [b] [or] c ) and braak stage iii for neurofibrillary tangle distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 a 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 of
2 diagnosis 6 disease
2 diagnosis 7 was
2 diagnosis 8 made
3 of 5 's
4 alzheimer 5 's
6 disease 7 was
8 made 9 when
8 made 35 and
9 when 10 there
9 when 11 were
10 there 11 were
11 were 13 least
11 were 14 both
12 at 13 least
15 a 16 moderate
15 a 17 density
16 moderate 17 density
17 density 18 of
17 density 35 and
18 of 20 plaques
19 neuritic 20 plaques
20 plaques 22 consortium
21 ( 22 consortium
22 consortium 23 to
22 consortium 27 for
22 consortium 34 )
23 to 26 register
24 establish 26 register
27 for 30 disease
28 alzheimer 29 's
29 's 30 disease
30 disease 33 c
35 and 37 stage
35 and 39 for
36 braak 37 stage
37 stage 38 iii
39 for 42 distribution
40 neurofibrillary 41 tangle
41 tangle 42 distribution

for the diagnosis of vascular dementia , at least three zones or strategic areas had to be affected by infarcts , lacunae , or microinfarcts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 infarcts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 for 3 diagnosis
2 the 3 diagnosis
3 diagnosis 4 of
3 diagnosis 20 infarcts
4 of 12 or
5 vascular 6 dementia
6 dementia 7 ,
7 , 11 zones
7 , 12 or
8 at 9 least
9 least 10 three
10 three 11 zones
12 or 13 strategic
12 or 14 areas
12 or 19 by
14 areas 15 had
15 had 16 to
15 had 18 affected
16 to 17 be
17 be 18 affected
18 affected 19 by
21 , 24 or
22 lacunae 24 or
23 , 24 or
24 or 25 microinfarcts

results : from 1,291 subjects , 113 cases were classified as having moderate or severe dementia , and 972 cases were free of cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 8 cases
2 : 10 classified
2 : 14 or
3 from 5 subjects
3 from 6 ,
3 from 8 cases
4 1,291 5 subjects
7 113 8 cases
8 cases 9 were
9 were 10 classified
10 classified 11 as
10 classified 13 moderate
11 as 12 having
14 or 18 and
14 or 21 were
15 severe 16 dementia
16 dementia 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 cases
18 and 21 were
19 972 20 cases
21 were 22 free
22 free 23 of
23 of 25 impairment
24 cognitive 25 impairment

the neuropathological diagnoses of the dementia sub - group [were] alzheimer 's disease ( 35.4 % ) , vascular dementia ( 21.2 % ) , alzheimer 's disease plus vascular dementia ( 13.3 % ) , and other causes of dementia ( 30.1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 3 diagnoses
2 neuropathological 3 diagnoses
3 diagnoses 4 of
3 diagnoses 37 and
4 of 7 sub
5 the 7 sub
6 dementia 7 sub
7 sub 13 disease
8 - 13 disease
9 group 11 alzheimer
11 alzheimer 12 's
12 's 13 disease
13 disease 16 %
13 disease 20 dementia
13 disease 28 disease
13 disease 36 ,
14 ( 16 %
15 35.4 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 , 20 dementia
19 vascular 20 dementia
20 dementia 23 %
20 dementia 24 )
21 ( 23 %
22 21.2 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 , 28 disease
26 alzheimer 27 's
27 's 28 disease
28 disease 29 plus
28 disease 35 )
29 plus 31 dementia
30 vascular 31 dementia
31 dementia 34 %
32 ( 34 %
33 13.3 34 %
34 % 35 )
37 and 39 causes
37 and 40 of
37 and 44 %
38 other 39 causes
40 of 41 dementia
42 ( 44 %
43 30.1 44 %
44 % 45 )

conclusions : the relatively high frequencies of vascular dementia and small - vessel disease in the dementia sub - group constitute relevant findings for public health initiatives because control of vascular risk factors could decrease the prevalence of dementia in developing countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 6 frequencies
2 : 21 constitute
3 the 6 frequencies
4 relatively 5 high
5 high 6 frequencies
6 frequencies 7 of
6 frequencies 21 constitute
7 of 10 and
8 vascular 9 dementia
9 dementia 10 and
10 and 20 group
11 small 14 disease
11 small 20 group
12 - 14 disease
13 vessel 14 disease
14 disease 15 in
14 disease 19 -
15 in 18 sub
16 the 18 sub
17 dementia 18 sub
21 constitute 23 findings
21 constitute 24 for
21 constitute 28 because
21 constitute 40 in
22 relevant 23 findings
24 for 27 initiatives
25 public 26 health
26 health 27 initiatives
28 because 29 control
28 because 35 decrease
29 control 30 of
29 control 34 could
30 of 33 factors
31 vascular 33 factors
32 risk 33 factors
34 could 35 decrease
35 decrease 37 prevalence
36 the 37 prevalence
37 prevalence 38 of
38 of 39 dementia
40 in 41 developing
41 developing 42 countries

to define the role of rare variants in advanced age - related macular [degeneration] ( amd ) risk , we sequenced the exons of 681 genes within all reported amd loci and related pathways in 2,493 cases and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 to 2 define
1 to 11 -
1 to 20 we
2 define 4 role
2 define 8 in
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
5 of 7 variants
6 rare 7 variants
8 in 10 age
9 advanced 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 18 risk
12 related 19 ,
12 related 20 we
13 macular 16 amd
13 macular 17 )
13 macular 18 risk
15 ( 16 amd
16 amd 17 )
20 we 21 sequenced
21 sequenced 23 exons
21 sequenced 27 within
21 sequenced 35 in
22 the 23 exons
23 exons 24 of
24 of 26 genes
25 681 26 genes
27 within 28 all
28 all 32 and
29 reported 31 loci
29 reported 32 and
30 amd 31 loci
32 and 33 related
32 and 34 pathways
35 in 36 2,493
36 2,493 38 and
37 cases 38 and
38 and 39 controls

we first tested each gene for increased or decreased burden of rare variants in cases compared to controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 first
2 first 3 tested
3 tested 5 gene
3 tested 6 for
4 each 5 gene
6 for 8 or
7 increased 8 or
8 or 9 decreased
9 decreased 10 burden
9 decreased 14 in
10 burden 11 of
11 of 13 variants
12 rare 13 variants
14 in 15 cases
15 cases 16 compared
16 compared 17 to
17 to 18 controls

we found that 7.8 % of amd cases compared to 2.3 % of controls are carriers of rare missense cfi variants ( odds [ratio] ( or ) = 3.6 ; p = 2 × 10 ( - 8 [ )( ( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 (
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 28 =
3 that 12 %
3 that 15 are
3 that 28 =
4 7.8 5 %
4 7.8 10 to
5 % 6 of
5 % 9 compared
6 of 8 cases
7 amd 8 cases
10 to 11 2.3
10 to 12 %
12 % 13 of
12 % 15 are
13 of 14 controls
15 are 16 carriers
16 carriers 17 of
17 of 21 variants
18 rare 19 missense
19 missense 21 variants
20 cfi 21 variants
21 variants 23 odds
22 ( 23 odds
23 odds 26 or
23 odds 27 )
25 ( 26 or
26 or 27 )
28 = 29 3.6
30 ; 31 p
31 p 32 =
32 = 34 ×
33 2 34 ×
34 × 35 10
34 × 38 8
36 ( 38 8
37 - 38 8
38 8 40 )(

there was a predominance of dysfunctional variants in cases compared to controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 predominance
3 a 4 predominance
4 predominance 5 of
5 of 7 variants
6 dysfunctional 7 variants
7 variants 8 in
8 in 9 cases
9 cases 10 compared
10 compared 11 to
11 to 12 controls

we then tested individual variants for association [with] disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 we 3 tested
2 then 3 tested
3 tested 5 variants
4 individual 5 variants
5 variants 6 for
6 for 9 disease
7 association 9 disease

we observed significant association [with] rare missense alleles in genes other than cfi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 8 alleles
2 observed 9 in
2 observed 12 than
3 significant 4 association
4 association 8 alleles
6 rare 7 missense
7 missense 8 alleles
9 in 10 genes
11 other 12 than
12 than 13 cfi

genotyping in 5,115 independent samples confirmed associations with amd of an allele in c3 encoding p.lys155gln ( [replication] p = 3.5 × [10] ( - 5 ) , or = 2.8 [;] joint p = 5.2 × 10 ( - 9 [ )(, [or] = 3.8 ) and [an] allele in c9 encoding p.pro167ser ( [replication] p = 2.4 × [10] ( - 5 ) , or = 2.2 [;] joint p = 6.5 × 10 ( - 7 ) , [or] = 2.2 [ )( 
1 genotyping 2 in
1 genotyping 5 samples
1 genotyping 6 confirmed
2 in 3 5,115
4 independent 5 samples
6 confirmed 7 associations
6 confirmed 8 with
6 confirmed 13 in
6 confirmed 16 p.lys155gln
8 with 9 amd
9 amd 10 of
10 of 12 allele
11 an 12 allele
13 in 15 encoding
14 c3 15 encoding
16 p.lys155gln 20 =
17 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 29 or
21 3.5 29 or
22 × 26 5
22 × 28 ,
22 × 29 or
24 ( 26 5
25 - 26 5
26 5 27 )
29 or 31 2.8
29 or 33 joint
29 or 35 =
30 = 31 2.8
31 2.8 33 joint
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 5.2
36 5.2 48 and
37 × 45 =
37 × 48 and
38 10 40 -
39 ( 40 -
40 - 41 9
40 - 43 )(,
40 - 45 =
45 = 46 3.8
45 = 47 )
48 and 50 allele
50 allele 51 in
50 allele 58 =
51 in 52 c9
52 c9 53 encoding
53 encoding 54 p.pro167ser
55 ( 58 =
57 p 58 =
58 = 67 or
59 2.4 67 or
60 × 64 5
60 × 66 ,
60 × 67 or
62 ( 64 5
63 - 64 5
64 5 65 )
67 or 69 2.2
67 or 71 joint
68 = 69 2.2
69 2.2 71 joint
71 joint 73 =
72 p 73 =
73 = 75 ×
74 6.5 75 ×
75 × 76 10
75 × 79 7
75 × 84 2.2
77 ( 79 7
78 - 79 7
79 7 80 )
81 , 84 2.2
83 = 84 2.2
84 2.2 86 )(

finally , we show that the allele of c3 encoding gln155 results in resistance to proteolytic inactivation by cfh and cfi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 7 allele
5 that 12 results
6 the 7 allele
7 allele 8 of
7 allele 12 results
8 of 9 c3
9 c3 10 encoding
10 encoding 11 gln155
12 results 13 in
12 results 15 to
12 results 18 by
13 in 14 resistance
15 to 17 inactivation
16 proteolytic 17 inactivation
18 by 21 cfi
19 cfh 20 and
20 and 21 cfi
21 cfi 22 .

these results implicate loss of c3 protein regulation and excessive alternative complement activation in amd pathogenesis , thus informing both the direction of effect and mechanistic underpinnings of this disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implicate
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 implicate
3 implicate 4 loss
3 implicate 14 in
3 implicate 19 informing
4 loss 5 of
5 of 9 and
6 c3 7 protein
7 protein 8 regulation
8 regulation 9 and
9 and 13 activation
10 excessive 12 complement
11 alternative 12 complement
12 complement 13 activation
14 in 16 pathogenesis
15 amd 16 pathogenesis
17 , 18 thus
17 , 19 informing
19 informing 25 and
19 informing 28 of
19 informing 31 .
20 both 25 and
21 the 22 direction
22 direction 23 of
22 direction 25 and
23 of 24 effect
25 and 27 underpinnings
26 mechanistic 27 underpinnings
28 of 30 disorder
29 this 30 disorder

none objectives : the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome [of] rejuvenation surgery through double eyelid incision instead of face [-] lifting for the correction of different types of the upper eyelid sagging in older east asian patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 none 2 objectives
1 none 10 to
1 none 11 evaluate
2 objectives 3 :
3 : 5 objective
4 the 5 objective
5 objective 6 of
5 objective 8 study
5 objective 9 was
6 of 7 this
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
11 evaluate 21 incision
11 evaluate 23 of
12 the 21 incision
13 clinical 14 outcome
14 outcome 17 surgery
16 rejuvenation 17 surgery
17 surgery 21 incision
18 through 20 eyelid
19 double 20 eyelid
20 eyelid 21 incision
22 instead 23 of
23 of 26 lifting
24 face 26 lifting
26 lifting 27 for
26 lifting 30 of
26 lifting 37 sagging
27 for 29 correction
28 the 29 correction
30 of 32 types
31 different 32 types
32 types 33 of
33 of 36 eyelid
34 the 36 eyelid
35 upper 36 eyelid
37 sagging 38 in
38 in 42 patients
39 older 41 asian
40 east 41 asian
41 asian 42 patients

materials and methods : a total of 40 patients ( 80 aging upper eyelids ) with upper eyelid sagging were retrospectively examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 total
4 : 22 examined
4 : 23 .
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
6 total 16 with
6 total 20 were
7 of 9 patients
8 40 9 patients
9 patients 14 eyelids
10 ( 14 eyelids
11 80 14 eyelids
12 aging 14 eyelids
13 upper 14 eyelids
14 eyelids 15 )
16 with 19 sagging
17 upper 18 eyelid
18 eyelid 19 sagging
20 were 22 examined
21 retrospectively 22 examined

the age of the patients ranged from 53 to 85 years ( mean age , 65 [y] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 age
2 age 3 of
2 age 6 ranged
3 of 5 patients
4 the 5 patients
6 ranged 7 from
7 from 11 years
8 53 9 to
9 to 10 85
9 to 11 years
11 years 14 age
11 years 16 65
12 ( 14 age
13 mean 14 age
14 age 15 ,
15 , 16 65
16 65 18 )

after a thorough preoperative evaluation , the corresponding operations were performed and [the] follow - up results were obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 operations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 after 5 evaluation
1 after 6 ,
1 after 9 operations
2 a 3 thorough
2 a 5 evaluation
3 thorough 5 evaluation
4 preoperative 5 evaluation
7 the 9 operations
8 corresponding 9 operations
9 operations 12 and
10 were 11 performed
10 were 12 and
12 and 14 follow
15 - 17 results
15 - 19 obtained
15 - 20 .
16 up 17 results
17 results 18 were
18 were 19 obtained

results : the operation of each patient with a mean [follow] - up period of 6 months was combined for a total of 80 rejuvenation operations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 operation
2 : 19 combined
3 the 4 operation
4 operation 5 of
4 operation 7 patient
4 operation 18 was
5 of 6 each
7 patient 8 with
8 with 14 period
9 a 14 period
10 mean 12 -
10 mean 14 period
13 up 14 period
14 period 15 of
15 of 17 months
16 6 17 months
18 was 19 combined
19 combined 20 for
20 for 22 total
21 a 22 total
22 total 23 of
23 of 26 operations
24 80 26 operations
25 rejuvenation 26 operations

a total of 34 patients ( 85 % ) were satisfied with the postoperative appearance , 3 patients ( 7.5 % ) showed inadequate skin reduction , 1 patient ( 2.5 % ) had asymmetry between 2 blepharoplasty lines , and 2 patients ( 5 % ) showed obvious scars . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 satisfied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 10 were
3 of 5 patients
4 34 5 patients
5 patients 8 %
6 ( 8 %
7 85 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 were 11 satisfied
11 satisfied 12 with
12 with 15 appearance
13 the 15 appearance
14 postoperative 15 appearance
16 , 18 patients
16 , 23 showed
16 , 41 and
17 3 18 patients
18 patients 21 %
18 patients 23 showed
19 ( 21 %
20 7.5 21 %
21 % 22 )
23 showed 25 skin
23 showed 35 asymmetry
23 showed 36 between
24 inadequate 25 skin
25 skin 26 reduction
25 skin 34 had
26 reduction 29 patient
26 reduction 34 had
27 , 29 patient
28 1 29 patient
29 patient 32 %
29 patient 33 )
30 ( 32 %
31 2.5 32 %
32 % 33 )
36 between 39 lines
37 2 39 lines
38 blepharoplasty 39 lines
40 , 41 and
41 and 43 patients
41 and 48 showed
42 2 43 patients
43 patients 46 %
43 patients 48 showed
44 ( 46 %
45 5 46 %
46 % 47 )
48 showed 50 scars
49 obvious 50 scars

conclusions : through a thorough preoperative evaluation , rejuvenation surgery through blepharoplasty [incision] is an effective solution for mild to moderate upper eyelid sagging in older asian patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 through
3 through 7 evaluation
4 a 5 thorough
4 a 7 evaluation
5 thorough 7 evaluation
6 preoperative 7 evaluation
7 evaluation 10 surgery
8 , 10 surgery
9 rejuvenation 10 surgery
10 surgery 12 blepharoplasty
10 surgery 18 for
10 surgery 19 mild
10 surgery 29 .
11 through 12 blepharoplasty
12 blepharoplasty 14 is
14 is 17 solution
14 is 18 for
15 an 17 solution
16 effective 17 solution
19 mild 20 to
19 mild 25 in
20 to 24 sagging
21 moderate 24 sagging
22 upper 24 sagging
23 eyelid 24 sagging
25 in 28 patients
26 older 27 asian
27 asian 28 patients

background : in consideration of the distinctive structural characteristics of the eyelid , the optimally matching donor site to the original recipient site skin should be selected when a full - thickness skin graft is anticipated in a small - sized [or] medium - sized eyelid defect in middle [-] aged or elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 consideration
4 consideration 5 of
5 of 9 characteristics
6 the 9 characteristics
7 distinctive 9 characteristics
8 structural 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 10 of
10 of 12 eyelid
11 the 12 eyelid
13 , 26 be
14 the 18 site
15 optimally 16 matching
16 matching 17 donor
17 donor 18 site
18 site 19 to
18 site 25 should
19 to 24 skin
20 the 24 skin
21 original 23 site
22 recipient 23 site
23 site 24 skin
25 should 26 be
26 be 27 selected
27 selected 28 when
27 selected 37 in
27 selected 48 in
28 when 34 graft
28 when 36 anticipated
29 a 30 full
29 a 34 graft
30 full 31 -
30 full 34 graft
32 thickness 34 graft
33 skin 34 graft
34 graft 35 is
35 is 36 anticipated
37 in 47 defect
38 a 39 small
38 a 47 defect
39 small 40 -
39 small 47 defect
41 sized 46 eyelid
43 medium 44 -
43 medium 46 eyelid
45 sized 46 eyelid
46 eyelid 47 defect
48 in 54 patients
49 middle 54 patients
51 aged 52 or
52 or 53 elderly
52 or 54 patients

methods : eight patients ranging in age from 47 to 71 years suffered singular eyelid defects of different causes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 13 suffered
2 : 20 .
3 eight 4 patients
4 patients 5 ranging
4 patients 8 from
4 patients 13 suffered
5 ranging 6 in
6 in 7 age
8 from 12 years
9 47 10 to
10 to 11 71
10 to 12 years
13 suffered 16 defects
14 singular 16 defects
15 eyelid 16 defects
16 defects 17 of
17 of 19 causes
18 different 19 causes

based on the location , shape , and degree of the defects , we removed the redundant skin as a skin graft from the same side in the contralateral eyelid in a routine blepharoplasty procedure and transferred the graft to repair the defect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 13 ,
1 based 14 we
2 on 4 location
3 the 4 location
4 location 8 and
5 , 8 and
6 shape 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 degree
8 and 10 of
8 and 13 ,
10 of 12 defects
11 the 12 defects
14 we 36 and
15 removed 18 skin
15 removed 19 as
15 removed 27 in
15 removed 31 in
15 removed 36 and
16 the 18 skin
17 redundant 18 skin
19 as 22 graft
20 a 21 skin
20 a 22 graft
21 skin 22 graft
22 graft 23 from
23 from 26 side
24 the 25 same
24 the 26 side
27 in 30 eyelid
28 the 30 eyelid
29 contralateral 30 eyelid
31 in 35 procedure
32 a 35 procedure
33 routine 34 blepharoplasty
34 blepharoplasty 35 procedure
36 and 37 transferred
36 and 40 to
37 transferred 39 graft
38 the 39 graft
40 to 41 repair
41 repair 43 defect
42 the 43 defect

results : the skin grafts survived in all cases , and the incisions healed [primarily] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 grafts
3 the 5 grafts
4 skin 5 grafts
5 grafts 6 survived
6 survived 7 in
7 in 11 and
8 all 9 cases
9 cases 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 incisions
11 and 14 healed
12 the 13 incisions

the eyelid laxity improved , and no complications occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 laxity
2 eyelid 3 laxity
3 laxity 4 improved
3 laxity 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 complications
6 and 9 occurred
7 no 8 complications

all cases were followed up for 3 months to 2 years , the quality of skin grafts was similar to that of the surrounding skin , and the activity was ideal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 all 2 cases
2 cases 3 were
3 were 4 followed
4 followed 5 up
4 followed 6 for
6 for 9 to
7 3 8 months
8 months 9 to
9 to 11 years
10 2 11 years
12 , 14 quality
12 , 18 was
12 , 27 and
13 the 14 quality
14 quality 15 of
14 quality 18 was
15 of 17 grafts
16 skin 17 grafts
18 was 19 similar
19 similar 20 to
20 to 21 that
21 that 22 of
22 of 25 skin
23 the 25 skin
24 surrounding 25 skin
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 activity
27 and 30 was
28 the 29 activity
29 activity 30 was
30 was 31 ideal

conclusions : when an eyelid defect is not amenable to direct closure and skin grafting is selected , the proper donor site is vital to the final outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 22 site
2 : 23 is
2 : 29 .
3 when 15 grafting
3 when 17 selected
3 when 22 site
4 an 6 defect
5 eyelid 6 defect
6 defect 7 is
7 is 8 not
7 is 9 amenable
9 amenable 10 to
9 amenable 13 and
10 to 13 and
11 direct 12 closure
11 direct 13 and
13 and 14 skin
13 and 15 grafting
15 grafting 16 is
16 is 17 selected
17 selected 18 ,
19 the 22 site
20 proper 21 donor
21 donor 22 site
22 site 23 is
23 is 24 vital
24 vital 25 to
25 to 28 outcome
26 the 28 outcome
27 final 28 outcome

the same facial aesthetic subunits , such as sufficient laxity in the contralateral eyelid skin [in] middle - aged and elderly patients , can provide the best match with the recipient skin and represent the best donor site for defect reconstruction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subunits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 5 subunits
3 facial 5 subunits
4 aesthetic 5 subunits
5 subunits 8 as
5 subunits 20 and
5 subunits 33 and
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 10 laxity
8 as 18 -
9 sufficient 10 laxity
10 laxity 11 in
11 in 17 middle
12 the 17 middle
13 contralateral 14 eyelid
14 eyelid 17 middle
15 skin 17 middle
18 - 20 and
19 aged 20 and
20 and 22 patients
20 and 23 ,
21 elderly 22 patients
24 can 25 provide
24 can 33 and
25 provide 28 match
25 provide 29 with
26 the 27 best
26 the 28 match
29 with 32 skin
30 the 32 skin
31 recipient 32 skin
33 and 34 represent
33 and 39 for
34 represent 38 site
35 the 36 best
35 the 38 site
37 donor 38 site
39 for 41 reconstruction
40 defect 41 reconstruction

our recently published work suggests that dna helicases such as the werner syndrome helicase ( wrn ) represent a novel class of proteins to target for anticancer therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 our 4 work
2 recently 3 published
3 published 4 work
4 work 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 8 helicases
6 that 18 represent
7 dna 8 helicases
8 helicases 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 14 helicase
11 the 14 helicase
12 werner 14 helicase
13 syndrome 14 helicase
14 helicase 16 wrn
15 ( 16 wrn
16 wrn 17 )
18 represent 21 class
19 a 20 novel
19 a 21 class
20 novel 21 class
21 class 22 of
21 class 24 to
21 class 25 target
22 of 23 proteins
24 to 25 target
25 target 26 for
26 for 28 therapy
27 anticancer 28 therapy

specifically , pharmacological inhibition of wrn helicase activity in human cells defective in the fanconi anemia ( fa ) pathway of interstrand [cross] - link [(] icl ) repair [are] sensitized to the dna cross [-] linking agent and chemotherapy drug mitomycin c ( mmc ) by the wrn helicase inhibitor nsc 617145 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 39 and
3 pharmacological 4 inhibition
4 inhibition 5 of
4 inhibition 39 and
5 of 8 activity
6 wrn 7 helicase
7 helicase 8 activity
8 activity 9 in
8 activity 12 defective
9 in 11 cells
10 human 11 cells
12 defective 13 in
13 in 20 pathway
14 the 20 pathway
15 fanconi 20 pathway
16 anemia 18 fa
16 anemia 19 )
16 anemia 20 pathway
17 ( 18 fa
18 fa 19 )
20 pathway 21 of
21 of 29 repair
22 interstrand 27 icl
22 interstrand 28 )
22 interstrand 29 repair
24 - 27 icl
25 link 27 icl
27 icl 28 )
29 repair 31 sensitized
31 sensitized 32 to
32 to 35 cross
33 the 35 cross
34 dna 35 cross
35 cross 37 linking
37 linking 38 agent
39 and 40 chemotherapy
39 and 41 drug
41 drug 42 mitomycin
41 drug 47 by
42 mitomycin 43 c
42 mitomycin 45 mmc
44 ( 45 mmc
45 mmc 46 )
47 by 52 nsc
48 the 51 inhibitor
49 wrn 51 inhibitor
50 helicase 51 inhibitor
51 inhibitor 52 nsc
52 nsc 53 617145

[(] [1] [ )(the mechanistic basis for the synergistic interaction between nsc 617145 [and] mmc is discussed in this paper and extrapolated to potential implications for genetic or chemically induced synthetic lethality provoked by cellular exposure to the wrn helicase inhibitor under the context of relevant dna repair deficiencies associated with cancers or induced by small - molecule inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 basis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
4 )(the 6 basis
5 mechanistic 6 basis
6 basis 7 for
6 basis 21 and
7 for 10 interaction
8 the 10 interaction
9 synergistic 10 interaction
10 interaction 11 between
10 interaction 15 mmc
10 interaction 16 is
11 between 12 nsc
12 nsc 13 617145
15 mmc 16 is
17 discussed 18 in
17 discussed 20 paper
17 discussed 21 and
18 in 19 this
21 and 22 extrapolated
22 extrapolated 23 to
22 extrapolated 34 by
23 to 25 implications
24 potential 25 implications
25 implications 26 for
26 for 28 or
27 genetic 28 or
28 or 32 lethality
28 or 33 provoked
29 chemically 30 induced
30 induced 32 lethality
31 synthetic 32 lethality
34 by 36 exposure
35 cellular 36 exposure
36 exposure 37 to
36 exposure 42 under
36 exposure 45 of
37 to 41 inhibitor
38 the 41 inhibitor
39 wrn 40 helicase
40 helicase 41 inhibitor
42 under 44 context
43 the 44 context
45 of 48 repair
46 relevant 48 repair
47 dna 48 repair
48 repair 49 deficiencies
48 repair 54 induced
48 repair 55 by
49 deficiencies 53 or
50 associated 51 with
50 associated 53 or
51 with 52 cancers
53 or 54 induced
55 by 59 inhibitors
56 small 57 -
56 small 59 inhibitors
58 molecule 59 inhibitors

experimental data are presented showing that small - molecule inhibition of wrn helicase elevates sensitivity to mmc - induced stress in human cells that are deficient in both fancd2 and dna protein kinase catalytic subunit ( dna - pkcs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 experimental 2 data
2 data 3 are
3 are 5 showing
3 are 16 to
4 presented 5 showing
5 showing 6 that
5 showing 14 elevates
6 that 10 inhibition
6 that 14 elevates
7 small 8 -
7 small 9 molecule
9 molecule 10 inhibition
10 inhibition 11 of
10 inhibition 14 elevates
11 of 13 helicase
12 wrn 13 helicase
14 elevates 15 sensitivity
16 to 17 mmc
18 - 30 and
19 induced 20 stress
20 stress 21 in
20 stress 30 and
21 in 23 cells
22 human 23 cells
23 cells 24 that
23 cells 25 are
24 that 25 are
25 are 26 deficient
26 deficient 27 in
27 in 29 fancd2
28 both 29 fancd2
30 and 35 subunit
30 and 37 dna
30 and 39 pkcs
31 dna 32 protein
32 protein 35 subunit
33 kinase 35 subunit
34 catalytic 35 subunit
36 ( 37 dna
37 dna 38 -
38 - 39 pkcs
39 pkcs 40 )

these findings suggest a model in which drug - mediated inhibition of wrn helicase activity exacerbates the deleterious effects of mmc - induced dna damage [when] both the fa and nhej pathways are defective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 32 pathways
3 suggest 33 are
4 a 5 model
5 model 6 in
5 model 30 and
6 in 7 which
6 in 8 drug
6 in 24 dna
6 in 25 damage
7 which 8 drug
8 drug 11 inhibition
9 - 11 inhibition
10 mediated 11 inhibition
11 inhibition 12 of
11 inhibition 22 -
12 of 14 helicase
13 wrn 14 helicase
14 helicase 15 activity
14 helicase 16 exacerbates
15 activity 16 exacerbates
16 exacerbates 19 effects
17 the 19 effects
18 deleterious 19 effects
19 effects 20 of
20 of 21 mmc
23 induced 24 dna
24 dna 25 damage
25 damage 27 both
27 both 28 the
27 both 29 fa
28 the 29 fa
30 and 31 nhej
30 and 32 pathways
32 pathways 33 are
33 are 34 defective

we conclude with a perspective for the fa pathway and synthetic lethality and implications for dna repair helicase inhibitors that can be developed for anticancer strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 with
2 conclude 13 and
2 conclude 17 repair
3 with 5 perspective
4 a 5 perspective
5 perspective 6 for
6 for 10 and
7 the 9 pathway
8 fa 9 pathway
9 pathway 10 and
10 and 11 synthetic
12 lethality 13 and
13 and 14 implications
13 and 17 repair
14 implications 15 for
15 for 16 dna
17 repair 19 inhibitors
18 helicase 19 inhibitors
19 inhibitors 20 that
19 inhibitors 21 can
20 that 21 can
21 can 22 be
22 be 23 developed
23 developed 24 for
24 for 26 strategies
25 anticancer 26 strategies

none telomeres play a central role in cellular senescence and [are] associated with a variety of age - related disorders such as dementia , alzheimer 's disease and atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
1 none 2 telomeres
1 none 10 and
1 none 17 age
2 telomeres 10 and
3 play 6 role
3 play 7 in
3 play 10 and
4 a 5 central
4 a 6 role
5 central 6 role
7 in 9 senescence
8 cellular 9 senescence
10 and 12 associated
10 and 13 with
10 and 16 of
13 with 15 variety
14 a 15 variety
15 variety 16 of
18 - 19 related
19 related 28 and
19 related 30 .
20 disorders 22 as
20 disorders 24 ,
21 such 22 as
22 as 23 dementia
24 , 27 disease
24 , 28 and
25 alzheimer 26 's
26 's 27 disease
28 and 29 atherosclerosis

telomere length varies greatly among individuals of the same age , and is heritable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 telomere 2 length
2 length 12 and
3 varies 4 greatly
3 varies 5 among
3 varies 12 and
5 among 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 of
7 of 10 age
8 the 9 same
9 same 10 age
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 is
13 is 14 heritable

here we performed a genome - wide linkage [scan] to identify quantitative trait loci ( qtl ) influencing leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) measured by quantitative pcr in 3,665 american indians ( aged 14 - 93 years ) from 94 large , multi - generational families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 performed
3 performed 5 genome
4 a 5 genome
6 - 8 linkage
7 wide 8 linkage
8 linkage 10 to
8 linkage 11 identify
8 linkage 18 influencing
10 to 11 identify
11 identify 14 loci
12 quantitative 14 loci
13 trait 14 loci
14 loci 16 qtl
15 ( 16 qtl
16 qtl 17 )
18 influencing 20 telomere
18 influencing 26 by
18 influencing 40 from
19 leukocyte 20 telomere
20 telomere 21 length
20 telomere 25 measured
21 length 23 ltl
21 length 25 measured
22 ( 23 ltl
23 ltl 24 )
26 by 28 pcr
27 quantitative 28 pcr
28 pcr 29 in
29 in 32 indians
30 3,665 32 indians
31 american 32 indians
32 indians 38 years
33 ( 38 years
34 aged 38 years
35 14 36 -
36 - 37 93
36 - 38 years
38 years 39 )
40 from 47 families
41 94 47 families
42 large 43 ,
42 large 47 families
44 multi 45 -
44 multi 47 families
46 generational 47 families

all participants were recruited by the strong heart family study ( shfs ) , a prospective study to identify genetic factors for cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in american indians residing in oklahoma , arizona and dakota . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 recruited
4 recruited 5 by
5 by 12 shfs
6 the 12 shfs
7 strong 8 heart
8 heart 9 family
9 family 10 study
10 study 12 shfs
11 ( 12 shfs
12 shfs 13 )
14 , 17 study
14 , 28 factors
14 , 35 ,
15 a 16 prospective
15 a 17 study
16 prospective 17 study
17 study 18 to
17 study 19 identify
17 study 28 factors
18 to 19 identify
19 identify 21 factors
19 identify 22 for
20 genetic 21 factors
22 for 25 and
23 cardiovascular 24 disease
24 disease 25 and
25 and 27 risk
26 its 27 risk
28 factors 29 in
28 factors 31 indians
28 factors 33 in
30 american 31 indians
31 indians 32 residing
33 in 34 oklahoma
35 , 37 and
36 arizona 37 and
37 and 38 dakota

ltl heritability was estimated to be between 51 [%] and 62 % , suggesting a strong genetic predisposition to interindividual variation of ltl in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ltl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
1 ltl 2 heritability
1 ltl 5 to
1 ltl 6 be
2 heritability 3 was
3 was 4 estimated
4 estimated 5 to
6 be 12 %
7 between 10 and
8 51 10 and
10 and 11 62
10 and 12 %
12 % 14 suggesting
13 , 14 suggesting
14 suggesting 18 predisposition
14 suggesting 19 to
14 suggesting 24 in
14 suggesting 27 .
15 a 16 strong
15 a 18 predisposition
16 strong 18 predisposition
17 genetic 18 predisposition
19 to 21 variation
20 interindividual 21 variation
21 variation 22 of
22 of 23 ltl
24 in 26 population
25 this 26 population

significant qtls were localized to chromosome 13 ( logarithm of odds [score] ( lod )=3.9 ) at 13q12.11 , to 18q22.2 ( lod=3.2 ) and to 3p14.1 ( lod=3.0 ) for oklahoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 qtls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 localized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 significant 2 qtls
2 qtls 3 were
3 were 4 localized
4 localized 5 to
4 localized 25 and
4 localized 31 for
5 to 6 chromosome
6 chromosome 7 13
6 chromosome 9 logarithm
8 ( 9 logarithm
9 logarithm 10 of
9 logarithm 15 )=3.9
9 logarithm 16 )
10 of 11 odds
13 ( 15 )=3.9
14 lod 15 )=3.9
15 )=3.9 16 )
17 at 18 13q12.11
17 at 25 and
18 13q12.11 20 to
19 , 20 to
20 to 21 18q22.2
20 to 24 )
21 18q22.2 23 lod=3.2
22 ( 23 lod=3.2
23 lod=3.2 24 )
25 and 26 to
26 to 27 3p14.1
27 3p14.1 29 lod=3.0
28 ( 29 lod=3.0
29 lod=3.0 30 )
31 for 32 oklahoma

this is the first study to identify susceptibility loci influencing leukocyte telomere variation in american indians , a minority group suffering from a disproportionately high rate of type 2 diabetes and other age - related disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 study
2 is 6 to
2 is 14 in
3 the 5 study
4 first 5 study
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 9 loci
8 susceptibility 9 loci
9 loci 10 influencing
10 influencing 13 variation
11 leukocyte 12 telomere
12 telomere 13 variation
14 in 16 indians
15 american 16 indians
16 indians 20 group
17 , 20 group
18 a 20 group
19 minority 20 group
20 group 21 suffering
20 group 27 of
20 group 31 and
20 group 33 age
20 group 34 -
21 suffering 22 from
22 from 26 rate
23 a 24 disproportionately
23 a 26 rate
24 disproportionately 25 high
25 high 26 rate
27 of 28 type
28 type 29 2
30 diabetes 31 and
31 and 32 other
31 and 33 age
34 - 35 related
35 related 36 disorders

the levels of micrornas ( mirnas ) are altered under different conditions such as cancer , senescence , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 8 are
3 of 4 micrornas
4 micrornas 6 mirnas
5 ( 6 mirnas
6 mirnas 7 )
8 are 9 altered
9 altered 10 under
10 under 12 conditions
11 different 12 conditions
12 conditions 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 19 and
15 cancer 16 ,
16 , 17 senescence
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 aging

here , we have identified differentially expressed mirnas in skeletal muscle from young and old rhesus monkeys using rna sequencing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 identified
5 identified 8 mirnas
5 identified 9 in
6 differentially 7 expressed
7 expressed 8 mirnas
9 in 11 muscle
10 skeletal 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 from
11 muscle 16 rhesus
11 muscle 20 sequencing
12 from 14 and
13 young 14 and
14 and 15 old
16 rhesus 17 monkeys
17 monkeys 18 using
18 using 19 rna
19 rna 20 sequencing

in old muscle , several mirnas were upregulated , including mir - 451 , mir - 144 , mir - 18a and mir - 15a , while a few mirnas were downregulated , including mir - 181a and mir - 181b . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mirnas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 3 muscle
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 mirnas
2 old 3 muscle
5 several 6 mirnas
6 mirnas 7 were
7 were 8 upregulated
9 , 22 and
9 , 41 181b
10 including 15 mir
10 including 18 ,
10 including 22 and
11 mir 13 451
11 mir 15 mir
12 - 13 451
13 451 14 ,
15 mir 17 144
16 - 17 144
17 144 18 ,
19 mir 20 -
19 mir 21 18a
21 18a 22 and
22 and 25 15a
22 and 34 including
22 and 38 and
22 and 41 181b
23 mir 24 -
23 mir 25 15a
26 , 27 while
27 while 30 mirnas
27 while 32 downregulated
27 while 33 ,
27 while 34 including
28 a 29 few
29 few 30 mirnas
30 mirnas 31 were
31 were 32 downregulated
32 downregulated 33 ,
34 including 35 mir
36 - 38 and
37 181a 38 and
38 and 39 mir
38 and 40 -

a number of novel mirnas were also identified , particularly in old muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 6 were
3 of 5 mirnas
4 novel 5 mirnas
6 were 8 identified
7 also 8 identified
8 identified 11 in
9 , 10 particularly
9 , 11 in
11 in 13 muscle
11 in 14 .
12 old 13 muscle

we also examined the impact [of] caloric restriction ( cr ) on mirna abundance by reverse transcription ( rt ) followed by real - time , quantitative [(] [q] )pcr analysis and [found] that cr rescued the levels of mir - 181b and chr1:205580546 , and also dampened the age - induced increase in mir - 451 and [mir] - 144 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
1 we 3 examined
2 also 3 examined
3 examined 8 restriction
3 examined 12 on
4 the 8 restriction
5 impact 8 restriction
7 caloric 8 restriction
8 restriction 10 cr
9 ( 10 cr
10 cr 11 )
12 on 13 mirna
13 mirna 14 abundance
13 mirna 21 followed
14 abundance 15 by
14 abundance 21 followed
15 by 17 transcription
16 reverse 17 transcription
17 transcription 19 rt
18 ( 19 rt
19 rt 20 )
21 followed 22 by
22 by 32 and
23 real 25 time
23 real 30 )pcr
24 - 25 time
25 time 26 ,
27 quantitative 30 )pcr
30 )pcr 31 analysis
31 analysis 32 and
32 and 35 cr
34 that 35 cr
35 cr 46 and
36 rescued 38 levels
36 rescued 46 and
37 the 38 levels
38 levels 39 of
38 levels 43 and
39 of 40 mir
41 - 43 and
42 181b 43 and
43 and 44 chr1:205580546
43 and 45 ,
46 and 48 dampened
46 and 50 age
46 and 56 -
47 also 48 dampened
49 the 50 age
51 - 56 -
52 induced 53 increase
53 increase 54 in
53 increase 56 -
54 in 55 mir
56 - 62 levels
56 - 63 .
57 451 58 and
58 and 61 144
58 and 62 levels
60 - 61 144

our results reveal that there are changes in expression [of] known and novel mirnas with skeletal muscle aging and that cr may reverse some of these changes to a younger phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 12 and
3 reveal 4 that
3 reveal 12 and
4 that 5 there
4 that 6 are
5 there 6 are
6 are 7 changes
6 are 8 in
8 in 9 expression
9 expression 11 known
12 and 23 reverse
13 novel 14 mirnas
14 mirnas 15 with
14 mirnas 19 and
15 with 17 muscle
16 skeletal 17 muscle
17 muscle 18 aging
19 and 21 cr
19 and 22 may
20 that 21 cr
22 may 23 reverse
23 reverse 24 some
23 reverse 28 to
24 some 25 of
25 of 27 changes
26 these 27 changes
28 to 31 phenotype
29 a 31 phenotype
30 younger 31 phenotype

background : aging and sedentary lifestyles lead to cardiac atrophy , [ventricular] stiffening , and impaired diastolic function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 aging
4 and 6 lifestyles
4 and 7 lead
5 sedentary 6 lifestyles
6 lifestyles 7 lead
7 lead 8 to
8 to 15 and
9 cardiac 10 atrophy
10 atrophy 11 ,
11 , 13 stiffening
11 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 function
16 impaired 18 function
17 diastolic 18 function

both conditions are marked by increased adiposity , which can lead to ectopic fat deposition in nonadipocyte tissues including the myocardium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 marked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 both 2 conditions
2 conditions 3 are
3 are 4 marked
4 marked 5 by
5 by 7 adiposity
6 increased 7 adiposity
8 , 9 which
8 , 11 lead
9 which 10 can
10 can 11 lead
11 lead 12 to
11 lead 16 in
12 to 15 deposition
13 ectopic 15 deposition
14 fat 15 deposition
16 in 18 tissues
17 nonadipocyte 18 tissues
18 tissues 19 including
19 including 21 myocardium
20 the 21 myocardium

the effect of excess intramyocardial fat on cardiac function [in] nonobese individuals is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 13 is
3 of 6 fat
4 excess 6 fat
5 intramyocardial 6 fat
6 fat 7 on
7 on 12 individuals
8 cardiac 9 function
9 function 12 individuals
11 nonobese 12 individuals
13 is 14 unknown

methods and results : cardiac lipid content was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 153 healthy nonobese subjects with varying fitness levels quantified by peak oxygen uptake during treadmill exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 7 content
4 : 27 uptake
4 : 31 .
5 cardiac 7 content
6 lipid 7 content
7 content 8 was
8 was 9 measured
9 measured 10 by
9 measured 14 in
10 by 13 spectroscopy
11 magnetic 12 resonance
12 resonance 13 spectroscopy
14 in 18 subjects
15 153 18 subjects
16 healthy 17 nonobese
17 nonobese 18 subjects
18 subjects 19 with
19 with 20 varying
20 varying 21 fitness
21 fitness 22 levels
21 fitness 27 uptake
22 levels 23 quantified
22 levels 27 uptake
23 quantified 24 by
24 by 26 oxygen
25 peak 26 oxygen
27 uptake 28 during
28 during 30 exercise
29 treadmill 30 exercise

cardiac function ( [echo] [ )(and left [ventricular] ( lv ) filling pressures ( right heart catheterization ) were measured under varying [preloads] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 cardiac 2 function
3 ( 6 )(and
6 )(and 13 pressures
6 )(and 19 were
7 left 10 lv
7 left 12 filling
9 ( 10 lv
10 lv 11 )
12 filling 13 pressures
13 pressures 17 catheterization
13 pressures 19 were
14 ( 17 catheterization
15 right 16 heart
16 heart 17 catheterization
17 catheterization 18 )
19 were 20 measured
20 measured 21 under
21 under 22 varying

[lv] stiffness was calculated from a curve fit of the diastolic portion of the pressure - volume curve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stiffness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
2 stiffness 3 was
3 was 4 calculated
4 calculated 5 from
5 from 7 curve
6 a 7 curve
7 curve 8 fit
7 curve 9 of
9 of 12 portion
10 the 12 portion
11 diastolic 12 portion
12 portion 13 of
13 of 15 pressure
14 the 15 pressure
16 - 18 curve
16 - 19 .
17 volume 18 curve

the strongest clinical predictors of lipid content were body mass index [(] β=+0.03 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.001 - 0.06 ) [and] peak oxygen uptake ( β= - 0.02 ; 95 % confidence interval , - 0.03 [to] - 0.009 ; [r] [(] 2 )=0.14 ; p<0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 )(
1 the 2 strongest
1 the 4 predictors
3 clinical 4 predictors
4 predictors 5 of
4 predictors 8 were
5 of 7 content
6 lipid 7 content
8 were 13 β=+0.03
9 body 13 β=+0.03
10 mass 13 β=+0.03
11 index 13 β=+0.03
14 ; 18 interval
14 ; 19 ,
15 95 16 %
16 % 17 confidence
17 confidence 18 interval
19 , 20 0.001
19 , 25 peak
19 , 30 -
20 0.001 22 0.06
20 0.001 25 peak
21 - 22 0.06
22 0.06 23 )
25 peak 27 uptake
26 oxygen 27 uptake
27 uptake 29 β=
28 ( 29 β=
29 β= 30 -
30 - 31 0.02
30 - 32 ;
30 - 48 ;
32 ; 36 interval
32 ; 37 ,
33 95 34 %
34 % 36 interval
35 confidence 36 interval
37 , 38 -
37 , 41 -
37 , 43 ;
38 - 39 0.03
39 0.03 41 -
41 - 42 0.009
43 ; 46 2
43 ; 47 )=0.14
46 2 47 )=0.14
48 ; 49 p<0.001

subjects in the highest quintile had [smaller] lv end - diastolic volumes ( 68±13 versus 58±12 [ml] / [m] ( 2 ) [;] p<0.01 ) and decreased peak early mitral annular and increased peak late mitral inflow velocities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 subjects 2 in
1 subjects 26 and
2 in 4 highest
3 the 4 highest
4 highest 5 quintile
4 highest 9 end
4 highest 12 volumes
5 quintile 6 had
6 had 8 lv
6 had 9 end
10 - 12 volumes
11 diastolic 12 volumes
12 volumes 14 68±13
12 volumes 25 )
13 ( 14 68±13
14 68±13 15 versus
14 68±13 25 )
15 versus 24 p<0.01
16 58±12 24 p<0.01
18 / 21 2
18 / 22 )
18 / 24 p<0.01
20 ( 21 2
21 2 22 )
26 and 38 velocities
27 decreased 28 peak
28 peak 38 velocities
29 early 38 velocities
30 mitral 38 velocities
31 annular 32 and
32 and 34 peak
32 and 38 velocities
33 increased 34 peak
35 late 37 inflow
36 mitral 37 inflow
37 inflow 38 velocities

[there] were no differences in lv stiffness , but a [leftward] shift in the pressure [-] volume curve suggested a less distensible ventricle with increasing myocardial lipid levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 were 4 differences
2 were 7 stiffness
3 no 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
5 in 6 lv
8 , 9 but
9 but 12 shift
9 but 19 suggested
10 a 12 shift
12 shift 13 in
12 shift 19 suggested
13 in 18 curve
14 the 18 curve
15 pressure 18 curve
17 volume 18 curve
19 suggested 23 ventricle
19 suggested 24 with
20 a 23 ventricle
21 less 22 distensible
22 distensible 23 ventricle
24 with 25 increasing
25 increasing 28 levels
26 myocardial 27 lipid
27 lipid 28 levels

after adjusting for age , fitness , and body mass index , echocardiographic and morphometric differences among groups were attenuated [and] no longer significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 16 differences
2 adjusting 3 for
3 for 4 age
4 age 8 and
5 , 8 and
6 fitness 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 11 index
8 and 12 ,
9 body 11 index
10 mass 11 index
13 echocardiographic 14 and
14 and 15 morphometric
14 and 16 differences
16 differences 17 among
16 differences 19 were
17 among 18 groups
19 were 20 attenuated
20 attenuated 23 longer
20 attenuated 24 significant
22 no 23 longer

conclusions : body mass index and fitness levels are the strongest predictors of myocardial lipid content in nonobese humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 index
2 : 6 and
2 : 20 .
3 body 5 index
4 mass 5 index
6 and 8 levels
6 and 9 are
7 fitness 8 levels
8 levels 9 are
9 are 12 predictors
10 the 11 strongest
10 the 12 predictors
12 predictors 13 of
13 of 16 content
14 myocardial 15 lipid
15 lipid 16 content
16 content 17 in
17 in 19 humans
18 nonobese 19 humans

cardiac lipid content is associated with decreased [ventricular] distensibility , and it may provide a causal mechanism linking changes in lv [function] related to age and fitness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 content
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 cardiac 3 content
2 lipid 3 content
3 content 4 is
4 is 11 and
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 11 and
6 with 9 distensibility
7 decreased 9 distensibility
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 provide
12 it 13 may
13 may 14 provide
14 provide 17 mechanism
15 a 16 causal
15 a 17 mechanism
16 causal 17 mechanism
17 mechanism 18 linking
17 mechanism 20 in
17 mechanism 23 related
17 mechanism 24 to
18 linking 19 changes
20 in 21 lv
24 to 26 and
25 age 26 and
26 and 27 fitness

objective : lipomatosis of nerve ( ln ) is a condition of massive peripheral nerve enlargement due to proliferation [of] fibrous and adipose tissue within the nerve , the natural history of which is currently unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 lipomatosis
2 : 9 is
2 : 28 ,
2 : 37 .
3 lipomatosis 4 of
3 lipomatosis 9 is
4 of 5 nerve
5 nerve 7 ln
6 ( 7 ln
7 ln 8 )
9 is 11 condition
10 a 11 condition
11 condition 12 of
11 condition 18 to
12 of 16 enlargement
13 massive 15 nerve
14 peripheral 15 nerve
15 nerve 16 enlargement
17 due 18 to
18 to 24 tissue
19 proliferation 24 tissue
21 fibrous 22 and
22 and 23 adipose
22 and 24 tissue
24 tissue 25 within
25 within 27 nerve
26 the 27 nerve
28 , 31 history
28 , 34 is
29 the 31 history
30 natural 31 history
31 history 32 of
31 history 34 is
32 of 33 which
34 is 35 currently
34 is 36 unknown

we measured the pattern of growth in individuals [with] long - [term] [radiologic] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 4 pattern
2 measured 7 in
2 measured 10 long
3 the 4 pattern
4 pattern 5 of
5 of 6 growth
7 in 8 individuals
11 - 14 follow
14 follow 16 up
15 - 16 up
16 up 17 .

methods : review of the searchable records for ln at our institution found 52 patients , confirmed by pathology or pathognomic appearance on mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 review
2 : 16 ,
2 : 25 .
3 review 4 of
3 review 10 at
3 review 16 ,
4 of 7 records
5 the 7 records
6 searchable 7 records
7 records 8 for
8 for 9 ln
10 at 12 institution
11 our 12 institution
13 found 14 52
13 found 15 patients
13 found 16 ,
16 , 17 confirmed
16 , 18 by
16 , 23 on
18 by 20 or
19 pathology 20 or
20 or 22 appearance
21 pathognomic 22 appearance
23 on 24 mri

ten patients had serial mri of the same anatomic region for more than 2 years of [clinical] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ten
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 follow
1 ten 2 patients
1 ten 16 of
1 ten 18 follow
2 patients 3 had
3 had 5 mri
4 serial 5 mri
5 mri 6 of
5 mri 16 of
6 of 10 region
7 the 8 same
7 the 10 region
9 anatomic 10 region
10 region 11 for
11 for 15 years
12 more 13 than
13 than 14 2
14 2 15 years
18 follow 20 up
19 - 20 up
20 up 21 .

volumetric analysis was performed using regions of interest on serially imaged segments of affected nerves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 volumetric
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 volumetric 2 analysis
1 volumetric 13 of
1 volumetric 14 affected
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 using
5 using 6 regions
6 regions 7 of
6 regions 9 on
6 regions 13 of
7 of 8 interest
9 on 12 segments
10 serially 11 imaged
11 imaged 12 segments
14 affected 15 nerves

adjustment for skeletal growth was performed for pediatric patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 adjustment 2 for
1 adjustment 5 was
2 for 4 growth
3 skeletal 4 growth
5 was 6 performed
6 performed 7 for
7 for 9 patients
8 pediatric 9 patients

results : ln enlarged in 7 of 10 individuals , [often] both longitudinally along the nerve and in cross [-] sectional volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 ln
2 : 13 longitudinally
2 : 17 and
3 ln 4 enlarged
4 enlarged 5 in
4 enlarged 10 ,
4 enlarged 12 both
5 in 6 7
6 7 7 of
7 of 9 individuals
8 10 9 individuals
14 along 16 nerve
14 along 17 and
15 the 16 nerve
17 and 18 in
18 in 22 volume
19 cross 22 volume
21 sectional 22 volume

regarding cross - sectional volume , 2 of the 10 patients demonstrated volume growth more than doubling and 5 additional patients had a >20 % increase in nerve volume ; the remaining 3 patients were quiescent , where change in the nerve volume was within the error range of volumetric analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 regarding 2 cross
3 - 5 volume
3 - 6 ,
4 sectional 5 volume
6 , 7 2
6 , 12 demonstrated
6 , 30 ;
7 2 8 of
7 2 12 demonstrated
8 of 11 patients
9 the 10 10
10 10 11 patients
12 demonstrated 18 and
12 demonstrated 22 had
13 volume 14 growth
14 growth 17 doubling
14 growth 18 and
15 more 16 than
16 than 17 doubling
18 and 21 patients
18 and 22 had
19 5 21 patients
20 additional 21 patients
22 had 26 increase
22 had 27 in
23 a 26 increase
24 >20 26 increase
25 % 26 increase
27 in 29 volume
28 nerve 29 volume
30 ; 34 patients
30 ; 35 were
31 the 32 remaining
31 the 33 3
33 3 34 patients
34 patients 35 were
35 were 36 quiescent
36 quiescent 38 where
37 , 38 where
38 where 39 change
38 where 44 was
38 where 52 .
39 change 40 in
39 change 44 was
40 in 43 volume
41 the 43 volume
42 nerve 43 volume
44 was 45 within
45 within 48 range
46 the 48 range
47 error 48 range
48 range 49 of
49 of 51 analysis
50 volumetric 51 analysis

all cases with growth remained >20 [%] after adjustment for skeletal growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 all 2 cases
2 cases 3 with
2 cases 5 remained
3 with 4 growth
5 remained 6 >20
5 remained 8 after
8 after 9 adjustment
9 adjustment 10 for
10 for 12 growth
11 skeletal 12 growth

five of 10 individuals had longitudinal extension , even with correction for skeletal growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 five
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 five 2 of
1 five 5 had
2 of 4 individuals
3 10 4 individuals
5 had 7 extension
6 longitudinal 7 extension
8 , 9 even
9 even 10 with
10 with 11 correction
11 correction 12 for
12 for 14 growth
13 skeletal 14 growth

more significant growth was noted in younger patients ( p=0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 more 2 significant
2 significant 3 growth
3 growth 4 was
4 was 5 noted
5 noted 6 in
6 in 8 patients
7 younger 8 patients
8 patients 10 p=0.02
9 ( 10 p=0.02
10 p=0.02 11 )

growth rates more than 5 % per year correlated with surgery , without statistical significance in this small population ( p=0.14 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 growth 2 rates
2 rates 6 %
3 more 4 than
4 than 5 5
5 5 6 %
6 % 7 per
6 % 9 correlated
7 per 8 year
9 correlated 10 with
9 correlated 13 without
10 with 11 surgery
12 , 13 without
13 without 15 significance
13 without 22 )
14 statistical 15 significance
15 significance 16 in
16 in 19 population
17 this 19 population
18 small 19 population
19 population 21 p=0.14
20 ( 21 p=0.14
21 p=0.14 22 )

conclusions : serial mri reveals progressive enlargement of ln . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 mri
2 : 5 reveals
2 : 10 .
3 serial 4 mri
4 mri 5 reveals
5 reveals 7 enlargement
6 progressive 7 enlargement
7 enlargement 8 of
8 of 9 ln

the rate of growth was more profound in youth , but also occurred in early adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 of
2 rate 11 but
3 of 4 growth
5 was 7 profound
5 was 11 but
6 more 7 profound
7 profound 8 in
8 in 9 youth
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 occurred
12 also 13 occurred
13 occurred 14 in
14 in 16 adulthood
15 early 16 adulthood

neurocognitive aging studies have focused on age - related changes in neural activity or neural structure but few studies have focused on relationships between the two . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neurocognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 neurocognitive 2 aging
1 neurocognitive 3 studies
1 neurocognitive 4 have
1 neurocognitive 5 focused
3 studies 4 have
5 focused 6 on
6 on 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
11 in 14 or
12 neural 13 activity
13 activity 14 or
14 or 16 structure
15 neural 16 structure
17 but 19 studies
17 but 21 focused
18 few 19 studies
19 studies 20 have
20 have 21 focused
21 focused 22 on
21 focused 24 between
22 on 23 relationships
24 between 26 two
25 the 26 two

the present study quantitatively reviewed 24 studies of age - related changes in fmri activation across a broad spectrum of executive function tasks using activation likelihood estimation ( ale ) and 22 separate studies of age - related changes in gray matter using voxel - based morphometry ( vbm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 5 reviewed
4 quantitatively 5 reviewed
5 reviewed 7 studies
6 24 7 studies
7 studies 8 of
8 of 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 changes
11 related 30 )
12 changes 13 in
12 changes 20 of
13 in 15 activation
14 fmri 15 activation
15 activation 16 across
16 across 19 spectrum
17 a 19 spectrum
18 broad 19 spectrum
20 of 23 tasks
21 executive 23 tasks
22 function 23 tasks
23 tasks 24 using
23 tasks 29 ale
24 using 27 estimation
25 activation 27 estimation
26 likelihood 27 estimation
28 ( 29 ale
29 ale 30 )
31 and 34 studies
31 and 46 based
32 22 34 studies
33 separate 34 studies
34 studies 35 of
34 studies 46 based
35 of 36 age
36 age 39 changes
37 - 39 changes
38 related 39 changes
39 changes 40 in
39 changes 45 -
40 in 42 matter
41 gray 42 matter
42 matter 43 using
43 using 44 voxel
46 based 47 morphometry
47 morphometry 49 vbm
48 ( 49 vbm
49 vbm 50 )

conjunction analyses between functional and structural alteration maps were constructed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conjunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 conjunction 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 between
2 analyses 8 maps
2 analyses 10 constructed
3 between 7 alteration
4 functional 5 and
5 and 6 structural
5 and 7 alteration
8 maps 9 were
9 were 10 constructed

overlaps were only observed in the conjunction of dorsolateral prefrontal [cortex] ( dlpfc ) gray matter reduction and functional hyperactivation but not hypoactivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overlaps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 overlaps 2 were
2 were 4 observed
3 only 4 observed
4 observed 5 in
4 observed 21 but
5 in 7 conjunction
6 the 7 conjunction
7 conjunction 8 of
8 of 18 and
9 dorsolateral 16 matter
10 prefrontal 13 dlpfc
10 prefrontal 14 )
10 prefrontal 16 matter
12 ( 13 dlpfc
13 dlpfc 14 )
15 gray 16 matter
16 matter 17 reduction
17 reduction 18 and
18 and 20 hyperactivation
19 functional 20 hyperactivation
21 but 22 not
21 but 23 hypoactivation

it was not evident that the conjunctions between gray matter and activation were related to task performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 not
2 was 4 evident
4 evident 5 that
5 that 7 conjunctions
5 that 14 related
6 the 7 conjunctions
7 conjunctions 8 between
7 conjunctions 13 were
8 between 11 and
9 gray 10 matter
10 matter 11 and
11 and 12 activation
13 were 14 related
14 related 15 to
15 to 16 task
16 task 17 performance

theoretical implications of these results are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 theoretical 2 implications
2 implications 3 of
2 implications 6 are
3 of 5 results
4 these 5 results
6 are 7 discussed

background : evidence supports the role for mitochondrial impairment in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder ( bd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 evidence
2 : 4 supports
2 : 19 .
3 evidence 4 supports
4 supports 6 role
4 supports 10 in
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 for
7 for 9 impairment
8 mitochondrial 9 impairment
10 in 12 pathophysiology
11 the 12 pathophysiology
12 pathophysiology 13 of
13 of 15 disorder
14 bipolar 15 disorder
15 disorder 17 bd
16 ( 17 bd
17 bd 18 )

bd has been associated with decreased mitochondrial electron transport chain activity and increased oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 bd 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 12 and
6 decreased 11 activity
6 decreased 12 and
7 mitochondrial 8 electron
8 electron 11 activity
9 transport 11 activity
10 chain 11 activity
12 and 13 increased
12 and 15 stress
13 increased 14 oxidative

also , mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) encodes mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins and has been associated with altered oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 4 dna
3 mitochondrial 4 dna
4 dna 6 mtdna
4 dna 14 and
5 ( 6 mtdna
6 mtdna 7 )
8 encodes 13 proteins
8 encodes 14 and
9 mitochondrial 10 electron
10 electron 13 proteins
11 transport 13 proteins
12 chain 13 proteins
14 and 15 has
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 stress
19 altered 21 stress
20 oxidative 21 stress

preclinical studies showed that lithium treatment increased mtdna content , but no study has directly assessed mtdna content in subjects with bd in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 preclinical 2 studies
2 studies 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 6 treatment
4 that 7 increased
5 lithium 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 increased
7 increased 9 content
8 mtdna 9 content
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 study
11 but 16 assessed
12 no 13 study
13 study 14 has
14 has 16 assessed
15 directly 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 mtdna
17 mtdna 18 content
18 content 19 in
18 content 21 with
18 content 24 vivo
19 in 20 subjects
21 with 22 bd
23 in 24 vivo

also , the effects of lithium treatment on mtdna content have never been evaluated in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 4 effects
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 11 have
5 of 7 treatment
6 lithium 7 treatment
7 treatment 8 on
8 on 10 content
9 mtdna 10 content
11 have 13 been
12 never 13 been
13 been 14 evaluated
14 evaluated 15 in
15 in 16 humans

methods : leukocyte mtdna content using real time - pcr was evaluated in subjects with bd ( n=23 ) in a depressive episode ( ≥18 in the 21 - item hamilton depression rating scale ) before and after 6 - week lithium treatment versus healthy controls ( n=24 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 content
3 leukocyte 5 content
4 mtdna 5 content
5 content 6 using
6 using 8 time
7 real 8 time
9 - 10 pcr
9 - 12 evaluated
9 - 50 .
10 pcr 11 was
11 was 12 evaluated
12 evaluated 13 in
13 in 14 subjects
14 subjects 15 with
14 subjects 20 in
15 with 16 bd
16 bd 18 n=23
17 ( 18 n=23
18 n=23 19 )
20 in 23 episode
21 a 23 episode
22 depressive 23 episode
23 episode 25 ≥18
24 ( 25 ≥18
25 ≥18 26 in
25 ≥18 37 and
25 ≥18 49 )
26 in 28 21
27 the 28 21
28 21 34 scale
29 - 34 scale
30 item 34 scale
31 hamilton 32 depression
32 depression 33 rating
33 rating 34 scale
34 scale 35 )
36 before 37 and
37 and 38 after
38 after 39 6
39 6 43 treatment
40 - 43 treatment
41 week 42 lithium
42 lithium 43 treatment
43 treatment 44 versus
43 treatment 49 )
44 versus 46 controls
45 healthy 46 controls
46 controls 48 n=24
47 ( 48 n=24
48 n=24 49 )

results : mtdna content showed no significant difference between subjects with bd at baseline and controls ( p=0.46 ) ; also no difference was observed when comparing before and after lithium treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 content
3 mtdna 4 content
4 content 15 and
4 content 18 p=0.46
5 showed 8 difference
5 showed 15 and
6 no 8 difference
7 significant 8 difference
8 difference 9 between
9 between 10 subjects
10 subjects 11 with
11 with 12 bd
12 bd 13 at
13 at 14 baseline
15 and 16 controls
17 ( 18 p=0.46
18 p=0.46 19 )
20 ; 23 difference
20 ; 25 observed
21 also 23 difference
22 no 23 difference
23 difference 24 was
24 was 25 observed
25 observed 26 when
25 observed 29 and
26 when 27 comparing
28 before 29 and
29 and 30 after
30 after 32 treatment
31 lithium 32 treatment

a trend for decreased mtdna content was specifically observed in bd type i compared to controls and bd type ii ( p=0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 trend
2 trend 3 for
2 trend 7 was
3 for 6 content
4 decreased 5 mtdna
5 mtdna 6 content
7 was 8 specifically
7 was 9 observed
9 observed 10 in
10 in 17 and
11 bd 12 type
12 type 13 i
12 type 14 compared
12 type 15 to
12 type 17 and
15 to 16 controls
17 and 19 type
17 and 22 p=0.05
18 bd 19 type
19 type 20 ii
21 ( 22 p=0.05
22 p=0.05 23 )

importantly , endpoint mtdna [copy] [number] was significantly correlated with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mtdna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 mtdna
3 endpoint 4 mtdna
4 mtdna 7 was
7 was 8 significantly
7 was 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 11 age

conclusion : in bd subjects who were younger , unmedicated and had a shorter duration of illness , no change was observed in mtdna [copy] [number] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 20 change
2 : 22 observed
2 : 27 .
3 in 5 subjects
3 in 18 ,
3 in 20 change
4 bd 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 who
5 subjects 9 ,
6 who 9 ,
7 were 8 younger
7 were 9 ,
9 , 11 and
10 unmedicated 11 and
11 and 12 had
12 had 15 duration
13 a 15 duration
14 shorter 15 duration
15 duration 16 of
16 of 17 illness
19 no 20 change
20 change 21 was
21 was 22 observed
22 observed 23 in
23 in 24 mtdna

more studies with larger samples are warranted to evaluate mtdna content changes in bd and its potential role as a treatment target , especially in bd type i and its association with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 more 2 studies
2 studies 3 with
2 studies 6 are
3 with 5 samples
4 larger 5 samples
6 are 7 warranted
7 warranted 8 to
7 warranted 24 especially
7 warranted 32 with
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 content
9 evaluate 12 changes
10 mtdna 11 content
11 content 12 changes
12 changes 13 in
13 in 15 and
14 bd 15 and
15 and 18 role
15 and 23 ,
16 its 18 role
17 potential 18 role
18 role 19 as
19 as 22 target
20 a 21 treatment
20 a 22 target
21 treatment 22 target
24 especially 25 in
25 in 29 and
26 bd 27 type
27 type 28 i
27 type 29 and
29 and 31 association
30 its 31 association
32 with 33 aging

objective : to conduct a systematic review and meta - analysis of longitudinal studies on the association of 25 ( oh )d with total cancer [incidence] and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 conduct
3 to 4 conduct
4 conduct 8 and
4 conduct 15 on
5 a 6 systematic
5 a 7 review
6 systematic 7 review
7 review 8 and
8 and 11 analysis
8 and 12 of
9 meta 10 -
9 meta 11 analysis
12 of 14 studies
13 longitudinal 14 studies
15 on 17 association
16 the 17 association
17 association 18 of
18 of 27 and
19 25 21 oh
20 ( 21 oh
21 oh 22 )d
21 oh 23 with
21 oh 27 and
23 with 25 cancer
24 total 25 cancer
27 and 28 mortality

method : relevant longitudinal observational studies were identified by systematically searching ovid medline , embase , and isi web of knowledge databases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 relevant
3 relevant 6 studies
3 relevant 7 were
3 relevant 8 identified
3 relevant 9 by
4 longitudinal 6 studies
5 observational 6 studies
6 studies 7 were
9 by 11 searching
10 systematically 11 searching
11 searching 15 embase
12 ovid 13 medline
13 medline 15 embase
14 , 15 embase
15 embase 16 ,
17 and 19 web
17 and 22 databases
18 isi 19 web
19 web 20 of
19 web 22 databases
20 of 21 knowledge

in sex - specific analyses no significant association [with] total cancer incidence was observed among men or women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 sex
3 - 14 observed
4 specific 5 analyses
5 analyses 12 incidence
5 analyses 13 was
5 analyses 14 observed
6 no 12 incidence
7 significant 8 association
8 association 12 incidence
10 total 11 cancer
11 cancer 12 incidence
12 incidence 13 was
14 observed 15 among
15 among 17 or
16 men 17 or
17 or 18 women

a clear inverse association with total cancer mortality was observed among women ( 0.76 ( 0.60 , 0.98 ) ) but not among men ( 0.92 ( 0.65 , 1.32 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 clear
1 a 4 association
2 clear 4 association
3 inverse 4 association
4 association 5 with
4 association 9 was
5 with 8 mortality
6 total 7 cancer
7 cancer 8 mortality
9 was 10 observed
10 observed 21 but
11 among 12 women
11 among 21 but
12 women 14 0.76
13 ( 14 0.76
14 0.76 16 0.60
14 0.76 20 )
15 ( 16 0.60
16 0.60 18 0.98
16 0.60 19 )
17 , 18 0.98
18 0.98 19 )
21 but 22 not
21 but 23 among
23 among 24 men
24 men 26 0.92
25 ( 26 0.92
26 0.92 28 0.65
26 0.92 32 )
27 ( 28 0.65
28 0.65 30 1.32
28 0.65 31 )
29 , 30 1.32
30 1.32 31 )

large heterogeneity was observed for studies on total cancer mortality ( p<0.01 ) but not for studies on cancer [incidence] ( p=0.41 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heterogeneity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 large 2 heterogeneity
2 heterogeneity 3 was
3 was 4 observed
4 observed 5 for
4 observed 18 on
5 for 6 studies
6 studies 14 but
7 on 10 mortality
7 on 14 but
8 total 9 cancer
9 cancer 10 mortality
10 mortality 12 p<0.01
11 ( 12 p<0.01
12 p<0.01 13 )
14 but 15 not
14 but 16 for
16 for 17 studies
18 on 19 cancer
19 cancer 22 p=0.41
21 ( 22 p=0.41
22 p=0.41 23 )

no publication bias was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bias
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 no 3 bias
2 publication 3 bias
3 bias 4 was
4 was 5 found

conclusion : the meta - analysis suggests a moderate inverse association of 25 ( oh )d concentration with total cancer [incidence] and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 analysis
2 : 7 suggests
2 : 24 .
3 the 6 analysis
4 meta 5 -
4 meta 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 suggests
7 suggests 11 association
7 suggests 18 with
8 a 9 moderate
8 a 11 association
9 moderate 11 association
10 inverse 11 association
11 association 12 of
12 of 17 concentration
13 25 15 oh
14 ( 15 oh
15 oh 16 )d
15 oh 17 concentration
18 with 22 and
19 total 20 cancer
20 cancer 22 and
22 and 23 mortality

the striatum and medial temporal lobe play important roles in implicit and explicit memory , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 play
1 the 2 striatum
2 striatum 3 and
3 and 6 lobe
3 and 7 play
4 medial 6 lobe
5 temporal 6 lobe
7 play 9 roles
7 play 10 in
7 play 16 respectively
8 important 9 roles
10 in 14 memory
11 implicit 12 and
12 and 13 explicit
12 and 14 memory
15 , 16 respectively
16 respectively 17 .

furthermore , recent studies have linked striatal dopamine modulation to both implicit as well as explicit sequence learning and suggested a potential role of the striatum in the emergence of explicit memory during sequence learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 19 and
5 have 6 linked
5 have 19 and
6 linked 9 modulation
7 striatal 8 dopamine
8 dopamine 9 modulation
9 modulation 10 to
9 modulation 12 implicit
9 modulation 18 learning
10 to 11 both
12 implicit 15 as
13 as 14 well
14 well 15 as
15 as 17 sequence
16 explicit 17 sequence
19 and 20 suggested
19 and 33 during
20 suggested 23 role
20 suggested 27 in
21 a 23 role
22 potential 23 role
23 role 24 of
24 of 26 striatum
25 the 26 striatum
27 in 29 emergence
28 the 29 emergence
29 emergence 30 of
30 of 32 memory
31 explicit 32 memory
33 during 34 sequence
34 sequence 35 learning

with respect to aging , previous findings indicated that implicit memory is less impaired than explicit memory in older adults and that genetic effects on cognition are magnified by aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 with 2 respect
1 with 3 to
1 with 5 ,
1 with 7 findings
3 to 4 aging
6 previous 7 findings
7 findings 8 indicated
8 indicated 11 memory
8 indicated 14 impaired
9 that 10 implicit
10 implicit 11 memory
11 memory 12 is
12 is 13 less
12 is 14 impaired
14 impaired 15 than
15 than 17 memory
16 explicit 17 memory
17 memory 18 in
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 and 24 effects
21 and 28 magnified
22 that 23 genetic
23 genetic 24 effects
24 effects 25 on
24 effects 27 are
25 on 26 cognition
27 are 28 magnified
28 magnified 29 by
29 by 30 aging

to understand the links between these findings , we investigated effects of aging and genotypes relevant for striatal dopamine on the implicit and explicit components of sequence learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 2 understand
1 to 8 ,
1 to 9 we
2 understand 4 links
2 understand 5 between
3 the 4 links
5 between 7 findings
6 these 7 findings
9 we 14 and
10 investigated 11 effects
10 investigated 14 and
11 effects 12 of
12 of 13 aging
14 and 15 genotypes
15 genotypes 25 components
16 relevant 17 for
16 relevant 20 on
16 relevant 23 and
17 for 19 dopamine
18 striatal 19 dopamine
20 on 22 implicit
21 the 22 implicit
23 and 24 explicit
23 and 25 components
25 components 26 of
26 of 27 sequence
27 sequence 28 learning

reaction [time] ( rt ) and error data from 80 younger ( 20 - 30 years [ )(and 70 older adults ( 60 - 71 years ) during a serial reaction time task showed that age differences in learning - related reduction of rts emerged gradually over the course of learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 reaction 4 rt
1 reaction 6 and
3 ( 4 rt
4 rt 5 )
6 and 8 data
6 and 11 younger
6 and 34 showed
7 error 8 data
8 data 9 from
9 from 10 80
11 younger 14 -
11 younger 28 during
12 ( 14 -
13 20 14 -
14 - 18 )(and
14 - 27 )
15 30 18 )(and
16 years 18 )(and
18 )(and 21 adults
18 )(and 24 -
19 70 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
22 ( 24 -
23 60 24 -
24 - 26 years
24 - 27 )
25 71 26 years
28 during 33 task
29 a 30 serial
29 a 33 task
30 serial 31 reaction
31 reaction 33 task
32 time 33 task
34 showed 36 age
34 showed 37 differences
34 showed 45 emerged
35 that 36 age
37 differences 38 in
37 differences 45 emerged
38 in 39 learning
40 - 41 related
41 related 42 reduction
41 related 45 emerged
42 reduction 43 of
43 of 44 rts
45 emerged 46 gradually
45 emerged 47 over
47 over 49 course
48 the 49 course
49 course 50 of
50 of 51 learning

verbal recall and measures derived from the process - dissociation procedure revealed that younger adults acquired more explicit memory about the sequence than older adults , potentially causing age differences in rt gains in later stages of learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 verbal 2 recall
2 recall 3 and
3 and 4 measures
3 and 5 derived
3 and 13 that
3 and 16 acquired
5 derived 6 from
5 derived 9 -
5 derived 12 revealed
6 from 8 process
7 the 8 process
10 dissociation 12 revealed
11 procedure 12 revealed
13 that 15 adults
13 that 16 acquired
14 younger 15 adults
15 adults 16 acquired
16 acquired 19 memory
16 acquired 20 about
16 acquired 23 than
17 more 18 explicit
18 explicit 19 memory
20 about 22 sequence
21 the 22 sequence
23 than 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
26 , 28 causing
26 , 33 gains
27 potentially 28 causing
28 causing 30 differences
28 causing 31 in
28 causing 33 gains
29 age 30 differences
31 in 32 rt
33 gains 34 in
34 in 36 stages
35 later 36 stages
36 stages 37 of
37 of 38 learning

of specific interest , polymorphisms of the dopamine - and camp - regulated neuronal phosphoprotein ( darpp - 32 , rs907094 ) and dopamine transporter ( dat , vntr ) genes showed interactive effects on overall rts and verbal recall of the sequence in [older] but not in younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 of 3 interest
1 of 4 ,
1 of 10 and
2 specific 3 interest
5 polymorphisms 6 of
5 polymorphisms 10 and
6 of 8 dopamine
7 the 8 dopamine
9 - 10 and
10 and 11 camp
10 and 12 -
10 and 13 regulated
13 regulated 15 phosphoprotein
14 neuronal 15 phosphoprotein
15 phosphoprotein 23 and
16 ( 23 and
17 darpp 19 32
17 darpp 23 and
18 - 19 32
19 32 21 rs907094
19 32 22 )
20 , 21 rs907094
21 rs907094 22 )
23 and 25 transporter
23 and 27 dat
23 and 28 ,
24 dopamine 25 transporter
26 ( 27 dat
27 dat 28 ,
28 , 31 genes
28 , 32 showed
29 vntr 30 )
29 vntr 31 genes
31 genes 32 showed
32 showed 34 effects
33 interactive 34 effects
34 effects 35 on
35 on 38 and
36 overall 37 rts
37 rts 38 and
38 and 40 recall
38 and 41 of
38 and 46 but
39 verbal 40 recall
41 of 43 sequence
42 the 43 sequence
44 in 46 but
46 but 47 not
46 but 48 in
46 but 50 adults
49 younger 50 adults

together our findings show that variations [in] [genotypes] relevant for dopamine functions are associated more with aging - related impairments in the explicit than the implicit component of sequence learning , providing support for theories emphasizing the role of dopaminergic modulation in cognitive aging and the magnification of genetic effects in human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 together 3 findings
2 our 3 findings
3 findings 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 6 variations
5 that 14 associated
6 variations 9 relevant
6 variations 12 functions
6 variations 13 are
6 variations 14 associated
9 relevant 10 for
10 for 11 dopamine
12 functions 13 are
14 associated 15 more
14 associated 16 with
16 with 17 aging
17 aging 19 related
17 aging 20 impairments
17 aging 21 in
17 aging 24 than
18 - 19 related
21 in 23 explicit
22 the 23 explicit
24 than 27 component
24 than 28 of
25 the 27 component
26 implicit 27 component
28 of 29 sequence
29 sequence 30 learning
30 learning 32 providing
30 learning 39 of
30 learning 42 in
31 , 32 providing
32 providing 33 support
32 providing 34 for
34 for 35 theories
35 theories 36 emphasizing
36 emphasizing 38 role
37 the 38 role
39 of 41 modulation
40 dopaminergic 41 modulation
42 in 45 and
43 cognitive 44 aging
44 aging 45 and
45 and 47 magnification
45 and 54 .
46 the 47 magnification
47 magnification 48 of
48 of 50 effects
49 genetic 50 effects
50 effects 51 in
50 effects 53 aging
51 in 52 human

background : resveratrol is a key component of red wine that has been reported to have anti - carcinogenic and anti - aging properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 resveratrol
2 : 4 is
2 : 14 reported
3 resveratrol 4 is
4 is 7 component
4 is 8 of
5 a 7 component
6 key 7 component
8 of 9 red
10 wine 11 that
10 wine 13 been
10 wine 14 reported
11 that 12 has
12 has 13 been
14 reported 15 to
15 to 16 have
16 have 24 properties
17 anti 20 and
17 anti 22 -
17 anti 24 properties
18 - 20 and
19 carcinogenic 20 and
20 and 21 anti
20 and 22 -
23 aging 24 properties

additional studies conducted in [vitro] and in animal models suggested anti - inflammatory properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 additional 2 studies
2 studies 3 conducted
2 studies 10 suggested
3 conducted 6 and
4 in 6 and
6 and 7 in
6 and 9 models
8 animal 9 models
10 suggested 14 properties
11 anti 12 -
11 anti 14 properties
13 inflammatory 14 properties

however , data from primary human immune cells and in [vivo] studies are limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 data
3 data 9 and
3 data 13 are
4 from 8 cells
4 from 9 and
5 primary 8 cells
6 human 8 cells
7 immune 8 cells
9 and 10 in
10 in 12 studies
13 are 14 limited

methods : a pilot study was performed including 10 healthy volunteers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 pilot
3 a 4 pilot
4 pilot 5 study
4 pilot 6 was
4 pilot 7 performed
4 pilot 8 including
5 study 6 was
8 including 11 volunteers
9 10 11 volunteers
10 healthy 11 volunteers

plasma cytokine levels were measured over 48 h after oral application of 5 g resveratrol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 plasma 3 levels
2 cytokine 3 levels
3 levels 4 were
4 were 5 measured
5 measured 9 after
6 over 7 48
7 48 8 h
8 h 9 after
9 after 11 application
10 oral 11 application
11 application 12 of
12 of 15 resveratrol
13 5 14 g
14 g 15 resveratrol

to verify [the] in vivo findings , cytokine release and gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmc ) [and/or] monocytes was assessed after treatment with resveratrol or its metabolites and stimulation with several toll - like receptor [(] tlr ) - agonists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 -
1 to 2 verify
1 to 24 was
2 verify 5 vivo
2 verify 12 expression
2 verify 23 monocytes
4 in 5 vivo
6 findings 7 ,
7 , 9 release
7 , 10 and
8 cytokine 9 release
10 and 11 gene
10 and 12 expression
12 expression 13 in
12 expression 20 pbmc
12 expression 23 monocytes
13 in 18 cells
14 human 16 blood
15 peripheral 16 blood
16 blood 18 cells
17 mononuclear 18 cells
19 ( 20 pbmc
20 pbmc 21 )
24 was 25 assessed
25 assessed 26 after
26 after 33 and
26 after 37 toll
27 treatment 28 with
27 treatment 33 and
28 with 30 or
29 resveratrol 30 or
30 or 32 metabolites
31 its 32 metabolites
33 and 34 stimulation
33 and 35 with
33 and 37 toll
35 with 36 several
37 toll 39 like
38 - 39 like
39 like 42 tlr
39 like 43 )
40 receptor 42 tlr
44 - 45 agonists
44 - 46 .

additionally , the impact on intracellular signaling pathways was analyzed using a reporter cell line and western blotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 impact
3 the 4 impact
4 impact 5 on
4 impact 9 was
5 on 8 pathways
6 intracellular 8 pathways
7 signaling 8 pathways
9 was 10 analyzed
10 analyzed 11 using
11 using 16 and
12 a 15 line
13 reporter 15 line
14 cell 15 line
15 line 16 and
16 and 18 blotting
17 western 18 blotting

results : resveratrol treated individuals showed a significant increase in tumor necrosis [factor] - α ( tnf - α ) levels 24 h after treatment compared to baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 resveratrol
2 : 10 in
3 resveratrol 4 treated
3 resveratrol 5 individuals
3 resveratrol 6 showed
5 individuals 6 showed
6 showed 9 increase
7 a 8 significant
7 a 9 increase
8 significant 9 increase
10 in 12 necrosis
11 tumor 12 necrosis
14 - 21 levels
15 α 17 tnf
15 α 20 )
15 α 21 levels
16 ( 17 tnf
17 tnf 19 α
17 tnf 20 )
18 - 19 α
19 α 20 )
21 levels 24 after
21 levels 26 compared
22 24 23 h
23 h 24 after
24 after 25 treatment
26 compared 27 to
27 to 28 baseline

studies using human pbmc or isolated monocytes confirmed potentiation of tnf - α production with different tlr agonists , [while] interleukin ( il ) - 10 was inhibited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 studies 2 using
1 studies 27 was
2 using 14 production
2 using 15 with
3 human 14 production
4 pbmc 5 or
5 or 9 potentiation
5 or 12 -
5 or 14 production
6 isolated 9 potentiation
7 monocytes 8 confirmed
8 confirmed 9 potentiation
9 potentiation 10 of
10 of 11 tnf
13 α 14 production
15 with 18 agonists
15 with 26 10
16 different 18 agonists
17 tlr 18 agonists
18 agonists 21 interleukin
19 , 21 interleukin
21 interleukin 23 il
21 interleukin 24 )
22 ( 23 il
23 il 24 )
25 - 26 10
27 was 28 inhibited

moreover , we observed significantly enhanced nuclear factor ['] kappa - light - chain - enhancer ['] of [activated] b - cells ( nf - κb ) activation using a reporter cell line and found increased phosphorylation of p105 , which is indicative of alternative nf - κb pathway activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 kappa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 moreover 6 enhanced
2 , 4 observed
3 we 4 observed
4 observed 6 enhanced
5 significantly 6 enhanced
6 enhanced 8 factor
7 nuclear 8 factor
8 factor 10 kappa
11 - 12 light
11 - 21 -
12 light 15 -
13 - 15 -
14 chain 15 -
15 - 16 enhancer
16 enhancer 18 of
18 of 20 b
21 - 22 cells
22 cells 25 -
22 cells 34 and
23 ( 25 -
24 nf 25 -
25 - 28 activation
26 κb 27 )
26 κb 28 activation
28 activation 29 using
29 using 32 cell
30 a 32 cell
31 reporter 32 cell
33 line 34 and
34 and 35 found
35 found 37 phosphorylation
35 found 46 nf
36 increased 37 phosphorylation
37 phosphorylation 38 of
37 phosphorylation 44 of
38 of 39 p105
39 p105 41 which
40 , 41 which
41 which 42 is
42 is 43 indicative
44 of 45 alternative
46 nf 50 activation
47 - 50 activation
48 κb 50 activation
49 pathway 50 activation
50 activation 51 .

general significance : by administering resveratrol to healthy humans and utilizing primary immune cells we were able to detect tnf - α enhancing properties of the agent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 general 2 significance
2 significance 3 :
3 : 4 by
3 : 7 to
4 by 5 administering
5 administering 6 resveratrol
7 to 9 humans
8 healthy 9 humans
10 and 14 cells
10 and 19 detect
11 utilizing 14 cells
12 primary 14 cells
13 immune 14 cells
14 cells 15 we
14 cells 18 to
14 cells 19 detect
15 we 16 were
16 were 17 able
17 able 18 to
19 detect 20 tnf
20 tnf 22 α
21 - 22 α
22 α 23 enhancing
22 α 25 of
22 α 28 .
23 enhancing 24 properties
25 of 27 agent
26 the 27 agent

in parallel , we found enhanced alternative nf - κb activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parallel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 κb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 parallel
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 found
3 , 9 -
4 we 5 found
5 found 8 nf
6 enhanced 8 nf
7 alternative 8 nf
9 - 10 κb
10 κb 11 activation

we report on a novel pro - inflammatory property of resveratrol which has to be considered in concepts of its biologic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
1 we 2 report
2 report 3 on
3 on 6 pro
4 a 6 pro
5 novel 6 pro
6 pro 9 property
7 - 9 property
8 inflammatory 9 property
9 property 10 of
9 property 12 which
9 property 13 has
9 property 23 .
10 of 11 resveratrol
12 which 13 has
13 has 14 to
13 has 16 considered
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 considered
16 considered 17 in
17 in 18 concepts
18 concepts 19 of
19 of 22 activity
20 its 22 activity
21 biologic 22 activity

clinical feature selection problem is the task of selecting and [identifying] a subset of informative clinical features that are useful for promoting accurate clinical diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 problem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 clinical 4 problem
2 feature 4 problem
3 selection 4 problem
4 problem 5 is
5 is 7 task
6 the 7 task
7 task 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 selecting 10 and
10 and 13 subset
10 and 14 of
10 and 18 that
10 and 19 are
10 and 21 for
12 a 13 subset
14 of 17 features
15 informative 17 features
16 clinical 17 features
18 that 19 are
19 are 20 useful
21 for 22 promoting
22 promoting 25 diagnosis
23 accurate 25 diagnosis
24 clinical 25 diagnosis

this is a significant task of pragmatic value in the clinical settings as each clinical test is associated with a different financial cost , diagnostic value , and risk for obtaining the measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 task
2 is 19 with
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 task
4 significant 5 task
5 task 6 of
5 task 18 associated
6 of 8 value
7 pragmatic 8 value
8 value 9 in
9 in 12 settings
10 the 12 settings
11 clinical 12 settings
13 as 16 test
13 as 18 associated
14 each 16 test
15 clinical 16 test
16 test 17 is
17 is 18 associated
19 with 28 and
20 a 23 cost
21 different 23 cost
22 financial 23 cost
23 cost 24 ,
24 , 26 value
24 , 28 and
25 diagnostic 26 value
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 risk
29 risk 30 for
30 for 31 obtaining
31 obtaining 33 measurement
32 the 33 measurement

moreover , with continual introduction of new clinical features , the need to repeat the feature selection task can be [very] time consuming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 12 need
2 , 3 with
3 with 5 introduction
3 with 10 ,
3 with 12 need
4 continual 5 introduction
5 introduction 6 of
6 of 9 features
7 new 9 features
8 clinical 9 features
11 the 12 need
12 need 13 to
12 need 14 repeat
12 need 19 can
13 to 14 repeat
14 repeat 18 task
15 the 18 task
16 feature 18 task
17 selection 18 task
19 can 20 be
20 be 23 consuming
22 time 23 consuming

therefore to address this issue , we propose a novel feature selection technique for diagnosis of myocardial infarction - one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many high - income countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 therefore 7 we
2 to 3 address
2 to 6 ,
2 to 7 we
3 address 5 issue
4 this 5 issue
7 we 8 propose
8 propose 13 technique
9 a 10 novel
9 a 13 technique
10 novel 11 feature
11 feature 12 selection
12 selection 13 technique
13 technique 14 for
13 technique 16 of
14 for 15 diagnosis
16 of 18 infarction
17 myocardial 18 infarction
19 - 27 and
20 one 21 of
20 one 25 of
20 one 27 and
21 of 24 causes
22 the 24 causes
23 leading 24 causes
25 of 26 morbidity
27 and 28 mortality
27 and 29 in
29 in 34 countries
30 many 34 countries
31 high 32 -
31 high 33 income
33 income 34 countries

this method adopts the conceptual framework of biological [continuum] , the optimization capability of genetic algorithm [for] performing feature selection and the classification ability [of] support vector machine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adopts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 method
2 method 3 adopts
3 adopts 6 framework
4 the 6 framework
5 conceptual 6 framework
6 framework 7 of
7 of 21 and
8 biological 10 ,
10 , 13 capability
10 , 21 and
11 the 13 capability
12 optimization 13 capability
13 capability 14 of
14 of 20 selection
15 genetic 16 algorithm
16 algorithm 18 performing
18 performing 19 feature
19 feature 20 selection
21 and 28 machine
22 the 28 machine
23 classification 28 machine
24 ability 28 machine
26 support 28 machine
27 vector 28 machine

together , a network of clinical risk factors , called the biological [continuum] based etiological network ( bcen ) , was constructed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 network
3 a 4 network
4 network 5 of
4 network 21 was
5 of 8 factors
6 clinical 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
8 factors 10 called
9 , 10 called
10 called 16 network
10 called 20 ,
11 the 16 network
12 biological 16 network
14 based 16 network
15 etiological 16 network
16 network 18 bcen
17 ( 18 bcen
18 bcen 19 )
21 was 22 constructed

evaluation of the proposed methods was carried out using the cardiovascular heart study ( chs ) [dataset] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 evaluation 2 of
1 evaluation 6 was
2 of 5 methods
3 the 5 methods
4 proposed 5 methods
6 was 7 carried
7 carried 8 out
7 carried 9 using
9 using 13 study
10 the 13 study
11 cardiovascular 12 heart
12 heart 13 study
13 study 15 chs
14 ( 15 chs
15 chs 16 )

results demonstrate a significant speedup [of] 4.73 [-] [fold] can be achieved for the development of mi classification model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 19 model
3 a 4 significant
3 a 19 model
4 significant 5 speedup
5 speedup 7 4.73
5 speedup 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 achieved
12 achieved 13 for
13 for 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 17 mi
18 classification 19 model

the key advantage of this methodology is the provision of a reusable [(] feature subset [ )(paradigm for efficient development of up [-] to [-] date and efficacious clinical classification models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 advantage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 advantage
2 key 3 advantage
3 advantage 4 of
3 advantage 7 is
4 of 6 methodology
5 this 6 methodology
7 is 9 provision
8 the 9 provision
9 provision 10 of
9 provision 21 of
10 of 17 )(paradigm
11 a 12 reusable
11 a 17 )(paradigm
12 reusable 14 feature
14 feature 17 )(paradigm
15 subset 17 )(paradigm
17 )(paradigm 18 for
18 for 20 development
19 efficient 20 development
21 of 31 models
22 up 26 date
22 up 27 and
24 to 26 date
27 and 28 efficacious
27 and 31 models
29 clinical 30 classification
30 classification 31 models

because of the wide variation in multiple myeloma ( [mm] [ )(survival , numerous studies have focused over the past 40 years on the biological and cytogenetic prognostic values in [mm] patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 15 studies
2 of 5 variation
3 the 5 variation
4 wide 5 variation
5 variation 6 in
5 variation 12 )(survival
6 in 8 myeloma
7 multiple 8 myeloma
9 ( 12 )(survival
12 )(survival 13 ,
14 numerous 15 studies
15 studies 16 have
16 have 17 focused
17 focused 18 over
17 focused 23 on
18 over 22 years
19 the 20 past
19 the 21 40
21 40 22 years
23 on 29 values
24 the 29 values
25 biological 26 and
26 and 27 cytogenetic
26 and 29 values
28 prognostic 29 values
29 values 30 in
30 in 32 patients

since 2005 , the mm international staging system ( iss ) has recognized the combination of beta - 2 microglobulin ( β2 [m] ) with serum albumin ( sa ) concentrations as the most simple and potent combination to determine the prognosis in [mm] patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 iss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 since 2 2005
1 since 3 ,
1 since 10 iss
4 the 10 iss
5 mm 6 international
6 international 7 staging
7 staging 8 system
8 system 10 iss
9 ( 10 iss
10 iss 11 )
10 iss 12 has
12 has 13 recognized
13 recognized 15 combination
13 recognized 25 with
13 recognized 32 as
14 the 15 combination
15 combination 16 of
16 of 17 beta
17 beta 20 microglobulin
18 - 20 microglobulin
19 2 20 microglobulin
20 microglobulin 22 β2
20 microglobulin 24 )
21 ( 22 β2
22 β2 24 )
25 with 27 albumin
25 with 31 concentrations
26 serum 27 albumin
27 albumin 29 sa
28 ( 29 sa
29 sa 30 )
32 as 36 and
33 the 35 simple
34 most 35 simple
35 simple 36 and
36 and 38 combination
36 and 39 to
36 and 40 determine
37 potent 38 combination
39 to 40 determine
40 determine 42 prognosis
40 determine 43 in
41 the 42 prognosis
43 in 45 patients

curiously , the reasons for the efficiency of the combination of β2 [m] with sa remain [not] clear - cut . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 remain
1 curiously 2 ,
1 curiously 4 reasons
3 the 4 reasons
4 reasons 5 for
4 reasons 16 remain
5 for 7 efficiency
6 the 7 efficiency
7 efficiency 8 of
8 of 10 combination
9 the 10 combination
10 combination 11 of
11 of 12 β2
12 β2 14 with
14 with 15 sa
16 remain 18 clear
18 clear 20 cut
19 - 20 cut
20 cut 21 .

[in] 2007 , fonseca and san miguel ( prognostic factors and staging in multiple myeloma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 2007
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
3 , 5 and
4 fonseca 5 and
5 and 7 miguel
6 san 7 miguel
7 miguel 11 and
8 ( 11 and
9 prognostic 10 factors
10 factors 11 and
11 and 12 staging
11 and 13 in
11 and 16 .
13 in 15 myeloma
14 multiple 15 myeloma

hematol oncol clin north am [2007] ; 21:1115 - 40 ) underlined that cytogenetic assessment might also be useful for evaluating [mm] [prognosis] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 am
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 hematol 2 oncol
2 oncol 3 clin
3 clin 4 north
4 north 5 am
7 ; 15 assessment
7 ; 18 be
8 21:1115 10 40
8 21:1115 15 assessment
9 - 10 40
10 40 11 )
12 underlined 15 assessment
13 that 14 cytogenetic
14 cytogenetic 15 assessment
15 assessment 16 might
16 might 18 be
17 also 18 be
18 be 19 useful
19 useful 20 for
20 for 21 evaluating

furthermore , new perspectives recently appeared with the genomic approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 perspectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 perspectives
3 new 4 perspectives
4 perspectives 6 appeared
5 recently 6 appeared
6 appeared 7 with
7 with 10 approach
8 the 10 approach
9 genomic 10 approach

thus , we suggest that : [(] 1 [ )(cytogenetics with the superscript [mm] - iss could be the standard method ; ( 2 [ )(some factors discovered using genomics could reflect the comorbidity burden and the intrinsic malignancy of [mm] clone , and thus [needs] more investigation [;] [and] ( 3 [ )( waiting for standard genomic classification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 we
3 we 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
6 : 8 1
6 : 10 )(cytogenetics
6 : 15 -
8 1 10 )(cytogenetics
10 )(cytogenetics 11 with
11 with 13 superscript
12 the 13 superscript
15 - 16 iss
15 - 18 be
15 - 22 ;
16 iss 17 could
17 could 18 be
18 be 21 method
19 the 21 method
20 standard 21 method
22 ; 29 using
22 ; 32 reflect
23 ( 28 discovered
24 2 26 )(some
24 2 27 factors
24 2 28 discovered
26 )(some 27 factors
28 discovered 29 using
29 using 30 genomics
29 using 31 could
31 could 32 reflect
32 reflect 36 and
33 the 36 and
34 comorbidity 35 burden
35 burden 36 and
36 and 39 malignancy
36 and 40 of
37 the 39 malignancy
38 intrinsic 39 malignancy
40 of 48 investigation
42 clone 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 thus
44 and 47 more
44 and 48 investigation
48 investigation 52 3
51 ( 52 3
52 3 55 waiting
52 3 56 for
52 3 60 .
56 for 59 classification
57 standard 59 classification
58 genomic 59 classification

background : c - reactive protein ( crp ) , an inflammatory biomarker , is influenced by many factors , including socioeconomic position , genetics , and diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 c
2 : 4 -
3 c 4 -
4 - 6 protein
5 reactive 6 protein
6 protein 8 crp
6 protein 13 biomarker
6 protein 15 is
7 ( 8 crp
8 crp 9 )
10 , 13 biomarker
11 an 12 inflammatory
11 an 13 biomarker
12 inflammatory 13 biomarker
13 biomarker 14 ,
15 is 16 influenced
16 influenced 17 by
17 by 19 factors
18 many 19 factors
19 factors 21 including
20 , 21 including
21 including 27 and
21 including 29 .
22 socioeconomic 23 position
23 position 24 ,
24 , 25 genetics
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 diet

the inverse association [between] diet and crp is biologically feasible because micronutrients with antioxidative properties may enable the body to manage the balance between production and accumulation of reactive species that cause oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 diet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 5 diet
2 inverse 5 diet
3 association 5 diet
6 and 7 crp
6 and 8 is
7 crp 8 is
8 is 9 biologically
8 is 10 feasible
10 feasible 11 because
10 feasible 20 to
10 feasible 21 manage
11 because 12 micronutrients
11 because 17 enable
12 micronutrients 13 with
12 micronutrients 16 may
13 with 15 properties
14 antioxidative 15 properties
16 may 17 enable
17 enable 19 body
18 the 19 body
20 to 21 manage
21 manage 23 balance
21 manage 24 between
22 the 23 balance
24 between 26 and
25 production 26 and
26 and 27 accumulation
26 and 28 of
28 of 30 species
29 reactive 30 species
30 species 31 that
30 species 32 cause
31 that 32 cause
32 cause 34 stress
33 oxidative 34 stress

objective : to determine the quality of the diet consumed by urban , low - income [african] - american and white adults aged 30 to 64 years , and association of diet quality with crp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 quality
4 determine 11 by
4 determine 25 to
4 determine 34 with
5 the 6 quality
6 quality 7 of
6 quality 10 consumed
7 of 9 diet
8 the 9 diet
11 by 22 adults
12 urban 16 income
12 urban 18 -
12 urban 22 adults
13 , 16 income
14 low 15 -
14 low 16 income
16 income 18 -
19 american 20 and
20 and 21 white
20 and 22 adults
22 adults 23 aged
23 aged 24 30
25 to 29 and
26 64 27 years
27 years 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 association
29 and 31 of
31 of 33 quality
32 diet 33 quality
34 with 35 crp

design : data from a cross - sectional study were used to evaluate diet quality assessed by mean adequacy [ratio] ( mar ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 data
3 data 4 from
3 data 17 by
4 from 6 cross
5 a 6 cross
6 cross 16 assessed
7 - 16 assessed
8 sectional 9 study
9 study 10 were
10 were 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 evaluate
12 to 13 evaluate
13 evaluate 15 quality
13 evaluate 16 assessed
14 diet 15 quality
15 quality 16 assessed
17 by 19 adequacy
18 mean 19 adequacy
19 adequacy 22 mar
21 ( 22 mar
22 mar 23 )

two 24 [-] hour recalls were collected by trained interviewers using the us department of agriculture automated multiple pass method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recalls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 two 5 recalls
2 24 4 hour
4 hour 5 recalls
5 recalls 6 were
6 were 7 collected
7 collected 8 by
7 collected 11 using
8 by 10 interviewers
9 trained 10 interviewers
11 using 14 department
12 the 14 department
13 us 14 department
14 department 15 of
15 of 20 method
16 agriculture 17 automated
17 automated 18 multiple
18 multiple 20 method
19 pass 20 method

participants : the sample consisted of healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span baseline study participants , 2004 - 2009 , who completed both recalls ( n=2,017 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 sample
2 : 5 consisted
3 the 4 sample
4 sample 5 consisted
5 consisted 6 of
6 of 8 aging
7 healthy 8 aging
8 aging 9 in
8 aging 13 across
9 in 10 neighborhoods
10 neighborhoods 11 of
11 of 12 diversity
13 across 19 participants
14 the 19 participants
15 life 16 span
16 span 19 participants
17 baseline 19 participants
18 study 19 participants
19 participants 22 -
20 , 22 -
21 2004 22 -
22 - 23 2009
22 - 25 who
22 - 31 )
24 , 25 who
25 who 26 completed
25 who 31 )
26 completed 28 recalls
27 both 28 recalls
28 recalls 30 n=2,017
29 ( 30 n=2,017
30 n=2,017 31 )

main outcome measures : mar equaled the average of the ratio of intakes to recommended dietary allowance for 15 vitamins and minerals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 5 mar
4 : 6 equaled
4 : 23 .
5 mar 6 equaled
6 equaled 8 average
6 equaled 14 to
7 the 8 average
8 average 9 of
9 of 11 ratio
10 the 11 ratio
11 ratio 12 of
12 of 13 intakes
14 to 17 allowance
15 recommended 16 dietary
16 dietary 17 allowance
17 allowance 18 for
18 for 21 and
19 15 20 vitamins
20 vitamins 21 and
21 and 22 minerals

crp levels were assessed by the nephelometric method utilizing latex particles coated with crp monoclonal antibodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 crp 2 levels
1 crp 3 were
1 crp 4 assessed
2 levels 3 were
4 assessed 5 by
4 assessed 11 particles
4 assessed 12 coated
5 by 8 method
6 the 8 method
7 nephelometric 8 method
8 method 9 utilizing
9 utilizing 10 latex
11 particles 12 coated
12 coated 13 with
12 coated 16 antibodies
13 with 14 crp
15 monoclonal 16 antibodies

results : mar scores ranged from 74.3 to 82.2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 scores
3 mar 4 scores
4 scores 5 ranged
5 ranged 8 to
6 from 8 to
7 74.3 8 to
8 to 9 82.2

intakes of magnesium and vitamins a , [c] , and [e] were the most [inadequate] compared with estimated average requirements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 intakes 2 of
1 intakes 4 and
2 of 3 magnesium
4 and 5 vitamins
4 and 7 ,
5 vitamins 6 a
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 were
10 and 16 compared
12 were 14 most
12 were 16 compared
13 the 14 most
16 compared 17 with
17 with 20 requirements
18 estimated 19 average
19 average 20 requirements

crp levels were significantly associated with mar , dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry - measured body fat , and hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 crp 2 levels
2 levels 3 were
3 were 5 associated
4 significantly 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 21 and
7 mar 11 energy
7 mar 21 and
8 , 11 energy
9 dual 10 -
9 dual 11 energy
11 energy 12 x
11 energy 17 measured
11 energy 20 ,
12 x 15 absorptiometry
12 x 17 measured
13 - 15 absorptiometry
14 ray 15 absorptiometry
15 absorptiometry 16 -
17 measured 19 fat
18 body 19 fat
21 and 22 hypertension

a 10 % increase in mar was associated with a 4 % decrease in crp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 4 increase
2 10 3 %
3 % 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
4 increase 7 was
5 in 6 mar
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 14 in
9 with 13 decrease
10 a 13 decrease
11 4 12 %
12 % 13 decrease
14 in 15 crp

conclusions : the mar was independently and significantly inversely associated with crp , suggesting [diet] is associated with the regulation of inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 mar
2 : 7 and
2 : 13 ,
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 mar
4 mar 7 and
5 was 6 independently
5 was 7 and
7 and 10 associated
7 and 11 with
8 significantly 10 associated
9 inversely 10 associated
11 with 12 crp
13 , 14 suggesting
13 , 17 associated
14 suggesting 16 is
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 regulation
19 the 20 regulation
20 regulation 21 of
21 of 22 inflammation

interventions to [assist] people make better food choices may not only improve diet quality but also their health , thereby possibly reducing risk for cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 make
1 interventions 2 to
1 interventions 5 make
2 to 4 people
5 make 7 food
5 make 15 but
5 make 22 reducing
6 better 7 food
7 food 8 choices
7 food 12 improve
8 choices 9 may
9 may 10 not
9 may 12 improve
11 only 12 improve
13 diet 14 quality
14 quality 15 but
15 but 16 also
15 but 18 health
17 their 18 health
19 , 22 reducing
20 thereby 22 reducing
21 possibly 22 reducing
22 reducing 23 risk
22 reducing 27 .
23 risk 24 for
24 for 26 disease
25 cardiovascular 26 disease

background & aims : metabolic [syndrome] ( mets ) is associated with incident disability in middle [-] aged subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 &
2 & 3 aims
4 : 5 metabolic
4 : 11 associated
4 : 20 .
5 metabolic 8 mets
5 metabolic 10 is
7 ( 8 mets
8 mets 9 )
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 15 in
12 with 14 disability
13 incident 14 disability
15 in 19 subjects
16 middle 18 aged
18 aged 19 subjects

we evaluated the association of mets with functional ability in an older population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 association
2 evaluated 7 with
2 evaluated 10 in
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 of
5 of 6 mets
7 with 9 ability
8 functional 9 ability
10 in 13 population
11 an 13 population
12 older 13 population

methods : we enrolled 1155 participants aged 65+ , derived from the inchianti study , and followed for 3 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 enrolled
3 we 4 enrolled
4 enrolled 6 participants
5 1155 6 participants
6 participants 16 and
7 aged 8 65+
7 aged 16 and
8 65+ 10 derived
9 , 10 derived
10 derived 11 from
10 derived 15 ,
11 from 14 study
12 the 14 study
13 inchianti 14 study
16 and 17 followed
16 and 18 for
18 for 20 years
19 3 20 years

mets was diagnosed according to the national cholesterol education program 's atp [-] iii criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mets 2 was
2 was 3 diagnosed
3 diagnosed 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 15 criteria
6 the 10 program
7 national 8 cholesterol
8 cholesterol 9 education
9 education 10 program
10 program 11 's
11 's 15 criteria
12 atp 14 iii
12 atp 15 criteria

functional ability was estimated using the katz 's activities of daily living ( adls ) , and the lawton and brody for the instrumental activities of daily living ( iadls ) scales . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 functional 2 ability
2 ability 3 was
3 was 4 estimated
4 estimated 5 using
5 using 17 and
6 the 7 katz
7 katz 8 's
8 's 17 and
9 activities 10 of
9 activities 17 and
10 of 12 living
11 daily 12 living
12 living 14 adls
13 ( 14 adls
14 adls 15 )
16 , 17 and
17 and 32 scales
18 the 32 scales
19 lawton 20 and
20 and 21 brody
20 and 26 of
20 and 30 iadls
20 and 32 scales
21 brody 22 for
22 for 25 activities
23 the 25 activities
24 instrumental 25 activities
26 of 28 living
27 daily 28 living
29 ( 30 iadls
30 iadls 31 )

the association between disability and mets at baseline and after [follow] - up was assessed by logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 14 was
3 between 5 and
4 disability 5 and
5 and 6 mets
5 and 9 and
7 at 8 baseline
7 at 9 and
9 and 10 after
10 after 13 up
12 - 13 up
14 was 15 assessed
15 assessed 16 by
16 by 18 regression
17 logistic 18 regression

also , mets was associated with reduced probability of incident adls disability [(] or = . 61 , 95 % ci . 41 - [.] 91 [;] p = [.] 016 ) , but [neither] with prevalent , [nor] incident iadls disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 3 mets
3 mets 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 probability
7 reduced 8 probability
8 probability 9 of
8 probability 14 or
8 probability 15 =
9 of 12 disability
10 incident 12 disability
11 adls 12 disability
14 or 15 =
16 . 17 61
16 . 18 ,
16 . 22 .
18 , 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
22 . 23 41
22 . 24 -
24 - 26 91
26 91 29 =
26 91 34 but
28 p 29 =
29 = 31 016
29 = 32 )
33 , 34 but
34 but 36 with
34 but 43 .
36 with 42 disability
37 prevalent 38 ,
37 prevalent 42 disability
40 incident 42 disability
41 iadls 42 disability

conclusions : in older persons , mets is associated with reduced probability of prevalent and incident adls disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 persons
4 older 5 persons
6 , 7 mets
6 , 9 associated
7 mets 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 probability
11 reduced 12 probability
12 probability 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 prevalent 15 and
15 and 18 disability
16 incident 18 disability
17 adls 18 disability

whether older persons with mets should receive treatment and whether the current diagnostic criteria for mets apply to older individuals need further investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 whether 3 persons
1 whether 7 receive
1 whether 9 and
2 older 3 persons
3 persons 4 with
3 persons 6 should
4 with 5 mets
6 should 7 receive
8 treatment 9 and
9 and 10 whether
9 and 14 criteria
9 and 17 apply
9 and 21 need
11 the 14 criteria
12 current 14 criteria
13 diagnostic 14 criteria
14 criteria 15 for
14 criteria 17 apply
15 for 16 mets
17 apply 18 to
18 to 20 individuals
19 older 20 individuals
21 need 23 investigation
22 further 23 investigation

previous literature suggests that age - related deficits of dual - task [walking] [are] particularly pronounced [with] second tasks that require continuous visual processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
1 previous 2 literature
2 literature 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
3 suggests 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 deficits
7 related 25 .
8 deficits 9 of
9 of 19 tasks
10 dual 11 -
10 dual 12 task
12 task 19 tasks
15 particularly 16 pronounced
16 pronounced 19 tasks
18 second 19 tasks
19 tasks 20 that
19 tasks 21 require
20 that 21 require
21 require 24 processing
22 continuous 24 processing
23 visual 24 processing

here we evaluate whether the difficulty of the [walking] task matters as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 evaluate
3 evaluate 4 whether
4 whether 6 difficulty
4 whether 11 matters
5 the 6 difficulty
6 difficulty 7 of
6 difficulty 11 matters
7 of 10 task
8 the 10 task
11 matters 12 as
12 as 13 well

to this end , participants were asked to walk along a straight pathway of 20 m length in four different [walking] conditions : [(] a [ )(wide path [and] preferred pace [;] [(] [b] [ )(narrow path and preferred pace , ( [c] [ )(wide path and fast pace , [(] [d] [ )(obstacled wide path and preferred pace . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 asked
1 to 3 end
1 to 4 ,
1 to 5 participants
2 this 3 end
5 participants 6 were
6 were 7 asked
7 asked 8 to
8 to 9 walk
9 walk 10 along
9 walk 17 length
9 walk 18 in
10 along 13 pathway
11 a 13 pathway
12 straight 13 pathway
13 pathway 14 of
14 of 16 m
15 20 16 m
18 in 22 conditions
19 four 22 conditions
20 different 22 conditions
22 conditions 23 :
23 : 28 path
23 : 30 preferred
25 a 28 path
27 )(wide 28 path
28 path 30 preferred
30 preferred 38 and
31 pace 37 path
36 )(narrow 37 path
37 path 38 and
38 and 40 pace
38 and 41 ,
38 and 49 pace
39 preferred 40 pace
42 ( 49 pace
45 )(wide 49 pace
46 path 47 and
47 and 48 fast
47 and 49 pace
49 pace 57 and
49 pace 60 .
50 , 57 and
54 )(obstacled 56 path
55 wide 56 path
56 path 57 and
57 and 59 pace
57 and 60 .
58 preferred 59 pace

each condition was performed concurrently with a task requiring visual processing or fine motor control , and all tasks [were] also performed alone which allowed us to calculate the dual - task costs ( dtc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 condition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 each 2 condition
2 condition 3 was
3 was 12 or
4 performed 5 concurrently
4 performed 6 with
4 performed 12 or
6 with 8 task
6 with 9 requiring
7 a 8 task
9 requiring 11 processing
10 visual 11 processing
12 or 13 fine
12 or 27 to
13 fine 15 control
13 fine 17 and
14 motor 15 control
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 tasks
18 all 19 tasks
19 tasks 22 performed
19 tasks 24 which
19 tasks 25 allowed
21 also 22 performed
22 performed 23 alone
24 which 25 allowed
25 allowed 26 us
27 to 28 calculate
28 calculate 33 costs
29 the 33 costs
30 dual 31 -
30 dual 32 task
32 task 33 costs
33 costs 35 dtc
34 ( 35 dtc
35 dtc 36 )

results showed that the age - related increase of dtc is substantially larger with [the] visually demanding than with the motor - demanding task , more so when walking on [a] narrow or obstacled path . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 3 that
3 that 5 age
3 that 11 is
4 the 5 age
5 age 11 is
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 increase
7 related 11 is
8 increase 9 of
9 of 10 dtc
11 is 12 substantially
11 is 13 larger
13 larger 14 with
14 with 17 demanding
16 visually 17 demanding
17 demanding 18 than
17 demanding 23 demanding
17 demanding 26 more
17 demanding 27 so
17 demanding 28 when
18 than 19 with
19 with 21 motor
20 the 21 motor
22 - 23 demanding
23 demanding 24 task
23 demanding 25 ,
28 when 29 walking
29 walking 30 on
30 on 33 or
32 narrow 33 or
33 or 35 path
33 or 36 .
34 obstacled 35 path

we attribute these observations to the fact that visual scanning of the environment becomes more crucial when walking in difficult terrains : the higher visual demand of those conditions accentuates the age - related deficits in coordinating them with a visual [non] - [walking] task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 we 2 attribute
2 attribute 4 observations
2 attribute 19 in
3 these 4 observations
4 observations 5 to
4 observations 10 scanning
4 observations 18 walking
5 to 7 fact
6 the 7 fact
8 that 10 scanning
9 visual 10 scanning
10 scanning 11 of
10 scanning 14 becomes
11 of 13 environment
12 the 13 environment
14 becomes 16 crucial
15 more 16 crucial
16 crucial 17 when
17 when 18 walking
19 in 21 terrains
20 difficult 21 terrains
22 : 26 demand
22 : 30 accentuates
22 : 34 related
23 the 26 demand
24 higher 26 demand
25 visual 26 demand
26 demand 27 of
26 demand 30 accentuates
27 of 29 conditions
28 those 29 conditions
30 accentuates 32 age
31 the 32 age
33 - 34 related
34 related 35 deficits
35 deficits 36 in
36 in 37 coordinating
37 coordinating 38 them
37 coordinating 39 with
39 with 45 task
40 a 45 task
41 visual 43 -
41 visual 45 task

several studies have quantified and compared balance recovery between healthy younger and older adults , using a variety of large postural perturbations and loss of balance directions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 5 and
4 quantified 5 and
5 and 6 compared
5 and 9 between
6 compared 8 recovery
7 balance 8 recovery
9 between 14 adults
10 healthy 14 adults
11 younger 12 and
12 and 13 older
12 and 14 adults
15 , 27 directions
16 using 27 directions
17 a 18 variety
18 variety 19 of
18 variety 23 and
19 of 22 perturbations
20 large 22 perturbations
21 postural 22 perturbations
23 and 24 loss
23 and 25 of
23 and 27 directions
25 of 26 balance

however , to the best of our knowledge , no studies at the threshold of balance recovery , where avoiding a fall is not always possible , have included middle [-] aged adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 studies
2 , 3 to
3 to 5 best
3 to 9 ,
3 to 11 studies
4 the 5 best
5 best 6 of
6 of 8 knowledge
7 our 8 knowledge
10 no 11 studies
11 studies 12 at
11 studies 28 have
12 at 14 threshold
13 the 14 threshold
14 threshold 15 of
15 of 17 recovery
16 balance 17 recovery
17 recovery 19 where
18 , 19 where
19 where 20 avoiding
19 where 23 is
19 where 27 ,
20 avoiding 22 fall
20 avoiding 23 is
21 a 22 fall
23 is 24 not
23 is 25 always
23 is 26 possible
28 have 29 included
29 included 33 adults
30 middle 32 aged
32 aged 33 adults

we thus determined the maximum lean angle from [which] 20 [younger] , 16 middle - aged and 16 older healthy adults could be suddenly released and still recover balance using a single step for forward , [sideways] [and] backward [leans] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 we 3 determined
2 thus 3 determined
3 determined 7 angle
3 determined 8 from
4 the 7 angle
5 maximum 7 angle
6 lean 7 angle
8 from 10 20
12 , 14 middle
12 , 15 -
13 16 14 middle
15 - 17 and
15 - 26 and
16 aged 17 and
17 and 21 adults
17 and 22 could
18 16 21 adults
19 older 21 adults
20 healthy 21 adults
22 could 23 be
23 be 26 and
24 suddenly 26 and
25 released 26 and
26 and 28 recover
27 still 28 recover
28 recover 29 balance
28 recover 30 using
28 recover 34 for
28 recover 39 backward
30 using 33 step
31 a 32 single
31 a 33 step
32 single 33 step
34 for 35 forward
36 , 39 backward
39 backward 41 .

results showed that the maximum lean angles of younger adults were 23 % greater than middle - aged adults and 48 % greater than older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 3 that
3 that 7 angles
3 that 11 were
4 the 7 angles
5 maximum 7 angles
6 lean 7 angles
7 angles 8 of
7 angles 11 were
8 of 10 adults
9 younger 10 adults
11 were 13 %
12 23 13 %
13 % 14 greater
13 % 20 and
14 greater 15 than
15 than 16 middle
17 - 20 and
18 aged 19 adults
19 adults 20 and
20 and 26 adults
20 and 27 .
21 48 26 adults
22 % 26 adults
23 greater 26 adults
24 than 25 older
25 older 26 adults

the maximum lean angles [for] forward leans were 23 % greater than sideways leans and 22 % greater than backward leans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maximum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 maximum
2 maximum 3 lean
2 maximum 7 leans
2 maximum 8 were
3 lean 4 angles
3 lean 6 forward
3 lean 7 leans
4 angles 6 forward
8 were 15 and
9 23 10 %
9 23 15 and
10 % 11 greater
10 % 14 leans
11 greater 12 than
11 greater 13 sideways
15 and 16 22
16 22 17 %
17 % 18 greater
17 % 21 leans
18 greater 19 than
18 greater 20 backward

these declines with age and lean direction were associated with declines in response initiation , execution and geometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 declines
2 declines 3 with
2 declines 5 and
3 with 4 age
5 and 7 direction
5 and 8 were
6 lean 7 direction
8 were 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 12 in
10 with 11 declines
12 in 17 and
13 response 14 initiation
14 initiation 15 ,
15 , 16 execution
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 geometry

finally exponential regressions showed that the critical ages at which the ability to recover balance and avoid a fall significantly decreases were 51.0 , 60.6 and 69.9 yrs [for] forward , sideways and [backward] leans [,] respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 finally 2 exponential
2 exponential 3 regressions
3 regressions 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 7 critical
5 that 33 and
6 the 7 critical
7 critical 33 and
8 ages 9 at
8 ages 22 were
8 ages 33 and
9 at 10 which
10 which 12 ability
10 which 22 were
11 the 12 ability
12 ability 13 to
12 ability 16 and
12 ability 21 decreases
13 to 16 and
14 recover 15 balance
14 recover 16 and
16 and 17 avoid
17 avoid 19 fall
18 a 19 fall
20 significantly 21 decreases
22 were 23 51.0
22 were 32 sideways
23 51.0 26 and
24 , 26 and
25 60.6 26 and
26 and 27 69.9
26 and 30 forward
26 and 31 ,
27 69.9 28 yrs
28 yrs 30 forward
33 and 35 leans
35 leans 37 respectively

therefore , we have demonstrated that age affects the ability to recover balance nearly a decade earlier than the rate [of] falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 that
6 that 7 age
6 that 8 affects
7 age 8 affects
8 affects 10 ability
9 the 10 ability
10 ability 11 to
10 ability 12 recover
11 to 12 recover
12 recover 13 balance
12 recover 17 earlier
12 recover 18 than
14 nearly 16 decade
15 a 16 decade
16 decade 17 earlier
18 than 20 rate
18 than 22 falls
19 the 20 rate
20 rate 22 falls

future studies should thus not only include older adults over 65 yrs , but also middle - aged adults under 65 yrs , or recruit all ages from 18 to 85 yrs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ages
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 5 not
3 should 7 include
4 thus 5 not
6 only 7 include
7 include 14 but
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 over
9 adults 14 but
10 over 12 yrs
11 65 12 yrs
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 also
14 but 16 middle
17 - 24 or
18 aged 19 adults
19 adults 20 under
19 adults 24 or
20 under 22 yrs
21 65 22 yrs
23 , 24 or
24 or 25 recruit
24 or 26 all
24 or 27 ages
26 all 27 ages
27 ages 28 from
28 from 32 yrs
29 18 30 to
30 to 31 85
30 to 32 yrs
32 yrs 33 .

finally , the critical ages identified in this study may justify an earlier screening of aging adults to prevent [future] [falls] , especially the first fall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 justify
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 5 ages
3 the 5 ages
4 critical 5 ages
5 ages 6 identified
5 ages 7 in
5 ages 10 may
7 in 9 study
8 this 9 study
10 may 11 justify
11 justify 14 screening
12 an 14 screening
13 earlier 14 screening
14 screening 15 of
14 screening 18 to
14 screening 19 prevent
14 screening 26 fall
15 of 16 aging
16 aging 17 adults
18 to 19 prevent
22 , 23 especially
22 , 26 fall
24 the 25 first
24 the 26 fall
26 fall 27 .

objective : the objective of this study was to obtain external validation of the only available midlife dementia risk score cardiovascular risk factors , aging and dementia study ( caide ) constituting age , education , hypertension , obesity , and hyperlipidemia in a larger , more diverse population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 objective
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 7 study
4 objective 10 obtain
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 obtain
9 to 10 obtain
10 obtain 41 and
11 external 12 validation
12 validation 13 of
12 validation 24 ,
13 of 18 dementia
14 the 15 only
14 the 18 dementia
16 available 18 dementia
17 midlife 18 dementia
18 dementia 22 risk
18 dementia 23 factors
19 risk 22 risk
20 score 22 risk
21 cardiovascular 22 risk
22 risk 23 factors
24 , 25 aging
24 , 26 and
26 and 28 study
26 and 30 caide
26 and 33 age
27 dementia 28 study
29 ( 30 caide
30 caide 31 )
32 constituting 33 age
33 age 34 ,
34 , 35 education
34 , 36 ,
36 , 37 hypertension
36 , 38 ,
38 , 39 obesity
38 , 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 hyperlipidemia
41 and 43 in
43 in 49 population
44 a 49 population
45 larger 46 ,
45 larger 49 population
47 more 48 diverse
48 diverse 49 population

our second aim was to improve the caide risk score by additional midlife risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 second
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 second
2 second 3 aim
2 second 9 risk
2 second 10 score
3 aim 4 was
4 was 5 to
4 was 9 risk
5 to 6 improve
7 the 8 caide
8 caide 9 risk
10 score 11 by
11 by 15 factors
12 additional 13 midlife
13 midlife 15 factors
14 risk 15 factors

methods : this retrospective cohort study was conducted in an integrated health care delivery system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 study
2 : 8 conducted
2 : 16 .
3 this 6 study
4 retrospective 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 study
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 in
9 in 15 system
10 an 15 system
11 integrated 12 health
12 health 15 system
13 care 15 system
14 delivery 15 system

a total of 9480 kaiser permanente members who participated in a health survey study ( age range , 40 - 55 years ) from 1964 to 1973 were included in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 28 were
3 of 7 members
4 9480 7 members
5 kaiser 6 permanente
6 permanente 7 members
7 members 8 who
7 members 9 participated
8 who 9 participated
9 participated 10 in
9 participated 20 -
9 participated 26 to
10 in 14 study
11 a 12 health
11 a 14 study
12 health 13 survey
13 survey 14 study
14 study 17 range
15 ( 17 range
16 age 17 range
17 range 18 ,
18 , 20 -
19 40 20 -
20 - 22 years
20 - 23 )
21 55 22 years
24 from 26 to
25 1964 26 to
26 to 27 1973
28 were 29 included
29 included 30 in
30 in 32 study
31 this 32 study

dementia diagnoses from primary care and medical specialist visits were collected from january 1 , 1994 to january 16 , 2006 , using international classification of diseases 9 codes 290.0 , 290.1 for " possible dementia , " [and] 331.0 and 290.4 for " specialist confirmed dementia . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dementia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnoses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 dementia 2 diagnoses
2 diagnoses 3 from
2 diagnoses 23 using
2 diagnoses 41 and
2 diagnoses 43 for
3 from 6 and
4 primary 5 care
5 care 6 and
6 and 8 specialist
6 and 9 visits
6 and 10 were
6 and 11 collected
6 and 16 1994
7 medical 8 specialist
9 visits 10 were
11 collected 12 from
12 from 13 january
13 january 14 1
15 , 16 1994
16 1994 17 to
16 1994 22 ,
17 to 18 january
18 january 19 16
18 january 21 2006
20 , 21 2006
21 2006 22 ,
23 using 25 classification
24 international 25 classification
25 classification 26 of
25 classification 32 290.1
26 of 29 codes
27 diseases 28 9
27 diseases 29 codes
29 codes 30 290.0
31 , 32 290.1
32 290.1 33 for
32 290.1 37 ,
33 for 34 "
33 for 36 dementia
35 possible 36 dementia
37 , 38 "
40 331.0 41 and
41 and 42 290.4
43 for 44 "
43 for 47 dementia
45 specialist 46 confirmed
46 confirmed 47 dementia
48 . 49 "

risk model prediction and validation were examined with the [c] statistic , net reclassification improvement , and integrated discrimination improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 risk 3 prediction
2 model 3 prediction
3 prediction 4 and
4 and 5 validation
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 examined
7 examined 8 with
8 with 17 and
9 the 11 statistic
11 statistic 12 ,
12 , 15 improvement
12 , 17 and
13 net 15 improvement
14 reclassification 15 improvement
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 improvement
18 integrated 19 discrimination
19 discrimination 20 improvement

dementia risk per sum score was calculated with kaplan - meier estimates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 dementia 2 risk
2 risk 3 per
2 risk 6 was
3 per 5 score
4 sum 5 score
6 was 7 calculated
7 calculated 8 with
8 with 9 kaplan
10 - 11 meier
10 - 12 estimates
10 - 13 .
11 meier 12 estimates

results : a total of 2767 participants ( 25 % ) were diagnosed with any type of dementia , of which 1011 diagnoses ( 10.7 % ) were specialist [-] confirmed diagnoses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 total
2 : 13 diagnosed
2 : 19 ,
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 12 were
5 of 7 participants
6 2767 7 participants
7 participants 10 %
8 ( 10 %
9 25 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 were 13 diagnosed
13 diagnosed 14 with
14 with 16 type
15 any 16 type
16 type 17 of
17 of 18 dementia
19 , 20 of
19 , 28 were
20 of 21 which
20 of 23 diagnoses
20 of 28 were
21 which 23 diagnoses
22 1011 23 diagnoses
23 diagnoses 26 %
24 ( 26 %
25 10.7 26 %
26 % 27 )
28 were 32 diagnoses
29 specialist 31 confirmed
31 confirmed 32 diagnoses

average time between midlife examination and end of [follow] - up was 36.1 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 average 2 time
2 time 3 between
2 time 12 was
3 between 6 and
4 midlife 5 examination
5 examination 6 and
6 and 7 end
6 and 8 of
8 of 11 up
10 - 11 up
12 was 14 years
13 36.1 14 years

the caide risk score replicated well with a [c] statistic of 0.75 , quite similar to the original caide c statistic of 0.78 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 caide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 risk
1 the 2 caide
2 caide 3 risk
3 risk 6 well
3 risk 7 with
4 score 5 replicated
5 replicated 6 well
7 with 10 statistic
8 a 10 statistic
10 statistic 11 of
11 of 12 0.75
12 0.75 15 similar
13 , 15 similar
14 quite 15 similar
15 similar 16 to
15 similar 24 .
16 to 21 statistic
17 the 21 statistic
18 original 21 statistic
19 caide 20 c
19 caide 21 statistic
21 statistic 22 of
22 of 23 0.78

the caide score also predicted well within different race strata . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 caide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 caide
2 caide 3 score
3 score 6 well
3 score 7 within
4 also 5 predicted
5 predicted 6 well
7 within 10 strata
8 different 9 race
9 race 10 strata

other midlife risk factors ( central obesity , depressed [mood] , diabetes mellitus , head trauma , lung function , and smoking ) did not improve predictability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 midlife
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 other 2 midlife
2 midlife 3 risk
2 midlife 4 factors
2 midlife 7 obesity
2 midlife 24 did
3 risk 4 factors
5 ( 7 obesity
6 central 7 obesity
7 obesity 9 depressed
7 obesity 21 and
7 obesity 23 )
8 , 9 depressed
9 depressed 11 ,
11 , 21 and
12 diabetes 13 mellitus
13 mellitus 14 ,
14 , 16 trauma
14 , 17 ,
15 head 16 trauma
17 , 19 function
17 , 21 and
18 lung 19 function
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 smoking
21 and 23 )
24 did 25 not
24 did 26 improve
26 improve 27 predictability

the risk score allowed stratification of participants into those with 40 - year low ( 9 % ) [and] high ( 29 % ) dementia risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 score
2 risk 3 score
3 score 4 allowed
4 allowed 5 stratification
4 allowed 8 into
4 allowed 10 with
5 stratification 6 of
6 of 7 participants
8 into 9 those
10 with 11 40
12 - 26 risk
13 year 26 risk
14 low 17 %
14 low 25 dementia
15 ( 17 %
16 9 17 %
17 % 18 )
20 high 23 %
20 high 25 dementia
21 ( 23 %
22 29 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 dementia 26 risk

conclusions : a combination of modifiable vascular risk factors in midlife is highly predictive [of] [the] likelihood of dementia decades later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 combination
2 : 12 is
3 a 4 combination
4 combination 5 of
4 combination 12 is
5 of 9 factors
6 modifiable 9 factors
7 vascular 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
9 factors 10 in
10 in 11 midlife
12 is 17 likelihood
13 highly 14 predictive
14 predictive 17 likelihood
17 likelihood 18 of
18 of 20 decades
19 dementia 20 decades
20 decades 21 later

possible dementia prevention strategies should point to a life course perspective on maintaining vascular health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 possible 2 dementia
2 dementia 4 strategies
3 prevention 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 should
5 should 6 point
6 point 7 to
6 point 12 on
7 to 11 perspective
8 a 11 perspective
9 life 11 perspective
10 course 11 perspective
12 on 13 maintaining
13 maintaining 15 health
14 vascular 15 health

objective : the objective of this study was to examine the association of plasma estradiol and testosterone with risk for dementia in elderly men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 objective
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 7 study
4 objective 10 examine
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 12 association
10 examine 18 with
10 examine 22 in
11 the 12 association
12 association 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 plasma 15 estradiol
15 estradiol 16 and
16 and 17 testosterone
18 with 19 risk
19 risk 20 for
20 for 21 dementia
22 in 24 men
23 elderly 24 men

methods : within the population based three - city study , including 3650 men age 65 years and older , a case - cohort design was set up after 4 - years [of] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 within
3 within 7 three
4 the 7 three
5 population 6 based
6 based 7 three
7 three 10 study
8 - 10 study
9 city 10 study
10 study 11 ,
11 , 14 men
11 , 15 age
11 , 20 ,
12 including 14 men
13 3650 14 men
14 men 15 age
15 age 18 and
16 65 17 years
17 years 18 and
18 and 19 older
20 , 22 case
20 , 23 -
21 a 22 case
23 - 25 design
23 - 27 set
23 - 31 -
24 cohort 25 design
25 design 26 was
26 was 27 set
27 set 28 up
27 set 29 after
29 after 30 4
31 - 32 years
31 - 34 follow
31 - 35 -
32 years 34 follow
35 - 36 up

cox regression models were used to estimate multivariate steroid sex [hormone] [-] associated hazard ratios ( hr ) and 95 % confidence intervals of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 cox 13 associated
1 cox 19 and
2 regression 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 estimate
6 to 7 estimate
7 estimate 10 sex
7 estimate 13 associated
8 multivariate 9 steroid
9 steroid 10 sex
10 sex 13 associated
13 associated 15 ratios
13 associated 18 )
14 hazard 15 ratios
15 ratios 17 hr
16 ( 17 hr
17 hr 18 )
19 and 23 intervals
19 and 24 of
20 95 23 intervals
21 % 22 confidence
22 confidence 23 intervals
24 of 25 dementia

results : there was a reverse j - shaped relationship [between] total - t and risk for dementia ( p=.007 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 8 -
2 : 13 -
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 reverse
5 a 6 reverse
6 reverse 7 j
7 j 8 -
8 - 12 total
9 shaped 10 relationship
10 relationship 12 total
13 - 15 and
13 - 22 .
14 t 15 and
15 and 16 risk
15 and 17 for
15 and 20 p=.007
17 for 18 dementia
19 ( 20 p=.007
20 p=.007 21 )

compared with the median tertile , the hrs associated with total [-] t in the lower [and] upper tertile were increased ( hr , 2.33 ; p=.026 ; hr , 1.9 , p=.126 [;] [respectively] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 hrs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 )(
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 8 hrs
2 with 5 tertile
3 the 5 tertile
4 median 5 tertile
7 the 8 hrs
8 hrs 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 11 total
11 total 13 t
11 total 14 in
11 total 21 increased
11 total 23 hr
14 in 18 upper
15 the 18 upper
16 lower 18 upper
18 upper 19 tertile
18 upper 20 were
19 tertile 20 were
22 ( 23 hr
23 hr 24 ,
24 , 25 2.33
24 , 26 ;
26 ; 27 p=.026
26 ; 28 ;
28 ; 29 hr
28 ; 30 ,
30 , 31 1.9
30 , 32 ,
32 , 33 p=.126

low bio - t was associated with a greater risk for dementia ( hr for one standard deviation of decreasing log [(] bio [-] t ) , 1.29 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.03 - 1.62 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 )(
1 low 2 bio
3 - 4 t
3 - 6 associated
3 - 27 ,
4 t 5 was
5 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 10 risk
8 a 10 risk
9 greater 10 risk
10 risk 11 for
11 for 12 dementia
12 dementia 14 hr
13 ( 14 hr
14 hr 15 for
14 hr 19 of
14 hr 26 )
15 for 18 deviation
16 one 18 deviation
17 standard 18 deviation
19 of 20 decreasing
20 decreasing 23 bio
21 log 23 bio
23 bio 25 t
27 , 28 1.29
27 , 29 ;
29 ; 33 interval
29 ; 34 ,
30 95 31 %
31 % 33 interval
32 confidence 33 interval
34 , 35 1.03
34 , 36 -
35 1.03 36 -
36 - 37 1.62

an interaction was found between bio [-] t and age ( p<.0001 ) , and bio - t and education ( p=.044 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 an 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 between
5 between 15 and
6 bio 8 t
6 bio 9 and
9 and 10 age
9 and 12 p<.0001
9 and 15 and
11 ( 12 p<.0001
12 p<.0001 13 )
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 bio
15 and 19 and
17 - 19 and
18 t 19 and
19 and 20 education
19 and 22 p=.044
19 and 23 )
21 ( 22 p=.044
22 p=.044 23 )

no significant association was found between total - e2 and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 no 3 association
2 significant 3 association
3 association 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 between
6 between 7 total
8 - 10 and
8 - 12 .
9 e2 10 and
10 and 11 dementia

conclusions : low levels of testosterone are associated with a risk for dementia in elderly men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 levels
2 : 8 associated
2 : 17 .
3 low 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 7 are
5 of 6 testosterone
7 are 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 14 in
9 with 11 risk
10 a 11 risk
11 risk 12 for
12 for 13 dementia
14 in 16 men
15 elderly 16 men

the association between low bio [-] t and dementia may be more relevant to men 80 years or older and men with a high level [of] education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 8 and
3 between 5 bio
4 low 5 bio
5 bio 7 t
8 and 9 dementia
8 and 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 13 relevant
12 more 13 relevant
13 relevant 14 to
13 relevant 18 or
14 to 15 men
15 men 16 80
17 years 18 or
18 or 19 older
20 and 21 men
20 and 25 level
21 men 22 with
21 men 25 level
22 with 24 high
23 a 24 high
25 level 27 education

early detection of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is important since treatments are more efficacious when used at the beginning of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 early 2 detection
2 detection 3 of
2 detection 10 is
3 of 6 disease
4 alzheimer 5 's
5 's 6 disease
6 disease 8 ad
7 ( 8 ad
8 ad 9 )
10 is 11 important
11 important 12 since
12 since 13 treatments
12 since 14 are
13 treatments 14 are
14 are 16 efficacious
15 more 16 efficacious
16 efficacious 17 when
16 efficacious 19 at
17 when 18 used
19 at 21 beginning
20 the 21 beginning
21 beginning 22 of
22 of 24 disease
23 the 24 disease

despite significant advances in diagnostic methods for ad , there is no single diagnostic method for ad with high accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 despite 3 advances
1 despite 9 ,
1 despite 10 there
2 significant 3 advances
3 advances 4 in
4 in 6 methods
5 diagnostic 6 methods
6 methods 7 for
7 for 8 ad
10 there 11 is
11 is 15 method
12 no 15 method
13 single 15 method
14 diagnostic 15 method
15 method 16 for
16 for 17 ad
17 ad 18 with
18 with 20 accuracy
19 high 20 accuracy

we developed a support vector machine [(] svm [ )(model that classifies mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and normal control subjects using probabilistic tractography and tract - based spatial statistics of diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 developed
2 developed 10 )(model
3 a 4 support
3 a 10 )(model
4 support 10 )(model
5 vector 6 machine
6 machine 10 )(model
8 svm 10 )(model
10 )(model 11 that
10 )(model 12 classifies
10 )(model 17 mci
11 that 12 classifies
12 classifies 15 impairment
13 mild 15 impairment
14 cognitive 15 impairment
16 ( 17 mci
17 mci 18 )
19 and 21 control
19 and 22 subjects
20 normal 21 control
21 control 22 subjects
22 subjects 23 using
22 subjects 39 data
23 using 26 and
24 probabilistic 25 tractography
25 tractography 26 and
26 and 27 tract
26 and 31 statistics
28 - 31 statistics
29 based 31 statistics
30 spatial 31 statistics
31 statistics 32 of
31 statistics 37 dti
31 statistics 38 )
32 of 35 imaging
33 diffusion 35 imaging
34 tensor 35 imaging
36 ( 37 dti
37 dti 38 )

mci is an intermediate state between normal aging and ad , so finding mci is important for an early diagnosis of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 mci 2 is
2 is 5 state
2 is 6 between
3 an 4 intermediate
3 an 5 state
4 intermediate 5 state
6 between 9 and
7 normal 8 aging
7 normal 9 and
9 and 10 ad
11 , 12 so
11 , 15 is
12 so 15 is
13 finding 14 mci
13 finding 15 is
15 is 16 important
16 important 17 for
17 for 20 diagnosis
18 an 20 diagnosis
19 early 20 diagnosis
20 diagnosis 21 of
21 of 22 ad

the key features of dti data we identified through extensive analysis include the fractional anisotropy ( fa ) values of selected voxels , their average fa value , and the volume of fiber pathways from a pre - defined seed region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 3 features
2 key 3 features
3 features 4 of
3 features 7 we
3 features 8 identified
3 features 12 include
4 of 6 data
5 dti 6 data
7 we 8 identified
8 identified 9 through
9 through 11 analysis
10 extensive 11 analysis
12 include 19 values
13 the 19 values
14 fractional 19 values
15 anisotropy 17 fa
15 anisotropy 19 values
16 ( 17 fa
17 fa 18 )
19 values 20 of
20 of 22 voxels
21 selected 22 voxels
23 , 29 and
24 their 27 value
25 average 27 value
26 fa 27 value
27 value 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 volume
29 and 32 of
30 the 31 volume
32 of 34 pathways
33 fiber 34 pathways
34 pathways 35 from
35 from 41 region
36 a 37 pre
36 a 41 region
37 pre 38 -
37 pre 40 seed
39 defined 40 seed
40 seed 41 region

in particular , the volume of the fiber pathways [to] thalamus is the most powerful single feature in classifying mci and normal subjects regardless of the age of the subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 5 volume
4 the 5 volume
5 volume 6 of
5 volume 12 is
6 of 11 thalamus
7 the 11 thalamus
8 fiber 11 thalamus
9 pathways 11 thalamus
12 is 21 and
12 is 25 of
13 the 17 feature
14 most 15 powerful
15 powerful 17 feature
16 single 17 feature
17 feature 18 in
17 feature 21 and
18 in 19 classifying
19 classifying 20 mci
21 and 23 subjects
22 normal 23 subjects
24 regardless 25 of
25 of 27 age
26 the 27 age
27 age 28 of
28 of 30 subjects
29 the 30 subjects

the best performance achieved by the svm model in a 10 [-] fold cross validation and in independent testing was sensitivity of 100 % , specificity of 100 % and accuracy of 100 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 best
1 the 3 performance
3 performance 4 achieved
3 performance 20 was
4 achieved 5 by
4 achieved 16 and
5 by 8 model
6 the 8 model
7 svm 8 model
9 in 15 validation
9 in 16 and
10 a 15 validation
11 10 15 validation
13 fold 15 validation
14 cross 15 validation
16 and 17 in
17 in 19 testing
18 independent 19 testing
20 was 21 sensitivity
21 sensitivity 22 of
22 of 24 %
23 100 24 %
25 , 30 and
26 specificity 27 of
26 specificity 30 and
27 of 29 %
28 100 29 %
30 and 31 accuracy
30 and 32 of
32 of 34 %
33 100 34 %

background : under the circumstance of global population aging , the issue on how to facilitate the quality of life ( qol ) for older people brings us grand [challenge] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 under
3 under 5 circumstance
4 the 5 circumstance
5 circumstance 6 of
6 of 8 population
7 global 8 population
8 population 9 aging
10 , 12 issue
10 , 27 brings
11 the 12 issue
12 issue 13 on
12 issue 27 brings
13 on 14 how
14 how 15 to
14 how 16 facilitate
15 to 16 facilitate
16 facilitate 18 quality
17 the 18 quality
18 quality 19 of
18 quality 24 for
19 of 20 life
20 life 22 qol
21 ( 22 qol
22 qol 23 )
24 for 26 people
25 older 26 people
27 brings 29 grand
28 us 29 grand

on the way to solve this problem , it is inextricable to measure qol for older people accurately at [onset] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 on 3 way
1 on 8 ,
1 on 9 it
2 the 3 way
3 way 4 to
3 way 5 solve
4 to 5 solve
5 solve 7 problem
6 this 7 problem
9 it 10 is
10 is 11 inextricable
11 inextricable 12 to
11 inextricable 19 at
12 to 13 measure
13 measure 14 qol
13 measure 18 accurately
13 measure 19 at
14 qol 15 for
15 for 17 people
16 older 17 people

this study is aimed at evaluating the reliability and validity of the chinese version of the world health organization quality of life instrument - older adults module ( whoqol - old ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 at
5 at 6 evaluating
6 evaluating 9 and
7 the 9 and
8 reliability 9 and
9 and 10 validity
9 and 11 of
11 of 14 version
12 the 14 version
13 chinese 14 version
14 version 15 of
14 version 21 of
15 of 20 quality
16 the 20 quality
17 world 18 health
18 health 19 organization
19 organization 20 quality
21 of 23 instrument
22 life 23 instrument
23 instrument 29 whoqol
24 - 29 whoqol
25 older 29 whoqol
26 adults 27 module
27 module 29 whoqol
28 ( 29 whoqol
29 whoqol 30 -
29 whoqol 31 old
29 whoqol 32 )
30 - 31 old
31 old 32 )

methods : we received 1005 valid whoqol - old questionnaires from 1050 respondents who were 60 and older by quota sampling method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 received
2 : 23 .
3 we 4 received
4 received 17 and
5 1005 10 questionnaires
6 valid 10 questionnaires
7 whoqol 9 old
8 - 9 old
9 old 10 questionnaires
10 questionnaires 11 from
10 questionnaires 17 and
11 from 13 respondents
12 1050 13 respondents
13 respondents 14 who
13 respondents 15 were
14 who 15 were
15 were 16 60
17 and 18 older
18 older 19 by
19 by 22 method
20 quota 22 method
21 sampling 22 method

to calculate the test - retest [correlation] [coefficient] we re - interviewed 101 participants from the community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calculate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 to 2 calculate
2 calculate 4 test
3 the 4 test
5 - 6 retest
5 - 18 .
6 retest 9 we
6 retest 10 re
10 re 11 -
10 re 14 participants
12 interviewed 14 participants
13 101 14 participants
14 participants 15 from
15 from 17 community
16 the 17 community

psychometric properties were evaluated from the aspect of feasibility , internal consistency reliability , test - retest reliability , content validity , construct validity and discriminant validity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 psychometric 2 properties
2 properties 3 were
3 were 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 from
5 from 7 aspect
6 the 7 aspect
7 aspect 8 of
8 of 9 feasibility
9 feasibility 13 reliability
10 , 13 reliability
11 internal 12 consistency
12 consistency 13 reliability
13 reliability 14 ,
14 , 15 test
14 , 16 -
16 - 17 retest
16 - 19 ,
16 - 28 .
17 retest 18 reliability
19 , 25 and
20 content 21 validity
21 validity 22 ,
22 , 24 validity
22 , 25 and
23 construct 24 validity
25 and 27 validity
26 discriminant 27 validity

results : missing item responses took up 0.0 % - 2.7 % in the scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 missing
2 : 6 took
2 : 10 -
2 : 16 .
3 missing 5 responses
3 missing 6 took
4 item 5 responses
6 took 7 up
6 took 9 %
8 0.0 9 %
10 - 12 %
11 2.7 12 %
12 % 13 in
13 in 15 scale
14 the 15 scale

the whoqol - old showed satisfactory reliability with cronbach 's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.711 ( social participation ) to 0.842 ( sensory ability ) for each domain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 old
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 4 old
2 whoqol 4 old
3 - 4 old
4 old 5 showed
5 showed 7 reliability
6 satisfactory 7 reliability
7 reliability 8 with
7 reliability 13 ranging
8 with 12 coefficients
9 cronbach 10 's
10 's 12 coefficients
11 alpha 12 coefficients
13 ranging 14 from
13 ranging 20 to
13 ranging 26 for
14 from 15 0.711
15 0.711 18 participation
16 ( 18 participation
17 social 18 participation
18 participation 19 )
20 to 21 0.842
21 0.842 24 ability
22 ( 24 ability
23 sensory 24 ability
24 ability 25 )
26 for 28 domain
27 each 28 domain

the [intra] [-] class correlation coefficients ( icc ) [presenting] test [-] [retest] reliability were all over 0.7 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 coefficients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 6 coefficients
4 class 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 coefficients
6 coefficients 8 icc
6 coefficients 11 test
7 ( 8 icc
8 icc 9 )
11 test 14 reliability
11 test 15 were
14 reliability 15 were
15 were 17 over
16 all 17 over
17 over 18 0.7

in confirmatory factor analysis ( cfa ) , root mean square error of approximation ( rmsea ) was 0.084 ( a little more than 0.08 ) and comparative fit index [(] cfi [ )(0.95 ( >0.90 ) [which] meant acceptable construct validity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 error
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 6 cfa
1 in 8 ,
1 in 12 error
2 confirmatory 3 factor
3 factor 4 analysis
4 analysis 6 cfa
5 ( 6 cfa
6 cfa 7 )
9 root 10 mean
10 mean 11 square
11 square 12 error
12 error 13 of
12 error 18 was
13 of 16 rmsea
14 approximation 16 rmsea
15 ( 16 rmsea
16 rmsea 17 )
18 was 19 0.084
19 0.084 23 more
20 ( 23 more
21 a 22 little
22 little 23 more
23 more 24 than
23 more 26 )
24 than 25 0.08
27 and 32 cfi
27 and 39 meant
28 comparative 29 fit
29 fit 32 cfi
30 index 32 cfi
32 cfi 34 )(0.95
32 cfi 36 >0.90
32 cfi 39 meant
35 ( 36 >0.90
36 >0.90 37 )
39 meant 42 validity
40 acceptable 42 validity
41 construct 42 validity

there were higher correlation coefficients between items and their hypothesized domains than other domains ( p < 0.001 ) , indicating good content validity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 coefficients
2 were 6 between
2 were 12 than
3 higher 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 coefficients
6 between 8 and
7 items 8 and
8 and 11 domains
9 their 11 domains
10 hypothesized 11 domains
12 than 14 domains
13 other 14 domains
14 domains 17 <
14 domains 21 indicating
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.001
17 < 19 )
20 , 21 indicating
21 indicating 24 validity
21 indicating 25 .
22 good 24 validity
23 content 24 validity

the results of [t] [-] test [showed] good discriminant validity of the whoqol - old between the healthy group and the unhealthy group ( p < 0.0083 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 20 and
3 of 10 validity
6 test 10 validity
8 good 9 discriminant
9 discriminant 10 validity
10 validity 11 of
10 validity 16 between
11 of 15 old
12 the 15 old
13 whoqol 15 old
14 - 15 old
16 between 19 group
17 the 19 group
18 healthy 19 group
20 and 23 group
20 and 26 <
21 the 23 group
22 unhealthy 23 group
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.0083
26 < 28 )

conclusion : the chinese version of whoqol - old showed good feasibility , reliability and validity in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 5 version
2 : 10 showed
3 the 5 version
4 chinese 5 version
5 version 6 of
5 version 10 showed
6 of 9 old
7 whoqol 9 old
8 - 9 old
10 showed 15 and
10 showed 17 in
11 good 12 feasibility
12 feasibility 13 ,
13 , 14 reliability
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 validity
17 in 19 study
18 this 19 study

however , before it can be used national - widely , further research should be conducted in other areas of china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 13 research
3 before 4 it
3 before 7 used
3 before 13 research
4 it 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 used
8 national 10 widely
8 national 11 ,
8 national 13 research
9 - 10 widely
10 widely 11 ,
12 further 13 research
13 research 14 should
14 should 15 be
15 be 16 conducted
16 conducted 17 in
17 in 19 areas
18 other 19 areas
19 areas 20 of
20 of 21 china

the authors aimed to compare renal [function] by estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in 3 groups of women : nulliparous women , women with a history of normotensive pregnancies , and women with a history of at least one hypertensive pregnancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 aimed
2 authors 6 renal
2 authors 12 rate
3 aimed 4 to
4 to 5 compare
6 renal 8 by
8 by 11 filtration
9 estimated 11 filtration
10 glomerular 11 filtration
13 and 14 albuminuria
13 and 20 :
14 albuminuria 15 in
14 albuminuria 20 :
15 in 17 groups
16 3 17 groups
17 groups 18 of
18 of 19 women
20 : 32 and
20 : 34 with
21 nulliparous 22 women
22 women 23 ,
23 , 24 women
23 , 32 and
24 women 25 with
24 women 28 of
25 with 27 history
26 a 27 history
28 of 30 pregnancies
29 normotensive 30 pregnancies
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 women
34 with 36 history
35 a 36 history
36 history 37 of
37 of 42 pregnancy
38 at 39 least
39 least 40 one
40 one 42 pregnancy
41 hypertensive 42 pregnancy

women who reported having had at least one pregnancy with hypertension were significantly more likely to be hypertensive ( 75.6 % vs 59.4 % , p<.001 ) , diabetic [(] 34.2 % vs 27.3 % , p≤.001 ) [,] [and] have higher [body] mass index ( 32.8 vs 30.5 , p<.001 ) than [those] who reported normotensive pregnancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
1 women 2 who
1 women 3 reported
1 women 12 were
2 who 3 reported
3 reported 4 having
3 reported 5 had
4 having 5 had
5 had 9 pregnancy
5 had 10 with
6 at 7 least
7 least 8 one
8 one 9 pregnancy
10 with 11 hypertension
12 were 13 significantly
12 were 14 more
12 were 15 likely
15 likely 16 to
15 likely 17 be
16 to 17 be
17 be 29 diabetic
18 hypertensive 21 %
18 hypertensive 28 ,
18 hypertensive 29 diabetic
19 ( 21 %
20 75.6 21 %
21 % 22 vs
21 % 26 p<.001
21 % 27 )
22 vs 24 %
23 59.4 24 %
25 , 26 p<.001
26 p<.001 27 )
29 diabetic 32 %
29 diabetic 41 have
31 34.2 32 %
32 % 33 vs
32 % 37 p≤.001
32 % 41 have
33 vs 35 %
34 27.3 35 %
36 , 37 p≤.001
37 p≤.001 38 )
41 have 42 higher
41 have 44 mass
44 mass 45 index
45 index 47 32.8
46 ( 47 32.8
47 32.8 48 vs
47 32.8 53 than
47 32.8 55 who
47 32.8 56 reported
47 32.8 59 .
48 vs 49 30.5
49 30.5 51 p<.001
50 , 51 p<.001
51 p<.001 52 )
55 who 56 reported
56 reported 58 pregnancies
57 normotensive 58 pregnancies

there was a significantly greater risk [of] microalbuminuria ( urine albumin - creatinine ratio >25 [mg/g] ) in those who reported at least one pregnancy with hypertension ( odds ratio , 1.37 [;] confidence interval , 1.02 - 1.85 [;] p=.04 [ )(than in those with normotensive pregnancies , after adjusting for risk factors for chronic kidney and cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 6 risk
2 was 8 microalbuminuria
3 a 6 risk
4 significantly 5 greater
5 greater 6 risk
8 microalbuminuria 12 -
8 microalbuminuria 18 in
9 ( 12 -
10 urine 11 albumin
11 albumin 12 -
12 - 15 >25
12 - 17 )
13 creatinine 15 >25
14 ratio 15 >25
18 in 19 those
19 those 20 who
19 those 21 reported
20 who 21 reported
21 reported 25 pregnancy
21 reported 26 with
22 at 23 least
23 least 24 one
24 one 25 pregnancy
26 with 27 hypertension
26 with 35 interval
27 hypertension 30 ratio
28 ( 30 ratio
29 odds 30 ratio
30 ratio 31 ,
32 1.37 35 interval
34 confidence 35 interval
35 interval 38 -
36 , 38 -
37 1.02 38 -
38 - 41 p=.04
39 1.85 41 p=.04
41 p=.04 43 )(than
41 p=.04 44 in
41 p=.04 50 after
44 in 45 those
45 those 46 with
46 with 48 pregnancies
47 normotensive 48 pregnancies
49 , 50 after
50 after 51 adjusting
50 after 61 .
51 adjusting 52 for
51 adjusting 54 factors
52 for 53 risk
54 factors 55 for
55 for 58 and
56 chronic 57 kidney
57 kidney 58 and
58 and 60 disease
58 and 61 .
59 cardiovascular 60 disease

hypertension in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of future microalbuminuria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hypertension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 hypertension 2 in
1 hypertension 4 is
2 in 3 pregnancy
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 risk
7 an 9 risk
8 increased 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 12 microalbuminuria
11 future 12 microalbuminuria

women with a history of [hypertension] in pregnancy are at increased risk of microalbuminuria later in life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 women 2 with
1 women 9 are
2 with 4 history
3 a 4 history
4 history 5 of
5 of 7 in
7 in 8 pregnancy
9 are 10 at
9 are 16 in
10 at 12 risk
11 increased 12 risk
12 risk 13 of
13 of 14 microalbuminuria
14 microalbuminuria 15 later
16 in 17 life

microalbuminuria is a marker of kidney dysfunction frequently related to an inflammatory event . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 microalbuminuria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 microalbuminuria 2 is
2 is 4 marker
3 a 4 marker
4 marker 5 of
5 of 7 dysfunction
6 kidney 7 dysfunction
7 dysfunction 9 related
8 frequently 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 13 event
11 an 12 inflammatory
11 an 13 event
12 inflammatory 13 event

pregnancy is a dynamic process characterized by immune tolerance , angiogenesis , and hormonal regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pregnancy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 pregnancy 2 is
2 is 5 process
3 a 5 process
4 dynamic 5 process
5 process 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 13 and
8 immune 9 tolerance
9 tolerance 10 ,
10 , 11 angiogenesis
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 regulation
14 hormonal 15 regulation

menstruation and pregnancy are associated with a physiological inflammation , which is altered in preeclampsia and probably in other hypertensive situations of pregnancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 menstruation 2 and
2 and 3 pregnancy
2 and 4 are
4 are 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 inflammation
7 a 8 physiological
7 a 9 inflammation
8 physiological 9 inflammation
10 , 11 which
10 , 13 altered
11 which 12 is
12 is 13 altered
13 altered 16 and
14 in 15 preeclampsia
14 in 16 and
16 and 17 probably
16 and 18 in
18 in 21 situations
19 other 21 situations
20 hypertensive 21 situations
21 situations 22 of
22 of 23 pregnancy

an imbalance [between] pro - oxidant factors and the ability to scavenge these factors produces oxidative stress , which has been evaluated in many cells , but leukocytes [are] the main source of inflammatory cytokines and experimental and clinical evidence support a possible role of aldosterone as a mediator of placental and renal damage mediated by growth factors , reactive oxygen species , and cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pro
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 an 4 pro
2 imbalance 4 pro
5 - 7 factors
5 - 8 and
5 - 15 produces
6 oxidant 7 factors
8 and 10 ability
9 the 10 ability
10 ability 11 to
10 ability 12 scavenge
10 ability 15 produces
11 to 12 scavenge
12 scavenge 14 factors
13 these 14 factors
15 produces 17 stress
16 oxidative 17 stress
17 stress 19 which
18 , 19 which
19 which 27 but
20 has 21 been
20 has 27 but
21 been 22 evaluated
22 evaluated 23 in
23 in 25 cells
24 many 25 cells
26 , 27 but
27 but 28 leukocytes
28 leukocytes 31 main
30 the 31 main
31 main 38 and
31 main 41 support
32 source 33 of
32 source 36 and
33 of 35 cytokines
34 inflammatory 35 cytokines
36 and 37 experimental
36 and 38 and
38 and 40 evidence
38 and 41 support
39 clinical 40 evidence
41 support 44 role
42 a 43 possible
42 a 44 role
43 possible 44 role
44 role 45 of
44 role 50 of
45 of 46 aldosterone
46 aldosterone 47 as
47 as 49 mediator
48 a 49 mediator
50 of 58 factors
51 placental 52 and
52 and 54 damage
52 and 55 mediated
52 and 58 factors
53 renal 54 damage
55 mediated 56 by
56 by 57 growth
58 factors 64 and
59 , 64 and
60 reactive 62 species
61 oxygen 62 species
62 species 64 and
63 , 64 and
64 and 65 cytokines
64 and 66 .

angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors and aldosterone receptor blockers are frequently effective in reducing the risk of progression of cardiovascular and renal disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 angiotensin 2 -
1 angiotensin 6 and
3 converting 4 enzyme
4 enzyme 5 inhibitors
5 inhibitors 6 and
6 and 9 blockers
6 and 10 are
7 aldosterone 9 blockers
8 receptor 9 blockers
10 are 11 frequently
10 are 12 effective
12 effective 13 in
13 in 14 reducing
14 reducing 16 risk
15 the 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
16 risk 19 of
17 of 18 progression
19 of 23 disease
20 cardiovascular 21 and
21 and 22 renal
21 and 23 disease

background : dna methylation is an epigenetic modification that changes with age in human tissues , although the mechanisms and specificity of this process are still poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 methylation
2 : 10 changes
3 dna 4 methylation
4 methylation 5 is
5 is 8 modification
6 an 7 epigenetic
6 an 8 modification
7 epigenetic 8 modification
9 that 10 changes
10 changes 11 with
10 changes 17 although
11 with 12 age
12 age 13 in
13 in 15 tissues
14 human 15 tissues
16 , 17 although
17 although 20 and
18 the 19 mechanisms
19 mechanisms 20 and
20 and 21 specificity
20 and 22 of
20 and 25 are
22 of 24 process
23 this 24 process
25 are 26 still
25 are 28 understood
27 poorly 28 understood

we compared cpg methylation changes with age across 283 human blood , brain , kidney , and skeletal muscle samples using methylation arrays to identify tissue - specific age effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 3 cpg
2 compared 6 with
3 cpg 4 methylation
3 cpg 5 changes
4 methylation 5 changes
6 with 7 age
6 with 8 across
8 across 17 and
9 283 10 human
10 human 11 blood
11 blood 12 ,
12 , 13 brain
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 kidney
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 samples
17 and 27 -
17 and 29 age
17 and 30 effects
18 skeletal 19 muscle
19 muscle 20 samples
20 samples 21 using
21 using 23 arrays
21 using 24 to
21 using 25 identify
22 methylation 23 arrays
24 to 25 identify
25 identify 26 tissue
28 specific 29 age
29 age 30 effects

results : we found age - associated cpgs ( agecgs [ )(that are both [tissue] - specific and common across tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 age
4 found 18 and
5 age 8 cpgs
6 - 8 cpgs
7 associated 8 cpgs
8 cpgs 10 agecgs
8 cpgs 16 -
9 ( 10 agecgs
10 agecgs 12 )(that
10 agecgs 13 are
10 agecgs 16 -
12 )(that 13 are
13 are 14 both
17 specific 18 and
18 and 19 common
19 common 20 across
20 across 21 tissues

tissue - specific age cgs are frequently located outside cpg islands with decreased methylation , and common agecgs show the opposite trend . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 tissue 2 -
1 tissue 4 age
3 specific 4 age
4 age 5 cgs
4 age 12 with
4 age 13 decreased
5 cgs 6 are
6 are 7 frequently
6 are 8 located
8 located 9 outside
8 located 12 with
9 outside 11 islands
10 cpg 11 islands
13 decreased 14 methylation
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 agecgs
16 and 19 show
17 common 18 agecgs
18 agecgs 19 show
19 show 22 trend
20 the 22 trend
21 opposite 22 trend

agecgs are significantly associated with poorly expressed genes , but those with decreasing methylation are linked with higher tissue - specific expression levels compared with increasing methylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 agecgs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
1 agecgs 2 are
2 are 4 associated
3 significantly 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 genes
6 poorly 7 expressed
7 expressed 8 genes
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 those
10 but 16 linked
11 those 12 with
11 those 15 are
12 with 13 decreasing
13 decreasing 14 methylation
15 are 16 linked
16 linked 17 with
17 with 19 tissue
18 higher 19 tissue
19 tissue 23 levels
20 - 23 levels
21 specific 22 expression
22 expression 23 levels
23 levels 24 compared
23 levels 28 .
24 compared 25 with
25 with 26 increasing
26 increasing 27 methylation

therefore , tissue [-] specific gene expression may protect [against] common age - dependent methylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 protect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 7 expression
3 tissue 7 expression
5 specific 6 gene
6 gene 7 expression
7 expression 8 may
8 may 9 protect
9 protect 12 age
11 common 12 age
13 - 15 methylation
13 - 16 .
14 dependent 15 methylation

distinguished from other tissues , skeletal muscle age cgs are more associated with expression , enriched near genes related to myofiber contraction , and closer to muscle - specific ctcf binding sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 myofiber
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 distinguished 2 from
1 distinguished 5 ,
1 distinguished 8 age
2 from 4 tissues
3 other 4 tissues
6 skeletal 7 muscle
7 muscle 8 age
8 age 9 cgs
8 age 10 are
8 age 15 ,
9 cgs 10 are
10 are 11 more
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 ,
13 with 14 expression
15 , 16 enriched
15 , 20 to
16 enriched 18 genes
17 near 18 genes
18 genes 19 related
20 to 21 myofiber
21 myofiber 32 sites
22 contraction 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 closer
24 and 32 sites
25 closer 26 to
26 to 27 muscle
27 muscle 31 binding
28 - 31 binding
29 specific 30 ctcf
30 ctcf 31 binding

kidney - specific agecgs are more increasingly methylated [compared] to other tissues as measured by affiliation with kidney [-] specific expressed genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 agecgs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 kidney 2 -
1 kidney 4 agecgs
3 specific 4 agecgs
4 agecgs 5 are
5 are 6 more
5 are 7 increasingly
5 are 8 methylated
8 methylated 10 to
8 methylated 17 with
10 to 12 tissues
11 other 12 tissues
12 tissues 14 measured
13 as 14 measured
14 measured 15 by
15 by 16 affiliation
17 with 22 genes
18 kidney 22 genes
20 specific 22 genes
21 expressed 22 genes

underlying chromatin features also mark common and tissue - specific age effects reflective [of] poised and active chromatin states , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 effects
1 underlying 2 chromatin
1 underlying 9 -
1 underlying 11 age
2 chromatin 3 features
2 chromatin 5 mark
3 features 5 mark
4 also 5 mark
5 mark 7 and
6 common 7 and
7 and 8 tissue
10 specific 11 age
11 age 12 effects
12 effects 16 and
12 effects 21 respectively
13 reflective 15 poised
13 reflective 16 and
16 and 19 states
17 active 18 chromatin
18 chromatin 19 states
20 , 21 respectively
21 respectively 22 .

in contrast with decreasingly methylated agecgs , increasingly methylated agecgs are also generally further from ctcf binding sites and enriched within lamina associated domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 agecgs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 10 agecgs
2 contrast 3 with
3 with 7 ,
4 decreasingly 5 methylated
5 methylated 6 agecgs
5 methylated 7 ,
7 , 9 methylated
8 increasingly 9 methylated
10 agecgs 11 are
11 are 19 and
12 also 14 further
13 generally 14 further
14 further 15 from
14 further 18 sites
14 further 19 and
15 from 16 ctcf
16 ctcf 17 binding
19 and 20 enriched
19 and 21 within
19 and 24 domains
21 within 22 lamina
22 lamina 23 associated

conclusions : our data identified common and tissue - specific dna methylation changes with age that are reflective of cpg landscape and suggests both common and unique alterations within human tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 22 and
3 our 4 data
4 data 22 and
5 identified 11 dna
5 identified 22 and
6 common 7 and
7 and 8 tissue
7 and 9 -
7 and 11 dna
10 specific 11 dna
11 dna 13 changes
11 dna 21 landscape
12 methylation 13 changes
13 changes 14 with
13 changes 16 that
13 changes 17 are
13 changes 19 of
13 changes 21 landscape
14 with 15 age
16 that 17 are
17 are 18 reflective
19 of 20 cpg
22 and 23 suggests
22 and 29 within
23 suggests 28 alterations
24 both 28 alterations
25 common 26 and
26 and 27 unique
26 and 28 alterations
29 within 31 tissues
30 human 31 tissues

our findings also indicate that a simple epigenetic drift model is insufficient to explain all age - related changes in dna methylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 4 indicate
3 also 4 indicate
4 indicate 5 that
5 that 10 model
5 that 14 explain
6 a 7 simple
6 a 10 model
7 simple 9 drift
8 epigenetic 9 drift
9 drift 10 model
10 model 11 is
11 is 12 insufficient
12 insufficient 13 to
12 insufficient 14 explain
13 to 14 explain
14 explain 16 age
15 all 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 changes
18 related 20 in
20 in 22 methylation
21 dna 22 methylation

the incidence of oral fungal infections has increased in recent years as a result of factors such as increased number of solid organ transplantations and the widespread use of immunosuppressive drug therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 7 has
3 of 6 infections
4 oral 6 infections
5 fungal 6 infections
7 has 8 increased
8 increased 9 in
8 increased 12 as
9 in 11 years
10 recent 11 years
12 as 14 result
13 a 14 result
14 result 15 of
14 result 18 as
14 result 29 of
15 of 16 factors
17 such 18 as
18 as 25 and
19 increased 20 number
20 number 21 of
20 number 25 and
21 of 24 transplantations
22 solid 23 organ
23 organ 24 transplantations
25 and 28 use
26 the 28 use
27 widespread 28 use
29 of 32 therapies
30 immunosuppressive 31 drug
31 drug 32 therapies

this article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of oral fungal infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 6 and
4 the 5 diagnosis
5 diagnosis 6 and
6 and 7 treatment
6 and 8 of
8 of 11 infections
9 oral 11 infections
10 fungal 11 infections

at one time oral fungal infections were a relatively uncommon event , but with advances in health care and polypharmacy in an increasingly aging population , these infections are becoming a more routine clinical finding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 infections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 at 3 time
1 at 28 infections
2 one 3 time
3 time 6 infections
3 time 7 were
3 time 13 but
4 oral 6 infections
5 fungal 6 infections
6 infections 7 were
7 were 11 event
8 a 9 relatively
8 a 11 event
9 relatively 10 uncommon
10 uncommon 11 event
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 with
13 but 26 ,
14 with 19 and
15 advances 16 in
15 advances 19 and
16 in 18 care
17 health 18 care
19 and 20 polypharmacy
19 and 21 in
21 in 25 population
22 an 25 population
23 increasingly 24 aging
24 aging 25 population
27 these 28 infections
28 infections 29 are
29 are 30 becoming
30 becoming 35 finding
31 a 35 finding
32 more 33 routine
33 routine 35 finding
34 clinical 35 finding

the dental practitioner therefore needs to be familiar with the diagnosis and management of oral fungal infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 practitioner
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 practitioner
2 dental 3 practitioner
3 practitioner 5 needs
4 therefore 5 needs
5 needs 6 to
5 needs 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 familiar
8 familiar 9 with
9 with 12 and
10 the 11 diagnosis
11 diagnosis 12 and
12 and 13 management
12 and 14 of
14 of 17 infections
15 oral 17 infections
16 fungal 17 infections

using a sample of 2925 stroke - free participants drawn from a national population - based study , we examined cross - sectional associations of obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) risk with cognition and quality of life and whether these vary with age , while [controlling] for demographics and comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 free
1 using 3 sample
1 using 7 -
1 using 8 free
2 a 3 sample
3 sample 4 of
4 of 6 stroke
5 2925 6 stroke
8 free 9 participants
9 participants 10 drawn
10 drawn 11 from
11 from 14 population
12 a 14 population
13 national 14 population
14 population 17 study
14 population 22 -
14 population 25 of
15 - 17 study
16 based 17 study
17 study 18 ,
18 , 22 -
19 we 20 examined
20 examined 21 cross
20 examined 22 -
21 cross 22 -
22 - 24 associations
23 sectional 24 associations
25 of 35 and
26 obstructive 27 sleep
27 sleep 32 risk
28 apnea 30 osa
28 apnea 31 )
28 apnea 32 risk
29 ( 30 osa
30 osa 31 )
32 risk 33 with
32 risk 35 and
33 with 34 cognition
35 and 36 quality
35 and 41 these
35 and 42 vary
36 quality 37 of
37 of 39 and
38 life 39 and
39 and 40 whether
41 these 42 vary
42 vary 43 with
42 vary 46 while
43 with 44 age
45 , 46 while
46 while 48 for
46 while 52 .
48 for 50 and
49 demographics 50 and
50 and 51 comorbidities

included participants from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke ( regards ) study were aged 47 - 93 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 included 2 participants
2 participants 3 from
2 participants 6 for
2 participants 17 were
3 from 5 reasons
4 the 5 reasons
6 for 10 differences
7 geographic 8 and
8 and 9 racial
9 racial 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
11 in 16 study
12 stroke 14 regards
13 ( 14 regards
14 regards 15 )
14 regards 16 study
17 were 18 aged
18 aged 19 47
20 - 22 years
21 93 22 years

osa risk was categorized as high or low based on responses to the berlin sleep questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 osa 2 risk
2 risk 3 was
3 was 4 categorized
4 categorized 5 as
5 as 7 or
6 high 7 or
7 or 8 low
7 or 9 based
9 based 10 on
10 on 11 responses
11 responses 12 to
12 to 16 questionnaire
13 the 16 questionnaire
14 berlin 15 sleep
15 sleep 16 questionnaire

cognitive [function] was assessed with standardized fluency and recall measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 cognitive 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 with
5 with 8 and
6 standardized 7 fluency
7 fluency 8 and
8 and 10 measures
9 recall 10 measures

depressive symptoms were assessed with the four - item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 depressive 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 were
3 were 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 with
5 with 7 four
6 the 7 four
8 - 10 center
9 item 10 center
10 center 11 for
11 for 15 scale
12 epidemiologic 13 studies
13 studies 14 depression
14 depression 15 scale

health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) was assessed with the medical outcomes study short form - 12 ( sf - 12 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 health 10 was
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 quality
3 related 10 was
4 quality 5 of
4 quality 8 hrqol
5 of 6 life
7 ( 8 hrqol
8 hrqol 9 )
10 was 11 assessed
11 assessed 12 with
12 with 18 form
13 the 18 form
14 medical 15 outcomes
15 outcomes 16 study
16 study 17 short
17 short 18 form
18 form 20 12
18 form 24 12
19 - 20 12
20 12 22 sf
20 12 23 -
21 ( 22 sf
22 sf 23 -
23 - 24 12
24 12 25 )

multivariate analyses of covariance ( mancova ) statistics were applied separately to the cognitive and quality of life dependent variables while accounting for potential confounders ( demographics , comorbidities ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 multivariate 2 analyses
2 analyses 8 statistics
2 analyses 10 applied
3 of 4 covariance
3 of 8 statistics
4 covariance 6 mancova
5 ( 6 mancova
6 mancova 7 )
8 statistics 9 were
9 were 10 applied
10 applied 11 separately
10 applied 12 to
10 applied 21 while
12 to 15 and
13 the 14 cognitive
14 cognitive 15 and
15 and 16 quality
15 and 17 of
17 of 20 variables
18 life 20 variables
19 dependent 20 variables
21 while 22 accounting
22 accounting 23 for
23 for 25 confounders
24 potential 25 confounders
25 confounders 27 demographics
26 ( 27 demographics
27 demographics 29 comorbidities
27 demographics 30 )
28 , 29 comorbidities
29 comorbidities 30 )

in fully adjusted models , those at high risk for osa had significantly lower cognitive [scores] ( wilks ' [lambda] = 0.996 , f3,2786 = 3.31 , p < 0.05 ) [and] lower [quality] of life [ depressive symptoms and hrqol ] ( wilks ' lambda = 0.989 [,] f3,2786 = 10.02 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 had
1 in 4 models
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 those
2 fully 3 adjusted
3 adjusted 4 models
6 those 7 at
6 those 12 had
7 at 9 risk
8 high 9 risk
9 risk 10 for
10 for 11 osa
12 had 24 f3,2786
13 significantly 14 lower
14 lower 24 f3,2786
15 cognitive 22 0.996
15 cognitive 24 f3,2786
17 ( 22 0.996
18 wilks 19 '
19 ' 22 0.996
21 = 22 0.996
22 0.996 23 ,
24 f3,2786 26 3.31
24 f3,2786 33 lower
24 f3,2786 35 of
25 = 26 3.31
26 3.31 29 <
26 3.31 33 lower
27 , 29 <
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.05
29 < 31 )
35 of 36 life
36 life 40 and
36 life 46 lambda
37 [ 40 and
38 depressive 39 symptoms
39 symptoms 40 and
40 and 41 hrqol
40 and 42 ]
43 ( 46 lambda
44 wilks 45 '
45 ' 46 lambda
46 lambda 50 f3,2786
46 lambda 51 =
46 lambda 58 .
47 = 48 0.989
48 0.989 50 f3,2786
50 f3,2786 51 =
51 = 55 <
52 10.02 55 <
53 , 55 <
54 p 55 <
55 < 56 0.0001
55 < 57 )

however , some of the associations were age - dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 associations
3 some 4 of
3 some 6 associations
4 of 6 associations
5 the 6 associations
6 associations 7 were
7 were 8 age
9 - 10 dependent
9 - 11 .

differences in cognition and quality of life between those at high and low obstructive sleep apnea risk were most pronounced during middle age , with attenuated effects after age 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 4 and
2 in 3 cognition
4 and 5 quality
4 and 6 of
4 and 8 between
4 and 18 were
6 of 7 life
8 between 9 those
9 those 10 at
10 at 17 risk
11 high 12 and
12 and 13 low
12 and 16 apnea
14 obstructive 15 sleep
15 sleep 16 apnea
16 apnea 17 risk
18 were 19 most
19 most 20 pronounced
20 pronounced 21 during
20 pronounced 25 with
21 during 23 age
22 middle 23 age
24 , 25 with
25 with 27 effects
25 with 32 .
26 attenuated 27 effects
27 effects 28 after
28 after 31 years
29 age 31 years
30 70 31 years

background : studies suggest that better cognitive and verbal abilities in childhood predict earlier experimentation with alcohol and higher levels of drinking in adolescence , whereas poorer ability is related to a higher likelihood [of] remaining abstinent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 studies
2 : 4 suggest
3 studies 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 10 abilities
5 that 13 predict
6 better 10 abilities
7 cognitive 8 and
8 and 9 verbal
8 and 10 abilities
10 abilities 11 in
11 in 12 childhood
13 predict 15 experimentation
13 predict 16 with
13 predict 26 whereas
13 predict 31 to
14 earlier 15 experimentation
16 with 18 and
17 alcohol 18 and
18 and 20 levels
18 and 25 ,
19 higher 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 22 drinking
22 drinking 23 in
23 in 24 adolescence
26 whereas 28 ability
26 whereas 29 is
27 poorer 28 ability
28 ability 29 is
29 is 30 related
31 to 37 abstinent
32 a 37 abstinent
33 higher 37 abstinent
34 likelihood 36 remaining
36 remaining 37 abstinent

whether individual differences in language development in childhood predict differences in adolescent drinking behaviors has not been [studied] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whether
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 whether 3 differences
1 whether 9 predict
1 whether 15 has
2 individual 3 differences
3 differences 4 in
3 differences 9 predict
4 in 6 development
5 language 6 development
6 development 7 in
7 in 8 childhood
9 predict 10 differences
9 predict 11 in
11 in 14 behaviors
12 adolescent 14 behaviors
13 drinking 14 behaviors
15 has 16 not
15 has 17 been

data from 2 longitudinal population - based samples of twin families were used , with verbal developmental differences in childhood reported by the parents when the twins were 12 and 16 years of age , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 data 8 samples
2 from 5 population
2 from 6 -
2 from 8 samples
3 2 5 population
4 longitudinal 5 population
7 based 8 samples
8 samples 9 of
8 samples 12 were
9 of 11 families
10 twin 11 families
12 were 13 used
13 used 15 with
13 used 36 respectively
14 , 15 with
15 with 18 differences
15 with 35 ,
16 verbal 18 differences
17 developmental 18 differences
18 differences 19 in
18 differences 22 by
18 differences 25 when
18 differences 33 of
19 in 20 childhood
20 childhood 21 reported
22 by 24 parents
23 the 24 parents
25 when 27 twins
25 when 28 were
26 the 27 twins
27 twins 28 were
28 were 32 years
29 12 30 and
30 and 31 16
30 and 32 years
33 of 34 age

results : conditional logistic regression analyses and within [-] pair correlation analyses suggested positive associations between verbal development and drinking behaviors in both data sets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 analyses
3 conditional 5 regression
4 logistic 5 regression
5 regression 6 analyses
7 and 24 data
7 and 25 sets
8 within 12 analyses
8 within 24 data
10 pair 11 correlation
11 correlation 12 analyses
12 analyses 19 and
13 suggested 15 associations
13 suggested 16 between
13 suggested 19 and
14 positive 15 associations
16 between 18 development
17 verbal 18 development
19 and 20 drinking
19 and 21 behaviors
22 in 23 both
22 in 24 data
24 data 25 sets

in analyses adjusted for birth order and birth weight , the co - twin reported to be verbally more advanced in childhood tended to report more frequent drinking and intoxication in adolescence in both samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 adjusted
3 adjusted 4 for
4 for 7 and
5 birth 6 order
6 order 7 and
7 and 9 weight
8 birth 9 weight
10 , 17 be
11 the 14 twin
12 co 13 -
12 co 14 twin
14 twin 15 reported
15 reported 16 to
16 to 17 be
17 be 19 more
17 be 20 advanced
18 verbally 19 more
20 advanced 21 in
20 advanced 24 to
20 advanced 27 frequent
21 in 22 childhood
22 childhood 23 tended
24 to 25 report
25 report 26 more
25 report 27 frequent
26 more 27 frequent
27 frequent 29 and
27 frequent 31 in
27 frequent 33 in
28 drinking 29 and
29 and 30 intoxication
31 in 32 adolescence
33 in 35 samples
34 both 35 samples

better verbal development also was associated with the likelihood of having friends who drink in adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 better 3 development
2 verbal 3 development
3 development 5 was
4 also 5 was
5 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 9 likelihood
8 the 9 likelihood
9 likelihood 10 of
10 of 11 having
11 having 12 friends
12 friends 13 who
12 friends 14 drink
13 who 14 drink
14 drink 15 in
15 in 16 adolescence

conclusions : these findings suggest that , adjusting for familial and other factors shared by co - twins , better verbal development in childhood predicts more frequent drinking and intoxication in adolescence and young adulthood , possibly due , [in] part , to peer associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 19 ,
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
5 suggest 8 adjusting
7 , 8 adjusting
8 adjusting 9 for
8 adjusting 15 by
8 adjusting 19 ,
9 for 11 and
10 familial 11 and
11 and 13 factors
11 and 14 shared
12 other 13 factors
15 by 18 twins
16 co 17 -
16 co 18 twins
19 , 22 development
19 , 25 predicts
20 better 22 development
21 verbal 22 development
22 development 23 in
22 development 25 predicts
23 in 24 childhood
25 predicts 29 and
26 more 27 frequent
27 frequent 28 drinking
28 drinking 29 and
29 and 41 part
29 and 42 ,
29 and 43 to
30 intoxication 31 in
30 intoxication 33 and
31 in 32 adolescence
33 and 35 adulthood
33 and 36 ,
33 and 41 part
34 young 35 adulthood
37 possibly 38 due
38 due 39 ,
38 due 41 part
43 to 45 associations
44 peer 45 associations

none an obvious sign [of] ageing is hair greying , or the loss of pigment production and deposition within the hair shafts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 pigment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 none 6 ageing
1 none 14 of
1 none 15 pigment
2 an 6 ageing
3 obvious 4 sign
4 sign 6 ageing
6 ageing 7 is
7 is 11 or
8 hair 9 greying
8 hair 11 or
10 , 11 or
11 or 13 loss
11 or 14 of
12 the 13 loss
15 pigment 17 and
15 pigment 19 within
16 production 17 and
17 and 18 deposition
19 within 22 shafts
20 the 22 shafts
21 hair 22 shafts

numerous mechanisms , acting at different levels and follicular locations , contribute to hair greying , ranging from melanocyte stem cells defects to follicular melanocyte death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 numerous 2 mechanisms
3 , 12 contribute
3 , 16 ,
4 acting 5 at
4 acting 11 ,
4 acting 12 contribute
5 at 8 and
6 different 7 levels
7 levels 8 and
8 and 10 locations
9 follicular 10 locations
12 contribute 13 to
13 to 14 hair
14 hair 15 greying
16 , 17 ranging
16 , 22 defects
17 ranging 18 from
17 ranging 22 defects
18 from 21 cells
19 melanocyte 21 cells
20 stem 21 cells
22 defects 23 to
23 to 26 death
24 follicular 26 death
25 melanocyte 26 death

one key issue that is in common to these processes is oxidative damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 issue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 one 3 issue
2 key 3 issue
3 issue 4 that
3 issue 5 is
3 issue 7 common
3 issue 11 is
4 that 5 is
5 is 6 in
7 common 8 to
8 to 10 processes
9 these 10 processes
11 is 13 damage
12 oxidative 13 damage

at the hair follicle stem cells niche , oxidative stress , accelerated by b - cell lymphoma 2 [gene] ( bcl - 2 ) depletion , leads to selective apoptosis and diminution of melanocyte stem cells , reducing the repopulation of newly formed anagen follicles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 follicle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 at 3 hair
1 at 4 follicle
2 the 3 hair
4 follicle 6 cells
4 follicle 7 niche
4 follicle 10 stress
4 follicle 27 leads
5 stem 6 cells
6 cells 7 niche
8 , 10 stress
9 oxidative 10 stress
10 stress 12 accelerated
10 stress 17 lymphoma
10 stress 26 ,
11 , 12 accelerated
12 accelerated 13 by
12 accelerated 15 -
13 by 14 b
15 - 17 lymphoma
16 cell 17 lymphoma
17 lymphoma 18 2
17 lymphoma 25 depletion
17 lymphoma 26 ,
20 ( 25 depletion
21 bcl 23 2
21 bcl 25 depletion
22 - 23 2
23 2 24 )
25 depletion 26 ,
27 leads 28 to
27 leads 45 follicles
28 to 31 and
29 selective 30 apoptosis
30 apoptosis 31 and
31 and 32 diminution
31 and 37 ,
31 and 38 reducing
32 diminution 33 of
33 of 36 cells
34 melanocyte 36 cells
35 stem 36 cells
38 reducing 40 repopulation
39 the 40 repopulation
40 repopulation 41 of
41 of 44 anagen
42 newly 43 formed
43 formed 44 anagen

melanotic bulbar melanocytes express high levels of bcl - 2 [to] enable survival from melanogenesis - and ultraviolet [a] ( uva ) - induced reactive oxygen species ( ros ) attacks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 melanocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 express
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 melanotic 3 melanocytes
2 bulbar 3 melanocytes
3 melanocytes 4 express
4 express 6 levels
5 high 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 8 bcl
9 - 10 2
9 - 12 enable
9 - 32 .
10 2 12 enable
12 enable 31 attacks
13 survival 14 from
13 survival 17 and
14 from 15 melanogenesis
16 - 17 and
17 and 27 species
17 and 29 ros
17 and 31 attacks
18 ultraviolet 21 uva
18 ultraviolet 23 -
18 ultraviolet 26 oxygen
20 ( 21 uva
21 uva 22 )
24 induced 26 oxygen
25 reactive 26 oxygen
26 oxygen 27 species
28 ( 29 ros
29 ros 30 )

with ageing , the bulbar melanocyte expression [of] anti - oxidant proteins such as bcl - 2 , and possibly trp - 2 , is reduced , and the dedicated enzymatic anti - oxidant defence system [throughout] [the] follicle weakens , resulting in enhanced oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bulbar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 melanocyte
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 with 2 ageing
1 with 3 ,
1 with 5 bulbar
4 the 5 bulbar
5 bulbar 6 melanocyte
6 melanocyte 7 expression
7 expression 9 anti
10 - 11 oxidant
10 - 16 -
10 - 18 ,
11 oxidant 12 proteins
11 oxidant 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 15 bcl
16 - 17 2
18 , 19 and
18 , 26 reduced
18 , 28 and
19 and 21 trp
20 possibly 21 trp
21 trp 23 2
21 trp 25 is
22 - 23 2
23 2 24 ,
25 is 26 reduced
27 , 28 and
28 and 39 follicle
28 and 40 weakens
29 the 39 follicle
30 dedicated 39 follicle
31 enzymatic 39 follicle
32 anti 33 -
32 anti 34 oxidant
34 oxidant 35 defence
35 defence 39 follicle
36 system 39 follicle
39 follicle 40 weakens
40 weakens 42 resulting
41 , 42 resulting
42 resulting 43 in
42 resulting 47 .
43 in 46 stress
44 enhanced 46 stress
45 oxidative 46 stress

a marked reduction in [catalase] expression and activity results in millimolar accumulation of hydrogen peroxide , contributing to bulbar melanocyte malfunction and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 results
1 a 3 reduction
2 marked 3 reduction
3 reduction 4 in
3 reduction 9 results
4 in 7 and
6 expression 7 and
7 and 8 activity
9 results 10 in
9 results 17 contributing
10 in 12 accumulation
11 millimolar 12 accumulation
12 accumulation 13 of
13 of 15 peroxide
14 hydrogen 15 peroxide
16 , 17 contributing
17 contributing 18 to
17 contributing 24 .
18 to 22 and
19 bulbar 21 malfunction
20 melanocyte 21 malfunction
21 malfunction 22 and
22 and 23 death

interestingly , amelanotic melanocytes at the outer root sheath ( ors ) are somewhat less affected by these processes and [survive] for longer time even within the white , ageing hair follicles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 melanocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 melanocytes
3 amelanotic 4 melanocytes
4 melanocytes 5 at
4 melanocytes 13 are
5 at 9 sheath
6 the 9 sheath
7 outer 8 root
8 root 9 sheath
9 sheath 11 ors
10 ( 11 ors
11 ors 12 )
13 are 15 less
13 are 16 affected
14 somewhat 15 less
16 affected 20 and
17 by 19 processes
17 by 20 and
18 these 19 processes
20 and 22 for
22 for 24 time
23 longer 24 time
24 time 31 hair
24 time 32 follicles
25 even 26 within
25 even 29 ,
25 even 31 hair
26 within 28 white
27 the 28 white
30 ageing 31 hair
31 hair 32 follicles

better understanding of the overtime susceptibility of melanocytes to oxidative stress at the different follicular locations might yield clues to possible therapies for the prevention and reversal of hair greying . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 yield
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 better 2 understanding
2 understanding 3 of
2 understanding 17 might
3 of 6 susceptibility
4 the 6 susceptibility
5 overtime 6 susceptibility
6 susceptibility 7 of
7 of 8 melanocytes
8 melanocytes 9 to
8 melanocytes 12 at
9 to 11 stress
10 oxidative 11 stress
12 at 16 locations
13 the 16 locations
14 different 16 locations
15 follicular 16 locations
17 might 18 yield
18 yield 19 clues
19 clues 20 to
19 clues 30 greying
20 to 26 and
21 possible 22 therapies
22 therapies 23 for
22 therapies 26 and
23 for 25 prevention
24 the 25 prevention
26 and 27 reversal
26 and 28 of
28 of 29 hair

recent discoveries indicate that disorders of protein folding and degradation play a particularly important role in the development of lung diseases and their associated complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discoveries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 2 discoveries
2 discoveries 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 9 and
4 that 11 play
5 disorders 6 of
5 disorders 9 and
6 of 7 protein
7 protein 8 folding
9 and 10 degradation
9 and 11 play
11 play 15 role
11 play 16 in
12 a 13 particularly
12 a 15 role
13 particularly 14 important
14 important 15 role
16 in 18 development
17 the 18 development
18 development 19 of
19 of 22 and
20 lung 21 diseases
21 diseases 22 and
22 and 25 complications
23 their 25 complications
24 associated 25 complications

the overarching purpose of the national heart , lung , and blood institute workshop on " malformed protein structure and proteostasis in lung diseases " was to identify mechanistic and clinical research opportunities indicated by these recent discoveries in proteostasis science that will advance our molecular understanding of lung pathobiology and facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of lung disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 69 .
1 the 3 purpose
2 overarching 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 of
3 purpose 26 was
4 of 14 workshop
5 the 14 workshop
6 national 7 heart
7 heart 8 ,
8 , 9 lung
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 blood
11 and 14 workshop
13 institute 14 workshop
14 workshop 15 on
14 workshop 22 in
15 on 16 "
15 on 21 proteostasis
17 malformed 18 protein
18 protein 19 structure
19 structure 20 and
20 and 21 proteostasis
22 in 24 diseases
23 lung 24 diseases
24 diseases 25 "
26 was 27 to
26 was 34 indicated
27 to 28 identify
28 identify 32 research
29 mechanistic 30 and
30 and 31 clinical
30 and 32 research
32 research 33 opportunities
32 research 34 indicated
33 opportunities 34 indicated
34 indicated 35 by
35 by 38 discoveries
36 these 38 discoveries
37 recent 38 discoveries
38 discoveries 39 in
38 discoveries 42 that
38 discoveries 51 and
39 in 41 science
40 proteostasis 41 science
42 that 51 and
43 will 44 advance
43 will 51 and
44 advance 47 understanding
45 our 47 understanding
46 molecular 47 understanding
47 understanding 48 of
48 of 50 pathobiology
49 lung 50 pathobiology
51 and 52 facilitate
52 facilitate 54 development
53 the 54 development
54 development 55 of
55 of 60 strategies
56 new 60 strategies
57 diagnostic 58 and
58 and 59 therapeutic
58 and 60 strategies
60 strategies 61 for
60 strategies 66 of
61 for 64 and
62 the 63 prevention
63 prevention 64 and
64 and 65 treatment
66 of 68 disease
67 lung 68 disease

the workshop 's discussion focused on identifying gaps in scientific knowledge with respect to proteostasis and lung disease , discussing new research advances and opportunities in protein folding science , and highlighting novel technologies with potential therapeutic applications for diagnosis and treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 workshop
2 workshop 3 's
3 's 4 discussion
4 discussion 5 focused
4 discussion 9 in
4 discussion 16 and
5 focused 6 on
6 on 7 identifying
7 identifying 8 gaps
9 in 11 knowledge
10 scientific 11 knowledge
11 knowledge 12 with
11 knowledge 14 to
12 with 13 respect
14 to 15 proteostasis
16 and 18 disease
16 and 19 ,
16 and 20 discussing
16 and 28 folding
17 lung 18 disease
20 discussing 24 and
20 discussing 26 in
21 new 23 advances
22 research 23 advances
23 advances 24 and
24 and 25 opportunities
26 in 27 protein
28 folding 31 and
29 science 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 technologies
32 highlighting 34 technologies
33 novel 34 technologies
34 technologies 35 with
35 with 38 applications
36 potential 38 applications
37 therapeutic 38 applications
38 applications 39 for
39 for 41 and
40 diagnosis 41 and
41 and 42 treatment

objectives : older adults complain of sleep disturbances more often than younger adults do . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 5 complain
2 : 15 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 complain
5 complain 6 of
5 complain 10 often
5 complain 11 than
6 of 8 disturbances
7 sleep 8 disturbances
9 more 10 often
11 than 14 do
12 younger 13 adults
13 adults 14 do

it is not clear whether the age - related rise [in] sleep problems is related to aging itself or to health - related quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 clear
4 clear 5 whether
5 whether 7 age
5 whether 15 related
6 the 7 age
7 age 14 is
8 - 9 related
9 related 13 problems
9 related 14 is
10 rise 13 problems
12 sleep 13 problems
14 is 15 related
15 related 19 or
16 to 17 aging
16 to 19 or
17 aging 18 itself
19 or 20 to
20 to 21 health
22 - 23 related
23 related 24 quality
23 related 27 .
24 quality 25 of
25 of 26 life

the aim of this study was to explore the presence of self [-] reported sleep problems in healthy elderly individuals and to evaluate whether changes occurred over a 3 [-] year follow - up . 
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 21 and
7 to 21 and
8 explore 10 presence
8 explore 17 in
8 explore 21 and
9 the 10 presence
10 presence 11 of
11 of 16 problems
12 self 16 problems
14 reported 15 sleep
15 sleep 16 problems
17 in 20 individuals
18 healthy 20 individuals
19 elderly 20 individuals
21 and 22 to
21 and 32 follow
22 to 23 evaluate
23 evaluate 24 whether
24 whether 25 changes
24 whether 26 occurred
25 changes 26 occurred
26 occurred 27 over
27 over 31 year
28 a 31 year
29 3 31 year
32 follow 34 up
33 - 34 up
34 up 35 .

methods : a total [of] 314 older community - dwelling volunteers , aged 71.6±1.0 years old , were examined and followed for 3 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 8 community
3 a 8 community
4 total 8 community
6 314 8 community
7 older 8 community
9 - 10 dwelling
9 - 11 volunteers
9 - 12 ,
9 - 25 .
10 dwelling 11 volunteers
12 , 17 ,
13 aged 14 71.6±1.0
13 aged 17 ,
14 71.6±1.0 16 old
15 years 16 old
17 , 18 were
18 were 20 and
19 examined 20 and
20 and 21 followed
20 and 22 for
22 for 24 years
23 3 24 years

all of the subjects completed questionnaires evaluating anxiety , depression , and sleepiness and the pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) at the first and second evaluations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 26 and
2 of 4 subjects
3 the 4 subjects
5 completed 6 questionnaires
5 completed 23 at
5 completed 26 and
6 questionnaires 7 evaluating
6 questionnaires 14 and
7 evaluating 8 anxiety
9 , 14 and
10 depression 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 sleepiness
12 and 14 and
14 and 21 psqi
14 and 22 )
15 the 21 psqi
16 pittsburgh 17 sleep
17 sleep 18 quality
18 quality 19 index
19 index 21 psqi
20 ( 21 psqi
23 at 25 first
24 the 25 first
26 and 27 second
27 second 28 evaluations

on the basis of the psqi items , the subjects were classified as good or bad sleepers and as short , normal , or long sleepers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 on 3 basis
1 on 8 ,
1 on 10 subjects
2 the 3 basis
3 basis 4 of
4 of 7 items
5 the 7 items
6 psqi 7 items
9 the 10 subjects
10 subjects 11 were
11 were 18 and
12 classified 13 as
12 classified 18 and
13 as 17 sleepers
14 good 15 or
15 or 16 bad
15 or 17 sleepers
18 and 20 short
19 as 20 short
21 , 24 or
22 normal 24 or
23 , 24 or
24 or 26 sleepers
25 long 26 sleepers

results : at baseline , 53 % of the subjects reported good sleep , with 61 % reporting a sleep duration of approximately 7 hr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 at
2 : 15 with
3 at 4 baseline
4 baseline 7 %
5 , 7 %
6 53 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 14 ,
8 of 13 sleep
9 the 13 sleep
10 subjects 11 reported
11 reported 13 sleep
12 good 13 sleep
15 with 17 %
16 61 17 %
17 % 18 reporting
18 reporting 21 duration
19 a 20 sleep
19 a 21 duration
20 sleep 21 duration
21 duration 22 of
22 of 25 hr
23 approximately 24 7
24 7 25 hr

the total sleep time and the numbers of short , normal , and long sleepers were similar at baseline and at 3 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 time
2 total 3 sleep
3 sleep 4 time
4 time 5 and
5 and 7 numbers
5 and 8 of
5 and 16 were
6 the 7 numbers
8 of 15 sleepers
9 short 10 ,
9 short 15 sleepers
11 normal 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 long
13 and 15 sleepers
16 were 17 similar
17 similar 20 and
17 similar 24 later
18 at 19 baseline
18 at 20 and
20 and 21 at
21 at 23 years
22 3 23 years

over time , there was a slight increase ( p<0.001 [ )(in bad sleepers ( 53 % ) and a rise in the occasional hypnotic intake ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 over 2 time
1 over 3 ,
1 over 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 increase
6 a 8 increase
7 slight 8 increase
8 increase 19 and
9 ( 19 and
10 p<0.001 12 )(in
10 p<0.001 19 and
12 )(in 14 sleepers
13 bad 14 sleepers
14 sleepers 17 %
15 ( 17 %
16 53 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 and 21 rise
19 and 22 in
19 and 29 )
20 a 21 rise
22 in 26 intake
23 the 26 intake
24 occasional 26 intake
25 hypnotic 26 intake
26 intake 28 p<0.001
27 ( 28 p<0.001
28 p<0.001 29 )

considering individual variation , the majority of subjects remained stable at [follow] - up for sleep duration ( 65 % ) , sleep quality ( 75 % ) , and medication ( 83 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 considering 3 variation
1 considering 4 ,
1 considering 8 subjects
2 individual 3 variation
5 the 6 majority
6 majority 7 of
6 majority 8 subjects
7 of 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 remained
9 remained 30 and
10 stable 11 at
10 stable 15 for
10 stable 30 and
11 at 14 up
13 - 14 up
15 for 17 duration
16 sleep 17 duration
17 duration 20 %
17 duration 24 quality
18 ( 20 %
19 65 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 , 24 quality
23 sleep 24 quality
24 quality 27 %
24 quality 29 ,
25 ( 27 %
26 75 27 %
27 % 28 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 medication
30 and 34 %
32 ( 34 %
33 83 34 %
34 % 35 )

conclusions : in a healthy older population , the majority of the subjects did not report bad and short sleep at baseline and did not have significant changes in [self] - perceived sleep 3 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 population
4 a 5 healthy
4 a 7 population
5 healthy 7 population
6 older 7 population
7 population 13 subjects
8 , 13 subjects
9 the 10 majority
10 majority 11 of
10 majority 13 subjects
11 of 13 subjects
12 the 13 subjects
13 subjects 23 and
13 subjects 31 -
14 did 15 not
14 did 16 report
14 did 23 and
16 report 20 sleep
16 report 21 at
17 bad 18 and
18 and 19 short
18 and 20 sleep
21 at 22 baseline
23 and 24 did
23 and 29 in
24 did 25 not
24 did 26 have
26 have 28 changes
27 significant 28 changes
31 - 33 sleep
32 perceived 33 sleep
33 sleep 34 3
33 sleep 36 later
35 years 36 later

these findings suggest that the reported sleep disturbances described in the elderly are more dependent on physical , environmental , and health factors rather than on age - dependent sleep changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 8 disturbances
4 that 13 are
5 the 8 disturbances
6 reported 7 sleep
7 sleep 8 disturbances
8 disturbances 9 described
8 disturbances 13 are
9 described 10 in
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly
13 are 15 dependent
14 more 15 dependent
15 dependent 16 on
15 dependent 25 than
16 on 21 and
17 physical 18 ,
18 , 19 environmental
18 , 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 factors
22 health 23 factors
24 rather 25 than
25 than 26 on
26 on 27 age
28 - 30 sleep
28 - 31 changes
28 - 32 .
29 dependent 30 sleep
30 sleep 31 changes

clinical trial registration : nct 00759304 and nct 00766584 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 registration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 clinical 2 trial
2 trial 3 registration
3 registration 4 :
4 : 8 nct
5 nct 6 00759304
5 nct 7 and
7 and 8 nct
8 nct 9 00766584

none background : although many studies have shown that diabetes increases the risk for urinary incontinence , it is unclear whether poor glycemic control in women with diabetes is associated with incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 3 :
1 none 11 increases
2 background 3 :
3 : 4 although
4 although 6 studies
4 although 8 shown
5 many 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 shown
8 shown 9 that
8 shown 10 diabetes
11 increases 13 risk
12 the 13 risk
13 risk 14 for
14 for 16 incontinence
15 urinary 16 incontinence
17 , 18 it
17 , 19 is
18 it 19 is
19 is 20 unclear
20 unclear 21 whether
21 whether 24 control
21 whether 30 associated
22 poor 24 control
23 glycemic 24 control
24 control 25 in
24 control 29 is
25 in 26 women
26 women 27 with
27 with 28 diabetes
29 is 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
31 with 32 incontinence

this study aims to determine the relationship between the hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) level and urinary incontinence in a large , diverse cohort of older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 determine
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 7 relationship
5 determine 8 between
5 determine 19 in
6 the 7 relationship
8 between 16 and
9 the 15 level
10 hemoglobin 15 level
11 a1c 13 hba1c
11 a1c 15 level
12 ( 13 hba1c
13 hba1c 14 )
15 level 16 and
16 and 18 incontinence
17 urinary 18 incontinence
19 in 24 cohort
20 a 21 large
20 a 24 cohort
21 large 22 ,
21 large 24 cohort
23 diverse 24 cohort
24 cohort 25 of
25 of 27 women
26 older 27 women

methods : we examined 6026 older women who responded to a survey ( 62 % [response] [rate] ) and were enrolled in the diabetes and aging study , an ethnically stratified random sample of patients with diabetes enrolled in kaiser permanente northern california . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 21 enrolled
2 : 28 ,
2 : 44 .
3 we 19 and
4 examined 7 women
4 examined 19 and
5 6026 7 women
6 older 7 women
7 women 8 who
7 women 9 responded
7 women 15 %
8 who 9 responded
9 responded 10 to
10 to 12 survey
11 a 12 survey
13 ( 15 %
14 62 15 %
15 % 18 )
19 and 20 were
20 were 21 enrolled
21 enrolled 22 in
22 in 27 study
23 the 27 study
24 diabetes 25 and
25 and 26 aging
26 aging 27 study
28 , 33 sample
28 , 38 enrolled
29 an 33 sample
30 ethnically 31 stratified
31 stratified 33 sample
32 random 33 sample
33 sample 34 of
33 sample 36 with
33 sample 38 enrolled
34 of 35 patients
36 with 37 diabetes
38 enrolled 39 in
39 in 43 california
40 kaiser 41 permanente
41 permanente 42 northern
42 northern 43 california

our primary independent variable was the mean of all hba1c measurements in the year preceding the survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 our 4 variable
2 primary 4 variable
3 independent 4 variable
4 variable 5 was
5 was 7 mean
6 the 7 mean
7 mean 8 of
8 of 11 measurements
9 all 11 measurements
10 hba1c 11 measurements
11 measurements 12 in
12 in 14 year
13 the 14 year
14 year 15 preceding
15 preceding 17 survey
16 the 17 survey

outcomes included the presence/absence of incontinence and limitations in daily activities due to incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 outcomes 2 included
2 included 4 presence/absence
2 included 9 in
2 included 13 to
3 the 4 presence/absence
4 presence/absence 5 of
5 of 7 and
6 incontinence 7 and
7 and 8 limitations
9 in 11 activities
10 daily 11 activities
12 due 13 to
13 to 14 incontinence

we used modified poisson regression and ordinal logistic regression models to account for age , race , body mass index , parity , diabetes treatment , duration of diabetes , and comorbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 6 and
2 used 11 to
2 used 12 account
3 modified 5 regression
4 poisson 5 regression
5 regression 6 and
6 and 10 models
7 ordinal 8 logistic
8 logistic 10 models
9 regression 10 models
11 to 12 account
12 account 13 for
13 for 14 age
15 , 31 and
16 race 17 ,
17 , 20 index
17 , 21 ,
18 body 19 mass
19 mass 20 index
21 , 22 parity
21 , 23 ,
23 , 25 treatment
23 , 26 ,
24 diabetes 25 treatment
26 , 27 duration
26 , 31 and
27 duration 28 of
28 of 29 diabetes
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 comorbidity

results : sixty - five percent of women reported incontinence ( mean age 59±10 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 percent
2 : 9 reported
2 : 17 .
3 sixty 4 -
4 - 5 five
4 - 6 percent
6 percent 7 of
6 percent 9 reported
7 of 8 women
9 reported 10 incontinence
10 incontinence 15 years
11 ( 15 years
12 mean 13 age
13 age 15 years
14 59±10 15 years
15 years 16 )

after adjustment , hba1c levels were not associated with the presence or absence of incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 after 2 adjustment
1 after 3 ,
1 after 5 levels
4 hba1c 5 levels
5 levels 6 were
6 were 7 not
6 were 9 with
7 not 8 associated
9 with 12 or
10 the 11 presence
11 presence 12 or
12 or 13 absence
12 or 14 of
14 of 15 incontinence

however , among women reporting incontinence , hba1c ≥9 [%] was associated with more limitations due to incontinence than hba1c < 6 % ( adjusted odds ratio 1.67 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.09 - 2.57 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 hba1c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 however 8 hba1c
1 however 12 associated
1 however 20 hba1c
2 , 3 among
3 among 4 women
3 among 7 ,
3 among 8 hba1c
4 women 5 reporting
5 reporting 6 incontinence
8 hba1c 9 ≥9
8 hba1c 11 was
8 hba1c 12 associated
9 ≥9 11 was
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 limitations
14 more 15 limitations
15 limitations 16 due
16 due 17 to
16 due 19 than
17 to 18 incontinence
20 hba1c 21 <
21 < 23 %
22 6 23 %
23 % 27 ratio
24 ( 27 ratio
25 adjusted 26 odds
26 odds 27 ratio
27 ratio 28 1.67
27 ratio 29 ,
29 , 33 interval
29 , 34 :
30 95 31 %
31 % 32 confidence
32 confidence 33 interval
34 : 35 1.09
35 1.09 37 2.57
36 - 37 2.57
37 2.57 38 )

conclusion : in this cross - sectional analysis , hba1c level is not associated with the presence or absence of incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 cross
4 this 5 cross
5 cross 8 analysis
6 - 8 analysis
7 sectional 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 ,
9 , 10 hba1c
9 , 14 associated
10 hba1c 11 level
10 hba1c 12 is
10 hba1c 14 associated
11 level 12 is
12 is 13 not
14 associated 15 with
15 with 18 or
16 the 17 presence
17 presence 18 or
18 or 19 absence
18 or 20 of
20 of 21 incontinence

however , for women with incontinence , poor glycemic control ( hba1c ≥9 [%] ) is associated with more limitations in daily activities due to incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 10 control
2 , 3 for
3 for 4 women
3 for 7 ,
3 for 10 control
4 women 5 with
5 with 6 incontinence
8 poor 10 control
9 glycemic 10 control
10 control 13 ≥9
10 control 16 is
11 ( 13 ≥9
12 hba1c 13 ≥9
13 ≥9 15 )
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 21 in
17 associated 25 to
18 with 20 limitations
19 more 20 limitations
21 in 23 activities
22 daily 23 activities
24 due 25 to
25 to 26 incontinence

longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether improving glycemic control to hba1c < 9 % leads to fewer limitations in daily activities due to incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 longitudinal 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 17 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 7 whether
7 whether 8 improving
7 whether 13 <
8 improving 10 control
8 improving 11 to
8 improving 13 <
9 glycemic 10 control
11 to 12 hba1c
13 < 16 leads
14 9 15 %
15 % 16 leads
17 to 19 limitations
18 fewer 19 limitations
19 limitations 20 in
20 in 22 activities
21 daily 22 activities
22 activities 23 due
23 due 24 to
24 to 25 incontinence

studies of oxidative damage during the progression of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) suggest its central role in disease pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 studies 2 of
1 studies 15 suggest
2 of 4 damage
3 oxidative 4 damage
4 damage 5 during
5 during 7 progression
6 the 7 progression
7 progression 8 of
8 of 11 disease
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 11 disease
11 disease 13 ad
12 ( 13 ad
13 ad 14 )
15 suggest 18 role
15 suggest 19 in
16 its 18 role
17 central 18 role
19 in 21 pathogenesis
20 disease 21 pathogenesis

median levels of multiple dna [adducts] in nuclear and mitochondrial dna were significantly ( [p] ≤ 0.05 [ )(elevated in the smtg , ipl , and cer in multiple stages of ad and in [dc] subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 median 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 26 and
3 of 5 dna
4 multiple 5 dna
5 dna 7 in
5 dna 11 dna
5 dna 12 were
5 dna 16 ≤
7 in 9 and
8 nuclear 9 and
9 and 10 mitochondrial
11 dna 12 were
12 were 13 significantly
14 ( 16 ≤
16 ≤ 17 0.05
16 ≤ 19 )(elevated
16 ≤ 20 in
16 ≤ 25 ,
17 0.05 19 )(elevated
20 in 22 smtg
21 the 22 smtg
22 smtg 24 ipl
23 , 24 ipl
24 ipl 25 ,
26 and 27 cer
26 and 33 and
28 in 30 stages
28 in 33 and
29 multiple 30 stages
30 stages 31 of
31 of 32 ad
33 and 34 in
34 in 36 subjects

elevated levels of fapyguanine and fapyadenine in mitochondrial dna suggest a hypoxic environment early in the progression of ad and in [dc] subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 elevated 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 10 suggest
3 of 5 and
4 fapyguanine 5 and
5 and 6 fapyadenine
5 and 7 in
7 in 9 dna
8 mitochondrial 9 dna
10 suggest 13 environment
11 a 12 hypoxic
11 a 13 environment
12 hypoxic 13 environment
13 environment 14 early
14 early 20 and
15 in 17 progression
15 in 20 and
16 the 17 progression
17 progression 18 of
18 of 19 ad
20 and 21 in
21 in 23 subjects

overall , these data suggest that oxidative damage is an early event not only in the pathogenesis of ad but [is] also present in neurodegenerative diseases in general . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 9 is
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 damage
6 that 9 is
7 oxidative 8 damage
9 is 12 event
9 is 13 not
9 is 14 only
9 is 23 present
10 an 11 early
10 an 12 event
11 early 12 event
14 only 15 in
15 in 17 pathogenesis
16 the 17 pathogenesis
17 pathogenesis 18 of
18 of 19 ad
19 ad 20 but
20 but 22 also
23 present 24 in
23 present 28 general
24 in 26 diseases
25 neurodegenerative 26 diseases
27 in 28 general

nucleic acid oxidation peaked early in disease progression and remained elevated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 oxidation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 nucleic 3 oxidation
2 acid 3 oxidation
3 oxidation 9 and
4 peaked 5 early
4 peaked 9 and
5 early 6 in
6 in 8 progression
7 disease 8 progression
9 and 10 remained
10 remained 11 elevated

the study suggests nucleic acid oxidation is a general event in neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 suggests
3 suggests 6 oxidation
3 suggests 7 is
4 nucleic 6 oxidation
5 acid 6 oxidation
6 oxidation 7 is
7 is 10 event
8 a 9 general
8 a 10 event
9 general 10 event
10 event 11 in
11 in 12 neurodegeneration

autonomic dysfunction is common in hiv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 autonomic 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 3 is
3 is 4 common
4 common 5 in
5 in 6 hiv

however , its clinical impact is not well understood and its protean symptoms make it difficult to diagnose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 impact
3 its 5 impact
4 clinical 5 impact
5 impact 6 is
6 is 7 not
6 is 8 well
8 well 9 understood
10 and 13 symptoms
10 and 14 make
11 its 13 symptoms
12 protean 13 symptoms
13 symptoms 14 make
14 make 15 it
15 it 16 difficult
16 difficult 17 to
16 difficult 18 diagnose
17 to 18 diagnose

we sought to determine [:] [(] 1 [ )(whether autonomic neuropathy is associated with morbidity and predicted mortality in hiv as measured by the veterans aging cohort study ( vacs ) index [;] [and] ( 2 [ )( healthcare providers recognize the diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 7 1
4 determine 9 )(whether
4 determine 14 with
9 )(whether 11 neuropathy
9 )(whether 13 associated
10 autonomic 11 neuropathy
11 neuropathy 12 is
12 is 13 associated
14 with 16 and
14 with 19 in
15 morbidity 16 and
16 and 18 mortality
17 predicted 18 mortality
19 in 20 hiv
20 hiv 22 measured
21 as 22 measured
22 measured 23 by
23 by 32 index
24 the 32 index
25 veterans 26 aging
26 aging 27 cohort
27 cohort 28 study
28 study 30 vacs
28 study 32 index
29 ( 30 vacs
30 vacs 31 )
32 index 36 2
35 ( 36 2
36 2 40 providers
36 2 41 recognize
36 2 47 .
39 healthcare 40 providers
40 providers 41 recognize
41 recognize 43 diagnosis
42 the 43 diagnosis
43 diagnosis 44 of
44 of 46 neuropathy
45 autonomic 46 neuropathy

data were obtained from 102 hiv - infected adults enrolled in a prevalence study of autonomic dysfunction from 2011 - 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 obtained
3 obtained 4 from
4 from 6 hiv
5 102 6 hiv
7 - 9 adults
7 - 10 enrolled
7 - 22 .
8 infected 9 adults
9 adults 10 enrolled
10 enrolled 11 in
11 in 14 study
12 a 14 study
13 prevalence 14 study
14 study 15 of
15 of 17 dysfunction
16 autonomic 17 dysfunction
17 dysfunction 20 -
18 from 20 -
19 2011 20 -
20 - 21 2012

participants were [predominantly] minority with nearly equal numbers of men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 11 and
4 minority 5 with
4 minority 11 and
5 with 10 men
6 nearly 7 equal
7 equal 8 numbers
8 numbers 9 of
8 numbers 10 men
9 of 10 men
11 and 12 women

most were receiving an antiretroviral regimen with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone and a base of a [non] [-] nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor , protease inhibitor , or integrase inhibitor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 most 2 were
2 were 3 receiving
3 receiving 6 regimen
3 receiving 7 with
4 an 5 antiretroviral
4 an 6 regimen
5 antiretroviral 6 regimen
7 with 14 and
8 a 13 backbone
9 nucleoside 12 inhibitor
10 reverse 12 inhibitor
11 transcriptase 12 inhibitor
12 inhibitor 13 backbone
13 backbone 14 and
14 and 16 base
14 and 17 of
15 a 16 base
17 of 29 or
18 a 24 inhibitor
21 nucleoside 24 inhibitor
22 reverse 24 inhibitor
23 transcriptase 24 inhibitor
24 inhibitor 25 ,
25 , 27 inhibitor
25 , 29 or
26 protease 27 inhibitor
28 , 29 or
29 or 31 inhibitor
30 integrase 31 inhibitor

autonomic neuropathy was defined using a laboratory - based autonomic assessment , the composite autonomic severity score ( cass ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neuropathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 autonomic 2 neuropathy
2 neuropathy 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 using
5 using 7 laboratory
6 a 7 laboratory
7 laboratory 11 assessment
7 laboratory 19 cass
8 - 11 assessment
9 based 11 assessment
10 autonomic 11 assessment
11 assessment 12 ,
12 , 19 cass
13 the 19 cass
14 composite 15 autonomic
15 autonomic 16 severity
16 severity 17 score
17 score 19 cass
18 ( 19 cass
19 cass 20 )

medical records were reviewed for the year prior to the autonomic assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 records
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 medical 2 records
2 records 3 were
3 were 4 reviewed
4 reviewed 5 for
4 reviewed 9 to
5 for 7 year
6 the 7 year
8 prior 9 to
9 to 12 assessment
10 the 12 assessment
11 autonomic 12 assessment

we found that the autonomic neuropathy score ( cass ) was associated with the vacs index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 7 score
3 that 12 associated
4 the 7 score
5 autonomic 7 score
6 neuropathy 7 score
7 score 9 cass
7 score 11 was
8 ( 9 cass
9 cass 10 )
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 16 index
14 the 16 index
15 vacs 16 index

we also found that among 53 participants with symptomatic autonomic neuropathy , the diagnosis had been considered for only one . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 14 diagnosis
4 that 17 considered
5 among 7 participants
5 among 12 ,
5 among 14 diagnosis
6 53 7 participants
7 participants 8 with
8 with 11 neuropathy
9 symptomatic 11 neuropathy
10 autonomic 11 neuropathy
13 the 14 diagnosis
14 diagnosis 15 had
15 had 16 been
16 been 17 considered
17 considered 18 for
18 for 20 one
19 only 20 one

the majority of the symptoms were [either] unexplained or attributed to medication side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 5 symptoms
3 of 5 symptoms
4 the 5 symptoms
5 symptoms 9 or
6 were 8 unexplained
6 were 9 or
9 or 10 attributed
9 or 11 to
9 or 14 effects
11 to 12 medication
13 side 14 effects

this study demonstrates that autonomic neuropathy in hiv is associated with serious co - morbid illnesses known to increase mortality risk , and that hiv healthcare providers rarely consider autonomic neuropathy in their differential diagnoses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 demonstrates
3 demonstrates 4 that
4 that 6 neuropathy
4 that 10 associated
5 autonomic 6 neuropathy
6 neuropathy 7 in
6 neuropathy 9 is
7 in 8 hiv
9 is 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 16 illnesses
12 serious 16 illnesses
13 co 14 -
13 co 16 illnesses
15 morbid 16 illnesses
16 illnesses 17 known
17 known 18 to
17 known 19 increase
18 to 19 increase
19 increase 25 hiv
19 increase 32 in
20 mortality 21 risk
21 risk 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 that
23 and 25 hiv
25 hiv 27 providers
25 hiv 29 consider
26 healthcare 27 providers
27 providers 29 consider
28 rarely 29 consider
29 consider 31 neuropathy
30 autonomic 31 neuropathy
32 in 35 diagnoses
33 their 35 diagnoses
34 differential 35 diagnoses

future studies are needed to determine if autonomic neuropathy is an independent risk factor for mortality in hiv , and to raise awareness of its signs and symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 7 if
7 if 9 neuropathy
7 if 10 is
8 autonomic 9 neuropathy
9 neuropathy 10 is
10 is 14 factor
11 an 14 factor
12 independent 14 factor
13 risk 14 factor
14 factor 15 for
14 factor 24 of
15 for 16 mortality
16 mortality 20 and
17 in 18 hiv
17 in 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 to
21 to 23 awareness
22 raise 23 awareness
24 of 27 and
25 its 26 signs
26 signs 27 and
27 and 28 symptoms

the population is aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 the 2 population
2 population 3 is
3 is 4 aging

over the coming years , the incidence of age - related chronic diseases such as cancer is expected to continue to increase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 over 4 years
1 over 5 ,
1 over 7 incidence
2 the 4 years
3 coming 4 years
6 the 7 incidence
7 incidence 8 of
7 incidence 17 is
8 of 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 13 diseases
11 related 17 is
12 chronic 13 diseases
13 diseases 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 16 cancer
17 is 18 expected
18 expected 19 to
18 expected 20 continue
19 to 20 continue
20 continue 21 to
20 continue 22 increase
21 to 22 increase

phytochemicals , which are [non] - nutritive chemicals found in plants and food , have emerged as modulators of key cellular signaling pathways exerting proven anticancer effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phytochemicals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 , 3 which
2 , 4 are
2 , 6 -
3 which 4 are
6 - 12 and
6 - 14 ,
7 nutritive 8 chemicals
8 chemicals 9 found
8 chemicals 12 and
9 found 10 in
10 in 11 plants
12 and 13 food
14 , 15 have
15 have 16 emerged
16 emerged 17 as
17 as 18 modulators
18 modulators 19 of
18 modulators 24 exerting
19 of 23 pathways
20 key 23 pathways
21 cellular 23 pathways
22 signaling 23 pathways
24 exerting 27 effects
25 proven 27 effects
26 anticancer 27 effects

the challenge now is to develop personalized supplements comprised of specific phytochemicals for each clinical situation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 challenge
2 challenge 4 is
3 now 4 is
4 is 5 to
4 is 9 comprised
5 to 6 develop
6 develop 8 supplements
7 personalized 8 supplements
9 comprised 10 of
10 of 12 phytochemicals
11 specific 12 phytochemicals
12 phytochemicals 13 for
13 for 16 situation
14 each 16 situation
15 clinical 16 situation

this will be possible once a better understanding is gained of the molecular basis explaining the impact of phytochemicals on human health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 will
2 will 3 be
3 be 4 possible
4 possible 5 once
5 once 8 understanding
5 once 10 gained
6 a 8 understanding
7 better 8 understanding
8 understanding 9 is
9 is 10 gained
10 gained 11 of
11 of 14 basis
12 the 14 basis
13 molecular 14 basis
14 basis 15 explaining
15 explaining 17 impact
15 explaining 20 on
16 the 17 impact
17 impact 18 of
18 of 19 phytochemicals
20 on 22 health
21 human 22 health

the aim of the present literature review is to summarize current knowledge of the dietary phytochemicals with proven antitumor activity , with a special emphasis placed on their molecular targets . 
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 8 is
3 of 7 review
4 the 7 review
5 present 7 review
6 literature 7 review
8 is 9 to
8 is 10 summarize
9 to 10 summarize
10 summarize 12 knowledge
10 summarize 17 with
11 current 12 knowledge
12 knowledge 13 of
13 of 16 phytochemicals
14 the 16 phytochemicals
15 dietary 16 phytochemicals
17 with 20 activity
18 proven 20 activity
19 antitumor 20 activity
20 activity 22 with
21 , 22 with
22 with 25 emphasis
22 with 31 .
23 a 24 special
23 a 25 emphasis
24 special 25 emphasis
25 emphasis 26 placed
25 emphasis 27 on
27 on 30 targets
28 their 30 targets
29 molecular 30 targets

also discussed are the limits of existing research strategies and the future directions of this field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 also 2 discussed
2 discussed 3 are
3 are 10 and
4 the 5 limits
5 limits 6 of
5 limits 10 and
6 of 9 strategies
7 existing 8 research
8 research 9 strategies
10 and 13 directions
10 and 14 of
11 the 13 directions
12 future 13 directions
14 of 16 field
15 this 16 field

self - injurious behavior ( sib ) is a distressing type of problem behavior that may be exhibited in individuals with intellectual disabilities ( ids ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 self 4 behavior
1 self 8 is
2 - 4 behavior
3 injurious 4 behavior
4 behavior 6 sib
4 behavior 7 )
5 ( 6 sib
6 sib 7 )
8 is 11 type
9 a 11 type
10 distressing 11 type
11 type 12 of
11 type 15 that
11 type 16 may
11 type 25 ids
12 of 14 behavior
13 problem 14 behavior
15 that 16 may
16 may 17 be
17 be 18 exhibited
18 exhibited 19 in
18 exhibited 21 with
19 in 20 individuals
21 with 23 disabilities
22 intellectual 23 disabilities
24 ( 25 ids
25 ids 26 )

this article provides an overview of sib , its underlying causes and functions , as well as other key variables associated with its manifestation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 provides
3 provides 5 overview
3 provides 17 as
4 an 5 overview
5 overview 6 of
6 of 7 sib
7 sib 12 and
8 , 12 and
9 its 11 causes
10 underlying 11 causes
11 causes 12 and
12 and 13 functions
12 and 14 ,
14 , 17 as
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 20 variables
17 as 25 .
18 other 20 variables
19 key 20 variables
20 variables 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 manifestation
23 its 24 manifestation

adults with ids are routinely living longer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 adults 2 with
1 adults 4 are
2 with 3 ids
4 are 6 living
5 routinely 6 living
6 living 7 longer

given this rapidly emerging and expanding population , special attention is given to sib in aging adults with ids that may result from age - related risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 given 5 and
1 given 8 ,
1 given 10 attention
2 this 4 emerging
2 this 5 and
3 rapidly 4 emerging
5 and 7 population
5 and 8 ,
6 expanding 7 population
9 special 10 attention
10 attention 11 is
11 is 12 given
12 given 13 to
12 given 15 in
12 given 18 with
13 to 14 sib
15 in 16 aging
16 aging 17 adults
18 with 19 ids
18 with 23 from
19 ids 20 that
19 ids 21 may
20 that 21 may
21 may 22 result
23 from 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 28 factors
27 risk 28 factors

risks include increasing and unresolved health issues , physical changes , declining physical abilities , transitions to new residential environments , and the potential for experiencing loss and bereavement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 risks 2 include
2 include 28 and
3 increasing 4 and
4 and 7 issues
4 and 10 changes
4 and 12 declining
4 and 16 transitions
4 and 22 and
5 unresolved 6 health
6 health 7 issues
8 , 10 changes
9 physical 10 changes
10 changes 11 ,
11 , 12 declining
12 declining 14 abilities
12 declining 15 ,
13 physical 14 abilities
15 , 16 transitions
16 transitions 17 to
16 transitions 21 ,
17 to 20 environments
18 new 20 environments
19 residential 20 environments
22 and 24 potential
22 and 25 for
22 and 28 and
23 the 24 potential
25 for 26 experiencing
26 experiencing 27 loss
28 and 29 bereavement

the article concludes with practice implications for social workers who may encounter older individuals with ids and sib . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concludes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 article
2 article 3 concludes
3 concludes 4 with
3 concludes 6 implications
3 concludes 12 encounter
4 with 5 practice
6 implications 7 for
6 implications 12 encounter
7 for 9 workers
8 social 9 workers
9 workers 10 who
9 workers 11 may
10 who 11 may
12 encounter 14 individuals
12 encounter 15 with
13 older 14 individuals
15 with 18 sib
16 ids 17 and
17 and 18 sib

the response of skeletal muscle to unaccustomed eccentric exercise has been studied widely , yet it is incompletely understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 response
2 response 3 of
2 response 10 has
3 of 5 muscle
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 to
6 to 9 exercise
7 unaccustomed 9 exercise
8 eccentric 9 exercise
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 studied
12 studied 13 widely
12 studied 15 yet
14 , 15 yet
15 yet 16 it
16 it 17 is
17 is 18 incompletely
17 is 19 understood

this review is intended to provide an up [-] [to] - date overview of our understanding of how skeletal muscle responds to eccentric actions , with particular emphasis on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of damage and recovery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 intended
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 is
3 is 4 intended
4 intended 5 to
4 intended 6 provide
5 to 6 provide
6 provide 13 overview
7 an 13 overview
8 up 11 -
8 up 12 date
12 date 13 overview
13 overview 14 of
13 overview 17 of
13 overview 26 with
14 of 16 understanding
15 our 16 understanding
17 of 18 how
18 how 20 muscle
18 how 21 responds
19 skeletal 20 muscle
20 muscle 21 responds
21 responds 22 to
22 to 24 actions
23 eccentric 24 actions
25 , 26 with
26 with 28 emphasis
26 with 29 on
26 with 40 .
27 particular 28 emphasis
29 on 35 mechanisms
30 the 35 mechanisms
31 underlying 35 mechanisms
32 molecular 33 and
33 and 34 cellular
33 and 35 mechanisms
35 mechanisms 36 of
36 of 38 and
37 damage 38 and
38 and 39 recovery

this review begins by addressing the question of whether eccentric actions result in physical damage to muscle fibers [and/or] connective tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 begins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 begins
3 begins 4 by
3 begins 16 to
3 begins 17 muscle
4 by 5 addressing
5 addressing 7 question
5 addressing 13 in
6 the 7 question
7 question 8 of
8 of 9 whether
9 whether 11 actions
9 whether 12 result
10 eccentric 11 actions
11 actions 12 result
13 in 15 damage
14 physical 15 damage
16 to 17 muscle
17 muscle 21 tissue
18 fibers 21 tissue
20 connective 21 tissue

we next review the symptomatic manifestations of eccentric exercise ( i.e [.] , indirect damage markers , such as delayed onset muscle soreness ) , with emphasis on their relatively poorly understood molecular underpinnings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 next
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 next
2 next 3 review
3 review 6 manifestations
3 review 26 with
3 review 28 on
4 the 6 manifestations
5 symptomatic 6 manifestations
6 manifestations 7 of
6 manifestations 11 i.e
7 of 9 exercise
8 eccentric 9 exercise
10 ( 11 i.e
11 i.e 16 markers
11 i.e 25 ,
13 , 16 markers
14 indirect 15 damage
15 damage 16 markers
16 markers 19 as
16 markers 24 )
17 , 19 as
18 such 19 as
19 as 23 soreness
19 as 24 )
20 delayed 21 onset
21 onset 23 soreness
22 muscle 23 soreness
26 with 27 emphasis
28 on 34 underpinnings
29 their 34 underpinnings
30 relatively 31 poorly
31 poorly 32 understood
32 understood 34 underpinnings
33 molecular 34 underpinnings

we then highlight factors that potentially modify the muscle damage response following eccentric exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 3 highlight
2 then 3 highlight
3 highlight 4 factors
4 factors 5 that
4 factors 7 modify
5 that 7 modify
6 potentially 7 modify
7 modify 11 response
8 the 11 response
9 muscle 11 response
10 damage 11 response
11 response 12 following
12 following 14 exercise
13 eccentric 14 exercise

finally , we explore the utility of using eccentric training to improve muscle [function] in populations of healthy and aging individuals , as well as those living with neuromuscular disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 improve
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 explore
4 explore 6 utility
4 explore 11 to
5 the 6 utility
6 utility 7 of
7 of 8 using
8 using 10 training
9 eccentric 10 training
11 to 12 improve
12 improve 13 muscle
13 muscle 15 in
13 muscle 17 of
15 in 16 populations
17 of 19 and
18 healthy 19 and
19 and 21 individuals
19 and 25 as
20 aging 21 individuals
22 , 25 as
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 26 those
25 as 31 .
26 those 27 living
27 living 28 with
28 with 30 disorders
29 neuromuscular 30 disorders

speech perception in background noise is a common challenge across individuals and health conditions ( e.g [.] , hearing impairment , aging , etc [.] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 perception
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 speech 2 perception
2 perception 3 in
2 perception 6 is
3 in 5 noise
4 background 5 noise
6 is 9 challenge
7 a 8 common
7 a 9 challenge
8 common 9 challenge
9 challenge 10 across
9 challenge 19 hearing
10 across 12 and
11 individuals 12 and
12 and 14 conditions
12 and 16 e.g
13 health 14 conditions
15 ( 16 e.g
16 e.g 18 ,
18 , 19 hearing
19 hearing 20 impairment
19 hearing 22 aging
19 hearing 24 etc
19 hearing 26 )
21 , 22 aging
22 aging 23 ,
23 , 24 etc
24 etc 26 )

both behavioral and physiological measures have been used to understand the important factors that contribute to perception - in [-] noise abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
1 both 5 measures
2 behavioral 3 and
3 and 4 physiological
3 and 5 measures
5 measures 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 understand
9 to 10 understand
10 understand 13 factors
11 the 13 factors
12 important 13 factors
13 factors 14 that
13 factors 15 contribute
13 factors 19 in
14 that 15 contribute
15 contribute 16 to
16 to 17 perception
18 - 19 in
19 in 22 abilities
19 in 23 .
21 noise 22 abilities

the addition of a physiological measure provides additional information about [signal] - in - noise encoding in the auditory system [and] may be useful in clarifying some of the variability in perception - in [-] noise abilities across individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 addition
2 addition 3 of
2 addition 7 provides
3 of 6 measure
4 a 5 physiological
4 a 6 measure
5 physiological 6 measure
7 provides 9 information
7 provides 34 in
7 provides 38 across
8 additional 9 information
9 information 10 about
9 information 15 noise
10 about 13 in
12 - 13 in
14 - 15 noise
15 noise 16 encoding
15 noise 26 clarifying
15 noise 33 -
16 encoding 17 in
16 encoding 22 may
17 in 20 system
18 the 20 system
19 auditory 20 system
22 may 23 be
23 be 24 useful
24 useful 25 in
25 in 26 clarifying
26 clarifying 27 some
26 clarifying 31 in
27 some 28 of
28 of 30 variability
29 the 30 variability
31 in 32 perception
34 in 37 abilities
36 noise 37 abilities
38 across 39 individuals

three correlation/regression approaches were used to determine how well caeps predicted behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 three 3 approaches
2 correlation/regression 3 approaches
3 approaches 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 determine
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 how
8 how 9 well
9 well 10 caeps
9 well 11 predicted
10 caeps 11 predicted
11 predicted 12 behavior

main effects of snr were found for both electrophysiology and speech perception measures , while signal level effects were found generally only for speech testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
1 main 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 5 were
3 of 4 snr
5 were 6 found
6 found 7 for
6 found 15 while
7 for 10 and
8 both 10 and
9 electrophysiology 10 and
10 and 13 measures
11 speech 13 measures
12 perception 13 measures
14 , 15 while
15 while 18 effects
15 while 20 found
15 while 26 .
16 signal 17 level
17 level 18 effects
18 effects 19 were
19 were 20 found
20 found 21 generally
20 found 22 only
22 only 23 for
23 for 25 testing
24 speech 25 testing

these results demonstrate that when signals are presented in noise , sensitivity to snr cues obscures any encoding of signal level cues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 12 sensitivity
4 that 16 obscures
5 when 6 signals
5 when 8 presented
5 when 11 ,
5 when 12 sensitivity
6 signals 7 are
7 are 8 presented
8 presented 9 in
9 in 10 noise
12 sensitivity 13 to
12 sensitivity 16 obscures
13 to 15 cues
14 snr 15 cues
16 obscures 18 encoding
17 any 18 encoding
18 encoding 19 of
19 of 22 cues
20 signal 22 cues
21 level 22 cues

electrophysiology and behavioral measures were strongly correlated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 electrophysiology 2 and
2 and 4 measures
2 and 5 were
3 behavioral 4 measures
5 were 6 strongly
5 were 7 correlated

the best physiological predictors ( e.g [.] , latency , amplitude , and area of caep waves ) of behavior ( snr at which 50 % of the sentence is understood ) were n1 latency and n1 amplitude measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 best
1 the 4 predictors
3 physiological 4 predictors
4 predictors 13 and
4 predictors 33 were
5 ( 13 and
6 e.g 9 latency
6 e.g 10 ,
6 e.g 11 amplitude
8 , 9 latency
9 latency 10 ,
11 amplitude 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 area
13 and 18 )
13 and 19 of
13 and 22 snr
13 and 32 )
14 area 15 of
15 of 17 waves
16 caep 17 waves
19 of 20 behavior
21 ( 22 snr
22 snr 23 at
22 snr 32 )
23 at 24 which
23 at 26 %
23 at 31 understood
25 50 26 %
26 % 27 of
26 % 30 is
27 of 29 sentence
28 the 29 sentence
30 is 31 understood
31 understood 32 )
33 were 39 measures
34 n1 39 measures
35 latency 36 and
36 and 37 n1
36 and 39 measures
38 amplitude 39 measures

in addition , behavior was best predicted by the 70 [-] [db] signal/5 - db snr caep condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 behavior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 behavior
4 behavior 5 was
5 was 6 best
5 was 7 predicted
7 predicted 8 by
8 by 18 condition
9 the 18 condition
10 70 15 db
13 signal/5 14 -
13 signal/5 15 db
15 db 18 condition
16 snr 17 caep
17 caep 18 condition

it will be important in future studies to determine the relationship of electrophysiology and behavior in populations who experience difficulty understanding speech in noise such as those with hearing impairment or age - related deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 related
1 it 2 will
2 will 3 be
3 be 4 important
4 important 5 in
4 important 8 to
4 important 23 in
4 important 26 as
5 in 7 studies
6 future 7 studies
8 to 9 determine
9 determine 11 relationship
9 determine 16 in
10 the 11 relationship
11 relationship 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 electrophysiology 14 and
14 and 15 behavior
16 in 17 populations
17 populations 18 who
17 populations 19 experience
18 who 19 experience
19 experience 20 difficulty
20 difficulty 21 understanding
21 understanding 22 speech
23 in 24 noise
25 such 26 as
26 as 31 or
27 those 28 with
27 those 31 or
28 with 30 impairment
29 hearing 30 impairment
31 or 32 age
33 - 34 related
34 related 35 deficits
34 related 36 .

physical activity is associated with cardiovascular risk reduction , but the effects of exercise on platelet activation remain controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 physical 2 activity
2 activity 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 reduction
6 cardiovascular 8 reduction
7 risk 8 reduction
9 , 10 but
10 but 12 effects
10 but 18 remain
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
12 effects 18 remain
13 of 14 exercise
14 exercise 15 on
15 on 17 activation
16 platelet 17 activation
18 remain 19 controversial

exercise training had a clear beneficial effect on hdl cholesterol ( +10 [%] , p=0.027 ) and triglyceride ( - 27 % , p=0.008 ) concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 exercise 2 training
2 training 3 had
3 had 17 and
4 a 5 clear
4 a 7 effect
5 clear 7 effect
6 beneficial 7 effect
7 effect 8 on
7 effect 17 and
8 on 10 cholesterol
9 hdl 10 cholesterol
10 cholesterol 12 +10
11 ( 12 +10
12 +10 15 p=0.027
12 +10 16 )
14 , 15 p=0.027
15 p=0.027 16 )
17 and 18 triglyceride
17 and 22 %
19 ( 22 %
20 - 21 27
21 27 22 %
22 % 23 ,
23 , 26 concentration
24 p=0.008 25 )
24 p=0.008 26 concentration

in addition , a significant ( p<0.0001 ) decrease in urinary [11] - dehydro - txb₂ ( 26 % ) , 8 - iso - pgf ( 2α ) ( 21 % ) , plasma p - selectin ( 27 % ) , cd40l ( 35 % ) and a 61 % increase in esrage were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 49 and
4 a 9 decrease
5 significant 7 p<0.0001
5 significant 8 )
5 significant 9 decrease
6 ( 7 p<0.0001
7 p<0.0001 8 )
9 decrease 10 in
9 decrease 43 ,
10 in 14 dehydro
11 urinary 13 -
11 urinary 14 dehydro
14 dehydro 16 txb₂
14 dehydro 22 8
15 - 16 txb₂
16 txb₂ 19 %
16 txb₂ 21 ,
17 ( 19 %
18 26 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 , 22 8
22 8 35 plasma
22 8 42 )
23 - 35 plasma
24 iso 26 pgf
24 iso 34 ,
24 iso 35 plasma
25 - 26 pgf
26 pgf 28 2α
26 pgf 32 %
26 pgf 33 )
27 ( 28 2α
28 2α 29 )
30 ( 32 %
31 21 32 %
32 % 33 )
35 plasma 36 p
35 plasma 38 selectin
35 plasma 42 )
37 - 38 selectin
38 selectin 41 %
38 selectin 42 )
39 ( 41 %
40 27 41 %
41 % 42 )
43 , 44 cd40l
43 , 49 and
44 cd40l 47 %
45 ( 47 %
46 35 47 %
47 % 48 )
49 and 53 increase
49 and 54 in
49 and 56 were
50 a 53 increase
51 61 52 %
52 % 53 increase
54 in 55 esrage
56 were 57 observed

in conclusion , regular high - amount - high - intensity exercise training has broad beneficial effects on platelet activation markers , paralleled and possibly associated with changes in the lipoprotein profile and in markers of lipid peroxidation and age/rage axis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 7 amount
3 , 8 -
4 regular 7 amount
5 high 6 -
5 high 7 amount
8 - 13 training
8 - 14 has
8 - 22 ,
8 - 42 .
9 high 10 -
9 high 13 training
11 intensity 13 training
12 exercise 13 training
13 training 14 has
14 has 17 effects
14 has 18 on
15 broad 17 effects
16 beneficial 17 effects
18 on 21 markers
19 platelet 20 activation
20 activation 21 markers
22 , 24 and
23 paralleled 24 and
24 and 26 associated
25 possibly 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 41 axis
28 changes 33 and
28 changes 39 and
29 in 32 profile
29 in 33 and
30 the 32 profile
31 lipoprotein 32 profile
33 and 34 in
34 in 35 markers
35 markers 36 of
36 of 38 peroxidation
37 lipid 38 peroxidation
39 and 40 age/rage
39 and 41 axis

our findings may help explaining [why] a similar amount of exercise exerts significant benefits in preventing cardiovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 help
4 help 5 explaining
5 explaining 11 exercise
5 explaining 12 exerts
7 a 8 similar
7 a 9 amount
8 similar 9 amount
9 amount 10 of
9 amount 11 exercise
10 of 11 exercise
11 exercise 12 exerts
12 exerts 14 benefits
12 exerts 15 in
13 significant 14 benefits
15 in 16 preventing
16 preventing 18 events
17 cardiovascular 18 events

dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel reduces cardiovascular events following an acute coronary syndrome or stent implantation , but the associated increased risk of gastro - intestinal bleeding often leads to the co - administration of proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 dual 3 therapy
2 antiplatelet 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 with
3 therapy 8 reduces
4 with 6 and
5 aspirin 6 and
6 and 7 clopidogrel
8 reduces 10 events
9 cardiovascular 10 events
10 events 11 following
11 following 16 or
12 an 15 syndrome
13 acute 14 coronary
14 coronary 15 syndrome
15 syndrome 16 or
16 or 18 implantation
16 or 19 ,
17 stent 18 implantation
20 but 24 risk
20 but 31 leads
21 the 24 risk
22 associated 24 risk
23 increased 24 risk
24 risk 25 of
24 risk 31 leads
25 of 29 bleeding
26 gastro 27 -
26 gastro 29 bleeding
28 intestinal 29 bleeding
30 often 31 leads
31 leads 32 to
32 to 36 administration
33 the 36 administration
34 co 35 -
34 co 36 administration
36 administration 37 of
37 of 40 inhibitors
38 proton 39 pump
39 pump 40 inhibitors
40 inhibitors 42 ppis
41 ( 42 ppis
42 ppis 43 )

ppis have been shown to decrease antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel ex vivo , raising concerns about the cardiovascular safety of this drug combination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ppis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
1 ppis 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 4 shown
4 shown 5 to
5 to 6 decrease
6 decrease 8 effects
6 decrease 12 vivo
6 decrease 14 raising
7 antiplatelet 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 10 clopidogrel
11 ex 12 vivo
13 , 14 raising
14 raising 15 concerns
14 raising 16 about
14 raising 24 .
16 about 19 safety
17 the 19 safety
18 cardiovascular 19 safety
19 safety 20 of
20 of 23 combination
21 this 23 combination
22 drug 23 combination

clinical trials investigating ppi - clopidogrel interactions have provided conflicting results and are all subject [to] methodological critiques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ppi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 clinical 4 ppi
2 trials 3 investigating
3 investigating 4 ppi
5 - 7 interactions
5 - 8 have
5 - 12 and
5 - 19 .
6 clopidogrel 7 interactions
7 interactions 8 have
8 have 11 results
9 provided 11 results
10 conflicting 11 results
12 and 13 are
12 and 15 subject
13 are 14 all
13 are 15 subject
15 subject 18 critiques
17 methodological 18 critiques

the [much] desired [and] [much] needed prospective , double - bind , randomized , placebo - controlled trials with adequate [follow] - up and sample size have not yet been performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 double
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 the 9 double
3 desired 9 double
6 needed 9 double
7 prospective 8 ,
7 prospective 9 double
10 - 11 bind
10 - 14 ,
11 bind 13 randomized
12 , 13 randomized
13 randomized 14 ,
14 , 15 placebo
14 , 16 -
16 - 18 trials
16 - 31 performed
16 - 32 .
17 controlled 18 trials
18 trials 19 with
18 trials 27 have
19 with 26 size
20 adequate 22 -
20 adequate 26 size
23 up 24 and
24 and 25 sample
24 and 26 size
27 have 28 not
27 have 30 been
29 yet 30 been
30 been 31 performed

indeed , the clopidogrel and the optimization of gi events trial , which would have had such characteristics , was stopped prematurely . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 stopped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 5 and
3 the 4 clopidogrel
4 clopidogrel 5 and
5 and 7 optimization
5 and 8 of
5 and 21 stopped
6 the 7 optimization
8 of 9 gi
9 gi 11 trial
9 gi 20 was
10 events 11 trial
11 trial 13 which
11 trial 20 was
12 , 13 which
13 which 14 would
13 which 19 ,
14 would 15 have
15 have 16 had
16 had 18 characteristics
17 such 18 characteristics
21 stopped 22 prematurely

as a consequence , the question of the ppi - clopidogrel interaction is still unresolved , and clinical consequences cannot be excluded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 as 3 consequence
1 as 12 interaction
2 a 3 consequence
3 consequence 6 question
4 , 6 question
5 the 6 question
6 question 7 of
6 question 10 -
7 of 9 ppi
8 the 9 ppi
11 clopidogrel 12 interaction
12 interaction 13 is
13 is 14 still
13 is 15 unresolved
14 still 15 unresolved
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 consequences
17 and 22 excluded
18 clinical 19 consequences
19 consequences 20 cannot
20 cannot 21 be
21 be 22 excluded

at this time such combination therapy should , therefore , be provisionally advocated only for patients at high risk of bleeding ( prior upper gastro - intestinal bleeding , advanced age , concomitant use of warfarin , steroidal or [non] [-] steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs and helicobacter pylori infection ) [and] avoiding ppis with strong affinity for cytochrome cyp2c19 , such as omeprazole and esomeprazole . 
1 at 2 this
1 at 3 time
3 time 6 therapy
3 time 7 should
3 time 11 be
4 such 6 therapy
5 combination 6 therapy
6 therapy 7 should
8 , 9 therefore
9 therefore 10 ,
9 therefore 11 be
11 be 13 advocated
12 provisionally 13 advocated
13 advocated 14 only
14 only 15 for
15 for 16 patients
16 patients 17 at
16 patients 20 of
16 patients 26 -
17 at 19 risk
18 high 19 risk
20 of 21 bleeding
22 ( 26 -
23 prior 25 gastro
24 upper 25 gastro
25 gastro 26 -
26 - 34 use
27 intestinal 32 ,
27 intestinal 34 use
28 bleeding 31 age
29 , 31 age
30 advanced 31 age
31 age 32 ,
33 concomitant 34 use
34 use 35 of
35 of 47 and
36 warfarin 37 ,
37 , 38 steroidal
37 , 39 or
39 or 46 drugs
39 or 47 and
42 steroidal 46 drugs
43 anti 44 -
43 anti 46 drugs
45 inflammatory 46 drugs
47 and 50 infection
47 and 51 )
47 and 53 avoiding
47 and 55 with
48 helicobacter 49 pylori
49 pylori 50 infection
53 avoiding 54 ppis
55 with 57 affinity
56 strong 57 affinity
57 affinity 58 for
57 affinity 63 as
58 for 60 cyp2c19
59 cytochrome 60 cyp2c19
61 , 63 as
62 such 63 as
63 as 65 and
63 as 67 .
64 omeprazole 65 and
65 and 66 esomeprazole

background : studies of hypertension [and] cognition variously report adverse , null , and protective associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 studies
2 : 9 report
2 : 17 .
3 studies 4 of
3 studies 9 report
4 of 7 cognition
5 hypertension 7 cognition
8 variously 9 report
9 report 16 associations
10 adverse 11 ,
11 , 12 null
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 protective
14 and 16 associations

we evaluated evidence supporting three potential explanations for this variation : an effect of hypertension duration , an effect of age at hypertension initiation , and selection bias due to dependent censoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 3 evidence
2 evaluated 8 for
3 evidence 4 supporting
4 supporting 7 explanations
5 three 7 explanations
6 potential 7 explanations
8 for 10 variation
9 this 10 variation
11 : 26 and
12 an 13 effect
13 effect 14 of
13 effect 26 and
14 of 16 duration
15 hypertension 16 duration
16 duration 19 effect
17 , 19 effect
18 an 19 effect
19 effect 20 of
19 effect 22 at
19 effect 25 ,
20 of 21 age
22 at 24 initiation
23 hypertension 24 initiation
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 bias
26 and 30 to
27 selection 28 bias
29 due 30 to
30 to 32 censoring
31 dependent 32 censoring

methods : the normative aging study is a prospective cohort study of men in the greater boston area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 study
2 : 7 is
2 : 19 .
3 the 6 study
4 normative 5 aging
5 aging 6 study
6 study 7 is
7 is 11 study
8 a 9 prospective
8 a 11 study
9 prospective 10 cohort
10 cohort 11 study
11 study 12 of
12 of 13 men
13 men 14 in
14 in 18 area
15 the 18 area
16 greater 18 area
17 boston 18 area

participants completed study visits , including hypertension assessment , every 3 - 5 years starting in 1961 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 visits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 participants 2 completed
2 completed 3 study
3 study 4 visits
4 visits 6 including
4 visits 10 every
4 visits 15 starting
5 , 6 including
6 including 8 assessment
6 including 9 ,
7 hypertension 8 assessment
10 every 14 years
11 3 12 -
12 - 13 5
12 - 14 years
15 starting 16 in
16 in 17 1961

[seven] [hundred] fifty - eight of 1,284 men eligible at baseline completed cognitive assessment between 1992 and 2005 ; we used the mean age [-] adjusted cognitive test z score from their first assessment to quantify cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
3 fifty 4 -
4 - 5 eight
4 - 6 of
4 - 9 eligible
4 - 12 completed
6 of 8 men
7 1,284 8 men
9 eligible 10 at
10 at 11 baseline
12 completed 14 assessment
13 cognitive 14 assessment
14 assessment 17 and
15 between 17 and
16 1992 17 and
17 and 18 2005
19 ; 20 we
19 ; 21 used
20 we 21 used
21 used 30 score
21 used 31 from
21 used 35 to
21 used 36 quantify
22 the 30 score
23 mean 24 age
24 age 26 adjusted
26 adjusted 28 test
27 cognitive 28 test
28 test 29 z
28 test 30 score
31 from 34 assessment
32 their 34 assessment
33 first 34 assessment
35 to 36 quantify
36 quantify 37 cognition

we estimated how [becoming] hypertensive and increasing age [at] onset and duration since hypertension initiation affect cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 estimated
2 estimated 3 how
3 how 11 and
3 how 16 affect
5 hypertensive 6 and
6 and 10 onset
6 and 11 and
7 increasing 8 age
8 age 10 onset
11 and 12 duration
11 and 13 since
11 and 16 affect
13 since 15 initiation
14 hypertension 15 initiation
16 affect 17 cognition

we used inverse probability of censoring weights to reduce and quantify selection bias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 10 and
2 used 4 probability
2 used 10 and
3 inverse 4 probability
4 probability 5 of
5 of 6 censoring
6 censoring 7 weights
7 weights 8 to
7 weights 9 reduce
8 to 9 reduce
10 and 11 quantify
11 quantify 13 bias
12 selection 13 bias

results : a history of hypertension diagnosis predicted lower cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 history
3 a 4 history
4 history 5 of
5 of 10 cognition
6 hypertension 8 predicted
7 diagnosis 8 predicted
8 predicted 10 cognition
9 lower 10 cognition

increasing duration since hypertension initiation predicted lower mean cognitive z [score] [(] - 0.02 standard units per year increase [ 95 % confidence interval= - 0.04 to - 0.001 ] ) , independent [of] age [at] onset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 increasing 2 duration
1 increasing 3 since
1 increasing 6 predicted
3 since 5 initiation
4 hypertension 5 initiation
6 predicted 16 units
7 lower 16 units
8 mean 16 units
9 cognitive 16 units
10 z 13 -
13 - 14 0.02
13 - 16 units
15 standard 16 units
16 units 17 per
16 units 24 interval=
17 per 19 increase
18 year 19 increase
20 [ 24 interval=
21 95 22 %
22 % 24 interval=
23 confidence 24 interval=
24 interval= 27 to
24 interval= 31 )
25 - 27 to
26 0.04 27 to
27 to 29 0.001
27 to 30 ]
28 - 29 0.001
32 , 37 onset
33 independent 37 onset
35 age 37 onset

comparing participants [with] and [without] hypertension , we observed noteworthy differences in mean [cognitive] [score] only for those with a long duration since hypertension initiation , regardless of age [at] [onset] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mean
1 comparing 2 participants
2 participants 4 and
4 and 6 hypertension
4 and 7 ,
4 and 8 we
4 and 12 in
4 and 13 mean
8 we 9 observed
9 observed 11 differences
9 observed 12 in
10 noteworthy 11 differences
13 mean 16 only
13 mean 17 for
13 mean 19 with
13 mean 23 since
13 mean 25 initiation
13 mean 28 of
17 for 18 those
19 with 22 duration
20 a 21 long
20 a 22 duration
21 long 22 duration
24 hypertension 25 initiation
26 , 28 of
27 regardless 28 of
28 of 29 age
28 of 32 .

age [at] [onset] was not associated with cognition [independent] of duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 age 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 7 with
5 not 6 associated
7 with 8 cognition
8 cognition 10 of
10 of 11 duration

analyses designed to quantify selection bias suggested upward bias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 analyses 2 designed
1 analyses 7 suggested
2 designed 3 to
2 designed 4 quantify
3 to 4 quantify
4 quantify 6 bias
5 selection 6 bias
7 suggested 9 bias
8 upward 9 bias

conclusions : previous findings of null or protective associations between hypertension [and] cognition likely reflect the study of persons with short duration since hypertension initiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 15 reflect
3 previous 4 findings
4 findings 5 of
4 findings 15 reflect
5 of 9 associations
6 null 7 or
7 or 8 protective
7 or 9 associations
9 associations 10 between
10 between 13 cognition
11 hypertension 13 cognition
14 likely 15 reflect
15 reflect 17 study
15 reflect 20 with
16 the 17 study
17 study 18 of
18 of 19 persons
20 with 22 duration
21 short 22 duration
22 duration 23 since
23 since 25 initiation
24 hypertension 25 initiation

selection bias may also contribute to cross - study heterogeneity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bias
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 selection 2 bias
2 bias 3 may
3 may 5 contribute
4 also 5 contribute
5 contribute 6 to
6 to 7 cross
8 - 9 study
8 - 11 .
9 study 10 heterogeneity

rationale : there is a substantial body of literature documenting the deleterious effects of both alcohol consumption and age on driving performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rationale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 body
5 a 6 substantial
5 a 7 body
6 substantial 7 body
7 body 8 of
7 body 10 documenting
8 of 9 literature
10 documenting 13 effects
10 documenting 20 on
11 the 13 effects
12 deleterious 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
14 of 18 and
15 both 18 and
16 alcohol 17 consumption
17 consumption 18 and
18 and 19 age
20 on 21 driving
21 driving 22 performance

there is , however , limited work examining the interaction of age and acute alcohol consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 however
2 is 7 work
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
6 limited 7 work
7 work 8 examining
7 work 11 of
8 examining 10 interaction
9 the 10 interaction
11 of 13 and
12 age 13 and
13 and 16 consumption
14 acute 15 alcohol
15 alcohol 16 consumption

objectives : the current study was conducted to determine if moderate alcohol doses differentially affect the driving performance of older and younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 9 determine
2 : 24 .
3 the 5 study
4 current 5 study
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 to
8 to 9 determine
9 determine 10 if
10 if 13 doses
10 if 15 affect
11 moderate 12 alcohol
12 alcohol 13 doses
13 doses 15 affect
14 differentially 15 affect
15 affect 18 performance
16 the 18 performance
17 driving 18 performance
18 performance 19 of
19 of 23 adults
20 older 21 and
21 and 22 younger
21 and 23 adults

measures of driving precision and average speed were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 measures 2 of
1 measures 5 and
2 of 3 driving
3 driving 4 precision
5 and 7 speed
5 and 8 were
6 average 7 speed
8 were 9 recorded

results : older adults performed more poorly on precision driving measures and drove more slowly than younger adults at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 performed
4 adults 8 on
4 adults 10 driving
5 performed 7 poorly
6 more 7 poorly
8 on 9 precision
10 driving 12 and
10 driving 15 slowly
10 driving 16 than
11 measures 12 and
12 and 13 drove
14 more 15 slowly
16 than 18 adults
17 younger 18 adults
18 adults 19 at
19 at 20 baseline

after controlling for baseline performance , interactions between alcohol and age were observed following beverage consumption on two measures of driving precision with older adults exhibiting greater impairment as a result of alcohol consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 after 2 controlling
1 after 6 ,
1 after 10 and
2 controlling 3 for
2 controlling 5 performance
3 for 4 baseline
7 interactions 8 between
7 interactions 10 and
8 between 9 alcohol
10 and 11 age
10 and 12 were
12 were 16 consumption
13 observed 14 following
14 following 16 consumption
15 beverage 16 consumption
16 consumption 17 on
16 consumption 20 of
17 on 19 measures
18 two 19 measures
20 of 21 driving
21 driving 22 precision
22 precision 23 with
22 precision 26 exhibiting
23 with 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
26 exhibiting 28 impairment
26 exhibiting 29 as
27 greater 28 impairment
29 as 31 result
30 a 31 result
31 result 32 of
32 of 34 consumption
33 alcohol 34 consumption

conclusions : these data provide evidence that older adults may be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol on certain measures of driving performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 provide
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 provide
5 provide 6 evidence
5 provide 19 on
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 9 adults
7 that 11 be
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 13 susceptible
12 more 13 susceptible
13 susceptible 14 to
14 to 16 effects
15 the 16 effects
16 effects 17 of
17 of 18 alcohol
19 on 21 measures
20 certain 21 measures
21 measures 22 of
22 of 23 driving
23 driving 24 performance

an investigation of mechanisms accounting for alcohol 's effects on driving in older and younger adults is required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 an 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 of
2 investigation 5 accounting
2 investigation 17 is
3 of 4 mechanisms
5 accounting 6 for
5 accounting 10 on
6 for 9 effects
7 alcohol 8 's
8 's 9 effects
10 on 11 driving
11 driving 12 in
12 in 16 adults
13 older 14 and
14 and 15 younger
14 and 16 adults
17 is 18 required

further evaluation using more complex driving environments is needed to assess the real - world implication of this interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 further 2 evaluation
2 evaluation 3 using
3 using 4 more
3 using 5 complex
3 using 8 is
4 more 5 complex
5 complex 7 environments
6 driving 7 environments
8 is 9 needed
9 needed 10 to
10 to 11 assess
11 assess 16 implication
12 the 16 implication
13 real 14 -
13 real 15 world
15 world 16 implication
16 implication 17 of
17 of 19 interaction
18 this 19 interaction

summary : this study used the " functional [muscle] - bone unit " concept to investigate muscle - bone interaction of the lumbar spine in subjects of varying bone mineral density . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 used
2 : 18 -
2 : 32 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 used
5 used 14 concept
5 used 15 to
5 used 16 investigate
6 the 7 "
6 the 14 concept
8 functional 10 -
8 functional 11 bone
11 bone 14 concept
12 unit 13 "
12 unit 14 concept
15 to 16 investigate
16 investigate 17 muscle
18 - 19 bone
19 bone 20 interaction
19 bone 25 in
20 interaction 21 of
21 of 24 spine
22 the 24 spine
23 lumbar 24 spine
25 in 26 subjects
26 subjects 27 of
27 of 28 varying
28 varying 31 density
29 bone 30 mineral
30 mineral 31 density

it [was] found that unit bone mass corresponded to a relatively more [muscle] mass in subjects with reduced bone mineral density , indicating a relatively higher mechanical load [from] muscles exerted [on] trabecular bone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
1 it 3 found
3 found 7 mass
3 found 8 corresponded
4 that 7 mass
5 unit 7 mass
6 bone 7 mass
7 mass 8 corresponded
8 corresponded 9 to
9 to 21 density
10 a 11 relatively
10 a 21 density
11 relatively 12 more
12 more 14 mass
14 mass 15 in
14 mass 17 with
15 in 16 subjects
17 with 21 density
18 reduced 19 bone
19 bone 20 mineral
20 mineral 21 density
21 density 23 indicating
22 , 23 indicating
23 indicating 34 bone
23 indicating 35 .
24 a 25 relatively
24 a 34 bone
25 relatively 26 higher
26 higher 30 muscles
27 mechanical 28 load
28 load 30 muscles
30 muscles 31 exerted
31 exerted 34 bone
33 trabecular 34 bone

introduction : bone is an architecturally adaptive tissue which responds to mechanical loading . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 bone
2 : 4 is
2 : 14 .
3 bone 4 is
4 is 8 tissue
5 an 6 architecturally
5 an 8 tissue
6 architecturally 7 adaptive
7 adaptive 8 tissue
8 tissue 9 which
8 tissue 10 responds
9 which 10 responds
10 responds 11 to
11 to 13 loading
12 mechanical 13 loading

this study [is] proposed to use " functional muscle - bone unit " to reflect this muscle - bone interaction at spine [in] subjects with different bone mineral density . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 this 2 study
2 study 4 proposed
4 proposed 5 to
4 proposed 7 "
4 proposed 9 muscle
4 proposed 10 -
4 proposed 13 "
5 to 6 use
8 functional 9 muscle
10 - 12 unit
11 bone 12 unit
13 " 14 to
13 " 15 reflect
14 to 15 reflect
15 reflect 17 muscle
16 this 17 muscle
18 - 19 bone
18 - 30 .
19 bone 20 interaction
19 bone 21 at
19 bone 25 with
21 at 24 subjects
22 spine 24 subjects
25 with 29 density
26 different 27 bone
27 bone 29 density
28 mineral 29 density

methods : the study was carried out in young normal subjects ( 21 females ; age , 29 ± 3 [ )(and elderly subjects ( 155 females ; age , 73 ± 3.9 [ )(with varying bone mineral density . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 carried
2 : 15 ;
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 carried
6 carried 7 out
6 carried 8 in
8 in 11 subjects
9 young 11 subjects
10 normal 11 subjects
11 subjects 14 females
12 ( 14 females
13 21 14 females
14 females 15 ;
15 ; 22 )(and
15 ; 28 ;
16 age 17 ,
17 , 19 ±
17 , 22 )(and
18 29 19 ±
19 ± 20 3
22 )(and 24 subjects
22 )(and 27 females
23 elderly 24 subjects
25 ( 27 females
26 155 27 females
27 females 28 ;
28 ; 29 age
28 ; 30 ,
30 , 31 73
30 , 32 ±
31 73 32 ±
32 ± 33 3.9
33 3.9 35 )(with
35 )(with 36 varying
36 varying 39 density
37 bone 39 density
38 mineral 39 density

cross - sectional area of paravertebral muscle groups was measured in mr images to indicate the muscle mass , while the bone mineral content by dual [x] - ray absorptiometry was used to represent the bone mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 cross 2 -
1 cross 4 area
3 sectional 4 area
4 area 5 of
4 area 9 was
5 of 8 groups
6 paravertebral 7 muscle
7 muscle 8 groups
9 was 10 measured
10 measured 11 in
10 measured 14 to
10 measured 15 indicate
11 in 13 images
12 mr 13 images
14 to 15 indicate
15 indicate 18 mass
16 the 18 mass
17 muscle 18 mass
19 , 37 mass
20 while 24 content
20 while 32 used
20 while 37 mass
21 the 24 content
22 bone 23 mineral
23 mineral 24 content
24 content 25 by
24 content 31 was
25 by 30 absorptiometry
26 dual 28 -
26 dual 30 absorptiometry
29 ray 30 absorptiometry
31 was 32 used
32 used 33 to
32 used 34 represent
33 to 34 represent
34 represent 36 bone
35 the 36 bone

the functional muscle [-] bone unit was calculated as the ratio between the bone mass [to] muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 unit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 6 unit
2 functional 3 muscle
3 muscle 6 unit
5 bone 6 unit
6 unit 7 was
7 was 8 calculated
8 calculated 9 as
8 calculated 12 between
9 as 11 ratio
10 the 11 ratio
12 between 18 mass
13 the 18 mass
14 bone 18 mass
15 mass 17 muscle
17 muscle 18 mass

results : it showed that with aging , the muscle mass decreased with the bone mass losing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 showed
3 it 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 11 mass
5 that 12 decreased
6 with 7 aging
6 with 8 ,
6 with 11 mass
9 the 11 mass
10 muscle 11 mass
11 mass 12 decreased
12 decreased 13 with
13 with 15 bone
13 with 17 losing
14 the 15 bone
16 mass 17 losing

however , more pronounced reduction was found in [bone] [mass] than [in] muscle mass in the subjects with lower bone mineral density . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 reduction
3 more 4 pronounced
4 pronounced 5 reduction
5 reduction 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 in
7 found 11 than
7 found 15 in
7 found 18 with
11 than 14 mass
13 muscle 14 mass
15 in 17 subjects
16 the 17 subjects
18 with 22 density
19 lower 20 bone
20 bone 22 density
21 mineral 22 density

conclusions : muscle - bone interaction [was] changed in elderly , especially in those with osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 muscle
4 - 6 interaction
4 - 8 changed
5 bone 6 interaction
6 interaction 8 changed
8 changed 9 in
8 changed 10 elderly
10 elderly 13 in
11 , 12 especially
11 , 13 in
13 in 14 those
13 in 17 .
14 those 15 with
15 with 16 osteoporosis

unit [bone] [mass] corresponded to a higher muscle mass in subjects with reduced bone mineral density than those normal subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 corresponded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 unit 4 corresponded
4 corresponded 5 to
4 corresponded 10 in
4 corresponded 12 with
4 corresponded 17 than
5 to 9 mass
6 a 9 mass
7 higher 8 muscle
8 muscle 9 mass
10 in 11 subjects
12 with 16 density
13 reduced 14 bone
14 bone 16 density
15 mineral 16 density
17 than 20 subjects
18 those 20 subjects
19 normal 20 subjects

this may be contributory to the occurrence of nontraumatic vertebral fractures in elderly subjects with reduced bone mineral density . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 4 contributory
4 contributory 5 to
4 contributory 12 in
4 contributory 15 with
5 to 7 occurrence
6 the 7 occurrence
7 occurrence 8 of
8 of 11 fractures
9 nontraumatic 11 fractures
10 vertebral 11 fractures
12 in 14 subjects
13 elderly 14 subjects
15 with 19 density
16 reduced 17 bone
17 bone 19 density
18 mineral 19 density

adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells ( opcs ) are located adjacent to demyelinated [lesion] and contribute to myelin repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 adult 4 cells
2 oligodendrocyte 4 cells
3 precursor 4 cells
4 cells 6 opcs
4 cells 8 are
5 ( 6 opcs
6 opcs 7 )
8 are 9 located
9 located 10 adjacent
10 adjacent 11 to
10 adjacent 15 contribute
11 to 14 and
12 demyelinated 14 and
14 and 15 contribute
15 contribute 16 to
16 to 18 repair
17 myelin 18 repair

the crucial step in remyelination is the migration of opcs to the demyelinated area ; however , the mechanism of opc migration remains to be fully elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 step
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 step
2 crucial 3 step
3 step 4 in
3 step 6 is
4 in 5 remyelination
6 is 8 migration
7 the 8 migration
8 migration 9 of
9 of 10 opcs
10 opcs 11 to
11 to 14 area
12 the 14 area
13 demyelinated 14 area
15 ; 19 mechanism
15 ; 23 remains
16 however 17 ,
16 however 19 mechanism
18 the 19 mechanism
19 mechanism 20 of
19 mechanism 23 remains
20 of 22 migration
21 opc 22 migration
23 remains 24 to
24 to 25 be
25 be 27 elucidated
26 fully 27 elucidated

here we show that prostacyclin ( prostaglandin i2 , pgi2 ) promotes opc migration , thereby promoting remyelination and functional recovery in mice after demyelination induced by injecting lysophosphatidylcholine ( lpc ) into the spinal cord . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 prostacyclin
4 that 12 promotes
5 prostacyclin 8 i2
5 prostacyclin 12 promotes
6 ( 8 i2
7 prostaglandin 8 i2
8 i2 10 pgi2
8 i2 11 )
9 , 10 pgi2
10 pgi2 11 )
12 promotes 14 migration
12 promotes 17 promoting
12 promotes 33 into
13 opc 14 migration
15 , 17 promoting
16 thereby 17 promoting
17 promoting 19 and
17 promoting 24 after
17 promoting 27 by
17 promoting 32 )
18 remyelination 19 and
19 and 21 recovery
19 and 22 in
20 functional 21 recovery
22 in 23 mice
24 after 25 demyelination
25 demyelination 26 induced
27 by 28 injecting
28 injecting 29 lysophosphatidylcholine
29 lysophosphatidylcholine 31 lpc
30 ( 31 lpc
31 lpc 32 )
33 into 36 cord
34 the 36 cord
35 spinal 36 cord

prostacyclin analogs enhanced opc migration via a protein kinase a ( pka ) - dependent mechanism , and prostacyclin synthase expression was increased in the spinal cord after lpc injection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analogs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 enhanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 prostacyclin 2 analogs
2 analogs 3 enhanced
3 enhanced 5 migration
3 enhanced 6 via
4 opc 5 migration
6 via 9 kinase
7 a 8 protein
7 a 9 kinase
8 protein 9 kinase
9 kinase 10 a
9 kinase 12 pka
11 ( 12 pka
12 pka 13 )
14 - 16 mechanism
14 - 18 and
15 dependent 16 mechanism
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 expression
18 and 23 increased
19 prostacyclin 21 expression
20 synthase 21 expression
21 expression 22 was
22 was 23 increased
23 increased 24 in
23 increased 28 after
24 in 27 cord
25 the 27 cord
26 spinal 27 cord
28 after 30 injection
29 lpc 30 injection

notably , pharmacological inhibition of prostacyclin [receptor] ( ip [receptor] ) impaired remyelination and motor recovery , whereas the administration of a prostacyclin analog promoted remyelination and motor recovery after lpc injection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 promoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 4 inhibition
3 pharmacological 4 inhibition
4 inhibition 5 of
4 inhibition 12 impaired
5 of 6 prostacyclin
6 prostacyclin 9 ip
8 ( 9 ip
9 ip 11 )
12 impaired 14 and
12 impaired 18 whereas
13 remyelination 14 and
14 and 16 recovery
15 motor 16 recovery
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 20 administration
19 the 20 administration
20 administration 21 of
20 administration 25 promoted
21 of 24 analog
22 a 24 analog
23 prostacyclin 24 analog
25 promoted 27 and
25 promoted 30 after
26 remyelination 27 and
27 and 29 recovery
28 motor 29 recovery
30 after 32 injection
31 lpc 32 injection

our results suggest that prostacyclin could be a key molecule for facilitating the migration of opcs that are essential for repairing demyelinated areas , and it may be useful in treating disorders characterized by demyelination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 prostacyclin
4 that 28 be
5 prostacyclin 6 could
6 could 7 be
7 be 10 molecule
8 a 10 molecule
9 key 10 molecule
10 molecule 11 for
11 for 12 facilitating
12 facilitating 14 migration
12 facilitating 20 for
13 the 14 migration
14 migration 15 of
15 of 16 opcs
16 opcs 17 that
16 opcs 18 are
17 that 18 are
18 are 19 essential
20 for 21 repairing
21 repairing 28 be
22 demyelinated 23 areas
23 areas 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 it
25 and 27 may
27 may 28 be
28 be 29 useful
29 useful 30 in
30 in 31 treating
31 treating 32 disorders
31 treating 34 by
32 disorders 33 characterized
34 by 35 demyelination

none purpose of the study : this study examined whether participating in productive activities was associated with better health outcomes among older adults in urban china , including analysis of potential gender differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 better
1 none 5 study
1 none 17 with
1 none 18 better
2 purpose 3 of
3 of 4 the
4 the 5 study
5 study 6 :
6 : 8 study
6 : 10 whether
6 : 17 with
7 this 8 study
8 study 9 examined
10 whether 11 participating
10 whether 15 was
11 participating 12 in
11 participating 15 was
12 in 14 activities
13 productive 14 activities
15 was 16 associated
18 better 20 outcomes
18 better 21 among
18 better 24 in
18 better 28 including
19 health 20 outcomes
21 among 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
24 in 26 china
25 urban 26 china
27 , 28 including
28 including 29 analysis
28 including 34 .
29 analysis 30 of
30 of 33 differences
31 potential 32 gender
32 gender 33 differences

design and methods : using a sample of 10,016 urban chinese adults aged 60 years or older from the 2006 sample survey of the aged population in urban/rural china [,] we regressed measures of self - rated health , functional health , and depression on productive activities ( paid employment , helping with family , and volunteering ) , controlling for sociodemographic variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 using
4 : 13 aged
5 using 7 sample
5 using 13 aged
6 a 7 sample
7 sample 8 of
8 of 12 adults
9 10,016 12 adults
10 urban 11 chinese
11 chinese 12 adults
13 aged 16 or
13 aged 52 helping
13 aged 60 controlling
13 aged 61 for
14 60 15 years
15 years 16 or
16 or 17 older
17 older 18 from
18 from 22 survey
19 the 22 survey
20 2006 21 sample
21 sample 22 survey
22 survey 23 of
22 survey 38 health
23 of 35 self
24 the 35 self
25 aged 26 population
26 population 27 in
26 population 35 self
27 in 29 china
28 urban/rural 29 china
29 china 31 we
29 china 34 of
31 we 32 regressed
32 regressed 33 measures
33 measures 34 of
36 - 38 health
37 rated 38 health
38 health 43 and
38 health 51 ,
39 , 43 and
40 functional 41 health
41 health 43 and
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 depression
43 and 45 on
43 and 51 ,
45 on 47 activities
46 productive 47 activities
47 activities 49 paid
48 ( 49 paid
49 paid 50 employment
49 paid 51 ,
51 , 52 helping
52 helping 53 with
52 helping 59 ,
53 with 56 and
54 family 56 and
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 volunteering
56 and 58 )
61 for 63 variables
62 sociodemographic 63 variables

results : those who provided assistance to family members or volunteered had significantly lower levels of depression and better functional and self - rated health than their counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 those
2 : 12 had
3 those 4 who
3 those 10 or
3 those 12 had
4 who 10 or
5 provided 6 assistance
5 provided 10 or
6 assistance 7 to
7 to 9 members
8 family 9 members
10 or 11 volunteered
12 had 15 levels
12 had 26 than
13 significantly 14 lower
14 lower 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 depression 18 and
18 and 25 health
19 better 25 health
20 functional 21 and
21 and 22 self
21 and 23 -
21 and 24 rated
24 rated 25 health
26 than 28 counterparts
27 their 28 counterparts

older adults with paid job [,] providing family assistance , or volunteering reported significantly lower levels of depression and better functional and self - rated health than those without those activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 with
2 adults 11 or
3 with 9 assistance
4 paid 5 job
5 job 9 assistance
7 providing 8 family
8 family 9 assistance
10 , 11 or
11 or 12 volunteering
11 or 13 reported
11 or 19 and
13 reported 14 significantly
15 lower 16 levels
15 lower 19 and
16 levels 17 of
17 of 18 depression
19 and 20 better
20 better 26 health
20 better 27 than
20 better 29 without
21 functional 22 and
22 and 23 self
22 and 24 -
22 and 25 rated
22 and 26 health
27 than 28 those
29 without 31 activities
30 those 31 activities

however , only older men with paid employment reported significantly less depression , and the effect of family assistance on functional health also differed by gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 only
3 only 5 men
4 older 5 men
5 men 6 with
5 men 9 reported
6 with 8 employment
7 paid 8 employment
9 reported 14 and
9 reported 24 differed
10 significantly 14 and
11 less 12 depression
12 depression 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 effect
14 and 17 of
14 and 24 differed
15 the 16 effect
17 of 19 assistance
18 family 19 assistance
19 assistance 20 on
20 on 22 health
21 functional 22 health
23 also 24 differed
24 differed 25 by
25 by 26 gender

implications : as research increasingly demonstrates the role of productive activities in maintaining health among older adults , our findings can help practitioners or policy makers strategically select or develop health programs to promote productive activities among older adults in urban china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 20 findings
2 : 34 promote
2 : 43 .
3 as 4 research
3 as 6 demonstrates
3 as 18 ,
3 as 20 findings
4 research 6 demonstrates
5 increasingly 6 demonstrates
6 demonstrates 8 role
6 demonstrates 12 in
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 11 activities
10 productive 11 activities
12 in 13 maintaining
13 maintaining 14 health
14 health 15 among
15 among 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
19 our 20 findings
20 findings 29 or
21 can 22 help
21 can 29 or
22 help 24 or
23 practitioners 24 or
24 or 25 policy
24 or 26 makers
24 or 28 select
26 makers 28 select
27 strategically 28 select
29 or 30 develop
29 or 33 to
30 develop 32 programs
31 health 32 programs
33 to 34 promote
34 promote 36 activities
34 promote 37 among
34 promote 40 in
35 productive 36 activities
37 among 39 adults
38 older 39 adults
40 in 42 china
41 urban 42 china

background : the mean heart rate ( mhr ) tends to decrease with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 mhr
2 : 10 tends
2 : 15 .
3 the 8 mhr
4 mean 5 heart
5 heart 6 rate
6 rate 8 mhr
7 ( 8 mhr
8 mhr 9 )
8 mhr 10 tends
10 tends 11 to
10 tends 12 decrease
11 to 12 decrease
12 decrease 13 with
13 with 14 age

when adjusted for gender and diseases , the magnitude of this effect is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 magnitude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 when 2 adjusted
1 when 7 ,
1 when 9 magnitude
2 adjusted 3 for
3 for 5 and
4 gender 5 and
5 and 6 diseases
8 the 9 magnitude
9 magnitude 10 of
9 magnitude 13 is
10 of 12 effect
11 this 12 effect
13 is 14 unclear

objectives : to analyze the mhr in a stratified sample of active and functionally independent individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 analyze
2 : 17 .
3 to 4 analyze
4 analyze 6 mhr
4 analyze 7 in
5 the 6 mhr
7 in 10 sample
8 a 10 sample
9 stratified 10 sample
10 sample 11 of
11 of 16 individuals
12 active 13 and
13 and 15 independent
13 and 16 individuals
14 functionally 15 independent

methods : a total of 1,172 patients aged > 40 years underwent holter monitoring and were stratified by age group : 1 = 40 - 49 , 2 = 50 - 59 , 3 = 60 - 69 , 4 = 70 - 79 , 5 = > 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
2 : 4 total
2 : 9 >
2 : 21 :
2 : 25 -
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 >
5 of 7 patients
6 1,172 7 patients
7 patients 8 aged
9 > 10 40
10 40 11 years
10 40 20 group
11 years 15 and
11 years 20 group
12 underwent 14 monitoring
12 underwent 15 and
13 holter 14 monitoring
15 and 16 were
16 were 17 stratified
17 stratified 18 by
18 by 19 age
21 : 22 1
21 : 23 =
22 1 23 =
23 = 24 40
25 - 26 49
25 - 48 >
26 49 29 =
26 49 35 =
26 49 41 =
26 49 47 =
27 , 29 =
28 2 29 =
29 = 30 50
29 = 31 -
32 59 35 =
33 , 35 =
34 3 35 =
35 = 37 -
35 = 39 ,
36 60 37 -
37 - 38 69
40 4 41 =
41 = 43 -
41 = 45 ,
42 70 43 -
43 - 44 79
46 5 47 =
47 = 48 >
48 > 50 years
49 80 50 years

the mhr was evaluated according to age and gender , adjusted for hypertension ( sah ) , dyslipidemia [and] [non] - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ( niddm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mhr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 mhr
2 mhr 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 6 to
5 according 6 to
6 to 8 and
7 age 8 and
8 and 9 gender
8 and 11 adjusted
10 , 11 adjusted
11 adjusted 12 for
11 adjusted 17 ,
12 for 15 sah
13 hypertension 15 sah
14 ( 15 sah
15 sah 16 )
17 , 18 dyslipidemia
17 , 21 -
21 - 25 mellitus
22 insulin 25 mellitus
23 dependent 24 diabetes
24 diabetes 25 mellitus
25 mellitus 27 niddm
26 ( 27 niddm
27 niddm 28 )

several models of anova , correlation and linear regression were employed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 several 2 models
2 models 3 of
2 models 5 ,
3 of 4 anova
5 , 6 correlation
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 regression
7 and 10 were
8 linear 9 regression
10 were 11 employed

a [two] - [tailed] p value < 0.05 [was] considered significant ( 95 % ci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 3 -
3 - 5 p
3 - 6 value
6 value 7 <
7 < 8 0.05
8 0.05 10 considered
8 0.05 15 ci
10 considered 11 significant
12 ( 15 ci
13 95 15 ci
14 % 15 ci
15 ci 16 )

results : the mhr tended to decrease with the age range : 1 = 77.20 ± 7.10 ; 2 = 76.66 ± 7.07 [;] 3 = 74.02 ± 7.46 ; 4 = 72.93 ± 7.35 [;] 5 = 73.41 ± 7.98 ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 mhr
3 the 4 mhr
4 mhr 5 tended
4 mhr 6 to
6 to 7 decrease
7 decrease 8 with
8 with 11 range
9 the 11 range
10 age 11 range
12 : 13 1
12 : 14 =
12 : 18 ;
12 : 47 .
13 1 14 =
14 = 16 ±
15 77.20 16 ±
16 ± 17 7.10
18 ; 19 2
18 ; 28 ±
18 ; 30 ;
19 2 21 76.66
19 2 22 ±
19 2 26 =
19 2 28 ±
20 = 21 76.66
21 76.66 22 ±
23 7.07 26 =
25 3 26 =
26 = 27 74.02
28 ± 29 7.46
30 ; 31 4
30 ; 40 ±
31 4 33 72.93
31 4 34 ±
31 4 40 ±
32 = 33 72.93
33 72.93 34 ±
34 ± 38 =
35 7.35 38 =
37 5 38 =
38 = 39 73.41
40 ± 41 7.98
41 7.98 44 <
42 ( 44 <
43 p 44 <
44 < 45 0.001
44 < 46 )

women showed a correlation with higher mhr ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 women 2 showed
2 showed 4 correlation
2 showed 5 with
3 a 4 correlation
5 with 7 mhr
6 higher 7 mhr
7 mhr 10 <
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.001
10 < 12 )

in the anova and regression models , age and gender were predictors ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 4 and
1 in 9 and
2 the 3 anova
3 anova 4 and
4 and 5 regression
6 models 7 ,
7 , 8 age
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 gender
9 and 11 were
11 were 12 predictors
12 predictors 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.001
15 < 17 )

however , r² [and] eta² < 0.10 , as well as discrete standardized beta coefficients indicated reduced effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 eta²
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 eta²
3 r² 5 eta²
5 eta² 6 <
6 < 7 0.10
8 , 15 coefficients
8 , 17 reduced
9 as 10 well
9 as 15 coefficients
11 as 14 beta
11 as 15 coefficients
12 discrete 14 beta
13 standardized 14 beta
15 coefficients 16 indicated
15 coefficients 17 reduced
17 reduced 18 effect

dyslipidemia , hypertension and dm did not influence the findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 dyslipidemia 2 ,
2 , 3 hypertension
2 , 4 and
4 and 5 dm
4 and 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 influence
8 influence 10 findings
9 the 10 findings

conclusion : the mhr decreased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 mhr
3 the 4 mhr
4 mhr 5 decreased
5 decreased 6 with
6 with 7 age

women had higher values of mhr , regardless of the age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 women 2 had
2 had 4 values
3 higher 4 values
4 values 5 of
5 of 6 mhr
7 , 12 group
8 regardless 9 of
9 of 11 age
9 of 12 group
10 the 11 age

correlations between mhr and age or gender , [albeit] significant , [showed] [the] effect magnitude had little statistical relevance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 correlations 2 between
1 correlations 4 and
2 between 3 mhr
4 and 19 relevance
5 age 6 or
6 or 7 gender
6 or 8 ,
6 or 15 magnitude
6 or 16 had
6 or 19 relevance
10 significant 11 ,
10 significant 14 effect
14 effect 15 magnitude
15 magnitude 16 had
16 had 17 little
18 statistical 19 relevance

the prevalence of sah , dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus did not influence the results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 ,
3 of 4 sah
5 , 6 dyslipidemia
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 mellitus
7 and 10 did
8 diabetes 9 mellitus
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 influence
12 influence 14 results
13 the 14 results

objectives : age - related arterial stiffening and reduction of arterial elasticity [are] attenuated in individuals with high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 age
4 - 5 related
5 related 8 and
5 related 15 in
5 related 17 with
5 related 23 .
6 arterial 7 stiffening
6 arterial 8 and
8 and 9 reduction
8 and 10 of
10 of 12 elasticity
11 arterial 12 elasticity
12 elasticity 14 attenuated
15 in 16 individuals
17 with 19 levels
18 high 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 22 fitness
21 cardiorespiratory 22 fitness

viscosity is another mechanical characteristic of the arterial wall ; however , the effects of age and cardiorespiratory fitness have not been determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 viscosity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 viscosity 2 is
2 is 5 characteristic
3 another 5 characteristic
4 mechanical 5 characteristic
5 characteristic 6 of
6 of 9 wall
7 the 9 wall
8 arterial 9 wall
10 ; 14 effects
10 ; 22 been
11 however 12 ,
11 however 14 effects
13 the 14 effects
14 effects 15 of
14 effects 20 have
15 of 17 and
16 age 17 and
17 and 19 fitness
18 cardiorespiratory 19 fitness
20 have 21 not
20 have 22 been
22 been 23 determined

we examined the associations among age , cardiorespiratory fitness and carotid arterial wall viscosity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 associations
2 examined 5 among
3 the 4 associations
5 among 10 and
6 age 7 ,
7 , 9 fitness
7 , 10 and
8 cardiorespiratory 9 fitness
10 and 14 viscosity
11 carotid 14 viscosity
12 arterial 13 wall
13 wall 14 viscosity

the common carotid artery was measured noninvasively by tonometry and automatic tracking of b - mode images to obtain instantaneous pressure and diameter hysteresis loops , and [we] calculated the effective compliance , isobaric compliance and viscosity index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 artery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 4 artery
2 common 3 carotid
3 carotid 4 artery
4 artery 5 was
5 was 12 tracking
6 measured 7 noninvasively
6 measured 8 by
6 measured 10 and
8 by 9 tonometry
10 and 11 automatic
10 and 12 tracking
12 tracking 13 of
13 of 14 b
15 - 17 images
15 - 22 and
16 mode 17 images
17 images 18 to
17 images 19 obtain
18 to 19 obtain
19 obtain 21 pressure
20 instantaneous 21 pressure
22 and 24 hysteresis
22 and 27 and
23 diameter 24 hysteresis
24 hysteresis 27 and
25 loops 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 calculated
27 and 36 and
30 the 36 and
31 effective 32 compliance
32 compliance 33 ,
33 , 35 compliance
33 , 36 and
34 isobaric 35 compliance
36 and 38 index
37 viscosity 38 index

results : in the middle - aged men , the viscosity index was larger in the unfit group than in the fit group ( 2533 vs [.] 2018 mmhg·s/mm , respectively : p<0.05 [ )(, but this was not the case in the young men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 middle
4 the 5 middle
6 - 8 men
6 - 9 ,
6 - 46 .
7 aged 8 men
9 , 12 index
9 , 13 was
9 , 32 :
10 the 12 index
11 viscosity 12 index
12 index 13 was
13 was 14 larger
14 larger 15 in
14 larger 19 than
14 larger 20 in
14 larger 31 respectively
15 in 18 group
16 the 18 group
17 unfit 18 group
20 in 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 fit 23 group
23 group 25 2533
24 ( 25 2533
25 2533 26 vs
25 2533 30 ,
26 vs 29 mmhg·s/mm
28 2018 29 mmhg·s/mm
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 :
32 : 33 p<0.05
32 : 36 but
35 )(, 36 but
36 but 37 this
36 but 38 was
37 this 38 was
38 was 39 not
38 was 41 case
40 the 41 case
41 case 42 in
42 in 45 men
43 the 45 men
44 young 45 men

in addition , effective and isobaric compliance were increased , and viscosity index [was] increased with advancing age , but these parameters were unaffected by cardiorespiratory fitness level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 11 and
1 in 18 age
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 4 effective
3 , 5 and
5 and 6 isobaric
5 and 7 compliance
5 and 8 were
5 and 9 increased
5 and 11 and
7 compliance 8 were
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 index
11 and 15 increased
12 viscosity 13 index
15 increased 16 with
16 with 17 advancing
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 parameters
20 but 23 were
21 these 22 parameters
22 parameters 23 were
23 were 24 unaffected
24 unaffected 25 by
25 by 28 level
26 cardiorespiratory 27 fitness
27 fitness 28 level

conclusion : these results suggest that the wall viscosity in the central artery is increased with advancing age and that the age - associated increase [in] wall viscosity may be attenuated in cardiorespiratory fit men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 23 -
2 : 30 be
2 : 36 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 viscosity
6 that 15 increased
7 the 9 viscosity
8 wall 9 viscosity
9 viscosity 10 in
9 viscosity 14 is
10 in 13 artery
11 the 13 artery
12 central 13 artery
14 is 15 increased
15 increased 16 with
16 with 19 and
16 with 22 age
17 advancing 18 age
18 age 19 and
19 and 20 that
21 the 22 age
23 - 30 be
24 associated 28 viscosity
25 increase 28 viscosity
27 wall 28 viscosity
28 viscosity 29 may
29 may 30 be
30 be 31 attenuated
31 attenuated 32 in
32 in 35 men
33 cardiorespiratory 34 fit
34 fit 35 men

cross - sectional studies have found that obesity is associated with low intellectual ability and neuroimaging abnormalities in adolescence and adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 cross 10 associated
1 cross 11 with
1 cross 15 and
2 - 10 associated
3 sectional 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 found
6 found 7 that
7 that 8 obesity
7 that 10 associated
8 obesity 9 is
9 is 10 associated
11 with 14 ability
12 low 14 ability
13 intellectual 14 ability
15 and 17 abnormalities
15 and 18 in
15 and 20 and
16 neuroimaging 17 abnormalities
18 in 19 adolescence
20 and 21 adulthood

some have interpreted these associations to suggest that obesity causes intellectual decline in the first half of the life course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 some 2 have
2 have 3 interpreted
3 interpreted 5 associations
3 interpreted 6 to
4 these 5 associations
6 to 7 suggest
7 suggest 11 intellectual
7 suggest 12 decline
8 that 11 intellectual
9 obesity 11 intellectual
10 causes 11 intellectual
12 decline 13 in
13 in 16 half
14 the 15 first
14 the 16 half
16 half 17 of
17 of 20 course
18 the 20 course
19 life 20 course

we analyzed data from a prospective longitudinal study to test whether becoming obese was associated with intellectual decline [from] childhood to midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 3 data
2 analyzed 9 to
3 data 4 from
4 from 8 study
5 a 6 prospective
5 a 8 study
6 prospective 8 study
7 longitudinal 8 study
9 to 10 test
10 test 11 whether
10 test 21 to
11 whether 12 becoming
11 whether 15 associated
12 becoming 13 obese
12 becoming 14 was
14 was 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 20 childhood
17 intellectual 18 decline
18 decline 20 childhood
21 to 22 midlife

we used data from the ongoing dunedin multidisciplinary health and development study , a population - representative birth cohort study of 1,037 children in new zealand who were followed prospectively from birth ( 1972 - 1973 ) through their fourth decade of life with a 95 % retention rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 we 2 used
2 used 3 data
2 used 4 from
4 from 10 and
5 the 9 health
6 ongoing 9 health
7 dunedin 8 multidisciplinary
8 multidisciplinary 9 health
9 health 10 and
10 and 12 study
10 and 15 population
11 development 12 study
13 , 15 population
14 a 15 population
15 population 16 -
16 - 20 study
16 - 29 followed
16 - 50 .
17 representative 20 study
18 birth 19 cohort
19 cohort 20 study
20 study 21 of
20 study 29 followed
21 of 23 children
22 1,037 23 children
23 children 24 in
23 children 27 who
23 children 28 were
24 in 26 zealand
25 new 26 zealand
27 who 28 were
29 followed 30 prospectively
29 followed 31 from
29 followed 38 through
29 followed 44 with
31 from 32 birth
32 birth 35 -
33 ( 35 -
34 1972 35 -
35 - 36 1973
35 - 37 )
38 through 41 decade
39 their 40 fourth
39 their 41 decade
41 decade 42 of
42 of 43 life
44 with 49 rate
45 a 49 rate
46 95 49 rate
47 % 48 retention
48 retention 49 rate

intelligence [quotient] ( iq ) was measured in childhood and adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intelligence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 intelligence 4 iq
1 intelligence 6 was
3 ( 4 iq
4 iq 5 )
6 was 7 measured
7 measured 8 in
8 in 10 and
9 childhood 10 and
10 and 11 adulthood

anthropometric measurements were taken at birth and at 12 subsequent in - person assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 anthropometric 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 4 taken
4 taken 7 and
5 at 6 birth
5 at 7 and
7 and 8 at
8 at 11 in
9 12 11 in
10 subsequent 11 in
12 - 14 assessments
12 - 15 .
13 person 14 assessments

as expected , cohort members who became obese had lower adulthood iq scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 as 2 expected
1 as 3 ,
1 as 5 members
2 expected 3 ,
4 cohort 5 members
5 members 6 who
5 members 7 became
5 members 9 had
6 who 7 became
7 became 8 obese
9 had 11 adulthood
10 lower 11 adulthood
11 adulthood 12 iq
11 adulthood 13 scores
12 iq 13 scores

however , obese cohort members exhibited no excess decline in iq . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 members
3 obese 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 members
5 members 6 exhibited
6 exhibited 9 decline
6 exhibited 10 in
7 no 9 decline
8 excess 9 decline
10 in 11 iq

instead , these cohort members had lower iq scores since childhood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 instead 2 ,
1 instead 5 members
3 these 5 members
4 cohort 5 members
5 members 6 had
6 had 9 scores
6 had 10 since
7 lower 9 scores
8 iq 9 scores
10 since 11 childhood

this pattern remained consistent when we accounted for children 's birth weights and growth during the first years of life , as well as for childhood - onset obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 remained
3 remained 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 when
4 consistent 8 for
4 consistent 22 as
5 when 6 we
5 when 7 accounted
6 we 7 accounted
8 for 13 and
9 children 10 's
10 's 12 weights
11 birth 12 weights
12 weights 13 and
13 and 14 growth
13 and 15 during
13 and 19 of
15 during 18 years
16 the 18 years
17 first 18 years
19 of 20 life
21 , 22 as
22 as 23 well
22 as 27 -
23 well 24 as
24 as 25 for
25 for 26 childhood
27 - 29 obesity
28 onset 29 obesity

lower iq scores among children who later developed obesity were present as early as 3 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 lower 3 scores
2 iq 3 scores
3 scores 4 among
3 scores 10 were
4 among 5 children
5 children 6 who
5 children 8 developed
6 who 8 developed
7 later 8 developed
8 developed 9 obesity
10 were 11 present
11 present 13 early
11 present 14 as
12 as 13 early
14 as 16 years
15 3 16 years
16 years 17 of
17 of 18 age

we observed no evidence that obesity contributed to a decline in iq , even among obese individuals who displayed evidence of the metabolic syndrome [and/or] elevated systemic inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 4 evidence
3 no 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 6 obesity
5 that 26 elevated
6 obesity 7 contributed
6 obesity 18 who
6 obesity 19 displayed
6 obesity 26 elevated
7 contributed 8 to
7 contributed 13 ,
7 contributed 14 even
8 to 10 decline
9 a 10 decline
10 decline 11 in
11 in 12 iq
14 even 15 among
15 among 17 individuals
16 obese 17 individuals
18 who 19 displayed
19 displayed 20 evidence
20 evidence 21 of
21 of 24 syndrome
22 the 24 syndrome
23 metabolic 24 syndrome
26 elevated 28 inflammation
27 systemic 28 inflammation

significant progress has been made in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms through which exercise protects and restores the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 significant 2 progress
1 significant 4 been
1 significant 5 made
2 progress 3 has
3 has 4 been
5 made 6 in
5 made 10 mechanisms
6 in 7 understanding
8 the 10 mechanisms
9 neurobiological 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 through
11 through 12 which
11 through 13 exercise
11 through 15 and
13 exercise 15 and
14 protects 15 and
15 and 16 restores
15 and 18 brain
17 the 18 brain

in this feature review , we integrate animal [and] human research , examining physical activity effects across multiple levels of description [(] neurons up to inter - regional pathways ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 integrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 4 review
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 this 4 review
3 feature 4 review
6 we 7 integrate
7 integrate 11 research
8 animal 11 research
10 human 11 research
11 research 13 examining
12 , 13 examining
13 examining 16 effects
13 examining 17 across
13 examining 30 )
14 physical 15 activity
15 activity 16 effects
17 across 19 levels
18 multiple 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 23 neurons
21 description 23 neurons
23 neurons 24 up
23 neurons 29 pathways
24 up 25 to
24 up 26 inter
25 to 26 inter
27 - 29 pathways
28 regional 29 pathways
29 pathways 30 )

we evaluate the influence of exercise on hippocampal structure and function , addressing common themes such as spatial memory and pattern separation , brain structure and plasticity , neurotrophic factors , and vasculature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 evaluate
2 evaluate 4 influence
2 evaluate 7 on
2 evaluate 13 addressing
3 the 4 influence
4 influence 5 of
5 of 6 exercise
7 on 10 and
8 hippocampal 9 structure
9 structure 10 and
10 and 11 function
12 , 13 addressing
13 addressing 15 themes
13 addressing 17 as
13 addressing 23 ,
14 common 15 themes
16 such 17 as
17 as 20 and
18 spatial 19 memory
19 memory 20 and
20 and 22 separation
21 pattern 22 separation
23 , 24 brain
24 brain 32 and
25 structure 26 and
26 and 27 plasticity
26 and 28 ,
28 , 30 factors
28 , 32 and
29 neurotrophic 30 factors
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 vasculature

areas of research focused more within species , such as hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents , also provide crucial insight into the protective role of physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 areas 2 of
1 areas 17 provide
2 of 3 research
3 research 4 focused
4 focused 5 more
4 focused 6 within
6 within 7 species
7 species 10 as
8 , 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 12 neurogenesis
10 as 15 ,
11 hippocampal 12 neurogenesis
12 neurogenesis 13 in
13 in 14 rodents
16 also 17 provide
17 provide 19 insight
17 provide 20 into
18 crucial 19 insight
20 into 23 role
21 the 23 role
22 protective 23 role
23 role 24 of
24 of 26 activity
25 physical 26 activity

overall , converging evidence suggests exercise benefits brain function [and] cognition across the mammalian lifespan , which may translate into reduced risk for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 brain
2 , 4 evidence
2 , 5 suggests
3 converging 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 7 benefits
5 suggests 8 brain
6 exercise 7 benefits
8 brain 11 cognition
8 brain 12 across
9 function 11 cognition
12 across 15 lifespan
13 the 15 lifespan
14 mammalian 15 lifespan
15 lifespan 17 which
16 , 17 which
17 which 18 may
17 which 32 .
18 may 19 translate
19 translate 20 into
20 into 22 risk
21 reduced 22 risk
22 risk 23 for
22 risk 30 in
23 for 26 disease
24 alzheimer 25 's
25 's 26 disease
26 disease 28 ad
27 ( 28 ad
28 ad 29 )
30 in 31 humans

toxicity is the most frequently reported reason for modifying or discontinuing the first combined antiretroviral therapy regimens , and it can cause significant morbidity , poor quality of life and also can be an important barrier [to] adherence , ultimately resulting in treatment failure and viral resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 toxicity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
1 toxicity 2 is
2 is 7 reason
3 the 4 most
4 most 5 frequently
5 frequently 6 reported
6 reported 7 reason
7 reason 8 for
8 for 9 modifying
10 or 11 discontinuing
10 or 33 be
11 discontinuing 30 and
11 discontinuing 33 be
12 the 13 first
12 the 17 regimens
14 combined 16 therapy
15 antiretroviral 16 therapy
16 therapy 17 regimens
17 regimens 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 it
19 and 21 can
21 can 22 cause
22 cause 24 morbidity
23 significant 24 morbidity
24 morbidity 25 ,
25 , 27 quality
25 , 30 and
26 poor 27 quality
27 quality 28 of
28 of 29 life
30 and 31 also
30 and 32 can
33 be 38 adherence
34 an 35 important
34 an 38 adherence
35 important 38 adherence
36 barrier 38 adherence
38 adherence 41 resulting
39 , 41 resulting
40 ultimately 41 resulting
41 resulting 42 in
41 resulting 48 .
42 in 45 and
43 treatment 44 failure
44 failure 45 and
45 and 47 resistance
46 viral 47 resistance

elderly patients with hiv/aids ( ≥ 50 years ) may have a different profile in terms of treatment modification due to higher incidence [of] comorbidities and polypharmacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 elderly 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 10 may
3 with 4 hiv/aids
4 hiv/aids 8 years
5 ( 8 years
6 ≥ 8 years
7 50 8 years
8 years 9 )
10 may 11 have
11 have 14 profile
11 have 15 in
11 have 21 to
12 a 14 profile
13 different 14 profile
15 in 16 terms
16 terms 17 of
17 of 19 modification
18 treatment 19 modification
20 due 21 to
21 to 26 and
22 higher 23 incidence
23 incidence 25 comorbidities
25 comorbidities 26 and
26 and 27 polypharmacy

the aim of this study was to describe the incidence of modifying or discontinuing first combined antiretroviral therapy regimen due to toxicity ( tox - mod ) during the first year of treatment at the ipec - fiocruz hiv/aids cohort , rio de janeiro , brazil , stratified by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 20 due
7 to 8 describe
8 describe 13 or
9 the 10 incidence
10 incidence 11 of
10 incidence 13 or
11 of 12 modifying
13 or 19 regimen
14 discontinuing 19 regimen
15 first 16 combined
16 combined 18 therapy
17 antiretroviral 18 therapy
18 therapy 19 regimen
20 due 21 to
20 due 28 during
20 due 34 at
21 to 22 toxicity
22 toxicity 26 mod
23 ( 26 mod
24 tox 26 mod
25 - 26 mod
26 mod 27 )
28 during 31 year
29 the 30 first
29 the 31 year
31 year 32 of
32 of 33 treatment
34 at 40 cohort
35 the 40 cohort
36 ipec 38 fiocruz
37 - 38 fiocruz
38 fiocruz 40 cohort
39 hiv/aids 40 cohort
41 , 44 janeiro
41 , 48 stratified
42 rio 43 de
43 de 44 janeiro
44 janeiro 46 brazil
44 janeiro 48 stratified
45 , 46 brazil
46 brazil 47 ,
48 stratified 49 by
49 by 50 age

demographic , clinical and treatment characteristics from antiretroviral - naïve patients who first received combined antiretroviral therapy between jan/1996 and dec/2010 were collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 demographic 2 ,
2 , 3 clinical
2 , 4 and
4 and 6 characteristics
4 and 7 from
4 and 12 who
4 and 14 received
4 and 22 were
5 treatment 6 characteristics
7 from 11 patients
8 antiretroviral 9 -
8 antiretroviral 11 patients
10 naïve 11 patients
12 who 14 received
13 first 14 received
14 received 17 therapy
14 received 18 between
15 combined 17 therapy
16 antiretroviral 17 therapy
18 between 21 dec/2010
19 jan/1996 20 and
20 and 21 dec/2010
22 were 23 collected

incidence [rate] and confidence interval of each event [were] estimated using quasipoisson model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 incidence 3 and
3 and 5 interval
3 and 6 of
4 confidence 5 interval
6 of 13 model
7 each 13 model
8 event 10 estimated
10 estimated 13 model
11 using 13 model
12 quasipoisson 13 model

to estimate hazard [ratio] ( hr ) of tox - mod during the first year of combined antiretroviral therapy cox 's proportional hazards regression was applied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 estimate
1 to 7 )
1 to 24 regression
2 estimate 3 hazard
3 hazard 6 hr
5 ( 6 hr
6 hr 7 )
8 of 11 mod
8 of 24 regression
9 tox 11 mod
10 - 11 mod
12 during 15 year
12 during 24 regression
13 the 14 first
13 the 15 year
15 year 16 of
16 of 19 therapy
17 combined 19 therapy
18 antiretroviral 19 therapy
20 cox 21 's
21 's 24 regression
22 proportional 23 hazards
23 hazards 24 regression
24 regression 25 was
25 was 26 applied

overall , 1558 patients were included [;] 957 ( 61.4 % ) , 420 ( 27.0 % ) and 181 ( 11.6 % ) were aged [<] 40 , 40 - 49 , and ≥ 50 years , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
2 , 3 1558
2 , 6 included
2 , 19 and
3 1558 4 patients
3 1558 5 were
3 1558 6 included
4 patients 5 were
6 included 8 957
8 957 11 %
8 957 14 420
9 ( 11 %
10 61.4 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 , 14 420
14 420 17 %
14 420 18 )
15 ( 17 %
16 27.0 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 and 20 181
19 and 25 were
20 181 23 %
20 181 25 were
21 ( 23 %
22 11.6 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 were 37 years
25 were 39 respectively
26 aged 28 40
26 aged 31 -
26 aged 34 and
29 , 31 -
30 40 31 -
31 - 32 49
31 - 33 ,
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 ≥
34 and 37 years
36 50 37 years
38 , 39 respectively
39 respectively 40 .

the most frequent tox - mod during first combined antiretroviral therapy regimen were hematologic ( [59] [;] 26.3 % ) , central nervous system [(] 47 ; 20.9 % [ )( rash [(] 42 [;] [19.1] [%] [ )(and gastrointestinal ( gi ) ( [38] [;] 16.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 regimen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 12 regimen
2 most 3 frequent
3 frequent 12 regimen
4 tox 9 combined
4 tox 12 regimen
5 - 9 combined
6 mod 7 during
6 mod 9 combined
7 during 8 first
10 antiretroviral 11 therapy
11 therapy 12 regimen
12 regimen 13 were
13 were 24 system
14 hematologic 19 %
14 hematologic 21 ,
14 hematologic 24 system
15 ( 19 %
18 26.3 19 %
19 % 20 )
22 central 24 system
23 nervous 24 system
24 system 26 47
27 ; 39 )(and
28 20.9 29 %
29 % 32 rash
32 rash 34 42
32 rash 39 )(and
39 )(and 40 gastrointestinal
39 )(and 42 gi
39 )(and 48 %
41 ( 42 gi
42 gi 43 )
44 ( 48 %
47 16.7 48 %
48 % 49 )

in multivariate analysis , incidence ratio [of] tox - mod during the first year of combined antiretroviral therapy progressively increases with age , [albeit] not reaching statistical significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 mod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 increases
1 in 3 analysis
1 in 10 mod
2 multivariate 3 analysis
3 analysis 8 tox
4 , 8 tox
5 incidence 8 tox
6 ratio 8 tox
8 tox 9 -
10 mod 11 during
10 mod 20 increases
11 during 14 year
12 the 14 year
13 first 14 year
14 year 15 of
15 of 18 therapy
16 combined 18 therapy
17 antiretroviral 18 therapy
19 progressively 20 increases
20 increases 21 with
20 increases 26 reaching
21 with 22 age
23 , 25 not
23 , 26 reaching
26 reaching 28 significance
26 reaching 29 .
27 statistical 28 significance

this profile was maintained after adjusting the model for sex , combined antiretroviral therapy regimen and year [of] combined antiretroviral therapy initiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 profile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 profile
2 profile 3 was
3 was 4 maintained
4 maintained 5 after
5 after 6 adjusting
6 adjusting 8 model
6 adjusting 9 for
7 the 8 model
9 for 16 and
10 sex 11 ,
11 , 15 regimen
11 , 16 and
12 combined 14 therapy
13 antiretroviral 14 therapy
14 therapy 15 regimen
16 and 22 initiation
17 year 19 combined
19 combined 21 therapy
20 antiretroviral 21 therapy
21 therapy 22 initiation

these results are important because [not] only patients are living longer and aging with hiv , but also new diagnoses are being made among the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 important
4 important 5 because
5 because 7 only
5 because 9 are
7 only 8 patients
8 patients 9 are
9 are 10 living
10 living 11 longer
12 and 20 diagnoses
12 and 21 are
13 aging 14 with
13 aging 16 ,
13 aging 20 diagnoses
14 with 15 hiv
17 but 18 also
17 but 20 diagnoses
19 new 20 diagnoses
20 diagnoses 21 are
21 are 22 being
22 being 23 made
23 made 24 among
24 among 26 elderly
25 the 26 elderly

prospective studies are needed to evaluate the safety profile of first line combined antiretroviral therapy on elderly individuals , especially in resource [-] limited countries , where initial regimens are mostly nnrti - based . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evaluate
1 prospective 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 9 profile
6 evaluate 34 based
7 the 9 profile
8 safety 9 profile
9 profile 10 of
10 of 15 therapy
11 first 12 line
12 line 13 combined
13 combined 15 therapy
14 antiretroviral 15 therapy
15 therapy 16 on
16 on 18 individuals
17 elderly 18 individuals
18 individuals 21 in
19 , 20 especially
19 , 21 in
21 in 25 countries
21 in 33 -
22 resource 24 limited
24 limited 25 countries
25 countries 27 where
26 , 27 where
27 where 29 regimens
27 where 30 are
27 where 33 -
28 initial 29 regimens
29 regimens 30 are
30 are 31 mostly
30 are 32 nnrti
33 - 34 based
34 based 35 .

objective : to investigate [how] the chronic disease self - management program ( cdsmp ) changes health outcomes , lifestyle behaviors , and health care service utilization over a 6 month period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 9 self
6 the 9 self
7 chronic 8 disease
8 disease 9 self
9 self 18 outcomes
10 - 18 outcomes
11 management 12 program
12 program 14 cdsmp
13 ( 14 cdsmp
14 cdsmp 15 )
14 cdsmp 18 outcomes
16 changes 17 health
17 health 18 outcomes
18 outcomes 19 ,
19 , 23 and
19 , 26 service
20 lifestyle 21 behaviors
21 behaviors 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 care
23 and 26 service
24 health 25 care
26 service 27 utilization
26 service 28 over
28 over 32 period
29 a 32 period
30 6 31 month
31 month 32 period

method : the participants were 1,170 adults enrolled in the national study of cdsmp in 2010 - 2012 ( [m] age=65.4 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 participants
2 : 5 were
2 : 24 .
3 the 4 participants
4 participants 5 were
5 were 7 adults
5 were 9 in
5 were 15 in
6 1,170 7 adults
7 adults 8 enrolled
9 in 12 study
10 the 12 study
11 national 12 study
12 study 13 of
13 of 14 cdsmp
15 in 17 -
16 2010 17 -
17 - 18 2012
17 - 22 years
19 ( 22 years
21 age=65.4 22 years
22 years 23 )

six - month assessments were available for 903 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 six
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 assessments
2 - 5 were
2 - 10 .
3 month 4 assessments
4 assessments 5 were
5 were 6 available
6 available 7 for
7 for 9 participants
8 903 9 participants

linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the changes between baseline and 6 [-] month assessment for primary and secondary outcomes among cdsmp participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 linear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mixed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 linear 2 mixed
2 mixed 3 models
4 and 8 models
4 and 10 used
5 generalized 8 models
6 linear 8 models
7 mixed 8 models
8 models 9 were
9 were 10 used
10 used 11 to
11 to 12 assess
12 assess 14 changes
12 assess 15 between
12 assess 22 for
12 assess 27 among
13 the 14 changes
15 between 17 and
16 baseline 17 and
17 and 21 assessment
18 6 20 month
20 month 21 assessment
22 for 26 outcomes
23 primary 24 and
24 and 25 secondary
24 and 26 outcomes
27 among 29 participants
28 cdsmp 29 participants

results : social/role activities limitations , depression , and communication with physicians improved significantly from baseline to 6 [-] month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 activities
2 : 21 follow
3 social/role 4 activities
4 activities 9 and
4 activities 13 improved
4 activities 21 follow
5 limitations 6 ,
6 , 7 depression
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 communication
9 and 11 with
9 and 13 improved
11 with 12 physicians
13 improved 14 significantly
13 improved 15 from
15 from 16 baseline
16 baseline 17 to
17 to 20 month
18 6 20 month
21 follow 23 up
22 - 23 up
23 up 24 .

