an ancova was performed with age group as a [between] [-] subjects variable ( third age , fourth age ) and gender , educational level , marital status , type of fracture , type of surgery , presence of other fractures and bmi as covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ancova
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 an 2 ancova
2 ancova 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 with
5 with 21 and
6 age 7 group
7 group 8 as
7 group 21 and
8 as 13 variable
9 a 13 variable
12 subjects 13 variable
13 variable 16 age
13 variable 19 age
14 ( 16 age
15 third 16 age
16 age 17 ,
17 , 19 age
18 fourth 19 age
19 age 20 )
21 and 22 gender
23 , 42 and
24 educational 28 status
25 level 26 ,
25 level 28 status
27 marital 28 status
28 status 29 ,
29 , 31 of
29 , 33 ,
30 type 31 of
31 of 32 fracture
33 , 35 of
33 , 37 ,
34 type 35 of
35 of 36 surgery
37 , 38 presence
37 , 42 and
38 presence 39 of
39 of 41 fractures
40 other 41 fractures
42 and 43 bmi
42 and 44 as
44 as 45 covariates

results : patients in the third - age group obtained significantly higher values in the barthel index ( p = 0.040 ) and the tinetti mobility test ( p = 0.001 ) and lower values in the goldberg general health questionnaire ( p = 0.035 ) compared to the fourth - age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 33 and
2 : 51 -
2 : 54 .
3 patients 4 in
3 patients 23 and
4 in 6 third
5 the 6 third
6 third 13 values
7 - 13 values
8 age 9 group
9 group 10 obtained
10 obtained 13 values
11 significantly 12 higher
12 higher 13 values
13 values 14 in
13 values 20 =
13 values 22 )
14 in 17 index
15 the 17 index
16 barthel 17 index
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.040
20 = 22 )
23 and 27 test
23 and 30 =
23 and 33 and
24 the 27 test
25 tinetti 26 mobility
26 mobility 27 test
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.001
30 = 32 )
33 and 35 values
33 and 36 in
33 and 47 compared
33 and 48 to
34 lower 35 values
36 in 41 questionnaire
37 the 39 general
38 goldberg 39 general
39 general 41 questionnaire
40 health 41 questionnaire
41 questionnaire 44 =
42 ( 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 45 0.035
44 = 46 )
48 to 50 fourth
49 the 50 fourth
51 - 53 group
52 age 53 group

when bmi was considered , significance was maintained only in the tinetti mobility test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 when 2 bmi
1 when 4 considered
1 when 5 ,
1 when 6 significance
2 bmi 3 was
3 was 4 considered
6 significance 7 was
7 was 8 maintained
8 maintained 9 only
9 only 10 in
10 in 14 test
11 the 14 test
12 tinetti 13 mobility
13 mobility 14 test

conclusions : the bmi could be a relevant mediator of the relationship between functional [decline] and the aging process in the transition between third to fourth age in females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 bmi
2 : 6 be
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 bmi
4 bmi 5 could
5 could 6 be
6 be 9 mediator
6 be 13 between
7 a 8 relevant
7 a 9 mediator
8 relevant 9 mediator
9 mediator 10 of
10 of 12 relationship
11 the 12 relationship
13 between 19 process
14 functional 16 and
16 and 18 aging
16 and 19 process
17 the 18 aging
19 process 20 in
19 process 25 to
20 in 22 transition
21 the 22 transition
22 transition 23 between
23 between 24 third
25 to 27 age
26 fourth 27 age
27 age 28 in
28 in 29 females

the integration of frailty measures in clinical practice is crucial for the development of interventions against disabling conditions in older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 integration
2 integration 3 of
2 integration 9 is
3 of 5 measures
4 frailty 5 measures
5 measures 6 in
6 in 8 practice
7 clinical 8 practice
9 is 10 crucial
10 crucial 11 for
10 crucial 16 against
11 for 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 15 interventions
16 against 17 disabling
17 disabling 18 conditions
17 disabling 19 in
19 in 21 persons
20 older 21 persons

the frailty phenotype [(] proposed and validated by fried and colleagues in the cardiovascular health study ) and the frailty index [(] proposed and validated by rockwood and colleagues in the canadian study of health and aging ) represent the most known operational definitions of frailty in older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 3 phenotype
2 frailty 3 phenotype
3 phenotype 6 and
3 phenotype 10 and
5 proposed 6 and
6 and 7 validated
6 and 8 by
8 by 9 fried
10 and 11 colleagues
10 and 17 )
10 and 18 and
11 colleagues 12 in
12 in 16 study
13 the 16 study
14 cardiovascular 15 health
15 health 16 study
18 and 21 index
18 and 24 and
19 the 21 index
20 frailty 21 index
23 proposed 24 and
24 and 25 validated
24 and 26 by
24 and 30 in
24 and 41 most
24 and 44 definitions
26 by 28 and
27 rockwood 28 and
28 and 29 colleagues
30 in 32 canadian
31 the 32 canadian
32 canadian 36 and
32 canadian 39 represent
33 study 34 of
33 study 36 and
34 of 35 health
36 and 37 aging
36 and 38 )
36 and 39 represent
40 the 41 most
42 known 44 definitions
43 operational 44 definitions
44 definitions 45 of
44 definitions 47 in
45 of 46 frailty
47 in 49 persons
48 older 49 persons

unfortunately , they are often wrongly considered as alternatives [and/or] substitutables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 3 they
3 they 4 are
4 are 5 often
4 are 7 considered
6 wrongly 7 considered
7 considered 8 as
7 considered 11 substitutables
8 as 9 alternatives

these two instruments are indeed [very] different and [should] rather [be] [considered] as complementary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 instruments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 two
2 two 3 instruments
3 instruments 4 are
4 are 5 indeed
4 are 8 and
7 different 8 and
8 and 10 rather
8 and 14 complementary
13 as 14 complementary

in the present paper , we discuss about the designs and rationals of the two instruments , proposing the correct ways for having them implemented in the clinical setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 proposing
1 in 4 paper
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 paper
3 present 4 paper
6 we 7 discuss
7 discuss 8 about
7 discuss 18 proposing
8 about 11 and
9 the 10 designs
10 designs 11 and
11 and 12 rationals
11 and 17 ,
12 rationals 13 of
13 of 16 instruments
14 the 15 two
15 two 16 instruments
18 proposing 21 ways
18 proposing 26 in
18 proposing 30 .
19 the 21 ways
20 correct 21 ways
21 ways 22 for
21 ways 25 implemented
22 for 23 having
23 having 24 them
26 in 29 setting
27 the 29 setting
28 clinical 29 setting

therapeutic management of gait [and] balance impairment during aging and neurodegeneration has long been a neglected topic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 therapeutic 2 management
2 management 3 of
2 management 12 has
3 of 7 impairment
4 gait 7 impairment
6 balance 7 impairment
7 impairment 8 during
8 during 10 and
9 aging 10 and
10 and 11 neurodegeneration
12 has 14 been
13 long 14 been
14 been 17 topic
15 a 17 topic
16 neglected 17 topic

the initial experience with these emerging treatments is encouraging , although much work remains to be done . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
1 the 3 experience
2 initial 3 experience
3 experience 4 with
3 experience 8 is
4 with 7 treatments
5 these 7 treatments
6 emerging 7 treatments
8 is 9 encouraging
9 encouraging 11 although
10 , 11 although
11 although 13 work
11 although 14 remains
11 although 18 .
12 much 13 work
13 work 14 remains
14 remains 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 done

the objective of this narrative review is to discuss several promising developments in the field [of] gait and balance treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 18 and
3 of 5 narrative
4 this 5 narrative
5 narrative 6 review
5 narrative 9 discuss
6 review 7 is
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 discuss
8 to 9 discuss
9 discuss 12 developments
10 several 12 developments
11 promising 12 developments
12 developments 13 in
13 in 17 gait
14 the 17 gait
15 field 17 gait
18 and 20 treatment
19 balance 20 treatment

we also address several pitfalls that can potentially hinder a fast and efficient continuation of this vital progress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 3 address
2 also 3 address
3 address 5 pitfalls
4 several 5 pitfalls
5 pitfalls 6 that
5 pitfalls 7 can
6 that 7 can
7 can 9 hinder
8 potentially 9 hinder
9 hinder 12 and
10 a 11 fast
11 fast 12 and
12 and 14 continuation
12 and 15 of
13 efficient 14 continuation
15 of 18 progress
16 this 17 vital
17 vital 18 progress

important issues that should be considered in future research include a clear differentiation between gait [and] balance as two distinctive targets for treatment and recognition of compensatory mechanisms as a separate target for therapeutic intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 important 2 issues
2 issues 3 that
2 issues 4 should
2 issues 10 include
3 that 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 considered
6 considered 7 in
7 in 9 research
8 future 9 research
10 include 13 differentiation
10 include 14 between
11 a 13 differentiation
12 clear 13 differentiation
14 between 24 and
15 gait 17 balance
17 balance 18 as
17 balance 22 for
17 balance 24 and
18 as 21 targets
19 two 21 targets
20 distinctive 21 targets
22 for 23 treatment
24 and 25 recognition
25 recognition 26 of
25 recognition 29 as
26 of 28 mechanisms
27 compensatory 28 mechanisms
29 as 32 target
30 a 31 separate
30 a 32 target
31 separate 32 target
32 target 33 for
33 for 35 intervention
34 therapeutic 35 intervention

gait is emerging as a powerful measurement tool in neurodegenerative disorders to identify markers of incipient pathology , inform diagnostic algorithms and disease progression , and measure the efficacy of interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gait
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 gait 2 is
2 is 3 emerging
3 emerging 4 as
3 emerging 12 to
4 as 8 tool
5 a 8 tool
6 powerful 7 measurement
7 measurement 8 tool
8 tool 9 in
9 in 11 disorders
10 neurodegenerative 11 disorders
12 to 18 ,
13 identify 14 markers
13 identify 18 ,
14 markers 15 of
15 of 17 pathology
16 incipient 17 pathology
18 , 19 inform
18 , 29 efficacy
19 inform 26 and
20 diagnostic 21 algorithms
21 algorithms 22 and
22 and 24 progression
22 and 26 and
23 disease 24 progression
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 measure
28 the 29 efficacy
29 efficacy 30 of
30 of 31 interventions

however , it is unclear which of the many gait outcomes is most appropriate for each of these purposes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 unclear
5 unclear 6 which
6 which 7 of
6 which 12 is
7 of 11 outcomes
8 the 9 many
9 many 11 outcomes
10 gait 11 outcomes
12 is 14 appropriate
13 most 14 appropriate
14 appropriate 15 for
15 for 19 purposes
16 each 17 of
16 each 19 purposes
17 of 19 purposes
18 these 19 purposes

in this review , we summarise key topics relating to gait measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 summarise
6 summarise 8 topics
7 key 8 topics
8 topics 9 relating
9 relating 10 to
10 to 12 measurement
11 gait 12 measurement

we draw on literature from parkinson 's disease , ageing , and neurodegenerative disease to address the issue of variable selection with the goal of moving toward a structured approach to measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 draw
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 draw
2 draw 3 on
2 draw 5 from
3 on 4 literature
5 from 12 and
6 parkinson 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 9 ,
9 , 10 ageing
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 disease
12 and 15 to
12 and 16 address
13 neurodegenerative 14 disease
15 to 16 address
16 address 18 issue
17 the 18 issue
18 issue 19 of
19 of 21 selection
20 variable 21 selection
21 selection 22 with
21 selection 25 of
22 with 24 goal
23 the 24 goal
25 of 26 moving
26 moving 27 toward
26 moving 31 to
27 toward 30 approach
28 a 30 approach
29 structured 30 approach
31 to 32 measurement

findings from this review identify a wide range of spatiotemporal and dynamic characteristics ; however , their suitability differs according to the aim of measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 findings 2 from
1 findings 5 identify
2 from 4 review
3 this 4 review
5 identify 8 range
6 a 7 wide
6 a 8 range
7 wide 8 range
8 range 9 of
9 of 13 characteristics
10 spatiotemporal 11 and
11 and 12 dynamic
11 and 13 characteristics
14 ; 18 suitability
14 ; 19 differs
15 however 16 ,
15 however 18 suitability
17 their 18 suitability
18 suitability 19 differs
19 differs 21 to
20 according 21 to
21 to 23 aim
22 the 23 aim
23 aim 24 of
24 of 25 measurement

gait speed is useful as a global characteristic of performance but may not capture the nature of underlying pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 gait 2 speed
2 speed 11 but
3 is 4 useful
3 is 11 but
4 useful 5 as
5 as 8 characteristic
6 a 7 global
6 a 8 characteristic
7 global 8 characteristic
8 characteristic 9 of
9 of 10 performance
11 but 12 may
12 may 13 not
12 may 14 capture
14 capture 16 nature
15 the 16 nature
16 nature 17 of
17 of 18 underlying
18 underlying 19 pathology

inconsistent application , reporting , and interpretation of gait outcomes currently preclude a prescriptive approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 preclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 inconsistent 2 application
2 application 3 ,
3 , 4 reporting
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 7 interpretation
6 and 8 of
6 and 12 preclude
8 of 10 outcomes
9 gait 10 outcomes
11 currently 12 preclude
12 preclude 15 approach
13 a 14 prescriptive
13 a 15 approach
14 prescriptive 15 approach

conceptual models [of] [gait] may facilitate a [reasoned] approach [to] outcome selection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 conceptual 2 models
2 models 5 may
5 may 6 facilitate
6 facilitate 12 selection
7 a 12 selection
9 approach 12 selection
11 outcome 12 selection

we also recommend harmonisation of protocols , longitudinal cohort studies , and use of novel technologies and methods of analysis to provide a complete picture of gait . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recommend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 3 recommend
2 also 3 recommend
3 recommend 4 harmonisation
4 harmonisation 5 of
5 of 12 and
6 protocols 7 ,
7 , 10 studies
7 , 12 and
8 longitudinal 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 studies
11 , 12 and
12 and 27 gait
13 use 14 of
13 use 17 and
14 of 16 technologies
15 novel 16 technologies
17 and 18 methods
17 and 19 of
17 and 21 to
17 and 26 of
17 and 27 gait
19 of 20 analysis
21 to 22 provide
22 provide 25 picture
23 a 24 complete
23 a 25 picture
24 complete 25 picture
25 picture 26 of

gait characteristics are " fit for purpose " when selected according to a clear rationale and in accordance with their clinimetric properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 gait 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 are
3 are 4 "
3 are 5 fit
5 fit 6 for
5 fit 9 when
5 fit 11 according
5 fit 19 with
6 for 7 purpose
7 purpose 8 "
9 when 10 selected
11 according 16 and
12 to 15 rationale
12 to 16 and
13 a 14 clear
13 a 15 rationale
14 clear 15 rationale
16 and 17 in
17 in 18 accordance
19 with 22 properties
20 their 22 properties
21 clinimetric 22 properties

evidence supports the use of [gait] as a biomarker of disease [and] to complement diagnosis and inform disease management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 evidence 2 supports
2 supports 4 use
2 supports 13 to
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
5 of 7 as
7 as 9 biomarker
8 a 9 biomarker
9 biomarker 10 of
10 of 11 disease
13 to 16 and
14 complement 15 diagnosis
14 complement 16 and
16 and 17 inform
17 inform 19 management
18 disease 19 management

a structured approach to measurement is urgently required to fully realise the contribution gait can [make] to our understanding of neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 3 approach
2 structured 3 approach
3 approach 4 to
3 approach 6 is
4 to 5 measurement
6 is 8 required
7 urgently 8 required
8 required 9 to
8 required 11 realise
9 to 11 realise
10 fully 11 realise
11 realise 15 can
11 realise 17 to
12 the 15 can
13 contribution 15 can
14 gait 15 can
17 to 19 understanding
18 our 19 understanding
19 understanding 20 of
20 of 22 disease
21 neurodegenerative 22 disease

dementia and gait impairments often coexist in older adults and patients with neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 coexist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 dementia 2 and
2 and 4 impairments
2 and 6 coexist
3 gait 4 impairments
5 often 6 coexist
6 coexist 7 in
6 coexist 12 with
7 in 10 and
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 and
10 and 11 patients
12 with 14 disease
13 neurodegenerative 14 disease

both conditions represent independent risk factors [for] [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 both 2 conditions
2 conditions 3 represent
3 represent 6 factors
4 independent 6 factors
5 risk 6 factors

the relationship between cognitive [function] and gait has recently received increasing attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 8 has
3 between 6 and
4 cognitive 6 and
6 and 7 gait
8 has 10 received
9 recently 10 received
10 received 12 attention
11 increasing 12 attention

gait is no longer considered merely automated motor activity but rather an activity that requires executive function [and] attention as well as judgment of external and internal cues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gait
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 gait 2 is
2 is 4 longer
2 is 5 considered
3 no 4 longer
5 considered 9 activity
5 considered 22 as
6 merely 7 automated
7 automated 8 motor
8 motor 9 activity
9 activity 10 but
9 activity 14 that
9 activity 15 requires
10 but 11 rather
10 but 13 activity
12 an 13 activity
14 that 15 requires
15 requires 19 attention
16 executive 17 function
17 function 19 attention
20 as 21 well
21 well 22 as
22 as 23 judgment
23 judgment 24 of
24 of 28 cues
25 external 26 and
26 and 27 internal
26 and 28 cues

in this review , we intend [to] : [(] 1 [ )( [and] synthesize the experimental , neuropsychological , and neuroimaging evidence that supports the role played by cognition in the control of gait [;] [and] [(] 2 [ )(briefly discuss the implications deriving from the interplay between cognition and gait . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 intend
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 intend
6 intend 8 :
8 : 10 1
8 : 14 synthesize
10 1 14 synthesize
14 synthesize 20 and
15 the 16 experimental
16 experimental 17 ,
17 , 18 neuropsychological
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 evidence
20 and 23 that
20 and 24 supports
21 neuroimaging 22 evidence
23 that 24 supports
24 supports 26 role
24 supports 28 by
25 the 26 role
26 role 27 played
28 by 29 cognition
29 cognition 30 in
29 cognition 33 of
29 cognition 38 2
29 cognition 41 discuss
30 in 32 control
31 the 32 control
33 of 34 gait
38 2 41 discuss
40 )(briefly 41 discuss
41 discuss 43 implications
41 discuss 45 from
41 discuss 48 between
42 the 43 implications
43 implications 44 deriving
45 from 47 interplay
46 the 47 interplay
48 between 50 and
49 cognition 50 and
50 and 51 gait
50 and 52 .

in recent years , the dual task paradigm has been widely used as an experimental method to explore the interplay between gait [and] cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 paradigm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 years
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 paradigm
2 recent 3 years
5 the 8 paradigm
6 dual 7 task
7 task 8 paradigm
8 paradigm 9 has
9 has 10 been
10 been 12 used
11 widely 12 used
12 used 13 as
12 used 17 to
12 used 18 explore
13 as 16 method
14 an 15 experimental
14 an 16 method
15 experimental 16 method
17 to 18 explore
18 explore 20 interplay
18 explore 21 between
19 the 20 interplay
21 between 24 cognition
22 gait 24 cognition

several neuropsychological investigations have also demonstrated that walking relies on the use of several cognitive domains , including executive - attentional function , visuospatial abilities , and even memory resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 several 3 investigations
2 neuropsychological 3 investigations
3 investigations 4 have
4 have 6 demonstrated
5 also 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 7 that
6 demonstrated 9 relies
7 that 8 walking
7 that 9 relies
9 relies 10 on
9 relies 18 including
10 on 12 use
11 the 12 use
12 use 13 of
13 of 16 domains
14 several 16 domains
15 cognitive 16 domains
17 , 18 including
18 including 19 executive
18 including 20 -
20 - 22 function
20 - 23 ,
20 - 31 .
21 attentional 22 function
23 , 27 and
24 visuospatial 25 abilities
25 abilities 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 resources
28 even 29 memory
29 memory 30 resources

a number of morphological and functional neuroimaging studies have offered additional evidence supporting the relationship [between] gait and cognitive resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 offered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 8 studies
3 of 8 studies
4 morphological 5 and
5 and 6 functional
5 and 8 studies
7 neuroimaging 8 studies
8 studies 9 have
9 have 10 offered
10 offered 12 evidence
10 offered 18 and
11 additional 12 evidence
12 evidence 13 supporting
13 supporting 17 gait
14 the 17 gait
15 relationship 17 gait
18 and 20 resources
19 cognitive 20 resources

based on the findings from 3 lines of studies , it appears that a growing body of evidence indicates a pivotal role of cognition in gait control and fall prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 10 ,
1 based 11 it
2 on 4 findings
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 from
4 findings 8 of
5 from 7 lines
6 3 7 lines
8 of 9 studies
11 it 12 appears
12 appears 13 that
13 that 16 body
13 that 19 indicates
14 a 16 body
15 growing 16 body
16 body 17 of
16 body 19 indicates
17 of 18 evidence
19 indicates 22 role
19 indicates 25 in
20 a 21 pivotal
20 a 22 role
21 pivotal 22 role
22 role 23 of
23 of 24 cognition
25 in 28 and
26 gait 27 control
27 control 28 and
28 and 30 prevention
29 fall 30 prevention

the interplay between higher - order neural function and gait has a number of clinical implications , ranging from integrated assessment tools to possible innovative lines of interventions , including cognitive therapy for [falls] prevention on one hand and [walking] program for reducing dementia risk on the other . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interplay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 has
1 the 2 interplay
2 interplay 3 between
2 interplay 11 has
3 between 9 and
4 higher 5 -
4 higher 6 order
6 order 8 function
7 neural 8 function
8 function 9 and
9 and 10 gait
11 has 13 number
12 a 13 number
13 number 14 of
13 number 18 ranging
14 of 16 implications
15 clinical 16 implications
17 , 18 ranging
18 ranging 19 from
18 ranging 22 tools
19 from 21 assessment
20 integrated 21 assessment
22 tools 23 to
22 tools 27 of
23 to 26 lines
24 possible 26 lines
25 innovative 26 lines
27 of 28 interventions
28 interventions 39 and
29 , 39 and
30 including 32 therapy
31 cognitive 32 therapy
32 therapy 33 for
32 therapy 39 and
33 for 35 prevention
35 prevention 36 on
36 on 38 hand
37 one 38 hand
39 and 41 program
39 and 42 for
39 and 49 .
42 for 43 reducing
43 reducing 45 risk
43 reducing 46 on
44 dementia 45 risk
46 on 48 other
47 the 48 other

successful locomotion depends on postural control to [establish] [and] maintain appropriate postural orientation of body segments relative to one another and to the environment [and] to ensure dynamic stability of the moving body . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 locomotion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 maintain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 successful 2 locomotion
2 locomotion 3 depends
3 depends 4 on
3 depends 7 to
4 on 6 control
5 postural 6 control
7 to 10 maintain
10 maintain 13 orientation
11 appropriate 13 orientation
12 postural 13 orientation
13 orientation 14 of
14 of 16 segments
15 body 16 segments
16 segments 17 relative
17 relative 21 and
17 relative 26 to
17 relative 27 ensure
18 to 20 another
18 to 21 and
19 one 20 another
21 and 22 to
22 to 24 environment
23 the 24 environment
26 to 27 ensure
27 ensure 29 stability
28 dynamic 29 stability
29 stability 30 of
30 of 33 body
31 the 33 body
32 moving 33 body

this article provides a framework for considering dynamic postural control , highlighting the importance of coordination , consistency , and challenges to postural control posed by various locomotor tasks [,] such as turning and [backward] walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 20 and
3 provides 5 framework
3 provides 20 and
4 a 5 framework
5 framework 6 for
5 framework 12 highlighting
6 for 7 considering
7 considering 10 control
8 dynamic 10 control
9 postural 10 control
11 , 12 highlighting
12 highlighting 14 importance
12 highlighting 19 ,
13 the 14 importance
14 importance 15 of
14 importance 18 consistency
15 of 16 coordination
17 , 18 consistency
18 consistency 19 ,
20 and 21 challenges
20 and 22 to
22 to 24 control
23 postural 24 control
24 control 34 and
25 posed 26 by
25 posed 34 and
26 by 29 tasks
27 various 28 locomotor
28 locomotor 29 tasks
29 tasks 32 as
31 such 32 as
32 as 33 turning
34 and 36 walking

the impacts of aging and various movement disorders on postural control are discussed broadly in an effort to provide a general overview of the field and recommendations for assessment of dynamic postural control across different populations in both clinical and research settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 impacts
2 impacts 3 of
2 impacts 5 and
3 of 4 aging
5 and 7 movement
5 and 8 disorders
5 and 12 are
5 and 13 discussed
5 and 26 and
6 various 7 movement
8 disorders 9 on
8 disorders 12 are
9 on 11 control
10 postural 11 control
13 discussed 14 broadly
13 discussed 15 in
13 discussed 18 to
15 in 17 effort
16 an 17 effort
18 to 19 provide
19 provide 22 overview
20 a 21 general
20 a 22 overview
21 general 22 overview
22 overview 23 of
23 of 25 field
24 the 25 field
26 and 27 recommendations
26 and 30 of
27 recommendations 28 for
28 for 29 assessment
30 of 33 control
31 dynamic 33 control
32 postural 33 control
33 control 34 across
33 control 37 in
34 across 36 populations
35 different 36 populations
37 in 40 and
38 both 40 and
39 clinical 40 and
40 and 42 settings
41 research 42 settings

suggestions for future research on dynamic postural control during locomotion also are provided and include discussion of opportunities afforded by new and developing technologies , the need for long - term monitoring of locomotor performance in everyday activities , gaps in our knowledge of how targeted intervention approaches modify dynamic postural control , and the relative paucity of literature regarding dynamic postural control in movement disorder populations other than parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 suggestions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 73 .
1 suggestions 2 for
1 suggestions 5 on
1 suggestions 12 are
2 for 4 research
3 future 4 research
5 on 8 control
6 dynamic 8 control
7 postural 8 control
8 control 9 during
9 during 10 locomotion
11 also 12 are
12 are 14 and
13 provided 14 and
14 and 15 include
14 and 20 by
15 include 16 discussion
16 discussion 17 of
17 of 18 opportunities
18 opportunities 19 afforded
20 by 22 and
21 new 22 and
22 and 57 paucity
23 developing 24 technologies
24 technologies 25 ,
25 , 27 need
25 , 54 and
26 the 27 need
27 need 28 for
28 for 32 monitoring
29 long 30 -
29 long 31 term
31 term 32 monitoring
32 monitoring 33 of
32 monitoring 40 gaps
33 of 35 performance
34 locomotor 35 performance
35 performance 36 in
36 in 38 activities
37 everyday 38 activities
39 , 40 gaps
40 gaps 41 in
40 gaps 44 of
40 gaps 53 ,
41 in 43 knowledge
42 our 43 knowledge
44 of 45 how
44 of 49 modify
45 how 46 targeted
46 targeted 47 intervention
47 intervention 48 approaches
48 approaches 49 modify
49 modify 52 control
50 dynamic 52 control
51 postural 52 control
54 and 56 relative
54 and 57 paucity
55 the 56 relative
57 paucity 58 of
58 of 59 literature
59 literature 60 regarding
60 regarding 63 control
60 regarding 69 than
61 dynamic 63 control
62 postural 63 control
63 control 64 in
64 in 67 populations
65 movement 67 populations
66 disorder 67 populations
68 other 69 than
69 than 72 disease
70 parkinson 71 's
71 's 72 disease

the increased awareness of the importance [of] gait and postural control to quality of life and functional independence has led many research groups to study the pathophysiology , epidemiology , clinical , and therapeutic aspects of these motor functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 awareness
2 increased 3 awareness
3 awareness 4 of
3 awareness 9 and
4 of 8 gait
5 the 8 gait
6 importance 8 gait
9 and 11 control
9 and 12 to
9 and 14 of
10 postural 11 control
12 to 13 quality
14 of 15 life
16 and 18 independence
16 and 23 groups
17 functional 18 independence
18 independence 19 has
19 has 20 led
20 led 21 many
22 research 23 groups
23 groups 24 to
24 to 25 study
25 study 33 and
26 the 27 pathophysiology
27 pathophysiology 28 ,
28 , 29 epidemiology
28 , 30 ,
30 , 31 clinical
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 aspects
34 therapeutic 35 aspects
35 aspects 36 of
36 of 39 functions
37 these 39 functions
38 motor 39 functions

in recognition of the increased awareness of the significance of this topic , the movement disorders journal is devoting this entire issue [to] gait and postural control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 journal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 recognition
1 in 13 ,
1 in 17 journal
2 recognition 3 of
3 of 6 awareness
4 the 6 awareness
5 increased 6 awareness
6 awareness 7 of
7 of 9 significance
8 the 9 significance
9 significance 10 of
10 of 12 topic
11 this 12 topic
14 the 17 journal
15 movement 16 disorders
16 disorders 17 journal
17 journal 18 is
18 is 19 devoting
19 devoting 25 and
20 this 24 gait
21 entire 24 gait
22 issue 24 gait
24 gait 25 and
25 and 27 control
26 postural 27 control

leading research groups provide critical reviews of the current knowledge and propose future directions for this evolving field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 leading 2 research
2 research 3 groups
3 groups 11 and
4 provide 6 reviews
4 provide 11 and
5 critical 6 reviews
6 reviews 7 of
7 of 10 knowledge
8 the 10 knowledge
9 current 10 knowledge
11 and 12 propose
11 and 14 directions
13 future 14 directions
14 directions 15 for
15 for 18 field
16 this 18 field
17 evolving 18 field

the intensive work in this area [throughout] the world has created an urgent need for a unified language . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 work
2 intensive 3 work
3 work 4 in
3 work 11 created
4 in 6 area
5 this 6 area
6 area 9 world
6 area 10 has
8 the 9 world
9 world 10 has
11 created 14 need
12 an 13 urgent
12 an 14 need
13 urgent 14 need
14 need 15 for
15 for 18 language
16 a 18 language
17 unified 18 language

because gait [and] postural disturbances are so common , the clinical classification should be clear , straightforward , and simple to use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 classification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 because 5 disturbances
1 because 6 are
1 because 9 ,
1 because 12 classification
2 gait 5 disturbances
4 postural 5 disturbances
5 disturbances 6 are
6 are 8 common
7 so 8 common
10 the 12 classification
11 clinical 12 classification
12 classification 13 should
13 should 14 be
14 be 19 and
15 clear 16 ,
16 , 17 straightforward
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 simple
20 simple 21 to
20 simple 22 use
21 to 22 use

as an introduction to this special issue , we propose a new clinically based classification scheme that is organized according to the dominant observed disturbance , while taking into account the results of a basic neurological exam . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 propose
1 as 3 introduction
1 as 9 we
2 an 3 introduction
4 to 7 issue
4 to 8 ,
4 to 9 we
5 this 7 issue
6 special 7 issue
9 we 10 propose
10 propose 16 scheme
10 propose 27 while
11 a 12 new
11 a 16 scheme
12 new 15 classification
13 clinically 14 based
14 based 15 classification
15 classification 16 scheme
16 scheme 19 organized
17 that 18 is
18 is 19 organized
19 organized 21 to
20 according 21 to
21 to 25 disturbance
22 the 25 disturbance
23 dominant 25 disturbance
24 observed 25 disturbance
26 , 27 while
27 while 28 taking
27 while 38 .
28 taking 30 account
28 taking 32 results
29 into 30 account
31 the 32 results
32 results 33 of
33 of 37 exam
34 a 35 basic
34 a 37 exam
35 basic 37 exam
36 neurological 37 exam

the proposed classification differentiates between continuous and episodic gait disturbances because this subdivision has important ramifications from the functional , prognostic , and mechanistic perspectives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 classification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differentiates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 classification
2 proposed 3 classification
3 classification 4 differentiates
4 differentiates 5 between
4 differentiates 11 because
4 differentiates 17 from
5 between 10 disturbances
6 continuous 7 and
7 and 8 episodic
7 and 9 gait
9 gait 10 disturbances
11 because 13 subdivision
11 because 14 has
12 this 13 subdivision
13 subdivision 14 has
14 has 16 ramifications
15 important 16 ramifications
17 from 19 functional
18 the 19 functional
20 , 25 perspectives
21 prognostic 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 mechanistic
23 and 25 perspectives

we anticipate that research into gait [and] postural control will continue to flourish over the next decade as the search for new ways of promoting mobility and independence aims to keep up with the exponentially growing population of aging older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 anticipate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 anticipate
2 anticipate 3 that
3 that 4 research
3 that 31 keep
4 research 5 into
4 research 10 will
5 into 9 control
6 gait 9 control
8 postural 9 control
10 will 11 continue
11 continue 12 to
11 continue 13 flourish
12 to 13 flourish
13 flourish 14 over
13 flourish 18 as
14 over 17 decade
15 the 16 next
15 the 17 decade
18 as 20 search
18 as 29 aims
19 the 20 search
20 search 21 for
20 search 24 of
20 search 29 aims
21 for 23 ways
22 new 23 ways
24 of 25 promoting
25 promoting 27 and
26 mobility 27 and
27 and 28 independence
29 aims 30 to
30 to 31 keep
31 keep 32 up
31 keep 33 with
33 with 37 population
34 the 37 population
35 exponentially 36 growing
36 growing 37 population
37 population 38 of
38 of 39 aging
39 aging 41 adults
40 older 41 adults