study participants reported significant improvements in more physical activity and less emergency room ( er ) visits and hospitalization during that period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 study 2 participants
2 participants 3 reported
3 reported 5 improvements
3 reported 6 in
3 reported 20 during
4 significant 5 improvements
6 in 18 and
7 more 8 physical
8 physical 9 activity
9 activity 10 and
10 and 12 emergency
10 and 13 room
10 and 17 visits
10 and 18 and
11 less 12 emergency
13 room 15 er
13 room 17 visits
14 ( 15 er
15 er 16 )
18 and 19 hospitalization
20 during 22 period
21 that 22 period

discussion : nationally , cdsmp not only improves health outcomes and lifestyle behaviors but also decreases costly er visits and hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 cdsmp
2 : 15 also
2 : 22 .
3 nationally 4 ,
3 nationally 5 cdsmp
5 cdsmp 15 also
6 not 7 only
7 only 15 also
8 improves 11 and
8 improves 15 also
9 health 10 outcomes
10 outcomes 11 and
11 and 13 behaviors
12 lifestyle 13 behaviors
14 but 15 also
15 also 16 decreases
16 decreases 20 and
17 costly 19 visits
18 er 19 visits
19 visits 20 and
20 and 21 hospitalization

geriatricians and other primary care providers should be encouraged to refer patients with chronic conditions to such self [-] management programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 encouraged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 geriatricians 2 and
2 and 6 providers
2 and 7 should
3 other 6 providers
4 primary 5 care
5 care 6 providers
7 should 8 be
8 be 9 encouraged
9 encouraged 10 to
9 encouraged 11 refer
10 to 11 refer
11 refer 12 patients
11 refer 13 with
13 with 15 conditions
14 chronic 15 conditions
15 conditions 16 to
16 to 21 programs
17 such 21 programs
18 self 21 programs
20 management 21 programs

objectives : postoperative delirium is a common psychiatric disorder among patients who undergo cardiac surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 delirium
2 : 5 is
2 : 16 .
3 postoperative 4 delirium
4 delirium 5 is
5 is 9 disorder
6 a 7 common
6 a 9 disorder
7 common 9 disorder
8 psychiatric 9 disorder
9 disorder 10 among
10 among 11 patients
11 patients 12 who
11 patients 13 undergo
12 who 13 undergo
13 undergo 15 surgery
14 cardiac 15 surgery

although several studies have investigated risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery , the association between delirium and cerebral white - matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) on magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging has not been previously studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 although 2 several
1 although 5 investigated
1 although 32 )
1 although 33 imaging
2 several 3 studies
2 several 4 have
2 several 5 investigated
3 studies 4 have
5 investigated 7 factors
6 risk 7 factors
7 factors 8 for
7 factors 15 association
8 for 9 delirium
9 delirium 10 after
10 after 12 surgery
11 cardiac 12 surgery
13 , 15 association
14 the 15 association
15 association 16 between
15 association 27 on
15 association 31 mr
15 association 32 )
16 between 18 and
17 delirium 18 and
18 and 20 white
18 and 23 hyperintensities
19 cerebral 20 white
21 - 23 hyperintensities
22 matter 23 hyperintensities
23 hyperintensities 25 wmh
23 hyperintensities 26 )
24 ( 25 wmh
25 wmh 26 )
27 on 29 resonance
28 magnetic 29 resonance
30 ( 31 mr
31 mr 32 )
33 imaging 34 has
34 has 35 not
34 has 36 been
36 been 37 previously
36 been 38 studied

the aim of this study was to identify general risk factors for delirium , [as] well as to examine the specific relationship between wmh and delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 14 ,
7 to 14 ,
8 identify 11 factors
8 identify 12 for
8 identify 14 ,
9 general 11 factors
10 risk 11 factors
12 for 13 delirium
14 , 16 well
14 , 17 as
17 as 18 to
18 to 19 examine
19 examine 22 relationship
20 the 22 relationship
21 specific 22 relationship
22 relationship 23 between
23 between 25 and
24 wmh 25 and
25 and 26 delirium

design : retrospective chart review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 review
3 retrospective 4 chart
4 chart 5 review

setting : university hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 hospital
2 : 5 .
3 university 4 hospital

participants : a total of 130 patients who underwent cardiac surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 patients
6 130 7 patients
7 patients 8 who
7 patients 9 underwent
8 who 9 underwent
9 underwent 11 surgery
10 cardiac 11 surgery

measurements : variables recorded included patient demographics , comorbidities , mental health , laboratory data , surgical information , and cerebrovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 20 and
2 : 23 .
3 variables 4 recorded
4 recorded 7 demographics
5 included 7 demographics
6 patient 7 demographics
7 demographics 8 ,
8 , 9 comorbidities
8 , 10 ,
10 , 12 health
10 , 13 ,
11 mental 12 health
13 , 15 data
13 , 16 ,
14 laboratory 15 data
16 , 18 information
16 , 20 and
17 surgical 18 information
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 disease
21 cerebrovascular 22 disease

the presence of wmh was assessed using mr images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 5 was
3 of 4 wmh
5 was 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 using
7 using 9 images
8 mr 9 images

two groups of patients were compared ( [patients] [with] [and] without delirium ) using both univariate and multiple logistic analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 two 2 groups
2 groups 3 of
2 groups 5 were
3 of 4 patients
5 were 6 compared
6 compared 11 without
6 compared 14 using
7 ( 11 without
11 without 12 delirium
11 without 13 )
14 using 20 analyses
15 both 20 analyses
16 univariate 17 and
17 and 18 multiple
17 and 19 logistic
19 logistic 20 analyses

results : delirium occurred in 18 patients ( 13.8 % ) and patients with delirium were significantly older than patients who did not develop delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 delirium
2 : 4 occurred
2 : 12 and
2 : 26 .
3 delirium 4 occurred
4 occurred 5 in
5 in 7 patients
6 18 7 patients
7 patients 10 %
8 ( 10 %
9 13.8 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 and 13 patients
12 and 16 were
13 patients 14 with
13 patients 16 were
14 with 15 delirium
16 were 17 significantly
16 were 18 older
18 older 19 than
19 than 20 patients
20 patients 21 who
20 patients 22 did
21 who 22 did
22 did 23 not
22 did 24 develop
24 develop 25 delirium

the prevalence of severe wmh ( fazekas score [=] 3 ) was significantly higher in patients with delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 12 was
3 of 5 wmh
4 severe 5 wmh
5 wmh 8 score
6 ( 8 score
7 fazekas 8 score
8 score 10 3
8 score 11 )
12 was 14 higher
13 significantly 14 higher
14 higher 15 in
14 higher 17 with
15 in 16 patients
17 with 18 delirium

three independent predictors of delirium were identified : abnormal creatinine ( odds ratio [ or ] : 4.5 ; 95 % confidence interval [ ci ] : 1.4 - 13.9 [ )(, severe wmh ( or : 3.9 ; 95 % ci : 1.2 - 12.5 ) , [and] duration of surgery ( or : 1.4 ; 95 % ci : 1.0 - 1.8 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 three 3 predictors
2 independent 3 predictors
3 predictors 4 of
3 predictors 6 were
4 of 5 delirium
6 were 7 identified
8 : 10 creatinine
8 : 17 :
9 abnormal 10 creatinine
10 creatinine 13 ratio
11 ( 13 ratio
12 odds 13 ratio
13 ratio 15 or
13 ratio 17 :
14 [ 15 or
15 or 16 ]
17 : 18 4.5
17 : 19 ;
17 : 27 :
17 : 29 -
19 ; 23 interval
20 95 23 interval
21 % 23 interval
22 confidence 23 interval
23 interval 25 ci
23 interval 27 :
24 [ 25 ci
25 ci 26 ]
27 : 28 1.4
29 - 30 13.9
29 - 32 )(,
29 - 37 :
29 - 39 ;
32 )(, 36 or
33 severe 36 or
34 wmh 36 or
35 ( 36 or
36 or 37 :
37 : 38 3.9
39 ; 42 ci
39 ; 43 :
40 95 42 ci
41 % 42 ci
43 : 44 1.2
43 : 55 :
44 1.2 46 12.5
44 1.2 50 duration
45 - 46 12.5
46 12.5 47 )
48 , 50 duration
50 duration 51 of
50 duration 55 :
51 of 52 surgery
52 surgery 54 or
53 ( 54 or
54 or 55 :
55 : 56 1.4
55 : 57 ;
55 : 66 .
57 ; 60 ci
57 ; 61 :
58 95 60 ci
59 % 60 ci
61 : 62 1.0
62 1.0 64 1.8
63 - 64 1.8
64 1.8 65 )

conclusions : the results of this study suggest that white - matter abnormality is one of the most important risk factors for development of delirium after cardiac surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 14 is
2 : 29 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 suggest
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 suggest 13 abnormality
8 suggest 14 is
9 that 10 white
10 white 11 -
10 white 12 matter
12 matter 13 abnormality
14 is 15 one
14 is 21 factors
15 one 16 of
16 of 20 risk
17 the 20 risk
18 most 19 important
19 important 20 risk
21 factors 22 for
21 factors 24 of
22 for 23 development
24 of 25 delirium
25 delirium 26 after
26 after 28 surgery
27 cardiac 28 surgery

these factors can be used for prediction and prevention of delirium following cardiac surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 factors
2 factors 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 used
5 used 6 for
6 for 8 and
7 prediction 8 and
8 and 9 prevention
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 delirium
11 delirium 12 following
12 following 14 surgery
13 cardiac 14 surgery

none previous studies indicate an important role for the cellular prion protein ( prp [(] c [ )( (in the development of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) [pathology] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 none 2 previous
1 none 3 studies
1 none 4 indicate
2 previous 3 studies
4 indicate 7 role
4 indicate 19 (in
5 an 6 important
5 an 7 role
6 important 7 role
7 role 8 for
8 for 12 protein
9 the 12 protein
10 cellular 11 prion
11 prion 12 protein
12 protein 14 prp
13 ( 14 prp
14 prp 16 c
14 prp 18 )(
19 (in 21 development
20 the 21 development
21 development 22 of
22 of 25 disease
23 alzheimer 24 's
24 's 25 disease
25 disease 27 ad
26 ( 27 ad
27 ad 28 )

in the present study , we analyzed the involvement of prp [(] c [ )(in different pathological mechanisms underlying ad : [the] processing of the amyloid - β protein precursor ( [aβpp] [ )(and its interaction with aβpp , tau , and different phosphorylated forms of the tau protein ( p - tau ) . 
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 9 involvement
7 analyzed 15 )(in
8 the 9 involvement
9 involvement 10 of
10 of 11 prp
11 prp 13 c
15 )(in 18 mechanisms
16 different 18 mechanisms
17 pathological 18 mechanisms
18 mechanisms 19 underlying
18 mechanisms 23 processing
18 mechanisms 24 of
19 underlying 20 ad
19 underlying 21 :
21 : 23 processing
24 of 34 )(and
25 the 30 precursor
26 amyloid 27 -
26 amyloid 30 precursor
28 β 30 precursor
29 protein 30 precursor
30 precursor 34 )(and
31 ( 34 )(and
34 )(and 36 interaction
34 )(and 37 with
34 )(and 45 forms
35 its 36 interaction
37 with 38 aβpp
39 , 45 forms
40 tau 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 different
42 and 45 forms
44 phosphorylated 45 forms
45 forms 46 of
45 forms 55 .
46 of 49 protein
47 the 49 protein
48 tau 49 protein
49 protein 52 -
50 ( 52 -
51 p 52 -
52 - 53 tau
52 - 54 )

the effect of prp [(] c [ )(on tau expression was investigated in various cellular compartments using a hek293 cell model expressing a tau mutant ( 3po - tau ) or wild type ( wt ) - tau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 or
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 31 or
3 of 4 prp
4 prp 6 c
4 prp 8 )(on
4 prp 12 investigated
8 )(on 9 tau
9 tau 10 expression
9 tau 11 was
10 expression 11 was
12 investigated 13 in
12 investigated 17 using
13 in 16 compartments
14 various 16 compartments
15 cellular 16 compartments
17 using 21 model
18 a 21 model
19 hek293 21 model
20 cell 21 model
21 model 22 expressing
21 model 29 tau
22 expressing 25 mutant
23 a 25 mutant
24 tau 25 mutant
26 ( 29 tau
27 3po 28 -
27 3po 29 tau
29 tau 30 )
31 or 33 type
31 or 35 wt
31 or 38 tau
32 wild 33 type
34 ( 35 wt
35 wt 36 )
37 - 38 tau
38 tau 39 .

we could show that prp [(] c [ )(reduces aβpp [cleavage] , leading to decreased levels of aβ40 and saβpp without changing the protein expression of aβpp , β - secretase , [or] [γ] - secretase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 could
2 could 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 prp
4 that 9 )(reduces
5 prp 7 c
5 prp 9 )(reduces
9 )(reduces 10 aβpp
9 )(reduces 13 leading
12 , 13 leading
13 leading 14 to
13 leading 21 without
13 leading 35 -
14 to 19 and
15 decreased 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
16 levels 19 and
17 of 18 aβ40
19 and 20 saβpp
21 without 22 changing
22 changing 25 expression
23 the 25 expression
24 protein 25 expression
25 expression 26 of
25 expression 29 β
26 of 27 aβpp
28 , 29 β
29 β 31 secretase
29 β 35 -
30 - 31 secretase
31 secretase 32 ,
35 - 36 secretase

tau and its phosphorylated forms were identified as interactions partners for prp [(] c [ )(, raising the question as to whether prp [(] c [ )(might also be involved in tau pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 )(,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 tau 2 and
2 and 5 forms
2 and 6 were
3 its 5 forms
4 phosphorylated 5 forms
6 were 7 identified
7 identified 8 as
8 as 10 partners
9 interactions 10 partners
10 partners 11 for
11 for 12 prp
12 prp 14 c
16 )(, 17 raising
16 )(, 30 involved
17 raising 19 question
17 raising 21 to
17 raising 29 be
18 the 19 question
20 as 21 to
21 to 22 whether
22 whether 23 prp
22 whether 27 )(might
23 prp 25 c
23 prp 27 )(might
28 also 29 be
29 be 30 involved
30 involved 31 in
31 in 33 pathology
32 tau 33 pathology

overexpression of prp [(] c [ )(in prnp and 3po - tau transfected cells resulted in a reduction of 3po - tau and [p] [-] tau as well as a decrease of 3po - tau - related toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 overexpression 2 of
1 overexpression 9 and
2 of 3 prp
3 prp 5 c
3 prp 7 )(in
7 )(in 8 prnp
9 and 10 3po
11 - 14 cells
11 - 15 resulted
11 - 21 -
12 tau 13 transfected
13 transfected 14 cells
14 cells 15 resulted
15 resulted 16 in
16 in 18 reduction
17 a 18 reduction
18 reduction 19 of
19 of 20 3po
21 - 23 and
22 tau 23 and
23 and 26 tau
23 and 27 as
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
28 well 32 of
29 as 31 decrease
30 a 31 decrease
32 of 35 tau
33 3po 34 -
33 3po 35 tau
35 tau 38 toxicity
36 - 38 toxicity
37 related 38 toxicity
38 toxicity 39 .

in addition , we used the transgenic prp [(] c [ )( ( prnp0/0 ) mouse line to study the dynamics of tau phosphorylation , an important pathological hallmark in the pathogenesis of ad [in] [vivo] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 used
5 used 17 line
5 used 18 to
5 used 19 study
6 the 17 line
7 transgenic 16 mouse
8 prp 10 c
8 prp 14 prnp0/0
8 prp 16 mouse
13 ( 14 prnp0/0
14 prnp0/0 15 )
16 mouse 17 line
18 to 19 study
19 study 21 dynamics
20 the 21 dynamics
21 dynamics 22 of
22 of 24 phosphorylation
23 tau 24 phosphorylation
24 phosphorylation 29 hallmark
25 , 29 hallmark
26 an 27 important
26 an 29 hallmark
27 important 29 hallmark
28 pathological 29 hallmark
29 hallmark 30 in
29 hallmark 33 of
29 hallmark 37 .
30 in 32 pathogenesis
31 the 32 pathogenesis
33 of 34 ad

there , an effect of prp [(] c [ )(on tau expression could be observed under oxidative stress conditions but not during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 , 4 effect
2 , 15 observed
3 an 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 13 could
5 of 6 prp
6 prp 8 c
6 prp 10 )(on
10 )(on 12 expression
11 tau 12 expression
13 could 14 be
14 be 15 observed
15 observed 20 but
16 under 19 conditions
16 under 20 but
17 oxidative 18 stress
18 stress 19 conditions
20 but 21 not
20 but 22 during
22 during 23 aging

in summary , we provide further evidence for interactions of prp [(] c [ )(with proteins that are known to be the key players in ad pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 summary
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 provide
4 we 5 provide
5 provide 7 evidence
6 further 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 for
8 for 9 interactions
9 interactions 10 of
9 interactions 15 )(with
9 interactions 17 that
9 interactions 18 are
10 of 11 prp
11 prp 13 c
15 )(with 16 proteins
17 that 18 are
18 are 19 known
19 known 20 to
19 known 21 be
20 to 21 be
21 be 24 players
22 the 24 players
23 key 24 players
24 players 25 in
25 in 27 pathogenesis
26 ad 27 pathogenesis

we identified tau and its phosphorylated forms as potential prp - interactors and report a novel protective function of prp ( [c] [ )(in ad - like tau pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 4 and
2 identified 8 as
3 tau 4 and
4 and 7 forms
5 its 7 forms
6 phosphorylated 7 forms
8 as 10 prp
9 potential 10 prp
11 - 13 and
12 interactors 13 and
13 and 14 report
14 report 18 function
15 a 16 novel
15 a 18 function
16 novel 18 function
17 protective 18 function
18 function 19 of
18 function 27 like
19 of 20 prp
20 prp 24 )(in
21 ( 24 )(in
24 )(in 25 ad
24 )(in 26 -
27 like 29 pathology
28 tau 29 pathology

mechanical loading of muscle action is concentrated at muscle attachment sites ; thus there may be a potential [for] site - specific variation in cortical bone thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loading
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 concentrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
1 mechanical 2 loading
2 loading 3 of
2 loading 6 is
3 of 5 action
4 muscle 5 action
6 is 7 concentrated
7 concentrated 8 at
8 at 9 muscle
9 muscle 10 attachment
9 muscle 11 sites
10 attachment 11 sites
12 ; 14 there
12 ; 16 be
13 thus 14 there
14 there 15 may
15 may 16 be
16 be 20 site
17 a 20 site
18 potential 20 site
20 site 23 variation
21 - 23 variation
22 specific 23 variation
23 variation 24 in
23 variation 28 .
24 in 27 thickness
25 cortical 27 thickness
26 bone 27 thickness

humeri from an early [20th] - century finnish ( helsinki ) and two medieval english ( newcastle , blackgate and york , barbican [ )(populations were subjected to pqct scanning to calculate [site] - specific cross - sectional cortical bone area [(] ca [ )(for four locations and to measure cortical thickness at muscle attachment sites [and] [non] - attachment sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 humeri 2 from
1 humeri 12 and
2 from 8 finnish
3 an 7 century
4 early 6 -
4 early 7 century
7 century 8 finnish
8 finnish 10 helsinki
9 ( 10 helsinki
10 helsinki 11 )
12 and 15 english
12 and 20 and
13 two 15 english
14 medieval 15 english
16 ( 20 and
17 newcastle 18 ,
18 , 19 blackgate
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 york
20 and 22 ,
22 , 32 calculate
23 barbican 25 )(populations
25 )(populations 26 were
26 were 27 subjected
27 subjected 28 to
28 to 29 pqct
29 pqct 30 scanning
29 pqct 31 to
31 to 32 calculate
32 calculate 37 -
34 - 37 -
35 specific 36 cross
36 cross 37 -
37 - 43 ca
38 sectional 41 area
39 cortical 41 area
40 bone 41 area
41 area 43 ca
43 ca 48 and
43 ca 53 at
45 )(for 47 locations
45 )(for 48 and
46 four 47 locations
48 and 49 to
49 to 52 thickness
50 measure 52 thickness
51 cortical 52 thickness
53 at 56 sites
54 muscle 56 sites
55 attachment 56 sites
56 sites 61 sites
59 - 61 sites
60 attachment 61 sites
61 sites 62 .

we found that ca at 80 % of humerus length was significantly reduced compared to more distal [cross] - sections , which can be due to reduced stresses at the proximal shaft . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 4 ca
2 found 5 at
5 at 7 %
6 80 7 %
7 % 8 of
8 of 9 humerus
9 humerus 10 length
9 humerus 11 was
9 humerus 13 reduced
9 humerus 14 compared
9 humerus 20 sections
10 length 11 was
11 was 12 significantly
14 compared 15 to
14 compared 17 distal
15 to 16 more
19 - 20 sections
20 sections 21 ,
21 , 22 which
21 , 24 be
22 which 23 can
23 can 24 be
24 be 26 to
24 be 29 at
25 due 26 to
26 to 28 stresses
27 reduced 28 stresses
29 at 32 shaft
30 the 32 shaft
31 proximal 32 shaft

the principal direction of loading at 80 % humerus length was towards mediolateral [plane] , likely due [to] fixing [the] humerus close to the torso . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 direction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 direction
2 principal 3 direction
3 direction 4 of
3 direction 11 was
4 of 5 loading
5 loading 6 at
5 loading 10 length
6 at 9 humerus
7 80 8 %
8 % 9 humerus
11 was 12 towards
11 was 23 to
12 towards 21 humerus
13 mediolateral 15 ,
13 mediolateral 21 humerus
16 likely 21 humerus
17 due 21 humerus
19 fixing 21 humerus
22 close 23 to
23 to 25 torso
24 the 25 torso

at 35 % the main direction of loading was towards anteroposterior plane [,] reflecting elbow flexing forces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 direction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 at 3 %
1 at 6 direction
2 35 3 %
4 the 5 main
4 the 6 direction
6 direction 7 of
6 direction 9 was
7 of 8 loading
9 was 10 towards
10 towards 17 forces
11 anteroposterior 16 flexing
12 plane 16 flexing
14 reflecting 16 flexing
15 elbow 16 flexing
16 flexing 17 forces

the principal direction of loading varied between populations , sides and sexes at 50 % humerus length due to preference [between] elbow and shoulder joint ; thus this location might be useful when trying to infer differences in activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 infer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 direction
2 principal 3 direction
3 direction 4 of
3 direction 9 ,
4 of 5 loading
5 loading 6 varied
5 loading 7 between
7 between 8 populations
9 , 22 elbow
9 , 23 and
10 sides 11 and
11 and 12 sexes
11 and 13 at
11 and 22 elbow
13 at 17 length
14 50 17 length
15 % 16 humerus
16 humerus 17 length
17 length 18 due
18 due 19 to
19 to 20 preference
23 and 25 joint
24 shoulder 25 joint
26 ; 27 thus
26 ; 31 be
27 thus 31 be
28 this 29 location
29 location 30 might
30 might 31 be
31 be 32 useful
32 useful 33 when
32 useful 35 to
32 useful 36 infer
33 when 34 trying
35 to 36 infer
36 infer 37 differences
36 infer 38 in
38 in 39 activity

these changes are likely due to overall shaft adaptation to forces acting at the humerus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 are
3 are 4 likely
4 likely 6 to
4 likely 10 to
5 due 6 to
6 to 9 adaptation
7 overall 8 shaft
8 shaft 9 adaptation
10 to 11 forces
11 forces 12 acting
12 acting 13 at
13 at 15 humerus
14 the 15 humerus

in addition , we found a potential [for] site - specific variation in cortical thickness ; cortical bone [at] muscle attachment sites was significantly thicker compared [to] [non] [-] attachment sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 found
5 found 9 site
6 a 7 potential
6 a 9 site
7 potential 9 site
9 site 12 variation
10 - 12 variation
11 specific 12 variation
12 variation 13 in
12 variation 16 ;
13 in 15 thickness
14 cortical 15 thickness
16 ; 20 muscle
16 ; 23 was
17 cortical 20 muscle
18 bone 20 muscle
20 muscle 21 attachment
20 muscle 22 sites
20 muscle 23 was
21 attachment 22 sites
23 was 24 significantly
23 was 31 sites
25 thicker 30 attachment
26 compared 30 attachment
30 attachment 31 sites

lastly , ca at 35 % of humerus length and cortical thickness at [non] [-] attachment sites decreased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 lastly 2 ,
1 lastly 10 and
3 ca 4 at
3 ca 10 and
4 at 6 %
5 35 6 %
6 % 7 of
7 of 9 length
8 humerus 9 length
10 and 12 thickness
10 and 13 at
10 and 18 decreased
11 cortical 12 thickness
13 at 17 sites
16 attachment 17 sites
18 decreased 19 with
19 with 20 age

these results underline the importance of muscle loading for bone mass preservation as well as [indicate] that a site - specific variation [of] [bone] [mass] is possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 underline
3 underline 5 importance
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
5 importance 8 loading
6 of 7 muscle
8 loading 9 for
8 loading 14 well
8 loading 15 as
8 loading 19 site
9 for 12 preservation
10 bone 12 preservation
11 mass 12 preservation
13 as 14 well
15 as 17 that
18 a 19 site
20 - 22 variation
20 - 26 is
20 - 28 .
21 specific 22 variation
22 variation 26 is
26 is 27 possible

changes in subsistence strategy have caused some of the profoundest changes to the structure and health of humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 5 have
2 in 4 strategy
3 subsistence 4 strategy
5 have 6 caused
6 caused 11 changes
6 caused 12 to
7 some 8 of
7 some 11 changes
8 of 11 changes
9 the 10 profoundest
9 the 11 changes
12 to 15 and
13 the 14 structure
14 structure 15 and
15 and 16 health
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 humans

this study aims to test whether these changes have reduced work - load as assessed by entheseal changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 test
4 to 5 test
5 test 6 whether
6 whether 8 changes
6 whether 10 reduced
7 these 8 changes
8 changes 9 have
9 have 10 reduced
10 reduced 11 work
12 - 13 load
12 - 19 .
13 load 15 assessed
13 load 16 by
14 as 15 assessed
16 by 18 changes
17 entheseal 18 changes

entheseal changes , formerly called musculoskeletal stress markers , are thought to reflect muscle usage throughout life , although it is widely agreed that they have a multifactorial origin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 thought
1 entheseal 2 changes
2 changes 5 called
2 changes 10 are
3 , 5 called
4 formerly 5 called
5 called 8 markers
5 called 9 ,
6 musculoskeletal 7 stress
7 stress 8 markers
10 are 11 thought
11 thought 12 to
11 thought 16 throughout
11 thought 19 although
12 to 13 reflect
13 reflect 15 usage
14 muscle 15 usage
16 throughout 17 life
18 , 19 although
19 although 20 it
19 although 23 agreed
19 although 30 .
20 it 21 is
21 is 22 widely
21 is 23 agreed
23 agreed 24 that
24 that 25 they
24 that 26 have
25 they 26 have
26 have 29 origin
27 a 29 origin
28 multifactorial 29 origin

this paper uses a meta - analysis of comparable published data to plot trends in time by muscle , enthesis type and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 uses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 uses
3 uses 7 analysis
3 uses 12 to
3 uses 13 plot
4 a 5 meta
4 a 7 analysis
5 meta 6 -
5 meta 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
8 of 11 data
9 comparable 11 data
10 published 11 data
12 to 13 plot
13 plot 14 trends
13 plot 15 in
13 plot 17 by
15 in 16 time
17 by 18 muscle
19 , 20 enthesis
19 , 22 and
20 enthesis 22 and
21 type 22 and
22 and 23 sex

the results show that agriculturalists have the lowest scores for entheseal changes , with hunte - gatherers next [highest] and [those] working in industry the highest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 agriculturalists
4 that 6 have
5 agriculturalists 6 have
6 have 8 lowest
7 the 8 lowest
8 lowest 20 and
9 scores 10 for
9 scores 17 gatherers
9 scores 18 next
9 scores 20 and
10 for 12 changes
11 entheseal 12 changes
12 changes 14 with
13 , 14 with
14 with 15 hunte
14 with 16 -
20 and 22 working
20 and 23 in
20 and 26 highest
23 in 24 industry
25 the 26 highest

these findings are the same for males and females , for most muscles and muscle groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 5 same
4 the 5 same
5 same 6 for
5 same 11 for
6 for 8 and
7 males 8 and
8 and 9 females
10 , 11 for
11 for 14 and
11 for 17 .
12 most 13 muscles
13 muscles 14 and
14 and 16 groups
15 muscle 16 groups

however , entheseal changes are highly correlated with increased age and the age distributions of the samples analysed could not be compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 changes
3 entheseal 4 changes
4 changes 5 are
5 are 6 highly
5 are 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
8 with 10 age
9 increased 10 age
11 and 14 distributions
11 and 22 compared
12 the 14 distributions
13 age 14 distributions
14 distributions 15 of
14 distributions 19 could
15 of 17 samples
16 the 17 samples
17 samples 18 analysed
19 could 20 not
19 could 21 be
21 be 22 compared

it is , therefore , possible that differences in age distribution of the samples are one of the reasons for this finding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 therefore
2 is 6 possible
3 , 4 therefore
4 therefore 5 ,
6 possible 7 that
7 that 8 differences
7 that 15 are
8 differences 9 in
8 differences 15 are
9 in 11 distribution
10 age 11 distribution
11 distribution 12 of
12 of 14 samples
13 the 14 samples
15 are 16 one
16 one 17 of
17 of 19 reasons
18 the 19 reasons
19 reasons 20 for
20 for 22 finding
21 this 22 finding

recommendations are provided to reduce this and other limitations for future meta - analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recommendations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 recommendations 2 are
2 are 3 provided
3 provided 4 to
4 to 5 reduce
5 reduce 7 and
6 this 7 and
7 and 9 limitations
7 and 10 for
8 other 9 limitations
10 for 14 analyses
11 future 14 analyses
12 meta 13 -
12 meta 14 analyses

this study aimed to create a thick hydroxyapatite ( ha ) film on the surface of a human tooth via a powder jet deposition ( pjd ) [device] for dental handpieces , and to [examine] the microstructural and mechanical properties of the ha film . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 create
4 to 5 create
5 create 12 film
5 create 13 on
5 create 20 via
5 create 33 and
6 a 7 thick
6 a 12 film
7 thick 12 film
8 hydroxyapatite 10 ha
8 hydroxyapatite 11 )
8 hydroxyapatite 12 film
9 ( 10 ha
10 ha 11 )
13 on 15 surface
14 the 15 surface
15 surface 16 of
16 of 19 tooth
17 a 19 tooth
18 human 19 tooth
20 via 24 deposition
21 a 22 powder
21 a 24 deposition
22 powder 23 jet
23 jet 24 deposition
24 deposition 26 pjd
25 ( 26 pjd
26 pjd 27 )
29 for 31 handpieces
29 for 33 and
30 dental 31 handpieces
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 to
34 to 40 properties
36 the 40 properties
37 microstructural 38 and
38 and 39 mechanical
38 and 40 properties
40 properties 41 of
41 of 44 film
42 the 44 film
43 ha 44 film

in particular , the effects of thermal stress on this film were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 5 effects
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 12 were
6 of 8 stress
7 thermal 8 stress
8 stress 9 on
9 on 11 film
10 this 11 film
12 were 13 evaluated

the ha film was created by blasting 3.18 [-] μm ha particles , calcinated at 1,200 °c , onto the enamel substrate at room temperature and atmospheric pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 film
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
1 the 3 film
2 ha 3 film
3 film 13 ,
4 was 5 created
4 was 13 ,
5 created 6 by
6 by 7 blasting
7 blasting 12 particles
8 3.18 10 μm
10 μm 12 particles
11 ha 12 particles
13 , 14 calcinated
13 , 15 at
13 , 19 onto
15 at 17 °c
16 1,200 17 °c
18 , 19 onto
19 onto 22 substrate
19 onto 29 .
20 the 22 substrate
21 enamel 22 substrate
22 substrate 23 at
23 at 26 and
24 room 25 temperature
25 temperature 26 and
26 and 28 pressure
27 atmospheric 28 pressure

an ha film with an area of 3 mm × 3 [mm] was prepared and polished . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 film
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 an 3 film
2 ha 3 film
3 film 4 with
3 film 13 was
4 with 6 area
5 an 6 area
6 area 7 of
7 of 10 ×
8 3 9 mm
9 mm 10 ×
10 × 11 3
13 was 15 and
14 prepared 15 and
15 and 16 polished

the following ha film parameters were evaluated from the three - dimensional surface profile : surface roughness , vickers hardness , and bonding strength before and after artificial aging induced by 500 cycles of thermal cycling ( 5 - 55 °c ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 5 parameters
2 following 5 parameters
3 ha 4 film
4 film 5 parameters
5 parameters 6 were
6 were 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 from
8 from 10 three
9 the 10 three
10 three 14 profile
11 - 14 profile
12 dimensional 13 surface
13 surface 14 profile
14 profile 15 :
15 : 22 and
16 surface 17 roughness
17 roughness 18 ,
18 , 20 hardness
18 , 22 and
19 vickers 20 hardness
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 strength
22 and 26 and
22 and 30 induced
22 and 34 of
23 bonding 24 strength
25 before 26 and
26 and 27 after
27 after 29 aging
28 artificial 29 aging
30 induced 31 by
31 by 33 cycles
32 500 33 cycles
34 of 36 cycling
35 thermal 36 cycling
36 cycling 38 5
36 cycling 41 °c
37 ( 38 5
38 5 39 -
39 - 41 °c
40 55 41 °c
41 °c 42 )

the ha particles in the deposited film were densely packed , and the surface of the ha film was unchanged after thermal cycling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 particles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 packed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 particles
2 ha 3 particles
3 particles 4 in
3 particles 8 were
4 in 7 film
5 the 7 film
6 deposited 7 film
8 were 9 densely
8 were 10 packed
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 surface
12 and 19 was
13 the 14 surface
14 surface 15 of
14 surface 19 was
15 of 18 film
16 the 18 film
17 ha 18 film
19 was 20 unchanged
20 unchanged 21 after
21 after 23 cycling
22 thermal 23 cycling

there were also no significant differences in the hardness and the bonding strength of the ha film before and after thermal cycling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 3 also
2 were 6 differences
2 were 7 in
4 no 6 differences
5 significant 6 differences
7 in 10 and
8 the 9 hardness
9 hardness 10 and
10 and 13 strength
10 and 14 of
11 the 13 strength
12 bonding 13 strength
14 of 17 film
15 the 17 film
16 ha 17 film
17 film 19 and
18 before 19 and
19 and 20 after
20 after 22 cycling
21 thermal 22 cycling

the ha film created in this study demonstrated excellent microstructural and mechanical properties , even after the application of thermal stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 film
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 film
2 ha 3 film
3 film 4 created
3 film 8 demonstrated
4 created 5 in
5 in 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 demonstrated 13 properties
9 excellent 13 properties
10 microstructural 11 and
11 and 12 mechanical
11 and 13 properties
14 , 15 even
15 even 16 after
16 after 18 application
17 the 18 application
18 application 19 of
19 of 21 stress
20 thermal 21 stress

in an aging society , research involving neurodegenerative disorders is of paramount importance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 4 society
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 research
2 an 4 society
3 aging 4 society
6 research 7 involving
6 research 10 is
7 involving 9 disorders
8 neurodegenerative 9 disorders
10 is 11 of
11 of 13 importance
12 paramount 13 importance

over the past few years , research on alzheimer ['s] and parkinson 's diseases has made tremendous progress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 over 5 years
1 over 6 ,
1 over 7 research
2 the 3 past
2 the 4 few
4 few 5 years
7 research 8 on
7 research 15 has
8 on 11 and
9 alzheimer 11 and
11 and 14 diseases
12 parkinson 13 's
13 's 14 diseases
15 has 16 made
16 made 18 progress
17 tremendous 18 progress

experimental studies , however , rely mostly on transgenic animal models , preferentially using mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rely
1 experimental 2 studies
2 studies 6 rely
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 rely
6 rely 7 mostly
7 mostly 8 on
8 on 11 models
9 transgenic 10 animal
10 animal 11 models
11 models 14 using
12 , 14 using
13 preferentially 14 using
14 using 15 mice
14 using 16 .

although experiments on mice have enormous advantages , they also have some inherent limitations , some of which can be overcome by the use of drosophila [melanogaster] as an experimental animal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 2 experiments
1 although 5 have
1 although 8 ,
1 although 9 they
2 experiments 3 on
2 experiments 5 have
3 on 4 mice
5 have 7 advantages
6 enormous 7 advantages
9 they 11 have
10 also 11 have
11 have 14 limitations
12 some 14 limitations
13 inherent 14 limitations
15 , 16 some
15 , 21 overcome
16 some 17 of
16 some 19 can
17 of 18 which
19 can 20 be
20 be 21 overcome
21 overcome 22 by
21 overcome 28 as
22 by 24 use
23 the 24 use
24 use 25 of
25 of 26 drosophila
28 as 31 animal
29 an 30 experimental
29 an 31 animal
30 experimental 31 animal

among the major advantages of using the fly is its small genome , which can also be modified very easily . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 among
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 among 4 advantages
1 among 9 is
2 the 4 advantages
3 major 4 advantages
4 advantages 5 of
5 of 6 using
6 using 8 fly
7 the 8 fly
9 is 12 genome
10 its 12 genome
11 small 12 genome
13 , 14 which
13 , 18 modified
14 which 15 can
15 can 17 be
16 also 17 be
17 be 18 modified
18 modified 20 easily
19 very 20 easily

the fact that its genome lends itself to diverse alterations ( [e] [.] [g] [.] mutagenesis , transposons ) has made the fly a useful organism to perform large - [scale] and genome - wide screening approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 -
1 the 2 fact
2 fact 3 that
2 fact 6 lends
2 fact 18 transposons
2 fact 20 has
3 that 5 genome
3 that 6 lends
4 its 5 genome
5 genome 6 lends
6 lends 7 itself
6 lends 8 to
8 to 10 alterations
9 diverse 10 alterations
10 alterations 16 mutagenesis
11 ( 16 mutagenesis
16 mutagenesis 17 ,
17 , 18 transposons
18 transposons 19 )
20 has 21 made
21 made 23 fly
21 made 26 organism
21 made 27 to
22 the 23 fly
24 a 26 organism
25 useful 26 organism
27 to 28 perform
28 perform 32 and
29 large 32 and
30 - 32 and
32 and 33 genome
34 - 37 approaches
34 - 38 .
35 wide 37 approaches
36 screening 37 approaches

this has opened up an entirely new field of experimental research aiming to elucidate genetic interactions and screen for modifiers of disease processes in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 opened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 has
2 has 3 opened
3 opened 4 up
3 opened 8 field
3 opened 19 for
3 opened 25 vivo
5 an 6 entirely
5 an 8 field
6 entirely 7 new
7 new 8 field
8 field 9 of
8 field 12 aiming
9 of 11 research
10 experimental 11 research
12 aiming 13 to
12 aiming 17 and
13 to 17 and
14 elucidate 16 interactions
14 elucidate 17 and
15 genetic 16 interactions
17 and 18 screen
19 for 20 modifiers
20 modifiers 21 of
21 of 23 processes
22 disease 23 processes
24 in 25 vivo

here , we provide a brief overview of how flies can be used to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying human neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 7 overview
5 a 7 overview
6 brief 7 overview
7 overview 8 of
8 of 9 how
9 how 10 flies
9 how 13 used
10 flies 11 can
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 used
13 used 14 to
13 used 15 analyze
14 to 15 analyze
15 analyze 17 mechanisms
16 molecular 17 mechanisms
17 mechanisms 18 underlying
18 underlying 21 diseases
19 human 21 diseases
20 neurodegenerative 21 diseases

this discussion paper identifies four core factors currently impeding the application of the dignity of risk principle in residential aged care settings in victoria , [australia] [:] the fluctuating decision - making ability of residents [;] multiple participants in decision [-] making [;] discordance between espoused values and actions [;] and confusion and fear around legal responsibilities of care providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identifies
1 this 3 paper
2 discussion 3 paper
3 paper 4 identifies
4 identifies 7 factors
5 four 6 core
6 core 7 factors
7 factors 9 impeding
8 currently 9 impeding
9 impeding 11 application
9 impeding 18 in
10 the 11 application
11 application 12 of
12 of 14 dignity
13 the 14 dignity
14 dignity 15 of
15 of 17 principle
16 risk 17 principle
18 in 22 settings
19 residential 22 settings
20 aged 22 settings
21 care 22 settings
22 settings 23 in
22 settings 32 making
23 in 24 victoria
24 victoria 30 decision
25 , 30 decision
28 the 30 decision
29 fluctuating 30 decision
30 decision 31 -
32 making 33 ability
33 ability 34 of
33 ability 45 between
34 of 38 participants
35 residents 38 participants
37 multiple 38 participants
38 participants 39 in
39 in 44 discordance
40 decision 44 discordance
42 making 44 discordance
45 between 53 and
46 espoused 47 values
47 values 48 and
48 and 49 actions
48 and 51 and
51 and 52 confusion
51 and 53 and
53 and 54 fear
53 and 61 .
54 fear 55 around
54 fear 58 of
55 around 57 responsibilities
56 legal 57 responsibilities
58 of 60 providers
59 care 60 providers

potential solutions identified include a conceptual shift in approach [and] consensus between key stakeholders , as well as more tangible solutions such as education and point - of [-] care decision support tools . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 solutions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 include
1 potential 2 solutions
2 solutions 3 identified
2 solutions 4 include
4 include 7 shift
4 include 8 in
4 include 12 between
4 include 16 as
5 a 6 conceptual
5 a 7 shift
6 conceptual 7 shift
8 in 11 consensus
9 approach 11 consensus
12 between 14 stakeholders
13 key 14 stakeholders
15 , 16 as
16 as 25 and
16 as 34 .
17 well 18 as
17 well 23 as
17 well 25 and
18 as 21 solutions
19 more 20 tangible
20 tangible 21 solutions
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 education
25 and 26 point
25 and 28 of
27 - 28 of
28 of 33 tools
28 of 34 .
30 care 32 support
31 decision 32 support
32 support 33 tools

aim : to investigate processes at the end of life for patients who died in a subacute evaluation and management facility for older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 5 processes
4 investigate 6 at
4 investigate 15 in
6 at 8 end
7 the 8 end
8 end 9 of
9 of 10 life
10 life 11 for
11 for 12 patients
12 patients 13 who
12 patients 14 died
13 who 14 died
15 in 19 and
16 a 17 subacute
16 a 18 evaluation
17 subacute 18 evaluation
18 evaluation 19 and
19 and 21 facility
19 and 22 for
20 management 21 facility
22 for 24 people
23 older 24 people

methods : a retrospective chart audit for patients ( n = 55 ) who died in the previous 2 years was undertaken , recording a number of significant variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 audit
2 : 22 undertaken
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 6 audit
4 retrospective 5 chart
5 chart 6 audit
6 audit 7 for
6 audit 14 who
6 audit 15 died
6 audit 21 was
7 for 8 patients
8 patients 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 55
11 = 13 )
14 who 15 died
15 died 16 in
16 in 20 years
17 the 18 previous
17 the 19 2
19 2 20 years
21 was 22 undertaken
22 undertaken 24 recording
23 , 24 recording
24 recording 29 variables
24 recording 30 .
25 a 26 number
26 number 27 of
26 number 29 variables
27 of 29 variables
28 significant 29 variables

results : despite diagnosis of comorbid medical conditions , most participants were admitted for improved functioning or assessment for alternative accommodation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 most
2 : 15 improved
2 : 22 .
3 despite 4 diagnosis
3 despite 9 ,
3 despite 10 most
4 diagnosis 5 of
5 of 8 conditions
6 comorbid 8 conditions
7 medical 8 conditions
10 most 11 participants
10 most 14 for
10 most 15 improved
11 participants 12 were
12 were 13 admitted
13 admitted 14 for
15 improved 17 or
16 functioning 17 or
17 or 18 assessment
17 or 19 for
19 for 21 accommodation
20 alternative 21 accommodation

consistent with this focus , the key contact person was most often an allied health team member . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 person
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 5 ,
1 consistent 9 person
2 with 4 focus
3 this 4 focus
6 the 9 person
7 key 9 person
8 contact 9 person
9 person 10 was
10 was 12 often
10 was 17 member
11 most 12 often
13 an 17 member
14 allied 15 health
15 health 17 member
16 team 17 member

not for resuscitation order [and/or] power of attorney documents on admission were uncommon ( < 30 % ) [as] [were] referrals to palliative care specialist staff ( 13 % ) , [although] an end - of [-] life discussion was recorded [(] 90 % [ )(and often included as a new goal of care ( 71 % [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resuscitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
1 not 2 for
1 not 3 resuscitation
3 resuscitation 6 power
3 resuscitation 9 documents
3 resuscitation 12 were
4 order 6 power
6 power 7 of
6 power 9 documents
7 of 8 attorney
9 documents 10 on
10 on 11 admission
12 were 21 referrals
13 uncommon 17 %
13 uncommon 21 referrals
14 ( 17 %
15 < 16 30
16 30 17 %
17 % 18 )
21 referrals 22 to
22 to 26 staff
23 palliative 26 staff
24 care 25 specialist
25 specialist 26 staff
26 staff 29 %
26 staff 34 end
26 staff 36 of
27 ( 29 %
28 13 29 %
29 % 30 )
31 , 34 end
33 an 34 end
34 end 35 -
36 of 38 life
38 life 39 discussion
38 life 46 )(and
39 discussion 40 was
40 was 46 )(and
41 recorded 44 %
41 recorded 46 )(and
43 90 44 %
46 )(and 48 included
46 )(and 49 as
47 often 48 included
49 as 52 goal
50 a 52 goal
51 new 52 goal
52 goal 53 of
53 of 54 care
54 care 57 %
55 ( 57 %
56 71 57 %
57 % 59 )(

conclusion : factors likely to improve end - of [-] life care include advance care planning , earlier recognition [of] short prognosis and staff education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 factors
2 : 7 end
2 : 8 -
3 factors 4 likely
3 factors 7 end
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 6 improve
5 to 6 improve
8 - 13 include
8 - 26 .
9 of 12 care
9 of 13 include
11 life 12 care
13 include 23 and
14 advance 16 planning
15 care 16 planning
16 planning 17 ,
17 , 22 prognosis
17 , 23 and
18 earlier 19 recognition
19 recognition 21 short
21 short 22 prognosis
23 and 25 education
24 staff 25 education

aim : to quantify the size and scope of the operational burden for a large ambulance service arising from older people who have fallen and to describe this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 quantify
2 : 30 .
3 to 4 quantify
4 quantify 7 and
4 quantify 19 from
5 the 6 size
6 size 7 and
7 and 8 scope
7 and 9 of
9 of 12 burden
10 the 12 burden
11 operational 12 burden
12 burden 13 for
13 for 17 service
14 a 15 large
14 a 17 service
15 large 16 ambulance
16 ambulance 17 service
17 service 18 arising
19 from 21 people
20 older 21 people
21 people 22 who
21 people 25 and
22 who 25 and
23 have 24 fallen
23 have 25 and
25 and 26 to
25 and 27 describe
26 to 27 describe
27 describe 29 population
28 this 29 population

methods : retrospective analysis of ambulance records from new south wales , australia for emergency calls classified [as] ['] falls ['] in the period 1 july 2008 to 30 june 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
3 retrospective 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
4 analysis 8 from
5 of 7 records
6 ambulance 7 records
8 from 11 wales
9 new 10 south
10 south 11 wales
12 , 13 australia
12 , 20 falls
13 australia 14 for
13 australia 17 classified
13 australia 20 falls
14 for 16 calls
15 emergency 16 calls
20 falls 22 in
20 falls 26 july
20 falls 28 to
22 in 24 period
23 the 24 period
25 1 26 july
26 july 27 2008
28 to 30 june
29 30 30 june
30 june 31 2009

results : there were 42 331 responses to people aged 65 years or older , constituting 5.1 % of total emergency workload . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
3 there 4 were
4 were 7 responses
4 were 13 or
5 42 7 responses
6 331 7 responses
7 responses 8 to
7 responses 10 aged
8 to 9 people
10 aged 11 65
12 years 13 or
13 or 14 older
14 older 16 constituting
15 , 16 constituting
16 constituting 18 %
16 constituting 23 .
17 5.1 18 %
18 % 19 of
19 of 22 workload
20 total 21 emergency
21 emergency 22 workload

the median age of patients was 83 ( interquartile range 76 - 87 ) and 62 % were women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 age
2 median 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 6 was
4 of 5 patients
6 was 7 83
7 83 10 range
8 ( 10 range
9 interquartile 10 range
10 range 12 -
10 range 14 )
11 76 12 -
12 - 13 87
15 and 17 %
15 and 18 were
16 62 17 %
17 % 18 were
18 were 19 women

the transport rate was 76 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 3 rate
2 transport 3 rate
3 rate 4 was
4 was 6 %
5 76 6 %

transport to hospital was more likely during the day [(] odds ratio [(] or [ )(1.8 , 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) [1.7] - 1.9 [ )( on weekends ( or 1.06 , 95%ci 1.0 - 1.1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 transport
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
1 transport 2 to
1 transport 4 was
2 to 3 hospital
4 was 5 more
4 was 6 likely
6 likely 7 during
7 during 14 or
8 the 12 ratio
9 day 12 ratio
11 odds 12 ratio
12 ratio 14 or
14 or 16 )(1.8
14 or 26 -
17 , 26 -
18 95 21 interval
19 % 20 confidence
20 confidence 21 interval
21 interval 23 ci
21 interval 26 -
22 ( 23 ci
23 ci 24 )
26 - 27 1.9
27 1.9 30 on
30 on 31 weekends
31 weekends 33 or
32 ( 33 or
33 or 34 1.06
33 or 36 95%ci
33 or 41 .
35 , 36 95%ci
36 95%ci 38 -
36 95%ci 40 )
37 1.0 38 -
38 - 39 1.1

conclusion : [falls] by older people constitute approximately 5 % of all emergency responses , of which one quarter are not transported to emergency [department] ( ed ) after paramedic assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 7 constitute
4 by 6 people
4 by 7 constitute
5 older 6 people
7 constitute 10 %
7 constitute 29 after
8 approximately 9 5
9 5 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 14 responses
12 all 14 responses
13 emergency 14 responses
14 responses 16 of
15 , 16 of
16 of 17 which
16 of 28 )
17 which 19 quarter
17 which 20 are
18 one 19 quarter
19 quarter 20 are
20 are 21 not
20 are 23 to
21 not 22 transported
23 to 24 emergency
24 emergency 27 ed
26 ( 27 ed
27 ed 28 )
29 after 31 assessment
30 paramedic 31 assessment

increasing the sophistication of ambulance dispatch processes to older people who have fallen , and continuing with the development of new models of care aimed at decreasing unnecessary transports to the eds , should be a priority when planning ambulance service delivery for older people who have fallen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 increasing 15 and
1 increasing 17 with
1 increasing 33 ,
2 the 3 sophistication
3 sophistication 4 of
3 sophistication 8 to
3 sophistication 15 and
4 of 7 processes
5 ambulance 6 dispatch
6 dispatch 7 processes
8 to 10 people
9 older 10 people
10 people 11 who
10 people 12 have
11 who 12 have
12 have 13 fallen
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 continuing
17 with 19 development
18 the 19 development
19 development 20 of
19 development 23 of
20 of 22 models
21 new 22 models
23 of 24 care
25 aimed 26 at
25 aimed 33 ,
26 at 27 decreasing
27 decreasing 29 transports
27 decreasing 30 to
28 unnecessary 29 transports
30 to 32 eds
31 the 32 eds
33 , 34 should
33 , 38 when
33 , 43 for
34 should 35 be
35 be 37 priority
36 a 37 priority
38 when 39 planning
39 planning 42 delivery
40 ambulance 41 service
41 service 42 delivery
43 for 45 people
44 older 45 people
45 people 46 who
45 people 47 have
46 who 47 have
47 have 48 fallen

aims [:] ( 1 ) [to] identify factors that older adults find encouraging or discouraging about the prospect of relocation to a retirement village [;] [and] ( 2 ) to identify features or facilities often associated with retirement communities that are most appealing to prospective residents [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identify
1 aims 4 1
1 aims 7 identify
3 ( 4 1
4 1 5 )
7 identify 8 factors
8 factors 9 that
8 factors 12 find
9 that 11 adults
9 that 12 find
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 find
12 find 14 or
12 find 16 about
13 encouraging 14 or
14 or 15 discouraging
16 about 18 prospect
17 the 18 prospect
18 prospect 19 of
19 of 20 relocation
20 relocation 21 to
20 relocation 30 to
20 relocation 31 identify
21 to 24 village
22 a 23 retirement
22 a 24 village
23 retirement 24 village
24 village 28 2
27 ( 28 2
28 2 29 )
30 to 31 identify
31 identify 33 or
32 features 33 or
33 or 34 facilities
33 or 36 associated
33 or 37 with
33 or 40 that
33 or 41 are
35 often 36 associated
37 with 39 communities
38 retirement 39 communities
40 that 41 are
41 are 42 most
41 are 43 appealing
43 appealing 44 to
44 to 46 residents
45 prospective 46 residents

method : randomly selected community residents ( n = 517 ) , aged 55 - 94 years , from the australian capital territory completed postal surveys to identify the characteristics associated with retirement villages that influence relocation decisions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 12 ,
3 randomly 4 selected
4 selected 6 residents
4 selected 9 =
4 selected 12 ,
5 community 6 residents
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 517
9 = 11 )
12 , 13 aged
13 aged 17 years
14 55 15 -
15 - 16 94
15 - 17 years
18 , 23 territory
18 , 28 identify
19 from 21 australian
19 from 23 territory
20 the 21 australian
22 capital 23 territory
23 territory 24 completed
24 completed 26 surveys
24 completed 27 to
25 postal 26 surveys
27 to 28 identify
28 identify 30 characteristics
28 identify 32 with
29 the 30 characteristics
30 characteristics 31 associated
32 with 34 villages
33 retirement 34 villages
34 villages 35 that
34 villages 36 influence
35 that 36 influence
36 influence 38 decisions
37 relocation 38 decisions

results : the provision of outdoor living areas , support in maintaining independence , assisted living facilities and accessibility to medical facilities were identified as factors that would encourage relocation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 provision
3 the 4 provision
4 provision 5 of
5 of 8 areas
6 outdoor 8 areas
7 living 8 areas
9 , 10 support
10 support 11 in
10 support 25 as
10 support 30 relocation
11 in 12 maintaining
12 maintaining 18 and
12 maintaining 24 identified
13 independence 14 ,
14 , 17 facilities
14 , 18 and
15 assisted 16 living
16 living 17 facilities
18 and 19 accessibility
18 and 20 to
18 and 23 were
20 to 22 facilities
21 medical 22 facilities
23 were 24 identified
25 as 26 factors
26 factors 27 that
26 factors 29 encourage
27 that 28 would
28 would 29 encourage

luxury services ( e.g [.] heated swimming pools ) were indicated as least likely to encourage relocation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 services
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 luxury 2 services
2 services 4 e.g
2 services 10 were
3 ( 4 e.g
4 e.g 6 heated
4 e.g 7 swimming
4 e.g 9 )
7 swimming 8 pools
10 were 11 indicated
11 indicated 12 as
12 as 15 to
13 least 14 likely
14 likely 15 to
15 to 16 encourage
16 encourage 17 relocation

negative perceptions most influential in discouraging relocation reflected a fear of losing independence and privacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 perceptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 negative 2 perceptions
2 perceptions 4 influential
2 perceptions 8 reflected
3 most 4 influential
4 influential 5 in
5 in 6 discouraging
6 discouraging 7 relocation
8 reflected 10 fear
9 a 10 fear
10 fear 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 losing 13 independence
13 independence 14 and
14 and 15 privacy

conclusions : through identifying the expectations of prospective residents , retirement village providers may better tailor facilities to the needs of their target demographic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 through
3 through 4 identifying
4 identifying 6 expectations
5 the 6 expectations
6 expectations 7 of
7 of 9 residents
8 prospective 9 residents
10 , 13 providers
10 , 16 tailor
11 retirement 13 providers
12 village 13 providers
13 providers 14 may
14 may 16 tailor
15 better 16 tailor
16 tailor 17 facilities
16 tailor 18 to
18 to 20 needs
19 the 20 needs
20 needs 21 of
21 of 24 demographic
22 their 24 demographic
23 target 24 demographic

aim : the purpose of this paper is to explore the immigrant experiences of older korean people and their intergenerational family relationships in the new zealand context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 is
2 : 28 .
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 is
5 of 7 paper
6 this 7 paper
8 is 9 to
9 to 10 explore
10 explore 13 experiences
10 explore 23 in
11 the 13 experiences
12 immigrant 13 experiences
13 experiences 14 of
14 of 18 and
15 older 16 korean
16 korean 17 people
17 people 18 and
18 and 22 relationships
19 their 22 relationships
20 intergenerational 21 family
21 family 22 relationships
23 in 27 context
24 the 27 context
25 new 26 zealand
26 zealand 27 context

methods : data were collected from qualitative interviews with older people , community leaders and professionals in christchurch and auckland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 were
2 : 21 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 collected
5 collected 6 from
5 collected 9 with
5 collected 17 in
6 from 8 interviews
7 qualitative 8 interviews
9 with 15 and
10 older 11 people
11 people 12 ,
12 , 14 leaders
12 , 15 and
13 community 14 leaders
15 and 16 professionals
17 in 20 auckland
18 christchurch 19 and
19 and 20 auckland

data analysis was conducted using concept mapping techniques in the cross - cultural context where two languages were simultaneously used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 data 2 analysis
1 data 3 was
1 data 4 conducted
2 analysis 3 was
4 conducted 5 using
4 conducted 9 in
5 using 8 techniques
6 concept 8 techniques
7 mapping 8 techniques
9 in 11 cross
10 the 11 cross
12 - 14 context
13 cultural 14 context
14 context 15 where
15 where 17 languages
15 where 20 used
16 two 17 languages
17 languages 18 were
18 were 19 simultaneously
18 were 20 used

results : the findings of the study show that older korean people in new zealand were likely to face multiple challenges due to the combined effects of immigration and ageing in a new country . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 29 and
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 of
4 findings 17 likely
4 findings 29 and
5 of 8 show
6 the 8 show
7 study 8 show
8 show 9 that
8 show 16 were
9 that 12 people
9 that 16 were
10 older 11 korean
11 korean 12 people
12 people 13 in
12 people 16 were
13 in 15 zealand
14 new 15 zealand
17 likely 18 to
17 likely 23 to
18 to 19 face
19 face 21 challenges
20 multiple 21 challenges
22 due 23 to
23 to 26 effects
24 the 26 effects
25 combined 26 effects
26 effects 27 of
27 of 28 immigration
29 and 30 ageing
29 and 31 in
31 in 34 country
32 a 33 new
32 a 34 country
33 new 34 country

some older people experienced difficulties in managing their immigrant lives and intergenerational relationships in the transnational family context in which their family members were dispersed across two or more nations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 experienced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 some 3 people
2 older 3 people
3 people 4 experienced
4 experienced 5 difficulties
4 experienced 14 in
5 difficulties 6 in
6 in 7 managing
7 managing 11 and
8 their 10 lives
9 immigrant 10 lives
10 lives 11 and
11 and 13 relationships
12 intergenerational 13 relationships
14 in 28 or
15 the 18 context
16 transnational 18 context
17 family 18 context
18 context 19 in
18 context 28 or
19 in 20 which
19 in 23 members
19 in 25 dispersed
21 their 23 members
22 family 23 members
23 members 24 were
24 were 25 dispersed
25 dispersed 26 across
26 across 27 two
28 or 30 nations
29 more 30 nations

conclusion : the immigrant experiences of older migrants might be affected by an ['] invisible ['] source of isolation and exclusion at familial , community , societal and transnational levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 5 experiences
2 : 11 affected
3 the 5 experiences
4 immigrant 5 experiences
5 experiences 6 of
5 experiences 9 might
6 of 8 migrants
7 older 8 migrants
9 might 10 be
10 be 11 affected
11 affected 12 by
11 affected 22 at
12 by 17 source
13 an 17 source
15 invisible 17 source
17 source 18 of
18 of 20 and
19 isolation 20 and
20 and 21 exclusion
22 at 28 and
23 familial 24 ,
24 , 25 community
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 societal
26 , 28 and
28 and 30 levels
29 transnational 30 levels

aim : to review the evidence regarding [non] - transported older people who have fallen in relation [to] [non] - transportation rates , outcomes and impact of alternate care pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 review
2 : 20 -
3 to 4 review
4 review 7 regarding
5 the 7 regarding
6 evidence 7 regarding
7 regarding 12 people
9 - 12 people
10 transported 12 people
11 older 12 people
12 people 13 who
12 people 14 have
12 people 20 -
13 who 14 have
14 have 15 fallen
15 fallen 16 in
16 in 17 relation
20 - 25 and
21 transportation 22 rates
22 rates 23 ,
23 , 24 outcomes
23 , 25 and
25 and 26 impact
26 impact 27 of
27 of 30 pathways
28 alternate 29 care
29 care 30 pathways

method : electronic databases and reference lists of included studies ( up to december 2011 ) were systematically searched . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 4 databases
3 electronic 4 databases
5 and 7 lists
5 and 19 searched
6 reference 7 lists
7 lists 8 of
7 lists 17 were
8 of 10 studies
9 included 10 studies
10 studies 12 up
11 ( 12 up
12 up 13 to
12 up 16 )
13 to 14 december
14 december 15 2011
17 were 18 systematically
17 were 19 searched

studies were eligible if they included data on [non] [-] transportation rates , information on outcomes or alternate care pathways for older people who have fallen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 studies 2 were
2 were 3 eligible
3 eligible 4 if
3 eligible 8 on
4 if 5 they
4 if 6 included
5 they 6 included
6 included 7 data
8 on 17 or
11 transportation 12 rates
12 rates 13 ,
13 , 14 information
13 , 17 or
14 information 15 on
15 on 16 outcomes
17 or 20 pathways
17 or 21 for
18 alternate 20 pathways
19 care 20 pathways
21 for 23 people
22 older 23 people
23 people 24 who
23 people 25 have
24 who 25 have
25 have 26 fallen

results : twelve studies were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 6 included
2 : 7 .
3 twelve 4 studies
4 studies 5 were
5 were 6 included

[non] - transportation rates following a fall ranged from 11 % to 56 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 - 4 rates
3 transportation 4 rates
4 rates 5 following
4 rates 8 ranged
5 following 7 fall
6 a 7 fall
8 ranged 9 from
8 ranged 12 to
9 from 11 %
10 11 11 %
12 to 14 %
13 56 14 %

up to 49 % of [non] [-] transported people who have fallen had unplanned health - care contact within 28 days of the initial incident . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 up 2 to
2 to 3 49
3 49 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 13 had
5 of 9 people
8 transported 9 people
9 people 10 who
9 people 11 have
10 who 11 have
11 have 12 fallen
13 had 15 health
14 unplanned 15 health
16 - 18 contact
17 care 18 contact
18 contact 19 within
19 within 21 days
20 28 21 days
21 days 22 of
22 of 25 incident
23 the 25 incident
24 initial 25 incident

attendance by specially trained paramedics and individualised multifactorial interventions significantly reduced adverse events including subsequent [falls] , emergency ambulance calls , emergency department attendance and hospital admission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 attendance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 attendance 2 by
1 attendance 11 reduced
2 by 6 and
3 specially 4 trained
4 trained 5 paramedics
4 trained 6 and
6 and 7 individualised
7 individualised 9 interventions
7 individualised 10 significantly
8 multifactorial 9 interventions
11 reduced 13 events
12 adverse 13 events
13 events 14 including
14 including 20 calls
15 subsequent 17 ,
15 subsequent 18 emergency
18 emergency 20 calls
19 ambulance 20 calls
21 , 25 and
22 emergency 23 department
23 department 24 attendance
24 attendance 25 and
25 and 27 admission
26 hospital 27 admission

conclusion : limited but promising evidence shows that appropriate interventions can improve health outcomes of [non] - transported older people who have fallen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 limited
3 limited 4 but
4 but 5 promising
5 promising 7 shows
6 evidence 7 shows
7 shows 8 that
7 shows 15 of
8 that 10 interventions
8 that 12 improve
9 appropriate 10 interventions
10 interventions 11 can
11 can 12 improve
12 improve 14 outcomes
13 health 14 outcomes
14 outcomes 15 of
17 - 20 people
18 transported 20 people
19 older 20 people
20 people 21 who
20 people 22 have
21 who 22 have
22 have 23 fallen

further studies are needed to explore alternate care pathways and promote more efficient use of health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 10 and
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 6 explore
4 needed 10 and
5 to 6 explore
6 explore 9 pathways
7 alternate 9 pathways
8 care 9 pathways
10 and 11 promote
11 promote 14 use
12 more 13 efficient
13 efficient 14 use
14 use 15 of
15 of 17 services
16 health 17 services

the images were then analyzed with 3dste software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 images
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 images
2 images 3 were
3 were 4 then
3 were 5 analyzed
5 analyzed 6 with
6 with 8 software
7 3dste 8 software

compared with the young adult and middle - aged groups , elderly adults demonstrated lower gls , grs , gcs , and gat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 lower
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 11 ,
1 compared 13 adults
2 with 6 and
3 the 5 adult
4 young 5 adult
5 adult 6 and
6 and 7 middle
6 and 10 groups
8 - 10 groups
9 aged 10 groups
10 groups 11 ,
12 elderly 13 adults
13 adults 14 demonstrated
13 adults 15 lower
15 lower 23 gat
16 gls 18 grs
17 , 18 grs
18 grs 19 ,
18 grs 20 gcs
19 , 20 gcs
20 gcs 21 ,
20 gcs 22 and
22 and 23 gat
23 gat 24 .

significant differences were not noted in gls , grs , and gcs between the young adult and middle - aged groups ; however , the gat of the middle [-] aged group was lower than that of the young adult group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 significant 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 in
3 were 13 between
4 not 5 noted
6 in 11 and
7 gls 8 ,
8 , 9 grs
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 gcs
13 between 17 and
14 the 16 adult
15 young 16 adult
16 adult 17 and
17 and 18 middle
17 and 19 -
19 - 21 groups
19 - 22 ;
19 - 42 .
20 aged 21 groups
22 ; 26 gat
23 however 24 ,
23 however 26 gat
25 the 26 gat
26 gat 27 of
26 gat 33 was
27 of 32 group
28 the 32 group
29 middle 31 aged
31 aged 32 group
33 was 34 lower
34 lower 35 than
35 than 36 that
35 than 37 of
37 of 41 group
38 the 41 group
39 young 40 adult
40 adult 41 group

the longitudinal strain ( ls [ )(, radial strain ( rs ) , and area tracking [(] at ) of 16 lv segments of the young adult group decreased gradually in level from the mitral valve to the apex , [and] increased in circular strain ( cs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 strain
2 longitudinal 3 strain
3 strain 14 and
3 strain 42 increased
4 ( 14 and
5 ls 9 strain
5 ls 14 and
7 )(, 9 strain
8 radial 9 strain
9 strain 11 rs
9 strain 13 ,
10 ( 11 rs
11 rs 12 )
14 and 15 area
14 and 19 )
14 and 20 of
14 and 24 of
14 and 40 ,
15 area 16 tracking
16 tracking 18 at
20 of 21 16
21 16 22 lv
21 16 23 segments
22 lv 23 segments
24 of 28 group
25 the 28 group
26 young 27 adult
27 adult 28 group
28 group 29 decreased
29 decreased 30 gradually
29 decreased 31 in
29 decreased 33 from
29 decreased 37 to
31 in 32 level
33 from 36 valve
34 the 36 valve
35 mitral 36 valve
37 to 39 apex
38 the 39 apex
42 increased 43 in
43 in 45 strain
44 circular 45 strain
45 strain 47 cs
46 ( 47 cs
47 cs 48 )

the ls , rs , cs , and at of the middle - aged group also decreased gradually . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 15 group
2 ls 8 and
2 ls 14 aged
3 , 8 and
4 rs 5 ,
5 , 6 cs
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 at
8 and 10 of
8 and 13 -
10 of 12 middle
11 the 12 middle
14 aged 15 group
15 group 17 decreased
16 also 17 decreased
17 decreased 18 gradually

the ls , rs , cs , and at of the elderly people were [highest] from the mitral valve to the apex level and lowest at the papillary muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 ls
2 ls 3 ,
3 , 4 rs
3 , 5 ,
5 , 6 cs
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 at
8 and 10 of
8 and 14 were
10 of 13 people
11 the 13 people
12 elderly 13 people
14 were 16 from
14 were 20 to
14 were 24 and
14 were 26 at
16 from 19 valve
17 the 19 valve
18 mitral 19 valve
20 to 22 apex
21 the 22 apex
23 level 24 and
24 and 25 lowest
26 at 29 muscle
27 the 29 muscle
28 papillary 29 muscle

the results of this study demonstrated that [lv] gls , grs , gcs , and gat decrease with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 demonstrated
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 demonstrated 7 that
7 that 15 and
7 that 17 decrease
9 gls 11 grs
10 , 11 grs
11 grs 12 ,
12 , 13 gcs
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 gat
15 and 17 decrease
17 decrease 18 with
18 with 19 age

none objectives : to operationalize frailty using eight scales and to compare their content validity , feasibility , prevalence estimates of frailty , and ability to predict all - cause mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 none 2 objectives
1 none 3 :
1 none 17 feasibility
1 none 30 cause
2 objectives 3 :
3 : 4 to
4 to 10 and
5 operationalize 6 frailty
5 operationalize 10 and
6 frailty 7 using
7 using 9 scales
8 eight 9 scales
10 and 11 to
10 and 12 compare
11 to 12 compare
12 compare 15 validity
13 their 15 validity
14 content 15 validity
16 , 17 feasibility
17 feasibility 20 estimates
17 feasibility 29 -
18 , 20 estimates
19 prevalence 20 estimates
20 estimates 21 of
20 estimates 26 to
20 estimates 27 predict
20 estimates 29 -
21 of 24 and
22 frailty 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 ability
26 to 27 predict
27 predict 28 all
30 cause 31 mortality

design : secondary analysis of the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe ( share ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
3 secondary 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
4 analysis 8 of
4 analysis 17 share
5 of 7 survey
6 the 7 survey
8 of 12 and
9 health 10 ,
10 , 11 ageing
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 retirement
12 and 14 in
14 in 15 europe
16 ( 17 share
17 share 18 )

setting : eleven european countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 countries
3 eleven 5 countries
4 european 5 countries

participants : individuals aged 50 to 104 ( mean age 65.3 ± 10.5 , 54.8 % [female] , n = 27,527 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 aged
3 individuals 12 ±
3 individuals 16 %
4 aged 6 to
5 50 6 to
6 to 7 104
8 ( 12 ±
9 mean 12 ±
10 age 12 ±
11 65.3 12 ±
12 ± 13 10.5
12 ± 14 ,
14 , 16 %
15 54.8 16 %
16 % 20 =
16 % 23 .
18 , 20 =
19 n 20 =
20 = 21 27,527
20 = 22 )

measurements : frailty was operationalized using share data based on the groningen frailty indicator , the tilburg frailty indicator , [a] 70 - item frailty index ( fi ) , [a] 44 - item fi based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment ( fi - cga [ )(, the clinical frailty scale , frailty phenotype ( weighted [and] unweighted versions ) , the edmonton frail scale , and the frail scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 frailty
3 frailty 4 was
4 was 5 operationalized
5 operationalized 6 using
6 using 8 data
6 using 10 on
7 share 8 data
8 data 9 based
10 on 14 indicator
11 the 14 indicator
12 groningen 13 frailty
13 frailty 14 indicator
14 indicator 19 indicator
14 indicator 23 -
15 , 19 indicator
16 the 19 indicator
17 tilburg 18 frailty
18 frailty 19 indicator
19 indicator 20 ,
20 , 23 -
22 70 23 -
23 - 34 item
24 item 34 item
25 frailty 34 item
26 index 28 fi
26 index 32 44
26 index 34 item
27 ( 28 fi
28 fi 29 )
30 , 32 44
32 44 33 -
34 item 35 fi
34 item 36 based
34 item 37 on
34 item 44 -
35 fi 36 based
37 on 41 assessment
38 a 41 assessment
39 comprehensive 40 geriatric
40 geriatric 41 assessment
42 ( 44 -
43 fi 44 -
44 - 54 phenotype
45 cga 51 scale
45 cga 54 phenotype
47 )(, 51 scale
48 the 51 scale
49 clinical 50 frailty
50 frailty 51 scale
51 scale 52 ,
53 frailty 54 phenotype
54 phenotype 59 versions
54 phenotype 64 frail
55 ( 59 versions
56 weighted 59 versions
58 unweighted 59 versions
59 versions 60 )
61 , 64 frail
62 the 64 frail
63 edmonton 64 frail
64 frail 67 and
64 frail 70 scale
64 frail 71 .
65 scale 67 and
66 , 67 and
67 and 69 frail
67 and 70 scale
68 the 69 frail

results : all scales had fewer than 6 % of cases with at least one missing item , except [the] share - frailty [phenotype] ( 11.1 % ) and the share - tilburg ( 12.2 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 scales
2 : 5 had
2 : 38 .
3 all 4 scales
4 scales 5 had
5 had 9 %
5 had 12 with
6 fewer 7 than
7 than 8 6
8 6 9 %
9 % 10 of
10 of 11 cases
12 with 17 item
13 at 14 least
14 least 15 one
15 one 17 item
16 missing 17 item
17 item 19 except
18 , 19 except
19 except 29 and
19 except 37 )
21 share 23 frailty
21 share 29 and
22 - 23 frailty
23 frailty 27 %
23 frailty 28 )
25 ( 27 %
26 11.1 27 %
27 % 28 )
29 and 31 share
29 and 33 tilburg
30 the 31 share
32 - 33 tilburg
33 tilburg 36 %
33 tilburg 37 )
34 ( 36 %
35 12.2 36 %
36 % 37 )

in the share - groningen , share - tilburg , share - frailty phenotype , and share - frail scales , death rates were 3 to 5 times as high in excluded cases as in included ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 share
1 in 4 -
1 in 16 and
2 the 3 share
5 groningen 6 ,
6 , 14 phenotype
6 , 16 and
7 share 9 tilburg
7 share 11 share
7 share 13 frailty
8 - 9 tilburg
9 tilburg 10 ,
10 , 11 share
11 share 12 -
13 frailty 14 phenotype
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 share
16 and 22 death
16 and 23 rates
16 and 24 were
17 share 20 scales
18 - 20 scales
19 frail 20 scales
20 scales 21 ,
22 death 23 rates
24 were 28 times
25 3 26 to
26 to 27 5
26 to 28 times
28 times 30 high
29 as 30 high
30 high 31 in
30 high 34 as
31 in 33 cases
32 excluded 33 cases
34 as 35 in
35 in 37 ones
36 included 37 ones

frailty prevalence estimates ranged from 6 % ( share - frail ) to 44 % ( share - groningen ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 frailty 3 estimates
2 prevalence 3 estimates
3 estimates 4 ranged
4 ranged 5 from
4 ranged 13 to
5 from 7 %
6 6 7 %
7 % 11 frail
8 ( 11 frail
9 share 11 frail
10 - 11 frail
11 frail 12 )
13 to 15 %
14 44 15 %
15 % 17 share
16 ( 17 share
17 share 19 groningen
17 share 20 )
18 - 19 groningen
19 groningen 20 )

all scales categorized 2.4 % of participants [as] [frail] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scales
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 all 2 scales
2 scales 3 categorized
3 categorized 5 %
4 2.4 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 7 participants

conclusion : substantive differences exist between scales in their content validity , feasibility , and ability to predict all - cause mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 differences
2 : 5 exist
2 : 20 -
2 : 23 .
3 substantive 4 differences
4 differences 5 exist
5 exist 6 between
5 exist 8 in
6 between 7 scales
8 in 11 validity
9 their 11 validity
10 content 11 validity
11 validity 15 and
12 , 15 and
13 feasibility 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 ability
15 and 17 to
15 and 18 predict
15 and 20 -
17 to 18 predict
18 predict 19 all
20 - 21 cause
21 cause 22 mortality

these frailty scales capture related but distinct groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scales
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
1 these 3 scales
2 frailty 3 scales
4 capture 5 related
5 related 6 but
5 related 9 .
6 but 8 groups
7 distinct 8 groups

weighting items in frailty scales can improve their predictive ability , but the trade - off between specificity , predictive power , and generalizability [requires] additional evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 weighting 2 items
2 items 3 in
2 items 17 between
2 items 19 ,
3 in 4 frailty
4 frailty 5 scales
4 frailty 16 off
5 scales 6 can
6 can 7 improve
7 improve 10 ability
7 improve 16 off
8 their 10 ability
9 predictive 10 ability
10 ability 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 14 trade
12 but 15 -
13 the 14 trade
17 between 18 specificity
19 , 21 power
19 , 23 and
20 predictive 21 power
22 , 23 and
23 and 27 evaluation
24 generalizability 27 evaluation
26 additional 27 evaluation

the average age of patients receiving renal transplantation is increasing as programmes have been [established] which support the donation of organs from elderly donors to older recipients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 age
2 average 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 9 is
4 of 5 patients
5 patients 6 receiving
6 receiving 8 transplantation
7 renal 8 transplantation
9 is 10 increasing
10 increasing 11 as
10 increasing 19 donation
10 increasing 22 from
11 as 17 support
12 programmes 13 have
13 have 14 been
14 been 16 which
16 which 17 support
18 the 19 donation
19 donation 20 of
20 of 21 organs
22 from 24 donors
23 elderly 24 donors
24 donors 25 to
25 to 27 recipients
26 older 27 recipients

little is known about the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the immune system of older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
3 known 10 on
4 about 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 9 therapy
8 immunosuppressive 9 therapy
10 on 13 system
11 the 13 system
12 immune 13 system
13 system 14 of
14 of 16 patients
15 older 16 patients

in this study , [t] cell function and the composition of the [t] cell repertoire were analysed in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients of different age and cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) status in comparison to age - and cmv - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 2 this
1 in 8 and
3 study 4 ,
4 , 7 function
4 , 8 and
6 cell 7 function
8 and 10 composition
8 and 11 of
8 and 16 were
9 the 10 composition
11 of 15 repertoire
12 the 15 repertoire
14 cell 15 repertoire
16 were 17 analysed
17 analysed 18 in
17 analysed 32 in
17 analysed 34 to
18 in 22 recipients
19 immunosuppressed 21 transplant
20 renal 21 transplant
21 transplant 22 recipients
22 recipients 23 of
23 of 31 status
24 different 25 age
25 age 26 and
26 and 27 cytomegalovirus
26 and 29 cmv
26 and 31 status
28 ( 29 cmv
29 cmv 30 )
32 in 33 comparison
34 to 35 age
36 - 37 and
37 and 38 cmv
37 and 39 -
38 cmv 39 -
39 - 41 controls
40 matched 41 controls

independent of age and [cmv] status , the production of interleukin ( il ) - [2] and interferon ( ifn ) - [γ] by t cells [was] decreased in the patient groups and autologous serum from patients was capable of inhibiting the proliferation of cd3⁺ t cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 independent 26 cells
2 of 4 and
2 of 22 -
2 of 26 cells
3 age 4 and
4 and 6 status
4 and 7 ,
4 and 17 and
7 , 17 and
8 the 9 production
9 production 10 of
9 production 17 and
10 of 11 interleukin
11 interleukin 13 il
12 ( 13 il
13 il 14 )
15 - 17 and
17 and 18 interferon
17 and 20 ifn
17 and 22 -
19 ( 20 ifn
20 ifn 21 )
24 by 25 t
24 by 26 cells
26 cells 28 decreased
28 decreased 29 in
28 decreased 47 cells
29 in 33 and
30 the 32 groups
31 patient 32 groups
32 groups 33 and
33 and 34 autologous
33 and 35 serum
33 and 41 inhibiting
35 serum 36 from
35 serum 38 was
36 from 37 patients
38 was 39 capable
39 capable 40 of
40 of 41 inhibiting
41 inhibiting 43 proliferation
42 the 43 proliferation
43 proliferation 44 of
44 of 45 cd3⁺
45 cd3⁺ 46 t

cxcr5 expression on t [cells] was increased in patients versus controls reflecting reduced endogenous il - 2 signalling under immunosuppressive therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cxcr5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reduced
1 cxcr5 2 expression
1 cxcr5 12 reflecting
1 cxcr5 13 reduced
2 expression 3 on
2 expression 6 was
3 on 4 t
6 was 7 increased
7 increased 8 in
8 in 9 patients
9 patients 10 versus
10 versus 11 controls
11 controls 12 reflecting
13 reduced 15 il
14 endogenous 15 il
15 il 17 2
16 - 17 2
17 2 18 signalling
17 2 22 .
18 signalling 19 under
19 under 21 therapy
20 immunosuppressive 21 therapy

in cmv - seronegative patients kidney transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy did not induce changes in the cd8⁺ [t] cell pool , but there was a moderate increase in cd4⁺cd28⁻ effector t cells when compared to age - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 2 cmv
1 in 3 -
1 in 5 patients
4 seronegative 5 patients
5 patients 8 and
5 patients 13 induce
5 patients 22 but
6 kidney 7 transplantation
7 transplantation 8 and
8 and 10 therapy
8 and 11 did
9 immunosuppressive 10 therapy
11 did 12 not
11 did 13 induce
14 changes 15 in
14 changes 22 but
15 in 20 pool
16 the 20 pool
17 cd8⁺ 20 pool
19 cell 20 pool
21 , 22 but
22 but 36 age
23 there 24 was
24 was 27 increase
24 was 28 in
24 was 33 when
24 was 35 to
25 a 27 increase
26 moderate 27 increase
28 in 32 cells
29 cd4⁺cd28⁻ 30 effector
30 effector 31 t
30 effector 32 cells
33 when 34 compared
35 to 36 age
37 - 39 controls
38 matched 39 controls

in contrast , latent [cmv] infection triggered a shift from early to late differentiated cd4⁺ and cd8⁺ t cells in patients and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 triggered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 infection
4 latent 6 infection
6 infection 7 triggered
7 triggered 9 shift
7 triggered 20 in
8 a 9 shift
9 shift 10 from
10 from 19 cells
11 early 12 to
11 early 16 and
12 to 15 cd4⁺
13 late 15 cd4⁺
14 differentiated 15 cd4⁺
16 and 17 cd8⁺
16 and 19 cells
17 cd8⁺ 18 t
20 in 22 and
21 patients 22 and
22 and 23 controls

this shift was most pronounced in elderly transplant patients under immunosuppressive therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shift
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 shift
2 shift 3 was
3 was 4 most
4 most 5 pronounced
5 pronounced 6 in
5 pronounced 10 under
6 in 9 patients
7 elderly 8 transplant
8 transplant 9 patients
10 under 12 therapy
11 immunosuppressive 12 therapy

in conclusion , our results demonstrate that immunosuppressive therapy following kidney transplantation is effective in patients older than 65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 results
3 , 6 demonstrate
4 our 5 results
5 results 6 demonstrate
6 demonstrate 7 that
7 that 9 therapy
7 that 13 is
8 immunosuppressive 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 following
9 therapy 13 is
10 following 12 transplantation
11 kidney 12 transplantation
13 is 14 effective
14 effective 15 in
15 in 16 patients
16 patients 17 older
17 older 18 than
18 than 20 years
19 65 20 years

latent cmv infection , however , accelerates age - related changes in the [t] cell repertoire in elderly people under immunosuppressive therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accelerates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 latent 2 cmv
1 latent 3 infection
3 infection 7 accelerates
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 accelerates
7 accelerates 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 changes
10 related 12 in
10 related 17 in
10 related 20 under
10 related 23 .
12 in 16 repertoire
13 the 16 repertoire
15 cell 16 repertoire
17 in 19 people
18 elderly 19 people
20 under 22 therapy
21 immunosuppressive 22 therapy

these patients should therefore be monitored with special care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 monitored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 these 2 patients
2 patients 3 should
3 should 5 be
4 therefore 5 be
5 be 6 monitored
6 monitored 7 with
7 with 9 care
8 special 9 care

in an aging society , the incidence of brain ischemia increases dramatically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 4 society
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 incidence
2 an 4 society
3 aging 4 society
6 the 7 incidence
7 incidence 8 of
7 incidence 11 increases
8 of 10 ischemia
9 brain 10 ischemia
11 increases 12 dramatically

despite progress in pathophysiology mechanisms , the medical therapy for brain ischemia has not been satisfactory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 despite 2 progress
1 despite 6 ,
1 despite 9 therapy
2 progress 3 in
3 in 5 mechanisms
4 pathophysiology 5 mechanisms
7 the 9 therapy
8 medical 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 for
9 therapy 13 has
10 for 12 ischemia
11 brain 12 ischemia
13 has 14 not
13 has 15 been
15 been 16 satisfactory

recanalization using tissue plasminogen activator only modestly [improves] patient outcome , and inhibiting excitotoxicity has shown no clinical benefit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recanalization 10 outcome
2 using 10 outcome
3 tissue 10 outcome
4 plasminogen 10 outcome
5 activator 10 outcome
6 only 9 patient
7 modestly 9 patient
9 patient 10 outcome
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 inhibiting
12 and 16 shown
13 inhibiting 14 excitotoxicity
13 inhibiting 15 has
15 has 16 shown
16 shown 19 benefit
17 no 19 benefit
18 clinical 19 benefit

both do not provide an adequate time window for effective stroke therapy in clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 do
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 both 2 do
2 do 3 not
2 do 4 provide
4 provide 8 window
4 provide 13 in
5 an 6 adequate
5 an 8 window
6 adequate 8 window
7 time 8 window
8 window 9 for
9 for 12 therapy
10 effective 11 stroke
11 stroke 12 therapy
13 in 15 practice
14 clinical 15 practice

a more reasonable therapeutic window , and hence a greater potential for clinical success , is likely to be attained by placing emphasis on ameliorating the effects of the synergistic processes of programmed cell death ( pcd ) that is active for hours to days after ischemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 a 5 window
2 more 3 reasonable
3 reasonable 5 window
4 therapeutic 5 window
5 window 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 hence
7 and 11 potential
7 and 15 ,
7 and 16 is
9 a 11 potential
10 greater 11 potential
11 potential 12 for
12 for 14 success
13 clinical 14 success
16 is 17 likely
17 likely 18 to
17 likely 20 attained
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 attained
20 attained 21 by
20 attained 46 after
21 by 22 placing
22 placing 23 emphasis
22 placing 24 on
24 on 25 ameliorating
25 ameliorating 27 effects
26 the 27 effects
27 effects 28 of
28 of 31 processes
29 the 31 processes
30 synergistic 31 processes
31 processes 32 of
31 processes 39 that
31 processes 44 to
32 of 35 death
33 programmed 34 cell
34 cell 35 death
35 death 37 pcd
36 ( 37 pcd
37 pcd 38 )
39 that 40 is
40 is 41 active
41 active 42 for
41 active 44 to
42 for 43 hours
45 days 46 after
46 after 47 ischemia

it is necessary to identify molecular mediators of ischemic neuroprotection suitable for translation to human clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 necessary
3 necessary 4 to
3 necessary 5 identify
4 to 5 identify
5 identify 7 mediators
6 molecular 7 mediators
7 mediators 8 of
8 of 10 neuroprotection
9 ischemic 10 neuroprotection
10 neuroprotection 11 suitable
11 suitable 12 for
11 suitable 14 to
12 for 13 translation
14 to 17 trials
15 human 17 trials
16 clinical 17 trials

in this review , the mechanisms of cell death/survival signaling pathways after ischemia and the potential therapeutic targets will be discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 mechanisms
2 this 3 review
5 the 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 of
6 mechanisms 12 after
6 mechanisms 19 will
7 of 11 pathways
8 cell 11 pathways
9 death/survival 11 pathways
10 signaling 11 pathways
12 after 14 and
13 ischemia 14 and
14 and 18 targets
15 the 18 targets
16 potential 18 targets
17 therapeutic 18 targets
19 will 20 be
20 be 21 discussed

to provide evidence - based guidance regarding the efficacy and safety of dietary protein supplement ( ps ) [use] by members of the u.s . armed forces , a panel of internationally recognized experts in the fields of protein metabolism and dietary supplement research was convened by the department of defense center alliance for dietary supplement research and the u.s . army medical research and material command . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 to 2 provide
2 provide 3 evidence
2 provide 20 by
3 evidence 6 guidance
4 - 6 guidance
5 based 6 guidance
6 guidance 7 regarding
6 guidance 18 )
7 regarding 15 supplement
8 the 15 supplement
9 efficacy 10 and
10 and 11 safety
10 and 12 of
10 and 15 supplement
12 of 14 protein
13 dietary 14 protein
15 supplement 17 ps
16 ( 17 ps
17 ps 18 )
20 by 21 members
21 members 22 of
22 of 24 u.s
23 the 24 u.s
25 . 27 forces
25 . 28 ,
26 armed 27 forces
28 , 44 research
28 , 46 convened
29 a 30 panel
30 panel 31 of
30 panel 41 and
31 of 34 experts
32 internationally 33 recognized
33 recognized 34 experts
34 experts 35 in
34 experts 38 of
35 in 37 fields
36 the 37 fields
38 of 40 metabolism
39 protein 40 metabolism
41 and 43 supplement
41 and 44 research
42 dietary 43 supplement
44 research 45 was
45 was 46 convened
46 convened 47 by
47 by 49 department
48 the 49 department
49 department 50 of
50 of 53 alliance
51 defense 52 center
52 center 53 alliance
53 alliance 54 for
54 for 58 and
55 dietary 56 supplement
56 supplement 57 research
57 research 58 and
58 and 60 u.s
59 the 60 u.s
61 . 67 command
61 . 68 .
62 army 63 medical
63 medical 64 research
64 research 65 and
65 and 66 material
66 material 67 command

to develop a consensus statement , potential benefits , risks , and strategies to optimize military performance through ps use were considered in the context of specific warfighter populations and occupational demands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 to 2 develop
2 develop 5 statement
3 a 5 statement
4 consensus 5 statement
5 statement 8 benefits
5 statement 10 risks
6 , 8 benefits
7 potential 8 benefits
8 benefits 9 ,
9 , 10 risks
10 risks 11 ,
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 strategies
12 and 22 considered
13 strategies 14 to
13 strategies 15 optimize
13 strategies 21 were
14 to 15 optimize
15 optimize 17 performance
15 optimize 18 through
16 military 17 performance
18 through 20 use
19 ps 20 use
21 were 22 considered
22 considered 23 in
23 in 25 context
24 the 25 context
25 context 26 of
26 of 30 and
27 specific 29 populations
28 warfighter 29 populations
29 populations 30 and
30 and 32 demands
31 occupational 32 demands

to maintain muscle [mass] , strength , and performance during periods of substantial metabolic demand and concomitant negative energy balance the panel recommended that warfighters consume 1.5 - 2.0 g · kg ( - 1 [ )(· d [(] - 1 ) [of] protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 to 2 maintain
2 maintain 3 muscle
3 muscle 6 strength
5 , 6 strength
6 strength 7 ,
8 and 16 and
8 and 20 balance
9 performance 10 during
9 performance 16 and
10 during 11 periods
11 periods 12 of
12 of 15 demand
13 substantial 15 demand
14 metabolic 15 demand
16 and 19 energy
16 and 20 balance
17 concomitant 18 negative
18 negative 19 energy
20 balance 22 panel
21 the 22 panel
22 panel 23 recommended
22 panel 24 that
22 panel 26 consume
24 that 25 warfighters
24 that 26 consume
25 warfighters 26 consume
26 consume 44 protein
27 1.5 28 -
28 - 29 2.0
28 - 32 kg
29 2.0 30 g
30 g 31 ·
32 kg 44 protein
33 ( 40 -
34 - 35 1
35 1 38 d
37 )(· 38 d
38 d 40 -
40 - 41 1
40 - 42 )
40 - 44 protein

however , if metabolic demand is low , [such] as in garrison [,] protein intake should equal the current military dietary reference intake ( 0.8 - 1.5 [g] · kg ( - 1 ) [·] d ( - 1 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 equal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 15 intake
2 , 3 if
3 if 5 demand
3 if 6 is
3 if 8 ,
3 if 15 intake
4 metabolic 5 demand
5 demand 6 is
6 is 7 low
10 as 11 in
10 as 15 intake
11 in 14 protein
12 garrison 14 protein
15 intake 16 should
16 should 17 equal
17 equal 23 intake
18 the 19 current
19 current 23 intake
20 military 21 dietary
21 dietary 22 reference
22 reference 23 intake
23 intake 26 -
24 ( 26 -
25 0.8 26 -
26 - 27 1.5
26 - 39 1
26 - 41 )
27 1.5 30 kg
29 · 30 kg
30 kg 32 -
31 ( 32 -
32 - 33 1
32 - 34 )
32 - 36 d
37 ( 39 1
38 - 39 1
39 1 40 )

although ps use generally appears to be safe for healthy adults , warfighters should be educated on ps quality , given quality - control and contamination concerns with commercial dietary supplements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 warfighters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 3 use
1 although 5 appears
1 although 12 ,
1 although 13 warfighters
2 ps 3 use
3 use 5 appears
4 generally 5 appears
5 appears 6 to
5 appears 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 safe
8 safe 9 for
9 for 11 adults
10 healthy 11 adults
13 warfighters 14 should
14 should 15 be
15 be 16 educated
16 educated 17 on
17 on 19 quality
18 ps 19 quality
19 quality 21 given
20 , 21 given
21 given 22 quality
21 given 23 -
23 - 25 and
24 control 25 and
25 and 27 concerns
25 and 28 with
26 contamination 27 concerns
28 with 31 supplements
29 commercial 31 supplements
30 dietary 31 supplements

to achieve recommended protein intakes , the panel strongly urges consumption of high - quality protein - containing whole foods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 to 2 achieve
2 achieve 5 intakes
3 recommended 4 protein
4 protein 5 intakes
6 , 8 panel
6 , 10 urges
7 the 8 panel
8 panel 10 urges
9 strongly 10 urges
10 urges 11 consumption
10 urges 18 containing
11 consumption 12 of
12 of 16 protein
13 high 14 -
13 high 15 quality
15 quality 16 protein
17 - 18 containing
18 containing 20 foods
18 containing 21 .
19 whole 20 foods

however , [when] impractical , the use of pss ( 20 - 25 g [per] [serving] or 0.25 - 0.3 g · kg ( - 1 [ )(per meal ) , particularly after periods of strenuous physical activity ( e.g [.] , military training , combat patrols , and exercise ) , is acceptable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 use
2 , 4 impractical
4 impractical 5 ,
4 impractical 7 use
6 the 7 use
7 use 8 of
7 use 53 is
8 of 9 pss
9 pss 17 or
10 ( 17 or
11 20 12 -
12 - 13 25
12 - 14 g
14 g 17 or
17 or 23 kg
17 or 26 1
17 or 33 after
17 or 52 ,
18 0.25 19 -
19 - 20 0.3
19 - 23 kg
20 0.3 21 g
21 g 22 ·
24 ( 26 1
25 - 26 1
26 1 28 )(per
26 1 30 )
28 )(per 29 meal
31 , 32 particularly
31 , 33 after
33 after 49 and
33 after 51 )
34 periods 35 of
34 periods 49 and
35 of 38 activity
36 strenuous 38 activity
37 physical 38 activity
38 activity 44 training
39 ( 44 training
40 e.g 42 ,
40 e.g 44 training
43 military 44 training
44 training 47 patrols
44 training 48 ,
45 , 47 patrols
46 combat 47 patrols
47 patrols 48 ,
48 , 49 and
49 and 50 exercise
53 is 54 acceptable

the committee acknowledges the need for further study of protein requirements for extreme , military - specific environmental conditions and whether unique metabolic stressors associated with military service alter protein requirements for aging warfighters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 committee
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 acknowledges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 committee
2 committee 3 acknowledges
3 acknowledges 31 requirements
3 acknowledges 32 for
4 the 5 need
5 need 6 for
5 need 20 and
6 for 8 study
7 further 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 12 for
9 of 11 requirements
10 protein 11 requirements
12 for 19 conditions
13 extreme 14 ,
13 extreme 19 conditions
15 military 16 -
15 military 19 conditions
17 specific 19 conditions
18 environmental 19 conditions
20 and 21 whether
20 and 24 stressors
20 and 29 alter
20 and 31 requirements
22 unique 24 stressors
23 metabolic 24 stressors
24 stressors 25 associated
24 stressors 29 alter
25 associated 26 with
26 with 28 service
27 military 28 service
30 protein 31 requirements
32 for 33 aging
33 aging 34 warfighters

special operations are so designated for the [specialized] military missions they address . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 operations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 designated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 special 2 operations
2 operations 3 are
3 are 5 designated
4 so 5 designated
5 designated 6 for
6 for 10 missions
7 the 10 missions
9 military 10 missions
10 missions 11 they
10 missions 12 address
11 they 12 address

as a result , special operations present some unique metabolic challenges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 operations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 6 operations
2 a 3 result
5 special 6 operations
6 operations 7 present
7 present 11 challenges
8 some 11 challenges
9 unique 11 challenges
10 metabolic 11 challenges

in particular , soldiers often operate in a negative energy balance in stressful and demanding conditions with little opportunity for rest or recovery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 operate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 4 soldiers
1 in 6 operate
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 soldiers
5 often 6 operate
6 operate 7 in
6 operate 12 in
6 operate 17 with
7 in 11 balance
8 a 9 negative
8 a 11 balance
9 negative 10 energy
10 energy 11 balance
12 in 16 conditions
13 stressful 14 and
14 and 15 demanding
14 and 16 conditions
17 with 19 opportunity
17 with 20 for
18 little 19 opportunity
20 for 22 or
21 rest 22 or
22 or 23 recovery

in this framework , findings inferred from the performance literature suggest that increased protein intake may be beneficial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 framework
1 in 17 be
2 this 3 framework
3 framework 13 increased
4 , 13 increased
5 findings 6 inferred
5 findings 11 suggest
6 inferred 7 from
7 from 10 literature
8 the 10 literature
9 performance 10 literature
11 suggest 12 that
11 suggest 13 increased
12 that 13 increased
14 protein 15 intake
15 intake 16 may
16 may 17 be
17 be 18 beneficial

in particular , increased protein intake during negative caloric balance maintains lean body mass [and] blood glucose production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 maintains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 5 protein
1 in 6 intake
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 5 protein
4 increased 5 protein
6 intake 7 during
6 intake 11 maintains
7 during 10 balance
8 negative 10 balance
9 caloric 10 balance
11 maintains 18 production
12 lean 13 body
13 body 18 production
14 mass 18 production
16 blood 18 production
17 glucose 18 production

the addition of protein to mixed macronutrient supplements is beneficial for muscle endurance and power endpoints , and the use of amino acids improves gross and fine motor skills . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 addition
2 addition 3 of
2 addition 9 is
3 of 4 protein
4 protein 5 to
5 to 8 supplements
6 mixed 7 macronutrient
7 macronutrient 8 supplements
9 is 10 beneficial
10 beneficial 11 for
11 for 14 and
12 muscle 13 endurance
13 endurance 14 and
14 and 16 endpoints
14 and 17 ,
15 power 16 endpoints
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 use
18 and 24 improves
19 the 20 use
20 use 21 of
20 use 24 improves
21 of 23 acids
22 amino 23 acids
24 improves 29 skills
25 gross 26 and
26 and 27 fine
26 and 28 motor
28 motor 29 skills

increasing protein intake during periods of intense training [and/or] metabolic demand improves subsequent performance , improves muscular recovery , and reduces symptoms of psychological stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 increasing 3 intake
1 increasing 4 during
1 increasing 15 ,
2 protein 3 intake
4 during 5 periods
5 periods 6 of
6 of 11 demand
7 intense 8 training
8 training 11 demand
10 metabolic 11 demand
12 improves 14 performance
12 improves 15 ,
13 subsequent 14 performance
15 , 20 and
16 improves 18 recovery
16 improves 20 and
17 muscular 18 recovery
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 reduces
21 reduces 22 symptoms
22 symptoms 23 of
23 of 25 stress
24 psychological 25 stress

consumption of protein before sleep confers the anabolic responses required for the maintenance of lean mass and muscle recovery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 consumption 9 responses
2 of 3 protein
2 of 9 responses
4 before 5 sleep
4 before 6 confers
4 before 9 responses
5 sleep 6 confers
7 the 9 responses
8 anabolic 9 responses
9 responses 10 required
9 responses 17 and
10 required 11 for
11 for 13 maintenance
12 the 13 maintenance
13 maintenance 14 of
14 of 15 lean
16 mass 17 and
17 and 18 muscle
18 muscle 19 recovery

a maximal response in muscle protein synthesis is achieved with the consumption of 20 - 25 g of protein alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 maximal
1 a 3 response
2 maximal 3 response
3 response 4 in
3 response 8 is
4 in 7 synthesis
5 muscle 7 synthesis
6 protein 7 synthesis
8 is 9 achieved
9 achieved 10 with
9 achieved 20 alone
10 with 12 consumption
11 the 12 consumption
12 consumption 13 of
13 of 17 g
14 20 15 -
15 - 16 25
15 - 17 g
17 g 18 of
18 of 19 protein

however , higher protein intakes in the context of mixed [-] nutrient ingestion also confer anabolic benefits by reducing protein breakdown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 intakes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 confer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 intakes
3 higher 4 protein
4 protein 5 intakes
5 intakes 6 in
5 intakes 9 of
5 intakes 15 confer
6 in 8 context
7 the 8 context
9 of 13 ingestion
10 mixed 13 ingestion
12 nutrient 13 ingestion
14 also 15 confer
15 confer 17 benefits
15 confer 18 by
16 anabolic 17 benefits
18 by 19 reducing
19 reducing 21 breakdown
20 protein 21 breakdown

restricted rations issued to special operators provide less than the rda for protein ( [∼] 0.6 g/kg ) , and these soldiers often rely on commercial products to augment their rations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 restricted 2 rations
2 rations 3 issued
2 rations 7 provide
3 issued 4 to
4 to 6 operators
5 special 6 operators
7 provide 8 less
7 provide 9 than
7 provide 12 for
9 than 11 rda
10 the 11 rda
12 for 13 protein
13 protein 17 g/kg
14 ( 17 g/kg
16 0.6 17 g/kg
17 g/kg 18 )
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 soldiers
20 and 24 rely
21 these 22 soldiers
22 soldiers 24 rely
23 often 24 rely
24 rely 25 on
24 rely 28 to
25 on 27 products
26 commercial 27 products
28 to 29 augment
29 augment 31 rations
30 their 31 rations

the provision of reasonable alternatives [and/or] certification [of] approved supplements by the u.s . department of defense would be prudent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 approved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 provision
2 provision 3 of
2 provision 9 approved
3 of 7 certification
4 reasonable 5 alternatives
5 alternatives 7 certification
9 approved 10 supplements
9 approved 11 by
11 by 13 u.s
12 the 13 u.s
14 . 15 department
14 . 19 be
14 . 21 .
15 department 16 of
15 department 18 would
16 of 17 defense
18 would 19 be
19 be 20 prudent

the demographic shift of the average age in the united states and worldwide mandates that careful attention be paid to the nutritional and health needs of all segments of our older adult population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 shift
2 demographic 3 shift
3 shift 4 of
3 shift 12 and
4 of 7 age
5 the 7 age
6 average 7 age
7 age 8 in
8 in 11 states
9 the 11 states
10 united 11 states
12 and 14 mandates
12 and 15 that
12 and 19 paid
12 and 23 and
13 worldwide 14 mandates
15 that 17 attention
15 that 19 paid
16 careful 17 attention
17 attention 18 be
18 be 19 paid
19 paid 20 to
20 to 22 nutritional
21 the 22 nutritional
23 and 25 needs
24 health 25 needs
25 needs 26 of
26 of 28 segments
27 all 28 segments
28 segments 29 of
29 of 33 population
30 our 33 population
31 older 32 adult
32 adult 33 population

well - defined changes in body composition occur in aging animals and humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 well 2 -
1 well 4 changes
3 defined 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 8 occur
5 in 7 composition
6 body 7 composition
8 occur 9 in
9 in 12 and
10 aging 11 animals
11 animals 12 and
12 and 13 humans

characteristic of this change is the age - associated decline [in] skeletal muscle mass , sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 characteristic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 characteristic 2 of
1 characteristic 5 is
2 of 4 change
3 this 4 change
5 is 7 age
6 the 7 age
8 - 14 mass
8 - 15 ,
8 - 16 sarcopenia
8 - 17 .
9 associated 10 decline
10 decline 14 mass
12 skeletal 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 mass
15 , 16 sarcopenia

data from observational studies of dietary intake and body composition suggest that a substantial proportion of adults over the age of 60 [y] consume less than the u.s . - recommended dietary allowance [for] protein and that greater dietary protein intake appears to reduce the decline in lean/muscle mass with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 consume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 data 2 from
1 data 8 and
2 from 4 studies
3 observational 4 studies
4 studies 5 of
5 of 7 intake
6 dietary 7 intake
8 and 10 composition
8 and 11 suggest
9 body 10 composition
11 suggest 12 that
12 that 15 proportion
12 that 24 consume
13 a 14 substantial
13 a 15 proportion
14 substantial 15 proportion
15 proportion 16 of
15 proportion 21 of
16 of 17 adults
17 adults 18 over
18 over 20 age
19 the 20 age
21 of 22 60
24 consume 25 less
24 consume 26 than
26 than 28 u.s
27 the 28 u.s
29 . 30 -
29 . 49 mass
29 . 52 .
30 - 36 and
31 recommended 33 allowance
32 dietary 33 allowance
33 allowance 35 protein
35 protein 36 and
36 and 37 that
36 and 41 intake
36 and 44 reduce
36 and 49 mass
38 greater 40 protein
39 dietary 40 protein
40 protein 41 intake
41 intake 42 appears
42 appears 43 to
42 appears 44 reduce
43 to 44 reduce
44 reduce 46 decline
44 reduce 47 in
45 the 46 decline
47 in 48 lean/muscle
49 mass 50 with
50 with 51 aging

studies of acute ingestion of high - quality dietary protein in healthy older adults suggest that the age - related blunting of protein synthetic capacity can be overcome with increased dietary protein intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 studies 2 of
1 studies 15 suggest
2 of 4 ingestion
3 acute 4 ingestion
4 ingestion 5 of
4 ingestion 11 in
5 of 10 protein
6 high 7 -
6 high 8 quality
8 quality 10 protein
9 dietary 10 protein
11 in 14 adults
12 healthy 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 suggest 16 that
16 that 18 age
16 that 28 overcome
17 the 18 age
18 age 26 can
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 blunting
20 related 26 can
21 blunting 22 of
22 of 25 capacity
23 protein 25 capacity
24 synthetic 25 capacity
26 can 27 be
27 be 28 overcome
28 overcome 29 with
29 with 33 intake
30 increased 32 protein
31 dietary 32 protein
32 protein 33 intake

however , studies on chronic administration of high - quality protein supplements in cohorts of older adults are more equivocal with respect to improving or preserving muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 studies
3 studies 4 on
3 studies 7 of
3 studies 13 in
3 studies 18 are
4 on 6 administration
5 chronic 6 administration
7 of 12 supplements
8 high 9 -
8 high 10 quality
10 quality 11 protein
11 protein 12 supplements
13 in 14 cohorts
14 cohorts 15 of
15 of 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 are 20 equivocal
19 more 20 equivocal
20 equivocal 21 with
21 with 25 or
22 respect 23 to
22 respect 25 or
23 to 24 improving
25 or 28 mass
26 preserving 27 muscle
27 muscle 28 mass

this review highlights selective aspects of protein supplementation in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 highlights
3 highlights 5 aspects
3 highlights 9 in
4 selective 5 aspects
5 aspects 6 of
6 of 8 supplementation
7 protein 8 supplementation
9 in 11 adults
10 older 11 adults

understanding how the mammalian neocortex creates cognition largely depends on knowledge about large - scale cortical organization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 depends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 understanding 2 how
1 understanding 9 depends
2 how 5 neocortex
2 how 6 creates
3 the 5 neocortex
4 mammalian 5 neocortex
5 neocortex 6 creates
6 creates 7 cognition
8 largely 9 depends
9 depends 10 on
9 depends 12 about
10 on 11 knowledge
12 about 17 organization
13 large 14 -
13 large 15 scale
15 scale 17 organization
16 cortical 17 organization

accumulated evidence has illuminated cortical substrates of cognition across the lifespan , but [how] topological properties of cortical networks support structure - function relationships [in] normal aging remains an open question . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 illuminated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 accumulated 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 has
3 has 4 illuminated
4 illuminated 6 substrates
4 illuminated 9 across
5 cortical 6 substrates
6 substrates 7 of
7 of 8 cognition
9 across 16 properties
10 the 16 properties
11 lifespan 13 but
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 topological
13 but 16 properties
16 properties 17 of
17 of 21 structure
18 cortical 20 support
19 networks 20 support
20 support 21 structure
22 - 27 aging
22 - 28 remains
22 - 32 .
23 function 24 relationships
24 relationships 27 aging
26 normal 27 aging
27 aging 28 remains
28 remains 31 question
29 an 30 open
29 an 31 question
30 open 31 question

here we investigate the role of connections ( i.e [.] , short/long and direct/indirect ) and node properties ( i.e [.] , centrality and modularity ) in predicting functional - structural connectivity coupling in healthy elderly subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 investigate
3 investigate 16 and
3 investigate 27 in
4 the 5 role
5 role 6 of
5 role 16 and
6 of 7 connections
7 connections 13 and
8 ( 13 and
9 i.e 11 ,
11 , 12 short/long
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 direct/indirect
13 and 15 )
16 and 18 properties
16 and 20 i.e
16 and 24 and
17 node 18 properties
19 ( 20 i.e
20 i.e 22 ,
22 , 24 and
23 centrality 24 and
24 and 25 modularity
24 and 26 )
27 in 28 predicting
28 predicting 33 coupling
28 predicting 34 in
29 functional 30 -
29 functional 32 connectivity
31 structural 32 connectivity
32 connectivity 33 coupling
34 in 37 subjects
35 healthy 37 subjects
36 elderly 37 subjects

connectivity networks were derived from correlations of cortical thickness and cortical glucose consumption in resting [state] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 connectivity 2 networks
2 networks 3 were
3 were 4 derived
4 derived 5 from
4 derived 14 in
5 from 10 and
6 correlations 7 of
6 correlations 10 and
7 of 9 thickness
8 cortical 9 thickness
10 and 13 consumption
11 cortical 12 glucose
12 glucose 13 consumption
14 in 15 resting

local - direct connections ( i.e [.] , nodes separated by less than 30 mm [ )(and node [modularity] ( i.e [.] , a set of nodes highly interconnected within a topological community and sparsely interconnected with nodes from other modules [ )(in the functional network were identified as the main determinants of coupling between cortical networks , suggesting that the structural network in aging is mainly constrained by functional topological properties involved in the segregation of information , likely due to aging - related deficits in functional integration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 local
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 direct
2 - 8 ,
3 direct 4 connections
4 connections 6 i.e
5 ( 6 i.e
6 i.e 8 ,
8 , 9 nodes
8 , 17 )(and
9 nodes 10 separated
10 separated 11 by
10 separated 13 than
11 by 12 less
13 than 15 mm
14 30 15 mm
17 )(and 23 ,
17 )(and 25 set
18 node 21 i.e
20 ( 21 i.e
21 i.e 23 ,
24 a 25 set
25 set 26 of
25 set 34 and
26 of 27 nodes
28 highly 29 interconnected
29 interconnected 30 within
29 interconnected 34 and
30 within 33 community
31 a 33 community
32 topological 33 community
34 and 36 interconnected
35 sparsely 36 interconnected
36 interconnected 37 with
37 with 38 nodes
38 nodes 39 from
38 nodes 46 network
38 nodes 47 were
38 nodes 48 identified
38 nodes 49 as
39 from 41 modules
40 other 41 modules
41 modules 43 )(in
43 )(in 45 functional
44 the 45 functional
46 network 47 were
49 as 52 determinants
50 the 51 main
50 the 52 determinants
52 determinants 53 of
53 of 54 coupling
54 coupling 55 between
54 coupling 59 suggesting
55 between 57 networks
56 cortical 57 networks
58 , 59 suggesting
59 suggesting 60 that
60 that 63 network
60 that 66 is
61 the 63 network
62 structural 63 network
63 network 64 in
63 network 66 is
64 in 65 aging
66 is 67 mainly
66 is 68 constrained
68 constrained 69 by
69 by 72 properties
70 functional 72 properties
71 topological 72 properties
72 properties 73 involved
73 involved 74 in
74 in 76 segregation
75 the 76 segregation
76 segregation 77 of
77 of 78 information
78 information 80 likely
78 information 86 deficits
79 , 80 likely
80 likely 82 to
80 likely 84 -
81 due 82 to
82 to 83 aging
84 - 86 deficits
85 related 86 deficits
86 deficits 87 in
86 deficits 90 .
87 in 89 integration
88 functional 89 integration

this hypothesis is supported by an enhanced connectivity between cortical regions of different resting - state networks involved in sensorimotor [and] memory functions in detrimental [to] associations between fronto - parietal regions supporting executive processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 hypothesis
2 hypothesis 3 is
3 is 4 supported
4 supported 5 by
4 supported 9 between
4 supported 19 in
4 supported 24 in
5 by 8 connectivity
6 an 8 connectivity
7 enhanced 8 connectivity
9 between 11 regions
10 cortical 11 regions
11 regions 12 of
12 of 14 resting
13 different 14 resting
14 resting 18 involved
15 - 16 state
16 state 17 networks
16 state 18 involved
19 in 23 functions
20 sensorimotor 22 memory
22 memory 23 functions
24 in 27 associations
25 detrimental 27 associations
27 associations 28 between
27 associations 33 supporting
28 between 32 regions
29 fronto 30 -
29 fronto 32 regions
31 parietal 32 regions
33 supporting 35 processes
34 executive 35 processes

taken collectively , these findings open new avenues to identify aging - related failures in the anatomo - functional organization of the neocortical mantle , and might contribute to early detection of prevalent neurodegenerative conditions occurring in the late life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 open
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 taken 2 collectively
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 these 5 findings
5 findings 6 open
6 open 8 avenues
7 new 8 avenues
8 avenues 9 to
8 avenues 10 identify
8 avenues 11 aging
9 to 10 identify
12 - 26 and
13 related 14 failures
13 related 15 in
13 related 26 and
15 in 17 anatomo
16 the 17 anatomo
17 anatomo 20 organization
18 - 20 organization
19 functional 20 organization
20 organization 21 of
20 organization 25 ,
21 of 24 mantle
22 the 24 mantle
23 neocortical 24 mantle
26 and 27 might
27 might 28 contribute
28 contribute 29 to
28 contribute 37 in
29 to 31 detection
30 early 31 detection
31 detection 32 of
32 of 35 conditions
33 prevalent 35 conditions
34 neurodegenerative 35 conditions
35 conditions 36 occurring
37 in 40 life
38 the 40 life
39 late 40 life

muscle weakness associated with aging implicates central neural degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 weakness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 implicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 muscle 2 weakness
2 weakness 3 associated
2 weakness 6 implicates
3 associated 4 with
4 with 5 aging
6 implicates 9 degeneration
7 central 9 degeneration
8 neural 9 degeneration

however , [role] [of] the primary motor cortex ( m1 ) is poorly understood , despite evidence that gains in strength in younger adults are associated with its adaptations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 understood
1 however 2 ,
1 however 8 cortex
5 the 8 cortex
6 primary 7 motor
7 motor 8 cortex
8 cortex 10 m1
8 cortex 12 is
9 ( 10 m1
10 m1 11 )
12 is 14 understood
13 poorly 14 understood
14 understood 16 despite
15 , 16 despite
16 despite 17 evidence
16 despite 30 .
17 evidence 18 that
18 that 19 gains
18 that 26 associated
19 gains 20 in
19 gains 25 are
20 in 21 strength
21 strength 22 in
22 in 24 adults
23 younger 24 adults
25 are 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 29 adaptations
28 its 29 adaptations

we investigated whether weakness of biceps brachii in aging analogously relates to processes in m1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 4 weakness
3 whether 11 relates
4 weakness 5 of
4 weakness 11 relates
5 of 7 brachii
6 biceps 7 brachii
7 brachii 8 in
8 in 9 aging
9 aging 10 analogously
11 relates 12 to
11 relates 14 in
12 to 13 processes
14 in 15 m1

we enrolled [20] young ( 22.6 ± 0.87 [yr] [ )(and 28 old ( 74.79 ± [1.37] yr ) right - handed participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 enrolled
1 we 2 enrolled
2 enrolled 20 right
4 young 11 )(and
4 young 19 )
4 young 20 right
5 ( 11 )(and
6 22.6 7 ±
7 ± 8 0.87
7 ± 11 )(and
11 )(and 13 old
11 )(and 18 yr
11 )(and 19 )
12 28 13 old
14 ( 18 yr
15 74.79 18 yr
16 ± 18 yr
18 yr 19 )
20 right 22 handed
21 - 22 handed
22 handed 23 participants
22 handed 24 .

using transcranial magnetic stimulation , representation of biceps in m1 was identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 representation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 using 4 stimulation
1 using 5 ,
1 using 6 representation
2 transcranial 4 stimulation
3 magnetic 4 stimulation
6 representation 7 of
6 representation 11 was
7 of 8 biceps
8 biceps 9 in
9 in 10 m1
11 was 12 identified

we examined the effect of age and sex on strength of left elbow flexion , voluntary activation of biceps , corticospinal excitability and output , and short - interval intracortical and interhemispheric inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 26 and
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 7 and
5 of 6 age
7 and 8 sex
7 and 17 activation
7 and 26 and
8 sex 9 on
9 on 10 strength
10 strength 11 of
11 of 14 flexion
12 left 14 flexion
13 elbow 14 flexion
15 , 17 activation
16 voluntary 17 activation
17 activation 18 of
17 activation 23 and
17 activation 25 ,
18 of 19 biceps
20 , 23 and
21 corticospinal 22 excitability
22 excitability 23 and
23 and 24 output
23 and 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 33 inhibition
27 short 28 -
27 short 29 interval
29 interval 33 inhibition
30 intracortical 31 and
31 and 32 interhemispheric
31 and 33 inhibition

interhemispheric inhibition was significantly exaggerated in the old ( p = 0.047 ) , while strength tended to be lower ( p = 0.075 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exaggerated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 interhemispheric 2 inhibition
2 inhibition 3 was
3 was 5 exaggerated
4 significantly 5 exaggerated
5 exaggerated 6 in
5 exaggerated 15 while
6 in 8 old
7 the 8 old
8 old 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.047
11 = 13 )
14 , 15 while
15 while 16 strength
15 while 17 tended
15 while 25 )
16 strength 17 tended
17 tended 18 to
17 tended 19 be
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 lower
20 lower 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.075
23 = 25 )

overall , women were weaker ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 3 women
3 women 4 were
4 were 5 weaker
5 weaker 8 <
6 ( 8 <
7 p 8 <
8 < 9 0.001
8 < 10 )

processes of m1 related to strength or voluntary activation of biceps , but only in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 processes 2 of
1 processes 4 related
2 of 3 m1
4 related 13 but
5 to 7 or
5 to 13 but
6 strength 7 or
7 or 9 activation
7 or 10 of
8 voluntary 9 activation
10 of 11 biceps
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 only
13 but 15 in
15 in 17 adults
16 older 17 adults

corticospinal excitability was lower in weaker individuals ( r = 0.38 ) , and corticospinal output , intracortical inhibition and interhemispheric inhibition were reduced too in individuals who poorly activated biceps ( r = 0.43 , 0.54 and 0.38 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 excitability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 corticospinal 2 excitability
2 excitability 3 was
3 was 4 lower
4 lower 5 in
5 in 7 individuals
6 weaker 7 individuals
7 individuals 10 =
8 ( 10 =
9 r 10 =
10 = 11 0.38
10 = 12 )
13 , 14 and
14 and 20 and
14 and 24 reduced
15 corticospinal 16 output
16 output 17 ,
17 , 19 inhibition
17 , 20 and
18 intracortical 19 inhibition
20 and 22 inhibition
20 and 23 were
21 interhemispheric 22 inhibition
23 were 24 reduced
24 reduced 25 too
24 reduced 26 in
26 in 27 individuals
27 individuals 28 who
27 individuals 30 activated
28 who 30 activated
29 poorly 30 activated
30 activated 31 biceps
31 biceps 34 =
31 biceps 38 and
32 ( 34 =
33 r 34 =
34 = 35 0.43
34 = 36 ,
36 , 38 and
37 0.54 38 and
38 and 39 0.38
38 and 40 )

lower intracortical inhibition may reflect compensation for reduced corticospinal excitability , allowing weaker older adults to spread activity in m1 to recruit synergists and attempt to sustain motor output . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reflect
1 lower 3 inhibition
2 intracortical 3 inhibition
3 inhibition 4 may
4 may 5 reflect
5 reflect 6 compensation
6 compensation 7 for
6 compensation 12 allowing
7 for 10 excitability
8 reduced 10 excitability
9 corticospinal 10 excitability
11 , 12 allowing
12 allowing 15 adults
12 allowing 16 to
12 allowing 24 and
12 allowing 30 .
13 weaker 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 to 24 and
17 spread 18 activity
17 spread 24 and
18 activity 19 in
18 activity 21 to
18 activity 22 recruit
19 in 20 m1
21 to 22 recruit
22 recruit 23 synergists
24 and 25 attempt
25 attempt 26 to
25 attempt 27 sustain
26 to 27 sustain
27 sustain 29 output
28 motor 29 output

exaggerated interhemispheric inhibition , however , conflicts with previous evidence , potentially related to greater callosal damage in our older sample , our choice of proximal vs [.] distal muscle and differing influence of measurement of inhibition in rest vs [.] active states of muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 conflicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 exaggerated 3 inhibition
2 interhemispheric 3 inhibition
3 inhibition 7 conflicts
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 conflicts
7 conflicts 8 with
7 conflicts 38 in
8 with 10 evidence
8 with 24 choice
9 previous 10 evidence
10 evidence 13 related
11 , 13 related
12 potentially 13 related
13 related 14 to
13 related 18 in
13 related 22 ,
14 to 17 damage
15 greater 17 damage
16 callosal 17 damage
18 in 21 sample
19 our 21 sample
20 older 21 sample
23 our 24 choice
24 choice 25 of
25 of 31 and
26 proximal 27 vs
26 proximal 31 and
27 vs 30 muscle
29 distal 30 muscle
31 and 33 influence
31 and 34 of
31 and 36 of
32 differing 33 influence
34 of 35 measurement
36 of 37 inhibition
38 in 39 rest
39 rest 40 vs
40 vs 43 states
42 active 43 states
43 states 44 of
44 of 45 muscle

overall , age - specific relation of m1 to strength and muscle activation emphasizes that its adaptations only emerge when necessitated , as in a weakening neuromuscular system in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
2 , 3 age
2 , 4 -
4 - 6 relation
4 - 14 emphasizes
5 specific 6 relation
6 relation 7 of
6 relation 14 emphasizes
7 of 8 m1
8 m1 9 to
9 to 11 and
10 strength 11 and
11 and 13 activation
12 muscle 13 activation
14 emphasizes 15 that
15 that 17 adaptations
15 that 19 emerge
16 its 17 adaptations
17 adaptations 19 emerge
18 only 19 emerge
19 emerge 20 when
20 when 21 necessitated
21 necessitated 23 as
22 , 23 as
23 as 24 in
23 as 31 .
24 in 28 system
25 a 28 system
26 weakening 28 system
27 neuromuscular 28 system
28 system 29 in
29 in 30 aging

objective : to evaluate the episodic [migraine] ( em ) - obesity association and the influence of age , race , and sex on this relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 14 and
4 evaluate 24 on
5 the 13 association
6 episodic 9 em
6 episodic 11 -
6 episodic 12 obesity
8 ( 9 em
9 em 10 )
12 obesity 13 association
13 association 14 and
14 and 16 influence
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 influence
17 of 22 and
18 age 19 ,
19 , 20 race
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 sex
24 on 26 relationship
25 this 26 relationship

methods : we examined the em - obesity association and the influence of age , race , and sex in 3,862 adult participants of both black and white race interviewed in the national comorbidity survey replication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
2 : 7 -
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 6 em
5 the 6 em
7 - 9 association
7 - 10 and
8 obesity 9 association
10 and 18 and
10 and 30 interviewed
11 the 12 influence
12 influence 13 of
12 influence 18 and
13 of 14 age
14 age 16 race
15 , 16 race
16 race 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 sex
18 and 20 in
18 and 24 of
18 and 30 interviewed
20 in 23 participants
21 3,862 23 participants
22 adult 23 participants
24 of 27 and
25 both 27 and
26 black 27 and
27 and 29 race
28 white 29 race
30 interviewed 31 in
30 interviewed 36 replication
31 in 35 survey
32 the 35 survey
33 national 34 comorbidity
34 comorbidity 35 survey

em diagnostic criteria were based on the international classification of headache disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 em 3 criteria
2 diagnostic 3 criteria
3 criteria 4 were
4 were 5 based
5 based 6 on
6 on 9 classification
7 the 9 classification
8 international 9 classification
9 classification 10 of
10 of 12 disorders
11 headache 12 disorders

body [mass] [index] was classified as underweight [(] < 18.5 kg / [m] ( 2 ) [ )(, normal ( 18.5 - 24.9 kg / [m] ( 2 [ )( (, overweight ( 25 - 29.9 kg / [m] ( 2 ) ) , or obese ( ≥30 [kg/m] ( 2 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 body 4 was
4 was 45 or
5 classified 6 as
5 classified 45 or
6 as 12 /
7 underweight 12 /
9 < 10 18.5
10 18.5 11 kg
11 kg 12 /
12 / 15 2
12 / 25 /
14 ( 15 2
15 2 16 )
18 )(, 25 /
19 normal 21 18.5
19 normal 22 -
19 normal 25 /
20 ( 21 18.5
21 18.5 22 -
23 24.9 24 kg
24 kg 25 /
25 / 28 2
25 / 38 /
25 / 44 ,
27 ( 28 2
28 2 30 )(
31 (, 38 /
32 overweight 34 25
32 overweight 35 -
32 overweight 38 /
33 ( 34 25
34 25 35 -
36 29.9 37 kg
37 kg 38 /
38 / 41 2
38 / 43 )
40 ( 41 2
41 2 42 )
45 or 46 obese
45 or 48 ≥30
47 ( 48 ≥30
48 ≥30 51 2
48 ≥30 53 )
50 ( 51 2
51 2 52 )

adjusted odds ratios ( ors [ )(and 95 % confidence intervals ( cis ) [for] [em] were estimated using logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 adjusted 2 odds
2 odds 3 ratios
3 ratios 7 )(and
3 ratios 17 were
4 ( 7 )(and
5 ors 7 )(and
7 )(and 11 intervals
7 )(and 13 cis
7 )(and 14 )
8 95 11 intervals
9 % 10 confidence
10 confidence 11 intervals
12 ( 13 cis
13 cis 14 )
17 were 18 estimated
18 estimated 19 using
19 using 21 regression
20 logistic 21 regression

models were stratified by age ( [<] 50/≥50 years [ )(, race ( white/black ) , and sex ( male/female ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stratified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 models 2 were
2 were 3 stratified
3 stratified 4 by
4 by 5 age
5 age 17 and
6 ( 17 and
8 50/≥50 9 years
9 years 12 race
9 years 17 and
11 )(, 12 race
12 race 14 white/black
12 race 16 ,
13 ( 14 white/black
14 white/black 15 )
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 sex
17 and 20 male/female
17 and 21 )
19 ( 20 male/female
20 male/female 21 )

results : a total of 188 participants fulfilled criteria for em . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 8 fulfilled
2 : 12 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 fulfilled
5 of 7 participants
6 188 7 participants
8 fulfilled 9 criteria
9 criteria 10 for
10 for 11 em

in addition , stratified analyses demonstrated that the odds of em were greater in obese as compared [with] normal - weight individuals who were 1 [ )(younger than 50 years of age [(] or 1.86 [;] 95 % ci : 1.20 - 2.89 [;] [p] for trend = 0.008 [ )(, 2 ) white ( or 2.06 [;] 95 % ci : [1.41] - 3.01 [;] [p] for trend ≤0.001 [ )(, [or] 3 ) female ( or 1.95 [;] 95 % ci [:] 1.38 - 2.76 [;] [p] for trend ≤0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 addition
3 , 5 analyses
3 , 6 demonstrated
4 stratified 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 7 that
7 that 9 odds
7 that 12 were
8 the 9 odds
9 odds 10 of
9 odds 12 were
10 of 11 em
12 were 13 greater
13 greater 14 in
14 in 22 individuals
15 obese 22 individuals
16 as 17 compared
17 compared 21 weight
19 normal 20 -
19 normal 21 weight
21 weight 22 individuals
22 individuals 23 who
22 individuals 24 were
23 who 24 were
24 were 25 1
25 1 27 )(younger
25 1 31 of
27 )(younger 28 than
28 than 30 years
29 50 30 years
31 of 34 or
32 age 34 or
34 or 39 ci
34 or 40 :
35 1.86 39 ci
37 95 39 ci
38 % 39 ci
39 ci 40 :
40 : 42 -
40 : 46 for
41 1.20 42 -
42 - 43 2.89
46 for 47 trend
47 trend 49 0.008
47 trend 54 white
48 = 49 0.008
49 0.008 52 2
49 0.008 54 white
51 )(, 52 2
52 2 53 )
54 white 64 -
55 ( 64 -
56 or 57 2.06
56 or 61 ci
56 or 62 :
56 or 64 -
59 95 61 ci
60 % 61 ci
61 ci 62 :
64 - 65 3.01
65 3.01 68 for
68 for 76 female
69 trend 76 female
70 ≤0.001 74 3
70 ≤0.001 75 )
70 ≤0.001 76 female
72 )(, 74 3
74 3 75 )
76 female 83 ci
77 ( 83 ci
78 or 79 1.95
78 or 83 ci
81 95 83 ci
82 % 83 ci
83 ci 85 1.38
83 ci 87 2.76
83 ci 94 .
86 - 87 2.76
87 2.76 90 for
87 2.76 93 )
90 for 92 ≤0.001
91 trend 92 ≤0.001

conclusion : the odds of em are increased in those with obesity , with the strongest relationships among those younger than 50 years , white individuals , and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 odds
2 : 8 increased
2 : 24 ,
3 the 4 odds
4 odds 5 of
4 odds 7 are
5 of 6 em
7 are 8 increased
8 increased 9 in
8 increased 14 with
9 in 10 those
10 those 11 with
11 with 12 obesity
13 , 14 with
14 with 17 relationships
14 with 18 among
14 with 24 ,
15 the 16 strongest
15 the 17 relationships
18 among 19 those
19 those 20 younger
20 younger 21 than
21 than 23 years
22 50 23 years
24 , 25 white
25 white 28 and
26 individuals 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 women

many newly diagnosed prostate cancers present as low gleason score tumors that require no treatment intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 many 3 diagnosed
2 newly 3 diagnosed
3 diagnosed 5 cancers
4 prostate 5 cancers
5 cancers 6 present
6 present 7 as
7 as 11 tumors
8 low 11 tumors
9 gleason 11 tumors
10 score 11 tumors
11 tumors 12 that
11 tumors 13 require
12 that 13 require
13 require 16 intervention
14 no 16 intervention
15 treatment 16 intervention

distinguishing the many indolent tumors from the minority of lethal ones remains a major clinical challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 distinguishing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 distinguishing 5 tumors
1 distinguishing 12 remains
2 the 3 many
3 many 5 tumors
4 indolent 5 tumors
5 tumors 6 from
6 from 8 minority
7 the 8 minority
8 minority 9 of
9 of 11 ones
10 lethal 11 ones
12 remains 16 challenge
13 a 14 major
13 a 16 challenge
14 major 16 challenge
15 clinical 16 challenge

we now show that low gleason score prostate tumors can be distinguished as indolent and aggressive subgroups on the basis of their expression of genes associated with aging and senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 3 show
2 now 3 show
3 show 8 prostate
3 show 9 tumors
3 show 12 distinguished
4 that 8 prostate
5 low 8 prostate
6 gleason 8 prostate
7 score 8 prostate
9 tumors 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 distinguished
12 distinguished 13 as
12 distinguished 18 on
13 as 15 and
14 indolent 15 and
15 and 17 subgroups
16 aggressive 17 subgroups
18 on 29 and
19 the 20 basis
20 basis 21 of
20 basis 26 associated
20 basis 27 with
20 basis 29 and
21 of 23 expression
22 their 23 expression
23 expression 24 of
24 of 25 genes
27 with 28 aging
29 and 30 senescence

using gene set enrichment analysis , we identified a 19 [-] gene signature enriched in indolent prostate tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 using 5 analysis
1 using 6 ,
1 using 7 we
2 gene 3 set
3 set 5 analysis
4 enrichment 5 analysis
7 we 8 identified
8 identified 13 signature
9 a 13 signature
10 19 13 signature
12 gene 13 signature
13 signature 14 enriched
14 enriched 15 in
15 in 18 tumors
16 indolent 17 prostate
17 prostate 18 tumors

we then further classified this signature with a decision tree learning model to identify three genes -- fgfr1 , pmp22 , and cdkn1a -- that together accurately predicted outcome of low gleason score tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 classified
1 we 4 classified
2 then 4 classified
3 further 4 classified
4 classified 6 signature
4 classified 13 to
5 this 6 signature
6 signature 7 with
7 with 12 model
8 a 12 model
9 decision 12 model
10 tree 12 model
11 learning 12 model
13 to 14 identify
14 identify 16 genes
15 three 16 genes
16 genes 22 and
17 -- 22 and
18 fgfr1 19 ,
19 , 20 pmp22
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 cdkn1a
22 and 29 outcome
22 and 35 .
24 -- 29 outcome
25 that 29 outcome
26 together 28 predicted
27 accurately 28 predicted
28 predicted 29 outcome
29 outcome 30 of
29 outcome 35 .
30 of 34 tumors
31 low 34 tumors
32 gleason 33 score
33 score 34 tumors

validation of this three [-] gene panel on independent cohorts confirmed its independent prognostic value as well as its ability to improve [prognosis] with currently used clinical nomograms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 validation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 validation 2 of
1 validation 8 on
1 validation 11 confirmed
2 of 7 panel
3 this 7 panel
4 three 6 gene
6 gene 7 panel
8 on 10 cohorts
9 independent 10 cohorts
11 confirmed 15 value
11 confirmed 26 used
12 its 15 value
13 independent 15 value
14 prognostic 15 value
15 value 18 as
15 value 26 used
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 20 ability
19 its 20 ability
20 ability 21 to
20 ability 24 with
21 to 22 improve
22 improve 24 with
25 currently 26 used
26 used 28 nomograms
27 clinical 28 nomograms

furthermore , protein expression of this three [-] gene panel in [biopsy] samples distinguished gleason 6 patients who failed surveillance over a 10 [-] year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 distinguished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 expression
3 protein 4 expression
4 expression 5 of
4 expression 14 distinguished
5 of 10 panel
6 this 10 panel
7 three 9 gene
9 gene 10 panel
10 panel 11 in
11 in 13 samples
14 distinguished 17 patients
15 gleason 16 6
15 gleason 17 patients
17 patients 18 who
17 patients 19 failed
18 who 19 failed
19 failed 20 surveillance
19 failed 21 over
21 over 26 period
22 a 26 period
23 10 25 year
25 year 26 period

we propose that this signature may be incorporated into prognostic assays for monitoring patients on active surveillance to facilitate appropriate courses of treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 5 signature
3 that 8 incorporated
4 this 5 signature
5 signature 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 incorporated
8 incorporated 9 into
8 incorporated 12 for
9 into 11 assays
10 prognostic 11 assays
12 for 13 monitoring
13 monitoring 14 patients
13 monitoring 15 on
15 on 17 surveillance
16 active 17 surveillance
17 surveillance 18 to
17 surveillance 19 facilitate
18 to 19 facilitate
19 facilitate 21 courses
20 appropriate 21 courses
21 courses 22 of
22 of 23 treatment

none genetic lipodystrophic syndromes are rare diseases characterized by generalized or partial fat atrophy ( lipoatrophy ) associated with severe metabolic complications such as insulin resistance ( ir ) , diabetes , dyslipidemia , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , and ovarian hyperandrogenism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 generalized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
1 none 4 syndromes
1 none 9 by
1 none 10 generalized
2 genetic 4 syndromes
3 lipodystrophic 4 syndromes
4 syndromes 5 are
5 are 7 diseases
5 are 9 by
6 rare 7 diseases
7 diseases 8 characterized
11 or 14 atrophy
11 or 18 associated
12 partial 14 atrophy
13 fat 14 atrophy
14 atrophy 16 lipoatrophy
14 atrophy 18 associated
15 ( 16 lipoatrophy
16 lipoatrophy 17 )
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 24 as
19 with 22 complications
20 severe 22 complications
21 metabolic 22 complications
23 such 24 as
24 as 26 resistance
25 insulin 26 resistance
26 resistance 28 ir
26 resistance 40 and
27 ( 28 ir
28 ir 29 )
30 , 40 and
31 diabetes 32 ,
32 , 33 dyslipidemia
32 , 34 ,
34 , 38 disease
34 , 40 and
35 nonalcoholic 37 liver
36 fatty 37 liver
37 liver 38 disease
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 hyperandrogenism
40 and 43 .
41 ovarian 42 hyperandrogenism

during the last 15 years , mutations in several genes have been shown to be responsible for monogenic forms of lipodystrophic syndromes , of autosomal dominant or recessive transmission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 shown
1 during 5 years
1 during 6 ,
1 during 7 mutations
2 the 5 years
3 last 5 years
4 15 5 years
7 mutations 8 in
7 mutations 11 have
8 in 10 genes
9 several 10 genes
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 shown
13 shown 14 to
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 responsible
16 responsible 17 for
17 for 19 forms
18 monogenic 19 forms
19 forms 20 of
20 of 22 syndromes
21 lipodystrophic 22 syndromes
22 syndromes 24 of
23 , 24 of
24 of 29 transmission
24 of 30 .
25 autosomal 29 transmission
26 dominant 27 or
27 or 28 recessive
27 or 29 transmission

although the molecular basis of lipodystrophies is heterogeneous , most mutated genes lead to impaired adipogenesis , adipocyte lipid storage , and/or formation or maintenance of the adipocyte lipid droplet ( ld ) , showing that primary alterations of adipose tissue ( at ) can result in severe systemic metabolic and endocrine consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 although 4 basis
1 although 7 is
1 although 13 lead
2 the 4 basis
3 molecular 4 basis
4 basis 5 of
4 basis 7 is
5 of 6 lipodystrophies
7 is 12 genes
8 heterogeneous 9 ,
8 heterogeneous 12 genes
10 most 11 mutated
11 mutated 12 genes
13 lead 14 to
14 to 16 adipogenesis
15 impaired 16 adipogenesis
17 , 18 adipocyte
18 adipocyte 20 storage
18 adipocyte 22 and/or
19 lipid 20 storage
21 , 22 and/or
22 and/or 24 or
23 formation 24 or
24 or 25 maintenance
24 or 34 ,
24 or 35 showing
24 or 46 result
25 maintenance 26 of
26 of 30 droplet
27 the 30 droplet
28 adipocyte 30 droplet
29 lipid 30 droplet
30 droplet 32 ld
31 ( 32 ld
32 ld 33 )
35 showing 38 alterations
35 showing 45 can
36 that 37 primary
37 primary 38 alterations
38 alterations 39 of
38 alterations 45 can
39 of 41 tissue
40 adipose 41 tissue
41 tissue 43 at
42 ( 43 at
43 at 44 )
46 result 47 in
47 in 53 consequences
48 severe 53 consequences
49 systemic 53 consequences
50 metabolic 51 and
51 and 52 endocrine
51 and 53 consequences

the reduced expandability of at alters its ability to buffer excess caloric intake , leading to ectopic lipid storage that impairs insulin signaling and other cellular functions ( " lipotoxicity " ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expandability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 alters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 expandability
2 reduced 3 expandability
3 expandability 4 of
3 expandability 6 alters
4 of 5 at
6 alters 8 ability
7 its 8 ability
8 ability 9 to
8 ability 10 buffer
9 to 10 buffer
10 buffer 13 intake
11 excess 13 intake
12 caloric 13 intake
14 , 15 leading
14 , 21 impairs
15 leading 16 to
15 leading 20 that
15 leading 21 impairs
16 to 19 storage
17 ectopic 18 lipid
18 lipid 19 storage
21 impairs 24 and
22 insulin 23 signaling
22 insulin 24 and
24 and 27 functions
24 and 30 lipotoxicity
25 other 27 functions
26 cellular 27 functions
28 ( 29 "
28 ( 30 lipotoxicity
30 lipotoxicity 31 "
30 lipotoxicity 32 )

genetic studies have also pointed out the close relationships between ageing , inflammatory processes , lipodystrophy , and ir . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pointed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 genetic 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 5 pointed
4 also 5 pointed
5 pointed 6 out
5 pointed 9 relationships
5 pointed 10 between
7 the 9 relationships
8 close 9 relationships
10 between 18 and
11 ageing 12 ,
12 , 14 processes
12 , 15 ,
13 inflammatory 14 processes
15 , 16 lipodystrophy
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 ir

cigarette smoking causes various diseases , including lung cancer and cardiovascular disease , and [reduces] life span , though the mechanisms are not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 smoking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 cigarette 2 smoking
2 smoking 3 causes
3 causes 5 diseases
3 causes 7 including
4 various 5 diseases
6 , 7 including
7 including 14 and
7 including 18 ,
8 lung 9 cancer
9 cancer 10 and
10 and 12 disease
10 and 14 and
11 cardiovascular 12 disease
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 span
16 life 17 span
18 , 24 well
18 , 25 understood
19 though 21 mechanisms
19 though 22 are
19 though 24 well
20 the 21 mechanisms
21 mechanisms 22 are
22 are 23 not
24 well 25 understood

we hypothesize that smoking may cause cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress , leading to aging acceleration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 3 that
3 that 4 smoking
3 that 6 cause
4 smoking 5 may
5 may 6 cause
6 cause 10 and
6 cause 15 to
7 cellular 9 dysfunction
8 mitochondrial 9 dysfunction
9 dysfunction 10 and
10 and 12 stress
10 and 13 ,
10 and 14 leading
11 oxidative 12 stress
15 to 16 aging
16 aging 17 acceleration

in the present study , we tested the effects of acrolein , a major representative smoking toxicant , on human lung fibroblast imr - 90 cells with regard to cellular senescence , oxidative stress , and mitochondrial function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 tested
7 tested 9 effects
8 the 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
10 of 11 acrolein
12 , 36 and
13 a 15 representative
14 major 15 representative
15 representative 16 smoking
15 representative 36 and
16 smoking 17 toxicant
16 smoking 19 on
18 , 19 on
19 on 23 imr
19 on 35 ,
20 human 21 lung
21 lung 23 imr
22 fibroblast 23 imr
23 imr 26 cells
23 imr 34 stress
24 - 26 cells
25 90 26 cells
26 cells 27 with
26 cells 32 ,
27 with 28 regard
28 regard 29 to
29 to 31 senescence
30 cellular 31 senescence
32 , 34 stress
33 oxidative 34 stress
34 stress 35 ,
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 function
37 mitochondrial 38 function

background and aims : the aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the safety of both diagnostic and therapeutic endosonography ( eus ) in geriatric population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 6 aim
4 : 11 is
4 : 28 .
5 the 6 aim
6 aim 7 of
6 aim 11 is
7 of 10 study
8 this 10 study
9 prospective 10 study
11 is 12 to
11 is 25 in
12 to 13 evaluate
13 evaluate 15 safety
14 the 15 safety
15 safety 16 of
15 safety 23 eus
16 of 19 and
17 both 19 and
18 diagnostic 19 and
19 and 21 endosonography
20 therapeutic 21 endosonography
22 ( 23 eus
23 eus 24 )
25 in 27 population
26 geriatric 27 population

methods : the study population , consisting of 222 patients who underwent endosonographic evaluation [for] different indications , was divided into two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 population
2 : 20 divided
2 : 24 .
3 the 5 population
4 study 5 population
5 population 7 consisting
5 population 19 was
6 , 7 consisting
7 consisting 8 of
7 consisting 18 ,
8 of 10 patients
9 222 10 patients
10 patients 11 who
10 patients 12 underwent
11 who 12 underwent
12 underwent 17 indications
13 endosonographic 14 evaluation
14 evaluation 17 indications
16 different 17 indications
19 was 20 divided
20 divided 21 into
21 into 23 groups
22 two 23 groups

group i consisted of 165 patients , ≥ 65 years old ; group ii consisted of 57 controls , < 65 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
1 group 2 i
1 group 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 6 patients
5 165 6 patients
6 patients 8 ≥
7 , 8 ≥
8 ≥ 11 old
8 ≥ 12 ;
9 65 10 years
10 years 11 old
12 ; 13 group
12 ; 15 consisted
13 group 14 ii
13 group 15 consisted
15 consisted 16 of
16 of 18 controls
17 57 18 controls
18 controls 23 old
19 , 23 old
20 < 21 65
21 65 22 years
22 years 23 old
23 old 24 .