hopefully , this new classification scheme and the articles focusing on gait [and] postural control in this special issue of the movement disorders journal will help to facilitate future investigations in this exciting , rapidly growing area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 hopefully 2 ,
1 hopefully 7 and
3 this 6 scheme
4 new 5 classification
5 classification 6 scheme
6 scheme 7 and
7 and 9 articles
7 and 11 on
7 and 16 in
7 and 25 will
8 the 9 articles
9 articles 10 focusing
11 on 15 control
12 gait 15 control
14 postural 15 control
16 in 19 issue
17 this 19 issue
18 special 19 issue
19 issue 20 of
20 of 24 journal
21 the 24 journal
22 movement 23 disorders
23 disorders 24 journal
25 will 26 help
26 help 27 to
26 help 28 facilitate
27 to 28 facilitate
28 facilitate 30 investigations
28 facilitate 31 in
29 future 30 investigations
31 in 37 area
32 this 33 exciting
33 exciting 34 ,
33 exciting 37 area
35 rapidly 36 growing
36 growing 37 area

importance : the neurobiologic basis of late - life depressive symptoms is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 basis
2 : 12 is
2 : 16 .
3 the 5 basis
4 neurobiologic 5 basis
5 basis 6 of
5 basis 12 is
6 of 11 symptoms
7 late 8 -
7 late 9 life
9 life 11 symptoms
10 depressive 11 symptoms
12 is 13 not
12 is 14 well
14 well 15 understood

objective : to test the hypothesis that neurodegeneration and neuronal density in brainstem aminergic nuclei are related to late - life depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
3 to 4 test
4 test 6 hypothesis
5 the 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 that
7 that 9 and
7 that 17 related
8 neurodegeneration 9 and
9 and 11 density
9 and 12 in
9 and 15 nuclei
9 and 16 are
9 and 17 related
10 neuronal 11 density
12 in 13 brainstem
14 aminergic 15 nuclei
15 nuclei 16 are
17 related 18 to
17 related 24 .
18 to 23 symptoms
19 late 20 -
19 late 23 symptoms
21 life 22 depressive
22 depressive 23 symptoms

design , setting , participants , and exposure : longitudinal clinicopathological cohort study at residences of participants in the chicago , illinois , metropolitan area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 5 participants
4 , 5 participants
5 participants 6 ,
5 participants 7 and
7 and 8 exposure
8 exposure 9 :
9 : 13 study
9 : 14 at
9 : 18 in
10 longitudinal 12 cohort
11 clinicopathological 12 cohort
12 cohort 13 study
14 at 15 residences
15 residences 16 of
16 of 17 participants
18 in 20 chicago
19 the 20 chicago
20 chicago 22 illinois
21 , 22 illinois
22 illinois 23 ,
23 , 25 area
24 metropolitan 25 area

main outcomes and measures : the number of depressive symptoms ( mean [[] sd ] , 1.61 [ 1.48 ] ; range , 0 - 6 ; skewness , 0.94 [ )(on the center for epidemiological studies depression scale averaged across annual evaluations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 :
5 : 10 symptoms
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 10 symptoms
8 of 10 symptoms
9 depressive 10 symptoms
10 symptoms 14 sd
10 symptoms 17 1.61
11 ( 14 sd
12 mean 14 sd
14 sd 15 ]
16 , 17 1.61
17 1.61 19 1.48
17 1.61 20 ]
18 [ 19 1.48
19 1.48 20 ]
21 ; 22 range
21 ; 23 ,
23 , 24 0
23 , 25 -
23 , 27 ;
24 0 25 -
25 - 26 6
27 ; 28 skewness
27 ; 29 ,
29 , 30 0.94
29 , 40 averaged
30 0.94 32 )(on
30 0.94 35 for
30 0.94 40 averaged
32 )(on 34 center
33 the 34 center
35 for 39 scale
36 epidemiological 37 studies
37 studies 38 depression
38 depression 39 scale
40 averaged 41 across
40 averaged 43 evaluations
42 annual 43 evaluations

results : brainstem lewy bodies were associated with depressive symptoms , and the association was attenuated in those taking antidepressant medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 bodies
2 : 7 associated
2 : 12 and
2 : 22 .
3 brainstem 4 lewy
4 lewy 5 bodies
5 bodies 6 were
6 were 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 symptoms
9 depressive 10 symptoms
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 association
12 and 16 attenuated
13 the 14 association
14 association 15 was
15 was 16 attenuated
16 attenuated 17 in
17 in 18 those
18 those 19 taking
19 taking 21 medication
20 antidepressant 21 medication

brainstem tangles were associated with more depressive symptoms in those without cognitive impairment but with fewer symptoms in those with mild cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tangles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 brainstem 2 tangles
2 tangles 3 were
3 were 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 18 in
5 with 8 symptoms
6 more 7 depressive
7 depressive 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 9 in
8 symptoms 14 but
9 in 10 those
11 without 13 impairment
11 without 14 but
12 cognitive 13 impairment
14 but 15 with
15 with 17 symptoms
16 fewer 17 symptoms
18 in 19 those
19 those 20 with
20 with 23 impairment
21 mild 23 impairment
22 cognitive 23 impairment

lower density of tyrosine hydroxylase - immunoreactive neurons in the ventral tegmental area was robustly associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms ( mean [ se ] estimate [,] [-] 0.014 [ 0.003 ] ; p < . 001 ; 16.3 % increase in adjusted r2 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 lower 2 density
2 density 3 of
3 of 5 hydroxylase
4 tyrosine 5 hydroxylase
6 - 8 neurons
6 - 16 associated
6 - 36 ;
7 immunoreactive 8 neurons
8 neurons 9 in
8 neurons 13 area
8 neurons 14 was
8 neurons 16 associated
9 in 11 ventral
10 the 11 ventral
12 tegmental 13 area
13 area 14 was
15 robustly 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 20 level
18 a 20 level
19 higher 20 level
20 level 21 of
21 of 23 symptoms
22 depressive 23 symptoms
23 symptoms 29 estimate
24 ( 29 estimate
25 mean 27 se
25 mean 28 ]
25 mean 29 estimate
26 [ 27 se
27 se 28 ]
29 estimate 32 0.014
29 estimate 34 0.003
29 estimate 36 ;
33 [ 34 0.003
34 0.003 35 ]
36 ; 37 p
37 p 38 <
39 . 40 001
39 . 41 ;
39 . 49 )(
41 ; 43 %
41 ; 44 increase
42 16.3 43 %
43 % 44 increase
44 increase 45 in
45 in 47 r2
46 adjusted 47 r2

the association was not modified by medication use or cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 6 by
4 not 5 modified
6 by 9 or
7 medication 8 use
8 use 9 or
9 or 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment

neither tyrosine hydroxlyase - immunoreactive neurons in the locus ceruleus nor tryptophan hydroxlyase - immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus were related to depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hydroxlyase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 neither 3 hydroxlyase
2 tyrosine 3 hydroxlyase
4 - 11 nor
4 - 14 -
5 immunoreactive 6 neurons
6 neurons 7 in
6 neurons 11 nor
7 in 10 ceruleus
8 the 10 ceruleus
9 locus 10 ceruleus
11 nor 13 hydroxlyase
12 tryptophan 13 hydroxlyase
14 - 16 neurons
14 - 23 related
14 - 27 .
15 immunoreactive 16 neurons
16 neurons 17 in
16 neurons 22 were
17 in 21 nucleus
18 the 21 nucleus
19 dorsal 21 nucleus
20 raphe 21 nucleus
22 were 23 related
23 related 24 to
24 to 26 symptoms
25 depressive 26 symptoms

conclusions and relevance : the results suggest that the mesolimbic dopamine system , especially the ventral tegmental area , has an important role in late - life depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 6 results
4 : 7 suggest
4 : 30 .
5 the 6 results
6 results 7 suggest
7 suggest 8 that
8 that 12 system
8 that 20 has
9 the 12 system
10 mesolimbic 11 dopamine
11 dopamine 12 system
12 system 18 area
12 system 20 has
13 , 14 especially
13 , 18 area
15 the 18 area
16 ventral 18 area
17 tegmental 18 area
18 area 19 ,
20 has 23 role
20 has 24 in
21 an 22 important
21 an 23 role
22 important 23 role
24 in 29 symptoms
25 late 26 -
25 late 27 life
27 life 29 symptoms
28 depressive 29 symptoms

unlabelled : signaling of the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( rage ) has been implicated in the development of injury - elicited vascular complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 signaling
2 : 17 implicated
2 : 23 -
3 signaling 4 of
3 signaling 7 for
3 signaling 15 has
4 of 6 receptor
5 the 6 receptor
7 for 11 products
8 advanced 9 glycation
9 glycation 11 products
10 end 11 products
11 products 13 rage
12 ( 13 rage
13 rage 14 )
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 implicated
17 implicated 18 in
18 in 20 development
19 the 20 development
20 development 21 of
21 of 22 injury
23 - 26 complications
24 elicited 26 complications
25 vascular 26 complications

soluble rage ( srage ) acts as a decoy of rage and has been used to treat pathological vascular conditions in animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 soluble 2 rage
2 rage 4 srage
2 rage 12 and
3 ( 4 srage
4 srage 5 )
6 acts 7 as
6 acts 12 and
7 as 9 decoy
8 a 9 decoy
9 decoy 10 of
10 of 11 rage
12 and 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 used
15 used 16 to
15 used 17 treat
16 to 17 treat
17 treat 20 conditions
17 treat 21 in
18 pathological 20 conditions
19 vascular 20 conditions
21 in 23 models
22 animal 23 models

however , previous studies used a high dose of srage produced in insect sf9 cells ( srage ( sf9 ) )and multiple injections to achieve the therapeutic outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 )and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 previous 4 studies
4 studies 5 used
4 studies 8 dose
4 studies 11 produced
4 studies 21 )and
6 a 7 high
6 a 8 dose
7 high 8 dose
8 dose 9 of
8 dose 11 produced
9 of 10 srage
11 produced 12 in
12 in 15 cells
13 insect 15 cells
14 sf9 15 cells
15 cells 17 srage
16 ( 17 srage
17 srage 19 sf9
17 srage 20 )
18 ( 19 sf9
19 sf9 20 )
21 )and 23 injections
21 )and 24 to
22 multiple 23 injections
24 to 25 achieve
25 achieve 28 outcome
26 the 28 outcome
27 therapeutic 28 outcome

here , we explore whether modulation of srage [n] - glycoform impacts its bioactivity and augments its therapeutic efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 15 and
4 explore 5 whether
4 explore 15 and
5 whether 6 modulation
5 whether 12 impacts
6 modulation 7 of
6 modulation 12 impacts
7 of 11 glycoform
8 srage 10 -
8 srage 11 glycoform
12 impacts 14 bioactivity
13 its 14 bioactivity
15 and 16 augments
15 and 19 efficacy
17 its 19 efficacy
18 therapeutic 19 efficacy

we first profiled carbohydrate components of srage produced in chinese hamster ovary cells ( srage ( cho ) ) to show that a majority of [its] n - glycans belong to sialylated complex types that are not shared by srage ( sf9 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 we 3 profiled
2 first 3 profiled
3 profiled 5 components
3 profiled 9 in
3 profiled 20 to
4 carbohydrate 5 components
5 components 6 of
5 components 8 produced
6 of 7 srage
9 in 13 cells
10 chinese 11 hamster
11 hamster 13 cells
12 ovary 13 cells
13 cells 15 srage
14 ( 15 srage
15 srage 17 cho
15 srage 19 )
16 ( 17 cho
17 cho 18 )
20 to 21 show
21 show 22 that
21 show 24 majority
23 a 24 majority
24 majority 25 of
25 of 27 n
28 - 29 glycans
28 - 30 belong
28 - 44 .
29 glycans 30 belong
30 belong 31 to
30 belong 39 by
31 to 34 types
32 sialylated 33 complex
33 complex 34 types
34 types 35 that
34 types 36 are
35 that 36 are
36 are 37 not
36 are 38 shared
37 not 38 shared
39 by 40 srage
40 srage 42 sf9
41 ( 42 sf9
42 sf9 43 )

in cell - based nf - κb activation and vascular smooth muscle cell ( vsmc ) migration assays , srage ( cho ) exhibited a significantly higher bioactivity relative to srage ( sf9 ) to inhibit rage alarmin [ligand] - induced nf - κb activation and vsmc migration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 in 2 cell
3 - 19 ,
4 based 18 assays
4 based 19 ,
5 nf 9 and
5 nf 18 assays
6 - 9 and
7 κb 8 activation
8 activation 9 and
9 and 13 cell
9 and 15 vsmc
9 and 16 )
10 vascular 12 muscle
11 smooth 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 cell
14 ( 15 vsmc
15 vsmc 16 )
17 migration 18 assays
19 , 36 inhibit
20 srage 22 cho
20 srage 24 exhibited
21 ( 22 cho
22 cho 23 )
24 exhibited 28 bioactivity
24 exhibited 35 to
25 a 28 bioactivity
26 significantly 27 higher
27 higher 28 bioactivity
28 bioactivity 29 relative
29 relative 30 to
30 to 31 srage
31 srage 33 sf9
32 ( 33 sf9
33 sf9 34 )
35 to 36 inhibit
36 inhibit 38 alarmin
37 rage 38 alarmin
38 alarmin 42 nf
40 - 42 nf
41 induced 42 nf
42 nf 46 and
42 nf 49 .
43 - 46 and
44 κb 45 activation
45 activation 46 and
46 and 48 migration
46 and 49 .
47 vsmc 48 migration

we next studied whether this [n] [-] glycoform - associated bioactivity of srage ( cho ) is translated to higher in vivo therapeutic efficacy in a rat carotid artery balloon injury model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 next
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 next
2 next 3 studied
3 studied 4 whether
4 whether 11 bioactivity
4 whether 18 translated
5 this 11 bioactivity
8 glycoform 9 -
8 glycoform 11 bioactivity
10 associated 11 bioactivity
11 bioactivity 12 of
11 bioactivity 17 is
12 of 13 srage
13 srage 15 cho
14 ( 15 cho
15 cho 16 )
17 is 18 translated
18 translated 19 to
18 translated 25 in
19 to 24 efficacy
20 higher 24 efficacy
21 in 22 vivo
22 vivo 23 therapeutic
23 therapeutic 24 efficacy
25 in 32 model
26 a 32 model
27 rat 28 carotid
28 carotid 32 model
29 artery 32 model
30 balloon 32 model
31 injury 32 model

consistent with the observed higher bioactivity in cell assays , srage ( cho ) significantly reduced injury - induced neointimal growth and the expression of inflammatory markers in injured vasculature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 consistent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 19 induced
2 with 6 bioactivity
3 the 6 bioactivity
4 observed 6 bioactivity
5 higher 6 bioactivity
6 bioactivity 7 in
7 in 9 assays
8 cell 9 assays
9 assays 17 injury
10 , 17 injury
11 srage 13 cho
11 srage 17 injury
12 ( 13 cho
13 cho 14 )
15 significantly 16 reduced
16 reduced 17 injury
17 injury 18 -
19 induced 22 and
19 induced 28 in
20 neointimal 21 growth
21 growth 22 and
22 and 24 expression
22 and 25 of
23 the 24 expression
25 of 27 markers
26 inflammatory 27 markers
28 in 30 vasculature
29 injured 30 vasculature

specifically , a single dose of 3 ng/g of srage ( cho ) reduced neointimal hyperplasia by over 70 % , whereas the same dose of srage ( sf9 ) showed no effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 5 dose
3 a 4 single
3 a 5 dose
4 single 5 dose
5 dose 6 of
5 dose 12 cho
5 dose 14 reduced
6 of 8 ng/g
7 3 8 ng/g
8 ng/g 9 of
9 of 10 srage
11 ( 12 cho
12 cho 13 )
14 reduced 16 hyperplasia
14 reduced 17 by
14 reduced 22 whereas
15 neointimal 16 hyperplasia
17 by 20 %
18 over 19 70
19 70 20 %
21 , 22 whereas
22 whereas 25 dose
23 the 24 same
23 the 25 dose
25 dose 26 of
25 dose 31 showed
26 of 27 srage
27 srage 29 sf9
28 ( 29 sf9
29 sf9 30 )
31 showed 33 effect
32 no 33 effect

the administered srage ( cho ) is rapidly and specifically recruited to the injured arterial locus , suggesting that early intervention of arterial injury with srage ( cho ) may offset an inflammatory circuit and reduce the ensuing tissue remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 srage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 3 srage
2 administered 3 srage
3 srage 5 cho
3 srage 9 and
4 ( 5 cho
5 cho 6 )
7 is 8 rapidly
7 is 9 and
9 and 11 recruited
10 specifically 11 recruited
11 recruited 12 to
12 to 16 locus
13 the 16 locus
14 injured 16 locus
15 arterial 16 locus
17 , 18 suggesting
17 , 35 and
18 suggesting 21 intervention
18 suggesting 30 may
19 that 20 early
20 early 21 intervention
21 intervention 22 of
21 intervention 28 cho
22 of 24 injury
23 arterial 24 injury
24 injury 25 with
25 with 26 srage
27 ( 28 cho
28 cho 29 )
30 may 35 and
31 offset 34 circuit
31 offset 35 and
32 an 34 circuit
33 inflammatory 34 circuit
35 and 36 reduce
36 reduce 40 remodeling
37 the 40 remodeling
38 ensuing 39 tissue
39 tissue 40 remodeling

our findings showed that [the] n - glycoform of srage is the key determinant underlying its bioactivity and thus is an important glycobioengineering target to develop a highly potent therapeutic srage for future clinical applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 6 n
7 - 8 glycoform
7 - 18 and
7 - 36 .
8 glycoform 9 of
8 glycoform 18 and
9 of 10 srage
11 is 14 determinant
11 is 18 and
12 the 14 determinant
13 key 14 determinant
14 determinant 15 underlying
15 underlying 17 bioactivity
16 its 17 bioactivity
18 and 20 is
18 and 25 to
18 and 31 srage
19 thus 20 is
20 is 24 target
21 an 22 important
21 an 24 target
22 important 24 target
23 glycobioengineering 24 target
25 to 26 develop
27 a 28 highly
27 a 31 srage
28 highly 29 potent
29 potent 31 srage
30 therapeutic 31 srage
31 srage 32 for
32 for 35 applications
33 future 35 applications
34 clinical 35 applications

these and other still unanswered questions remain critical to understanding the impact of multifaceted epigenetic machinery on the age - related dysfunction of cns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
1 these 2 and
2 and 6 questions
2 and 7 remain
3 other 6 questions
4 still 6 questions
5 unanswered 6 questions
7 remain 8 critical
8 critical 9 to
8 critical 17 on
9 to 10 understanding
10 understanding 12 impact
11 the 12 impact
12 impact 13 of
13 of 16 machinery
14 multifaceted 16 machinery
15 epigenetic 16 machinery
17 on 19 age
18 the 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 dysfunction
21 related 25 .
22 dysfunction 23 of
23 of 24 cns

background : ca . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 ca

though diabetes type 2 has been proven preventable , no screening for prediabetes has been implemented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 screening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 implemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 though 3 type
1 though 7 proven
1 though 9 ,
1 though 11 screening
2 diabetes 3 type
3 type 4 2
3 type 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 proven
7 proven 8 preventable
10 no 11 screening
11 screening 12 for
11 screening 14 has
12 for 13 prediabetes
14 has 15 been
15 been 16 implemented

delight was designed to assess if screening for individuals at risk and long - standing diabetes prevention is feasible in the setting of companies within the scope of the german legal health system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 delight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 delight 2 was
2 was 3 designed
3 designed 4 to
3 designed 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 17 prevention
5 assess 18 is
6 if 7 screening
6 if 17 prevention
7 screening 8 for
7 screening 16 diabetes
8 for 12 and
9 individuals 10 at
9 individuals 12 and
10 at 11 risk
12 and 15 standing
13 long 14 -
13 long 15 standing
17 prevention 18 is
18 is 19 feasible
19 feasible 20 in
20 in 22 setting
21 the 22 setting
22 setting 23 of
23 of 24 companies
24 companies 25 within
24 companies 28 of
25 within 27 scope
26 the 27 scope
28 of 33 system
29 the 33 system
30 german 32 health
31 legal 32 health
32 health 33 system

materials and methods : in 5 companies employees with a waist circumference of ≥ 94 ( men ) and ≥ 80 [cm] ( women ) were offered a check - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 19 and
4 : 27 offered
5 in 7 companies
5 in 19 and
6 5 7 companies
8 employees 9 with
8 employees 19 and
9 with 12 circumference
10 a 12 circumference
11 waist 12 circumference
12 circumference 13 of
12 circumference 17 men
13 of 14 ≥
14 ≥ 15 94
16 ( 17 men
17 men 18 )
19 and 20 ≥
19 and 24 women
19 and 26 were
20 ≥ 21 80
23 ( 24 women
24 women 25 )
26 were 27 offered
27 offered 29 check
27 offered 31 up
28 a 29 check
30 - 31 up
31 up 32 .

results : in 241 of 300 participants the self [-] measured waist circumference was confirmed as elevated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 13 circumference
2 : 15 confirmed
3 in 4 241
3 in 13 circumference
4 241 5 of
5 of 7 participants
6 300 7 participants
8 the 13 circumference
9 self 12 waist
11 measured 12 waist
12 waist 13 circumference
13 circumference 14 was
14 was 15 confirmed
15 confirmed 17 elevated
16 as 17 elevated

within 3 years in those who had lost ≥ 1 kg , weight was reduced by 3.9 kg , risk factors were improved , and no case of diabetes had developed , while among those [with] weight loss of < 1 kg or weight gain , 10 % of men and 5 % of women had developed diabetes type 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 within 2 3
1 within 3 years
3 years 4 in
3 years 6 who
3 years 7 had
3 years 9 ≥
4 in 5 those
6 who 7 had
7 had 8 lost
9 ≥ 11 kg
10 1 11 kg
12 , 13 weight
12 , 15 reduced
12 , 19 ,
13 weight 14 was
14 was 15 reduced
15 reduced 16 by
16 by 18 kg
17 3.9 18 kg
19 , 21 factors
19 , 24 ,
20 risk 21 factors
21 factors 22 were
22 were 23 improved
24 , 25 and
24 , 31 developed
24 , 32 ,
25 and 27 case
26 no 27 case
27 case 28 of
27 case 30 had
28 of 29 diabetes
30 had 31 developed
32 , 37 weight
33 while 34 among
33 while 37 weight
34 among 35 those
37 weight 43 or
38 loss 39 of
38 loss 43 or
39 of 42 kg
40 < 41 1
41 1 42 kg
43 or 45 gain
43 or 51 and
44 weight 45 gain
46 , 51 and
47 10 48 %
47 10 51 and
48 % 49 of
49 of 50 men
51 and 52 5
51 and 61 .
52 5 53 %
53 % 54 of
53 % 56 had
54 of 55 women
56 had 57 developed
57 developed 59 type
58 diabetes 59 type
59 type 60 2

screening for prediabetes did not increase the number or costs of drug prescriptions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 screening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 screening 2 for
1 screening 4 did
2 for 3 prediabetes
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 increase
6 increase 9 or
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 or
9 or 10 costs
9 or 11 of
11 of 13 prescriptions
12 drug 13 prescriptions

conclusions : companies provide a suitable setting for screening for prediabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 companies
2 : 4 provide
2 : 12 .
3 companies 4 provide
4 provide 7 setting
5 a 6 suitable
5 a 7 setting
6 suitable 7 setting
7 setting 8 for
8 for 9 screening
9 screening 10 for
10 for 11 prediabetes

long - term diabetes prevention is successfully feasible within the narrow financial frame of a legal insurance system [without] rise of costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 prevention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 long 2 -
1 long 3 term
3 term 4 diabetes
4 diabetes 5 prevention
5 prevention 6 is
6 is 7 successfully
6 is 8 feasible
8 feasible 9 within
9 within 13 frame
10 the 13 frame
11 narrow 13 frame
12 financial 13 frame
13 frame 14 of
13 frame 21 of
14 of 20 rise
15 a 16 legal
15 a 20 rise
16 legal 17 insurance
17 insurance 20 rise
18 system 20 rise
21 of 22 costs

objective : to estimate the incidence [of] and to characterize cognitive and imaging findings associated with incident amyloid pet positivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 8 and
3 to 8 and
4 estimate 6 incidence
4 estimate 8 and
5 the 6 incidence
8 and 9 to
8 and 15 associated
8 and 16 with
9 to 10 characterize
10 characterize 14 findings
11 cognitive 12 and
12 and 13 imaging
12 and 14 findings
16 with 20 positivity
17 incident 20 positivity
18 amyloid 20 positivity
19 pet 20 positivity

methods : cognitively normal ( cn ) participants in the mayo clinic study of aging who had 2 or more serial imaging assessments , which included amyloid pet , fdg - pet , and mri at each time point , were eligible for analysis ( n = 207 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 8 participants
2 : 9 in
3 cognitively 4 normal
4 normal 6 cn
4 normal 8 participants
5 ( 6 cn
6 cn 7 )
9 in 21 serial
10 the 21 serial
11 mayo 12 clinic
12 clinic 13 study
13 study 14 of
13 study 19 or
14 of 15 aging
15 aging 16 who
15 aging 17 had
16 who 17 had
17 had 18 2
19 or 20 more
19 or 21 serial
21 serial 22 imaging
21 serial 25 which
22 imaging 23 assessments
24 , 25 which
25 which 40 ,
25 which 49 )
26 included 35 mri
26 included 40 ,
27 amyloid 35 mri
28 pet 30 fdg
29 , 30 fdg
30 fdg 32 pet
31 - 32 pet
32 pet 33 ,
32 pet 34 and
34 and 35 mri
35 mri 36 at
36 at 39 point
37 each 39 point
38 time 39 point
40 , 41 were
40 , 43 for
40 , 47 =
41 were 42 eligible
43 for 44 analysis
45 ( 47 =
46 n 47 =
47 = 48 207

twelve subjects with alzheimer disease dementia were included for comparison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 twelve 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 with
2 subjects 7 were
3 with 6 dementia
4 alzheimer 6 dementia
5 disease 6 dementia
7 were 8 included
8 included 9 for
9 for 10 comparison

results : of the 123 cn participants who were amyloid - negative at baseline , 26 met criteria for incident amyloid pet positivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 7 participants
4 the 5 123
5 123 7 participants
6 cn 7 participants
7 participants 8 who
7 participants 9 were
8 who 9 were
9 were 10 amyloid
10 amyloid 12 negative
11 - 12 negative
12 negative 13 at
12 negative 15 ,
13 at 14 baseline
15 , 16 26
15 , 17 met
16 26 17 met
17 met 18 criteria
18 criteria 19 for
19 for 23 positivity
20 incident 23 positivity
21 amyloid 23 positivity
22 pet 23 positivity

compared to the 69 subjects who remained stable amyloid - negative , on average these 26 did not differ on any imaging , demographic , or cognitive variables except amyloid pet ( by definition ) and task - free functional connectivity , which at baseline was greater in the incident amyloid - positive group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 26
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 10 -
1 compared 16 26
2 to 5 subjects
3 the 4 69
4 69 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 who
5 subjects 7 remained
6 who 7 remained
7 remained 9 amyloid
8 stable 9 amyloid
11 negative 12 ,
11 negative 16 26
13 on 14 average
14 average 16 26
15 these 16 26
16 26 36 and
17 did 18 not
17 did 19 differ
17 did 36 and
19 differ 20 on
19 differ 29 except
20 on 28 variables
21 any 28 variables
22 imaging 23 ,
23 , 24 demographic
23 , 26 or
25 , 26 or
26 or 27 cognitive
26 or 28 variables
29 except 31 pet
30 amyloid 31 pet
31 pet 33 by
32 ( 33 by
33 by 34 definition
33 by 35 )
36 and 37 task
38 - 39 free
38 - 52 -
39 free 41 connectivity
40 functional 41 connectivity
41 connectivity 43 which
42 , 43 which
43 which 44 at
43 which 46 was
43 which 52 -
44 at 45 baseline
46 was 47 greater
47 greater 48 in
48 in 51 amyloid
49 the 51 amyloid
50 incident 51 amyloid
52 - 54 group
53 positive 54 group

eleven of the 26 incident amyloid - positive subjects had abnormal hippocampal volume , fdg - pet , or both at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eleven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 eleven 2 of
1 eleven 10 had
2 of 9 subjects
3 the 4 26
4 26 9 subjects
5 incident 9 subjects
6 amyloid 7 -
6 amyloid 9 subjects
8 positive 9 subjects
10 had 19 or
10 had 21 at
11 abnormal 13 volume
12 hippocampal 13 volume
13 volume 14 ,
14 , 17 pet
14 , 19 or
15 fdg 17 pet
16 - 17 pet
17 pet 18 ,
18 , 19 or
19 or 20 both
21 at 22 baseline

conclusions : the incidence of amyloid pet positivity is approximately 13 % per year among cn participants over age 70 sampled from a population - based cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 incidence
2 : 9 is
2 : 25 -
2 : 28 .
3 the 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
4 incidence 9 is
5 of 8 positivity
6 amyloid 8 positivity
7 pet 8 positivity
9 is 12 %
10 approximately 11 13
11 13 12 %
12 % 13 per
12 % 15 among
12 % 18 over
12 % 21 sampled
13 per 14 year
15 among 17 participants
16 cn 17 participants
18 over 19 age
19 age 20 70
21 sampled 22 from
22 from 24 population
23 a 24 population
25 - 27 cohort
26 based 27 cohort

in 15/26 ( 58 % ) , incident amyloid positivity occurred prior to abnormalities in fdg - pet and hippocampal volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 positivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 15/26
1 in 7 ,
1 in 10 positivity
2 15/26 5 %
3 ( 5 %
4 58 5 %
5 % 6 )
8 incident 10 positivity
9 amyloid 10 positivity
10 positivity 11 occurred
11 occurred 13 to
11 occurred 15 in
12 prior 13 to
13 to 14 abnormalities
15 in 19 and
16 fdg 18 pet
17 - 18 pet
18 pet 19 and
19 and 21 volume
20 hippocampal 21 volume

however , 11/26 ( 42 % ) [incident] amyloid - positive subjects had evidence of neurodegeneration prior to incident amyloid positivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 11/26
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 amyloid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 11/26
3 11/26 6 %
3 11/26 9 amyloid
4 ( 6 %
5 42 6 %
6 % 7 )
10 - 12 subjects
10 - 13 had
10 - 22 .
11 positive 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 had
13 had 14 evidence
13 had 18 to
14 evidence 15 of
15 of 16 neurodegeneration
17 prior 18 to
18 to 21 positivity
19 incident 21 positivity
20 amyloid 21 positivity

these 11 could be subjects with combinations of preexisting [non] - alzheimer pathophysiologies and tau - mediated neurodegeneration who newly entered the amyloid pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 11
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 11
2 11 3 could
3 could 4 be
4 be 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 with
5 subjects 8 of
6 with 7 combinations
8 of 9 preexisting
9 preexisting 14 and
11 - 14 and
12 alzheimer 13 pathophysiologies
13 pathophysiologies 14 and
14 and 15 tau
14 and 16 -
16 - 18 neurodegeneration
17 mediated 18 neurodegeneration
18 neurodegeneration 19 who
18 neurodegeneration 21 entered
19 who 21 entered
20 newly 21 entered
21 entered 24 pathway
22 the 24 pathway
23 amyloid 24 pathway

our findings suggest that both " amyloid - first " and " [neurodegeneration] - first " biomarker profile pathways to preclinical ad exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 both
4 that 7 amyloid
5 both 6 "
5 both 7 amyloid
8 - 9 first
8 - 11 and
9 first 10 "
11 and 12 "
11 and 14 -
11 and 19 pathways
11 and 23 exist
15 first 16 "
15 first 19 pathways
17 biomarker 18 profile
18 profile 19 pathways
19 pathways 20 to
19 pathways 23 exist
20 to 22 ad
21 preclinical 22 ad

objective : to determine arterial stiffness and β - amyloid ( aβ ) deposition in the brain of dementia - free older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 24 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 7 and
4 determine 21 free
5 arterial 6 stiffness
6 stiffness 7 and
7 and 8 β
7 and 14 deposition
7 and 21 free
9 - 14 deposition
10 amyloid 12 aβ
10 amyloid 14 deposition
11 ( 12 aβ
12 aβ 13 )
14 deposition 15 in
14 deposition 20 -
15 in 17 brain
16 the 17 brain
17 brain 18 of
18 of 19 dementia
21 free 23 adults
22 older 23 adults

methods : we studied a cohort of 91 dementia - free participants aged 83 - 96 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 17 years
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 6 cohort
5 a 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 of
7 of 12 participants
8 91 12 participants
9 dementia 10 -
9 dementia 12 participants
11 free 12 participants
12 participants 13 aged
13 aged 15 -
14 83 15 -
15 - 16 96
16 96 17 years

in 2009 , participants completed brain mri and pet imaging using pittsburgh compound b ( [pib] [;] a marker of amyloid plaques in human brain ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 2009
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 participants
4 participants 5 completed
4 participants 6 brain
6 brain 9 pet
7 mri 8 and
8 and 9 pet
9 pet 10 imaging
10 imaging 13 compound
11 using 13 compound
12 pittsburgh 13 compound
13 compound 14 b
13 compound 19 marker
15 ( 19 marker
18 a 19 marker
19 marker 20 of
19 marker 23 in
19 marker 26 )
20 of 22 plaques
21 amyloid 22 plaques
23 in 25 brain
24 human 25 brain

results : a total of 44/91 subjects were aβ - positive on pet [scan] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 8 were
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 were
5 of 7 subjects
6 44/91 7 subjects
8 were 9 aβ
9 aβ 11 positive
10 - 11 positive
11 positive 12 on
11 positive 15 .
12 on 13 pet

aβ deposition was associated with mixed pwv , systolic bp , and map . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aβ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mixed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 aβ 2 deposition
1 aβ 5 with
1 aβ 6 mixed
2 deposition 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
6 mixed 12 and
7 pwv 8 ,
8 , 10 bp
8 , 12 and
9 systolic 10 bp
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 map

one sd increase in bapwv resulted in a 2 [-] fold increase in the odds of being aβ [-] positive ( p = 0.007 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 one 3 increase
2 sd 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 6 resulted
4 in 5 bapwv
6 resulted 7 in
6 resulted 13 in
7 in 12 increase
8 a 12 increase
9 2 12 increase
11 fold 12 increase
13 in 15 odds
14 the 15 odds
15 odds 16 of
16 of 17 being
17 being 18 aβ
18 aβ 20 positive
20 positive 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.007
23 = 25 )

high white matter hyperintensity ( wmh ) [burden] was associated with increased central pwv , systolic bp , and map . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hyperintensity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 high 4 hyperintensity
2 white 4 hyperintensity
3 matter 4 hyperintensity
4 hyperintensity 6 wmh
4 hyperintensity 9 was
5 ( 6 wmh
6 wmh 7 )
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 19 and
12 increased 14 pwv
13 central 14 pwv
14 pwv 15 ,
15 , 17 bp
15 , 19 and
16 systolic 17 bp
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 map

compared to aβ - negative individuals with low wmh burden , each sd increase in pwv was associated with a 2 [-] fold to 4 - [fold] increase in the odds of being aβ - positive and having high wmh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 11 ,
1 compared 14 increase
2 to 3 aβ
3 aβ 6 individuals
4 - 6 individuals
5 negative 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 with
6 individuals 11 ,
7 with 10 burden
8 low 10 burden
9 wmh 10 burden
12 each 14 increase
13 sd 14 increase
14 increase 15 in
14 increase 17 was
15 in 16 pwv
17 was 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 24 to
19 with 23 fold
20 a 23 fold
21 2 23 fold
24 to 25 4
26 - 28 increase
28 increase 29 in
29 in 31 odds
30 the 31 odds
31 odds 32 of
32 of 33 being
33 being 34 aβ
34 aβ 40 wmh
35 - 40 wmh
36 positive 37 and
37 and 38 having
37 and 39 high
39 high 40 wmh
40 wmh 41 .

conclusions : arterial stiffness was associated with aβ plaque deposition in the brain , independent of bp and apoe ε4 allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 arterial
3 arterial 4 stiffness
3 arterial 5 was
3 arterial 6 associated
3 arterial 16 of
4 stiffness 5 was
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 14 ,
6 associated 15 independent
7 with 10 deposition
8 aβ 9 plaque
9 plaque 10 deposition
10 deposition 11 in
11 in 13 brain
12 the 13 brain
16 of 18 and
17 bp 18 and
18 and 21 allele
19 apoe 21 allele
20 ε4 21 allele

the associations differed by type of brain abnormality and vascular bed measured ( e.g [.] , wmh with central stiffness and aβ deposition and mixed stiffness ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differed
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 differed
3 differed 4 by
4 by 9 and
5 type 6 of
6 of 8 abnormality
6 of 9 and
7 brain 8 abnormality
9 and 11 bed
9 and 12 measured
9 and 14 e.g
10 vascular 11 bed
13 ( 14 e.g
14 e.g 24 and
14 e.g 28 .
16 , 24 and
17 wmh 18 with
17 wmh 21 and
18 with 20 stiffness
19 central 20 stiffness
21 and 23 deposition
21 and 24 and
22 aβ 23 deposition
24 and 26 stiffness
24 and 27 )
25 mixed 26 stiffness

arterial stiffness was [highest] in individuals with both high aβ deposition and wmh , which has been suggested to be a " double hit " contributing to the development of symptomatic dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stiffness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
1 arterial 2 stiffness
2 stiffness 3 was
3 was 5 in
5 in 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 with
7 with 12 and
8 both 12 and
9 high 11 deposition
10 aβ 11 deposition
11 deposition 12 and
12 and 13 wmh
12 and 15 which
14 , 15 which
15 which 16 has
15 which 33 .
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 suggested
18 suggested 19 to
19 to 20 be
20 be 24 hit
21 a 22 "
21 a 24 hit
23 double 24 hit
24 hit 25 "
24 hit 26 contributing
24 hit 27 to
24 hit 30 of
27 to 29 development
28 the 29 development
30 of 32 dementia
31 symptomatic 32 dementia

systems for the provision of healthcare need to be improved , since costs are already high and rising along with the needs of an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 systems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 improved
1 systems 2 for
1 systems 5 of
1 systems 10 improved
2 for 4 provision
3 the 4 provision
5 of 7 need
6 healthcare 7 need
7 need 8 to
7 need 9 be
8 to 9 be
10 improved 12 since
11 , 12 since
12 since 13 costs
12 since 14 are
12 since 27 .
13 costs 14 are
14 are 15 already
14 are 17 and
14 are 20 with
16 high 17 and
17 and 18 rising
19 along 20 with
20 with 22 needs
21 the 22 needs
22 needs 23 of
23 of 26 population
24 an 26 population
25 aging 26 population

in considering evaluations of two programs from opposite ends of the country , inferences can differ depending on the observer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 inferences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 considering
1 in 13 ,
1 in 14 inferences
2 considering 3 evaluations
2 considering 7 from
3 evaluations 4 of
4 of 6 programs
5 two 6 programs
7 from 9 ends
8 opposite 9 ends
9 ends 10 of
10 of 12 country
11 the 12 country
14 inferences 15 can
15 can 16 differ
16 differ 17 depending
17 depending 18 on
18 on 20 observer
19 the 20 observer

while the demographic - healthcare time bomb we 're faced with should have been obvious years ago , the need for positive action is upon us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 while 7 bomb
1 while 14 been
1 while 18 ,
1 while 20 need
2 the 7 bomb
3 demographic 4 -
3 demographic 7 bomb
5 healthcare 7 bomb
6 time 7 bomb
7 bomb 8 we
7 bomb 11 with
7 bomb 12 should
8 we 9 're
9 're 10 faced
10 faced 11 with
12 should 13 have
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 obvious
15 obvious 17 ago
16 years 17 ago
19 the 20 need
20 need 21 for
20 need 24 is
21 for 23 action
22 positive 23 action
24 is 25 upon
25 upon 26 us

care providers and recipients , as well as the governments funding healthcare will need to be convinced that we are successfully increasing healthcare value and improving patient outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 care 2 providers
2 providers 3 and
3 and 4 recipients
5 , 14 need
6 as 7 well
7 well 8 as
8 as 10 governments
8 as 14 need
9 the 10 governments
10 governments 11 funding
11 funding 13 will
12 healthcare 13 will
14 need 15 to
14 need 29 .
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 convinced
17 convinced 18 that
18 that 19 we
18 that 20 are
19 we 20 are
20 are 22 increasing
21 successfully 22 increasing
22 increasing 25 and
23 healthcare 24 value
24 value 25 and
25 and 28 outcomes
26 improving 28 outcomes
27 patient 28 outcomes

none stereotype threat often incurs the cost of reducing the amount of information that older adults accurately recall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 recall
2 stereotype 3 threat
3 threat 5 incurs
4 often 5 incurs
5 incurs 7 cost
6 the 7 cost
7 cost 8 of
8 of 9 reducing
9 reducing 11 amount
10 the 11 amount
11 amount 12 of
11 amount 14 that
12 of 13 information
14 that 16 adults
14 that 18 recall
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 18 recall
17 accurately 18 recall
18 recall 19 .

in the current research , we tested whether stereotype threat can also benefit memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 4 research
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 research
3 current 4 research
6 we 7 tested
7 tested 8 whether
8 whether 10 threat
8 whether 13 benefit
9 stereotype 10 threat
10 threat 11 can
11 can 13 benefit
12 also 13 benefit
13 benefit 14 memory

according to the regulatory focus account of stereotype threat , threat induces a prevention focus in which people become concerned with avoiding errors of commission and [are] sensitive to the presence or absence of losses within their environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 threat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 6 account
2 to 10 ,
2 to 11 threat
3 the 6 account
4 regulatory 5 focus
5 focus 6 account
6 account 7 of
7 of 9 threat
8 stereotype 9 threat
11 threat 12 induces
12 induces 32 or
13 a 15 focus
14 prevention 15 focus
15 focus 16 in
15 focus 24 of
15 focus 26 and
16 in 17 which
16 in 18 people
16 in 20 concerned
18 people 19 become
18 people 20 concerned
20 concerned 21 with
20 concerned 23 errors
21 with 22 avoiding
24 of 25 commission
26 and 28 sensitive
26 and 29 to
26 and 32 or
29 to 31 presence
30 the 31 presence
32 or 33 absence
32 or 34 of
32 or 36 within
34 of 35 losses
36 within 38 environment
37 their 38 environment

because of this , we predicted that stereotype threat might reduce older adults ' memory errors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 4 ,
1 because 5 we
2 of 3 this
5 we 6 predicted
6 predicted 7 that
7 that 9 threat
7 that 11 reduce
8 stereotype 9 threat
9 threat 10 might
10 might 11 reduce
11 reduce 16 errors
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 '
14 ' 16 errors
15 memory 16 errors

results were consistent with this prediction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 results 2 were
2 were 3 consistent
3 consistent 4 with
4 with 6 prediction
5 this 6 prediction

older adults under stereotype threat had lower intrusion rates during free - recall tests ( experiments 1 and 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 under
2 adults 6 had
3 under 5 threat
4 stereotype 5 threat
6 had 9 rates
6 had 10 during
7 lower 8 intrusion
8 intrusion 9 rates
10 during 14 tests
11 free 12 -
11 free 13 recall
13 recall 14 tests
14 tests 16 experiments
15 ( 16 experiments
16 experiments 18 and
16 experiments 20 )
17 1 18 and
18 and 19 2

they also reduced their false alarms and adopted more conservative response criteria during a recognition test ( experiment 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 they 7 and
2 also 3 reduced
3 reduced 6 alarms
3 reduced 7 and
4 their 6 alarms
5 false 6 alarms
7 and 8 adopted
8 adopted 12 criteria
8 adopted 13 during
9 more 10 conservative
10 conservative 11 response
11 response 12 criteria
13 during 16 test
14 a 15 recognition
14 a 16 test
15 recognition 16 test
16 test 18 experiment
17 ( 18 experiment
18 experiment 19 2
18 experiment 20 )

thus , stereotype threat can decrease older adults ' false memories , [albeit] at the cost of fewer veridical memories , as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 threat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 threat
3 stereotype 4 threat
4 threat 5 can
5 can 6 decrease
6 decrease 11 memories
6 decrease 22 as
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 '
9 ' 11 memories
10 false 11 memories
11 memories 14 at
12 , 14 at
14 at 16 cost
14 at 21 ,
15 the 16 cost
16 cost 17 of
17 of 20 memories
18 fewer 20 memories
19 veridical 20 memories
22 as 23 well

diurnal [type] ( chronotype ) [differentiates] individuals on [an] axis between the extremes of evening type to [morning] type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 diurnal 4 chronotype
1 diurnal 5 )
1 diurnal 7 individuals
3 ( 4 chronotype
4 chronotype 5 )
7 individuals 8 on
7 individuals 11 between
7 individuals 14 of
7 individuals 16 type
8 on 10 axis
11 between 13 extremes
12 the 13 extremes
14 of 15 evening
16 type 17 to
17 to 19 type

these diurnal - type preferences are thought to be relatively stable , but [follow] - up studies are sparse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 preferences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 5 preferences
2 diurnal 3 -
2 diurnal 4 type
4 type 5 preferences
5 preferences 6 are
6 are 7 thought
7 thought 8 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 relatively
9 be 11 stable
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 -
13 but 18 are
15 - 17 studies
16 up 17 studies
17 studies 18 are
18 are 19 sparse

the study aims were ( 1 [ )(to compare [cross] - sectional studies of diurnal type preferences between two decades [and] ( 2 ) to analyze the consistency of diurnal - type preferences using a longitudinal dataset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 3 aims
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 were
4 were 11 -
4 were 25 to
5 ( 11 -
6 1 8 )(to
6 1 9 compare
6 1 11 -
8 )(to 9 compare
11 - 13 studies
11 - 24 )
12 sectional 13 studies
13 studies 14 of
13 studies 23 2
14 of 17 preferences
15 diurnal 16 type
16 type 17 preferences
17 preferences 18 between
18 between 20 decades
19 two 20 decades
22 ( 23 2
23 2 24 )
25 to 26 analyze
26 analyze 28 consistency
27 the 28 consistency
28 consistency 29 of
28 consistency 34 using
29 of 33 preferences
30 diurnal 31 -
30 diurnal 32 type
32 type 33 preferences
34 using 37 dataset
35 a 36 longitudinal
35 a 37 dataset
36 longitudinal 37 dataset

we analyzed a total of 18,087 adult males from four datasets with information on diurnal type [and] age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 4 total
2 analyzed 12 with
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 8 males
6 18,087 8 males
7 adult 8 males
8 males 9 from
9 from 11 datasets
10 four 11 datasets
12 with 13 information
13 information 14 on
14 on 18 age
15 diurnal 16 type
16 type 18 age

of these , 2144 were available for survival analysis [and] 567 for analysis of longitudinal diurnal consistency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 2144
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 of 2 these
1 of 3 ,
1 of 4 2144
4 2144 5 were
5 were 6 available
6 available 7 for
7 for 9 analysis
8 survival 9 analysis
9 analysis 11 567
9 analysis 12 for
12 for 13 analysis
13 analysis 14 of
14 of 17 consistency
15 longitudinal 17 consistency
16 diurnal 17 consistency

diurnal [type] was assessed by asking the individual to what extent they would rate themselves a morning or an evening person , categorized into four groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diurnal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
1 diurnal 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 by
4 assessed 23 categorized
5 by 6 asking
6 asking 8 individual
6 asking 21 person
7 the 8 individual
8 individual 9 to
9 to 10 what
9 to 11 extent
9 to 12 they
9 to 14 rate
10 what 11 extent
12 they 13 would
13 would 14 rate
14 rate 15 themselves
16 a 21 person
17 morning 18 or
18 or 20 evening
18 or 21 person
19 an 20 evening
22 , 23 categorized
23 categorized 24 into
23 categorized 27 .
24 into 26 groups
25 four 26 groups

statistical tests for stability of diurnal type [were] based [on] transition matrices and [p] values obtained using likelihood ratios . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 statistical 2 tests
2 tests 3 for
2 tests 13 and
3 for 4 stability
4 stability 5 of
5 of 12 matrices
6 diurnal 12 matrices
7 type 9 based
9 based 12 matrices
11 transition 12 matrices
13 and 15 values
13 and 17 using
15 values 16 obtained
17 using 19 ratios
18 likelihood 19 ratios

cox regression was used to calculate the relative risk of all - cause mortality in each of the four diurnal type groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 cox 2 regression
2 regression 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 calculate
5 to 6 calculate
6 calculate 9 risk
7 the 9 risk
8 relative 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 11 all
12 - 13 cause
13 cause 14 mortality
13 cause 15 in
15 in 22 groups
16 each 17 of
16 each 22 groups
17 of 22 groups
18 the 19 four
19 four 22 groups
20 diurnal 21 type
21 type 22 groups

after direct age standardization , 9.5 % ( 95 % ci : 9.0 - 10.1 % ) of participants in the four datasets were evening types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 datasets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 after 4 standardization
1 after 17 )
1 after 23 datasets
2 direct 3 age
3 age 4 standardization
4 standardization 7 %
5 , 7 %
6 9.5 7 %
7 % 16 %
7 % 17 )
8 ( 16 %
9 95 11 ci
10 % 11 ci
11 ci 12 :
12 : 14 -
13 9.0 14 -
14 - 15 10.1
15 10.1 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 of 19 participants
18 of 23 datasets
19 participants 20 in
20 in 22 four
21 the 22 four
23 datasets 24 were
24 were 25 evening
25 evening 26 types

the cross - sectional data yielded that morning types were less common in the 2000s than two decades earlier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 cross
3 - 5 data
3 - 10 were
3 - 20 .
4 sectional 5 data
5 data 6 yielded
5 data 7 that
5 data 9 types
5 data 10 were
7 that 8 morning
7 that 9 types
8 morning 9 types
10 were 12 common
11 less 12 common
12 common 13 in
12 common 16 than
13 in 15 2000s
14 the 15 2000s
16 than 18 decades
16 than 19 earlier
17 two 18 decades

the longitudinal dataset revealed a significant shift from evening [type] to another type from 1985 to 2008 ( p = 0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dataset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 dataset
2 longitudinal 3 dataset
3 dataset 4 revealed
4 revealed 7 shift
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 shift
6 significant 7 shift
7 shift 8 from
7 shift 20 =
8 from 9 evening
9 evening 11 to
9 evening 16 to
11 to 13 type
12 another 13 type
14 from 16 to
15 1985 16 to
16 to 17 2008
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.002
20 = 22 )

the relative risk of all [-] cause mortality was 1.3 - fold [(] 95 % ci : 1.0 - 1.6 [;] p = 0.05 ) higher for evening types compared to morning types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 3 risk
2 relative 3 risk
3 risk 4 of
3 risk 9 was
4 of 8 mortality
5 all 8 mortality
7 cause 8 mortality
9 was 10 1.3
11 - 16 ci
11 - 17 :
11 - 34 .
12 fold 16 ci
14 95 16 ci
15 % 16 ci
16 ci 17 :
17 : 23 =
17 : 26 higher
18 1.0 19 -
19 - 20 1.6
19 - 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.05
23 = 25 )
26 higher 27 for
27 for 28 evening
28 evening 29 types
29 types 30 compared
30 compared 31 to
31 to 33 types
32 morning 33 types

at the population level , eveningness appears to have become more prevalent over recent decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 eveningness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 at 3 population
1 at 6 eveningness
2 the 3 population
4 level 5 ,
4 level 6 eveningness
6 eveningness 7 appears
7 appears 8 to
7 appears 10 become
8 to 9 have
9 have 10 become
10 become 12 prevalent
11 more 12 prevalent
12 prevalent 13 over
13 over 15 decades
14 recent 15 decades

however , on the individual level , [the] more morningness the chronotype , the more persistent [it] remains with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 more
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 morningness
1 however 2 ,
1 however 9 more
2 , 3 on
3 on 6 level
3 on 7 ,
3 on 9 more
4 the 6 level
5 individual 6 level
9 more 10 morningness
10 morningness 12 chronotype
11 the 12 chronotype
12 chronotype 18 remains
13 , 18 remains
14 the 18 remains
15 more 16 persistent
16 persistent 18 remains
18 remains 19 with
18 remains 21 .
19 with 20 aging

background : within the last few years , hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers and radiofrequency ( rf ) devices have shown significant promise [for] skin rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 20 devices
2 : 22 shown
2 : 28 .
3 within 15 and
3 within 19 )
3 within 20 devices
4 the 5 last
4 the 6 few
6 few 7 years
7 years 8 ,
8 , 14 fillers
8 , 15 and
9 hyaluronic 14 fillers
10 acid 12 ha
10 acid 14 fillers
11 ( 12 ha
12 ha 13 )
15 and 16 radiofrequency
15 and 18 rf
17 ( 18 rf
18 rf 19 )
20 devices 21 have
21 have 22 shown
22 shown 26 skin
22 shown 27 rejuvenation
23 significant 26 skin
24 promise 26 skin

but the effects of ha only lasted for a relatively short duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 but 3 effects
1 but 7 lasted
2 the 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 7 lasted
4 of 5 ha
6 only 7 lasted
7 lasted 8 for
8 for 12 duration
9 a 10 relatively
9 a 12 duration
10 relatively 11 short
11 short 12 duration

therefore , we tried a new combination therapy of intradermal rf and ha filler . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 tried
4 tried 7 combination
5 a 6 new
5 a 7 combination
6 new 7 combination
7 combination 12 and
7 combination 14 filler
8 therapy 9 of
8 therapy 12 and
9 of 11 rf
10 intradermal 11 rf
12 and 13 ha
12 and 14 filler

objective : to evaluate the clinical efficacy of combination therapy of intradermal rf and ha filler for nasolabial [fold] ( nlf ) wrinkle reduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 16 filler
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 efficacy
5 the 7 efficacy
6 clinical 7 efficacy
7 efficacy 8 of
8 of 14 and
9 combination 10 therapy
10 therapy 11 of
10 therapy 14 and
11 of 13 rf
12 intradermal 13 rf
14 and 15 ha
16 filler 17 for
17 for 24 reduction
18 nasolabial 21 nlf
18 nasolabial 22 )
18 nasolabial 23 wrinkle
20 ( 21 nlf
21 nlf 22 )
23 wrinkle 24 reduction

materials and methods : ten korean female volunteers with mild to severe nlfs were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 materials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 materials 3 methods
1 materials 9 with
1 materials 10 mild
1 materials 14 were
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 8 volunteers
4 : 9 with
5 ten 8 volunteers
6 korean 8 volunteers
7 female 8 volunteers
10 mild 11 to
11 to 13 nlfs
12 severe 13 nlfs
14 were 15 enrolled

in the control group , five subjects were treated with ha filler alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 4 group
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 subjects
2 the 4 group
3 control 4 group
6 five 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 were
8 were 9 treated
9 treated 10 with
10 with 11 ha
11 ha 12 filler
12 filler 13 alone

in the experimental group , the other five subjects were treated with intradermal rf prior to ha filler . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 4 group
1 in 5 ,
1 in 9 subjects
2 the 4 group
3 experimental 4 group
6 the 7 other
7 other 8 five
8 five 9 subjects
9 subjects 10 were
10 were 11 treated
11 treated 12 with
11 treated 16 to
11 treated 18 filler
12 with 14 rf
13 intradermal 14 rf
15 prior 16 to
16 to 17 ha

efficacy was evaluated [based] on the change on the wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) and the global aesthetic improvement scale ( gais ) from baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 efficacy 2 was
2 was 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 5 on
3 evaluated 8 on
5 on 7 change
6 the 7 change
8 on 17 and
9 the 15 wsrs
10 wrinkle 11 severity
11 severity 12 rating
12 rating 13 scale
13 scale 15 wsrs
14 ( 15 wsrs
15 wsrs 16 )
15 wsrs 17 and
17 and 24 gais
17 and 26 from
18 the 24 gais
19 global 20 aesthetic
20 aesthetic 21 improvement
21 improvement 22 scale
22 scale 24 gais
23 ( 24 gais
24 gais 25 )
26 from 27 baseline

results : at 12 and 24 weeks after treatment , the experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in mean wsrs score compared to the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 at
3 at 4 12
5 and 6 24
5 and 22 compared
6 24 7 weeks
6 24 21 score
6 24 22 compared
7 weeks 13 group
7 weeks 14 showed
7 weeks 19 mean
8 after 9 treatment
8 after 10 ,
8 after 13 group
11 the 13 group
12 experimental 13 group
13 group 14 showed
14 showed 17 improvement
14 showed 18 in
15 significantly 16 greater
16 greater 17 improvement
19 mean 20 wsrs
19 mean 21 score
20 wsrs 21 score
22 compared 23 to
23 to 26 group
24 the 26 group
25 control 26 group

and two [(] 40 % [ )(of the five patients in the experimental group achieved ['] very much improved ['] and two ( 40 % ) showed ['] much improved ['] at 12 weeks after treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 and 2 two
1 and 19 improved
2 two 5 %
2 two 15 achieved
2 two 19 improved
4 40 5 %
5 % 7 )(of
5 % 11 in
5 % 15 achieved
7 )(of 10 patients
8 the 9 five
9 five 10 patients
11 in 14 group
12 the 14 group
13 experimental 14 group
15 achieved 18 much
17 very 18 much
21 and 22 two
21 and 27 showed
22 two 25 %
22 two 27 showed
23 ( 25 %
24 40 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 showed 29 much
29 much 30 improved
30 improved 32 at
30 improved 35 after
32 at 34 weeks
33 12 34 weeks
35 after 36 treatment

conclusions : intradermal rf treatment prior to ha filler injection may provide synergistic and long - lasting effects for the reduction of nlf wrinkles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 treatment
2 : 7 to
2 : 14 and
3 intradermal 4 rf
4 rf 5 treatment
6 prior 7 to
7 to 9 filler
8 ha 9 filler
9 filler 10 injection
9 filler 12 provide
10 injection 11 may
11 may 12 provide
13 synergistic 14 and
14 and 15 long
16 - 18 effects
17 lasting 18 effects
18 effects 19 for
18 effects 22 of
19 for 21 reduction
20 the 21 reduction
22 of 24 wrinkles
23 nlf 24 wrinkles

aim : the aim of this article is to describe the physical challenges that ageing nurses experience and the facility design features that can promote healthy work environments to motivate nurses to continue working . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 is
2 : 18 and
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 is
5 of 7 article
6 this 7 article
8 is 9 to
9 to 10 describe
10 describe 13 challenges
11 the 13 challenges
12 physical 13 challenges
13 challenges 14 that
13 challenges 17 experience
14 that 16 nurses
14 that 17 experience
15 ageing 16 nurses
16 nurses 17 experience
18 and 22 features
18 and 30 motivate
19 the 22 features
20 facility 22 features
21 design 22 features
22 features 23 that
22 features 29 to
22 features 30 motivate
23 that 24 can
24 can 25 promote
25 promote 28 environments
25 promote 29 to
26 healthy 27 work
27 work 28 environments
30 motivate 31 nurses
30 motivate 32 to
30 motivate 33 continue
32 to 33 continue
33 continue 34 working

background : older nurses are working longer [and] beyond the usual retirement age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 nurses
2 : 5 are
2 : 14 .
3 older 4 nurses
4 nurses 5 are
5 are 6 working
6 working 7 longer
6 working 9 beyond
9 beyond 13 age
10 the 13 age
11 usual 12 retirement
12 retirement 13 age

they often experience chronic fatigue and the usual physical and cognitive changes associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 they 3 experience
2 often 3 experience
3 experience 5 fatigue
4 chronic 5 fatigue
6 and 12 changes
6 and 13 associated
7 the 12 changes
8 usual 12 changes
9 physical 10 and
10 and 11 cognitive
10 and 12 changes
12 changes 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 aging

nursing is a physically demanding profession and many older nurses work in pain while providing direct patient care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nursing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 nursing 2 is
2 is 6 profession
3 a 4 physically
3 a 6 profession
4 physically 5 demanding
5 demanding 6 profession
7 and 10 nurses
7 and 11 work
8 many 10 nurses
9 older 10 nurses
10 nurses 11 work
11 work 12 in
11 work 13 pain
11 work 14 while
14 while 15 providing
15 providing 18 care
16 direct 18 care
17 patient 18 care

the literature is replete with studies focusing on the organisational factors that retain older nurses , but little research addresses design factors that facilitate nurses working longer and more safely in direct patient care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 literature
2 literature 3 is
3 is 4 replete
4 replete 5 with
5 with 6 studies
6 studies 7 focusing
6 studies 8 on
6 studies 12 that
6 studies 13 retain
8 on 11 factors
9 the 11 factors
10 organisational 11 factors
12 that 13 retain
13 retain 15 nurses
14 older 15 nurses
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 research
17 but 20 addresses
18 little 19 research
19 research 20 addresses
20 addresses 22 factors
20 addresses 28 and
20 addresses 30 safely
20 addresses 31 in
21 design 22 factors
22 factors 23 that
22 factors 24 facilitate
22 factors 26 working
23 that 24 facilitate
24 facilitate 25 nurses
27 longer 28 and
28 and 29 more
31 in 34 care
32 direct 34 care
33 patient 34 care

evaluation : electronic databases in medicine , nursing , psychology , and architecture were searched and evidence - based , [non] - evidence - based , and review articles and government and organisational newsletters were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 evaluation 2 :
2 : 4 databases
3 electronic 4 databases
4 databases 5 in
5 in 6 medicine
7 , 12 and
7 , 16 and
7 , 22 -
8 nursing 9 ,
9 , 10 psychology
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 architecture
12 and 14 were
14 were 16 and
15 searched 16 and
16 and 17 evidence
16 and 19 based
18 - 19 based
19 based 20 ,
22 - 23 evidence
22 - 27 and
23 evidence 25 based
24 - 25 based
25 based 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 32 and
27 and 35 were
28 review 29 articles
29 articles 30 and
30 and 31 government
30 and 32 and
32 and 34 newsletters
32 and 35 were
33 organisational 34 newsletters
35 were 36 evaluated

key issues : hospital design can help address the physical work challenges that older nurses experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 key 2 issues
3 : 5 design
3 : 7 help
3 : 17 .
4 hospital 5 design
5 design 6 can
6 can 7 help
7 help 8 address
8 address 12 challenges
9 the 12 challenges
10 physical 11 work
11 work 12 challenges
12 challenges 13 that
12 challenges 16 experience
13 that 15 nurses
13 that 16 experience
14 older 15 nurses
15 nurses 16 experience

conclusions : older nurses have a wealth of knowledge and expertise , and the design of nursing units can optimize their work experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 nurses
2 : 5 have
2 : 24 .
3 older 4 nurses
4 nurses 5 have
5 have 13 and
6 a 13 and
7 wealth 8 of
7 wealth 10 and
8 of 9 knowledge
10 and 11 expertise
10 and 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 design
13 and 16 of
14 the 15 design
16 of 17 nursing
17 nursing 18 units
17 nursing 20 optimize
18 units 19 can
19 can 20 optimize
20 optimize 23 experience
21 their 23 experience
22 work 23 experience

implications for nursing management : nurse managers must participate in design efforts and advocate designs that support aging nurses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 implications 2 for
2 for 3 nursing
3 nursing 4 management
5 : 7 managers
5 : 13 and
6 nurse 7 managers
7 managers 13 and
8 must 9 participate
8 must 13 and
9 participate 10 in
10 in 12 efforts
11 design 12 efforts
13 and 14 advocate
14 advocate 15 designs
15 designs 16 that
15 designs 19 nurses
16 that 17 support
16 that 19 nurses
17 support 18 aging
17 support 19 nurses

materials and methods : patients ( n = 100 [ )(seeking skin rejuvenation underwent co2 laser resurfacing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 patients
4 : 14 underwent
4 : 18 .
5 patients 8 =
5 patients 14 underwent
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 100
9 100 11 )(seeking
11 )(seeking 13 rejuvenation
12 skin 13 rejuvenation
14 underwent 17 resurfacing
15 co2 17 resurfacing
16 laser 17 resurfacing

group a patients ( n = 34 ) received a single deep fractional laser treatment followed by application of aquaphor immediately after treatment for 24 h and [toe] every 6 h for the next 6 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 group 2 a
1 group 3 patients
3 patients 6 =
3 patients 9 received
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 34
6 = 8 )
9 received 15 treatment
9 received 22 after
10 a 11 single
10 a 15 treatment
11 single 14 laser
12 deep 14 laser
13 fractional 14 laser
14 laser 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 followed
15 treatment 19 of
16 followed 17 by
17 by 18 application
19 of 20 aquaphor
21 immediately 22 after
22 after 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 for
24 for 27 and
25 24 26 h
26 h 27 and
27 and 31 h
27 and 32 for
29 every 30 6
30 6 31 h
32 for 36 days
33 the 34 next
33 the 35 6
35 6 36 days

group b patients ( n = 66 ) underwent both deep [fractional] and fully ablative laser resurfacing followed by application of toe every 6 h for 7 consecutive days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 group 2 b
1 group 3 patients
3 patients 6 =
3 patients 9 underwent
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 66
6 = 8 )
9 underwent 10 both
9 underwent 11 deep
13 and 17 resurfacing
13 and 18 followed
14 fully 15 ablative
15 ablative 16 laser
16 laser 17 resurfacing
17 resurfacing 18 followed
18 followed 19 by
18 followed 25 h
19 by 20 application
20 application 21 of
21 of 22 toe
23 every 24 6
24 6 25 h
25 h 26 for
26 for 29 days
27 7 29 days
28 consecutive 29 days

results : patients in both groups showed clinical improvement and a 7.1 % overall incidence of adverse effects which included milia ( 5.1 % [overall] ) and hyperpigmentation ( 3.1 % [overall] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 7 showed
2 : 34 .
3 patients 4 in
3 patients 7 showed
4 in 6 groups
5 both 6 groups
7 showed 9 improvement
7 showed 10 and
8 clinical 9 improvement
10 and 27 and
11 a 15 incidence
12 7.1 13 %
13 % 15 incidence
14 overall 15 incidence
15 incidence 16 of
15 incidence 27 and
16 of 18 effects
17 adverse 18 effects
18 effects 19 which
18 effects 20 included
18 effects 24 %
19 which 20 included
20 included 21 milia
22 ( 24 %
23 5.1 24 %
24 % 26 )
27 and 28 hyperpigmentation
27 and 31 %
29 ( 31 %
30 3.1 31 %
31 % 33 )

for milia , group a and group b individual adverse effect rates were 11.8 [%] and 1.5 % , respectively ; for hyperpigmentation , individual rates were 0.0 [%] and 3.1 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
1 for 2 milia
1 for 3 ,
1 for 6 and
4 group 5 a
4 group 6 and
6 and 12 rates
6 and 13 were
7 group 8 b
7 group 9 individual
9 individual 12 rates
10 adverse 11 effect
11 effect 12 rates
13 were 18 %
13 were 20 respectively
14 11.8 16 and
16 and 17 1.5
16 and 18 %
19 , 20 respectively
20 respectively 21 ;
21 ; 26 rates
21 ; 27 were
22 for 23 hyperpigmentation
22 for 24 ,
22 for 26 rates
25 individual 26 rates
26 rates 27 were
27 were 32 %
27 were 34 respectively
28 0.0 30 and
30 and 31 3.1
30 and 32 %
33 , 34 respectively
34 respectively 35 .