the demographic information with clinical parameters , procedure medication used and complications was noted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 information
2 demographic 3 information
3 information 4 with
3 information 13 was
4 with 11 and
5 clinical 6 parameters
6 parameters 7 ,
7 , 9 medication
7 , 11 and
8 procedure 9 medication
9 medication 10 used
11 and 12 complications
13 was 14 noted

results : the median age of group i was 72 years ( range 65 - 93 years ) [vs] . 46 years [(] range 26 - 64 years ) for group ii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 5 age
2 : 9 was
3 the 5 age
4 median 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 9 was
6 of 7 group
7 group 8 i
9 was 11 years
10 72 11 years
11 years 13 range
12 ( 13 range
13 range 14 65
13 range 17 years
13 range 18 )
15 - 17 years
16 93 17 years
17 years 18 )
20 . 22 years
20 . 24 range
20 . 33 .
21 46 22 years
22 years 24 range
24 range 25 26
24 range 30 for
25 26 28 years
26 - 28 years
27 64 28 years
28 years 29 )
30 for 31 group
31 group 32 ii

female - [to] [-] male ratio [was] 82/83 in group i , [while] 32/25 in group ii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 female
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 6 ratio
5 male 6 ratio
6 ratio 8 82/83
6 ratio 9 in
9 in 10 group
10 group 11 i
10 group 14 32/25
12 , 14 32/25
14 32/25 15 in
14 32/25 18 .
15 in 16 group
16 group 17 ii

pulse rate ( 84 vs [.] 89 beats/min , p = 0.024 [ )( basal oxygen saturation ( 94 vs [.] 97 % , p < 0.001 [ )(levels were lower in group i when compared with the control group [,] [while] systolic blood pressure measurements [(] 150 vs [.] 130 mmhg , p < 0.001 ) were significantly higher in group i [.] no cases of procedure - related bleeding , perforation and mortality were observed in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pulse
1 pulse 2 rate
2 rate 4 84
2 rate 11 =
3 ( 4 84
4 84 5 vs
4 84 9 ,
5 vs 8 beats/min
7 89 8 beats/min
10 p 11 =
11 = 17 saturation
12 0.024 17 saturation
15 basal 16 oxygen
16 oxygen 17 saturation
17 saturation 19 94
17 saturation 26 <
18 ( 19 94
19 94 20 vs
19 94 24 ,
20 vs 23 %
22 97 23 %
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.001
27 0.001 29 )(levels
27 0.001 31 lower
29 )(levels 30 were
30 were 31 lower
31 lower 32 in
31 lower 35 when
31 lower 37 with
32 in 33 group
33 group 34 i
35 when 36 compared
37 with 46 measurements
38 the 46 measurements
39 control 46 measurements
40 group 45 pressure
43 systolic 45 pressure
44 blood 45 pressure
45 pressure 46 measurements
46 measurements 48 150
46 measurements 58 were
48 150 49 vs
48 150 55 <
48 150 58 were
49 vs 52 mmhg
51 130 52 mmhg
53 , 55 <
54 p 55 <
55 < 56 0.001
55 < 57 )
58 were 59 significantly
58 were 60 higher
58 were 61 in
61 in 66 cases
62 group 63 i
62 group 66 cases
65 no 66 cases
66 cases 67 of
66 cases 71 bleeding
67 of 68 procedure
69 - 71 bleeding
70 related 71 bleeding
71 bleeding 72 ,
72 , 77 observed
73 perforation 74 and
74 and 75 mortality
74 and 76 were
76 were 77 observed
77 observed 78 in
77 observed 81 .
78 in 80 groups
79 both 80 groups

conclusion : despite the well - known relative increased procedural risks , advanced age is not a contraindication for advanced endoscopic interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 14 age
2 : 15 is
2 : 23 .
3 despite 5 well
3 despite 12 ,
3 despite 14 age
4 the 5 well
5 well 11 risks
6 - 11 risks
7 known 11 risks
8 relative 9 increased
9 increased 11 risks
10 procedural 11 risks
11 risks 12 ,
13 advanced 14 age
14 age 15 is
15 is 16 not
15 is 18 contraindication
17 a 18 contraindication
18 contraindication 19 for
19 for 22 interventions
20 advanced 22 interventions
21 endoscopic 22 interventions

eus can be regarded as a safe and effective procedure in ≥ 65 years old population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regarded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 eus 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 regarded
4 regarded 5 as
4 regarded 11 in
5 as 8 and
6 a 7 safe
7 safe 8 and
8 and 10 procedure
9 effective 10 procedure
11 in 16 population
12 ≥ 16 population
13 65 14 years
14 years 16 population
15 old 16 population

long - term treatment with bisphosphonates has been related to atypical femoral fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 long 2 -
1 long 3 term
3 term 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 with
4 treatment 7 has
5 with 6 bisphosphonates
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 13 fractures
11 atypical 13 fractures
12 femoral 13 fractures

we report the clinical case of a woman who suffered a proximal diaphyseal oblique fracture of the left femur after uninterrupted [13] - year treatment with alendronate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 5 case
2 report 20 after
2 report 26 with
3 the 5 case
4 clinical 5 case
5 case 6 of
5 case 9 who
5 case 10 suffered
6 of 8 woman
7 a 8 woman
9 who 10 suffered
10 suffered 15 fracture
11 a 12 proximal
11 a 15 fracture
12 proximal 15 fracture
13 diaphyseal 15 fracture
14 oblique 15 fracture
15 fracture 16 of
16 of 19 femur
17 the 19 femur
18 left 19 femur
20 after 25 treatment
21 uninterrupted 23 -
21 uninterrupted 25 treatment
24 year 25 treatment
26 with 27 alendronate

shortly after surgery , a painful lytic image in the external cortex of her right femur diaphysis was detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 image
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 shortly 2 after
2 after 3 surgery
2 after 4 ,
2 after 8 image
5 a 6 painful
5 a 8 image
6 painful 8 image
7 lytic 8 image
8 image 9 in
8 image 18 was
9 in 12 cortex
10 the 12 cortex
11 external 12 cortex
12 cortex 13 of
13 of 17 diaphysis
14 her 17 diaphysis
15 right 16 femur
16 femur 17 diaphysis
18 was 19 detected

some papers have suggested surgical treatment to repair femur fractures after long - term treatment with bisphosphonates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 papers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 repair
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 some 2 papers
2 papers 3 have
3 have 4 suggested
4 suggested 6 treatment
4 suggested 7 to
5 surgical 6 treatment
7 to 8 repair
8 repair 10 fractures
8 repair 11 after
8 repair 16 with
9 femur 10 fractures
11 after 15 treatment
12 long 13 -
12 long 14 term
14 term 15 treatment
16 with 17 bisphosphonates

otherwise , two studies have shown healing acceleration of bone fractures with teriparatide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 otherwise 2 ,
1 otherwise 4 studies
3 two 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 shown
6 shown 8 acceleration
6 shown 12 with
7 healing 8 acceleration
8 acceleration 9 of
9 of 11 fractures
10 bone 11 fractures
12 with 13 teriparatide

a lytic lesion was treated with teriparatide obtaining progressive disappearance [of] symptoms as well as bone healing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lesion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 lytic
1 a 3 lesion
2 lytic 3 lesion
3 lesion 4 was
4 was 5 treated
5 treated 6 with
5 treated 14 well
5 treated 15 as
6 with 7 teriparatide
7 teriparatide 8 obtaining
8 obtaining 12 symptoms
9 progressive 10 disappearance
10 disappearance 12 symptoms
13 as 14 well
15 as 17 healing
16 bone 17 healing

this outcome may suggest a way of prevention of complete fractures in symptomatic patients with long - term treatment with bisphosphonates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 may
3 may 4 suggest
4 suggest 6 way
4 suggest 12 in
4 suggest 15 with
4 suggest 20 with
5 a 6 way
6 way 7 of
7 of 8 prevention
8 prevention 9 of
9 of 11 fractures
10 complete 11 fractures
12 in 14 patients
13 symptomatic 14 patients
15 with 19 treatment
16 long 17 -
16 long 18 term
18 term 19 treatment
20 with 21 bisphosphonates

background : heading impairs cognition in the short and medium - terms ; however , little is known about the long - term consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 heading
2 : 4 impairs
2 : 13 ;
2 : 18 known
2 : 25 .
3 heading 4 impairs
4 impairs 5 cognition
4 impairs 6 in
6 in 9 and
7 the 8 short
8 short 9 and
9 and 12 terms
10 medium 11 -
10 medium 12 terms
13 ; 16 little
14 however 15 ,
14 however 16 little
16 little 17 is
17 is 18 known
18 known 19 about
19 about 24 consequences
20 the 24 consequences
21 long 22 -
21 long 24 consequences
23 term 24 consequences

this study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that chronic low - level head trauma [is] associated [with] persistent cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 20 decline
6 the 20 decline
7 hypothesis 16 associated
8 that 9 chronic
9 chronic 12 level
10 low 11 -
10 low 12 level
12 level 16 associated
13 head 16 associated
14 trauma 16 associated
16 associated 20 decline
18 persistent 20 decline
19 cognitive 20 decline

methods : all members of former player associations ( fpas ) from four professional football clubs in the uk were contacted to participate in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 members
2 : 21 contacted
3 all 4 members
4 members 5 of
4 members 12 from
4 members 17 in
4 members 20 were
5 of 8 associations
6 former 7 player
7 player 8 associations
8 associations 10 fpas
9 ( 10 fpas
10 fpas 11 )
12 from 16 clubs
13 four 16 clubs
14 professional 15 football
15 football 16 clubs
17 in 19 uk
18 the 19 uk
20 were 21 contacted
21 contacted 22 to
22 to 23 participate
23 participate 24 in
24 in 26 study
25 the 26 study

participants were required to complete a self [-] assessed test of cognition , the test your memory questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 required
3 required 4 to
3 required 5 complete
4 to 5 complete
5 complete 10 test
6 a 10 test
7 self 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 test
10 test 11 of
11 of 12 cognition
13 , 18 questionnaire
14 the 18 questionnaire
15 test 16 your
16 your 17 memory
17 memory 18 questionnaire

further information was collected from respondents in order to analyse the potential effect of a number of variables on cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 further 2 information
2 information 3 was
3 was 4 collected
4 collected 5 from
4 collected 7 in
4 collected 9 to
4 collected 10 analyse
5 from 6 respondents
7 in 8 order
9 to 10 analyse
10 analyse 13 effect
10 analyse 19 on
11 the 13 effect
12 potential 13 effect
13 effect 14 of
14 of 18 variables
15 a 16 number
16 number 17 of
16 number 18 variables
17 of 18 variables
19 on 20 cognition

results : 10 of 92 respondents ( 10.87 % ) screened positive for possible mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) or dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 10
2 : 11 screened
2 : 23 .
3 10 4 of
3 10 11 screened
4 of 6 respondents
5 92 6 respondents
6 respondents 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 10.87 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 screened 21 or
12 positive 13 for
12 positive 21 or
13 for 17 impairment
14 possible 17 impairment
15 mild 17 impairment
16 cognitive 17 impairment
17 impairment 19 mci
18 ( 19 mci
19 mci 20 )
21 or 22 dementia

there was no association between low - risk and high - risk playing positions ( hr [=] 0.40 , p = 0.456 ) or length of playing career [(] hr = 1.051 95 % ci 0.879 to 1.257 , p = 0.586 ) and a positive screening result . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 association
3 no 4 association
4 association 5 between
5 between 9 and
6 low 7 -
6 low 8 risk
8 risk 9 and
9 and 10 high
11 - 12 risk
11 - 24 or
12 risk 14 positions
12 risk 21 =
13 playing 14 positions
14 positions 16 hr
15 ( 16 hr
16 hr 18 0.40
16 hr 19 ,
20 p 21 =
21 = 22 0.456
21 = 23 )
24 or 25 length
24 or 31 =
25 length 26 of
25 length 31 =
26 of 27 playing
27 playing 30 hr
28 career 30 hr
31 = 44 and
32 1.051 35 ci
33 95 35 ci
34 % 35 ci
35 ci 36 0.879
35 ci 37 to
35 ci 44 and
37 to 38 1.257
38 1.257 41 =
39 , 41 =
40 p 41 =
41 = 42 0.586
41 = 43 )
44 and 48 result
45 a 48 result
46 positive 48 result
47 screening 48 result

age was a risk factor ( hr [=] 1.137 per additional year , 95 % ci 1.030 to 1.255 , p < 0.05 ) , although this was not significantly different from the population prevalence across age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 age 2 was
2 was 5 factor
2 was 26 although
3 a 5 factor
4 risk 5 factor
5 factor 7 hr
5 factor 16 ci
6 ( 7 hr
7 hr 9 1.137
7 hr 10 per
7 hr 13 ,
10 per 12 year
11 additional 12 year
13 , 16 ci
14 95 16 ci
15 % 16 ci
16 ci 18 to
16 ci 22 <
16 ci 25 ,
17 1.030 18 to
18 to 19 1.255
20 , 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.05
22 < 24 )
26 although 27 this
26 although 28 was
27 this 28 was
28 was 29 not
28 was 30 significantly
28 was 31 different
29 not 30 significantly
31 different 32 from
31 different 36 across
32 from 35 prevalence
33 the 35 prevalence
34 population 35 prevalence
36 across 38 groups
37 age 38 groups

conclusions : these results suggest that once a player ends their playing career , their risk of harm falls in line with the population , suggesting either that changes are reversible or that heading may not be as harmful as commonly thought [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 14 ,
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
5 suggest 7 once
7 once 9 player
7 once 10 ends
8 a 9 player
9 player 10 ends
10 ends 13 career
11 their 13 career
12 playing 13 career
14 , 16 risk
14 , 19 falls
14 , 25 ,
15 their 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
16 risk 19 falls
17 of 18 harm
19 falls 21 line
19 falls 22 with
20 in 21 line
22 with 24 population
23 the 24 population
25 , 26 suggesting
25 , 30 are
25 , 32 or
26 suggesting 27 either
26 suggesting 28 that
26 suggesting 30 are
29 changes 30 are
30 are 31 reversible
32 or 34 heading
33 that 34 heading
34 heading 35 may
35 may 36 not
35 may 37 be
37 be 39 harmful
38 as 39 harmful
39 harmful 40 as
40 as 42 thought
41 commonly 42 thought

future longitudinal studies of large numbers of professional football players are needed to support the findings from this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 future 3 studies
2 longitudinal 3 studies
3 studies 4 of
3 studies 7 of
3 studies 11 are
4 of 6 numbers
5 large 6 numbers
7 of 10 players
8 professional 10 players
9 football 10 players
11 are 12 needed
12 needed 13 to
13 to 14 support
14 support 16 findings
15 the 16 findings
16 findings 17 from
17 from 19 study
18 this 19 study

drug addiction is often underestimated among the aged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addiction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 underestimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 drug 2 addiction
2 addiction 3 is
3 is 5 underestimated
4 often 5 underestimated
5 underestimated 6 among
6 among 8 aged
7 the 8 aged

opiate drugs ( mostly pain killers ) are the most frequently implicated in drug addiction after benzodiazepines ( bzd ) in the aged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 opiate 2 drugs
2 drugs 6 killers
2 drugs 8 are
3 ( 4 mostly
3 ( 6 killers
5 pain 6 killers
6 killers 7 )
8 are 10 most
8 are 12 implicated
9 the 10 most
11 frequently 12 implicated
12 implicated 13 in
12 implicated 16 after
12 implicated 21 in
13 in 15 addiction
14 drug 15 addiction
16 after 17 benzodiazepines
17 benzodiazepines 19 bzd
18 ( 19 bzd
19 bzd 20 )
21 in 23 aged
22 the 23 aged

the subjects aged [of] 65 years or more are the most represented among the bzd users in france . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 aged
3 aged 6 years
5 65 6 years
7 or 8 more
7 or 12 represented
8 more 9 are
9 are 11 most
9 are 12 represented
10 the 11 most
12 represented 13 among
12 represented 17 in
13 among 16 users
14 the 16 users
15 bzd 16 users
17 in 18 france

frequency of bzd use varies according to various studies from 39 to 55 % in this age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 varies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 frequency 2 of
1 frequency 5 varies
2 of 4 use
3 bzd 4 use
5 varies 7 to
5 varies 12 to
6 according 7 to
7 to 9 studies
8 various 9 studies
10 from 12 to
11 39 12 to
12 to 13 55
13 55 14 %
14 % 15 in
14 % 18 group
15 in 17 age
16 this 17 age

leading a lonely life is associated with the use of psychotropic drugs among retired people ( or=1.7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 leading
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 leading 4 life
1 leading 5 is
2 a 3 lonely
2 a 4 life
3 lonely 4 life
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 13 among
7 with 9 use
8 the 9 use
9 use 10 of
10 of 12 drugs
11 psychotropic 12 drugs
13 among 15 people
14 retired 15 people
15 people 17 or=1.7
16 ( 17 or=1.7
17 or=1.7 18 )

vulnerability at this age must take into account not only polypathology , but also the faster aging of a minority of the population under opiate drugs substitution treatment ( ost ) , more subjects to drugs interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vulnerability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 vulnerability 2 at
1 vulnerability 5 must
2 at 4 age
3 this 4 age
5 must 6 take
6 take 8 account
6 take 14 also
6 take 24 under
7 into 8 account
9 not 10 only
10 only 14 also
11 polypathology 14 also
12 , 14 also
13 but 14 also
14 also 17 aging
15 the 17 aging
16 faster 17 aging
17 aging 18 of
17 aging 21 of
18 of 20 minority
19 a 20 minority
21 of 23 population
22 the 23 population
24 under 28 treatment
25 opiate 27 substitution
26 drugs 27 substitution
27 substitution 28 treatment
28 treatment 30 ost
29 ( 30 ost
30 ost 31 )
32 , 33 more
32 , 34 subjects
33 more 34 subjects
34 subjects 35 to
34 subjects 37 interaction
35 to 36 drugs

drug addiction [among] [elderly] often reflects the drift of " lawful " doctor 's instructions that leads to an increase in drugs use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 drug 2 addiction
1 drug 6 reflects
1 drug 14 's
2 addiction 6 reflects
5 often 6 reflects
6 reflects 8 drift
7 the 8 drift
8 drift 9 of
9 of 10 "
9 of 13 doctor
11 lawful 12 "
11 lawful 13 doctor
14 's 15 instructions
15 instructions 16 that
15 instructions 17 leads
15 instructions 18 to
15 instructions 21 in
16 that 17 leads
18 to 20 increase
19 an 20 increase
21 in 23 use
22 drugs 23 use

the difficulty has to do with a lack of specificity of diagnosis of addiction at this age , but perhaps also [with] physicans'instructions in the aged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difficulty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 difficulty
2 difficulty 19 but
3 has 4 to
3 has 6 with
3 has 15 at
3 has 19 but
4 to 5 do
6 with 8 lack
7 a 8 lack
8 lack 9 of
9 of 10 specificity
10 specificity 11 of
11 of 12 diagnosis
12 diagnosis 13 of
13 of 14 addiction
15 at 17 age
16 this 17 age
18 , 19 but
19 but 23 physicans'instructions
20 perhaps 23 physicans'instructions
21 also 23 physicans'instructions
23 physicans'instructions 24 in
24 in 26 aged
25 the 26 aged

some authors suggest that continued and prolonged use should be considered the main criterion for bzd addiction at this age , [with] or [without] increase in doses and failed attempt at cessation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 some 2 authors
2 authors 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 5 continued
4 that 5 continued
6 and 8 use
6 and 23 or
7 prolonged 8 use
8 use 9 should
9 should 10 be
10 be 23 or
11 considered 14 criterion
11 considered 17 addiction
11 considered 18 at
11 considered 23 or
12 the 14 criterion
13 main 14 criterion
14 criterion 15 for
15 for 16 bzd
18 at 20 age
19 this 20 age
21 , 23 or
23 or 25 increase
23 or 31 at
25 increase 26 in
26 in 28 and
27 doses 28 and
28 and 30 attempt
29 failed 30 attempt
31 at 32 cessation

besides , the prescription of bzd increases after retirement and loneliness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 prescription
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 besides 2 ,
1 besides 4 prescription
3 the 4 prescription
4 prescription 5 of
4 prescription 7 increases
5 of 6 bzd
7 increases 8 after
8 after 10 and
9 retirement 10 and
10 and 11 loneliness

we previously reported that aging and/or cytochrome p450 2d6 [polymorphism] are responsible for the interindividual variability in the systemic clearance ( cl ) and bioavailability [(] f ) of metoprolol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 3 reported
2 previously 3 reported
3 reported 4 that
4 that 5 aging
5 aging 6 and/or
6 and/or 9 2d6
7 cytochrome 9 2d6
8 p450 9 2d6
9 2d6 11 are
11 are 24 and
12 responsible 13 for
12 responsible 24 and
13 for 16 variability
14 the 16 variability
15 interindividual 16 variability
16 variability 17 in
17 in 20 clearance
18 the 20 clearance
19 systemic 20 clearance
20 clearance 22 cl
21 ( 22 cl
22 cl 23 )
24 and 25 bioavailability
24 and 28 )
24 and 29 of
25 bioavailability 27 f
29 of 30 metoprolol

the aim of the present study was to evaluate the residual variability of f of metoprolol in routinely treated japanese patients and to investigate the intestinal absorption mechanism of the drug using human intestinal epithelial ls180 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 22 and
8 to 22 and
9 evaluate 12 variability
9 evaluate 17 in
9 evaluate 22 and
10 the 12 variability
11 residual 12 variability
12 variability 13 of
12 variability 15 of
13 of 14 f
15 of 16 metoprolol
17 in 21 patients
18 routinely 19 treated
19 treated 21 patients
20 japanese 21 patients
22 and 23 to
22 and 24 investigate
22 and 32 using
23 to 24 investigate
24 investigate 28 mechanism
25 the 28 mechanism
26 intestinal 27 absorption
27 absorption 28 mechanism
28 mechanism 29 of
29 of 31 drug
30 the 31 drug
32 using 37 cells
33 human 37 cells
34 intestinal 37 cells
35 epithelial 37 cells
36 ls180 37 cells

we first [re] [-] analyzed the blood concentration data for metoprolol in 34 japanese patients using a nonlinear mixed effects model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 first
2 first 5 analyzed
5 analyzed 9 data
5 analyzed 12 in
5 analyzed 16 using
6 the 9 data
7 blood 9 data
8 concentration 9 data
9 data 10 for
10 for 11 metoprolol
12 in 15 patients
13 34 15 patients
14 japanese 15 patients
16 using 21 model
17 a 18 nonlinear
17 a 21 model
18 nonlinear 20 effects
19 mixed 20 effects
20 effects 21 model

furthermore , the cellular uptake of metoprolol was saturable , and was significantly decreased in the presence of hydrophobic cationic drugs such as diphenhydramine , procainamide , bisoprolol , and quinidine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 uptake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 uptake
3 the 5 uptake
4 cellular 5 uptake
5 uptake 6 of
5 uptake 11 and
6 of 7 metoprolol
8 was 9 saturable
8 was 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 was
12 was 14 decreased
13 significantly 14 decreased
14 decreased 15 in
15 in 17 presence
16 the 17 presence
17 presence 18 of
18 of 21 drugs
19 hydrophobic 21 drugs
20 cationic 21 drugs
21 drugs 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 30 and
24 diphenhydramine 25 ,
25 , 26 procainamide
25 , 27 ,
27 , 28 bisoprolol
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 quinidine

these findings indicate that residual variability of f is one of the causes of the interindividual pharmacokinetic variability of metoprolol , and that [the] interindividual variability [of] not only presystemic first - pass metabolism , but also intestinal absorption , may be responsible for the variable f of the drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 variability
4 that 9 is
5 residual 6 variability
6 variability 7 of
6 variability 9 is
7 of 8 f
9 is 10 one
10 one 11 of
10 one 14 of
10 one 19 of
11 of 13 causes
12 the 13 causes
14 of 18 variability
15 the 18 variability
16 interindividual 18 variability
17 pharmacokinetic 18 variability
19 of 22 and
20 metoprolol 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 26 variability
23 that 25 interindividual
25 interindividual 26 variability
28 not 29 only
28 not 34 metabolism
28 not 42 be
30 presystemic 31 first
30 presystemic 32 -
30 presystemic 34 metabolism
33 pass 34 metabolism
34 metabolism 36 but
34 metabolism 41 may
35 , 36 but
36 but 37 also
36 but 39 absorption
36 but 40 ,
38 intestinal 39 absorption
41 may 42 be
42 be 43 responsible
43 responsible 44 for
44 for 46 variable
45 the 46 variable
46 variable 47 f
46 variable 48 of
48 of 50 drug
49 the 50 drug

quantitative magnetic resonance ( mr ) [imaging] allows visualization of age - related changes in the normal human brain from functional , biochemical , and morphologic perspectives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resonance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 allows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 quantitative 3 resonance
2 magnetic 3 resonance
3 resonance 5 mr
3 resonance 8 allows
4 ( 5 mr
5 mr 6 )
8 allows 9 visualization
9 visualization 10 of
10 of 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 changes
13 related 15 in
15 in 19 brain
16 the 19 brain
17 normal 19 brain
18 human 19 brain
19 brain 20 from
20 from 27 perspectives
21 functional 22 ,
21 functional 27 perspectives
23 biochemical 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 morphologic
25 and 27 perspectives

findings at quantitative mr imaging support age - related microstructural changes in the brain [:] ( a [ )(volume expansion , increased myelination , and axonal growth , which establish neural connectivity in neurodevelopment , followed by [(] [b] [ )(volume loss , myelin breakdown , and axonal degradation , leading to the disruption of neural integrity later in life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 findings 2 at
1 findings 5 imaging
1 findings 7 age
2 at 4 mr
3 quantitative 4 mr
5 imaging 6 support
8 - 11 changes
9 related 11 changes
10 microstructural 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 20 expansion
11 changes 22 increased
12 in 14 brain
13 the 14 brain
16 ( 20 expansion
17 a 20 expansion
19 )(volume 20 expansion
20 expansion 21 ,
22 increased 25 and
23 myelination 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 growth
25 and 29 which
26 axonal 27 growth
28 , 29 which
29 which 35 ,
30 establish 32 connectivity
30 establish 33 in
30 establish 35 ,
31 neural 32 connectivity
33 in 34 neurodevelopment
35 , 36 followed
35 , 37 by
35 , 47 and
37 by 41 )(volume
42 loss 43 ,
43 , 45 breakdown
43 , 47 and
44 myelin 45 breakdown
46 , 47 and
47 and 49 degradation
47 and 51 leading
48 axonal 49 degradation
50 , 51 leading
51 leading 52 to
51 leading 58 later
51 leading 59 in
51 leading 61 .
52 to 54 disruption
53 the 54 disruption
54 disruption 55 of
55 of 57 integrity
56 neural 57 integrity
59 in 60 life

a rapid growth change followed by a continuous slower change in quantitative mr parameters can be modeled with a logarithmic or exponential decay function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 modeled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 rapid
1 a 4 change
2 rapid 3 growth
3 growth 4 change
4 change 5 followed
4 change 6 by
4 change 11 in
4 change 15 can
6 by 10 change
7 a 8 continuous
7 a 10 change
8 continuous 10 change
9 slower 10 change
11 in 14 parameters
12 quantitative 14 parameters
13 mr 14 parameters
15 can 16 be
16 be 17 modeled
17 modeled 18 with
18 with 24 function
19 a 24 function
20 logarithmic 21 or
21 or 22 exponential
21 or 23 decay
23 decay 24 function

the age dependencies during adulthood often fit a quadratic model for transitional changes with accelerated aging effects or a linear model for steady changes.understanding these general trends over the human life span can improve assessment for a specific disease by helping determine appropriate study settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dependencies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 3 dependencies
2 age 3 dependencies
3 dependencies 4 during
3 dependencies 18 or
4 during 5 adulthood
6 often 7 fit
7 fit 10 model
7 fit 14 with
7 fit 18 or
8 a 10 model
9 quadratic 10 model
10 model 11 for
11 for 13 changes
12 transitional 13 changes
14 with 17 effects
15 accelerated 17 effects
16 aging 17 effects
18 or 34 improve
18 or 36 for
19 a 21 model
20 linear 21 model
21 model 22 for
21 model 33 can
22 for 24 changes.understanding
23 steady 24 changes.understanding
24 changes.understanding 27 trends
24 changes.understanding 32 span
25 these 27 trends
26 general 27 trends
27 trends 28 over
27 trends 32 span
28 over 31 life
29 the 31 life
30 human 31 life
33 can 34 improve
34 improve 35 assessment
36 for 39 disease
37 a 38 specific
37 a 39 disease
38 specific 39 disease
39 disease 40 by
40 by 41 helping
41 helping 42 determine
42 determine 45 settings
43 appropriate 44 study
44 study 45 settings

once a consensus on acquisition techniques and image processing algorithms has been reached , quantitative mr imaging can play an important role in the assessment of disease states affecting the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 once 3 consensus
1 once 13 reached
1 once 17 imaging
2 a 3 consensus
3 consensus 4 on
3 consensus 9 processing
3 consensus 11 has
4 on 7 and
5 acquisition 6 techniques
6 techniques 7 and
7 and 8 image
9 processing 10 algorithms
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 reached
13 reached 14 ,
15 quantitative 17 imaging
16 mr 17 imaging
17 imaging 18 can
18 can 19 play
19 play 22 role
19 play 23 in
20 an 21 important
20 an 22 role
21 important 22 role
23 in 25 assessment
24 the 25 assessment
25 assessment 26 of
26 of 28 states
27 disease 28 states
28 states 29 affecting
29 affecting 31 brain
30 the 31 brain

background : resveratrol , a natural polyphenol , has gained attention in recent years because of its connection with the health benefits of red wine and its anticancer activity in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 resveratrol
2 : 10 gained
2 : 32 .
3 resveratrol 7 polyphenol
3 resveratrol 9 has
4 , 7 polyphenol
5 a 6 natural
5 a 7 polyphenol
6 natural 7 polyphenol
7 polyphenol 8 ,
9 has 10 gained
10 gained 11 attention
10 gained 12 in
10 gained 16 of
10 gained 19 with
10 gained 31 vitro
12 in 14 years
13 recent 14 years
15 because 16 of
16 of 18 connection
17 its 18 connection
19 with 26 and
20 the 22 benefits
21 health 22 benefits
22 benefits 23 of
22 benefits 26 and
23 of 25 wine
24 red 25 wine
26 and 29 activity
27 its 29 activity
28 anticancer 29 activity
30 in 31 vitro

studies in animal models have demonstrated beneficial effects on glucose metabolism , vascular function and anti - inflammatory and antioxidant properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 studies 2 in
1 studies 5 have
2 in 4 models
3 animal 4 models
5 have 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 8 effects
6 demonstrated 9 on
7 beneficial 8 effects
9 on 15 and
10 glucose 11 metabolism
11 metabolism 12 ,
12 , 14 function
12 , 15 and
13 vascular 14 function
15 and 21 properties
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 21 properties
18 inflammatory 19 and
19 and 20 antioxidant
19 and 21 properties

human studies designed to understand the role of resveratrol in the prevention and treatment of age - related conditions such as diabetes , heart disease , and cancer have recently been undertaken . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 human 2 studies
2 studies 3 designed
2 studies 13 and
3 designed 4 to
3 designed 5 understand
4 to 5 understand
5 understand 7 role
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
7 role 10 in
8 of 9 resveratrol
10 in 12 prevention
11 the 12 prevention
13 and 14 treatment
13 and 15 of
13 and 19 conditions
13 and 27 and
15 of 16 age
17 - 19 conditions
18 related 19 conditions
19 conditions 21 as
19 conditions 25 disease
19 conditions 26 ,
20 such 21 as
21 as 22 diabetes
23 , 25 disease
24 heart 25 disease
25 disease 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 cancer
27 and 29 have
29 have 31 been
30 recently 31 been
31 been 32 undertaken

methods : we searched pubmed for original articles that reported studies of resveratrol in humans , using search terms , including resveratrol , human studies , glucose metabolism , vascular function , and inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 searched
2 : 26 ,
3 we 4 searched
4 searched 5 pubmed
5 pubmed 6 for
5 pubmed 9 that
5 pubmed 10 reported
5 pubmed 17 using
6 for 8 articles
7 original 8 articles
9 that 10 reported
10 reported 11 studies
10 reported 14 in
11 studies 12 of
12 of 13 resveratrol
14 in 15 humans
16 , 17 using
17 using 19 terms
17 using 21 including
17 using 26 ,
18 search 19 terms
20 , 21 including
21 including 22 resveratrol
21 including 26 ,
22 resveratrol 25 studies
23 , 25 studies
24 human 25 studies
25 studies 26 ,
26 , 33 and
27 glucose 28 metabolism
28 metabolism 29 ,
29 , 31 function
29 , 33 and
30 vascular 31 function
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 inflammation

we also searched the reference lists of identified articles for additional papers and sought expert opinion on relevant studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 3 searched
2 also 3 searched
3 searched 6 lists
4 the 6 lists
5 reference 6 lists
6 lists 7 of
7 of 13 and
8 identified 9 articles
8 identified 13 and
9 articles 10 for
10 for 12 papers
11 additional 12 papers
13 and 14 sought
13 and 16 opinion
13 and 17 on
15 expert 16 opinion
17 on 19 studies
18 relevant 19 studies

results : resveratrol treatment has shown beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in some , but not all studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 resveratrol
3 resveratrol 4 treatment
3 resveratrol 6 shown
4 treatment 5 has
5 has 6 shown
6 shown 8 effects
6 shown 17 but
7 beneficial 8 effects
8 effects 9 on
9 on 11 and
10 glucose 11 and
11 and 12 lipid
13 metabolism 14 in
13 metabolism 17 but
14 in 15 some
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 not
17 but 20 studies
19 all 20 studies

study population , resveratrol source , and dose have varied widely , potentially explaining inconsistent findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 varied
1 study 2 population
2 population 3 ,
3 , 5 source
3 , 7 and
4 resveratrol 5 source
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 dose
7 and 9 have
9 have 10 varied
10 varied 11 widely
10 varied 14 explaining
12 , 14 explaining
13 potentially 14 explaining
14 explaining 16 findings
14 explaining 17 .
15 inconsistent 16 findings

improvements were noted in endothelial function [,] systolic blood pressure , and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in several studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 improvements 2 were
2 were 3 noted
3 noted 4 in
3 noted 19 in
4 in 12 and
5 endothelial 6 function
6 function 10 pressure
8 systolic 9 blood
9 blood 10 pressure
10 pressure 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 markers
12 and 14 of
14 of 17 and
15 oxidative 16 stress
16 stress 17 and
17 and 18 inflammation
19 in 21 studies
20 several 21 studies

conclusions : despite the strong preclinical evidence of positive cardiometabolic effects , studies to date have not confirmed resveratrol 's benefit in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 studies
2 : 18 confirmed
2 : 24 .
3 despite 7 evidence
3 despite 12 ,
3 despite 13 studies
4 the 7 evidence
5 strong 7 evidence
6 preclinical 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 of
8 of 11 effects
9 positive 11 effects
10 cardiometabolic 11 effects
13 studies 15 date
13 studies 16 have
14 to 15 date
16 have 17 not
16 have 18 confirmed
18 confirmed 21 benefit
18 confirmed 22 in
19 resveratrol 20 's
20 's 21 benefit
22 in 23 humans

study variability and methodological issues limit interpretation of available results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 limit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 study 2 variability
2 variability 3 and
3 and 5 issues
3 and 6 limit
4 methodological 5 issues
6 limit 7 interpretation
7 interpretation 8 of
8 of 10 results
9 available 10 results

additional research , focusing on subjects with defined metabolic defects and using a range of doses , is needed to advance the field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 additional 2 research
2 research 4 focusing
2 research 18 is
3 , 4 focusing
4 focusing 5 on
4 focusing 7 with
4 focusing 17 ,
5 on 6 subjects
7 with 11 and
7 with 14 range
8 defined 10 defects
9 metabolic 10 defects
10 defects 11 and
11 and 12 using
13 a 14 range
14 range 15 of
15 of 16 doses
18 is 19 needed
19 needed 20 to
20 to 21 advance
21 advance 23 field
22 the 23 field

fsp27 ( cide - 3 in humans ) plays critical roles in lipid metabolism and apoptosis and is known to be involved in regulation of lipid droplet ( ld ) size and lipid storage and apoptotic dna fragmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 fsp27 3 cide
2 ( 3 cide
3 cide 4 -
3 cide 7 humans
3 cide 17 and
4 - 7 humans
5 3 6 in
6 in 7 humans
7 humans 8 )
9 plays 11 roles
9 plays 12 in
9 plays 17 and
10 critical 11 roles
12 in 15 and
13 lipid 14 metabolism
14 metabolism 15 and
15 and 16 apoptosis
17 and 18 is
18 is 19 known
19 known 20 to
19 known 22 involved
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 involved
22 involved 23 in
23 in 24 regulation
24 regulation 25 of
25 of 35 and
26 lipid 31 size
27 droplet 29 ld
27 droplet 31 size
28 ( 29 ld
29 ld 30 )
31 size 32 and
32 and 34 storage
32 and 35 and
33 lipid 34 storage
35 and 38 fragmentation
36 apoptotic 38 fragmentation
37 dna 38 fragmentation

given that cide - containing proteins including fsp27 are associated with many human diseases including cancer , aging , diabetes , and obesity , studies of fsp27 and other cide - containing proteins are of great biological importance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 given 3 cide
1 given 4 -
1 given 6 proteins
2 that 3 cide
5 containing 6 proteins
6 proteins 7 including
6 proteins 9 are
7 including 8 fsp27
9 are 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 14 diseases
12 many 14 diseases
13 human 14 diseases
14 diseases 15 including
14 diseases 20 diabetes
15 including 16 cancer
15 including 18 aging
17 , 18 aging
18 aging 19 ,
19 , 20 diabetes
20 diabetes 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 28 and
22 and 34 are
23 obesity 24 ,
24 , 25 studies
24 , 28 and
25 studies 26 of
26 of 27 fsp27
28 and 30 cide
28 and 31 -
28 and 32 containing
28 and 34 are
29 other 30 cide
32 containing 33 proteins
34 are 35 of
35 of 38 importance
36 great 38 importance
37 biological 38 importance

as a first step toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of fsp27 - mediated lipid droplet growth and apoptosis , we report the crystal structure of the cide [-] n domain of fsp27 at a resolution of 2.0 å . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 as 4 step
1 as 20 we
2 a 4 step
3 first 4 step
4 step 5 toward
4 step 10 of
5 toward 6 elucidating
6 elucidating 9 mechanisms
7 the 9 mechanisms
8 molecular 9 mechanisms
10 of 11 fsp27
11 fsp27 17 and
12 - 17 and
13 mediated 14 lipid
14 lipid 16 growth
15 droplet 16 growth
16 growth 17 and
17 and 18 apoptosis
17 and 19 ,
20 we 21 report
21 report 24 structure
21 report 33 at
22 the 24 structure
23 crystal 24 structure
24 structure 25 of
24 structure 31 of
25 of 30 domain
26 the 30 domain
27 cide 29 n
27 cide 30 domain
31 of 32 fsp27
33 at 35 resolution
34 a 35 resolution
35 resolution 36 of
36 of 38 å
37 2.0 38 å

the structure revealed a possible biologically important [homo] - dimeric interface similar to that formed by the hetero - dimeric complex , cad/icad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 structure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 structure
2 structure 3 revealed
3 revealed 11 interface
3 revealed 15 formed
4 a 5 possible
4 a 11 interface
5 possible 11 interface
6 biologically 7 important
7 important 9 -
7 important 11 interface
10 dimeric 11 interface
11 interface 12 similar
11 interface 15 formed
12 similar 13 to
13 to 14 that
15 formed 16 by
16 by 21 complex
17 the 21 complex
18 hetero 19 -
18 hetero 21 complex
20 dimeric 21 complex
22 , 23 cad/icad

comparison with other structural homologues revealed that the pb1 domain of bem1p , ubiquitin - like [domain] of bag6 and ubiquitin are structurally similar proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 comparison 2 with
1 comparison 6 revealed
2 with 5 homologues
3 other 5 homologues
4 structural 5 homologues
6 revealed 7 that
7 that 20 and
7 that 22 are
8 the 10 domain
9 pb1 10 domain
10 domain 11 of
10 domain 16 like
10 domain 20 and
11 of 12 bem1p
12 bem1p 14 ubiquitin
13 , 14 ubiquitin
14 ubiquitin 15 -
16 like 18 of
18 of 19 bag6
20 and 21 ubiquitin
20 and 22 are
22 are 25 proteins
23 structurally 24 similar
24 similar 25 proteins

our homo - dimeric structure of the cide [-] n domain of fsp27 will provide important information that will enable better understanding of the function of fsp27 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 homo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 our 2 homo
3 - 5 structure
3 - 15 provide
3 - 28 .
4 dimeric 5 structure
5 structure 6 of
5 structure 14 will
6 of 11 domain
7 the 11 domain
8 cide 10 n
8 cide 11 domain
11 domain 12 of
12 of 13 fsp27
14 will 15 provide
15 provide 17 information
16 important 17 information
17 information 18 that
17 information 19 will
18 that 19 will
19 will 20 enable
20 enable 22 understanding
21 better 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
23 of 25 function
24 the 25 function
25 function 26 of
26 of 27 fsp27

background : in 2006 , dual - eligible nursing home residents were randomly assigned to a medicare part d prescription drug plan ( pdp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 residents
2 : 14 assigned
2 : 26 .
3 in 4 2006
3 in 5 ,
3 in 11 residents
6 dual 7 -
6 dual 9 nursing
8 eligible 9 nursing
9 nursing 11 residents
10 home 11 residents
11 residents 12 were
12 were 13 randomly
12 were 14 assigned
14 assigned 15 to
15 to 22 plan
16 a 22 plan
17 medicare 18 part
18 part 19 d
18 part 22 plan
20 prescription 21 drug
21 drug 22 plan
22 plan 24 pdp
23 ( 24 pdp
24 pdp 25 )

subsequently , residents not enrolled in qualified plans at the start of the next year were rerandomized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 rerandomized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 3 residents
3 residents 4 not
3 residents 16 were
4 not 5 enrolled
5 enrolled 6 in
5 enrolled 9 at
6 in 8 plans
7 qualified 8 plans
9 at 11 start
10 the 11 start
11 start 12 of
12 of 15 year
13 the 14 next
14 next 15 year
16 were 17 rerandomized

pdps vary in generosity through differences in medication coverage and utilization management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pdps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 pdps 2 vary
2 vary 3 in
2 vary 5 through
2 vary 7 in
3 in 4 generosity
5 through 6 differences
7 in 10 and
8 medication 9 coverage
9 coverage 10 and
10 and 12 management
11 utilization 12 management

therefore , residents ' assigned plans may be relatively more or less generous for their particular drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 plans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 6 plans
3 residents 4 '
4 ' 6 plans
5 assigned 6 plans
6 plans 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 relatively
8 be 11 or
8 be 13 generous
10 more 11 or
11 or 12 less
13 generous 14 for
14 for 17 drugs
15 their 17 drugs
16 particular 17 drugs

the impact of generosity on residents ' medication use and health outcomes is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 impact
2 impact 3 of
2 impact 13 is
3 of 4 generosity
4 generosity 5 on
5 on 10 and
6 residents 7 '
7 ' 9 use
8 medication 9 use
9 use 10 and
10 and 12 outcomes
11 health 12 outcomes
13 is 14 unknown

methods : using data from 2005 to 2008 , we estimated logistic regression models of the impact of coverage and utilization management on the risk for medication changes and gaps in use , hospitalizations , and death among elderly nursing home residents using 1 of 6 selected drug classes , adjusting for patient characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 we
2 : 11 estimated
2 : 20 and
2 : 33 ,
3 using 4 data
3 using 9 ,
3 using 10 we
4 data 7 to
5 from 7 to
6 2005 7 to
7 to 8 2008
10 we 11 estimated
11 estimated 14 models
12 logistic 13 regression
13 regression 14 models
14 models 15 of
15 of 17 impact
16 the 17 impact
17 impact 18 of
18 of 19 coverage
20 and 22 management
20 and 29 and
21 utilization 22 management
22 management 23 on
22 management 26 for
22 management 29 and
23 on 25 risk
24 the 25 risk
26 for 27 medication
28 changes 29 and
29 and 30 gaps
29 and 31 in
31 in 32 use
33 , 36 and
33 , 47 selected
34 hospitalizations 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 death
36 and 45 of
36 and 47 selected
37 death 38 among
38 among 42 residents
39 elderly 40 nursing
40 nursing 41 home
41 home 42 residents
42 residents 43 using
43 using 44 1
45 of 46 6
47 selected 49 classes
48 drug 49 classes
49 classes 51 adjusting
50 , 51 adjusting
51 adjusting 52 for
51 adjusting 55 .
52 for 54 characteristics
53 patient 54 characteristics

results : few current medication users faced noncoverage of their drug ( 0.4 % to 8.7 % ) or prior authorization or step therapy requirements [if] the drug was covered ( 1.1 % to 37.4 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 users
2 : 7 faced
2 : 38 .
3 few 6 users
4 current 5 medication
5 medication 6 users
6 users 7 faced
7 faced 22 or
8 noncoverage 9 of
8 noncoverage 19 or
9 of 11 drug
10 their 11 drug
11 drug 14 %
12 ( 14 %
13 0.4 14 %
14 % 15 to
14 % 18 )
15 to 17 %
16 8.7 17 %
19 or 21 authorization
19 or 22 or
20 prior 21 authorization
22 or 25 requirements
22 or 28 drug
22 or 29 was
22 or 30 covered
22 or 33 %
23 step 24 therapy
24 therapy 25 requirements
27 the 28 drug
28 drug 29 was
31 ( 33 %
32 1.1 33 %
33 % 34 to
33 % 37 )
34 to 36 %
35 37.4 36 %

after adjusting for individual - level covariates , residents with noncovered drugs were more likely than residents with covered drugs to change medications in most classes studied ( eg , for 2006 angiotensin receptor blocker users , the adjusted average probability of medication change was 0.35 [when] uncovered vs [.] 0.11 [when] covered ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 7 covariates
1 after 8 ,
1 after 9 residents
2 adjusting 3 for
2 adjusting 7 covariates
3 for 6 level
4 individual 5 -
4 individual 6 level
9 residents 10 with
9 residents 13 were
10 with 12 drugs
11 noncovered 12 drugs
13 were 15 likely
14 more 15 likely
15 likely 16 than
15 likely 18 with
15 likely 21 to
15 likely 22 change
16 than 17 residents
18 with 20 drugs
19 covered 20 drugs
21 to 22 change
22 change 23 medications
22 change 31 for
23 medications 24 in
23 medications 29 eg
24 in 26 classes
25 most 26 classes
26 classes 27 studied
28 ( 29 eg
29 eg 30 ,
30 , 31 for
31 for 36 users
31 for 55 .
32 2006 36 users
33 angiotensin 36 users
34 receptor 36 users
35 blocker 36 users
36 users 41 probability
37 , 41 probability
38 the 41 probability
39 adjusted 41 probability
40 average 41 probability
41 probability 42 of
41 probability 46 0.35
41 probability 48 uncovered
41 probability 49 vs
41 probability 54 )
42 of 43 medication
43 medication 44 change
43 medication 45 was
44 change 45 was
46 0.35 48 uncovered
49 vs 51 0.11
51 0.11 53 covered

those subjected to prior authorization or step therapy were more likely to change in a subset of classes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 those 2 subjected
1 those 6 or
2 subjected 3 to
3 to 5 authorization
4 prior 5 authorization
6 or 8 therapy
6 or 9 were
7 step 8 therapy
9 were 11 likely
10 more 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 13 change
12 to 13 change
13 change 14 in
14 in 16 subset
15 a 16 subset
16 subset 17 of
17 of 18 classes

there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of hospitalization or death after correcting for multiple comparisons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 12 or
2 were 14 after
3 no 6 differences
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 12 or
7 in 9 rates
8 the 9 rates
9 rates 10 of
10 of 11 hospitalization
12 or 13 death
14 after 15 correcting
15 correcting 16 for
16 for 18 comparisons
17 multiple 18 comparisons

conclusions : the part d benefit 's special protections for nursing home residents may have ameliorated the health impact of coverage limits on this frail elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 9 protections
2 : 16 ameliorated
3 the 6 benefit
4 part 5 d
4 part 6 benefit
6 benefit 7 's
7 's 9 protections
8 special 9 protections
9 protections 10 for
9 protections 14 may
10 for 11 nursing
11 nursing 13 residents
12 home 13 residents
14 may 15 have
15 have 16 ameliorated
16 ameliorated 19 impact
16 ameliorated 23 on
17 the 19 impact
18 health 19 impact
19 impact 20 of
20 of 22 limits
21 coverage 22 limits
23 on 27 population
24 this 25 frail
25 frail 27 population
26 elderly 27 population

hydrogen peroxide was - and is still - considered toxic for a wide range of living organisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 peroxide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 hydrogen 2 peroxide
2 peroxide 5 and
3 was 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 6 is
6 is 7 still
7 still 9 considered
8 - 9 considered
9 considered 10 toxic
9 considered 18 .
10 toxic 11 for
11 for 14 range
12 a 13 wide
12 a 14 range
13 wide 14 range
14 range 15 of
15 of 17 organisms
16 living 17 organisms

oxidative stress occurs when there is an excess [of] pro - oxidants over antioxidants and it has been implicated in several diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 occurs
3 occurs 4 when
4 when 5 there
4 when 6 is
5 there 6 is
6 is 10 pro
7 an 8 excess
7 an 10 pro
8 excess 10 pro
11 - 12 oxidants
11 - 15 and
12 oxidants 13 over
13 over 14 antioxidants
15 and 16 it
15 and 19 implicated
16 it 17 has
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 implicated
19 implicated 20 in
20 in 22 diseases
21 several 22 diseases

[catalase] is involved in hydrogen peroxide catabolism and is important in defense against oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 is 3 involved
2 is 8 and
3 involved 4 in
4 in 7 catabolism
5 hydrogen 7 catabolism
6 peroxide 7 catabolism
8 and 9 is
9 is 10 important
10 important 11 in
10 important 13 against
11 in 12 defense
13 against 15 stress
14 oxidative 15 stress

acatalasemia means the inherited near - total deficiency of [catalase] activity , usually in reference to red [cell] [catalase] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 acatalasemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 means
1 acatalasemia 2 means
2 means 8 deficiency
3 the 8 deficiency
4 inherited 8 deficiency
5 near 6 -
5 near 8 deficiency
7 total 8 deficiency
8 deficiency 9 of
9 of 11 activity
11 activity 14 in
12 , 13 usually
12 , 14 in
14 in 15 reference
14 in 20 .
15 reference 16 to
15 reference 17 red
16 to 17 red

acatalasemia was thought at first to be an asymptotic disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 acatalasemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 acatalasemia 2 was
2 was 3 thought
3 thought 6 to
4 at 5 first
5 first 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 10 disorder
8 an 9 asymptotic
8 an 10 disorder
9 asymptotic 10 disorder

[in] the absence [of] [catalase] , neither the japanese , or hungarian acatalasemics nor acatalasemic mice had significantly increased blood glutathione peroxidase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 absence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 the 3 absence
6 , 14 nor
6 , 19 increased
7 neither 14 nor
8 the 9 japanese
9 japanese 11 or
10 , 11 or
11 or 13 acatalasemics
11 or 14 nor
12 hungarian 13 acatalasemics
14 nor 16 mice
14 nor 17 had
15 acatalasemic 16 mice
17 had 19 increased
18 significantly 19 increased
19 increased 23 activity
20 blood 21 glutathione
21 glutathione 22 peroxidase
22 peroxidase 23 activity

in animal models , [catalase] deficient tissues show much slower rates of removal of extracellular hydrogen peroxide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tissues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 models
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 tissues
2 animal 3 models
6 deficient 7 tissues
7 tissues 8 show
8 show 11 rates
8 show 17 peroxide
9 much 10 slower
10 slower 11 rates
11 rates 12 of
12 of 13 removal
13 removal 14 of
14 of 16 hydrogen
15 extracellular 16 hydrogen

in [catalase] knock - out mice , a decreased hydrogen peroxide removing capacity and increased reactive oxygen species formation were reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 knock
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 knock
4 - 6 mice
4 - 7 ,
5 out 6 mice
7 , 14 and
7 , 21 reported
8 a 11 peroxide
9 decreased 10 hydrogen
10 hydrogen 11 peroxide
11 peroxide 12 removing
11 peroxide 14 and
12 removing 13 capacity
14 and 19 formation
14 and 20 were
15 increased 17 oxygen
16 reactive 17 oxygen
17 oxygen 18 species
18 species 19 formation
20 were 21 reported

hydrogen peroxide may cause methemoglobinemia in patients with [catalase] deficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 peroxide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 hydrogen 2 peroxide
2 peroxide 3 may
3 may 4 cause
4 cause 5 methemoglobinemia
4 cause 6 in
4 cause 8 with
6 in 7 patients
8 with 10 deficiency

during anesthesia for a japanese acatalasemic patient the disinfection [with] hydrogen peroxide solution caused severe methemoglobinemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 solution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 during 2 anesthesia
1 during 13 solution
2 anesthesia 3 for
3 for 7 patient
4 a 5 japanese
4 a 7 patient
5 japanese 7 patient
6 acatalasemic 7 patient
8 the 13 solution
9 disinfection 13 solution
11 hydrogen 13 solution
12 peroxide 13 solution
13 solution 14 caused
14 caused 16 methemoglobinemia
15 severe 16 methemoglobinemia

patients with inherited [catalase] deficiency , who are treated with uric acid oxidase ( rasburicase ) may experience very high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and may suffer from methemoglobinemia and hemolysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 7 who
1 patients 25 and
2 with 5 deficiency
3 inherited 5 deficiency
6 , 7 who
7 who 8 are
7 who 16 )
8 are 9 treated
9 treated 10 with
10 with 13 oxidase
11 uric 13 oxidase
12 acid 13 oxidase
13 oxidase 15 rasburicase
14 ( 15 rasburicase
15 rasburicase 16 )
17 may 18 experience
17 may 25 and
18 experience 21 concentrations
19 very 20 high
20 high 21 concentrations
21 concentrations 22 of
22 of 24 peroxide
23 hydrogen 24 peroxide
25 and 26 may
26 may 27 suffer
27 suffer 28 from
28 from 30 and
29 methemoglobinemia 30 and
30 and 31 hemolysis

the high ( 18.5 % ) prevalence of diabetes mellitus in inherited [catalase] deficient individuals and the earlier [(] 10 years [ )(manifestation of the disease may be attributed to the oxidative damage of oxidant sensitive , insulin producing pancreatic beta - cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 7 prevalence
2 high 5 %
2 high 6 )
2 high 7 prevalence
3 ( 5 %
4 18.5 5 %
5 % 6 )
7 prevalence 8 of
7 prevalence 11 in
7 prevalence 27 may
8 of 10 mellitus
9 diabetes 10 mellitus
11 in 16 and
12 inherited 15 individuals
14 deficient 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 and
16 and 23 )(manifestation
16 and 24 of
17 the 23 )(manifestation
18 earlier 23 )(manifestation
20 10 21 years
21 years 23 )(manifestation
24 of 26 disease
25 the 26 disease
27 may 28 be
28 be 29 attributed
29 attributed 30 to
30 to 33 damage
31 the 33 damage
32 oxidative 33 damage
33 damage 34 of
34 of 43 cells
35 oxidant 43 cells
36 sensitive 38 insulin
36 sensitive 43 cells
37 , 38 insulin
38 insulin 39 producing
38 insulin 42 -
39 producing 41 beta
40 pancreatic 41 beta

ninety - seven of 114 acatalasemics had diseases related to oxidative stress and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ninety 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 4 of
2 - 7 had
4 of 6 acatalasemics
5 114 6 acatalasemics
7 had 8 diseases
8 diseases 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 13 and
11 oxidative 12 stress
12 stress 13 and
13 and 14 aging

the oxidative stress due to [catalase] deficiency could contribute to the manifestation of diabetes while for the other diseases it may be one of the factors in their causations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 stress
2 oxidative 3 stress
3 stress 5 to
3 stress 8 could
4 due 5 to
5 to 7 deficiency
8 could 9 contribute
9 contribute 10 to
9 contribute 15 while
9 contribute 27 in
10 to 12 manifestation
11 the 12 manifestation
12 manifestation 13 of
13 of 14 diabetes
15 while 20 it
15 while 22 be
16 for 19 diseases
16 for 20 it
17 the 18 other
18 other 19 diseases
20 it 21 may
21 may 22 be
22 be 23 one
23 one 24 of
24 of 26 factors
25 the 26 factors
27 in 29 causations
28 their 29 causations

in summary , inherited [catalase] deficiency is associated with clinical features , pathologic laboratory test results , age and oxidative stress related disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 6 deficiency
2 summary 3 ,
2 summary 6 deficiency
4 inherited 6 deficiency
6 deficiency 7 is
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 19 and
10 clinical 11 features
11 features 12 ,
12 , 16 results
12 , 17 ,
13 pathologic 14 laboratory
14 laboratory 16 results
15 test 16 results
17 , 18 age
17 , 19 and
19 and 23 disorders
20 oxidative 21 stress
21 stress 22 related
22 related 23 disorders

rather than considering it a benign condition , it should be considered as a complicating condition for aging and oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 rather 2 than
2 than 3 considering
2 than 8 ,
2 than 9 it
3 considering 4 it
3 considering 7 condition
5 a 6 benign
5 a 7 condition
6 benign 7 condition
9 it 10 should
10 should 11 be
11 be 12 considered
12 considered 13 as
13 as 19 and
14 a 16 condition
15 complicating 16 condition
16 condition 17 for
16 condition 19 and
17 for 18 aging
19 and 21 stress
20 oxidative 21 stress

[by] and large , the immune systems of people infected with hiv are being protected and maintained by advances in highly active antiretroviral therapy [;] [as] [such] , this is extending the lives of people into old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 protected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 and 7 systems
2 and 13 are
3 large 4 ,
3 large 7 systems
5 the 7 systems
6 immune 7 systems
7 systems 8 of
7 systems 13 are
8 of 9 people
9 people 10 infected
10 infected 11 with
11 with 12 hiv
13 are 14 being
14 being 15 protected
16 and 29 this
16 and 30 is
17 maintained 18 by
17 maintained 20 in
17 maintained 28 ,
17 maintained 29 this
18 by 19 advances
20 in 24 therapy
21 highly 22 active
22 active 24 therapy
23 antiretroviral 24 therapy
29 this 30 is
30 is 31 extending
31 extending 33 lives
32 the 33 lives
33 lives 34 of
34 of 35 people
35 people 36 into
36 into 38 age
37 old 38 age

unfortunately , for many living with this disease , hiv is associated with neuroinflammation , co - morbidities , and accelerated aging which can compromise brain function , resulting in cognitive deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 10 hiv
2 , 3 for
3 for 4 many
3 for 9 ,
3 for 10 hiv
4 many 5 living
5 living 6 with
6 with 8 disease
7 this 8 disease
10 hiv 11 is
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 neuroinflammation
15 , 20 and
15 , 27 function
16 co 17 -
16 co 18 morbidities
18 morbidities 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 aging
20 and 23 which
20 and 24 can
20 and 27 function
21 accelerated 22 aging
23 which 24 can
24 can 25 compromise
25 compromise 26 brain
27 function 29 resulting
28 , 29 resulting
29 resulting 30 in
29 resulting 33 .
30 in 32 deficits
31 cognitive 32 deficits

the purpose of this article is to highlight [how] to interpret these deficits within the framework of neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve for this clinical population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 highlight
7 to 8 highlight
8 highlight 10 to
8 highlight 13 deficits
8 highlight 14 within
10 to 11 interpret
12 these 13 deficits
14 within 19 and
15 the 16 framework
16 framework 17 of
16 framework 19 and
17 of 18 neuroplasticity
19 and 21 reserve
19 and 22 for
20 cognitive 21 reserve
22 for 25 population
23 this 24 clinical
24 clinical 25 population

we suggest several recommendations for cognitive rehabilitation and mitigation such as addressing lifestyle factors , psychostimulants , cognitive remediation therapy , and treatment of depression and anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 suggest
2 suggest 4 recommendations
2 suggest 11 as
3 several 4 recommendations
4 recommendations 5 for
5 for 8 and
6 cognitive 7 rehabilitation
7 rehabilitation 8 and
8 and 9 mitigation
10 such 11 as
11 as 22 and
12 addressing 14 factors
13 lifestyle 14 factors
14 factors 15 ,
15 , 16 psychostimulants
15 , 17 ,
17 , 20 therapy
17 , 22 and
18 cognitive 19 remediation
19 remediation 20 therapy
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 treatment
22 and 24 of
24 of 26 and
25 depression 26 and
26 and 27 anxiety

implications for nursing research and practice are posited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 posited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 5 and
2 for 3 nursing
3 nursing 4 research
5 and 6 practice
5 and 7 are
7 are 8 posited

this study investigated the molecular prevalence of trypanosoma lewisi and t . evansi in wild rodents from cambodia , lao pdr and thailand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 6 prevalence
4 the 6 prevalence
5 molecular 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 trypanosoma 9 lewisi
9 lewisi 10 and
10 and 11 t
12 . 22 and
12 . 24 .
13 evansi 14 in
13 evansi 19 ,
14 in 16 rodents
15 wild 16 rodents
16 rodents 17 from
17 from 18 cambodia
19 , 21 pdr
19 , 22 and
20 lao 21 pdr
22 and 23 thailand

based on the size of the pcr products using tryp1 , 17 % were positive for t . lewisi and 1·0 [%] positive for trypanozoon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 11 ,
1 based 13 %
2 on 4 size
3 the 4 size
4 size 5 of
5 of 8 products
6 the 8 products
7 pcr 8 products
8 products 9 using
9 using 10 tryp1
12 17 13 %
13 % 14 were
14 were 15 positive
15 positive 16 for
16 for 17 t
18 . 20 and
18 . 26 .
19 lewisi 20 and
20 and 21 1·0
20 and 23 positive
23 positive 24 for
24 for 25 trypanozoon

results were confirmed by sequencing pcr products and by using more specific primers ( lew1 and tbr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 were
2 were 3 confirmed
3 confirmed 8 and
4 by 5 sequencing
4 by 8 and
5 sequencing 7 products
6 pcr 7 products
8 and 9 by
9 by 10 using
10 using 13 primers
11 more 12 specific
12 specific 13 primers
13 primers 16 and
14 ( 16 and
15 lew1 16 and
16 and 17 tbr
16 and 18 )

the specificity of tryp1 primers , however , failed as rodent dna was amplified in some instances , giving unexpected product sizes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specificity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 amplified
1 the 2 specificity
2 specificity 3 of
2 specificity 9 failed
2 specificity 13 was
3 of 5 primers
4 tryp1 5 primers
6 , 7 however
7 however 8 ,
7 however 9 failed
9 failed 10 as
10 as 12 dna
11 rodent 12 dna
13 was 14 amplified
14 amplified 15 in
15 in 17 instances
16 some 17 instances
17 instances 19 giving
18 , 19 giving
19 giving 22 sizes
19 giving 23 .
20 unexpected 21 product
21 product 22 sizes

using lew1 primers , 13·3 [%] of the samples were confirmed positive for t . lewisi , both by pcr and sequencing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 13·3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 using 3 primers
1 using 4 ,
1 using 5 13·3
2 lew1 3 primers
5 13·3 7 of
5 13·3 10 were
7 of 9 samples
8 the 9 samples
10 were 11 confirmed
11 confirmed 12 positive
12 positive 13 for
13 for 14 t
15 . 16 lewisi
15 . 17 ,
15 . 23 .
17 , 18 both
18 both 19 by
19 by 21 and
20 pcr 21 and
21 and 22 sequencing

in thailand , t ..y lewisi [was] found in rattus tanezumi , r ..y exulans and berylmys [;] in lao pdr , in r . tanezumi and r . exulans , and [in] cambodia in r . tanezumi , r ..y exulans and r . norvegicus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thailand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 thailand
3 , 4 t
3 , 5 ..y
3 , 12 ,
4 t 5 ..y
5 ..y 6 lewisi
6 lewisi 8 found
8 found 9 in
8 found 11 tanezumi
10 rattus 11 tanezumi
12 , 13 r
12 , 14 ..y
13 r 14 ..y
14 ..y 16 and
15 exulans 16 and
16 and 17 berylmys
16 and 22 ,
16 and 23 in
17 berylmys 19 in
19 in 21 pdr
20 lao 21 pdr
23 in 24 r
25 . 27 and
25 . 29 .
26 tanezumi 27 and
27 and 28 r
29 . 32 and
29 . 37 .
30 exulans 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 cambodia
32 and 35 in
35 in 36 r
37 . 38 tanezumi
37 . 39 ,
37 . 45 .
39 , 40 r
39 , 41 ..y
40 r 41 ..y
41 ..y 43 and
42 exulans 43 and
43 and 44 r
45 . 46 norvegicus
45 . 47 .

using tbr , 1·3 [%] of the samples tested positive for trypanozoon by pcr and sequencing [;] t . [evansi] is the only species of the trypanozoon subgenus possibly present in wild asian rodents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 1·3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 using 2 tbr
1 using 3 ,
1 using 4 1·3
4 1·3 6 of
4 1·3 9 tested
6 of 8 samples
7 the 8 samples
9 tested 15 and
9 tested 18 t
10 positive 11 for
10 positive 13 by
10 positive 15 and
11 for 12 trypanozoon
13 by 14 pcr
15 and 16 sequencing
19 . 21 is
19 . 35 .
21 is 24 species
21 is 29 possibly
21 is 30 present
22 the 23 only
22 the 24 species
24 species 25 of
25 of 28 subgenus
26 the 28 subgenus
27 trypanozoon 28 subgenus
30 present 31 in
31 in 34 rodents
32 wild 33 asian
33 asian 34 rodents

these results confirmed its presence in rodents from thailand ( r [.] [tanezumi] ) , lao pdr [(] r [.] tanezumi , r ..y nitidus [ )(and cambodia [(] r [.] tanezumi , niviventer fulvescens , maxomys surifer ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 confirmed
3 confirmed 5 presence
3 confirmed 6 in
3 confirmed 8 from
4 its 5 presence
6 in 7 rodents
8 from 9 thailand
9 thailand 11 r
9 thailand 21 tanezumi
10 ( 11 r
11 r 14 )
15 , 21 tanezumi
16 lao 21 tanezumi
17 pdr 19 r
17 pdr 21 tanezumi
21 tanezumi 22 ,
22 , 23 r
22 , 24 ..y
23 r 24 ..y
24 ..y 27 )(and
25 nitidus 27 )(and
27 )(and 32 tanezumi
27 )(and 35 fulvescens
27 )(and 38 surifer
28 cambodia 30 r
28 cambodia 32 tanezumi
33 , 35 fulvescens
34 niviventer 35 fulvescens
35 fulvescens 36 ,
36 , 38 surifer
37 maxomys 38 surifer
38 surifer 39 )

based on the information related to rodent trapping , it [was] found that rodent species trapped in and around human dwellings had a higher prevalence of t . lewisi infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 9 ,
1 based 10 it
2 on 4 information
3 the 4 information
4 information 5 related
4 information 6 to
6 to 8 trapping
7 rodent 8 trapping
10 it 12 found
12 found 13 that
13 that 15 species
13 that 22 had
14 rodent 15 species
15 species 16 trapped
15 species 22 had
16 trapped 18 and
17 in 18 and
18 and 19 around
18 and 21 dwellings
20 human 21 dwellings
22 had 25 prevalence
23 a 25 prevalence
24 higher 25 prevalence
25 prevalence 26 of
26 of 27 t
28 . 30 infection
29 lewisi 30 infection

r ..y tanezumi and r . exulans , two synanthropic species , were mainly found [infected] in this habitat suggesting a role as a reservoir and thus a potential source of t [.] lewisi for human infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 r
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 r 2 ..y
2 ..y 4 and
3 tanezumi 4 and
4 and 5 r
6 . 7 exulans
6 . 15 found
7 exulans 11 species
7 exulans 13 were
8 , 11 species
9 two 11 species
10 synanthropic 11 species
11 species 12 ,
13 were 15 found
14 mainly 15 found
15 found 17 in
15 found 34 lewisi
17 in 19 habitat
18 this 19 habitat
19 habitat 20 suggesting
19 habitat 31 of
20 suggesting 26 and
21 a 22 role
22 role 23 as
22 role 26 and
23 as 25 reservoir
24 a 25 reservoir
26 and 27 thus
26 and 30 source
28 a 29 potential
28 a 30 source
29 potential 30 source
31 of 32 t
34 lewisi 35 for
35 for 37 infection
36 human 37 infection

biomarkers play a critical role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) , especially in patients with atypical clinical [and/or] electrocardiographic presentation or co - morbidities , like the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 biomarkers 2 play
2 play 5 role
2 play 6 in
2 play 18 in
2 play 31 like
3 a 4 critical
3 a 5 role
4 critical 5 role
6 in 8 diagnosis
7 the 8 diagnosis
8 diagnosis 9 of
9 of 12 infarction
10 acute 12 infarction
11 myocardial 12 infarction
12 infarction 14 ami
13 ( 14 ami
14 ami 15 )
16 , 17 especially
16 , 18 in
18 in 26 or
18 in 30 ,
19 patients 20 with
19 patients 26 or
20 with 25 presentation
21 atypical 25 presentation
22 clinical 25 presentation
24 electrocardiographic 25 presentation
26 or 29 morbidities
27 co 28 -
27 co 29 morbidities
31 like 33 elderly
32 the 33 elderly

high - sensitivity assays based on specific biomarkers ( e.g [.] cardiac troponins ) enabling earlier ami diagnosis have recently become available in clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 high 2 -
1 high 3 sensitivity
3 sensitivity 4 assays
4 assays 5 based
4 assays 15 enabling
4 assays 19 have
5 based 6 on
6 on 8 biomarkers
7 specific 8 biomarkers
8 biomarkers 13 troponins
9 ( 13 troponins
10 e.g 13 troponins
12 cardiac 13 troponins
13 troponins 14 )
15 enabling 18 diagnosis
16 earlier 18 diagnosis
17 ami 18 diagnosis
19 have 21 become
20 recently 21 become
21 become 22 available
22 available 23 in
23 in 25 practice
24 clinical 25 practice

although no single biomarker of myocardial necrosis is ever likely to afford ami diagnosis , a combination including different biomarkers for necrosis and ischemia , like new circulating molecules ( micrornas ) , could enhance diagnostic specificity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 biomarker
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 although 3 single
1 although 4 biomarker
2 no 3 single
4 biomarker 5 of
4 biomarker 8 is
5 of 7 necrosis
6 myocardial 7 necrosis
8 is 9 ever
8 is 10 likely
10 likely 11 to
11 to 12 afford
12 afford 14 diagnosis
13 ami 14 diagnosis
15 , 23 and
15 , 35 enhance
16 a 17 combination
17 combination 18 including
17 combination 23 and
18 including 20 biomarkers
19 different 20 biomarkers
20 biomarkers 21 for
21 for 22 necrosis
23 and 24 ischemia
23 and 26 like
23 and 34 could
25 , 26 like
26 like 29 molecules
26 like 33 ,
27 new 29 molecules
28 circulating 29 molecules
29 molecules 31 micrornas
30 ( 31 micrornas
31 micrornas 32 )
34 could 35 enhance
35 enhance 37 specificity
36 diagnostic 37 specificity

we review the recent literature on conventional and novel ami biomarkers , with special emphasis on circulating micrornas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
1 we 2 review
2 review 5 literature
2 review 6 on
2 review 13 with
3 the 5 literature
4 recent 5 literature
6 on 11 biomarkers
7 conventional 8 and
8 and 9 novel
8 and 11 biomarkers
10 ami 11 biomarkers
12 , 13 with
13 with 15 emphasis
13 with 19 .
14 special 15 emphasis
15 emphasis 16 on
16 on 17 circulating
17 circulating 18 micrornas

background : few studies have examined how various lifestyle factors in midlife predict longevity , and none of these studies have examined the impact of physical fitness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 6 examined
2 : 16 and
2 : 28 .
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 examined
6 examined 7 how
7 how 10 factors
7 how 13 predict
8 various 9 lifestyle
9 lifestyle 10 factors
10 factors 11 in
10 factors 13 predict
11 in 12 midlife
13 predict 14 longevity
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 studies
16 and 22 examined
17 none 18 of
17 none 20 studies
18 of 20 studies
19 these 20 studies
20 studies 21 have
21 have 22 examined
22 examined 24 impact
23 the 24 impact
24 impact 25 of
25 of 27 fitness
26 physical 27 fitness

the present study aimed to examine longevity in relation to smoking , overweight and physical fitness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 6 examine
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 7 longevity
6 examine 10 to
8 in 9 relation
9 relation 10 to
10 to 11 smoking
12 , 16 fitness
13 overweight 14 and
14 and 15 physical
14 and 16 fitness

methods : we prospectively studied longevity ( defined as reaching at least 85 years [of] age ) in relation to smoking status , body mass index and physical fitness in 821 healthy men between 51 and 59 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 5 studied
2 : 41 .
3 we 5 studied
4 prospectively 5 studied
5 studied 6 longevity
5 studied 8 defined
5 studied 18 in
7 ( 8 defined
8 defined 9 as
8 defined 17 )
9 as 16 age
10 reaching 16 age
11 at 12 least
12 least 13 85
13 85 14 years
14 years 16 age
18 in 27 and
19 relation 20 to
19 relation 23 ,
20 to 21 smoking
21 smoking 22 status
23 , 26 index
23 , 27 and
24 body 26 index
25 mass 26 index
27 and 29 fitness
27 and 30 in
27 and 34 between
28 physical 29 fitness
30 in 33 men
31 821 33 men
32 healthy 33 men
34 between 38 years
35 51 36 and
36 and 37 59
36 and 38 years
38 years 39 of
39 of 40 age

of these , 369 were smokers , 320 were overweight , and 31 were obese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 369
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 of 2 these
1 of 3 ,
1 of 4 369
4 369 5 were
5 were 6 smokers
7 , 8 320
7 , 9 were
7 , 12 and
8 320 9 were
9 were 10 overweight
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 31
12 and 14 were
13 31 14 were
14 were 15 obese

the associations were adjusted for age , systolic blood pressure and cholesterol level , using multivariate logistic regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 were
3 were 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 5 for
4 adjusted 15 using
5 for 6 age
6 age 11 and
7 , 11 and
8 systolic 10 pressure
9 blood 10 pressure
10 pressure 11 and
11 and 13 level
11 and 14 ,
12 cholesterol 13 level
15 using 19 analysis
16 multivariate 18 regression
17 logistic 18 regression
18 regression 19 analysis

deaths were registered until the 31st of december , 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deaths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 registered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 deaths 2 were
2 were 3 registered
3 registered 4 until
4 until 6 31st
5 the 6 31st
6 31st 7 of
7 of 8 december
9 , 10 2006

physical fitness was measured as the total work performed in a maximal exercise tolerance bicycle test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fitness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 physical 2 fitness
2 fitness 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 as
5 as 8 work
6 the 8 work
7 total 8 work
8 work 9 performed
9 performed 10 in
10 in 16 test
11 a 12 maximal
11 a 16 test
12 maximal 13 exercise
13 exercise 16 test
14 tolerance 16 test
15 bicycle 16 test

results : 252 men survived to the age of 85 years ( 30.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 men
3 252 4 men
4 men 5 survived
4 men 6 to
4 men 14 %
6 to 8 age
7 the 8 age
8 age 9 of
9 of 11 years
10 85 11 years
12 ( 14 %
13 30.7 14 %
14 % 15 )

smoking status was significantly and independently related to longevity ; 37.2 % of the [non] [-] smokers survived to the age of 85 [,] and 22.8 % of the smokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 smoking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 smoking 2 status
1 smoking 5 and
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 and
5 and 7 related
5 and 8 to
6 independently 7 related
8 to 9 longevity
10 ; 12 %
10 ; 18 survived
11 37.2 12 %
12 % 13 of
12 % 18 survived
13 of 17 smokers
14 the 17 smokers
18 survived 19 to
19 to 21 age
20 the 21 age
21 age 22 of
22 of 27 %
23 85 25 and
25 and 26 22.8
25 and 27 %
27 % 28 of
28 of 30 smokers
29 the 30 smokers

among [non] [-] smokers , overweight and physical fitness were significantly and independently related to longevity after adjustment for age , blood pressure and cholesterol level , but not among smokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 fitness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 among 4 smokers
1 among 5 ,
1 among 9 fitness
6 overweight 7 and
7 and 8 physical
7 and 9 fitness
9 fitness 12 and
10 were 11 significantly
10 were 12 and
12 and 14 related
12 and 28 but
13 independently 14 related
14 related 15 to
14 related 17 after
15 to 16 longevity
17 after 18 adjustment
19 for 24 and
19 for 28 but
20 age 21 ,
21 , 23 pressure
21 , 24 and
22 blood 23 pressure
24 and 26 level
24 and 27 ,
25 cholesterol 26 level
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 not
28 but 30 among
30 among 31 smokers

among [non] [-] smokers with high physical fitness , 48.8 % reached the age of 85 years , compared to 27.9 % among [non] [-] smokers with low physical fitness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 among 4 smokers
1 among 9 ,
1 among 11 %
4 smokers 5 with
5 with 8 fitness
6 high 8 fitness
7 physical 8 fitness
10 48.8 11 %
11 % 18 ,
12 reached 14 age
12 reached 18 ,
13 the 14 age
14 age 15 of
15 of 17 years
16 85 17 years
18 , 19 compared
18 , 27 with
19 compared 20 to
19 compared 23 among
20 to 22 %
21 27.9 22 %
23 among 26 smokers
27 with 30 fitness
28 low 30 fitness
29 physical 30 fitness

conclusion : lifestyle variables appear to be strong and independent predictors of longevity in initially healthy [middle] - aged men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 variables
2 : 5 appear
2 : 21 .
3 lifestyle 4 variables
4 variables 5 appear
5 appear 6 to
5 appear 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 11 predictors
8 strong 9 and
9 and 10 independent
9 and 11 predictors
11 predictors 12 of
12 of 13 longevity
13 longevity 14 in
14 in 20 men
15 initially 16 healthy
16 healthy 18 -
16 healthy 20 men
19 aged 20 men

the probability of longevity may be a useful concept when informing the general public about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 probability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 probability
2 probability 3 of
2 probability 5 may
3 of 4 longevity
5 may 6 be
6 be 9 concept
6 be 10 when
7 a 9 concept
8 useful 9 concept
10 when 11 informing
11 informing 13 general
12 the 13 general
13 general 14 public
14 public 15 about
15 about 17 benefits
16 the 17 benefits
17 benefits 18 of
18 of 21 lifestyle
19 a 20 healthy
19 a 21 lifestyle
20 healthy 21 lifestyle

the mtor signaling pathway integrates inputs from a variety of upstream stimuli to regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation [,] growth , survival , motility , autophagy , protein synthesis and metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 integrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 4 pathway
2 mtor 4 pathway
3 signaling 4 pathway
4 pathway 5 integrates
5 integrates 6 inputs
5 integrates 7 from
5 integrates 13 to
7 from 9 variety
8 a 9 variety
9 variety 10 of
10 of 12 stimuli
11 upstream 12 stimuli
13 to 14 regulate
14 regulate 17 processes
15 diverse 17 processes
16 cellular 17 processes
17 processes 18 including
18 including 31 and
19 proliferation 21 growth
21 growth 22 ,
22 , 23 survival
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 motility
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 autophagy
26 , 28 ,
28 , 30 synthesis
28 , 31 and
29 protein 30 synthesis
31 and 32 metabolism

the mtor pathway is dysregulated in a number of human pathologies including cancer , diabetes , obesity , autoimmune disorders , neurological disease and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 dysregulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 pathway
2 mtor 3 pathway
3 pathway 4 is
4 is 5 dysregulated
5 dysregulated 6 in
6 in 8 number
7 a 8 number
8 number 9 of
9 of 24 and
10 human 11 pathologies
11 pathologies 12 including
11 pathologies 14 ,
12 including 13 cancer
14 , 15 diabetes
14 , 16 ,
16 , 17 obesity
16 , 18 ,
18 , 20 disorders
18 , 21 ,
19 autoimmune 20 disorders
21 , 23 disease
21 , 24 and
22 neurological 23 disease
24 and 25 aging

ongoing clinical trials testing mtor - targeted treatments number [in] the hundreds and underscore its therapeutic potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 ongoing 3 trials
2 clinical 3 trials
3 trials 4 testing
3 trials 13 and
4 testing 8 treatments
5 mtor 6 -
5 mtor 8 treatments
7 targeted 8 treatments
9 number 12 hundreds
9 number 13 and
11 the 12 hundreds
13 and 14 underscore
14 underscore 17 potential
15 its 17 potential
16 therapeutic 17 potential

to date mtor inhibitors are clinically approved to prevent organ rejection , to inhibit restenosis after angioplasty , and to treat several advanced cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 2 date
2 date 4 inhibitors
3 mtor 4 inhibitors
4 inhibitors 5 are
5 are 19 and
6 clinically 7 approved
7 approved 8 to
7 approved 13 to
7 approved 19 and
8 to 9 prevent
9 prevent 11 rejection
10 organ 11 rejection
12 , 13 to
13 to 14 inhibit
13 to 18 ,
14 inhibit 15 restenosis
14 inhibit 16 after
16 after 17 angioplasty
19 and 20 to
19 and 23 advanced
20 to 21 treat
21 treat 22 several
23 advanced 24 cancers

in this review we discuss the continuously evolving field of mtor pharmacogenomics , as well [as] highlight the emerging efforts in identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers , including mirnas , in order to assess successful therapeutic responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 13 ,
5 discuss 9 field
5 discuss 13 ,
6 the 9 field
7 continuously 8 evolving
8 evolving 9 field
9 field 10 of
10 of 12 pharmacogenomics
11 mtor 12 pharmacogenomics
13 , 17 highlight
13 , 21 in
14 as 15 well
15 well 17 highlight
17 highlight 20 efforts
18 the 20 efforts
19 emerging 20 efforts
21 in 22 identifying
22 identifying 26 markers
22 identifying 31 in
23 diagnostic 24 and
24 and 25 prognostic
24 and 26 markers
26 markers 28 including
27 , 28 including
28 including 29 mirnas
28 including 30 ,
31 in 32 order
32 order 33 to
32 order 34 assess
33 to 34 assess
34 assess 37 responses
35 successful 37 responses
36 therapeutic 37 responses

the risk of fragility fractures exponentially increases with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 risk
2 risk 3 of
2 risk 7 increases
3 of 5 fractures
4 fragility 5 fractures
6 exponentially 7 increases
7 increases 8 with
8 with 9 aging

reduced mass and strength of both bone [in] osteoporosis and skeletal muscle in sarcopenia play a key role in the age [-] related incidence of fragility fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 reduced 2 mass
3 and 10 and
3 and 15 play
4 strength 5 of
4 strength 10 and
5 of 9 osteoporosis
6 both 9 osteoporosis
7 bone 9 osteoporosis
10 and 12 muscle
10 and 13 in
10 and 15 play
11 skeletal 12 muscle
13 in 14 sarcopenia
15 play 18 role
15 play 19 in
16 a 18 role
17 key 18 role
19 in 24 incidence
20 the 24 incidence
21 age 23 related
23 related 24 incidence
24 incidence 25 of
25 of 27 fractures
26 fragility 27 fractures

undernutrition is often observed in the elderly , particularly in those subjects experiencing osteoporotic fractures , more likely as a cause than a consequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 undernutrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
1 undernutrition 2 is
2 is 3 often
2 is 4 observed
4 observed 5 in
4 observed 10 in
5 in 7 elderly
6 the 7 elderly
8 , 9 particularly
8 , 10 in
10 in 12 subjects
10 in 25 .
11 those 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 experiencing
13 experiencing 15 fractures
14 osteoporotic 15 fractures
15 fractures 18 likely
16 , 18 likely
17 more 18 likely
18 likely 19 as
18 likely 22 than
18 likely 25 .
19 as 21 cause
20 a 21 cause
22 than 24 consequence
23 a 24 consequence

calcium ( ca ) , inorganic phosphate ( pi ) , vitamin d , and protein are nutrients that impact bone and skeletal muscle integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 calcium 3 ca
1 calcium 7 phosphate
1 calcium 12 vitamin
2 ( 3 ca
3 ca 4 )
5 , 7 phosphate
6 inorganic 7 phosphate
7 phosphate 9 pi
7 phosphate 11 ,
8 ( 9 pi
9 pi 10 )
12 vitamin 13 d
12 vitamin 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 protein
15 and 17 are
17 are 18 nutrients
18 nutrients 22 and
18 nutrients 24 muscle
19 that 21 bone
20 impact 21 bone
21 bone 22 and
22 and 23 skeletal
22 and 24 muscle
24 muscle 25 integrity

deficiency in the supply of these nutrients increases with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 deficiency 2 in
1 deficiency 8 increases
2 in 4 supply
3 the 4 supply
4 supply 5 of
5 of 7 nutrients
6 these 7 nutrients
8 increases 9 with
9 with 10 aging

dairy foods are rich in ca , pi , and proteins and in many countries are fortified with vitamin d . dairy foods are important souces of these nutrients and [go] a long way to meeting the recommendations , which increase with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 foods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 dairy 2 foods
2 foods 3 are
3 are 4 rich
4 rich 5 in
5 in 6 ca
7 , 10 and
7 , 12 and
8 pi 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 proteins
12 and 15 countries
12 and 17 fortified
13 in 14 many
13 in 15 countries
15 countries 16 are
16 are 17 fortified
17 fortified 18 with
18 with 19 vitamin
19 vitamin 20 d
21 . 23 foods
21 . 24 are
21 . 39 ,
21 . 44 .
22 dairy 23 foods
23 foods 24 are
24 are 30 and
24 are 35 to
25 important 26 souces
26 souces 27 of
26 souces 30 and
27 of 29 nutrients
28 these 29 nutrients
30 and 34 way
32 a 34 way
33 long 34 way
35 to 36 meeting
36 meeting 38 recommendations
37 the 38 recommendations
39 , 40 which
39 , 41 increase
40 which 41 increase
41 increase 42 with
42 with 43 aging

this review emphaszes the interactions between these 4 nutrients , which , along with physical activity , act through cellular and physiological pathways favoring the maintenance of both bone and skeletal muscle structure and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 emphaszes
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 emphaszes
3 emphaszes 5 interactions
3 emphaszes 6 between
4 the 5 interactions
6 between 9 nutrients
7 these 8 4
8 4 9 nutrients
9 nutrients 11 which
10 , 11 which
11 which 14 with
11 which 18 act
11 which 36 .
12 , 14 with
13 along 14 with
14 with 16 activity
14 with 17 ,
15 physical 16 activity
18 act 19 through
19 through 34 and
20 cellular 21 and
21 and 22 physiological
21 and 23 pathways
21 and 29 bone
21 and 30 and
23 pathways 24 favoring
23 pathways 29 bone
24 favoring 26 maintenance
25 the 26 maintenance
26 maintenance 27 of
27 of 28 both
30 and 33 structure
30 and 34 and
31 skeletal 32 muscle
32 muscle 33 structure
34 and 35 function

background : research shows that there is a basic gap in the knowledge of nursing home staff about urinary incontinence and the previous societal belief that urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 research
3 research 4 shows
4 shows 5 that
4 shows 15 nursing
5 that 6 there
5 that 7 is
7 is 10 gap
7 is 11 in
8 a 9 basic
8 a 10 gap
9 basic 10 gap
11 in 13 knowledge
12 the 13 knowledge
13 knowledge 14 of
14 of 15 nursing
15 nursing 21 and
16 home 17 staff
17 staff 18 about
17 staff 21 and
18 about 20 incontinence
19 urinary 20 incontinence
21 and 25 belief
21 and 26 that
21 and 34 aging
22 the 25 belief
23 previous 25 belief
24 societal 25 belief
26 that 28 incontinence
26 that 29 is
27 urinary 28 incontinence
28 incontinence 29 is
29 is 32 part
30 a 32 part
31 normal 32 part
32 part 33 of
33 of 34 aging

this study examines the knowledge of nursing home staff about the types and treatment of urinary incontinence as well as attitudes toward urinary incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 5 knowledge
3 examines 10 about
4 the 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 of
6 of 7 nursing
7 nursing 9 staff
8 home 9 staff
10 about 13 and
11 the 12 types
12 types 13 and
13 and 14 treatment
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 incontinence
16 urinary 17 incontinence
17 incontinence 20 as
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 21 attitudes
21 attitudes 22 toward
22 toward 24 incontinence
23 urinary 24 incontinence

methods : a [quasi] - experimental , within [-] subject , longitudinal pretest/posttest design was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 a
2 : 5 -
3 a 5 -
5 - 14 design
6 experimental 7 ,
6 experimental 14 design
8 within 13 pretest/posttest
8 within 14 design
10 subject 11 ,
10 subject 13 pretest/posttest
12 longitudinal 13 pretest/posttest
14 design 15 was
15 was 16 used

nursing home staff members received a 6 [-] week educational intervention on the types and treatment of urinary incontinence and attitudes toward urinary incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nursing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nursing 4 members
1 nursing 5 received
2 home 3 staff
3 staff 4 members
5 received 11 intervention
5 received 12 on
5 received 22 toward
6 a 11 intervention
7 6 9 week
9 week 11 intervention
10 educational 11 intervention
12 on 20 and
13 the 14 types
14 types 15 and
15 and 16 treatment
15 and 17 of
15 and 20 and
17 of 19 incontinence
18 urinary 19 incontinence
20 and 21 attitudes
22 toward 24 incontinence
23 urinary 24 incontinence

results : changes in knowledge about the types of urinary incontinence showed statistical significance for stress ( p < [.] 001 ) , functional ( p < [.] 003 ) , [and] overflow ( p < [.] 00 ) urinary incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 3 changes
2 : 12 showed
2 : 23 ,
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 6 about
3 changes 12 showed
4 in 5 knowledge
6 about 8 types
7 the 8 types
8 types 9 of
9 of 11 incontinence
10 urinary 11 incontinence
12 showed 14 significance
13 statistical 14 significance
14 significance 15 for
14 significance 19 <
15 for 16 stress
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 21 001
19 < 22 )
23 , 33 overflow
24 functional 27 <
24 functional 31 ,
24 functional 33 overflow
25 ( 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 29 003
27 < 30 )
33 overflow 36 <
33 overflow 41 incontinence
34 ( 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 38 00
36 < 39 )
40 urinary 41 incontinence

changes in attitudes toward urinary incontinence showed statistical significance ( p < [.] 000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 7 showed
2 in 3 attitudes
3 attitudes 4 toward
4 toward 6 incontinence
5 urinary 6 incontinence
7 showed 9 significance
8 statistical 9 significance
9 significance 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 14 000
12 < 15 )

changes in staff knowledge of the assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence did not reach statistical significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 8 and
2 in 4 knowledge
3 staff 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 5 of
5 of 7 assessment
6 the 7 assessment
8 and 15 reach
9 treatment 10 of
9 treatment 13 did
10 of 12 incontinence
11 urinary 12 incontinence
13 did 14 not
13 did 15 reach
15 reach 17 significance
16 statistical 17 significance

conclusion : this study showed that creative , evidence - based educational programming can improve staff knowledge about urinary incontinence and change staff attitudes toward urinary incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 showed
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 showed
5 showed 13 programming
5 showed 21 and
6 that 13 programming
7 creative 9 evidence
7 creative 10 -
7 creative 13 programming
8 , 9 evidence
9 evidence 10 -
11 based 13 programming
12 educational 13 programming
13 programming 14 can
14 can 21 and
15 improve 17 knowledge
15 improve 18 about
15 improve 21 and
16 staff 17 knowledge
18 about 20 incontinence
19 urinary 20 incontinence
21 and 22 change
21 and 24 attitudes
22 change 23 staff
24 attitudes 25 toward
25 toward 27 incontinence
26 urinary 27 incontinence

further research is needed on staff knowledge about the assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 on
4 needed 8 about
5 on 7 knowledge
6 staff 7 knowledge
8 about 11 and
9 the 10 assessment
10 assessment 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 13 of
13 of 15 incontinence
14 urinary 15 incontinence

none none none due to its short lifespan , ease of use and age - related pathologies that mirror those observed in humans , the common marmoset ( callithrix jacchus ) is poised to become a standard nonhuman primate model of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 due
4 due 5 to
4 due 13 and
5 to 10 ease
6 its 10 ease
7 short 10 ease
8 lifespan 9 ,
8 lifespan 10 ease
10 ease 11 of
11 of 12 use
13 and 14 age
13 and 21 observed
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 pathologies
16 related 21 observed
17 pathologies 18 that
17 pathologies 19 mirror
18 that 19 mirror
19 mirror 20 those
21 observed 22 in
22 in 23 humans
24 , 27 marmoset
24 , 35 become
25 the 27 marmoset
26 common 27 marmoset
27 marmoset 30 jacchus
27 marmoset 32 is
28 ( 30 jacchus
29 callithrix 30 jacchus
30 jacchus 31 )
32 is 33 poised
33 poised 34 to
34 to 35 become
35 become 40 model
36 a 37 standard
36 a 40 model
37 standard 40 model
38 nonhuman 40 model
39 primate 40 model
40 model 41 of
41 of 42 aging

blood and extracellular fluid possess two major thiol - dependent redox nodes involving cysteine ( cys ) , cystine ( cyss ) , glutathione ( gsh ) and glutathione disulfide ( gssg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 possess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 blood 2 and
2 and 4 fluid
2 and 5 possess
3 extracellular 4 fluid
5 possess 8 thiol
6 two 8 thiol
7 major 8 thiol
9 - 28 and
9 - 34 .
10 dependent 12 nodes
11 redox 12 nodes
12 nodes 13 involving
12 nodes 28 and
13 involving 14 cysteine
14 cysteine 16 cys
14 cysteine 19 cystine
14 cysteine 24 glutathione
15 ( 16 cys
16 cys 17 )
18 , 19 cystine
19 cystine 21 cyss
19 cystine 23 ,
20 ( 21 cyss
21 cyss 22 )
23 , 24 glutathione
24 glutathione 26 gsh
24 glutathione 27 )
25 ( 26 gsh
26 gsh 27 )
28 and 30 disulfide
28 and 32 gssg
29 glutathione 30 disulfide
31 ( 32 gssg
32 gssg 33 )

alteration in these plasma redox nodes significantly affects cellular physiology , and oxidation of the plasma cys/cyss redox potential ( [e] hcyss ) is associated with aging and disease risk in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alteration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 alteration 2 in
1 alteration 8 affects
2 in 6 nodes
3 these 6 nodes
4 plasma 6 nodes
5 redox 6 nodes
7 significantly 8 affects
8 affects 28 and
9 cellular 10 physiology
10 physiology 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 oxidation
12 and 14 of
12 and 25 associated
12 and 28 and
14 of 18 redox
15 the 18 redox
16 plasma 18 redox
17 cys/cyss 18 redox
18 redox 19 potential
18 redox 24 is
19 potential 22 hcyss
19 potential 24 is
20 ( 22 hcyss
22 hcyss 23 )
25 associated 26 with
26 with 27 aging
28 and 30 risk
29 disease 30 risk
30 risk 31 in
31 in 32 humans

the purpose of this study was to determine age - related changes in plasma redox metabolites and corresponding redox potentials [(] e [h] ) to further validate the marmoset as a nonhuman primate model of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 changes
11 related 13 in
11 related 25 to
11 related 30 as
11 related 37 .
13 in 17 and
14 plasma 15 redox
15 redox 16 metabolites
16 metabolites 17 and
17 and 20 potentials
17 and 24 )
18 corresponding 20 potentials
19 redox 20 potentials
20 potentials 22 e
25 to 27 validate
26 further 27 validate
27 validate 29 marmoset
28 the 29 marmoset
30 as 34 model
31 a 32 nonhuman
31 a 34 model
32 nonhuman 33 primate
33 primate 34 model
34 model 35 of
35 of 36 aging

we measured plasma thiol redox states in marmosets and used existing human data with multivariate adaptive regression splines ( mars ) to model the relationships between age and redox metabolites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 6 states
2 measured 7 in
3 plasma 4 thiol
4 thiol 5 redox
5 redox 6 states
7 in 8 marmosets
9 and 13 data
9 and 30 metabolites
10 used 13 data
11 existing 13 data
12 human 13 data
13 data 14 with
13 data 22 to
13 data 23 model
13 data 30 metabolites
14 with 18 splines
15 multivariate 17 regression
16 adaptive 17 regression
17 regression 18 splines
18 splines 20 mars
19 ( 20 mars
20 mars 21 )
22 to 23 model
23 model 25 relationships
24 the 25 relationships
25 relationships 26 between
26 between 28 and
27 age 28 and
28 and 29 redox

a classification accuracy of 70.2 % and an auc of 0.703 were achieved using the mars model built from the marmoset redox data to classify the human samples as young or old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 classification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 classification
2 classification 7 and
2 classification 12 were
2 classification 13 achieved
3 accuracy 4 of
3 accuracy 7 and
4 of 6 %
5 70.2 6 %
7 and 9 auc
7 and 10 of
7 and 12 were
8 an 9 auc
10 of 11 0.703
13 achieved 14 using
13 achieved 28 samples
13 achieved 29 as
14 using 17 model
14 using 19 from
14 using 24 to
14 using 25 classify
15 the 17 model
16 mars 17 model
17 model 18 built
19 from 23 data
20 the 23 data
21 marmoset 23 data
22 redox 23 data
24 to 25 classify
25 classify 27 human
26 the 27 human
29 as 31 or
30 young 31 or
31 or 32 old

these results show that common marmosets provide a useful model for thiol redox biology of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 marmosets
4 that 7 provide
5 common 6 marmosets
6 marmosets 7 provide
7 provide 10 model
8 a 10 model
9 useful 10 model
10 model 11 for
11 for 14 biology
12 thiol 14 biology
13 redox 14 biology
14 biology 15 of
15 of 16 aging

the elimination of oxidatively modified proteins is a crucial process in maintaining cellular homeostasis , especially during stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elimination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
1 the 2 elimination
2 elimination 3 of
2 elimination 7 is
3 of 6 proteins
4 oxidatively 5 modified
5 modified 6 proteins
7 is 10 process
8 a 9 crucial
8 a 10 process
9 crucial 10 process
10 process 11 in
11 in 12 maintaining
12 maintaining 14 homeostasis
13 cellular 14 homeostasis
14 homeostasis 17 during
15 , 16 especially
15 , 17 during
17 during 18 stress
17 during 19 .

mitochondria are protein [-] dense , high traffic compartments , whose polypeptides are constantly exposed to superoxide , hydrogen peroxide , and other reactive species , generated by ['] electron leakage ['] from the respiratory chain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 mitochondria 2 are
2 are 9 compartments
2 are 22 and
3 protein 9 compartments
5 dense 6 ,
5 dense 7 high
7 high 9 compartments
8 traffic 9 compartments
9 compartments 11 whose
10 , 11 whose
11 whose 12 polypeptides
11 whose 18 ,
12 polypeptides 13 are
13 are 15 exposed
14 constantly 15 exposed
15 exposed 16 to
16 to 17 superoxide
19 hydrogen 20 peroxide
20 peroxide 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 species
22 and 27 generated
23 other 25 species
24 reactive 25 species
26 , 27 generated
27 generated 28 by
27 generated 37 .
28 by 31 leakage
30 electron 31 leakage
31 leakage 33 from
33 from 36 chain
34 the 36 chain
35 respiratory 36 chain

the level of oxidative stress to mitochondrial proteins is not constant , but instead varies greatly with numerous metabolic and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 13 but
3 of 5 stress
4 oxidative 5 stress
5 stress 6 to
6 to 8 proteins
7 mitochondrial 8 proteins
9 is 10 not
9 is 11 constant
9 is 13 but
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 varies
14 instead 15 varies
15 varies 16 greatly
15 varies 17 with
17 with 22 factors
18 numerous 22 factors
19 metabolic 20 and
20 and 21 environmental
20 and 22 factors

oxidized mitochondrial proteins must be removed rapidly ( by proteolytic degradation ) or they will aggregate , cross - link , [and] cause toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 oxidized 3 proteins
2 mitochondrial 3 proteins
3 proteins 13 or
4 must 5 be
4 must 13 or
5 be 6 removed
6 removed 7 rapidly
6 removed 9 by
8 ( 9 by
9 by 11 degradation
9 by 12 )
10 proteolytic 11 degradation
13 or 17 ,
14 they 15 will
15 will 17 ,
16 aggregate 17 ,
17 , 18 cross
19 - 20 link
19 - 21 ,
19 - 25 .
21 , 23 cause
23 cause 24 toxicity

the lon protease is a key enzyme in the degradation of oxidized proteins within the mitochondrial matrix . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 protease
2 lon 3 protease
3 protease 4 is
4 is 7 enzyme
5 a 7 enzyme
6 key 7 enzyme
7 enzyme 8 in
8 in 10 degradation
9 the 10 degradation
10 degradation 11 of
11 of 13 proteins
12 oxidized 13 proteins
13 proteins 14 within
14 within 17 matrix
15 the 17 matrix
16 mitochondrial 17 matrix

under conditions of acute stress lon is highly inducible , possibly with the oxidant acting as the signal inducer , thereby providing increased protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 under
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 under 2 conditions
1 under 7 is
2 conditions 3 of
3 of 5 stress
4 acute 5 stress
6 lon 7 is
7 is 9 inducible
8 highly 9 inducible
9 inducible 12 with
10 , 11 possibly
10 , 12 with
12 with 14 oxidant
12 with 20 ,
13 the 14 oxidant
14 oxidant 15 acting
15 acting 16 as
15 acting 19 inducer
16 as 18 signal
17 the 18 signal
20 , 22 providing
20 , 23 increased
21 thereby 22 providing
22 providing 23 increased
23 increased 24 protection

it seems that under chronic stress conditions , however , lon levels actually decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 seems
2 seems 3 that
3 that 12 levels
3 that 14 decline
4 under 7 conditions
4 under 8 ,
4 under 12 levels
5 chronic 6 stress
6 stress 7 conditions
8 , 9 however
9 however 10 ,
9 however 12 levels
11 lon 12 levels
12 levels 14 decline
13 actually 14 decline

lon levels also decline with age and with senescence , and senescent cells even lose the ability to induce lon during acute stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 lon 2 levels
2 levels 4 decline
3 also 4 decline
4 decline 7 and
5 with 6 age
5 with 7 and
7 and 8 with
8 with 9 senescence
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 cells
11 and 15 lose
12 senescent 13 cells
13 cells 15 lose
14 even 15 lose
15 lose 17 ability
16 the 17 ability
17 ability 18 to
17 ability 19 induce
18 to 19 induce
19 induce 20 lon
19 induce 21 during
21 during 23 stress
22 acute 23 stress

[we] propose that the regulation of lon is biphasic , in that it is up - regulated during transient stress and down - regulated during chronic stress and aging , and we suggest that the loss of lon responsiveness may be a significant factor in aging , and in age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
2 propose 3 that
3 that 5 regulation
3 that 8 is
4 the 5 regulation
5 regulation 6 of
5 regulation 8 is
6 of 7 lon
8 is 9 biphasic
10 , 21 and
11 in 12 that
12 that 13 it
12 that 14 is
12 that 21 and
13 it 14 is
14 is 15 up
15 up 17 regulated
16 - 17 regulated
18 during 19 transient
18 during 21 and
20 stress 21 and
21 and 22 down
21 and 23 -
21 and 24 regulated
21 and 33 suggest
23 - 24 regulated
24 regulated 25 during
25 during 31 and
26 chronic 27 stress
27 stress 28 and
28 and 29 aging
28 and 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 we
33 suggest 34 that
34 that 36 loss
34 that 41 be
35 the 36 loss
36 loss 37 of
36 loss 40 may
37 of 39 responsiveness
38 lon 39 responsiveness
40 may 41 be
41 be 44 factor
42 a 43 significant
42 a 44 factor
43 significant 44 factor
44 factor 48 and
44 factor 53 diseases
45 in 46 aging
45 in 48 and
47 , 48 and
48 and 49 in
49 in 50 age
51 - 53 diseases
52 related 53 diseases
53 diseases 54 .

although the nrf2 ( nuclear factor - erythroid 2 p45 subunit - related factor 2 ) regulated expression of multiple antioxidant and cytoprotective genes through the electrophile responsive element ( epre ) is well established , interaction of nrf2/epre with nrf1 , a [closely] - related transcription factor , [is] less well understood . 
1 although 3 nrf2
1 although 11 subunit
2 the 3 nrf2
3 nrf2 6 factor
4 ( 6 factor
5 nuclear 6 factor
6 factor 7 -
8 erythroid 11 subunit
9 2 11 subunit
10 p45 11 subunit
11 subunit 14 factor
11 subunit 17 regulated
12 - 14 factor
13 related 14 factor
14 factor 15 2
14 factor 16 )
17 regulated 18 expression
17 regulated 25 through
18 expression 19 of
19 of 24 genes
20 multiple 24 genes
21 antioxidant 22 and
22 and 23 cytoprotective
22 and 24 genes
25 through 27 electrophile
26 the 27 electrophile
27 electrophile 29 element
27 electrophile 33 is
28 responsive 29 element
29 element 31 epre
29 element 33 is
30 ( 31 epre
31 epre 32 )
33 is 45 -
34 well 35 established
34 well 37 interaction
36 , 37 interaction
37 interaction 38 of
37 interaction 42 ,
38 of 39 nrf2/epre
39 nrf2/epre 40 with
40 with 41 nrf1
42 , 45 -
43 a 45 -
45 - 48 factor
46 related 47 transcription
47 transcription 48 factor
48 factor 52 well
49 , 51 less
49 , 52 well
52 well 53 understood
52 well 54 .

due to either proteolysis or alternative translation , nrf1 has been found as proteins of varying size , p120 , p95 , and p65 , which have been described as either activators of epre or competitive inhibitors of nrf2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 due 2 to
1 due 12 found
1 due 23 and
2 to 5 or
3 either 5 or
4 proteolysis 5 or
5 or 7 translation
5 or 8 ,
5 or 9 nrf1
5 or 11 been
6 alternative 7 translation
9 nrf1 10 has
10 has 11 been
12 found 13 as
13 as 14 proteins
14 proteins 15 of
14 proteins 21 p95
15 of 17 size
16 varying 17 size
18 , 21 p95
19 p120 20 ,
19 p120 21 p95
21 p95 22 ,
23 and 24 p65
23 and 25 ,
23 and 26 which
23 and 27 have
26 which 27 have
27 have 28 been
28 been 29 described
29 described 30 as
30 as 35 or
31 either 35 or
32 activators 33 of
32 activators 35 or
33 of 34 epre
35 or 37 inhibitors
35 or 38 of
36 competitive 37 inhibitors
38 of 39 nrf2

we investigated the effect of nrf1 on epre - regulated gene expression using the catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase ( gclc and gclm ) as models and explored the potential role of nrf1 in altering their expression in aging and upon chronic exposure to airborne nano - sized particulate matter ( npm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 effect
2 investigated 7 on
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
5 of 6 nrf1
7 on 8 epre
9 - 30 and
10 regulated 12 expression
10 regulated 13 using
10 regulated 30 and
11 gene 12 expression
13 using 16 and
13 using 28 as
14 the 16 and
15 catalytic 16 and
16 and 18 subunits
16 and 19 of
17 modifier 18 subunits
19 of 22 ligase
20 glutamate 22 ligase
21 cysteine 22 ligase
22 ligase 26 gclm
23 ( 26 gclm
24 gclc 25 and
25 and 26 gclm
26 gclm 27 )
28 as 29 models
30 and 31 explored
31 explored 34 role
31 explored 47 to
32 the 34 role
33 potential 34 role
34 role 35 of
34 role 37 in
35 of 36 nrf1
37 in 38 altering
38 altering 40 expression
39 their 40 expression
40 expression 43 and
41 in 42 aging
41 in 43 and
43 and 44 upon
44 upon 46 exposure
45 chronic 46 exposure
47 to 53 matter
48 airborne 53 matter
49 nano 50 -
49 nano 53 matter
51 sized 53 matter
52 particulate 53 matter
53 matter 55 npm
54 ( 55 npm
55 npm 56 )

nrf1 [knockout] resulted in the increased expression of gclc and gclm in human bronchial epithelial ( hbe1 ) cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nrf1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 nrf1 3 resulted
3 resulted 4 in
3 resulted 12 in
4 in 10 and
5 the 7 expression
6 increased 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 10 and
8 of 9 gclc
10 and 11 gclm
12 in 19 cells
13 human 19 cells
14 bronchial 19 cells
15 epithelial 17 hbe1
15 epithelial 19 cells
16 ( 17 hbe1
17 hbe1 18 )

overexpression nrf2 in combination [with] [either] p120 or p65 diminished or failed to further increase the gclc - and glcm - epre luciferase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 overexpression 2 nrf2
2 nrf2 3 in
2 nrf2 8 or
3 in 7 p120
4 combination 7 p120
8 or 9 p65
8 or 11 or
10 diminished 11 or
11 or 12 failed
11 or 13 to
11 or 19 and
13 to 15 increase
14 further 15 increase
16 the 19 and
17 gclc 19 and
18 - 19 and
19 and 20 glcm
21 - 24 activity
22 epre 23 luciferase
23 luciferase 24 activity

all known forms of nrf1 protein [,] remained unchanged in the lungs of mice with age or in response to npm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 all 3 forms
2 known 3 forms
3 forms 4 of
3 forms 8 remained
4 of 6 protein
5 nrf1 6 protein
8 remained 9 unchanged
9 unchanged 10 in
9 unchanged 20 to
10 in 12 lungs
11 the 12 lungs
12 lungs 13 of
13 of 14 mice
14 mice 17 or
15 with 16 age
15 with 17 or
17 or 19 response
18 in 19 response
20 to 21 npm

our study shows that nrf1 could inhibit epre activity in vitro , whereas the precise role of nrf1 in vivo requires further investigations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 shows
3 shows 4 that
4 that 5 nrf1
4 that 21 requires
5 nrf1 6 could
6 could 7 inhibit
7 inhibit 9 activity
7 inhibit 11 vitro
7 inhibit 13 whereas
8 epre 9 activity
10 in 11 vitro
12 , 13 whereas
13 whereas 16 role
14 the 16 role
15 precise 16 role
16 role 17 of
16 role 21 requires
17 of 18 nrf1
19 in 20 vivo
20 vivo 21 requires
21 requires 23 investigations
22 further 23 investigations

we conclude that nrf1 may not be directly responsible for the loss of nrf2 - dependent inducibility of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes observed in aged animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 observed
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 4 nrf1
3 that 7 be
4 nrf1 5 may
5 may 6 not
5 may 7 be
7 be 8 directly
7 be 9 responsible
9 responsible 10 for
10 for 12 loss
11 the 12 loss
12 loss 13 of
13 of 14 nrf2
15 - 23 observed
16 dependent 17 inducibility
17 inducibility 18 of
17 inducibility 20 and
18 of 19 antioxidant
20 and 22 genes
20 and 23 observed
21 cytoprotective 22 genes
23 observed 24 in
23 observed 27 .
24 in 26 animals
25 aged 26 animals

oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of the aging process and age dependent diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 plays
3 plays 6 role
3 plays 7 in
4 a 5 crucial
4 a 6 role
5 crucial 6 role
7 in 14 and
8 the 9 development
9 development 10 of
9 development 14 and
10 of 13 process
11 the 13 process
12 aging 13 process
14 and 17 diseases
15 age 17 diseases
16 dependent 17 diseases

both are closely connected to disturbances of proteostasis by protein oxidation and [an] impairment of the proteasomal system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 connected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 both 2 are
2 are 3 closely
2 are 4 connected
4 connected 5 to
4 connected 9 by
5 to 6 disturbances
6 disturbances 7 of
7 of 8 proteostasis
9 by 12 and
10 protein 11 oxidation
11 oxidation 12 and
12 and 14 impairment
12 and 15 of
15 of 18 system
16 the 18 system
17 proteasomal 18 system

the final consequence is the accumulation of [highly] cross [-] linked undegradable aggregates such as lipofuscin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consequence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 consequence
2 final 3 consequence
3 consequence 4 is
4 is 6 accumulation
5 the 6 accumulation
6 accumulation 7 of
7 of 13 aggregates
9 cross 11 linked
11 linked 13 aggregates
12 undegradable 13 aggregates
13 aggregates 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 16 lipofuscin

these aggregates of damaged proteins are detrimental to normal cell functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aggregates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 aggregates
2 aggregates 3 of
2 aggregates 6 are
3 of 5 proteins
4 damaged 5 proteins
6 are 7 detrimental
7 detrimental 8 to
8 to 11 functions
9 normal 10 cell
10 cell 11 functions

here we provide an overview about effect of these aggregates on the proteasomal system , followed by transcription factor activation and loss of cell viability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 15 ,
3 provide 5 overview
3 provide 6 about
3 provide 11 on
3 provide 15 ,
4 an 5 overview
6 about 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 10 aggregates
9 these 10 aggregates
11 on 14 system
12 the 14 system
13 proteasomal 14 system
15 , 16 followed
15 , 17 by
17 by 21 and
18 transcription 20 activation
19 factor 20 activation
20 activation 21 and
21 and 22 loss
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 viability
24 cell 25 viability

furthermore , findings on the mechanism of radical genesis , proteasomal inhibition and the required components of lipofuscin formation were resumed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 resumed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 findings
3 findings 4 on
3 findings 7 of
3 findings 20 were
4 on 6 mechanism
5 the 6 mechanism
7 of 13 and
8 radical 9 genesis
9 genesis 10 ,
10 , 12 inhibition
10 , 13 and
11 proteasomal 12 inhibition
13 and 16 components
13 and 17 of
14 the 16 components
15 required 16 components
17 of 19 formation
18 lipofuscin 19 formation
20 were 21 resumed

alzheimer disease ( ad ) is an age - related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of three pathological hallmarks : synapse loss , extracellular senile plaques ( sp [ )(and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 alzheimer 2 disease
2 disease 4 ad
2 disease 6 is
3 ( 4 ad
4 ad 5 )
6 is 8 age
7 an 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 12 disease
10 related 21 :
11 neurodegenerative 12 disease
12 disease 13 characterized
13 characterized 14 by
14 by 16 presence
15 the 16 presence
16 presence 17 of
17 of 20 hallmarks
18 three 20 hallmarks
19 pathological 20 hallmarks
21 : 22 synapse
22 synapse 23 loss
23 loss 27 plaques
24 , 27 plaques
25 extracellular 27 plaques
26 senile 27 plaques
27 plaques 31 )(and
27 plaques 37 )
28 ( 31 )(and
29 sp 31 )(and
31 )(and 34 tangles
31 )(and 36 nfts
31 )(and 37 )
32 intracellular 34 tangles
33 neurofibrillary 34 tangles
35 ( 36 nfts
36 nfts 37 )

the major component of sp is amyloid β - peptide [(] aβ ) , which has been shown to induce oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 component
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 component
2 major 3 component
3 component 4 of
3 component 6 is
4 of 5 sp
6 is 8 β
7 amyloid 8 β
8 β 12 aβ
9 - 12 aβ
10 peptide 12 aβ
12 aβ 13 )
14 , 15 which
14 , 18 shown
15 which 16 has
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 shown
18 shown 19 to
19 to 20 induce
20 induce 22 stress
21 oxidative 22 stress

the ad brain shows increased levels of lipid peroxidation products , including 4 - hydroxy - 2 - [nonenal] [(] [hne] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 brain
2 ad 3 brain
3 brain 4 shows
4 shows 6 levels
4 shows 14 -
5 increased 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 10 products
8 lipid 10 products
9 peroxidation 10 products
11 , 14 -
12 including 13 4
12 including 14 -
14 - 15 hydroxy
14 - 22 )
15 hydroxy 17 2
16 - 17 2
17 2 18 -

[hne] [can] react covalently with cys , his , or lys residues on proteins , altering structure and function of the latter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 react
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
3 react 4 covalently
3 react 5 with
3 react 13 on
5 with 10 or
6 cys 7 ,
7 , 8 his
7 , 10 or
9 , 10 or
10 or 12 residues
11 lys 12 residues
13 on 18 and
14 proteins 15 ,
15 , 17 structure
15 , 18 and
16 altering 17 structure
18 and 19 function
18 and 20 of
20 of 22 latter
21 the 22 latter

in the present study we measured the levels of the [hne] [-] modified lipoic acid in brain of subjects with ad and age - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
5 we 6 measured
6 measured 8 levels
6 measured 16 in
6 measured 20 with
7 the 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 15 acid
10 the 15 acid
13 modified 15 acid
14 lipoic 15 acid
16 in 17 brain
17 brain 18 of
18 of 19 subjects
20 with 22 and
21 ad 22 and
22 and 23 age
24 - 26 controls
24 - 27 .
25 matched 26 controls

lipoic acid is a key co - factor for a number of proteins including pyruvate [dehydrogenase] and α - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , key complexes for cellular energetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 lipoic 2 acid
2 acid 3 is
3 is 8 factor
3 is 9 for
4 a 8 factor
5 key 8 factor
6 co 7 -
6 co 8 factor
9 for 13 proteins
10 a 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 13 proteins
12 of 13 proteins
13 proteins 14 including
14 including 17 and
15 pyruvate 17 and
17 and 21 dehydrogenase
17 and 24 complexes
18 α 19 -
18 α 21 dehydrogenase
20 ketoglutarate 21 dehydrogenase
22 , 24 complexes
23 key 24 complexes
24 complexes 25 for
24 complexes 28 .
25 for 27 energetics
26 cellular 27 energetics

we observed a significant decrease in the levels [of] [hne] - lipoic acid in the ad brain compared to that of age - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 5 decrease
2 observed 24 matched
3 a 5 decrease
4 significant 5 decrease
5 decrease 6 in
5 decrease 13 acid
5 decrease 24 matched
6 in 8 levels
7 the 8 levels
11 - 13 acid
12 lipoic 13 acid
13 acid 14 in
13 acid 18 compared
13 acid 19 to
13 acid 21 of
13 acid 23 -
14 in 17 brain
15 the 17 brain
16 ad 17 brain
19 to 20 that
21 of 22 age
24 matched 25 controls

to investigate this phenomenon further , the levels and activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase ( ladh ) were measured in ad and control brains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 4 phenomenon
2 investigate 5 further
3 this 4 phenomenon
6 , 13 dehydrogenase
6 , 18 measured
7 the 13 dehydrogenase
8 levels 9 and
9 and 10 activity
9 and 11 of
9 and 13 dehydrogenase
11 of 12 lipoamide
13 dehydrogenase 15 ladh
13 dehydrogenase 17 were
14 ( 15 ladh
15 ladh 16 )
17 were 18 measured
18 measured 19 in
19 in 21 and
20 ad 21 and
21 and 23 brains
22 control 23 brains

additionally , ladh activities were measured [after] in [-] vitro [hne] - treatment to mice brains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 activities
3 ladh 4 activities
4 activities 5 were
5 were 6 measured
6 measured 10 vitro
8 in 10 vitro
12 - 13 treatment
13 treatment 14 to
14 to 16 brains
15 mice 16 brains

both ladh levels and activities were found to be significantly reduced in ad brain compared to age - matched control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 both 3 levels
2 ladh 3 levels
3 levels 4 and
4 and 5 activities
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 to
7 found 16 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 significantly
9 be 11 reduced
11 reduced 12 in
12 in 14 brain
13 ad 14 brain
14 brain 15 compared
16 to 17 age
18 - 20 control
19 matched 20 control

[hne] - treatment also reduced the ladh activity in mice brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
2 - 3 treatment
3 treatment 5 reduced
4 also 5 reduced
5 reduced 8 activity
5 reduced 9 in
6 the 8 activity
7 ladh 8 activity
9 in 11 brain
10 mice 11 brain

these data are consistent with a two [-] hit hypothesis of ad : oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation that , in turn , causes oxidative dysfunction of key energy - related complexes in mitochondria , triggering neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 are
3 are 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
5 with 10 hypothesis
5 with 17 to
6 a 10 hypothesis
7 two 10 hypothesis
9 hit 10 hypothesis
10 hypothesis 11 of
10 hypothesis 13 :
11 of 12 ad
13 : 15 stress
13 : 16 leads
14 oxidative 15 stress
15 stress 16 leads
17 to 19 peroxidation
18 lipid 19 peroxidation
19 peroxidation 20 that
19 peroxidation 25 causes
20 that 25 causes
21 , 23 turn
22 in 23 turn
23 turn 24 ,
23 turn 25 causes
25 causes 27 dysfunction
26 oxidative 27 dysfunction
27 dysfunction 28 of
28 of 30 energy
29 key 30 energy
30 energy 37 triggering
31 - 32 related
32 related 33 complexes
32 related 36 ,
32 related 37 triggering
33 complexes 34 in
34 in 35 mitochondria
37 triggering 38 neurodegeneration

this study is consonant with the notion that lipoic acid supplementation could be a potential treatment for the observed loss of cellular energetics in ad and potentiate the antioxidant defense system to prevent or delay the oxidative stress in [and] progression of this devastating dementing disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 consonant
4 consonant 5 with
5 with 7 notion
6 the 7 notion
7 notion 8 that
8 that 11 supplementation
8 that 26 and
9 lipoic 11 supplementation
10 acid 11 supplementation
11 supplementation 12 could
12 could 26 and
13 be 16 treatment
13 be 26 and
14 a 15 potential
14 a 16 treatment
15 potential 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 for
16 treatment 21 of
17 for 20 loss
18 the 20 loss
19 observed 20 loss
21 of 23 energetics
22 cellular 23 energetics
23 energetics 24 in
24 in 25 ad
26 and 34 or
26 and 39 in
27 potentiate 31 system
27 potentiate 34 or
28 the 31 system
29 antioxidant 31 system
30 defense 31 system
31 system 32 to
31 system 33 prevent
32 to 33 prevent
34 or 35 delay
35 delay 38 stress
36 the 38 stress
37 oxidative 38 stress
39 in 41 progression
41 progression 42 of
42 of 46 disorder
43 this 44 devastating
44 devastating 46 disorder
45 dementing 46 disorder

aging and age - related diseases are associated with cellular senescence that results in variable apoptosis susceptibility to oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 aging 2 and
2 and 3 age
4 - 6 diseases
4 - 8 associated
5 related 6 diseases
6 diseases 7 are
7 are 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 18 to
9 with 11 senescence
9 with 17 susceptibility
10 cellular 11 senescence
11 senescence 12 that
11 senescence 13 results
12 that 13 results
13 results 14 in
14 in 16 apoptosis
15 variable 16 apoptosis
18 to 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress

although fibroblast senescence has been associated with apoptosis resistance , mechanisms for this have not been well defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 although 3 senescence
1 although 6 associated
1 although 10 ,
1 although 11 mechanisms
2 fibroblast 3 senescence
3 senescence 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 apoptosis
7 with 9 resistance
11 mechanisms 12 for
11 mechanisms 14 have
12 for 13 this
14 have 15 not
14 have 16 been
16 been 17 well
17 well 18 defined

in this report , we studied epigenetic mechanisms involving histone modifications that confer apoptosis resistance to senescent human diploid fibroblasts ( hdfs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 report
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 report
5 we 6 studied
6 studied 8 mechanisms
6 studied 16 to
7 epigenetic 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 involving
9 involving 11 modifications
10 histone 11 modifications
11 modifications 12 that
11 modifications 13 confer
12 that 13 confer
13 confer 15 resistance
14 apoptosis 15 resistance
16 to 20 fibroblasts
17 senescent 20 fibroblasts
18 human 20 fibroblasts
19 diploid 20 fibroblasts
20 fibroblasts 22 hdfs
21 ( 22 hdfs
22 hdfs 23 )

hdfs that undergo replicative senescence display typical morphological features , express senescence - associated β - galactosidase , and increased levels of the tumor suppressor genes , p16 , p21 , and caveolin - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hdfs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 display
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 hdfs 2 that
1 hdfs 3 undergo
1 hdfs 6 display
2 that 3 undergo
3 undergo 5 senescence
4 replicative 5 senescence
6 display 9 features
7 typical 9 features
8 morphological 9 features
9 features 12 senescence
10 , 12 senescence
11 express 12 senescence
12 senescence 13 -
13 - 19 and
13 - 36 .
14 associated 15 β
14 associated 19 and
15 β 17 galactosidase
16 - 17 galactosidase
17 galactosidase 18 ,
19 and 20 increased
19 and 35 1
20 increased 21 levels
21 levels 22 of
22 of 26 genes
23 the 26 genes
24 tumor 25 suppressor
25 suppressor 26 genes
26 genes 32 and
27 , 32 and
28 p16 29 ,
28 p16 30 p21
30 p21 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 caveolin
32 and 34 -

senescent hdfs are more resistant to oxidative stress ( exogenous h2o2 ) - induced apoptosis in comparison [to] [non] - senescent ( control ) hdfs ; this is associated with constitutively high levels of the anti - apoptotic gene , bcl - 2 , and low expression of the pro - apoptotic gene , bax . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hdfs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 senescent 2 hdfs
2 hdfs 3 are
3 are 4 more
3 are 5 resistant
5 resistant 6 to
6 to 8 stress
7 oxidative 8 stress
8 stress 11 h2o2
8 stress 15 apoptosis
9 ( 11 h2o2
10 exogenous 11 h2o2
11 h2o2 12 )
13 - 15 apoptosis
14 induced 15 apoptosis
15 apoptosis 16 in
15 apoptosis 20 -
16 in 17 comparison
20 - 25 hdfs
20 - 26 ;
21 senescent 23 control
21 senescent 25 hdfs
22 ( 23 control
23 control 24 )
26 ; 27 this
26 ; 29 associated
26 ; 51 -
27 this 28 is
28 is 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 45 and
31 constitutively 32 high
32 high 33 levels
33 levels 34 of
33 levels 40 ,
34 of 39 gene
35 the 39 gene
36 anti 37 -
36 anti 39 gene
38 apoptotic 39 gene
40 , 41 bcl
40 , 45 and
41 bcl 43 2
42 - 43 2
43 2 44 ,
44 , 45 and
45 and 47 expression
45 and 48 of
46 low 47 expression
48 of 50 pro
49 the 50 pro
51 - 53 gene
51 - 54 ,
52 apoptotic 53 gene
54 , 55 bax

cellular senescence is characterized by global increases in h4k20 trimethylation and decreases in h4k16 acetylation in association with increased activity of suv420h2 histone methyltransferase ( which targets h4k20 ) , decreased activity of the histone acetyltransferase , mof ( which targets h4k16 ) , as well as decreased total histone acetyltransferase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 3 is
3 is 11 and
4 characterized 5 by
4 characterized 8 in
4 characterized 10 trimethylation
4 characterized 11 and
5 by 7 increases
6 global 7 increases
8 in 9 h4k20
11 and 12 decreases
12 decreases 13 in
13 in 15 acetylation
14 h4k16 15 acetylation
15 acetylation 17 association
15 acetylation 18 with
16 in 17 association
18 with 30 ,
19 increased 20 activity
19 increased 30 ,
20 activity 21 of
20 activity 26 which
21 of 24 methyltransferase
22 suv420h2 24 methyltransferase
23 histone 24 methyltransferase
25 ( 26 which
26 which 27 targets
26 which 29 )
27 targets 28 h4k20
30 , 31 decreased
31 decreased 32 activity
32 activity 33 of
32 activity 47 as
33 of 36 acetyltransferase
34 the 36 acetyltransferase
35 histone 36 acetyltransferase
36 acetyltransferase 38 mof
37 , 38 mof
38 mof 40 which
38 mof 44 ,
39 ( 40 which
40 which 41 targets
40 which 43 )
41 targets 42 h4k16
45 as 46 well
46 well 47 as
47 as 52 activity
48 decreased 49 total
49 total 51 acetyltransferase
50 histone 51 acetyltransferase
51 acetyltransferase 52 activity

in contrast to bax gene [,] chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate marked enrichment of the bcl [-] 2 gene with h4k16ac , and depletion with h4k20me3 , predicting active transcription of this gene in senescent hdfs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 demonstrate
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 9 studies
3 to 8 immunoprecipitation
3 to 9 studies
4 bax 5 gene
5 gene 7 chromatin
7 chromatin 8 immunoprecipitation
9 studies 10 demonstrate
10 demonstrate 12 enrichment
10 demonstrate 19 with
10 demonstrate 24 with
11 marked 12 enrichment
12 enrichment 13 of
13 of 18 gene
14 the 18 gene
15 bcl 17 2
15 bcl 18 gene
19 with 22 and
20 h4k16ac 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 depletion
24 with 25 h4k20me3
25 h4k20me3 27 predicting
26 , 27 predicting
27 predicting 29 transcription
27 predicting 33 in
27 predicting 36 .
28 active 29 transcription
29 transcription 30 of
30 of 32 gene
31 this 32 gene
33 in 35 hdfs
34 senescent 35 hdfs

these data indicate that both global and locus - specific histone modifications of chromatin regulate altered bcl - 2:bax gene expression in senescent fibroblasts , contributing to its apoptosis - resistant phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 indicate
3 indicate 7 and
4 that 7 and
5 both 7 and
6 global 7 and
7 and 8 locus
9 - 11 histone
9 - 16 altered
9 - 18 -
9 - 19 2:bax
9 - 30 -
10 specific 11 histone
11 histone 12 modifications
11 histone 15 regulate
11 histone 16 altered
12 modifications 13 of
12 modifications 15 regulate
13 of 14 chromatin
16 altered 17 bcl
18 - 19 2:bax
19 2:bax 21 expression
19 2:bax 22 in
19 2:bax 26 contributing
20 gene 21 expression
22 in 24 fibroblasts
23 senescent 24 fibroblasts
25 , 26 contributing
26 contributing 27 to
26 contributing 30 -
27 to 29 apoptosis
28 its 29 apoptosis
30 - 32 phenotype
31 resistant 32 phenotype

it has been shown that healthy aging affects the ability to focus attention on a given task and to ignore distractors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 shown
4 shown 7 aging
4 shown 8 affects
5 that 7 aging
6 healthy 7 aging
7 aging 8 affects
8 affects 10 ability
9 the 10 ability
10 ability 11 to
10 ability 18 and
11 to 18 and
12 focus 13 attention
12 focus 14 on
12 focus 18 and
14 on 17 task
15 a 17 task
16 given 17 task
18 and 19 to
18 and 20 ignore
19 to 20 ignore
20 ignore 21 distractors

here , we asked whether long - term physical activity is associated with lower susceptibility to distraction of auditory attention , and how physically active and inactive seniors may differ regarding subcomponents of auditory attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 asked
4 asked 5 whether
5 whether 10 activity
5 whether 12 associated
6 long 7 -
6 long 8 term
8 term 10 activity
9 physical 10 activity
10 activity 11 is
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 16 to
12 associated 24 physically
12 associated 25 active
13 with 15 susceptibility
14 lower 15 susceptibility
16 to 17 distraction
17 distraction 18 of
18 of 22 and
19 auditory 20 attention
20 attention 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 how
26 and 28 seniors
26 and 30 differ
27 inactive 28 seniors
28 seniors 29 may
29 may 30 differ
30 differ 32 subcomponents
31 regarding 32 subcomponents
32 subcomponents 33 of
33 of 35 attention
34 auditory 35 attention

an auditory duration discrimination task was employed , and involuntary attentional shifts to task - irrelevant rare frequency deviations and subsequent reorientation were studied by analysis of behavioral data and event - related potential measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 an 5 task
2 auditory 3 duration
3 duration 5 task
4 discrimination 5 task
5 task 6 was
6 was 7 employed
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 shifts
9 and 33 related
10 involuntary 12 shifts
11 attentional 12 shifts
12 shifts 13 to
12 shifts 14 task
12 shifts 18 frequency
12 shifts 33 related
13 to 14 task
15 - 18 frequency
16 irrelevant 18 frequency
17 rare 18 frequency
18 frequency 20 and
18 frequency 23 were
18 frequency 24 studied
18 frequency 27 of
18 frequency 32 -
19 deviations 20 and
20 and 22 reorientation
20 and 23 were
21 subsequent 22 reorientation
24 studied 25 by
25 by 26 analysis
27 of 30 and
28 behavioral 29 data
29 data 30 and
30 and 31 event
33 related 35 measures
34 potential 35 measures

the frequency deviations impaired performance more in physically inactive than active seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deviations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 deviations
2 frequency 3 deviations
3 deviations 4 impaired
4 impaired 5 performance
4 impaired 6 more
4 impaired 7 in
7 in 12 seniors
8 physically 9 inactive
9 inactive 12 seniors
10 than 11 active
11 active 12 seniors

this was accompanied by a stronger frontal positivity ( p3a ) and increased activation of anterior cingulate [cortex] , suggesting a stronger involuntary shift of attention towards task [-] irrelevant stimulus features in inactive compared [to] active seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 this 12 and
2 was 3 accompanied
2 was 12 and
3 accompanied 4 by
4 by 8 positivity
5 a 8 positivity
6 stronger 8 positivity
7 frontal 8 positivity
8 positivity 10 p3a
9 ( 10 p3a
10 p3a 11 )
12 and 13 increased
12 and 14 activation
14 activation 15 of
15 of 17 cingulate
16 anterior 17 cingulate
17 cingulate 20 suggesting
19 , 20 suggesting
20 suggesting 24 shift
20 suggesting 27 towards
20 suggesting 33 in
20 suggesting 39 .
21 a 24 shift
22 stronger 24 shift
23 involuntary 24 shift
24 shift 25 of
25 of 26 attention
27 towards 32 features
28 task 32 features
30 irrelevant 31 stimulus
31 stimulus 32 features
33 in 38 seniors
34 inactive 38 seniors
35 compared 38 seniors
37 active 38 seniors

these results indicate a positive relationship between physical fitness and attentional control in elderly , presumably due [to] more focused attentional resources and enhanced inhibition of irrelevant stimulus features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 6 relationship
3 indicate 7 between
3 indicate 13 in
4 a 5 positive
4 a 6 relationship
5 positive 6 relationship
7 between 10 and
8 physical 9 fitness
9 fitness 10 and
10 and 12 control
11 attentional 12 control
13 in 23 and
14 elderly 15 ,
14 elderly 22 resources
16 presumably 17 due
17 due 22 resources
19 more 20 focused
20 focused 22 resources
21 attentional 22 resources
22 resources 23 and
23 and 25 inhibition
23 and 26 of
24 enhanced 25 inhibition
26 of 29 features
27 irrelevant 28 stimulus
28 stimulus 29 features

objective : to investigate the temporal ordering of cognitive and functional declines separately in older adults [with] or without alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 26 .
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 7 ordering
4 investigate 13 separately
4 investigate 18 or
5 the 7 ordering
6 temporal 7 ordering
7 ordering 8 of
8 of 12 declines
9 cognitive 10 and
10 and 11 functional
10 and 12 declines
14 in 16 adults
14 in 18 or
15 older 16 adults
18 or 19 without
19 without 22 disease
20 alzheimer 21 's
21 's 22 disease
22 disease 24 ad
23 ( 24 ad
24 ad 25 )

design and setting : a community - based longitudinal study of aging and dementia in northern manhattan ( washington heights/hamilton heights inwood columbia aging project ) and a multicenter , clinic - based longitudinal study of prevalent ad at columbia university medical center , johns hopkins school of medicine , massachusetts general hospital , and the hôpital de la salpêtrière in paris , france ( the predictors study ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 setting
3 setting 4 :
4 : 6 community
5 a 6 community
7 - 27 and
7 - 33 based
7 - 70 .
8 based 10 study
9 longitudinal 10 study
10 study 11 of
10 study 13 and
11 of 12 aging
13 and 14 dementia
13 and 15 in
13 and 27 and
15 in 17 manhattan
16 northern 17 manhattan
17 manhattan 25 project
18 ( 25 project
19 washington 20 heights/hamilton
20 heights/hamilton 21 heights
21 heights 22 inwood
22 inwood 23 columbia
23 columbia 24 aging
24 aging 25 project
25 project 26 )
27 and 31 clinic
27 and 32 -
27 and 33 based
28 a 29 multicenter
28 a 31 clinic
29 multicenter 30 ,
29 multicenter 31 clinic
33 based 35 study
33 based 39 at
34 longitudinal 35 study
35 study 36 of
36 of 38 ad
37 prevalent 38 ad
39 at 55 and
40 columbia 41 university
41 university 42 medical
42 medical 43 center
43 center 44 ,
44 , 47 school
44 , 55 and
45 johns 46 hopkins
46 hopkins 47 school
47 school 48 of
48 of 49 medicine
49 medicine 53 hospital
50 , 53 hospital
51 massachusetts 52 general
52 general 53 hospital
53 hospital 54 ,
54 , 55 and
55 and 60 salpêtrière
55 and 63 ,
55 and 64 france
56 the 60 salpêtrière
57 hôpital 58 de
58 de 59 la
59 la 60 salpêtrière
60 salpêtrière 61 in
61 in 62 paris
63 , 64 france
64 france 68 study
64 france 69 )
65 ( 68 study
66 the 68 study
67 predictors 68 study
68 study 69 )

participants : 3,443 initially [non] - demented older adults ( 612 with eventual incident dementia [ )(and 517 patients with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 3,443
2 : 4 initially
6 - 9 adults
7 demented 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 11 612
10 ( 11 612
11 612 12 with
11 612 22 .
12 with 17 )(and
13 eventual 14 incident
14 incident 15 dementia
15 dementia 17 )(and
17 )(and 19 patients
17 )(and 20 with
18 517 19 patients
20 with 21 ad

main outcome measures : cognitive measures included the modified mini - mental state exam and composite scores of memory and language derived from a standardized neuropsychological battery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 6 measures
4 : 7 included
4 : 11 -
4 : 28 .
5 cognitive 6 measures
6 measures 7 included
7 included 10 mini
8 the 10 mini
9 modified 10 mini
11 - 14 exam
11 - 15 and
12 mental 13 state
13 state 14 exam
15 and 20 and
15 and 22 derived
16 composite 17 scores
17 scores 18 of
17 scores 20 and
18 of 20 and
19 memory 20 and
20 and 21 language
20 and 22 derived
22 derived 23 from
23 from 27 battery
24 a 27 battery
25 standardized 27 battery
26 neuropsychological 27 battery

function was measured with the blessed dementia rating scale , completed by the participant ( in the sample of [non] [-] demented older adults ) or an informant ( in the sample of prevalent ad patients ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 function 2 was
2 was 3 measured
3 measured 4 with
4 with 8 rating
4 with 26 or
5 the 8 rating
6 blessed 7 dementia
7 dementia 8 rating
9 scale 11 completed
9 scale 26 or
10 , 11 completed
11 completed 12 by
11 completed 25 )
12 by 14 participant
13 the 14 participant
14 participant 16 in
15 ( 16 in
16 in 18 sample
16 in 25 )
17 the 18 sample
18 sample 19 of
19 of 24 adults
22 demented 24 adults
23 older 24 adults
26 or 28 informant
26 or 30 in
27 an 28 informant
29 ( 30 in
30 in 32 sample
30 in 37 )
31 the 32 sample
32 sample 33 of
33 of 36 patients
34 prevalent 36 patients
35 ad 36 patients

data were analyzed with autoregressive cross [-] [lagged] panel analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 with
4 with 10 analysis
5 autoregressive 6 cross
6 cross 10 analysis
9 panel 10 analysis

results : cognitive scores more consistently predicted subsequent functional abilities than vice versa in [non] - demented older adults , participants with eventual incident dementia , and patients with prevalent ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 cognitive
2 : 20 ,
3 cognitive 4 scores
3 cognitive 14 in
3 cognitive 19 adults
4 scores 7 predicted
5 more 6 consistently
6 consistently 7 predicted
7 predicted 10 abilities
7 predicted 14 in
8 subsequent 10 abilities
9 functional 10 abilities
10 abilities 13 versa
11 than 13 versa
12 vice 13 versa
16 - 19 adults
17 demented 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
19 adults 20 ,
20 , 27 and
21 participants 22 with
21 participants 27 and
22 with 25 dementia
23 eventual 24 incident
24 incident 25 dementia
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 patients
27 and 29 with
29 with 31 ad
30 prevalent 31 ad

conclusions : cognitive declines appear to precede [and] cause functional declines prior to [and] following dementia diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 declines
2 : 5 appear
3 cognitive 4 declines
4 declines 5 appear
5 appear 6 to
5 appear 13 to
6 to 7 precede
7 precede 11 declines
9 cause 11 declines
10 functional 11 declines
12 prior 13 to
13 to 15 following
15 following 17 diagnosis
16 dementia 17 diagnosis

standardized neuropsychological tests are valid predictors of later functional changes in both [non] - demented and demented older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 standardized 3 tests
2 neuropsychological 3 tests
3 tests 4 are
4 are 6 predictors
5 valid 6 predictors
6 predictors 7 of
7 of 10 changes
8 later 10 changes
9 functional 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
11 in 12 both
14 - 19 adults
14 - 20 .
15 demented 16 and
16 and 17 demented
16 and 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

introduction : masp - 1 is the first protein in the activation of the lectin pathway and masp - 1 is , like its isoforms masp - 3 and map44 , encoded by the masp1 gene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 3 masp
4 - 5 1
4 - 6 is
4 - 22 ,
4 - 32 encoded
5 1 6 is
6 is 9 protein
6 is 10 in
7 the 9 protein
8 first 9 protein
10 in 12 activation
11 the 12 activation
12 activation 13 of
12 activation 20 1
12 activation 21 is
13 of 17 and
14 the 16 pathway
15 lectin 16 pathway
16 pathway 17 and
17 and 18 masp
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 is
22 , 23 like
23 like 25 isoforms
24 its 25 isoforms
25 isoforms 26 masp
25 isoforms 32 encoded
26 masp 30 map44
26 masp 32 encoded
27 - 30 map44
28 3 29 and
29 and 30 map44
30 map44 31 ,
32 encoded 33 by
33 by 36 gene
34 the 36 gene
35 masp1 36 gene

our aim was to explore associations between polymorphisms in masp1 and corresponding concentrations of masp - 1 , masp - 3 , and map44 in plasma as well as the genetic contribution to the equilibrium between the three proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 our 2 aim
2 aim 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 explore
4 to 5 explore
5 explore 6 associations
5 explore 7 between
5 explore 25 in
7 between 23 and
8 polymorphisms 9 in
8 polymorphisms 11 and
9 in 10 masp1
11 and 13 concentrations
11 and 14 of
11 and 17 1
11 and 20 -
11 and 23 and
12 corresponding 13 concentrations
14 of 15 masp
16 - 17 1
17 1 18 ,
18 , 20 -
19 masp 20 -
20 - 21 3
20 - 22 ,
23 and 24 map44
25 in 26 plasma
26 plasma 29 as
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
29 as 32 contribution
30 the 32 contribution
31 genetic 32 contribution
32 contribution 33 to
32 contribution 36 between
33 to 35 equilibrium
34 the 35 equilibrium
36 between 39 proteins
37 the 39 proteins
38 three 39 proteins

methods : fifteen snps were genotyped in the masp1 gene in 350 blood donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 snps
2 : 6 genotyped
2 : 15 .
3 fifteen 4 snps
4 snps 5 were
5 were 6 genotyped
6 genotyped 7 in
6 genotyped 11 in
7 in 10 gene
8 the 10 gene
9 masp1 10 gene
11 in 14 donors
12 350 14 donors
13 blood 14 donors

corresponding plasma concentrations of masp - 1 , masp - 3 , and map44 were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 corresponding 2 plasma
2 plasma 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 of
3 concentrations 15 were
4 of 13 and
5 masp 7 1
5 masp 13 and
6 - 7 1
7 1 9 masp
7 1 12 ,
8 , 9 masp
9 masp 11 3
9 masp 12 ,
10 - 11 3
11 3 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 map44
15 were 16 measured

results : a total of 10 different snps showed associations with the concentration of one or some of the three proteins ( rs113938200 , rs190590338 , rs35089177 , rs3774275 , rs67143992 , rs698090 , rs72549154 , rs72549254 , rs75284004 , rs7625133 ) , and several of these were in strong linkage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 9 showed
2 : 44 and
2 : 52 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 showed
5 of 8 snps
6 10 8 snps
7 different 8 snps
9 showed 10 associations
9 showed 11 with
9 showed 21 proteins
11 with 13 concentration
12 the 13 concentration
13 concentration 14 of
13 concentration 18 of
14 of 16 or
15 one 16 or
16 or 17 some
18 of 20 three
19 the 20 three
21 proteins 25 rs190590338
22 ( 25 rs190590338
23 rs113938200 24 ,
23 rs113938200 25 rs190590338
25 rs190590338 37 rs72549254
25 rs190590338 43 ,
26 , 37 rs72549254
27 rs35089177 28 ,
27 rs35089177 37 rs72549254
29 rs3774275 31 rs67143992
29 rs3774275 32 ,
29 rs3774275 37 rs72549254
30 , 31 rs67143992
31 rs67143992 32 ,
33 rs698090 35 rs72549154
33 rs698090 37 rs72549254
34 , 35 rs72549154
35 rs72549154 36 ,
37 rs72549254 41 rs7625133
37 rs72549254 42 )
38 , 41 rs7625133
39 rs75284004 40 ,
39 rs75284004 41 rs7625133
41 rs7625133 42 )
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 several
44 and 48 were
45 several 46 of
45 several 48 were
46 of 47 these
48 were 49 in
49 in 51 linkage
50 strong 51 linkage

snps located in the mutually exclusive splice region had opposite effects on the protein concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 snps 2 located
1 snps 9 had
2 located 3 in
3 in 8 region
4 the 8 region
5 mutually 6 exclusive
6 exclusive 7 splice
7 splice 8 region
9 had 11 effects
9 had 12 on
10 opposite 11 effects
12 on 15 concentrations
13 the 15 concentrations
14 protein 15 concentrations

being e.g [.] homozygote for the minor allele of rs3774275 was associated with an increase in median concentration of 13 % in masp - 1 ( p=0.03 ) , 29 % in map44 ( p<0.001 ) , and a decrease in masp - 3 of 26 % ( p<0.001 ) compared to homozygosis for the major allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 being 4 homozygote
1 being 11 was
1 being 13 with
1 being 16 in
1 being 22 in
2 e.g 4 homozygote
4 homozygote 5 for
5 for 7 minor
6 the 7 minor
8 allele 9 of
8 allele 11 was
9 of 10 rs3774275
11 was 12 associated
13 with 15 increase
14 an 15 increase
16 in 18 concentration
17 median 18 concentration
18 concentration 19 of
19 of 21 %
20 13 21 %
22 in 23 masp
24 - 25 1
24 - 51 compared
24 - 58 .
25 1 27 p=0.03
25 1 31 %
25 1 51 compared
26 ( 27 p=0.03
27 p=0.03 28 )
29 , 31 %
30 29 31 %
31 % 32 in
31 % 41 in
31 % 50 )
32 in 38 and
33 map44 35 p<0.001
33 map44 38 and
34 ( 35 p<0.001
35 p<0.001 36 )
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 decrease
39 a 40 decrease
41 in 42 masp
42 masp 44 3
43 - 44 3
44 3 45 of
44 3 50 )
45 of 47 %
46 26 47 %
47 % 49 p<0.001
48 ( 49 p<0.001
49 p<0.001 50 )
51 compared 52 to
51 compared 57 allele
52 to 53 homozygosis
53 homozygosis 54 for
54 for 56 major
55 the 56 major

heterozygosis of rs113938200 ( p.asn368asp in map44 ) was associated with a reduced map44 concentration of 61 % ( p=0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 heterozygosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 heterozygosis 2 of
1 heterozygosis 9 was
2 of 3 rs113938200
3 rs113938200 5 p.asn368asp
4 ( 5 p.asn368asp
5 p.asn368asp 6 in
5 p.asn368asp 8 )
6 in 7 map44
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 15 concentration
12 a 15 concentration
13 reduced 15 concentration
14 map44 15 concentration
15 concentration 16 of
16 of 18 %
17 61 18 %
18 % 20 p=0.005
19 ( 20 p=0.005
20 p=0.005 21 )

rs190590338 located in the promoter region was associated in the heterozygote form with an increased masp - 1 concentration of 35 % ( p = 0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rs190590338
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 rs190590338 2 located
1 rs190590338 7 was
2 located 3 in
3 in 6 region
4 the 6 region
5 promoter 6 region
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 in
8 associated 13 with
9 in 12 form
10 the 12 form
11 heterozygote 12 form
13 with 16 masp
14 an 16 masp
15 increased 16 masp
16 masp 19 concentration
17 - 19 concentration
18 1 19 concentration
19 concentration 20 of
19 concentration 27 )
20 of 22 %
21 35 22 %
22 % 25 =
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.002

a multivariate linear regression model including sex , age , m - and h - ficolin , mbl , and the 15 snps explained 20 - 48 % of the variation in the concentration of the three proteins and the snps investigated contributed with the most explanatory power ( 12 - 23 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 sex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 a 7 sex
2 multivariate 4 regression
3 linear 4 regression
4 regression 7 sex
5 model 7 sex
6 including 7 sex
8 , 9 age
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 m
10 , 12 -
11 m 12 -
12 - 13 and
13 and 14 h
13 and 15 -
14 h 15 -
15 - 20 and
16 ficolin 17 ,
17 , 18 mbl
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 snps
20 and 24 explained
21 the 23 snps
22 15 23 snps
24 explained 28 %
24 explained 32 in
24 explained 44 with
25 20 26 -
26 - 27 48
26 - 28 %
28 % 29 of
29 of 31 variation
30 the 31 variation
32 in 39 and
33 the 34 concentration
34 concentration 35 of
34 concentration 39 and
35 of 38 proteins
36 the 37 three
37 three 38 proteins
39 and 41 snps
39 and 42 investigated
39 and 43 contributed
40 the 41 snps
44 with 48 power
45 the 48 power
46 most 47 explanatory
47 explanatory 48 power
48 power 53 %
49 ( 53 %
50 12 51 -
51 - 52 23
51 - 53 %
53 % 54 )

discussion : the present study described 10 snps , which were associated with the concentration of one or some of the three proteins originating from the masp1 gene and in a multivariate model it was shown that the snps contributed with the most explanatory power to the protein concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 described
2 : 9 ,
2 : 29 and
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 described
6 described 8 snps
7 10 8 snps
9 , 10 which
9 , 12 associated
10 which 11 were
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 18 or
13 with 25 from
14 the 15 concentration
15 concentration 16 of
15 concentration 18 or
16 of 17 one
18 or 19 some
18 or 20 of
18 or 24 originating
20 of 23 proteins
21 the 22 three
22 three 23 proteins
25 from 28 gene
26 the 28 gene
27 masp1 28 gene
29 and 34 it
29 and 36 shown
30 in 33 model
30 in 34 it
31 a 33 model
32 multivariate 33 model
34 it 35 was
35 was 36 shown
36 shown 37 that
37 that 39 snps
37 that 40 contributed
38 the 39 snps
39 snps 40 contributed
40 contributed 41 with
41 with 43 most
41 with 45 power
42 the 43 most
44 explanatory 45 power
45 power 46 to
46 to 49 concentrations
47 the 49 concentrations
48 protein 49 concentrations

typically , studies of cognitive advantages in bilinguals have been conducted previously by using executive and inhibitory tasks ( e.g [.] simon [task] ) and applying cross - sectional designs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 typically 2 ,
1 typically 3 studies
3 studies 4 of
3 studies 9 have
4 of 6 advantages
5 cognitive 6 advantages
6 advantages 7 in
7 in 8 bilinguals
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 conducted
11 conducted 12 previously
11 conducted 13 by
13 by 14 using
14 using 25 and
15 executive 16 and
16 and 18 tasks
16 and 22 simon
16 and 25 and
17 inhibitory 18 tasks
19 ( 22 simon
20 e.g 22 simon
22 simon 24 )
25 and 27 cross
26 applying 27 cross
28 - 30 designs
28 - 31 .
29 sectional 30 designs

this study longitudinally investigated bilingual advantages on episodic memory recall , verbal letter and categorical fluency during the trajectory of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 4 investigated
3 longitudinally 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 advantages
4 investigated 7 on
4 investigated 17 during
5 bilingual 6 advantages
7 on 14 and
8 episodic 9 memory
9 memory 10 recall
10 recall 11 ,
11 , 13 letter
11 , 14 and
12 verbal 13 letter
14 and 16 fluency
15 categorical 16 fluency
17 during 19 trajectory
18 the 19 trajectory
19 trajectory 20 of
20 of 21 life

monolingual and bilingual participants ( n=178 [ )(between 35 - 70 years at baseline were drawn from the betula prospective cohort study of aging , memory , and health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 monolingual 2 and
2 and 4 participants
2 and 6 n=178
2 and 28 and
3 bilingual 4 participants
5 ( 6 n=178
6 n=178 10 -
6 n=178 12 years
6 n=178 16 drawn
6 n=178 27 ,
8 )(between 10 -
9 35 10 -
10 - 11 70
12 years 13 at
12 years 15 were
13 at 14 baseline
15 were 16 drawn
16 drawn 17 from
17 from 22 study
18 the 22 study
19 betula 20 prospective
20 prospective 21 cohort
21 cohort 22 study
22 study 23 of
22 study 26 memory
23 of 24 aging
25 , 26 memory
26 memory 27 ,
28 and 29 health

results showed that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals at the first testing session and [across] time both in episodic memory recall and in letter fluency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 3 that
3 that 4 bilinguals
3 that 12 and
4 bilinguals 12 and
5 outperformed 6 monolinguals
5 outperformed 7 at
5 outperformed 12 and
7 at 11 session
8 the 11 session
9 first 11 session
10 testing 11 session
12 and 14 time
14 time 15 both
15 both 20 and
16 in 19 recall
16 in 20 and
17 episodic 19 recall
18 memory 19 recall
20 and 21 in
21 in 23 fluency
22 letter 23 fluency

no interaction with age was found indicating that the rate of change across ages was similar for bilinguals and monolinguals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 no 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 with
2 interaction 5 was
3 with 4 age
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 indicating
7 indicating 8 that
8 that 10 rate
8 that 15 was
9 the 10 rate
10 rate 11 of
10 rate 15 was
11 of 12 change
12 change 13 across
13 across 14 ages
15 was 16 similar
16 similar 17 for
17 for 19 and
18 bilinguals 19 and
19 and 20 monolinguals

as predicted [and] in line with studies applying cross - sectional designs , no advantages associated with bilingualism were found in the categorical fluency task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 as 2 predicted
1 as 9 cross
2 predicted 5 line
2 predicted 6 with
2 predicted 8 applying
4 in 5 line
6 with 7 studies
10 - 12 designs
10 - 13 ,
10 - 26 .
11 sectional 12 designs
13 , 15 advantages
13 , 20 found
14 no 15 advantages
15 advantages 16 associated
15 advantages 19 were
16 associated 17 with
17 with 18 bilingualism
19 were 20 found
20 found 21 in
21 in 25 task
22 the 25 task
23 categorical 24 fluency
24 fluency 25 task

the results are discussed in the light of successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 in
5 in 7 light
6 the 7 light
7 light 8 of
8 of 10 aging
9 successful 10 aging

dihydroxyacetone ( dha ) is one of the carbonyl species which reacts rapidly with the free amino groups of proteins to form advanced glycation end products ( ages ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dihydroxyacetone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 dihydroxyacetone 3 dha
1 dihydroxyacetone 5 is
2 ( 3 dha
3 dha 4 )
5 is 6 one
6 one 7 of
6 one 11 which
6 one 12 reacts
7 of 10 species
8 the 10 species
9 carbonyl 10 species
11 which 12 reacts
12 reacts 13 rapidly
12 reacts 14 with
12 reacts 21 to
14 with 18 groups
15 the 18 groups
16 free 18 groups
17 amino 18 groups
18 groups 19 of
19 of 20 proteins
21 to 22 form
22 form 26 products
23 advanced 24 glycation
24 glycation 25 end
25 end 26 products
26 products 28 ages
27 ( 28 ages
28 ages 29 )

the highly reactive dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a derivative of dihydroxyacetone ( dha ) , and a product of glycolysis , having potential glycating effects to form ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 phosphate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 5 phosphate
2 highly 3 reactive
3 reactive 5 phosphate
4 dihydroxyacetone 5 phosphate
5 phosphate 6 is
6 is 15 and
7 a 8 derivative
8 derivative 9 of
8 derivative 15 and
9 of 10 dihydroxyacetone
10 dihydroxyacetone 12 dha
11 ( 12 dha
12 dha 13 )
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 product
15 and 20 ,
15 and 21 having
16 a 17 product
17 product 18 of
18 of 19 glycolysis
21 having 22 potential
21 having 25 to
22 potential 23 glycating
23 glycating 24 effects
25 to 26 form
26 form 27 ages

the formation of ages results in the generation of free radicals which play an important role in the pathophysiology of aging and diabetic complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 formation
2 formation 3 of
2 formation 22 and
3 of 5 results
4 ages 5 results
5 results 6 in
5 results 9 of
5 results 12 which
5 results 13 play
6 in 8 generation
7 the 8 generation
9 of 11 radicals
10 free 11 radicals
12 which 13 play
13 play 16 role
13 play 17 in
14 an 15 important
14 an 16 role
15 important 16 role
17 in 19 pathophysiology
18 the 19 pathophysiology
19 pathophysiology 20 of
20 of 21 aging
22 and 24 complications
23 diabetic 24 complications

while the formation of dha - ages has been demonstrated previously , no extensive studies have been performed to assess the inhibition of age inhibitors at all the three stages of glycation ( early , intermediate and late ) using metformin ( mf ) and pyridoxamine [(] [pm] ) as a novel inhibitor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 while 3 formation
1 while 6 -
1 while 7 ages
2 the 3 formation
3 formation 4 of
4 of 5 dha
7 ages 8 has
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 demonstrated
10 demonstrated 11 previously
12 , 15 studies
12 , 20 assess
13 no 15 studies
14 extensive 15 studies
15 studies 16 have
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 performed
18 performed 19 to
19 to 20 assess
20 assess 22 inhibition
20 assess 26 at
20 assess 50 as
21 the 22 inhibition
22 inhibition 23 of
23 of 25 inhibitors
24 age 25 inhibitors
26 at 27 all
27 all 28 the
27 all 30 stages
28 the 29 three
29 three 30 stages
30 stages 31 of
31 of 32 glycation
32 glycation 45 and
33 ( 45 and
34 early 35 ,
35 , 36 intermediate
35 , 37 and
37 and 41 metformin
37 and 43 mf
37 and 45 and
38 late 39 )
38 late 41 metformin
40 using 41 metformin
42 ( 43 mf
43 mf 44 )
45 and 46 pyridoxamine
45 and 49 )
50 as 53 inhibitor
51 a 53 inhibitor
52 novel 53 inhibitor

methodology/principal findings : in this study we report glycation of human serum albumin ( hsa ) [&] [its] [characterization] by various spectroscopic techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 methodology/principal 2 findings
3 : 7 we
3 : 8 report
3 : 24 .
4 in 6 study
4 in 7 we
5 this 6 study
7 we 8 report
8 report 9 glycation
8 report 20 by
9 glycation 10 of
10 of 13 albumin
11 human 13 albumin
12 serum 13 albumin
13 albumin 15 hsa
14 ( 15 hsa
15 hsa 16 )
20 by 23 techniques
21 various 23 techniques
22 spectroscopic 23 techniques

furthermore , inhibition of glycation products at all the stages of glycation was also studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 inhibition
3 inhibition 4 of
3 inhibition 13 was
4 of 6 products
5 glycation 6 products
6 products 7 at
7 at 8 all
8 all 9 the
8 all 10 stages
9 the 10 stages
10 stages 11 of
11 of 12 glycation
13 was 14 also
13 was 15 studied

spectroscopic analysis suggests structural perturbations in the hsa as a result of modification which might be due to generation of free radicals and formation of ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 spectroscopic 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 suggests
3 suggests 5 perturbations
3 suggests 6 in
3 suggests 18 to
4 structural 5 perturbations
6 in 8 hsa
7 the 8 hsa
8 hsa 9 as
8 hsa 12 of
9 as 11 result
10 a 11 result
12 of 13 modification
13 modification 14 which
13 modification 15 might
14 which 15 might
15 might 16 be
17 due 18 to
18 to 19 generation
19 generation 20 of
19 generation 25 of
20 of 23 and
21 free 22 radicals
22 radicals 23 and
23 and 24 formation
25 of 26 ages

conclusion : the inhibition in the formation of glycation reaction reveals that pyridoxamine is a better antiglycating agent than metformin at all stages of the glycation ( early , intermediate and late stages ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 4 inhibition
2 : 11 reveals
3 the 4 inhibition
4 inhibition 5 in
4 inhibition 11 reveals
5 in 7 formation
6 the 7 formation
7 formation 8 of
8 of 10 reaction
9 glycation 10 reaction
11 reveals 12 that
12 that 13 pyridoxamine
12 that 14 is
13 pyridoxamine 14 is
14 is 18 agent
14 is 19 than
15 a 18 agent
16 better 18 agent
17 antiglycating 18 agent
19 than 20 metformin
19 than 23 stages
19 than 24 of
20 metformin 21 at
20 metformin 23 stages
21 at 22 all
24 of 26 glycation
25 the 26 glycation
26 glycation 31 and
27 ( 31 and
28 early 29 ,
29 , 30 intermediate
29 , 31 and
31 and 33 stages
31 and 34 )
32 late 33 stages