conclusion : the elimination of petrolatum products in the post [-] skin care regimen has significantly reduced the incidence of post - procedure complications [when] compared with the use of toe , resulting in the lowest incidence of complications in [fully] ablative or fractional resurfacing published thus far . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 4 elimination
2 : 17 reduced
3 the 4 elimination
4 elimination 5 of
4 elimination 15 has
5 of 7 products
6 petrolatum 7 products
7 products 8 in
8 in 14 regimen
9 the 14 regimen
10 post 14 regimen
12 skin 14 regimen
13 care 14 regimen
15 has 17 reduced
16 significantly 17 reduced
17 reduced 19 incidence
17 reduced 48 far
18 the 19 incidence
19 incidence 20 of
19 incidence 33 resulting
20 of 21 post
21 post 24 complications
22 - 24 complications
23 procedure 24 complications
24 complications 26 compared
24 complications 30 of
24 complications 32 ,
26 compared 27 with
27 with 29 use
28 the 29 use
30 of 31 toe
33 resulting 34 in
33 resulting 40 in
34 in 37 incidence
35 the 36 lowest
35 the 37 incidence
37 incidence 38 of
38 of 39 complications
40 in 43 or
42 ablative 43 or
43 or 44 fractional
43 or 45 resurfacing
43 or 46 published
45 resurfacing 46 published
47 thus 48 far

background : [microdermabrasion] is a surface treatment [,] noninvasive , which uses a negative pressure and drives programmable inert microcrystals on the skin , causing an exfoliation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 is
4 is 7 treatment
4 is 9 noninvasive
5 a 7 treatment
6 surface 7 treatment
10 , 11 which
10 , 16 and
11 which 16 and
12 uses 15 pressure
12 uses 16 and
13 a 15 pressure
14 negative 15 pressure
16 and 17 drives
17 drives 20 microcrystals
18 programmable 20 microcrystals
19 inert 20 microcrystals
20 microcrystals 21 on
20 microcrystals 25 causing
21 on 23 skin
22 the 23 skin
24 , 25 causing
25 causing 27 exfoliation
25 causing 28 .
26 an 27 exfoliation

objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of microdermabrasion in human skin rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 evaluate
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 evaluate
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 effects
10 evaluate 17 in
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 application
14 application 15 of
15 of 16 microdermabrasion
17 in 20 rejuvenation
18 human 20 rejuvenation
19 skin 20 rejuvenation

methods : eleven women who were undergoing abdominoplasty were considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 women
2 : 10 considered
2 : 11 .
3 eleven 4 women
4 women 5 who
4 women 6 were
4 women 9 were
5 who 6 were
6 were 7 undergoing
7 undergoing 8 abdominoplasty
9 were 10 considered

an area of 25 cm² in the umbilicus to the right was conditioned with microcrystals of al₂o₃ in maximum flow , negative pressure of 200 mmhg and total of 8 past , the left side being used as control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 conditioned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 an 2 area
2 area 3 of
2 area 9 to
2 area 12 was
3 of 5 cm²
4 25 5 cm²
5 cm² 6 in
6 in 8 umbilicus
7 the 8 umbilicus
9 to 11 right
10 the 11 right
12 was 13 conditioned
13 conditioned 14 with
13 conditioned 18 in
14 with 15 microcrystals
15 microcrystals 16 of
16 of 17 al₂o₃
18 in 20 flow
19 maximum 20 flow
21 , 31 past
21 , 32 ,
22 negative 23 pressure
23 pressure 24 of
23 pressure 27 and
24 of 26 mmhg
25 200 26 mmhg
27 and 28 total
27 and 29 of
27 and 31 past
29 of 30 8
32 , 34 left
32 , 35 side
33 the 34 left
34 left 35 side
35 side 36 being
35 side 38 as
36 being 37 used
38 as 39 control

the number of sessions ranged from one to five , with weekly intervals , and timing [of] sample collection ranged from 0 to 132 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 15 and
3 of 4 sessions
4 sessions 5 ranged
4 sessions 11 with
5 ranged 8 to
6 from 8 to
7 one 8 to
8 to 9 five
10 , 11 with
11 with 13 intervals
11 with 14 ,
12 weekly 13 intervals
14 , 15 and
15 and 19 collection
15 and 20 ranged
15 and 21 from
16 timing 19 collection
18 sample 19 collection
21 from 25 days
22 0 23 to
23 to 24 132
23 to 25 days

samples were fixed in 10 % formaldehyde in phosphate [buffer] and were evaluated histologically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 samples 2 were
2 were 11 and
3 fixed 4 in
3 fixed 7 formaldehyde
3 fixed 8 in
3 fixed 11 and
5 10 6 %
6 % 7 formaldehyde
8 in 9 phosphate
11 and 12 were
11 and 14 histologically
12 were 13 evaluated

results : a mild [to] marked hyperpigmentation was observed and remained for a variable period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 15 period
3 a 4 mild
3 a 15 period
4 mild 7 hyperpigmentation
6 marked 7 hyperpigmentation
7 hyperpigmentation 8 was
8 was 10 and
9 observed 10 and
10 and 11 remained
11 remained 12 for
12 for 14 variable
13 a 14 variable

histological findings suggest an improvement in the epidermal layer with increased thickness and reestablishing their interdigitations in the dermis initially observed an increase in collagen synthesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 histological 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 improvement
3 suggest 6 in
3 suggest 10 with
4 an 5 improvement
6 in 9 layer
7 the 9 layer
8 epidermal 9 layer
10 with 12 thickness
11 increased 12 thickness
13 and 14 reestablishing
13 and 21 observed
14 reestablishing 16 interdigitations
14 reestablishing 17 in
14 reestablishing 20 initially
14 reestablishing 21 observed
15 their 16 interdigitations
17 in 19 dermis
18 the 19 dermis
21 observed 23 increase
21 observed 24 in
22 an 23 increase
24 in 26 synthesis
25 collagen 26 synthesis

the analysis showed a late stay of epidermal changes , which did not occur in the dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 6 stay
4 a 5 late
4 a 6 stay
5 late 6 stay
6 stay 7 of
7 of 9 changes
8 epidermal 9 changes
10 , 11 which
10 , 14 occur
11 which 12 did
12 did 13 not
12 did 14 occur
14 occur 15 in
15 in 17 dermis
16 the 17 dermis

conclusion : under the conditions and parameters used in this work , the microdermabrasion had a positive skin structure , showing that a viable resource in promoting skin rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 under
2 : 9 in
3 under 6 and
4 the 5 conditions
5 conditions 6 and
6 and 7 parameters
6 and 8 used
9 in 11 work
10 this 11 work
12 , 14 microdermabrasion
12 , 15 had
13 the 14 microdermabrasion
14 microdermabrasion 15 had
15 had 19 structure
15 had 21 showing
16 a 17 positive
16 a 19 structure
17 positive 18 skin
18 skin 19 structure
20 , 21 showing
21 showing 22 that
21 showing 25 resource
21 showing 30 .
23 a 24 viable
23 a 25 resource
24 viable 25 resource
25 resource 26 in
26 in 27 promoting
27 promoting 29 rejuvenation
28 skin 29 rejuvenation

introduction : skin resurfacing is an accepted gold standard for the treatment of skin laxity [,] [photodamage] , and appearance of visible lines and wrinkles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 skin
2 : 5 is
2 : 26 .
3 skin 4 resurfacing
3 skin 5 is
5 is 9 standard
6 an 9 standard
7 accepted 9 standard
8 gold 9 standard
9 standard 10 for
9 standard 13 of
10 for 12 treatment
11 the 12 treatment
13 of 24 and
14 skin 15 laxity
15 laxity 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 appearance
19 and 21 of
19 and 24 and
21 of 23 lines
22 visible 23 lines
24 and 25 wrinkles

however , the relatively significant risk and the long downtime associated with whole area resurfacing treatments have led to the introduction of fractional resurfacing lasers and radiofrequency ( rf ) technologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 and
3 the 6 risk
4 relatively 5 significant
5 significant 6 risk
6 risk 7 and
7 and 10 downtime
7 and 18 led
8 the 10 downtime
9 long 10 downtime
10 downtime 11 associated
10 downtime 12 with
12 with 14 area
13 whole 14 area
14 area 15 resurfacing
14 area 16 treatments
14 area 17 have
16 treatments 17 have
18 led 19 to
18 led 31 technologies
19 to 26 and
20 the 21 introduction
21 introduction 22 of
21 introduction 26 and
22 of 25 lasers
23 fractional 25 lasers
24 resurfacing 25 lasers
26 and 27 radiofrequency
26 and 29 rf
28 ( 29 rf
29 rf 30 )

this study was performed in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the new trifractional technology using the 3f applicator ( a3f ) , designed to enable skin resurfacing and treatment of wrinkles using fractional rf energy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 25 ,
3 was 4 performed
3 was 25 ,
4 performed 5 in
5 in 6 order
6 order 7 to
6 order 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 11 and
9 the 10 safety
10 safety 11 and
11 and 12 efficacy
11 and 13 of
11 and 18 using
11 and 23 a3f
13 of 17 technology
14 the 17 technology
15 new 17 technology
16 trifractional 17 technology
18 using 21 applicator
19 the 20 3f
20 3f 21 applicator
22 ( 23 a3f
23 a3f 24 )
25 , 26 designed
25 , 27 to
25 , 38 energy
27 to 28 enable
28 enable 31 and
29 skin 30 resurfacing
29 skin 31 and
31 and 32 treatment
31 and 33 of
31 and 35 using
33 of 34 wrinkles
35 using 37 rf
36 fractional 37 rf

methods : thirty - two subjects were recruited in two sites and were treated with the a3f for the reduction of facial wrinkles and followed for 3 months after the last treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 6 subjects
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 subjects
6 subjects 12 and
7 were 8 recruited
7 were 12 and
8 recruited 9 in
9 in 11 sites
10 two 11 sites
12 and 24 and
12 and 26 for
13 were 14 treated
13 were 24 and
14 treated 15 with
15 with 17 a3f
15 with 18 for
16 the 17 a3f
18 for 20 reduction
19 the 20 reduction
20 reduction 21 of
21 of 23 wrinkles
22 facial 23 wrinkles
24 and 25 followed
26 for 28 months
27 3 28 months
28 months 29 after
29 after 32 treatment
30 the 31 last
30 the 32 treatment

the safety of using the trifractional system was established by the physicians ' assessments and observations of adverse events after each treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 safety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 safety
2 safety 3 of
2 safety 8 was
3 of 4 using
4 using 7 system
5 the 7 system
6 trifractional 7 system
8 was 9 established
9 established 10 by
9 established 20 after
10 by 15 and
11 the 12 physicians
12 physicians 13 '
13 ' 14 assessments
14 assessments 15 and
15 and 16 observations
15 and 17 of
17 of 19 events
18 adverse 19 events
20 after 22 treatment
21 each 22 treatment

to evaluate treatment efficacy , subject 's pretreatment and posttreatment digital images were assessed and graded by two blinded uninvolved physicians based on fitzpatrick wrinkle and elastosis scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 5 ,
1 to 7 's
2 evaluate 4 efficacy
2 evaluate 5 ,
3 treatment 4 efficacy
5 , 6 subject
7 's 8 pretreatment
9 and 12 images
9 and 15 and
10 posttreatment 12 images
11 digital 12 images
12 images 13 were
13 were 15 and
14 assessed 15 and
15 and 16 graded
15 and 17 by
15 and 21 physicians
17 by 18 two
18 two 19 blinded
19 blinded 20 uninvolved
21 physicians 22 based
21 physicians 26 and
21 physicians 28 scale
22 based 23 on
23 on 24 fitzpatrick
25 wrinkle 26 and
26 and 27 elastosis
26 and 28 scale

results : no significant adverse side effects were detected or reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 effects
2 : 10 or
2 : 12 .
3 no 7 effects
4 significant 6 side
5 adverse 6 side
6 side 7 effects
7 effects 10 or
8 were 9 detected
8 were 10 or
10 or 11 reported

evaluation of photographs of study subjects at baseline and 3 months follow - up by the two blinded physicians , revealed improvement [(] downgrade of at least 1 score according to the fitzpatrick scale [ )(in 80 % and 73 % of subjects as graded by the two reviewers [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 follow
1 evaluation 9 and
2 of 3 photographs
2 of 9 and
3 photographs 4 of
4 of 5 study
6 subjects 7 at
6 subjects 9 and
7 at 8 baseline
9 and 11 months
9 and 12 follow
10 3 11 months
12 follow 14 up
12 follow 24 downgrade
13 - 14 up
14 up 15 by
14 up 20 ,
15 by 19 physicians
16 the 19 physicians
17 two 19 physicians
18 blinded 19 physicians
21 revealed 24 downgrade
22 improvement 24 downgrade
24 downgrade 25 of
25 of 30 according
26 at 27 least
27 least 28 1
28 1 30 according
29 score 30 according
30 according 31 to
30 according 36 )(in
31 to 34 scale
32 the 34 scale
33 fitzpatrick 34 scale
36 )(in 39 and
37 80 38 %
37 80 39 and
39 and 40 73
39 and 46 by
40 73 41 %
41 % 42 of
41 % 45 graded
42 of 43 subjects
44 as 45 graded
46 by 49 reviewers
47 the 48 two
48 two 49 reviewers

study subjects reported no pain to moderate pain during treatment with no need of pain relief medication beyond topical anesthesia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 study 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 reported
3 reported 5 pain
3 reported 6 to
3 reported 7 moderate
4 no 5 pain
6 to 7 moderate
7 moderate 8 pain
8 pain 9 during
8 pain 14 of
9 during 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 with
11 with 13 need
12 no 13 need
14 of 17 medication
15 pain 17 medication
16 relief 17 medication
17 medication 18 beyond
18 beyond 20 anesthesia
19 topical 20 anesthesia

the majority of study subjects ( 83.3 % ) noted that treatment results met their expectations to different extent levels , and most of study subjects ( 70 % ) indicated that they will recommend the a3f treatment to their friends . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 22 and
3 of 4 study
4 study 14 met
5 subjects 8 %
5 subjects 10 noted
6 ( 8 %
7 83.3 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 noted 11 that
11 that 13 results
11 that 14 met
12 treatment 13 results
13 results 14 met
14 met 16 expectations
14 met 21 ,
15 their 16 expectations
16 expectations 17 to
17 to 20 levels
18 different 19 extent
19 extent 20 levels
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 most
22 and 24 of
22 and 31 indicated
24 of 26 subjects
25 study 26 subjects
26 subjects 29 %
27 ( 29 %
28 70 29 %
29 % 30 )
31 indicated 32 that
32 that 33 they
32 that 35 recommend
33 they 34 will
34 will 35 recommend
35 recommend 38 treatment
35 recommend 39 to
36 the 38 treatment
37 a3f 38 treatment
39 to 41 friends
40 their 41 friends

conclusions : the results of this study clearly indicate that the trifractional technology using the 3f applicator provides a safe , tolerable , and effective treatment of facial wrinkles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 9 indicate
2 : 21 ,
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 9 indicate
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 clearly 9 indicate
9 indicate 10 that
10 that 13 technology
10 that 18 provides
11 the 13 technology
12 trifractional 13 technology
13 technology 14 using
13 technology 18 provides
14 using 17 applicator
15 the 17 applicator
16 3f 17 applicator
18 provides 20 safe
19 a 20 safe
21 , 24 and
22 tolerable 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 treatment
24 and 27 of
25 effective 26 treatment
27 of 29 wrinkles
28 facial 29 wrinkles

the current study investigated the effect of education on retrospective metamemory accuracy in 143 healthy older adults and 143 early to moderate alzheimer 's disease ( ad [ )(patients , using retrospective measures of confidence in the accuracy of retrieval responses in an episodic odor recognition memory task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 8 education
8 education 9 on
9 on 12 accuracy
10 retrospective 11 metamemory
11 metamemory 12 accuracy
12 accuracy 13 in
13 in 17 adults
14 143 17 adults
15 healthy 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 and 19 143
18 and 24 's
19 143 20 early
19 143 24 's
20 early 21 to
21 to 23 alzheimer
22 moderate 23 alzheimer
24 's 25 disease
24 's 31 using
25 disease 29 )(patients
26 ( 29 )(patients
27 ad 29 )(patients
29 )(patients 30 ,
31 using 33 measures
31 using 42 in
32 retrospective 33 measures
33 measures 34 of
33 measures 36 in
34 of 35 confidence
36 in 38 accuracy
37 the 38 accuracy
38 accuracy 39 of
39 of 41 responses
40 retrieval 41 responses
42 in 48 task
43 an 44 episodic
43 an 48 task
44 episodic 48 task
45 odor 48 task
46 recognition 48 task
47 memory 48 task

relative confidence accuracy was computed as the difference between confidence judgments for correct and incorrect responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 relative 2 confidence
2 confidence 3 accuracy
3 accuracy 4 was
4 was 5 computed
5 computed 6 as
5 computed 9 between
6 as 8 difference
7 the 8 difference
9 between 11 judgments
10 confidence 11 judgments
11 judgments 12 for
12 for 16 responses
13 correct 14 and
14 and 15 incorrect
14 and 16 responses

in both ad patients and controls , individuals reporting 17 years of education or more had significantly more accurate levels of confidence than individuals with 12 years or less . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 5 and
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 individuals
2 both 5 and
3 ad 4 patients
4 patients 5 and
5 and 6 controls
8 individuals 9 reporting
8 individuals 16 had
9 reporting 10 17
9 reporting 14 or
11 years 12 of
11 years 14 or
12 of 13 education
14 or 15 more
16 had 20 levels
16 had 23 than
16 had 25 with
17 significantly 18 more
18 more 20 levels
19 accurate 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 22 confidence
23 than 24 individuals
25 with 26 12
25 with 28 or
27 years 28 or
28 or 29 less

thus , education was a significant predictor of retrospective metamemory accuracy in healthy aging and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 education
3 education 4 was
4 was 7 predictor
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 predictor
6 significant 7 predictor
7 predictor 8 of
8 of 11 accuracy
9 retrospective 11 accuracy
10 metamemory 11 accuracy
11 accuracy 12 in
12 in 15 and
13 healthy 14 aging
13 healthy 15 and
15 and 16 ad

objectives : there is a growing consensus worldwide [that] palliative care needs to be both more inclusive [of] conditions other than cancer and to improve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 26 .
3 there 4 is
4 is 10 palliative
5 a 10 palliative
6 growing 10 palliative
7 consensus 10 palliative
8 worldwide 10 palliative
10 palliative 11 care
10 palliative 12 needs
11 care 12 needs
12 needs 13 to
12 needs 23 and
13 to 23 and
14 be 19 conditions
14 be 21 than
14 be 23 and
15 both 19 conditions
16 more 17 inclusive
17 inclusive 19 conditions
20 other 21 than
21 than 22 cancer
23 and 24 to
23 and 25 improve
24 to 25 improve

this paper explores some common challenges currently faced by professionals providing palliative care for patients with either cancer or dementia across five countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 explores
3 explores 6 challenges
3 explores 9 by
4 some 6 challenges
5 common 6 challenges
6 challenges 8 faced
7 currently 8 faced
9 by 10 professionals
10 professionals 11 providing
10 professionals 16 with
11 providing 13 care
12 palliative 13 care
13 care 14 for
14 for 15 patients
16 with 19 or
17 either 18 cancer
18 cancer 19 or
19 or 20 dementia
19 or 21 across
21 across 23 countries
22 five 23 countries

method : one focus group ( n=7 ) and 67 interviews were conducted in 2012 across five countries : england , germany , italy , the netherlands and norway , with professionals from dementia , cancer and palliative care settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 5 group
2 : 9 and
3 one 5 group
4 focus 5 group
5 group 7 n=7
6 ( 7 n=7
7 n=7 8 )
9 and 10 67
9 and 19 :
10 67 11 interviews
10 67 12 were
10 67 13 conducted
10 67 19 :
11 interviews 12 were
13 conducted 14 in
14 in 15 2012
15 2012 16 across
16 across 18 countries
17 five 18 countries
19 : 20 england
19 : 31 with
20 england 28 and
21 , 28 and
22 germany 23 ,
23 , 24 italy
23 , 25 ,
25 , 27 netherlands
25 , 28 and
26 the 27 netherlands
28 and 29 norway
28 and 30 ,
31 with 37 and
32 professionals 33 from
32 professionals 37 and
33 from 36 cancer
34 dementia 35 ,
34 dementia 36 cancer
37 and 40 settings
38 palliative 39 care
39 care 40 settings

results : the interviews revealed five common challenges faced across the five countries : communication difficulties ( between services ; [and] [between] professionals , and patients and their families ) ; the variable extent of structural/functional integration [of] services [;] the difficulties in funding of palliative care services [;] problematic processes of care ( boundaries , definitions , knowledge , skills and inclusiveness ) [and] , [finally] , time constraints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 interviews
2 : 14 :
3 the 4 interviews
4 interviews 5 revealed
5 revealed 8 challenges
5 revealed 9 faced
6 five 8 challenges
7 common 8 challenges
8 challenges 9 faced
9 faced 10 across
10 across 13 countries
11 the 12 five
12 five 13 countries
14 : 16 difficulties
14 : 20 ;
15 communication 16 difficulties
16 difficulties 18 between
17 ( 18 between
18 between 19 services
18 between 20 ;
20 ; 27 and
20 ; 31 ;
23 professionals 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 patients
25 and 27 and
27 and 29 families
27 and 30 )
28 their 29 families
31 ; 34 extent
32 the 34 extent
33 variable 34 extent
34 extent 35 of
34 extent 39 services
35 of 37 integration
36 structural/functional 37 integration
39 services 42 difficulties
39 services 43 in
41 the 42 difficulties
43 in 44 funding
44 funding 45 of
44 funding 47 care
44 funding 48 services
44 funding 52 of
45 of 46 palliative
47 care 48 services
48 services 51 processes
50 problematic 51 processes
52 of 53 care
53 care 55 boundaries
53 care 59 knowledge
54 ( 55 boundaries
55 boundaries 57 definitions
55 boundaries 58 ,
56 , 57 definitions
57 definitions 58 ,
58 , 59 knowledge
59 knowledge 62 and
59 knowledge 70 constraints
59 knowledge 71 .
60 , 62 and
61 skills 62 and
62 and 63 inclusiveness
62 and 64 )
62 and 66 ,
68 , 70 constraints
69 time 70 constraints
70 constraints 71 .

conclusion : these are not problems distinct to palliative care , but they may have different origins and explanations compared to other areas of health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 these
2 : 4 are
2 : 12 but
2 : 27 .
3 these 4 are
4 are 5 not
4 are 6 problems
6 problems 7 distinct
7 distinct 8 to
8 to 10 care
9 palliative 10 care
11 , 12 but
12 but 15 have
12 but 20 compared
13 they 14 may
14 may 15 have
15 have 18 and
15 have 20 compared
16 different 17 origins
17 origins 18 and
18 and 19 explanations
20 compared 21 to
21 to 23 areas
22 other 23 areas
23 areas 24 of
24 of 26 care
25 health 26 care

this paper explored deeper themes hidden behind a discourse about barriers and facilitators to improving care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 explored
3 explored 5 themes
3 explored 10 about
3 explored 14 to
4 deeper 5 themes
5 themes 6 hidden
6 hidden 7 behind
7 behind 9 discourse
8 a 9 discourse
10 about 12 and
11 barriers 12 and
12 and 13 facilitators
14 to 15 improving
15 improving 16 care

objectives : reminiscence is a popular intervention for seniors , but , with mixed evidence supporting its efficacy , questions have been raised about the mechanisms underlying improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 reminiscence
2 : 4 is
2 : 11 but
2 : 29 .
3 reminiscence 4 is
4 is 7 intervention
5 a 6 popular
5 a 7 intervention
6 popular 7 intervention
7 intervention 8 for
8 for 9 seniors
10 , 11 but
11 but 20 questions
11 but 23 raised
12 , 13 with
13 with 15 evidence
13 with 19 ,
13 with 20 questions
14 mixed 15 evidence
15 evidence 16 supporting
16 supporting 18 efficacy
17 its 18 efficacy
20 questions 21 have
21 have 22 been
22 been 23 raised
23 raised 24 about
24 about 26 mechanisms
25 the 26 mechanisms
26 mechanisms 27 underlying
27 underlying 28 improvement

the present paper addresses this question by investigating the degree to which health effects depend on the development of a shared sense of group identification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 addresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 paper
2 present 3 paper
3 paper 4 addresses
4 addresses 6 question
5 this 6 question
6 question 7 by
7 by 8 investigating
7 by 14 effects
7 by 15 depend
8 investigating 10 degree
8 investigating 11 to
9 the 10 degree
11 to 12 which
11 to 13 health
12 which 13 health
14 effects 15 depend
15 depend 16 on
16 on 18 development
17 the 18 development
18 development 19 of
18 development 23 of
19 of 22 sense
20 a 22 sense
21 shared 22 sense
23 of 25 identification
24 group 25 identification

this is examined in the context of traditional story [-] based reminiscence as well as novel forms of song [-] based reminiscence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 examined
3 examined 4 in
3 examined 15 as
4 in 6 context
5 the 6 context
6 context 7 of
7 of 12 reminiscence
8 traditional 9 story
9 story 11 based
11 based 12 reminiscence
13 as 14 well
14 well 15 as
15 as 17 forms
16 novel 17 forms
17 forms 18 of
18 of 22 reminiscence
19 song 21 based
21 based 22 reminiscence

method : as the focus of a manualized intervention , 40 participants were randomly assigned to secular [song] ( n=13 ) , religious song [(] n=13 ) , or standard story reminiscence ( n=14 ) groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 as
3 as 5 focus
4 the 5 focus
5 focus 6 of
6 of 9 intervention
7 a 9 intervention
8 manualized 9 intervention
9 intervention 11 40
10 , 11 40
11 40 12 participants
11 40 15 assigned
11 40 27 )
12 participants 13 were
13 were 15 assigned
14 randomly 15 assigned
15 assigned 16 to
16 to 26 n=13
17 secular 20 n=13
17 secular 22 ,
17 secular 24 song
19 ( 20 n=13
20 n=13 21 )
23 religious 24 song
24 song 26 n=13
28 , 29 or
29 or 32 reminiscence
29 or 36 groups
30 standard 31 story
31 story 32 reminiscence
32 reminiscence 34 n=14
32 reminiscence 36 groups
33 ( 34 n=14
34 n=14 35 )

these were run over six weeks with cognitive performance , anxiety , and life satisfaction measured before and after the intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 run
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 were
2 were 3 run
3 run 4 over
3 run 7 with
4 over 6 weeks
5 six 6 weeks
7 with 13 and
8 cognitive 9 performance
9 performance 10 ,
10 , 11 anxiety
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 satisfaction
13 and 16 measured
14 life 15 satisfaction
16 measured 18 and
17 before 18 and
18 and 19 after
19 after 21 intervention
20 the 21 intervention

measures [of] [group] fit were included to examine whether social identification contributed to outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 measures 4 fit
1 measures 5 were
5 were 6 included
6 included 7 to
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 9 whether
9 whether 11 identification
9 whether 12 contributed
10 social 11 identification
11 identification 12 contributed
12 contributed 13 to
13 to 14 outcomes

results : no evidence of change emerged over time as a function of intervention form alone , but analysis of identification data revealed significant interactions with the type of reminiscence group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 evidence
2 : 7 emerged
2 : 18 but
3 no 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 of
4 evidence 7 emerged
5 of 6 change
7 emerged 8 over
7 emerged 10 as
7 emerged 16 alone
8 over 9 time
10 as 12 function
11 a 12 function
12 function 13 of
13 of 15 form
14 intervention 15 form
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 analysis
18 but 23 revealed
19 analysis 20 of
19 analysis 23 revealed
20 of 22 data
21 identification 22 data
23 revealed 25 interactions
24 significant 25 interactions
25 interactions 26 with
26 with 29 of
27 the 29 of
28 type 29 of
29 of 31 group
30 reminiscence 31 group

specifically , initial fit with the story reminiscence group [was] associated with enhanced cognitive outcomes and greater life satisfaction , while fit with the religious song reminiscence [group] was associated with greater life satisfaction and less anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 initial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 3 initial
3 initial 19 satisfaction
4 fit 5 with
4 fit 12 with
4 fit 16 and
5 with 7 story
5 with 11 associated
6 the 7 story
8 reminiscence 9 group
9 group 11 associated
12 with 15 outcomes
13 enhanced 15 outcomes
14 cognitive 15 outcomes
16 and 17 greater
16 and 19 satisfaction
18 life 19 satisfaction
20 , 27 reminiscence
20 , 30 associated
21 while 22 fit
21 while 27 reminiscence
22 fit 23 with
23 with 26 song
24 the 26 song
25 religious 26 song
27 reminiscence 29 was
29 was 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
31 with 35 and
32 greater 33 life
33 life 34 satisfaction
34 satisfaction 35 and
35 and 37 anxiety
36 less 37 anxiety

conclusion : these findings show that group identification is a key moderator through which reminiscence promotes health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 show
2 : 19 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 show
5 show 7 group
5 show 12 moderator
6 that 7 group
7 group 8 identification
7 group 9 is
8 identification 9 is
10 a 12 moderator
11 key 12 moderator
12 moderator 13 through
13 through 14 which
13 through 15 reminiscence
13 through 16 promotes
15 reminiscence 16 promotes
16 promotes 18 outcomes
17 health 18 outcomes

implications for theory and practice highlight an inherent limitation in randomized controlled trials insofar as they may compromise participants ' group identification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 6 highlight
2 for 4 and
3 theory 4 and
4 and 5 practice
6 highlight 9 limitation
6 highlight 10 in
6 highlight 15 as
7 an 8 inherent
7 an 9 limitation
8 inherent 9 limitation
10 in 13 trials
11 randomized 13 trials
12 controlled 13 trials
14 insofar 15 as
15 as 16 they
15 as 18 compromise
16 they 17 may
17 may 18 compromise
18 compromise 22 identification
19 participants 20 '
20 ' 22 identification
21 group 22 identification

background : in korea , nicotine replacement therapy ( nrt ) has been widely used in government - led , public health center - based smoking cessation services since 2004 and varenicline has become available from 2007 but without reimbursement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 korea
3 in 4 korea
5 , 8 therapy
5 , 15 used
5 , 20 ,
6 nicotine 7 replacement
7 replacement 8 therapy
8 therapy 10 nrt
8 therapy 12 has
9 ( 10 nrt
10 nrt 11 )
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 widely
13 been 15 used
15 used 16 in
15 used 19 led
16 in 17 government
18 - 19 led
19 led 20 ,
20 , 23 center
20 , 24 -
21 public 22 health
22 health 23 center
24 - 26 smoking
24 - 31 and
25 based 26 smoking
26 smoking 27 cessation
26 smoking 28 services
27 cessation 28 services
28 services 29 since
29 since 30 2004
31 and 32 varenicline
31 and 34 become
32 varenicline 33 has
33 has 34 become
34 become 35 available
35 available 36 from
35 available 38 but
36 from 37 2007
38 but 39 without
39 without 40 reimbursement