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord , brain stem , and motor cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 amyotrophic 3 sclerosis
2 lateral 3 sclerosis
3 sclerosis 5 als
3 sclerosis 7 is
4 ( 5 als
5 als 6 )
7 is 11 disorder
8 a 9 fatal
8 a 11 disorder
9 fatal 11 disorder
10 neurodegenerative 11 disorder
11 disorder 12 characterized
11 disorder 17 of
12 characterized 13 by
13 by 16 loss
14 the 16 loss
15 selective 16 loss
17 of 19 neurons
18 motor 19 neurons
19 neurons 20 in
20 in 28 and
21 the 23 cord
22 spinal 23 cord
23 cord 24 ,
24 , 26 stem
24 , 28 and
25 brain 26 stem
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 cortex
29 motor 30 cortex

mutations in superoxide dismutase ( sod1 ) are associated with familial als and lead to sod1 protein misfolding and aggregation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 8 are
2 in 4 dismutase
3 superoxide 4 dismutase
4 dismutase 6 sod1
5 ( 6 sod1
6 sod1 7 )
8 are 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 15 to
10 with 13 and
11 familial 12 als
12 als 13 and
13 and 14 lead
15 to 19 and
16 sod1 17 protein
17 protein 18 misfolding
17 protein 19 and
19 and 20 aggregation

here we show that the molecular [chaperone] , hsj1 ( dnajb2 ) , mutations in which cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy , can reduce mutant sod1 aggregation and improve motor neuron survival in mutant sod1 models of als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 6 molecular
5 the 6 molecular
8 , 9 hsj1
8 , 28 and
9 hsj1 11 dnajb2
9 hsj1 14 mutations
9 hsj1 23 can
10 ( 11 dnajb2
11 dnajb2 12 )
13 , 14 mutations
14 mutations 15 in
14 mutations 17 cause
14 mutations 22 ,
15 in 16 which
16 which 17 cause
17 cause 21 neuropathy
18 distal 20 motor
19 hereditary 20 motor
20 motor 21 neuropathy
23 can 28 and
24 reduce 27 aggregation
24 reduce 28 and
25 mutant 27 aggregation
26 sod1 27 aggregation
28 and 29 improve
29 improve 32 survival
29 improve 33 in
30 motor 31 neuron
31 neuron 32 survival
33 in 36 models
34 mutant 36 models
35 sod1 36 models
36 models 37 of
37 of 38 als

overexpression of human hsj1a ( hhsj1a ) in vivo in motor neurons of sod1 ( g93a ) transgenic mice ameliorated disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ameliorated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 overexpression 19 mice
2 of 4 hsj1a
2 of 19 mice
3 human 4 hsj1a
4 hsj1a 6 hhsj1a
5 ( 6 hhsj1a
6 hhsj1a 7 )
8 in 9 vivo
9 vivo 19 mice
10 in 12 neurons
10 in 19 mice
11 motor 12 neurons
12 neurons 13 of
13 of 14 sod1
14 sod1 16 g93a
15 ( 16 g93a
16 g93a 17 )
18 transgenic 19 mice
19 mice 20 ameliorated
20 ameliorated 21 disease

in particular , there was a significant improvement in muscle force , increased motor unit number and enhanced motor neuron survival . hhsj1a was present in a complex with sod1 ( g93a ) and led to reduced sod1 aggregation at late stages of disease progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 improvement
5 was 9 in
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 improvement
7 significant 8 improvement
9 in 17 and
10 muscle 11 force
11 force 12 ,
12 , 16 number
12 , 17 and
13 increased 14 motor
14 motor 15 unit
15 unit 16 number
17 and 21 survival
18 enhanced 19 motor
19 motor 20 neuron
20 neuron 21 survival
22 . 23 hhsj1a
22 . 34 and
22 . 46 .
23 hhsj1a 34 and
24 was 25 present
24 was 34 and
25 present 26 in
25 present 29 with
26 in 28 complex
27 a 28 complex
29 with 30 sod1
30 sod1 32 g93a
31 ( 32 g93a
32 g93a 33 )
34 and 35 led
34 and 36 to
34 and 40 at
36 to 39 aggregation
37 reduced 39 aggregation
38 sod1 39 aggregation
40 at 42 stages
41 late 42 stages
42 stages 43 of
43 of 45 progression
44 disease 45 progression

we also observed altered ubiquitin immunoreactivity in the double transgenic animals , suggesting that ubiquitin modification might be important for the observed improvements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 observed
1 we 3 observed
2 also 3 observed
3 observed 6 immunoreactivity
3 observed 7 in
4 altered 5 ubiquitin
5 ubiquitin 6 immunoreactivity
7 in 11 animals
8 the 11 animals
9 double 11 animals
10 transgenic 11 animals
11 animals 13 suggesting
12 , 13 suggesting
13 suggesting 14 that
13 suggesting 24 .
14 that 16 modification
14 that 18 be
15 ubiquitin 16 modification
16 modification 17 might
17 might 18 be
18 be 19 important
19 important 20 for
20 for 23 improvements
21 the 23 improvements
22 observed 23 improvements

in a cell model of sod1 ( g93a ) aggregation , hsj1a preferentially bound to mutant sod1 , enhanced sod1 ubiquitylation and reduced sod1 aggregation in a j - [domain] and ubiquitin interaction motif ( uim ) dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 aggregation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 4 model
1 in 10 aggregation
2 a 4 model
3 cell 4 model
4 model 5 of
5 of 6 sod1
6 sod1 8 g93a
7 ( 8 g93a
8 g93a 9 )
10 aggregation 12 hsj1a
10 aggregation 22 and
11 , 12 hsj1a
12 hsj1a 14 bound
12 hsj1a 18 ,
13 preferentially 14 bound
14 bound 15 to
15 to 17 sod1
16 mutant 17 sod1
19 enhanced 21 ubiquitylation
19 enhanced 22 and
20 sod1 21 ubiquitylation
22 and 23 reduced
22 and 26 in
23 reduced 25 aggregation
24 sod1 25 aggregation
26 in 39 manner
27 a 39 manner
28 j 31 and
29 - 31 and
31 and 34 motif
31 and 36 uim
31 and 39 manner
32 ubiquitin 34 motif
33 interaction 34 motif
35 ( 36 uim
36 uim 37 )
38 dependent 39 manner

collectively , the data suggest that hsj1a acts on mutant sod1 through a combination [of] chaperone , co - [chaperone] and pro - ubiquitylation activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 data
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 7 hsj1a
6 that 7 hsj1a
7 hsj1a 8 acts
7 hsj1a 16 chaperone
7 hsj1a 21 and
8 acts 9 on
8 acts 16 chaperone
9 on 11 sod1
10 mutant 11 sod1
11 sod1 12 through
12 through 14 combination
13 a 14 combination
17 , 21 and
18 co 21 and
19 - 21 and
21 and 22 pro
21 and 23 -
23 - 25 activity
24 ubiquitylation 25 activity

these results [show] that targeting sod1 protein misfolding and aggregation in vivo can be neuroprotective and suggest that manipulation of dnaj [molecular] chaperones might be useful in the treatment of als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 4 that
2 results 16 and
2 results 24 might
4 that 9 and
4 that 16 and
5 targeting 7 protein
6 sod1 7 protein
7 protein 8 misfolding
7 protein 9 and
9 and 10 aggregation
9 and 16 and
11 in 12 vivo
12 vivo 13 can
13 can 14 be
13 can 16 and
14 be 15 neuroprotective
16 and 17 suggest
16 and 23 chaperones
17 suggest 19 manipulation
17 suggest 23 chaperones
18 that 19 manipulation
19 manipulation 20 of
19 manipulation 23 chaperones
20 of 21 dnaj
24 might 25 be
25 be 26 useful
26 useful 27 in
27 in 29 treatment
28 the 29 treatment
29 treatment 30 of
30 of 31 als

language - and culture - specific norms are needed for research on emotion - laden stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 language 3 and
2 - 3 and
3 and 4 culture
5 - 7 norms
5 - 9 needed
5 - 14 -
6 specific 7 norms
7 norms 8 are
8 are 9 needed
9 needed 10 for
9 needed 12 on
10 for 11 research
12 on 13 emotion
14 - 16 stimuli
14 - 17 .
15 laden 16 stimuli

we present valence [and] arousal ratings for 420 finnish nouns for a sample of 996 finnish speakers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 6 ratings
3 valence 6 ratings
5 arousal 6 ratings
6 ratings 7 for
7 for 10 nouns
8 420 10 nouns
9 finnish 10 nouns
10 nouns 11 for
11 for 13 sample
12 a 13 sample
13 sample 14 of
14 of 17 speakers
15 996 17 speakers
16 finnish 17 speakers

ratings are provided both for the whole sample and for subgroups divided by age and gender in light of previous research suggesting age - and gender - specific reactivity to the emotional content in stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ratings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 ratings 2 are
2 are 3 provided
2 are 17 in
3 provided 4 both
3 provided 12 divided
4 both 9 and
4 both 12 divided
5 for 8 sample
5 for 9 and
6 the 8 sample
7 whole 8 sample
9 and 10 for
10 for 11 subgroups
12 divided 13 by
12 divided 15 and
14 age 15 and
15 and 16 gender
17 in 25 and
18 light 19 of
18 light 25 and
19 of 21 research
20 previous 21 research
21 research 22 suggesting
22 suggesting 23 age
24 - 25 and
25 and 26 gender
25 and 29 reactivity
27 - 29 reactivity
28 specific 29 reactivity
29 reactivity 30 to
29 reactivity 34 in
29 reactivity 36 .
30 to 33 content
31 the 33 content
32 emotional 33 content
34 in 35 stimuli

moreover , corpus [-] based frequency values and word length are provided as objective psycholinguistic measures of the nouns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 8 and
3 corpus 5 based
5 based 6 frequency
6 frequency 7 values
7 values 8 and
8 and 10 length
8 and 11 are
9 word 10 length
11 are 12 provided
12 provided 13 as
13 as 16 measures
14 objective 16 measures
15 psycholinguistic 16 measures
16 measures 17 of
17 of 19 nouns
18 the 19 nouns

the relationship [between] valence and arousal mainly showed the curvilinear relationship reported in previous studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 valence
2 relationship 4 valence
4 valence 5 and
5 and 6 arousal
5 and 8 showed
7 mainly 8 showed
8 showed 11 relationship
9 the 11 relationship
10 curvilinear 11 relationship
11 relationship 12 reported
12 reported 13 in
13 in 15 studies
14 previous 15 studies

age and gender effects [on] valence and arousal ratings were statistically significant but weak . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 age 2 and
2 and 6 valence
2 and 7 and
3 gender 6 valence
4 effects 6 valence
7 and 9 ratings
7 and 10 were
8 arousal 9 ratings
10 were 11 statistically
10 were 13 but
12 significant 13 but
13 but 14 weak

the inherent affective properties of the words in terms of mean [valence] and arousal ratings explained more of the variance in the ratings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 properties
2 inherent 4 properties
3 affective 4 properties
4 properties 5 of
4 properties 16 explained
5 of 7 words
6 the 7 words
7 words 8 in
8 in 9 terms
9 terms 10 of
10 of 15 ratings
11 mean 13 and
13 and 14 arousal
13 and 15 ratings
16 explained 23 ratings
17 more 18 of
17 more 23 ratings
18 of 20 variance
19 the 20 variance
20 variance 21 in
21 in 23 ratings
22 the 23 ratings

in all , the findings suggest that language - and culture - related factors influence the way affective properties of words are rated to a greater degree than demographic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 all
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 findings
4 the 5 findings
5 findings 10 and
6 suggest 8 language
6 suggest 10 and
7 that 8 language
9 - 10 and
10 and 11 culture
12 - 13 related
13 related 15 influence
13 related 17 way
14 factors 15 influence
16 the 17 way
17 way 19 properties
17 way 23 rated
18 affective 19 properties
19 properties 20 of
19 properties 22 are
20 of 21 words
22 are 23 rated
23 rated 24 to
23 rated 28 than
24 to 27 degree
25 a 27 degree
26 greater 27 degree
28 than 30 factors
29 demographic 30 factors

this database will provide researchers with normative data for finnish emotion - laden and emotionally neutral words . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 database
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 this 2 database
2 database 3 will
3 will 4 provide
4 provide 5 researchers
4 provide 6 with
6 with 8 data
7 normative 8 data
8 data 9 for
9 for 11 emotion
10 finnish 11 emotion
12 - 17 words
12 - 18 .
13 laden 14 and
14 and 16 neutral
14 and 17 words
15 emotionally 16 neutral

the normative database is available in database s1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 database
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 database
2 normative 3 database
3 database 4 is
4 is 5 available
5 available 6 in
6 in 8 s1
7 database 8 s1

objective : there are numerous reports about the leptin concentration ( lc ) in postmenopausal women [(] [pw] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 are
2 : 20 )(
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 reports
5 numerous 6 reports
6 reports 7 about
6 reports 14 in
7 about 10 concentration
8 the 10 concentration
9 leptin 10 concentration
10 concentration 12 lc
11 ( 12 lc
12 lc 13 )
14 in 16 women
15 postmenopausal 16 women

changes in lc can elicit different clinical outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 elicit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 4 can
2 in 3 lc
4 can 5 elicit
5 elicit 8 outcomes
6 different 8 outcomes
7 clinical 8 outcomes

we systematically analyzed the lc [in] [pw] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 we 3 analyzed
2 systematically 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 5 lc
4 the 5 lc

methods : a search was conducted in original english - language studies published from 1994 to october 2012 in the following databases : medline ( 78 ) , cochrane center ( 123 [ )(embase ( 505 ) , biological abstracts ( 108 ) , cochrane ( 53 ) and science finder scholar ( 0 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
2 : 4 search
2 : 6 conducted
2 : 10 -
2 : 23 :
3 a 4 search
4 search 5 was
5 was 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 in
7 in 9 english
8 original 9 english
10 - 12 studies
11 language 12 studies
12 studies 13 published
13 published 14 from
14 from 15 1994
15 1994 16 to
15 1994 19 in
16 to 17 october
17 october 18 2012
19 in 22 databases
20 the 22 databases
21 following 22 databases
23 : 24 medline
23 : 44 ,
24 medline 26 78
24 medline 30 center
24 medline 40 abstracts
25 ( 26 78
26 78 27 )
28 , 30 center
29 cochrane 30 center
30 center 34 )(embase
30 center 38 ,
31 ( 34 )(embase
32 123 34 )(embase
34 )(embase 36 505
34 )(embase 38 ,
35 ( 36 505
36 505 37 )
38 , 40 abstracts
39 biological 40 abstracts
40 abstracts 42 108
40 abstracts 43 )
41 ( 42 108
42 108 43 )
44 , 49 and
45 cochrane 47 53
45 cochrane 49 and
46 ( 47 53
47 53 48 )
49 and 52 scholar
49 and 54 0
50 science 51 finder
51 finder 52 scholar
53 ( 54 0
54 0 55 )

a meta - analysis was undertaken on the correction coefficient ( [r] [ )(between the serum lc and body mass index ( bmi ) for healthy [pw] across studies containing a dataset and sample size . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 a 2 meta
1 a 4 analysis
2 meta 3 -
2 meta 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 undertaken
6 undertaken 7 on
6 undertaken 25 for
7 on 10 coefficient
8 the 10 coefficient
9 correction 10 coefficient
10 coefficient 14 )(between
11 ( 14 )(between
14 )(between 18 and
14 )(between 24 )
15 the 17 lc
16 serum 17 lc
17 lc 18 and
18 and 21 index
18 and 23 bmi
19 body 21 index
20 mass 21 index
22 ( 23 bmi
23 bmi 24 )
25 for 33 and
26 healthy 28 across
26 healthy 33 and
28 across 29 studies
29 studies 30 containing
30 containing 32 dataset
31 a 32 dataset
33 and 35 size
34 sample 35 size

pre - analytical and analytical variations were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 pre 2 -
1 pre 6 variations
3 analytical 4 and
4 and 5 analytical
4 and 6 variations
6 variations 7 were
7 were 8 examined

pre - analytical variables included fasting status ( fs ) and sampling timing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 pre 4 variables
1 pre 11 and
2 - 4 variables
3 analytical 4 variables
4 variables 5 included
4 variables 6 fasting
4 variables 10 )
6 fasting 7 status
7 status 9 fs
8 ( 9 fs
9 fs 10 )
11 and 13 timing
12 sampling 13 timing

analytical variation comprised assay methodology , lc in those undertaking hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) and those not having hrt as well as lc change according to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 analytical 5 methodology
2 variation 5 methodology
3 comprised 4 assay
4 assay 5 methodology
5 methodology 6 ,
6 , 7 lc
6 , 17 and
7 lc 8 in
8 in 9 those
9 those 10 undertaking
9 those 15 hrt
10 undertaking 13 therapy
11 hormone 12 replacement
12 replacement 13 therapy
14 ( 15 hrt
15 hrt 16 )
17 and 18 those
19 not 21 hrt
19 not 26 change
20 having 21 hrt
21 hrt 24 as
21 hrt 26 change
22 as 23 well
23 well 24 as
24 as 25 lc
26 change 28 to
27 according 28 to
28 to 29 age

results : twenty - seven studies met the inclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 studies
2 : 7 met
2 : 11 .
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 seven
4 - 6 studies
6 studies 7 met
7 met 10 criteria
8 the 10 criteria
9 inclusion 10 criteria

eighteen studies detected lc in the morning in a fs , 15 studies denoted [the] [r] between leptin and the bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 eighteen 2 studies
2 studies 3 detected
3 detected 4 lc
3 detected 5 in
3 detected 8 in
5 in 7 morning
6 the 7 morning
8 in 10 fs
9 a 10 fs
11 , 19 and
12 15 13 studies
13 studies 14 denoted
13 studies 19 and
14 denoted 17 between
17 between 18 leptin
19 and 21 bmi
20 the 21 bmi

[a] [combined] [r] [was] [counted] for the 15 studies [(] [r] [=] 0.51 [[] 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) , 0.46 - 0.54 ] , [p] = 0.025 [ )( [and] if sampling [collection] [was] in the fsat morning , [a] combined [r] was form 10 studies ( r = 0.54 [ 95 % ci , 0.45 - 0.54 []] , p = 0.299 [ )( heterogeneity was diminished . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 for
6 for 18 interval
7 the 18 interval
8 15 17 confidence
9 studies 17 confidence
13 0.51 17 confidence
15 95 16 %
16 % 17 confidence
17 confidence 18 interval
18 interval 20 ci
18 interval 23 0.46
18 interval 29 =
19 ( 20 ci
20 ci 21 )
22 , 23 0.46
23 0.46 25 0.54
23 0.46 27 ,
24 - 25 0.54
25 0.54 26 ]
29 = 30 0.025
29 = 34 if
34 if 35 sampling
34 if 46 was
35 sampling 38 in
35 sampling 41 morning
35 sampling 44 combined
35 sampling 46 was
38 in 40 fsat
39 the 40 fsat
42 , 44 combined
46 was 49 studies
47 form 49 studies
48 10 49 studies
49 studies 52 =
50 ( 52 =
51 r 52 =
52 = 53 0.54
53 0.54 57 ci
53 0.54 60 -
54 [ 57 ci
55 95 57 ci
56 % 57 ci
57 ci 58 ,
58 , 60 -
59 0.45 60 -
60 - 61 0.54
60 - 65 =
60 - 72 .
63 , 65 =
64 p 65 =
65 = 66 0.299
66 0.299 69 heterogeneity
66 0.299 70 was
66 0.299 71 diminished
69 heterogeneity 70 was

lc did not change between hrt users and [non] [-] users in 7 studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 lc 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 change
4 change 5 between
4 change 12 in
5 between 8 and
6 hrt 7 users
7 users 8 and
8 and 11 users
12 in 14 studies
13 7 14 studies

five studies analyzed changes in lc according to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 five 2 studies
2 studies 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 changes
3 analyzed 5 in
3 analyzed 8 to
5 in 6 lc
7 according 8 to
8 to 9 age

conclusion : based on all studies that investigated both lc and bmi , lc was positively correlated with the bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 based
3 based 4 on
4 on 6 studies
5 all 6 studies
6 studies 7 that
6 studies 8 investigated
7 that 8 investigated
8 investigated 10 lc
9 both 10 lc
11 and 14 lc
11 and 17 correlated
12 bmi 14 lc
13 , 14 lc
14 lc 15 was
15 was 16 positively
15 was 17 correlated
17 correlated 18 with
18 with 20 bmi
19 the 20 bmi

no studies established reference ranges according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute ( clsi ) [in] healthy [pw] , and there was a wide variation in lc values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 no 2 studies
2 studies 3 established
3 established 4 reference
3 established 5 ranges
4 reference 5 ranges
5 ranges 7 to
6 according 7 to
7 to 10 and
8 the 9 clinical
9 clinical 10 and
10 and 15 clsi
10 and 16 )
10 and 18 healthy
11 laboratory 12 standards
12 standards 13 institute
13 institute 15 clsi
14 ( 15 clsi
15 clsi 16 )
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 there
21 and 23 was
22 there 23 was
23 was 26 variation
23 was 27 in
24 a 25 wide
24 a 26 variation
25 wide 26 variation
27 in 29 values
28 lc 29 values

these differences suggest that caution should be used in the interpretation and comparison between studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 differences
2 differences 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 caution
4 that 8 used
5 caution 6 should
6 should 7 be
7 be 8 used
8 used 9 in
8 used 14 between
9 in 12 and
10 the 11 interpretation
11 interpretation 12 and
12 and 13 comparison
14 between 15 studies

exposure of human skin to solar ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation induces matrix metalloproteinase - 1 ( mmp - 1 ) activity , which degrades type i collagen fibrils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 exposure 2 of
1 exposure 12 induces
2 of 4 skin
3 human 4 skin
4 skin 5 to
5 to 11 irradiation
6 solar 11 irradiation
7 ultraviolet 9 uv
7 ultraviolet 11 irradiation
8 ( 9 uv
9 uv 10 )
12 induces 14 metalloproteinase
13 matrix 14 metalloproteinase
14 metalloproteinase 16 1
15 - 16 1
16 1 22 activity
16 1 23 ,
17 ( 22 activity
18 mmp 20 1
18 mmp 22 activity
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 )
22 activity 23 ,
23 , 24 which
23 , 25 degrades
24 which 25 degrades
25 degrades 26 type
26 type 27 i
26 type 28 collagen
26 type 29 fibrils
28 collagen 29 fibrils

type i collagen is the most abundant protein in skin and constitutes the majority of skin connective tissue ( dermis ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 type 2 i
1 type 3 collagen
1 type 11 and
2 i 3 collagen
4 is 8 protein
4 is 11 and
5 the 8 protein
6 most 7 abundant
7 abundant 8 protein
8 protein 9 in
9 in 10 skin
11 and 12 constitutes
11 and 18 tissue
13 the 14 majority
14 majority 15 of
14 majority 18 tissue
15 of 18 tissue
16 skin 18 tissue
17 connective 18 tissue
18 tissue 20 dermis
19 ( 20 dermis
20 dermis 21 )

degradation of collagen fibrils impairs the structure and function of skin that characterize skin aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 degradation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impairs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 degradation 2 of
1 degradation 5 impairs
2 of 4 fibrils
3 collagen 4 fibrils
5 impairs 8 and
6 the 7 structure
7 structure 8 and
8 and 9 function
8 and 10 of
8 and 12 that
8 and 13 characterize
10 of 11 skin
12 that 13 characterize
13 characterize 14 skin
14 skin 15 aging

decorin is the predominant proteoglycan in human dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decorin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 decorin 2 is
2 is 5 proteoglycan
3 the 5 proteoglycan
4 predominant 5 proteoglycan
5 proteoglycan 6 in
6 in 8 dermis
7 human 8 dermis

in model systems , decorin binds [to] and protects type i collagen fibrils from proteolytic degradation by enzymes such as mmp - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 decorin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 fibrils
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 systems
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 decorin
2 model 3 systems
5 decorin 8 and
5 decorin 13 fibrils
6 binds 8 and
8 and 9 protects
8 and 12 collagen
9 protects 10 type
10 type 11 i
13 fibrils 14 from
13 fibrils 17 by
13 fibrils 23 1
14 from 16 degradation
15 proteolytic 16 degradation
17 by 18 enzymes
18 enzymes 20 as
19 such 20 as
20 as 21 mmp
22 - 23 1

little is known regarding alterations of decorin in response to uv irradiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 little 2 is
2 is 5 alterations
2 is 10 to
3 known 5 alterations
4 regarding 5 alterations
5 alterations 6 of
6 of 7 decorin
8 in 9 response
9 response 10 to
10 to 12 irradiation
11 uv 12 irradiation

we found that solar - simulated uv irradiation of human skin in vivo stimulated substantial decorin degradation , with kinetics similar to infiltration of polymorphonuclear ( pmn ) cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 8 irradiation
3 that 14 stimulated
4 solar 5 -
4 solar 8 irradiation
6 simulated 8 irradiation
7 uv 8 irradiation
8 irradiation 9 of
8 irradiation 14 stimulated
9 of 11 skin
10 human 11 skin
12 in 13 vivo
13 vivo 14 stimulated
14 stimulated 17 degradation
15 substantial 17 degradation
16 decorin 17 degradation
17 degradation 19 with
18 , 19 with
19 with 20 kinetics
19 with 30 .
20 kinetics 21 similar
21 similar 22 to
22 to 23 infiltration
23 infiltration 24 of
24 of 29 cells
25 polymorphonuclear 27 pmn
25 polymorphonuclear 29 cells
26 ( 27 pmn
27 pmn 28 )

proteases that were released from isolated pmn cells degraded decorin in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 proteases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 degraded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 proteases 2 that
1 proteases 3 were
1 proteases 9 degraded
2 that 3 were
3 were 4 released
4 released 5 from
5 from 8 cells
6 isolated 8 cells
7 pmn 8 cells
9 degraded 10 decorin
9 degraded 12 vitro
11 in 12 vitro

a highly selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase blocked decorin breakdown by proteases released from pmn cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibitor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 blocked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 highly
1 a 4 inhibitor
2 highly 3 selective
3 selective 4 inhibitor
4 inhibitor 5 of
4 inhibitor 8 blocked
5 of 7 elastase
6 neutrophil 7 elastase
8 blocked 10 breakdown
8 blocked 11 by
9 decorin 10 breakdown
11 by 12 proteases
12 proteases 13 released
13 released 14 from
14 from 16 cells
15 pmn 16 cells

furthermore , purified neutrophil elastase cleaved decorin in vitro and generated fragments with similar molecular weights as those resulting from protease activity released from pmn cells , [and] as observed in uv - irradiated human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 elastase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 fragments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 elastase
3 purified 5 elastase
4 neutrophil 5 elastase
5 elastase 10 and
5 elastase 12 fragments
6 cleaved 7 decorin
6 cleaved 9 vitro
6 cleaved 10 and
8 in 9 vitro
10 and 11 generated
12 fragments 13 with
12 fragments 17 as
13 with 16 weights
14 similar 16 weights
15 molecular 16 weights
17 as 18 those
17 as 30 observed
18 those 19 resulting
18 those 23 released
19 resulting 20 from
20 from 22 activity
21 protease 22 activity
23 released 24 from
23 released 26 cells
23 released 29 as
24 from 25 pmn
27 , 29 as
29 as 30 observed
30 observed 31 in
30 observed 33 -
31 in 32 uv
33 - 36 skin
33 - 37 .
34 irradiated 36 skin
35 human 36 skin

cleavage of decorin by neutrophil elastase significantly augmented fragmentation of type i collagen fibrils by mmp - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cleavage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 augmented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cleavage 2 of
1 cleavage 8 augmented
2 of 3 decorin
3 decorin 4 by
4 by 6 elastase
5 neutrophil 6 elastase
7 significantly 8 augmented
8 augmented 9 fragmentation
9 fragmentation 10 of
10 of 11 type
11 type 12 i
11 type 13 collagen
11 type 14 fibrils
13 collagen 14 fibrils
14 fibrils 15 by
15 by 16 mmp
17 - 18 1

taken together , these data indicate that pmn cell proteases , especially neutrophil elastase , degrade decorin , and this degradation renders collagen fibrils more susceptible to mmp - 1 cleavage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 data
4 these 5 data
5 data 6 indicate
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 10 proteases
7 that 16 degrade
8 pmn 9 cell
9 cell 10 proteases
10 proteases 14 elastase
10 proteases 16 degrade
11 , 14 elastase
12 especially 13 neutrophil
13 neutrophil 14 elastase
14 elastase 15 ,
16 degrade 17 decorin
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 degradation
19 and 22 renders
20 this 21 degradation
21 degradation 22 renders
22 renders 24 fibrils
22 renders 25 more
22 renders 26 susceptible
22 renders 27 to
23 collagen 24 fibrils
27 to 28 mmp
28 mmp 31 cleavage
29 - 31 cleavage
30 1 31 cleavage
31 cleavage 32 .

these data identify decorin degradation and neutrophil elastase as potential therapeutic targets for mitigating sun exposure - induced collagen fibril degradation in human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identify
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 identify
3 identify 6 and
3 identify 9 as
4 decorin 5 degradation
5 degradation 6 and
6 and 8 elastase
7 neutrophil 8 elastase
9 as 12 targets
10 potential 12 targets
11 therapeutic 12 targets
12 targets 13 for
13 for 16 exposure
14 mitigating 15 sun
15 sun 16 exposure
16 exposure 21 degradation
17 - 21 degradation
18 induced 21 degradation
19 collagen 21 degradation
20 fibril 21 degradation
21 degradation 22 in
21 degradation 25 .
22 in 24 skin
23 human 24 skin

purpose : this article reports on a systematic review and meta - analysis of the effects of spaced retrieval training ( srt ) on semantic memory in people with alzheimer ’s disease ( ad ) or related disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 10 and
2 : 24 on
2 : 27 in
3 this 10 and
4 article 5 reports
5 reports 6 on
5 reports 10 and
6 on 9 review
7 a 9 review
8 systematic 9 review
10 and 13 analysis
10 and 14 of
10 and 17 of
11 meta 12 -
11 meta 13 analysis
14 of 16 effects
15 the 16 effects
17 of 20 training
18 spaced 19 retrieval
19 retrieval 20 training
20 training 22 srt
21 ( 22 srt
22 srt 23 )
24 on 26 memory
25 semantic 26 memory
27 in 36 or
28 people 29 with
28 people 36 or
29 with 32 disease
30 alzheimer 31 ’s
31 ’s 32 disease
32 disease 34 ad
33 ( 34 ad
34 ad 35 )
36 or 38 disorder
37 related 38 disorder

method : an initial systematic database search identified 454 potential studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 search
2 : 8 identified
2 : 12 .
3 an 4 initial
3 an 7 search
4 initial 6 database
5 systematic 6 database
6 database 7 search
7 search 8 identified
8 identified 11 studies
9 454 11 studies
10 potential 11 studies

after screening and [de] [-] duplication , 35 studies that used srt with the population of interest remained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 after 3 and
1 after 7 ,
1 after 9 studies
2 screening 3 and
3 and 6 duplication
8 35 9 studies
9 studies 10 that
9 studies 11 used
9 studies 18 remained
10 that 11 used
11 used 12 srt
11 used 13 with
13 with 15 population
14 the 15 population
15 population 16 of
16 of 17 interest

the authors used an appraisal point system to evaluate the quality of the studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 used
3 used 7 system
3 used 8 to
3 used 9 evaluate
4 an 7 system
5 appraisal 7 system
6 point 7 system
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 quality
10 the 11 quality
11 quality 12 of
12 of 14 studies
13 the 14 studies

twelve of the 35 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and passed the appraisal point system cutoff . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twelve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 twelve 2 of
1 twelve 15 point
2 of 5 studies
3 the 4 35
4 35 5 studies
5 studies 11 and
6 met 8 and
6 met 11 and
7 inclusion 8 and
8 and 10 criteria
9 exclusion 10 criteria
11 and 12 passed
11 and 14 appraisal
13 the 14 appraisal
15 point 17 cutoff
16 system 17 cutoff

the 12 studies were classified as level i and [ii] evidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 12
2 12 3 studies
3 studies 4 were
4 were 5 classified
5 classified 6 as
6 as 9 and
7 level 8 i
7 level 9 and
9 and 11 evidence

results : although the 12 studies varied in terms of design , methodology , and quality , srt was shown to have important positive effects on learning semantic information across the included studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 6 studies
2 : 7 varied
2 : 12 ,
2 : 17 ,
3 although 5 12
3 although 6 studies
4 the 5 12
6 studies 7 varied
7 varied 8 in
8 in 9 terms
9 terms 10 of
10 of 11 design
12 , 15 and
13 methodology 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 quality
17 , 18 srt
17 , 20 shown
18 srt 19 was
19 was 20 shown
20 shown 21 to
21 to 22 have
22 have 25 effects
23 important 25 effects
24 positive 25 effects
25 effects 26 on
26 on 27 learning
27 learning 29 information
27 learning 30 across
28 semantic 29 information
30 across 33 studies
31 the 33 studies
32 included 33 studies

conclusions : the findings indicate that srt is an effective semantic memory training technique for people with ad , and consequently , recommendations are suggested for implementing srt in practice settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 indicate
2 : 20 and
2 : 32 .
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 7 srt
6 that 8 is
7 srt 8 is
8 is 12 memory
8 is 15 for
8 is 17 with
9 an 10 effective
9 an 12 memory
10 effective 12 memory
11 semantic 12 memory
12 memory 13 training
13 training 14 technique
15 for 16 people
17 with 18 ad
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 consequently
20 and 23 recommendations
20 and 25 suggested
21 consequently 22 ,
23 recommendations 24 are
24 are 25 suggested
25 suggested 26 for
25 suggested 29 in
26 for 27 implementing
27 implementing 28 srt
29 in 31 settings
30 practice 31 settings

continued research in this domain is also warranted to address limitations and gaps in the current body of research evidence , including variability in srt protocols , effects of dementia severity on learning outcomes , maintenance effects , generalization , and the role of explicit and implicit learning in srt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 continued 2 research
2 research 3 in
2 research 12 and
3 in 5 domain
4 this 5 domain
6 is 8 warranted
6 is 12 and
7 also 8 warranted
8 warranted 9 to
9 to 11 limitations
10 address 11 limitations
12 and 13 gaps
12 and 14 in
12 and 22 including
14 in 17 body
15 the 17 body
16 current 17 body
17 body 18 of
18 of 20 evidence
19 research 20 evidence
21 , 22 including
22 including 23 variability
22 including 24 in
22 including 27 ,
24 in 26 protocols
25 srt 26 protocols
27 , 41 and
28 effects 29 of
28 effects 35 ,
29 of 31 severity
30 dementia 31 severity
31 severity 32 on
32 on 33 learning
33 learning 34 outcomes
35 , 37 effects
35 , 38 ,
36 maintenance 37 effects
38 , 39 generalization
38 , 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 43 role
42 the 43 role
43 role 44 of
44 of 48 learning
45 explicit 46 and
46 and 47 implicit
46 and 48 learning
48 learning 49 in
49 in 50 srt

purpose : effects of clicks and tonebursts on early and late auditory middle latency response ( amlr ) components were evaluated in young and older cigarette smokers and nonsmokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
4 of 5 clicks
6 and 7 tonebursts
6 and 21 evaluated
7 tonebursts 8 on
7 tonebursts 20 were
8 on 19 components
9 early 10 and
10 and 15 response
10 and 17 amlr
10 and 19 components
11 late 14 latency
12 auditory 14 latency
13 middle 14 latency
14 latency 15 response
16 ( 17 amlr
17 amlr 18 )
20 were 21 evaluated
21 evaluated 22 in
22 in 28 and
23 young 24 and
24 and 25 older
24 and 26 cigarette
26 cigarette 27 smokers
27 smokers 28 and
28 and 29 nonsmokers

method : participants ( n = 49 ) were categorized by smoking and age into 4 groups [:] ( [a] [ )(older smokers , ( [b] [ )(older nonsmokers , [(] [c] [ )(young smokers , and [(] [d] [ )(young nonsmokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 3 participants
2 : 13 and
2 : 30 ,
3 participants 6 =
3 participants 13 and
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 49
6 = 8 )
9 were 10 categorized
9 were 13 and
10 categorized 11 by
11 by 12 smoking
13 and 14 age
13 and 15 into
15 into 17 groups
16 4 17 groups
17 groups 23 smokers
17 groups 29 nonsmokers
19 ( 23 smokers
22 )(older 23 smokers
23 smokers 24 ,
25 ( 29 nonsmokers
28 )(older 29 nonsmokers
29 nonsmokers 30 ,
30 , 37 and
34 )(young 35 smokers
35 smokers 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 42 nonsmokers
41 )(young 42 nonsmokers

monaural , 2 - channel amlrs were acquired from fz and cz electrodes with 3 stimuli ( clicks , 500 hz , [and] 3000 hz ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 amlrs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 acquired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 monaural 3 2
1 monaural 5 channel
2 , 3 2
3 2 4 -
5 channel 6 amlrs
6 amlrs 7 were
7 were 8 acquired
8 acquired 9 from
8 acquired 14 with
9 from 11 and
10 fz 11 and
11 and 13 electrodes
12 cz 13 electrodes
14 with 16 stimuli
15 3 16 stimuli
16 stimuli 18 clicks
16 stimuli 25 hz
17 ( 18 clicks
18 clicks 21 hz
18 clicks 22 ,
19 , 21 hz
20 500 21 hz
21 hz 22 ,
22 , 25 hz
24 3000 25 hz
25 hz 26 )

results : group differences included significantly higher v - na amplitude in young adults and shorter pb latency in older nonsmokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 differences
2 : 5 included
2 : 9 -
3 group 4 differences
4 differences 5 included
5 included 7 higher
5 included 8 v
6 significantly 7 higher
9 - 15 and
9 - 22 .
10 na 11 amplitude
11 amplitude 12 in
11 amplitude 15 and
12 in 14 adults
13 young 14 adults
15 and 18 latency
15 and 19 in
16 shorter 18 latency
17 pb 18 latency
19 in 21 nonsmokers
20 older 21 nonsmokers

young smokers had a significantly higher [nb] - pb amplitude and shorter nb latency than other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 smokers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 young 2 smokers
2 smokers 3 had
3 had 14 latency
3 had 15 than
4 a 14 latency
5 significantly 6 higher
6 higher 8 -
6 higher 14 latency
9 pb 10 amplitude
10 amplitude 11 and
11 and 12 shorter
11 and 14 latency
13 nb 14 latency
15 than 17 groups
16 other 17 groups

toneburst stimuli yielded significantly longer v , na , and pa latencies compared to clicks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stimuli
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 yielded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 toneburst 2 stimuli
2 stimuli 3 yielded
3 yielded 5 longer
3 yielded 6 v
4 significantly 5 longer
7 , 10 and
8 na 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 latencies
10 and 13 compared
11 pa 12 latencies
13 compared 14 to
14 to 15 clicks

pb latency was shorter at fz than at cz . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 latency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 pb 2 latency
2 latency 3 was
3 was 4 shorter
4 shorter 5 at
4 shorter 7 than
5 at 6 fz
7 than 8 at
8 at 9 cz

relative amplitudes were significantly higher at fz than at cz overall ; pa - nb and nb - pb were significantly lower for 3000 hz than for 500 hz and clicks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 amplitudes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
1 relative 2 amplitudes
2 amplitudes 3 were
3 were 4 significantly
3 were 5 higher
5 higher 6 at
5 higher 8 than
5 higher 11 overall
6 at 7 fz
8 than 9 at
9 at 10 cz
12 ; 13 pa
12 ; 14 -
14 - 16 and
14 - 18 -
15 nb 16 and
16 and 17 nb
18 - 19 pb
18 - 30 and
18 - 32 .
19 pb 30 and
20 were 21 significantly
20 were 22 lower
20 were 30 and
22 lower 23 for
22 lower 26 than
23 for 25 hz
24 3000 25 hz
26 than 27 for
27 for 29 hz
28 500 29 hz
30 and 31 clicks

conclusions : responses from young smokers revealed a higher amplitude and shorter latency for later amlr waves , reflecting an arousal effect of smoking in cortical and subcortical generators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 waves
2 : 3 responses
2 : 7 revealed
3 responses 4 from
3 responses 7 revealed
4 from 6 smokers
5 young 6 smokers
7 revealed 13 latency
7 revealed 14 for
8 a 13 latency
9 higher 10 amplitude
10 amplitude 11 and
11 and 12 shorter
11 and 13 latency
14 for 16 amlr
15 later 16 amlr
16 amlr 17 waves
17 waves 19 reflecting
18 , 19 reflecting
19 reflecting 22 effect
19 reflecting 25 in
19 reflecting 30 .
20 an 22 effect
21 arousal 22 effect
22 effect 23 of
23 of 24 smoking
25 in 29 generators
26 cortical 27 and
27 and 28 subcortical
27 and 29 generators

amlr differences in older adults may be due to age - related neurochemical changes in the central nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
1 amlr 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 6 may
3 in 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 due
8 due 9 to
8 due 10 age
9 to 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 14 changes
12 related 15 in
12 related 20 .
13 neurochemical 14 changes
15 in 19 system
16 the 19 system
17 central 19 system
18 nervous 19 system

stimulus and electrode differences plus smoking and aging effects can guide neurodiagnostic amlr protocols , especially in young adult smokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 guide
1 stimulus 2 and
2 and 4 differences
2 and 5 plus
2 and 10 can
3 electrode 4 differences
5 plus 7 and
6 smoking 7 and
7 and 9 effects
8 aging 9 effects
10 can 11 guide
11 guide 14 protocols
11 guide 17 in
12 neurodiagnostic 14 protocols
13 amlr 14 protocols
15 , 16 especially
15 , 17 in
17 in 20 smokers
17 in 21 .
18 young 19 adult
19 adult 20 smokers

purpose : the study was aimed at characterizing age - related changes in speech motor performance on a nonword repetition task as a function of practice and nonword length and complexity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 aimed
2 : 11 related
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 at
7 at 8 characterizing
8 characterizing 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 changes
11 related 13 in
11 related 17 on
13 in 16 performance
14 speech 16 performance
15 motor 16 performance
17 on 30 and
18 a 21 task
19 nonword 20 repetition
20 repetition 21 task
21 task 22 as
21 task 25 of
21 task 27 and
22 as 24 function
23 a 24 function
25 of 26 practice
27 and 29 length
27 and 30 and
28 nonword 29 length
30 and 31 complexity

method : nonword repetition accuracy , lip aperture coordination , and nonword production durations were assessed on 2 consecutive days for 16 young and 16 elderly participants for the production of 6 novel nonwords increasing in length and complexity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 method 2 :
2 : 5 accuracy
3 nonword 5 accuracy
4 repetition 5 accuracy
6 , 24 and
7 lip 9 coordination
8 aperture 9 coordination
9 coordination 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 nonword
11 and 13 production
11 and 16 assessed
11 and 24 and
13 production 14 durations
13 production 15 were
13 production 16 assessed
14 durations 15 were
16 assessed 17 on
16 assessed 21 for
16 assessed 23 young
17 on 20 days
18 2 20 days
19 consecutive 20 days
21 for 22 16
24 and 27 participants
24 and 28 for
25 16 27 participants
26 elderly 27 participants
28 for 30 production
29 the 30 production
30 production 31 of
30 production 35 increasing
31 of 34 nonwords
32 6 34 nonwords
33 novel 34 nonwords
35 increasing 36 in
36 in 38 and
37 length 38 and
38 and 39 complexity
38 and 40 .

results : the effect of age on the ability to accurately [and] rapidly repeat long , complex nonwords was significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 effect
2 : 19 was
2 : 21 .
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 19 was
5 of 6 age
6 age 7 on
7 on 9 ability
8 the 9 ability
9 ability 10 to
9 ability 14 repeat
10 to 14 repeat
11 accurately 14 repeat
13 rapidly 14 repeat
14 repeat 18 nonwords
15 long 16 ,
15 long 18 nonwords
17 complex 18 nonwords
19 was 20 significant

however , the authors found no differences between the speech motor coordinative patterns of young and elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 authors
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 found
5 found 7 differences
5 found 13 patterns
6 no 7 differences
7 differences 8 between
8 between 11 motor
9 the 11 motor
10 speech 11 motor
12 coordinative 13 patterns
13 patterns 14 of
14 of 18 adults
15 young 16 and
16 and 17 elderly
16 and 18 adults

further , the authors demonstrated age - and nonword - specific [within] - and [between] [-] session gains in speech motor performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 authors
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 8 and
6 age 8 and
7 - 8 and
8 and 9 nonword
10 - 14 and
10 - 23 .
11 specific 14 and
13 - 14 and
14 and 18 gains
14 and 19 in
17 session 18 gains
19 in 22 performance
20 speech 21 motor
21 motor 22 performance

conclusions : the authors speculate that cognitive , sensory , and motor factors interact in complex ways in elderly individuals to produce individual differences in nonword repetition ability at the levels of both behavioral and speech motor performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 produce
2 : 4 authors
2 : 5 speculate
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 speculate
5 speculate 6 that
6 that 11 and
6 that 14 interact
7 cognitive 8 ,
8 , 9 sensory
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 factors
11 and 14 interact
12 motor 13 factors
14 interact 15 in
14 interact 21 to
15 in 17 ways
16 complex 17 ways
17 ways 18 in
18 in 20 individuals
19 elderly 20 individuals
21 to 22 produce
22 produce 24 differences
23 individual 24 differences
24 differences 25 in
24 differences 32 of
25 in 28 ability
26 nonword 27 repetition
27 repetition 28 ability
28 ability 29 at
29 at 31 levels
30 the 31 levels
32 of 35 and
33 both 35 and
34 behavioral 35 and
35 and 38 performance
35 and 39 .
36 speech 37 motor
37 motor 38 performance

purpose : the primary purpose of this study was to measure the 16 - year change in peak compensated static acoustic admittance ( peak y ( tm ) ) in a population - based cohort of older adults , [and] to determine whether age was associated with any observed change in peak y ( tm [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 purpose
2 : 14 -
3 the 5 purpose
4 primary 5 purpose
5 purpose 6 of
5 purpose 8 study
5 purpose 11 measure
6 of 7 this
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 measure
10 to 11 measure
11 measure 13 16
12 the 13 16
14 - 16 change
14 - 19 compensated
15 year 16 change
16 change 17 in
16 change 19 compensated
17 in 18 peak
19 compensated 22 admittance
19 compensated 30 in
20 static 22 admittance
21 acoustic 22 admittance
22 admittance 24 peak
23 ( 24 peak
24 peak 25 y
24 peak 27 tm
24 peak 29 )
26 ( 27 tm
27 tm 28 )
30 in 32 population
31 a 32 population
32 population 35 cohort
32 population 41 to
33 - 35 cohort
34 based 35 cohort
35 cohort 36 of
35 cohort 39 ,
36 of 38 adults
37 older 38 adults
39 , 41 to
41 to 42 determine
42 determine 43 whether
42 determine 51 in
43 whether 44 age
43 whether 46 associated
44 age 45 was
45 was 46 associated
46 associated 47 with
47 with 48 any
47 with 50 change
49 observed 50 change
51 in 52 peak
52 peak 53 y
52 peak 55 tm
54 ( 55 tm
55 tm 57 )(

other tympanometric measures also were taken and analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 other 3 measures
2 tympanometric 3 measures
3 measures 7 and
4 also 5 were
5 were 6 taken
5 were 7 and
7 and 8 analyzed

method : data from two examinations ( 1993 - 1995 and 2009 - 2010 ) of the population - based epidemiology of hearing loss study ( n = 1,439 with data at both examinations , ages 48 - 84 years at baseline ) were utilized to assess 16 - year change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 data
3 data 4 from
3 data 16 of
4 from 6 examinations
5 two 6 examinations
6 examinations 8 1993
6 examinations 11 and
7 ( 8 1993
8 1993 9 -
9 - 11 and
10 1995 11 and
11 and 12 2009
11 and 14 2010
11 and 15 )
13 - 14 2010
14 2010 15 )
16 of 18 population
17 the 18 population
19 - 35 ,
19 - 49 -
20 based 21 epidemiology
20 based 30 with
20 based 35 ,
21 epidemiology 22 of
22 of 25 study
23 hearing 24 loss
24 loss 25 study
25 study 28 =
26 ( 28 =
27 n 28 =
28 = 29 1,439
30 with 31 data
30 with 32 at
32 at 34 examinations
33 both 34 examinations
35 , 47 assess
36 ages 37 48
36 ages 40 years
36 ages 44 were
38 - 40 years
39 84 40 years
40 years 41 at
40 years 43 )
41 at 42 baseline
44 were 45 utilized
45 utilized 46 to
46 to 47 assess
47 assess 48 16
49 - 51 change
50 year 51 change

tympanometric measures were taken using a 226 [-] hz probe tone , a positive [-] [to] - negative direction of pressure change , and a measured pump speed of 600/200 dapa/s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 tympanometric 2 measures
2 measures 3 were
3 were 4 taken
4 taken 5 using
5 using 11 tone
6 a 11 tone
7 226 9 hz
9 hz 10 probe
10 probe 11 tone
12 , 19 direction
12 , 31 dapa/s
13 a 14 positive
13 a 19 direction
14 positive 17 -
14 positive 18 negative
18 negative 19 direction
19 direction 20 of
19 direction 31 dapa/s
20 of 24 and
21 pressure 22 change
22 change 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 28 speed
24 and 29 of
25 a 26 measured
25 a 28 speed
26 measured 27 pump
27 pump 28 speed
29 of 30 600/200

results : during the 16 - year period , peak y ( tm ) declined an average of 0.009 [mmho/year] ( 0.009/year for women , 0.007/year for men ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 peak
2 : 15 declined
3 during 5 16
3 during 10 peak
4 the 5 16
5 16 8 period
6 - 8 period
7 year 8 period
8 period 9 ,
10 peak 11 y
10 peak 13 tm
10 peak 15 declined
12 ( 13 tm
13 tm 14 )
15 declined 17 average
16 an 17 average
17 average 18 of
18 of 19 0.009
19 0.009 22 0.009/year
21 ( 22 0.009/year
22 0.009/year 23 for
22 0.009/year 30 .
23 for 24 women
24 women 26 0.007/year
25 , 26 0.007/year
26 0.007/year 27 for
26 0.007/year 29 )
27 for 28 men

among women , older baseline age was associated with greater decline [in] peak y ( tm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 among 2 women
1 among 3 ,
1 among 6 age
4 older 5 baseline
5 baseline 6 age
6 age 7 was
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 13 peak
10 greater 11 decline
11 decline 13 peak
13 peak 14 y
13 peak 16 tm
15 ( 16 tm
16 tm 17 )

among men , baseline age was associated with change in peak y ( tm ) , but in a nonlinear pattern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 among 2 men
1 among 3 ,
1 among 5 age
4 baseline 5 age
5 age 6 was
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 9 change
9 change 17 but
10 in 11 peak
10 in 17 but
11 peak 12 y
11 peak 14 tm
13 ( 14 tm
14 tm 15 )
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 in
18 in 21 pattern
19 a 20 nonlinear
19 a 21 pattern
20 nonlinear 21 pattern

other tympanometric measures demonstrated little change after 16 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 other 3 measures
2 tympanometric 3 measures
3 measures 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 6 change
4 demonstrated 7 after
5 little 6 change
7 after 9 years
8 16 9 years

conclusions : these results demonstrate a small degree [of] middle - ear stiffening after 16 years among these older adults , but not enough to [affect] function in a manner that would influence clinical decisions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 demonstrate
2 : 11 -
2 : 27 function
2 : 36 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 10 middle
6 a 7 small
6 a 10 middle
7 small 10 middle
8 degree 10 middle
11 - 12 ear
12 ear 22 but
12 ear 25 to
13 stiffening 14 after
13 stiffening 22 but
14 after 16 years
15 16 16 years
16 years 17 among
17 among 20 adults
18 these 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 not
22 but 24 enough
25 to 27 function
27 function 28 in
28 in 30 manner
29 a 30 manner
30 manner 31 that
30 manner 33 influence
31 that 32 would
32 would 33 influence
33 influence 35 decisions
34 clinical 35 decisions

background : facial aging is a dynamic process with impact on both the soft tissues and the bones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 facial
2 : 5 is
2 : 19 .
3 facial 4 aging
3 facial 5 is
5 is 8 process
6 a 8 process
7 dynamic 8 process
8 process 9 with
9 with 16 and
10 impact 11 on
10 impact 16 and
11 on 12 both
12 both 13 the
12 both 15 tissues
13 the 15 tissues
14 soft 15 tissues
16 and 18 bones
17 the 18 bones

despite a growing body of evidence , [controversy] still [exists] regarding absolute characteristics of the aging facial skeleton . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 still
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 despite 4 body
1 despite 7 ,
1 despite 9 still
2 a 4 body
3 growing 4 body
4 body 5 of
5 of 6 evidence
9 still 13 characteristics
11 regarding 13 characteristics
12 absolute 13 characteristics
13 characteristics 14 of
14 of 18 skeleton
15 the 18 skeleton
16 aging 18 skeleton
17 facial 18 skeleton

objective : the purpose of this study was to investigate various mandibular measurements in different age groups and to delineate the relation of the dentition to these parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 18 and
10 investigate 13 measurements
10 investigate 14 in
10 investigate 18 and
11 various 13 measurements
12 mandibular 13 measurements
14 in 17 groups
15 different 16 age
16 age 17 groups
18 and 19 to
18 and 20 delineate
18 and 26 to
19 to 20 delineate
20 delineate 22 relation
21 the 22 relation
22 relation 23 of
23 of 25 dentition
24 the 25 dentition
26 to 28 parameters
27 these 28 parameters

methods : ninety caucasian mandibles were assessed for the following distance landmarks : gonion - gonion , infradentale - gnathion , mental foramen - mandibular crest , mental foramen - inferior mandibular border , gnathion - gonion , condyle - gonion , and gonial angle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 caucasian
2 : 13 :
2 : 21 ,
2 : 46 .
3 ninety 4 caucasian
4 caucasian 5 mandibles
4 caucasian 6 were
4 caucasian 7 assessed
4 caucasian 13 :
5 mandibles 6 were
7 assessed 8 for
8 for 12 landmarks
9 the 12 landmarks
10 following 12 landmarks
11 distance 12 landmarks
13 : 14 gonion
14 gonion 16 gonion
14 gonion 18 infradentale
15 - 16 gonion
16 gonion 17 ,
17 , 18 infradentale
18 infradentale 20 gnathion
18 infradentale 21 ,
19 - 20 gnathion
20 gnathion 21 ,
21 , 26 crest
21 , 27 ,
22 mental 26 crest
23 foramen 24 -
23 foramen 26 crest
25 mandibular 26 crest
27 , 33 border
27 , 34 ,
28 mental 33 border
29 foramen 30 -
29 foramen 33 border
31 inferior 33 border
32 mandibular 33 border
34 , 35 gnathion
34 , 36 -
36 - 43 and
37 gonion 38 ,
38 , 41 gonion
38 , 43 and
39 condyle 40 -
39 condyle 41 gonion
42 , 43 and
43 and 45 angle
44 gonial 45 angle

the measurements were compared according to age , sex , and dentition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 4 compared
4 compared 6 to
5 according 6 to
6 to 11 and
7 age 8 ,
8 , 9 sex
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 dentition

results : the number of teeth decreased significantly with increasing age in males ( p = [.] 002 ) and females ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 teeth
3 the 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 teeth
5 of 6 teeth
6 teeth 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 significantly
7 decreased 9 with
9 with 10 increasing
10 increasing 20 and
11 age 12 in
11 age 20 and
12 in 13 males
13 males 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 18 002
16 = 19 )
20 and 21 females
20 and 24 <
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 26 001
24 < 27 )

there were no other statistically significant differences between age groups for the rest of the parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 7 differences
3 no 4 other
4 other 7 differences
5 statistically 6 significant
6 significant 7 differences
7 differences 8 between
8 between 10 groups
9 age 10 groups
10 groups 11 for
11 for 13 rest
12 the 13 rest
13 rest 14 of
14 of 16 parameters
15 the 16 parameters

the infradentale - gnathion distance [(] p = . 005 [ )(and the mental foramen - mandibular crest distance ( p < [.] 001 ) was found to increase with total number [of] teeth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 distance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 5 distance
2 infradentale 3 -
2 infradentale 4 gnathion
4 gnathion 5 distance
5 distance 7 p
5 distance 8 =
9 . 10 005
9 . 12 )(and
9 . 35 .
12 )(and 19 distance
12 )(and 29 increase
13 the 19 distance
14 mental 18 crest
15 foramen 16 -
15 foramen 18 crest
17 mandibular 18 crest
18 crest 19 distance
19 distance 22 <
19 distance 26 was
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 24 001
22 < 25 )
26 was 27 found
27 found 28 to
28 to 29 increase
29 increase 30 with
30 with 34 teeth
31 total 34 teeth
32 number 34 teeth

other parameters did not show a significant relation to dentition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 other 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 show
5 show 8 relation
5 show 9 to
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 relation
7 significant 8 relation
9 to 10 dentition

all parameters were significantly larger in the male subgroups with the exception of gnathion - gonion [distance] and gonial angle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 all 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 were
3 were 4 significantly
3 were 5 larger
5 larger 6 in
5 larger 10 with
6 in 9 subgroups
7 the 9 subgroups
8 male 9 subgroups
10 with 12 exception
11 the 12 exception
12 exception 13 of
13 of 14 gnathion
15 - 18 and
15 - 21 .
16 gonion 18 and
18 and 20 angle
19 gonial 20 angle

bilateral mandibular measurements were symmetric except for the gonial angle , which was more obtuse on the right side in males ( p = [.] 007 ) and females ( p = [.] 018 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 bilateral 3 measurements
2 mandibular 3 measurements
3 measurements 4 were
4 were 5 symmetric
5 symmetric 6 except
6 except 7 for
7 for 10 angle
8 the 10 angle
9 gonial 10 angle
11 , 12 which
11 , 13 was
12 which 13 was
13 was 15 obtuse
14 more 15 obtuse
15 obtuse 16 on
16 on 28 and
17 the 19 side
18 right 19 side
19 side 20 in
19 side 28 and
20 in 21 males
21 males 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 26 007
24 = 27 )
28 and 29 females
28 and 32 =
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 34 018
32 = 35 )

conclusions : our findings support previous evidence that dentition is the main determinant of the morphology of the mandible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 support
2 : 20 .
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 support
5 support 7 evidence
6 previous 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 that
8 that 9 dentition
8 that 10 is
9 dentition 10 is
10 is 13 determinant
11 the 12 main
11 the 13 determinant
13 determinant 14 of
14 of 16 morphology
15 the 16 morphology
16 morphology 17 of
17 of 19 mandible
18 the 19 mandible

the skeletal characteristics are variable among individuals , and a longitudinal study is required to better understand age - related changes of the mandible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 the 3 characteristics
2 skeletal 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 are
4 are 5 variable
5 variable 6 among
6 among 7 individuals
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 study
9 and 14 required
10 a 11 longitudinal
10 a 12 study
11 longitudinal 12 study
12 study 13 is
13 is 14 required
14 required 15 to
14 required 17 understand
15 to 17 understand
16 better 17 understand
17 understand 18 age
18 age 21 changes
19 - 21 changes
20 related 21 changes
21 changes 22 of
21 changes 25 .
22 of 24 mandible
23 the 24 mandible

objective : the recent emphasis of the importance of " aging in place " has highlighted the role of transportation in health [promotion] over the life course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 emphasis
2 : 16 highlighted
2 : 28 .
3 the 5 emphasis
4 recent 5 emphasis
5 emphasis 6 of
5 emphasis 15 has
6 of 8 importance
7 the 8 importance
8 importance 9 of
9 of 10 "
9 of 11 aging
11 aging 13 place
12 in 13 place
13 place 14 "
15 has 16 highlighted
16 highlighted 18 role
16 highlighted 21 in
16 highlighted 24 over
17 the 18 role
18 role 19 of
19 of 20 transportation
21 in 22 health
24 over 27 course
25 the 27 course
26 life 27 course

driving cessation in later life is associated with numerous poor health outcomes including limitations in social and physical functioning and increased risk of mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 driving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 driving 2 cessation
1 driving 20 and
2 cessation 3 in
3 in 5 life
4 later 5 life
6 is 7 associated
6 is 20 and
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 19 functioning
8 with 12 outcomes
9 numerous 11 health
10 poor 11 health
11 health 12 outcomes
12 outcomes 13 including
13 including 14 limitations
13 including 15 in
15 in 17 and
16 social 17 and
17 and 18 physical
20 and 21 increased
20 and 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 24 mortality

however , little is known about the relationship between driving cessation and change in cognitive functioning in late life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 14 in
5 known 17 in
6 about 12 and
7 the 8 relationship
8 relationship 9 between
8 relationship 12 and
9 between 10 driving
10 driving 11 cessation
12 and 13 change
14 in 16 functioning
15 cognitive 16 functioning
17 in 19 life
18 late 19 life

this study examined the association between driving mobility and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 association
3 examined 6 between
3 examined 14 among
4 the 5 association
6 between 9 and
7 driving 8 mobility
8 mobility 9 and
9 and 10 trajectories
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 functioning
12 cognitive 13 functioning
14 among 16 adults
15 older 16 adults

methods : using data from six waves [ 1998 - 2008 ] of the health and retirement study , trajectories of cognitive functioning were estimated over a 10 [-] year period using longitudinal mixed effects models [ n = 9,135 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 data
3 using 4 data
4 data 5 from
4 data 13 of
5 from 7 waves
6 six 7 waves
7 waves 10 -
8 [ 10 -
9 1998 10 -
10 - 11 2008
10 - 12 ]
13 of 16 and
14 the 15 health
15 health 16 and
16 and 18 study
17 retirement 18 study
19 , 20 trajectories
19 , 36 models
20 trajectories 21 of
20 trajectories 24 were
21 of 23 functioning
22 cognitive 23 functioning
24 were 25 estimated
25 estimated 26 over
26 over 31 period
27 a 31 period
28 10 30 year
30 year 31 period
31 period 32 using
31 period 36 models
32 using 35 effects
32 using 36 models
33 longitudinal 35 effects
34 mixed 35 effects
36 models 39 =
37 [ 39 =
38 n 39 =
39 = 40 9,135
39 = 41 ]

cognitive [function] was assessed with a modified version of the telephone interview for cognitive status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cognitive 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 with
5 with 8 version
6 a 8 version
7 modified 8 version
8 version 9 of
9 of 12 interview
10 the 12 interview
11 telephone 12 interview
12 interview 13 for
13 for 15 status
14 cognitive 15 status

driving status and health characteristics were assessed by self - report . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 driving 2 status
2 status 3 and
3 and 4 health
3 and 5 characteristics
3 and 8 by
3 and 9 self
5 characteristics 6 were
6 were 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 by
10 - 11 report
10 - 12 .

results : older adults who did not drive ( [former] and never drivers ) [at] baseline had lower average cognitive scores compared with active drivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 who
4 adults 6 did
5 who 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 drive
9 ( 11 and
11 and 16 baseline
11 and 17 had
12 never 13 drivers
12 never 14 )
12 never 16 baseline
16 baseline 17 had
17 had 21 scores
18 lower 21 scores
19 average 21 scores
20 cognitive 21 scores
21 scores 22 compared
22 compared 23 with
23 with 25 drivers
24 active 25 drivers

former drivers had accelerated cognitive [decline] over the subsequent 10 years compared with active drivers [(] β = - 0.35 , 95 % confidence interval [ ci ] = - 0.43 to - 0.26 ) even after controlling for baseline cognitive functioning and health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 former
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accelerated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 former 2 drivers
1 former 3 had
1 former 4 accelerated
2 drivers 3 had
4 accelerated 5 cognitive
5 cognitive 7 over
5 cognitive 19 -
7 over 9 subsequent
8 the 9 subsequent
10 10 11 years
10 10 19 -
11 years 12 compared
12 compared 13 with
13 with 15 drivers
14 active 15 drivers
15 drivers 17 β
15 drivers 18 =
17 β 18 =
19 - 20 0.35
21 , 23 %
21 , 36 even
22 95 23 %
23 % 25 interval
23 % 29 =
23 % 32 to
23 % 36 even
24 confidence 25 interval
25 interval 27 ci
25 interval 29 =
26 [ 27 ci
27 ci 28 ]
30 - 32 to
31 0.43 32 to
32 to 34 0.26
32 to 35 )
33 - 34 0.26
36 even 37 after
36 even 39 for
36 even 43 and
37 after 38 controlling
39 for 40 baseline
41 cognitive 42 functioning
41 cognitive 43 and
43 and 45 status
44 health 45 status

the transition to [non] [-] driving was associated with a faster cognitive decline among those who were driving at baseline ( β [=] - 0.31 , 95 % ci = - 0.40 to - 0.22 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 transition
2 transition 3 to
2 transition 7 was
3 to 6 driving
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 14 among
8 associated 19 at
8 associated 24 -
9 with 13 decline
10 a 13 decline
11 faster 13 decline
12 cognitive 13 decline
14 among 15 those
15 those 16 who
15 those 17 were
16 who 17 were
17 were 18 driving
19 at 20 baseline
21 ( 24 -
22 β 24 -
24 - 25 0.31
24 - 36 )
25 0.31 28 %
26 , 28 %
27 95 28 %
28 % 29 ci
28 % 30 =
28 % 36 )
29 ci 30 =
30 = 33 to
31 - 32 0.40
32 0.40 33 to
33 to 35 0.22
34 - 35 0.22

conclusions : older adults without driving mobility had poorer cognitive functioning at baseline and experienced accelerated cognitive decline relative to active drivers over [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 8 had
2 : 27 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 without
4 adults 8 had
5 without 6 driving
6 driving 7 mobility
8 had 11 functioning
8 had 12 at
8 had 20 to
9 poorer 11 functioning
10 cognitive 11 functioning
12 at 14 and
13 baseline 14 and
14 and 19 relative
15 experienced 18 decline
16 accelerated 18 decline
17 cognitive 18 decline
18 decline 19 relative
20 to 22 drivers
21 active 22 drivers
22 drivers 23 over
23 over 26 up
25 - 26 up

objectives : this study explores whether cardiovascular fitness levels and senescent decline are similar in the tsimane of bolivia and canadians , as well as other subsistence and industrialized populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 explores
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 explores
5 explores 6 whether
5 explores 25 as
6 whether 10 and
6 whether 13 are
7 cardiovascular 9 levels
8 fitness 9 levels
9 levels 10 and
10 and 12 decline
10 and 13 are
11 senescent 12 decline
13 are 14 similar
14 similar 15 in
15 in 17 tsimane
16 the 17 tsimane
17 tsimane 18 of
18 of 20 and
19 bolivia 20 and
20 and 21 canadians
20 and 22 ,
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 28 and
26 other 27 subsistence
27 subsistence 28 and
28 and 30 populations
29 industrialized 30 populations

among tsimane , we examine whether morbidity predicts lower levels and faster decline of cardiovascular fitness , or whether their lifestyle ( e.g [.] , high physical activity ) promotes high levels and slow decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 among 2 tsimane
1 among 3 ,
1 among 4 we
4 we 5 examine
5 examine 6 whether
5 examine 21 lifestyle
5 examine 30 promotes
6 whether 7 morbidity
6 whether 8 predicts
7 morbidity 8 predicts
8 predicts 18 or
9 lower 10 levels
10 levels 11 and
11 and 13 decline
11 and 14 of
11 and 18 or
12 faster 13 decline
14 of 16 fitness
15 cardiovascular 16 fitness
17 , 18 or
18 or 19 whether
20 their 21 lifestyle
21 lifestyle 28 activity
21 lifestyle 30 promotes
22 ( 28 activity
23 e.g 25 ,
23 e.g 28 activity
26 high 28 activity
27 physical 28 activity
28 activity 29 )
30 promotes 33 and
31 high 32 levels
32 levels 33 and
33 and 35 decline
34 slow 35 decline

alternatively , high activity levels and morbidity might counterbalance such that tsimane fitness levels and decline are similar to those in industrialized populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 counterbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 alternatively 2 ,
1 alternatively 6 and
3 high 4 activity
4 activity 5 levels
5 levels 6 and
6 and 7 morbidity
6 and 8 might
8 might 9 counterbalance
9 counterbalance 11 that
9 counterbalance 23 populations
10 such 11 that
11 that 12 tsimane
11 that 22 industrialized
12 tsimane 15 and
12 tsimane 21 in
12 tsimane 22 industrialized
13 fitness 14 levels
14 levels 15 and
15 and 16 decline
15 and 17 are
17 are 18 similar
18 similar 19 to
18 similar 21 in
19 to 20 those

methods : maximal oxygen uptake ( vo2 [max] ) was estimated using a step test heart rate method for 701 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 maximal
3 maximal 5 uptake
3 maximal 10 was
3 maximal 11 estimated
4 oxygen 5 uptake
5 uptake 7 vo2
5 uptake 10 was
6 ( 7 vo2
7 vo2 9 )
11 estimated 12 using
12 using 18 method
12 using 19 for
13 a 18 method
14 step 18 method
15 test 16 heart
16 heart 18 method
17 rate 18 method
19 for 21 participants
20 701 21 participants

we compared these estimates to the canadian health measures survey and previous studies [in] industrialized and subsistence populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 estimates
2 compared 5 to
3 these 4 estimates
5 to 16 and
6 the 7 canadian
7 canadian 10 survey
8 health 9 measures
9 measures 10 survey
10 survey 11 and
11 and 13 studies
11 and 15 industrialized
11 and 16 and
12 previous 13 studies
16 and 18 populations
17 subsistence 18 populations

we evaluated whether health indicators and proxies for market integration were associated with vo2 max levels and rate [of] decline for the tsimane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 3 whether
3 whether 6 and
3 whether 20 decline
4 health 5 indicators
5 indicators 6 and
6 and 7 proxies
6 and 8 for
6 and 11 were
8 for 10 integration
9 market 10 integration
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 vo2
14 vo2 17 and
14 vo2 20 decline
15 max 16 levels
16 levels 17 and
17 and 18 rate
17 and 20 decline
20 decline 21 for
21 for 23 tsimane
22 the 23 tsimane

results : the tsimane [have] significantly higher levels of vo2 max and slower rates [of] decline than canadians ; initial evidence suggests differences in vo2 max levels between other subsistence and industrialized populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 8 levels
3 the 8 levels
4 tsimane 8 levels
6 significantly 7 higher
7 higher 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
8 levels 14 rates
8 levels 16 decline
9 of 10 vo2
11 max 12 and
12 and 13 slower
12 and 14 rates
14 rates 16 decline
16 decline 17 than
17 than 18 canadians
19 ; 21 evidence
19 ; 22 suggests
20 initial 21 evidence
21 evidence 22 suggests
22 suggests 23 differences
22 suggests 31 and
23 differences 24 in
24 in 25 vo2
26 max 27 levels
26 max 28 between
26 max 31 and
28 between 30 subsistence
29 other 30 subsistence
31 and 32 industrialized
32 industrialized 33 populations

low hemoglobin predicts low vo2 max for tsimane women while helminth infection predicts high vo2 max for tsimane men , though results might be specific to the vo2 max scaling parameter used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hemoglobin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 predicts
1 low 2 hemoglobin
2 hemoglobin 3 predicts
3 predicts 4 low
3 predicts 5 vo2
5 vo2 6 max
5 vo2 16 max
6 max 7 for
6 max 10 while
7 for 9 women
8 tsimane 9 women
10 while 12 infection
10 while 13 predicts
11 helminth 12 infection
12 infection 13 predicts
13 predicts 14 high
13 predicts 15 vo2
16 max 17 for
16 max 21 though
17 for 19 men
18 tsimane 19 men
20 , 21 though
21 though 22 results
21 though 24 be
21 though 33 .
22 results 23 might
23 might 24 be
24 be 25 specific
25 specific 26 to
26 to 31 parameter
27 the 31 parameter
28 vo2 31 parameter
29 max 31 parameter
30 scaling 31 parameter
31 parameter 32 used

no variables tested interact with age to moderate [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 no 2 variables
2 variables 3 tested
2 variables 4 interact
4 interact 5 with
4 interact 7 to
5 with 6 age
7 to 8 moderate

conclusions : the tsimane [demonstrate] higher levels of cardiovascular fitness than industrialized populations , but levels similar to other subsistence populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 tsimane
3 the 4 tsimane
4 tsimane 7 levels
4 tsimane 16 levels
4 tsimane 17 similar
6 higher 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
7 levels 15 but
8 of 10 fitness
9 cardiovascular 10 fitness
11 than 12 industrialized
12 industrialized 13 populations
12 industrialized 15 but
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 levels
17 similar 18 to
18 to 21 populations
19 other 21 populations
20 subsistence 21 populations

the high vo2 [max] of tsimane is consistent with their high physical activity and few indicators of cardiovascular disease , measured in previous studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vo2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 high
2 high 3 vo2
3 vo2 5 of
3 vo2 20 ,
5 of 6 tsimane
7 is 8 consistent
7 is 20 ,
8 consistent 9 with
9 with 16 indicators
10 their 16 indicators
11 high 16 indicators
12 physical 13 activity
13 activity 14 and
14 and 15 few
14 and 16 indicators
16 indicators 17 of
17 of 19 disease
18 cardiovascular 19 disease
20 , 21 measured
20 , 22 in
22 in 24 studies
23 previous 24 studies

[how] faces change across lengthy time periods and whether the changing appearance of a face functions as an identity category was investigated in two experiments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 faces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 faces 3 change
3 change 4 across
4 across 6 time
5 lengthy 6 time
6 time 8 and
6 time 22 investigated
7 periods 8 and
8 and 9 whether
8 and 12 appearance
8 and 21 was
8 and 22 investigated
10 the 12 appearance
11 changing 12 appearance
12 appearance 13 of
12 appearance 16 functions
13 of 15 face
14 a 15 face
16 functions 17 as
17 as 20 category
17 as 21 was
18 an 20 category
19 identity 20 category
20 category 21 was
22 investigated 23 in
23 in 25 experiments
24 two 25 experiments

in experiment 1 , the faces of 15 individuals were multidimensionally scaled at each of seven age epochs ( [roughly] < 6 months to 75 years of age ) and correlated with the same persons , but at different ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 faces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 faces
2 experiment 3 1
5 the 6 faces
6 faces 7 of
6 faces 30 and
7 of 9 individuals
8 15 9 individuals
10 were 12 scaled
10 were 30 and
11 multidimensionally 12 scaled
12 scaled 13 at
13 at 14 each
14 each 15 of
15 of 18 epochs
16 seven 18 epochs
17 age 18 epochs
18 epochs 24 to
19 ( 24 to
21 < 22 6
22 6 23 months
23 months 24 to
24 to 26 years
24 to 27 of
24 to 29 )
25 75 26 years
27 of 28 age
30 and 31 correlated
30 and 37 but
32 with 35 persons
32 with 37 but
33 the 34 same
34 same 35 persons
36 , 37 but
37 but 38 at
38 at 40 ages
39 different 40 ages

in experiment 2 , three individuals at each of seven age epochs were multidimensionally scaled , and analyses explored the conceptual structure and transformational path of each person within the space . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 scaled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 individuals
2 experiment 3 2
5 three 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 at
6 individuals 9 of
6 individuals 13 were
7 at 8 each
9 of 12 epochs
10 seven 12 epochs
11 age 12 epochs
13 were 15 scaled
14 multidimensionally 15 scaled
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 analyses
17 and 19 explored
18 analyses 19 explored
19 explored 23 and
19 explored 29 within
20 the 22 structure
21 conceptual 22 structure
22 structure 23 and
23 and 25 path
23 and 26 of
24 transformational 25 path
26 of 28 person
27 each 28 person
29 within 31 space
30 the 31 space

the results revealed that even the earliest age epochs ( < 6 months ) were correlated with the later epochs , except for the most extreme age , with the correlation [highest] at intermediate ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 revealed
2 results 4 that
2 results 5 even
2 results 15 were
4 that 5 even
5 even 9 epochs
6 the 7 earliest
6 the 9 epochs
8 age 9 epochs
9 epochs 13 months
10 ( 13 months
11 < 12 6
12 6 13 months
13 months 14 )
15 were 16 correlated
16 correlated 17 with
16 correlated 29 with
16 correlated 33 at
17 with 20 epochs
18 the 20 epochs
19 later 20 epochs
20 epochs 22 except
21 , 22 except
22 except 23 for
22 except 28 ,
23 for 27 age
24 the 27 age
25 most 26 extreme
26 extreme 27 age
29 with 31 correlation
30 the 31 correlation
33 at 35 ages
34 intermediate 35 ages

transformational paths were found that emerged and terminated at haphazard points in the space . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 transformational 2 paths
2 paths 3 were
3 were 7 and
4 found 5 that
4 found 6 emerged
4 found 7 and
5 that 6 emerged
7 and 8 terminated
7 and 9 at
7 and 12 in
9 at 11 points
10 haphazard 11 points
12 in 14 space
13 the 14 space

results are discussed in terms of principled change in categories whose members systematically change across their life cycle , including suggestions for the need to incorporate systematic change in current theories of categorization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussed
1 results 2 are
2 are 3 discussed
3 discussed 4 in
3 discussed 9 in
4 in 5 terms
5 terms 6 of
6 of 8 change
7 principled 8 change
9 in 10 categories
10 categories 11 whose
11 whose 12 members
12 members 14 change
13 systematically 14 change
14 change 15 across
14 change 18 cycle
16 their 18 cycle
17 life 18 cycle
18 cycle 20 including
19 , 20 including
20 including 21 suggestions
20 including 22 for
20 including 25 to
20 including 34 .
22 for 24 need
23 the 24 need
25 to 26 incorporate
26 incorporate 28 change
26 incorporate 29 in
27 systematic 28 change
29 in 31 theories
30 current 31 theories
31 theories 32 of
32 of 33 categorization

the historical underpinnings in the field of gerontology rest on the contributions of scholars across a myriad of racial and ethnic backgrounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underpinnings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 rest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 underpinnings
2 historical 3 underpinnings
3 underpinnings 4 in
3 underpinnings 9 rest
4 in 6 field
5 the 6 field
6 field 7 of
7 of 8 gerontology
9 rest 10 on
9 rest 15 across
10 on 12 contributions
11 the 12 contributions
12 contributions 13 of
13 of 14 scholars
15 across 17 myriad
16 a 17 myriad
17 myriad 18 of
18 of 22 backgrounds
19 racial 20 and
20 and 21 ethnic
20 and 22 backgrounds

with the increasing diversity of the adult population , there is a need to increase the number of researchers who study older adults from diverse racial and ethnic populations in general and black elderly people in particular . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 with 3 increasing
1 with 4 diversity
1 with 9 ,
1 with 10 there
2 the 3 increasing
4 diversity 5 of
5 of 8 population
6 the 8 population
7 adult 8 population
10 there 11 is
11 is 13 need
12 a 13 need
13 need 14 to
13 need 15 increase
14 to 15 increase
15 increase 17 number
15 increase 24 from
16 the 17 number
17 number 18 of
18 of 19 researchers
19 researchers 20 who
19 researchers 21 study
20 who 21 study
21 study 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
24 from 32 and
25 diverse 29 populations
26 racial 27 and
27 and 28 ethnic
27 and 29 populations
29 populations 31 general
29 populations 32 and
30 in 31 general
32 and 35 people
32 and 37 particular
33 black 35 people
34 elderly 35 people
36 in 37 particular

furthermore , it is important to document the participation of black older adults in our earliest and continuing research efforts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 document
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 to
5 important 7 document
6 to 7 document
7 document 17 and
8 the 9 participation
9 participation 10 of
9 participation 17 and
10 of 13 adults
11 black 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 in
14 in 16 earliest
15 our 16 earliest
17 and 20 efforts
18 continuing 19 research
19 research 20 efforts

understanding the historical context and the foundational influence of black scholars in this field is critical . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 understanding 5 and
1 understanding 12 in
1 understanding 15 is
2 the 4 context
3 historical 4 context
4 context 5 and
5 and 8 influence
5 and 9 of
6 the 8 influence
7 foundational 8 influence
9 of 11 scholars
10 black 11 scholars
12 in 14 field
13 this 14 field
15 is 16 critical

to realize its humble beginnings , one must become aware of the contributions by black scholars who have a vested interest in the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 realize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 to 2 realize
2 realize 5 beginnings
3 its 5 beginnings
4 humble 5 beginnings
6 , 7 one
6 , 9 become
7 one 8 must
8 must 9 become
9 become 10 aware
10 aware 11 of
10 aware 14 by
11 of 13 contributions
12 the 13 contributions
14 by 16 scholars
15 black 16 scholars
16 scholars 17 who
16 scholars 18 have
17 who 18 have
18 have 21 interest
18 have 22 in
19 a 21 interest
20 vested 21 interest
22 in 25 process
23 the 25 process
24 aging 25 process

with universal similarities and unique differences among older adults , there is a need to acknowledge the past and current scholarship of those who study the aging processes of blacks while marveling over the future possibilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 with
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 with 4 and
1 with 12 is
2 universal 3 similarities
3 similarities 4 and
4 and 6 differences
4 and 10 ,
4 and 11 there
5 unique 6 differences
6 differences 7 among
7 among 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
12 is 14 need
13 a 14 need
14 need 15 to
14 need 16 acknowledge
15 to 16 acknowledge
16 acknowledge 19 and
16 acknowledge 33 over
17 the 18 past
18 past 19 and
19 and 21 scholarship
19 and 22 of
19 and 24 who
19 and 25 study
20 current 21 scholarship
22 of 23 those
24 who 25 study
25 study 28 processes
25 study 31 while
26 the 28 processes
27 aging 28 processes
28 processes 29 of
29 of 30 blacks
31 while 32 marveling
33 over 36 possibilities
34 the 36 possibilities
35 future 36 possibilities

the purpose of this review is to elucidate the legacy and current contributions , philosophies , and research of black scholars in the field of gerontology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 elucidate
7 to 8 elucidate
8 elucidate 17 and
8 elucidate 22 in
9 the 10 legacy
10 legacy 11 and
11 and 13 contributions
11 and 15 philosophies
11 and 17 and
12 current 13 contributions
14 , 15 philosophies
15 philosophies 16 ,
17 and 18 research
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 scholars
20 black 21 scholars
22 in 24 field
23 the 24 field
24 field 25 of
25 of 26 gerontology

in addition , exploration of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks used to establish national and organizational initiatives is reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exploration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 exploration
4 exploration 5 of
4 exploration 11 used
4 exploration 18 is
5 of 10 frameworks
6 the 10 frameworks
7 theoretical 8 and
8 and 9 conceptual
8 and 10 frameworks
11 used 12 to
12 to 13 establish
13 establish 17 initiatives
14 national 15 and
15 and 16 organizational
15 and 17 initiatives
18 is 19 reviewed

the impetus in initiating and continuing this work requires a " knowledge of our roots " while moving into the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 impetus
2 impetus 3 in
2 impetus 5 and
3 in 4 initiating
5 and 6 continuing
5 and 8 work
5 and 18 moving
7 this 8 work
8 work 9 requires
9 requires 12 knowledge
9 requires 17 while
10 a 11 "
10 a 12 knowledge
12 knowledge 13 of
13 of 15 roots
14 our 15 roots
15 roots 16 "
17 while 18 moving
18 moving 19 into
19 into 21 future
20 the 21 future

it is important to learn the history and significance of black scholars in gerontology , the contributions of older blacks , and [appreciate] the resiliency and [marveled] life course of this unique population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 important
3 important 4 to
3 important 5 learn
4 to 5 learn
5 learn 8 and
5 learn 13 in
6 the 7 history
7 history 8 and
8 and 9 significance
9 significance 10 of
10 of 12 scholars
11 black 12 scholars
13 in 26 and
14 gerontology 15 ,
15 , 17 contributions
15 , 26 and
16 the 17 contributions
17 contributions 18 of
18 of 22 and
19 older 20 blacks
20 blacks 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 resiliency
24 the 25 resiliency
26 and 29 course
26 and 30 of
28 life 29 course
30 of 33 population
31 this 33 population
32 unique 33 population

objectives : this article analyzes data from interviews with anti - aging practitioners to evaluate how their descriptions of the work they do , their definitions of aging , and their goals for their patients intersect with gerontological views of " successful aging . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 4 article
2 : 5 analyzes
3 this 4 article
4 article 5 analyzes
5 analyzes 6 data
5 analyzes 7 from
5 analyzes 14 to
7 from 8 interviews
8 interviews 9 with
9 with 13 practitioners
10 anti 11 -
10 anti 13 practitioners
12 aging 13 practitioners
14 to 15 evaluate
15 evaluate 16 how
16 how 30 and
16 how 36 intersect
17 their 18 descriptions
18 descriptions 19 of
18 descriptions 30 and
19 of 21 work
20 the 21 work
21 work 22 they
21 work 23 do
21 work 26 definitions
22 they 23 do
24 , 26 definitions
25 their 26 definitions
26 definitions 27 of
26 definitions 29 ,
27 of 28 aging
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 goals
30 and 33 for
30 and 36 intersect
31 their 32 goals
33 for 35 patients
34 their 35 patients
36 intersect 37 with
37 with 39 views
38 gerontological 39 views
39 views 40 of
40 of 41 "
40 of 43 aging
42 successful 43 aging
44 . 45 "

method : semistructured interviews were conducted with a sample of 31 anti - aging practitioners drawn from the directory of the american academy for anti - aging medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 interviews
2 : 6 conducted
3 semistructured 4 interviews
4 interviews 5 were
5 were 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 with
7 with 9 sample
8 a 9 sample
9 sample 10 of
10 of 11 31
11 31 12 anti
11 31 27 aging
12 anti 14 aging
13 - 14 aging
14 aging 15 practitioners
14 aging 17 from
14 aging 26 -
15 practitioners 16 drawn
17 from 19 directory
18 the 19 directory
19 directory 20 of
20 of 23 academy
21 the 22 american
22 american 23 academy
23 academy 24 for
24 for 25 anti
27 aging 28 medicine

results : qualitative analysis [of] the transcripts demonstrate [that] practitioners ' descriptions of their goals [,] intentionally or unintentionally , mimic the dominant models of " successful aging . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
3 qualitative 4 analysis
4 analysis 7 transcripts
4 analysis 20 ,
6 the 7 transcripts
7 transcripts 20 ,
8 demonstrate 12 descriptions
8 demonstrate 18 or
8 demonstrate 20 ,
10 practitioners 11 '
11 ' 12 descriptions
12 descriptions 13 of
13 of 15 goals
14 their 15 goals
17 intentionally 18 or
18 or 19 unintentionally
20 , 21 mimic
21 mimic 24 models
22 the 24 models
23 dominant 24 models
24 models 25 of
25 of 26 "
25 of 28 aging
27 successful 28 aging
29 . 30 "

these include lowered risk of disease and disability , maintenance of high levels of mental and physical function , and continuing social engagement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 4 risk
3 lowered 4 risk
4 risk 5 of
5 of 7 and
6 disease 7 and
7 and 8 disability
9 , 20 and
10 maintenance 11 of
10 maintenance 20 and
11 of 13 levels
12 high 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 16 and
15 mental 16 and
16 and 18 function
17 physical 18 function
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 engagement
21 continuing 23 engagement
22 social 23 engagement

yet , the means and modes of achieving these goals differ markedly between the two groups , as do the messages that each group puts forth in defending their positions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 differ
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 5 and
3 the 4 means
4 means 5 and
5 and 6 modes
5 and 7 of
5 and 11 differ
7 of 8 achieving
8 achieving 10 goals
9 these 10 goals
11 differ 12 markedly
11 differ 13 between
11 differ 18 as
13 between 16 groups
14 the 15 two
15 two 16 groups
17 , 18 as
18 as 19 do
18 as 31 .
19 do 21 messages
20 the 21 messages
21 messages 22 that
21 messages 25 puts
22 that 24 group
22 that 25 puts
23 each 24 group
24 group 25 puts
25 puts 26 forth
25 puts 27 in
27 in 28 defending
28 defending 30 positions
29 their 30 positions

discussion : anti - aging practitioners ' adoption of the rhetoric of successful aging reflects the success of successful aging models in shaping popular conceptions of what aging is and an ethos of management and control over the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 anti
2 : 4 -
4 - 8 adoption
4 - 15 reflects
5 aging 6 practitioners
6 practitioners 7 '
7 ' 8 adoption
8 adoption 9 of
8 adoption 12 of
8 adoption 15 reflects
9 of 11 rhetoric
10 the 11 rhetoric
12 of 14 aging
13 successful 14 aging
15 reflects 35 and
15 reflects 37 over
16 the 17 success
17 success 18 of
17 success 26 of
17 success 30 and
18 of 21 models
19 successful 21 models
20 aging 21 models
21 models 22 in
22 in 23 shaping
23 shaping 25 conceptions
24 popular 25 conceptions
26 of 27 what
27 what 28 aging
27 what 29 is
28 aging 29 is
30 and 32 ethos
30 and 33 of
30 and 35 and
31 an 32 ethos
33 of 34 management
35 and 36 control
37 over 40 process
38 the 40 process
39 aging 40 process

the overlap between anti - aging and successful aging rhetoric also highlights some of the most problematic social , cultural , and economic consequences of efforts made to reconceptualize old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 overlap
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 highlights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 overlap
2 overlap 3 between
2 overlap 12 highlights
3 between 7 and
4 anti 5 -
4 anti 6 aging
6 aging 7 and
7 and 8 successful
7 and 9 aging
9 aging 10 rhetoric
9 aging 11 also
12 highlights 24 consequences
12 highlights 28 to
13 some 14 of
13 some 24 consequences
14 of 24 consequences
15 the 24 consequences
16 most 17 problematic
17 problematic 24 consequences
18 social 19 ,
19 , 20 cultural
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 economic
22 and 24 consequences
24 consequences 25 of
24 consequences 27 made
25 of 26 efforts
28 to 29 reconceptualize
29 reconceptualize 31 age
30 old 31 age

[none] predicting recovery following muscle injury can be difficult because it involves consideration of multiple factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 predicting 3 recovery
3 recovery 4 following
3 recovery 7 can
4 following 6 injury
5 muscle 6 injury
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 difficult
9 difficult 10 because
10 because 11 it
10 because 12 involves
11 it 12 involves
12 involves 13 consideration
13 consideration 14 of
14 of 16 factors
15 multiple 16 factors

our objective was to determine if psychological factors , sex , and peak pain and disability ratings could be predictive of delayed recovery following induced muscle injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 determine
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 6 if
5 determine 24 following
5 determine 25 induced
6 if 15 and
6 if 19 be
7 psychological 8 factors
8 factors 9 ,
9 , 10 sex
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 pain
12 and 15 and
13 peak 14 pain
15 and 17 ratings
15 and 18 could
16 disability 17 ratings
18 could 19 be
19 be 20 predictive
21 of 23 recovery
21 of 24 following
22 delayed 23 recovery
24 following 25 induced
25 induced 27 injury
26 muscle 27 injury

healthy untrained volunteers ( n=126 [;] m:f 51:75 ) underwent a concentric/eccentric isokinetic exercise protocol on their dominant shoulder to induce fatigue , with individuals who reported pain ( >0/10 ) at 96 h being classified as " [not] recovered " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 volunteers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 underwent
1 healthy 3 volunteers
2 untrained 3 volunteers
3 volunteers 7 m:f
3 volunteers 10 underwent
4 ( 7 m:f
5 n=126 7 m:f
7 m:f 8 51:75
7 m:f 9 )
10 underwent 15 protocol
10 underwent 16 on
10 underwent 20 to
11 a 12 concentric/eccentric
11 a 15 protocol
12 concentric/eccentric 14 exercise
13 isokinetic 14 exercise
14 exercise 15 protocol
16 on 19 shoulder
17 their 19 shoulder
18 dominant 19 shoulder
20 to 21 induce
21 induce 22 fatigue
21 induce 24 with
21 induce 32 at
23 , 24 with
24 with 25 individuals
24 with 31 )
25 individuals 26 who
25 individuals 27 reported
25 individuals 30 >0/10
26 who 27 reported
27 reported 28 pain
29 ( 30 >0/10
30 >0/10 31 )
32 at 35 being
33 96 34 h
34 h 35 being
35 being 36 classified
35 being 40 recovered
36 classified 37 as
37 as 38 "
37 as 40 recovered
40 recovered 41 "
40 recovered 42 .

individuals experiencing pain at 48 h were more likely not to be recovered [(] o.r.=1.62 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 individuals 2 experiencing
1 individuals 7 were
2 experiencing 3 pain
2 experiencing 4 at
4 at 6 h
5 48 6 h
7 were 9 likely
8 more 9 likely
9 likely 11 to
10 not 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 15 o.r.=1.62
13 recovered 15 o.r.=1.62
15 o.r.=1.62 17 p<0.001
16 , 17 p<0.001
17 p<0.001 18 )

additionally , individuals with higher scores in pain catastrophizing at 48 h were more likely to experience pain at 96 h ( o.r.=1.06 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 13 were
4 with 6 scores
5 higher 6 scores
6 scores 7 in
7 in 9 catastrophizing
8 pain 9 catastrophizing
9 catastrophizing 10 at
10 at 12 h
11 48 12 h
13 were 15 likely
14 more 15 likely
15 likely 16 to
15 likely 17 experience
16 to 17 experience
17 experience 18 pain
18 pain 19 at
18 pain 23 o.r.=1.06
18 pain 25 p<0.001
19 at 21 h
20 96 21 h
22 ( 23 o.r.=1.06
23 o.r.=1.06 24 ,
24 , 25 p<0.001
25 p<0.001 26 )

pain duration ( in days ) was associated with pain scores at 48 h [(] β=0.385 , p<0.001 ) and baseline anxiety ( β=0.220 , p=0.007 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 pain 2 duration
2 duration 4 in
2 duration 7 was
3 ( 4 in
4 in 5 days
4 in 6 )
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 20 and
10 pain 11 scores
11 scores 12 at
11 scores 20 and
12 at 16 β=0.385
13 48 14 h
14 h 16 β=0.385
16 β=0.385 18 p<0.001
17 , 18 p<0.001
18 p<0.001 19 )
20 and 22 anxiety
20 and 26 p=0.007
21 baseline 22 anxiety
23 ( 26 p=0.007
24 β=0.220 25 ,
24 β=0.220 26 p=0.007
26 p=0.007 27 )

fear of movement/re - injury at 96 h [was] found to be associated with pain catastrophizing at 48 h ( β=0.537 , p<0.001 ) and baseline levels of fear of pain ( β=0.217 , p=0.004 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 fear 2 of
1 fear 10 found
1 fear 25 and
2 of 5 injury
3 movement/re 4 -
3 movement/re 5 injury
5 injury 6 at
6 at 8 h
7 96 8 h
10 found 11 to
10 found 14 with
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 associated
14 with 16 catastrophizing
15 pain 16 catastrophizing
16 catastrophizing 17 at
16 catastrophizing 23 p<0.001
17 at 19 h
18 48 19 h
20 ( 23 p<0.001
21 β=0.537 22 ,
21 β=0.537 23 p<0.001
23 p<0.001 24 )
25 and 27 levels
25 and 28 of
25 and 35 p=0.004
26 baseline 27 levels
28 of 29 fear
29 fear 30 of
29 fear 33 β=0.217
30 of 31 pain
32 ( 33 β=0.217
33 β=0.217 34 ,
34 , 35 p=0.004
35 p=0.004 36 )

this study provides preliminary evidence that higher pain levels and pain catastrophizing following acute muscle injury are associated with poor recovery , higher fear of movement/re - injury and longer pain duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 evidence
3 provides 19 with
4 preliminary 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
5 evidence 18 associated
6 that 10 and
6 that 18 associated
7 higher 8 pain
8 pain 9 levels
9 levels 10 and
10 and 11 pain
10 and 12 catastrophizing
10 and 13 following
10 and 17 are
13 following 16 injury
14 acute 15 muscle
15 muscle 16 injury
17 are 18 associated
19 with 21 recovery
20 poor 21 recovery
22 , 32 duration
23 higher 31 pain
24 fear 25 of
24 fear 29 and
25 of 28 injury
26 movement/re 27 -
26 movement/re 28 injury
29 and 30 longer
29 and 31 pain
31 pain 32 duration

background and objective : renal disease is a common complication in hiv - infected patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objective
4 : 6 disease
4 : 7 is
4 : 13 -
5 renal 6 disease
6 disease 7 is
7 is 10 complication
8 a 9 common
8 a 10 complication
9 common 10 complication
10 complication 11 in
11 in 12 hiv
13 - 15 patients
13 - 16 .
14 infected 15 patients

the causes and spectrum [of] kidney disease among these patients is extensive , including hiv - related [and] hiv unrelated causes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 the 2 causes
2 causes 3 and
3 and 4 spectrum
3 and 7 disease
6 kidney 7 disease
7 disease 8 among
7 disease 11 is
8 among 10 patients
9 these 10 patients
11 is 12 extensive
12 extensive 14 including
13 , 14 including
14 including 15 hiv
14 including 16 -
16 - 17 related
17 related 21 causes
17 related 22 .
19 hiv 21 causes
20 unrelated 21 causes

our objective was to assess the changes in distribution of renal disease under antiretroviral therapy ( art ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 7 changes
5 assess 8 in
5 assess 13 under
6 the 7 changes
8 in 9 distribution
9 distribution 10 of
10 of 12 disease
11 renal 12 disease
13 under 15 therapy
14 antiretroviral 15 therapy
15 therapy 17 art
16 ( 17 art
17 art 18 )

patients and methods : retrospective analysis of all patients from the frankfurt hiv cohort ( fhc ) who underwent renal [biopsy] because of chronic , progressive renal disease between 1989 and 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 analysis
5 retrospective 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
6 analysis 18 who
6 analysis 19 underwent
6 analysis 20 renal
7 of 9 patients
8 all 9 patients
9 patients 10 from
9 patients 16 fhc
10 from 14 cohort
11 the 14 cohort
12 frankfurt 13 hiv
13 hiv 14 cohort
15 ( 16 fhc
16 fhc 17 )
18 who 19 underwent
20 renal 23 of
22 because 23 of
23 of 28 disease
24 chronic 25 ,
24 chronic 28 disease
26 progressive 28 disease
27 renal 28 disease
28 disease 29 between
29 between 31 and
30 1989 31 and
31 and 32 2012

two time periods were defined : 1989 - 2001 ( early period ) [and] 2000 - 2012 ( late [period] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 two 2 time
2 time 3 periods
2 time 5 defined
2 time 6 :
3 periods 4 were
4 were 5 defined
6 : 8 -
6 : 16 -
6 : 19 late
7 1989 8 -
8 - 9 2001
8 - 12 period
10 ( 12 period
11 early 12 period
12 period 13 )
15 2000 16 -
16 - 17 2012
18 ( 19 late
19 late 21 )

results : 69 hiv - infected patients , mostly caucasian and male , underwent [renal] [biopsy] ( early period : 22 patients , late period : 47 patients [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 )(
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 69
3 69 4 hiv
3 69 14 underwent
3 69 19 period
4 hiv 7 patients
4 hiv 11 and
4 hiv 14 underwent
5 - 7 patients
6 infected 7 patients
7 patients 8 ,
8 , 9 mostly
8 , 11 and
10 caucasian 11 and
11 and 12 male
11 and 13 ,
17 ( 19 period
18 early 19 period
19 period 20 :
20 : 22 patients
20 : 23 ,
21 22 22 patients
23 , 25 period
23 , 26 :
24 late 25 period
26 : 28 patients
27 47 28 patients

during the total observation time immuncomplex - mediated glomerulonephritis ( 26.1 % ) , hypertensive ( 20.3 % ) [and] diabetic nephropathy ( 20.3 % ) were the most frequent causes of chronic renal disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 glomerulonephritis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 during 5 time
1 during 9 glomerulonephritis
2 the 5 time
3 total 4 observation
4 observation 5 time
6 immuncomplex 7 -
6 immuncomplex 9 glomerulonephritis
8 mediated 9 glomerulonephritis
9 glomerulonephritis 12 %
9 glomerulonephritis 22 nephropathy
9 glomerulonephritis 27 were
10 ( 12 %
11 26.1 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 , 22 nephropathy
15 hypertensive 18 %
15 hypertensive 19 )
15 hypertensive 22 nephropathy
16 ( 18 %
17 20.3 18 %
18 % 19 )
21 diabetic 22 nephropathy
22 nephropathy 25 %
22 nephropathy 26 )
23 ( 25 %
24 20.3 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 were 31 causes
28 the 29 most
29 most 31 causes
30 frequent 31 causes
31 causes 32 of
32 of 35 disease
33 chronic 35 disease
34 renal 35 disease

hiv - associated renal diseases were predominant in the first period , whereas hypertensive and diabetic kidney disease accounted for almost 50 % of cases diagnosed in the late period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 hiv 2 -
1 hiv 5 diseases
3 associated 5 diseases
4 renal 5 diseases
5 diseases 6 were
6 were 7 predominant
6 were 13 whereas
7 predominant 8 in
8 in 11 period
9 the 10 first
9 the 11 period
12 , 13 whereas
13 whereas 18 disease
14 hypertensive 15 and
15 and 16 diabetic
15 and 17 kidney
17 kidney 18 disease
18 disease 20 for
19 accounted 20 for
20 for 23 %
21 almost 22 50
22 50 23 %
23 % 24 of
23 % 26 diagnosed
24 of 25 cases
26 diagnosed 27 in
27 in 30 period
28 the 30 period
29 late 30 period

other types of renal disease frequently encountered during the late period include renal aa - amyloidosis and tenofovir - related kidney disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 types
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
1 other 2 types
2 types 3 of
2 types 12 include
3 of 5 disease
4 renal 5 disease
5 disease 7 encountered
6 frequently 7 encountered
7 encountered 8 during
8 during 11 period
9 the 11 period
10 late 11 period
12 include 14 aa
13 renal 14 aa
14 aa 17 and
15 - 17 and
16 amyloidosis 17 and
17 and 18 tenofovir
17 and 19 -
19 - 20 related
20 related 22 disease
20 related 23 .
21 kidney 22 disease

conclusion : the underlying pathology of renal disease in hiv [-] infected patients is highly variable and evolving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 5 pathology
2 : 14 is
3 the 5 pathology
4 underlying 5 pathology
5 pathology 6 of
5 pathology 14 is
6 of 8 disease
7 renal 8 disease
8 disease 9 in
9 in 13 patients
10 hiv 12 infected
12 infected 13 patients
14 is 15 highly
14 is 17 and
16 variable 17 and
17 and 18 evolving

since the introduction of haart , renal disease not directly related to hiv has become the predominant cause , reflecting the growing burden of co - morbidities in this aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 become
1 since 3 introduction
1 since 6 ,
1 since 8 disease
2 the 3 introduction
3 introduction 4 of
4 of 5 haart
7 renal 8 disease
8 disease 9 not
8 disease 14 has
9 not 11 related
10 directly 11 related
11 related 12 to
12 to 13 hiv
14 has 15 become
15 become 18 cause
15 become 20 reflecting
16 the 18 cause
17 predominant 18 cause
19 , 20 reflecting
20 reflecting 23 burden
20 reflecting 32 .
21 the 23 burden
22 growing 23 burden
23 burden 24 of
24 of 27 morbidities
25 co 26 -
25 co 27 morbidities
27 morbidities 28 in
28 in 31 population
29 this 31 population
30 aging 31 population

proximal humerus fractures are among the most common fractures associated with osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 proximal 2 humerus
2 humerus 3 fractures
3 fractures 4 are
4 are 5 among
5 among 9 fractures
6 the 7 most
7 most 9 fractures
8 common 9 fractures
9 fractures 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 12 osteoporosis

with an aging population [,] incidence of these fractures will only increase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 with 6 incidence
1 with 9 fractures
2 an 6 incidence
3 aging 4 population
4 population 6 incidence
6 incidence 7 of
7 of 8 these
9 fractures 10 will
10 will 12 increase
11 only 12 increase

the proximal humerus not only forms the lateral portion of the shoulder articulation but also has significant associations with musculoskeletal and neurovascular structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 humerus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 humerus
2 proximal 3 humerus
3 humerus 15 also
4 not 5 only
5 only 15 also
6 forms 9 portion
6 forms 15 also
7 the 9 portion
8 lateral 9 portion
9 portion 10 of
10 of 13 articulation
11 the 13 articulation
12 shoulder 13 articulation
14 but 15 also
15 also 16 has
16 has 18 associations
16 has 19 with
17 significant 18 associations
19 with 23 structures
20 musculoskeletal 21 and
21 and 22 neurovascular
21 and 23 structures

as a result , fractures of the proximal humerus can significantly impact not only the function of the shoulder joint , but the health and function of the entire upper extremity as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 fractures
2 a 3 result
5 fractures 6 of
5 fractures 10 can
6 of 9 humerus
7 the 9 humerus
8 proximal 9 humerus
10 can 12 impact
11 significantly 12 impact
12 impact 22 but
12 impact 33 well
13 not 14 only
14 only 22 but
15 the 16 function
16 function 17 of
16 function 22 but
17 of 20 joint
18 the 20 joint
19 shoulder 20 joint
21 , 22 but
22 but 31 extremity
23 the 24 health
24 health 25 and
25 and 26 function
25 and 27 of
25 and 31 extremity
27 of 30 upper
28 the 30 upper
29 entire 30 upper
32 as 33 well

understanding of these fractures , the management options , and associated nursing care , can help reduce morbidity [rate] and improve functional outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 understanding 2 of
1 understanding 10 and
2 of 4 fractures
3 these 4 fractures
4 fractures 8 options
5 , 8 options
6 the 8 options
7 management 8 options
8 options 9 ,
10 and 12 nursing
10 and 13 care
11 associated 12 nursing
14 , 20 and
15 can 16 help
15 can 20 and
16 help 17 reduce
17 reduce 18 morbidity
20 and 21 improve
21 improve 23 outcomes
22 functional 23 outcomes

introduction : it is well known that the prevalence of atrial fibrillation ( af ) increases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 is
2 : 19 .
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 well
4 is 7 that
5 well 6 known
7 that 9 prevalence
7 that 16 increases
8 the 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
9 prevalence 16 increases
10 of 12 fibrillation
11 atrial 12 fibrillation
12 fibrillation 14 af
13 ( 14 af
14 af 15 )
16 increases 17 with
17 with 18 age

the purpose was to evaluate the impact of af at the 1 [-] year outcome of patients aged 80 ? who suffered from chronic heart failure ( chf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ?
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 18 aged
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 impact
5 evaluate 10 at
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
8 of 9 af
10 at 15 outcome
11 the 15 outcome
12 1 14 year
14 year 15 outcome
15 outcome 16 of
16 of 17 patients
18 aged 19 80
20 ? 21 who
20 ? 22 suffered
20 ? 30 .
21 who 22 suffered
22 suffered 23 from
23 from 26 failure
24 chronic 26 failure
25 heart 26 failure
26 failure 28 chf
27 ( 28 chf
28 chf 29 )

materials and methods : the study included 220 consecutive patients at age 80 – 92 ( mean 82.8 years , 45.5 % men ) hospitalized for heart failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 study
4 : 7 included
5 the 6 study
6 study 7 included
7 included 10 patients
8 220 10 patients
9 consecutive 10 patients
10 patients 11 at
11 at 12 age
12 age 13 80
12 age 15 92
14 – 15 92
15 92 17 mean
15 92 29 .
16 ( 17 mean
17 mean 18 82.8
17 mean 19 years
17 mean 25 hospitalized
17 mean 29 .
19 years 23 men
19 years 25 hospitalized
20 , 23 men
21 45.5 23 men
22 % 23 men
23 men 24 )
25 hospitalized 26 for
26 for 28 failure
27 heart 28 failure

the prospective analysis contains demographic and clinical data , basic laboratory tests with hstnt and nt - probnp , 12 - lead resting electrocardiogram , echocardiography and coronary angiography results and the number of deaths at the 1 - year followup . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 3 analysis
2 prospective 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 contains
4 contains 6 and
4 contains 8 data
5 demographic 6 and
6 and 7 clinical
9 , 12 tests
9 , 18 probnp
9 , 19 ,
10 basic 11 laboratory
11 laboratory 12 tests
12 tests 13 with
12 tests 18 probnp
13 with 15 and
14 hstnt 15 and
15 and 16 nt
15 and 17 -
19 , 20 12
19 , 21 -
19 , 25 ,
20 12 21 -
21 - 24 electrocardiogram
22 lead 24 electrocardiogram
23 resting 24 electrocardiogram
25 , 31 and
25 , 39 -
26 echocardiography 27 and
27 and 30 results
27 and 31 and
28 coronary 30 results
29 angiography 30 results
31 and 33 number
31 and 34 of
32 the 33 number
34 of 35 deaths
35 deaths 36 at
36 at 38 1
37 the 38 1
39 - 41 followup
40 year 41 followup

patients were analyzed depending on af in the resting electrocardiogram at hospital entry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 4 depending
2 were 5 on
2 were 7 in
2 were 11 at
3 analyzed 4 depending
5 on 6 af
7 in 10 electrocardiogram
8 the 10 electrocardiogram
9 resting 10 electrocardiogram
11 at 13 entry
12 hospital 13 entry

results : af was recorded in 52 patients ( 24 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 af
2 : 5 recorded
2 : 13 .
3 af 4 was
4 was 5 recorded
5 recorded 6 in
6 in 8 patients
7 52 8 patients
8 patients 11 %
9 ( 11 %
10 24 11 %
11 % 12 )

annual mortality was 13 % and was higher if af occurred [(] 17 % [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 )(
1 annual 2 mortality
2 mortality 6 and
3 was 5 %
3 was 6 and
4 13 5 %
6 and 7 was
6 and 14 %
7 was 8 higher
8 higher 9 if
9 if 10 af
9 if 11 occurred
10 af 11 occurred
13 17 14 %

however , there was no association between deaths and af ( p = 0.3297 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 association
5 no 6 association
6 association 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 deaths 9 and
9 and 10 af
10 af 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 p 13 =
13 = 14 0.3297
13 = 15 )

[from] the multivariate stepwise analysis , independent risk factors [for] annual mortality [were] male gender ( or [=] 3.432 [;] p = 0.043 ) , left [ventricular] systolic dimension ( or [=] 1.871 [;] p = 0.004 ) and dyslipidemia [(] or = 0.252 [;] p = 0.043 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
2 the 5 analysis
3 multivariate 5 analysis
4 stepwise 5 analysis
6 , 15 gender
7 independent 15 gender
8 risk 12 mortality
9 factors 11 annual
11 annual 12 mortality
12 mortality 15 gender
14 male 15 gender
15 gender 17 or
15 gender 26 left
16 ( 17 or
17 or 19 3.432
17 or 22 =
17 or 25 ,
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.043
22 = 24 )
26 left 29 dimension
28 systolic 29 dimension
29 dimension 39 and
30 ( 39 and
31 or 36 =
31 or 39 and
33 1.871 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.004
36 = 38 )
39 and 40 dyslipidemia
39 and 42 or
39 and 43 =
39 and 47 =
39 and 50 .
42 or 43 =
44 0.252 47 =
46 p 47 =
47 = 48 0.043
47 = 49 )

conclusions : in the oldest patients aged 80 ? who suffered from chf , the incidence of atrial fibrillation and annual mortality was high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ?
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 7 aged
3 in 6 patients
4 the 5 oldest
4 the 6 patients
7 aged 8 80
9 ? 10 who
9 ? 11 suffered
10 who 11 suffered
11 suffered 12 from
11 suffered 24 high
12 from 20 and
13 chf 14 ,
14 , 16 incidence
14 , 20 and
15 the 16 incidence
16 incidence 17 of
17 of 19 fibrillation
18 atrial 19 fibrillation
20 and 21 annual
20 and 22 mortality
20 and 23 was
22 mortality 23 was

the independent variables , which enhanced the risk of death at the 1 - [year] follow - up , were male sex and left [ventricular] systolic dimension , but not atrial fibrillation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 variables
2 independent 3 variables
3 variables 5 which
3 variables 16 follow
4 , 5 which
5 which 6 enhanced
5 which 14 -
6 enhanced 8 risk
7 the 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 10 death
10 death 11 at
11 at 13 1
12 the 13 1
16 follow 18 up
17 - 18 up
18 up 19 ,
19 , 28 ,
20 were 23 and
20 were 28 ,
21 male 22 sex
22 sex 23 and
23 and 27 dimension
24 left 27 dimension
26 systolic 27 dimension
28 , 30 not
29 but 30 not
30 not 32 fibrillation
31 atrial 32 fibrillation

background : the aging process is accompanied by physiological changes including reduced glomerular filtration and hepatic function , as well as changes in gastric secretions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 5 process
2 : 7 accompanied
3 the 5 process
4 aging 5 process
5 process 6 is
6 is 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
7 accompanied 21 as
8 by 10 changes
9 physiological 10 changes
10 changes 11 including
11 including 15 and
12 reduced 14 filtration
13 glomerular 14 filtration
14 filtration 15 and
15 and 17 function
15 and 18 ,
16 hepatic 17 function
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 22 changes
22 changes 23 in
23 in 25 secretions
24 gastric 25 secretions

to investigate what effect would [aging] have on the disposition of capecitabine and its metabolites , the pharmacokinetics between patients ≥70 years and < 60 years were compared in swog0030 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 3 what
2 investigate 8 on
3 what 4 effect
3 what 7 have
4 effect 5 would
5 would 7 have
8 on 13 and
9 the 10 disposition
10 disposition 11 of
10 disposition 13 and
11 of 12 capecitabine
13 and 15 metabolites
14 its 15 metabolites
16 , 18 pharmacokinetics
16 , 21 ≥70
16 , 23 and
17 the 18 pharmacokinetics
18 pharmacokinetics 19 between
18 pharmacokinetics 21 ≥70
19 between 20 patients
21 ≥70 22 years
23 and 26 years
23 and 28 compared
24 < 26 years
25 60 26 years
26 years 27 were
27 were 28 compared
28 compared 29 in
29 in 30 swog0030

methods : twenty - nine unresectable colorectal cancer patients were stratified to either ≥70 or < 60 years of age , where the disposition of capecitabine and its metabolites were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 patients
2 : 11 stratified
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 nine
4 - 9 patients
6 unresectable 9 patients
7 colorectal 8 cancer
8 cancer 9 patients
9 patients 10 were
10 were 11 stratified
11 stratified 12 to
11 stratified 22 where
12 to 15 or
13 either 14 ≥70
14 ≥70 15 or
15 or 18 years
15 or 21 ,
16 < 17 60
17 60 18 years
18 years 19 of
19 of 20 age
22 where 27 and
22 where 31 compared
23 the 24 disposition
24 disposition 25 of
24 disposition 27 and
25 of 26 capecitabine
27 and 29 metabolites
27 and 30 were
28 its 29 metabolites
30 were 31 compared
31 compared 32 .

results : notable increase in capecitabine area under the curve ( auc ) was accompanied by reduction in capecitabine clearance in ≥70 years patients ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 increase
2 : 28 .
3 notable 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
5 in 6 capecitabine
6 capecitabine 7 area
6 capecitabine 14 was
6 capecitabine 15 accompanied
7 area 8 under
7 area 12 auc
7 area 14 was
8 under 10 curve
9 the 10 curve
11 ( 12 auc
12 auc 13 )
15 accompanied 16 by
15 accompanied 18 in
15 accompanied 21 in
16 by 17 reduction
18 in 20 clearance
19 capecitabine 20 clearance
21 in 24 patients
22 ≥70 24 patients
23 years 24 patients
24 patients 26 p<0.05
25 ( 26 p<0.05
26 p<0.05 27 )

these results suggest that metabolic enzymes involved in converting capecitabine metabolites are not altered by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 enzymes
4 that 12 are
5 metabolic 6 enzymes
6 enzymes 7 involved
6 enzymes 8 in
6 enzymes 12 are
8 in 9 converting
9 converting 11 metabolites
10 capecitabine 11 metabolites
12 are 13 not
12 are 15 by
13 not 14 altered
15 by 16 age

an elevation in capecitabine cmax and reduction in clearance was seen in females , where capecitabine auc was 40.3 % higher in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elevation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 seen
1 an 2 elevation
2 elevation 3 in
2 elevation 10 was
3 in 6 and
4 capecitabine 5 cmax
5 cmax 6 and
6 and 7 reduction
6 and 8 in
8 in 9 clearance
10 was 11 seen
11 seen 12 in
12 in 13 females
13 females 15 where
14 , 15 where
15 where 17 auc
15 where 18 was
15 where 24 .
16 capecitabine 17 auc
17 auc 18 was
18 was 20 %
19 40.3 20 %
20 % 21 higher
21 higher 22 in
22 in 23 women

elevation of dfur cmax ( 45 % ) and auc ( 46 % ) ( p<0.05 ) was also noted , suggesting that cda activity may be higher in females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 auc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 noted
1 elevation 2 of
1 elevation 9 and
2 of 4 cmax
3 dfur 4 cmax
4 cmax 7 %
5 ( 7 %
6 45 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 and 10 auc
10 auc 13 %
10 auc 16 p<0.05
10 auc 18 was
11 ( 13 %
12 46 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 ( 16 p<0.05
16 p<0.05 17 )
18 was 20 noted
19 also 20 noted
20 noted 22 suggesting
21 , 22 suggesting
22 suggesting 23 that
22 suggesting 31 .
23 that 25 activity
23 that 27 be
24 cda 25 activity
25 activity 26 may
26 may 27 be
27 be 28 higher
28 higher 29 in
29 in 30 females

conclusion : increases in capecitabine cmax and auc was observed in patients ≥70 years when compared with younger patients who were >60 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 increases
3 increases 4 in
3 increases 10 observed
4 in 5 capecitabine
5 capecitabine 8 auc
5 capecitabine 9 was
6 cmax 7 and
7 and 8 auc
8 auc 9 was
10 observed 11 in
10 observed 15 when
11 in 14 years
12 patients 14 years
13 ≥70 14 years
15 when 16 compared
16 compared 17 with
17 with 19 patients
18 younger 19 patients
19 patients 20 who
19 patients 21 were
20 who 21 were
21 were 23 years
22 >60 23 years

background & aims : screening the population for colorectal cancer ( crc ) by colonoscopy could reduce the disease burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 background 2 &
2 & 3 aims
3 aims 4 :
4 : 5 screening
5 screening 7 population
5 screening 17 reduce
6 the 7 population
7 population 8 for
7 population 14 by
7 population 16 could
8 for 10 cancer
9 colorectal 10 cancer
10 cancer 12 crc
11 ( 12 crc
12 crc 13 )
14 by 15 colonoscopy
16 could 17 reduce
17 reduce 20 burden
18 the 20 burden
19 disease 20 burden

however , targeted screening of individuals at high risk could increase its cost effectiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 screening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 screening
3 targeted 4 screening
4 screening 5 of
4 screening 10 could
5 of 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 at
7 at 9 risk
8 high 9 risk
10 could 11 increase
11 increase 14 effectiveness
12 its 14 effectiveness
13 cost 14 effectiveness

methods : we developed a scoring system to identify individuals with at least 1 advanced adenoma , based on easy - to [-] collect risk factors among 7891 participants of the german screening colonoscopy program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 developed
3 we 4 developed
4 developed 7 system
5 a 7 system
6 scoring 7 system
7 system 8 to
7 system 19 on
7 system 20 easy
8 to 17 ,
9 identify 10 individuals
9 identify 17 ,
10 individuals 11 with
10 individuals 15 advanced
11 with 14 1
12 at 13 least
13 least 14 1
15 advanced 16 adenoma
17 , 18 based
17 , 19 on
20 easy 22 to
21 - 22 to
22 to 24 collect
22 to 36 .
24 collect 26 factors
24 collect 27 among
25 risk 26 factors
27 among 29 participants
28 7891 29 participants
29 participants 30 of
30 of 35 program
31 the 35 program
32 german 35 program
33 screening 34 colonoscopy
34 colonoscopy 35 program

the system was validated in an independent sample of 3519 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 system
2 system 3 was
3 was 4 validated
4 validated 5 in
5 in 8 sample
6 an 7 independent
6 an 8 sample
7 independent 8 sample
8 sample 9 of
9 of 11 participants
10 3519 11 participants

multiple logistic regression was used to develop the algorithm , and the regression coefficient - based scores were used to determine individual risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 develop
6 to 7 develop
7 develop 11 and
8 the 9 algorithm
9 algorithm 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 coefficient
12 the 14 coefficient
13 regression 14 coefficient
15 - 17 scores
15 - 19 used
16 based 17 scores
17 scores 18 were
18 were 19 used
19 used 20 to
19 used 21 determine
20 to 21 determine
21 determine 23 risks
22 individual 23 risks

relative risk and numbers of colonoscopies needed for detecting one or more advanced neoplasm [(] [s] ) were calculated for quintiles of the risk score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 relative 2 risk
2 risk 3 and
3 and 4 numbers
3 and 11 or
4 numbers 5 of
5 of 6 colonoscopies
6 colonoscopies 7 needed
6 colonoscopies 8 for
8 for 9 detecting
9 detecting 10 one
11 or 14 neoplasm
11 or 17 )
11 or 18 were
12 more 13 advanced
13 advanced 14 neoplasm
18 were 19 calculated
19 calculated 20 for
20 for 21 quintiles
21 quintiles 22 of
22 of 25 score
23 the 25 score
24 risk 25 score

the predictive ability of the scoring system was quantified by the area under the curve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 ability
2 predictive 3 ability
3 ability 4 of
3 ability 8 was
4 of 7 system
5 the 7 system
6 scoring 7 system
8 was 9 quantified
9 quantified 10 by
9 quantified 13 under
10 by 12 area
11 the 12 area
13 under 15 curve
14 the 15 curve

results : we identified 9 risk factors ( sex , age , first - degree relatives with a history of crc , cigarette smoking , alcohol consumption , red meat consumption , ever regular use [[] at least 2 times/wk for at least 1 [y] []] of nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs , previous colonoscopy , and previous detection of polyps ) that were associated significantly with risk of advanced neoplasms [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 14 -
3 we 4 identified
4 identified 7 factors
4 identified 13 first
5 9 7 factors
6 risk 7 factors
7 factors 9 sex
8 ( 9 sex
9 sex 11 age
9 sex 12 ,
10 , 11 age
11 age 12 ,
14 - 16 relatives
14 - 25 ,
15 degree 16 relatives
16 relatives 17 with
16 relatives 20 of
17 with 19 history
18 a 19 history
20 of 21 crc
21 crc 24 smoking
22 , 24 smoking
23 cigarette 24 smoking
24 smoking 25 ,
25 , 27 consumption
25 , 28 ,
26 alcohol 27 consumption
28 , 31 consumption
28 , 32 ,
29 red 31 consumption
30 meat 31 consumption
32 , 39 2
32 , 40 times/wk
33 ever 35 use
33 ever 39 2
34 regular 35 use
37 at 38 least
38 least 39 2
39 2 40 times/wk
40 times/wk 41 for
41 for 44 1
42 at 43 least
43 least 44 1
44 1 47 of
47 of 57 and
48 nonsteroidal 52 drugs
49 anti 50 -
49 anti 52 drugs
51 inflammatory 52 drugs
52 drugs 53 ,
53 , 55 colonoscopy
53 , 57 and
54 previous 55 colonoscopy
56 , 57 and
57 and 59 detection
57 and 62 )
57 and 63 that
57 and 64 were
58 previous 59 detection
59 detection 60 of
60 of 61 polyps
63 that 64 were
64 were 65 associated
65 associated 66 significantly
65 associated 67 with
67 with 68 risk
68 risk 69 of
69 of 71 neoplasms
70 advanced 71 neoplasms

the developed score was associated strongly with the presence of advanced neoplasms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 score
2 developed 3 score
3 score 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 strongly
5 associated 7 with
7 with 9 presence
8 the 9 presence
9 presence 10 of
10 of 12 neoplasms
11 advanced 12 neoplasms

in the validation sample , individuals in the highest quintile of scores had a relative risk for advanced neoplasm of 3.86 ( 95 % confidence interval [,] 2.71 - 5.49 ) , compared with individuals in the lowest quintile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 4 sample
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 individuals
2 the 4 sample
3 validation 4 sample
6 individuals 7 in
6 individuals 13 had
7 in 10 quintile
8 the 9 highest
8 the 10 quintile
10 quintile 11 of
11 of 12 scores
13 had 16 risk
14 a 15 relative
14 a 16 risk
15 relative 16 risk
16 risk 17 for
17 for 19 neoplasm
18 advanced 19 neoplasm
19 neoplasm 20 of
19 neoplasm 33 compared
20 of 21 3.86
21 3.86 26 interval
22 ( 26 interval
23 95 24 %
24 % 25 confidence
25 confidence 26 interval
26 interval 28 2.71
26 interval 30 5.49
26 interval 32 ,
29 - 30 5.49
30 5.49 31 )
33 compared 34 with
34 with 35 individuals
35 individuals 36 in
36 in 39 quintile
37 the 38 lowest
37 the 39 quintile

the number needed to screen to detect 1 [or] more advanced neoplasm ( [s] [ )(varied from 20 to 5 between quintiles of the risk score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 needed
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 needed
3 needed 4 to
3 needed 5 screen
4 to 5 screen
5 screen 6 to
5 screen 12 neoplasm
5 screen 16 )(varied
6 to 7 detect
7 detect 8 1
10 more 11 advanced
11 advanced 12 neoplasm
13 ( 16 )(varied
16 )(varied 19 to
16 )(varied 21 between
16 )(varied 27 .
17 from 19 to
18 20 19 to
19 to 20 5
21 between 22 quintiles
22 quintiles 23 of
23 of 26 score
24 the 26 score
25 risk 26 score

in the validation sample , the scoring system identified patients with crc or any advanced neoplasm with area under the curve values of 0.68 and 0.66 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
1 in 4 sample
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 system
2 the 4 sample
3 validation 4 sample
6 the 8 system
7 scoring 8 system
8 system 9 identified
9 identified 10 patients
9 identified 11 with
11 with 13 or
11 with 15 advanced
12 crc 13 or
13 or 14 any
15 advanced 16 neoplasm
16 neoplasm 17 with
16 neoplasm 19 under
16 neoplasm 28 respectively
17 with 18 area
19 under 22 values
20 the 22 values
21 curve 22 values
22 values 23 of
23 of 25 and
24 0.68 25 and
25 and 26 0.66
27 , 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 .

conclusions [:] we developed a scoring system , based on easy - to [-] collect risk factors , to identify individuals most likely to have advanced neoplasms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 neoplasms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusions 3 we
1 conclusions 10 on
1 conclusions 11 easy
1 conclusions 27 neoplasms
3 we 8 ,
4 developed 7 system
4 developed 8 ,
5 a 7 system
6 scoring 7 system
8 , 9 based
8 , 10 on
11 easy 13 to
11 easy 19 to
11 easy 26 advanced
12 - 13 to
13 to 15 collect
13 to 18 ,
15 collect 17 factors
16 risk 17 factors
19 to 20 identify
20 identify 21 individuals
21 individuals 23 likely
22 most 23 likely
23 likely 24 to
23 likely 26 advanced
24 to 25 have
25 have 26 advanced

this system might be used to stratify individuals for crc screening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 system
2 system 3 might
3 might 4 be
4 be 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 stratify
6 to 7 stratify
7 stratify 8 individuals
8 individuals 9 for
9 for 11 screening
10 crc 11 screening

apathy is associated with impaired neuropsychological functioning in individuals with hiv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 apathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 apathy 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 8 in
3 associated 10 with
4 with 7 functioning
5 impaired 7 functioning
6 neuropsychological 7 functioning
8 in 9 individuals
10 with 11 hiv

while cognitive reserve ( cr ) delays [neurocognitive] decline , cr 's relationship with apathy has never been studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 delays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 while 3 reserve
1 while 7 delays
2 cognitive 3 reserve
3 reserve 5 cr
4 ( 5 cr
5 cr 6 )
7 delays 9 decline
10 , 13 relationship
10 , 19 studied
11 cr 12 's
12 's 13 relationship
13 relationship 14 with
13 relationship 16 has
14 with 15 apathy
16 has 18 been
17 never 18 been
18 been 19 studied

we examined cr 's association with apathy in 116 hiv - positive individuals recruited from an urban aids center and assessed whether this relationship is moderated by age [and/or] disease severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 5 association
2 examined 6 with
2 examined 8 in
3 cr 4 's
4 's 5 association
6 with 7 apathy
8 in 10 hiv
9 116 10 hiv
11 - 13 individuals
12 positive 13 individuals
13 individuals 20 and
14 recruited 15 from
14 recruited 20 and
15 from 19 center
16 an 17 urban
16 an 19 center
17 urban 19 center
18 aids 19 center
20 and 21 assessed
20 and 31 severity
21 assessed 22 whether
22 whether 24 relationship
22 whether 26 moderated
23 this 24 relationship
24 relationship 25 is
25 is 26 moderated
26 moderated 27 by
27 by 28 age
30 disease 31 severity

participants completed the wechsler test of adult reading and apathy evaluation scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 participants 2 completed
2 completed 5 test
3 the 5 test
4 wechsler 5 test
5 test 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 adult 8 reading
8 reading 9 and
9 and 12 scale
10 apathy 11 evaluation
11 evaluation 12 scale

a cr - composite , combining years of education and word - reading ability , significantly predicted apathy ( t = - 2.37 , p = [.] 02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 a 2 cr
3 - 10 and
3 - 17 predicted
3 - 30 .
4 composite 5 ,
4 composite 7 years
6 combining 7 years
7 years 8 of
7 years 10 and
8 of 9 education
10 and 11 word
10 and 13 reading
12 - 13 reading
13 reading 14 ability
13 reading 15 ,
15 , 17 predicted
16 significantly 17 predicted
17 predicted 18 apathy
17 predicted 22 -
17 predicted 29 )
19 ( 22 -
20 t 21 =
21 = 22 -
22 - 23 2.37
22 - 29 )
23 2.37 26 =
24 , 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 28 02

cr 's relationship with apathy was not moderated by age , but participants with nadir cd4 levels ≤ 200 demonstrated a stronger association ( t = - 3.25 , p = [.] 002 ) than those with nadir cd4 levels > 200 ( t = - 0.61 , p = [.] 55 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 moderated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 cr 2 's
2 's 3 relationship
3 relationship 4 with
3 relationship 6 was
4 with 5 apathy
6 was 7 not
6 was 8 moderated
8 moderated 9 by
9 by 10 age
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 participants
12 but 18 ≤
13 participants 14 with
13 participants 18 ≤
14 with 17 levels
15 nadir 17 levels
16 cd4 17 levels
18 ≤ 50 =
19 200 20 demonstrated
20 demonstrated 23 association
20 demonstrated 35 than
20 demonstrated 37 with
21 a 23 association
22 stronger 23 association
23 association 27 -
23 association 31 =
24 ( 27 -
25 t 26 =
26 = 27 -
27 - 28 3.25
27 - 29 ,
29 , 31 =
30 p 31 =
31 = 33 002
31 = 34 )
35 than 36 those
37 with 40 levels
37 with 42 200
38 nadir 40 levels
39 cd4 40 levels
41 > 42 200
42 200 45 =
43 ( 45 =
44 t 45 =
45 = 46 -
46 - 47 0.61
46 - 50 =
48 , 50 =
49 p 50 =
50 = 52 55
50 = 53 )

these findings suggest a protective effect of cr against apathy in hiv - infected individuals across the age span , particularly after a certain threshold of disease severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 effect
3 suggest 9 against
3 suggest 11 in
3 suggest 21 particularly
4 a 5 protective
4 a 6 effect
5 protective 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 8 cr
9 against 10 apathy
11 in 12 hiv
12 hiv 15 individuals
13 - 15 individuals
14 infected 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 across
15 individuals 20 ,
16 across 19 span
17 the 19 span
18 age 19 span
21 particularly 22 after
22 after 25 threshold
23 a 24 certain
23 a 25 threshold
24 certain 25 threshold
25 threshold 26 of
26 of 28 severity
27 disease 28 severity

human ventral temporal cortex [(] vtc [ )(plays a pivotal role in high - level vision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vtc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 )(plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 human 6 vtc
2 ventral 6 vtc
3 temporal 6 vtc
4 cortex 6 vtc
6 vtc 8 )(plays
8 )(plays 11 role
8 )(plays 12 in
9 a 10 pivotal
9 a 11 role
10 pivotal 11 role
12 in 16 vision
13 high 14 -
13 high 15 level
15 level 16 vision

an [under] [-] studied macroanatomical feature of vtc is the mid - fusiform sulcus ( mfs ) , a shallow longitudinal sulcus separating the lateral and medial fusiform gyrus ( fg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 feature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 an 6 feature
4 studied 6 feature
5 macroanatomical 6 feature
6 feature 7 of
6 feature 9 is
7 of 8 vtc
9 is 14 sulcus
10 the 14 sulcus
11 mid 12 -
11 mid 14 sulcus
13 fusiform 14 sulcus
14 sulcus 16 mfs
14 sulcus 22 sulcus
15 ( 16 mfs
16 mfs 17 )
18 , 22 sulcus
19 a 20 shallow
19 a 22 sulcus
20 shallow 22 sulcus
21 longitudinal 22 sulcus
22 sulcus 23 separating
22 sulcus 31 fg
22 sulcus 32 )
23 separating 29 gyrus
24 the 29 gyrus
25 lateral 26 and
26 and 27 medial
26 and 29 gyrus
28 fusiform 29 gyrus
30 ( 31 fg
31 fg 32 )

here , we quantified the morphological features of the mfs in 69 subjects ( ages 7 - 40 ) , and investigated its relationship to both cytoarchitectonic and functional divisions of vtc with four main findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 21 and
4 quantified 7 features
4 quantified 17 -
4 quantified 21 and
5 the 7 features
6 morphological 7 features
7 features 8 of
7 features 11 in
8 of 10 mfs
9 the 10 mfs
11 in 13 subjects
12 69 13 subjects
14 ( 17 -
15 ages 16 7
15 ages 17 -
17 - 18 40
17 - 19 )
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 investigated
21 and 25 to
22 investigated 24 relationship
23 its 24 relationship
25 to 30 divisions
26 both 30 divisions
27 cytoarchitectonic 28 and
28 and 29 functional
28 and 30 divisions
30 divisions 31 of
31 of 32 vtc
32 vtc 33 with
33 with 36 findings
34 four 36 findings
35 main 36 findings

first , despite being a minor sulcus , we found that the mfs is a stable macroanatomical structure present in all 138 hemispheres with morphological characteristics developed by age 7 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 first 9 we
2 , 3 despite
3 despite 4 being
3 despite 8 ,
3 despite 9 we
4 being 7 sulcus
5 a 7 sulcus
6 minor 7 sulcus
9 we 10 found
10 found 11 that
11 that 13 mfs
11 that 27 developed
12 the 13 mfs
13 mfs 14 is
14 is 18 structure
15 a 16 stable
15 a 18 structure
16 stable 18 structure
17 macroanatomical 18 structure
18 structure 19 present
19 present 20 in
19 present 24 with
20 in 23 hemispheres
21 all 22 138
22 138 23 hemispheres
24 with 26 characteristics
24 with 27 developed
25 morphological 26 characteristics
27 developed 28 by
28 by 29 age
29 age 30 7

second , the mfs is the locus of a lateral - medial cytoarchitectonic transition within the posterior fg serving as the boundary between cytoarchitectonic regions fg1 and fg2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mfs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 4 mfs
3 the 4 mfs
4 mfs 5 is
5 is 7 locus
6 the 7 locus
7 locus 8 of
7 locus 19 serving
8 of 14 transition
9 a 10 lateral
9 a 14 transition
10 lateral 11 -
10 lateral 14 transition
12 medial 14 transition
13 cytoarchitectonic 14 transition
14 transition 15 within
15 within 18 fg
16 the 18 fg
17 posterior 18 fg
19 serving 20 as
19 serving 23 between
19 serving 27 and
20 as 22 boundary
21 the 22 boundary
23 between 25 regions
24 cytoarchitectonic 25 regions
26 fg1 27 and
27 and 28 fg2

third , the mfs predicts a lateral - medial functional transition in eccentricity bias representations in children , adolescents , and adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mfs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 third 2 ,
1 third 4 mfs
3 the 4 mfs
4 mfs 5 predicts
5 predicts 11 transition
5 predicts 12 in
5 predicts 16 in
6 a 7 lateral
6 a 11 transition
7 lateral 8 -
7 lateral 11 transition
9 medial 11 transition
10 functional 11 transition
12 in 15 representations
13 eccentricity 14 bias
14 bias 15 representations
16 in 21 and
17 children 18 ,
18 , 19 adolescents
18 , 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 adults

fourth , the anterior tip of the mfs predicts the location of a face - selective region , mfus - faces/ffa - 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 fourth 2 ,
1 fourth 5 tip
3 the 5 tip
4 anterior 5 tip
5 tip 6 of
5 tip 9 predicts
6 of 8 mfs
7 the 8 mfs
9 predicts 11 location
10 the 11 location
11 location 12 of
12 of 14 face
13 a 14 face
15 - 17 region
15 - 18 ,
15 - 21 faces/ffa
15 - 24 .
16 selective 17 region
18 , 19 mfus
18 , 20 -
20 - 21 faces/ffa
21 faces/ffa 23 2
22 - 23 2

these findings are the first to illustrate that a macroanatomical landmark identifies both cytoarchitectonic and functional divisions of high - level sensory [cortex] in humans and have important implications for understanding functional and structural organization in the human brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 5 first
3 are 8 that
4 the 5 first
5 first 6 to
5 first 7 illustrate
6 to 7 illustrate
8 that 11 landmark
8 that 27 have
9 a 11 landmark
10 macroanatomical 11 landmark
11 landmark 26 and
12 identifies 17 divisions
12 identifies 26 and
13 both 17 divisions
14 cytoarchitectonic 15 and
15 and 16 functional
15 and 17 divisions
17 divisions 18 of
18 of 21 level
19 high 20 -
19 high 21 level
21 level 22 sensory
22 sensory 24 in
24 in 25 humans
26 and 27 have
27 have 29 implications
27 have 30 for
27 have 36 in
28 important 29 implications
30 for 31 understanding
31 understanding 33 and
31 understanding 35 organization
32 functional 33 and
33 and 34 structural
36 in 39 brain
37 the 39 brain
38 human 39 brain

the mechanisms underlying aggregate formation in age - related neurodegenerative diseases remain not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 underlying
2 mechanisms 12 remain
3 underlying 5 formation
3 underlying 6 in
4 aggregate 5 formation
6 in 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 11 diseases
9 related 12 remain
10 neurodegenerative 11 diseases
13 not 14 well
13 not 15 understood
14 well 15 understood

here we investigated whether dual - specificity tyrosine - [(] y ) - phosphorylation - regulated kinase 1 [a] ( dyrk1a ) is involved in the formation [of] regulator of calcineurin 1 ( rcan1 ) aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
3 investigated 36 aggregates
4 whether 14 phosphorylation
4 whether 24 involved
5 dual 8 tyrosine
5 dual 13 -
5 dual 14 phosphorylation
6 - 8 tyrosine
7 specificity 8 tyrosine
8 tyrosine 11 y
8 tyrosine 12 )
9 - 11 y
11 y 12 )
14 phosphorylation 17 kinase
14 phosphorylation 23 is
15 - 17 kinase
16 regulated 17 kinase
17 kinase 18 1
17 kinase 21 dyrk1a
17 kinase 22 )
20 ( 21 dyrk1a
21 dyrk1a 22 )
23 is 24 involved
24 involved 25 in
25 in 29 regulator
26 the 29 regulator
27 formation 29 regulator
29 regulator 30 of
30 of 31 calcineurin
31 calcineurin 32 1
31 calcineurin 34 rcan1
33 ( 34 rcan1
34 rcan1 35 )

we show that rcan1 self - associates and forms multimers , and that this process is promoted by the dyrk1a - mediated phosphorylation of rcan1 at the thr ( 192 ) residue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 5 self
2 show 23 phosphorylation
2 show 26 at
3 that 5 self
4 rcan1 5 self
5 self 8 and
6 - 8 and
7 associates 8 and
8 and 9 forms
8 and 12 and
8 and 17 promoted
8 and 21 -
10 multimers 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 that
12 and 15 process
12 and 16 is
12 and 17 promoted
14 this 15 process
15 process 16 is
17 promoted 18 by
18 by 20 dyrk1a
19 the 20 dyrk1a
22 mediated 23 phosphorylation
23 phosphorylation 24 of
24 of 25 rcan1
26 at 32 residue
27 the 32 residue
28 thr 30 192
28 thr 32 residue
29 ( 30 192
30 192 31 )

transgenic mice that overexpress the dyrk1a exhibited lower levels of phospho - thr ( 192 ) - rcan1 in 10 [-] month - old - [group] compared to littermate controls , when analyzed with soluble hippocampus lysates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 transgenic 2 mice
2 mice 3 that
2 mice 4 overexpress
2 mice 7 exhibited
3 that 4 overexpress
4 overexpress 6 dyrk1a
5 the 6 dyrk1a
7 exhibited 9 levels
8 lower 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
9 levels 24 old
10 of 11 phospho
11 phospho 13 thr
11 phospho 18 rcan1
12 - 13 thr
13 thr 15 192
13 thr 16 )
14 ( 15 192
15 192 16 )
17 - 18 rcan1
18 rcan1 19 in
18 rcan1 23 -
19 in 22 month
20 10 22 month
24 old 27 compared
24 old 32 when
24 old 34 with
25 - 27 compared
27 compared 28 to
27 compared 31 ,
28 to 29 littermate
29 littermate 30 controls
32 when 33 analyzed
34 with 37 lysates
35 soluble 36 hippocampus
36 hippocampus 37 lysates

these results suggest that the phosphorylation of rcan1 by dyrk1a stimulates the formation of insoluble aggregates upon aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 phosphorylation
4 that 11 stimulates
5 the 6 phosphorylation
6 phosphorylation 7 of
6 phosphorylation 11 stimulates
7 of 8 rcan1
8 rcan1 9 by
9 by 10 dyrk1a
11 stimulates 13 formation
11 stimulates 17 upon
12 the 13 formation
13 formation 14 of
14 of 16 aggregates
15 insoluble 16 aggregates
17 upon 18 aging

background [:] there has been considerable interest [in] whether old age is associated with iga nephropathy ( igan ) progression , which is still controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 been
1 background 3 there
1 background 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 7 interest
5 been 9 whether
5 been 14 with
6 considerable 7 interest
9 whether 11 age
9 whether 13 associated
10 old 11 age
11 age 12 is
12 is 13 associated
14 with 15 iga
14 with 20 progression
16 nephropathy 18 igan
16 nephropathy 20 progression
17 ( 18 igan
18 igan 19 )
20 progression 22 which
21 , 22 which
22 which 23 is
22 which 26 .
23 is 24 still
23 is 25 controversial

methods : we searched multiple databases for studies published from 1980 to 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 searched
2 : 14 .
3 we 4 searched
4 searched 6 databases
5 multiple 6 databases
6 databases 7 for
6 databases 9 published
7 for 8 studies
9 published 12 to
10 from 12 to
11 1980 12 to
12 to 13 2012

the inclusion criteria were case [-] control , cohort studies published in any language . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
1 the 3 criteria
2 inclusion 3 criteria
3 criteria 4 were
4 were 7 control
5 case 7 control
7 control 10 studies
8 , 10 studies
9 cohort 10 studies
10 studies 11 published
10 studies 15 .
11 published 12 in
12 in 14 language
13 any 14 language

the included studies needed to have an older group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 studies
2 included 3 studies
3 studies 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 6 have
5 to 6 have
6 have 9 group
7 an 9 group
8 older 9 group

igan was proven [by] [biopsy] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 igan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 igan 2 was
2 was 3 proven

results : we included 9 studies with a total of 6,543 patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 included
2 : 13 .
3 we 4 included
4 included 6 studies
4 included 7 with
5 9 6 studies
7 with 9 total
8 a 9 total
9 total 10 of
10 of 12 patients
11 6,543 12 patients

the meta - analyses [of] [other] risk factors between the older group ( >50 years old ) and the [non] [-] older group ( 15 - 50 years old ) [found] significant differences in the presence of hypertension , proteinuria , serum cholesterol levels and baseline renal function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 risk
1 the 4 analyses
2 meta 3 -
2 meta 4 analyses
4 analyses 7 risk
7 risk 18 and
8 factors 9 between
8 factors 18 and
9 between 12 group
10 the 12 group
11 older 12 group
12 group 14 >50
13 ( 14 >50
14 >50 16 old
14 >50 17 )
15 years 16 old
18 and 23 group
18 and 26 -
19 the 23 group
22 older 23 group
24 ( 26 -
25 15 26 -
26 - 33 differences
27 50 33 differences
28 years 33 differences
29 old 30 )
29 old 33 differences
32 significant 33 differences
33 differences 34 in
33 differences 45 and
34 in 36 presence
35 the 36 presence
36 presence 37 of
37 of 38 hypertension
38 hypertension 40 proteinuria
39 , 40 proteinuria
40 proteinuria 41 ,
41 , 45 and
42 serum 44 levels
43 cholesterol 44 levels
44 levels 45 and
45 and 48 function
45 and 49 .
46 baseline 48 function
47 renal 48 function

in the subgroup analyses , we found the age limit and traditional risk factors of igan may be the sources of heterogeneity between studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 analyses
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 analyses
3 subgroup 4 analyses
6 we 7 found
7 found 11 and
7 found 14 factors
7 found 18 be
8 the 10 limit
9 age 10 limit
10 limit 11 and
11 and 12 traditional
13 risk 14 factors
14 factors 15 of
14 factors 17 may
15 of 16 igan
17 may 18 be
18 be 20 sources
19 the 20 sources
20 sources 21 of
21 of 22 heterogeneity
22 heterogeneity 23 between
23 between 24 studies

moreover , the rr [(] 2.56 [ )( [the] asian [countries] was much higher than the [rr] [(] 1.11 [ )(of the european countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 asian
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 10 asian
3 the 10 asian
4 rr 10 asian
6 2.56 10 asian
10 asian 12 was
12 was 14 higher
13 much 14 higher
14 higher 15 than
15 than 19 1.11
16 the 19 1.11
19 1.11 21 )(of
21 )(of 24 countries
22 the 24 countries
23 european 24 countries

conclusions : this comprehensive review revealed that old age is a real risk factor for igan progression to esrd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 age
2 : 10 is
2 : 20 .
3 this 9 age
4 comprehensive 5 review
5 review 6 revealed
6 revealed 9 age
7 that 8 old
8 old 9 age
9 age 10 is
10 is 14 factor
11 a 12 real
11 a 14 factor
12 real 14 factor
13 risk 14 factor
14 factor 15 for
15 for 17 progression
16 igan 17 progression
17 progression 18 to
18 to 19 esrd

the incidence of esrd in the older igan patients was 1.95 times higher than that in the [non] [-] older igan patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 10 was
3 of 4 esrd
4 esrd 5 in
5 in 9 patients
6 the 9 patients
7 older 9 patients
8 igan 9 patients
10 was 12 times
11 1.95 12 times
12 times 13 higher
13 higher 14 than
13 higher 16 in
14 than 15 that
16 in 22 patients
17 the 22 patients
20 older 22 patients
21 igan 22 patients

moreover , the risk of igan progression to esrd of the older patients in asia was higher than that of the older patients in europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 risk
3 the 4 risk
4 risk 5 of
4 risk 16 was
5 of 7 progression
6 igan 7 progression
7 progression 8 to
8 to 9 esrd
9 esrd 10 of
10 of 13 patients
11 the 13 patients
12 older 13 patients
13 patients 14 in
14 in 15 asia
16 was 17 higher
17 higher 18 than
17 higher 24 in
18 than 19 that
18 than 20 of
20 of 23 patients
21 the 23 patients
22 older 23 patients
24 in 25 europe

background context : previous studies reported that the erector spinae muscle is more resistant to fatigue in healthy adult women than in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 fatigue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 background 2 context
3 : 5 studies
3 : 6 reported
4 previous 5 studies
5 studies 6 reported
6 reported 7 that
7 that 11 muscle
7 that 12 is
8 the 11 muscle
9 erector 11 muscle
10 spinae 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 is
12 is 13 more
12 is 14 resistant
14 resistant 15 to
14 resistant 16 fatigue
15 to 16 fatigue
16 fatigue 17 in
16 fatigue 21 than
17 in 20 women
18 healthy 19 adult
19 adult 20 women
21 than 22 in
22 in 23 men

however , no study has reported changes in back muscle fatigue with aging in healthy men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 study
3 no 4 study
4 study 5 has
5 has 6 reported
6 reported 7 changes
6 reported 10 muscle
7 changes 9 back
7 changes 10 muscle
8 in 9 back
10 muscle 11 fatigue
10 muscle 12 with
12 with 13 aging
13 aging 14 in
14 in 17 and
15 healthy 16 men
16 men 17 and
17 and 18 women

purpose : the aim of this study was to evaluate age - related changes in muscle fatigue of erector spinae muscle in men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 evaluate
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 evaluate
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 changes
13 related 15 in
13 related 22 in
15 in 17 fatigue
16 muscle 17 fatigue
17 fatigue 18 of
18 of 21 muscle
19 erector 21 muscle
20 spinae 21 muscle
22 in 24 and
23 men 24 and
24 and 25 women

study design/setting : this cross - sectional study was conducted in a laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design/setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 study 2 design/setting
2 design/setting 3 :
3 : 5 cross
4 this 5 cross
6 - 8 study
6 - 10 conducted
6 - 14 .
7 sectional 8 study
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 conducted
10 conducted 11 in
11 in 13 laboratory
12 a 13 laboratory

patient sample : fifty - three healthy subjects ( 11 elderly men , 11 elderly women , 17 young men , and 14 young women ) without low back pain history . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 patient 2 sample
2 sample 3 :
3 : 8 subjects
3 : 27 without
4 fifty 5 -
5 - 6 three
5 - 8 subjects
7 healthy 8 subjects
8 subjects 12 men
8 subjects 22 and
9 ( 12 men
10 11 12 men
11 elderly 12 men
12 men 13 ,
13 , 22 and
14 11 16 women
15 elderly 16 women
16 women 17 ,
17 , 20 men
17 , 22 and
18 17 20 men
19 young 20 men
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 women
22 and 26 )
23 14 25 women
24 young 25 women
27 without 31 history
28 low 31 history
29 back 31 history
30 pain 31 history

outcome measures : the median frequency ( mf [ )(and mean power frequency ( mpf ) during trunk holding [test] [were] derived from the raw electromyographic ( emg ) signal using fast fourier transform spectrum analysis program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 outcome 2 measures
2 measures 3 :
3 : 6 frequency
3 : 17 during
3 : 23 from
4 the 6 frequency
5 median 6 frequency
6 frequency 10 )(and
7 ( 10 )(and
8 mf 10 )(and
10 )(and 13 frequency
10 )(and 15 mpf
10 )(and 16 )
11 mean 13 frequency
12 power 13 frequency
14 ( 15 mpf
15 mpf 16 )
17 during 19 holding
18 trunk 19 holding
19 holding 22 derived
23 from 37 program
24 the 37 program
25 raw 37 program
26 electromyographic 28 emg
26 electromyographic 30 signal
27 ( 28 emg
28 emg 29 )
30 signal 35 spectrum
31 using 35 spectrum
32 fast 33 fourier
33 fourier 34 transform
34 transform 35 spectrum
35 spectrum 37 program
36 analysis 37 program

the rates of changes in mf and mpf were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 rates
2 rates 3 of
2 rates 9 were
3 of 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
5 in 7 and
6 mf 7 and
7 and 8 mpf
9 were 10 calculated

methods : subjects performed the unsupported trunk holding test until exhaustion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 subjects
2 : 4 performed
2 : 12 .
3 subjects 4 performed
4 performed 9 test
4 performed 10 until
5 the 9 test
6 unsupported 7 trunk
7 trunk 9 test
8 holding 9 test
10 until 11 exhaustion

the results of power spectral analysis of the emg activity of the left erector spinae muscle were compared in both age groups and sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 17 were
3 of 6 analysis
4 power 6 analysis
5 spectral 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
6 analysis 11 of
7 of 10 activity
8 the 10 activity
9 emg 10 activity
11 of 16 muscle
12 the 16 muscle
13 left 14 erector
14 erector 16 muscle
15 spinae 16 muscle
17 were 18 compared
18 compared 19 in
19 in 23 and
20 both 22 groups
21 age 22 groups
22 groups 23 and
23 and 24 sexes

results : the endurance time in young men was significantly shorter than in young women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 time
2 : 9 was
2 : 16 .
3 the 5 time
4 endurance 5 time
5 time 6 in
5 time 9 was
6 in 8 men
7 young 8 men
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 shorter
11 shorter 12 than
12 than 13 in
13 in 15 women
14 young 15 women

the slopes of mf and mpf in young men were significantly higher than in young women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 slopes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 slopes
2 slopes 3 of
2 slopes 10 were
3 of 5 and
4 mf 5 and
5 and 6 mpf
5 and 7 in
7 in 9 men
8 young 9 men
10 were 11 significantly
10 were 12 higher
12 higher 13 than
13 than 14 in
14 in 16 women
15 young 16 women

there were no significant differences in mf and mpf slopes of elderly men and elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 11 of
6 in 8 and
7 mf 8 and
8 and 10 slopes
9 mpf 10 slopes
11 of 14 and
12 elderly 13 men
13 men 14 and
14 and 16 women
15 elderly 16 women

furthermore , the mf and mpf slopes were significantly lower in elderly men than young men but similar in the two women groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mpf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 mpf
3 the 6 mpf
4 mf 5 and
5 and 6 mpf
6 mpf 7 slopes
6 mpf 17 but
6 mpf 18 similar
6 mpf 23 groups
7 slopes 8 were
8 were 10 lower
9 significantly 10 lower
10 lower 11 in
10 lower 14 than
10 lower 17 but
11 in 13 men
12 elderly 13 men
14 than 16 men
15 young 16 men
18 similar 19 in
19 in 22 women
20 the 21 two
21 two 22 women

conclusions : age - related changes in the slopes of mf and mpf of erector spinae muscle occur in healthy men but not in healthy women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 6 changes
2 : 18 occur
3 age 4 -
3 age 6 changes
5 related 6 changes
6 changes 7 in
6 changes 10 of
6 changes 18 occur
7 in 9 slopes
8 the 9 slopes
10 of 13 mpf
11 mf 12 and
12 and 13 mpf
13 mpf 14 of
14 of 17 muscle
15 erector 17 muscle
16 spinae 17 muscle
18 occur 22 but
19 in 21 men
19 in 22 but
20 healthy 21 men
22 but 23 not
22 but 24 in
24 in 26 women
25 healthy 26 women

allium cepa linn is commonly used as supplementary folk remedy [for] cancer therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cepa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 allium 2 cepa
2 cepa 3 linn
2 cepa 4 is
2 cepa 6 used
3 linn 4 is
4 is 5 commonly
6 used 13 therapy
7 as 8 supplementary
8 supplementary 9 folk
9 folk 13 therapy
10 remedy 13 therapy
12 cancer 13 therapy

evidence suggests that allium extracts have anti - cancer properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 evidence 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 5 extracts
3 that 6 have
4 allium 5 extracts
5 extracts 6 have
6 have 10 properties
7 anti 8 -
7 anti 9 cancer
9 cancer 10 properties

however , the mechanisms of the anti - cancer activity of [a] [.] cepa linn are not fully elucidated in human cancer cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mechanisms
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 of
4 mechanisms 16 are
5 of 10 activity
6 the 10 activity
7 anti 8 -
7 anti 9 cancer
9 cancer 10 activity
10 activity 11 of
11 of 15 linn
14 cepa 15 linn
16 are 17 not
16 are 19 elucidated
18 fully 19 elucidated
19 elucidated 20 in
20 in 23 cells
21 human 22 cancer
22 cancer 23 cells

in this study , we investigated anti - cancer effects of polyphenols extracted from [lyophilized] a . cepa linn ( peal ) in human leukemia cells and their mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 cepa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 10 effects
7 anti 8 -
7 anti 9 cancer
9 cancer 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
10 effects 13 extracted
11 of 12 polyphenols
13 extracted 14 from
14 from 16 a
17 . 18 cepa
18 cepa 21 peal
18 cepa 23 in
19 linn 21 peal
20 ( 21 peal
21 peal 22 )
23 in 27 and
24 human 25 leukemia
25 leukemia 26 cells
26 cells 27 and
27 and 29 mechanisms
28 their 29 mechanisms

peal inhibited cancer cell growth by inducing caspase - dependent apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 peal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 peal 2 inhibited
2 inhibited 5 growth
2 inhibited 6 by
3 cancer 5 growth
4 cell 5 growth
6 by 7 inducing
7 inducing 8 caspase
9 - 11 apoptosis
9 - 12 .
10 dependent 11 apoptosis

the apoptosis [was] suppressed by caspase 8 and 9 inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 apoptosis
2 apoptosis 4 suppressed
2 apoptosis 8 and
4 suppressed 5 by
5 by 6 caspase
6 caspase 7 8
8 and 10 inhibitors
9 9 10 inhibitors

peal also up - regulated tnf - related apoptosis - inducing [ligand] ( trail ) receptor dr5 and down - regulated survivin and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 ( ciap - 1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 peal 16 receptor
2 also 3 up
3 up 6 tnf
3 up 16 receptor
4 - 6 tnf
5 regulated 6 tnf
6 tnf 10 -
6 tnf 15 )
7 - 10 -
8 related 9 apoptosis
9 apoptosis 10 -
10 - 11 inducing
10 - 15 )
11 inducing 14 trail
13 ( 14 trail
14 trail 15 )
16 receptor 17 dr5
17 dr5 18 and
18 and 22 survivin
18 and 23 and
19 down 20 -
19 down 22 survivin
21 regulated 22 survivin
23 and 25 inhibitor
23 and 26 of
23 and 32 1
24 cellular 25 inhibitor
26 of 27 apoptosis
27 apoptosis 28 1
27 apoptosis 30 ciap
29 ( 30 ciap
30 ciap 31 -
31 - 32 1
32 1 33 )

we confirmed these findings in other leukemic cells ( thp - 1 , k562 cells ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 confirmed
2 confirmed 4 findings
2 confirmed 5 in
3 these 4 findings
5 in 8 cells
6 other 8 cells
7 leukemic 8 cells
8 cells 10 thp
8 cells 15 cells
9 ( 10 thp
10 thp 12 1
10 thp 13 ,
11 - 12 1
12 1 13 ,
13 , 15 cells
14 k562 15 cells
15 cells 16 )

in addition , peal suppressed akt activity and the peal - induced apoptosis [was] significantly attenuated in akt - overexpressing u937 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 peal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suppressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 peal
4 peal 5 suppressed
5 suppressed 8 and
6 akt 7 activity
7 activity 8 and
8 and 10 peal
8 and 13 apoptosis
9 the 10 peal
11 - 13 apoptosis
12 induced 13 apoptosis
13 apoptosis 16 attenuated
13 apoptosis 19 -
15 significantly 16 attenuated
16 attenuated 17 in
17 in 18 akt
19 - 22 cells
20 overexpressing 22 cells
21 u937 22 cells

in conclusion , our data suggested that peal induced caspase - dependent apoptosis in several human leukemic cells including u937 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 data
3 , 6 suggested
3 , 11 -
4 our 5 data
5 data 6 suggested
6 suggested 7 that
7 that 8 peal
7 that 9 induced
8 peal 9 induced
9 induced 10 caspase
11 - 13 apoptosis
12 dependent 13 apoptosis
13 apoptosis 14 in
14 in 18 cells
15 several 18 cells
16 human 18 cells
17 leukemic 18 cells
18 cells 19 including
19 including 21 cells
20 u937 21 cells

the apoptosis [was] triggered through extrinsic pathway [by] up - regulating dr5 modulating as well as through intrinsic pathway [by] modulating iap family members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 apoptosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 triggered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 apoptosis
2 apoptosis 4 triggered
4 triggered 13 modulating
5 through 7 pathway
6 extrinsic 7 pathway
7 pathway 13 modulating
9 up 10 -
9 up 13 modulating
11 regulating 13 modulating
12 dr5 13 modulating
13 modulating 16 as
14 as 15 well
15 well 16 as
16 as 24 members
17 through 19 pathway
18 intrinsic 19 pathway
19 pathway 23 family
21 modulating 23 family
22 iap 23 family
23 family 24 members

in addition , peal induces caspase [-] dependent apoptosis at least in part through the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase [(] pi3k )/akt signaling pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 peal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 peal
4 peal 5 induces
5 induces 9 apoptosis
5 induces 11 least
5 induces 13 part
6 caspase 9 apoptosis
8 dependent 9 apoptosis
10 at 11 least
12 in 13 part
13 part 14 through
14 through 16 inhibition
15 the 16 inhibition
16 inhibition 17 of
17 of 18 phosphatidylinositol
18 phosphatidylinositol 19 3
19 3 20 -
20 - 26 pathway
21 kinase 26 pathway
23 pi3k 26 pathway
24 )/akt 26 pathway
25 signaling 26 pathway

this study provides evidence that peal might be useful for the treatment of leukemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 6 peal
5 that 8 be
6 peal 7 might
7 might 8 be
8 be 9 useful
9 useful 10 for
10 for 12 treatment
11 the 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 of
13 of 14 leukemia

background : alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is characterized pathologically by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 disease
2 : 10 characterized
3 alzheimer 4 's
4 's 5 disease
5 disease 7 ad
5 disease 9 is
6 ( 7 ad
7 ad 8 )
9 is 10 characterized
10 characterized 11 pathologically
10 characterized 12 by
10 characterized 21 in
12 by 14 presence
13 the 14 presence
14 presence 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 amyloid 17 plaques
17 plaques 18 and
18 and 20 tangles
19 neurofibrillary 20 tangles
21 in 23 brain
22 the 23 brain

[while] once considered immunologically privileged due to the blood - brain [barrier] , it is now understood that the glial cells of the brain are capable of complex inflammatory responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 once 3 considered
3 considered 4 immunologically
3 considered 5 privileged
3 considered 13 ,
3 considered 14 it
5 privileged 7 to
6 due 7 to
7 to 9 blood
8 the 9 blood
9 blood 11 brain
10 - 11 brain
11 brain 13 ,
14 it 15 is
15 is 16 now
15 is 17 understood
17 understood 18 that
18 that 21 cells
18 that 25 are
19 the 21 cells
20 glial 21 cells
21 cells 22 of
21 cells 25 are
22 of 24 brain
23 the 24 brain
25 are 26 capable
26 capable 27 of
27 of 30 responses
28 complex 30 responses
29 inflammatory 30 responses

objective : the goal of the study is to assess the neuroinflammatory state of the early and late ad brain using the macrophage categorizations of m1 , m2a , m2b and m2c . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 goal
2 : 8 is
3 the 4 goal
4 goal 5 of
4 goal 8 is
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 is 9 to
8 is 21 using
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 13 state
11 the 13 state
12 neuroinflammatory 13 state
13 state 14 of
14 of 20 brain
15 the 20 brain
16 early 17 and
17 and 18 late
17 and 20 brain
19 ad 20 brain
21 using 24 categorizations
22 the 24 categorizations
23 macrophage 24 categorizations
24 categorizations 25 of
25 of 31 and
26 m1 27 ,
27 , 28 m2a
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 m2b
29 , 31 and
31 and 32 m2c

methods : we used quantitative real - time rt - pcr to assess a number of inflammatory markers in the frontal cortex and cerebellar tissue from early and late ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 11 pcr
2 : 12 to
3 we 8 time
4 used 8 time
5 quantitative 8 time
6 real 7 -
6 real 8 time
8 time 11 pcr
9 rt 11 pcr
10 - 11 pcr
12 to 13 assess
13 assess 18 markers
13 assess 19 in
13 assess 26 from
14 a 15 number
15 number 16 of
15 number 18 markers
16 of 18 markers
17 inflammatory 18 markers
19 in 23 and
20 the 22 cortex
21 frontal 22 cortex
22 cortex 23 and
23 and 25 tissue
24 cerebellar 25 tissue
26 from 31 patients
27 early 28 and
28 and 29 late
28 and 31 patients
30 ad 31 patients

we then used neuropathological and clinical outcomes to determine whether there were any correlations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 3 used
2 then 3 used
3 used 7 outcomes
3 used 8 to
3 used 9 determine
4 neuropathological 5 and
5 and 6 clinical
5 and 7 outcomes
8 to 9 determine
9 determine 10 whether
10 whether 11 there
10 whether 12 were
11 there 12 were
12 were 14 correlations
13 any 14 correlations

results : we found that the ad brain is capable of generating all macrophage - like responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 generating
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
4 found 7 ad
6 the 7 ad
7 ad 8 brain
7 ad 12 generating
8 brain 9 is
9 is 10 capable
10 capable 11 of
11 of 12 generating
12 generating 14 macrophage
13 all 14 macrophage
14 macrophage 16 like
15 - 16 like
16 like 17 responses
16 like 18 .