in this study which used a series of nationwide cross - sectional surveys in korea performed from 2005 to 2011 , we examined the prevalence of smoking cessation medication use and factors associated with it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 10 cross
2 this 3 study
3 study 4 which
3 study 5 used
4 which 5 used
5 used 7 series
6 a 7 series
7 series 8 of
8 of 9 nationwide
11 - 13 surveys
11 - 21 ,
12 sectional 13 surveys
13 surveys 14 in
13 surveys 16 performed
14 in 15 korea
16 performed 19 to
17 from 19 to
18 2005 19 to
19 to 20 2011
21 , 22 we
21 , 23 examined
21 , 31 and
22 we 23 examined
23 examined 25 prevalence
24 the 25 prevalence
25 prevalence 26 of
26 of 27 smoking
27 smoking 30 use
28 cessation 30 use
29 medication 30 use
31 and 32 factors
31 and 33 associated
32 factors 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 35 it

methods : we analyzed data from the third to fifth waves of korean national health and nutrition examination survey ( 2005 - 2011 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analyzed
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 data
4 analyzed 9 to
5 data 6 from
6 from 8 third
7 the 8 third
9 to 16 and
10 fifth 11 waves
11 waves 12 of
11 waves 16 and
12 of 15 health
13 korean 15 health
14 national 15 health
16 and 19 survey
16 and 22 -
17 nutrition 18 examination
18 examination 19 survey
20 ( 22 -
21 2005 22 -
22 - 23 2011
22 - 24 )

prevalence of each smoking cessation method use was calculated for each year , and its secular trend was tested by multivariate logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 prevalence 2 of
1 prevalence 8 was
2 of 4 smoking
3 each 4 smoking
4 smoking 7 use
5 cessation 7 use
6 method 7 use
8 was 9 calculated
9 calculated 10 for
10 for 12 year
11 each 12 year
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 trend
14 and 19 tested
15 its 17 trend
16 secular 17 trend
17 trend 18 was
18 was 19 tested
19 tested 20 by
20 by 23 regression
21 multivariate 23 regression
22 logistic 23 regression

results : among smokers who made quit [attempt] during the previous year , 15.7 % had used smoking cessation medications,15.3 % [had] used nrt , and 0.7 % had used prescription medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 quit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 among
2 : 7 quit
3 among 4 smokers
4 smokers 5 who
4 smokers 6 made
5 who 6 made
7 quit 9 during
9 during 12 year
10 the 11 previous
10 the 12 year
13 , 15 %
13 , 16 had
13 , 26 and
14 15.7 15 %
15 % 16 had
16 had 24 nrt
17 used 18 smoking
18 smoking 19 cessation
19 cessation 24 nrt
20 medications,15.3 24 nrt
21 % 24 nrt
23 used 24 nrt
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 %
26 and 29 had
27 0.7 28 %
28 % 29 had
29 had 32 medication
30 used 31 prescription
31 prescription 32 medication

there was a significant increasing trend for nrt use ( p<0.001 ) during the study period , but use of prescription medication did not show any increase over time ( p = 0.654 ) education on smoking prevention and cessation was associated with smoking cessation medications use ( or 2.08 , 95 % ci 1.58 - 2.75 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
1 there 2 was
2 was 6 trend
3 a 6 trend
4 significant 6 trend
5 increasing 6 trend
6 trend 7 for
6 trend 13 during
7 for 9 use
8 nrt 9 use
9 use 11 p<0.001
10 ( 11 p<0.001
11 p<0.001 12 )
13 during 16 period
14 the 16 period
15 study 16 period
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 use
18 but 25 show
19 use 20 of
19 use 23 did
20 of 22 medication
21 prescription 22 medication
23 did 24 not
23 did 25 show
25 show 27 increase
25 show 32 =
25 show 35 education
25 show 42 associated
26 any 27 increase
27 increase 28 over
28 over 29 time
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.654
32 = 34 )
35 education 36 on
35 education 41 was
36 on 37 smoking
37 smoking 39 and
38 prevention 39 and
39 and 40 cessation
41 was 42 associated
42 associated 43 with
43 with 44 smoking
44 smoking 47 use
45 cessation 46 medications
46 medications 47 use
47 use 49 or
47 use 54 ci
48 ( 49 or
49 or 50 2.08
49 or 51 ,
51 , 54 ci
52 95 54 ci
53 % 54 ci
54 ci 55 1.58
54 ci 57 2.75
54 ci 59 .
56 - 57 2.75
57 2.75 58 )

conclusions : while the use of nrt has increased over years through government - sponsored smoking cessation programs , use of prescription drugs remained very low and flat [probably] due to lack of reimbursement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 while
3 while 5 use
3 while 9 increased
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
5 use 8 has
6 of 7 nrt
8 has 9 increased
9 increased 10 over
10 over 11 years
11 years 17 cessation
11 years 18 programs
12 through 13 government
12 through 14 -
12 through 17 cessation
15 sponsored 17 cessation
16 smoking 17 cessation
17 cessation 18 programs
19 , 27 and
20 use 21 of
20 use 27 and
21 of 22 prescription
22 prescription 23 drugs
22 prescription 24 remained
23 drugs 24 remained
24 remained 26 low
25 very 26 low
27 and 28 flat
27 and 31 to
27 and 33 of
30 due 31 to
31 to 32 lack
33 of 34 reimbursement

education of smokers about effective smoking cessation methods and change in reimbursement policy are suggested to stimulate evidence - based smoking cessation practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 education 2 of
1 education 4 about
1 education 9 and
2 of 3 smokers
4 about 8 methods
5 effective 6 smoking
6 smoking 7 cessation
7 cessation 8 methods
9 and 10 change
9 and 11 in
9 and 14 are
11 in 13 policy
12 reimbursement 13 policy
14 are 15 suggested
15 suggested 16 to
16 to 17 stimulate
17 stimulate 18 evidence
19 - 23 practice
19 - 24 .
20 based 21 smoking
21 smoking 23 practice
22 cessation 23 practice

background : the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 months of whole - body electromyostimulation ( wb - ems ) exercise on appendicular muscle mass and abdominal fat mass in subjects specifically at risk for sarcopenia and abdominal obesity , but unable or unwilling to exercise conventionally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
2 : 5 aim
2 : 52 exercise
3 the 5 aim
4 primary 5 aim
5 aim 6 of
5 aim 9 was
6 of 8 study
7 this 8 study
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 determine
10 to 11 determine
11 determine 32 and
11 determine 35 mass
12 the 13 effect
13 effect 14 of
13 effect 32 and
14 of 15 12
15 12 16 months
15 12 31 mass
16 months 17 of
16 months 31 mass
17 of 27 exercise
18 whole 21 electromyostimulation
18 whole 27 exercise
19 - 21 electromyostimulation
20 body 21 electromyostimulation
21 electromyostimulation 25 ems
21 electromyostimulation 26 )
22 ( 25 ems
23 wb 25 ems
24 - 25 ems
25 ems 26 )
27 exercise 28 on
28 on 30 muscle
29 appendicular 30 muscle
32 and 34 fat
32 and 35 mass
33 abdominal 34 fat
35 mass 36 in
35 mass 38 specifically
35 mass 39 at
35 mass 51 to
36 in 37 subjects
39 at 43 and
40 risk 41 for
40 risk 43 and
41 for 42 sarcopenia
43 and 45 obesity
43 and 46 ,
43 and 47 but
44 abdominal 45 obesity
47 but 49 or
48 unable 49 or
49 or 50 unwilling
51 to 52 exercise
52 exercise 53 conventionally

whole - body and regional body composition was assessed by dual energy x - ray absorptiometry to determine appendicular muscle [mass] , upper leg muscle mass , abdominal fat mass , and upper leg fat mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 whole 2 -
1 whole 3 body
4 and 7 composition
4 and 14 -
5 regional 6 body
6 body 7 composition
7 composition 8 was
8 was 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 by
10 by 12 energy
11 dual 12 energy
12 energy 13 x
13 x 14 -
14 - 15 ray
15 ray 16 absorptiometry
16 absorptiometry 17 to
16 absorptiometry 18 determine
17 to 18 determine
18 determine 32 and
18 determine 36 mass
19 appendicular 20 muscle
20 muscle 22 ,
22 , 26 mass
22 , 27 ,
23 upper 24 leg
24 leg 26 mass
25 muscle 26 mass
27 , 30 mass
27 , 32 and
28 abdominal 30 mass
29 fat 30 mass
31 , 32 and
32 and 35 fat
32 and 36 mass
33 upper 34 leg
34 leg 35 fat

maximum strength of the leg extensors was determined isometrically by force plates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 maximum 2 strength
2 strength 3 of
2 strength 7 was
3 of 6 extensors
4 the 6 extensors
5 leg 6 extensors
7 was 8 determined
8 determined 9 isometrically
8 determined 10 by
10 by 12 plates
11 force 12 plates

results : after 12 months , significant intergroup differences were detected for the primary end - points of appendicular muscle mass [(] 0.5 % ± 2.0 % for the wb - ems group versus - 0.8 % ± 2.0 % for the control group , p=0.025 [ )(and abdominal fat mass [(] - 1.2 % ± 5.9 % for the wb - ems group versus 2.4 % ± 5.8 % for the control group , p=0.038 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 after
3 after 5 months
4 12 5 months
6 , 9 differences
6 , 15 end
6 , 16 -
7 significant 8 intergroup
8 intergroup 9 differences
9 differences 10 were
10 were 11 detected
11 detected 12 for
12 for 14 primary
13 the 14 primary
14 primary 15 end
16 - 17 points
17 points 18 of
18 of 25 ±
19 appendicular 25 ±
20 muscle 21 mass
21 mass 25 ±
23 0.5 24 %
24 % 25 ±
25 ± 27 %
25 ± 33 group
25 ± 34 versus
26 2.0 27 %
27 % 28 for
27 % 33 group
28 for 32 ems
29 the 32 ems
30 wb 32 ems
31 - 32 ems
34 versus 38 ±
35 - 36 0.8
36 0.8 37 %
37 % 38 ±
38 ± 40 %
38 ± 44 group
39 2.0 40 %
40 % 41 for
40 % 44 group
41 for 43 control
42 the 43 control
44 group 53 -
45 , 53 -
46 p=0.025 48 )(and
48 )(and 51 mass
48 )(and 53 -
49 abdominal 51 mass
50 fat 51 mass
53 - 56 ±
54 1.2 55 %
55 % 56 ±
56 ± 58 %
56 ± 64 group
56 ± 65 versus
57 5.9 58 %
58 % 59 for
58 % 64 group
59 for 63 ems
60 the 63 ems
61 wb 63 ems
62 - 63 ems
65 versus 68 ±
66 2.4 67 %
67 % 68 ±
68 ± 70 %
68 ± 74 group
68 ± 76 p=0.038
69 5.8 70 %
70 % 71 for
70 % 74 group
71 for 73 control
72 the 73 control
75 , 76 p=0.038
76 p=0.038 78 )(

with respect to functional parameters , the effects for leg extensor strength were again significant , with more favorable changes in the wb - ems group [(] 9.1 % ± 11.2 % versus 1.0 % ± 8.1 % in the control group , p=0.010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 with 2 respect
1 with 6 ,
1 with 8 effects
2 respect 3 to
3 to 5 parameters
4 functional 5 parameters
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 for
8 effects 13 were
9 for 12 strength
10 leg 12 strength
11 extensor 12 strength
13 were 14 again
13 were 15 significant
16 , 29 %
16 , 30 ±
17 with 20 changes
17 with 29 %
18 more 19 favorable
19 favorable 20 changes
20 changes 21 in
21 in 26 group
22 the 26 group
23 wb 25 ems
24 - 25 ems
25 ems 26 group
28 9.1 29 %
29 % 30 ±
30 ± 32 %
31 11.2 32 %
32 % 33 versus
32 % 44 p=0.010
33 versus 36 ±
34 1.0 36 ±
35 % 36 ±
36 ± 38 %
36 ± 42 group
37 8.1 38 %
38 % 39 in
38 % 42 group
39 in 41 control
40 the 41 control
43 , 44 p=0.010
44 p=0.010 45 )

conclusion : in summary , wb - ems showed positive effects on the parameters of sarcopenia and regional fat accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 8 ems
2 : 9 showed
3 in 6 wb
3 in 7 -
3 in 8 ems
4 summary 5 ,
4 summary 6 wb
8 ems 9 showed
9 showed 11 effects
9 showed 12 on
10 positive 11 effects
12 on 17 and
13 the 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 of
14 parameters 17 and
15 of 16 sarcopenia
17 and 20 accumulation
18 regional 20 accumulation
19 fat 20 accumulation

further , considering the good acceptance of this technology by this nonsportive elderly cohort at risk for sarcopenia and abdominal obesity , wb [-] ems may be [a] less off - putting alternative to impact appendicular muscle [mass] and abdominal fat mass , at least for subjects unwilling or unable to exercise conventionally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 further
1 further 3 considering
1 further 6 acceptance
1 further 10 by
2 , 3 considering
3 considering 5 good
4 the 5 good
6 acceptance 7 of
7 of 9 technology
8 this 9 technology
10 by 14 cohort
11 this 14 cohort
12 nonsportive 14 cohort
13 elderly 14 cohort
14 cohort 15 at
14 cohort 17 for
15 at 16 risk
17 for 19 and
18 sarcopenia 19 and
19 and 21 obesity
19 and 31 -
20 abdominal 21 obesity
22 , 31 -
23 wb 25 ems
23 wb 30 off
23 wb 31 -
25 ems 26 may
26 may 27 be
27 be 29 less
27 be 30 off
31 - 39 and
32 putting 33 alternative
33 alternative 34 to
33 alternative 39 and
34 to 37 muscle
35 impact 37 muscle
36 appendicular 37 muscle
39 and 42 mass
39 and 46 for
40 abdominal 42 mass
41 fat 42 mass
43 , 45 least
43 , 46 for
44 at 45 least
46 for 47 subjects
46 for 54 .
47 subjects 49 or
48 unwilling 49 or
49 or 50 unable
50 unable 51 to
50 unable 52 exercise
51 to 52 exercise
52 exercise 53 conventionally

objective : to determine whether older adults with diabetes are at increased risk of an injurious fall requiring hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 20 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
5 whether 7 adults
5 whether 10 are
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 with
7 adults 10 are
8 with 9 diabetes
10 are 11 at
11 at 13 risk
12 increased 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 17 fall
15 an 16 injurious
15 an 17 fall
16 injurious 17 fall
17 fall 18 requiring
18 requiring 19 hospitalization

research design and methods : the longitudinal health , aging , and body composition study included 3,075 adults aged 70 - 79 years at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 research 2 design
2 design 3 and
3 and 4 methods
4 methods 5 :
5 : 8 health
6 the 8 health
7 longitudinal 8 health
9 , 12 and
9 , 16 included
9 , 21 -
10 aging 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 study
12 and 16 included
13 body 14 composition
14 composition 15 study
16 included 18 adults
17 3,075 18 adults
18 adults 19 aged
19 aged 20 70
21 - 23 years
22 79 23 years
23 years 24 at
24 at 25 baseline

hospitalizations that included icd - 9 - clinical modification codes for a fall and an injury were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 hospitalizations 2 that
2 that 3 included
3 included 4 icd
5 - 6 9
5 - 7 -
6 9 7 -
7 - 8 clinical
8 clinical 17 were
9 modification 10 codes
10 codes 11 for
10 codes 14 and
11 for 13 fall
12 a 13 fall
14 and 16 injury
14 and 17 were
15 an 16 injury
17 were 18 identified

the effect of diabetes [with] and [without] insulin use on the rate of first fall - related injury hospitalization was assessed using proportional hazards models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 6 and
3 of 4 diabetes
6 and 9 use
8 insulin 9 use
9 use 10 on
10 on 12 rate
11 the 12 rate
12 rate 13 of
13 of 15 fall
14 first 15 fall
15 fall 21 assessed
15 fall 22 using
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 injury
17 related 21 assessed
18 injury 19 hospitalization
18 injury 20 was
19 hospitalization 20 was
22 using 25 models
23 proportional 24 hazards
24 hazards 25 models

results : at baseline , 719 participants had diabetes , and 117 of them were using insulin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 at
3 at 4 baseline
5 , 7 participants
5 , 8 had
5 , 11 and
6 719 7 participants
7 participants 8 had
8 had 9 diabetes
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 117
11 and 15 were
12 117 13 of
12 117 15 were
13 of 14 them
15 were 16 using
16 using 17 insulin

of the 293 participants who were hospitalized for a fall - related injury , 71 had diabetes , and 16 were using insulin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 71
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 of 4 participants
1 of 15 71
2 the 3 293
3 293 4 participants
4 participants 5 who
4 participants 6 were
4 participants 13 injury
5 who 6 were
6 were 7 hospitalized
7 hospitalized 8 for
8 for 10 fall
9 a 10 fall
11 - 13 injury
12 related 13 injury
13 injury 14 ,
15 71 16 had
16 had 17 diabetes
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 16
19 and 21 were
20 16 21 were
21 were 22 using
22 using 23 insulin

diabetes was associated with a higher rate of injurious fall requiring hospitalization ( hazard [ratio] [ hr ] 1.48 [ 95 % ci 1.12 - 1.95 ] ) in models adjusted for age , race , sex , bmi , and education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 diabetes 2 was
2 was 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 29 in
4 with 7 rate
4 with 19 1.48
5 a 7 rate
6 higher 7 rate
7 rate 8 of
7 rate 11 requiring
7 rate 14 hazard
8 of 10 fall
9 injurious 10 fall
11 requiring 12 hospitalization
13 ( 14 hazard
14 hazard 17 hr
14 hazard 18 ]
16 [ 17 hr
17 hr 18 ]
19 1.48 23 ci
20 [ 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 24 1.12
23 ci 26 1.95
23 ci 28 )
25 - 26 1.95
26 1.95 27 ]
29 in 30 models
30 models 31 adjusted
31 adjusted 32 for
32 for 41 and
33 age 34 ,
34 , 35 race
34 , 36 ,
36 , 37 sex
36 , 38 ,
38 , 39 bmi
38 , 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 education

in those participants using insulin , compared with participants without diabetes , the hr was 3.00 ( 1.78 - 5.07 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 hr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 participants
1 in 14 hr
2 those 3 participants
3 participants 4 using
4 using 5 insulin
4 using 7 compared
6 , 7 compared
7 compared 8 with
7 compared 10 without
7 compared 12 ,
8 with 9 participants
10 without 11 diabetes
13 the 14 hr
14 hr 15 was
15 was 16 3.00
16 3.00 19 -
17 ( 19 -
18 1.78 19 -
19 - 20 5.07
19 - 21 )

additional adjustment for potential intermediaries , such as fainting in the past year , standing balance score , cystatin c level , and number of prescription medications , accounted for some of the increased risk associated with diabetes ( 1.41 [ 1.05 - 1.88 ] ) and insulin - treated diabetes ( 2.24 [ 1.24 - 4.03 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 accounted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 additional 2 adjustment
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 8 as
2 adjustment 29 accounted
3 for 5 intermediaries
4 potential 5 intermediaries
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 23 and
8 as 28 ,
9 fainting 10 in
9 fainting 14 ,
10 in 13 year
11 the 12 past
11 the 13 year
14 , 17 score
14 , 18 ,
15 standing 17 score
16 balance 17 score
18 , 21 level
18 , 23 and
19 cystatin 20 c
19 cystatin 21 level
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 number
23 and 25 of
25 of 27 medications
26 prescription 27 medications
29 accounted 30 for
30 for 31 some
31 some 32 of
32 of 47 and
33 the 35 risk
34 increased 35 risk
35 risk 36 associated
35 risk 37 with
35 risk 47 and
37 with 38 diabetes
38 diabetes 40 1.41
39 ( 40 1.41
40 1.41 43 -
40 1.41 46 )
41 [ 43 -
42 1.05 43 -
43 - 44 1.88
43 - 45 ]
47 and 48 insulin
47 and 51 diabetes
49 - 51 diabetes
50 treated 51 diabetes
51 diabetes 53 2.24
51 diabetes 59 )
52 ( 53 2.24
53 2.24 55 1.24
53 2.24 59 )
54 [ 55 1.24
55 1.24 57 4.03
55 1.24 59 )
56 - 57 4.03
57 4.03 58 ]

among participants with diabetes , a history of falling , poor standing balance score , and a1c level ≥8 % were risk factors for an injurious fall requiring hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 history
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 among 2 participants
1 among 5 ,
1 among 7 history
2 participants 3 with
3 with 4 diabetes
6 a 7 history
7 history 8 of
7 history 21 were
8 of 20 %
9 falling 10 ,
10 , 14 score
10 , 16 and
11 poor 12 standing
12 standing 14 score
13 balance 14 score
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 level
16 and 19 ≥8
17 a1c 18 level
19 ≥8 20 %
21 were 23 factors
22 risk 23 factors
23 factors 24 for
23 factors 28 requiring
24 for 27 fall
25 an 26 injurious
25 an 27 fall
26 injurious 27 fall
28 requiring 29 hospitalization

conclusions : older adults with diabetes , in [particular] those using insulin , are at greater risk of an injurious fall requiring hospitalization than those without diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 14 are
2 : 28 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 8 in
4 adults 14 are
5 with 6 diabetes
7 , 8 in
8 in 10 those
8 in 13 ,
10 those 11 using
11 using 12 insulin
14 are 15 at
14 are 22 requiring
15 at 17 risk
16 greater 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 21 fall
19 an 20 injurious
19 an 21 fall
20 injurious 21 fall
22 requiring 23 hospitalization
22 requiring 24 than
22 requiring 26 without
24 than 25 those
26 without 27 diabetes

among those with diabetes , poor glycemic control may increase the risk of an injurious fall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 among 2 those
1 among 5 ,
1 among 8 control
2 those 3 with
3 with 4 diabetes
6 poor 8 control
7 glycemic 8 control
8 control 9 may
9 may 10 increase
10 increase 12 risk
11 the 12 risk
12 risk 13 of
13 of 16 fall
14 an 15 injurious
14 an 16 fall
15 injurious 16 fall

none none background : lifelong exercise training maintains a youthful compliance of the left ventricle ( lv ) , whereas a year of exercise training started later in life fails to reverse lv stiffening , possibly because of accumulation of irreversible advanced glycation end products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 maintains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 none 3 background
1 none 7 training
1 none 8 maintains
2 none 3 background
3 background 4 :
4 : 6 exercise
5 lifelong 6 exercise
6 exercise 7 training
8 maintains 11 compliance
9 a 11 compliance
10 youthful 11 compliance
11 compliance 12 of
11 compliance 17 lv
12 of 15 ventricle
13 the 15 ventricle
14 left 15 ventricle
16 ( 17 lv
17 lv 18 )
19 , 25 training
19 , 30 fails
20 whereas 22 year
20 whereas 25 training
21 a 22 year
22 year 23 of
23 of 24 exercise
25 training 26 started
25 training 30 fails
26 started 27 later
26 started 28 in
28 in 29 life
30 fails 31 to
30 fails 38 of
31 to 32 reverse
32 reverse 33 lv
32 reverse 34 stiffening
35 , 36 possibly
35 , 38 of
37 because 38 of
38 of 39 accumulation
38 of 46 .
39 accumulation 40 of
40 of 45 products
41 irreversible 43 glycation
42 advanced 43 glycation
43 glycation 44 end
44 end 45 products

alagebrium breaks advanced glycation [end] [product] crosslinks and improves lv stiffness in aged animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alagebrium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 breaks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 alagebrium 2 breaks
2 breaks 4 glycation
3 advanced 4 glycation
4 glycation 8 and
7 crosslinks 8 and
8 and 9 improves
8 and 11 stiffness
8 and 12 in
9 improves 10 lv
12 in 14 animals
13 aged 14 animals

however , it is unclear whether a strategy of exercise combined with alagebrium would improve lv [stiffness] in sedentary older humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 unclear
5 unclear 6 whether
6 whether 8 strategy
6 whether 15 improve
7 a 8 strategy
8 strategy 9 of
8 strategy 14 would
9 of 10 exercise
10 exercise 11 combined
11 combined 12 with
12 with 13 alagebrium
14 would 15 improve
15 improve 16 lv
15 improve 18 in
18 in 21 humans
19 sedentary 21 humans
20 older 21 humans

methods and results : sixty - two healthy subjects were randomized into 4 groups : sedentary+placebo [;] sedentary+alagebrium ( 200 mg/d ) ; exercise+placebo [;] and exercise+alagebrium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 9 subjects
4 : 11 randomized
4 : 15 :
4 : 16 sedentary+placebo
4 : 23 ;
5 sixty 6 -
6 - 7 two
6 - 9 subjects
8 healthy 9 subjects
9 subjects 10 were
10 were 11 randomized
11 randomized 12 into
12 into 14 groups
13 4 14 groups
15 : 16 sedentary+placebo
16 sedentary+placebo 18 sedentary+alagebrium
18 sedentary+alagebrium 21 mg/d
19 ( 21 mg/d
20 200 21 mg/d
21 mg/d 22 )
23 ; 26 and
24 exercise+placebo 26 and
26 and 27 exercise+alagebrium

subjects underwent right heart catheterization to define [lv] pressure - volume curves ; secondary functional outcomes included cardiopulmonary exercise testing and arterial compliance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 subjects 2 underwent
2 underwent 5 catheterization
2 underwent 6 to
3 right 4 heart
4 heart 5 catheterization
6 to 7 define
7 define 9 pressure
10 - 12 curves
10 - 13 ;
11 volume 12 curves
13 ; 16 outcomes
13 ; 18 cardiopulmonary
14 secondary 16 outcomes
15 functional 16 outcomes
16 outcomes 17 included
16 outcomes 18 cardiopulmonary
18 cardiopulmonary 21 and
19 exercise 20 testing
20 testing 21 and
21 and 23 compliance
22 arterial 23 compliance

a total of 57 of 62 subjects [(] 67 ± 6 years ; 37 f/20 m [ )(completed 1 year of intervention followed by repeat measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 5 of
2 total 7 subjects
3 of 4 57
5 of 6 62
7 subjects 12 years
9 67 12 years
10 ± 12 years
11 6 12 years
13 ; 16 m
13 ; 18 )(completed
14 37 16 m
15 f/20 16 m
16 m 18 )(completed
18 )(completed 20 year
19 1 20 year
20 year 21 of
21 of 22 intervention
22 intervention 23 followed
23 followed 24 by
24 by 26 measurements
25 repeat 26 measurements

pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and [lv] end - diastolic volume were measured at baseline , during decreased and increased cardiac filling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 pulmonary 2 capillary
2 capillary 4 pressure
3 wedge 4 pressure
4 pressure 5 and
5 and 7 end
8 - 10 volume
8 - 11 were
9 diastolic 10 volume
10 volume 11 were
11 were 12 measured
12 measured 13 at
13 at 14 baseline
14 baseline 16 during
15 , 16 during
16 during 18 and
16 during 22 .
17 decreased 18 and
18 and 19 increased
19 increased 21 filling
20 cardiac 21 filling

lv [stiffness] was assessed by the slope of lv [pressure] - volume curve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 lv 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 by
5 by 7 slope
6 the 7 slope
7 slope 8 of
8 of 9 lv
11 - 13 curve
11 - 14 .
12 volume 13 curve

after intervention , [lv] mass and end - diastolic volume increased and exercise capacity improved ( by ≈8 % ) only in the exercise groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 after 6 and
1 after 8 -
1 after 12 and
2 intervention 3 ,
3 , 5 mass
3 , 6 and
6 and 7 end
9 diastolic 10 volume
10 volume 11 increased
10 volume 12 and
12 and 14 capacity
12 and 15 improved
13 exercise 14 capacity
15 improved 17 by
15 improved 21 only
16 ( 17 by
17 by 19 %
17 by 20 )
18 ≈8 19 %
21 only 22 in
22 in 25 groups
23 the 25 groups
24 exercise 25 groups

neither [lv] mass nor exercise capacity was affected by alagebrium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 neither 3 mass
3 mass 4 nor
4 nor 6 capacity
4 nor 7 was
5 exercise 6 capacity
7 was 8 affected
8 affected 9 by
9 by 10 alagebrium

exercise training had little impact on lv stiffness ( training × time effect , p=0.46 ) , whereas alagebrium showed a modest improvement in lv stiffness compared with placebo [(] medication × time effect , p=0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 exercise 2 training
2 training 3 had
3 had 4 little
3 had 5 impact
5 impact 6 on
5 impact 8 stiffness
5 impact 10 training
5 impact 18 whereas
6 on 7 lv
9 ( 10 training
10 training 13 effect
10 training 16 )
11 × 13 effect
12 time 13 effect
13 effect 15 p=0.46
14 , 15 p=0.46
15 p=0.46 16 )
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 19 alagebrium
19 alagebrium 20 showed
20 showed 23 improvement
20 showed 26 stiffness
21 a 22 modest
21 a 23 improvement
22 modest 23 improvement
23 improvement 24 in
24 in 25 lv
26 stiffness 27 compared
26 stiffness 28 with
26 stiffness 36 p=0.04
28 with 34 effect
29 placebo 31 medication
31 medication 34 effect
32 × 34 effect
33 time 34 effect
35 , 36 p=0.04
36 p=0.04 37 )

conclusions : alagebrium had no effect on hemodynamics , [lv] geometry , or exercise capacity in healthy , previously sedentary seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 alagebrium
2 : 4 had
2 : 22 .
3 alagebrium 4 had
4 had 6 effect
4 had 7 on
4 had 16 in
5 no 6 effect
7 on 13 or
8 hemodynamics 9 ,
9 , 11 geometry
9 , 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 15 capacity
14 exercise 15 capacity
16 in 21 seniors
17 healthy 18 ,
17 healthy 21 seniors
19 previously 20 sedentary
20 sedentary 21 seniors

however , it did show a modestly favorable effect on age - associated [lv] stiffening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 did
4 did 5 show
5 show 9 effect
5 show 10 on
6 a 7 modestly
6 a 9 effect
7 modestly 8 favorable
8 favorable 9 effect
10 on 11 age
12 - 15 stiffening
13 associated 15 stiffening

clinical trial registration - url : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 url
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 clinical 2 trial
2 trial 3 registration
3 registration 5 url
4 - 5 url
5 url 6 :
6 : 7 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov

unique identifier : nct01014572 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identifier
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 unique 2 identifier
3 : 4 nct01014572
3 : 5 .

the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of age on cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) , muscle strength and heart rate ( hr ) [response] to exercise adaptation in women in response to a long - term twice - weekly combined aerobic and resistance exercise program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 30 to
8 to 9 analyze
9 analyze 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
11 effects 23 and
12 of 13 age
13 age 14 on
14 on 16 fitness
15 cardiorespiratory 16 fitness
16 fitness 18 crf
17 ( 18 crf
18 crf 19 )
20 , 23 and
21 muscle 22 strength
22 strength 23 and
23 and 25 rate
23 and 27 hr
23 and 28 )
24 heart 25 rate
26 ( 27 hr
27 hr 28 )
30 to 31 exercise
31 exercise 32 adaptation
31 exercise 37 to
31 exercise 42 twice
32 adaptation 33 in
33 in 34 women
35 in 36 response
36 response 37 to
37 to 41 term
38 a 39 long
38 a 41 term
39 long 40 -
39 long 41 term
43 - 47 and
44 weekly 45 combined
44 weekly 47 and
45 combined 46 aerobic
47 and 50 program
48 resistance 50 program
49 exercise 50 program

exercise training improved crf and muscle strength in all age groups ( p<0.05 ) , and no significant differences were observed between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 exercise 2 training
2 training 3 improved
4 crf 5 and
5 and 6 muscle
5 and 16 and
5 and 20 were
5 and 21 observed
7 strength 8 in
7 strength 16 and
8 in 11 groups
9 all 11 groups
10 age 11 groups
11 groups 13 p<0.05
12 ( 13 p<0.05
13 p<0.05 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 differences
16 and 20 were
17 no 19 differences
18 significant 19 differences
21 observed 22 between
22 between 23 groups

exercise training also improved resting hr and recovery hr in yg and emg ( p<0.05 ) , but not in lmg and og . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
1 exercise 2 training
1 exercise 18 but
2 training 4 improved
2 training 5 resting
3 also 4 improved
5 resting 7 and
6 hr 7 and
7 and 9 hr
8 recovery 9 hr
10 in 12 and
10 in 18 but
11 yg 12 and
12 and 13 emg
13 emg 15 p<0.05
14 ( 15 p<0.05
15 p<0.05 16 )
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 not
18 but 20 in
20 in 23 og
21 lmg 22 and
22 and 23 og
23 og 24 .

maximal hr did not change in any group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 maximal 2 hr
2 hr 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 change
5 change 6 in
6 in 8 group
7 any 8 group

combined aerobic and resistance training at a frequency of 2 [days] / week improves crf and muscle strength throughout the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 improves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 combined 5 training
2 aerobic 3 and
3 and 4 resistance
3 and 5 training
5 training 6 at
5 training 9 of
5 training 14 improves
6 at 8 frequency
7 a 8 frequency
9 of 13 week
10 2 13 week
12 / 13 week
14 improves 16 and
14 improves 19 throughout
15 crf 16 and
16 and 18 strength
17 muscle 18 strength
19 throughout 21 lifespan
20 the 21 lifespan

however , exercise - induced improvements in the hr recovery response to exercise may be impaired in late [middle] - aged and older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 exercise
4 - 6 improvements
4 - 16 impaired
4 - 25 .
5 induced 6 improvements
6 improvements 7 in
6 improvements 14 may
7 in 11 response
8 the 11 response
9 hr 11 response
10 recovery 11 response
11 response 12 to
12 to 13 exercise
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 impaired
16 impaired 17 in
17 in 24 women
18 late 20 -
18 late 24 women
21 aged 22 and
22 and 23 older
22 and 24 women

here we present [and] develop the hypothesis that the derepression of endogenous retrotransposable elements ( rtes ) - " genomic parasites " - is an important and hitherto [under] [-] unexplored molecular aging process that can potentially occur in most tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 here 3 present
2 we 3 present
3 present 5 develop
5 develop 7 hypothesis
6 the 7 hypothesis
7 hypothesis 8 that
8 that 10 derepression
8 that 24 is
9 the 10 derepression
10 derepression 11 of
10 derepression 24 is
11 of 14 elements
12 endogenous 14 elements
13 retrotransposable 14 elements
14 elements 16 rtes
14 elements 21 parasites
15 ( 16 rtes
16 rtes 17 )
18 - 19 "
18 - 21 parasites
20 genomic 21 parasites
21 parasites 22 "
21 parasites 23 -
24 is 34 process
25 an 34 process
26 important 27 and
27 and 31 unexplored
27 and 34 process
28 hitherto 31 unexplored
32 molecular 34 process
33 aging 34 process
34 process 35 that
34 process 36 can
35 that 36 can
36 can 38 occur
37 potentially 38 occur
38 occur 39 in
39 in 41 tissues
40 most 41 tissues

we further envision that the activation and continued presence of retrotransposition contribute to age - associated tissue degeneration and pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 envision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 we 3 envision
2 further 3 envision
3 envision 4 that
4 that 7 and
4 that 12 contribute
5 the 6 activation
6 activation 7 and
7 and 9 presence
7 and 10 of
7 and 12 contribute
8 continued 9 presence
10 of 11 retrotransposition
12 contribute 13 to
13 to 14 age
15 - 19 and
15 - 21 .
16 associated 17 tissue
17 tissue 18 degeneration
18 degeneration 19 and
19 and 20 pathology

chromatin is a complex and dynamic structure that needs to be maintained in a functional state throughout our lifetime . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chromatin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 maintained
1 chromatin 2 is
2 is 5 and
3 a 4 complex
4 complex 5 and
5 and 6 dynamic
7 structure 8 that
7 structure 9 needs
7 structure 12 maintained
8 that 9 needs
9 needs 10 to
9 needs 11 be
10 to 11 be
12 maintained 13 in
12 maintained 17 throughout
12 maintained 20 .
13 in 16 state
14 a 16 state
15 functional 16 state
17 throughout 19 lifetime
18 our 19 lifetime

studies of diverse species have revealed that chromatin undergoes extensive rearrangements during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 studies 2 of
1 studies 5 have
2 of 4 species
3 diverse 4 species
5 have 6 revealed
6 revealed 7 that
7 that 8 chromatin
7 that 9 undergoes
8 chromatin 9 undergoes
9 undergoes 11 rearrangements
9 undergoes 12 during
10 extensive 11 rearrangements
12 during 13 aging

cellular senescence , an important component of mammalian aging , has recently been associated with decreased heterochromatinization of normally silenced regions of the genome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 6 component
2 senescence 11 has
3 , 6 component
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 component
5 important 6 component
6 component 7 of
6 component 10 ,
7 of 9 aging
8 mammalian 9 aging
11 has 13 been
12 recently 13 been
13 been 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 heterochromatinization
16 decreased 17 heterochromatinization
17 heterochromatinization 18 of
18 of 21 regions
19 normally 20 silenced
20 silenced 21 regions
21 regions 22 of
22 of 24 genome
23 the 24 genome

these changes lead to the expression of rtes , culminating in their transposition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lead
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 lead
3 lead 4 to
4 to 6 expression
5 the 6 expression
6 expression 7 of
7 of 8 rtes
8 rtes 10 culminating
9 , 10 culminating
10 culminating 11 in
10 culminating 14 .
11 in 13 transposition
12 their 13 transposition

rtes are common in all kingdoms of life , and [comprise] close to 50 % of mammalian genomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rtes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 rtes 2 are
2 are 3 common
3 common 10 and
4 in 6 kingdoms
4 in 10 and
5 all 6 kingdoms
6 kingdoms 7 of
7 of 8 life
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 to
12 close 13 to
13 to 15 %
14 50 15 %
15 % 16 of
16 of 18 genomes
17 mammalian 18 genomes

they are tightly controlled , as their activity [is] highly destabilizing and mutagenic to their resident genomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 controlled
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 tightly
2 are 4 controlled
4 controlled 6 as
5 , 6 as
6 as 12 and
6 as 18 .
7 their 8 activity
8 activity 11 destabilizing
8 activity 12 and
10 highly 11 destabilizing
12 and 13 mutagenic
12 and 14 to
14 to 17 genomes
15 their 17 genomes
16 resident 17 genomes

background and aims : the information about clinical presentation and outcome of elderly hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) patients is limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 6 information
4 : 20 is
4 : 22 .
5 the 6 information
6 information 7 about
6 information 20 is
7 about 19 patients
8 clinical 9 presentation
9 presentation 10 and
10 and 11 outcome
10 and 12 of
10 and 19 patients
12 of 15 carcinoma
13 elderly 15 carcinoma
14 hepatocellular 15 carcinoma
15 carcinoma 17 hcc
16 ( 17 hcc
17 hcc 18 )
20 is 21 limited

we performed this study to assess the impact of age on potential differences in clinical characteristics , treatment patterns and outcome in hcc patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 4 study
2 performed 5 to
2 performed 11 on
2 performed 14 in
2 performed 22 in
3 this 4 study
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 8 impact
7 the 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
9 of 10 age
11 on 13 differences
12 potential 13 differences
14 in 20 and
15 clinical 16 characteristics
16 characteristics 17 ,
17 , 19 patterns
17 , 20 and
18 treatment 19 patterns
20 and 21 outcome
22 in 24 patients
23 hcc 24 patients

methods : clinical data of 164 " elderly " [(] ≥70 years old [ )(and 531 " younger " [(] < 70 years old [ )(hcc patients treated at a chinese tertiary university - affiliated medical center between april 2004 and april 2012 were collected and compared using various parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
3 clinical 4 data
4 data 5 of
5 of 15 )(and
6 164 7 "
6 164 13 old
8 elderly 9 "
8 elderly 13 old
11 ≥70 13 old
12 years 13 old
13 old 15 )(and
15 )(and 27 patients
16 531 17 "
16 531 27 patients
18 younger 19 "
18 younger 24 old
21 < 22 70
22 70 23 years
23 years 24 old
24 old 27 patients
26 )(hcc 27 patients
27 patients 28 treated
28 treated 29 at
29 at 33 university
30 a 31 chinese
30 a 33 university
31 chinese 33 university
32 tertiary 33 university
33 university 41 and
34 - 41 and
35 affiliated 37 center
36 medical 37 center
37 center 38 between
37 center 41 and
38 between 39 april
39 april 40 2004
41 and 42 april
41 and 43 2012
41 and 46 and
41 and 51 .
43 2012 46 and
44 were 45 collected
44 were 46 and
46 and 47 compared
46 and 48 using
48 using 50 parameters
49 various 50 parameters

results : compared with younger patients , the elderly patients had a higher proportion of females ( 32.9 % vs [.] 18.1 % , p < 0.001 [ )( [less] hepatitis [b] virus [(] hbv [ )(infection ( 40.9 % vs [.] 76.6 % , p < 0.001 [ )( more hepatitis [c] virus [(] hcv [ )(infection ( 23.8 % vs [.] 5.6 % , p < 0.001 [ )( [less] liver cirrhosis ( 68.3 % vs [.] 76.8 % , p = 0.03 [ )( massive tumors ( 12.8 % vs [.] 21.8 % , p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
4 with 6 patients
5 younger 6 patients
7 , 10 patients
7 , 11 had
8 the 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients
10 patients 11 had
11 had 14 proportion
12 a 14 proportion
13 higher 14 proportion
14 proportion 15 of
14 proportion 19 %
14 proportion 26 <
15 of 16 females
17 ( 19 %
18 32.9 19 %
19 % 20 vs
19 % 24 ,
20 vs 23 %
22 18.1 23 %
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 37 )(infection
27 0.001 31 hepatitis
31 hepatitis 37 )(infection
33 virus 37 )(infection
35 hbv 37 )(infection
37 )(infection 40 %
37 )(infection 47 <
38 ( 40 %
39 40.9 40 %
40 % 41 vs
40 % 45 ,
41 vs 44 %
43 76.6 44 %
46 p 47 <
47 < 56 hcv
48 0.001 51 more
51 more 56 hcv
52 hepatitis 56 hcv
54 virus 56 hcv
56 hcv 68 <
58 )(infection 61 %
59 ( 61 %
60 23.8 61 %
61 % 62 vs
61 % 66 ,
62 vs 65 %
64 5.6 65 %
66 , 68 <
67 p 68 <
68 < 74 cirrhosis
69 0.001 74 cirrhosis
73 liver 74 cirrhosis
74 cirrhosis 77 %
74 cirrhosis 84 =
75 ( 77 %
76 68.3 77 %
77 % 78 vs
77 % 82 ,
78 vs 81 %
80 76.8 81 %
83 p 84 =
84 = 89 tumors
85 0.03 89 tumors
88 massive 89 tumors
89 tumors 92 %
90 ( 92 %
91 12.8 92 %
92 % 93 vs
92 % 99 =
92 % 102 .
93 vs 96 %
95 21.8 96 %
97 , 99 =
98 p 99 =
99 = 100 0.01
99 = 101 )

there was no significant difference between the two groups in child - pugh class and tumor stages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 between
6 between 9 groups
7 the 8 two
8 two 9 groups
9 groups 10 in
10 in 11 child
12 - 15 and
12 - 18 .
13 pugh 14 class
14 class 15 and
15 and 17 stages
16 tumor 17 stages

the elderly patients received less surgical resection [(] 14.6 [%] vs [.] 29.6 % , p < 0.001 ) and more supportive care ( 48.8 % vs [.] 37.9 % , p = 0.01 ) than younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 patients
2 elderly 3 patients
3 patients 4 received
4 received 23 care
4 received 36 than
5 less 6 surgical
6 surgical 7 resection
7 resection 9 14.6
7 resection 11 vs
7 resection 20 and
11 vs 14 %
13 29.6 14 %
14 % 17 <
15 , 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.001
17 < 19 )
20 and 21 more
20 and 23 care
22 supportive 23 care
23 care 26 %
23 care 33 =
24 ( 26 %
25 48.8 26 %
26 % 27 vs
26 % 31 ,
27 vs 30 %
29 37.9 30 %
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.01
33 = 35 )
36 than 38 patients
37 younger 38 patients

the overall survival was not significantly different between the two groups [(] 26.2 mo . vs [.] 28.3 mo . , p = 0.75 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 overall
2 overall 7 different
2 overall 11 groups
3 survival 4 was
4 was 5 not
5 not 6 significantly
6 significantly 7 different
7 different 8 between
8 between 10 two
9 the 10 two
11 groups 14 mo
11 groups 23 =
13 26.2 14 mo
14 mo 15 .
14 mo 16 vs
16 vs 19 mo
18 28.3 19 mo
19 mo 20 .
21 , 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.75
23 = 25 )

conclusion : characteristics that distinguish elderly from younger hcc patients included more female , less hbv infection , more hcv infection , less liver cirrhosis and massive tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 that
3 characteristics 5 distinguish
3 characteristics 6 elderly
3 characteristics 11 included
4 that 5 distinguish
6 elderly 7 from
7 from 10 patients
8 younger 10 patients
9 hcc 10 patients
11 included 13 female
12 more 13 female
14 , 26 and
15 less 17 infection
16 hbv 17 infection
17 infection 18 ,
18 , 21 infection
18 , 22 ,
19 more 21 infection
20 hcv 21 infection
22 , 25 cirrhosis
22 , 26 and
23 less 25 cirrhosis
24 liver 25 cirrhosis
26 and 28 tumors
27 massive 28 tumors

significant differences were observed in therapeutic strategies utilized with the two groups , but the overall survival was not significantly different . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 significant 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 observed
4 observed 5 in
4 observed 9 with
5 in 7 strategies
6 therapeutic 7 strategies
7 strategies 8 utilized
9 with 12 groups
10 the 11 two
11 two 12 groups
13 , 14 but
14 but 17 survival
14 but 18 was
15 the 17 survival
16 overall 17 survival
17 survival 18 was
18 was 19 not
18 was 20 significantly
18 was 21 different
19 not 20 significantly

background : vitamin d has a basic role in bone growth and metabolism and has been noticed for its important role in many diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 noticed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 vitamin
2 : 14 and
3 vitamin 4 d
3 vitamin 14 and
5 has 8 role
5 has 9 in
5 has 14 and
6 a 7 basic
6 a 8 role
7 basic 8 role
9 in 12 and
10 bone 11 growth
11 growth 12 and
12 and 13 metabolism
14 and 15 has
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 noticed
17 noticed 18 for
17 noticed 22 in
18 for 21 role
19 its 21 role
20 important 21 role
22 in 24 diseases
23 many 24 diseases

objectives : to detect the prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency among the elderly in dakahlia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 detect
2 : 16 .
3 to 4 detect
4 detect 6 prevalence
4 detect 11 among
4 detect 14 in
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 10 insufficiency
8 vitamin 9 d
8 vitamin 10 insufficiency
11 among 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly
14 in 15 dakahlia

methodology : a cross - sectional study was conducted on 176 elderly patients ( 60 years and older ) recruited [from] meet abbad - nabaroh - dakahlia , egypt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methodology 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 7 study
5 - 9 conducted
5 - 24 -
5 - 26 -
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 on
10 on 13 patients
11 176 13 patients
12 elderly 13 patients
13 patients 17 and
14 ( 17 and
15 60 16 years
16 years 17 and
17 and 23 abbad
17 and 24 -
18 older 19 )
18 older 23 abbad
20 recruited 23 abbad
22 meet 23 abbad
24 - 25 nabaroh
26 - 27 dakahlia
26 - 28 ,
28 , 29 egypt

the level of 25 hydroxy vitamin d ( 25ohd ) was measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 11 was
3 of 6 vitamin
4 25 6 vitamin
5 hydroxy 6 vitamin
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 9 25ohd
8 ( 9 25ohd
9 25ohd 10 )
11 was 12 measured

a normal level of vitamin d is defined as a [25ohd] [concentration] ≥30 ng/ml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 2 normal
1 a 3 level
2 normal 3 level
3 level 4 of
3 level 7 is
4 of 5 vitamin
5 vitamin 6 d
7 is 8 defined
8 defined 9 as
9 as 14 ng/ml
10 a 14 ng/ml
13 ≥30 14 ng/ml

vitamin d insufficiency is defined as a 25ohd concentration of 20 - 29 ng/ml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 3 insufficiency
1 vitamin 4 is
1 vitamin 5 defined
3 insufficiency 4 is
5 defined 6 as
5 defined 9 concentration
6 as 8 25ohd
7 a 8 25ohd
9 concentration 10 of
10 of 14 ng/ml
11 20 12 -
12 - 13 29
12 - 14 ng/ml

vitamin d deficiency is defined as a 25ohd level < 20 ng/ml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 3 deficiency
1 vitamin 9 level
1 vitamin 10 <
3 deficiency 4 is
4 is 5 defined
5 defined 6 as
6 as 8 25ohd
6 as 9 level
7 a 8 25ohd
8 25ohd 9 level
10 < 12 ng/ml
11 20 12 ng/ml

results : there were no cases of vitamin d deficiency among the studied population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
2 : 15 .
3 there 4 were
4 were 6 cases
5 no 6 cases
6 cases 7 of
7 of 10 deficiency
8 vitamin 9 d
8 vitamin 10 deficiency
10 deficiency 11 among
11 among 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 studied 14 population

the prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency [(] [25ohd] level of 20 - 29 ng/ml ) among the elderly in dakahlia was 26 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 21 was
3 of 9 level
4 vitamin 5 d
4 vitamin 6 insufficiency
6 insufficiency 9 level
9 level 10 of
9 level 16 among
9 level 19 in
10 of 11 20
11 20 14 ng/ml
12 - 14 ng/ml
13 29 14 ng/ml
14 ng/ml 15 )
16 among 18 elderly
17 the 18 elderly
19 in 20 dakahlia
21 was 23 %
22 26 23 %

prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency was ( 37.9 % ) in males and [(] 15.3 % [ )(in females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 prevalence 2 of
1 prevalence 11 in
1 prevalence 13 and
2 of 3 vitamin
3 vitamin 4 d
3 vitamin 5 insufficiency
3 vitamin 6 was
3 vitamin 9 %
5 insufficiency 6 was
7 ( 9 %
8 37.9 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 in 12 males
13 and 19 females
15 15.3 18 )(in
16 % 18 )(in
18 )(in 19 females

conclusion : there was a low prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency in an elderly rural population and a higher prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency among males than females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 29 .
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 prevalence
4 was 12 in
4 was 25 among
4 was 27 than
5 a 7 prevalence
6 low 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
8 of 11 insufficiency
9 vitamin 10 d
9 vitamin 11 insufficiency
12 in 17 and
13 an 14 elderly
13 an 16 population
14 elderly 16 population
15 rural 16 population
16 population 17 and
17 and 20 prevalence
17 and 21 of
18 a 20 prevalence
19 higher 20 prevalence
21 of 24 insufficiency
22 vitamin 23 d
22 vitamin 24 insufficiency
25 among 26 males
27 than 28 females

background and aims : sarcopenia has been indicated as a reliable marker of frailty and poor prognosis among the oldest individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 5 sarcopenia
4 : 8 indicated
4 : 22 .
5 sarcopenia 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 indicated
8 indicated 9 as
8 indicated 18 among
9 as 12 marker
10 a 11 reliable
10 a 12 marker
11 reliable 12 marker
12 marker 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 frailty 15 and
15 and 17 prognosis
16 poor 17 prognosis
18 among 21 individuals
19 the 20 oldest
19 the 21 individuals

there are only few data on sarcopenia in healthy general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 only
2 are 5 data
4 few 5 data
5 data 6 on
6 on 7 sarcopenia
7 sarcopenia 8 in
8 in 11 population
9 healthy 11 population
10 general 11 population

we evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with functional and clinical status in a population of healthy ambulatory subjects over 45 years living at home , in paris ( france ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 prevalence
2 evaluated 10 with
2 evaluated 15 in
2 evaluated 22 over
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
5 of 7 and
6 sarcopenia 7 and
7 and 9 association
8 its 9 association
10 with 14 status
11 functional 12 and
12 and 13 clinical
12 and 14 status
15 in 17 population
16 a 17 population
17 population 18 of
18 of 21 subjects
19 healthy 21 subjects
20 ambulatory 21 subjects
22 over 24 years
23 45 24 years
24 years 25 living
24 years 26 at
26 at 27 home
27 home 29 in
28 , 29 in
29 in 30 paris
29 in 33 )
30 paris 32 france
31 ( 32 france
32 france 33 )

methods : this study was conducted selecting all ambulatory participants ( n = 1,445 ) aged 45 years and older from october 2008 to september 2011 , consulting in the institute of physiology ( institut de jaeger ) from paris ( france ) for a functional and muscular evaluation , and did not have limitations to moderate physical exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 moderate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 51 and
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 conducted
7 selecting 10 participants
7 selecting 13 =
7 selecting 51 and
8 all 10 participants
9 ambulatory 10 participants
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 1,445
13 = 15 )
16 aged 19 and
16 aged 21 from
16 aged 23 2008
16 aged 51 and
17 45 18 years
18 years 19 and
19 and 20 older
21 from 22 october
23 2008 24 to
23 2008 28 consulting
24 to 25 september
25 september 26 2011
27 , 28 consulting
28 consulting 29 in
28 consulting 39 from
28 consulting 44 for
28 consulting 50 ,
29 in 31 institute
30 the 31 institute
31 institute 32 of
32 of 33 physiology
33 physiology 37 jaeger
34 ( 37 jaeger
35 institut 36 de
36 de 37 jaeger
37 jaeger 38 )
39 from 40 paris
40 paris 42 france
41 ( 42 france
42 france 43 )
44 for 49 evaluation
45 a 49 evaluation
46 functional 47 and
47 and 48 muscular
47 and 49 evaluation
50 , 51 and
51 and 52 did
51 and 56 to
52 did 53 not
52 did 54 have
54 have 55 limitations
56 to 57 moderate
57 moderate 59 exercise
58 physical 59 exercise

all were healthy people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 all 2 were
2 were 4 people
3 healthy 4 people

all subjects performed a medical examination , associated with evaluation [of] muscle mass [(] body composition assessment using dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ) and [of] muscle function ( by hand grip strength ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 performed
3 performed 6 examination
4 a 6 examination
5 medical 6 examination
6 examination 8 associated
7 , 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 36 )
9 with 16 composition
9 with 27 and
10 evaluation 12 muscle
12 muscle 16 composition
13 mass 16 composition
15 body 16 composition
17 assessment 18 using
17 assessment 27 and
18 using 21 energy
19 dual 20 -
19 dual 21 energy
21 energy 22 x
21 energy 25 absorptiometry
23 - 25 absorptiometry
24 ray 25 absorptiometry
25 absorptiometry 26 )
27 and 30 function
27 and 32 by
29 muscle 30 function
31 ( 32 by
32 by 35 strength
32 by 36 )
33 hand 35 strength
34 grip 35 strength

diagnosis of sarcopenia required the documentation of low muscle mass with low muscle strength according to the current international consensus definition of sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 diagnosis 2 of
1 diagnosis 4 required
2 of 3 sarcopenia
4 required 6 documentation
4 required 10 mass
5 the 6 documentation
6 documentation 7 of
7 of 9 muscle
8 low 9 muscle
10 mass 11 with
10 mass 16 to
11 with 14 strength
12 low 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 strength
15 according 16 to
16 to 21 definition
17 the 21 definition
18 current 19 international
19 international 21 definition
20 consensus 21 definition
21 definition 22 of
22 of 23 sarcopenia

results : from 1,421 participants ( 553 males and 868 females ) definitively enrolled , 221 subjects ( 135 females and 86 males ) ( 15.5 % ) were identified as sarcopenic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 17 subjects
2 : 30 identified
3 from 5 participants
3 from 17 subjects
4 1,421 5 participants
5 participants 9 and
6 ( 9 and
7 553 8 males
8 males 9 and
9 and 11 females
9 and 12 )
10 868 11 females
13 definitively 17 subjects
14 enrolled 15 ,
14 enrolled 17 subjects
16 221 17 subjects
17 subjects 21 and
17 subjects 27 %
17 subjects 29 were
18 ( 21 and
19 135 20 females
20 females 21 and
21 and 23 males
21 and 24 )
22 86 23 males
25 ( 27 %
26 15.5 27 %
27 % 28 )
29 were 30 identified
30 identified 32 sarcopenic
31 as 32 sarcopenic

similarly , probability of sarcopenia was lower among subjects involved in leisure physical activities for 3 h or more per week ( or 0.45 [;] 95 % ci 0.24 - 0.93 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 probability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 3 probability
3 probability 4 of
3 probability 6 was
4 of 5 sarcopenia
6 was 7 lower
7 lower 8 among
7 lower 30 -
8 among 9 subjects
9 subjects 10 involved
9 subjects 20 per
10 involved 11 in
10 involved 18 or
11 in 12 leisure
13 physical 14 activities
14 activities 15 for
14 activities 18 or
15 for 17 h
16 3 17 h
18 or 19 more
20 per 21 week
22 ( 30 -
23 or 24 0.45
23 or 28 ci
26 95 28 ci
27 % 28 ci
28 ci 29 0.24
28 ci 30 -
30 - 31 0.93
30 - 32 )

according to the category [of] age [ 45 - 54 ; 55 - 64 ; 65 - 74 ; 75 - 84 and 85 years or [more] []] [,] the prevalence of sarcopenia in women increase from 9.1 ; 12.7 ; 14.5 ; 19.4 ; [to] 33.3 [%] [,] [respectively] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 category
2 to 6 age
3 the 4 category
6 age 9 -
7 [ 9 -
8 45 9 -
9 - 10 54
9 - 11 ;
11 ; 12 55
11 ; 13 -
11 ; 15 ;
12 55 13 -
13 - 14 64
15 ; 16 65
15 ; 17 -
15 ; 19 ;
16 65 17 -
17 - 18 74
19 ; 20 75
19 ; 21 -
21 - 26 or
21 - 36 increase
21 - 39 ;
21 - 51 .
22 84 23 and
23 and 24 85
23 and 25 years
25 years 26 or
26 or 31 prevalence
26 or 34 in
26 or 36 increase
30 the 31 prevalence
31 prevalence 32 of
32 of 33 sarcopenia
34 in 35 women
36 increase 37 from
37 from 38 9.1
39 ; 40 12.7
39 ; 41 ;
41 ; 42 14.5
41 ; 43 ;
43 ; 44 19.4
43 ; 45 ;
45 ; 47 33.3

for the men , the [percentage] [of] sarcopenia increase with aging from 8.6 ; 15.6 ; 13.6 ; 63.8 [to] 45.5 [%] [,] [respectively] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 sarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 for 3 men
1 for 4 ,
1 for 8 sarcopenia
2 the 3 men
5 the 8 sarcopenia
8 sarcopenia 9 increase
9 increase 10 with
10 with 11 aging
11 aging 12 from
12 from 13 8.6
14 ; 15 15.6
14 ; 16 ;
16 ; 17 13.6
16 ; 18 ;
18 ; 19 63.8
19 63.8 21 45.5

conclusions : the present study suggests that among healthy ambulatory subjects over 45 years living at home , sarcopenia is frequent , even to the youngest subjects of the studied population , taking place from 9 % from 45 years , until 64.3 % for the subjects over 85 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 suggests
2 : 22 ,
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 suggests
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 19 sarcopenia
7 that 20 is
8 among 11 subjects
8 among 18 ,
8 among 19 sarcopenia
9 healthy 11 subjects
10 ambulatory 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 over
11 subjects 15 living
12 over 14 years
13 45 14 years
15 living 16 at
16 at 17 home
19 sarcopenia 20 is
20 is 21 frequent
22 , 23 even
23 even 24 to
23 even 34 place
23 even 42 until
23 even 50 years
24 to 27 subjects
25 the 26 youngest
25 the 27 subjects
27 subjects 28 of
28 of 31 population
29 the 31 population
30 studied 31 population
32 , 34 place
33 taking 34 place
34 place 35 from
34 place 41 ,
35 from 37 %
36 9 37 %
37 % 38 from
38 from 40 years
39 45 40 years
42 until 44 %
43 64.3 44 %
44 % 45 for
45 for 47 subjects
46 the 47 subjects
48 over 49 85
49 85 50 years

our findings support the hypothesis that muscle mass and function are associated with bmi and physical activity , whatever the age of the subject . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 support
3 support 5 hypothesis
4 the 5 hypothesis
5 hypothesis 9 and
5 hypothesis 11 are
5 hypothesis 12 associated
6 that 8 mass
7 muscle 8 mass
8 mass 9 and
9 and 10 function
9 and 11 are
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 19 whatever
13 with 15 and
14 bmi 15 and
15 and 17 activity
16 physical 17 activity
18 , 19 whatever
19 whatever 20 the
19 whatever 21 age
19 whatever 25 .
20 the 21 age
21 age 22 of
22 of 24 subject
23 the 24 subject

white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) in elderly individuals with vascular diseases [are] presumed to be due to ischemic small vessel diseases ; however , their etiology is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 white
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 white 3 hyperintensities
1 white 7 in
1 white 10 with
1 white 18 to
2 matter 3 hyperintensities
3 hyperintensities 5 wmh
4 ( 5 wmh
5 wmh 6 )
7 in 9 individuals
8 elderly 9 individuals
10 with 12 diseases
11 vascular 12 diseases
12 diseases 14 presumed
14 presumed 15 to
15 to 16 be
17 due 18 to
18 to 22 diseases
19 ischemic 21 vessel
20 small 21 vessel
21 vessel 22 diseases
23 ; 27 etiology
23 ; 28 is
24 however 25 ,
24 however 27 etiology
26 their 27 etiology
27 etiology 28 is
28 is 29 unknown

we examined the cross - sectional [relationship] between cerebrovascular hemodynamics and white matter structural integrity in elderly individuals with vascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 cross
3 the 4 cross
5 - 13 matter
6 sectional 8 between
6 sectional 11 and
8 between 10 hemodynamics
9 cerebrovascular 10 hemodynamics
11 and 12 white
11 and 13 matter
13 matter 15 integrity
13 matter 22 factors
14 structural 15 integrity
15 integrity 16 in
15 integrity 22 factors
16 in 18 individuals
17 elderly 18 individuals
18 individuals 19 with
19 with 21 risk
20 vascular 21 risk

white matter hyperintensity volumes , fractional anisotropy ( fa ) , and mean diffusivity ( md ) were obtained from mri in 48 subjects ( 75±7years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 white 4 volumes
1 white 12 and
2 matter 4 volumes
3 hyperintensity 4 volumes
4 volumes 7 anisotropy
5 , 7 anisotropy
6 fractional 7 anisotropy
7 anisotropy 9 fa
7 anisotropy 11 ,
8 ( 9 fa
9 fa 10 )
12 and 13 mean
13 mean 14 diffusivity
13 mean 19 obtained
14 diffusivity 16 md
14 diffusivity 18 were
15 ( 16 md
16 md 17 )
18 were 19 obtained
19 obtained 20 from
19 obtained 22 in
20 from 21 mri
22 in 24 subjects
23 48 24 subjects
24 subjects 26 75±7years
25 ( 26 75±7years
26 75±7years 27 )

pulsatility [index] ( pi ) and dynamic cerebral autoregulation ( dca ) was assessed using transcranial doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral artery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 pulsatility 4 pi
3 ( 4 pi
4 pi 5 )
4 pi 6 and
6 and 7 dynamic
6 and 9 autoregulation
6 and 13 was
6 and 14 assessed
8 cerebral 9 autoregulation
9 autoregulation 11 dca
9 autoregulation 13 was
10 ( 11 dca
11 dca 12 )
14 assessed 15 using
14 assessed 18 ultrasound
15 using 17 doppler
16 transcranial 17 doppler
18 ultrasound 19 of
19 of 23 artery
20 the 23 artery
21 middle 23 artery
22 cerebral 23 artery

dynamic cerebral autoregulation was calculated from transfer function analysis ( [phase] and gain ) of spontaneous blood pressure and flow velocity oscillations in the low ( lf , 0.03 to 0.15 hz ) and high ( hf , 0.16 to 0.5 hz ) frequency ranges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 autoregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 dynamic 3 autoregulation
2 cerebral 3 autoregulation
3 autoregulation 4 was
4 was 5 calculated
5 calculated 6 from
6 from 19 and
7 transfer 8 function
8 function 9 analysis
9 analysis 12 and
10 ( 12 and
12 and 13 gain
12 and 14 )
12 and 15 of
12 and 19 and
15 of 18 pressure
16 spontaneous 18 pressure
17 blood 18 pressure
19 and 22 oscillations
19 and 23 in
20 flow 22 oscillations
21 velocity 22 oscillations
23 in 25 low
24 the 25 low
25 low 27 lf
26 ( 27 lf
27 lf 32 hz
27 lf 33 )
28 , 32 hz
29 0.03 30 to
30 to 31 0.15
30 to 32 hz
32 hz 33 )
34 and 44 frequency
34 and 45 ranges
35 high 37 hf
35 high 43 )
35 high 44 frequency
36 ( 37 hf
37 hf 42 hz
37 hf 43 )
38 , 42 hz
39 0.16 40 to
40 to 41 0.5
40 to 42 hz
42 hz 43 )
44 frequency 45 ranges

higher pi was associated with greater wmh ( p<0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 higher 2 pi
2 pi 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 wmh
6 greater 7 wmh
7 wmh 9 p<0.005
8 ( 9 p<0.005
9 p<0.005 10 )