in addition , we found that early ad is distinct from late ad with respect to the inflammatory profiles expressed in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 found
5 found 7 early
5 found 8 ad
5 found 9 is
6 that 7 early
8 ad 9 is
9 is 10 distinct
10 distinct 11 from
10 distinct 16 to
11 from 13 ad
12 late 13 ad
13 ad 14 with
14 with 15 respect
16 to 19 profiles
17 the 19 profiles
18 inflammatory 19 profiles
19 profiles 20 expressed
20 expressed 21 in
21 in 23 brain
22 the 23 brain

most interestingly , however , we found that the early ad samples were biased to one of two [phenotypes] , m1 or m2a . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 most 2 interestingly
2 interestingly 3 ,
2 interestingly 6 we
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 we
6 we 7 found
7 found 8 that
8 that 12 samples
8 that 14 biased
9 the 12 samples
10 early 12 samples
11 ad 12 samples
12 samples 13 were
13 were 14 biased
14 biased 15 to
15 to 22 or
16 one 17 of
16 one 20 ,
17 of 18 two
20 , 21 m1
20 , 22 or
22 or 23 m2a

conclusion : heterogeneity in the neuroinflammatory state of the early ad brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 heterogeneity
3 heterogeneity 4 in
4 in 7 state
5 the 7 state
6 neuroinflammatory 7 state
7 state 8 of
8 of 12 brain
9 the 12 brain
10 early 12 brain
11 ad 12 brain

a major criticism of the " overkill " theory for the late pleistocene extinction in the americas has been the seeming implausibility of a relatively small number of humans selectively killing off millions of large - bodied mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 criticism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 2 major
1 a 3 criticism
2 major 3 criticism
3 criticism 4 of
3 criticism 18 has
4 of 9 theory
5 the 6 "
5 the 9 theory
7 overkill 8 "
7 overkill 9 theory
9 theory 10 for
9 theory 15 in
10 for 14 extinction
11 the 14 extinction
12 late 14 extinction
13 pleistocene 14 extinction
15 in 17 americas
16 the 17 americas
18 has 19 been
19 been 22 implausibility
20 the 22 implausibility
21 seeming 22 implausibility
22 implausibility 23 of
22 implausibility 31 killing
23 of 27 number
24 a 25 relatively
24 a 27 number
25 relatively 26 small
26 small 27 number
27 number 28 of
28 of 29 humans
30 selectively 31 killing
31 killing 32 off
32 off 38 mammals
33 millions 34 of
33 millions 38 mammals
34 of 38 mammals
35 large 36 -
35 large 38 mammals
37 bodied 38 mammals

critics argue that early paleoindian hunters had to be extremely selective to have produced the highly [size] [-] biased extinction pattern characteristic of this event . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 critics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 critics 2 argue
2 argue 6 hunters
2 argue 7 had
3 that 4 early
4 early 6 hunters
5 paleoindian 6 hunters
6 hunters 7 had
7 had 8 to
7 had 14 produced
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 selective
10 extremely 11 selective
11 selective 12 to
11 selective 14 produced
12 to 13 have
13 have 14 produced
14 produced 22 characteristic
15 the 22 characteristic
16 highly 19 biased
19 biased 22 characteristic
20 extinction 21 pattern
21 pattern 22 characteristic
22 characteristic 23 of
23 of 25 event
24 this 25 event

here , we derive a probabilistic extinction model that predicts the extinction risk of mammals at any body mass [without] invoking selective human harvest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 derive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 derive
4 derive 8 model
5 a 6 probabilistic
5 a 8 model
6 probabilistic 7 extinction
7 extinction 8 model
8 model 9 that
8 model 10 predicts
9 that 10 predicts
10 predicts 13 risk
10 predicts 16 at
11 the 13 risk
12 extinction 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 mammals
16 at 24 harvest
17 any 24 harvest
18 body 19 mass
19 mass 24 harvest
21 invoking 24 harvest
22 selective 24 harvest
23 human 24 harvest

the new model systematically analyzes the variability in life - history characteristics , such as the instantaneous mortality rate , age of first reproduction , and the maximum net reproductive rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyzes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 model
2 new 3 model
3 model 5 analyzes
4 systematically 5 analyzes
5 analyzes 7 variability
5 analyzes 8 in
5 analyzes 15 as
6 the 7 variability
8 in 9 life
9 life 12 characteristics
10 - 12 characteristics
11 history 12 characteristics
12 characteristics 13 ,
14 such 15 as
15 as 26 and
16 the 19 rate
17 instantaneous 18 mortality
18 mortality 19 rate
19 rate 20 ,
20 , 21 age
20 , 26 and
21 age 22 of
22 of 24 reproduction
23 first 24 reproduction
25 , 26 and
26 and 31 rate
27 the 31 rate
28 maximum 31 rate
29 net 31 rate
30 reproductive 31 rate

it captures the body size [-] biased extinction pattern in the late pleistocene and precisely predicts the percentage of unexpectedly persisting large mammals and extinct small ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 it 14 and
2 captures 9 pattern
2 captures 10 in
2 captures 14 and
3 the 9 pattern
4 body 5 size
5 size 7 biased
7 biased 8 extinction
8 extinction 9 pattern
10 in 13 pleistocene
11 the 13 pleistocene
12 late 13 pleistocene
14 and 16 predicts
15 precisely 16 predicts
16 predicts 18 percentage
17 the 18 percentage
18 percentage 19 of
19 of 24 and
20 unexpectedly 21 persisting
21 persisting 23 mammals
22 large 23 mammals
23 mammals 24 and
24 and 27 ones
25 extinct 27 ones
26 small 27 ones

a test with a global late quaternary mammal database well supports the model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 test
2 test 3 with
2 test 11 supports
3 with 10 well
4 a 5 global
4 a 10 well
5 global 10 well
6 late 10 well
7 quaternary 10 well
8 mammal 10 well
9 database 10 well
11 supports 13 model
12 the 13 model

the model also emphasizes that quantitatively analyzing patterns of variability in ecological factors can shed light on diverse behaviors and patterns in nature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emphasizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 model
2 model 4 emphasizes
3 also 4 emphasizes
4 emphasizes 5 that
5 that 7 analyzing
5 that 20 and
6 quantitatively 7 analyzing
7 analyzing 8 patterns
7 analyzing 11 in
7 analyzing 14 can
8 patterns 9 of
9 of 10 variability
11 in 13 factors
12 ecological 13 factors
14 can 20 and
15 shed 16 light
15 shed 17 on
15 shed 20 and
17 on 19 behaviors
18 diverse 19 behaviors
20 and 21 patterns
20 and 22 in
22 in 23 nature

from a macro - scale conservation perspective , our model can be modified to predict the fate of biota under the pressures from both climate change and human impacts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 modified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 from 3 macro
1 from 8 ,
1 from 10 model
2 a 3 macro
3 macro 7 perspective
4 - 7 perspective
5 scale 7 perspective
6 conservation 7 perspective
7 perspective 8 ,
9 our 10 model
10 model 11 can
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 modified
13 modified 14 to
13 modified 23 from
14 to 15 predict
15 predict 17 fate
15 predict 20 under
16 the 17 fate
17 fate 18 of
18 of 19 biota
20 under 22 pressures
21 the 22 pressures
23 from 27 and
24 both 27 and
25 climate 26 change
26 change 27 and
27 and 29 impacts
28 human 29 impacts

objectives : to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms and frequency of antidepressant use between a group of elderly chinese - american subjects [with] and without cognitive impairment and a group of matched white subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 compare
3 to 4 compare
4 compare 10 and
4 compare 25 and
5 the 10 and
6 prevalence 7 of
6 prevalence 10 and
7 of 9 symptoms
8 depressive 9 symptoms
10 and 11 frequency
10 and 12 of
12 of 14 use
13 antidepressant 14 use
15 between 23 subjects
15 between 25 and
16 a 17 group
17 group 18 of
17 group 23 subjects
18 of 23 subjects
19 elderly 22 american
20 chinese 21 -
20 chinese 22 american
22 american 23 subjects
25 and 26 without
26 without 29 and
27 cognitive 28 impairment
28 impairment 29 and
29 and 31 group
29 and 32 of
30 a 31 group
32 of 35 subjects
33 matched 35 subjects
34 white 35 subjects

a secondary aim was to examine the clinical and demographic predictors of depressive symptoms across these groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 secondary
1 a 3 aim
2 secondary 3 aim
3 aim 4 was
4 was 5 to
4 was 6 examine
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 11 predictors
6 examine 15 across
7 the 11 predictors
8 clinical 9 and
9 and 10 demographic
9 and 11 predictors
11 predictors 12 of
12 of 14 symptoms
13 depressive 14 symptoms
15 across 17 groups
16 these 17 groups

methods : the study was conducted at an academic neurology subspecialty clinic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 conducted
2 : 13 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 at
7 at 12 clinic
8 an 9 academic
8 an 12 clinic
9 academic 10 neurology
10 neurology 12 clinic
11 subspecialty 12 clinic

this was a case - control study with 140 chinese - american subjects and 140 demographically [and] cognitively matched white subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 this 2 was
2 was 4 case
3 a 4 case
5 - 14 and
5 - 22 .
6 control 7 study
7 study 8 with
7 study 14 and
8 with 13 subjects
9 140 13 subjects
10 chinese 11 -
10 chinese 13 subjects
12 american 13 subjects
14 and 21 subjects
15 140 21 subjects
16 demographically 19 matched
18 cognitively 19 matched
19 matched 20 white
20 white 21 subjects

in each group , there were 48 cognitively normal and 92 cognitively impaired participants ( 49 with mild cognitive impairment , 43 with alzheimer disease ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 group
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 there
2 each 3 group
5 there 6 were
6 were 10 and
7 48 10 and
8 cognitively 9 normal
9 normal 10 and
10 and 14 participants
10 and 16 49
10 and 22 43
11 92 14 participants
12 cognitively 13 impaired
13 impaired 14 participants
15 ( 16 49
16 49 17 with
16 49 21 ,
17 with 20 impairment
18 mild 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment
21 , 22 43
22 43 23 with
22 43 26 )
23 with 25 disease
24 alzheimer 25 disease

the proportion of individuals with significant depressive symptoms , [as] indicated by a geriatric depression scale score ≥6 of 15 , and frequency of antidepressant use were compared across groups by using χ ( 2 ) analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 proportion
2 proportion 3 of
2 proportion 22 and
3 of 4 individuals
4 individuals 5 with
5 with 8 symptoms
6 significant 8 symptoms
7 depressive 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 11 indicated
9 , 11 indicated
11 indicated 12 by
11 indicated 21 ,
12 by 18 ≥6
13 a 18 ≥6
14 geriatric 15 depression
15 depression 16 scale
16 scale 18 ≥6
17 score 18 ≥6
18 ≥6 19 of
19 of 20 15
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 frequency
22 and 24 of
22 and 27 were
24 of 26 use
25 antidepressant 26 use
27 were 28 compared
28 compared 29 across
28 compared 31 by
29 across 30 groups
31 by 32 using
32 using 37 analysis
33 χ 35 2
33 χ 37 analysis
34 ( 35 2
35 2 36 )

factors predicting depressive symptoms , including racial and diagnostic group , age , gender , mini - mental state examination score , level of functional impairment , education level , and medical comorbidities , were assessed by using linear regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 factors 2 predicting
1 factors 6 including
1 factors 12 age
2 predicting 4 symptoms
3 depressive 4 symptoms
5 , 6 including
6 including 8 and
6 including 11 ,
7 racial 8 and
8 and 10 group
9 diagnostic 10 group
13 , 14 gender
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 mini
15 , 17 -
17 - 21 score
17 - 22 ,
18 mental 19 state
19 state 20 examination
20 examination 21 score
22 , 23 level
22 , 34 ,
23 level 24 of
23 level 34 ,
24 of 31 and
25 functional 26 impairment
26 impairment 27 ,
27 , 29 level
27 , 31 and
28 education 29 level
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 medical
33 comorbidities 34 ,
34 , 35 were
35 were 36 assessed
36 assessed 37 by
37 by 38 using
38 using 41 analysis
39 linear 40 regression
40 regression 41 analysis

results : significant depressive symptoms were more common in cognitively impaired chinese - american ( 35 % ) than cognitively impaired white ( 15 % ; χ ( 2 ) [ 1 ] = 9.4 ; [p] = 0.004 [ )(subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 symptoms
2 : 6 were
2 : 26 ;
2 : 42 .
3 significant 5 symptoms
4 depressive 5 symptoms
5 symptoms 6 were
6 were 8 common
7 more 8 common
8 common 9 in
9 in 12 chinese
10 cognitively 11 impaired
11 impaired 12 chinese
12 chinese 22 white
13 - 22 white
14 american 17 %
14 american 18 )
14 american 22 white
15 ( 17 %
16 35 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 than 21 impaired
20 cognitively 21 impaired
21 impaired 22 white
22 white 25 %
22 white 26 ;
23 ( 25 %
24 15 25 %
25 % 26 ;
26 ; 27 χ
26 ; 34 =
26 ; 36 ;
27 χ 29 2
27 χ 32 1
27 χ 34 =
28 ( 29 2
29 2 30 )
31 [ 32 1
32 1 33 ]
34 = 35 9.4
36 ; 41 )(subjects
38 = 39 0.004
39 0.004 41 )(subjects

chinese - american subjects with cognitive impairment were less likely to be receiving treatment for depression ( 12 % ) than white subjects with cognitive impairment ( 37 % ; χ ( 2 ) [ 1 ] = 15.6 [;] p = 0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 chinese 2 -
1 chinese 3 american
3 american 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
4 subjects 8 were
5 with 7 impairment
6 cognitive 7 impairment
8 were 10 likely
9 less 10 likely
10 likely 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 receiving
13 receiving 14 treatment
13 receiving 21 than
13 receiving 24 with
14 treatment 15 for
15 for 16 depression
16 depression 19 %
17 ( 19 %
18 12 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 than 23 subjects
22 white 23 subjects
24 with 26 impairment
25 cognitive 26 impairment
26 impairment 29 %
27 ( 29 %
28 37 29 %
29 % 30 ;
30 ; 31 χ
30 ; 38 =
31 χ 33 2
31 χ 36 1
31 χ 38 =
32 ( 33 2
33 2 34 )
35 [ 36 1
36 1 37 ]
38 = 42 =
39 15.6 42 =
41 p 42 =
42 = 43 0.002
42 = 44 )

racial and diagnostic group , age , level of functional impairment , mini - mental state examination score , and education level were all statistically significant independent predictors of geriatric depression scale score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 racial 2 and
2 and 4 group
2 and 6 age
2 and 13 mini
3 diagnostic 4 group
5 , 6 age
6 age 8 level
6 age 12 ,
7 , 8 level
8 level 9 of
8 level 12 ,
9 of 11 impairment
10 functional 11 impairment
12 , 13 mini
13 mini 14 -
14 - 18 score
14 - 19 ,
14 - 34 .
15 mental 16 state
16 state 17 examination
17 examination 18 score
19 , 20 and
19 , 33 score
20 and 22 level
20 and 23 were
21 education 22 level
22 level 23 were
23 were 24 all
24 all 28 predictors
24 all 33 score
25 statistically 26 significant
26 significant 28 predictors
27 independent 28 predictors
28 predictors 29 of
28 predictors 33 score
29 of 32 scale
30 geriatric 31 depression
31 depression 32 scale

conclusions : elderly chinese - american subjects with cognitive impairment are at increased risk for unrecognized and untreated depressive symptoms compared with elderly white subjects with cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 chinese
3 elderly 4 chinese
5 - 7 subjects
5 - 11 are
6 american 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 with
7 subjects 11 are
8 with 10 impairment
9 cognitive 10 impairment
11 are 12 at
11 are 22 with
12 at 14 risk
13 increased 14 risk
14 risk 15 for
15 for 20 symptoms
16 unrecognized 17 and
17 and 18 untreated
17 and 20 symptoms
19 depressive 20 symptoms
20 symptoms 21 compared
22 with 25 subjects
23 elderly 25 subjects
24 white 25 subjects
25 subjects 26 with
26 with 28 impairment
27 cognitive 28 impairment

education level may contribute to this risk or it may be a surrogate marker for other factors contributing to depressive symptoms in this group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 education 2 level
2 level 3 may
3 may 4 contribute
4 contribute 5 to
5 to 7 risk
6 this 7 risk
8 or 9 it
8 or 11 be
9 it 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 14 marker
12 a 14 marker
13 surrogate 14 marker
14 marker 15 for
15 for 17 factors
16 other 17 factors
17 factors 18 contributing
18 contributing 19 to
19 to 21 symptoms
20 depressive 21 symptoms
21 symptoms 22 in
22 in 24 group
23 this 24 group

objective : to examine the characteristics of auditory verbal hallucinations and associated factors in older adults with schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 11 and
2 : 19 .
3 to 11 and
4 examine 6 characteristics
4 examine 11 and
5 the 6 characteristics
6 characteristics 7 of
7 of 10 hallucinations
8 auditory 10 hallucinations
9 verbal 10 hallucinations
11 and 12 associated
12 associated 13 factors
12 associated 14 in
12 associated 17 with
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 with 18 schizophrenia

methods : one hundred ninety - eight persons aged 55 and older living in the community who had developed schizophrenia before age 45 years were assessed for the presence , topography , content , and subjective qualities of auditory hallucinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 11 and
2 : 14 in
2 : 21 before
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 ninety
5 ninety 11 and
6 - 7 eight
7 eight 8 persons
8 persons 9 aged
8 persons 11 and
9 aged 10 55
11 and 13 living
12 older 13 living
14 in 16 community
15 the 16 community
16 community 17 who
16 community 18 had
17 who 18 had
18 had 19 developed
19 developed 20 schizophrenia
21 before 24 years
21 before 26 assessed
22 age 24 years
23 45 24 years
24 years 25 were
25 were 26 assessed
26 assessed 27 for
27 for 35 and
28 the 29 presence
29 presence 30 ,
30 , 31 topography
30 , 32 ,
32 , 33 content
32 , 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 qualities
36 subjective 37 qualities
37 qualities 38 of
38 of 40 hallucinations
39 auditory 40 hallucinations

george 's social antecedent model of psychopathology was used to examine 17 predictor variables of auditory hallucinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 george 2 's
2 's 5 model
3 social 4 antecedent
4 antecedent 5 model
5 model 6 of
5 model 8 was
6 of 7 psychopathology
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 examine
10 to 11 examine
11 examine 14 variables
12 17 14 variables
13 predictor 14 variables
14 variables 15 of
15 of 17 hallucinations
16 auditory 17 hallucinations

results : thirty - two percent experienced auditory verbal hallucinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 10 hallucinations
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 percent
6 percent 7 experienced
7 experienced 10 hallucinations
8 auditory 10 hallucinations
9 verbal 10 hallucinations

more than half heard voices daily , heard good/pleasant voices , or had command hallucinations ; 25 % obeyed " bad " voices , whereas 87 % obeyed " good " voices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 obeyed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 more 2 than
2 than 3 half
3 half 7 ,
4 heard 5 voices
4 heard 6 daily
4 heard 7 ,
7 , 12 or
8 heard 10 voices
8 heard 12 or
9 good/pleasant 10 voices
11 , 12 or
12 or 13 had
13 had 15 hallucinations
14 command 15 hallucinations
16 ; 18 %
16 ; 19 obeyed
17 25 18 %
18 % 19 obeyed
19 obeyed 20 "
19 obeyed 23 voices
19 obeyed 25 whereas
21 bad 22 "
21 bad 23 voices
24 , 25 whereas
25 whereas 27 %
26 87 27 %
27 % 28 obeyed
28 obeyed 29 "
28 obeyed 32 voices
30 good 31 "
30 good 32 voices

there were no significant differences in depression and social functioning between persons judging their voices to be good [versus] bad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 8 and
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 8 and
6 in 7 depression
8 and 9 social
8 and 10 functioning
8 and 13 judging
10 functioning 11 between
11 between 12 persons
13 judging 15 voices
13 judging 16 to
13 judging 20 bad
14 their 15 voices
16 to 17 be
17 be 18 good

in logistic regression analysis , depressive symptoms , positive and negative syndrome scale delusion score ( >2 ) , and male gender were associated with auditory verbal hallucinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 regression
1 in 20 and
2 logistic 3 regression
4 analysis 5 ,
5 , 7 symptoms
5 , 8 ,
6 depressive 7 symptoms
8 , 9 positive
8 , 10 and
10 and 15 score
10 and 17 >2
10 and 20 and
11 negative 12 syndrome
12 syndrome 13 scale
13 scale 15 score
14 delusion 15 score
16 ( 17 >2
17 >2 18 )
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 gender
20 and 23 were
21 male 22 gender
23 were 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 28 hallucinations
26 auditory 28 hallucinations
27 verbal 28 hallucinations

conclusion : older adults with schizophrenia had a lower rate of auditory verbal hallucinations than had been reported previously for younger persons with schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 7 had
2 : 25 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 7 had
5 with 6 schizophrenia
7 had 10 rate
7 had 15 than
8 a 10 rate
9 lower 10 rate
10 rate 11 of
11 of 14 hallucinations
12 auditory 14 hallucinations
13 verbal 14 hallucinations
15 than 16 had
15 than 18 reported
16 had 17 been
17 been 18 reported
18 reported 19 previously
18 reported 20 for
18 reported 23 with
20 for 22 persons
21 younger 22 persons
23 with 24 schizophrenia

for most features of auditory verbal hallucinations , older adults had similar rates to younger persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 for 3 features
1 for 8 ,
1 for 10 adults
2 most 3 features
3 features 4 of
4 of 7 hallucinations
5 auditory 7 hallucinations
6 verbal 7 hallucinations
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 had
11 had 13 rates
11 had 14 to
12 similar 13 rates
14 to 16 persons
15 younger 16 persons

however , older adults were more apt to judge their voices as good and more likely to obey the good voices than those voices perceived as bad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 were
5 were 6 more
5 were 7 apt
7 apt 8 to
7 apt 9 judge
8 to 9 judge
9 judge 11 voices
9 judge 14 and
9 judge 16 likely
10 their 11 voices
12 as 13 good
13 good 14 and
14 and 15 more
16 likely 17 to
16 likely 18 obey
17 to 18 obey
18 obey 21 voices
18 obey 22 than
18 obey 26 as
19 the 21 voices
20 good 21 voices
22 than 24 voices
23 those 24 voices
24 voices 25 perceived
26 as 27 bad

from a clinical standpoint , this may be construed as a potentially useful coping strategy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 construed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 from 4 standpoint
1 from 5 ,
1 from 6 this
2 a 3 clinical
2 a 4 standpoint
3 clinical 4 standpoint
6 this 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 construed
9 construed 10 as
10 as 15 strategy
11 a 15 strategy
12 potentially 13 useful
13 useful 15 strategy
14 coping 15 strategy

however , subjective judgments about voices did not significantly affect mood [or] functioning , and the presence of auditory verbal hallucinations was associated with more depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 judgments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 judgments
3 subjective 4 judgments
4 judgments 5 about
4 judgments 7 did
5 about 6 voices
7 did 8 not
7 did 10 affect
9 significantly 10 affect
10 affect 13 functioning
11 mood 13 functioning
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 presence
15 and 23 associated
16 the 17 presence
17 presence 18 of
17 presence 22 was
18 of 21 hallucinations
19 auditory 21 hallucinations
20 verbal 21 hallucinations
22 was 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 27 symptoms
25 more 26 depressive
26 depressive 27 symptoms

objective : older adults are increasingly involved in the criminal justice system , yet there is limited research regarding their needs and experiences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 adults
2 : 16 is
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 are
5 are 7 involved
6 increasingly 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
7 involved 14 yet
8 in 12 system
9 the 12 system
10 criminal 11 justice
11 justice 12 system
13 , 14 yet
14 yet 15 there
15 there 16 is
16 is 18 research
17 limited 18 research
18 research 19 regarding
19 regarding 22 and
20 their 22 and
21 needs 22 and
22 and 23 experiences

this study examined differences in psychosocial experiences and reincarceration between older and younger adults with psychiatric disorders involved in the criminal justice system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 4 differences
3 examined 5 in
3 examined 10 between
5 in 8 and
6 psychosocial 7 experiences
7 experiences 8 and
8 and 9 reincarceration
10 between 14 adults
11 older 12 and
12 and 13 younger
12 and 14 adults
14 adults 15 with
15 with 17 disorders
16 psychiatric 17 disorders
17 disorders 18 involved
18 involved 19 in
19 in 23 system
20 the 23 system
21 criminal 22 justice
22 justice 23 system

methods : participants ( n = 80 ) were recruited from two mental health courts in the midwestern united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 10 recruited
2 : 21 .
3 participants 6 =
3 participants 9 were
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 80
6 = 8 )
9 were 10 recruited
10 recruited 11 from
10 recruited 16 in
11 from 15 courts
12 two 15 courts
13 mental 14 health
14 health 15 courts
16 in 20 states
17 the 18 midwestern
18 midwestern 20 states
19 united 20 states

bivariate analyses examined age - related differences in psychosocial experiences and reincarceration between younger and older participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 bivariate 2 analyses
2 analyses 4 age
3 examined 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 differences
6 related 8 in
6 related 13 between
8 in 11 and
9 psychosocial 10 experiences
10 experiences 11 and
11 and 12 reincarceration
13 between 17 participants
14 younger 15 and
15 and 16 older
15 and 17 participants

results : older adults , on average , experienced more treatment [adherence] and fewer probation violations than younger adults during the 6 [-] month follow - up ; however , they experienced comparable risk for reincarceration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 experienced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 adults
2 : 9 experienced
2 : 17 than
2 : 28 ;
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 7 average
4 adults 9 experienced
5 , 7 average
6 on 7 average
7 average 8 ,
9 experienced 16 violations
10 more 11 treatment
11 treatment 13 and
13 and 14 fewer
13 and 15 probation
15 probation 16 violations
17 than 19 adults
17 than 25 follow
18 younger 19 adults
19 adults 20 during
19 adults 25 follow
20 during 24 month
21 the 24 month
22 6 24 month
25 follow 27 up
26 - 27 up
27 up 28 ;
28 ; 31 they
29 however 30 ,
29 however 31 they
31 they 32 experienced
32 experienced 34 risk
32 experienced 35 for
33 comparable 34 risk
35 for 36 reincarceration

older adults ' substance use , service use , housing instability , and program retention were similar to their younger counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 '
3 ' 5 use
4 substance 5 use
5 use 6 ,
6 , 8 use
6 , 9 ,
7 service 8 use
9 , 11 instability
9 , 13 and
10 housing 11 instability
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 retention
13 and 16 were
14 program 15 retention
16 were 17 similar
17 similar 18 to
18 to 21 counterparts
19 their 21 counterparts
20 younger 21 counterparts

conclusion : despite older mental health court participants ' treatment adherence and reduced probation violations , they are at risk for incarceration , substance use , and housing instability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 12 and
2 : 16 ,
3 despite 6 health
3 despite 12 and
4 older 6 health
5 mental 6 health
7 court 11 adherence
7 court 12 and
8 participants 9 '
9 ' 11 adherence
10 treatment 11 adherence
12 and 13 reduced
13 reduced 15 violations
14 probation 15 violations
16 , 17 they
16 , 18 are
16 , 23 ,
17 they 18 are
18 are 19 at
18 are 21 for
19 at 20 risk
21 for 22 incarceration
23 , 27 and
24 substance 25 use
25 use 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 instability
28 housing 29 instability

objectives : to assess the association of different diabetes - related variables , including self - and physician - reported information , as well as biomarkers , with cognitive functioning in the elderly general population in germany . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 association
4 assess 20 reported
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
6 association 17 and
6 association 20 reported
7 of 9 diabetes
8 different 9 diabetes
10 - 17 and
11 related 12 variables
12 variables 13 ,
13 , 15 self
13 , 17 and
14 including 15 self
16 - 17 and
17 and 18 physician
17 and 19 -
20 reported 21 information
20 reported 25 as
20 reported 28 with
22 , 25 as
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 26 biomarkers
25 as 27 ,
28 with 30 functioning
29 cognitive 30 functioning
30 functioning 31 in
31 in 35 population
32 the 35 population
33 elderly 35 population
34 general 35 population
35 population 36 in
36 in 37 germany

design : cross - sectional observational study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 7 study
5 sectional 7 study
6 observational 7 study

setting and participants : a total of 1,697 subjects with a mean ± standard deviation age of 74 ± 2.8 years were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 setting 2 and
2 and 3 participants
4 : 6 total
4 : 22 were
4 : 24 .
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
6 total 10 with
6 total 22 were
7 of 9 subjects
8 1,697 9 subjects
10 with 16 age
11 a 16 age
12 mean 13 ±
13 ± 16 age
14 standard 15 deviation
15 deviation 16 age
16 age 17 of
17 of 21 years
18 74 21 years
19 ± 21 years
20 2.8 21 years
22 were 23 included

these were recruited from among the participants of an ongoing epidemiological study of the elderly general population in saarland [state] and had been recruited 5 years earlier on the occasion of a health screening exam by their general practitioners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 21 and
2 were 3 recruited
2 were 21 and
3 recruited 4 from
3 recruited 18 in
4 from 5 among
5 among 7 participants
6 the 7 participants
7 participants 8 of
8 of 12 study
9 an 10 ongoing
9 an 12 study
10 ongoing 12 study
11 epidemiological 12 study
12 study 13 of
13 of 17 population
14 the 17 population
15 elderly 17 population
16 general 17 population
18 in 19 saarland
21 and 22 had
22 had 23 been
23 been 24 recruited
24 recruited 27 earlier
24 recruited 28 on
24 recruited 36 by
25 5 26 years
26 years 27 earlier
28 on 30 occasion
29 the 30 occasion
30 occasion 31 of
31 of 35 exam
32 a 33 health
32 a 35 exam
33 health 35 exam
34 screening 35 exam
36 by 39 practitioners
37 their 39 practitioners
38 general 39 practitioners

measurements : cognitive functioning across six subdomains was assessed using the cognitive telephone screening instrument . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cognitive
2 : 9 assessed
2 : 16 .
3 cognitive 4 functioning
3 cognitive 5 across
3 cognitive 8 was
5 across 7 subdomains
6 six 7 subdomains
8 was 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 using
10 using 15 instrument
11 the 15 instrument
12 cognitive 13 telephone
13 telephone 14 screening
14 screening 15 instrument

data on prevalent diabetes at baseline were obtained from the study participants and their general practitioners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 data 2 on
1 data 7 were
2 on 4 diabetes
3 prevalent 4 diabetes
4 diabetes 5 at
5 at 6 baseline
7 were 8 obtained
8 obtained 9 from
9 from 13 and
10 the 12 participants
11 study 12 participants
12 participants 13 and
13 and 16 practitioners
14 their 16 practitioners
15 general 16 practitioners

baseline fasting glucose was assessed as part of the screening exam , and baseline hba1c was determined centrally by standardized methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 glucose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 determined
1 baseline 2 fasting
2 fasting 3 glucose
3 glucose 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
6 as 13 and
6 as 17 determined
7 part 8 of
7 part 13 and
8 of 11 exam
9 the 11 exam
10 screening 11 exam
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 baseline
13 and 15 hba1c
13 and 16 was
13 and 17 determined
15 hba1c 16 was
17 determined 18 centrally
17 determined 19 by
17 determined 22 .
19 by 21 methods
20 standardized 21 methods

results : the association of cognitive functioning with self [-] reported diabetes ( n = 189 ) was more pronounced than [with] physician - reported diabetes ( n = 280 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 association
2 : 20 pronounced
2 : 25 reported
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 of
4 association 18 was
5 of 7 functioning
6 cognitive 7 functioning
7 functioning 8 with
8 with 12 diabetes
9 self 11 reported
11 reported 12 diabetes
12 diabetes 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 189
15 = 17 )
18 was 19 more
18 was 20 pronounced
20 pronounced 21 than
21 than 23 physician
24 - 25 reported
25 reported 26 diabetes
25 reported 29 =
25 reported 32 .
27 ( 29 =
28 n 29 =
29 = 30 280
29 = 31 )

hba1c showed a nonlinear association with cognitive functioning , with a peak of cognitive performance in the central quintile of hba1c . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hba1c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
1 hba1c 2 showed
2 showed 5 association
2 showed 6 with
2 showed 10 with
3 a 4 nonlinear
3 a 5 association
4 nonlinear 5 association
6 with 8 functioning
7 cognitive 8 functioning
9 , 10 with
10 with 12 peak
10 with 22 .
11 a 12 peak
12 peak 13 of
13 of 15 performance
14 cognitive 15 performance
15 performance 16 in
16 in 19 quintile
17 the 19 quintile
18 central 19 quintile
19 quintile 20 of
20 of 21 hba1c

in the case of fasting glucose , lower cognitive functioning was only observed in the highest quintile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 functioning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 case
1 in 7 ,
1 in 10 functioning
2 the 3 case
3 case 4 of
4 of 6 glucose
5 fasting 6 glucose
8 lower 10 functioning
9 cognitive 10 functioning
10 functioning 11 was
11 was 13 observed
12 only 13 observed
13 observed 14 in
14 in 17 quintile
15 the 16 highest
15 the 17 quintile

the estimates were robust in confounder - adjusted models , but attentuated when excluding subjects with baseline prevalent or follow - up incident diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 the 2 estimates
2 estimates 11 but
3 were 4 robust
3 were 11 but
4 robust 5 in
5 in 9 models
6 confounder 7 -
6 confounder 9 models
8 adjusted 9 models
10 , 11 but
11 but 19 or
12 attentuated 13 when
12 attentuated 19 or
13 when 14 excluding
14 excluding 15 subjects
14 excluding 16 with
16 with 17 baseline
16 with 18 prevalent
19 or 20 follow
21 - 22 up
21 - 25 .
22 up 24 diabetes
23 incident 24 diabetes

conclusions : future studies of diabetes - related biomarkers and cognition should take possible nonlinearity of the relationships into account , [as] the strength of the associations otherwise might be underestimated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 13 take
2 : 21 ,
2 : 30 be
2 : 32 .
3 future 4 studies
4 studies 5 of
4 studies 12 should
5 of 6 diabetes
7 - 8 related
8 related 10 and
8 related 12 should
9 biomarkers 10 and
10 and 11 cognition
12 should 13 take
13 take 15 nonlinearity
13 take 20 account
14 possible 15 nonlinearity
15 nonlinearity 16 of
16 of 18 relationships
17 the 18 relationships
19 into 20 account
21 , 30 be
23 the 24 strength
24 strength 25 of
24 strength 29 might
25 of 27 associations
26 the 27 associations
28 otherwise 29 might
29 might 30 be
30 be 31 underestimated

objective : delusional thoughts are common among patients with alzheimer disease ( ad ) [and] may be conceptually linked to memory deficits [(] cannot recall accurate information , which leads to inaccurate beliefs ) and poor insight ( unable to appreciate the illogic [of] beliefs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 thoughts
2 : 5 are
2 : 47 .
3 delusional 4 thoughts
4 thoughts 5 are
5 are 35 and
6 common 7 among
6 common 9 with
6 common 19 linked
6 common 35 and
7 among 8 patients
9 with 10 alzheimer
10 alzheimer 11 disease
10 alzheimer 17 be
11 disease 13 ad
11 disease 16 may
12 ( 13 ad
13 ad 14 )
16 may 17 be
18 conceptually 19 linked
19 linked 20 to
20 to 21 memory
21 memory 22 deficits
21 memory 25 recall
21 memory 29 which
22 deficits 24 cannot
24 cannot 25 recall
25 recall 27 information
26 accurate 27 information
28 , 29 which
29 which 30 leads
29 which 34 )
30 leads 31 to
31 to 33 beliefs
32 inaccurate 33 beliefs
35 and 37 insight
35 and 39 unable
36 poor 37 insight
38 ( 39 unable
39 unable 40 to
39 unable 41 appreciate
39 unable 46 )
40 to 41 appreciate
41 appreciate 45 beliefs
42 the 45 beliefs
43 illogic 45 beliefs

this study 's goals were to examine the clinical associations among delusions , memory deficits , and poor insight ; explore [neurobiologic] [correlates] for these symptoms ; [and] identify shared mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 goals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 's
3 's 4 goals
4 goals 5 were
5 were 6 to
5 were 7 examine
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 10 associations
7 examine 11 among
8 the 10 associations
9 clinical 10 associations
11 among 12 delusions
13 , 17 and
13 , 20 ;
14 memory 15 deficits
15 deficits 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 insight
18 poor 19 insight
20 ; 21 explore
20 ; 27 ;
21 explore 24 for
24 for 26 symptoms
25 these 26 symptoms
27 ; 29 identify
29 identify 31 mechanisms
30 shared 31 mechanisms

methods : in a cross - sectional analysis , 88 outpatients with ad ( mean mini - mental state exam score [:] 19.3 ) were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 cross
4 a 5 cross
5 cross 8 analysis
6 - 8 analysis
7 sectional 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 ,
9 , 11 outpatients
9 , 25 were
10 88 11 outpatients
11 outpatients 12 with
11 outpatients 16 mini
11 outpatients 25 were
12 with 13 ad
14 ( 16 mini
15 mean 16 mini
16 mini 21 score
16 mini 24 )
17 - 21 score
18 mental 19 state
19 state 20 exam
20 exam 21 score
21 score 23 19.3
21 score 24 )
25 were 26 studied

delusional thoughts were assessed with the neuropsychiatric inventory , level of inaccurate insight was assessed with the neurobehavioral rating scale , and memory was assessed with the mattis dementia rating scale memory subscale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 delusional
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 delusional 2 thoughts
1 delusional 3 were
1 delusional 4 assessed
2 thoughts 3 were
4 assessed 10 level
4 assessed 15 assessed
5 with 8 inventory
5 with 9 ,
5 with 10 level
6 the 8 inventory
7 neuropsychiatric 8 inventory
10 level 11 of
10 level 14 was
11 of 13 insight
12 inaccurate 13 insight
14 was 15 assessed
15 assessed 16 with
16 with 20 scale
17 the 20 scale
18 neurobehavioral 19 rating
19 rating 20 scale
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 memory
22 and 25 assessed
23 memory 24 was
24 was 25 assessed
25 assessed 26 with
26 with 31 scale
26 with 33 subscale
27 the 31 scale
28 mattis 29 dementia
29 dementia 30 rating
30 rating 31 scale
32 memory 33 subscale

[(] 18 )f - fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cortical metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tomography
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 18 8 tomography
3 )f 4 -
3 )f 5 fluorodeoxyglucose
5 fluorodeoxyglucose 6 positron
6 positron 8 tomography
7 emission 8 tomography
8 tomography 9 was
9 was 10 used
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 measure
11 to 12 measure
12 measure 15 metabolism
13 regional 15 metabolism
14 cortical 15 metabolism

relationships between clinical ratings and regional cortical metabolic activity ( voxel - based ) were assessed using spm2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 relationships 2 between
1 relationships 15 were
2 between 5 and
3 clinical 4 ratings
4 ratings 5 and
5 and 9 activity
5 and 11 voxel
6 regional 9 activity
7 cortical 9 activity
8 metabolic 9 activity
10 ( 11 voxel
11 voxel 13 based
11 voxel 14 )
12 - 13 based
13 based 14 )
15 were 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 using
17 using 18 spm2

results : patients with delusions had lower dementia rating scale memory subscale scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 3 patients
2 : 6 had
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 6 had
4 with 5 delusions
6 had 13 scores
7 lower 13 scores
8 dementia 9 rating
9 rating 10 scale
10 scale 11 memory
11 memory 13 scores
12 subscale 13 scores

neurobehavioral rating scale inaccurate insight scores were no different in those [with] and without delusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 neurobehavioral 2 rating
2 rating 3 scale
3 scale 6 scores
4 inaccurate 5 insight
5 insight 6 scores
6 scores 7 were
7 were 9 different
8 no 9 different
9 different 13 and
10 in 11 those
10 in 13 and
13 and 14 without
14 without 15 delusions

cortical metabolic activity was lower in the right lateral frontal cortex , orbitofrontal cortex , and bilateral temporal cortex in patients with delusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 cortical 3 activity
2 metabolic 3 activity
3 activity 4 was
4 was 5 lower
5 lower 6 in
5 lower 20 in
5 lower 22 with
6 in 16 and
7 the 11 cortex
8 right 11 cortex
9 lateral 11 cortex
10 frontal 11 cortex
11 cortex 12 ,
12 , 14 cortex
12 , 16 and
13 orbitofrontal 14 cortex
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 cortex
17 bilateral 19 cortex
18 temporal 19 cortex
20 in 21 patients
22 with 23 delusions

low cortical metabolic activity in the right lateral , inferior , and medial temporal cortex was associated with poorer memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 low 4 activity
2 cortical 4 activity
3 metabolic 4 activity
4 activity 5 in
4 activity 16 was
5 in 12 and
6 the 10 inferior
7 right 10 inferior
8 lateral 9 ,
8 lateral 10 inferior
10 inferior 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 cortex
13 medial 15 cortex
14 temporal 15 cortex
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 memory
19 poorer 20 memory

this region partially overlapped the region of hypometabolism associated with delusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 region
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 overlapped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 region
2 region 4 overlapped
3 partially 4 overlapped
4 overlapped 6 region
5 the 6 region
6 region 7 of
7 of 8 hypometabolism
8 hypometabolism 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 11 delusions

in contrast , low cortical metabolic activity in bilateral medial frontal cortex [was] associated [with] poor insight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 low
4 low 7 activity
4 low 8 in
5 cortical 7 activity
6 metabolic 7 activity
8 in 17 insight
9 bilateral 12 cortex
10 medial 12 cortex
11 frontal 12 cortex
12 cortex 14 associated
14 associated 17 insight
16 poor 17 insight

conclusion : delusions in ad are associated with dysfunction in specific frontal and temporal cortical regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 delusions
2 : 7 associated
2 : 17 .
3 delusions 4 in
3 delusions 6 are
4 in 5 ad
6 are 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 10 in
8 with 9 dysfunction
10 in 16 regions
11 specific 16 regions
12 frontal 13 and
13 and 14 temporal
13 and 16 regions
15 cortical 16 regions

delusions are partially clinically [and] neurobiologically linked to memory deficits but not to poor insight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 delusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 delusions 2 are
2 are 3 partially
2 are 7 linked
4 clinically 7 linked
6 neurobiologically 7 linked
7 linked 11 but
8 to 10 deficits
8 to 11 but
9 memory 10 deficits
11 but 12 not
11 but 13 to
13 to 15 insight
14 poor 15 insight

objectives : conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between white matter lesions ( wml ) and cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 conflicting
3 conflicting 4 results
3 conflicting 6 been
3 conflicting 7 reported
3 conflicting 8 regarding
4 results 5 have
5 have 6 been
8 regarding 18 and
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 between
10 association 18 and
11 between 14 lesions
12 white 13 matter
13 matter 14 lesions
14 lesions 16 wml
15 ( 16 wml
16 wml 17 )
18 and 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment

we hypothesized that education , a marker of cognitive reserve ( cr ) , could modulate the effects of wml on the risk of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) or dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 4 education
3 that 16 modulate
4 education 7 marker
4 education 15 could
5 , 7 marker
6 a 7 marker
7 marker 8 of
7 marker 14 ,
8 of 10 reserve
9 cognitive 10 reserve
10 reserve 12 cr
11 ( 12 cr
12 cr 13 )
15 could 16 modulate
16 modulate 18 effects
17 the 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
19 of 31 or
20 wml 21 on
20 wml 24 of
20 wml 31 or
21 on 23 risk
22 the 23 risk
24 of 27 impairment
25 mild 27 impairment
26 cognitive 27 impairment
27 impairment 29 mci
28 ( 29 mci
29 mci 30 )
31 or 32 dementia

methods : we followed 500 healthy subjects from a cohort of community [-] dwelling persons aged 65 years [and] over ( esprit project ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 followed
2 : 25 .
3 we 4 followed
4 followed 7 subjects
5 500 7 subjects
6 healthy 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 from
7 subjects 11 of
8 from 10 cohort
9 a 10 cohort
11 of 14 dwelling
12 community 14 dwelling
14 dwelling 15 persons
14 dwelling 20 over
14 dwelling 23 project
15 persons 16 aged
16 aged 18 years
16 aged 20 over
17 65 18 years
21 ( 23 project
22 esprit 23 project
23 project 24 )

at baseline , wml volume was measured using a semi - automatic method on t2 - weighted mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 at 2 baseline
1 at 3 ,
1 at 5 volume
4 wml 5 volume
5 volume 6 was
6 was 7 measured
7 measured 8 using
7 measured 14 on
8 using 13 method
9 a 10 semi
9 a 13 method
10 semi 11 -
10 semi 12 automatic
12 automatic 13 method
14 on 15 t2
16 - 18 mri
16 - 19 .
17 weighted 18 mri

standardized cognitive and neurological evaluations [were] repeated after 2 , 4 , and 7 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 standardized 5 evaluations
2 cognitive 3 and
3 and 4 neurological
3 and 5 evaluations
5 evaluations 7 repeated
5 evaluations 13 and
7 repeated 8 after
8 after 9 2
9 2 11 4
10 , 11 4
11 4 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 years
14 7 15 years

the sample was dichotomized according to education level into low ( ≤8 years ) [and] high ( >8 years ) education groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dichotomized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 3 was
3 was 4 dichotomized
4 dichotomized 6 to
4 dichotomized 8 level
5 according 6 to
6 to 7 education
8 level 9 into
9 into 22 groups
10 low 13 years
10 low 14 )
10 low 21 education
11 ( 13 years
12 ≤8 13 years
13 years 14 )
16 high 19 years
16 high 21 education
17 ( 19 years
18 >8 19 years
19 years 20 )
21 education 22 groups

cox proportional hazard models were constructed to study the association between wml and risk of mci/dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cox 3 hazard
2 proportional 3 hazard
3 hazard 4 models
3 hazard 8 study
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 constructed
6 constructed 7 to
7 to 8 study
8 study 10 association
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 between
10 association 15 of
11 between 13 and
12 wml 13 and
13 and 14 risk
15 of 16 mci/dementia

results : the interaction between education level and wml volume reached significance ( p = 0.017 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 interaction
2 : 5 between
3 the 4 interaction
5 between 8 and
6 education 7 level
7 level 8 and
8 and 12 significance
8 and 15 =
9 wml 11 reached
10 volume 11 reached
11 reached 12 significance
13 ( 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.017
15 = 17 )

after adjustment for potential confounders , the association between severe wml and increased mci/dementia risk was significant in the low education group ( ≤8 years ) ( p = 0.02 , hazard [ratio] [ hr ] : 3.77 [ 1.29 - 10.99 ] ) , but not in the high education group ( >8 years ) ( p = 0.82 , hr : 1.07 [ 0.61 - 1.87 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 after
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 71 .
1 after 12 and
1 after 16 was
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 6 ,
3 for 5 confounders
4 potential 5 confounders
6 , 8 association
6 , 12 and
7 the 8 association
8 association 9 between
9 between 11 wml
10 severe 11 wml
12 and 14 mci/dementia
13 increased 14 mci/dementia
15 risk 16 was
16 was 17 significant
17 significant 18 in
17 significant 29 =
18 in 22 group
19 the 22 group
20 low 22 group
21 education 22 group
22 group 25 years
23 ( 25 years
24 ≤8 25 years
25 years 26 )
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.02
31 , 32 hazard
31 , 37 :
31 , 46 but
32 hazard 35 hr
32 hazard 37 :
34 [ 35 hr
35 hr 36 ]
37 : 38 3.77
38 3.77 40 1.29
39 [ 40 1.29
40 1.29 42 10.99
40 1.29 44 )
41 - 42 10.99
42 10.99 43 ]
45 , 46 but
46 but 47 not
46 but 62 hr
46 but 63 :
48 in 52 group
48 in 61 ,
48 in 62 hr
49 the 52 group
50 high 51 education
51 education 52 group
52 group 55 years
52 group 59 =
53 ( 55 years
54 >8 55 years
55 years 56 )
57 ( 59 =
58 p 59 =
59 = 60 0.82
62 hr 63 :
63 : 64 1.07
64 1.07 66 0.61
65 [ 66 0.61
66 0.61 68 1.87
66 0.61 70 )
67 - 68 1.87
68 1.87 69 ]

conclusions : severe wml significantly increases the risk of developing mci/dementia over a 7 [-] year period in low educated participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 wml
2 : 6 increases
2 : 22 .
3 severe 4 wml
4 wml 6 increases
5 significantly 6 increases
6 increases 8 risk
6 increases 12 over
7 the 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 10 developing
10 developing 11 mci/dementia
12 over 17 period
13 a 17 period
14 7 17 period
16 year 17 period
17 period 18 in
18 in 21 participants
19 low 20 educated
20 educated 21 participants

subjects with higher education levels were seen to be more likely to be resilient to the deleterious effects of severe wml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 subjects 2 with
1 subjects 6 were
2 with 5 levels
3 higher 4 education
4 education 5 levels
6 were 7 seen
7 seen 8 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 likely
10 more 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 13 be
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 resilient
14 resilient 15 to
15 to 18 effects
16 the 18 effects
17 deleterious 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
19 of 21 wml
20 severe 21 wml

the cr hypothesis suggests several avenues for dementia prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 hypothesis
2 cr 3 hypothesis
3 hypothesis 4 suggests
4 suggests 6 avenues
5 several 6 avenues
6 avenues 7 for
7 for 9 prevention
8 dementia 9 prevention

objective : to investigate the durability [of] self - etch adhesives bonded to dentin in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 9 -
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 8 self
5 the 8 self
6 durability 8 self
9 - 10 etch
9 - 17 .
10 etch 11 adhesives
11 adhesives 12 bonded
12 bonded 13 to
12 bonded 16 vitro
13 to 14 dentin
15 in 16 vitro

methods : forty - two extracted human molars were selected and occlusal dentin surfaces were exposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 molars
2 : 10 selected
2 : 11 and
2 : 17 .
3 forty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 8 molars
6 extracted 8 molars
7 human 8 molars
8 molars 9 were
9 were 10 selected
11 and 14 surfaces
11 and 16 exposed
12 occlusal 13 dentin
13 dentin 14 surfaces
14 surfaces 15 were
15 were 16 exposed

the teeth were randomly distributed into three groups based on adhesives applied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 teeth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 distributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 teeth
2 teeth 3 were
3 were 4 randomly
3 were 5 distributed
5 distributed 6 into
6 into 8 groups
7 three 8 groups
8 groups 9 based
9 based 10 on
10 on 11 adhesives
11 adhesives 12 applied

the one - step self - etch adhesive b ( adper prompt ) [and] [c] ( g - bond ) and two - step self [-] [etch] adhesive a ( clearfil se bond ) were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 one
3 - 5 self
3 - 6 -
4 step 5 self
6 - 7 etch
6 - 21 and
7 etch 8 adhesive
7 etch 18 -
8 adhesive 9 b
8 adhesive 12 prompt
10 ( 12 prompt
11 adper 12 prompt
12 prompt 13 )
16 ( 18 -
17 g 18 -
18 - 19 bond
18 - 20 )
21 and 22 two
21 and 36 used
22 two 28 adhesive
22 two 35 were
23 - 28 adhesive
24 step 28 adhesive
25 self 28 adhesive
28 adhesive 29 a
28 adhesive 33 bond
28 adhesive 34 )
30 ( 33 bond
31 clearfil 32 se
32 se 33 bond
33 bond 34 )
35 were 36 used

after application of the adhesives to the dentin surfaces , composite crowns were built up , after 24 h water storage , the teeth were sectioned longitudinally into sticks ( 1.0 mm×1.0 mm bonding area ) for microtensile testing or slabs ( 1 mm [thick] ) for scanning electron microscopec ( sem ) observation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 crowns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 built
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 after 2 application
1 after 9 surfaces
1 after 10 ,
1 after 12 crowns
2 application 3 of
2 application 9 surfaces
3 of 5 adhesives
4 the 5 adhesives
5 adhesives 6 to
6 to 8 dentin
7 the 8 dentin
11 composite 12 crowns
12 crowns 13 were
13 were 14 built
14 built 15 up
14 built 17 after
16 , 17 after
17 after 21 storage
17 after 22 ,
18 24 19 h
19 h 20 water
20 water 21 storage
22 , 24 teeth
22 , 26 sectioned
23 the 24 teeth
24 teeth 25 were
25 were 26 sectioned
26 sectioned 27 longitudinally
26 sectioned 28 into
26 sectioned 37 for
26 sectioned 47 for
28 into 29 sticks
29 sticks 35 area
30 ( 35 area
31 1.0 33 mm
32 mm×1.0 33 mm
33 mm 34 bonding
34 bonding 35 area
35 area 36 )
37 for 40 or
38 microtensile 39 testing
39 testing 40 or
40 or 41 slabs
40 or 44 mm
42 ( 44 mm
43 1 44 mm
44 mm 46 )
47 for 54 observation
48 scanning 49 electron
49 electron 54 observation
50 microscopec 52 sem
50 microscopec 54 observation
51 ( 52 sem
52 sem 53 )

bonding strength ( [mtbs] [ )(and nano - leakage were evaluated immediately after cutting or after 6 months in water . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 bonding 2 strength
2 strength 6 )(and
3 ( 6 )(and
6 )(and 9 leakage
6 )(and 10 were
7 nano 8 -
7 nano 9 leakage
10 were 11 evaluated
11 evaluated 12 immediately
11 evaluated 15 or
11 evaluated 19 in
13 after 14 cutting
13 after 15 or
15 or 16 after
16 after 18 months
17 6 18 months
19 in 20 water

[the] [mtbs] was analyzed using one - way anova ( spss 13.0 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
3 was 5 using
3 was 6 one
4 analyzed 5 using
6 one 9 anova
7 - 9 anova
8 way 9 anova
9 anova 11 spss
9 anova 13 )
10 ( 11 spss
11 spss 12 13.0
11 spss 13 )

the nanoleakage was observed by sem with a backscattered electron detector . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nanoleakage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 nanoleakage
2 nanoleakage 3 was
3 was 4 observed
4 observed 5 by
4 observed 7 with
5 by 6 sem
7 with 11 detector
8 a 11 detector
9 backscattered 10 electron
10 electron 11 detector

results : both adhesives and water storage time affected [the] [mtbs] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 12 .
3 both 4 adhesives
4 adhesives 5 and
5 and 8 time
5 and 9 affected
6 water 8 time
7 storage 8 time

all adhesives showed decreased bond strength after six - month water aging [ [a] dropped from [(] 40.60 ± 5.76 ) mpa to [(] 36.04 ± [3.15] ) mpa [;] b dropped from [(] 19.06 ± [1.50] ) mpa to [(] 11.19 ± [1.97] ) mpa [;] c dropped from [(] 17.75 ± [1.10] ) mpa [to] ( 9.14 ± [1.15] ) mpa []] ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bond
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 all 2 adhesives
1 all 4 decreased
1 all 5 bond
2 adhesives 3 showed
3 showed 4 decreased
5 bond 6 strength
6 strength 7 after
7 after 8 six
9 - 11 water
10 month 11 water
11 water 12 aging
12 aging 15 dropped
12 aging 22 mpa
12 aging 23 to
13 [ 15 dropped
15 dropped 16 from
15 dropped 21 )
16 from 19 ±
18 40.60 19 ±
19 ± 20 5.76
23 to 29 mpa
25 36.04 29 mpa
26 ± 28 )
26 ± 29 mpa
29 mpa 31 b
29 mpa 32 dropped
29 mpa 33 from
33 from 39 mpa
35 19.06 39 mpa
36 ± 38 )
36 ± 39 mpa
39 mpa 40 to
40 to 46 mpa
42 11.19 46 mpa
43 ± 45 )
43 ± 46 mpa
46 mpa 48 c
46 mpa 49 dropped
49 dropped 50 from
50 from 56 mpa
52 17.75 56 mpa
53 ± 55 )
53 ± 56 mpa
56 mpa 63 mpa
58 ( 63 mpa
59 9.14 63 mpa
60 ± 62 )
60 ± 63 mpa
63 mpa 67 <
63 mpa 70 .
65 ( 67 <
66 p 67 <
67 < 68 0.05
67 < 69 )

[b] [and] [c] [showed] lower [mtbs] [than] a [after] aging ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
5 lower 8 a
5 lower 10 aging
10 aging 13 <
11 ( 13 <
12 p 13 <
13 < 14 0.05
13 < 15 )

compared to a , nanoleakage was more obvious after aging for b and c ..y conclusions : all self [-] [etch] adhesives tested were probably influenced by water aging , however , the two - step adhesive showed better durability than the one - step adhesives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nanoleakage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 4 ,
1 compared 5 nanoleakage
2 to 3 a
5 nanoleakage 6 was
6 was 7 more
6 was 8 obvious
8 obvious 9 after
9 after 10 aging
10 aging 11 for
11 for 12 b
13 and 14 c
13 and 15 ..y
14 c 15 ..y
15 ..y 16 conclusions
16 conclusions 17 :
17 : 18 all
17 : 27 by
17 : 44 -
18 all 22 adhesives
18 all 24 were
19 self 22 adhesives
22 adhesives 23 tested
23 tested 24 were
24 were 26 influenced
25 probably 26 influenced
27 by 28 water
28 water 29 aging
28 water 34 two
29 aging 31 however
30 , 31 however
31 however 32 ,
32 , 34 two
33 the 34 two
34 two 35 -
35 - 44 -
36 step 37 adhesive
37 adhesive 38 showed
38 showed 40 durability
38 showed 41 than
38 showed 43 one
38 showed 44 -
39 better 40 durability
42 the 43 one
43 one 44 -
44 - 46 adhesives
44 - 47 .
45 step 46 adhesives

the trend of the coincident cataract and glaucoma is likely to increase worldwide and it is a common finding in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 trend
2 trend 3 of
2 trend 9 is
3 of 7 and
4 the 6 cataract
5 coincident 6 cataract
6 cataract 7 and
7 and 8 glaucoma
9 is 10 likely
10 likely 11 to
10 likely 12 increase
11 to 12 increase
12 increase 13 worldwide
14 and 15 it
14 and 16 is
15 it 16 is
16 is 19 finding
17 a 19 finding
18 common 19 finding
19 finding 20 in
20 in 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 aging 23 population

the management of combined presence of cataract [and] glaucoma is a common clinical challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 management
2 management 3 of
2 management 10 is
3 of 5 presence
4 combined 5 presence
5 presence 6 of
6 of 9 glaucoma
7 cataract 9 glaucoma
10 is 14 challenge
11 a 12 common
11 a 14 challenge
12 common 14 challenge
13 clinical 14 challenge

due to the development of new microscopy and cataract phacoemulsification techniques , we have more choices of surgical method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 4 development
2 to 12 ,
2 to 13 we
3 the 4 development
4 development 5 of
5 of 8 and
6 new 7 microscopy
7 microscopy 8 and
8 and 11 techniques
9 cataract 11 techniques
10 phacoemulsification 11 techniques
13 we 14 have
14 have 16 choices
15 more 16 choices
16 choices 17 of
17 of 19 method
18 surgical 19 method

and the best surgical strategy will depend on the clinicians ' surgical techniques and patients ' characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 and 5 strategy
1 and 7 depend
2 the 3 best
2 the 5 strategy
4 surgical 5 strategy
5 strategy 6 will
6 will 7 depend
7 depend 8 on
8 on 14 and
9 the 10 clinicians
10 clinicians 11 '
11 ' 13 techniques
12 surgical 13 techniques
13 techniques 14 and
14 and 17 characteristics
15 patients 16 '
16 ' 17 characteristics

objective : bipolar disorder ( bd ) has been associated with persistent low - grade inflammation and premature cell senescence , as shown by reduced telomere length ( tl ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 bipolar
2 : 10 associated
3 bipolar 4 disorder
3 bipolar 9 been
3 bipolar 10 associated
4 disorder 6 bd
4 disorder 8 has
5 ( 6 bd
6 bd 7 )
8 has 9 been
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 24 by
11 with 17 and
12 persistent 15 grade
13 low 14 -
13 low 15 grade
15 grade 16 inflammation
16 inflammation 17 and
17 and 20 senescence
17 and 23 shown
18 premature 19 cell
19 cell 20 senescence
21 , 23 shown
22 as 23 shown
24 by 27 length
25 reduced 27 length
26 telomere 27 length
27 length 29 tl
28 ( 29 tl
29 tl 30 )

the human cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) has increasingly been implicated in accelerated immunosenescence in aging studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cytomegalovirus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 cytomegalovirus
2 human 3 cytomegalovirus
3 cytomegalovirus 5 cmv
3 cytomegalovirus 7 has
4 ( 5 cmv
5 cmv 6 )
7 has 9 been
8 increasingly 9 been
9 been 10 implicated
10 implicated 11 in
10 implicated 14 in
11 in 13 immunosenescence
12 accelerated 13 immunosenescence
14 in 15 aging
15 aging 16 studies

here , we compared [cmv] serology and its relationships with cell senescence markers , including tl and lymphocyte subsets , in patients with type i bd and healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 compared
4 compared 7 and
4 compared 10 with
4 compared 21 in
4 compared 23 with
6 serology 7 and
7 and 9 relationships
8 its 9 relationships
10 with 13 markers
11 cell 12 senescence
12 senescence 13 markers
13 markers 15 including
14 , 15 including
15 including 17 and
15 including 20 ,
16 tl 17 and
17 and 19 subsets
17 and 20 ,
18 lymphocyte 19 subsets
21 in 22 patients
23 with 24 type
23 with 29 controls
24 type 25 i
26 bd 27 and
27 and 28 healthy
27 and 29 controls

methods : twenty - two euthymic female patients with bd type i and 17 age - matched healthy controls were selected for the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 patients
2 : 11 type
2 : 16 -
2 : 25 .
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 8 patients
6 euthymic 8 patients
7 female 8 patients
8 patients 9 with
8 patients 11 type
9 with 10 bd
11 type 13 and
12 i 13 and
13 and 15 age
14 17 15 age
16 - 19 controls
16 - 21 selected
17 matched 19 controls
18 healthy 19 controls
19 controls 20 were
20 were 21 selected
21 selected 22 for
22 for 24 study
23 the 24 study

a sample of blood was collected and mononuclear cells and dna were isolated and tl measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 sample
2 sample 3 of
2 sample 5 was
3 of 4 blood
5 was 6 collected
7 and 10 and
7 and 12 were
8 mononuclear 9 cells
9 cells 10 and
10 and 11 dna
10 and 12 were
12 were 14 and
13 isolated 14 and
14 and 15 tl
14 and 16 measured

[cmv] immunoglobulin m ( [igm] [ )(and igg titers were measured using chemiluminescent assays . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 immunoglobulin 3 m
2 immunoglobulin 7 )(and
4 ( 7 )(and
7 )(and 9 titers
7 )(and 10 were
8 igg 9 titers
10 were 11 measured
11 measured 12 using
12 using 14 assays
13 chemiluminescent 14 assays

lymphocyte subsets [ t , natural killer ( [nk] [ )(and nkt ] were phenotyped by flow cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subsets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 phenotyped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 lymphocyte 2 subsets
2 subsets 11 )(and
2 subsets 14 were
3 [ 11 )(and
4 t 5 ,
5 , 7 killer
5 , 11 )(and
6 natural 7 killer
8 ( 11 )(and
11 )(and 12 nkt
11 )(and 13 ]
14 were 15 phenotyped
15 phenotyped 16 by
15 phenotyped 18 cytometry
16 by 17 flow

results : individuals with bd had shorter tls but higher [cmv] igg levels than controls ( [both] p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 6 had
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 6 had
4 with 5 bd
6 had 13 levels
6 had 14 than
7 shorter 13 levels
8 tls 9 but
9 but 10 higher
9 but 13 levels
12 igg 13 levels
14 than 15 controls
15 controls 19 <
16 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.01
19 < 21 )

[cmv] igg level was inversely correlated with tl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
2 igg 3 level
3 level 4 was
4 was 6 correlated
5 inversely 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 with
7 with 8 tl

none of the subjects showed igm reactivity for cmv , excluding acute viral infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
1 none 2 of
1 none 4 subjects
2 of 4 subjects
3 the 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 showed
5 showed 6 igm
5 showed 7 reactivity
7 reactivity 8 for
8 for 9 cmv
9 cmv 11 excluding
10 , 11 excluding
11 excluding 14 infection
11 excluding 15 .
12 acute 14 infection
13 viral 14 infection

[cmv] igg level was associated with expansion of senescent cd8+cd28 [-] t cells and nk cells , which are involved in viral control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 igg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 igg 3 level
2 igg 4 was
2 igg 5 associated
3 level 4 was
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 expansion
7 expansion 8 of
8 of 14 and
9 senescent 13 cells
10 cd8+cd28 12 t
10 cd8+cd28 13 cells
13 cells 14 and
14 and 16 cells
15 nk 16 cells
17 , 18 which
17 , 20 involved
18 which 19 are
19 are 20 involved
20 involved 21 in
21 in 23 control
22 viral 23 control

conclusions : these data support the hypothesis of accelerated aging in bd , as shown by shortened telomeres , higher seropositivity for cmv , and expansion of senescent t cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 support
2 : 31 .
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 support
5 support 30 cells
6 the 7 hypothesis
7 hypothesis 8 of
7 hypothesis 16 by
7 hypothesis 25 and
8 of 10 aging
9 accelerated 10 aging
10 aging 11 in
11 in 12 bd
12 bd 15 shown
13 , 15 shown
14 as 15 shown
16 by 18 telomeres
17 shortened 18 telomeres
18 telomeres 21 seropositivity
19 , 21 seropositivity
20 higher 21 seropositivity
21 seropositivity 22 for
21 seropositivity 24 ,
22 for 23 cmv
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 expansion
25 and 27 of
25 and 30 cells
27 of 28 senescent
28 senescent 29 t

purpose : to describe a new method of measuring early phase tear clearance by anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( as - oct ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 7 method
5 a 6 new
5 a 7 method
6 new 7 method
7 method 8 of
8 of 9 measuring
9 measuring 13 clearance
9 measuring 14 by
10 early 11 phase
11 phase 13 clearance
12 tear 13 clearance
14 by 19 tomography
15 anterior 16 segment
16 segment 19 tomography
17 optical 18 coherence
18 coherence 19 tomography
19 tomography 21 as
20 ( 21 as
21 as 23 oct
21 as 25 .
22 - 23 oct
23 oct 24 )

methods : sixty normal subjects were divided into a young group ( 30 subjects ; 29.6 ± 7.2 years [ )(and an elder group ( 30 subjects ; 71.4 ± 10.8 years [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 subjects
2 : 7 divided
2 : 15 ;
2 : 34 )(
3 sixty 5 subjects
4 normal 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 were
6 were 7 divided
7 divided 8 into
8 into 11 group
9 a 11 group
10 young 11 group
11 group 14 subjects
12 ( 14 subjects
13 30 14 subjects
14 subjects 15 ;
15 ; 16 29.6
15 ; 17 ±
15 ; 28 ;
16 29.6 17 ±
17 ± 18 7.2
18 7.2 21 )(and
18 7.2 24 group
18 7.2 27 subjects
19 years 21 )(and
21 )(and 23 elder
21 )(and 24 group
22 an 23 elder
25 ( 27 subjects
26 30 27 subjects
27 subjects 28 ;
28 ; 29 71.4
28 ; 30 ±
29 71.4 30 ±
30 ± 32 years
31 10.8 32 years

as - oct ( casia ss - 1000 , tomey , japan ) [with] customized software was used to record the tear meniscus at the centre of the lower eyelid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 as 3 oct
2 - 3 oct
3 oct 5 casia
4 ( 5 casia
5 casia 6 ss
6 ss 8 1000
6 ss 15 customized
6 ss 17 was
7 - 8 1000
8 1000 10 tomey
8 1000 15 customized
9 , 10 tomey
10 tomey 12 japan
10 tomey 13 )
11 , 12 japan
12 japan 13 )
15 customized 16 software
17 was 18 used
18 used 19 to
18 used 20 record
19 to 20 record
20 record 23 meniscus
20 record 24 at
21 the 23 meniscus
22 tear 23 meniscus
24 at 26 centre
25 the 26 centre
26 centre 27 of
27 of 30 eyelid
28 the 30 eyelid
29 lower 30 eyelid

five microlitres of lukewarm saline [solution] was dropped into the lower conjunctival sac , and an image of the tear meniscus was obtained immediately [and] again 30 seconds after natural blinking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 saline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 dropped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 five 2 microlitres
2 microlitres 3 of
2 microlitres 5 saline
3 of 5 saline
4 lukewarm 5 saline
5 saline 7 was
7 was 8 dropped
8 dropped 9 into
9 into 13 sac
10 the 13 sac
11 lower 13 sac
12 conjunctival 13 sac
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 image
15 and 23 obtained
16 an 17 image
17 image 18 of
17 image 22 was
18 of 21 meniscus
19 the 21 meniscus
20 tear 21 meniscus
22 was 23 obtained
23 obtained 24 immediately
23 obtained 26 again
23 obtained 29 after
27 30 28 seconds
28 seconds 29 after
29 after 31 blinking
30 natural 31 blinking

[the] tear meniscus height ( tmh ) and tear meniscus area ( tma ) were measured in the as - oct images , and the percentage decrease in the tmh and tma was used as a measure of the tear clearance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 tear 4 height
2 tear 8 and
3 meniscus 4 height
4 height 6 tmh
5 ( 6 tmh
6 tmh 7 )
8 and 9 tear
9 tear 10 meniscus
9 tear 17 in
10 meniscus 11 area
10 meniscus 15 were
10 meniscus 16 measured
11 area 13 tma
11 area 15 were
12 ( 13 tma
13 tma 14 )
17 in 24 and
18 the 22 images
19 as 21 oct
20 - 21 oct
21 oct 22 images
22 images 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 decrease
24 and 28 in
25 the 27 decrease
26 percentage 27 decrease
28 in 30 tmh
29 the 30 tmh
31 and 32 tma
31 and 34 used
32 tma 33 was
33 was 34 used
34 used 35 as
35 as 37 measure
36 a 37 measure
37 measure 38 of
38 of 41 clearance
39 the 41 clearance
40 tear 41 clearance

correlations between tear clearance and clinical features including degree of conjunctivochalasis , [degree] of protrusion [of] inferior lacrimal punctum , distance [of] lacrimal punctum from the marx line and fluorescein clearance rates were also determined in another healthy population consisting of 30 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 distance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 correlations 2 between
1 correlations 5 and
2 between 4 clearance
3 tear 4 clearance
5 and 9 degree
5 and 10 of
5 and 14 of
5 and 21 distance
6 clinical 7 features
7 features 9 degree
8 including 9 degree
10 of 11 conjunctivochalasis
12 , 14 of
14 of 19 punctum
14 of 20 ,
15 protrusion 19 punctum
17 inferior 19 punctum
18 lacrimal 19 punctum
21 distance 24 punctum
21 distance 25 from
23 lacrimal 24 punctum
25 from 29 and
26 the 28 line
27 marx 28 line
28 line 29 and
29 and 30 fluorescein
31 clearance 32 rates
31 clearance 33 were
31 clearance 35 determined
32 rates 33 were
34 also 35 determined
35 determined 36 in
36 in 39 population
37 another 39 population
38 healthy 39 population
39 population 40 consisting
40 consisting 41 of
41 of 43 subjects
42 30 43 subjects

results : the oct tear clearance rate was [35.2] ± 11 % for tmh and 28.1 ± 12.4 % for tma in the young group , and 12.4 ± 7.3 % and 6.2 ± 9.1 % , respectively in the elder group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 ±
2 : 15 and
2 : 32 and
3 the 7 rate
4 oct 7 rate
5 tear 6 clearance
6 clearance 7 rate
7 rate 8 was
8 was 10 ±
10 ± 12 %
11 11 12 %
12 % 13 for
13 for 14 tmh
15 and 16 28.1
15 and 17 ±
16 28.1 17 ±
17 ± 19 %
18 12.4 19 %
19 % 20 for
19 % 22 in
20 for 21 tma
22 in 31 %
23 the 25 group
24 young 25 group
25 group 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 ±
27 and 31 %
28 12.4 29 ±
29 ± 30 7.3
32 and 33 6.2
32 and 34 ±
33 6.2 34 ±
34 ± 36 %
35 9.1 36 %
36 % 39 in
37 , 38 respectively
37 , 39 in
39 in 42 group
39 in 43 .
40 the 42 group
41 elder 42 group

the differences were significant for both the tmh ( p = 0.017 ) and the tma ( p = 0.024 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 14 and
4 significant 5 for
4 significant 14 and
5 for 6 both
6 both 7 the
6 both 8 tmh
7 the 8 tmh
8 tmh 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.017
11 = 13 )
14 and 16 tma
14 and 19 =
15 the 16 tma
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.024
19 = 21 )

the oct - determined tear clearance was positively correlated with the fluorescein clearance rate , and negatively correlated with the distance between the lacrimal punctum and marx line [,] degree of conjunctivochalasis and degree of lacrimal punctum protrusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 oct
2 oct 7 was
3 - 4 determined
4 determined 6 clearance
4 determined 7 was
5 tear 6 clearance
7 was 16 and
8 positively 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
9 correlated 16 and
10 with 14 rate
11 the 14 rate
12 fluorescein 14 rate
13 clearance 14 rate
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 correlated
16 and 22 between
17 negatively 18 correlated
18 correlated 19 with
19 with 21 distance
20 the 21 distance
22 between 38 protrusion
23 the 38 protrusion
24 lacrimal 25 punctum
25 punctum 26 and
26 and 30 degree
26 and 31 of
26 and 38 protrusion
27 marx 28 line
28 line 30 degree
31 of 33 and
32 conjunctivochalasis 33 and
33 and 34 degree
33 and 35 of
35 of 37 punctum
36 lacrimal 37 punctum

conclusion : as - oct can be used as a rapid [,] [non] - invasive and quantitative method of determining the early phase tear clearance rate in a normal healthy population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 7 be
3 as 5 oct
4 - 5 oct
5 oct 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 used
8 used 9 as
9 as 18 method
10 a 11 rapid
10 a 18 method
11 rapid 14 -
11 rapid 18 method
15 invasive 16 and
16 and 17 quantitative
16 and 18 method
18 method 19 of
19 of 20 determining
20 determining 26 rate
20 determining 27 in
21 the 26 rate
22 early 23 phase
23 phase 24 tear
24 tear 25 clearance
25 clearance 26 rate
27 in 31 population
28 a 31 population
29 normal 31 population
30 healthy 31 population

age is one of the key risk factors of several human neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer΄s disease and parkinson΄s disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 age 2 is
2 is 18 and
3 one 4 of
3 one 18 and
4 of 8 factors
5 the 8 factors
6 key 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
8 factors 9 of
8 factors 15 as
9 of 13 disorders
10 several 13 disorders
11 human 13 disorders
12 neurodegenerative 13 disorders
14 such 15 as
15 as 17 disease
16 alzheimer΄s 17 disease
18 and 20 disease
19 parkinson΄s 20 disease

during aging the immune system of the brain undergoes multiple structural and functional changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 undergoes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 during 2 aging
1 during 5 system
3 the 5 system
4 immune 5 system
5 system 6 of
5 system 9 undergoes
6 of 8 brain
7 the 8 brain
9 undergoes 14 changes
10 multiple 14 changes
11 structural 12 and
12 and 13 functional
12 and 14 changes

the major immune cells of the brain - microglia and astrocytes - significantly change their morphology and functional state during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 cells
2 major 4 cells
3 immune 4 cells
4 cells 5 of
4 cells 14 change
5 of 7 brain
6 the 7 brain
7 brain 10 and
8 - 10 and
9 microglia 10 and
10 and 11 astrocytes
10 and 12 -
13 significantly 14 change
14 change 17 and
14 change 20 during
15 their 16 morphology
16 morphology 17 and
17 and 19 state
18 functional 19 state
20 during 21 aging

similarly , the blood brain barrier ( bbb ) , that is considered to be the iron curtain protecting the brain parenchyma [against] invasion of the pathogens , can be influenced by aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 barrier
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 6 barrier
3 the 6 barrier
4 blood 6 barrier
5 brain 6 barrier
6 barrier 8 bbb
6 barrier 13 considered
6 barrier 29 can
7 ( 8 bbb
8 bbb 9 )
10 , 13 considered
11 that 12 is
12 is 13 considered
13 considered 14 to
13 considered 15 be
13 considered 28 ,
14 to 15 be
15 be 18 curtain
16 the 18 curtain
17 iron 18 curtain
18 curtain 19 protecting
19 protecting 24 invasion
20 the 24 invasion
21 brain 24 invasion
22 parenchyma 24 invasion
24 invasion 25 of
25 of 27 pathogens
26 the 27 pathogens
29 can 30 be
30 be 31 influenced
31 influenced 32 by
32 by 33 aging

this state of altered brain immunity may lead to the increased brain vulnerability to viral infections , primoinfection as well as reactivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 lead
1 this 2 state
2 state 3 of
2 state 7 may
3 of 6 immunity
4 altered 5 brain
5 brain 6 immunity
7 may 8 lead
8 lead 9 to
8 lead 14 to
9 to 13 vulnerability
10 the 13 vulnerability
11 increased 12 brain
12 brain 13 vulnerability
14 to 16 infections
15 viral 16 infections
16 infections 18 primoinfection
17 , 18 primoinfection
18 primoinfection 21 as
18 primoinfection 23 .
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 22 reactivation

we hypothesize that impairment of the brain immunity and bbb integrity can create the optimal condition for viral infection that can further amplify the neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells and neurodegeneration induced and [driven] by disease modified proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 4 impairment
3 that 4 impairment
4 impairment 5 of
5 of 8 immunity
6 the 8 immunity
7 brain 8 immunity
9 and 11 integrity
9 and 23 amplify
10 bbb 11 integrity
11 integrity 12 can
12 can 13 create
13 create 16 condition
14 the 16 condition
15 optimal 16 condition
16 condition 17 for
16 condition 20 that
16 condition 23 amplify
17 for 19 infection
18 viral 19 infection
20 that 21 can
21 can 23 amplify
22 further 23 amplify
23 amplify 25 neuroinflammation
23 amplify 33 and
24 the 25 neuroinflammation
25 neuroinflammation 26 mediated
27 by 30 and
27 by 33 and
28 glial 29 cells
29 cells 30 and
30 and 31 neurodegeneration
30 and 32 induced
33 and 35 by
35 by 38 proteins
36 disease 37 modified
37 modified 38 proteins

valvular heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality , and with an aging population , its prevalence is increasing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 valvular 2 heart
2 heart 3 disease
3 disease 4 is
4 is 10 and
5 a 6 major
5 a 7 cause
6 major 7 cause
7 cause 8 of
7 cause 10 and
8 of 9 morbidity
10 and 11 mortality
12 , 13 and
13 and 20 prevalence
13 and 21 is
14 with 17 population
14 with 18 ,
14 with 20 prevalence
15 an 17 population
16 aging 17 population
19 its 20 prevalence
20 prevalence 21 is
21 is 22 increasing

here , we review the evolving use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in valvular heart disease , with particular focus on calcific aortic stenosis and infective endocarditis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 7 use
5 the 7 use
6 evolving 7 use
7 use 8 of
7 use 18 with
8 of 10 emission
9 positron 10 emission
10 emission 11 tomography/computed
10 emission 12 tomography
12 tomography 13 in
13 in 16 disease
14 valvular 15 heart
15 heart 16 disease
17 , 18 with
18 with 20 focus
18 with 28 .
19 particular 20 focus
20 focus 21 on
21 on 25 and
22 calcific 24 stenosis
23 aortic 24 stenosis
24 stenosis 25 and
25 and 27 endocarditis
26 infective 27 endocarditis

in principle , the activity of any pathological process can be studied , as long [as] an appropriate radiotracer can be developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 principle
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 activity
4 the 5 activity
5 activity 6 of
5 activity 10 can
6 of 9 process
7 any 9 process
8 pathological 9 process
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 studied
13 , 21 be
14 as 15 long
14 as 17 an
15 long 17 an
17 an 18 appropriate
17 an 19 radiotracer
18 appropriate 19 radiotracer
19 radiotracer 20 can
20 can 21 be
21 be 22 developed

we will review some of the early data using established tracers in [the] above and other conditions , providing discussion as to the future research and clinical roles of these techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 review
3 review 15 and
3 review 22 to
4 some 5 of
4 some 14 above
4 some 15 and
5 of 8 data
6 the 8 data
7 early 8 data
8 data 9 using
8 data 12 in
9 using 10 established
10 established 11 tracers
10 established 12 in
15 and 17 conditions
15 and 18 ,
15 and 19 providing
16 other 17 conditions
19 providing 20 discussion
21 as 22 to
22 to 26 and
23 the 25 research
24 future 25 research
25 research 26 and
26 and 28 roles
26 and 29 of
27 clinical 28 roles
29 of 31 techniques
30 these 31 techniques

furthermore , we will discuss the potential impact of novel tracers that are currently under development or testing in preclinical models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 will
4 will 5 discuss
5 discuss 8 impact
6 the 8 impact
7 potential 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
9 of 11 tracers
10 novel 11 tracers
11 tracers 12 that
11 tracers 13 are
12 that 13 are
13 are 14 currently
13 are 15 under
15 under 17 or
16 development 17 or
17 or 18 testing
17 or 19 in
19 in 21 models
20 preclinical 21 models

it is hoped that such advanced imaging might improve the diagnosis , treatment and outlook for patients with valvular heart disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hoped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 hoped
3 hoped 4 that
4 that 7 imaging
4 that 9 improve
5 such 7 imaging
6 advanced 7 imaging
7 imaging 8 might
8 might 9 improve
9 improve 14 and
9 improve 16 for
9 improve 18 with
10 the 14 and
11 diagnosis 12 ,
12 , 13 treatment
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 outlook
16 for 17 patients
18 with 21 disease
19 valvular 20 heart
20 heart 21 disease

the aim of this review is to summarise the evidence linking vitamin d to bone health outcomes in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 bone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 summarise
7 to 8 summarise
8 summarise 10 evidence
9 the 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 linking
11 linking 12 vitamin
11 linking 14 to
12 vitamin 13 d
14 to 15 bone
15 bone 17 outcomes
15 bone 18 in
16 health 17 outcomes
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

a plethora of scientific evidence globally suggests that large proportions of people have vitamin d deficiency and [are] not meeting recommended intakes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plethora
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 plethora
2 plethora 3 of
2 plethora 7 suggests
3 of 5 evidence
4 scientific 5 evidence
6 globally 7 suggests
7 suggests 8 that
8 that 10 proportions
8 that 13 have
9 large 10 proportions
10 proportions 11 of
10 proportions 13 have
11 of 12 people
13 have 17 and
14 vitamin 15 d
14 vitamin 16 deficiency
16 deficiency 17 and
17 and 19 not
17 and 22 intakes
19 not 20 meeting
21 recommended 22 intakes

older adults are at particular risk of the consequences of vitamin d deficiency owing to a combination of physiological and behavioural factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 are
3 are 4 at
3 are 15 to
4 at 6 risk
5 particular 6 risk
6 risk 7 of
6 risk 10 of
7 of 9 consequences
8 the 9 consequences
10 of 14 owing
11 vitamin 12 d
11 vitamin 14 owing
13 deficiency 14 owing
15 to 17 combination
16 a 17 combination
17 combination 18 of
18 of 22 factors
19 physiological 20 and
20 and 21 behavioural
20 and 22 factors

epidemiological studies show that low vitamin d status is associated with a variety of negative skeletal consequences in older adults including osteomalacia , reduced bone mineral density , impaired ca absorption and secondary hyperparathyroidism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 epidemiological 10 associated
1 epidemiological 11 with
1 epidemiological 23 ,
2 studies 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 8 status
4 that 10 associated
5 low 8 status
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 8 status
8 status 9 is
9 is 10 associated
11 with 13 variety
12 a 13 variety
13 variety 14 of
14 of 17 consequences
15 negative 17 consequences
16 skeletal 17 consequences
17 consequences 18 in
17 consequences 21 including
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 including 22 osteomalacia
23 , 27 density
23 , 28 ,
24 reduced 27 density
25 bone 27 density
26 mineral 27 density
28 , 31 absorption
28 , 32 and
29 impaired 31 absorption
30 ca 31 absorption
32 and 34 hyperparathyroidism
33 secondary 34 hyperparathyroidism

there seems to be inconsistent evidence for a protective role of vitamin d supplementation alone [on] [bone] [mass] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 there 2 seems
2 seems 3 to
2 seems 4 be
3 to 4 be
4 be 6 evidence
4 be 15 alone
5 inconsistent 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 for
7 for 10 role
8 a 9 protective
8 a 10 role
9 protective 10 role
10 role 11 of
11 of 14 supplementation
12 vitamin 13 d
12 vitamin 14 supplementation

however , it is generally accepted that vitamin d ( 17·5 [μg] / [d] [ )(in combination [with] ca ( 1200 mg/d ) reduces bone loss among older white subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 accepted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 6 accepted
5 generally 6 accepted
6 accepted 7 that
7 that 8 vitamin
7 that 24 reduces
8 vitamin 9 d
8 vitamin 11 17·5
8 vitamin 24 reduces
10 ( 11 17·5
11 17·5 13 /
11 17·5 23 )
13 / 16 )(in
16 )(in 19 ca
17 combination 19 ca
19 ca 22 mg/d
20 ( 22 mg/d
21 1200 22 mg/d
22 mg/d 23 )
24 reduces 26 loss
24 reduces 27 among
25 bone 26 loss
27 among 30 subjects
28 older 30 subjects
29 white 30 subjects

evidence for a benefit of vitamin d supplementation alone on reducing fracture risk is varied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 evidence 2 for
1 evidence 14 is
2 for 4 benefit
3 a 4 benefit
4 benefit 5 of
5 of 8 supplementation
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 8 supplementation
8 supplementation 9 alone
9 alone 10 on
10 on 11 reducing
11 reducing 13 risk
12 fracture 13 risk
14 is 15 varied

according to a recent agency for healthcare research and quality review in the usa the evidence base shows mixed results for a beneficial effect of vitamin d on decreasing overall fracture risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 base
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 5 agency
2 to 17 base
3 a 4 recent
3 a 5 agency
4 recent 5 agency
5 agency 6 for
6 for 11 review
7 healthcare 8 research
8 research 9 and
9 and 10 quality
10 quality 11 review
12 in 14 usa
12 in 17 base
13 the 14 usa
15 the 17 base
16 evidence 17 base
17 base 18 shows
18 shows 20 results
18 shows 31 fracture
19 mixed 20 results
20 results 21 for
20 results 25 of
20 results 31 fracture
21 for 24 effect
22 a 23 beneficial
22 a 24 effect
23 beneficial 24 effect
25 of 26 vitamin
26 vitamin 27 d
26 vitamin 28 on
28 on 29 decreasing
29 decreasing 30 overall
31 fracture 32 risk

limitations such as poor compliance with treatment , incomplete assessment of vitamin d status and large drop - out rates [however] , have been highlighted within some studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 limitations 3 as
1 limitations 8 ,
2 such 3 as
3 as 5 compliance
4 poor 5 compliance
5 compliance 6 with
6 with 7 treatment
8 , 10 assessment
8 , 15 and
9 incomplete 10 assessment
10 assessment 11 of
11 of 14 status
12 vitamin 13 d
12 vitamin 14 status
15 and 17 drop
15 and 20 rates
15 and 23 have
16 large 17 drop
18 - 20 rates
19 out 20 rates
20 rates 22 ,
23 have 24 been
24 been 25 highlighted
25 highlighted 26 within
26 within 28 studies
27 some 28 studies

in conclusion , it is generally accepted that vitamin d in combination [with] ca reduces the risk of [non] [-] vertebral fractures particularly [those] in institutional care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 it
3 , 7 accepted
4 it 5 is
5 is 7 accepted
6 generally 7 accepted
7 accepted 8 that
8 that 9 vitamin
8 that 15 reduces
9 vitamin 10 d
9 vitamin 11 in
9 vitamin 15 reduces
11 in 14 ca
12 combination 14 ca
15 reduces 17 risk
15 reduces 23 particularly
16 the 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 22 fractures
21 vertebral 22 fractures
23 particularly 25 in
25 in 27 care
26 institutional 27 care

the lack of data on vitamin d and bone health outcomes in certain population groups such as diverse racial groups warrants attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 warrants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 lack
2 lack 3 of
2 lack 21 warrants
3 of 4 data
4 data 5 on
4 data 12 in
5 on 8 and
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 8 and
8 and 11 outcomes
9 bone 11 outcomes
10 health 11 outcomes
12 in 15 groups
13 certain 14 population
14 population 15 groups
15 groups 17 as
16 such 17 as
17 as 20 groups
18 diverse 20 groups
19 racial 20 groups
21 warrants 22 attention

as part of the research relating personality and depression , this study seeks to predict depressive experiences in aging women according to sidney blatt 's perspective based on the five - factor model of personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 seeks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 as 5 research
1 as 12 study
2 part 3 of
2 part 5 research
3 of 5 research
4 the 5 research
6 relating 8 and
6 relating 10 ,
6 relating 12 study
7 personality 8 and
8 and 9 depression
11 this 12 study
12 study 13 seeks
13 seeks 14 to
13 seeks 15 predict
14 to 15 predict
15 predict 17 experiences
15 predict 18 in
15 predict 22 to
16 depressive 17 experiences
18 in 19 aging
19 aging 20 women
21 according 22 to
22 to 26 perspective
23 sidney 24 blatt
24 blatt 25 's
25 's 26 perspective
26 perspective 27 based
26 perspective 28 on
28 on 30 five
29 the 30 five
31 - 32 factor
31 - 36 .
32 factor 33 model
33 model 34 of
34 of 35 personality

the neo - five factor inventory and the depressive experiences questionnaire were administered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 neo
3 - 7 and
3 - 13 administered
3 - 14 .
4 five 6 inventory
5 factor 6 inventory
6 inventory 7 and
7 and 11 questionnaire
7 and 12 were
8 the 11 questionnaire
9 depressive 10 experiences
10 experiences 11 questionnaire
12 were 13 administered

the domains neuroticism , agreeableness , and conscientiousness predicted self - criticism , explaining 68 % of the variance ; the domains neuroticism and extraversion predicted dependency , explaining 62 % of the variance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
1 the 2 domains
2 domains 3 neuroticism
3 neuroticism 4 ,
4 , 5 agreeableness
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 10 self
7 and 12 criticism
7 and 14 explaining
8 conscientiousness 9 predicted
9 predicted 10 self
11 - 12 criticism
12 criticism 13 ,
13 , 14 explaining
14 explaining 16 %
14 explaining 20 ;
15 68 16 %
16 % 17 of
17 of 19 variance
18 the 19 variance
20 ; 24 and
20 ; 26 predicted
21 the 22 domains
22 domains 23 neuroticism
23 neuroticism 24 and
24 and 25 extraversion
24 and 26 predicted
26 predicted 27 dependency
26 predicted 29 explaining
28 , 29 explaining
29 explaining 31 %
29 explaining 35 .
30 62 31 %
31 % 32 of
32 of 34 variance
33 the 34 variance

the subfactors neediness and connectedness were differently related to personality traits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subfactors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 subfactors
2 subfactors 4 and
2 subfactors 6 were
2 subfactors 8 related
3 neediness 4 and
4 and 5 connectedness
4 and 6 were
7 differently 8 related
8 related 9 to
9 to 11 traits
10 personality 11 traits

these findings are relevant to the research relating personality and anaclitic / introjective depressive experiences in late adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 4 relevant
4 relevant 5 to
5 to 7 research
6 the 7 research
7 research 8 relating
8 relating 15 experiences
8 relating 16 in
9 personality 10 and
10 and 11 anaclitic
10 and 12 /
10 and 15 experiences
12 / 14 depressive
13 introjective 14 depressive
16 in 18 adulthood
17 late 18 adulthood

in this study we explore the strategies used by older women to cope with their ill health , in order to provide insight into how they might be drawn to use modern health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explore
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 explore
5 explore 7 strategies
5 explore 14 with
6 the 7 strategies
7 strategies 8 used
8 used 9 by
8 used 12 to
8 used 13 cope
9 by 11 women
10 older 11 women
12 to 13 cope
14 with 17 health
15 their 17 health
16 ill 17 health
17 health 19 in
18 , 19 in
19 in 20 order
19 in 35 .
20 order 21 to
20 order 22 provide
21 to 22 provide
22 provide 23 insight
22 provide 24 into
22 provide 30 to
24 into 25 how
25 how 26 they
25 how 29 drawn
26 they 27 might
27 might 28 be
28 be 29 drawn
30 to 31 use
31 use 33 health
31 use 34 services
32 modern 33 health
33 health 34 services

we used qualitative methods to collect data from 17 older women living in bibirchar union , sherpur district , bangladesh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 methods
2 used 5 to
2 used 6 collect
3 qualitative 4 methods
5 to 6 collect
6 collect 7 data
7 data 8 from
7 data 12 living
8 from 11 women
9 17 11 women
10 older 11 women
12 living 13 in
13 in 15 union
14 bibirchar 15 union
15 union 18 district
16 , 18 district
17 sherpur 18 district
18 district 19 ,
19 , 20 bangladesh

participants reported that they utilized both emotion [-] focused and problem - focused strategies , and that many of these were faith - based . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reported
1 participants 2 reported
2 reported 16 and
3 that 4 they
3 that 5 utilized
3 that 16 and
4 they 5 utilized
5 utilized 10 and
6 both 10 and
7 emotion 9 focused
7 emotion 10 and
10 and 11 problem
10 and 14 strategies
12 - 14 strategies
13 focused 14 strategies
14 strategies 15 ,
16 and 17 that
17 that 18 many
17 that 21 were
18 many 19 of
18 many 21 were
19 of 20 these
21 were 22 faith
22 faith 24 based
23 - 24 based
24 based 25 .

health policymakers need to acknowledge these strategies in the delivery of health care if older women are to take up health promotion activities and engage with the modern health care system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 policymakers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 need
1 health 2 policymakers
2 policymakers 3 need
3 need 4 to
3 need 32 .
4 to 5 acknowledge
5 acknowledge 7 strategies
5 acknowledge 14 if
6 these 7 strategies
7 strategies 8 in
8 in 10 delivery
9 the 10 delivery
10 delivery 11 of
11 of 13 care
12 health 13 care
14 if 16 women
14 if 17 are
15 older 16 women
16 women 17 are
17 are 18 to
18 to 24 and
19 take 20 up
19 take 23 activities
19 take 24 and
21 health 22 promotion
22 promotion 23 activities
24 and 25 engage
24 and 26 with
26 with 31 system
27 the 31 system
28 modern 29 health
29 health 30 care
30 care 31 system

aim : aging changes sleep patterns in most elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 4 changes
2 : 11 .
3 aging 4 changes
4 changes 6 patterns
4 changes 7 in
5 sleep 6 patterns
7 in 10 people
8 most 9 elderly
9 elderly 10 people

frailty shares a number of characteristics with sleep disorders and leads to similar results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 frailty 10 and
2 shares 6 characteristics
2 shares 7 with
2 shares 10 and
3 a 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 characteristics
5 of 6 characteristics
7 with 9 disorders
8 sleep 9 disorders
10 and 11 leads
10 and 12 to
12 to 14 results
13 similar 14 results

however , their relationship in residents of long - stay institutions remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 relationship
3 their 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 in
4 relationship 12 remains
5 in 6 residents
6 residents 7 of
7 of 11 institutions
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 stay
10 stay 11 institutions
12 remains 13 unclear

thus , the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep and frailty syndrome in residents of long - stay institutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 study
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 relationship
8 evaluate 11 between
8 evaluate 16 in
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 13 and
12 sleep 13 and
13 and 15 syndrome
14 frailty 15 syndrome
16 in 17 residents
17 residents 18 of
18 of 22 institutions
19 long 20 -
19 long 21 stay
21 stay 22 institutions

methods : this was a cross - sectional study of 69 institutionalized elderly in the city of joão pessoa , brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 was
2 : 20 ,
3 this 4 was
4 was 6 cross
5 a 6 cross
6 cross 9 study
7 - 9 study
8 sectional 9 study
9 study 10 of
9 study 13 elderly
9 study 20 ,
10 of 11 69
11 69 12 institutionalized
13 elderly 14 in
14 in 16 city
15 the 16 city
16 city 17 of
17 of 19 pessoa
18 joão 19 pessoa
20 , 21 brazil

the pittsburg sleep quality index , actimetry and specific tests for frailty phenotype variables were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 5 index
2 pittsburg 3 sleep
3 sleep 4 quality
4 quality 5 index
5 index 6 ,
6 , 7 actimetry
6 , 8 and
8 and 10 tests
8 and 11 for
8 and 15 were
9 specific 10 tests
11 for 14 variables
12 frailty 14 variables
13 phenotype 14 variables
15 were 16 used

pearson 's χ ( 2 ) - test , one - way anova and multiple linear regression were applied in statistical analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 pearson 2 's
2 's 8 test
3 χ 5 2
3 χ 7 -
3 χ 8 test
4 ( 5 2
5 2 6 )
9 , 10 one
9 , 11 -
11 - 14 and
11 - 19 applied
11 - 23 .
12 way 13 anova
13 anova 14 and
14 and 17 regression
14 and 18 were
15 multiple 17 regression
16 linear 17 regression
18 were 19 applied
19 applied 20 in
20 in 22 analysis
21 statistical 22 analysis

results : the sample [was] characterized as predominantly frail ( 49.3 % ) , mainly women ( 62.3 % ) , with a mean age of 77.52 years ( ± 7.82 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 sample
3 the 4 sample
4 sample 6 characterized
4 sample 12 %
4 sample 16 women
6 characterized 7 as
7 as 9 frail
8 predominantly 9 frail
10 ( 12 %
11 49.3 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 , 15 mainly
14 , 16 women
16 women 19 %
16 women 22 with
16 women 32 )
17 ( 19 %
18 62.3 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 , 22 with
22 with 25 age
22 with 32 )
23 a 24 mean
23 a 25 age
24 mean 25 age
25 age 26 of
26 of 28 years
27 77.52 28 years
28 years 30 ±
29 ( 30 ±
30 ± 31 7.82
30 ± 32 )

frail [elderly] exhibited poor sleep quality , when compared with [non] [-] frail individuals ( p = 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frail
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 frail 3 exhibited
3 exhibited 6 quality
3 exhibited 8 when
4 poor 5 sleep
5 sleep 6 quality
7 , 8 when
8 when 9 compared
8 when 19 )
9 compared 10 with
10 with 14 individuals
13 frail 14 individuals
14 individuals 17 =
15 ( 17 =
16 p 17 =
17 = 18 0.02

in the multiple linear regression analysis , sleep latency [(] r ( 2 ) = 0.11 , p = 0.003 ) and sleep quality [(] r ( 2 ) = 0.08 , p = 0.013 ) had an influence on frailty , especially sleep quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
1 in 3 multiple
1 in 6 analysis
2 the 3 multiple
4 linear 5 regression
5 regression 6 analysis
6 analysis 9 latency
6 analysis 15 =
7 , 9 latency
8 sleep 9 latency
9 latency 11 r
9 latency 13 2
9 latency 14 )
12 ( 13 2
13 2 14 )
15 = 16 0.11
16 0.11 19 =
17 , 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.003
19 = 21 )
22 and 23 sleep
22 and 37 had
23 sleep 24 quality
23 sleep 30 =
23 sleep 37 had
24 quality 26 r
24 quality 28 2
24 quality 30 =
27 ( 28 2
28 2 29 )
30 = 34 =
31 0.08 34 =
32 , 34 =
33 p 34 =
34 = 35 0.013
34 = 36 )
37 had 39 influence
37 had 40 on
38 an 39 influence
40 on 41 frailty
41 frailty 45 quality
42 , 43 especially
42 , 45 quality
44 sleep 45 quality
45 quality 46 .

no differences were found between rest - activity [pattern] and frailty phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 no 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 between
5 between 6 rest
7 - 10 and
7 - 13 .
8 activity 10 and
10 and 12 phenotype
11 frailty 12 phenotype

conclusion : sleep alterations , including poor sleep quality and prolonged latency , were related to frailty in institutionalized elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 sleep
3 sleep 4 alterations
3 sleep 18 in
3 sleep 19 institutionalized
4 alterations 6 including
4 alterations 14 were
5 , 6 including
6 including 10 and
6 including 13 ,
7 poor 8 sleep
8 sleep 9 quality
9 quality 10 and
10 and 12 latency
11 prolonged 12 latency
14 were 15 related
15 related 16 to
15 related 18 in
16 to 17 frailty
19 institutionalized 20 elderly

purpose : individuals with down [syndrome] ( ds ) may be at heightened risk for stroke due to a combination of physiological conditions and lifestyle choices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 11 be
2 : 27 .
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 10 may
4 with 8 ds
5 down 8 ds
7 ( 8 ds
8 ds 9 )
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 at
12 at 14 risk
13 heightened 14 risk
14 risk 15 for
15 for 26 choices
16 stroke 26 choices
17 due 18 to
17 due 24 and
18 to 20 combination
19 a 20 combination
20 combination 21 of
21 of 23 conditions
22 physiological 23 conditions
24 and 25 lifestyle
24 and 26 choices

there remains [a] lack [of] information regarding the effectiveness of exercise training on individuals with ds post - stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 there 2 remains
2 remains 4 lack
4 lack 6 information
4 lack 13 on
4 lack 15 with
6 information 7 regarding
6 information 10 of
7 regarding 9 effectiveness
8 the 9 effectiveness
10 of 12 training
11 exercise 12 training
13 on 14 individuals
15 with 17 post
16 ds 17 post
18 - 19 stroke
18 - 20 .

this case report describes the effects of a comprehensive exercise program on an individual with ds who had sustained a stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 3 report
2 case 3 report
3 report 4 describes
4 describes 6 effects
4 describes 12 on
4 describes 15 with
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 11 program
8 a 9 comprehensive
8 a 11 program
9 comprehensive 10 exercise
10 exercise 11 program
12 on 14 individual
13 an 14 individual
15 with 16 ds
16 ds 17 who
16 ds 18 had
17 who 18 had
18 had 19 sustained
19 sustained 21 stroke
20 a 21 stroke

method : a 20 [-] year - old male [with] ds recovering from a left hemorrhagic stroke 18 months [previous] underwent a 12 [-] week land and water - based program 60 minutes/session , 5 sessions/week . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 year
2 : 7 -
3 a 6 year
4 20 6 year
7 - 11 ds
8 old 9 male
9 male 11 ds
11 ds 12 recovering
11 ds 21 underwent
12 recovering 13 from
12 recovering 19 months
13 from 15 left
14 a 15 left
16 hemorrhagic 19 months
17 stroke 19 months
18 18 19 months
21 underwent 25 week
22 a 25 week
23 12 25 week
25 week 27 and
25 week 30 based
26 land 27 and
27 and 28 water
27 and 29 -
27 and 30 based
30 based 33 minutes/session
31 program 33 minutes/session
32 60 33 minutes/session
33 minutes/session 36 sessions/week
34 , 36 sessions/week
35 5 36 sessions/week
36 sessions/week 37 .

exercise sessions addressed specific limitations , including cardiorespiratory fitness , generalized muscle weakness , balance deficits , and reduced ambulatory ability in terms of speed , gait pattern and [walking] tolerance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 exercise 2 sessions
1 exercise 3 addressed
1 exercise 18 and
2 sessions 3 addressed
3 addressed 5 limitations
3 addressed 7 including
4 specific 5 limitations
6 , 7 including
7 including 9 fitness
7 including 10 ,
8 cardiorespiratory 9 fitness
11 generalized 13 weakness
11 generalized 18 and
12 muscle 13 weakness
13 weakness 16 deficits
14 , 16 deficits
15 balance 16 deficits
16 deficits 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 reduced
18 and 22 in
19 reduced 21 ability
20 ambulatory 21 ability
22 in 29 and
23 terms 24 of
23 terms 26 ,
24 of 25 speed
26 , 28 pattern
26 , 29 and
27 gait 28 pattern
29 and 31 tolerance

conclusion : improved cardiorespiratory fitness , strength , balance and mobility provide preliminary evidence of the trainability of individuals with both ds and stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 5 fitness
2 : 6 ,
3 improved 4 cardiorespiratory
4 cardiorespiratory 5 fitness
6 , 10 and
6 , 12 provide
7 strength 8 ,
8 , 9 balance
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 mobility
10 and 12 provide
12 provide 14 evidence
13 preliminary 14 evidence
14 evidence 15 of
14 evidence 20 with
15 of 17 trainability
16 the 17 trainability
17 trainability 18 of
18 of 19 individuals
20 with 23 and
21 both 23 and
22 ds 23 and
23 and 24 stroke

future studies are warranted to investigate the role of exercise in risk factor reduction for primary and secondary prevention of stroke [in] people with ds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 warranted
4 warranted 5 to
4 warranted 15 for
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 8 role
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
8 role 11 in
9 of 10 exercise
11 in 14 reduction
12 risk 14 reduction
13 factor 14 reduction
15 for 19 prevention
16 primary 17 and
17 and 18 secondary
17 and 19 prevention
19 prevention 20 of
20 of 23 people
21 stroke 23 people
23 people 24 with
24 with 25 ds

implications for rehabilitation individuals with down [syndrome] ( ds ) may be at heightened risk of stroke due to a combination of physiological conditions and lifestyle choices which contribute to reduced exercise capacity , accelerated aging patterns , moyamoya syndrome and physical inactivity as well as high rates of obesity and related conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 stroke
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 4 individuals
1 implications 16 of
1 implications 17 stroke
2 for 3 rehabilitation
4 individuals 5 with
4 individuals 11 may
5 with 6 down
6 down 9 ds
8 ( 9 ds
9 ds 10 )
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 at
13 at 15 risk
14 heightened 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
17 stroke 19 to
17 stroke 33 capacity
18 due 19 to
19 to 25 and
20 a 21 combination
21 combination 22 of
21 combination 25 and
22 of 24 conditions
23 physiological 24 conditions
25 and 27 choices
25 and 28 which
25 and 29 contribute
26 lifestyle 27 choices
28 which 29 contribute
29 contribute 30 to
30 to 32 exercise
31 reduced 32 exercise
34 , 41 and
35 accelerated 37 patterns
36 aging 37 patterns
37 patterns 38 ,
38 , 40 syndrome
38 , 41 and
39 moyamoya 40 syndrome
41 and 43 inactivity
42 physical 43 inactivity
43 inactivity 44 as
43 inactivity 46 as
43 inactivity 49 of
44 as 45 well
46 as 48 rates
47 high 48 rates
49 of 51 and
50 obesity 51 and
51 and 53 conditions
52 related 53 conditions

more intensive fitness programs may be particularly important for people with both ds and stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 programs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 more 4 programs
2 intensive 4 programs
3 fitness 4 programs
4 programs 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 8 important
7 particularly 8 important
8 important 9 for
8 important 11 with
9 for 10 people
11 with 14 and
12 both 14 and
13 ds 14 and
14 and 15 stroke

participation in a comprehensive exercise program can be safe and effective in regaining pre - stroke levels of cardiorespiratory fitness , functional mobility and goal attainment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 participation 2 in
1 participation 8 be
2 in 7 can
3 a 7 can
4 comprehensive 5 exercise
5 exercise 7 can
6 program 7 can
8 be 10 and
9 safe 10 and
10 and 11 effective
11 effective 12 in
12 in 13 regaining
13 regaining 24 and
14 pre 15 -
14 pre 16 stroke
16 stroke 17 levels
17 levels 18 of
17 levels 21 ,
18 of 20 fitness
19 cardiorespiratory 20 fitness
21 , 23 mobility
21 , 24 and
22 functional 23 mobility
24 and 26 attainment
25 goal 26 attainment

results suggest that a more intensive physical therapy regimen may be recommendable during out - patient rehabilitation for individuals with ds post - stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 results 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 9 regimen
3 that 11 be
4 a 9 regimen
5 more 6 intensive
6 intensive 8 therapy
7 physical 8 therapy
8 therapy 9 regimen
9 regimen 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 recommendable
12 recommendable 13 during
12 recommendable 20 with
13 during 17 rehabilitation
14 out 15 -
14 out 17 rehabilitation
16 patient 17 rehabilitation
17 rehabilitation 18 for
18 for 19 individuals
20 with 22 post
21 ds 22 post
23 - 24 stroke
23 - 25 .

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is characterized by intraneuronal β - amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau , leading to neuronal cell death and progressive memory losses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 15 and
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 8 characterized
7 is 15 and
8 characterized 9 by
9 by 14 plaques
10 intraneuronal 14 plaques
11 β 12 -
11 β 14 plaques
13 amyloid 14 plaques
15 and 16 hyperphosphorylated
15 and 19 leading
16 hyperphosphorylated 17 tau
18 , 19 leading
19 leading 20 to
19 leading 28 .
20 to 24 and
21 neuronal 23 death
22 cell 23 death
23 death 24 and
24 and 27 losses
25 progressive 27 losses
26 memory 27 losses

this exploratory work investigates if dietary resveratrol , previously shown to have broad anti - aging effects and improve ad pathology in vivo , leads to neuroprotective changes in specific protein targets in the mouse brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 3 work
2 exploratory 3 work
3 work 4 investigates
4 investigates 5 if
4 investigates 26 to
4 investigates 29 in
5 if 7 resveratrol
5 if 25 leads
6 dietary 7 resveratrol
7 resveratrol 10 shown
7 resveratrol 25 leads
8 , 10 shown
9 previously 10 shown
10 shown 11 to
10 shown 23 vivo
10 shown 24 ,
11 to 18 and
12 have 17 effects
12 have 18 and
13 broad 17 effects
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 effects
16 aging 17 effects
18 and 19 improve
19 improve 21 pathology
20 ad 21 pathology
22 in 23 vivo
26 to 28 changes
27 neuroprotective 28 changes
29 in 32 targets
30 specific 31 protein
31 protein 32 targets
32 targets 33 in
33 in 36 brain
34 the 36 brain
35 mouse 36 brain

both wild - type and app/ps1 mice , a transgenic ad mouse model , received control ain - 93g [diet] or ain - 93g supplemented with resveratrol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 both 2 wild
2 wild 3 -
2 wild 4 type
5 and 7 mice
5 and 15 received
6 app/ps1 7 mice
7 mice 13 model
7 mice 15 received
8 , 13 model
9 a 10 transgenic
9 a 13 model
10 transgenic 13 model
11 ad 13 model
12 mouse 13 model
13 model 14 ,
15 received 17 ain
15 received 26 with
16 control 17 ain
17 ain 21 or
17 ain 25 supplemented
18 - 21 or
19 93g 21 or
21 or 22 ain
21 or 23 -
24 93g 25 supplemented
26 with 27 resveratrol

pathology parameters and ad risk were assessed via measurements on plaque burden , levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 - β ( gsk3 - β ) , tau , transthyretin and drebrin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 pathology 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 and
3 and 5 risk
3 and 6 were
4 ad 5 risk
6 were 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 via
8 via 9 measurements
9 measurements 10 on
10 on 12 burden
11 plaque 12 burden
12 burden 14 levels
13 , 14 levels
14 levels 15 of
14 levels 28 ,
15 of 19 kinase
16 phosphorylated 17 glycogen
17 glycogen 19 kinase
18 synthase 19 kinase
19 kinase 20 3
19 kinase 22 β
21 - 22 β
22 β 24 gsk3
22 β 28 ,
23 ( 24 gsk3
24 gsk3 26 β
24 gsk3 27 )
25 - 26 β
26 β 27 )
28 , 32 and
29 tau 30 ,
30 , 31 transthyretin
30 , 32 and
32 and 33 drebrin

dietary resveratrol treatment did not decrease plaque burden in app/ps1 mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 dietary 2 resveratrol
2 resveratrol 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 decrease
6 decrease 8 burden
6 decrease 9 in
7 plaque 8 burden
9 in 11 mice
10 app/ps1 11 mice

however , resveratrol [-] fed mice demonstrated increases in gsk3 - β phosphorylation , a 3.8 [-] fold increase in protein levels of transthyretin , and a 2.2 [-] fold increase in drebrin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 mice
3 resveratrol 5 fed
5 fed 6 mice
6 mice 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 26 and
7 demonstrated 31 increase
8 increases 9 in
8 increases 26 and
9 in 10 gsk3
10 gsk3 13 phosphorylation
11 - 13 phosphorylation
12 β 13 phosphorylation
13 phosphorylation 19 increase
13 phosphorylation 25 ,
14 , 19 increase
15 a 19 increase
16 3.8 19 increase
18 fold 19 increase
19 increase 20 in
19 increase 25 ,
20 in 22 levels
21 protein 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 24 transthyretin
25 , 26 and
26 and 30 fold
26 and 31 increase
27 a 30 fold
28 2.2 30 fold
31 increase 32 in
32 in 33 drebrin

this study broadens our understanding of specific mechanisms and targets whereby resveratrol provides neuroprotection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 broadens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 broadens
3 broadens 5 understanding
3 broadens 11 whereby
4 our 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 specific 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 and
9 and 10 targets
11 whereby 12 resveratrol
11 whereby 13 provides
12 resveratrol 13 provides
13 provides 14 neuroprotection

adequate nutrition is critical to child development and institutions such as day - care centers could potentially complement children 's diets to achieve optimal daily intakes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nutrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 adequate 2 nutrition
2 nutrition 3 is
3 is 4 critical
4 critical 5 to
4 critical 11 as
5 to 8 and
6 child 7 development
7 development 8 and
8 and 9 institutions
10 such 11 as
11 as 12 day
13 - 15 centers
13 - 23 achieve
14 care 15 centers
15 centers 16 could
16 could 18 complement
17 potentially 18 complement
18 complement 21 diets
18 complement 22 to
19 children 20 's
20 's 21 diets
22 to 23 achieve
23 achieve 26 intakes
24 optimal 25 daily
25 daily 26 intakes

the aim of the study was to describe the full - day diet of children , examining and contrasting the relative contribution of home [-] derived versus institutional energy and nutrient sources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 sources
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 describe
7 to 8 describe
8 describe 18 and
9 the 13 diet
10 full 11 -
10 full 13 diet
12 day 13 diet
13 diet 14 of
13 diet 16 ,
14 of 15 children
16 , 17 examining
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 contrasting
18 and 22 contribution
18 and 32 sources
20 the 22 contribution
21 relative 22 contribution
22 contribution 23 of
22 contribution 32 sources
23 of 24 home
24 home 26 derived
24 home 27 versus
27 versus 30 and
28 institutional 29 energy
29 energy 30 and
30 and 31 nutrient

the present comparison should be considered in the domain of a case - study format . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 the 3 comparison
2 present 3 comparison
3 comparison 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 considered
6 considered 7 in
7 in 9 domain
8 the 9 domain
9 domain 10 of
10 of 12 case
11 a 12 case
13 - 14 study
13 - 16 .
14 study 15 format

the diets of 33 , 3 - 6 [y] old children attending low - income day - care centers serving either 3 or a single meal were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 diets
2 diets 3 of
2 diets 5 ,
3 of 4 33
5 , 11 children
5 , 23 or
6 3 7 -
7 - 8 6
7 - 11 children
10 old 11 children
11 children 12 attending
11 children 20 serving
12 attending 19 centers
13 low 16 day
13 low 17 -
13 low 18 care
14 - 16 day
15 income 16 day
16 day 17 -
18 care 19 centers
20 serving 21 either
20 serving 22 3
23 or 26 meal
23 or 27 were
24 a 26 meal
25 single 26 meal
27 were 28 examined

the home [-] diet was assessed by means of 3 [non] - consecutive 24 [-] hr recalls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 diet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 the 4 diet
2 home 4 diet
4 diet 5 was
5 was 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 by
7 by 8 means
8 means 9 of
9 of 10 3
12 - 17 recalls
12 - 18 .
13 consecutive 17 recalls
14 24 16 hr
16 hr 17 recalls

estimated energy and nutrient intakes at the centers and at home were assessed and related to recommended nutrient intakes ( rni ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 estimated 2 energy
2 energy 3 and
3 and 5 intakes
3 and 9 and
3 and 12 were
4 nutrient 5 intakes
6 at 8 centers
6 at 9 and
7 the 8 centers
9 and 10 at
10 at 11 home
12 were 14 and
13 assessed 14 and
14 and 15 related
14 and 16 to
16 to 21 rni
17 recommended 18 nutrient
18 nutrient 19 intakes
19 intakes 21 rni
20 ( 21 rni
21 rni 22 )

nutrient densities , critical densities and main sources of nutrients were computed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 nutrient 2 densities
2 densities 3 ,
3 , 5 densities
3 , 6 and
4 critical 5 densities
6 and 8 sources
6 and 9 of
6 and 11 were
7 main 8 sources
9 of 10 nutrients
11 were 12 computed

we observed that in children attending the day - care center serving three meals , home - foods contributed less than half the daily energy ( 47.7 % ) [and] between 29.9 [%] and 53.5 % of daily nutrients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 3 that
3 that 18 foods
3 that 19 contributed
4 in 5 children
4 in 18 foods
5 children 6 attending
6 attending 8 day
7 the 8 day
8 day 14 meals
9 - 14 meals
10 care 12 serving
11 center 12 serving
12 serving 14 meals
13 three 14 meals
14 meals 16 home
14 meals 17 -
15 , 16 home
16 home 17 -
18 foods 19 contributed
19 contributed 22 half
19 contributed 31 between
20 less 21 than
21 than 22 half
22 half 23 the
22 half 25 energy
23 the 25 energy
24 daily 25 energy
25 energy 28 %
26 ( 28 %
27 47.7 28 %
28 % 29 )
31 between 36 %
32 29.9 34 and
34 and 35 53.5
34 and 36 %
36 % 37 of
37 of 39 nutrients
38 daily 39 nutrients

in children receiving only lunch outside the home [,] energy contribution from the home was 83.9 % and 304 kcal lower than for children receiving 3 meals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lunch
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 children
1 in 5 lunch
2 children 3 receiving
3 receiving 4 only
5 lunch 6 outside
5 lunch 15 was
6 outside 11 contribution
7 the 11 contribution
8 home 10 energy
10 energy 11 contribution
11 contribution 12 from
12 from 14 home
13 the 14 home
15 was 17 %
16 83.9 17 %
18 and 20 kcal
18 and 21 lower
19 304 20 kcal
20 kcal 21 lower
21 lower 22 than
21 lower 23 for
21 lower 27 meals
23 for 24 children
24 children 25 receiving
26 3 27 meals

furthermore , between 59.0 [%] and 94.8 % of daily nutrients were provided at home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 8 %
3 between 6 and
4 59.0 6 and
6 and 7 94.8
6 and 8 %
8 % 9 of
8 % 12 were
9 of 11 nutrients
10 daily 11 nutrients
12 were 13 provided
13 provided 14 at
14 at 15 home

daily energy , nutrient intakes and nutrient densities were well above the nutrient requirements for this age group , and particularly high for vitamin a . the overall dietary variety was superior in the situation [of] greater contribution of home fare , but overall the nutrient density and adequacy of the aggregate intakes did not differ in any important manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 well
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 daily 2 energy
2 energy 3 ,
3 , 5 intakes
3 , 6 and
4 nutrient 5 intakes
6 and 7 nutrient
6 and 8 densities
6 and 9 were
6 and 10 well
8 densities 9 were
10 well 11 above
10 well 24 vitamin
11 above 13 nutrient
12 the 13 nutrient
13 nutrient 14 requirements
13 nutrient 23 for
14 requirements 15 for
14 requirements 17 age
15 for 16 this
17 age 20 and
17 age 23 for
18 group 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 particularly
20 and 22 high
24 vitamin 25 a
26 . 30 variety
26 . 31 was
26 . 48 and
27 the 30 variety
28 overall 30 variety
29 dietary 30 variety
30 variety 31 was
31 was 43 but
32 superior 33 in
32 superior 43 but
33 in 38 contribution
34 the 38 contribution
35 situation 38 contribution
37 greater 38 contribution
38 contribution 39 of
39 of 41 fare
40 home 41 fare
42 , 43 but
43 but 44 overall
43 but 47 density
45 the 47 density
46 nutrient 47 density
48 and 49 adequacy
48 and 56 differ
49 adequacy 50 of
49 adequacy 54 did
50 of 53 intakes
51 the 53 intakes
52 aggregate 53 intakes
54 did 55 not
54 did 56 differ
56 differ 57 in
57 in 60 manner
58 any 60 manner
59 important 60 manner

structural organization of the duodenal wall was studied in older men ( aged 70 - 75 years , n=15 ) , and its lymphoid tissue was examined using the qualitative and quantitative analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 structural
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 structural 2 organization
1 structural 7 was
1 structural 8 studied
2 organization 3 of
2 organization 7 was
3 of 6 wall
4 the 6 wall
5 duodenal 6 wall
8 studied 9 in
8 studied 17 years
9 in 11 men
10 older 11 men
11 men 13 aged
12 ( 13 aged
13 aged 14 70
13 aged 15 -
16 75 17 years
17 years 19 n=15
18 , 19 n=15
19 n=15 20 )
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 tissue
22 and 27 examined
23 its 25 tissue
24 lymphoid 25 tissue
25 tissue 26 was
26 was 27 examined
27 examined 28 using
28 using 33 analysis
29 the 33 analysis
30 qualitative 31 and
31 and 32 quantitative
31 and 33 analysis

deformation , flattening and sparseness of the intestinal villi were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 deformation 2 ,
2 , 3 flattening
2 , 4 and
4 and 5 sparseness
4 and 6 of
4 and 10 were
6 of 9 villi
7 the 9 villi
8 intestinal 9 villi
10 were 11 identified

atrophic phenomena in the organ mucous membrane were accompanied by the destruction of the cells of surface epithelium , crypts and glands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phenomena
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 atrophic 2 phenomena
2 phenomena 3 in
2 phenomena 8 were
3 in 7 membrane
4 the 7 membrane
5 organ 7 membrane
6 mucous 7 membrane
8 were 9 accompanied
9 accompanied 10 by
10 by 12 destruction
11 the 12 destruction
12 destruction 13 of
13 of 15 cells
14 the 15 cells
15 cells 16 of
16 of 21 and
17 surface 18 epithelium
18 epithelium 19 ,
19 , 20 crypts
19 , 21 and
21 and 22 glands

simultaneous infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes , eosinophils , neutrophils and malfunctions in a microcirculatory bed is [indicative] of the presence of inflammatory processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infiltration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 simultaneous 2 infiltration
2 infiltration 3 of
2 infiltration 7 with
2 infiltration 19 is
3 of 6 propria
4 the 6 propria
5 lamina 6 propria
7 with 13 and
8 lymphocytes 9 ,
9 , 10 eosinophils
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 neutrophils
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 malfunctions
13 and 15 in
15 in 18 bed
16 a 18 bed
17 microcirculatory 18 bed
19 is 21 of
21 of 23 presence
22 the 23 presence
23 presence 24 of
24 of 26 processes
25 inflammatory 26 processes

the duodenum of the elderly persons was characterized by the disruption of the integrity of the lamina muscularis [mucosae] that lead to the displacement of the duodenal glands from submucosa to the lamina propria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 duodenum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 duodenum
2 duodenum 3 of
2 duodenum 7 was
3 of 6 persons
4 the 6 persons
5 elderly 6 persons
7 was 8 characterized
8 characterized 9 by
8 characterized 22 to
8 characterized 31 to
9 by 11 disruption
10 the 11 disruption
11 disruption 12 of
11 disruption 15 of
12 of 14 integrity
13 the 14 integrity
15 of 18 muscularis
16 the 18 muscularis
17 lamina 18 muscularis
18 muscularis 20 that
18 muscularis 21 lead
20 that 21 lead
22 to 24 displacement
23 the 24 displacement
24 displacement 25 of
25 of 28 glands
26 the 28 glands
27 duodenal 28 glands
28 glands 29 from
29 from 30 submucosa
31 to 34 propria
32 the 34 propria
33 lamina 34 propria

the suppression of cell proliferative activity [,] decreased blast transformation activity , in the lymphoid tissue of the intestine , along with a high degree of cell destruction , lead to the weakening of local immunity in the elderly persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suppression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 suppression
2 suppression 3 of
2 suppression 8 decreased
3 of 6 activity
4 cell 6 activity
5 proliferative 6 activity
8 decreased 11 activity
8 decreased 13 in
9 blast 10 transformation
10 transformation 11 activity
12 , 13 in
13 in 16 tissue
13 in 29 ,
14 the 16 tissue
15 lymphoid 16 tissue
16 tissue 17 of
17 of 19 intestine
18 the 19 intestine
19 intestine 22 with
20 , 22 with
21 along 22 with
22 with 28 destruction
22 with 29 ,
23 a 25 degree
24 high 25 degree
25 degree 26 of
25 degree 28 destruction
26 of 28 destruction
27 cell 28 destruction
29 , 30 lead
30 lead 31 to
30 lead 37 in
31 to 33 weakening
32 the 33 weakening
33 weakening 34 of
34 of 36 immunity
35 local 36 immunity
37 in 40 persons
38 the 40 persons
39 elderly 40 persons

background : while the use of different cognitive strategies when encoding episodic memory information has been extensively investigated , modulation of brain activity by memory self [-] efficacy beliefs has not been studied yet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 20 modulation
2 : 33 studied
3 while 5 use
3 while 20 modulation
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 9 strategies
7 different 9 strategies
8 cognitive 9 strategies
9 strategies 10 when
10 when 11 encoding
10 when 18 investigated
11 encoding 14 information
11 encoding 15 has
12 episodic 13 memory
13 memory 14 information
15 has 16 been
16 been 18 investigated
17 extensively 18 investigated
18 investigated 19 ,
20 modulation 21 of
20 modulation 24 by
20 modulation 30 has
21 of 23 activity
22 brain 23 activity
24 by 29 beliefs
25 memory 28 efficacy
26 self 28 efficacy
28 efficacy 29 beliefs
30 has 31 not
30 has 32 been
32 been 33 studied
33 studied 34 yet

methodology/principal findings : sixteen young adults completed the prospective and retrospective metamemory questionnaire , providing individual subjective judgments of everyday memory function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 methodology/principal 2 findings
3 : 6 adults
3 : 7 completed
4 sixteen 6 adults
5 young 6 adults
6 adults 7 completed
7 completed 13 questionnaire
7 completed 15 providing
8 the 13 questionnaire
9 prospective 10 and
10 and 11 retrospective
10 and 13 questionnaire
12 metamemory 13 questionnaire
14 , 15 providing
15 providing 18 judgments
15 providing 22 function
15 providing 23 .
16 individual 18 judgments
17 subjective 18 judgments
18 judgments 19 of
18 judgments 22 function
19 of 21 memory
20 everyday 21 memory

the day after [,] using functional magnetic resonance imaging , the participants had to memorize real - world intentions ( e.g [.] , [return] a book to the library ) , which were performed later on in a virtual environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 day
2 day 3 after
3 after 5 using
3 after 10 ,
3 after 12 participants
5 using 9 imaging
6 functional 9 imaging
7 magnetic 8 resonance
8 resonance 9 imaging
11 the 12 participants
12 participants 13 had
13 had 14 to
14 to 15 memorize
15 memorize 19 intentions
16 real 17 -
16 real 18 world
18 world 19 intentions
19 intentions 21 e.g
20 ( 21 e.g
21 e.g 26 book
21 e.g 30 )
23 , 26 book
25 a 26 book
26 book 27 to
26 book 30 )
27 to 29 library
28 the 29 library
31 , 32 which
31 , 34 performed
32 which 33 were
33 were 34 performed
34 performed 36 on
34 performed 37 in
35 later 36 on
37 in 40 environment
38 a 39 virtual
38 a 40 environment
39 virtual 40 environment

participants also performed offline cognitive tasks evaluating executive functions , working memory , and attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 participants 3 performed
2 also 3 performed
3 performed 14 and
4 offline 6 tasks
5 cognitive 6 tasks
6 tasks 7 evaluating
6 tasks 14 and
7 evaluating 9 functions
8 executive 9 functions
9 functions 11 working
10 , 11 working
11 working 12 memory
11 working 13 ,
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 attention

during encoding , activity was found in medial temporal [lobe] , left prefrontal [cortex] , medial parietal regions , occipital areas , and regions involved in [(] pre )motor processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 during 2 encoding
1 during 3 ,
1 during 4 activity
4 activity 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 in
7 in 18 regions
8 medial 18 regions
9 temporal 11 ,
9 temporal 18 regions
12 left 18 regions
13 prefrontal 15 ,
13 prefrontal 18 regions
16 medial 18 regions
17 parietal 18 regions
19 , 23 and
20 occipital 21 areas
21 areas 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 regions
23 and 25 involved
25 involved 26 in
26 in 30 processes
28 pre 30 processes
29 )motor 30 processes

based on results from the questionnaire , the group was split into low and high memory self - efficacy believers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 split
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 based 2 on
1 based 7 ,
1 based 9 group
2 on 3 results
3 results 4 from
4 from 6 questionnaire
5 the 6 questionnaire
8 the 9 group
9 group 10 was
10 was 11 split
11 split 12 into
12 into 14 and
13 low 14 and
14 and 17 self
15 high 16 memory
16 memory 17 self
18 - 20 believers
18 - 21 .
19 efficacy 20 believers

comparison of encoding - related brain activity between the 2 groups revealed that the low memory self [-] efficacy believers activated more the hippocampus bilaterally , right posterior parahippocampal cortex , precuneus , and left lateral temporal cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 comparison 2 of
1 comparison 12 revealed
2 of 3 encoding
4 - 5 related
5 related 7 activity
5 related 8 between
5 related 12 revealed
6 brain 7 activity
8 between 11 groups
9 the 10 2
10 2 11 groups
12 revealed 13 that
13 that 20 believers
13 that 21 activated
14 the 20 believers
15 low 20 believers
16 memory 20 believers
17 self 19 efficacy
19 efficacy 20 believers
20 believers 21 activated
21 activated 22 more
21 activated 24 hippocampus
21 activated 25 bilaterally
23 the 24 hippocampus
26 , 30 cortex
26 , 31 ,
27 right 30 cortex
28 posterior 30 cortex
29 parahippocampal 30 cortex
31 , 34 and
32 precuneus 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 38 cortex
35 left 38 cortex
36 lateral 38 cortex
37 temporal 38 cortex

by contrast , more activity was found in dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus for the high - memory believers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 by 2 contrast
1 by 3 ,
1 by 5 activity
4 more 5 activity
5 activity 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 in
8 in 12 gyrus
9 dorsal 12 gyrus
10 anterior 12 gyrus
11 cingulate 12 gyrus
12 gyrus 13 for
13 for 18 believers
14 the 18 believers
15 high 16 -
15 high 17 memory
17 memory 18 believers

in addition , the low - memory believers performed more poorly at feature binding and [(] [at] trend ) manipulating visuospatial information in working memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 believers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 believers
4 the 8 believers
5 low 6 -
5 low 8 believers
7 memory 8 believers
8 believers 9 performed
9 performed 11 poorly
9 performed 12 at
9 performed 23 in
10 more 11 poorly
12 at 15 and
13 feature 14 binding
14 binding 15 and
15 and 18 trend
15 and 19 )
15 and 20 manipulating
20 manipulating 22 information
21 visuospatial 22 information
23 in 24 working
24 working 25 memory

conclusion/significance : overall , these findings indicate that memory self - efficacy beliefs modulate brain activity during intentional encoding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion/significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 conclusion/significance 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 , 6 findings
4 , 7 indicate
4 , 11 -
5 these 6 findings
6 findings 7 indicate
7 indicate 10 self
8 that 10 self
9 memory 10 self
11 - 13 beliefs
11 - 14 modulate
11 - 20 .
12 efficacy 13 beliefs
13 beliefs 14 modulate
14 modulate 16 activity
14 modulate 17 during
15 brain 16 activity
17 during 19 encoding
18 intentional 19 encoding

low memory self - efficacy believers activated more brain areas involved in visuospatial operations such as the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 low 2 memory
2 memory 3 self
4 - 6 believers
4 - 7 activated
4 - 19 .
5 efficacy 6 believers
6 believers 7 activated
7 activated 10 areas
7 activated 12 in
8 more 10 areas
9 brain 10 areas
10 areas 11 involved
12 in 14 operations
13 visuospatial 14 operations
14 operations 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 hippocampus
17 the 18 hippocampus

possibly , this increase reflects attempts to compensate for poor performance of certain neurocognitive processes , such as feature binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reflects
1 possibly 2 ,
1 possibly 4 increase
3 this 4 increase
4 increase 5 reflects
5 reflects 6 attempts
6 attempts 7 to
6 attempts 8 compensate
7 to 8 compensate
8 compensate 9 for
9 for 11 performance
10 poor 11 performance
11 performance 12 of
12 of 15 processes
13 certain 15 processes
14 neurocognitive 15 processes
15 processes 18 as
16 , 18 as
17 such 18 as
18 as 20 binding
18 as 21 .
19 feature 20 binding

by contrast , high - memory believers seemed to rely more on executive - [like] processes involved in cognitive control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 believers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 seemed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 by 2 contrast
1 by 3 ,
1 by 7 believers
4 high 5 -
4 high 7 believers
6 memory 7 believers
7 believers 8 seemed
8 seemed 9 to
8 seemed 10 rely
9 to 10 rely
10 rely 11 more
10 rely 12 on
10 rely 18 in
12 on 16 processes
13 executive 14 -
13 executive 16 processes
16 processes 17 involved
18 in 20 control
19 cognitive 20 control

the measurement of ovarian volume has been shown to be a useful indirect indicator of the ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age , in the diagnosis and management of a number of disorders of puberty and adult reproductive function , and is under investigation as a screening tool for ovarian cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 the 2 measurement
2 measurement 3 of
2 measurement 42 and
3 of 5 volume
4 ovarian 5 volume
6 has 7 been
6 has 42 and
7 been 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
8 shown 19 in
9 to 10 be
10 be 14 indicator
11 a 14 indicator
12 useful 14 indicator
13 indirect 14 indicator
14 indicator 15 of
15 of 18 reserve
16 the 18 reserve
17 ovarian 18 reserve
19 in 20 women
20 women 21 of
21 of 23 age
22 reproductive 23 age
23 age 25 in
24 , 25 in
25 in 28 and
25 in 41 ,
26 the 27 diagnosis
27 diagnosis 28 and
28 and 29 management
28 and 30 of
28 and 33 of
30 of 32 number
31 a 32 number
33 of 37 and
34 disorders 35 of
34 disorders 37 and
35 of 36 puberty
37 and 40 function
38 adult 40 function
39 reproductive 40 function
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 is
42 and 50 for
43 is 44 under
43 is 46 as
44 under 45 investigation
46 as 49 tool
47 a 49 tool
48 screening 49 tool
50 for 52 cancer
51 ovarian 52 cancer

to date there is no normative model of ovarian volume throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 to 2 date
1 to 4 is
2 date 3 there
4 is 7 model
4 is 11 throughout
5 no 7 model
6 normative 7 model
7 model 8 of
8 of 10 volume
9 ovarian 10 volume
11 throughout 12 life

by searching the published literature for ovarian volume in healthy females , and using our own data from multiple sources ( combined n=59,994 ) we have generated and robustly validated the first model of ovarian volume from conception to 82 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 by 2 searching
1 by 17 data
2 searching 5 literature
2 searching 9 in
3 the 5 literature
4 published 5 literature
5 literature 6 for
6 for 8 volume
7 ovarian 8 volume
9 in 13 and
10 healthy 11 females
11 females 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 using
15 our 16 own
15 our 17 data
17 data 18 from
17 data 25 we
17 data 26 have
17 data 28 and
18 from 20 sources
19 multiple 20 sources
20 sources 23 n=59,994
21 ( 23 n=59,994
22 combined 23 n=59,994
23 n=59,994 24 )
25 we 26 have
27 generated 28 and
28 and 30 validated
28 and 33 model
29 robustly 30 validated
31 the 33 model
32 first 33 model
33 model 34 of
34 of 36 volume
35 ovarian 36 volume
36 volume 37 from
36 volume 39 to
37 from 38 conception
39 to 41 years
40 82 41 years
41 years 42 of
42 of 43 age

this model shows that 69 % of the variation in ovarian volume is due to age alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 model
2 model 3 shows
3 shows 4 that
4 that 6 %
4 that 13 is
5 69 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 13 is
7 of 9 variation
8 the 9 variation
9 variation 10 in
10 in 12 volume
11 ovarian 12 volume
13 is 14 due
14 due 15 to
14 due 16 age
15 to 16 age
16 age 17 alone

we have shown that in the average case ovarian volume rises from 0.7 ml ( 95 % ci 0.4 - 1.1 ml ) at 2 years of age to a peak of 7.7 ml ( 95 % ci 6.5 - 9.2 ml ) at 20 years of age with a subsequent decline to about 2.8 ml ( 95 % ci 2.7 - 2.9 ml ) at the menopause and smaller volumes thereafter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 73 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 shown
3 shown 4 that
4 that 10 volume
4 that 11 rises
5 in 8 case
5 in 10 volume
6 the 8 case
7 average 8 case
9 ovarian 10 volume
10 volume 11 rises
11 rises 12 from
11 rises 20 -
11 rises 24 at
11 rises 66 at
11 rises 72 thereafter
12 from 14 ml
13 0.7 14 ml
15 ( 20 -
16 95 18 ci
17 % 18 ci
18 ci 19 0.4
18 ci 20 -
20 - 22 ml
20 - 23 )
21 1.1 22 ml
24 at 26 years
25 2 26 years
26 years 27 of
27 of 28 age
28 age 29 to
28 age 44 at
29 to 31 peak
30 a 31 peak
31 peak 32 of
31 peak 38 ci
32 of 34 ml
33 7.7 34 ml
35 ( 38 ci
36 95 38 ci
37 % 38 ci
38 ci 39 6.5
38 ci 42 ml
38 ci 43 )
40 - 42 ml
41 9.2 42 ml
42 ml 43 )
44 at 46 years
45 20 46 years
46 years 47 of
47 of 48 age
48 age 49 with
49 with 52 decline
50 a 51 subsequent
50 a 52 decline
51 subsequent 52 decline
52 decline 53 to
52 decline 60 ci
53 to 56 ml
54 about 55 2.8
55 2.8 56 ml
57 ( 60 ci
58 95 60 ci
59 % 60 ci
60 ci 61 2.7
60 ci 64 ml
60 ci 65 )
62 - 64 ml
63 2.9 64 ml
64 ml 65 )
66 at 69 and
67 the 68 menopause
68 menopause 69 and
69 and 71 volumes
70 smaller 71 volumes

our model allows us to generate normal values and ranges for ovarian volume throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 model
2 model 9 and
3 allows 4 us
3 allows 5 to
3 allows 6 generate
3 allows 9 and
5 to 6 generate
6 generate 8 values
7 normal 8 values
9 and 10 ranges
9 and 11 for
9 and 14 throughout
11 for 13 volume
12 ovarian 13 volume
14 throughout 15 life

this is the first validated normative model of ovarian volume from conception to old age ; it will be of use in the diagnosis and management of a number of diverse gynaecological and reproductive conditions in females from birth [to] [menopause] [and] [beyond] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 7 model
3 the 7 model
4 first 7 model
5 validated 7 model
6 normative 7 model
7 model 8 of
8 of 10 volume
9 ovarian 10 volume
10 volume 11 from
10 volume 13 to
11 from 12 conception
13 to 15 age
14 old 15 age
16 ; 17 it
17 it 18 will
18 will 19 be
19 be 20 of
19 be 36 in
20 of 25 and
21 use 22 in
21 use 25 and
22 in 24 diagnosis
23 the 24 diagnosis
25 and 26 management
25 and 27 of
27 of 35 conditions
28 a 29 number
29 number 30 of
29 number 35 conditions
30 of 35 conditions
31 diverse 35 conditions
32 gynaecological 33 and
33 and 34 reproductive
33 and 35 conditions
36 in 37 females
37 females 38 from
38 from 39 birth

sleep disorders are so frequently associated with depression that , in the absence of sleep complaints , a diagnosis of depression should be made with caution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 sleep 2 disorders
2 disorders 3 are
3 are 5 frequently
3 are 6 associated
4 so 5 frequently
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 9 that
7 with 8 depression
9 that 19 diagnosis
9 that 24 made
10 , 11 in
11 in 13 absence
11 in 17 ,
11 in 19 diagnosis
12 the 13 absence
13 absence 14 of
14 of 16 complaints
15 sleep 16 complaints
18 a 19 diagnosis
19 diagnosis 20 of
19 diagnosis 22 should
20 of 21 depression
22 should 23 be
23 be 24 made
24 made 25 with
25 with 26 caution

insomnia , in particular , may occur in 60 % - 80 % of depressed patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 insomnia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 insomnia 4 particular
1 insomnia 6 may
2 , 4 particular
3 in 4 particular
4 particular 5 ,
6 may 7 occur
7 occur 8 in
8 in 10 %
9 60 10 %
11 - 13 %
12 80 13 %
13 % 14 of
14 of 16 patients
15 depressed 16 patients

depressive symptoms are important risk factors for insomnia , and depression is considered an important comorbid condition in patients with chronic insomnia of any etiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 depressive 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 are
3 are 6 factors
4 important 6 factors
5 risk 6 factors
6 factors 7 for
7 for 8 insomnia
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 depression
10 and 13 considered
11 depression 12 is
12 is 13 considered
13 considered 17 condition
13 considered 18 in
13 considered 20 with
14 an 17 condition
15 important 16 comorbid
16 comorbid 17 condition
18 in 19 patients
20 with 22 insomnia
21 chronic 22 insomnia
22 insomnia 23 of
23 of 25 etiology
24 any 25 etiology

in addition , some drugs commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression may worsen insomnia and impair full recovery from the illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 drugs
4 some 5 drugs
5 drugs 7 prescribed
5 drugs 16 and
6 commonly 7 prescribed
7 prescribed 8 for
8 for 10 treatment
9 the 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 of
11 of 12 depression
13 may 14 worsen
13 may 16 and
14 worsen 15 insomnia
16 and 17 impair
17 impair 19 recovery
18 full 19 recovery
19 recovery 20 from
20 from 22 illness
21 the 22 illness

finally , we present a case report of a 65 [-] year - old caucasian woman suffering from insomnia associated with depression who was successfully treated with sleep deprivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 7 report
5 a 7 report
6 case 7 report
7 report 8 of
8 of 12 year
9 a 12 year
10 65 12 year
13 - 17 suffering
13 - 20 associated
14 old 15 caucasian
15 caucasian 17 suffering
16 woman 17 suffering
17 suffering 18 from
17 suffering 20 associated
18 from 19 insomnia
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 depression
22 depression 23 who
22 depression 24 was
23 who 24 was
24 was 25 successfully
24 was 26 treated
26 treated 27 with
27 with 29 deprivation
28 sleep 29 deprivation

hutchinson - gilford progeria syndrome and werner syndrome , also known as childhood - and adulthood - progeria , respectively , represent two of the best characterized human progeroid diseases with clinical features mimicking physiological aging at an early age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 hutchinson 6 and
1 hutchinson 15 and
2 - 6 and
3 gilford 4 progeria
4 progeria 5 syndrome
5 syndrome 6 and
6 and 8 syndrome
6 and 9 ,
6 and 11 known
6 and 12 as
6 and 14 -
7 werner 8 syndrome
10 also 11 known
12 as 13 childhood
15 and 16 adulthood
15 and 18 progeria
15 and 22 represent
17 - 18 progeria
18 progeria 19 ,
19 , 20 respectively
20 respectively 21 ,
20 respectively 22 represent
22 represent 23 two
23 two 24 of
23 two 31 with
23 two 34 mimicking
24 of 30 diseases
25 the 26 best
25 the 30 diseases
27 characterized 28 human
28 human 30 diseases
29 progeroid 30 diseases
31 with 33 features
32 clinical 33 features
34 mimicking 36 aging
35 physiological 36 aging
36 aging 37 at
37 at 40 age
38 an 40 age
39 early 40 age

the discovery of their genetic basis has led to the identification of several gene mutations leading to a spectrum of progeroid phenotypes ranging from moderate and mild - severe to very aggressive forms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 phenotypes
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 7 has
3 of 6 basis
4 their 6 basis
5 genetic 6 basis
7 has 8 led
8 led 9 to
9 to 11 identification
10 the 11 identification
11 identification 12 of
12 of 15 mutations
13 several 15 mutations
14 gene 15 mutations
15 mutations 16 leading
15 mutations 22 phenotypes
16 leading 17 to
16 leading 22 phenotypes
17 to 19 spectrum
18 a 19 spectrum
19 spectrum 20 of
20 of 21 progeroid
22 phenotypes 23 ranging
22 phenotypes 24 from
24 from 26 and
25 moderate 26 and
26 and 27 mild
26 and 29 severe
28 - 29 severe
29 severe 30 to
29 severe 34 .
30 to 33 forms
31 very 32 aggressive
32 aggressive 33 forms

in parallel , the creation of disease registers and databases provided available data for the design of relatively large - scale epidemiological studies , thereby allowing a better understanding of the nature and frequency of the premature aging - associated signs and symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parallel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 parallel
3 , 5 creation
3 , 9 and
4 the 5 creation
5 creation 6 of
5 creation 9 and
6 of 7 disease
8 registers 9 and
9 and 10 databases
10 databases 13 data
10 databases 26 allowing
11 provided 13 data
12 available 13 data
13 data 14 for
14 for 16 design
15 the 16 design
16 design 17 of
17 of 23 studies
18 relatively 19 large
19 large 20 -
19 large 21 scale
21 scale 23 studies
22 epidemiological 23 studies
24 , 25 thereby
24 , 26 allowing
26 allowing 29 understanding
26 allowing 44 .
27 a 29 understanding
28 better 29 understanding
29 understanding 30 of
29 understanding 35 of
30 of 33 and
31 the 32 nature
32 nature 33 and
33 and 34 frequency
35 of 38 aging
36 the 38 aging
37 premature 38 aging
38 aging 42 and
39 - 42 and
40 associated 41 signs
41 signs 42 and
42 and 43 symptoms
42 and 44 .

the aim of this article is to review the most recent findings concerning the epidemiology of premature aging disorders , their genetic basis , and the most recent reports on the frequency of associated diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 30 on
7 to 8 review
8 review 12 findings
9 the 12 findings
10 most 11 recent
11 recent 12 findings
12 findings 13 concerning
12 findings 16 of
13 concerning 15 epidemiology
14 the 15 epidemiology
16 of 25 and
17 premature 19 disorders
18 aging 19 disorders
19 disorders 20 ,
20 , 23 basis
20 , 25 and
21 their 23 basis
22 genetic 23 basis
24 , 25 and
25 and 29 reports
26 the 27 most
27 most 29 reports
28 recent 29 reports
30 on 32 frequency
31 the 32 frequency
32 frequency 33 of
33 of 35 diseases
34 associated 35 diseases

the evaluation of spontaneous lesions in classical inbred strains of mice has become [increasingly] important because genetically engineered mice ( gems ) are created on these backgrounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 evaluation
2 evaluation 3 of
2 evaluation 12 has
3 of 5 lesions
4 spontaneous 5 lesions
5 lesions 6 in
6 in 9 strains
7 classical 9 strains
8 inbred 9 strains
9 strains 10 of
10 of 11 mice
12 has 13 become
13 become 15 important
15 important 16 because
16 because 19 mice
16 because 24 created
17 genetically 18 engineered
18 engineered 19 mice
19 mice 21 gems
19 mice 23 are
20 ( 21 gems
21 gems 22 )
23 are 24 created
24 created 25 on
25 on 27 backgrounds
26 these 27 backgrounds

novel inbred strains - genetically diverse from classic strains - are valuable [both] as a new background for gem mice and to [increase] the genetic variation found in laboratory mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 novel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 novel 11 are
2 inbred 3 strains
3 strains 6 diverse
3 strains 11 are
4 - 6 diverse
5 genetically 6 diverse
6 diverse 7 from
6 diverse 10 -
7 from 9 strains
8 classic 9 strains
11 are 12 valuable
12 valuable 14 as
12 valuable 21 and
12 valuable 28 in
14 as 17 background
15 a 16 new
15 a 17 background
16 new 17 background
18 for 20 mice
18 for 21 and
19 gem 20 mice
21 and 22 to
22 to 26 variation
24 the 26 variation
25 genetic 26 variation
26 variation 27 found
28 in 30 mice
29 laboratory 30 mice

newly arising spontaneous genetic alterations in commonly used strains may also lead to new and valuable mouse models of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 newly 2 arising
2 arising 5 alterations
3 spontaneous 5 alterations
4 genetic 5 alterations
5 alterations 6 in
5 alterations 10 may
6 in 9 strains
7 commonly 8 used
8 used 9 strains
10 may 12 lead
11 also 12 lead
12 lead 13 to
13 to 18 models
14 new 15 and
15 and 16 valuable
15 and 17 mouse
17 mouse 18 models
18 models 19 of
19 of 20 disease

this report evaluates gross and histological lesions in relatively new , classic , and rarely explored mouse inbred strains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 report
2 report 3 evaluates
3 evaluates 7 lesions
3 evaluates 8 in
4 gross 5 and
5 and 6 histological
5 and 7 lesions
8 in 19 strains
9 relatively 10 new
10 new 11 ,
10 new 19 strains
12 classic 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 mouse
14 and 18 inbred
15 rarely 16 explored
16 explored 17 mouse
18 inbred 19 strains

pathological lesions of 1273 mice from 12 inbred strains ( 129s1/svw , a.ca - [h2] [(] f ) /w , akr/w , balb/cw , bn/aw , c57bl/6 w , c57bl/10 w , c3h/w , c3h ( wad [ )(/w , cba/w , dba/2 w , and wom/w ) are reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pathological
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 strains
1 pathological 2 lesions
1 pathological 8 inbred
1 pathological 9 strains
2 lesions 3 of
2 lesions 8 inbred
3 of 5 mice
4 1273 5 mice
5 mice 6 from
6 from 7 12
9 strains 14 -
9 strains 19 /w
10 ( 14 -
11 129s1/svw 12 ,
11 129s1/svw 13 a.ca
13 a.ca 14 -
14 - 17 f
14 - 18 )
19 /w 21 akr/w
19 /w 25 bn/aw
19 /w 30 c57bl/10
20 , 21 akr/w
21 akr/w 23 balb/cw
21 akr/w 24 ,
22 , 23 balb/cw
23 balb/cw 24 ,
24 , 25 bn/aw
25 bn/aw 27 c57bl/6
25 bn/aw 29 ,
26 , 27 c57bl/6
27 c57bl/6 28 w
27 c57bl/6 29 ,
29 , 30 c57bl/10
30 c57bl/10 31 w
30 c57bl/10 33 c3h/w
30 c57bl/10 40 ,
32 , 33 c3h/w
33 c3h/w 35 c3h
33 c3h/w 40 ,
34 , 35 c3h
35 c3h 39 )(/w
35 c3h 40 ,
36 ( 39 )(/w
37 wad 39 )(/w
39 )(/w 40 ,
40 , 50 reported
41 cba/w 43 dba/2
41 cba/w 46 and
42 , 43 dba/2
43 dba/2 44 w
43 dba/2 45 ,
46 and 47 wom/w
46 and 48 )
46 and 49 are
49 are 50 reported
50 reported 51 .