[higher] phase across all frequency ranges [was] associated with greater fa and lower md ( p<0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 phase 3 across
2 phase 6 ranges
4 all 6 ranges
5 frequency 6 ranges
6 ranges 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 14 md
10 greater 14 md
11 fa 12 and
12 and 13 lower
12 and 14 md
14 md 16 p<0.005
15 ( 16 p<0.005
16 p<0.005 17 )

lower gain [was] associated [with] higher fa in the lf range ( p=0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 lower 7 fa
1 lower 8 in
2 gain 4 associated
4 associated 7 fa
6 higher 7 fa
8 in 11 range
9 the 11 range
10 lf 11 range
11 range 13 p=0.001
12 ( 13 p=0.001
13 p=0.001 14 )

these relationships between phase [and] fa were significant in the territories limited to the middle cerebral artery as well as across the entire brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 relationships
2 relationships 3 between
2 relationships 7 were
3 between 6 fa
4 phase 6 fa
7 were 8 significant
8 significant 9 in
9 in 11 territories
10 the 11 territories
11 territories 12 limited
12 limited 13 to
12 limited 19 well
12 limited 20 as
13 to 17 artery
14 the 17 artery
15 middle 17 artery
16 cerebral 17 artery
18 as 19 well
20 as 21 across
21 across 24 brain
22 the 24 brain
23 entire 24 brain

our results show a strong relationship between impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics ( pi and dca ) and loss of cerebral white matter structural integrity ( wmh and dti metrics ) in elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 16 and
3 show 23 integrity
3 show 30 in
4 a 5 strong
4 a 6 relationship
5 strong 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 16 and
7 between 10 hemodynamics
8 impaired 10 hemodynamics
9 cerebrovascular 10 hemodynamics
10 hemodynamics 13 and
11 ( 13 and
12 pi 13 and
13 and 14 dca
13 and 15 )
16 and 17 loss
16 and 18 of
18 of 21 matter
19 cerebral 21 matter
20 white 21 matter
22 structural 23 integrity
23 integrity 26 and
24 ( 26 and
25 wmh 26 and
26 and 28 metrics
26 and 29 )
27 dti 28 metrics
30 in 32 individuals
31 elderly 32 individuals

background and objective : assessment of the optimal drug dose for intrathecal therapy in children is challenging because of the [non] [-] linear increase in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) volume throughout childhood and potential differences in the elimination rate in children versus adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objective
4 : 5 assessment
4 : 16 is
5 assessment 6 of
5 assessment 11 for
5 assessment 14 in
5 assessment 16 is
6 of 10 dose
7 the 10 dose
8 optimal 9 drug
9 drug 10 dose
11 for 13 therapy
12 intrathecal 13 therapy
14 in 15 children
16 is 17 challenging
17 challenging 18 because
17 challenging 32 throughout
17 challenging 37 in
18 because 19 of
19 of 24 increase
20 the 24 increase
23 linear 24 increase
24 increase 25 in
25 in 31 volume
26 cerebrospinal 31 volume
27 fluid 29 csf
27 fluid 30 )
27 fluid 31 volume
28 ( 29 csf
29 csf 30 )
32 throughout 34 and
33 childhood 34 and
34 and 36 differences
35 potential 36 differences
37 in 40 rate
38 the 40 rate
39 elimination 40 rate
40 rate 41 in
41 in 42 children
42 children 43 versus
43 versus 44 adults

the present study was designed to prospectively collect pharmacokinetic and safety data on age - adapted intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in children aged >3 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 designed
5 designed 6 to
5 designed 8 collect
6 to 8 collect
7 prospectively 8 collect
8 collect 10 and
8 collect 13 on
9 pharmacokinetic 10 and
10 and 12 data
11 safety 12 data
13 on 14 age
15 - 19 cytarabine
15 - 22 aged
15 - 25 .
16 adapted 19 cytarabine
17 intrathecal 19 cytarabine
18 liposomal 19 cytarabine
19 cytarabine 20 in
19 cytarabine 22 aged
20 in 21 children
22 aged 24 years
23 >3 24 years

patients and methods : sixteen patients with malignant brain tumours were included in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 patients
4 : 12 included
4 : 16 .
5 sixteen 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 11 were
7 with 10 tumours
8 malignant 9 brain
9 brain 10 tumours
11 were 12 included
12 included 13 in
13 in 15 study
14 the 15 study

children aged 3 - 10 years received liposomal cytarabine 35 mg with concomitant dexamethasone , and those aged >10 years received 50 mg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 children 2 aged
2 aged 11 mg
3 3 4 -
4 - 5 10
4 - 11 mg
5 10 6 years
6 years 7 received
7 received 9 cytarabine
8 liposomal 9 cytarabine
9 cytarabine 10 35
11 mg 12 with
12 with 14 dexamethasone
13 concomitant 14 dexamethasone
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 years
16 and 21 received
17 those 20 years
18 aged 20 years
19 >10 20 years
20 years 21 received
21 received 23 mg
22 50 23 mg

serial csf and plasma samples were collected before administration [and] 1 [h] , 12 h , 24 h , 1 week and 2 weeks post - dosing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 serial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 serial 6 were
2 csf 3 and
3 and 5 samples
3 and 6 were
4 plasma 5 samples
6 were 7 collected
7 collected 8 before
8 before 9 administration
9 administration 11 1
9 administration 15 h
9 administration 18 h
9 administration 25 post
13 , 15 h
14 12 15 h
15 h 16 ,
16 , 18 h
17 24 18 h
18 h 19 ,
19 , 25 post
20 1 21 week
21 week 22 and
22 and 24 weeks
22 and 25 post
23 2 24 weeks
25 post 26 -
26 - 27 dosing

csf was analysed for free and encapsulated cytarabine , and plasma was analysed for free cytarabine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 csf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 csf 6 and
2 was 3 analysed
2 was 6 and
3 analysed 5 free
4 for 5 free
6 and 7 encapsulated
6 and 8 cytarabine
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 plasma
10 and 13 analysed
11 plasma 12 was
12 was 13 analysed
13 analysed 14 for
14 for 16 cytarabine
15 free 16 cytarabine

results : the average elimination [half] - life values in children aged 3 - 10 years and in those aged >10 years , treated with liposomal cytarabine 35 mg and 50 mg , respectively , were 40.9 and 43.7 h for free cytarabine and 31.5 and 36.4 h [for] encapsulated cytarabine in csf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 elimination
2 : 7 -
3 the 5 elimination
4 average 5 elimination
7 - 9 values
8 life 9 values
9 values 17 and
10 in 16 years
10 in 17 and
11 children 12 aged
12 aged 14 -
13 3 14 -
14 - 15 10
15 10 16 years
17 and 18 in
18 in 22 years
19 those 22 years
20 aged 22 years
21 >10 22 years
22 years 24 treated
23 , 24 treated
24 treated 25 with
25 with 27 cytarabine
25 with 30 and
26 liposomal 27 cytarabine
28 35 29 mg
29 mg 30 and
30 and 40 h
30 and 41 for
31 50 32 mg
31 50 38 and
32 mg 36 were
33 , 34 respectively
34 respectively 35 ,
34 respectively 36 were
36 were 37 40.9
38 and 39 43.7
38 and 40 h
41 for 44 and
42 free 43 cytarabine
43 cytarabine 44 and
44 and 51 cytarabine
44 and 54 .
45 31.5 46 and
46 and 47 36.4
46 and 48 h
48 h 50 encapsulated
50 encapsulated 51 cytarabine
51 cytarabine 52 in
52 in 53 csf

although these values were lower than those previously reported , cytarabine concentrations exceeded the cytotoxic threshold of 0.1 mg/l in all patients until 1 week post - intraventricular administration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 exceeded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 although 3 values
1 although 4 were
1 although 10 ,
1 although 12 concentrations
2 these 3 values
3 values 4 were
4 were 5 lower
5 lower 6 than
6 than 7 those
7 those 9 reported
8 previously 9 reported
11 cytarabine 12 concentrations
12 concentrations 13 exceeded
13 exceeded 16 threshold
13 exceeded 23 until
14 the 16 threshold
15 cytotoxic 16 threshold
16 threshold 17 of
17 of 19 mg/l
18 0.1 19 mg/l
19 mg/l 20 in
20 in 22 patients
21 all 22 patients
23 until 26 post
24 1 25 week
25 week 26 post
27 - 29 administration
27 - 30 .
28 intraventricular 29 administration

cytarabine concentrations in plasma were negligible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 cytarabine 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 in
2 concentrations 5 were
3 in 4 plasma
5 were 6 negligible

in general , liposomal cytarabine was well tolerated , with relevant but manageable toxicities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cytarabine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 5 cytarabine
4 liposomal 5 cytarabine
5 cytarabine 6 was
6 was 7 well
7 well 8 tolerated
8 tolerated 10 with
9 , 10 with
10 with 14 toxicities
10 with 15 .
11 relevant 12 but
12 but 13 manageable
12 but 14 toxicities

conclusion : liposomal cytarabine in doses of 35 mg for children aged 3 - 10 years and 50 mg for older patients shows sufficient drug exposure for at least 1 week and appears to be well tolerated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 cytarabine
3 liposomal 4 cytarabine
4 cytarabine 5 in
4 cytarabine 7 of
5 in 6 doses
7 of 9 mg
8 35 9 mg
9 mg 10 for
10 for 11 children
11 children 12 aged
12 aged 13 3
14 - 17 and
14 - 32 and
15 10 16 years
16 years 17 and
17 and 19 mg
17 and 20 for
17 and 32 and
18 50 19 mg
20 for 22 patients
21 older 22 patients
23 shows 26 exposure
23 shows 32 and
24 sufficient 25 drug
25 drug 26 exposure
26 exposure 27 for
27 for 31 week
28 at 29 least
29 least 30 1
30 1 31 week
32 and 33 appears
32 and 34 to
34 to 35 be
35 be 36 well
36 well 37 tolerated

likewise , apob catabolic rates were significantly lower in intermediate - density lipoprotein ( idl [ )(and low - density lipoprotein ( ldl ) apob ; the latter is also accompanied by a decreased production rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 5 rates
3 apob 5 rates
4 catabolic 5 rates
5 rates 6 were
6 were 7 significantly
6 were 8 lower
8 lower 9 in
9 in 13 lipoprotein
10 intermediate 11 -
10 intermediate 12 density
12 density 13 lipoprotein
13 lipoprotein 17 )(and
14 ( 17 )(and
15 idl 17 )(and
17 )(and 25 apob
17 )(and 26 ;
18 low 21 lipoprotein
18 low 25 apob
19 - 21 lipoprotein
20 density 21 lipoprotein
21 lipoprotein 23 ldl
21 lipoprotein 24 )
22 ( 23 ldl
23 ldl 24 )
26 ; 28 latter
26 ; 31 accompanied
27 the 28 latter
28 latter 29 is
29 is 30 also
29 is 31 accompanied
31 accompanied 32 by
32 by 36 rate
33 a 36 rate
34 decreased 35 production
35 production 36 rate

in hd patients , idl apob levels were elevated , but ldl apob levels remained within the normal range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 idl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 idl
2 hd 3 patients
5 idl 6 apob
5 idl 7 levels
5 idl 8 were
6 apob 7 levels
8 were 9 elevated
10 , 11 but
11 but 14 levels
11 but 15 remained
12 ldl 13 apob
13 apob 14 levels
14 levels 15 remained
15 remained 16 within
16 within 19 range
17 the 19 range
18 normal 19 range

nonetheless , a prolonged residence time for ldl apob of 2 - 5 days , made ldl more [atherogenic] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 nonetheless 2 ,
1 nonetheless 6 time
3 a 6 time
4 prolonged 5 residence
5 residence 6 time
6 time 7 for
6 time 14 days
6 time 16 made
7 for 9 apob
8 ldl 9 apob
9 apob 10 of
10 of 11 2
12 - 14 days
13 5 14 days
14 days 15 ,
16 made 17 ldl
16 made 18 more

atorvastatin completely ameliorated impaired ldl apob catabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 atorvastatin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 atorvastatin 3 ameliorated
1 atorvastatin 4 impaired
2 completely 3 ameliorated
4 impaired 7 catabolism
5 ldl 7 catabolism
6 apob 7 catabolism

with regard to lp ( [a] [ )(metabolism , both apob and apo [(] [a] ) were found to be slowly catabolized , indicating roles of normal kidney function [on] lp ( a [ )(catabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 catabolized
1 with 2 regard
1 with 12 and
2 regard 3 to
2 regard 8 )(metabolism
3 to 4 lp
5 ( 8 )(metabolism
8 )(metabolism 9 ,
10 both 12 and
11 apob 12 and
12 and 13 apo
12 and 16 )
12 and 17 were
17 were 18 found
18 found 19 to
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 slowly
20 be 22 catabolized
22 catabolized 24 indicating
23 , 24 indicating
24 indicating 25 roles
24 indicating 36 .
25 roles 26 of
26 of 31 lp
27 normal 28 kidney
28 kidney 29 function
29 function 31 lp
31 lp 35 )(catabolism
32 ( 35 )(catabolism
33 a 35 )(catabolism
35 )(catabolism 36 .

finally , a compartmental model suggests intracellular , rather [than] extracellular , assembly [of] lp [(] [a] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 )(
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 5 model
3 a 4 compartmental
3 a 5 model
4 compartmental 5 model
5 model 6 suggests
6 suggests 15 lp
7 intracellular 8 ,
7 intracellular 13 assembly
9 rather 11 extracellular
11 extracellular 12 ,
11 extracellular 13 assembly
13 assembly 15 lp

this in vivo kinetic evidence will uncover the underlying mechanism for uremic dyslipidemia and provide strategies to reduce cvd in hd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 5 evidence
2 in 3 vivo
3 vivo 4 kinetic
4 kinetic 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 will
6 will 14 and
7 uncover 10 mechanism
7 uncover 14 and
8 the 10 mechanism
9 underlying 10 mechanism
10 mechanism 11 for
11 for 13 dyslipidemia
12 uremic 13 dyslipidemia
14 and 15 provide
14 and 22 patients
15 provide 16 strategies
15 provide 17 to
17 to 18 reduce
18 reduce 19 cvd
18 reduce 20 in
20 in 21 hd

none [none] [we] present a two [-] dimensional electromagnetic analysis of light propagation through the human eye to examine the eye 's optical properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 none 4 present
4 present 10 analysis
4 present 14 through
4 present 18 to
5 a 10 analysis
6 two 10 analysis
8 dimensional 10 analysis
9 electromagnetic 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 of
11 of 13 propagation
12 light 13 propagation
14 through 17 eye
15 the 17 eye
16 human 17 eye
18 to 19 examine
19 examine 24 properties
20 the 21 eye
21 eye 22 's
22 's 24 properties
23 optical 24 properties

the electromagnetic approach has intriguing advantages over the conventional and frequently implemented ray optics analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 approach
2 electromagnetic 3 approach
3 approach 4 has
4 has 6 advantages
4 has 7 over
5 intriguing 6 advantages
7 over 10 and
8 the 9 conventional
9 conventional 10 and
10 and 15 analysis
11 frequently 12 implemented
12 implemented 13 ray
13 ray 14 optics
14 optics 15 analysis

the chromatic , spherical , and coma aberrations and the intensity of the focused light at the retina are computed in this work via full - wave analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 chromatic
2 chromatic 3 ,
3 , 4 spherical
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 aberrations
6 and 9 and
7 coma 8 aberrations
9 and 11 intensity
9 and 12 of
9 and 19 are
10 the 11 intensity
12 of 15 light
13 the 15 light
14 focused 15 light
15 light 16 at
16 at 18 retina
17 the 18 retina
19 are 20 computed
20 computed 21 in
20 computed 24 via
21 in 23 work
22 this 23 work
24 via 28 analysis
25 full 26 -
25 full 27 wave
27 wave 28 analysis

we also investigate the effects of the cornea 's [and] lens 's curved structures on the focusing mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 3 investigate
2 also 3 investigate
3 investigate 5 effects
3 investigate 15 on
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 14 structures
7 the 8 cornea
8 cornea 9 's
9 's 11 lens
11 lens 12 's
12 's 14 structures
13 curved 14 structures
15 on 18 mechanism
16 the 18 mechanism
17 focusing 18 mechanism

the focal length and chromatic and spherical aberrations are observed to change owing to age - related refractive index variation in the lens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 length
2 focal 3 length
3 length 4 and
4 and 5 chromatic
4 and 6 and
6 and 7 spherical
6 and 8 aberrations
6 and 13 owing
8 aberrations 9 are
9 are 10 observed
10 observed 11 to
11 to 12 change
12 change 13 owing
13 owing 14 to
14 to 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 20 variation
18 refractive 19 index
19 index 20 variation
20 variation 21 in
21 in 23 lens
22 the 23 lens

in addition , the effects of the lens and curvatures of the human eye on focusing are analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 effects
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 11 of
5 effects 17 are
6 of 9 and
7 the 8 lens
8 lens 9 and
9 and 10 curvatures
11 of 14 eye
12 the 14 eye
13 human 14 eye
14 eye 15 on
15 on 16 focusing
17 are 18 analyzed

consequently , for both young and old human eye lenses , the differences due to the aberration variations , curvature surfaces , and gradient index are explored by the wave approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 13 differences
2 , 3 for
3 for 10 lenses
3 for 11 ,
3 for 13 differences
4 both 10 lenses
5 young 6 and
6 and 7 old
6 and 10 lenses
8 human 10 lenses
9 eye 10 lenses
12 the 13 differences
13 differences 15 to
13 differences 26 are
14 due 15 to
15 to 23 and
16 the 18 variations
17 aberration 18 variations
18 variations 19 ,
19 , 21 surfaces
19 , 23 and
20 curvature 21 surfaces
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 index
24 gradient 25 index
26 are 27 explored
27 explored 28 by
28 by 31 approach
29 the 31 approach
30 wave 31 approach

the intensity distributions on the retina for both [on] - and off [-] axis illumination are calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 distributions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 distributions
2 intensity 3 distributions
3 distributions 11 and
3 distributions 16 are
4 on 6 retina
4 on 11 and
5 the 6 retina
6 retina 7 for
7 for 8 both
10 - 11 and
11 and 12 off
12 off 15 illumination
14 axis 15 illumination
16 are 17 calculated

a strong correlation between the locations of the nerve fibers and the intensity distribution is confirmed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 strong
1 a 3 correlation
2 strong 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 between
3 correlation 7 of
3 correlation 15 is
4 between 6 locations
5 the 6 locations
7 of 11 and
8 the 10 fibers
9 nerve 10 fibers
10 fibers 11 and
11 and 14 distribution
12 the 14 distribution
13 intensity 14 distribution
15 is 16 confirmed

on the basis of the findings , we can conclude that visual impairment due to deterioration of the human eye structure is more dramatic than that due to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 on 3 basis
1 on 7 ,
1 on 8 we
2 the 3 basis
3 basis 4 of
4 of 6 findings
5 the 6 findings
8 we 9 can
9 can 10 conclude
10 conclude 13 impairment
10 conclude 22 is
11 that 12 visual
12 visual 13 impairment
13 impairment 14 due
13 impairment 22 is
14 due 15 to
15 to 16 deterioration
16 deterioration 17 of
17 of 21 structure
18 the 21 structure
19 human 21 structure
20 eye 21 structure
22 is 23 more
22 is 24 dramatic
24 dramatic 25 than
25 than 27 due
26 that 27 due
27 due 28 to
28 to 29 aging

the development of therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) has been hindered by the lack of biomarkers for both identifying early disease and for monitoring the effectiveness of drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 hindered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 12 has
3 of 4 therapies
4 therapies 5 for
5 for 10 als
6 amyotrophic 7 lateral
7 lateral 8 sclerosis
8 sclerosis 10 als
9 ( 10 als
10 als 11 )
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 hindered
14 hindered 15 by
14 hindered 25 and
15 by 17 lack
16 the 17 lack
17 lack 18 of
18 of 19 biomarkers
20 for 22 identifying
20 for 25 and
21 both 22 identifying
22 identifying 24 disease
23 early 24 disease
25 and 26 for
26 for 27 monitoring
27 monitoring 29 effectiveness
28 the 29 effectiveness
29 effectiveness 30 of
30 of 31 drugs

the identification of als biomarkers in presymptomatic individuals might also provide clues to the earliest biochemical correlates [of] the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 identification
2 identification 3 of
2 identification 17 correlates
3 of 4 als
4 als 5 biomarkers
4 als 11 provide
5 biomarkers 6 in
5 biomarkers 9 might
6 in 8 individuals
7 presymptomatic 8 individuals
9 might 11 provide
10 also 11 provide
11 provide 12 clues
11 provide 13 to
13 to 16 biochemical
14 the 15 earliest
14 the 16 biochemical
17 correlates 20 disease
19 the 20 disease

previous attempts to use plasma metabolites as biomarkers have led to contradictory results , presumably because of heterogeneity in both the underlying genetics and the disease stage in the clinical population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attempts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 led
1 previous 2 attempts
2 attempts 3 to
2 attempts 4 use
2 attempts 9 have
3 to 4 use
4 use 6 metabolites
4 use 7 as
5 plasma 6 metabolites
7 as 8 biomarkers
9 have 10 led
10 led 11 to
10 led 17 of
11 to 13 results
12 contradictory 13 results
14 , 15 presumably
14 , 17 of
16 because 17 of
17 of 24 and
17 of 32 .
18 heterogeneity 19 in
18 heterogeneity 24 and
19 in 20 both
20 both 21 the
20 both 23 genetics
21 the 23 genetics
22 underlying 23 genetics
24 and 27 stage
24 and 28 in
25 the 27 stage
26 disease 27 stage
28 in 31 population
29 the 31 population
30 clinical 31 population

to eliminate these two sources of heterogeneity we have characterized plasma amino acids and [other] metabolites in the sod1 ( g93a ) transgenic mouse model for als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 eliminate
2 eliminate 5 sources
2 eliminate 26 for
3 these 4 two
4 two 5 sources
5 sources 6 of
5 sources 14 and
6 of 7 heterogeneity
7 heterogeneity 8 we
7 heterogeneity 9 have
8 we 9 have
10 characterized 13 acids
10 characterized 14 and
11 plasma 13 acids
12 amino 13 acids
14 and 16 metabolites
14 and 17 in
17 in 25 model
18 the 25 model
19 sod1 21 g93a
19 sod1 25 model
20 ( 21 g93a
21 g93a 22 )
23 transgenic 24 mouse
24 mouse 25 model
26 for 27 als

many of the sod1 ( g93a ) - related differences could be altered by treatment of mice with methionine sulfoximine , which extends the lifespan of this mouse , inhibits glutamine synthetase , and modifies brain methylation reactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 many 2 of
1 many 11 could
2 of 4 sod1
3 the 4 sod1
4 sod1 6 g93a
5 ( 6 g93a
6 g93a 7 )
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 differences
9 related 11 could
11 could 12 be
12 be 13 altered
13 altered 14 by
13 altered 18 with
14 by 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 of
16 of 17 mice
18 with 20 sulfoximine
19 methionine 20 sulfoximine
21 , 22 which
21 , 29 ,
22 which 29 ,
23 extends 25 lifespan
23 extends 29 ,
24 the 25 lifespan
25 lifespan 26 of
26 of 28 mouse
27 this 28 mouse
29 , 34 and
30 inhibits 32 synthetase
30 inhibits 34 and
31 glutamine 32 synthetase
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 modifies
35 modifies 38 reactions
36 brain 38 reactions
37 methylation 38 reactions

these studies show that assaying plasma metabolites can effectively distinguish transgenic mice from wild [type] , suggesting that one or more plasma metabolites might be useful biomarkers for the disease in humans , especially if genetic and longitudinal analysis is used to reduce population heterogeneity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 show
3 show 5 assaying
3 show 6 plasma
3 show 14 wild
4 that 5 assaying
6 plasma 7 metabolites
6 plasma 13 from
7 metabolites 8 can
8 can 10 distinguish
9 effectively 10 distinguish
10 distinguish 12 mice
10 distinguish 13 from
11 transgenic 12 mice
16 , 17 suggesting
16 , 27 biomarkers
17 suggesting 20 or
17 suggesting 23 metabolites
17 suggesting 25 be
17 suggesting 27 biomarkers
18 that 19 one
19 one 20 or
20 or 21 more
22 plasma 23 metabolites
23 metabolites 24 might
24 might 25 be
25 be 26 useful
27 biomarkers 28 for
27 biomarkers 35 if
28 for 30 disease
29 the 30 disease
30 disease 31 in
31 in 32 humans
33 , 34 especially
33 , 35 if
35 if 39 analysis
35 if 41 used
35 if 46 .
36 genetic 37 and
37 and 38 longitudinal
37 and 39 analysis
39 analysis 40 is
40 is 41 used
41 used 42 to
41 used 43 reduce
42 to 43 reduce
43 reduce 45 heterogeneity
44 population 45 heterogeneity

we examined adolescents ' reasons for tanning and how these relate to appearance evaluation [and] orientation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 5 reasons
3 adolescents 4 '
4 ' 5 reasons
5 reasons 6 for
5 reasons 10 these
5 reasons 11 relate
6 for 8 and
7 tanning 8 and
8 and 9 how
10 these 11 relate
11 relate 12 to
12 to 16 orientation
13 appearance 16 orientation
14 evaluation 16 orientation

two hundred and sixty - four canadian adolescents [(] age range 15 - 19 years ) in grades 10 , 11 , and 12 completed a survey that included scales measuring their reasons for tanning , appearance evaluation , and appearance orientation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sixty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 two 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 sixty
4 sixty 8 adolescents
4 sixty 10 age
4 sixty 11 range
5 - 6 four
6 four 8 adolescents
7 canadian 8 adolescents
8 adolescents 10 age
11 range 12 15
11 range 17 in
12 15 15 years
13 - 15 years
14 19 15 years
15 years 16 )
17 in 18 grades
18 grades 19 10
18 grades 21 11
20 , 21 11
21 11 22 ,
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 12
23 and 25 completed
24 12 25 completed
25 completed 27 survey
26 a 27 survey
27 survey 28 that
27 survey 29 included
28 that 29 included
29 included 30 scales
30 scales 31 measuring
31 measuring 40 and
32 their 40 and
33 reasons 34 for
33 reasons 36 ,
34 for 35 tanning
36 , 38 evaluation
36 , 40 and
37 appearance 38 evaluation
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 orientation
41 appearance 42 orientation

it [was] found that girls and boys differed on four of nine subscales measuring reasons for tanning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 it 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 6 and
4 that 8 differed
5 girls 6 and
6 and 7 boys
6 and 8 differed
8 differed 9 on
8 differed 16 for
9 on 10 four
10 four 11 of
11 of 13 subscales
12 nine 13 subscales
13 subscales 14 measuring
14 measuring 15 reasons
16 for 17 tanning

girls believed more strongly than boys that tanning improved their general appearance and that friends influenced their decision to tan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 girls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 girls 2 believed
2 believed 4 strongly
2 believed 5 than
2 believed 19 to
3 more 4 strongly
5 than 6 boys
6 boys 7 that
6 boys 16 influenced
7 that 8 tanning
7 that 16 influenced
8 tanning 9 improved
10 their 12 appearance
11 general 12 appearance
12 appearance 13 and
13 and 14 that
13 and 15 friends
15 friends 16 influenced
16 influenced 18 decision
17 their 18 decision
19 to 20 tan

girls also expressed less concern than boys that tanning caused immediate skin damage or premature aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 girls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 girls 3 expressed
2 also 3 expressed
3 expressed 4 less
3 expressed 5 concern
3 expressed 6 than
6 than 7 boys
7 boys 8 that
7 boys 16 aging
8 that 9 tanning
8 that 10 caused
9 tanning 10 caused
10 caused 14 or
11 immediate 13 damage
12 skin 13 damage
13 damage 14 or
14 or 15 premature
14 or 16 aging

the pattern of correlations between the reasons for tanning and appearance orientation was similar for girls and boys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 of
2 pattern 13 was
3 of 10 and
4 correlations 5 between
4 correlations 10 and
5 between 7 reasons
6 the 7 reasons
7 reasons 8 for
8 for 9 tanning
10 and 12 orientation
11 appearance 12 orientation
13 was 14 similar
14 similar 15 for
15 for 17 and
16 girls 17 and
17 and 18 boys

for both , appearance reasons for tanning and sociocultural influences on tanning were positively associated with appearance orientation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 for 2 both
1 for 3 ,
1 for 8 and
4 appearance 5 reasons
5 reasons 6 for
5 reasons 8 and
6 for 7 tanning
8 and 10 influences
8 and 11 on
8 and 13 were
9 sociocultural 10 influences
11 on 12 tanning
13 were 15 associated
14 positively 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 orientation
17 appearance 18 orientation

suggestions for future research with adolescents and a proposal for a guiding model are provided . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 suggestions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 suggestions 2 for
1 suggestions 14 are
2 for 4 research
3 future 4 research
4 research 5 with
5 with 7 and
6 adolescents 7 and
7 and 9 proposal
7 and 10 for
8 a 9 proposal
10 for 13 model
11 a 13 model
12 guiding 13 model
14 are 15 provided

red blood cells are rather unique body cells , since they have lost all organelles when mature , [which] results in lack of potential to replace proteins that have lost their function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 red 2 blood
2 blood 3 cells
3 cells 4 are
4 are 5 rather
4 are 8 cells
6 unique 7 body
7 body 8 cells
9 , 14 all
9 , 15 organelles
10 since 11 they
10 since 13 lost
10 since 14 all
11 they 12 have
12 have 13 lost
14 all 15 organelles
15 organelles 16 when
16 when 20 results
16 when 30 lost
17 mature 18 ,
17 mature 20 results
20 results 21 in
20 results 23 of
20 results 30 lost
21 in 22 lack
23 of 24 potential
24 potential 25 to
24 potential 26 replace
25 to 26 replace
26 replace 27 proteins
27 proteins 28 that
27 proteins 29 have
28 that 29 have
30 lost 32 function
31 their 32 function

they maintain only a few pathways for obtaining energy and reducing power for the key functions they need to fulfill . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maintain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 they 2 maintain
2 maintain 6 pathways
2 maintain 7 for
3 only 5 few
4 a 5 few
5 few 6 pathways
7 for 8 obtaining
8 obtaining 10 and
8 obtaining 13 for
9 energy 10 and
10 and 12 power
11 reducing 12 power
13 for 16 functions
14 the 16 functions
15 key 16 functions
16 functions 17 they
16 functions 20 fulfill
17 they 18 need
18 need 19 to
18 need 20 fulfill
19 to 20 fulfill

this makes rbcs highly sensitive to any aberration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 makes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 this 2 makes
2 makes 3 rbcs
3 rbcs 5 sensitive
4 highly 5 sensitive
5 sensitive 6 to
6 to 8 aberration
7 any 8 aberration

if so , these rbcs are quickly removed from circulation , but if the rbc levels [reduce] extremely fast , this results in hemolytic anemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rbcs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 removed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 if 2 so
2 so 3 ,
2 so 5 rbcs
4 these 5 rbcs
5 rbcs 6 are
6 are 7 quickly
6 are 8 removed
8 removed 9 from
9 from 10 circulation
11 , 12 but
12 but 21 this
12 but 22 results
13 if 15 rbc
13 if 16 levels
13 if 21 this
14 the 15 rbc
15 rbc 16 levels
18 extremely 19 fast
19 fast 20 ,
19 fast 21 this
21 this 22 results
22 results 23 in
23 in 25 anemia
24 hemolytic 25 anemia

several causes of ha exist , and proteome analysis is the most straightforward way to obtain deeper insight into rbc functioning under the stress of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 several 2 causes
2 causes 3 of
2 causes 5 exist
3 of 4 ha
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 analysis
7 and 10 is
8 proteome 9 analysis
9 analysis 10 is
10 is 14 way
11 the 14 way
12 most 13 straightforward
13 straightforward 14 way
14 way 15 to
14 way 16 obtain
15 to 16 obtain
16 obtain 18 insight
16 obtain 19 into
17 deeper 18 insight
19 into 20 rbc
20 rbc 21 functioning
20 rbc 25 of
21 functioning 22 under
22 under 24 stress
23 the 24 stress
25 of 26 disease

this should result in discovery of biomarkers , typical for each source of anemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 result
1 this 2 should
2 should 3 result
3 result 4 in
4 in 5 discovery
5 discovery 6 of
6 of 7 biomarkers
7 biomarkers 9 typical
8 , 9 typical
9 typical 10 for
9 typical 15 .
10 for 12 source
11 each 12 source
12 source 13 of
13 of 14 anemia

in this review , several challenges to generate in [-] depth rbc proteomes are described , like to obtain pure rbcs , to overcome the wide dynamic range in protein expression , and to establish which of the identified/quantified proteins are active in rbcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 challenges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 challenges
2 this 3 review
5 several 6 challenges
6 challenges 7 to
6 challenges 8 generate
6 challenges 14 are
7 to 8 generate
8 generate 9 in
9 in 13 proteomes
11 depth 13 proteomes
12 rbc 13 proteomes
14 are 15 described
16 , 17 like
17 like 18 to
17 like 33 and
18 to 33 and
19 obtain 21 rbcs
19 obtain 23 to
19 obtain 33 and
20 pure 21 rbcs
22 , 23 to
23 to 24 overcome
23 to 32 ,
24 overcome 28 range
25 the 28 range
26 wide 27 dynamic
27 dynamic 28 range
28 range 29 in
29 in 31 expression
30 protein 31 expression
33 and 34 to
33 and 35 establish
34 to 35 establish
35 establish 36 which
35 establish 43 in
36 which 37 of
36 which 41 are
37 of 40 proteins
38 the 40 proteins
39 identified/quantified 40 proteins
41 are 42 active
43 in 44 rbcs