bn/aw , wom/w , and c3h [(] wad ) /w are novel inbred strains produced and maintained in the department of genetics and laboratory animal breeding at the center of oncology , warsaw , poland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 bn/aw 3 wom/w
1 bn/aw 5 and
2 , 3 wom/w
3 wom/w 4 ,
5 and 8 wad
5 and 9 )
5 and 10 /w
5 and 16 and
6 c3h 8 wad
10 /w 11 are
11 are 14 strains
12 novel 14 strains
13 inbred 14 strains
14 strains 16 and
15 produced 16 and
16 and 17 maintained
16 and 18 in
16 and 27 at
18 in 20 department
19 the 20 department
20 department 21 of
21 of 26 breeding
22 genetics 23 and
23 and 24 laboratory
24 laboratory 25 animal
25 animal 26 breeding
27 at 35 poland
28 the 35 poland
29 center 30 of
29 center 35 poland
30 of 31 oncology
31 oncology 33 warsaw
32 , 33 warsaw
33 warsaw 34 ,

both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lesions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 both 5 lesions
2 neoplastic 3 and
3 and 4 nonneoplastic
3 and 5 lesions
5 lesions 6 were
6 were 7 examined

the prevalence of lung neoplasms was significantly higher in a.ca - h2 ( [f] [ )(/w ( 33.3 % ) and balb/cw ( 33.8 % ) mice ( p < [.] 01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 6 was
3 of 5 neoplasms
4 lung 5 neoplasms
6 was 8 higher
7 significantly 8 higher
8 higher 9 in
9 in 10 a.ca
10 a.ca 21 and
11 - 21 and
12 h2 16 )(/w
12 h2 21 and
13 ( 16 )(/w
16 )(/w 19 %
16 )(/w 20 )
17 ( 19 %
18 33.3 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 and 27 mice
21 and 30 <
21 and 33 )
22 balb/cw 25 %
22 balb/cw 27 mice
23 ( 25 %
24 33.8 25 %
25 % 26 )
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 32 01

the prevalence of liver neoplasms was significantly higher in the cba/w strain [(] p < . 01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 6 was
3 of 5 neoplasms
4 liver 5 neoplasms
6 was 7 significantly
6 was 8 higher
8 higher 9 in
9 in 11 cba/w
10 the 11 cba/w
11 cba/w 12 strain
11 cba/w 15 <
12 strain 14 p
12 strain 15 <
16 . 17 01
16 . 19 )(

mammary gland neoplasms arose at a greater frequency in c3h/w mice [(] p < . 01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 neoplasms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 arose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 mammary 2 gland
2 gland 3 neoplasms
3 neoplasms 4 arose
4 arose 5 at
4 arose 9 in
5 at 8 frequency
6 a 8 frequency
7 greater 8 frequency
9 in 11 mice
10 c3h/w 11 mice
11 mice 13 p
11 mice 14 <
13 p 14 <
15 . 16 01
15 . 18 )(

the occurrence of uterine neoplasms was higher in dba/w and 129s1/svw mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 occurrence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 occurrence
2 occurrence 3 of
2 occurrence 6 was
3 of 5 neoplasms
4 uterine 5 neoplasms
6 was 7 higher
7 higher 8 in
8 in 10 and
9 dba/w 10 and
10 and 12 mice
11 129s1/svw 12 mice

akr/w and wom/w mice developed [t] - [cell] lymphoblastic lymphoma with high frequency ( 110/121 [ 90.9 % ] [and] 159/175 [ 90.9 % ] , respectively ) before 1 year of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 lymphoma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 akr/w 2 and
2 and 4 mice
2 and 5 developed
2 and 10 lymphoma
3 wom/w 4 mice
5 developed 7 -
5 developed 9 lymphoblastic
10 lymphoma 11 with
10 lymphoma 27 respectively
10 lymphoma 29 before
11 with 13 frequency
11 with 21 159/175
12 high 13 frequency
13 frequency 15 110/121
14 ( 15 110/121
15 110/121 18 %
15 110/121 19 ]
16 [ 18 %
17 90.9 18 %
18 % 19 ]
21 159/175 24 %
22 [ 24 %
23 90.9 24 %
24 % 25 ]
26 , 27 respectively
27 respectively 28 )
29 before 31 year
30 1 31 year
31 year 32 of
32 of 33 age

the occurrence of nonneoplastic lesions in the kidneys of bn/aw mice was increased ( p < [.] 01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 occurrence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 )(
1 the 2 occurrence
2 occurrence 3 of
2 occurrence 12 was
3 of 5 lesions
4 nonneoplastic 5 lesions
5 lesions 6 in
6 in 8 kidneys
7 the 8 kidneys
8 kidneys 9 of
9 of 11 mice
10 bn/aw 11 mice
12 was 13 increased
13 increased 16 <
14 ( 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 18 01

introduction : the article presents a selected part of an analysis of health - and lifestyle - related determinants of the longevity of male residents of the city of łódź . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 article
2 : 5 presents
2 : 18 related
2 : 31 .
3 the 4 article
4 article 5 presents
5 presents 15 and
6 a 8 part
7 selected 8 part
8 part 9 of
8 part 15 and
9 of 15 and
10 an 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 of
11 analysis 15 and
12 of 13 health
14 - 15 and
15 and 16 lifestyle
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 determinants
19 determinants 20 of
19 determinants 23 of
20 of 22 longevity
21 the 22 longevity
23 of 25 residents
24 male 25 residents
25 residents 26 of
25 residents 29 of
26 of 28 city
27 the 28 city
29 of 30 łódź

the who strategy for the european region assumes that the term ['] lifestyle ['] refers to the way of life based on the association between conditions of life understood in a broad sense and individual patterns of behaviour determined by socio - cultural factors and individual features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 who
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 who
3 strategy 4 for
3 strategy 8 assumes
4 for 7 region
5 the 7 region
6 european 7 region
8 assumes 9 that
9 that 34 and
9 that 39 determined
10 the 11 term
11 term 13 lifestyle
11 term 15 refers
11 term 34 and
13 lifestyle 15 refers
15 refers 16 to
15 refers 25 between
16 to 18 way
17 the 18 way
18 way 19 of
19 of 20 life
20 life 21 based
20 life 22 on
22 on 24 association
23 the 24 association
25 between 26 conditions
26 conditions 27 of
27 of 28 life
28 life 29 understood
28 life 30 in
30 in 32 broad
31 a 32 broad
33 sense 34 and
34 and 36 patterns
34 and 37 of
34 and 39 determined
35 individual 36 patterns
37 of 38 behaviour
39 determined 40 by
40 by 47 features
41 socio 42 -
41 socio 44 factors
43 cultural 44 factors
44 factors 45 and
45 and 46 individual
45 and 47 features

on this basis , the aim of this study is to identify the multiple statistical relationships on the mortality of men living in łódź , particularly the influence of the following variables on the probability of survival : age , subjective health assessment , nutritional habits , alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 on 3 basis
1 on 4 ,
1 on 6 aim
2 this 3 basis
5 the 6 aim
6 aim 7 of
6 aim 10 is
7 of 9 study
8 this 9 study
10 is 11 to
10 is 12 identify
11 to 12 identify
12 identify 16 relationships
12 identify 17 on
12 identify 23 in
13 the 16 relationships
14 multiple 16 relationships
15 statistical 16 relationships
17 on 19 mortality
18 the 19 mortality
19 mortality 20 of
19 mortality 22 living
20 of 21 men
23 in 24 łódź
25 , 28 influence
25 , 38 :
26 particularly 28 influence
27 the 28 influence
28 influence 29 of
28 influence 33 on
28 influence 36 of
28 influence 38 :
29 of 32 variables
30 the 31 following
30 the 32 variables
33 on 35 probability
34 the 35 probability
36 of 37 survival
38 : 50 and
39 age 40 ,
40 , 43 assessment
40 , 44 ,
41 subjective 42 health
42 health 43 assessment
44 , 46 habits
44 , 47 ,
45 nutritional 46 habits
47 , 49 consumption
47 , 50 and
48 alcohol 49 consumption
50 and 51 tobacco
50 and 52 smoking

materials and methods : the study sample ( 1004 respondents ) was selected , and the study was carried out , based on the standards of the cindi who programme . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 sample
4 : 12 was
4 : 15 and
4 : 31 .
5 the 7 sample
6 study 7 sample
7 sample 10 respondents
7 sample 12 was
8 ( 10 respondents
9 1004 10 respondents
10 respondents 11 )
12 was 13 selected
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 study
15 and 21 ,
16 the 17 study
17 study 21 ,
18 was 19 carried
18 was 21 ,
19 carried 20 out
21 , 22 based
21 , 23 on
23 on 25 standards
24 the 25 standards
25 standards 26 of
26 of 30 programme
27 the 30 programme
28 cindi 29 who
29 who 30 programme

the investigations included socio - demographic data , health status , lifestyle and anthropometric measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 investigations
2 investigations 3 included
3 included 13 and
4 socio 5 -
4 socio 7 data
6 demographic 7 data
7 data 8 ,
8 , 10 status
8 , 11 ,
9 health 10 status
11 , 12 lifestyle
11 , 13 and
13 and 15 measurements
14 anthropometric 15 measurements

conclusions : risky lifestyles and a reluctance to abandon them are responsible for a shorter lifespan among men in poland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 11 are
2 : 21 .
3 risky 4 lifestyles
4 lifestyles 5 and
5 and 7 reluctance
5 and 8 to
5 and 9 abandon
5 and 11 are
6 a 7 reluctance
8 to 9 abandon
9 abandon 10 them
11 are 12 responsible
12 responsible 13 for
12 responsible 17 among
12 responsible 19 in
13 for 16 lifespan
14 a 16 lifespan
15 shorter 16 lifespan
17 among 18 men
19 in 20 poland

reducing this difference between women and men is a real challenge for public health professionals and preventive medicine specialists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reducing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 reducing 3 difference
1 reducing 8 is
2 this 3 difference
3 difference 4 between
4 between 6 and
5 women 6 and
6 and 7 men
8 is 11 challenge
9 a 11 challenge
10 real 11 challenge
11 challenge 12 for
12 for 16 and
13 public 15 professionals
14 health 15 professionals
15 professionals 16 and
16 and 19 specialists
17 preventive 18 medicine
18 medicine 19 specialists

importance : magnetic resonance imaging markers of incipient cognitive decline [among] healthy elderly individuals have become important for both clarifying the biological underpinnings of dementia and clinically identifying healthy individuals at high risk [of] [cognitive] decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 6 markers
2 : 16 become
2 : 26 and
3 magnetic 6 markers
4 resonance 6 markers
5 imaging 6 markers
6 markers 7 of
6 markers 15 have
7 of 14 individuals
8 incipient 10 decline
9 cognitive 10 decline
10 decline 14 individuals
12 healthy 14 individuals
13 elderly 14 individuals
15 have 16 become
16 become 17 important
17 important 18 for
18 for 20 clarifying
19 both 20 clarifying
20 clarifying 23 underpinnings
21 the 23 underpinnings
22 biological 23 underpinnings
23 underpinnings 24 of
24 of 25 dementia
26 and 30 individuals
26 and 36 decline
27 clinically 30 individuals
28 identifying 30 individuals
29 healthy 30 individuals
30 individuals 31 at
30 individuals 36 decline
31 at 33 risk
32 high 33 risk

even though the role of hippocampal atrophy is well known in the later stages [of] decline , the ability of fornix - hippocampal markers to predict the earliest clinical deterioration is less clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 even 2 though
1 even 19 ability
2 though 4 role
2 though 8 is
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 8 is
5 of 7 atrophy
6 hippocampal 7 atrophy
8 is 9 well
9 well 10 known
11 in 16 decline
11 in 17 ,
11 in 19 ability
12 the 16 decline
13 later 14 stages
14 stages 16 decline
18 the 19 ability
19 ability 20 of
19 ability 25 to
19 ability 26 predict
19 ability 31 is
20 of 24 markers
21 fornix 22 -
21 fornix 24 markers
23 hippocampal 24 markers
25 to 26 predict
26 predict 30 deterioration
27 the 28 earliest
27 the 30 deterioration
29 clinical 30 deterioration
31 is 33 clear
32 less 33 clear

objectives : to examine the involvement of the hippocampus [-] fornix circuit in the very earliest stages of cognitive impairment and to determine whether the volumes of fornix white matter and hippocampal gray matter would be useful markers for understanding the onset of dementia and for clinical intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 21 and
2 : 49 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 involvement
5 the 6 involvement
6 involvement 7 of
6 involvement 18 of
7 of 12 circuit
8 the 12 circuit
9 hippocampus 11 fornix
11 fornix 12 circuit
12 circuit 13 in
13 in 17 stages
14 the 15 very
14 the 16 earliest
14 the 17 stages
18 of 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment
21 and 22 to
21 and 36 be
22 to 23 determine
22 to 35 would
23 determine 24 whether
24 whether 26 volumes
24 whether 29 white
25 the 26 volumes
26 volumes 27 of
26 volumes 29 white
27 of 28 fornix
29 white 31 and
30 matter 31 and
31 and 34 matter
32 hippocampal 34 matter
33 gray 34 matter
35 would 36 be
36 be 38 markers
37 useful 38 markers
38 markers 45 and
39 for 40 understanding
39 for 45 and
40 understanding 42 onset
41 the 42 onset
42 onset 43 of
43 of 44 dementia
45 and 46 for
46 for 48 intervention
47 clinical 48 intervention

design : a longitudinal cohort of cognitively normal elderly participants received clinical evaluations with t1 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusivity scans during repeated visits over an average of 4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 cohort
2 : 11 received
2 : 16 -
2 : 33 .
3 a 4 longitudinal
3 a 5 cohort
4 longitudinal 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 of
5 cohort 11 received
6 of 10 participants
7 cognitively 8 normal
8 normal 10 participants
9 elderly 10 participants
11 received 13 evaluations
11 received 14 with
12 clinical 13 evaluations
14 with 15 t1
16 - 20 imaging
16 - 21 and
17 weighted 19 resonance
18 magnetic 19 resonance
19 resonance 20 imaging
21 and 22 diffusivity
21 and 23 scans
22 diffusivity 23 scans
23 scans 24 during
23 scans 27 over
24 during 26 visits
25 repeated 26 visits
27 over 29 average
28 an 29 average
29 average 30 of
30 of 32 years
31 4 32 years

regression and cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationships between fornix and hippocampal measures and their predictive power for incidence [and] time of conversion from normal [to] impaired cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 regression 2 and
2 and 6 models
2 and 7 were
3 cox 6 models
4 proportional 5 hazards
5 hazards 6 models
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 analyze
9 to 10 analyze
10 analyze 12 relationships
10 analyze 13 between
10 analyze 22 for
11 the 12 relationships
13 between 18 and
14 fornix 15 and
15 and 17 measures
15 and 18 and
16 hippocampal 17 measures
18 and 21 power
19 their 21 power
20 predictive 21 power
22 for 25 time
23 incidence 25 time
25 time 26 of
25 time 28 from
26 of 27 conversion
28 from 32 cognition
29 normal 32 cognition
31 impaired 32 cognition

setting : a cohort [of] community - recruited elderly individuals at the alzheimer disease center of the university of california , davis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 6 community
3 a 6 community
4 cohort 6 community
6 community 10 individuals
7 - 10 individuals
8 recruited 10 individuals
9 elderly 10 individuals
10 individuals 11 at
10 individuals 21 ,
11 at 15 center
12 the 15 center
13 alzheimer 14 disease
14 disease 15 center
15 center 16 of
16 of 18 university
17 the 18 university
18 university 19 of
19 of 20 california
21 , 22 davis

participants : a total of 102 cognitively normal elderly participants , with an average age of 73 years , recruited through community outreach using methods designed to enhance ethnic diversity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 participants 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 10 participants
6 102 10 participants
7 cognitively 8 normal
8 normal 10 participants
9 elderly 10 participants
10 participants 12 with
10 participants 23 outreach
11 , 12 with
12 with 15 age
12 with 19 ,
13 an 14 average
13 an 15 age
14 average 15 age
15 age 16 of
16 of 18 years
17 73 18 years
19 , 23 outreach
20 recruited 22 community
21 through 22 community
22 community 23 outreach
23 outreach 24 using
23 outreach 31 .
24 using 25 methods
25 methods 26 designed
26 designed 27 to
26 designed 28 enhance
27 to 28 enhance
28 enhance 30 diversity
29 ethnic 30 diversity

main outcomes and measures : our preliminary hypothesis was that fornix white matter volume should be a significant predictor [of] cognitive decline among normal elderly individuals and that fornix measures would be associated with gray matter changes in the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
5 : 8 hypothesis
5 : 9 was
5 : 27 and
5 : 41 .
6 our 8 hypothesis
7 preliminary 8 hypothesis
8 hypothesis 9 was
9 was 11 fornix
10 that 11 fornix
11 fornix 14 volume
11 fornix 16 be
12 white 13 matter
13 matter 14 volume
14 volume 15 should
15 should 16 be
16 be 22 decline
17 a 18 significant
17 a 22 decline
18 significant 19 predictor
19 predictor 22 decline
21 cognitive 22 decline
22 decline 23 among
23 among 26 individuals
24 normal 26 individuals
25 elderly 26 individuals
27 and 30 measures
27 and 33 associated
28 that 29 fornix
29 fornix 30 measures
30 measures 31 would
31 would 32 be
32 be 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 37 changes
34 with 38 in
35 gray 37 changes
36 matter 37 changes
38 in 40 hippocampus
39 the 40 hippocampus

results : fornix body volume and axial diffusivity were highly significant predictors [(] p = . 02 and ..y 005 , respectively ) [of] [cognitive] decline from normal cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 6 and
2 : 9 were
3 fornix 5 volume
4 body 5 volume
5 volume 6 and
6 and 8 diffusivity
6 and 9 were
7 axial 8 diffusivity
9 were 12 predictors
10 highly 11 significant
11 significant 12 predictors
12 predictors 14 p
12 predictors 15 =
14 p 15 =
16 . 17 02
16 . 18 and
16 . 30 .
18 and 19 ..y
18 and 26 decline
19 ..y 20 005
20 005 26 decline
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 )
22 respectively 26 decline
26 decline 27 from
27 from 29 cognition
28 normal 29 cognition

hippocampal volume was not significant as a predictor [of] decline but was significantly associated with fornix volume and diffusivity ( p = [.] 004 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 hippocampal 2 volume
2 volume 11 but
3 was 4 not
3 was 5 significant
3 was 11 but
4 not 5 significant
5 significant 6 as
6 as 10 decline
7 a 10 decline
8 predictor 10 decline
11 but 12 was
12 was 14 associated
13 significantly 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 18 and
16 fornix 17 volume
17 volume 18 and
18 and 19 diffusivity
18 and 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 24 004
22 = 25 )

conclusions and relevance : this could be among the first studies establishing fornix degeneration as a predictor of incipient cognitive decline [among] healthy elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 5 this
4 : 7 be
4 : 26 .
5 this 6 could
6 could 7 be
7 be 8 among
8 among 11 studies
9 the 11 studies
10 first 11 studies
11 studies 12 establishing
12 establishing 14 degeneration
12 establishing 15 as
13 fornix 14 degeneration
15 as 17 predictor
16 a 17 predictor
17 predictor 18 of
18 of 25 individuals
19 incipient 21 decline
20 cognitive 21 decline
21 decline 25 individuals
23 healthy 25 individuals
24 elderly 25 individuals

predictive fornix volume reductions might be explained at least in part by clinically silent hippocampus degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reductions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 predictive 2 fornix
2 fornix 4 reductions
3 volume 4 reductions
4 reductions 5 might
5 might 6 be
6 be 7 explained
7 explained 9 least
7 explained 11 part
8 at 9 least
10 in 11 part
11 part 12 by
12 by 16 degeneration
13 clinically 14 silent
14 silent 15 hippocampus
15 hippocampus 16 degeneration

there is a significant clinical need for effective therapies for primary progressive multiple sclerosis , which presents later [in] life ( i.e [.] [,] older than 50 years [ )(and [has] symptoms that increase in severity without remission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 there 2 is
2 is 6 need
3 a 4 significant
3 a 6 need
4 significant 6 need
5 clinical 6 need
6 need 7 for
6 need 16 which
7 for 9 therapies
8 effective 9 therapies
9 therapies 10 for
10 for 14 sclerosis
11 primary 14 sclerosis
12 progressive 14 sclerosis
13 multiple 14 sclerosis
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 presents
17 presents 20 life
18 later 20 life
20 life 30 )(and
21 ( 30 )(and
22 i.e 25 older
22 i.e 30 )(and
25 older 26 than
26 than 28 years
27 50 28 years
30 )(and 32 symptoms
30 )(and 33 that
30 )(and 34 increase
30 )(and 39 .
33 that 34 increase
34 increase 35 in
35 in 36 severity
36 severity 37 without
37 without 38 remission

with autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy now in the early phases of clinical trials for all forms of multiple sclerosis [(] [ms] ) [,] it is necessary to determine whether autologous stem cells from older donors have therapeutic effectiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 with 6 therapy
1 with 7 now
1 with 8 in
1 with 23 )
1 with 25 it
2 autologous 5 cell
3 mesenchymal 4 stem
4 stem 5 cell
5 cell 6 therapy
8 in 11 phases
9 the 11 phases
10 early 11 phases
11 phases 12 of
12 of 14 trials
13 clinical 14 trials
14 trials 15 for
14 trials 18 of
15 for 17 forms
16 all 17 forms
18 of 20 sclerosis
19 multiple 20 sclerosis
25 it 26 is
26 is 27 necessary
27 necessary 28 to
27 necessary 29 determine
28 to 29 determine
29 determine 30 whether
30 whether 33 cells
30 whether 37 have
31 autologous 32 stem
32 stem 33 cells
33 cells 34 from
33 cells 37 have
34 from 36 donors
35 older 36 donors
37 have 39 effectiveness
38 therapeutic 39 effectiveness

in this study , the therapeutic efficacy of human adipose - derived mesenchymal stem cells ( ascs ) from older donors was directly compared with that of cells from younger donors for disease prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 efficacy
2 this 3 study
5 the 7 efficacy
6 therapeutic 7 efficacy
7 efficacy 8 of
7 efficacy 19 from
7 efficacy 22 was
8 of 10 adipose
9 human 10 adipose
10 adipose 15 cells
11 - 15 cells
12 derived 14 stem
13 mesenchymal 14 stem
14 stem 15 cells
15 cells 17 ascs
15 cells 18 )
16 ( 17 ascs
17 ascs 18 )
19 from 21 donors
20 older 21 donors
22 was 23 directly
22 was 24 compared
24 compared 25 with
25 with 26 that
26 that 27 of
27 of 28 cells
28 cells 29 from
29 from 31 donors
30 younger 31 donors
31 donors 32 for
32 for 34 prevention
33 disease 34 prevention

mice were induced with chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( eae ) using the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35 - 55 peptide and treated before disease [onset] with ascs derived [from] younger ( < 35 years ) or older [(] >60 years ) donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 mice 20 and
2 were 3 induced
2 were 20 and
3 induced 4 with
4 with 8 encephalomyelitis
4 with 12 using
5 chronic 7 autoimmune
6 experimental 7 autoimmune
7 autoimmune 8 encephalomyelitis
8 encephalomyelitis 10 eae
9 ( 10 eae
10 eae 11 )
12 using 19 peptide
13 the 19 peptide
14 myelin 19 peptide
15 oligodendrocyte 19 peptide
16 glycoprotein35 17 -
16 glycoprotein35 19 peptide
18 55 19 peptide
20 and 21 treated
20 and 22 before
20 and 41 donors
23 disease 25 with
23 disease 35 or
25 with 26 ascs
26 ascs 27 derived
26 ascs 33 years
27 derived 29 younger
30 ( 33 years
31 < 32 35
32 35 33 years
33 years 34 )
35 or 39 years
35 or 40 )
35 or 41 donors
36 older 39 years
38 >60 39 years

ascs from older donors failed to ameliorate the neurodegeneration associated with eae , and mice treated with older donor cells had increased central nervous system inflammation , demyelination , and splenocyte proliferation in vitro compared with the mice receiving cells from younger donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ascs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 failed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 ascs 2 from
1 ascs 5 failed
2 from 4 donors
3 older 4 donors
5 failed 6 to
5 failed 11 with
6 to 7 ameliorate
7 ameliorate 9 neurodegeneration
8 the 9 neurodegeneration
9 neurodegeneration 10 associated
11 with 12 eae
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 mice
14 and 22 increased
15 mice 16 treated
15 mice 21 had
16 treated 17 with
17 with 20 cells
18 older 19 donor
19 donor 20 cells
21 had 22 increased
22 increased 30 and
23 central 25 system
24 nervous 25 system
25 system 26 inflammation
26 inflammation 27 ,
27 , 28 demyelination
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 proliferation
30 and 35 compared
30 and 39 receiving
30 and 41 from
31 splenocyte 32 proliferation
33 in 34 vitro
34 vitro 35 compared
35 compared 36 with
36 with 38 mice
37 the 38 mice
39 receiving 40 cells
41 from 43 donors
42 younger 43 donors

therefore , the results of this study demonstrated that donor age significantly affects the ability of human ascs to provide neuroprotection , immunomodulation , [and/or] remyelination in eae mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrated
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 demonstrated
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 demonstrated 9 that
9 that 11 age
9 that 13 affects
10 donor 11 age
11 age 13 affects
12 significantly 13 affects
13 affects 15 ability
14 the 15 ability
15 ability 16 of
15 ability 19 to
15 ability 20 provide
16 of 18 ascs
17 human 18 ascs
19 to 20 provide
20 provide 21 neuroprotection
21 neuroprotection 23 immunomodulation
21 neuroprotection 26 remyelination
22 , 23 immunomodulation
23 immunomodulation 24 ,
24 , 26 remyelination
26 remyelination 27 in
26 remyelination 30 .
27 in 29 mice
28 eae 29 mice

the age - related therapeutic differences corroborate recent findings that biologic aging occurs in stem cells , and the differences are supported by evidence in this study that older ascs , compared with younger donor cells , secrete less hepatocyte growth [factor] and other bioactive molecules when stimulated in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 age
3 - 6 differences
3 - 7 corroborate
3 - 18 and
3 - 51 .
4 related 6 differences
5 therapeutic 6 differences
6 differences 7 corroborate
7 corroborate 9 findings
8 recent 9 findings
9 findings 10 that
10 that 12 aging
10 that 13 occurs
11 biologic 12 aging
12 aging 13 occurs
13 occurs 14 in
14 in 16 cells
15 stem 16 cells
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 differences
18 and 22 supported
19 the 20 differences
20 differences 21 are
21 are 22 supported
22 supported 23 by
22 supported 25 in
23 by 24 evidence
25 in 27 study
26 this 27 study
27 study 28 that
27 study 38 secrete
28 that 30 ascs
28 that 38 secrete
29 older 30 ascs
30 ascs 32 compared
30 ascs 38 secrete
31 , 32 compared
32 compared 33 with
32 compared 37 ,
33 with 36 cells
34 younger 36 cells
35 donor 36 cells
38 secrete 43 and
38 secrete 47 when
39 less 40 hepatocyte
40 hepatocyte 41 growth
41 growth 43 and
43 and 46 molecules
44 other 46 molecules
45 bioactive 46 molecules
47 when 48 stimulated
48 stimulated 50 vitro
49 in 50 vitro

these results highlight the need [for] evaluation of autologous ascs derived from older patients when used as therapy for [ms] ..y the prevalence of dementia in the aging population is increasing in japan ; therefore , expert neurologists are urgently required in dementia practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 highlight
3 highlight 7 evaluation
4 the 7 evaluation
5 need 7 evaluation
7 evaluation 8 of
7 evaluation 11 derived
8 of 10 ascs
9 autologous 10 ascs
11 derived 12 from
11 derived 15 when
11 derived 17 as
11 derived 19 for
12 from 14 patients
13 older 14 patients
15 when 16 used
17 as 18 therapy
19 for 21 ..y
21 ..y 23 prevalence
22 the 23 prevalence
23 prevalence 24 of
23 prevalence 30 is
24 of 25 dementia
25 dementia 26 in
26 in 29 population
27 the 29 population
28 aging 29 population
30 is 31 increasing
31 increasing 32 in
32 in 33 japan
34 ; 38 neurologists
34 ; 41 required
35 therefore 36 ,
35 therefore 38 neurologists
37 expert 38 neurologists
38 neurologists 39 are
39 are 41 required
40 urgently 41 required
41 required 42 in
42 in 44 practice
43 dementia 44 practice

we , the neurologists , should recognize that our expertise is the core of the medical care for dementia and be prepared to lead people in other areas of medical professions , including general practitioners and psychiatrists , who are involved in dementia management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 we 4 neurologists
1 we 6 should
2 , 4 neurologists
3 the 4 neurologists
4 neurologists 5 ,
6 should 20 and
7 recognize 8 that
7 recognize 20 and
8 that 10 expertise
8 that 11 is
9 our 10 expertise
10 expertise 11 is
11 is 13 core
12 the 13 core
13 core 14 of
14 of 17 care
15 the 17 care
16 medical 17 care
17 care 18 for
18 for 19 dementia
20 and 21 be
21 be 22 prepared
22 prepared 23 to
23 to 24 lead
24 lead 25 people
25 people 26 in
25 people 29 of
25 people 39 who
25 people 40 are
26 in 28 areas
27 other 28 areas
29 of 31 professions
30 medical 31 professions
31 professions 36 and
32 , 36 and
33 including 35 practitioners
34 general 35 practitioners
35 practitioners 36 and
36 and 37 psychiatrists
36 and 38 ,
39 who 40 are
40 are 41 involved
41 involved 42 in
42 in 44 management
43 dementia 44 management

expertise of neurologists in different areas , including neurological examination , neuropsychology , movement disorders , and neuroimaging , are essential , and their skills in managing both acute and chronic medical conditions are advantageous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 expertise 2 of
1 expertise 17 and
2 of 3 neurologists
3 neurologists 4 in
4 in 6 areas
5 different 6 areas
6 areas 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 10 examination
8 including 16 ,
9 neurological 10 examination
10 examination 15 disorders
11 , 15 disorders
12 neuropsychology 13 ,
12 neuropsychology 14 movement
14 movement 15 disorders
15 disorders 16 ,
17 and 18 neuroimaging
19 , 20 are
19 , 30 and
20 are 23 and
20 are 26 in
20 are 29 acute
21 essential 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 skills
24 their 25 skills
26 in 27 managing
27 managing 28 both
30 and 33 conditions
30 and 34 are
31 chronic 33 conditions
32 medical 33 conditions
33 conditions 34 are
34 are 35 advantageous

behavioral neurology , which is a subspecialty of neurology , is committed to the care of individuals with cognitive and behavioral disturbances and plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of all forms of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neurology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 behavioral 2 neurology
3 , 4 which
3 , 5 is
3 , 10 ,
4 which 5 is
5 is 7 subspecialty
6 a 7 subspecialty
7 subspecialty 8 of
8 of 9 neurology
10 , 23 and
11 is 12 committed
11 is 23 and
12 committed 13 to
12 committed 18 with
13 to 15 care
14 the 15 care
15 care 16 of
16 of 17 individuals
18 with 22 disturbances
19 cognitive 20 and
20 and 21 behavioral
20 and 22 disturbances
23 and 24 plays
24 plays 27 role
24 plays 28 in
25 a 27 role
26 central 27 role
28 in 31 and
29 the 30 diagnosis
30 diagnosis 31 and
31 and 32 treatment
31 and 33 of
33 of 35 forms
34 all 35 forms
35 forms 36 of
36 of 37 dementia

however , there is a huge scarcity of behavioral neurologists in japan , and more of them are needed urgently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 scarcity
5 a 6 huge
5 a 7 scarcity
6 huge 7 scarcity
7 scarcity 8 of
8 of 10 neurologists
9 behavioral 10 neurologists
10 neurologists 11 in
11 in 12 japan
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 them
14 and 19 needed
15 more 16 of
15 more 17 them
16 of 17 them
17 them 18 are
18 are 19 needed
19 needed 20 urgently

in addition , to assign a clear role for neurologists in the management of dementia , we should strongly encourage the government to involve neurologists in policy - making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 encourage
1 in 2 addition
1 in 17 we
2 addition 4 to
3 , 4 to
4 to 5 assign
4 to 16 ,
5 assign 8 role
6 a 7 clear
6 a 8 role
7 clear 8 role
8 role 9 for
8 role 14 of
9 for 10 neurologists
10 neurologists 11 in
11 in 13 management
12 the 13 management
14 of 15 dementia
17 we 18 should
18 should 20 encourage
19 strongly 20 encourage
20 encourage 22 government
20 encourage 23 to
20 encourage 24 involve
21 the 22 government
23 to 24 involve
24 involve 25 neurologists
24 involve 26 in
26 in 27 policy
27 policy 29 making
28 - 29 making
29 making 30 .

background : wearing - off [(] wo ) refers to the exacerbation of motor [and/or] [non] [-] motor symptoms of parkinson 's disease at the end [of] dose of dopaminergic medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 wearing
2 : 9 refers
2 : 32 .
3 wearing 5 off
3 wearing 9 refers
4 - 5 off
5 off 7 wo
5 off 8 )
9 refers 10 to
9 refers 24 at
10 to 12 exacerbation
11 the 12 exacerbation
12 exacerbation 13 of
12 exacerbation 20 of
13 of 19 symptoms
14 motor 18 motor
18 motor 19 symptoms
20 of 23 disease
21 parkinson 22 's
22 's 23 disease
24 at 28 dose
25 the 28 dose
26 end 28 dose
28 dose 29 of
29 of 31 medications
30 dopaminergic 31 medications

treatment of wo is based on modifying drug schedule [,] meal timetable [and/or] increasing dopamine replacement therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 4 is
2 of 3 wo
4 is 5 based
5 based 6 on
6 on 7 modifying
7 modifying 17 therapy
8 drug 11 meal
9 schedule 11 meal
11 meal 14 increasing
12 timetable 14 increasing
14 increasing 15 dopamine
15 dopamine 17 therapy
16 replacement 17 therapy

in advanced [and/or] demented patients , management of wo is often limited by scarce compliance and by cognitive , psychiatric and dysautonomic side - effects that may accompany increased dopaminergic stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 5 patients
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 management
2 advanced 5 patients
4 demented 5 patients
7 management 8 of
7 management 10 is
8 of 9 wo
10 is 11 often
10 is 12 limited
12 limited 16 and
13 by 15 compliance
13 by 16 and
14 scarce 15 compliance
16 and 17 by
17 by 25 effects
18 cognitive 21 and
18 cognitive 24 -
18 cognitive 25 effects
19 , 21 and
20 psychiatric 21 and
21 and 23 side
21 and 24 -
22 dysautonomic 23 side
25 effects 26 that
25 effects 27 may
26 that 27 may
27 may 28 accompany
28 accompany 31 stimulation
29 increased 31 stimulation
30 dopaminergic 31 stimulation

methods : here , we report 2 patients suffering from parkinson 's disease with dementia , who experienced anxiety [as] [non] - motor symptom [of] wo under stable levodopa therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 here
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 report
5 we 6 report
6 report 8 patients
6 report 14 with
7 2 8 patients
8 patients 9 suffering
9 suffering 10 from
10 from 13 disease
11 parkinson 12 's
12 's 13 disease
14 with 15 dementia
15 dementia 17 who
15 dementia 26 wo
16 , 17 who
17 who 18 experienced
17 who 22 -
18 experienced 19 anxiety
22 - 26 wo
23 motor 24 symptom
24 symptom 26 wo
26 wo 27 under
26 wo 31 .
27 under 30 therapy
28 stable 29 levodopa
29 levodopa 30 therapy

in both cases , transdermal rotigotine ( 4 mg/day ) was added to the original dopaminergic therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rotigotine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 added
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 cases
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 rotigotine
2 both 3 cases
5 transdermal 6 rotigotine
6 rotigotine 9 mg/day
6 rotigotine 11 was
7 ( 9 mg/day
8 4 9 mg/day
9 mg/day 10 )
11 was 12 added
12 added 13 to
13 to 17 therapy
14 the 17 therapy
15 original 17 therapy
16 dopaminergic 17 therapy

results : rotigotine proved beneficial on symptoms of anxiety in both patients , without worsening cognitive and behavioral symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 rotigotine
3 rotigotine 4 proved
3 rotigotine 5 beneficial
3 rotigotine 14 without
5 beneficial 6 on
5 beneficial 10 in
6 on 7 symptoms
7 symptoms 8 of
8 of 9 anxiety
10 in 12 patients
11 both 12 patients
13 , 14 without
14 without 15 worsening
14 without 20 .
15 worsening 19 symptoms
16 cognitive 17 and
17 and 18 behavioral
17 and 19 symptoms

during the 9 - [month] follow - up period , there was a slight improvement of motor impairment , with no worsening [of] drug - related dyskinesia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 during 3 9
1 during 4 -
1 during 6 follow
2 the 3 9
7 - 9 period
7 - 10 ,
7 - 28 .
8 up 9 period
10 , 11 there
10 , 12 was
11 there 12 was
12 was 15 improvement
12 was 27 dyskinesia
13 a 14 slight
13 a 15 improvement
14 slight 15 improvement
15 improvement 16 of
15 improvement 26 related
16 of 18 impairment
17 motor 18 impairment
18 impairment 20 with
19 , 20 with
20 with 24 drug
20 with 25 -
21 no 24 drug
22 worsening 24 drug

conclusions : these preliminary results suggest that rotigotine [at] low dose might improve [non] - motor symptoms of wo in elderly patients suffering from parkinson 's disease with dementia , without raising major safety issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 results
2 : 6 suggest
2 : 15 -
3 these 5 results
4 preliminary 5 results
5 results 6 suggest
6 suggest 11 dose
6 suggest 13 improve
7 that 11 dose
8 rotigotine 11 dose
10 low 11 dose
11 dose 12 might
12 might 13 improve
15 - 17 symptoms
16 motor 17 symptoms
17 symptoms 18 of
17 symptoms 23 suffering
17 symptoms 31 without
18 of 19 wo
19 wo 20 in
20 in 22 patients
21 elderly 22 patients
23 suffering 24 from
23 suffering 28 with
24 from 27 disease
25 parkinson 26 's
26 's 27 disease
28 with 29 dementia
30 , 31 without
31 without 32 raising
31 without 36 .
32 raising 35 issues
33 major 35 issues
34 safety 35 issues

purpose : in this study , the authors ' aims were to ( [a] [ )(determine the longitudinal relationships between baseline hearing status and 4 [-] year [follow] [-] up depression and loneliness in an older population [and] ( [b] [ )( possible differences across subgroups in these relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 , 10 aims
6 , 11 were
7 the 8 authors
8 authors 9 '
9 ' 10 aims
10 aims 11 were
11 were 12 to
12 to 22 hearing
13 ( 16 )(determine
16 )(determine 19 relationships
16 )(determine 20 between
16 )(determine 22 hearing
17 the 19 relationships
18 longitudinal 19 relationships
20 between 21 baseline
22 hearing 32 and
22 hearing 34 in
23 status 24 and
24 and 31 depression
24 and 32 and
25 4 27 year
27 year 31 depression
30 up 31 depression
32 and 33 loneliness
34 in 37 population
35 an 37 population
36 older 37 population
37 population 44 differences
39 ( 44 differences
43 possible 44 differences
44 differences 45 across
44 differences 50 .
45 across 46 subgroups
46 subgroups 47 in
47 in 49 relationships
48 these 49 relationships

method : the authors used data from 2 waves of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( 4 - year follow - up , baseline ages 63 - 93 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 4 authors
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 6 data
4 authors 20 follow
5 used 6 data
6 data 7 from
6 data 10 of
6 data 20 follow
7 from 9 waves
8 2 9 waves
10 of 19 year
11 the 19 year
12 longitudinal 13 aging
13 aging 14 study
14 study 15 amsterdam
15 amsterdam 17 4
15 amsterdam 19 year
16 ( 17 4
17 4 18 -
20 follow 22 up
20 follow 27 -
21 - 22 up
22 up 23 ,
23 , 27 -
24 baseline 25 ages
25 ages 26 63
25 ages 27 -
27 - 29 years
27 - 30 )
28 93 29 years

sample sizes were 996 ( self [-] report analyses ) [and] [830] ( speech - in [-] noise test analyses ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 sample 2 sizes
2 sizes 3 were
3 were 4 996
4 996 9 analyses
4 996 14 speech
5 ( 9 analyses
6 self 9 analyses
8 report 9 analyses
9 analyses 10 )
13 ( 14 speech
14 speech 16 in
14 speech 21 )
15 - 16 in
16 in 20 analyses
16 in 21 )
18 noise 19 test
19 test 20 analyses

the authors used multiple linear regression analyses to assess the associations between baseline hearing status and 4 [-] year follow - up [of] depression , social loneliness , and emotional loneliness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 used
3 used 7 analyses
3 used 8 to
3 used 9 assess
4 multiple 6 regression
5 linear 6 regression
6 regression 7 analyses
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 11 associations
10 the 11 associations
11 associations 12 between
11 associations 14 hearing
12 between 13 baseline
14 hearing 15 status
16 and 19 year
16 and 20 follow
17 4 19 year
19 year 20 follow
20 follow 22 up
21 - 22 up
22 up 29 and
22 up 32 .
24 depression 25 ,
25 , 27 loneliness
25 , 29 and
26 social 27 loneliness
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 loneliness
30 emotional 31 loneliness

hearing was measured by self [-] report and [by] a speech - [in] - noise test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hearing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 hearing 2 was
2 was 3 measured
3 measured 4 by
4 by 8 and
5 self 7 report
7 report 8 and
8 and 11 speech
8 and 12 -
10 a 11 speech
14 - 16 test
14 - 17 .
15 noise 16 test

age , gender , hearing aid use , baseline depression or loneliness , and relevant confounders and effect modifiers were incorporated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 incorporated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 gender
2 , 4 ,
4 , 7 use
4 , 8 ,
5 hearing 6 aid
6 aid 7 use
8 , 10 depression
8 , 11 or
9 baseline 10 depression
11 or 12 loneliness
11 or 13 ,
11 or 14 and
14 and 16 confounders
14 and 17 and
15 relevant 16 confounders
17 and 19 modifiers
17 and 20 were
18 effect 19 modifiers
20 were 21 incorporated

results : both hearing measures showed significant associations with loneliness ( [p] < [.] 05 ) , but these effects were confined to specific subgroups of older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 both
3 both 4 hearing
4 hearing 5 measures
4 hearing 6 showed
5 measures 6 showed
6 showed 8 associations
6 showed 9 with
7 significant 8 associations
9 with 10 loneliness
10 loneliness 15 05
11 ( 15 05
13 < 15 05
15 05 16 )
17 , 18 but
18 but 20 effects
18 but 21 were
19 these 20 effects
20 effects 21 were
21 were 22 confined
22 confined 23 to
23 to 25 subgroups
24 specific 25 subgroups
25 subgroups 26 of
26 of 28 persons
27 older 28 persons

for instance , adverse effects were confined to nonusers of hearing aids ( self [-] report , social loneliness model [ )(and men ( self [-] report and speech - [in] - noise test , emotional - loneliness model [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 )(
1 for 2 instance
2 instance 3 ,
2 instance 5 effects
4 adverse 5 effects
5 effects 6 were
6 were 7 confined
7 confined 8 to
8 to 9 nonusers
9 nonusers 10 of
9 nonusers 22 )(and
10 of 12 aids
11 hearing 12 aids
13 ( 22 )(and
14 self 16 report
16 report 17 ,
17 , 20 model
17 , 22 )(and
18 social 20 model
19 loneliness 20 model
22 )(and 23 men
22 )(and 28 and
22 )(and 30 -
24 ( 28 and
25 self 27 report
27 report 28 and
28 and 29 speech
28 and 30 -
32 - 34 test
32 - 35 ,
33 noise 34 test
35 , 39 model
36 emotional 37 -
36 emotional 39 model
38 loneliness 39 model

no significant effects appeared for depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 no 3 effects
2 significant 3 effects
3 effects 4 appeared
4 appeared 5 for
5 for 6 depression

conclusion : significant adverse effects of poor hearing on loneliness were found for specific subgroups of older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 effects
2 : 12 found
2 : 19 .
3 significant 5 effects
4 adverse 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 11 were
6 of 8 hearing
7 poor 8 hearing
8 hearing 9 on
9 on 10 loneliness
11 were 12 found
12 found 13 for
13 for 15 subgroups
14 specific 15 subgroups
15 subgroups 16 of
16 of 18 persons
17 older 18 persons

in future research , investigators should further examine the subgroup effects observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 3 research
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 investigators
2 future 3 research
5 investigators 6 should
6 should 8 examine
7 further 8 examine
8 examine 11 effects
9 the 11 effects
10 subgroup 11 effects
11 effects 12 observed

eventually , this may contribute to the development of tailored prevention programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 eventually 2 ,
1 eventually 3 this
3 this 4 may
4 may 5 contribute
5 contribute 6 to
6 to 8 development
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
9 of 12 programs
10 tailored 11 prevention
11 prevention 12 programs

purpose : the aim of this study was to highlight growing evidence of interactions between hormones and the structure and function of the auditory system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
2 : 26 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 15 between
9 to 12 evidence
10 highlight 11 growing
11 growing 12 evidence
12 evidence 13 of
13 of 14 interactions
15 between 20 and
16 hormones 17 and
17 and 19 structure
17 and 20 and
18 the 19 structure
20 and 21 function
20 and 22 of
22 of 25 system
23 the 25 system
24 auditory 25 system

method : recent studies implicating sex hormones and other natural hormones in the modulation of hearing status in age - related hearing loss were reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 5 implicating
5 implicating 7 hormones
6 sex 7 hormones
8 and 11 hormones
8 and 24 were
9 other 11 hormones
10 natural 11 hormones
11 hormones 12 in
11 hormones 15 of
11 hormones 18 in
11 hormones 24 were
12 in 14 modulation
13 the 14 modulation
15 of 17 status
16 hearing 17 status
18 in 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 23 loss
21 related 24 were
22 hearing 23 loss
24 were 25 reviewed

results : progesterone , a sex hormone , has been shown to have negative effects on the hearing of older women and aging mice , whereas , in contrast , estrogen was found in some cases to have a positive influence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 have
2 : 3 progesterone
2 : 11 shown
3 progesterone 7 hormone
3 progesterone 9 has
4 , 7 hormone
5 a 6 sex
5 a 7 hormone
6 sex 7 hormone
7 hormone 8 ,
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 shown
11 shown 12 to
12 to 13 have
13 have 15 effects
13 have 16 on
13 have 26 whereas
14 negative 15 effects
16 on 22 and
17 the 18 hearing
18 hearing 19 of
18 hearing 22 and
19 of 21 women
20 older 21 women
22 and 24 mice
23 aging 24 mice
25 , 26 whereas
26 whereas 31 estrogen
26 whereas 38 have
26 whereas 42 .
27 , 28 in
28 in 29 contrast
28 in 30 ,
28 in 31 estrogen
31 estrogen 32 was
32 was 33 found
33 found 34 in
33 found 37 to
34 in 36 cases
35 some 36 cases
37 to 38 have
38 have 41 influence
39 a 40 positive
39 a 41 influence
40 positive 41 influence

aldosterone , used in studies of animal models of autoimmune hearing loss , slowed the progression of hearing loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aldosterone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 slowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 aldosterone 3 used
1 aldosterone 14 slowed
2 , 3 used
3 used 4 in
3 used 13 ,
4 in 5 studies
5 studies 6 of
6 of 8 models
7 animal 8 models
8 models 9 of
9 of 10 autoimmune
10 autoimmune 11 hearing
11 hearing 12 loss
14 slowed 16 progression
15 the 16 progression
16 progression 17 of
17 of 18 hearing
18 hearing 19 loss

follow - up studies in humans revealed that auditory measures varied as serum aldosterone levels shifted within the normal range , in otherwise healthy older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 follow 3 up
1 follow 22 in
2 - 3 up
3 up 4 studies
3 up 21 ,
4 studies 5 in
4 studies 7 revealed
4 studies 8 that
4 studies 16 shifted
5 in 6 humans
8 that 10 measures
8 that 16 shifted
9 auditory 10 measures
10 measures 11 varied
10 measures 14 aldosterone
10 measures 15 levels
10 measures 16 shifted
11 varied 12 as
12 as 13 serum
14 aldosterone 15 levels
16 shifted 17 within
17 within 20 range
18 the 20 range
19 normal 20 range
22 in 26 subjects
23 otherwise 24 healthy
24 healthy 26 subjects
25 older 26 subjects

this was true for simple as well as complex auditory tasks ( i.e [.] , sound spatial processing [ )(, suggesting benefits of aldosterone to postperipheral auditory processing as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 true
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 true
3 true 4 for
3 true 18 processing
4 for 11 tasks
5 simple 11 tasks
6 as 7 well
7 well 9 complex
8 as 9 complex
9 complex 11 tasks
10 auditory 11 tasks
11 tasks 13 i.e
12 ( 13 i.e
13 i.e 15 ,
16 sound 18 processing
17 spatial 18 processing
18 processing 21 suggesting
20 )(, 21 suggesting
21 suggesting 22 benefits
21 suggesting 25 to
21 suggesting 29 as
21 suggesting 31 .
22 benefits 23 of
23 of 24 aldosterone
25 to 28 processing
26 postperipheral 28 processing
27 auditory 28 processing
29 as 30 well

in addition , evidence suggests that this functional hearing improvement occurred in association with anatomical improvements to the stria vascularis -- an important site of anatomical change in presbycusis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 --
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 10 improvement
6 that 11 occurred
7 this 8 functional
8 functional 9 hearing
9 hearing 10 improvement
10 improvement 11 occurred
11 occurred 13 association
11 occurred 14 with
11 occurred 17 to
12 in 13 association
14 with 16 improvements
15 anatomical 16 improvements
17 to 20 vascularis
18 the 20 vascularis
19 stria 20 vascularis
21 -- 24 site
22 an 23 important
22 an 24 site
23 important 24 site
24 site 25 of
25 of 27 change
26 anatomical 27 change
27 change 28 in
28 in 29 presbycusis

conclusions : audiology is now at the point where the search for biomedical interventions to modulate or [prevent] age - related hearing loss can move forward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 audiology
2 : 4 is
2 : 27 .
3 audiology 4 is
4 is 5 now
4 is 6 at
4 is 9 where
4 is 26 forward
6 at 8 point
7 the 8 point
9 where 17 or
9 where 25 move
10 the 11 search
11 search 12 for
11 search 17 or
12 for 14 interventions
13 biomedical 14 interventions
14 interventions 15 to
14 interventions 16 modulate
15 to 16 modulate
17 or 19 age
17 or 25 move
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 hearing
21 related 25 move
22 hearing 23 loss
22 hearing 24 can
23 loss 24 can

such interventions would require multidisciplinary collaborative initiatives by researchers in such areas as drug development , anatomy , auditory physiological and perceptual testing , and drug microdelivery systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 such 2 interventions
2 interventions 25 and
3 would 4 require
3 would 25 and
4 require 7 initiatives
4 require 8 by
4 require 10 in
4 require 13 as
5 multidisciplinary 7 initiatives
6 collaborative 7 initiatives
8 by 9 researchers
10 in 12 areas
11 such 12 areas
13 as 15 development
14 drug 15 development
15 development 17 anatomy
15 development 23 testing
16 , 17 anatomy
17 anatomy 18 ,
18 , 23 testing
19 auditory 23 testing
20 physiological 21 and
21 and 22 perceptual
21 and 23 testing
23 testing 24 ,
25 and 26 drug
26 drug 28 systems
27 microdelivery 28 systems

low back pain , in its acute and chronic forms , is one of the most common health problems and is frequently evaluated by rheumatologists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 low 3 pain
2 back 3 pain
3 pain 5 in
3 pain 20 and
4 , 5 in
5 in 10 forms
5 in 11 ,
6 its 10 forms
7 acute 8 and
8 and 9 chronic
8 and 10 forms
12 is 13 one
12 is 20 and
13 one 14 of
14 of 19 problems
15 the 16 most
16 most 19 problems
17 common 18 health
18 health 19 problems
20 and 21 is
21 is 23 evaluated
22 frequently 23 evaluated
23 evaluated 24 by
24 by 25 rheumatologists

the multiple possible diagnoses associated with this symptom [make] correctly attributing back pain to a specific disease difficult . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 diagnoses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 4 diagnoses
2 multiple 4 diagnoses
3 possible 4 diagnoses
4 diagnoses 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 symptom
6 with 18 difficult
7 this 8 symptom
8 symptom 11 attributing
10 correctly 11 attributing
11 attributing 13 pain
11 attributing 14 to
12 back 13 pain
14 to 17 disease
15 a 17 disease
16 specific 17 disease

this dilemma necessitates an organized approach to separate patients with mechanical disorders from those with rare systemic disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dilemma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 necessitates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 dilemma
2 dilemma 3 necessitates
3 necessitates 6 approach
3 necessitates 7 to
4 an 5 organized
4 an 6 approach
5 organized 6 approach
7 to 8 separate
8 separate 9 patients
8 separate 10 with
8 separate 15 with
10 with 12 disorders
11 mechanical 12 disorders
12 disorders 13 from
13 from 14 those
15 with 18 disorders
16 rare 18 disorders
17 systemic 18 disorders

the most common forms of back pain are mechanical . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 forms
3 common 4 forms
4 forms 5 of
4 forms 8 are
5 of 7 pain
6 back 7 pain
8 are 9 mechanical

gradual modifications in the axial skeletal structures over time result in pathological disorders that generally occur later in an individual 's lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 gradual 2 modifications
2 modifications 3 in
2 modifications 10 result
3 in 7 structures
4 the 7 structures
5 axial 7 structures
6 skeletal 7 structures
7 structures 8 over
8 over 9 time
10 result 11 in
11 in 13 disorders
12 pathological 13 disorders
13 disorders 14 that
13 disorders 16 occur
14 that 16 occur
15 generally 16 occur
16 occur 17 later
16 occur 18 in
18 in 22 lifespan
19 an 20 individual
20 individual 21 's
21 's 22 lifespan

the diagnostic process that identifies these mechanical disorders is straightforward and does not require expensive radiological or laboratory tests in the early phases of the evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 process
2 diagnostic 3 process
3 process 4 that
3 process 5 identifies
3 process 11 and
4 that 5 identifies
5 identifies 8 disorders
6 these 8 disorders
7 mechanical 8 disorders
9 is 10 straightforward
9 is 11 and
11 and 12 does
12 does 13 not
12 does 14 require
14 require 19 tests
14 require 20 in
15 expensive 19 tests
16 radiological 17 or
17 or 18 laboratory
17 or 19 tests
20 in 23 phases
21 the 23 phases
22 early 23 phases
23 phases 24 of
24 of 26 evaluation
25 the 26 evaluation

most low back pain resolves without intervention , but some reports suggest that episodes of back pain are persistent or recurring for a substantial minority of patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 resolves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 most 2 low
2 low 3 back
3 back 4 pain
4 pain 5 resolves
5 resolves 6 without
6 without 7 intervention
8 , 9 but
9 but 11 reports
9 but 12 suggest
10 some 11 reports
11 reports 12 suggest
12 suggest 13 that
13 that 14 episodes
13 that 18 are
14 episodes 15 of
14 episodes 18 are
15 of 17 pain
16 back 17 pain
18 are 20 or
18 are 22 for
19 persistent 20 or
20 or 21 recurring
22 for 27 patients
23 a 25 minority
24 substantial 25 minority
25 minority 26 of
25 minority 27 patients
26 of 27 patients

therapies for back pain can be nonpharmacological , pharmacological or surgical . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 therapies 2 for
1 therapies 5 can
2 for 4 pain
3 back 4 pain
5 can 6 be
6 be 10 or
7 nonpharmacological 8 ,
8 , 9 pharmacological
8 , 10 or
10 or 11 surgical

all interventions have limited capacity to resolve low back pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 all 2 interventions
2 interventions 3 have
3 have 5 capacity
4 limited 5 capacity
5 capacity 6 to
5 capacity 7 resolve
6 to 7 resolve
7 resolve 10 pain
8 low 9 back
9 back 10 pain

nonsurgical therapies are preferred for muscle injuries and osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 preferred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 nonsurgical 2 therapies
2 therapies 3 are
3 are 4 preferred
4 preferred 5 for
5 for 8 and
6 muscle 7 injuries
7 injuries 8 and
8 and 9 osteoarthritis
8 and 10 of
10 of 13 spine
11 the 13 spine
12 lumbar 13 spine

surgical interventions can resolve the pain and dysfunction of disc herniation and spinal [stenosis] more rapidly than conventional therapy , but surgical benefit wanes over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 resolve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 surgical 2 interventions
2 interventions 3 can
3 can 4 resolve
4 resolve 6 pain
5 the 6 pain
7 and 8 dysfunction
7 and 24 wanes
8 dysfunction 9 of
8 dysfunction 24 wanes
9 of 12 and
10 disc 11 herniation
11 herniation 12 and
12 and 23 benefit
13 spinal 16 rapidly
13 spinal 17 than
13 spinal 21 but
15 more 16 rapidly
17 than 19 therapy
18 conventional 19 therapy
20 , 21 but
21 but 22 surgical
21 but 23 benefit
24 wanes 25 over
25 over 26 time

ageing is a potent , independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 8 factor
3 a 4 potent
3 a 8 factor
4 potent 5 ,
4 potent 6 independent
6 independent 8 factor
7 risk 8 factor
8 factor 9 for
9 for 11 disease
10 cardiovascular 11 disease

calcification of the vascular smooth muscle cell ( vsmc ) [layer] of the vessel media is a hallmark of vascular ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 calcification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 calcification 2 of
1 calcification 16 is
2 of 7 cell
3 the 7 cell
4 vascular 6 muscle
5 smooth 6 muscle
6 muscle 7 cell
7 cell 9 vsmc
7 cell 12 of
8 ( 9 vsmc
9 vsmc 10 )
12 of 15 media
13 the 15 media
14 vessel 15 media
16 is 18 hallmark
17 a 18 hallmark
18 hallmark 19 of
19 of 21 ageing
20 vascular 21 ageing

young patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) exhibit an extremely high cardiovascular mortality , equivalent to that seen in octogenarians in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibit
1 young 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 10 exhibit
3 with 6 disease
4 chronic 5 kidney
5 kidney 6 disease
6 disease 8 ckd
7 ( 8 ckd
8 ckd 9 )
10 exhibit 15 mortality
11 an 12 extremely
11 an 15 mortality
12 extremely 13 high
13 high 15 mortality
14 cardiovascular 15 mortality
15 mortality 17 equivalent
16 , 17 equivalent
17 equivalent 18 to
17 equivalent 27 .
18 to 19 that
19 that 20 seen
20 seen 21 in
20 seen 23 in
21 in 22 octogenarians
23 in 26 population
24 the 26 population
25 general 26 population

even children on dialysis develop accelerated medial vascular calcification and arterial stiffening , leading to the suggestion that patients with ckd exhibit a ['] premature ageing ['] phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 develop
1 even 2 children
2 children 3 on
2 children 5 develop
3 on 4 dialysis
5 develop 10 and
5 develop 14 leading
6 accelerated 9 calcification
7 medial 9 calcification
8 vascular 9 calcification
9 calcification 10 and
10 and 11 arterial
10 and 12 stiffening
13 , 14 leading
14 leading 15 to
14 leading 29 .
15 to 17 suggestion
16 the 17 suggestion
17 suggestion 18 that
18 that 19 patients
18 that 22 exhibit
19 patients 20 with
19 patients 22 exhibit
20 with 21 ckd
22 exhibit 28 phenotype
23 a 28 phenotype
25 premature 26 ageing
26 ageing 28 phenotype

it is now well documented that uraemic toxins , particularly those associated with dysregulated mineral metabolism , can drive vsmc damage and phenotypic changes that promote vascular calcification ; epidemiological data suggest that some of these same risk factors associate with cardiovascular mortality in the aged general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 now
2 is 4 well
2 is 6 that
4 well 5 documented
6 that 8 toxins
6 that 19 drive
7 uraemic 8 toxins
8 toxins 11 those
8 toxins 18 can
9 , 10 particularly
9 , 11 those
11 those 12 associated
11 those 13 with
11 those 17 ,
13 with 16 metabolism
14 dysregulated 16 metabolism
15 mineral 16 metabolism
18 can 19 drive
19 drive 22 and
20 vsmc 21 damage
21 damage 22 and
22 and 24 changes
22 and 25 that
22 and 26 promote
23 phenotypic 24 changes
25 that 26 promote
26 promote 28 calcification
27 vascular 28 calcification
29 ; 31 data
29 ; 32 suggest
30 epidemiological 31 data
31 data 32 suggest
32 suggest 33 that
33 that 34 some
33 that 38 risk
34 some 35 of
35 of 37 same
36 these 37 same
38 risk 40 associate
38 risk 41 with
39 factors 40 associate
41 with 43 mortality
42 cardiovascular 43 mortality
43 mortality 44 in
44 in 48 population
45 the 48 population
46 aged 47 general
47 general 48 population

importantly , emerging evidence suggests that uraemic toxins may promote dna damage , a key factor driving cellular ageing , and moreover , that these ageing mechanisms may reiterate some of those seen in patients with genetically induced progeric syndromes caused by nuclear lamina disruption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 evidence
3 emerging 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 8 toxins
6 that 10 promote
7 uraemic 8 toxins
8 toxins 9 may
9 may 10 promote
10 promote 12 damage
11 dna 12 damage
12 damage 16 factor
13 , 16 factor
14 a 16 factor
15 key 16 factor
16 factor 17 driving
16 factor 27 mechanisms
16 factor 29 reiterate
16 factor 46 .
17 driving 21 and
18 cellular 19 ageing
19 ageing 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 moreover
21 and 24 that
22 moreover 23 ,
25 these 27 mechanisms
26 ageing 27 mechanisms
27 mechanisms 28 may
28 may 29 reiterate
29 reiterate 30 some
30 some 31 of
31 of 32 those
32 those 33 seen
33 seen 34 in
33 seen 36 with
33 seen 42 by
34 in 35 patients
36 with 40 syndromes
37 genetically 38 induced
38 induced 40 syndromes
39 progeric 40 syndromes
40 syndromes 41 caused
42 by 45 disruption
43 nuclear 45 disruption
44 lamina 45 disruption

this new knowledge should pave the way for the development of novel therapies that target tissue - specific ageing mechanisms to treat [vascular] decline in ckd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pave
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 this 3 knowledge
2 new 3 knowledge
3 knowledge 4 should
4 should 5 pave
5 pave 7 way
6 the 7 way
7 way 8 for
8 for 10 development
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
11 of 13 therapies
12 novel 13 therapies
13 therapies 14 that
13 therapies 15 target
14 that 15 target
15 target 16 tissue
17 - 20 mechanisms
17 - 24 decline
17 - 27 .
18 specific 19 ageing
19 ageing 20 mechanisms
20 mechanisms 21 to
20 mechanisms 22 treat
20 mechanisms 24 decline
21 to 22 treat
24 decline 25 in
25 in 26 ckd

as the aging population grows , it has become [increasingly] important to carefully characterize amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) , a preclinical stage of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 as 4 population
1 as 5 grows
1 as 6 ,
1 as 7 it
2 the 4 population
3 aging 4 population
4 population 5 grows
7 it 8 has
8 has 9 become
9 become 11 important
11 important 12 to
12 to 14 characterize
13 carefully 14 characterize
14 characterize 18 impairment
15 amnestic 18 impairment
16 mild 18 impairment
17 cognitive 18 impairment
18 impairment 20 amci
18 impairment 25 stage
19 ( 20 amci
20 amci 21 )
22 , 25 stage
23 a 24 preclinical
23 a 25 stage
24 preclinical 25 stage
25 stage 26 of
25 stage 31 ad
25 stage 32 )
26 of 29 disease
27 alzheimer 28 's
28 's 29 disease
30 ( 31 ad
31 ad 32 )

functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) is a valuable tool for monitoring disease progression in selectively vulnerable brain regions associated with ad neuropathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 functional 3 resonance
2 magnetic 3 resonance
3 resonance 4 imaging
4 imaging 6 fmri
4 imaging 8 is
5 ( 6 fmri
6 fmri 7 )
8 is 11 tool
8 is 12 for
8 is 16 in
9 a 10 valuable
9 a 11 tool
10 valuable 11 tool
12 for 13 monitoring
13 monitoring 15 progression
14 disease 15 progression
16 in 20 regions
17 selectively 18 vulnerable
18 vulnerable 19 brain
19 brain 20 regions
20 regions 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 24 neuropathology
22 with 23 ad

however , the reliability of fmri data in longitudinal studies of older adults with amci is largely unexplored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reliability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 reliability
3 the 4 reliability
4 reliability 5 of
4 reliability 16 is
5 of 7 data
6 fmri 7 data
7 data 8 in
8 in 10 studies
9 longitudinal 10 studies
10 studies 11 of
11 of 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 with
14 with 15 amci
16 is 17 largely
16 is 18 unexplored

to address this , amci participants completed two visual working tasks , a delayed - recognition [task] and a one - back task , on three separate scanning sessions over a three [-] month period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 amci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 3 this
4 , 5 amci
5 amci 11 tasks
5 amci 25 on
5 amci 30 over
6 participants 7 completed
7 completed 11 tasks
8 two 11 tasks
9 visual 11 tasks
10 working 11 tasks
11 tasks 23 task
12 , 23 task
13 a 23 task
14 delayed 18 and
14 delayed 22 back
15 - 18 and
16 recognition 18 and
18 and 20 one
18 and 21 -
19 a 20 one
22 back 23 task
23 task 24 ,
25 on 29 sessions
26 three 29 sessions
27 separate 29 sessions
28 scanning 29 sessions
30 over 35 period
31 a 35 period
32 three 34 month
34 month 35 period

test - retest reliability of the fmri blood oxygen level dependent ( bold ) activity was assessed using an intraclass [correlation] ( icc ) analysis approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 retest
2 - 27 .
3 retest 4 reliability
3 retest 18 using
4 reliability 5 of
4 reliability 17 assessed
5 of 10 level
6 the 10 level
7 fmri 8 blood
8 blood 10 level
9 oxygen 10 level
10 level 15 activity
10 level 16 was
11 dependent 13 bold
11 dependent 15 activity
12 ( 13 bold
13 bold 14 )
15 activity 16 was
18 using 26 approach
19 an 20 intraclass
19 an 26 approach
20 intraclass 23 icc
20 intraclass 24 )
20 intraclass 25 analysis
22 ( 23 icc
23 icc 24 )
25 analysis 26 approach

results indicated that brain regions engaged during the task displayed greater reliability across sessions compared to regions that were not utilized by the task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 indicated
1 results 3 that
1 results 6 engaged
1 results 10 displayed
3 that 5 regions
3 that 6 engaged
4 brain 5 regions
5 regions 6 engaged
6 engaged 7 during
7 during 9 task
8 the 9 task
10 displayed 12 reliability
10 displayed 16 to
11 greater 12 reliability
12 reliability 13 across
13 across 14 sessions
14 sessions 15 compared
16 to 17 regions
17 regions 18 that
17 regions 19 were
18 that 19 were
19 were 20 not
19 were 21 utilized
21 utilized 22 by
22 by 24 task
23 the 24 task

during task [-] engagement , differential reliability scores were observed across the brain such that the frontal lobe , medial temporal lobe , and subcortical structures exhibited fair to moderate reliability ( icc=0.3 - 0.6 ) , while temporal , parietal , and occipital regions exhibited moderate to good reliability ( icc=0.4 - 0.7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 during 4 engagement
1 during 5 ,
1 during 8 scores
2 task 4 engagement
6 differential 7 reliability
7 reliability 8 scores
8 scores 9 were
9 were 10 observed
10 observed 11 across
10 observed 15 that
11 across 13 brain
12 the 13 brain
14 such 15 that
15 that 24 and
15 that 27 exhibited
16 the 18 lobe
17 frontal 18 lobe
18 lobe 19 ,
19 , 22 lobe
19 , 24 and
20 medial 22 lobe
21 temporal 22 lobe
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 structures
24 and 27 exhibited
25 subcortical 26 structures
27 exhibited 45 regions
28 fair 29 to
28 fair 38 while
28 fair 40 ,
29 to 30 moderate
30 moderate 31 reliability
31 reliability 33 icc=0.3
32 ( 33 icc=0.3
33 icc=0.3 35 0.6
33 icc=0.3 37 ,
34 - 35 0.6
35 0.6 36 )
38 while 39 temporal
40 , 41 parietal
40 , 43 and
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 occipital
43 and 45 regions
45 regions 46 exhibited
45 regions 47 moderate
47 moderate 48 to
48 to 50 reliability
49 good 50 reliability
50 reliability 52 icc=0.4
51 ( 52 icc=0.4
52 icc=0.4 54 0.7
52 icc=0.4 55 )
53 - 54 0.7
54 0.7 55 )

additionally , reliability across brain regions was more stable when three fmri sessions were used in the icc calculation relative to two fmri sessions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reliability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 reliability
3 reliability 4 across
3 reliability 7 was
4 across 6 regions
5 brain 6 regions
7 was 9 stable
8 more 9 stable
9 stable 10 when
9 stable 16 in
10 when 13 sessions
10 when 15 used
11 three 13 sessions
12 fmri 13 sessions
13 sessions 14 were
14 were 15 used
16 in 19 calculation
17 the 19 calculation
18 icc 19 calculation
19 calculation 20 relative
20 relative 21 to
21 to 24 sessions
22 two 24 sessions
23 fmri 24 sessions

in conclusion , the fmri bold signal is reliable across scanning sessions in this population and thus a useful tool for tracking longitudinal change in observational and interventional studies in amci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 7 signal
3 , 8 is
4 the 7 signal
5 fmri 7 signal
6 bold 7 signal
7 signal 8 is
8 is 16 and
8 is 21 for
8 is 25 in
8 is 30 in
9 reliable 10 across
9 reliable 16 and
10 across 12 sessions
11 scanning 12 sessions
12 sessions 13 in
13 in 15 population
14 this 15 population
16 and 17 thus
16 and 20 tool
18 a 20 tool
19 useful 20 tool
21 for 22 tracking
22 tracking 24 change
23 longitudinal 24 change
25 in 29 studies
26 observational 27 and
27 and 28 interventional
27 and 29 studies
30 in 31 amci

complement receptor 1 ( cr1 ) has been considered to play an important role in late - onset alzheimer 's disease ( load ) pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 receptor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 complement 2 receptor
2 receptor 3 1
2 receptor 5 cr1
2 receptor 7 has
4 ( 5 cr1
5 cr1 6 )
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 considered
9 considered 10 to
9 considered 11 play
10 to 11 play
11 play 14 role
11 play 15 in
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 role
13 important 14 role
15 in 25 pathogenesis
16 late 21 disease
16 late 24 )
16 late 25 pathogenesis
17 - 21 disease
18 onset 19 alzheimer
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
21 disease 23 load
21 disease 24 )
22 ( 23 load
23 load 24 )

to explore the correlation between the cr1 gene and load , [a] 2 - step design study was conducted in our northern han chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 to 2 explore
2 explore 4 correlation
2 explore 5 between
3 the 4 correlation
5 between 9 and
6 the 8 gene
7 cr1 8 gene
8 gene 9 and
9 and 10 load
11 , 13 2
11 , 14 -
13 2 14 -
14 - 17 study
15 step 17 study
16 design 17 study
17 study 18 was
18 was 19 conducted
19 conducted 20 in
20 in 25 population
21 our 25 population
22 northern 25 population
23 han 25 population
24 chinese 25 population

we first sequenced the promoter , exons , the 5 ['] and 3 ['] untranslated regions and exon - intron boundaries of cr1 in a small sample ( n = 100 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 3 sequenced
2 first 3 sequenced
3 sequenced 17 and
4 the 5 promoter
5 promoter 6 ,
6 , 7 exons
6 , 8 ,
8 , 16 regions
8 , 17 and
9 the 12 and
10 5 12 and
12 and 13 3
12 and 16 regions
15 untranslated 16 regions
17 and 18 exon
17 and 21 boundaries
19 - 21 boundaries
20 intron 21 boundaries
21 boundaries 22 of
21 boundaries 32 )
22 of 23 cr1
23 cr1 24 in
23 cr1 30 =
24 in 27 sample
25 a 26 small
25 a 27 sample
26 small 27 sample
28 ( 30 =
29 n 30 =
30 = 31 100

this allowed us to identify a total of 22 variants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 allowed
2 allowed 3 us
2 allowed 4 to
2 allowed 5 identify
4 to 5 identify
5 identify 7 total
6 a 7 total
7 total 8 of
8 of 10 variants
9 22 10 variants

in addition , 6 missense variants within the cr1 gene were selected to be genotyped in a total of 2292 individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 variants
4 6 6 variants
5 missense 6 variants
6 variants 7 within
6 variants 11 were
7 within 10 gene
8 the 10 gene
9 cr1 10 gene
11 were 12 selected
12 selected 13 to
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 genotyped
15 genotyped 16 in
16 in 18 total
17 a 18 total
18 total 19 of
19 of 21 individuals
20 2292 21 individuals

only 2 snps ( rs116806486 , thr→ala [;] rs6691117 , ile→val ) were significantly associated with an increased risk of load . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 only 2 2
2 2 3 snps
3 snps 5 rs116806486
3 snps 9 rs6691117
3 snps 13 were
4 ( 5 rs116806486
5 rs116806486 6 ,
6 , 9 rs6691117
7 thr→ala 9 rs6691117
9 rs6691117 11 ile→val
9 rs6691117 12 )
10 , 11 ile→val
11 ile→val 12 )
13 were 14 significantly
13 were 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 19 risk
17 an 19 risk
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 load

after stratification by apoe ε4 - carrying status , significance was observed in apoe ε4 [non] - carriers for rs116806486 and in apoe ε4 carriers for rs6691117 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 carriers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ε4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 after 2 stratification
1 after 12 observed
1 after 18 carriers
2 stratification 3 by
2 stratification 11 was
3 by 10 significance
4 apoe 10 significance
5 ε4 8 status
5 ε4 10 significance
6 - 8 status
7 carrying 8 status
8 status 9 ,
11 was 12 observed
12 observed 13 in
13 in 14 apoe
15 ε4 17 -
15 ε4 18 carriers
18 carriers 21 and
18 carriers 24 ε4
19 for 20 rs116806486
19 for 21 and
21 and 22 in
22 in 23 apoe
24 ε4 25 carriers
24 ε4 26 for
26 for 27 rs6691117

logistic analysis revealed that the rs116806486 polymorphism remained associated with load in a dominant model [,] whereas the rs6691117 polymorphism was associated with load in additive and recessive models but not in a dominant model after adjusting for sex , age at onset , and apoe ε4 status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
1 logistic 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 7 polymorphism
4 that 8 remained
5 the 7 polymorphism
6 rs116806486 7 polymorphism
7 polymorphism 8 remained
8 remained 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 12 in
9 associated 17 whereas
10 with 11 load
12 in 15 model
13 a 15 model
14 dominant 15 model
17 whereas 19 rs6691117
17 whereas 22 associated
18 the 19 rs6691117
19 rs6691117 20 polymorphism
19 rs6691117 21 was
19 rs6691117 22 associated
20 polymorphism 21 was
22 associated 23 with
23 with 24 load
23 with 25 in
25 in 29 models
26 additive 27 and
27 and 28 recessive
27 and 29 models
29 models 30 but
29 models 32 in
29 models 36 after
29 models 41 age
30 but 31 not
32 in 35 model
33 a 34 dominant
33 a 35 model
34 dominant 35 model
36 after 37 adjusting
37 adjusting 38 for
38 for 39 sex
40 , 41 age
41 age 42 at
41 age 49 .
42 at 48 status
43 onset 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 apoe
45 and 48 status
47 ε4 48 status

examination of the haplotypes identified the risk of a 3 - snp ( rs2274567 , rs3737002 , and rs6691117 ) haplotype " atg " in cr1 was associated with an increased risk for load . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 examination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 examination 2 of
1 examination 5 identified
2 of 4 haplotypes
3 the 4 haplotypes
5 identified 7 risk
6 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
8 of 12 snp
9 a 12 snp
10 3 12 snp
11 - 12 snp
12 snp 16 rs3737002
13 ( 16 rs3737002
14 rs2274567 15 ,
14 rs2274567 16 rs3737002
16 rs3737002 17 ,
18 and 23 atg
18 and 28 associated
19 rs6691117 20 )
19 rs6691117 23 atg
21 haplotype 22 "
21 haplotype 23 atg
23 atg 24 "
23 atg 25 in
23 atg 27 was
25 in 26 cr1
27 was 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
28 associated 33 for
29 with 32 risk
30 an 32 risk
31 increased 32 risk
33 for 34 load

these findings provide the evidence that missense variants in the cr1 gene may be involved in load pathologic process in han chinese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 provide
3 provide 5 evidence
4 the 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 8 variants
6 that 15 involved
7 missense 8 variants
8 variants 9 in
8 variants 13 may
9 in 12 gene
10 the 12 gene
11 cr1 12 gene
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 involved
15 involved 16 in
15 involved 20 in
16 in 19 process
17 load 19 process
18 pathologic 19 process
20 in 22 chinese
21 han 22 chinese

microtubule - associated protein tau [gene] ( mapt ) is one of the major genes linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration , a group of neurodegenerative diseases [clinically] , pathologically , and genetically heterogeneous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 microtubule
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 microtubule 5 tau
1 microtubule 10 is
2 - 5 tau
3 associated 4 protein
4 protein 5 tau
5 tau 8 mapt
5 tau 9 )
7 ( 8 mapt
8 mapt 9 )
10 is 31 and
11 one 12 of
11 one 31 and
12 of 15 genes
13 the 15 genes
14 major 15 genes
15 genes 16 linked
16 linked 17 to
16 linked 29 pathologically
17 to 20 degeneration
18 frontotemporal 20 degeneration
19 lobar 20 degeneration
20 degeneration 26 diseases
21 , 26 diseases
22 a 23 group
23 group 24 of
23 group 26 diseases
24 of 26 diseases
25 neurodegenerative 26 diseases
26 diseases 28 ,
28 , 29 pathologically
29 pathologically 30 ,
31 and 32 genetically
31 and 33 heterogeneous

in particular , mapt mutations give rise to the subgroup of tauopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mapt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 rise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 mapt
4 mapt 5 mutations
4 mapt 6 give
4 mapt 7 rise
5 mutations 6 give
7 rise 8 to
8 to 10 subgroup
9 the 10 subgroup
10 subgroup 11 of
11 of 12 tauopathies

the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the mapt mutations so far described are the decreased ability of tau protein to promote microtubule polymerization ( missense mutations ) or the altered ratio of tau isoforms ( splicing mutations ) , both leading to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated filamentous tau protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 or
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 pathogenetic 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 underlying
3 mechanisms 10 described
3 mechanisms 11 are
4 underlying 7 mutations
4 underlying 9 far
5 the 7 mutations
6 mapt 7 mutations
8 so 9 far
11 are 14 ability
12 the 14 ability
13 decreased 14 ability
14 ability 15 of
14 ability 18 to
14 ability 19 promote
15 of 17 protein
16 tau 17 protein
18 to 19 promote
19 promote 21 polymerization
20 microtubule 21 polymerization
21 polymerization 24 mutations
22 ( 24 mutations
23 missense 24 mutations
24 mutations 25 )
26 or 29 ratio
26 or 32 isoforms
27 the 29 ratio
28 altered 29 ratio
29 ratio 30 of
29 ratio 32 isoforms
30 of 31 tau
32 isoforms 34 splicing
32 isoforms 39 leading
33 ( 34 splicing
34 splicing 35 mutations
34 splicing 36 )
37 , 39 leading
38 both 39 leading
39 leading 40 to
39 leading 47 .
40 to 41 accumulation
41 accumulation 42 of
42 of 46 protein
43 hyperphosphorylated 45 tau
44 filamentous 45 tau
45 tau 46 protein

following a genetic screening of patients affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration , we identified 2 mapt mutations , v363i and v363a , leading to atypical clinical [phenotypes] , [such] as posterior cortical atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
1 following 4 screening
1 following 12 ,
1 following 13 we
2 a 4 screening
3 genetic 4 screening
4 screening 5 of
5 of 6 patients
6 patients 7 affected
7 affected 8 by
8 by 11 degeneration
9 frontotemporal 11 degeneration
10 lobar 11 degeneration
13 we 14 identified
14 identified 17 mutations
15 2 17 mutations
16 mapt 17 mutations
18 , 20 and
19 v363i 20 and
20 and 21 v363a
21 v363a 23 leading
22 , 23 leading
23 leading 24 to
23 leading 34 .
24 to 33 atrophy
25 atypical 33 atrophy
26 clinical 28 ,
26 clinical 33 atrophy
30 as 31 posterior
31 posterior 33 atrophy
32 cortical 33 atrophy

we investigated in vitro features of the recombinant mutated tau isoforms and revealed unusual functional and structural characteristics such as an increased ability to promote microtubule polymerization and a tendency to form oligomeric instead of filamentous aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 vitro
2 investigated 5 features
2 investigated 24 to
3 in 4 vitro
5 features 6 of
5 features 12 and
6 of 10 tau
7 the 10 tau
8 recombinant 10 tau
9 mutated 10 tau
11 isoforms 12 and
12 and 13 revealed
13 revealed 18 characteristics
14 unusual 18 characteristics
15 functional 16 and
16 and 17 structural
16 and 18 characteristics
18 characteristics 20 as
19 such 20 as
20 as 23 ability
21 an 23 ability
22 increased 23 ability
24 to 25 promote
25 promote 28 and
25 promote 31 to
26 microtubule 27 polymerization
27 polymerization 28 and
28 and 30 tendency
29 a 30 tendency
31 to 32 form
32 form 33 oligomeric
32 form 35 of
33 oligomeric 34 instead
35 of 37 aggregates
36 filamentous 37 aggregates

thus , we disclosed a greater than expected complexity of abnormal features of mutated tau isoforms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disclosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 we
3 we 4 disclosed
4 disclosed 9 complexity
5 a 9 complexity
6 greater 9 complexity
7 than 8 expected
8 expected 9 complexity
9 complexity 10 of
10 of 12 features
11 abnormal 12 features
12 features 13 of
13 of 16 isoforms
14 mutated 15 tau
15 tau 16 isoforms

overall our findings suggest a high probability that these mutations are pathogenic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 overall 3 findings
2 our 3 findings
3 findings 4 suggest
4 suggest 7 probability
5 a 6 high
5 a 7 probability
6 high 7 probability
7 probability 8 that
8 that 10 mutations
8 that 11 are
9 these 10 mutations
10 mutations 11 are
11 are 12 pathogenic

cognitive reserve ( cr ) is a concept meant to account for the frequent discrepancy between an individual 's measured level of brain pathology and her expected cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 cognitive 2 reserve
2 reserve 4 cr
2 reserve 6 is
3 ( 4 cr
4 cr 5 )
6 is 8 concept
6 is 10 to
7 a 8 concept
8 concept 9 meant
10 to 11 account
11 account 12 for
11 account 16 between
12 for 15 discrepancy
13 the 15 discrepancy
14 frequent 15 discrepancy
16 between 25 and
17 an 18 individual
18 individual 19 's
19 's 21 level
20 measured 21 level
21 level 22 of
21 level 25 and
22 of 24 pathology
23 brain 24 pathology
25 and 29 performance
26 her 29 performance
27 expected 29 performance
28 cognitive 29 performance

it is particularly important within the context of aging and dementia , but has wider applicability to all forms of brain damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 13 but
2 is 3 particularly
2 is 10 and
2 is 13 but
4 important 5 within
4 important 10 and
5 within 7 context
6 the 7 context
7 context 8 of
8 of 9 aging
10 and 11 dementia
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 has
14 has 16 applicability
14 has 17 to
15 wider 16 applicability
17 to 19 forms
18 all 19 forms
19 forms 20 of
20 of 22 damage
21 brain 22 damage

as [such] [,] it has intimate links to related compensatory and neuroprotective concepts , [as] well as to the related notion of brain reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 well
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 as 4 it
1 as 5 has
1 as 14 ,
1 as 16 well
4 it 5 has
5 has 7 links
5 has 8 to
6 intimate 7 links
8 to 13 concepts
9 related 13 concepts
10 compensatory 11 and
11 and 12 neuroprotective
11 and 13 concepts
16 well 18 to
16 well 24 reserve
17 as 18 to
18 to 21 notion
19 the 21 notion
20 related 21 notion
21 notion 22 of
22 of 23 brain

in this article , we introduce the concept of cognitive reserve and explicate its potential cognitive and neural implementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 12 and
6 introduce 8 concept
6 introduce 12 and
7 the 8 concept
8 concept 9 of
9 of 11 reserve
10 cognitive 11 reserve
12 and 13 explicate
12 and 19 implementation
13 explicate 15 potential
14 its 15 potential
16 cognitive 17 and
17 and 18 neural
17 and 19 implementation

we conclude that cognitive reserve is compatible and complementary with many related concepts , but that each much [draw] sharper conceptual boundaries in order to truly explain preserved cognitive function in the face of aging or brain damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 5 reserve
2 conclude 12 related
3 that 4 cognitive
4 cognitive 5 reserve
5 reserve 6 is
6 is 8 and
7 compatible 8 and
8 and 9 complementary
9 complementary 10 with
10 with 11 many
10 with 12 related
12 related 13 concepts
12 related 14 ,
14 , 22 boundaries
14 , 36 or
15 but 16 that
15 but 22 boundaries
17 each 20 sharper
18 much 20 sharper
20 sharper 22 boundaries
21 conceptual 22 boundaries
22 boundaries 23 in
22 boundaries 28 preserved
22 boundaries 36 or
23 in 24 order
24 order 25 to
24 order 27 explain
25 to 27 explain
26 truly 27 explain
28 preserved 29 cognitive
30 function 31 in
30 function 36 or
31 in 33 face
32 the 33 face
33 face 34 of
34 of 35 aging
36 or 37 brain
36 or 38 damage

[it] is surprising how easily we are able to recognize people whom we have not seen in many years , somehow compensating for the aging - related facial changes that occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 is 3 surprising
2 is 4 how
4 how 5 easily
5 easily 10 recognize
6 we 7 are
7 are 8 able
8 able 9 to
8 able 10 recognize
9 to 10 recognize
10 recognize 11 people
10 recognize 17 in
10 recognize 22 compensating
11 people 12 whom
11 people 16 seen
12 whom 13 we
12 whom 16 seen
13 we 14 have
14 have 15 not
14 have 16 seen
17 in 19 years
18 many 19 years
20 , 22 compensating
21 somehow 22 compensating
22 compensating 23 for
22 compensating 26 -
23 for 25 aging
24 the 25 aging
26 - 27 related
27 related 29 changes
28 facial 29 changes
29 changes 30 that
29 changes 31 occurred
30 that 31 occurred

we measured the limits of the ability to recognize faces across the lifespan by young versus old men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 4 limits
2 measured 11 across
2 measured 14 by
3 the 4 limits
4 limits 5 of
5 of 7 ability
6 the 7 ability
7 ability 8 to
7 ability 9 recognize
8 to 9 recognize
9 recognize 10 faces
11 across 13 lifespan
12 the 13 lifespan
14 by 19 and
15 young 16 versus
15 young 19 and
16 versus 18 men
17 old 18 men
19 and 20 women

images of five males and five females at young and middle ages were morphed in 10 % increments to create aged face images across the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 morphed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 images 2 of
1 images 5 and
2 of 4 males
3 five 4 males
5 and 7 females
5 and 8 at
5 and 13 were
6 five 7 females
8 at 10 and
9 young 10 and
10 and 12 ages
11 middle 12 ages
13 were 14 morphed
14 morphed 15 in
14 morphed 19 to
15 in 18 increments
16 10 17 %
17 % 18 increments
19 to 20 create
20 create 23 images
20 create 24 across
21 aged 22 face
22 face 23 images
24 across 26 lifespan
25 the 26 lifespan

fifty - eight participants ( 28 females ) judged whether pairs of photographs were of the same [or] different identity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 judged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 fifty 2 -
2 - 3 eight
2 - 4 participants
4 participants 7 females
4 participants 9 judged
5 ( 7 females
6 28 7 females
7 females 8 )
9 judged 10 whether
10 whether 11 pairs
10 whether 14 were
11 pairs 12 of
11 pairs 14 were
12 of 13 photographs
14 were 15 of
15 of 20 identity
16 the 17 same
17 same 20 identity
19 different 20 identity

women outperformed men for female faces [,] exhibiting a sex difference and own - sex bias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 women 12 and
2 outperformed 3 men
2 outperformed 12 and
3 men 4 for
4 for 6 faces
5 female 6 faces
6 faces 8 exhibiting
8 exhibiting 11 difference
9 a 10 sex
9 a 11 difference
10 sex 11 difference
12 and 13 own
14 - 15 sex
14 - 17 .
15 sex 16 bias

additionally , older participants showed [an] own - age bias and outperformed their younger counterparts with older stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 participants
3 older 4 participants
4 participants 5 showed
5 showed 7 own
8 - 11 and
8 - 19 .
9 age 10 bias
9 age 11 and
11 and 12 outperformed
12 outperformed 15 counterparts
12 outperformed 16 with
13 their 15 counterparts
14 younger 15 counterparts
16 with 18 stimuli
17 older 18 stimuli

it appears that the recognition of faces is affected by the own - age and own - sex biases , potentially allowing us to remember some people better than others , thus mediating our interaction with the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 it 2 appears
2 appears 3 that
3 that 5 recognition
3 that 9 affected
4 the 5 recognition
5 recognition 6 of
5 recognition 8 is
6 of 7 faces
8 is 9 affected
9 affected 10 by
10 by 12 own
11 the 12 own
13 - 15 and
13 - 17 -
14 age 15 and
15 and 16 own
17 - 18 sex
18 sex 19 biases
18 sex 22 allowing
18 sex 33 mediating
20 , 22 allowing
21 potentially 22 allowing
22 allowing 23 us
22 allowing 24 to
22 allowing 25 remember
22 allowing 31 ,
24 to 25 remember
25 remember 27 people
25 remember 28 better
25 remember 29 than
26 some 27 people
29 than 30 others
31 , 33 mediating
32 thus 33 mediating
33 mediating 35 interaction
33 mediating 36 with
33 mediating 39 .
34 our 35 interaction
36 with 38 world
37 the 38 world

hairlines change shape with age , starting at birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hairlines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
1 hairlines 2 change
2 change 3 shape
2 change 4 with
4 with 5 age
5 age 7 starting
6 , 7 starting
7 starting 8 at
7 starting 10 .
8 at 9 birth

a good head of hair is frequently present some time after ages 3 to 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 head
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 good
1 a 3 head
2 good 3 head
3 head 4 of
3 head 6 is
4 of 5 hair
6 is 7 frequently
6 is 8 present
8 present 11 after
8 present 14 to
9 some 10 time
10 time 11 after
11 after 12 ages
12 ages 13 3
14 to 16 years
15 5 16 years

the look of childhood has its corresponding hairline , and , as the child grows and develops into adulthood , facial morphology [migrate] changes from a childlike look to a more mature look . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 look
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 look
2 look 3 of
2 look 5 has
3 of 4 childhood
5 has 8 hairline
6 its 8 hairline
7 corresponding 8 hairline
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 ,
10 and 22 morphology
10 and 24 changes
11 , 12 as
12 as 14 child
12 as 16 and
12 as 20 ,
12 as 22 morphology
13 the 14 child
14 child 16 and
15 grows 16 and
16 and 17 develops
16 and 18 into
18 into 19 adulthood
21 facial 22 morphology
22 morphology 24 changes
24 changes 25 from
24 changes 29 to
25 from 28 look
26 a 27 childlike
26 a 28 look
27 childlike 28 look
29 to 33 look
30 a 33 look
31 more 32 mature
32 mature 33 look

this article discusses the dynamics of hairline evolution and the phenotypic variations of the front and side hairlines in men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 discusses
3 discusses 5 dynamics
3 discusses 19 in
4 the 5 dynamics
5 dynamics 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 hairline 8 evolution
8 evolution 9 and
9 and 12 variations
9 and 13 of
10 the 12 variations
11 phenotypic 12 variations
13 of 16 and
14 the 15 front
15 front 16 and
16 and 18 hairlines
17 side 18 hairlines
19 in 21 and
20 men 21 and
21 and 22 women

a modeling system [is] introduced [that] provides a common language to define the various anatomic points of the full range of hairlines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 modeling
1 a 3 system
2 modeling 3 system
3 system 5 introduced
3 system 7 provides
7 provides 10 language
7 provides 11 to
8 a 10 language
9 common 10 language
11 to 12 define
12 define 16 points
13 the 16 points
14 various 16 points
15 anatomic 16 points
16 points 17 of
17 of 20 range
18 the 20 range
19 full 20 range
20 range 21 of
21 of 22 hairlines

bubr1 is a critical component of the spindle assembly checkpoint , the surveillance mechanism that helps maintain the high fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation by preventing cells from initiating anaphase if one or more kinetochores are not attached to the spindle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bubr1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 bubr1 2 is
2 is 5 component
3 a 5 component
4 critical 5 component
5 component 6 of
6 of 10 checkpoint
7 the 10 checkpoint
8 spindle 9 assembly
9 assembly 10 checkpoint
11 , 14 mechanism
11 , 38 attached
12 the 14 mechanism
13 surveillance 14 mechanism
14 mechanism 15 that
14 mechanism 16 helps
14 mechanism 38 attached
15 that 16 helps
16 helps 17 maintain
17 maintain 20 fidelity
18 the 20 fidelity
19 high 20 fidelity
20 fidelity 21 of
21 of 24 segregation
22 mitotic 23 chromosome
23 chromosome 24 segregation
24 segregation 25 by
24 segregation 28 from
25 by 26 preventing
26 preventing 27 cells
28 from 29 initiating
29 initiating 30 anaphase
29 initiating 31 if
31 if 35 kinetochores
31 if 36 are
32 one 33 or
33 or 34 more
33 or 35 kinetochores
35 kinetochores 36 are
36 are 37 not
38 attached 39 to
39 to 41 spindle
40 the 41 spindle

bubr1 also helps promote the establishment of stable kinetochore - microtubule attachments during prometaphase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bubr1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 helps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 bubr1 3 helps
2 also 3 helps
3 helps 4 promote
4 promote 6 establishment
4 promote 13 during
5 the 6 establishment
6 establishment 7 of
7 of 12 attachments
8 stable 12 attachments
9 kinetochore 10 -
9 kinetochore 12 attachments
11 microtubule 12 attachments
13 during 14 prometaphase

in this chapter , we review the structure , functions , and regulation of bubr1 in these " classical roles " at the kinetochore . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 chapter
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 chapter
5 we 6 review
6 review 12 and
6 review 16 in
6 review 22 at
7 the 8 structure
8 structure 9 ,
9 , 10 functions
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 regulation
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 bubr1
16 in 20 roles
17 these 18 "
17 these 20 roles
19 classical 20 roles
20 roles 21 "
22 at 24 kinetochore
23 the 24 kinetochore

we discuss its recruitment to kinetochores , its assembly into the inhibitor of anaphase progression , and the importance of its posttranslational modifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 4 recruitment
2 discuss 5 to
3 its 4 recruitment
5 to 17 and
6 kinetochores 7 ,
7 , 9 assembly
7 , 17 and
8 its 9 assembly
9 assembly 10 into
10 into 12 inhibitor
11 the 12 inhibitor
12 inhibitor 13 of
13 of 15 progression
14 anaphase 15 progression
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 importance
17 and 20 of
18 the 19 importance
20 of 23 modifications
21 its 23 modifications
22 posttranslational 23 modifications

we also consider the evidence for its participation in other roles beyond mitosis , such as the meiosis - specific processes of recombination and prophase arrest of the first meiotic division , the cellular response to dna damage , and in the regulation of centrosome and basal body function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 3 consider
2 also 3 consider
3 consider 5 evidence
4 the 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 for
6 for 8 participation
7 its 8 participation
8 participation 9 in
8 participation 12 beyond
9 in 11 roles
10 other 11 roles
12 beyond 13 mitosis
13 mitosis 16 as
13 mitosis 24 and
14 , 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 meiosis
16 as 19 -
17 the 18 meiosis
19 - 24 and
20 specific 21 processes
21 processes 22 of
21 processes 24 and
22 of 23 recombination
24 and 26 arrest
24 and 27 of
24 and 32 ,
25 prophase 26 arrest
27 of 31 division
28 the 29 first
28 the 31 division
30 meiotic 31 division
32 , 46 and
32 , 49 function
33 the 35 response
34 cellular 35 response
35 response 40 and
35 response 44 of
35 response 46 and
36 to 38 damage
36 to 40 and
37 dna 38 damage
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 in
41 in 43 regulation
42 the 43 regulation
44 of 45 centrosome
46 and 48 body
46 and 49 function
47 basal 48 body

finally , studies are presented linking bubr1 dysfunction or misregulation to aging and human disease , particularly cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 studies
3 studies 4 are
4 are 13 and
5 presented 8 dysfunction
6 linking 8 dysfunction
7 bubr1 8 dysfunction
8 dysfunction 9 or
9 or 10 misregulation
9 or 11 to
9 or 13 and
11 to 12 aging
13 and 15 disease
13 and 18 cancer
14 human 15 disease
16 , 17 particularly
16 , 18 cancer
18 cancer 19 .

the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) biomarkers β - amyloid1 - 42 ( aβ1 - 42 ) , total tau protein ( t - tau ) and hyperphosphorylated tau ( p - tau181p ) [are] well - validated and [are] increasingly used in clinical practice as an affirmative diagnostic tool for alzheimer 's disease ( ad [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fluid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 the 3 fluid
2 cerebrospinal 3 fluid
3 fluid 5 csf
3 fluid 7 biomarkers
4 ( 5 csf
5 csf 6 )
7 biomarkers 8 β
9 - 10 amyloid1
9 - 18 ,
10 amyloid1 12 42
10 amyloid1 16 42
11 - 12 42
12 42 14 aβ1
12 42 15 -
13 ( 14 aβ1
14 aβ1 15 -
15 - 16 42
16 42 17 )
18 , 19 total
18 , 27 and
19 total 21 protein
19 total 24 -
20 tau 21 protein
22 ( 24 -
23 t 24 -
24 - 25 tau
24 - 26 )
27 and 29 tau
27 and 39 and
28 hyperphosphorylated 29 tau
29 tau 32 -
29 tau 39 and
30 ( 32 -
31 p 32 -
32 - 36 well
32 - 37 -
33 tau181p 34 )
33 tau181p 36 well
38 validated 39 and
39 and 42 used
39 and 43 in
39 and 46 as
39 and 50 tool
41 increasingly 42 used
43 in 45 practice
44 clinical 45 practice
46 as 48 affirmative
47 an 48 affirmative
49 diagnostic 50 tool
50 tool 51 for
51 for 54 disease
52 alzheimer 53 's
53 's 54 disease
54 disease 56 ad
55 ( 56 ad
56 ad 58 )(

these biomarkers have also been implemented in the revised diagnostic criteria of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 implemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 biomarkers
2 biomarkers 3 have
3 have 5 been
4 also 5 been
5 been 6 implemented
6 implemented 7 in
7 in 11 criteria
8 the 11 criteria
9 revised 11 criteria
10 diagnostic 11 criteria
11 criteria 12 of
12 of 13 ad

the combination of the csf biomarkers aβ1 - 42 , t - tau and p - tau181p results in high levels of sensitivity , specificity and diagnostic accuracy for discriminating ad from controls ( including psychiatric disorders like depression ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 tau181p
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 combination
2 combination 3 of
2 combination 6 biomarkers
3 of 5 csf
4 the 5 csf
6 biomarkers 7 aβ1
7 aβ1 9 42
7 aβ1 14 and
8 - 9 42
9 42 11 t
9 42 12 -
10 , 11 t
11 t 12 -
12 - 14 and
13 tau 14 and
14 and 15 p
14 and 16 -
16 - 17 tau181p
17 tau181p 26 and
17 tau181p 32 from
18 results 19 in
18 results 24 ,
19 in 21 levels
20 high 21 levels
21 levels 22 of
22 of 23 sensitivity
24 , 25 specificity
24 , 26 and
26 and 28 accuracy
26 and 29 for
27 diagnostic 28 accuracy
29 for 30 discriminating
30 discriminating 31 ad
32 from 33 controls
33 controls 35 including
34 ( 35 including
35 including 37 disorders
35 including 40 )
36 psychiatric 37 disorders
37 disorders 38 like
38 like 39 depression

these biomarkers can be applied for diagnosing ad in the prodromal phase of the disease ( mild cognitive impairment ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 biomarkers
2 biomarkers 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 applied
5 applied 6 for
6 for 7 diagnosing
7 diagnosing 8 ad
7 diagnosing 9 in
9 in 12 phase
10 the 12 phase
11 prodromal 12 phase
12 phase 13 of
13 of 15 disease
14 the 15 disease
15 disease 19 impairment
16 ( 19 impairment
17 mild 19 impairment
18 cognitive 19 impairment
19 impairment 20 )

in case of doubt between vascular dementia ( vad ) or mixed ad [-] vad pathology in dementia patients , the determination of csf aβ1 - 42 , t - tau and p - tau181p levels [is] of help to confirm or [exclude] the ad component in the pathophysiology of the dementia syndrome [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
1 in 2 case
2 case 3 of
2 case 11 or
3 of 4 doubt
4 doubt 5 between
5 between 7 dementia
6 vascular 7 dementia
7 dementia 9 vad
8 ( 9 vad
9 vad 10 )
11 or 16 pathology
11 or 17 in
12 mixed 16 pathology
13 ad 16 pathology
15 vad 16 pathology
17 in 19 patients
18 dementia 19 patients
19 patients 26 -
19 patients 30 -
20 , 26 -
21 the 22 determination
22 determination 23 of
22 determination 26 -
23 of 25 aβ1
24 csf 25 aβ1
26 - 27 42
26 - 28 ,
28 , 30 -
29 t 30 -
30 - 42 or
31 tau 32 and
32 and 33 p
32 and 34 -
32 and 36 levels
35 tau181p 36 levels
36 levels 38 of
36 levels 42 or
38 of 39 help
39 help 40 to
39 help 41 confirm
40 to 41 confirm
42 or 45 ad
44 the 45 ad
45 ad 46 component
46 component 47 in
47 in 49 pathophysiology
48 the 49 pathophysiology
49 pathophysiology 50 of
50 of 53 syndrome
51 the 53 syndrome
52 dementia 53 syndrome

however , their discriminatory power for the differential diagnosis of dementia is suboptimal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 power
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 power
3 their 5 power
4 discriminatory 5 power
5 power 6 for
5 power 12 is
6 for 9 diagnosis
7 the 9 diagnosis
8 differential 9 diagnosis
9 diagnosis 10 of
10 of 11 dementia
12 is 13 suboptimal

other csf biomarkers like aβ1 - 40 , and those that are reflective of the pathology [of] [non] - ad dementias , could improve the accuracy of differential dementia diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 other 3 biomarkers
2 csf 3 biomarkers
3 biomarkers 4 like
3 biomarkers 11 that
3 biomarkers 12 are
3 biomarkers 14 of
3 biomarkers 23 could
4 like 9 and
5 aβ1 7 40
5 aβ1 9 and
6 - 7 40
7 40 8 ,
9 and 10 those
11 that 12 are
12 are 13 reflective
14 of 16 pathology
15 the 16 pathology
16 pathology 21 dementias
19 - 21 dementias
20 ad 21 dementias
21 dementias 22 ,
23 could 24 improve
24 improve 26 accuracy
25 the 26 accuracy
26 accuracy 27 of
27 of 30 diagnosis
28 differential 29 dementia
29 dementia 30 diagnosis

in summary , the csf biomarkers aβ1 - 42 , t - tau and p - tau181p can be used in clinical practice to discriminate ad from healthy aging ( including psychiatric disorders like depression ) , to diagnose ad in its prodromal phase or in atypical forms with prominent [non] - memory impairment , to identify ad in patients with mixed pathologies and in case of an ambiguous [(] ad [versus] [non] - ad [ )(dementia diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 csf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 in 2 summary
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 csf
4 the 5 csf
5 csf 6 biomarkers
6 biomarkers 7 aβ1
8 - 9 42
8 - 10 ,
8 - 16 -
10 , 11 t
10 , 12 -
10 , 14 and
11 t 12 -
12 - 13 tau
14 and 15 p
15 p 16 -
16 - 19 be
17 tau181p 18 can
18 can 19 be
19 be 20 used
20 used 21 in
20 used 24 to
21 in 23 practice
22 clinical 23 practice
24 to 25 discriminate
25 discriminate 26 ad
25 discriminate 27 from
27 from 29 aging
28 healthy 29 aging
29 aging 31 including
29 aging 38 to
30 ( 31 including
31 including 33 disorders
31 including 36 )
32 psychiatric 33 disorders
33 disorders 34 like
34 like 35 depression
37 , 38 to
38 to 39 diagnose
39 diagnose 40 ad
39 diagnose 45 or
39 diagnose 49 with
41 in 44 phase
41 in 45 or
42 its 44 phase
43 prodromal 44 phase
45 or 46 in
46 in 48 forms
47 atypical 48 forms
49 with 54 impairment
50 prominent 52 -
50 prominent 54 impairment
53 memory 54 impairment
54 impairment 56 to
55 , 56 to
56 to 57 identify
57 identify 58 ad
58 ad 59 in
58 ad 67 of
59 in 60 patients
60 patients 64 and
61 with 63 pathologies
61 with 64 and
62 mixed 63 pathologies
64 and 65 in
65 in 66 case
67 of 71 ad
68 an 69 ambiguous
68 an 71 ad
69 ambiguous 71 ad
71 ad 78 diagnosis
74 - 78 diagnosis
75 ad 78 diagnosis
77 )(dementia 78 diagnosis
78 diagnosis 79 .

objective : to explore the scope , reliability , and validity of community integration measures for older adults after traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 10 and
5 the 6 scope
6 scope 7 ,
7 , 8 reliability
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 validity
10 and 12 of
10 and 16 for
12 of 15 measures
13 community 15 measures
14 integration 15 measures
16 for 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 after
19 after 22 injury
20 traumatic 21 brain
21 brain 22 injury
22 injury 24 tbi
23 ( 24 tbi
24 tbi 25 )

data sources : a search of peer [-] reviewed articles in english from 1990 to april 2011 was conducted using the ebsco health and scopus databases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sources
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 data 2 sources
3 : 5 search
3 : 19 conducted
4 a 5 search
5 search 6 of
5 search 11 in
5 search 15 to
5 search 18 was
6 of 10 articles
7 peer 9 reviewed
9 reviewed 10 articles
11 in 12 english
12 english 13 from
13 from 14 1990
15 to 16 april
16 april 17 2011
18 was 19 conducted
19 conducted 20 using
20 using 22 ebsco
21 the 22 ebsco
22 ebsco 25 scopus
22 ebsco 26 databases
23 health 24 and
24 and 25 scopus
25 scopus 26 databases

search terms included were community integration , traumatic brain injury or tbi , 65 plus or older adults , and assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 terms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 search 2 terms
2 terms 3 included
2 terms 4 were
4 were 20 and
5 community 6 integration
6 integration 7 ,
7 , 10 injury
7 , 11 or
8 traumatic 10 injury
9 brain 10 injury
11 or 18 adults
11 or 20 and
12 tbi 13 ,
13 , 15 plus
13 , 16 or
14 65 15 plus
16 or 17 older
16 or 18 adults
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 assessment

study selection : forty - three eligible articles were identified , with 11 selected for full review using a standardized critical review method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 study 2 selection
3 : 8 articles
3 : 10 identified
4 forty 5 -
5 - 6 three
5 - 8 articles
7 eligible 8 articles
8 articles 9 were
9 were 10 identified
10 identified 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 13 11
12 with 24 .
13 11 14 selected
14 selected 15 for
14 selected 18 using
15 for 17 review
16 full 17 review
18 using 23 method
19 a 23 method
20 standardized 22 review
21 critical 22 review
22 review 23 method

data extraction : common community integration measures were identified and ranked for relevance [and] psychometric properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 extraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 data 2 extraction
3 : 7 measures
4 common 5 community
5 community 7 measures
6 integration 7 measures
7 measures 10 and
8 were 9 identified
8 were 10 and
10 and 11 ranked
10 and 12 for
12 for 16 properties
13 relevance 16 properties
15 psychometric 16 properties

of the 43 eligible articles , studies reporting community integration outcomes post - tbi were identified and critically reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 tbi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 of 5 articles
1 of 14 tbi
2 the 3 43
3 43 5 articles
4 eligible 5 articles
5 articles 7 studies
6 , 7 studies
7 studies 8 reporting
7 studies 11 outcomes
7 studies 12 post
7 studies 13 -
9 community 11 outcomes
10 integration 11 outcomes
11 outcomes 12 post
14 tbi 17 and
15 were 16 identified
15 were 17 and
17 and 19 reviewed
18 critically 19 reviewed

older adults ' community integration needs post - tbi from high quality studies were summarized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 integration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 '
3 ' 5 integration
4 community 5 integration
5 integration 6 needs
6 needs 7 post
8 - 9 tbi
9 tbi 10 from
9 tbi 15 summarized
10 from 12 quality
11 high 12 quality
12 quality 13 studies
12 quality 14 were
13 studies 14 were

data synthesis : there is a relative lack of evidence pertaining to older adults post - tbi , but indicators [are] that older adults have poorer outcomes than their younger counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 synthesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 data 2 synthesis
3 : 4 there
3 : 5 is
4 there 5 is
5 is 8 lack
6 a 8 lack
7 relative 8 lack
8 lack 9 of
9 of 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 pertaining
10 evidence 12 to
10 evidence 19 but
10 evidence 22 that
12 to 15 post
13 older 15 post
14 adults 15 post
15 post 17 tbi
16 - 17 tbi
17 tbi 18 ,
19 but 20 indicators
22 that 24 adults
22 that 25 have
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 have
25 have 27 outcomes
25 have 28 than
26 poorer 27 outcomes
28 than 31 counterparts
29 their 31 counterparts
30 younger 31 counterparts

the community integration questionnaire ( ciq ) is the most widely used community integration measurement tool used in research for people with tbi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ciq
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 6 ciq
2 community 3 integration
3 integration 4 questionnaire
4 questionnaire 6 ciq
5 ( 6 ciq
6 ciq 7 )
6 ciq 8 is
8 is 16 tool
9 the 16 tool
10 most 11 widely
11 widely 12 used
12 used 13 community
13 community 16 tool
14 integration 16 tool
15 measurement 16 tool
16 tool 17 used
17 used 18 in
17 used 22 with
18 in 19 research
19 research 20 for
20 for 21 people
22 with 23 tbi

because of some limitations , many studies have used the ciq in conjunction with other measures to better quantify [and/or] monitor changes in community integration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 5 ,
1 because 7 studies
2 of 4 limitations
3 some 4 limitations
6 many 7 studies
7 studies 8 have
8 have 9 used
9 used 11 ciq
9 used 12 in
9 used 14 with
9 used 17 to
9 used 19 quantify
10 the 11 ciq
12 in 13 conjunction
14 with 16 measures
15 other 16 measures
17 to 19 quantify
18 better 19 quantify
19 quantify 22 changes
19 quantify 23 in
21 monitor 22 changes
23 in 25 integration
24 community 25 integration

conclusions : enhancing integration of older adults after tbi into their community of choice , with particular emphasis on social integration and quality of life , should be a primary rehabilitation goal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 enhancing
3 enhancing 4 integration
3 enhancing 8 after
4 integration 5 of
5 of 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 after 9 tbi
8 after 28 be
9 tbi 10 into
9 tbi 13 of
9 tbi 27 should
10 into 12 community
11 their 12 community
13 of 14 choice
14 choice 16 with
15 , 16 with
16 with 22 and
16 with 26 ,
17 particular 18 emphasis
18 emphasis 19 on
18 emphasis 22 and
19 on 21 integration
20 social 21 integration
22 and 23 quality
22 and 24 of
24 of 25 life
27 should 28 be
28 be 32 goal
29 a 30 primary
29 a 32 goal
30 primary 31 rehabilitation
31 rehabilitation 32 goal

however , more research is needed to inform best practice guidelines to meet the needs of this growing tbi population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 research
3 more 4 research
4 research 5 is
5 is 6 needed
6 needed 7 to
7 to 8 inform
8 inform 9 best
8 inform 11 guidelines
8 inform 12 to
10 practice 11 guidelines
12 to 13 meet
13 meet 15 needs
14 the 15 needs
15 needs 16 of
16 of 20 population
17 this 18 growing
18 growing 20 population
19 tbi 20 population

it is recommended that subjective tools , such as quality of life measures , are used in conjunction with well - established community integration measures , such as the ciq , during the assessment process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 recommended
3 recommended 4 that
4 that 6 tools
4 that 16 used
5 subjective 6 tools
6 tools 9 as
6 tools 15 are
7 , 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 10 quality
9 as 14 ,
10 quality 11 of
11 of 13 measures
12 life 13 measures
15 are 16 used
16 used 19 with
16 used 32 during
17 in 18 conjunction
18 conjunction 19 with
19 with 20 well
20 well 25 measures
20 well 28 as
21 - 25 measures
22 established 23 community
23 community 24 integration
24 integration 25 measures
25 measures 26 ,
26 , 28 as
27 such 28 as
28 as 30 ciq
28 as 31 ,
29 the 30 ciq
32 during 35 process
33 the 35 process
34 assessment 35 process

due to expanding clinical indications and an aging society there has been an increase in the use of implantable pacemakers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 due
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 due 2 to
1 due 11 has
2 to 3 expanding
3 expanding 6 and
3 expanding 10 there
4 clinical 5 indications
5 indications 6 and
6 and 9 society
7 an 9 society
8 aging 9 society
11 has 12 been
12 been 14 increase
13 an 14 increase
14 increase 15 in
14 increase 18 of
15 in 17 use
16 the 17 use
18 of 20 pacemakers
19 implantable 20 pacemakers

at the same time , due to increased diagnostic yield over other imaging modalities and the absence of ionizing radiation , there has been a surge in demand for magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) assessment , of both cardiac and noncardiac conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 demand
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 15 and
2 the 3 same
3 same 4 time
6 due 7 to
7 to 10 yield
7 to 15 and
8 increased 10 yield
9 diagnostic 10 yield
11 over 13 imaging
11 over 15 and
12 other 13 imaging
14 modalities 15 and
15 and 17 absence
15 and 21 ,
15 and 22 there
15 and 27 in
15 and 28 demand
16 the 17 absence
17 absence 18 of
18 of 19 ionizing
19 ionizing 20 radiation
22 there 23 has
23 has 24 been
24 been 26 surge
24 been 27 in
25 a 26 surge
28 demand 29 for
28 demand 36 assessment
29 for 32 imaging
30 magnetic 31 resonance
31 resonance 32 imaging
32 imaging 34 mri
33 ( 34 mri
34 mri 35 )
36 assessment 38 of
37 , 38 of
38 of 43 conditions
38 of 44 .
39 both 43 conditions
40 cardiac 41 and
41 and 42 noncardiac
41 and 43 conditions

patients with an implantable device have a 50 - 75 % chance of having a clinical indication for mri during the lifetime of their device . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 6 have
2 with 5 device
3 an 4 implantable
3 an 5 device
4 implantable 5 device
6 have 12 chance
7 a 12 chance
8 50 9 -
9 - 10 75
9 - 11 %
11 % 12 chance
12 chance 13 of
13 of 14 having
14 having 17 indication
14 having 18 for
14 having 20 during
15 a 16 clinical
15 a 17 indication
16 clinical 17 indication
18 for 19 mri
20 during 22 lifetime
21 the 22 lifetime
22 lifetime 23 of
23 of 25 device
24 their 25 device

the presence of an implantable cardiac device has been seen as a relative contraindication to mri assessment , limiting the prognostic and diagnostic utility of mri in many patients with these devices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 seen
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 8 has
3 of 7 device
4 an 5 implantable
4 an 7 device
5 implantable 7 device
6 cardiac 7 device
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 seen
10 seen 11 as
11 as 14 contraindication
12 a 14 contraindication
13 relative 14 contraindication
14 contraindication 15 to
15 to 17 assessment
16 mri 17 assessment
17 assessment 19 limiting
18 , 19 limiting
19 limiting 24 utility
19 limiting 30 with
19 limiting 33 .
20 the 24 utility
21 prognostic 22 and
22 and 23 diagnostic
22 and 24 utility
24 utility 25 of
25 of 26 mri
26 mri 27 in
27 in 29 patients
28 many 29 patients
30 with 32 devices
31 these 32 devices

the introduction of mri conditional pacemakers will enable more patients to undergo routine mri assessment without risk of morbidity or device malfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 malfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 introduction
2 introduction 3 of
2 introduction 20 or
3 of 4 mri
4 mri 6 pacemakers
4 mri 12 undergo
5 conditional 6 pacemakers
6 pacemakers 7 will
7 will 8 enable
8 enable 10 patients
8 enable 11 to
8 enable 12 undergo
9 more 10 patients
11 to 12 undergo
12 undergo 15 assessment
12 undergo 16 without
13 routine 15 assessment
14 mri 15 assessment
16 without 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 19 morbidity
20 or 21 device
20 or 22 malfunction

this review gives a general overview of the principles and current evidence for the use of mri conditional implantable cardiac devices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 gives
3 gives 6 overview
3 gives 10 and
4 a 6 overview
5 general 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
7 of 9 principles
8 the 9 principles
10 and 12 evidence
10 and 21 devices
11 current 12 evidence
12 evidence 13 for
12 evidence 16 of
13 for 15 use
14 the 15 use
16 of 17 mri
18 conditional 21 devices
19 implantable 21 devices
20 cardiac 21 devices

furthermore , we appraise the differences between those pacemakers currently released to market . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 appraise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 appraise
4 appraise 6 differences
4 appraise 7 between
5 the 6 differences
7 between 9 pacemakers
8 those 9 pacemakers
9 pacemakers 11 released
10 currently 11 released
11 released 13 market
12 to 13 market

background : older people are at increased risk of vitamin b12 deficiency and the provision of fortified foods may be an effective way to ensure good vitamin b12 status in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 people
2 : 5 are
2 : 13 and
2 : 33 .
3 older 4 people
4 people 5 are
5 are 6 at
6 at 8 risk
7 increased 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 12 deficiency
10 vitamin 12 deficiency
11 b12 12 deficiency
13 and 15 provision
13 and 20 be
14 the 15 provision
15 provision 16 of
15 provision 19 may
16 of 18 foods
17 fortified 18 foods
19 may 20 be
20 be 23 way
21 an 23 way
22 effective 23 way
23 way 24 to
23 way 25 ensure
24 to 25 ensure
25 ensure 29 status
25 ensure 30 in
26 good 27 vitamin
27 vitamin 29 status
28 b12 29 status
30 in 32 life
31 later 32 life

aim : to evaluate the effectiveness of a vitamin b12 fortified food provided by a national program of complementary food for older people on plasma vitamin b12 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 fortified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 effectiveness
5 the 6 effectiveness
6 effectiveness 7 of
7 of 9 vitamin
8 a 9 vitamin
9 vitamin 10 b12
9 vitamin 11 fortified
10 b12 11 fortified
11 fortified 12 food
11 fortified 21 for
12 food 13 provided
12 food 14 by
12 food 18 of
14 by 17 program
15 a 16 national
15 a 17 program
16 national 17 program
18 of 20 food
19 complementary 20 food
21 for 23 people
22 older 23 people
23 people 24 on
24 on 28 levels
25 plasma 28 levels
26 vitamin 28 levels
27 b12 28 levels

subjects and methods : a random sub - sample [of] 351 subjects aged 65 - 67 [y] from a large cluster randomised controlled trial provided blood samples at baseline and after 24 months of intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 subjects 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 7 sub
5 a 6 random
5 a 7 sub
6 random 7 sub
8 - 9 sample
9 sample 12 subjects
11 351 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 aged
12 subjects 16 67
12 subjects 25 provided
13 aged 14 65
15 - 16 67
16 67 18 from
16 67 25 provided
18 from 24 trial
19 a 20 large
19 a 24 trial
20 large 24 trial
21 cluster 22 randomised
22 randomised 24 trial
23 controlled 24 trial
25 provided 27 samples
26 blood 27 samples
27 samples 30 and
27 samples 34 of
28 at 29 baseline
28 at 30 and
30 and 31 after
31 after 33 months
32 24 33 months
34 of 35 intervention

the intervention arm ( 10 clusters 186 participants ) received a vitamin b12 fortified food designed to deliver 1.4 μg / [day] , while the control arm did not receive complementary food ( 10 clusters , 165 participants ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 arm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 /
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 arm
2 intervention 3 arm
3 arm 8 participants
3 arm 10 received
4 ( 8 participants
5 10 8 participants
6 clusters 8 participants
7 186 8 participants
8 participants 9 )
10 received 12 vitamin
11 a 12 vitamin
12 vitamin 13 b12
12 vitamin 21 /
13 b12 14 fortified
14 fortified 15 food
15 food 16 designed
16 designed 17 to
16 designed 21 /
17 to 18 deliver
19 1.4 20 μg
20 μg 21 /
21 / 24 while
23 , 24 while
24 while 27 arm
24 while 30 receive
24 while 39 )
25 the 27 arm
26 control 27 arm
27 arm 28 did
28 did 29 not
28 did 30 receive
30 receive 32 food
31 complementary 32 food
32 food 35 clusters
32 food 38 participants
33 ( 35 clusters
34 10 35 clusters
35 clusters 36 ,
36 , 38 participants
37 165 38 participants
38 participants 39 )

serum vitamin b12 and folate levels determined [by] radioimmunoassay were used to estimate the effect of intervention on vitamin b12 levels , adjusting for baseline levels and sex . 
1 serum 2 vitamin
2 vitamin 3 b12
3 b12 4 and
4 and 5 folate
4 and 6 levels
4 and 9 radioimmunoassay
4 and 10 were
6 levels 7 determined
6 levels 9 radioimmunoassay
10 were 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 23 adjusting
12 to 13 estimate
13 estimate 15 effect
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 of
16 of 17 intervention
17 intervention 18 on
18 on 21 levels
19 vitamin 21 levels
20 b12 21 levels
22 , 23 adjusting
23 adjusting 24 for
23 adjusting 29 .
24 for 27 and
25 baseline 26 levels
26 levels 27 and
27 and 28 sex

results : attrition at 24 months was 16.7 [%] and 23.6 % in the intervention and control arms respectively ( p = 0.07 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 attrition
2 : 7 was
3 attrition 4 at
3 attrition 7 was
4 at 6 months
5 24 6 months
7 was 12 %
7 was 13 in
7 was 19 respectively
7 was 22 =
8 16.7 10 and
10 and 11 23.6
10 and 12 %
13 in 16 and
14 the 15 intervention
15 intervention 16 and
16 and 18 arms
17 control 18 arms
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.07
22 = 24 )

over 24 months of intervention , mean ( 95 % ci ) serum vitamin b12 decreased from 392 ( 359 - 425 [ )(pmol/dl to 357 ( 300 - 414 [ )(pmol/dl ( p < 0.07 ) in the intervention arm and from 395 ( 350 - 440 ) [pmol/dl] to 351 ( 308 - 395 ) [pmol/dl] in the control arm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 b12
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 over 3 months
1 over 6 ,
1 over 15 b12
2 24 3 months
3 months 4 of
4 of 5 intervention
7 mean 11 ci
7 mean 13 serum
8 ( 11 ci
9 95 11 ci
10 % 11 ci
11 ci 12 )
13 serum 14 vitamin
14 vitamin 15 b12
15 b12 16 decreased
16 decreased 17 from
16 decreased 21 -
16 decreased 35 <
16 decreased 42 and
16 decreased 47 -
16 decreased 51 to
16 decreased 55 -
16 decreased 59 in
17 from 18 392
19 ( 21 -
20 359 21 -
21 - 24 )(pmol/dl
21 - 29 -
22 425 24 )(pmol/dl
24 )(pmol/dl 25 to
25 to 26 357
26 357 28 300
27 ( 28 300
28 300 29 -
30 414 32 )(pmol/dl
32 )(pmol/dl 35 <
33 ( 35 <
34 p 35 <
35 < 36 0.07
35 < 37 )
38 in 41 arm
38 in 42 and
39 the 41 arm
40 intervention 41 arm
42 and 43 from
43 from 44 395
45 ( 47 -
46 350 47 -
47 - 48 440
47 - 49 )
51 to 52 351
53 ( 55 -
54 308 55 -
55 - 56 395
55 - 57 )
59 in 62 arm
60 the 62 arm
61 control 62 arm

there was no significant effect of the intervention on folate status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 effect
3 no 5 effect
4 significant 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 8 intervention
7 the 8 intervention
8 intervention 9 on
9 on 11 status
10 folate 11 status

discussion : our findings suggest that foods fortified with 1.4 μg/daily vitamin b12 as provided by chile 's national programme for older people are insufficient to ensure adequate vitamin b12 levels in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 35 .
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 7 foods
6 that 27 ensure
7 foods 8 fortified
8 fortified 9 with
8 fortified 11 μg/daily
8 fortified 13 b12
8 fortified 16 by
8 fortified 21 for
9 with 10 1.4
12 vitamin 13 b12
13 b12 15 provided
14 as 15 provided
16 by 20 programme
17 chile 18 's
18 's 20 programme
19 national 20 programme
21 for 23 people
22 older 23 people
23 people 24 are
24 are 25 insufficient
25 insufficient 26 to
25 insufficient 27 ensure
26 to 27 ensure
27 ensure 31 levels
27 ensure 32 in
28 adequate 29 vitamin
29 vitamin 31 levels
30 b12 31 levels
32 in 34 population
33 this 34 population

chile has a long and successful experience with nutrition intervention programs ; however , the country 's changing demographic and nutritional profiles require a constant adjustment of the programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 chile 2 has
2 has 7 experience
2 has 8 with
3 a 7 experience
4 long 5 and
5 and 6 successful
5 and 7 experience
8 with 9 nutrition
8 with 11 programs
10 intervention 11 programs
12 ; 22 profiles
12 ; 23 require
13 however 14 ,
13 however 22 profiles
15 the 16 country
16 country 17 's
17 's 22 profiles
18 changing 22 profiles
19 demographic 20 and
20 and 21 nutritional
20 and 22 profiles
22 profiles 23 require
23 require 26 adjustment
24 a 26 adjustment
25 constant 26 adjustment
26 adjustment 27 of
27 of 29 programs
28 the 29 programs

background : existing literature indicates that adrb2 gene is associated with health and longevity , but none of previous studies investigated associations of carrying the adrb2 minor alleles and interactions between adrb2 genotypes and [social/behavioral] factors ( gxe ) with health outcomes at advanced ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 existing
3 existing 4 literature
3 existing 9 is
3 existing 10 associated
3 existing 11 with
4 literature 5 indicates
5 indicates 8 gene
5 indicates 9 is
6 that 8 gene
7 adrb2 8 gene
8 gene 9 is
11 with 13 and
12 health 13 and
13 and 14 longevity
13 and 15 ,
16 but 17 none
16 but 21 investigated
17 none 18 of
17 none 21 investigated
18 of 20 studies
19 previous 20 studies
21 investigated 42 outcomes
22 associations 23 of
22 associations 29 and
23 of 24 carrying
24 carrying 27 minor
24 carrying 28 alleles
25 the 27 minor
26 adrb2 27 minor
27 minor 28 alleles
29 and 30 interactions
29 and 42 outcomes
30 interactions 31 between
30 interactions 40 with
31 between 32 adrb2
32 adrb2 34 and
32 adrb2 38 gxe
33 genotypes 34 and
34 and 36 factors
37 ( 38 gxe
38 gxe 39 )
40 with 41 health
42 outcomes 43 at
43 at 45 ages
44 advanced 45 ages

this study intends to fill in this research gap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 intends
3 intends 4 to
3 intends 5 fill
4 to 5 fill
5 fill 6 in
6 in 9 gap
7 this 9 gap
8 research 9 gap

method : we conducted an exploratory analysis , using longitudinal survey phenotype/genotype data from 877 [oldest] - old aged 90+ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 17 -
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 7 analysis
5 an 6 exploratory
5 an 7 analysis
6 exploratory 7 analysis
7 analysis 9 using
8 , 9 using
9 using 13 data
9 using 14 from
9 using 17 -
10 longitudinal 11 survey
11 survey 13 data
12 phenotype/genotype 13 data
14 from 15 877
17 - 20 90+
18 old 20 90+
19 aged 20 90+

to estimate association of gxe interactions with health outcome , adjusted for the potential correlation between genotypes and [social/behavioral] factors and various [other] potentially confounding factors , we develop and test an innovative three [-] step procedure which combines logistic regression and structural equation methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 to 10 ,
2 estimate 3 association
2 estimate 7 with
2 estimate 10 ,
3 association 4 of
4 of 6 interactions
5 gxe 6 interactions
7 with 9 outcome
8 health 9 outcome
10 , 11 adjusted
11 adjusted 12 for
12 for 21 and
13 the 15 correlation
14 potential 15 correlation
15 correlation 16 between
15 correlation 21 and
16 between 18 and
17 genotypes 18 and
18 and 20 factors
21 and 22 various
21 and 27 ,
21 and 28 we
21 and 31 test
22 various 25 confounding
24 potentially 25 confounding
25 confounding 26 factors
28 we 30 and
29 develop 30 and
30 and 31 test
31 test 37 procedure
32 an 33 innovative
32 an 37 procedure
33 innovative 36 step
34 three 36 step
36 step 37 procedure
37 procedure 38 which
37 procedure 39 combines
38 which 39 combines
39 combines 42 and
40 logistic 41 regression
41 regression 42 and
42 and 45 methods
42 and 46 .
43 structural 44 equation
44 equation 45 methods

results : interaction between regular exercise and carrying rs1042718 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with good cognitive function [;] interaction between regular exercise and carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with self - reported good health [;] and interaction between social - leisure activities and carrying rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with self - reported good health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 and
2 : 9 rs1042718
3 interaction 4 between
3 interaction 7 and
4 between 6 exercise
5 regular 6 exercise
7 and 8 carrying
7 and 9 rs1042718
9 rs1042718 10 minor
9 rs1042718 17 with
10 minor 11 allele
10 minor 16 associated
11 allele 14 and
12 is 13 significantly
12 is 14 and
14 and 16 associated
15 positively 16 associated
17 with 20 function
17 with 22 interaction
18 good 20 function
19 cognitive 20 function
22 interaction 23 between
23 between 29 or
24 regular 25 exercise
25 exercise 26 and
26 and 28 rs1042718
26 and 29 or
27 carrying 28 rs1042718
29 or 30 rs1042719
29 or 32 allele
29 or 37 associated
31 minor 32 allele
32 allele 35 and
33 is 34 significantly
33 is 35 and
35 and 37 associated
36 positively 37 associated
37 associated 38 with
37 associated 47 between
38 with 39 self
38 with 45 and
39 self 41 reported
40 - 41 reported
42 good 43 health
43 health 45 and
45 and 46 interaction
47 between 52 and
48 social 49 -
48 social 51 activities
50 leisure 51 activities
51 activities 52 and
52 and 53 carrying
52 and 56 allele
52 and 59 and
54 rs1042719 56 allele
55 minor 56 allele
56 allele 59 and
57 is 58 significantly
57 is 59 and
59 and 61 associated
59 and 62 with
60 positively 61 associated
62 with 63 self
63 self 67 health
64 - 67 health
65 reported 67 health
66 good 67 health
67 health 68 .

carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor alleles is significantly and negatively associated with negative emotion , but the adrb2 snps are not significantly associated with cognitive [function] and self - reported health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 reported
1 carrying 2 rs1042718
2 rs1042718 3 or
3 or 6 alleles
3 or 9 and
4 rs1042719 5 minor
5 minor 6 alleles
7 is 8 significantly
7 is 9 and
9 and 16 but
9 and 24 with
10 negatively 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 but
12 with 14 emotion
13 negative 14 emotion
15 , 16 but
16 but 23 associated
17 the 19 snps
18 adrb2 19 snps
19 snps 20 are
20 are 21 not
21 not 22 significantly
22 significantly 23 associated
24 with 27 and
25 cognitive 27 and
27 and 28 self
29 - 30 reported
30 reported 31 health
30 reported 32 .

our structural equation analysis found that , adjusted for the confounding effects [of] correlation of the adrb2 snps with negative emotion , interaction between negative emotion and carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and negatively associated with cognitive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 our 4 analysis
2 structural 3 equation
3 equation 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 found
5 found 6 that
5 found 8 adjusted
7 , 8 adjusted
8 adjusted 9 for
8 adjusted 19 with
8 adjusted 22 ,
9 for 14 correlation
10 the 14 correlation
11 confounding 12 effects
12 effects 14 correlation
14 correlation 15 of
15 of 18 snps
16 the 18 snps
17 adrb2 18 snps
19 with 21 emotion
20 negative 21 emotion
22 , 27 and
23 interaction 24 between
23 interaction 27 and
24 between 26 emotion
25 negative 26 emotion
27 and 41 function
28 carrying 41 function
29 rs1042718 30 or
30 or 32 minor
30 or 33 allele
30 or 39 with
30 or 41 function
31 rs1042719 32 minor
33 allele 36 and
34 is 35 significantly
34 is 36 and
36 and 38 associated
37 negatively 38 associated
38 associated 39 with
40 cognitive 41 function

the positive association of regular exercise and social - leisure activities with cognitive function and self - reported health , and negative association of negative emotion with cognitive function , were much stronger among carriers of rs1042718 or rs1042719 alleles , compared to the [non] [-] carriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 the 3 association
2 positive 3 association
3 association 4 of
3 association 7 and
4 of 6 exercise
5 regular 6 exercise
7 and 8 social
7 and 9 -
9 - 15 and
9 - 17 -
10 leisure 11 activities
11 activities 12 with
11 activities 15 and
12 with 14 function
13 cognitive 14 function
15 and 16 self
17 - 21 and
18 reported 19 health
19 health 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 association
21 and 30 ,
21 and 31 were
22 negative 23 association
23 association 24 of
24 of 26 emotion
25 negative 26 emotion
26 emotion 27 with
27 with 29 function
28 cognitive 29 function
31 were 33 stronger
32 much 33 stronger
33 stronger 34 among
34 among 35 carriers
35 carriers 36 of
35 carriers 42 compared
36 of 40 alleles
37 rs1042718 38 or
38 or 39 rs1042719
38 or 40 alleles
41 , 42 compared
42 compared 43 to
42 compared 48 .
43 to 47 carriers
44 the 47 carriers

conclusions : the results indicate significant positive associations of interactions between social/behavioral factors and the adrb2 genotypes with health outcomes of cognitive function and self - reported health , and negative associations [of] carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor alleles with negative emotion , at advanced ages in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 14 and
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 8 associations
6 significant 8 associations
7 positive 8 associations
8 associations 9 of
8 associations 11 between
9 of 10 interactions
11 between 13 factors
12 social/behavioral 13 factors
14 and 16 adrb2
15 the 16 adrb2
16 adrb2 17 genotypes
17 genotypes 18 with
17 genotypes 24 and
18 with 19 health
20 outcomes 21 of
20 outcomes 24 and
21 of 23 function
22 cognitive 23 function
24 and 25 self
25 self 34 carrying
26 - 27 reported
27 reported 32 associations
27 reported 34 carrying
28 health 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 negative
30 and 32 associations
34 carrying 39 alleles
34 carrying 40 with
35 rs1042718 36 or
36 or 37 rs1042719
36 or 39 alleles
38 minor 39 alleles
40 with 42 emotion
41 negative 42 emotion
42 emotion 44 at
43 , 44 at
44 at 46 ages
44 at 49 .
45 advanced 46 ages
46 ages 47 in
47 in 48 china

our findings are exploratory rather than causal conclusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 4 exploratory
4 exploratory 6 than
5 rather 6 than
6 than 8 conclusions
7 causal 8 conclusions

this study implies that near - future health promotion programs considering individuals ' genetic profiles , with appropriate protection of privacy/confidentiality , would yield increased benefits and reduced costs to the programs and their participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 implies
3 implies 10 programs
4 that 5 near
5 near 6 -
5 near 8 health
7 future 8 health
8 health 10 programs
9 promotion 10 programs
10 programs 11 considering
11 considering 15 profiles
12 individuals 13 '
13 ' 15 profiles
14 genetic 15 profiles
16 , 27 and
17 with 19 protection
17 with 22 ,
17 with 27 and
18 appropriate 19 protection
19 protection 20 of
20 of 21 privacy/confidentiality
23 would 24 yield
23 would 27 and
24 yield 26 benefits
25 increased 26 benefits
27 and 28 reduced
28 reduced 29 costs
28 reduced 30 to
30 to 33 and
31 the 32 programs
32 programs 33 and
33 and 35 participants
34 their 35 participants

aims : microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system , originating from haematopoietic - derived myeloid cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 microglia
2 : 4 are
3 microglia 4 are
4 are 8 cells
4 are 9 in
5 the 8 cells
6 resident 8 cells
7 immune 8 cells
9 in 13 system
10 the 13 system
11 central 13 system
12 nervous 13 system
13 system 15 originating
14 , 15 originating
15 originating 16 from
15 originating 22 .
16 from 21 cells
17 haematopoietic 18 -
17 haematopoietic 21 cells
19 derived 21 cells
20 myeloid 21 cells

a microglial cell is a double - edged sword , which has both [pro] - inflammatory and anti - inflammatory functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 a 2 microglial
1 a 3 cell
2 microglial 3 cell
3 cell 4 is
4 is 9 sword
5 a 6 double
5 a 9 sword
6 double 7 -
6 double 9 sword
8 edged 9 sword
9 sword 11 which
9 sword 17 and
10 , 11 which
11 which 12 has
11 which 15 -
12 has 13 both
15 - 17 and
16 inflammatory 17 and
17 and 18 anti
17 and 19 -
19 - 21 functions
19 - 22 .
20 inflammatory 21 functions

although understanding the role of microglia in pathological conditions has become increasingly important , histopathology has been the only way to investigate microglia in human diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 histopathology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 although 2 understanding
1 although 15 histopathology
2 understanding 4 role
2 understanding 10 has
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 7 in
4 role 10 has
5 of 6 microglia
7 in 9 conditions
8 pathological 9 conditions
10 has 11 become
12 increasingly 15 histopathology
13 important 14 ,
13 important 15 histopathology
15 histopathology 16 has
16 has 17 been
17 been 20 way
17 been 23 microglia
18 the 19 only
18 the 20 way
20 way 21 to
20 way 22 investigate
21 to 22 investigate
23 microglia 24 in
24 in 26 diseases
25 human 26 diseases

methods : to enable the study of microglial cells in vitro , we [here] establish a culture system to induce microglia - like cells from haematopoietic cells [by] [coculture] with astrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 enable
2 : 12 ,
2 : 20 induce
2 : 22 -
3 to 4 enable
4 enable 6 study
4 enable 11 vitro
5 the 6 study
6 study 7 of
7 of 9 cells
8 microglial 9 cells
10 in 11 vitro
12 , 13 we
12 , 15 establish
13 we 15 establish
15 establish 18 system
15 establish 19 to
16 a 18 system
17 culture 18 system
19 to 20 induce
20 induce 21 microglia
22 - 23 like
23 like 24 cells
23 like 25 from
23 like 30 with
25 from 27 cells
26 haematopoietic 27 cells
30 with 31 astrocytes

the characteristics of microglia - [like] cells were analysed by flow cytometry and functional assay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 of
2 characteristics 8 were
3 of 7 cells
4 microglia 5 -
4 microglia 7 cells
8 were 9 analysed
9 analysed 10 by
10 by 13 and
11 flow 12 cytometry
12 cytometry 13 and
13 and 15 assay
14 functional 15 assay

results : we show that triggering receptor expressing on myeloid cells - 2 - expressing microglia - like cells could be induced from lineage negative cells or monocytes [by] coculture with astrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 show
2 : 33 .
3 we 4 show
4 show 7 receptor
4 show 8 expressing
4 show 30 coculture
5 that 7 receptor
6 triggering 7 receptor
8 expressing 9 on
8 expressing 15 expressing
8 expressing 18 like
8 expressing 20 could
9 on 11 cells
10 myeloid 11 cells
11 cells 13 2
12 - 13 2
13 2 14 -
14 - 15 expressing
15 expressing 16 microglia
15 expressing 17 -
18 like 19 cells
20 could 21 be
21 be 22 induced
22 induced 23 from
23 from 24 lineage
24 lineage 27 or
24 lineage 30 coculture
25 negative 26 cells
26 cells 27 or
27 or 28 monocytes
27 or 30 coculture
30 coculture 31 with
31 with 32 astrocytes

microglia - like cells exhibited lower expression of cd45 and mhc class ii than macrophages , a characteristic similar to brain microglia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 class
1 microglia 2 -
1 microglia 10 and
3 like 4 cells
3 like 10 and
5 exhibited 7 expression
6 lower 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 10 and
8 of 9 cd45
10 and 11 mhc
10 and 12 class
12 class 13 ii
12 class 14 than
14 than 15 macrophages
15 macrophages 18 characteristic
16 , 18 characteristic
17 a 18 characteristic
18 characteristic 19 similar
18 characteristic 23 .
19 similar 20 to
19 similar 21 brain
20 to 21 brain
21 brain 22 microglia

when introduced into brain slice cultures , these microglia - like cells changed their morphology to a ramified shape on the first day of the culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 changed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 when 2 introduced
1 when 12 cells
2 introduced 3 into
3 into 4 brain
4 brain 6 cultures
4 brain 11 like
5 slice 6 cultures
6 cultures 9 microglia
6 cultures 11 like
7 , 9 microglia
8 these 9 microglia
9 microglia 10 -
12 cells 13 changed
13 changed 15 morphology
13 changed 16 to
14 their 15 morphology
16 to 19 shape
17 a 19 shape
18 ramified 19 shape
19 shape 20 on
19 shape 24 of
20 on 23 day
21 the 23 day
22 first 23 day
24 of 26 culture
25 the 26 culture

moreover , we demonstrated that microglia - [like] cells could be induced from human monocytes by [coculture] [with] astrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 that
5 that 9 cells
5 that 12 induced
6 microglia 7 -
6 microglia 9 cells
9 cells 10 could
10 could 11 be
11 be 12 induced
12 induced 13 from
12 induced 16 by
13 from 15 monocytes
14 human 15 monocytes
16 by 19 astrocytes

finally , we showed that interleukin 34 was an important factor in the induction of microglia - like cells from haematopoietic cells in addition to cell [-] cell contact with astrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 6 interleukin
5 that 8 was
6 interleukin 7 34
6 interleukin 8 was
8 was 11 factor
9 an 10 important
9 an 11 factor
10 important 11 factor
11 factor 12 in
11 factor 15 of
12 in 14 induction
13 the 14 induction
15 of 16 microglia
17 - 18 like
17 - 32 .
18 like 19 cells
18 like 23 in
18 like 30 with
19 cells 20 from
20 from 22 cells
21 haematopoietic 22 cells
23 in 24 addition
24 addition 25 to
25 to 29 contact
26 cell 28 cell
28 cell 29 contact
30 with 31 astrocytes

purified microglia - [like] cells were suitable for further culture and functional analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 purified 5 cells
2 microglia 3 -
2 microglia 5 cells
5 cells 6 were
6 were 7 suitable
7 suitable 8 for
8 for 11 and
9 further 10 culture
10 culture 11 and
11 and 13 analyses
12 functional 13 analyses

conclusion : development of in [vitro] induction [system] for microglia will further promote the study of human microglial cells under pathological conditions as well as aid in the screening of drugs to target microglial cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 development
2 : 13 promote
3 development 4 of
3 development 9 for
3 development 11 will
4 of 5 in
5 in 7 induction
9 for 10 microglia
11 will 13 promote
12 further 13 promote
13 promote 15 study
13 promote 20 under
13 promote 25 as
13 promote 32 to
14 the 15 study
15 study 16 of
16 of 19 cells
17 human 19 cells
18 microglial 19 cells
20 under 22 conditions
21 pathological 22 conditions
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 26 aid
26 aid 27 in
27 in 29 screening
28 the 29 screening
29 screening 30 of
30 of 31 drugs
32 to 33 target
33 target 35 cells
34 microglial 35 cells

faulty inhibition is implicated in age - related working memory decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 faulty 2 inhibition
2 inhibition 3 is
3 is 4 implicated
4 implicated 5 in
5 in 6 age
7 - 11 decline
7 - 12 .
8 related 10 memory
9 working 10 memory
10 memory 11 decline

erp signs of selection and inhibition of items in working memory ( wm ) [are] , respectively , a cue - locked parietal positivity ( [∼] 350 m [s] ) and a probe - locked frontal negativity ( [∼] 520 m [s] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 erp 2 signs
2 signs 3 of
2 signs 5 and
3 of 4 selection
5 and 6 inhibition
5 and 7 of
5 and 20 cue
5 and 31 and
7 of 8 items
8 items 9 in
9 in 10 working
10 working 11 memory
10 working 17 respectively
11 memory 13 wm
12 ( 13 wm
13 wm 14 )
16 , 17 respectively
17 respectively 18 ,
18 , 20 cue
19 a 20 cue
20 cue 24 positivity
20 cue 30 )
21 - 24 positivity
22 locked 24 positivity
23 parietal 24 positivity
24 positivity 28 m
24 positivity 30 )
25 ( 28 m
27 350 28 m
28 m 30 )
31 and 33 probe
31 and 34 -
31 and 37 negativity
32 a 33 probe
34 - 37 negativity
35 locked 37 negativity
36 frontal 37 negativity
37 negativity 41 m
37 negativity 43 )
38 ( 41 m
40 520 41 m
41 m 43 )

to determine when in the older age range differences in selective and inhibitory processes might occur , erps were recorded in a wm task from 20 young ( 20 - 28 ) , 20 young - old ( 60 - 70 ) , [and] 20 old - old ( 71 - 82 ) adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
1 to 2 determine
2 determine 18 erps
2 determine 20 recorded
3 when 9 differences
3 when 16 occur
3 when 17 ,
3 when 18 erps
4 in 8 range
4 in 9 differences
5 the 8 range
6 older 8 range
7 age 8 range
9 differences 10 in
9 differences 15 might
10 in 12 and
11 selective 12 and
12 and 14 processes
13 inhibitory 14 processes
15 might 16 occur
18 erps 19 were
19 were 20 recorded
20 recorded 21 in
20 recorded 27 young
20 recorded 30 -
21 in 24 task
22 a 24 task
23 wm 24 task
24 task 25 from
25 from 26 20
28 ( 30 -
29 20 30 -
30 - 31 28
30 - 32 )
33 , 46 old
33 , 47 -
34 20 46 old
35 young 36 -
35 young 46 old
37 old 39 60
37 old 43 ,
37 old 46 old
38 ( 39 60
39 60 41 70
39 60 42 )
40 - 41 70
41 70 42 )
45 20 46 old
47 - 54 adults
47 - 55 .
48 old 54 adults
49 ( 51 -
50 71 51 -
51 - 52 82
51 - 53 )
51 - 54 adults

[a] 4 - digit display was [followed] by a cue indicating which 2 of 4 digits were relevant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 4 3 -
3 - 5 display
4 digit 5 display
5 display 6 was
6 was 8 by
6 was 18 relevant
8 by 10 cue
9 a 10 cue
10 cue 11 indicating
10 cue 13 2
10 cue 17 were
11 indicating 12 which
13 2 14 of
13 2 17 were
14 of 16 digits
15 4 16 digits

proactive interference ( pi ) , the reaction time difference between [a] matching [and] [non] - matching [to] - be - ignored [digit] [was] [larger] , relative to the young , in both older groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
1 proactive 2 interference
2 interference 4 pi
2 interference 10 difference
2 interference 20 be
3 ( 4 pi
4 pi 5 )
6 , 10 difference
7 the 10 difference
8 reaction 10 difference
9 time 10 difference
10 difference 11 between
10 difference 19 -
11 between 13 matching
13 matching 17 matching
16 - 17 matching
17 matching 19 -
20 be 22 ignored
20 be 27 relative
21 - 22 ignored
22 ignored 26 ,
27 relative 28 to
27 relative 32 in
28 to 30 young
29 the 30 young
31 , 32 in
32 in 35 groups
32 in 36 .
33 both 35 groups
34 older 35 groups

compared to the young , both the cue - and probe - locked activities were prolonged in the older groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 prolonged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 6 both
2 to 4 young
3 the 4 young
6 both 7 the
6 both 14 activities
6 both 15 were
7 the 8 cue
8 cue 10 and
9 - 10 and
10 and 11 probe
10 and 12 -
10 and 13 locked
10 and 14 activities
15 were 16 prolonged
16 prolonged 17 in
17 in 20 groups
18 the 20 groups
19 older 20 groups

although there were no topographic differences among the age groups , the prolonged pi and associated erps suggest a relative age [-] related deficit in inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 although 2 there
1 although 3 were
1 although 15 and
2 there 3 were
3 were 6 differences
4 no 6 differences
5 topographic 6 differences
6 differences 7 among
7 among 9 age
8 the 9 age
10 groups 11 ,
11 , 14 pi
11 , 15 and
12 the 14 pi
13 prolonged 14 pi
15 and 17 erps
15 and 18 suggest
16 associated 17 erps
18 suggest 24 deficit
19 a 20 relative
19 a 24 deficit
20 relative 21 age
21 age 23 related
23 related 24 deficit
24 deficit 25 in
25 in 26 inhibition

none objectives : despite safety warnings on serious adverse effects and guidance advising discontinuation , antipsychotic use in nursing homes remains high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 none 2 objectives
1 none 3 :
1 none 21 remains
2 objectives 3 :
3 : 4 despite
3 : 7 on
4 despite 6 warnings
5 safety 6 warnings
7 on 11 and
8 serious 10 effects
9 adverse 10 effects
10 effects 11 and
11 and 12 guidance
11 and 15 ,
11 and 17 use
11 and 20 homes
12 guidance 13 advising
13 advising 14 discontinuation
16 antipsychotic 17 use
17 use 18 in
17 use 20 homes
18 in 19 nursing
21 remains 22 high

studies documenting the barriers experienced to antipsychotic discontinuation are rare . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 studies 2 documenting
1 studies 9 are
2 documenting 4 barriers
3 the 4 barriers
4 barriers 5 experienced
5 experienced 6 to
6 to 8 discontinuation
7 antipsychotic 8 discontinuation
9 are 10 rare

this exploratory study investigates the willingness of nurses and general practitioners ( gps ) as well as the barriers to undertake antipsychotic discontinuation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 exploratory
2 exploratory 3 study
3 study 4 investigates
4 investigates 6 willingness
5 the 6 willingness
6 willingness 7 of
6 willingness 17 as
6 willingness 20 to
6 willingness 21 undertake
7 of 9 and
8 nurses 9 and
9 and 11 practitioners
9 and 13 gps
10 general 11 practitioners
12 ( 13 gps
13 gps 14 )
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 19 barriers
18 the 19 barriers
20 to 21 undertake
21 undertake 23 discontinuation
22 antipsychotic 23 discontinuation

design and setting : [a] mixed - method study involving an expert meeting , followed by a survey using structured questionnaires distributed to responsible nurses ( primary caregivers ) and treating gps on selected nursing home residents in belgian nursing homes to generate case - specific information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 setting
3 setting 4 :
4 : 6 mixed
7 - 9 study
7 - 45 -
8 method 9 study
9 study 10 involving
9 study 13 meeting
9 study 15 followed
10 involving 12 expert
11 an 12 expert
14 , 15 followed
15 followed 16 by
15 followed 33 on
15 followed 45 -
16 by 30 and
17 a 18 survey
18 survey 19 using
18 survey 22 distributed
18 survey 30 and
19 using 21 questionnaires
20 structured 21 questionnaires
22 distributed 23 to
23 to 25 nurses
24 responsible 25 nurses
25 nurses 28 caregivers
26 ( 28 caregivers
27 primary 28 caregivers
28 caregivers 29 )
30 and 32 gps
31 treating 32 gps
33 on 35 nursing
34 selected 35 nursing
35 nursing 37 residents
35 nursing 44 case
36 home 37 residents
37 residents 38 in
37 residents 44 case
38 in 41 homes
39 belgian 40 nursing
40 nursing 41 homes
41 homes 42 to
41 homes 43 generate
42 to 43 generate
45 - 47 information
46 specific 47 information

results : antipsychotic users ( n = 113 ) had a mean age of 81 years ( range 57 - 97 ) ; 62 % were female and 81 % had moderate to severe cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 users
2 : 10 had
2 : 23 ;
2 : 37 .
3 antipsychotic 4 users
4 users 7 =
4 users 10 had
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 113
7 = 9 )
10 had 13 age
11 a 13 age
12 mean 13 age
13 age 14 of
13 age 18 range
14 of 16 years
15 81 16 years
17 ( 18 range
18 range 19 57
18 range 21 97
18 range 23 ;
20 - 21 97
21 97 22 )
23 ; 28 and
23 ; 32 moderate
24 62 25 %
24 62 28 and
25 % 26 were
26 were 27 female
28 and 29 81
28 and 30 %
28 and 31 had
28 and 32 moderate
29 81 30 %
30 % 31 had
32 moderate 33 to
33 to 36 impairment
34 severe 36 impairment
35 cognitive 36 impairment

nurses and gps indicated a willingness for antipsychotic discontinuation in a small proportion of residents , 13.8 [%] and 12.2 % , respectively , with a shared willingness in only 4.2 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 nurses 2 and
2 and 3 gps
2 and 4 indicated
4 indicated 6 willingness
4 indicated 10 in
4 indicated 23 respectively
4 indicated 25 with
4 indicated 29 in
5 a 6 willingness
6 willingness 7 for
7 for 9 discontinuation
8 antipsychotic 9 discontinuation
10 in 13 proportion
11 a 12 small
11 a 13 proportion
12 small 13 proportion
13 proportion 14 of
14 of 15 residents
15 residents 21 %
16 , 21 %
17 13.8 19 and
19 and 20 12.2
19 and 21 %
21 % 22 ,
22 , 23 respectively
23 respectively 24 ,
25 with 28 willingness
26 a 28 willingness
27 shared 28 willingness
29 in 32 %
30 only 31 4.2
31 4.2 32 %

residents for whom there was a higher willingness to try antipsychotic discontinuation were generally [older] [(] mean age 84.6 vs [.] 80.3 , p = 0.07 ) [,] had high physical dependency [(] adl [>] 14 , 93.3 % vs [.] 60.9 % , p = 0.01 [ )( [resided] on a ward with controlled access ( 80.0 % vs [.] 45.7 % , p = 0.02 ) . 
1 residents 2 for
1 residents 13 were
2 for 3 whom
2 for 4 there
2 for 5 was
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 willingness
5 was 9 to
6 a 8 willingness
7 higher 8 willingness
9 to 10 try
10 try 12 discontinuation
11 antipsychotic 12 discontinuation
13 were 17 mean
14 generally 17 mean
17 mean 18 age
17 mean 29 had
18 age 19 84.6
18 age 20 vs
18 age 29 had
20 vs 22 80.3
22 80.3 25 =
23 , 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.07
25 = 27 )
29 had 34 adl
30 high 32 dependency
31 physical 32 dependency
32 dependency 34 adl
34 adl 36 14
34 adl 39 %
34 adl 46 =
37 , 39 %
38 93.3 39 %
39 % 40 vs
39 % 44 ,
40 vs 43 %
42 60.9 43 %
44 , 46 =
45 p 46 =
46 = 47 0.01
47 0.01 51 on
47 0.01 54 with
47 0.01 59 %
51 on 53 ward
52 a 53 ward
54 with 56 access
55 controlled 56 access
57 ( 59 %
58 80.0 59 %
59 % 60 vs
59 % 66 =
59 % 69 .
60 vs 63 %
62 45.7 63 %
64 , 66 =
65 p 66 =
66 = 67 0.02
66 = 68 )

in contrast , residents for whom there was a significant lower willingness for discontinuation already had a previously failed discontinuation effort , and may present risk of harm to themselves or to others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 residents
4 residents 5 for
4 residents 23 and
5 for 6 whom
5 for 7 there
5 for 8 was
7 there 8 was
8 was 12 willingness
9 a 12 willingness
10 significant 12 willingness
11 lower 12 willingness
12 willingness 13 for
13 for 14 discontinuation
15 already 16 had
16 had 21 effort
16 had 23 and
17 a 21 effort
18 previously 19 failed
19 failed 20 discontinuation
20 discontinuation 21 effort
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 may
23 and 31 or
24 may 25 present
25 present 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
27 of 28 harm
29 to 30 themselves
29 to 31 or
31 or 32 to
32 to 33 others

nurses working longer on the ward , with lower education , presented higher barriers to discontinuation of antipsychotics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nurses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 nurses 2 working
1 nurses 12 presented
2 working 3 longer
2 working 4 on
4 on 6 ward
5 the 6 ward
6 ward 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 10 education
8 with 11 ,
9 lower 10 education
12 presented 14 barriers
12 presented 15 to
13 higher 14 barriers
15 to 16 discontinuation
16 discontinuation 17 of
17 of 18 antipsychotics

conclusion : nurses and gps share a very low willingness and high barriers to antipsychotic discontinuation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 6 share
3 nurses 4 and
4 and 5 gps
4 and 6 share
6 share 11 and
6 share 14 to
7 a 8 very
7 a 10 willingness
8 very 9 low
9 low 10 willingness
10 willingness 11 and
11 and 13 barriers
12 high 13 barriers
14 to 16 discontinuation
15 antipsychotic 16 discontinuation

to implement discontinuation programs , complex multidisciplinary interventions should be offered taking existing barriers into account . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 to 2 implement
2 implement 4 programs
3 discontinuation 4 programs
5 , 8 interventions
5 , 11 offered
6 complex 8 interventions
7 multidisciplinary 8 interventions
8 interventions 9 should
9 should 10 be
10 be 11 offered
11 offered 14 barriers
11 offered 16 account
12 taking 13 existing
13 existing 14 barriers
15 into 16 account

objective : to study the role of hypoxia - inducible factor 1 [alpha] ( hif1alpha ) on knee cartilage degeneration,and to explore the effects and mechanisms of chinese herbal compound yiqi huayu prescription on hif - 1alpha gene knockout mice on knee cartilage degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 explore
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 study
3 to 4 study
4 study 6 role
4 study 17 on
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
6 role 15 hif1alpha
7 of 11 factor
8 hypoxia 9 -
8 hypoxia 11 factor
10 inducible 11 factor
11 factor 12 1
14 ( 15 hif1alpha
15 hif1alpha 16 )
17 on 19 cartilage
18 knee 19 cartilage
19 cartilage 20 degeneration,and
20 degeneration,and 21 to
21 to 22 explore
22 explore 25 and
23 the 25 and
24 effects 25 and
25 and 26 mechanisms
25 and 27 of
25 and 40 mice
27 of 33 prescription
28 chinese 33 prescription
29 herbal 33 prescription
30 compound 33 prescription
31 yiqi 32 huayu
32 huayu 33 prescription
33 prescription 34 on
34 on 35 hif
36 - 40 mice
37 1alpha 40 mice
38 gene 39 knockout
39 knockout 40 mice
40 mice 41 on
40 mice 45 .
41 on 44 degeneration
42 knee 43 cartilage
43 cartilage 44 degeneration

methods : the 4 - [month] and 6 - month hif - 1alpha gene knock out mice were obtained by interbreeding , and divided into hif - 1alpha +/+ 4 - month mice group,hif - 1alpha - / - 4 - month mice group,hif - 1alpha +/+ 6 - month mice group and hif - 1alpha - / - 6 [-] month mice group , 3 mice in each group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 4
3 the 4 4
5 - 7 and
7 and 8 6
7 and 13 1alpha
8 6 11 hif
8 6 13 1alpha
9 - 11 hif
10 month 11 hif
11 hif 12 -
13 1alpha 14 gene
14 gene 17 mice
14 gene 23 and
15 knock 17 mice
16 out 17 mice
17 mice 23 and
18 were 19 obtained
18 were 23 and
19 obtained 20 by
20 by 21 interbreeding
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 divided
23 and 25 into
25 into 26 hif
26 hif 29 +/+
26 hif 38 /
27 - 29 +/+
28 1alpha 29 +/+
29 +/+ 30 4
29 +/+ 31 -
31 - 38 /
32 month 33 mice
33 mice 34 group,hif
34 group,hif 36 1alpha
34 group,hif 38 /
35 - 36 1alpha
36 1alpha 37 -
38 / 40 4
39 - 40 4
40 4 45 -
41 - 45 -
42 month 44 group,hif
43 mice 44 group,hif
44 group,hif 45 -
45 - 47 +/+
46 1alpha 47 +/+
47 +/+ 48 6
47 +/+ 58 /
49 - 58 /
50 month 51 mice
51 mice 52 group
52 group 53 and
53 and 54 hif
53 and 56 1alpha
53 and 58 /
55 - 56 1alpha
56 1alpha 57 -
58 / 60 6
59 - 60 6
60 6 63 mice
60 6 64 group
60 6 67 mice
62 month 63 mice
63 mice 64 group
65 , 67 mice
66 3 67 mice
67 mice 68 in
67 mice 71 .
68 in 70 group
69 each 70 group

and then the 2 - month [-] old hif - 1alpha gene knock out mice were randomly divided into yiqi huayu prescription group and physiological saline group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 and 4 2
1 and 18 divided
2 then 4 2
3 the 4 2
4 2 9 hif
4 2 11 1alpha
5 - 9 hif
6 month 9 hif
8 old 9 hif
9 hif 10 -
12 gene 15 mice
13 knock 15 mice
14 out 15 mice
15 mice 16 were
16 were 17 randomly
16 were 18 divided
18 divided 19 into
19 into 21 huayu
20 yiqi 21 huayu
21 huayu 24 and
21 huayu 27 group
22 prescription 23 group
23 group 24 and
24 and 26 saline
24 and 27 group
25 physiological 26 saline

there were 6 mice in each group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 mice
3 6 4 mice
4 mice 5 in
5 in 7 group
6 each 7 group

after 2 months ' drug administration , the knee joint of mice was collected , and the mankin score were evaluated ; safranine - fast green staining , he staining , and immunohistochemistry analysis for vegf , [col] x , [col] ii , mmp - 13 and sox - 9 were performed erespectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 '
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 after 2 2
1 after 4 '
3 months 4 '
4 ' 5 drug
5 drug 6 administration
7 , 10 joint
7 , 13 was
7 , 15 ,
8 the 10 joint
9 knee 10 joint
10 joint 11 of
10 joint 13 was
11 of 12 mice
13 was 14 collected
15 , 16 and
15 , 21 evaluated
15 , 22 ;
16 and 19 score
17 the 19 score
18 mankin 19 score
19 score 20 were
20 were 21 evaluated
22 ; 25 fast
23 safranine 24 -
23 safranine 25 fast
25 fast 32 and
26 green 27 staining
26 green 28 ,
28 , 30 staining
28 , 32 and
29 he 30 staining
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 analysis
32 and 35 for
32 and 44 mmp
33 immunohistochemistry 34 analysis
35 for 36 vegf
36 vegf 39 x
36 vegf 42 ii
37 , 39 x
39 x 40 ,
40 , 42 ii
42 ii 43 ,
43 , 44 mmp
44 mmp 48 sox
44 mmp 54 .
45 - 48 sox
46 13 47 and
47 and 48 sox
48 sox 50 9
48 sox 51 were
48 sox 52 performed
48 sox 54 .
49 - 50 9
50 9 51 were
52 performed 53 erespectively

results [:] ( 1 ) compared to the results in the hif - 1alpha+/+ mice groups , the hif - 1alpha - / - mice developed aging related cartilage loss and bony tissue appearance , cartilage defects increased,and cells reduced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
1 results 4 1
1 results 6 compared
3 ( 4 1
4 1 5 )
6 compared 7 to
6 compared 10 in
7 to 9 results
8 the 9 results
10 in 12 hif
11 the 12 hif
12 hif 24 -
13 - 24 -
14 1alpha+/+ 16 groups
15 mice 16 groups
16 groups 23 /
17 , 23 /
18 the 19 hif
19 hif 21 1alpha
19 hif 23 /
20 - 21 1alpha
21 1alpha 22 -
23 / 24 -
24 - 31 and
25 mice 26 developed
26 developed 29 cartilage
27 aging 29 cartilage
28 related 29 cartilage
29 cartilage 30 loss
30 loss 31 and
31 and 34 appearance
31 and 39 cells
32 bony 33 tissue
33 tissue 34 appearance
35 , 39 cells
36 cartilage 37 defects
37 defects 39 cells
38 increased,and 39 cells
39 cells 40 reduced
39 cells 41 .

in hif - 1alpha - [/] - 4 - month mice and 6 - month mice group , the expresion of [col] ii and sox9 decreased , and the expression of col [x] , mmp - 13 and vegf increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hif
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 in 2 hif
3 - 4 1alpha
3 - 9 -
4 1alpha 8 4
5 - 8 4
7 - 8 4
8 4 9 -
9 - 11 mice
9 - 12 and
9 - 17 group
9 - 18 ,
10 month 11 mice
12 and 13 6
12 and 14 -
13 6 14 -
14 - 16 mice
15 month 16 mice
16 mice 17 group
18 , 28 and
19 the 20 expresion
20 expresion 21 of
20 expresion 24 and
21 of 23 ii
24 and 25 sox9
24 and 26 decreased
24 and 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 expression
28 and 31 of
29 the 30 expression
31 of 35 mmp
32 col 35 mmp
34 , 35 mmp
35 mmp 36 -
35 mmp 39 vegf
36 - 39 vegf
37 13 38 and
38 and 39 vegf
39 vegf 40 increased
39 vegf 41 .

( [2] [ )(compared to the physiological saline group , the ossification and defect of knee joint cartilage reduced of mice in the yiqi huayu prescription group , the cartilage cell distribution was more uniform , and the total number of cells increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 ( 4 )(compared
4 )(compared 5 to
4 )(compared 28 ,
4 )(compared 32 distribution
5 to 13 and
6 the 9 group
7 physiological 9 group
8 saline 9 group
9 group 10 ,
10 , 12 ossification
10 , 13 and
11 the 12 ossification
13 and 14 defect
13 and 15 of
13 and 20 of
15 of 18 cartilage
16 knee 18 cartilage
17 joint 18 cartilage
18 cartilage 19 reduced
20 of 21 mice
21 mice 22 in
22 in 27 group
23 the 27 group
24 yiqi 25 huayu
25 huayu 26 prescription
26 prescription 27 group
29 the 32 distribution
30 cartilage 32 distribution
31 cell 32 distribution
32 distribution 33 was
33 was 34 more
33 was 37 and
35 uniform 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 40 number
37 and 41 of
37 and 43 increased
38 the 40 number
39 total 40 number
41 of 42 cells

the expression of type [ii] collagen and sox9 protein increased , expression of [col] x , mmp - 13 and vegf protein decreased of mice in the yiqi huayu prescription group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 7 and
3 of 6 collagen
4 type 6 collagen
7 and 9 protein
7 and 10 increased
7 and 12 expression
7 and 17 mmp
8 sox9 9 protein
11 , 12 expression
12 expression 13 of
12 expression 16 ,
13 of 15 x
16 , 17 mmp
17 mmp 21 vegf
17 mmp 32 .
18 - 21 vegf
19 13 20 and
20 and 21 vegf
21 vegf 22 protein
21 vegf 23 decreased
21 vegf 24 of
21 vegf 26 in
21 vegf 32 .
22 protein 23 decreased
24 of 25 mice
26 in 31 group
27 the 31 group
28 yiqi 29 huayu
29 huayu 30 prescription
30 prescription 31 group

conclusion : the knee cartilage degenerates in the hif - 1alpha cko mice , and the degeneration increased with age adding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 15 and
3 the 6 degenerates
4 knee 5 cartilage
5 cartilage 6 degenerates
6 degenerates 7 in
6 degenerates 15 and
7 in 9 hif
8 the 9 hif
9 hif 13 mice
10 - 13 mice
11 1alpha 13 mice
12 cko 13 mice
13 mice 14 ,
15 and 17 degeneration
16 the 17 degeneration
17 degeneration 18 increased
17 degeneration 21 adding
18 increased 19 with
19 with 20 age

the yiqi huayu prescription can delay the degeneration of knee cartilage of hif - 1alpha cko mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 prescription
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 delay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 1alpha
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 prescription
2 yiqi 3 huayu
3 huayu 4 prescription
4 prescription 5 can
5 can 6 delay
6 delay 8 degeneration
7 the 8 degeneration
8 degeneration 9 of
9 of 11 cartilage
10 knee 11 cartilage
11 cartilage 12 of
12 of 13 hif
14 - 15 1alpha
15 1alpha 17 mice
16 cko 17 mice

this study sought to characterize the elderly and their participation in group educational activities , and to verify the sociodemographic and health factors associated with [non] - participation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 16 and
4 to 16 and
5 characterize 8 and
5 characterize 11 in
5 characterize 16 and
6 the 7 elderly
7 elderly 8 and
8 and 10 participation
9 their 10 participation
11 in 14 activities
12 group 14 activities
13 educational 14 activities
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 to
16 and 18 verify
17 to 18 verify
18 verify 21 and
19 the 21 and
20 sociodemographic 21 and
21 and 22 health
21 and 23 factors
21 and 25 with
23 factors 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
27 - 28 participation

it was a cross [-] sectional survey carried out with 2,142 elderly individuals , using descriptive analysis , student 's [t] - test and logistical regression ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 24 and
3 a 7 survey
4 cross 7 survey
6 sectional 7 survey
7 survey 8 carried
7 survey 9 out
7 survey 24 and
9 out 10 with
10 with 11 2,142
11 2,142 13 individuals
11 2,142 23 test
12 elderly 13 individuals
13 individuals 15 using
13 individuals 23 test
14 , 15 using
15 using 17 analysis
15 using 22 -
16 descriptive 17 analysis
17 analysis 20 's
18 , 20 's
19 student 20 's
20 's 22 -
24 and 26 regression
24 and 28 p<0.05
25 logistical 26 regression
27 ( 28 p<0.05
28 p<0.05 29 )

in both groups , the majority of participants were women , 60 - 70 years of age , married with an income of one minimum salary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
1 in 3 groups
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 majority
2 both 3 groups
5 the 6 majority
6 majority 7 of
6 majority 9 were
7 of 8 participants
9 were 10 women
10 women 15 years
11 , 15 years
12 60 13 -
13 - 14 70
13 - 15 years
15 years 16 of
15 years 27 .
16 of 17 age
17 age 19 married
18 , 19 married
19 married 20 with
19 married 27 .
20 with 22 income
21 an 22 income
22 income 23 of
23 of 26 salary
24 one 26 salary
25 minimum 26 salary

the elderly participants predominately showed 1 - 4 years of education , with [non] [-] participants 4 - 8 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 participants
2 elderly 3 participants
3 participants 5 showed
4 predominately 5 showed
5 showed 9 years
5 showed 19 8
6 1 7 -
7 - 8 4
7 - 9 years
9 years 10 of
10 of 11 education
11 education 13 with
12 , 13 with
13 with 16 participants
13 with 18 -
16 participants 17 4

the morbidities [most] cited by the elderly who participated in educational activities were : hypertension [and] vision problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 morbidities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
1 the 2 morbidities
2 morbidities 4 cited
2 morbidities 8 who
2 morbidities 9 participated
2 morbidities 13 were
4 cited 5 by
5 by 7 elderly
6 the 7 elderly
8 who 9 participated
9 participated 10 in
10 in 12 activities
11 educational 12 activities
14 : 18 problems
14 : 19 .
15 hypertension 18 problems
17 vision 18 problems

[among] [non] - participants , vision and spinal problems prevailed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 prevailed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
3 - 7 and
4 participants 5 ,
5 , 6 vision
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 problems
7 and 10 prevailed
8 spinal 9 problems

in both groups , the greatest percentage was 1 - 3 incapacities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 3 groups
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 percentage
2 both 3 groups
5 the 6 greatest
5 the 7 percentage
7 percentage 8 was
8 was 12 incapacities
9 1 10 -
10 - 11 3
10 - 12 incapacities

the age range of 80 years [and] above was associated with a greater chance of [non] [-] participation in activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 range
2 age 3 range
3 range 4 of
3 range 9 was
4 of 8 above
5 80 6 years
6 years 8 above
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 19 in
11 with 14 chance
12 a 14 chance
13 greater 14 chance
14 chance 15 of
15 of 18 participation
19 in 20 activities

it is necessary to plan actions that favor participation , thereby contributing to monitor their health conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 necessary
3 necessary 4 to
3 necessary 5 plan
4 to 5 plan
5 plan 6 actions
6 actions 7 that
6 actions 8 favor
7 that 8 favor
8 favor 9 participation
9 participation 12 contributing
10 , 12 contributing
11 thereby 12 contributing
12 contributing 13 to
12 contributing 18 .
13 to 14 monitor
14 monitor 17 conditions
15 their 17 conditions
16 health 17 conditions

none [background] : it is known that long - term psychosocial stress [may] [cause] or contribute to different diseases and symptoms and accelerate aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 4 it
3 : 6 known
3 : 9 -
4 it 5 is
5 is 6 known
6 known 8 long
7 that 8 long
9 - 15 or
9 - 25 .
10 term 12 stress
10 term 15 or
11 psychosocial 12 stress
15 or 22 and
16 contribute 17 to
16 contribute 22 and
17 to 20 and
18 different 19 diseases
19 diseases 20 and
20 and 21 symptoms
22 and 23 accelerate
23 accelerate 24 aging

one of the consequences of prolonged psychosocial stress may be a negative effect on the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) and its sulphated metabolite dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate ( dhea - s ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 9 may
2 of 4 consequences
3 the 4 consequences
4 consequences 5 of
5 of 8 stress
6 prolonged 8 stress
7 psychosocial 8 stress
9 may 10 be
10 be 13 effect
11 a 12 negative
11 a 13 effect
12 negative 13 effect
13 effect 14 on
14 on 22 and
15 the 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
16 levels 22 and
17 of 18 dehydroepiandrosterone
18 dehydroepiandrosterone 20 dhea
19 ( 20 dhea
20 dhea 21 )
22 and 27 sulphate
22 and 29 dhea
22 and 31 s
23 its 27 sulphate
24 sulphated 27 sulphate
25 metabolite 27 sulphate
26 dehydroepiandrosterone 27 sulphate
28 ( 29 dhea
29 dhea 30 -
30 - 31 s
31 s 32 )

the aim of this study is to investigate whether levels of dhea and dhea [-] s differ in individuals who report perceived stress at work compared to individuals who report no perceived stress at work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 9 whether
8 investigate 24 at
9 whether 10 levels
9 whether 17 differ
10 levels 11 of
10 levels 17 differ
11 of 14 dhea
12 dhea 13 and
13 and 14 dhea
14 dhea 16 s
17 differ 18 in
18 in 19 individuals
19 individuals 20 who
19 individuals 21 report
20 who 21 report
21 report 23 stress
22 perceived 23 stress
24 at 25 work
25 work 26 compared
26 compared 27 to
26 compared 34 at
27 to 28 individuals
28 individuals 29 who
28 individuals 30 report
29 who 30 report
30 report 33 stress
31 no 33 stress
32 perceived 33 stress
34 at 35 work

methods : morning fasting dhea - s and dhea levels were measured in serum in a [non] [-] stressed group ( n = 40 ) and a stressed group ( n = 41 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 dhea
2 : 6 -
3 morning 4 fasting
4 fasting 5 dhea
6 - 8 and
6 - 11 were
6 - 35 .
7 s 8 and
8 and 10 levels
8 and 11 were
9 dhea 10 levels
11 were 12 measured
12 measured 13 in
13 in 26 and
14 serum 15 in
14 serum 26 and
15 in 20 group
16 a 20 group
19 stressed 20 group
20 group 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 40
23 = 25 )
26 and 29 group
26 and 32 =
27 a 29 group
28 stressed 29 group
30 ( 32 =
31 n 32 =
32 = 33 41
32 = 34 )

dhea and dhea - s levels were compared between the groups using ancova , controlling [for] age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
1 dhea 2 and
2 and 3 dhea
2 and 4 -
2 and 5 s
2 and 6 levels
2 and 7 were
5 s 6 levels
7 were 8 compared
8 compared 9 between
9 between 11 groups
10 the 11 groups
11 groups 12 using
12 using 13 ancova
13 ancova 15 controlling
14 , 15 controlling
15 controlling 17 age
15 controlling 18 .

results : the mean dhea - s levels [were] 23 % lower in the subjects who reported stress at work compared to [the] [non] - stressed [group] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 levels
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 dhea
3 the 5 dhea
4 mean 5 dhea
6 - 7 s
7 s 8 levels
8 levels 11 %
8 levels 12 lower
8 levels 13 in
10 23 11 %
13 in 15 subjects
14 the 15 subjects
15 subjects 16 who
15 subjects 22 to
15 subjects 26 stressed
16 who 18 stress
16 who 21 compared
17 reported 18 stress
18 stress 19 at
18 stress 21 compared
19 at 20 work
21 compared 22 to
25 - 26 stressed
26 stressed 28 .

statistical analysis ( ancova ) showed a significant difference in dhea - s levels between the groups ( p = 0.010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 statistical 2 analysis
2 analysis 4 ancova
2 analysis 6 showed
3 ( 4 ancova
4 ancova 5 )
6 showed 9 difference
6 showed 13 s
6 showed 14 levels
7 a 8 significant
7 a 9 difference
8 significant 9 difference
10 in 11 dhea
10 in 12 -
10 in 13 s
13 s 14 levels
14 levels 15 between
15 between 17 groups
16 the 17 groups
17 groups 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.010
20 = 22 )

there was no difference in dhea level between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 difference
3 no 4 difference
4 difference 5 in
5 in 6 dhea
6 dhea 7 level
7 level 8 between
8 between 10 groups
9 the 10 groups

conclusions : this study indicates that stressed individual [have] markedly lower levels of dhea - s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 indicates
2 : 15 -
2 : 17 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 indicates
5 indicates 6 that
5 indicates 7 stressed
6 that 7 stressed
7 stressed 12 levels
8 individual 12 levels
10 markedly 11 lower
11 lower 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
13 of 14 dhea
15 - 16 s

given the important and beneficial functions of dhea and dhea - s , lower levels of dhea - s may constitute one link between psychosocial stress , ill health and accelerated ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 s
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 constitute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 given 4 and
1 given 18 -
1 given 19 s
2 the 3 important
3 important 4 and
4 and 6 functions
4 and 7 of
5 beneficial 6 functions
7 of 10 dhea
8 dhea 9 and
9 and 10 dhea
10 dhea 12 s
10 dhea 15 levels
11 - 12 s
12 s 13 ,
13 , 15 levels
14 lower 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
15 levels 18 -
16 of 17 dhea
19 s 20 may
20 may 21 constitute
21 constitute 23 link
21 constitute 24 between
22 one 23 link
24 between 30 and
25 psychosocial 26 stress
26 stress 27 ,
27 , 29 health
27 , 30 and
28 ill 29 health
30 and 32 ageing
31 accelerated 32 ageing

aim : the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of interankle systolic blood pressure [difference] ( siand ) and its influencing factors in community population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
2 : 29 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 26 in
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 22 and
11 the 22 and
12 prevalence 13 of
12 prevalence 22 and
13 of 17 pressure
14 interankle 16 blood
15 systolic 16 blood
16 blood 17 pressure
17 pressure 20 siand
19 ( 20 siand
20 siand 21 )
22 and 25 factors
23 its 25 factors
24 influencing 25 factors
26 in 28 population
27 community 28 population

methods : this study included 2849 ( 65.1±9.4 [y] ) subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 6 2849
6 2849 11 subjects
7 ( 11 subjects
8 65.1±9.4 10 )
8 65.1±9.4 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 .

blood pressure ( bps [ )(of four limbs [was] simultaneously measured with 4 electronic sphygmomanometers after 10 min rest in supine position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 blood
1 blood 2 pressure
2 pressure 4 bps
3 ( 4 bps
4 bps 6 )(of
4 bps 23 .
6 )(of 7 four
7 four 8 limbs
7 four 22 position
8 limbs 11 measured
8 limbs 22 position
10 simultaneously 11 measured
11 measured 12 with
11 measured 21 supine
12 with 13 4
13 4 15 sphygmomanometers
13 4 20 in
14 electronic 15 sphygmomanometers
15 sphygmomanometers 16 after
15 sphygmomanometers 19 rest
16 after 18 min
17 10 18 min
19 rest 20 in

the difference of systolic bp ( sbp ) between two ankles was calculated as detasbp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 of
2 difference 9 between
2 difference 12 was
3 of 7 sbp
4 systolic 7 sbp
5 bp 7 sbp
6 ( 7 sbp
7 sbp 8 )
9 between 11 ankles
10 two 11 ankles
12 was 13 calculated
13 calculated 14 as
14 as 15 detasbp

the criterion for abnormal siand was ≥10 [mmhg] of absolute deltasbp , in which the criterion for 1o siand was 10 - 19 mmhg and for 2o siand was ≥20 [mmhg] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criterion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
1 the 2 criterion
2 criterion 3 for
2 criterion 6 was
3 for 5 siand
4 abnormal 5 siand
6 was 7 ≥10
7 ≥10 9 of
7 ≥10 13 in
9 of 11 deltasbp
10 absolute 11 deltasbp
12 , 13 in
13 in 14 which
13 in 16 criterion
13 in 30 ≥20
13 in 32 .
15 the 16 criterion
16 criterion 25 and
16 criterion 29 was
17 for 24 mmhg
17 for 25 and
18 1o 20 was
18 1o 22 -
19 siand 20 was
21 10 22 -
22 - 23 19
23 19 24 mmhg
25 and 26 for
26 for 28 siand
27 2o 28 siand
29 was 30 ≥20

age , gender , smoking , hypertension , family histories [of] hypertension and diabetes were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 gender
2 , 4 ,
4 , 5 smoking
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 hypertension
6 , 8 ,
8 , 12 hypertension
8 , 13 and
9 family 12 hypertension
10 histories 12 hypertension
13 and 14 diabetes
13 and 15 were
15 were 16 recorded

fasting blood glucose and lipids , circumference [of] hip and waist , and body mass index ( bmi ) were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 fasting 2 blood
2 blood 3 glucose
3 glucose 4 and
4 and 5 lipids
4 and 6 ,
6 , 9 hip
6 , 10 and
7 circumference 9 hip
10 and 11 waist
10 and 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 index
13 and 18 bmi
13 and 20 were
14 body 15 mass
15 mass 16 index
17 ( 18 bmi
18 bmi 19 )
20 were 21 measured

results : the sbp was higher in the right ankle than in the left ankle ( 158.9±21.8 vs 157.3±21.6 [mmhg] , p<0.05 ) and mean deltasbp was 6.08±6.26 [mmhg] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 sbp
2 : 5 was
2 : 24 and
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 sbp
4 sbp 5 was
5 was 6 higher
6 higher 7 in
6 higher 11 than
7 in 10 ankle
8 the 10 ankle
9 right 10 ankle
11 than 12 in
12 in 15 ankle
13 the 15 ankle
14 left 15 ankle
15 ankle 17 158.9±21.8
15 ankle 22 p<0.05
16 ( 17 158.9±21.8
17 158.9±21.8 18 vs
17 158.9±21.8 21 ,
18 vs 19 157.3±21.6
21 , 22 p<0.05
22 p<0.05 23 )
24 and 26 deltasbp
24 and 27 was
25 mean 26 deltasbp
26 deltasbp 27 was
27 was 28 6.08±6.26

similar [difference] was found in both genders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 similar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 similar 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 in
5 in 7 genders
6 both 7 genders

the prevalence of [abnormal] [was] 18.5 % , in which , the prevalence 1o siand was 15.3 % and that of 2o siand was 3.1 % [.] 
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 19 and
3 of 7 %
3 of 15 siand
3 of 16 was
6 18.5 7 %
7 % 9 in
8 , 9 in
9 in 10 which
9 in 11 ,
12 the 15 siand
13 prevalence 15 siand
14 1o 15 siand
15 siand 16 was
16 was 18 %
17 15.3 18 %
19 and 20 that
19 and 21 of
19 and 23 siand
21 of 22 2o
23 siand 24 was
24 was 26 %
25 3.1 26 %

multivariate regression analysis showed that age , waist circumference and blood glucose level were the positive factors for deltasbp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 multivariate 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 showed
4 showed 10 and
4 showed 14 were
5 that 6 age
6 age 7 ,
7 , 9 circumference
7 , 10 and
8 waist 9 circumference
10 and 13 level
10 and 14 were
11 blood 13 level
12 glucose 13 level
14 were 17 factors
15 the 17 factors
16 positive 17 factors
17 factors 18 for
18 for 19 deltasbp

the normal upper limit for deltasbp was 16.7 mmhg in this population , the prevalence of siand by≥16 [mmhg] was 5.8 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 limit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 4 limit
2 normal 4 limit
3 upper 4 limit
4 limit 5 for
4 limit 7 was
5 for 6 deltasbp
7 was 9 mmhg
8 16.7 9 mmhg
9 mmhg 10 in
10 in 12 population
11 this 12 population
13 , 15 prevalence
13 , 20 was
14 the 15 prevalence
15 prevalence 16 of
15 prevalence 20 was
16 of 18 by≥16
17 siand 18 by≥16
20 was 22 %
21 5.8 22 %

conclusion : aging , hypertension , obesity and abnormal glucose metabolism are positive factors for [inter] - ankle sbp difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 aging
4 , 5 hypertension
4 , 6 ,
6 , 8 and
6 , 17 -
7 obesity 8 and
8 and 10 glucose
8 and 11 metabolism
8 and 15 for
9 abnormal 10 glucose
11 metabolism 12 are
12 are 14 factors
12 are 15 for
13 positive 14 factors
17 - 20 difference
17 - 21 .
18 ankle 20 difference
19 sbp 20 difference

amyloid - β1 - 42 ( aβ ) peptide effects on human models of central nervous [system] ( cns ) - patrolling macrophages ( ms [ )(and cd4 memory t - cells ( cd4 - tms ) were investigated to examine immune responses to aβ in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 amyloid 2 -
1 amyloid 10 effects
3 β1 5 42
3 β1 9 peptide
4 - 5 42
5 42 7 aβ
5 42 8 )
6 ( 7 aβ
7 aβ 8 )
9 peptide 10 effects
10 effects 11 on
10 effects 38 were
11 on 13 models
12 human 13 models
13 models 14 of
14 of 23 macrophages
15 central 23 macrophages
16 nervous 19 cns
16 nervous 21 -
16 nervous 23 macrophages
18 ( 19 cns
19 cns 20 )
22 patrolling 23 macrophages
23 macrophages 29 memory
24 ( 29 memory
25 ms 27 )(and
27 )(and 28 cd4
28 cd4 29 memory
29 memory 30 t
29 memory 32 cells
29 memory 36 tms
29 memory 37 )
31 - 32 cells
32 cells 34 cd4
32 cells 35 -
33 ( 34 cd4
34 cd4 35 -
35 - 36 tms
36 tms 37 )
38 were 39 investigated
39 investigated 40 to
40 to 41 examine
41 examine 43 responses
41 examine 44 to
41 examine 46 in
42 immune 43 responses
44 to 45 aβ
46 in 49 disease
47 alzheimer 48 's
48 's 49 disease

aβ and lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) elicited similar m [cytokine] and exosomal mrna [(] [ex] - mrna ) responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 elicited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 aβ 2 and
2 and 3 lipopolysaccharide
2 and 5 lps
2 and 7 elicited
4 ( 5 lps
5 lps 6 )
7 elicited 19 responses
8 similar 19 responses
9 m 11 and
11 and 13 mrna
11 and 17 mrna
11 and 19 responses
12 exosomal 13 mrna
16 - 17 mrna
17 mrna 18 )

cd4 - tm generation of il - 2 , il - 4 , and ifn - [γ] and , for young subjects , il - 10 , but not il - 6 , evoked by aβ was significantly lower than with anti - t - cell antigen receptor antibodies ( abs [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cd4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 generation
2 - 7 -
3 tm 4 generation
4 generation 5 of
5 of 6 il
7 - 8 2
7 - 9 ,
9 , 14 and
9 , 18 and
10 il 12 4
10 il 14 and
11 - 12 4
12 4 13 ,
14 and 15 ifn
16 - 18 and
18 and 30 il
19 , 20 for
20 for 22 subjects
20 for 27 ,
20 for 30 il
21 young 22 subjects
22 subjects 24 il
23 , 24 il
24 il 26 10
24 il 27 ,
25 - 26 10
26 10 27 ,
28 but 29 not
28 but 30 il
30 il 32 6
30 il 34 evoked
30 il 37 was
31 - 32 6
32 6 33 ,
33 , 34 evoked
34 evoked 35 by
35 by 36 aβ
37 was 39 lower
37 was 40 than
38 significantly 39 lower
40 than 41 with
41 with 49 antibodies
42 anti 44 t
42 anti 49 antibodies
43 - 44 t
44 t 45 -
46 cell 47 antigen
47 antigen 49 antibodies
48 receptor 49 antibodies
49 antibodies 51 abs
50 ( 51 abs
51 abs 53 )(

abs significantly increased all cd4 - tm [ex] - mrnas , but only il - 2 and il - 6 [ex] - mrnas were increased by aβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 abs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 abs 3 increased
2 significantly 3 increased
3 increased 12 but
4 all 10 mrnas
5 cd4 7 tm
5 cd4 10 mrnas
6 - 7 tm
7 tm 9 -
10 mrnas 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 only
12 but 14 il
15 - 18 il
15 - 19 -
15 - 25 increased
15 - 28 .
16 2 17 and
17 and 18 il
19 - 20 6
19 - 22 -
20 6 22 -
22 - 23 mrnas
23 mrnas 24 were
24 were 25 increased
25 increased 26 by
26 by 27 aβ

there were no significant differences [between] [cytokine] and [ex] - mrna responses of cd4 - tms from the old compared to the young subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
8 and 10 -
8 and 11 mrna
10 - 11 mrna
11 mrna 12 responses
12 responses 13 of
12 responses 21 to
13 of 14 cd4
14 cd4 20 compared
15 - 20 compared
16 tms 17 from
16 tms 20 compared
17 from 19 old
18 the 19 old
21 to 24 subjects
22 the 24 subjects
23 young 24 subjects

m - derived serum exosomes from the old subjects had significantly higher il - 6 and il - 12 [ex] - mrna levels than those from the young subjects , whereas there were no differences for cd4 - tm - derived serum exosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 m
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
1 m 2 -
2 - 5 exosomes
3 derived 5 exosomes
4 serum 5 exosomes
5 exosomes 6 from
5 exosomes 10 had
6 from 9 subjects
7 the 9 subjects
8 old 9 subjects
10 had 23 levels
10 had 24 than
10 had 31 whereas
11 significantly 12 higher
12 higher 23 levels
13 il 17 il
13 il 19 12
13 il 23 levels
14 - 17 il
15 6 16 and
16 and 17 il
17 il 18 -
18 - 19 12
19 12 21 -
22 mrna 23 levels
24 than 25 those
24 than 26 from
26 from 29 subjects
27 the 29 subjects
28 young 29 subjects
30 , 31 whereas
31 whereas 32 there
31 whereas 33 were
31 whereas 44 .
32 there 33 were
33 were 35 differences
34 no 35 differences
35 differences 36 for
36 for 37 cd4
37 cd4 39 tm
38 - 39 tm
39 tm 43 exosomes
39 tm 44 .
40 - 43 exosomes
41 derived 42 serum
42 serum 43 exosomes
43 exosomes 44 .

an aβ level relevant [to] neurodegeneration elicited broad m cytokine and [ex] - mrna responses that were significantly greater in the old subjects , but only narrow and age - independent cd4 - tm responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 cytokine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 an 10 cytokine
2 aβ 10 cytokine
3 level 6 neurodegeneration
4 relevant 6 neurodegeneration
6 neurodegeneration 10 cytokine
7 elicited 8 broad
8 broad 9 m
8 broad 10 cytokine
11 and 13 -
11 and 15 responses
11 and 25 but
14 mrna 15 responses
15 responses 16 that
15 responses 17 were
15 responses 25 but
16 that 17 were
17 were 18 significantly
17 were 19 greater
19 greater 20 in
20 in 22 old
21 the 22 old
23 subjects 25 but
24 , 25 but
25 but 28 and
26 only 27 narrow
27 narrow 28 and
28 and 29 age
29 age 33 -
30 - 33 -
31 independent 32 cd4
32 cd4 33 -
33 - 35 responses
33 - 36 .
34 tm 35 responses

background : the prevalence of sarcopenia varies widely between studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 7 varies
2 : 11 .
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 7 varies
5 of 6 sarcopenia
7 varies 8 widely
7 varies 9 between
9 between 10 studies

the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in a representative sample of persons aged 80 years and older according to the european working group [on] sarcopenia in older people ( ewgsop ) algorithm and the proposed cut - off values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 22 and
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 prevalence
9 the 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 of
10 prevalence 19 aged
11 of 12 sarcopenia
12 sarcopenia 13 in
12 sarcopenia 17 of
13 in 16 sample
14 a 16 sample
15 representative 16 sample
17 of 18 persons
20 80 21 years
21 years 22 and
22 and 23 older
23 older 25 to
23 older 44 off
24 according 25 to
25 to 39 and
26 the 38 algorithm
27 european 38 algorithm
28 working 29 group
29 group 31 sarcopenia
31 sarcopenia 32 in
31 sarcopenia 36 ewgsop
32 in 34 people
33 older 34 people
35 ( 36 ewgsop
36 ewgsop 37 )
36 ewgsop 38 algorithm
38 algorithm 39 and
39 and 42 cut
40 the 42 cut
41 proposed 42 cut
43 - 44 off
44 off 45 values
44 off 46 .

a secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between different individual criteria and low physical performance capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 secondary
1 a 3 aim
2 secondary 3 aim
3 aim 4 was
4 was 5 to
4 was 13 and
5 to 13 and
6 investigate 8 relationship
6 investigate 9 between
6 investigate 13 and
7 the 8 relationship
9 between 12 criteria
10 different 12 criteria
11 individual 12 criteria
13 and 14 low
14 low 17 capacity
15 physical 16 performance
16 performance 17 capacity

methods : baseline data of the prospective belfrail study ( bfc80+ ) were analysed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 14 analysed
2 : 15 .
3 baseline 4 data
4 data 5 of
4 data 13 were
5 of 9 study
6 the 9 study
7 prospective 9 study
8 belfrail 9 study
9 study 11 bfc80+
10 ( 11 bfc80+
11 bfc80+ 12 )
13 were 14 analysed

sarcopenia status was determined according to the ewgsop guidelines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 sarcopenia 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 6 to
5 according 6 to
6 to 9 guidelines
7 the 9 guidelines
8 ewgsop 9 guidelines

the skeletal muscle mass index ( smi ) was assessed according to bioelectrical impedance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 5 index
2 skeletal 3 muscle
3 muscle 5 index
4 mass 5 index
5 index 7 smi
5 index 9 was
6 ( 7 smi
7 smi 8 )
9 was 10 assessed
10 assessed 12 to
11 according 12 to
12 to 14 impedance
13 bioelectrical 14 impedance

muscle strength and muscle performance were evaluated according to grip strength and the modified short physical performance battery ( sppbm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 muscle 2 strength
2 strength 3 and
3 and 5 performance
3 and 6 were
4 muscle 5 performance
6 were 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 9 to
8 according 9 to
9 to 12 and
10 grip 11 strength
11 strength 12 and
12 and 18 battery
12 and 20 sppbm
13 the 18 battery
14 modified 17 performance
15 short 17 performance
16 physical 17 performance
17 performance 18 battery
19 ( 20 sppbm
20 sppbm 21 )

a logistic regression analysis was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 a 2 logistic
1 a 4 analysis
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 performed

results : according to the ewgsop algorithm , 12.5 % of the participants were classified in the sarcopenia group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 to
3 according 4 to
4 to 7 algorithm
5 the 7 algorithm
6 ewgsop 7 algorithm
8 , 10 %
8 , 14 were
9 12.5 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 14 were
11 of 13 participants
12 the 13 participants
14 were 15 classified
15 classified 16 in
16 in 19 group
17 the 19 group
18 sarcopenia 19 group

sixty percent of the female participants had muscle strength values below the cut - [off] and 70 % had low sppbm values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 percent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 sixty 2 percent
2 percent 3 of
2 percent 7 had
3 of 6 participants
4 the 6 participants
5 female 6 participants
7 had 10 values
7 had 11 below
8 muscle 10 values
9 strength 10 values
11 below 13 cut
12 the 13 cut
14 - 16 and
16 and 18 %
16 and 19 had
17 70 18 %
18 % 19 had
19 had 22 values
20 low 22 values
21 sppbm 22 values

in males , these prevalence values were 49.5 % [for] grip strength and 39.7 % for sppb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 males
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 values
4 these 6 values
5 prevalence 6 values
6 values 7 were
7 were 15 %
8 49.5 9 %
8 49.5 13 and
9 % 11 grip
11 grip 12 strength
13 and 14 39.7
13 and 15 %
15 % 16 for
16 for 17 sppb

the logistic regression analysis showed that low sppbm was associated with grip strength ( or : 0.88 , 95 % ci : 0.84 - 0.92 [ )(independent [of] smi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
1 the 4 analysis
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
5 showed 7 low
5 showed 8 sppbm
5 showed 10 associated
8 sppbm 9 was
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 strength
12 grip 13 strength
13 strength 15 or
14 ( 15 or
15 or 16 :
16 : 17 0.88
16 : 22 :
17 0.88 21 ci
18 , 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 22 :
22 : 23 0.84
22 : 24 -
22 : 30 .
24 - 29 smi
25 0.92 29 smi
27 )(independent 29 smi

conclusion : in a population [-] based sample of the very old the prevalence of sarcopenia according to the ewgsop algorithm is similar to the prevalence of sarcopenia with smi as a single criterion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 14 prevalence
2 : 22 is
2 : 35 .
3 in 8 sample
3 in 14 prevalence
4 a 5 population
4 a 8 sample
5 population 7 based
7 based 8 sample
8 sample 9 of
9 of 12 old
10 the 11 very
10 the 12 old
13 the 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 of
14 prevalence 22 is
15 of 17 according
16 sarcopenia 17 according
17 according 18 to
18 to 21 algorithm
19 the 21 algorithm
20 ewgsop 21 algorithm
22 is 23 similar
23 similar 24 to
23 similar 31 as
24 to 26 prevalence
25 the 26 prevalence
26 prevalence 27 of
27 of 28 sarcopenia
28 sarcopenia 29 with
29 with 30 smi
31 as 34 criterion
32 a 33 single
32 a 34 criterion
33 single 34 criterion

a large number of participants with a sufficient smi value showed low muscle strength [and/or] a poor sppbm score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 large
1 a 3 number
2 large 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 5 participants
4 of 5 participants
5 participants 6 with
5 participants 10 value
5 participants 11 showed
5 participants 19 score
6 with 9 smi
7 a 8 sufficient
7 a 9 smi
8 sufficient 9 smi
10 value 11 showed
11 showed 14 strength
11 showed 18 sppbm
12 low 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 strength
16 a 17 poor
16 a 18 sppbm
17 poor 18 sppbm

a low sppbm was associated with grip strength but not with smi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sppbm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 low
1 a 3 sppbm
2 low 3 sppbm
3 sppbm 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 9 but
6 with 8 strength
6 with 9 but
7 grip 8 strength
9 but 10 not
9 but 11 with
11 with 12 smi

background : on 11 january 2009 , taiwan expanded its smoke - free legislation to all indoor public places and workplaces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 on
3 on 5 january
4 11 5 january
5 january 6 2009
7 , 8 taiwan
7 , 9 expanded
7 , 12 -
8 taiwan 9 expanded
9 expanded 11 smoke
10 its 11 smoke
12 - 20 and
13 free 14 legislation
14 legislation 15 to
14 legislation 20 and
15 to 19 places
16 all 19 places
17 indoor 19 places
18 public 19 places
20 and 21 workplaces

this study examined the impact of this policy on secondhand smoke ( shs ) [exposure] in adult [non] [-] smokers , across gender and socioeconomic status groups ( ses ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 impact
3 examined 9 on
3 examined 16 in
4 the 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
6 of 8 policy
7 this 8 policy
9 on 11 smoke
10 secondhand 11 smoke
11 smoke 13 shs
12 ( 13 shs
13 shs 14 )
16 in 20 smokers
17 adult 20 smokers
20 smokers 22 across
21 , 22 across
22 across 24 and
22 across 30 )
23 gender 24 and
24 and 27 groups
24 and 29 ses
25 socioeconomic 26 status
26 status 27 groups
28 ( 29 ses
29 ses 30 )

methods : an annual sample of about 13,000 - 14,000 [non] [-] smokers was drawn from cross [-] sectional nationwide data of taiwan adult tobacco behavior surveys during 2005 - 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 sample
2 : 15 drawn
2 : 32 .
3 an 4 annual
3 an 5 sample
4 annual 5 sample
5 sample 6 of
5 sample 14 was
6 of 13 smokers
7 about 9 -
8 13,000 9 -
9 - 10 14,000
9 - 13 smokers
14 was 15 drawn
15 drawn 16 from
15 drawn 28 during
16 from 21 data
17 cross 21 data
19 sectional 21 data
20 nationwide 21 data
21 data 22 of
22 of 27 surveys
23 taiwan 24 adult
24 adult 25 tobacco
25 tobacco 26 behavior
26 behavior 27 surveys
28 during 30 -
29 2005 30 -
30 - 31 2011

logistic regressions were used to analyse the aggregate data to estimate the association between the 2009 smoke - free legislation and shs exposures in homes and workplaces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
1 logistic 2 regressions
2 regressions 3 were
3 were 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 analyse
5 to 6 analyse
6 analyse 9 data
6 analyse 10 to
7 the 9 data
8 aggregate 9 data
10 to 11 estimate
11 estimate 13 association
11 estimate 14 between
12 the 13 association
14 between 17 smoke
15 the 17 smoke
16 2009 17 smoke
17 smoke 26 and
18 - 26 and
19 free 20 legislation
20 legislation 21 and
21 and 23 exposures
21 and 24 in
21 and 26 and
22 shs 23 exposures
24 in 25 homes
26 and 27 workplaces
26 and 28 .

interaction terms were used to examine the impact of the 2009 smoke - free policy on reducing differences in shs exposure across gender , education and income groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 terms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
1 interaction 2 terms
2 terms 3 were
3 were 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 examine
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 8 impact
7 the 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
9 of 12 smoke
10 the 12 smoke
11 2009 12 smoke
12 smoke 15 policy
13 - 15 policy
14 free 15 policy
15 policy 16 on
15 policy 29 .
16 on 17 reducing
17 reducing 18 differences
17 reducing 19 in
17 reducing 22 across
19 in 21 exposure
20 shs 21 exposure
22 across 26 and
23 gender 24 ,
24 , 25 education
24 , 26 and
26 and 28 groups
27 income 28 groups

results : the 2009 policy reduced the odds of shs exposure in homes in 2009 ( or=0.76 , 95 % ci 0.68 to 0.84 ) and in workplaces ( [year] 2009 : or=0.49 , 95 % ci 0.39 to 0.62 [;] year 2010 : or=0.79 , 95 % ci 0.66 to 0.95 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
2 : 5 policy
2 : 6 reduced
2 : 32 :
2 : 34 ,
3 the 5 policy
4 2009 5 policy
5 policy 6 reduced
6 reduced 8 odds
6 reduced 12 in
6 reduced 26 and
7 the 8 odds
8 odds 9 of
9 of 11 exposure
10 shs 11 exposure
12 in 13 homes
14 in 15 2009
14 in 26 and
15 2009 17 or=0.76
16 ( 17 or=0.76
17 or=0.76 21 ci
17 or=0.76 25 )
18 , 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 23 to
21 ci 25 )
22 0.68 23 to
23 to 24 0.84
26 and 27 in
27 in 28 workplaces
28 workplaces 31 2009
29 ( 31 2009
31 2009 32 :
32 : 33 or=0.49
34 , 37 ci
34 , 44 :
35 95 37 ci
36 % 37 ci
37 ci 39 to
37 ci 44 :
38 0.39 39 to
39 to 40 0.62
40 0.62 42 year
42 year 43 2010
44 : 45 or=0.79
45 or=0.79 49 ci
46 , 49 ci
47 95 49 ci
48 % 49 ci
49 ci 51 to
49 ci 53 )
50 0.66 51 to
51 to 52 0.95

the model with interaction terms showed that men were more likely than women to be exposed to workplace shs ( or=2.02 , 95 % ci 1.80 to 2.27 ) but were less likely to be exposed to home shs ( or=0.79 , 95 % ci 0.73 to 0.86 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 model
2 model 3 with
2 model 6 showed
3 with 5 terms
4 interaction 5 terms
6 showed 7 that
7 that 8 men
7 that 9 were
8 men 9 were
9 were 10 more
9 were 11 likely
11 likely 12 than
11 likely 14 to
12 than 13 women
14 to 30 but
15 be 16 exposed
15 be 30 but
16 exposed 17 to
17 to 19 shs
18 workplace 19 shs
19 shs 21 or=2.02
19 shs 25 ci
20 ( 21 or=2.02
21 or=2.02 22 ,
22 , 25 ci
23 95 25 ci
24 % 25 ci
25 ci 27 to
25 ci 29 )
26 1.80 27 to
27 to 28 2.27
30 but 31 were
31 were 33 likely
32 less 33 likely
33 likely 34 to
33 likely 37 to
34 to 35 be
35 be 36 exposed
37 to 38 home
38 home 39 shs
39 shs 41 or=0.79
39 shs 45 ci
40 ( 41 or=0.79
41 or=0.79 42 ,
42 , 45 ci
43 95 45 ci
44 % 45 ci
45 ci 47 to
45 ci 49 )
46 0.73 47 to
47 to 48 0.86

shs exposure in homes was significantly related to lower socioeconomic status , but the 2009 smoke - free policy reduced the difference in shs exposure across education levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 shs 2 exposure
2 exposure 3 in
2 exposure 5 was
3 in 4 homes
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 related
7 related 8 to
8 to 11 status
9 lower 11 status
10 socioeconomic 11 status
11 status 13 but
12 , 13 but
13 but 16 smoke
13 but 17 -
14 the 16 smoke
15 2009 16 smoke
17 - 19 policy
17 - 20 reduced
17 - 29 .
18 free 19 policy
19 policy 20 reduced
20 reduced 22 difference
20 reduced 23 in
20 reduced 26 across
21 the 22 difference
23 in 25 exposure
24 shs 25 exposure
26 across 28 levels
27 education 28 levels

conclusions : the 2009 smoke - free policy reduced the shs exposure for [non] [-] smokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 smoke
2 : 6 -
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 2009
4 2009 5 smoke
6 - 8 policy
6 - 9 reduced
7 free 8 policy
8 policy 9 reduced
9 reduced 12 exposure
9 reduced 13 for
10 the 12 exposure
11 shs 12 exposure
13 for 16 smokers

however , this impact on home shs did not persist after 2009 , and the effect of protection was unequal across gender and ses groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 persist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 impact
3 this 4 impact
4 impact 5 on
4 impact 8 did
5 on 7 shs
6 home 7 shs
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 persist
10 persist 11 after
11 after 12 2009
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 effect
14 and 19 was
15 the 16 effect
16 effect 17 of
16 effect 19 was
17 of 18 protection
19 was 20 unequal
20 unequal 21 across
21 across 23 and
22 gender 23 and
23 and 25 groups
24 ses 25 groups

thus , further enforcement of smoking restrictions would be needed to reduce the risk of shs exposure and improve protection against shs risk among parts of the population with lower socioeconomic status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 enforcement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 enforcement
3 further 4 enforcement
4 enforcement 5 of
4 enforcement 8 would
5 of 6 smoking
6 smoking 7 restrictions
8 would 9 be
9 be 10 needed
10 needed 11 to
11 to 18 and
12 reduce 14 risk
12 reduce 18 and
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 17 exposure
16 shs 17 exposure
18 and 19 improve
18 and 21 against
18 and 23 risk
19 improve 20 protection
21 against 22 shs
23 risk 24 among
23 risk 26 of
24 among 25 parts
26 of 28 population
27 the 28 population
28 population 29 with
29 with 32 status
30 lower 32 status
31 socioeconomic 32 status

objective : to examine the efficacy of cognitive speed of processing training ( sopt ) among individuals with parkinson disease ( pd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 24 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 efficacy
5 the 6 efficacy
6 efficacy 7 of
6 efficacy 10 of
7 of 9 speed
8 cognitive 9 speed
10 of 11 processing
11 processing 12 training
11 processing 16 among
11 processing 18 with
12 training 14 sopt
13 ( 14 sopt
14 sopt 15 )
16 among 17 individuals
18 with 20 disease
19 parkinson 20 disease
20 disease 22 pd
21 ( 22 pd
22 pd 23 )

moderators of sopt were also examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 moderators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 moderators 2 of
1 moderators 4 were
2 of 3 sopt
4 were 6 examined
5 also 6 examined

participants were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of training ( or an equivalent delay ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 assessed
3 assessed 6 and
4 at 5 baseline
4 at 6 and
6 and 7 after
7 after 9 months
8 3 9 months
9 months 10 of
10 of 13 or
11 training 13 or
12 ( 13 or
13 or 16 delay
13 or 17 )
14 an 15 equivalent
14 an 16 delay
15 equivalent 16 delay

the primary outcome measure [was] useful field of view [test] ( ufov [ )(performance , and secondary outcomes included cognitive self - perceptions and depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 7 field
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 measure
4 measure 7 field
6 useful 7 field
7 field 8 of
7 field 16 and
8 of 9 view
9 view 14 )(performance
11 ( 14 )(performance
12 ufov 14 )(performance
14 )(performance 15 ,
16 and 21 self
17 secondary 18 outcomes
18 outcomes 19 included
19 included 21 self
20 cognitive 21 self
22 - 24 and
23 perceptions 24 and
24 and 26 symptoms
25 depressive 26 symptoms

results : results indicated that participants randomized to sopt experienced significantly greater improvements on ufov performance relative to controls , wilks λ [=] 0.938 , f 1,72 = 4.79 , p = 0.032 , partial η ( 2 ) = 0.062 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 results
2 : 40 =
2 : 42 .
3 results 4 indicated
3 results 5 that
3 results 10 experienced
3 results 40 =
5 that 6 participants
5 that 10 experienced
6 participants 7 randomized
6 participants 10 experienced
7 randomized 8 to
8 to 9 sopt
10 experienced 13 improvements
10 experienced 14 on
10 experienced 32 =
11 significantly 12 greater
12 greater 13 improvements
14 on 16 performance
15 ufov 16 performance
16 performance 17 relative
16 performance 28 =
17 relative 18 to
18 to 19 controls
19 controls 22 λ
20 , 22 λ
21 wilks 22 λ
22 λ 24 0.938
22 λ 25 ,
26 f 28 =
27 1,72 28 =
28 = 29 4.79
30 , 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.032
33 0.032 36 η
34 , 36 η
35 partial 36 η
36 η 38 2
36 η 39 )
37 ( 38 2
38 2 39 )
40 = 41 0.062

findings indicated no significant effect of training on secondary outcomes , wilks λ = 0.987 , f2,70 < 1 , p = 0.637 , partial η ( 2 ) = 0.013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 findings 2 indicated
2 indicated 5 effect
2 indicated 8 on
3 no 5 effect
4 significant 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 training
8 on 10 outcomes
9 secondary 10 outcomes
11 , 12 wilks
11 , 13 λ
11 , 16 ,
12 wilks 13 λ
13 λ 15 0.987
14 = 15 0.987
16 , 17 f2,70
16 , 18 <
16 , 24 ,
17 f2,70 18 <
18 < 19 1
19 1 22 =
20 , 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.637
24 , 26 η
24 , 30 =
25 partial 26 η
26 η 28 2
26 η 30 =
27 ( 28 2
28 2 29 )
30 = 31 0.013

conclusions : patients with mild [to] moderate stage pd can [self] - administer sopt and improve their cognitive speed of processing , as indexed by ufov ( a robust predictor of driving performance in aging and pd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 10 can
2 : 12 -
2 : 39 .
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 10 can
4 with 9 pd
5 mild 8 stage
7 moderate 8 stage
8 stage 9 pd
12 - 15 and
13 administer 14 sopt
13 administer 15 and
15 and 16 improve
16 improve 19 speed
16 improve 25 by
17 their 19 speed
18 cognitive 19 speed
19 speed 20 of
19 speed 24 indexed
20 of 21 processing
22 , 24 indexed
23 as 24 indexed
25 by 26 ufov
26 ufov 36 and
27 ( 36 and
28 a 30 predictor
29 robust 30 predictor
30 predictor 31 of
30 predictor 35 aging
30 predictor 36 and
31 of 32 driving
32 driving 33 performance
32 driving 34 in
36 and 37 pd
36 and 38 )

further research should establish if persons with pd experience longitudinal benefits of such training [and] if improvements translate to benefits in functional activities such as driving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 establish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 establish
4 establish 5 if
4 establish 16 if
5 if 6 persons
5 if 9 experience
6 persons 7 with
6 persons 9 experience
7 with 8 pd
9 experience 11 benefits
10 longitudinal 11 benefits
11 benefits 12 of
12 of 14 training
13 such 14 training
16 if 17 improvements
16 if 18 translate
17 improvements 18 translate
18 translate 19 to
18 translate 21 in
19 to 20 benefits
21 in 23 activities
22 functional 23 activities
23 activities 25 as
24 such 25 as
25 as 26 driving

classification of evidence : this study provides class iii evidence that sopt improves ufov performance among persons in the mild to moderate stages of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 classification 2 of
2 of 3 evidence
4 : 6 study
4 : 7 provides
4 : 26 .
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 provides
7 provides 10 evidence
8 class 9 iii
8 class 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 that
11 that 12 sopt
11 that 13 improves
12 sopt 13 improves
13 improves 15 performance
13 improves 16 among
13 improves 18 in
13 improves 21 to
14 ufov 15 performance
16 among 17 persons
18 in 20 mild
19 the 20 mild
21 to 22 moderate
22 moderate 23 stages
23 stages 24 of
24 of 25 pd

the sirtuins are a family of highly conserved nad [(] [+] [ )(- dependent lysine deacylases with important roles in metabolic regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 )(-
1 the 2 sirtuins
2 sirtuins 3 are
3 are 5 family
4 a 5 family
5 family 6 of
6 of 9 nad
7 highly 8 conserved
8 conserved 9 nad
13 )(- 15 lysine
13 )(- 16 deacylases
13 )(- 23 .
14 dependent 15 lysine
15 lysine 16 deacylases
16 deacylases 17 with
16 deacylases 20 in
17 with 19 roles
18 important 19 roles
20 in 22 regulation
21 metabolic 22 regulation

of the seven mammalian sirtuins , three localize to the mitochondria : sirt3 , sirt4 , and sirt5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 localize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 of 5 sirtuins
1 of 6 ,
1 of 7 three
2 the 3 seven
3 seven 5 sirtuins
4 mammalian 5 sirtuins
7 three 8 localize
8 localize 9 to
9 to 11 mitochondria
10 the 11 mitochondria
12 : 17 and
12 : 19 .
13 sirt3 14 ,
14 , 15 sirt4
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 sirt5

mitochondrial sirtuins are crucial regulators of the metabolic network that controls energy homeostasis and impacts cancer , obesity , diabetes , mitochondrial diseases , metabolic disorders , and many other human diseases of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 mitochondrial 2 sirtuins
2 sirtuins 3 are
3 are 5 regulators
4 crucial 5 regulators
5 regulators 6 of
5 regulators 10 that
5 regulators 14 and
6 of 9 network
7 the 9 network
8 metabolic 9 network
10 that 14 and
11 controls 13 homeostasis
11 controls 14 and
12 energy 13 homeostasis
14 and 15 impacts
15 impacts 28 and
16 cancer 17 ,
17 , 18 obesity
17 , 19 ,
19 , 20 diabetes
19 , 21 ,
21 , 23 diseases
21 , 24 ,
22 mitochondrial 23 diseases
24 , 26 disorders
24 , 28 and
25 metabolic 26 disorders
27 , 28 and
28 and 32 diseases
28 and 33 of
29 many 30 other
30 other 32 diseases
31 human 32 diseases
33 of 34 aging

to best study the mitochondrial function of the sirtuins , we have employed an oxygen flux analyzer as a tool to track and record the extracellular oxygen consumption rate and acidification rate that reflects mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis , respectfully . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 to 3 study
2 best 3 study
3 study 6 function
4 the 6 function
5 mitochondrial 6 function
6 function 7 of
7 of 9 sirtuins
8 the 9 sirtuins
10 , 11 we
10 , 23 and
11 we 23 and
12 have 13 employed
12 have 23 and
13 employed 16 flux
14 an 15 oxygen
14 an 16 flux
15 oxygen 16 flux
16 flux 17 analyzer
17 analyzer 18 as
17 analyzer 21 to
17 analyzer 22 track
18 as 20 tool
19 a 20 tool
21 to 22 track
23 and 24 record
24 record 37 and
24 record 40 respectfully
25 the 29 rate
26 extracellular 29 rate
27 oxygen 28 consumption
28 consumption 29 rate
29 rate 30 and
30 and 32 rate
30 and 33 that
30 and 34 reflects
30 and 37 and
31 acidification 32 rate
33 that 34 reflects
34 reflects 36 respiration
35 mitochondrial 36 respiration
37 and 38 glycolysis
37 and 39 ,

here we described the methods using this assay to study the substrate utilization and mitochondrial function in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line , huh7 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 described
3 described 5 methods
3 described 6 using
4 the 5 methods
6 using 8 assay
6 using 9 to
6 using 10 study
7 this 8 assay
9 to 10 study
10 study 14 and
10 study 17 in
11 the 14 and
12 substrate 13 utilization
13 utilization 14 and
14 and 16 function
15 mitochondrial 16 function
17 in 23 line
18 a 23 line
19 human 21 carcinoma
20 hepatocellular 21 carcinoma
21 carcinoma 23 line
22 cell 23 line
24 , 25 huh7

additionally , we have generated a stable sirt4 knocked - down huh7 cell line . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 generated
5 generated 8 sirt4
6 a 7 stable
6 a 8 sirt4
7 stable 8 sirt4
8 sirt4 9 knocked
10 - 14 line
10 - 15 .
11 down 14 line
12 huh7 14 line
13 cell 14 line

with this cell line , we evaluated how the absence of sirt4 affects mitochondrial function [,] glucose utilization , glutamine oxidation , and fatty acid oxidation in these cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 with 4 line
1 with 5 ,
1 with 6 we
2 this 4 line
3 cell 4 line
6 we 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 how
7 evaluated 27 in
8 how 10 absence
8 how 13 affects
9 the 10 absence
10 absence 11 of
10 absence 13 affects
11 of 12 sirt4
13 affects 23 and
14 mitochondrial 15 function
15 function 18 utilization
17 glucose 18 utilization
18 utilization 19 ,
19 , 21 oxidation
19 , 23 and
20 glutamine 21 oxidation
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 oxidation
24 fatty 26 oxidation
25 acid 26 oxidation
27 in 29 cells
28 these 29 cells

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad [(] [+] [ )( (plays a critical role in regulating numerous biological and physiological pathways including metabolism , inflammation , cancer , and aging in mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dinucleotide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 (plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 nicotinamide 2 adenine
2 adenine 3 dinucleotide
3 dinucleotide 5 nad
3 dinucleotide 10 (plays
4 ( 5 nad
5 nad 9 )(
10 (plays 28 and
11 a 13 role
12 critical 13 role
13 role 14 in
13 role 21 including
13 role 28 and
14 in 15 regulating
15 regulating 20 pathways
16 numerous 20 pathways
17 biological 18 and
18 and 19 physiological
18 and 20 pathways
21 including 22 metabolism
22 metabolism 24 inflammation
22 metabolism 26 cancer
23 , 24 inflammation
24 inflammation 25 ,
25 , 26 cancer
26 cancer 27 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 aging
28 and 30 in
30 in 31 mammals

here we describe a highly quantitative method with reverse - phase high - performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) for the determination of nad ( [+] [ )(levels in cells and tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describe
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 describe
3 describe 7 method
4 a 5 highly
4 a 7 method
5 highly 6 quantitative
6 quantitative 7 method
7 method 8 with
7 method 20 for
7 method 23 of
8 with 9 reverse
9 reverse 16 chromatography
10 - 16 chromatography
11 phase 15 liquid
12 high 13 -
12 high 14 performance
14 performance 15 liquid
15 liquid 16 chromatography
16 chromatography 18 hplc
16 chromatography 19 )
17 ( 18 hplc
18 hplc 19 )
20 for 22 determination
21 the 22 determination
23 of 24 nad
24 nad 31 and
25 ( 31 and
28 )(levels 29 in
28 )(levels 31 and
29 in 30 cells
31 and 32 tissues
31 and 33 .

this methodology provides accurate , reliable , and reproducible results of nad [(] [+] ) measurement , which enables us to analyze various pathophysiological changes in nad [(] [+] [ )(levels in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 methodology
2 methodology 3 provides
3 provides 16 measurement
4 accurate 10 results
4 accurate 16 measurement
5 , 10 results
6 reliable 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 reproducible
8 and 10 results
10 results 11 of
10 results 15 )
11 of 12 nad
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 enables
18 which 19 enables
19 enables 20 us
19 enables 21 to
19 enables 22 analyze
21 to 22 analyze
22 analyze 25 changes
22 analyze 26 in
22 analyze 34 and
23 various 25 changes
24 pathophysiological 25 changes
26 in 31 )(levels
27 nad 31 )(levels
32 in 33 vitro
33 vitro 34 and
34 and 36 vivo
35 in 36 vivo

sirtuins are a class of enzymes with important functions in regulation aging , metabolism , and genome stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 sirtuins 2 are
2 are 16 and
2 are 18 stability
3 a 4 class
4 class 5 of
4 class 13 ,
5 of 6 enzymes
6 enzymes 7 with
7 with 9 functions
8 important 9 functions
9 functions 10 in
10 in 11 regulation
11 regulation 12 aging
13 , 14 metabolism
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 genome

they were originally known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad ) - dependent protein lysine deacetylases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 they 2 were
2 were 4 known
3 originally 4 known
4 known 5 as
5 as 8 dinucleotide
6 nicotinamide 8 dinucleotide
7 adenine 8 dinucleotide
8 dinucleotide 10 nad
9 ( 10 nad
10 nad 11 )
12 - 15 lysine
12 - 16 deacetylases
12 - 17 .
13 dependent 14 protein
14 protein 15 lysine
15 lysine 16 deacetylases

however , recently it has been discovered that certain sirtuins with weak deacetylase activity also hydrolyze novel acyl lysine modifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 it
3 recently 4 it
4 it 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 discovered
7 discovered 8 that
8 that 10 sirtuins
8 that 16 hydrolyze
9 certain 10 sirtuins
10 sirtuins 11 with
10 sirtuins 16 hydrolyze
11 with 14 activity
12 weak 13 deacetylase
13 deacetylase 14 activity
15 also 16 hydrolyze
16 hydrolyze 20 modifications
17 novel 18 acyl
18 acyl 20 modifications
19 lysine 20 modifications

these findings indicate that other sirtuins with weak deacetylase activity may also possess novel activities on unknown protein posttranslational modifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 sirtuins
4 that 13 possess
5 other 6 sirtuins
6 sirtuins 7 with
6 sirtuins 11 may
7 with 10 activity
8 weak 9 deacetylase
9 deacetylase 10 activity
11 may 13 possess
12 also 13 possess
13 possess 15 activities
13 possess 16 on
14 novel 15 activities
16 on 20 modifications
17 unknown 18 protein
18 protein 20 modifications
19 posttranslational 20 modifications

analytical methods that can help to identify new activity of sirtuins and new acyl lysine modifications are thus needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 analytical 2 methods
2 methods 3 that
2 methods 4 can
2 methods 5 help
3 that 4 can
5 help 6 to
5 help 19 needed
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 9 activity
8 new 9 activity
9 activity 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 sirtuins 12 and
12 and 14 acyl
13 new 14 acyl
15 lysine 16 modifications
16 modifications 17 are
17 are 19 needed
18 thus 19 needed

here we describe a sensitive method that uses ( 32 [ ] - labeled nad and thin - layer chromatography to detect sirtuin - catalyzed deacylation reactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 reactions
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 describe
3 describe 6 method
4 a 5 sensitive
4 a 6 method
5 sensitive 6 method
6 method 7 that
6 method 13 -
7 that 8 uses
7 that 13 -
8 uses 10 32
8 uses 13 -
9 ( 10 32
10 32 12 ]
13 - 15 nad
13 - 26 deacylation
14 labeled 15 nad
15 nad 25 catalyzed
16 and 19 layer
16 and 23 sirtuin
16 and 25 catalyzed
17 thin 19 layer
18 - 19 layer
19 layer 20 chromatography
19 layer 21 to
19 layer 23 sirtuin
20 chromatography 21 to
21 to 22 detect
24 - 25 catalyzed

this method can help to discover new acyl lysine modifications that can be removed by novel sirtuin activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 method
2 method 3 can
3 can 4 help
4 help 5 to
5 to 6 discover
6 discover 10 modifications
6 discover 15 by
7 new 8 acyl
8 acyl 9 lysine
9 lysine 10 modifications
10 modifications 11 that
10 modifications 12 can
11 that 12 can
12 can 13 be
13 be 14 removed
15 by 18 activities
16 novel 17 sirtuin
17 sirtuin 18 activities

improved sample preparation techniques and increasingly sensitive mass spectrometry [(] [ms] ) analysis have revolutionized the study of protein post - translational modifications ( ptms ) ( rush et al . , nat biotechnol 23:94 - 101 , 2005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 revolutionized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 improved 2 sample
2 sample 4 techniques
3 preparation 4 techniques
4 techniques 5 and
5 and 13 analysis
5 and 14 have
6 increasingly 7 sensitive
7 sensitive 8 mass
8 mass 13 analysis
9 spectrometry 12 )
9 spectrometry 13 analysis
14 have 15 revolutionized
15 revolutionized 17 study
16 the 17 study
17 study 18 of
18 of 20 post
19 protein 20 post
20 post 23 modifications
20 post 30 al
21 - 23 modifications
22 translational 23 modifications
23 modifications 25 ptms
23 modifications 26 )
24 ( 25 ptms
25 ptms 26 )
27 ( 30 al
28 rush 30 al
29 et 30 al
30 al 31 .
30 al 34 biotechnol
30 al 39 2005
30 al 40 )
32 , 34 biotechnol
33 nat 34 biotechnol
34 biotechnol 36 -
34 biotechnol 38 ,
35 23:94 36 -
36 - 37 101
38 , 39 2005
39 2005 40 )

here , we describe a general approach for immunopurification and [ms] [-] based identification of acetylated proteins in biological samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 10 and
4 describe 7 approach
4 describe 10 and
5 a 6 general
5 a 7 approach
6 general 7 approach
7 approach 8 for
8 for 9 immunopurification
10 and 13 based
13 based 14 identification
13 based 18 in
14 identification 15 of
15 of 17 proteins
16 acetylated 17 proteins
18 in 20 samples
19 biological 20 samples

this approach is useful to characterize changes in the acetylome in response to biological interventions ( schwer et al . , aging cell 8:604 - 606 , 2009 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 approach
2 approach 3 is
3 is 4 useful
4 useful 5 to
4 useful 8 in
4 useful 13 to
5 to 6 characterize
6 characterize 7 changes
8 in 10 acetylome
9 the 10 acetylome
11 in 12 response
12 response 13 to
13 to 15 interventions
14 biological 15 interventions
15 interventions 19 al
15 interventions 25 -
15 interventions 28 2009
16 ( 19 al
17 schwer 19 al
18 et 19 al
19 al 20 .
19 al 21 ,
21 , 25 -
22 aging 23 cell
23 cell 24 8:604
24 8:604 25 -
25 - 26 606
25 - 27 ,
27 , 28 2009
28 2009 29 )

the sirtuins are a family of nad ( [+] [ )( dependent deacylases with important effects on aging , cancer , and metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 sirtuins
2 sirtuins 3 are
3 are 5 family
4 a 5 family
5 family 6 of
5 family 13 deacylases
6 of 7 nad
8 ( 13 deacylases
12 dependent 13 deacylases
13 deacylases 14 with
13 deacylases 17 on
13 deacylases 19 ,
14 with 16 effects
15 important 16 effects
17 on 18 aging
19 , 22 and
20 cancer 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 metabolism

sirtuins exert their biological effects by catalyzing deacetylation and/or deacylation reactions in which acyl groups are removed from lysine residues of specific proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 removed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 sirtuins 2 exert
2 exert 5 effects
2 exert 6 by
2 exert 9 and/or
3 their 5 effects
4 biological 5 effects
6 by 7 catalyzing
7 catalyzing 8 deacetylation
9 and/or 11 reactions
10 deacylation 11 reactions
11 reactions 12 in
11 reactions 16 are
12 in 13 which
12 in 14 acyl
12 in 15 groups
14 acyl 15 groups
16 are 17 removed
17 removed 18 from
18 from 20 residues
19 lysine 20 residues
20 residues 21 of
21 of 23 proteins
22 specific 23 proteins

a current challenge is to identify specific sirtuin target proteins against the high background of acetylated proteins recently identified by proteomic surveys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 current
1 a 3 challenge
2 current 3 challenge
3 challenge 4 is
4 is 5 to
4 is 19 identified
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 10 proteins
6 identify 11 against
7 specific 8 sirtuin
8 sirtuin 9 target
9 target 10 proteins
11 against 14 background
12 the 14 background
13 high 14 background
14 background 15 of
15 of 17 proteins
16 acetylated 17 proteins
18 recently 19 identified
19 identified 20 by
20 by 22 surveys
21 proteomic 22 surveys

new evidence indicates that bona fide sirtuin substrate proteins form stable physical associations with their sirtuin regulator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 new 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 indicates
3 indicates 4 that
4 that 9 proteins
4 that 10 form
5 bona 6 fide
6 fide 7 sirtuin
7 sirtuin 9 proteins
8 substrate 9 proteins
9 proteins 10 form
10 form 13 associations
10 form 14 with
11 stable 13 associations
12 physical 13 associations
14 with 17 regulator
15 their 17 regulator
16 sirtuin 17 regulator

therefore , identification of sirtuin interacting proteins could be a useful aid in focusing the search for substrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 identification
3 identification 4 of
3 identification 8 could
4 of 7 proteins
5 sirtuin 6 interacting
6 interacting 7 proteins
8 could 9 be
9 be 12 aid
10 a 12 aid
11 useful 12 aid
12 aid 13 in
13 in 14 focusing
14 focusing 16 search
15 the 16 search
16 search 17 for
17 for 18 substrates

described here is a method for identifying sirtuin protein interactors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 described 2 here
1 described 3 is
3 is 5 method
4 a 5 method
5 method 6 for
6 for 7 identifying
7 identifying 10 interactors
8 sirtuin 10 interactors
9 protein 10 interactors

employing basic techniques of molecular cloning and immunochemistry , the method describes the generation of mammalian sirtuin protein expression plasmids and their use to overexpress and [immunoprecipitate] sirtuins with their interacting partners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 employing 7 and
1 employing 9 ,
1 employing 11 method
2 basic 3 techniques
3 techniques 4 of
3 techniques 7 and
4 of 6 cloning
5 molecular 6 cloning
7 and 8 immunochemistry
10 the 11 method
11 method 12 describes
12 describes 26 and
12 describes 29 with
13 the 14 generation
14 generation 15 of
14 generation 26 and
15 of 21 and
16 mammalian 17 sirtuin
17 sirtuin 20 plasmids
18 protein 19 expression
19 expression 20 plasmids
20 plasmids 21 and
21 and 23 use
21 and 24 to
21 and 25 overexpress
22 their 23 use
24 to 25 overexpress
26 and 28 sirtuins
29 with 32 partners
30 their 32 partners
31 interacting 32 partners

also described is the use of the database for annotation , visualization , and integrated discovery for interpreting the sirtuin protein - interaction data obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 also 2 described
2 described 3 is
3 is 5 use
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
5 use 9 for
6 of 8 database
7 the 8 database
9 for 14 and
10 annotation 11 ,
11 , 12 visualization
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 discovery
14 and 17 for
15 integrated 16 discovery
17 for 18 interpreting
18 interpreting 21 protein
19 the 21 protein
20 sirtuin 21 protein
22 - 24 data
23 interaction 24 data
24 data 25 obtained

the nematode caenorhabditis elegans ( [c] [.] elegans ) has four sir2 paralogs , sir - 2.1 , sir - 2.2 , sir [-] 2.3 , and sir - 2.4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nematode
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 nematode
2 nematode 3 caenorhabditis
2 nematode 4 elegans
2 nematode 8 elegans
2 nematode 10 has
3 caenorhabditis 4 elegans
5 ( 8 elegans
8 elegans 9 )
10 has 13 paralogs
11 four 13 paralogs
12 sir2 13 paralogs
14 , 15 sir
14 , 16 -
16 - 17 2.1
16 - 18 ,
18 , 19 sir
18 , 20 -
20 - 21 2.2
20 - 22 ,
22 , 27 and
22 , 29 -
23 sir 25 2.3
23 sir 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 sir
29 - 30 2.4

thus far , most of the research tools to study worm sirtuins have been developed for sir [-] 2.1 , due to its homology to yeast sir2 and human sirt1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tools
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 thus 2 far
2 far 3 ,
2 far 8 tools
4 most 5 of
4 most 8 tools
5 of 8 tools
6 the 8 tools
7 research 8 tools
8 tools 9 to
8 tools 13 have
9 to 12 sirtuins
10 study 11 worm
11 worm 12 sirtuins
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 developed
15 developed 16 for
16 for 17 sir
17 sir 19 2.1
20 , 30 sirt1
21 due 22 to
21 due 28 and
22 to 24 homology
23 its 24 homology
24 homology 25 to
25 to 27 sir2
26 yeast 27 sir2
28 and 29 human
28 and 30 sirt1

here , we have compiled a listing of the currently available strains ( including both [loss] - of [-] function alleles and transgenics ) , antibodies , and rnai constructs relevant to studies on [all] c . elegans sirtuin family members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compiled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 compiled
5 compiled 28 and
6 a 7 listing
7 listing 8 of
7 listing 18 of
7 listing 28 and
8 of 12 strains
9 the 12 strains
10 currently 11 available
11 available 12 strains
12 strains 14 including
13 ( 14 including
14 including 15 both
14 including 17 -
18 of 22 and
20 function 21 alleles
21 alleles 22 and
22 and 23 transgenics
22 and 24 )
22 and 26 antibodies
25 , 26 antibodies
26 antibodies 27 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 constructs
28 and 31 relevant
29 rnai 30 constructs
31 relevant 32 to
31 relevant 34 on
32 to 33 studies
34 on 36 c
37 . 41 members
37 . 42 .
38 elegans 41 members
39 sirtuin 40 family
40 family 41 members

we also describe the methods used in the analysis of c . elegans sirtuin function , including life span analysis , various stress - resistance assays , and fat content analysis and provide an overview of all phenotypic data relevant to c . elegans sir - 2.1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 we 3 describe
2 also 3 describe
3 describe 5 methods
3 describe 7 in
4 the 5 methods
5 methods 6 used
7 in 9 analysis
8 the 9 analysis
9 analysis 10 of
10 of 11 c
12 . 15 function
12 . 16 ,
13 elegans 14 sirtuin
14 sirtuin 15 function
16 , 28 and
16 , 32 and
17 including 20 analysis
17 including 24 -
17 including 28 and
18 life 20 analysis
19 span 20 analysis
20 analysis 23 stress
21 , 23 stress
22 various 23 stress
23 stress 24 -
25 resistance 26 assays
26 assays 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 fat
28 and 32 and
30 content 31 analysis
30 content 32 and
32 and 33 provide
33 provide 35 overview
34 an 35 overview
35 overview 36 of
35 overview 40 relevant
36 of 39 data
37 all 39 data
38 phenotypic 39 data
40 relevant 41 to
41 to 42 c
43 . 45 sir
43 . 46 -
44 elegans 45 sir
46 - 47 2.1
46 - 48 .

background and aims : studies examining predictors of survival among the oldest - old have primarily focused on objective measures , [such] as physical function and health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
3 aims 4 :
4 : 5 studies
5 studies 6 examining
6 examining 7 predictors
6 examining 17 focused
7 predictors 8 of
7 predictors 10 among
7 predictors 15 have
8 of 9 survival
10 among 14 old
11 the 12 oldest
11 the 14 old
12 oldest 13 -
15 have 17 focused
16 primarily 17 focused
17 focused 18 on
18 on 26 and
19 objective 20 measures
20 measures 21 ,
21 , 25 function
21 , 26 and
23 as 24 physical
24 physical 25 function
26 and 28 status
27 health 28 status

only a few studies have examined the effect of personality traits on survival , such as optimism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
1 only 3 few
2 a 3 few
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 examined
6 examined 8 effect
6 examined 12 on
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 11 traits
10 personality 11 traits
12 on 13 survival
13 survival 16 as
14 , 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 17 optimism
16 as 18 .

the aim of this study was to examine whether an optimistic outlook predicts survival among the oldest - old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 9 whether
9 whether 12 outlook
9 whether 13 predicts
10 an 11 optimistic
10 an 12 outlook
11 optimistic 12 outlook
12 outlook 13 predicts
13 predicts 14 survival
13 predicts 15 among
15 among 19 old
16 the 17 oldest
16 the 19 old
17 oldest 18 -

methods : the danish 1905 cohort survey is a nationwide , longitudinal survey comprising all individuals born in denmark in 1905 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 survey
2 : 8 is
2 : 22 .
3 the 4 danish
4 danish 7 survey
5 1905 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 survey
7 survey 8 is
8 is 13 survey
9 a 10 nationwide
9 a 13 survey
10 nationwide 11 ,
10 nationwide 13 survey
12 longitudinal 13 survey
13 survey 14 comprising
13 survey 17 born
14 comprising 16 individuals
15 all 16 individuals
17 born 18 in
17 born 20 in
18 in 19 denmark
20 in 21 1905

at baseline in 1998 , a total of 2,262 persons aged 92 or 93 agreed to participate in the intake survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 agreed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 at 2 baseline
1 at 5 ,
1 at 7 total
2 baseline 3 in
3 in 4 1998
6 a 7 total
7 total 8 of
7 total 11 aged
7 total 15 agreed
8 of 10 persons
9 2,262 10 persons
11 aged 13 or
12 92 13 or
13 or 14 93
15 agreed 16 to
15 agreed 17 participate
16 to 17 participate
17 participate 18 in
18 in 21 survey
19 the 21 survey
20 intake 21 survey

the baseline in [-] person [interview] consisted of a comprehensive questionnaire including physical functioning and health , and a question about whether the respondent had an optimistic , neutral or pessimistic outlook on his or her own future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 baseline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 baseline
2 baseline 7 consisted
3 in 5 person
5 person 7 consisted
7 consisted 8 of
8 of 11 questionnaire
9 a 10 comprehensive
9 a 11 questionnaire
10 comprehensive 11 questionnaire
11 questionnaire 12 including
12 including 35 or
13 physical 14 functioning
13 physical 15 and
15 and 16 health
15 and 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 question
18 and 21 about
18 and 35 or
19 a 20 question
21 about 22 whether
22 whether 24 respondent
22 whether 25 had
23 the 24 respondent
24 respondent 25 had
25 had 32 outlook
25 had 33 on
26 an 27 optimistic
26 an 32 outlook
27 optimistic 28 ,
27 optimistic 32 outlook
29 neutral 30 or
30 or 31 pessimistic
30 or 32 outlook
33 on 34 his
35 or 38 future
36 her 37 own
36 her 38 future

results : during the [follow] [-] up period of 12 years ( 1998 - 2010 ) there were 2,239 deaths ( 99 % ) in the 1905 cohort survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 17 there
2 : 18 were
2 : 30 .
3 during 8 period
3 during 16 )
3 during 17 there
4 the 8 period
7 up 8 period
8 period 9 of
8 period 14 -
9 of 11 years
10 12 11 years
12 ( 14 -
13 1998 14 -
14 - 15 2010
14 - 16 )
17 there 18 were
18 were 20 deaths
18 were 25 in
19 2,239 20 deaths
20 deaths 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 99 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 in 29 survey
26 the 29 survey
27 1905 28 cohort
28 cohort 29 survey

univariable analyses revealed that optimistic women and men were at lower risk of death compared to their neutral counterparts [ hr 0.82 , 95 % ci ( 0.73 - 0.93 [ )(and 0.81 , 95 % ci ( 0.66 - 0.99 ) , respectively ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 univariable 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 women
4 that 5 optimistic
5 optimistic 6 women
7 and 8 men
7 and 9 were
8 men 9 were
9 were 10 at
9 were 16 to
9 were 44 respectively
10 at 12 risk
11 lower 12 risk
12 risk 13 of
13 of 14 death
14 death 15 compared
16 to 19 counterparts
17 their 19 counterparts
18 neutral 19 counterparts
19 counterparts 21 hr
19 counterparts 26 ci
20 [ 21 hr
21 hr 22 0.82
21 hr 23 ,
23 , 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 29 -
26 ci 43 ,
27 ( 29 -
28 0.73 29 -
29 - 32 )(and
29 - 42 )
30 0.93 32 )(and
32 )(and 33 0.81
32 )(and 37 ci
34 , 37 ci
35 95 37 ci
36 % 37 ci
37 ci 40 -
37 ci 42 )
38 ( 40 -
39 0.66 40 -
40 - 41 0.99
40 - 42 )
43 , 44 respectively
44 respectively 45 ]

when confounding factors such as baseline physical and cognitive functioning and disease were taken into account the association between optimism and survival weakened in both sexes , but the general pattern persisted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 weakened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 when 2 confounding
1 when 21 and
2 confounding 3 factors
3 factors 5 as
3 factors 14 taken
4 such 5 as
5 as 6 baseline
6 baseline 11 and
6 baseline 13 were
7 physical 8 and
8 and 9 cognitive
8 and 10 functioning
8 and 11 and
11 and 12 disease
11 and 13 were
14 taken 16 account
15 into 16 account
17 the 18 association
18 association 19 between
18 association 21 and
19 between 20 optimism
21 and 22 survival
21 and 23 weakened
23 weakened 24 in
24 in 26 sexes
25 both 26 sexes
27 , 28 but
28 but 31 pattern
28 but 32 persisted
29 the 31 pattern
30 general 31 pattern
31 pattern 32 persisted

optimistic women were still at lower risk of death compared to neutral women [ hr 0.85 , 95 % ci ( 0.74 - 0.97 ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 optimistic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 optimistic 3 were
2 women 3 were
3 were 4 still
4 still 5 at
5 at 7 risk
6 lower 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
8 of 9 death
9 death 10 compared
10 compared 11 to
11 to 13 women
12 neutral 13 women
13 women 15 hr
13 women 20 ci
14 [ 15 hr
15 hr 16 0.85
15 hr 17 ,
17 , 20 ci
18 95 20 ci
19 % 20 ci
20 ci 23 -
20 ci 26 ]
21 ( 23 -
22 0.74 23 -
23 - 24 0.97
23 - 25 )

the risk of death was also decreased for optimistic men compared to their neutral counterparts , but the effect [was] [non] - significant [ hr 0.91 , 95 % ci ( 0.73 - 1.13 ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 risk
2 risk 3 of
2 risk 5 was
3 of 4 death
5 was 6 also
5 was 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 for
8 for 10 men
9 optimistic 10 men
10 men 11 compared
10 men 25 hr
11 compared 12 to
11 compared 23 significant
12 to 15 counterparts
13 their 15 counterparts
14 neutral 15 counterparts
15 counterparts 17 but
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 effect
17 but 22 -
18 the 19 effect
24 [ 25 hr
25 hr 26 0.91
25 hr 30 ci
25 hr 36 ]
27 , 30 ci
28 95 30 ci
29 % 30 ci
30 ci 33 -
30 ci 35 )
31 ( 33 -
32 0.73 33 -
33 - 34 1.13
33 - 35 )

conclusion : an optimistic outlook appears to be a significant predictor of survival among the oldest - old women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 outlook
2 : 6 appears
2 : 20 .
3 an 4 optimistic
3 an 5 outlook
4 optimistic 5 outlook
5 outlook 6 appears
6 appears 7 to
6 appears 8 be
7 to 8 be
8 be 11 predictor
9 a 10 significant
9 a 11 predictor
10 significant 11 predictor
11 predictor 12 of
12 of 13 survival
13 survival 14 among
14 among 19 women
15 the 16 oldest
15 the 19 women
16 oldest 17 -
18 old 19 women

it may also be a significant predictor for men but the sample size is small . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 it 2 may
2 may 4 be
3 also 4 be
4 be 7 predictor
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 predictor
6 significant 7 predictor
7 predictor 8 for
8 for 9 men
10 but 13 size
10 but 14 is
11 the 13 size
12 sample 13 size
13 size 14 is
14 is 15 small

human longevity is a multifactorial phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 longevity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 human 2 longevity
2 longevity 3 is
3 is 6 phenotype
4 a 6 phenotype
5 multifactorial 6 phenotype
6 phenotype 7 influenced
7 influenced 8 by
8 by 13 factors
9 both 13 factors
10 genetic 11 and
11 and 12 environmental
11 and 13 factors

despite its heritability of 25 - 32 % , the genetic background of longevity is as yet largely unexplained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 despite 3 heritability
1 despite 9 ,
1 despite 12 background
2 its 3 heritability
3 heritability 4 of
4 of 8 %
5 25 6 -
6 - 7 32
6 - 8 %
10 the 12 background
11 genetic 12 background
12 background 13 of
12 background 15 is
13 of 14 longevity
15 is 17 yet
15 is 19 unexplained
16 as 17 yet
18 largely 19 unexplained

apart from apoe status , variation in the foxo3a gene is the only confirmed genetic contributor to survival into old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 apart 2 from
2 from 4 status
2 from 5 ,
2 from 6 variation
3 apoe 4 status
6 variation 7 in
6 variation 11 is
7 in 10 gene
8 the 10 gene
9 foxo3a 10 gene
11 is 16 contributor
12 the 13 only
12 the 16 contributor
14 confirmed 16 contributor
15 genetic 16 contributor
16 contributor 17 to
17 to 18 survival
18 survival 19 into
19 into 21 age
20 old 21 age

on the other hand , foxo3a activity is known to be downregulated in various cancers , and the gene was recently identified as a novel deletion hotspot in human lung adenocarcinoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 7 activity
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 foxo3a 7 activity
7 activity 8 is
8 is 9 known
9 known 10 to
9 known 12 downregulated
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 downregulated
12 downregulated 13 in
13 in 15 cancers
14 various 15 cancers
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 gene
17 and 22 identified
18 the 19 gene
19 gene 20 was
20 was 22 identified
21 recently 22 identified
22 identified 23 as
22 identified 28 in
23 as 27 hotspot
24 a 25 novel
24 a 27 hotspot
25 novel 26 deletion
26 deletion 27 hotspot
28 in 31 adenocarcinoma
29 human 30 lung
30 lung 31 adenocarcinoma

in view of the strong association between smoking and lung cancer , we set out to explore whether smoking modifies the known association between foxo3a variation and longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 set
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 view
1 in 12 ,
1 in 13 we
2 view 3 of
2 view 7 between
3 of 6 association
4 the 6 association
5 strong 6 association
7 between 9 and
8 smoking 9 and
9 and 11 cancer
10 lung 11 cancer
13 we 14 set
14 set 15 out
14 set 16 to
14 set 18 whether
16 to 17 explore
18 whether 19 smoking
18 whether 20 modifies
19 smoking 20 modifies
20 modifies 23 association
20 modifies 24 between
21 the 23 association
22 known 23 association
24 between 27 and
25 foxo3a 26 variation
26 variation 27 and
27 and 28 longevity

to this end , we conducted a case - control study in two different populations , drawing upon extensive collections of old - aged individuals and younger controls available to us ( 1,613 german centenarians/nonagenarians and 1,104 controls ; 1,088 danish nonagenarians and 736 controls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 to 3 end
1 to 4 ,
1 to 5 we
2 this 3 end
5 we 6 conducted
6 conducted 8 case
7 a 8 case
8 case 11 study
8 case 17 drawing
9 - 11 study
10 control 11 study
11 study 12 in
11 study 16 ,
12 in 15 populations
13 two 15 populations
14 different 15 populations
16 , 17 drawing
17 drawing 18 upon
17 drawing 39 ;
18 upon 28 controls
19 extensive 28 controls
20 collections 21 of
20 collections 26 and
21 of 25 individuals
22 old 23 -
22 old 25 individuals
24 aged 25 individuals
26 and 27 younger
26 and 28 controls
28 controls 29 available
28 controls 36 and
29 available 30 to
30 to 31 us
32 ( 36 and
33 1,613 35 centenarians/nonagenarians
34 german 35 centenarians/nonagenarians
35 centenarians/nonagenarians 36 and
36 and 38 controls
36 and 39 ;
37 1,104 38 controls
39 ; 43 and
40 1,088 42 nonagenarians
41 danish 42 nonagenarians
42 nonagenarians 43 and
43 and 45 controls
43 and 46 )
44 736 45 controls

in the german sample , 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) from the foxo3a gene region [were] genotyped , whereas 15 foxo3a snps were analyzed in the danish sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 4 sample
1 in 24 snps
2 the 4 sample
3 german 4 sample
4 sample 9 polymorphisms
5 , 9 polymorphisms
6 21 9 polymorphisms
7 single 8 nucleotide
8 nucleotide 9 polymorphisms
9 polymorphisms 11 snps
9 polymorphisms 12 )
10 ( 11 snps
11 snps 12 )
13 from 17 region
13 from 20 ,
13 from 24 snps
14 the 17 region
15 foxo3a 17 region
16 gene 17 region
17 region 19 genotyped
21 whereas 22 15
21 whereas 24 snps
23 foxo3a 24 snps
24 snps 25 were
25 were 26 analyzed
26 analyzed 27 in
27 in 30 sample
28 the 30 sample
29 danish 30 sample

eight snps were typed in both populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 typed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 eight 2 snps
2 snps 3 were
3 were 4 typed
4 typed 5 in
5 in 7 populations
6 both 7 populations

logistic regression analysis revealed that adjustment for smoking does not systematically alter the association between foxo3a variation and longevity in neither population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 logistic 3 analysis
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 that
5 that 6 adjustment
5 that 12 alter
6 adjustment 7 for
6 adjustment 9 does
7 for 8 smoking
9 does 10 not
9 does 12 alter
11 systematically 12 alter
12 alter 14 association
12 alter 15 between
12 alter 20 in
13 the 14 association
15 between 18 and
16 foxo3a 17 variation
17 variation 18 and
18 and 19 longevity
20 in 22 population
21 neither 22 population

our analysis therefore suggests that the said association is not largely due to the confounding effects of lung cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 analysis
2 analysis 4 suggests
3 therefore 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 that
5 that 8 association
5 that 9 is
6 the 8 association
7 said 8 association
8 association 9 is
9 is 10 not
9 is 11 largely
9 is 13 to
12 due 13 to
13 to 16 effects
14 the 16 effects
15 confounding 16 effects
16 effects 17 of
17 of 19 cancer
18 lung 19 cancer

protein oxidation is typically associated with oxidative stress and aging and [affects] protein function in normal and pathological processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oxidation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 protein 2 oxidation
2 oxidation 3 is
3 is 4 typically
3 is 6 with
3 is 15 in
4 typically 5 associated
6 with 11 and
7 oxidative 8 stress
8 stress 9 and
9 and 10 aging
9 and 11 and
11 and 14 function
13 protein 14 function
15 in 19 processes
16 normal 17 and
17 and 18 pathological
17 and 19 processes

additionally , deliberate oxidative labeling is used to probe protein structure and protein - ligand interactions in hydroxyl radical protein footprinting ( hrpf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 labeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 5 labeling
3 deliberate 5 labeling
4 oxidative 5 labeling
5 labeling 6 is
6 is 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 probe
8 to 9 probe
9 probe 10 protein
10 protein 12 and
10 protein 21 footprinting
10 protein 23 hrpf
11 structure 12 and
12 and 13 protein
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 ligand
15 ligand 16 interactions
15 ligand 17 in
17 in 20 protein
18 hydroxyl 20 protein
19 radical 20 protein
20 protein 21 footprinting
22 ( 23 hrpf
23 hrpf 24 )

oxidation often occurs at multiple sites , leading to mixtures of oxidation isomers that differ only by the site of modification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oxidation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurs
1 oxidation 3 occurs
2 often 3 occurs
3 occurs 4 at
4 at 6 sites
5 multiple 6 sites
6 sites 8 leading
7 , 8 leading
8 leading 9 to
8 leading 22 .
9 to 10 mixtures
10 mixtures 11 of
11 of 13 isomers
12 oxidation 13 isomers
13 isomers 14 that
13 isomers 15 differ
14 that 15 differ
15 differ 16 only
15 differ 17 by
17 by 19 site
18 the 19 site
19 site 20 of
20 of 21 modification

we utilized sets of synthetic , isomeric " oxidized " peptides to test and [compare] the ability of electron - transfer dissociation ( etd [ )(and collision - induced dissociation ( cid ) , as well as nano - ultra high performance liquid chromatography ( nanouplc ) separation , to quantitate oxidation isomers with one oxidation at multiple adjacent sites in mixtures of peptides [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 utilized
1 we 2 utilized
2 utilized 3 sets
2 utilized 12 to
3 sets 4 of
4 of 11 peptides
5 synthetic 6 ,
5 synthetic 11 peptides
7 isomeric 8 "
7 isomeric 11 peptides
9 oxidized 10 "
9 oxidized 11 peptides
12 to 22 dissociation
13 test 14 and
14 and 17 ability
14 and 20 -
14 and 22 dissociation
16 the 17 ability
17 ability 18 of
18 of 19 electron
21 transfer 22 dissociation
22 dissociation 28 -
23 ( 28 -
24 etd 26 )(and
26 )(and 27 collision
26 )(and 28 -
28 - 30 dissociation
29 induced 30 dissociation
30 dissociation 32 cid
30 dissociation 39 -
31 ( 32 cid
32 cid 33 )
34 , 39 -
35 as 36 well
35 as 39 -
36 well 37 as
36 well 39 -
37 as 38 nano
39 - 43 liquid
40 ultra 41 high
41 high 43 liquid
42 performance 43 liquid
43 liquid 48 separation
43 liquid 53 isomers
44 chromatography 46 nanouplc
44 chromatography 48 separation
45 ( 46 nanouplc
46 nanouplc 47 )
48 separation 50 to
48 separation 53 isomers
49 , 50 to
50 to 51 quantitate
51 quantitate 52 oxidation
53 isomers 54 with
54 with 55 one
54 with 56 oxidation
56 oxidation 57 at
56 oxidation 61 in
56 oxidation 63 of
57 at 60 sites
58 multiple 60 sites
59 adjacent 60 sites
61 in 62 mixtures
63 of 64 peptides

tandem mass spectrometry by etd generates fragment ion ratios that accurately report on relative oxidative modification extent on specific sites , regardless of the charge state of the precursor ion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 spectrometry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 generates
1 tandem 3 spectrometry
2 mass 3 spectrometry
3 spectrometry 4 by
3 spectrometry 6 generates
4 by 5 etd
6 generates 9 ratios
7 fragment 9 ratios
8 ion 9 ratios
9 ratios 10 that
9 ratios 12 report
10 that 12 report
11 accurately 12 report
12 report 13 on
12 report 18 on
12 report 23 of
13 on 17 extent
14 relative 17 extent
15 oxidative 16 modification
16 modification 17 extent
18 on 20 sites
19 specific 20 sites
21 , 23 of
22 regardless 23 of
23 of 26 state
23 of 31 .
24 the 26 state
25 charge 26 state
26 state 27 of
27 of 30 ion
28 the 30 ion
29 precursor 30 ion

conversely , cid was found to generate quantitative ms/ms product ions only at the higher precursor charge state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 3 cid
3 cid 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 7 generate
7 generate 11 ions
7 generate 12 only
8 quantitative 11 ions
9 ms/ms 11 ions
10 product 11 ions
12 only 13 at
13 at 18 state
14 the 18 state
15 higher 16 precursor
16 precursor 18 state
17 charge 18 state

oxidized isomers having multiple sites of oxidation in each of two peptide sequences in hrpf [product] of protein robo - 1 ig1 - 2 , a protein involved in nervous system axon guidance , were also identified and the oxidation extent at each residue was quantified by etd without prior liquid chromatography ( lc ) separation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 isomers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 oxidized 2 isomers
2 isomers 3 having
2 isomers 14 in
2 isomers 17 of
2 isomers 35 were
3 having 5 sites
3 having 8 in
4 multiple 5 sites
5 sites 6 of
6 of 7 oxidation
8 in 9 each
9 each 10 of
10 of 13 sequences
11 two 13 sequences
12 peptide 13 sequences
14 in 15 hrpf
17 of 19 robo
18 protein 19 robo
19 robo 22 ig1
20 - 22 ig1
21 1 22 ig1
22 ig1 24 2
22 ig1 27 protein
22 ig1 34 ,
23 - 24 2
24 2 25 ,
25 , 27 protein
26 a 27 protein
27 protein 28 involved
27 protein 29 in
27 protein 34 ,
29 in 33 guidance
30 nervous 31 system
31 system 33 guidance
32 axon 33 guidance
35 were 36 also
35 were 37 identified
38 and 41 extent
38 and 46 quantified
39 the 41 extent
40 oxidation 41 extent
41 extent 42 at
41 extent 45 was
42 at 44 residue
43 each 44 residue
45 was 46 quantified
46 quantified 47 by
47 by 48 etd
48 etd 49 without
49 without 56 separation
50 prior 51 liquid
51 liquid 56 separation
52 chromatography 54 lc
52 chromatography 55 )
52 chromatography 56 separation
53 ( 54 lc
54 lc 55 )

etd has [proven] to be a reliable technique for simultaneous identification and relative quantification of a variety of functionally different oxidation isomers , and is a valuable tool for the study of oxidative stress , as well as for improving spatial resolution for hrpf studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 etd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 etd 2 has
2 has 4 to
4 to 5 be
5 be 8 technique
5 be 9 for
6 a 8 technique
7 reliable 8 technique
9 for 11 identification
10 simultaneous 11 identification
12 and 14 quantification
12 and 24 and
13 relative 14 quantification
14 quantification 15 of
14 quantification 24 and
15 of 17 variety
16 a 17 variety
17 variety 18 of
18 of 21 oxidation
19 functionally 20 different
20 different 21 oxidation
22 isomers 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 is
24 and 36 as
25 is 28 tool
26 a 27 valuable
26 a 28 tool
27 valuable 28 tool
28 tool 29 for
29 for 31 study
30 the 31 study
31 study 32 of
32 of 34 stress
33 oxidative 34 stress
35 , 36 as
36 as 37 well
36 as 46 .
37 well 38 as
37 well 43 for
38 as 39 for
39 for 40 improving
40 improving 42 resolution
41 spatial 42 resolution
43 for 45 studies
44 hrpf 45 studies

life expectancy for persons with hemophilia ( pwh ) has considerably increased in the last decades as a direct result of the availability of modern therapies to control the clotting defect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 life
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 life 2 expectancy
1 life 10 has
1 life 12 increased
2 expectancy 3 for
2 expectancy 10 has
3 for 4 persons
4 persons 5 with
5 with 6 hemophilia
6 hemophilia 8 pwh
7 ( 8 pwh
8 pwh 9 )
10 has 11 considerably
12 increased 13 in
12 increased 17 as
12 increased 27 to
13 in 16 decades
14 the 15 last
14 the 16 decades
17 as 20 result
18 a 19 direct
18 a 20 result
19 direct 20 result
20 result 21 of
20 result 24 of
21 of 23 availability
22 the 23 availability
24 of 26 therapies
25 modern 26 therapies
27 to 28 control
28 control 31 defect
29 the 31 defect
30 clotting 31 defect

because their life expectancy now matches that of the general population , pwh are experiencing age - related comorbidities , such as [,] cardiovascular diseases , metabolic syndrome , renal diseases , sexuality issues , malignancies , and neurologic problems , that until recently have been rarely seen in this group of patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 pwh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 because 4 expectancy
1 because 6 matches
1 because 13 pwh
2 their 4 expectancy
3 life 4 expectancy
4 expectancy 6 matches
5 now 6 matches
6 matches 7 that
8 of 11 population
8 of 12 ,
8 of 13 pwh
9 the 11 population
10 general 11 population
13 pwh 14 are
14 are 15 experiencing
15 experiencing 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 comorbidities
18 related 54 .
19 comorbidities 22 as
20 , 22 as
21 such 22 as
22 as 38 and
22 as 54 .
24 cardiovascular 25 diseases
25 diseases 26 ,
26 , 28 syndrome
26 , 29 ,
27 metabolic 28 syndrome
29 , 31 diseases
29 , 32 ,
30 renal 31 diseases
32 , 34 issues
32 , 35 ,
33 sexuality 34 issues
35 , 36 malignancies
35 , 38 and
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 problems
38 and 42 that
38 and 45 have
39 neurologic 40 problems
41 , 42 that
42 that 43 until
42 that 45 have
43 until 44 recently
45 have 46 been
46 been 47 rarely
46 been 48 seen
48 seen 49 in
49 in 53 patients
50 this 51 group
51 group 52 of
51 group 53 patients
52 of 53 patients

in this article , we present a summary of the current knowledge on the aging pwh along with the clinical approaches that may be integrated into the routine comprehensive care of these patients for preventing , diagnosing , and monitoring age - related comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 preventing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ,
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 present
6 present 8 summary
6 present 13 on
7 a 8 summary
8 summary 9 of
9 of 12 knowledge
10 the 12 knowledge
11 current 12 knowledge
13 on 16 pwh
14 the 16 pwh
15 aging 16 pwh
16 pwh 18 with
17 along 18 with
18 with 21 approaches
19 the 21 approaches
20 clinical 21 approaches
21 approaches 22 that
21 approaches 35 preventing
22 that 23 may
23 may 24 be
24 be 25 integrated
25 integrated 26 into
25 integrated 29 comprehensive
26 into 28 routine
27 the 28 routine
29 comprehensive 31 of
30 care 31 of
31 of 33 patients
32 these 33 patients
33 patients 34 for
34 for 35 preventing
36 , 39 and
37 diagnosing 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 age
39 and 44 comorbidities
40 monitoring 41 age
42 - 44 comorbidities
43 related 44 comorbidities
44 comorbidities 45 .

in general , patients [with] and [without] hemophilia should receive similar care , with close collaboration between the physician treating pwh and the specialty expert treating the comorbid disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 receive
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 6 and
4 patients 6 and
6 and 8 hemophilia
6 and 9 should
9 should 10 receive
10 receive 12 care
10 receive 14 with
11 similar 12 care
13 , 14 with
14 with 22 and
14 with 30 .
15 close 16 collaboration
16 collaboration 17 between
16 collaboration 20 treating
16 collaboration 22 and
17 between 19 physician
18 the 19 physician
20 treating 21 pwh
22 and 25 expert
23 the 25 expert
24 specialty 25 expert
25 expert 26 treating
26 treating 29 disease
27 the 29 disease
28 comorbid 29 disease

objective : the past decade has seen a surge in referrals of older men for consideration of testosterone therapy for late - onset hypogonadism ( loh ) to treat symptoms such as fatigue , sexual dysfunction and decreased vitality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 decade
2 : 7 seen
2 : 40 .
3 the 4 past
3 the 5 decade
5 decade 6 has
6 has 7 seen
7 seen 9 surge
7 seen 10 in
7 seen 15 for
7 seen 28 to
7 seen 32 as
8 a 9 surge
10 in 11 referrals
11 referrals 12 of
12 of 14 men
13 older 14 men
15 for 16 consideration
16 consideration 17 of
16 consideration 20 for
17 of 19 therapy
18 testosterone 19 therapy
20 for 24 hypogonadism
21 late 22 -
21 late 23 onset
23 onset 24 hypogonadism
24 hypogonadism 26 loh
25 ( 26 loh
26 loh 27 )
28 to 29 treat
29 treat 30 symptoms
31 such 32 as
32 as 37 and
33 fatigue 34 ,
34 , 36 dysfunction
34 , 37 and
35 sexual 36 dysfunction
37 and 39 vitality
38 decreased 39 vitality

prescription sales of testosterone have accordingly increased by 20 - fold over the same period , due [mainly] to marketing campaign as well as to the failure of clinicians to distinguish organic hypogonadism from loh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prescription
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 prescription 2 sales
1 prescription 5 have
1 prescription 7 increased
2 sales 3 of
2 sales 5 have
3 of 4 testosterone
5 have 6 accordingly
7 increased 8 by
8 by 9 20
10 - 11 fold
10 - 16 ,
11 fold 12 over
11 fold 15 period
13 the 14 same
14 same 15 period
16 , 21 campaign
17 due 19 to
19 to 20 marketing
19 to 21 campaign
21 campaign 22 as
21 campaign 25 to
22 as 23 well
24 as 25 to
25 to 27 failure
26 the 27 failure
27 failure 28 of
27 failure 30 to
27 failure 31 distinguish
28 of 29 clinicians
30 to 31 distinguish
31 distinguish 33 hypogonadism
31 distinguish 34 from
32 organic 33 hypogonadism
34 from 35 loh

this review seeks to provide a counter [-] rationale for testosterone therapy in loh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seeks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 seeks
3 seeks 4 to
3 seeks 5 provide
4 to 5 provide
5 provide 9 rationale
5 provide 13 in
6 a 9 rationale
7 counter 9 rationale
9 rationale 10 for
10 for 12 therapy
11 testosterone 12 therapy
13 in 14 loh

methods : a retrospective review of english - language epidemiologic studies , clinical trials and their relevant cited studies related to testosterone and older men was carried out . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 review
2 : 27 carried
2 : 29 .
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 5 review
4 retrospective 5 review
5 review 6 of
5 review 26 was
6 of 11 studies
7 english 8 -
7 english 9 language
9 language 11 studies
10 epidemiologic 11 studies
12 , 20 related
13 clinical 14 trials
14 trials 15 and
15 and 19 studies
15 and 20 related
16 their 19 studies
17 relevant 19 studies
18 cited 19 studies
20 related 21 to
20 related 26 was
21 to 23 and
22 testosterone 23 and
23 and 25 men
24 older 25 men
26 was 27 carried
27 carried 28 out

results : shortcomings of population studies on loh include use of multiple numeric definitions and [non] - standard testosterone assays , and measurement of testosterone at a single time point . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 shortcomings
2 : 9 include
2 : 15 and
3 shortcomings 4 of
3 shortcomings 9 include
4 of 6 studies
5 population 6 studies
6 studies 7 on
7 on 8 loh
9 include 10 use
10 use 11 of
11 of 14 definitions
12 multiple 14 definitions
13 numeric 14 definitions
15 and 17 -
15 and 30 point
17 - 22 and
18 standard 19 testosterone
19 testosterone 20 assays
20 assays 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 measurement
22 and 24 of
22 and 30 point
24 of 25 testosterone
25 testosterone 26 at
26 at 29 time
27 a 28 single
27 a 29 time
28 single 29 time

in contrast to higher estimates of prevalence based solely on numeric values , the syndromic prevalence of loh is only 2 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 13 ,
1 in 16 prevalence
2 contrast 3 to
3 to 5 estimates
4 higher 5 estimates
5 estimates 6 of
6 of 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 based
8 based 9 solely
9 solely 10 on
10 on 12 values
11 numeric 12 values
14 the 16 prevalence
15 syndromic 16 prevalence
16 prevalence 17 of
16 prevalence 19 is
17 of 18 loh
19 is 22 %
20 only 21 2
21 2 22 %

although attrition of testicular leydig cells and slowing of gonadotropin - releasing hormone neurons both contribute to loh , obesity and other comorbidities strongly influence testosterone levels , suggesting that testosterone is a biomarker of health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 influence
1 although 7 and
1 although 16 contribute
1 although 25 influence
2 attrition 3 of
2 attrition 7 and
3 of 6 cells
4 testicular 6 cells
5 leydig 6 cells
7 and 8 slowing
7 and 11 -
7 and 12 releasing
7 and 16 contribute
8 slowing 9 of
9 of 10 gonadotropin
12 releasing 14 neurons
13 hormone 14 neurons
15 both 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 to
17 to 21 and
18 loh 19 ,
19 , 20 obesity
19 , 21 and
21 and 23 comorbidities
22 other 23 comorbidities
24 strongly 25 influence
25 influence 27 levels
26 testosterone 27 levels
27 levels 29 suggesting
28 , 29 suggesting
29 suggesting 30 that
29 suggesting 37 .
30 that 31 testosterone
30 that 32 is
31 testosterone 32 is
32 is 34 biomarker
33 a 34 biomarker
34 biomarker 35 of
35 of 36 health

testosterone therapy in loh has consistently resulted in improvements in muscle [mass] and strength , although data regarding effects on physical function [and] improvements in fall and fracture rates remain unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 testosterone 2 therapy
2 therapy 3 in
2 therapy 5 has
3 in 4 loh
5 has 7 resulted
6 consistently 7 resulted
7 resulted 8 in
8 in 13 and
9 improvements 10 in
9 improvements 13 and
10 in 11 muscle
13 and 14 strength
15 , 29 rates
15 , 30 remain
16 although 17 data
16 although 29 rates
17 data 18 regarding
18 regarding 19 effects
18 regarding 20 on
18 regarding 25 in
20 on 24 improvements
21 physical 24 improvements
22 function 24 improvements
25 in 27 and
26 fall 27 and
27 and 28 fracture
29 rates 30 remain
30 remain 31 unknown

eythrocytosis is the most common adverse effect of testosterone therapy in older men , while long - term risks in the prostate and cardiovascular system remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eythrocytosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 eythrocytosis 2 is
2 is 7 effect
3 the 4 most
4 most 7 effect
5 common 7 effect
6 adverse 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 10 therapy
9 testosterone 10 therapy
10 therapy 11 in
11 in 13 men
12 older 13 men
14 , 19 risks
14 , 26 remain
15 while 16 long
15 while 17 -
15 while 19 risks
18 term 19 risks
19 risks 20 in
19 risks 26 remain
20 in 23 and
21 the 22 prostate
22 prostate 23 and
23 and 25 system
24 cardiovascular 25 system
26 remain 27 unclear

conclusion : considering the paucity of data on clinically meaningful outcomes , the number of uncertain risks , and the fact that modifiable risk factors adversely influence testosterone levels , healthy lifestyle and treatment of comorbidities might attenuate age - related declines in testosterone levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 related
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 considering
3 considering 19 and
4 the 5 paucity
5 paucity 6 of
5 paucity 12 ,
6 of 7 data
7 data 8 on
8 on 11 outcomes
9 clinically 10 meaningful
10 meaningful 11 outcomes
12 , 14 number
12 , 19 and
13 the 14 number
14 number 15 of
15 of 17 risks
16 uncertain 17 risks
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 fact
19 and 22 that
19 and 27 influence
20 the 21 fact
22 that 25 factors
22 that 27 influence
23 modifiable 25 factors
24 risk 25 factors
25 factors 27 influence
26 adversely 27 influence
27 influence 28 testosterone
28 testosterone 33 and
28 testosterone 38 attenuate
29 levels 30 ,
30 , 32 lifestyle
30 , 33 and
31 healthy 32 lifestyle
33 and 34 treatment
33 and 35 of
33 and 37 might
35 of 36 comorbidities
37 might 38 attenuate
38 attenuate 39 age
40 - 41 related
41 related 42 declines
41 related 43 in
41 related 46 .
43 in 45 levels
44 testosterone 45 levels

none objective : to provide [rationale] for testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) in older men with low testosterone levels and symptoms consistent with testosterone deficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 testosterone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 none 2 objective
1 none 7 for
1 none 8 testosterone
2 objective 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 provide
4 to 5 provide
5 provide 7 for
8 testosterone 10 therapy
8 testosterone 14 in
9 replacement 10 therapy
10 therapy 12 trt
11 ( 12 trt
12 trt 13 )
14 in 21 and
15 older 16 men
16 men 17 with
16 men 21 and
17 with 20 levels
18 low 20 levels
19 testosterone 20 levels
21 and 22 symptoms
21 and 23 consistent
23 consistent 24 with
24 with 26 deficiency
25 testosterone 26 deficiency

methods : the relevant literature was reviewed using pubmed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 literature
2 : 7 reviewed
2 : 10 .
3 the 5 literature
4 relevant 5 literature
5 literature 6 was
6 was 7 reviewed
7 reviewed 8 using
8 using 9 pubmed

results : cross - sectional and longitudinal population - based studies indicate that total and free testosterone levels fall with aging , and they may be accompanied by symptoms consistent with androgen deficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 cross
3 cross 6 and
4 - 6 and
5 sectional 6 and
6 and 8 population
6 and 9 -
7 longitudinal 8 population
9 - 11 studies
9 - 15 and
9 - 34 .
10 based 11 studies
11 studies 15 and
12 indicate 14 total
12 indicate 15 and
13 that 14 total
15 and 16 free
15 and 18 levels
16 free 17 testosterone
18 levels 23 and
18 levels 26 be
18 levels 27 accompanied
18 levels 28 by
19 fall 20 with
19 fall 23 and
20 with 21 aging
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 they
23 and 25 may
25 may 26 be
28 by 29 symptoms
29 symptoms 30 consistent
30 consistent 31 with
31 with 33 deficiency
32 androgen 33 deficiency

testosterone treatment of younger men with very low testosterone levels and hypothalamic , pituitary , or testicular disease is associated with improvements in symptoms , body composition , bone density , and hematocrit/hemoglobin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 testosterone 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 of
2 treatment 11 and
3 of 5 men
4 younger 5 men
5 men 6 with
6 with 10 levels
7 very 8 low
8 low 10 levels
9 testosterone 10 levels
11 and 14 pituitary
12 hypothalamic 13 ,
12 hypothalamic 14 pituitary
15 , 16 or
16 or 18 disease
16 or 20 associated
17 testicular 18 disease
18 disease 19 is
19 is 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 32 and
22 improvements 23 in
22 improvements 25 ,
23 in 24 symptoms
25 , 27 composition
25 , 28 ,
26 body 27 composition
28 , 30 density
28 , 32 and
29 bone 30 density
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 hematocrit/hemoglobin

conclusion : the testosterone trial should provide definitive information regarding the potential benefits of trt in men ≥65 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 trial
2 : 7 provide
2 : 22 .
3 the 5 trial
4 testosterone 5 trial
5 trial 6 should
6 should 7 provide
7 provide 9 information
7 provide 16 in
8 definitive 9 information
9 information 10 regarding
9 information 14 of
10 regarding 13 benefits
11 the 13 benefits
12 potential 13 benefits
14 of 15 trt
16 in 19 years
17 men 19 years
18 ≥65 19 years
19 years 20 of
20 of 21 age

if efficacy is confirmed , we will still need more information regarding the risks of trt in older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 if 2 efficacy
1 if 4 confirmed
1 if 5 ,
1 if 6 we
2 efficacy 3 is
3 is 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 5 ,
6 we 7 will
7 will 9 need
8 still 9 need
9 need 11 information
9 need 17 in
10 more 11 information
11 information 12 regarding
12 regarding 14 risks
13 the 14 risks
14 risks 15 of
15 of 16 trt
17 in 19 men
18 older 19 men

objective : older couples are likely to be confronted with health problems of both spouses and these health problems may negatively influence their marital satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 couples
2 : 22 influence
3 older 4 couples
4 couples 5 are
5 are 6 likely
6 likely 7 to
6 likely 9 confronted
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 confronted
9 confronted 10 with
10 with 11 health
11 health 12 problems
11 health 22 influence
12 problems 13 of
12 problems 20 may
13 of 16 and
14 both 16 and
15 spouses 16 and
16 and 19 problems
17 these 19 problems
18 health 19 problems
20 may 22 influence
21 negatively 22 influence
22 influence 25 satisfaction
23 their 25 satisfaction
24 marital 25 satisfaction

the present study examined these possible negative effects using a dyadic perspective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examined
4 examined 8 effects
5 these 8 effects
6 possible 8 effects
7 negative 8 effects
8 effects 9 using
9 using 12 perspective
10 a 11 dyadic
10 a 12 perspective
11 dyadic 12 perspective

method : data from 78 independently living older couples were analyzed using the actor - partner interdependence model ( apim ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 11 analyzed
2 : 15 -
3 data 4 from
3 data 10 were
4 from 9 couples
5 78 9 couples
6 independently 7 living
7 living 9 couples
8 older 9 couples
10 were 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 12 using
12 using 14 actor
13 the 14 actor
15 - 16 partner
16 partner 20 apim
17 interdependence 18 model
18 model 20 apim
19 ( 20 apim
20 apim 21 )

health problems were modeled as a latent factor of functional disability , the number of chronic diseases , and self - rated health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modeled
1 health 2 problems
2 problems 3 were
3 were 4 modeled
4 modeled 5 as
5 as 19 and
6 a 7 latent
6 a 8 factor
7 latent 8 factor
8 factor 9 of
8 factor 19 and
9 of 11 disability
10 functional 11 disability
11 disability 17 diseases
12 , 17 diseases
13 the 14 number
14 number 15 of
14 number 17 diseases
15 of 17 diseases
16 chronic 17 diseases
17 diseases 18 ,
19 and 20 self
19 and 23 health
21 - 23 health
22 rated 23 health
23 health 24 .

the couple 's health context , that is , similarity or dissimilarity , was examined with an actor - partner interaction variable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 couple
2 couple 3 's
3 's 5 context
4 health 5 context
5 context 8 is
5 context 14 was
6 , 8 is
7 that 8 is
8 is 9 ,
8 is 11 or
8 is 13 ,
10 similarity 11 or
11 or 12 dissimilarity
14 was 15 examined
15 examined 16 with
16 with 18 actor
17 an 18 actor
19 - 22 variable
20 partner 22 variable
21 interaction 22 variable

results : for wives , spousal health problems were negatively associated with their marital satisfaction , but only under the condition that their own health was relatively good . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 4 wives
5 , 8 problems
5 , 11 associated
6 spousal 7 health
7 health 8 problems
8 problems 9 were
9 were 10 negatively
9 were 11 associated
11 associated 17 but
12 with 15 satisfaction
12 with 17 but
13 their 15 satisfaction
14 marital 15 satisfaction
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 only
17 but 19 under
19 under 21 condition
20 the 21 condition
21 condition 22 that
22 that 25 health
22 that 26 was
23 their 24 own
23 their 25 health
25 health 26 was
26 was 27 relatively
26 was 28 good

for husbands , neither own [nor] spousal health problems were associated with their marital satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 own
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 for 2 husbands
1 for 3 ,
1 for 5 own
4 neither 5 own
5 own 8 health
7 spousal 8 health
8 health 9 problems
8 health 10 were
8 health 11 associated
9 problems 10 were
11 associated 12 with
12 with 15 satisfaction
13 their 15 satisfaction
14 marital 15 satisfaction

discussion : future research focusing on older couples needs to consider the couple 's health context next to health at the individual level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 research
2 : 9 needs
3 future 4 research
4 research 5 focusing
4 research 6 on
4 research 9 needs
6 on 8 couples
7 older 8 couples
9 needs 10 to
9 needs 24 .
10 to 11 consider
11 consider 16 context
11 consider 18 to
12 the 13 couple
13 couple 14 's
14 's 16 context
15 health 16 context
17 next 18 to
18 to 19 health
19 health 20 at
20 at 23 level
21 the 23 level
22 individual 23 level

objective : we examined gender differences in the prevalence of disability and disability - free life expectancy ( dfle ) for bangladeshi older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 12 and
3 we 12 and
4 examined 6 differences
4 examined 7 in
4 examined 12 and
5 gender 6 differences
7 in 9 prevalence
8 the 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
10 of 11 disability
12 and 15 free
13 disability 14 -
13 disability 15 free
15 free 19 dfle
15 free 21 for
16 life 17 expectancy
17 expectancy 19 dfle
18 ( 19 dfle
19 dfle 20 )
21 for 24 adults
22 bangladeshi 24 adults
23 older 24 adults

method : we used data representing 4,189 elderly subjects aged 60 years [and] over from a nationally representative survey ( bangladesh 's household income and expenditure survey - 2010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 used
3 we 4 used
4 used 5 data
4 used 14 over
5 data 6 representing
5 data 10 aged
6 representing 9 subjects
7 4,189 9 subjects
8 elderly 9 subjects
11 60 12 years
12 years 14 over
14 over 15 from
15 from 19 survey
16 a 17 nationally
16 a 19 survey
17 nationally 18 representative
18 representative 19 survey
19 survey 27 survey
20 ( 27 survey
21 bangladesh 22 's
22 's 27 survey
23 household 24 income
24 income 25 and
25 and 26 expenditure
26 expenditure 27 survey
27 survey 29 2010
27 survey 30 )
28 - 29 2010
29 2010 30 )

the sullivan method was used to compute dfle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 method
2 sullivan 3 method
3 method 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 compute
6 to 7 compute
7 compute 8 dfle

results : eyesight disability is prevalent among 28.94 and 36.47 men and women , respectively , and is the most prevalent type of disability in bangladesh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 disability
2 : 17 and
2 : 27 .
3 eyesight 4 disability
4 disability 17 and
5 is 6 prevalent
5 is 17 and
6 prevalent 7 among
6 prevalent 15 respectively
7 among 12 and
8 28.94 9 and
9 and 10 36.47
9 and 11 men
11 men 12 and
12 and 13 women
14 , 15 respectively
15 respectively 16 ,
17 and 18 is
17 and 25 in
18 is 23 of
19 the 23 of
20 most 21 prevalent
21 prevalent 23 of
22 type 23 of
23 of 24 disability
25 in 26 bangladesh

women have each disability and at least one disability in significantly higher percentages than men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 women 2 have
2 have 5 and
2 have 10 in
2 have 14 than
3 each 4 disability
4 disability 5 and
5 and 7 least
5 and 9 disability
6 at 7 least
8 one 9 disability
10 in 13 percentages
11 significantly 12 higher
12 higher 13 percentages
14 than 15 men

at all ages , and in both numbers and proportion , women have longer life expectancy but shorter dfle than men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 at 3 ages
1 at 5 and
2 all 3 ages
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 in
5 and 11 ,
5 and 12 women
6 in 9 and
7 both 8 numbers
8 numbers 9 and
9 and 10 proportion
12 women 13 have
13 have 19 dfle
13 have 20 than
14 longer 15 life
15 life 19 dfle
16 expectancy 17 but
17 but 18 shorter
17 but 19 dfle
20 than 21 men

discussion : attention should be given to the elderly , with special care devoted to elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 attention
2 : 6 given
3 attention 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 given
6 given 7 to
6 given 11 with
7 to 9 elderly
8 the 9 elderly
10 , 11 with
11 with 13 care
11 with 18 .
12 special 13 care
13 care 14 devoted
14 devoted 15 to
15 to 17 women
16 elderly 17 women

the findings of the current study have important implications for risk of disability and the need [for] , and use of [,] long - term care services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 of
2 findings 7 have
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 current 6 study
7 have 9 implications
7 have 10 for
8 important 9 implications
10 for 19 and
11 risk 12 of
11 risk 14 and
12 of 13 disability
14 and 16 need
14 and 19 and
15 the 16 need
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 use
19 and 21 of
21 of 27 services
23 long 24 -
23 long 27 services
25 term 26 care
26 care 27 services

none [objectives] : coresidence is one way that middle - aged offspring assist vulnerable , aging parents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 4 coresidence
3 : 5 is
3 : 10 -
4 coresidence 5 is
5 is 7 way
5 is 9 middle
6 one 7 way
8 that 9 middle
10 - 12 offspring
10 - 13 assist
10 - 18 .
11 aged 12 offspring
12 offspring 13 assist
13 assist 17 parents
14 vulnerable 15 ,
14 vulnerable 17 parents
16 aging 17 parents

this study investigated [which] characteristics of widowed mothers and adult children predict coresidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 of
6 of 8 mothers
7 widowed 8 mothers
9 and 11 children
9 and 12 predict
10 adult 11 children
11 children 12 predict
12 predict 13 coresidence

when coresidence occurred , the analysis explored [how] individual children 's characteristics were associated with their coresidence with the mother . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 when 2 coresidence
1 when 3 occurred
1 when 4 ,
1 when 12 characteristics
2 coresidence 3 occurred
5 the 10 children
6 analysis 7 explored
7 explored 10 children
9 individual 10 children
10 children 11 's
11 's 12 characteristics
12 characteristics 13 were
13 were 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 18 with
15 with 17 coresidence
16 their 17 coresidence
18 with 20 mother
19 the 20 mother

method : survey data from adults 53 - 54 years old in 1993 ( n = 2,324 ) and a random sibling reported about their living situation , other siblings , and their mother , median age 80 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 32 and
3 survey 4 data
4 data 5 from
4 data 11 old
4 data 12 in
4 data 19 and
5 from 6 adults
6 adults 7 53
8 - 9 54
9 54 10 years
10 years 11 old
12 in 13 1993
13 1993 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 17 2,324
16 = 18 )
19 and 22 sibling
19 and 23 reported
19 and 32 and
20 a 22 sibling
21 random 22 sibling
23 reported 24 about
24 about 27 situation
25 their 27 situation
26 living 27 situation
27 situation 30 siblings
28 , 30 siblings
29 other 30 siblings
30 siblings 31 ,
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 mother
32 and 37 age
33 their 34 mother
35 , 37 age
36 median 37 age
37 age 38 80
37 age 39 .

results : logistic regressions revealed that mothers in poor health , who were older , and who had a daughter were more likely to live with a child . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mothers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 live
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 logistic
3 logistic 4 regressions
3 logistic 7 mothers
4 regressions 5 revealed
5 revealed 6 that
5 revealed 7 mothers
6 that 7 mothers
7 mothers 8 in
8 in 10 health
9 poor 10 health
10 health 12 who
11 , 12 who
12 who 13 were
12 who 15 ,
13 were 14 older
15 , 16 and
15 , 21 were
16 and 17 who
16 and 18 had
17 who 18 had
19 a 20 daughter
20 daughter 21 were
21 were 22 more
21 were 24 to
23 likely 24 to
24 to 25 live
25 live 26 with
26 with 28 child
27 a 28 child

among coresiding families , results from discrete choice conditional logit models showed that widowed mothers were more likely to live with an unmarried son than an unmarried daughter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 among 2 coresiding
1 among 4 ,
1 among 5 results
2 coresiding 3 families
5 results 6 from
5 results 12 showed
6 from 11 models
7 discrete 11 models
8 choice 11 models
9 conditional 11 models
10 logit 11 models
12 showed 15 mothers
12 showed 16 were
13 that 14 widowed
14 widowed 15 mothers
15 mothers 16 were
16 were 18 likely
17 more 18 likely
18 likely 19 to
18 likely 20 live
19 to 20 live
20 live 21 with
20 live 25 than
21 with 24 son
22 an 24 son
23 unmarried 24 son
25 than 28 daughter
26 an 27 unmarried
26 an 28 daughter
27 unmarried 28 daughter

married children were less likely to coreside than unmarried children , but married daughters were more likely than married sons to coreside . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 married
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 married 3 were
2 children 3 were
3 were 5 likely
4 less 5 likely
5 likely 6 to
5 likely 8 than
6 to 7 coreside
8 than 10 children
9 unmarried 10 children
11 , 12 but
12 but 14 daughters
12 but 15 were
13 married 14 daughters
14 daughters 15 were
15 were 17 likely
16 more 17 likely
17 likely 18 than
18 than 20 sons
18 than 21 to
19 married 20 sons
21 to 22 coreside

past [receipt] of financial help from parents was not associated with coresidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 past
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 past 3 of
1 past 8 was
3 of 5 help
4 financial 5 help
5 help 6 from
6 from 7 parents
8 was 9 not
8 was 11 with
9 not 10 associated
11 with 12 coresidence

coresidence was more likely for those with a close relationship with the mother . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 coresidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 coresidence 2 was
2 was 4 likely
3 more 4 likely
4 likely 5 for
4 likely 7 with
4 likely 11 with
5 for 6 those
7 with 10 relationship
8 a 9 close
8 a 10 relationship
9 close 10 relationship
11 with 13 mother
12 the 13 mother

discussion : the discussion considers coresidence as an intergenerational transfer and its importance for the contemporary aging society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 discussion
2 : 5 considers
3 the 4 discussion
4 discussion 5 considers
5 considers 6 coresidence
6 coresidence 7 as
6 coresidence 14 for
7 as 11 and
8 an 9 intergenerational
8 an 10 transfer
9 intergenerational 10 transfer
10 transfer 11 and
11 and 13 importance
12 its 13 importance
14 for 16 contemporary
15 the 16 contemporary
16 contemporary 17 aging
17 aging 18 society

data are needed on characteristics of all offspring to test theories about parent [-] child relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 data 2 are
2 are 3 needed
3 needed 4 on
3 needed 9 to
4 on 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 of
6 of 8 offspring
7 all 8 offspring
9 to 10 test
10 test 11 theories
10 test 12 about
12 about 16 relationships
13 parent 15 child
15 child 16 relationships

human - nucleotide - excision repair ( ner ) deficiency leads to different developmental and segmental progeroid symptoms of which the pathogenesis [is] only partially understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 human
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 - 3 nucleotide
2 - 4 -
2 - 11 leads
4 - 6 repair
5 excision 6 repair
6 repair 8 ner
7 ( 8 ner
8 ner 9 )
10 deficiency 11 leads
11 leads 12 to
11 leads 18 symptoms
12 to 17 progeroid
13 different 17 progeroid
14 developmental 15 and
15 and 16 segmental
15 and 17 progeroid
18 symptoms 19 of
18 symptoms 22 pathogenesis
18 symptoms 26 understood
19 of 20 which
21 the 22 pathogenesis
22 pathogenesis 26 understood
24 only 26 understood
25 partially 26 understood

to understand the biological impact of accumulating spontaneous dna damage , we studied the phenotypic consequences of dna - repair deficiency in caenorhabditis elegans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 2 understand
2 understand 5 impact
3 the 5 impact
4 biological 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
6 of 7 accumulating
7 accumulating 10 damage
8 spontaneous 10 damage
9 dna 10 damage
11 , 12 we
11 , 13 studied
11 , 19 -
12 we 13 studied
13 studied 16 consequences
14 the 16 consequences
15 phenotypic 16 consequences
16 consequences 17 of
17 of 18 dna
19 - 21 deficiency
19 - 24 elegans
20 repair 21 deficiency
21 deficiency 22 in
21 deficiency 24 elegans
22 in 23 caenorhabditis

we find that dna damage accumulation does not decrease the adult life span of post - mitotic tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 3 that
3 that 6 accumulation
3 that 9 decrease
4 dna 6 accumulation
5 damage 6 accumulation
6 accumulation 7 does
7 does 8 not
7 does 9 decrease
9 decrease 13 span
10 the 13 span
11 adult 13 span
12 life 13 span
13 span 14 of
14 of 15 post
16 - 18 tissue
17 mitotic 18 tissue

surprisingly , loss of functional ercc [-] 1/xpf even further extends the life span of long - [lived] daf - 2 mutants , likely through [an] adaptive activation of stress signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 extends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 surprisingly 2 ,
1 surprisingly 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
3 loss 11 extends
4 of 8 1/xpf
5 functional 8 1/xpf
6 ercc 8 1/xpf
9 even 11 extends
10 further 11 extends
11 extends 14 span
12 the 14 span
13 life 14 span
14 span 15 of
14 span 24 likely
15 of 19 daf
16 long 17 -
16 long 19 daf
19 daf 22 mutants
20 - 22 mutants
21 2 22 mutants
22 mutants 23 ,
24 likely 25 through
25 through 28 activation
27 adaptive 28 activation
28 activation 29 of
29 of 30 stress
30 stress 31 signaling

contrariwise , ner deficiency leads to a striking transgenerational decline in replicative capacity and viability of proliferating cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 contrariwise 2 ,
1 contrariwise 4 deficiency
3 ner 4 deficiency
4 deficiency 5 leads
5 leads 6 to
6 to 10 decline
7 a 8 striking
7 a 10 decline
8 striking 10 decline
9 transgenerational 10 decline
10 decline 11 in
10 decline 16 of
11 in 14 and
12 replicative 13 capacity
13 capacity 14 and
14 and 15 viability
16 of 18 cells
17 proliferating 18 cells

dna damage accumulation induces severe , stochastic impairment of development and growth , which is most pronounced in ner mutants that are also impaired in their response to ionizing radiation and inter - [strand] crosslinks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 dna 3 accumulation
2 damage 3 accumulation
3 accumulation 4 induces
4 induces 8 impairment
5 severe 6 ,
5 severe 8 impairment
7 stochastic 8 impairment
8 impairment 9 of
9 of 10 development
11 and 12 growth
11 and 35 crosslinks
12 growth 14 which
12 growth 35 crosslinks
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 is
14 which 33 -
15 is 16 most
15 is 17 pronounced
17 pronounced 18 in
18 in 19 ner
19 ner 20 mutants
19 ner 32 inter
20 mutants 21 that
20 mutants 22 are
20 mutants 31 and
21 that 22 are
22 are 23 also
24 impaired 25 in
24 impaired 30 radiation
24 impaired 31 and
25 in 27 response
26 their 27 response
27 response 28 to
28 to 29 ionizing
31 and 32 inter

these results suggest that multiple dna - repair pathways can protect against replicative [decline] and [indicate] that there might be a direct link between the severity of symptoms and the level of dna - repair deficiency in patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 dna
4 that 5 multiple
5 multiple 6 dna
7 - 8 repair
7 - 20 be
7 - 34 -
8 repair 9 pathways
8 repair 11 protect
8 repair 19 might
9 pathways 10 can
10 can 11 protect
11 protect 12 against
12 against 15 and
13 replicative 15 and
15 and 17 that
17 that 18 there
19 might 20 be
20 be 29 and
21 a 22 direct
21 a 23 link
22 direct 23 link
23 link 24 between
23 link 27 of
23 link 29 and
24 between 26 severity
25 the 26 severity
27 of 28 symptoms
29 and 31 level
29 and 32 of
30 the 31 level
32 of 33 dna
34 - 35 repair
35 repair 36 deficiency
35 repair 37 in
37 in 38 patients

the purpose of this study was to observe exercise training - induced effects on adiponectin , leptin , and ghrelin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 observe
7 to 8 observe
8 observe 10 training
9 exercise 10 training
10 training 13 effects
11 - 13 effects
12 induced 13 effects
13 effects 14 on
13 effects 16 ,
14 on 15 adiponectin
16 , 19 and
17 leptin 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 ghrelin

twenty - nine older , healthy participants were classified as physically active [(] comparison group : n = 15 , 70.9 ± 1.2 years [ )(or physically inactive [(] exercise group : n = 14 , 70.5 ± 1.4 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 twenty 3 nine
1 twenty 9 classified
1 twenty 15 group
2 - 3 nine
3 nine 7 participants
3 nine 8 were
3 nine 9 classified
4 older 5 ,
4 older 7 participants
6 healthy 7 participants
7 participants 8 were
9 classified 14 comparison
10 as 11 physically
11 physically 12 active
12 active 14 comparison
16 : 17 n
16 : 18 =
16 : 32 :
17 n 18 =
18 = 19 15
19 15 26 )(or
20 , 26 )(or
21 70.9 24 years
22 ± 24 years
23 1.2 24 years
24 years 26 )(or
26 )(or 31 group
26 )(or 32 :
27 physically 28 inactive
28 inactive 30 exercise
30 exercise 31 group
32 : 33 n
32 : 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 14
35 14 40 years
36 , 40 years
37 70.5 40 years
38 ± 40 years
39 1.4 40 years
40 years 41 )

exercise group participants completed 12 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training , whereas comparison group participants maintained their current level of exercise and served as a physically active comparison group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 exercise 3 participants
1 exercise 7 of
1 exercise 8 combined
2 group 3 participants
3 participants 4 completed
4 completed 6 weeks
5 12 6 weeks
6 weeks 7 of
8 combined 10 and
8 combined 15 whereas
9 aerobic 10 and
10 and 13 training
11 resistance 13 training
12 exercise 13 training
14 , 15 whereas
15 whereas 18 participants
16 comparison 18 participants
17 group 18 participants
18 participants 25 and
18 participants 32 group
19 maintained 22 level
19 maintained 25 and
20 their 22 level
21 current 22 level
22 level 23 of
23 of 24 exercise
25 and 26 served
25 and 27 as
27 as 31 comparison
28 a 31 comparison
29 physically 30 active
30 active 31 comparison

monocyte phenotype , as well as serum ghrelin , leptin , adiponectin , and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor ii were analyzed prior to [and] following the 12 - week period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phenotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 monocyte 2 phenotype
3 , 14 and
3 , 22 analyzed
3 , 29 -
4 as 5 well
4 as 14 and
6 as 8 ghrelin
6 as 9 ,
6 as 14 and
7 serum 8 ghrelin
10 leptin 11 ,
11 , 12 adiponectin
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 tumor
14 and 17 necrosis
14 and 18 factor
14 and 21 were
15 soluble 16 tumor
17 necrosis 18 factor
18 factor 19 receptor
19 receptor 20 ii
21 were 22 analyzed
22 analyzed 24 to
23 prior 24 to
24 to 26 following
26 following 28 12
27 the 28 12
29 - 31 period
30 week 31 period

ghrelin and adiponectin increased 47 [%] and 55 % , respectively , in exercise group participants following exercise training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 ghrelin 2 and
2 and 3 adiponectin
2 and 4 increased
4 increased 9 %
4 increased 11 respectively
4 increased 13 in
5 47 7 and
7 and 8 55
7 and 9 %
10 , 11 respectively
11 respectively 12 ,
13 in 16 participants
14 exercise 16 participants
15 group 16 participants
16 participants 17 following
17 following 19 training
18 exercise 19 training

percent change in ghrelin ( post and pre ) was negatively correlated with the percent change in cd14+cd16+ monocytes ( post and pre ) in exercise group participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 percent 2 change
2 change 3 in
2 change 7 and
2 change 10 was
3 in 4 ghrelin
5 ( 7 and
6 post 7 and
7 and 8 pre
7 and 9 )
10 was 12 correlated
11 negatively 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 with
12 correlated 17 in
12 correlated 25 in
13 with 16 change
14 the 16 change
15 percent 16 change
17 in 19 monocytes
18 cd14+cd16+ 19 monocytes
19 monocytes 22 and
20 ( 22 and
21 post 22 and
22 and 23 pre
22 and 24 )
25 in 28 participants
26 exercise 28 participants
27 group 28 participants

despite no changes [in] body mass , these data contribute to evidence for the anti - inflammatory effects of exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 despite 5 body
1 despite 6 mass
2 no 5 body
3 changes 5 body
7 , 9 data
7 , 10 contribute
8 these 9 data
9 data 10 contribute
10 contribute 11 to
11 to 12 evidence
12 evidence 13 for
13 for 18 effects
14 the 18 effects
15 anti 16 -
15 anti 18 effects
17 inflammatory 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
19 of 20 exercise

background : diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia from appendicular lean mass ( alm ) , strength , and performance have been proposed , but little is [known] regarding the progression of sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 diagnostic
2 : 14 ,
3 diagnostic 4 criteria
3 diagnostic 10 mass
3 diagnostic 12 alm
4 criteria 5 for
4 criteria 7 from
4 criteria 10 mass
5 for 6 sarcopenia
7 from 9 lean
8 appendicular 9 lean
11 ( 12 alm
12 alm 13 )
14 , 17 and
14 , 21 proposed
14 , 23 but
15 strength 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 performance
17 and 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 proposed
22 , 23 but
23 but 24 little
23 but 25 is
24 little 25 is
25 is 27 regarding
27 regarding 29 progression
28 the 29 progression
29 progression 30 of
30 of 31 sarcopenia

we examined the time course of sarcopenia and determinants of transitioning [toward] [and] away from sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 5 course
2 examined 14 away
2 examined 15 from
3 the 5 course
4 time 5 course
5 course 6 of
6 of 8 and
7 sarcopenia 8 and
8 and 9 determinants
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 transitioning
15 from 16 sarcopenia

methods : alm , gait speed , and grip strength were assessed seven times over 9 years in 2,928 initially well - functioning adults aged 70 - 79 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 8 and
2 : 11 were
3 alm 4 ,
4 , 6 speed
4 , 8 and
5 gait 6 speed
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 strength
8 and 11 were
9 grip 10 strength
11 were 14 times
11 were 27 -
12 assessed 14 times
13 seven 14 times
14 times 24 adults
14 times 25 aged
15 over 16 9
15 over 22 -
15 over 24 adults
16 9 17 years
16 9 21 well
17 years 18 in
17 years 21 well
18 in 19 2,928
20 initially 21 well
23 functioning 24 adults
24 adults 25 aged
26 70 27 -
27 - 28 79

presarcopenia was defined as low alm and sarcopenia as low alm with low performance or low strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 presarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 presarcopenia 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 4 as
3 defined 9 as
4 as 7 and
5 low 6 alm
6 alm 7 and
7 and 8 sarcopenia
9 as 15 or
10 low 11 alm
11 alm 12 with
11 alm 15 or
12 with 14 performance
13 low 14 performance
15 or 17 strength
16 low 17 strength

hidden markov modeling was used to characterize states of alm , strength , and performance and model transitions leading to sarcopenia and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 hidden 3 modeling
2 markov 3 modeling
3 modeling 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 20 to
6 to 16 and
7 characterize 14 and
7 characterize 16 and
8 states 9 of
8 states 11 ,
9 of 10 alm
11 , 12 strength
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 performance
16 and 17 model
17 model 18 transitions
18 transitions 19 leading
20 to 22 and
21 sarcopenia 22 and
22 and 23 death

determinants of [transitioning] [toward] [and] away from sarcopenia were examined with logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 determinants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 determinants 2 of
1 determinants 7 from
1 determinants 9 were
2 of 6 away
7 from 8 sarcopenia
9 were 10 examined
10 examined 11 with
11 with 13 regression
12 logistic 13 regression

results : initially , 54 % of participants had normal alm , strength , and performance ; 21 % had presarcopenia ; 5 % had sarcopenia ; and 20 % had intermediate characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 %
2 : 9 had
2 : 17 ;
2 : 34 .
3 initially 4 ,
3 initially 6 %
5 54 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 9 had
7 of 8 participants
9 had 11 alm
10 normal 11 alm
11 alm 15 and
12 , 15 and
13 strength 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 performance
15 and 17 ;
17 ; 19 %
17 ; 20 had
17 ; 22 ;
18 21 19 %
19 % 20 had
20 had 21 presarcopenia
22 ; 24 %
22 ; 25 had
22 ; 27 ;
23 5 24 %
24 % 25 had
25 had 26 sarcopenia
27 ; 28 and
28 and 30 %
28 and 31 had
29 20 30 %
30 % 31 had
31 had 33 characteristics
32 intermediate 33 characteristics

[of] participants with normal alm , strength , and performance , 1 % transitioned to presarcopenia and none transitioned to sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
2 participants 3 with
2 participants 9 and
3 with 5 alm
4 normal 5 alm
5 alm 7 strength
6 , 7 strength
7 strength 8 ,
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 performance
9 and 13 %
11 , 13 %
12 1 13 %
13 % 14 transitioned
13 % 19 transitioned
13 % 20 to
13 % 22 .
14 transitioned 15 to
15 to 17 and
16 presarcopenia 17 and
17 and 18 none
20 to 21 sarcopenia

the greatest transition to sarcopenia ( 7 % ) was in presarcopenic individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 transition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 greatest
1 the 3 transition
3 transition 4 to
3 transition 10 was
4 to 5 sarcopenia
5 sarcopenia 8 %
6 ( 8 %
7 7 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 was 11 in
11 in 13 individuals
12 presarcopenic 13 individuals

low - functioning and sarcopenia states were more likely to lead to death ( 12 [%] and 13 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 states
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 low 2 -
1 low 6 states
3 functioning 4 and
4 and 5 sarcopenia
4 and 6 states
6 states 7 were
7 were 9 likely
8 more 9 likely
9 likely 10 to
9 likely 11 lead
10 to 11 lead
11 lead 12 to
12 to 13 death
13 death 19 %
14 ( 19 %
15 12 17 and
17 and 18 13
17 and 19 %
19 % 20 )

[higher] [body] mass [index] ( p < [.] 001 ) and pain ( [p] = [.] 05 ) predicted transition toward sarcopenia , whereas moderate activity predicted transition from presarcopenia to more normal states ( p = [.] 02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
3 mass 7 <
5 ( 7 <
6 p 7 <
7 < 9 001
7 < 10 )
11 and 12 pain
11 and 19 predicted
12 pain 17 05
12 pain 19 predicted
13 ( 17 05
15 = 17 05
17 05 18 )
19 predicted 20 transition
19 predicted 21 toward
19 predicted 24 whereas
21 toward 22 sarcopenia
23 , 24 whereas
24 whereas 26 activity
24 whereas 27 predicted
24 whereas 40 )
25 moderate 26 activity
26 activity 27 predicted
27 predicted 28 transition
27 predicted 31 to
28 transition 29 from
29 from 30 presarcopenia
31 to 34 states
32 more 33 normal
33 normal 34 states
34 states 37 =
35 ( 37 =
36 p 37 =
37 = 39 02

conclusions : pain , physical activity , and body mass index , potentially modifiable factors , are determinants of transitions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 pain
4 , 8 and
4 , 17 are
5 physical 6 activity
6 activity 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 11 index
8 and 15 factors
8 and 17 are
9 body 11 index
10 mass 11 index
12 , 15 factors
13 potentially 14 modifiable
14 modifiable 15 factors
15 factors 16 ,
17 are 18 determinants
18 determinants 19 of
19 of 20 transitions

promotion of health approaching old age is important as few individuals transition away from their initial state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 promotion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 transition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 promotion 2 of
1 promotion 4 approaching
1 promotion 7 is
2 of 3 health
4 approaching 6 age
5 old 6 age
7 is 8 important
8 important 9 as
9 as 10 few
10 few 11 individuals
10 few 12 transition
11 individuals 12 transition
12 transition 13 away
12 transition 14 from
14 from 17 state
15 their 17 state
16 initial 17 state

identifying the downstream effects of disease - associated snps is challenging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 identifying 4 effects
1 identifying 7 -
1 identifying 9 snps
2 the 4 effects
3 downstream 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
5 of 6 disease
8 associated 9 snps
9 snps 10 is
10 is 11 challenging

to help overcome this problem , we performed expression quantitative trait locus ( eqtl ) meta - analysis [in] [non] - transformed peripheral blood samples from 5,311 individuals with replication [in] 2,775 individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 transformed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 2 help
2 help 3 overcome
3 overcome 5 problem
4 this 5 problem
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 performed
7 we 8 performed
8 performed 9 expression
9 expression 12 locus
9 expression 22 transformed
10 quantitative 11 trait
11 trait 12 locus
12 locus 18 analysis
12 locus 22 transformed
13 ( 18 analysis
14 eqtl 15 )
14 eqtl 18 analysis
16 meta 17 -
16 meta 18 analysis
18 analysis 21 -
22 transformed 25 samples
22 transformed 29 with
23 peripheral 24 blood
24 blood 25 samples
25 samples 26 from
26 from 28 individuals
27 5,311 28 individuals
29 with 30 replication
29 with 33 individuals
30 replication 32 2,775

we identified and replicated trans eqtls for 233 snps ( reflecting 103 independent loci ) that were previously associated with complex traits at genome [-] wide significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 3 and
2 identified 3 and
3 and 4 replicated
3 and 6 eqtls
5 trans 6 eqtls
6 eqtls 7 for
6 eqtls 16 that
6 eqtls 17 were
7 for 9 snps
8 233 9 snps
9 snps 11 reflecting
10 ( 11 reflecting
11 reflecting 14 loci
11 reflecting 15 )
12 103 14 loci
13 independent 14 loci
16 that 17 were
17 were 19 associated
18 previously 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 23 at
20 with 22 traits
21 complex 22 traits
23 at 27 significance
24 genome 27 significance
26 wide 27 significance

some of these snps affect multiple genes in trans that are known to be altered in individuals with disease : rs4917014 , previously associated with systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) , altered gene expression of c1qb and five type i interferon response genes , both hallmarks of sle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 rs4917014
1 some 2 of
1 some 5 affect
2 of 4 snps
3 these 4 snps
5 affect 7 genes
6 multiple 7 genes
7 genes 8 in
7 genes 10 that
7 genes 11 are
8 in 9 trans
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 known
12 known 13 to
12 known 16 in
12 known 18 with
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 altered
16 in 17 individuals
18 with 19 disease
20 : 21 rs4917014
21 rs4917014 24 associated
22 , 24 associated
23 previously 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 50 .
25 with 27 lupus
25 with 28 erythematosus
26 systemic 27 lupus
28 erythematosus 30 sle
28 erythematosus 35 expression
29 ( 30 sle
30 sle 31 )
32 , 35 expression
33 altered 34 gene
34 gene 35 expression
35 expression 36 of
35 expression 50 .
36 of 44 genes
37 c1qb 38 and
38 and 40 type
38 and 42 interferon
39 five 40 type
40 type 41 i
42 interferon 44 genes
43 response 44 genes
44 genes 47 hallmarks
45 , 47 hallmarks
46 both 47 hallmarks
47 hallmarks 48 of
47 hallmarks 50 .
48 of 49 sle

deepsage rna sequencing showed that rs4917014 strongly alters the 3 ['] utr levels of ikzf1 in cis , and chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing analysis of the trans - regulated genes implicated ikzf1 as the causal gene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sequencing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 deepsage 3 sequencing
2 rna 3 sequencing
3 sequencing 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 6 rs4917014
5 that 8 alters
6 rs4917014 8 alters
7 strongly 8 alters
8 alters 13 levels
8 alters 16 in
9 the 10 3
10 3 13 levels
12 utr 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 15 ikzf1
16 in 19 and
17 cis 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 chromatin
19 and 22 and
19 and 29 regulated
21 immunoprecipitation 22 and
22 and 24 analysis
22 and 28 -
22 and 29 regulated
23 sequencing 24 analysis
24 analysis 25 of
25 of 27 trans
26 the 27 trans
29 regulated 32 ikzf1
29 regulated 33 as
30 genes 31 implicated
31 implicated 32 ikzf1
33 as 36 gene
34 the 36 gene
35 causal 36 gene

variants associated with cholesterol metabolism and type 1 diabetes showed similar phenomena , indicating that large - scale eqtl mapping provides insight into the downstream effects of many [trait] - associated variants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 variants 2 associated
1 variants 3 with
1 variants 6 and
3 with 5 metabolism
4 cholesterol 5 metabolism
6 and 7 type
6 and 9 diabetes
6 and 10 showed
8 1 9 diabetes
9 diabetes 10 showed
10 showed 12 phenomena
10 showed 32 variants
11 similar 12 phenomena
12 phenomena 14 indicating
13 , 14 indicating
14 indicating 15 that
14 indicating 30 -
15 that 20 mapping
15 that 21 provides
16 large 17 -
16 large 20 mapping
18 scale 20 mapping
19 eqtl 20 mapping
20 mapping 21 provides
21 provides 22 insight
21 provides 23 into
23 into 26 effects
24 the 26 effects
25 downstream 26 effects
26 effects 27 of
27 of 28 many
31 associated 32 variants

the loss of complexity in physiological systems may be a dynamical biomarker of aging and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 8 may
3 of 4 complexity
4 complexity 5 in
5 in 7 systems
6 physiological 7 systems
8 may 9 be
9 be 15 and
10 a 11 dynamical
10 a 12 biomarker
11 dynamical 12 biomarker
12 biomarker 13 of
12 biomarker 15 and
13 of 14 aging
15 and 16 disease

in this study the effects of combined strength and endurance training compared with those of endurance training or strength training alone on heart rate ( hr ) complexity and traditional hr variability indices were examined in middle - aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 5 effects
2 this 3 study
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 39 aged
6 of 9 and
7 combined 8 strength
8 strength 9 and
9 and 37 middle
9 and 38 -
10 endurance 11 training
11 training 12 compared
11 training 29 and
12 compared 13 with
13 with 14 those
13 with 28 complexity
14 those 15 of
15 of 16 endurance
16 endurance 18 or
16 endurance 24 rate
16 endurance 26 hr
17 training 18 or
18 or 20 training
18 or 21 alone
18 or 24 rate
19 strength 20 training
21 alone 22 on
22 on 23 heart
25 ( 26 hr
26 hr 27 )
29 and 31 hr
29 and 33 indices
29 and 36 in
29 and 37 middle
30 traditional 31 hr
32 variability 33 indices
33 indices 34 were
34 were 35 examined
35 examined 36 in
39 aged 40 women

continuous hr time series were obtained during supine rest and submaximal steady state exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 series
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 continuous 2 hr
2 hr 4 series
3 time 4 series
4 series 5 were
5 were 6 obtained
6 obtained 7 during
7 during 10 and
8 supine 9 rest
9 rest 10 and
10 and 14 exercise
11 submaximal 13 state
12 steady 13 state
13 state 14 exercise

the complexity of hr dynamics was assessed using multiscale entropy analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 complexity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 complexity
2 complexity 3 of
2 complexity 6 was
3 of 5 dynamics
4 hr 5 dynamics
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 using
8 using 11 analysis
9 multiscale 11 analysis
10 entropy 11 analysis

in addition , standard time and frequency domain measures were also computed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 6 and
1 in 10 were
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 5 time
3 , 6 and
4 standard 5 time
6 and 7 frequency
8 domain 9 measures
9 measures 10 were
10 were 12 computed
11 also 12 computed

endurance training led to increases in hr complexity and selected time and frequency domain measures of hr variability ( p<0.01 ) when measured during exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 endurance 2 training
2 training 3 led
3 led 4 to
4 to 9 and
5 increases 6 in
5 increases 9 and
6 in 8 complexity
7 hr 8 complexity
9 and 10 selected
9 and 18 variability
9 and 22 when
9 and 24 during
11 time 12 and
12 and 15 measures
12 and 16 of
12 and 18 variability
13 frequency 15 measures
14 domain 15 measures
16 of 17 hr
18 variability 20 p<0.01
19 ( 20 p<0.01
20 p<0.01 21 )
22 when 23 measured
24 during 25 exercise

combined strength and endurance training or strength training alone did not produce significant changes in hr dynamics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 combined 2 strength
1 combined 3 and
3 and 12 produce
4 endurance 5 training
5 training 6 or
6 or 8 training
6 or 10 did
7 strength 8 training
9 alone 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 produce
12 produce 14 changes
12 produce 15 in
13 significant 14 changes
15 in 17 dynamics
16 hr 17 dynamics

[inter] - subject heterogeneity of responses was particularly noticeable in the combined training group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 - 4 heterogeneity
3 subject 4 heterogeneity
4 heterogeneity 5 of
4 heterogeneity 7 was
5 of 6 responses
7 was 9 noticeable
8 particularly 9 noticeable
9 noticeable 10 in
10 in 14 group
11 the 14 group
12 combined 13 training
13 training 14 group

at supine rest , no training - induced changes in hr parameters were observed in any of the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 at 3 rest
1 at 9 changes
2 supine 3 rest
3 rest 6 training
4 , 6 training
5 no 6 training
6 training 7 -
8 induced 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
9 changes 13 were
10 in 12 parameters
11 hr 12 parameters
13 were 14 observed
14 observed 15 in
15 in 16 any
16 any 17 of
17 of 19 groups
18 the 19 groups

the present findings emphasize the potential utility of endurance training in increasing the complex variability of hr in middle [-] aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emphasize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 findings
2 present 3 findings
3 findings 4 emphasize
4 emphasize 7 utility
4 emphasize 11 in
4 emphasize 18 in
5 the 7 utility
6 potential 7 utility
7 utility 8 of
8 of 10 training
9 endurance 10 training
11 in 12 increasing
12 increasing 15 variability
13 the 15 variability
14 complex 15 variability
15 variability 16 of
16 of 17 hr
18 in 22 women
19 middle 21 aged
21 aged 22 women

further studies are needed to explore the combined endurance and strength training adaptations and possible gender and age related factors , as well as other mechanisms , that may mediate the effects of different training regimens on hr dynamics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 explore
6 explore 9 endurance
7 the 9 endurance
8 combined 9 endurance
10 and 17 and
10 and 27 ,
11 strength 12 training
11 strength 14 and
12 training 13 adaptations
14 and 16 gender
14 and 17 and
15 possible 16 gender
17 and 18 age
17 and 19 related
17 and 27 ,
20 factors 21 ,
20 factors 23 well
20 factors 24 as
20 factors 27 ,
22 as 23 well
24 as 26 mechanisms
25 other 26 mechanisms
27 , 30 mediate
27 , 37 on
28 that 29 may
29 may 30 mediate
30 mediate 32 effects
31 the 32 effects
32 effects 33 of
33 of 36 regimens
34 different 35 training
35 training 36 regimens
37 on 39 dynamics
38 hr 39 dynamics

purpose : to measure choroidal thickness ( ct ) in children of various ages by using spectral optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging [and] to investigate the association between subfoveal ct and ocular axial length , age , gender , weight , and height in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 measure
3 to 4 measure
4 measure 6 thickness
4 measure 10 in
5 choroidal 6 thickness
6 thickness 8 ct
7 ( 8 ct
8 ct 9 )
10 in 11 children
11 children 12 of
11 children 15 by
12 of 14 ages
13 various 14 ages
15 by 16 using
16 using 19 coherence
16 using 26 to
17 spectral 19 coherence
18 optical 19 coherence
19 coherence 20 tomography
20 tomography 21 with
21 with 24 imaging
22 enhanced 23 depth
23 depth 24 imaging
26 to 27 investigate
27 investigate 44 and
27 investigate 46 in
28 the 29 association
29 association 30 between
29 association 33 and
30 between 32 ct
31 subfoveal 32 ct
33 and 36 length
33 and 38 age
33 and 40 gender
33 and 42 weight
33 and 44 and
34 ocular 36 length
35 axial 36 length
37 , 38 age
38 age 39 ,
39 , 40 gender
40 gender 41 ,
41 , 42 weight
42 weight 43 ,
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 height
46 in 47 children

methods : healthy children were prospectively included between may and august 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 children
2 : 7 included
2 : 13 .
3 healthy 4 children
4 children 5 were
5 were 6 prospectively
5 were 7 included
7 included 8 between
8 between 10 and
9 may 10 and
10 and 11 august
11 august 12 2012

optical coherence tomography with the enhanced depth imaging system ( spectralis , heidelberg , germany ) was used for choroidal imaging at nine defined points of the macula of both eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 coherence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 optical 2 coherence
2 coherence 3 tomography
2 coherence 17 was
3 tomography 4 with
4 with 9 system
5 the 9 system
6 enhanced 9 system
7 depth 9 system
8 imaging 9 system
9 system 11 spectralis
9 system 15 germany
10 ( 11 spectralis
11 spectralis 13 heidelberg
11 spectralis 14 ,
12 , 13 heidelberg
13 heidelberg 14 ,
14 , 15 germany
15 germany 16 )
17 was 18 used
18 used 19 for
18 used 22 at
19 for 21 imaging
20 choroidal 21 imaging
22 at 25 points
23 nine 25 points
24 defined 25 points
25 points 26 of
26 of 28 macula
27 the 28 macula
28 macula 29 of
29 of 31 eyes
30 both 31 eyes

axial length was measured using iolmaster ( carl zeiss meditec , dublin , ca ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 axial 2 length
2 length 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 using
5 using 6 iolmaster
6 iolmaster 10 meditec
6 iolmaster 12 dublin
6 iolmaster 14 ca
7 ( 10 meditec
8 carl 9 zeiss
9 zeiss 10 meditec
10 meditec 11 ,
11 , 12 dublin
12 dublin 13 ,
13 , 14 ca
14 ca 15 )