the final challenge is to acquire [and] [validate] suited biomarkers unique for the changes that occur for each of the clinical questions ; in red blood cell aging ( also important for transfusion medicine ) , for thalassemias or sickle cell disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
1 the 3 challenge
2 final 3 challenge
3 challenge 4 is
4 is 5 to
4 is 11 unique
5 to 6 acquire
6 acquire 10 biomarkers
9 suited 10 biomarkers
11 unique 12 for
11 unique 17 for
12 for 14 changes
13 the 14 changes
14 changes 15 that
14 changes 16 occur
15 that 16 occur
17 for 18 each
18 each 19 of
19 of 22 questions
20 the 22 questions
21 clinical 22 questions
23 ; 26 blood
24 in 25 red
24 in 26 blood
26 blood 28 aging
27 cell 28 aging
28 aging 31 important
28 aging 37 for
29 ( 31 important
30 also 31 important
31 important 32 for
31 important 35 )
32 for 34 medicine
33 transfusion 34 medicine
36 , 37 for
37 for 39 or
37 for 43 .
38 thalassemias 39 or
39 or 42 disease
40 sickle 42 disease
41 cell 42 disease

this article is part of a special issue entitled : biomarkers : a proteomic challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 4 part
4 part 5 of
5 of 8 issue
6 a 8 issue
7 special 8 issue
8 issue 9 entitled
10 : 11 biomarkers
10 : 12 :
12 : 15 challenge
12 : 16 .
13 a 15 challenge
14 proteomic 15 challenge

oxidative stress is involved in many age - associated diseases , as well as in the aging process itself . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oxidative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
1 oxidative 3 is
1 oxidative 4 involved
2 stress 3 is
4 involved 5 in
4 involved 7 age
4 involved 12 as
4 involved 14 as
4 involved 19 itself
5 in 6 many
7 age 10 diseases
8 - 10 diseases
9 associated 10 diseases
10 diseases 11 ,
12 as 13 well
14 as 15 in
15 in 18 process
16 the 18 process
17 aging 18 process

the development of interventions to reduce oxidative stress is hampered by the absence of sensitive detection methods that can be used in live animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 hampered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 5 to
2 development 6 reduce
2 development 9 is
3 of 4 interventions
5 to 6 reduce
6 reduce 8 stress
7 oxidative 8 stress
9 is 10 hampered
10 hampered 11 by
11 by 13 absence
12 the 13 absence
13 absence 14 of
14 of 17 methods
15 sensitive 16 detection
16 detection 17 methods
17 methods 18 that
17 methods 19 can
18 that 19 can
19 can 20 be
20 be 21 used
21 used 22 in
22 in 24 animals
23 live 24 animals

we generated transgenic mice expressing ratiometric redox - sensitive green fluorescent protein ( rogfp ) in the cytosol or mitochondria of several tissues , including skin epidermal keratinocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 generated
1 we 2 generated
2 generated 4 mice
2 generated 25 including
3 transgenic 4 mice
4 mice 5 expressing
5 expressing 7 redox
5 expressing 16 in
6 ratiometric 7 redox
7 redox 12 protein
8 - 12 protein
9 sensitive 12 protein
10 green 12 protein
11 fluorescent 12 protein
12 protein 14 rogfp
12 protein 15 )
13 ( 14 rogfp
14 rogfp 15 )
16 in 19 or
17 the 18 cytosol
18 cytosol 19 or
19 or 20 mitochondria
19 or 21 of
21 of 23 tissues
22 several 23 tissues
24 , 25 including
25 including 28 keratinocytes
25 including 29 .
26 skin 28 keratinocytes
27 epidermal 28 keratinocytes

crossbreeding into hairless albino mice allowed noninvasive optical measurement of skin [oxidative] [state] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crossbreeding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 crossbreeding 2 into
1 crossbreeding 6 allowed
2 into 5 mice
3 hairless 4 albino
4 albino 5 mice
6 allowed 9 measurement
7 noninvasive 9 measurement
8 optical 9 measurement
9 measurement 10 of
10 of 11 skin

topical application of hydrogen peroxide emulsion shifted the keratinocyte redox state toward oxidation within minutes and could be observed in real time by fluorescence ratio imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 application
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 topical 2 application
2 application 3 of
2 application 16 and
3 of 6 emulsion
4 hydrogen 6 emulsion
5 peroxide 6 emulsion
7 shifted 11 state
7 shifted 12 toward
7 shifted 14 within
7 shifted 16 and
8 the 11 state
9 keratinocyte 11 state
10 redox 11 state
12 toward 13 oxidation
14 within 15 minutes
16 and 17 could
16 and 23 by
17 could 18 be
18 be 19 observed
19 observed 20 in
20 in 22 time
21 real 22 time
23 by 26 imaging
24 fluorescence 25 ratio
25 ratio 26 imaging

exposing skin to 365 nm uva radiation oxidized rogfp localized in keratinocyte mitochondria , but not [when] rogfp was localized in the cytosol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 oxidized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 exposing 2 skin
1 exposing 3 to
1 exposing 8 oxidized
3 to 7 radiation
4 365 5 nm
5 nm 7 radiation
6 uva 7 radiation
8 oxidized 9 rogfp
8 oxidized 11 in
9 rogfp 10 localized
11 in 13 mitochondria
12 keratinocyte 13 mitochondria
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 not
15 but 18 rogfp
15 but 20 localized
18 rogfp 19 was
19 was 20 localized
20 localized 21 in
21 in 23 cytosol
22 the 23 cytosol

this suggests that significant amounts of the endogenous photosensitizers that mediate uva [-] induced oxidative stress are located in the mitochondria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 5 amounts
3 that 18 located
4 significant 5 amounts
5 amounts 6 of
5 amounts 10 that
5 amounts 11 mediate
5 amounts 17 are
6 of 9 photosensitizers
7 the 9 photosensitizers
8 endogenous 9 photosensitizers
10 that 11 mediate
11 mediate 16 stress
12 uva 14 induced
14 induced 16 stress
15 oxidative 16 stress
17 are 18 located
18 located 19 in
19 in 21 mitochondria
20 the 21 mitochondria

uvr is the major environmental cause of skin aging and uva - mediated oxidative stress has been associated with the development of wrinkles in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 uvr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 uvr 2 is
2 is 4 major
3 the 4 major
4 major 5 environmental
4 major 9 aging
5 environmental 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
7 of 8 skin
10 and 15 stress
10 and 18 associated
11 uva 12 -
11 uva 15 stress
13 mediated 15 stress
14 oxidative 15 stress
15 stress 16 has
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 24 in
19 with 21 development
20 the 21 development
21 development 22 of
22 of 23 wrinkles
24 in 25 humans

direct measurements of redox state in defined cell compartments of live animals should be a powerful and convenient tool for evaluating treatments that aim to modulate oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 direct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 direct 2 measurements
1 direct 5 state
1 direct 13 should
2 measurements 3 of
2 measurements 5 state
3 of 4 redox
5 state 6 in
6 in 9 compartments
7 defined 8 cell
8 cell 9 compartments
9 compartments 10 of
10 of 12 animals
11 live 12 animals
13 should 14 be
14 be 19 tool
15 a 19 tool
16 powerful 17 and
17 and 18 convenient
17 and 19 tool
19 tool 20 for
20 for 21 evaluating
21 evaluating 22 treatments
22 treatments 23 that
22 treatments 24 aim
23 that 24 aim
24 aim 25 to
25 to 26 modulate
26 modulate 28 stress
27 oxidative 28 stress

anorexia of aging , defined as a loss of appetite [and/or] reduced food intake , affects a significant number of elderly people and is far more prevalent among frail individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 anorexia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 anorexia 2 of
1 anorexia 5 defined
1 anorexia 23 and
2 of 3 aging
4 , 5 defined
5 defined 6 as
5 defined 15 ,
6 as 8 loss
7 a 8 loss
8 loss 9 of
9 of 14 intake
10 appetite 12 reduced
12 reduced 13 food
13 food 14 intake
16 affects 19 number
16 affects 23 and
17 a 18 significant
17 a 19 number
18 significant 19 number
19 number 20 of
20 of 22 people
21 elderly 22 people
23 and 24 is
24 is 27 prevalent
25 far 26 more
26 more 27 prevalent
27 prevalent 28 among
28 among 30 individuals
29 frail 30 individuals

anorexia recognizes a multifactorial origin characterized by various combinations of medical , environmental and social factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 anorexia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recognizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 anorexia 2 recognizes
2 recognizes 5 origin
3 a 4 multifactorial
3 a 5 origin
4 multifactorial 5 origin
5 origin 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 9 combinations
8 various 9 combinations
9 combinations 10 of
10 of 16 factors
11 medical 12 ,
12 , 13 environmental
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 social
14 and 16 factors

given the interconnection between weight loss , sarcopenia and frailty , anorexia is a powerful , independent predictor of poor quality of life , morbidity and mortality in older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 anorexia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 given 3 interconnection
1 given 4 between
1 given 11 ,
1 given 12 anorexia
2 the 3 interconnection
4 between 6 loss
5 weight 6 loss
6 loss 9 and
7 , 9 and
8 sarcopenia 9 and
9 and 10 frailty
9 and 11 ,
12 anorexia 13 is
13 is 26 and
14 a 18 predictor
15 powerful 16 ,
15 powerful 18 predictor
17 independent 18 predictor
18 predictor 19 of
18 predictor 24 ,
19 of 21 quality
20 poor 21 quality
21 quality 22 of
22 of 23 life
24 , 25 morbidity
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 mortality
26 and 28 in
28 in 30 persons
29 older 30 persons

one of the most important goals in the management of older , frail people is to optimize their nutritional status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 15 is
2 of 6 goals
3 the 4 most
4 most 6 goals
5 important 6 goals
6 goals 7 in
7 in 9 management
8 the 9 management
9 management 10 of
10 of 14 people
11 older 12 ,
11 older 14 people
13 frail 14 people
15 is 16 to
15 is 17 optimize
16 to 17 optimize
17 optimize 20 status
18 their 20 status
19 nutritional 20 status

to achieve this objective it is important to identify subjects at risk of anorexia and to provide multi - stimulus interventions that ensure an adequate amount of food to limit [and/or] reverse weight loss and functional decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
1 to 15 and
2 achieve 4 objective
2 achieve 15 and
3 this 4 objective
4 objective 5 it
4 objective 9 identify
5 it 6 is
6 is 7 important
7 important 8 to
7 important 9 identify
8 to 9 identify
9 identify 10 subjects
10 subjects 11 at
10 subjects 13 of
11 at 12 risk
13 of 14 anorexia
15 and 16 to
15 and 30 limit
16 to 17 provide
17 provide 21 interventions
17 provide 29 to
18 multi 19 -
18 multi 20 stimulus
20 stimulus 21 interventions
21 interventions 22 that
21 interventions 23 ensure
22 that 23 ensure
23 ensure 28 food
24 an 26 amount
25 adequate 26 amount
26 amount 27 of
26 amount 28 food
27 of 28 food
29 to 30 limit
30 limit 35 and
32 reverse 34 loss
33 weight 34 loss
34 loss 35 and
35 and 37 decline
35 and 38 .
36 functional 37 decline

here , we provide a brief overview on the relevance of anorexia in the context of sarcopenia and frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 7 overview
4 provide 8 on
4 provide 13 in
5 a 6 brief
5 a 7 overview
6 brief 7 overview
8 on 10 relevance
9 the 10 relevance
10 relevance 11 of
11 of 12 anorexia
13 in 15 context
14 the 15 context
15 context 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 sarcopenia 18 and
18 and 19 frailty

major pathways supposedly involved in the pathogenesis of anorexia are also illustrated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 illustrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 major 2 pathways
2 pathways 4 involved
2 pathways 10 are
3 supposedly 4 involved
4 involved 5 in
5 in 7 pathogenesis
6 the 7 pathogenesis
7 pathogenesis 8 of
8 of 9 anorexia
10 are 12 illustrated
11 also 12 illustrated

finally , the importance of treating anorexia to achieve health benefits in frail elders is highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 importance
3 the 4 importance
4 importance 5 of
4 importance 8 to
4 importance 9 achieve
4 importance 15 is
5 of 6 treating
6 treating 7 anorexia
8 to 9 achieve
9 achieve 11 benefits
9 achieve 12 in
10 health 11 benefits
12 in 14 elders
13 frail 14 elders
15 is 16 highlighted

the present study investigated age - related attentional changes by comparing event [-] related potentials ( erps ) in young and older adults during a rapid serial visual presentation task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
1 the 5 age
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 9 changes
7 related 19 in
7 related 24 during
7 related 31 .
8 attentional 9 changes
9 changes 10 by
10 by 11 comparing
11 comparing 15 potentials
12 event 14 related
14 related 15 potentials
15 potentials 17 erps
16 ( 17 erps
17 erps 18 )
19 in 23 adults
20 young 21 and
21 and 22 older
21 and 23 adults
24 during 30 task
25 a 26 rapid
25 a 30 task
26 rapid 30 task
27 serial 30 task
28 visual 30 task
29 presentation 30 task

we focused on analyzing the p3a and the n2 in both the target stimulus and the immediately succeeding irrelevant stimulus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 focused
2 focused 3 on
3 on 4 analyzing
4 analyzing 7 and
4 analyzing 10 in
5 the 7 and
6 p3a 7 and
7 and 9 n2
8 the 9 n2
10 in 15 and
11 both 15 and
12 the 14 stimulus
13 target 14 stimulus
14 stimulus 15 and
15 and 20 stimulus
16 the 20 stimulus
17 immediately 18 succeeding
18 succeeding 20 stimulus
19 irrelevant 20 stimulus

as compared with younger adults , older adults exhibited a marked reduction in the amplitude of the p3a and n2 elicited by the stimulus following the target stimulus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 as 2 compared
1 as 6 ,
1 as 8 adults
2 compared 3 with
3 with 5 adults
4 younger 5 adults
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 exhibited
9 exhibited 12 reduction
9 exhibited 13 in
10 a 12 reduction
11 marked 12 reduction
13 in 19 and
14 the 15 amplitude
15 amplitude 16 of
15 amplitude 19 and
16 of 18 p3a
17 the 18 p3a
19 and 20 n2
19 and 21 elicited
21 elicited 22 by
22 by 24 stimulus
23 the 24 stimulus
24 stimulus 25 following
25 following 28 stimulus
26 the 28 stimulus
27 target 28 stimulus

moreover , in younger adults , the p3a and n2 amplitudes did not differ between both stimuli , whereas in older adults these erp components were significantly reduced in the subsequent stimulus compared to the target one . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 amplitudes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 11 amplitudes
3 in 9 and
3 in 11 amplitudes
4 younger 5 adults
5 adults 6 ,
6 , 8 p3a
6 , 9 and
7 the 8 p3a
9 and 10 n2
11 amplitudes 12 did
12 did 13 not
12 did 14 differ
14 differ 15 between
14 differ 19 whereas
15 between 17 stimuli
16 both 17 stimuli
18 , 19 whereas
19 whereas 25 components
20 in 22 adults
20 in 25 components
21 older 22 adults
23 these 25 components
24 erp 25 components
25 components 26 were
26 were 27 significantly
26 were 28 reduced
28 reduced 29 in
28 reduced 34 to
29 in 32 stimulus
30 the 32 stimulus
31 subsequent 32 stimulus
32 stimulus 33 compared
34 to 36 target
35 the 36 target
36 target 37 one

the age - related attenuation of p3a and n2 amplitudes for the subsequent stimulus indicates that older adults take longer and have more difficulty shifting their attention from one stimulus to the next one . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
1 the 2 age
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 attenuation
4 related 11 for
4 related 35 .
5 attenuation 6 of
6 of 10 amplitudes
7 p3a 8 and
8 and 9 n2
9 n2 10 amplitudes
11 for 14 stimulus
12 the 14 stimulus
13 subsequent 14 stimulus
14 stimulus 21 and
15 indicates 16 that
15 indicates 21 and
16 that 18 adults
16 that 19 take
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 take
19 take 20 longer
21 and 22 have
21 and 24 difficulty
21 and 28 from
23 more 24 difficulty
24 difficulty 25 shifting
25 shifting 27 attention
26 their 27 attention
28 from 30 stimulus
29 one 30 stimulus
30 stimulus 31 to
31 to 34 one
32 the 33 next
32 the 34 one

the literature on age [-] friendly communities is [predominantly] focused on a model of urban aging , thereby failing to reflect the diversity of rural communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 focused
1 the 2 literature
2 literature 3 on
2 literature 8 is
3 on 7 communities
4 age 7 communities
6 friendly 7 communities
8 is 10 focused
10 focused 11 on
11 on 13 model
12 a 13 model
13 model 14 of
14 of 16 aging
15 urban 16 aging
16 aging 19 failing
17 , 19 failing
18 thereby 19 failing
19 failing 20 to
19 failing 21 reflect
19 failing 27 .
20 to 21 reflect
21 reflect 23 diversity
22 the 23 diversity
23 diversity 24 of
24 of 26 communities
25 rural 26 communities

in this article , we address that gap by focusing on the concept [of] community in a rural context and asking what makes a good fi [t] between older people and their environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 address
6 address 8 gap
6 address 9 by
6 address 16 in
7 that 8 gap
9 by 10 focusing
10 focusing 11 on
11 on 15 community
12 the 15 community
13 concept 15 community
16 in 19 context
17 a 18 rural
17 a 19 context
18 rural 19 context
20 and 21 asking
20 and 23 makes
21 asking 22 what
21 asking 23 makes
23 makes 26 fi
23 makes 28 between
24 a 26 fi
25 good 26 fi
28 between 31 and
29 older 30 people
30 people 31 and
31 and 33 environment
32 their 33 environment

many neurodegenerative disorders involve the abnormal accumulation of proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 involve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 many 3 disorders
2 neurodegenerative 3 disorders
3 disorders 4 involve
4 involve 7 accumulation
5 the 7 accumulation
6 abnormal 7 accumulation
7 accumulation 8 of
8 of 9 proteins

in addition to the pathologic hallmarks of neurofibrillary tangles and β - amyloid plaques in alzheimer disease ( ad ) , here we show that abnormal accumulations of gephyrin , an inhibitory receptor - anchoring protein , are highly correlated with the neuropathologic diagnosis of ad in 17 ad versus 14 control cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 in 10 and
1 in 21 ,
1 in 23 we
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 10 and
3 to 6 hallmarks
4 the 6 hallmarks
5 pathologic 6 hallmarks
6 hallmarks 7 of
7 of 9 tangles
8 neurofibrillary 9 tangles
10 and 11 β
10 and 14 plaques
12 - 14 plaques
13 amyloid 14 plaques
14 plaques 15 in
14 plaques 19 ad
14 plaques 21 ,
15 in 17 disease
16 alzheimer 17 disease
18 ( 19 ad
19 ad 20 )
22 here 23 we
23 we 24 show
24 show 27 accumulations
24 show 40 correlated
25 that 26 abnormal
26 abnormal 27 accumulations
27 accumulations 28 of
27 accumulations 35 anchoring
27 accumulations 38 are
28 of 29 gephyrin
29 gephyrin 33 receptor
30 , 33 receptor
31 an 32 inhibitory
31 an 33 receptor
32 inhibitory 33 receptor
33 receptor 34 -
34 - 35 anchoring
35 anchoring 36 protein
35 anchoring 37 ,
38 are 40 correlated
39 highly 40 correlated
40 correlated 41 with
41 with 44 diagnosis
42 the 44 diagnosis
43 neuropathologic 44 diagnosis
44 diagnosis 45 of
45 of 46 ad
46 ad 47 in
47 in 49 ad
48 17 49 ad
49 ad 50 versus
49 ad 52 control
49 ad 53 cases
50 versus 51 14
52 control 53 cases

furthermore , gephyrin accumulations were specific for ad and not [seen] in normal controls or other neurodegenerative diseases including parkinson disease , corticobasal degeneration , and frontotemporal degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accumulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 accumulations
3 gephyrin 4 accumulations
4 accumulations 5 were
5 were 6 specific
6 specific 9 and
7 for 8 ad
7 for 9 and
9 and 10 not
9 and 12 in
12 in 26 and
13 normal 14 controls
14 controls 15 or
15 or 18 diseases
15 or 19 including
15 or 26 and
16 other 18 diseases
17 neurodegenerative 18 diseases
19 including 21 disease
20 parkinson 21 disease
21 disease 24 degeneration
22 , 24 degeneration
23 corticobasal 24 degeneration
24 degeneration 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 degeneration
27 frontotemporal 28 degeneration

gephyrin accumulations in ad overlapped with β - amyloid plaques and [,] more rarely , neurofibrillary tangles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 overlapped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 gephyrin 2 accumulations
2 accumulations 3 in
2 accumulations 5 overlapped
3 in 4 ad
5 overlapped 6 with
5 overlapped 11 and
5 overlapped 14 rarely
6 with 9 amyloid
7 β 8 -
7 β 9 amyloid
10 plaques 11 and
11 and 13 more
15 , 17 tangles
16 neurofibrillary 17 tangles

biochemical and proteomic studies of ad and control brain samples suggested alterations in gephyrin solubility and reveal elevated levels of gephyrin lower - molecular - weight species in the ad insoluble fraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biochemical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 and 4 studies
2 and 16 and
3 proteomic 4 studies
4 studies 5 of
4 studies 16 and
5 of 7 and
6 ad 7 and
7 and 8 control
9 brain 12 alterations
9 brain 13 in
9 brain 16 and
10 samples 11 suggested
11 suggested 12 alterations
13 in 15 solubility
14 gephyrin 15 solubility
16 and 17 reveal
16 and 19 levels
18 elevated 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 27 species
21 gephyrin 27 species
22 lower 23 -
22 lower 26 weight
24 molecular 25 -
24 molecular 26 weight
26 weight 27 species
27 species 28 in
28 in 32 fraction
29 the 32 fraction
30 ad 32 fraction
31 insoluble 32 fraction

because gephyrin is involved in synaptic organization and synaptic dysfunction is an early event in ad , these findings point to its possible role in the pathogenesis of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 because 8 and
1 because 11 is
1 because 17 ,
1 because 19 findings
2 gephyrin 3 is
2 gephyrin 8 and
3 is 4 involved
4 involved 5 in
5 in 7 organization
6 synaptic 7 organization
8 and 10 dysfunction
9 synaptic 10 dysfunction
10 dysfunction 11 is
11 is 14 event
11 is 15 in
12 an 13 early
12 an 14 event
13 early 14 event
15 in 16 ad
18 these 19 findings
19 findings 20 point
20 point 21 to
20 point 25 in
21 to 24 role
22 its 24 role
23 possible 24 role
25 in 27 pathogenesis
26 the 27 pathogenesis
27 pathogenesis 28 of
28 of 29 ad

scholars who study how social networks affect older adults ' health are often concerned with the prospect of declining social connectedness in late life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scholars
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 concerned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 scholars 2 who
1 scholars 3 study
1 scholars 12 are
2 who 3 study
3 study 4 how
4 how 6 networks
4 how 7 affect
5 social 6 networks
6 networks 7 affect
7 affect 11 health
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 '
10 ' 11 health
12 are 14 concerned
13 often 14 concerned
14 concerned 15 with
15 with 17 prospect
16 the 17 prospect
17 prospect 18 of
18 of 19 declining
19 declining 21 connectedness
19 declining 22 in
20 social 21 connectedness
22 in 24 life
23 late 24 life

this paper shifts the focus to older adults ' tendencies to cultivate new social ties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shifts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 shifts
3 shifts 5 focus
3 shifts 6 to
3 shifts 11 to
4 the 5 focus
6 to 10 tendencies
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 '
9 ' 10 tendencies
11 to 12 cultivate
12 cultivate 15 ties
13 new 15 ties
14 social 15 ties

this process of network growth can improve access to social resources , boost self - esteem , reduce loneliness , and increase physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 process
2 process 3 of
2 process 6 can
3 of 5 growth
4 network 5 growth
6 can 7 improve
7 improve 8 access
7 improve 9 to
9 to 11 resources
10 social 11 resources
12 , 14 self
12 , 15 -
13 boost 14 self
15 - 16 esteem
15 - 17 ,
17 , 18 reduce
18 reduce 21 and
19 loneliness 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 activity
22 increase 24 activity
23 physical 24 activity

we therefore examine the link between tie cultivation and health using new longitudinal data from the national social life , health , and aging project ( nshap ) , which recorded changes in older adults ' confidant network rosters over a period of about five years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 we 3 examine
2 therefore 3 examine
3 examine 5 link
3 examine 6 between
3 examine 11 using
4 the 5 link
6 between 9 and
7 tie 8 cultivation
8 cultivation 9 and
9 and 10 health
11 using 14 data
11 using 15 from
11 using 33 in
12 new 14 data
13 longitudinal 14 data
15 from 23 and
16 the 19 life
17 national 18 social
18 social 19 life
19 life 20 ,
20 , 21 health
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 27 nshap
23 and 29 ,
23 and 30 which
23 and 31 recorded
24 aging 25 project
25 project 27 nshap
26 ( 27 nshap
27 nshap 28 )
30 which 31 recorded
31 recorded 32 changes
33 in 39 rosters
34 older 35 adults
35 adults 36 '
36 ' 39 rosters
37 confidant 38 network
38 network 39 rosters
39 rosters 40 over
40 over 42 period
41 a 42 period
42 period 43 of
43 of 46 years
44 about 45 five
45 five 46 years

most respondents ( 81.8 % ) added at least one new network member during the study period , and most ( 59.4 % ) cultivated multiple new confidant relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 added
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 most 2 respondents
2 respondents 5 %
2 respondents 7 added
3 ( 5 %
4 81.8 5 %
5 % 6 )
7 added 19 and
7 added 25 cultivated
8 at 9 least
9 least 10 one
10 one 13 member
11 new 12 network
12 network 13 member
13 member 14 during
13 member 19 and
14 during 17 period
15 the 17 period
16 study 17 period
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 most
19 and 23 %
19 and 25 cultivated
21 ( 23 %
22 59.4 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 cultivated 29 relationships
26 multiple 28 confidant
27 new 28 confidant
28 confidant 29 relationships

longitudinal analyses suggest that the addition of new confidants is associated with improvements in functional , self [-] [rated] , and psychological health , net of baseline connectedness as well as any network losses that occurred during the same period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 longitudinal 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 addition
4 that 11 associated
5 the 6 addition
6 addition 7 of
6 addition 10 is
7 of 9 confidants
8 new 9 confidants
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 14 in
12 with 13 improvements
14 in 21 and
15 functional 16 ,
16 , 17 self
16 , 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 health
21 and 25 net
22 psychological 23 health
24 , 25 net
25 net 26 of
25 net 35 that
25 net 36 occurred
25 net 41 .
26 of 28 connectedness
27 baseline 28 connectedness
28 connectedness 29 as
28 connectedness 31 as
29 as 30 well
31 as 34 losses
32 any 34 losses
33 network 34 losses
35 that 36 occurred
36 occurred 37 during
37 during 40 period
38 the 39 same
39 same 40 period

network losses were associated with physical but not psychological well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 losses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 network 2 losses
2 losses 3 were
3 were 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 10 well
6 physical 7 but
7 but 8 not
7 but 9 psychological
7 but 10 well
8 not 9 psychological
11 - 12 being
11 - 13 .

these findings underscore the importance of distinguishing between concurrent processes that underlie social network change in later life , and highlight the need for additional research on the mechanisms by which network change may improve health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 20 and
3 underscore 5 importance
3 underscore 20 and
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 7 distinguishing
7 distinguishing 8 between
7 distinguishing 16 in
8 between 10 processes
9 concurrent 10 processes
10 processes 11 that
10 processes 12 underlie
11 that 12 underlie
12 underlie 15 change
13 social 15 change
14 network 15 change
16 in 18 life
17 later 18 life
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 highlight
20 and 24 for
21 highlight 23 need
22 the 23 need
24 for 26 research
25 additional 26 research
26 research 27 on
27 on 29 mechanisms
28 the 29 mechanisms
29 mechanisms 30 by
30 by 31 which
30 by 32 network
30 by 33 change
30 by 35 improve
31 which 32 network
33 change 34 may
34 may 35 improve
35 improve 36 health

workforce planning in an era of health care reform is a challenge as both delivery systems and patient demographics change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 workforce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 workforce 2 planning
1 workforce 10 is
2 planning 3 in
3 in 5 era
4 an 5 era
5 era 6 of
6 of 9 reform
7 health 8 care
8 care 9 reform
10 is 12 challenge
10 is 13 as
11 a 12 challenge
13 as 16 systems
14 both 16 systems
15 delivery 16 systems
17 and 19 demographics
17 and 20 change
18 patient 19 demographics
19 demographics 20 change

current workforce projections are based on a future health care system that is either an identified " ideal " or a modified version of the existing system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 projections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 current 3 projections
2 workforce 3 projections
3 projections 4 are
4 are 5 based
5 based 6 on
6 on 11 system
7 a 11 system
8 future 9 health
9 health 10 care
10 care 11 system
11 system 12 that
11 system 13 is
11 system 24 of
12 that 13 is
13 is 20 or
14 either 20 or
15 an 18 ideal
16 identified 17 "
16 identified 18 ideal
18 ideal 19 "
18 ideal 20 or
20 or 23 version
21 a 23 version
22 modified 23 version
24 of 27 system
25 the 27 system
26 existing 27 system

the desire to plan for such an " ideal system , " however , may threaten access to necessary services if it does not come to fruition or is based [on] theoretical rather than empirical [data.historically] , workforce planning that concentrated only on an " ideal system " has been centered on incorrect assumptions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 desire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 the 2 desire
2 desire 3 to
2 desire 4 plan
2 desire 28 or
3 to 4 plan
4 plan 5 for
4 plan 13 however
5 for 10 system
6 such 7 an
7 an 8 "
7 an 10 system
9 ideal 10 system
11 , 12 "
11 , 13 however
13 however 14 ,
15 may 16 threaten
15 may 28 or
16 threaten 17 access
16 threaten 18 to
16 threaten 21 if
18 to 20 services
19 necessary 20 services
21 if 22 it
21 if 25 come
22 it 23 does
23 does 24 not
23 does 25 come
25 come 26 to
26 to 27 fruition
28 or 29 is
28 or 34 than
29 is 30 based
30 based 32 theoretical
33 rather 34 than
34 than 39 planning
35 empirical 37 ,
35 empirical 38 workforce
38 workforce 39 planning
39 planning 40 that
39 planning 50 been
39 planning 51 centered
39 planning 52 on
40 that 41 concentrated
40 that 49 has
41 concentrated 42 only
42 only 43 on
43 on 47 system
44 an 45 "
44 an 47 system
46 ideal 47 system
47 system 48 "
49 has 50 been
52 on 54 assumptions
53 incorrect 54 assumptions

two examples of such failures presented in the 1980s when the graduate medical education national advisory committee recommended a decrease in the physician workforce on the basis of predetermined " necessary and appropriate " services and in the 1990s [,] when planners expected managed care and health maintenance organizations to completely overhaul the existing health care system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 two 2 examples
2 examples 3 of
2 examples 46 and
3 of 5 failures
4 such 5 failures
5 failures 6 presented
6 presented 7 in
6 presented 10 when
7 in 9 1980s
8 the 9 1980s
10 when 17 committee
10 when 18 recommended
11 the 17 committee
12 graduate 13 medical
13 medical 14 education
14 education 15 national
15 national 16 advisory
16 advisory 17 committee
17 committee 18 recommended
18 recommended 20 decrease
18 recommended 21 in
18 recommended 36 and
18 recommended 41 when
19 a 20 decrease
21 in 24 workforce
22 the 24 workforce
23 physician 24 workforce
25 on 27 basis
25 on 36 and
26 the 27 basis
27 basis 28 of
28 of 35 services
29 predetermined 30 "
29 predetermined 35 services
31 necessary 32 and
32 and 33 appropriate
32 and 35 services
33 appropriate 34 "
36 and 37 in
37 in 39 1990s
38 the 39 1990s
41 when 42 planners
41 when 44 managed
42 planners 43 expected
42 planners 44 managed
44 managed 45 care
46 and 49 organizations
46 and 50 to
46 and 52 overhaul
47 health 49 organizations
48 maintenance 49 organizations
50 to 52 overhaul
51 completely 52 overhaul
52 overhaul 57 system
53 the 57 system
54 existing 57 system
55 health 57 system
56 care 57 system

neither accounted for human behavior , demographic changes , and actual demand for health care services , leaving the nation ill - prepared to care for an aging population with chronic disease.in this article , the authors argue that workforce planning should begin with the current system and make adjustments based on empirical data that accurately reflect current trends . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 neither 2 accounted
2 accounted 3 for
2 accounted 10 and
3 for 5 behavior
4 human 5 behavior
5 behavior 8 changes
6 , 8 changes
7 demographic 8 changes
8 changes 9 ,
10 and 25 care
11 actual 12 demand
12 demand 13 for
12 demand 23 prepared
13 for 16 services
14 health 15 care
15 care 16 services
16 services 18 leaving
17 , 18 leaving
18 leaving 20 nation
18 leaving 21 ill
18 leaving 22 -
19 the 20 nation
23 prepared 24 to
24 to 25 care
25 care 26 for
25 care 30 with
26 for 29 population
27 an 29 population
28 aging 29 population
30 with 32 disease.in
30 with 34 article
31 chronic 32 disease.in
33 this 34 article
35 , 37 authors
35 , 38 argue
36 the 37 authors
37 authors 38 argue
38 argue 39 that
39 that 41 planning
39 that 48 and
40 workforce 41 planning
41 planning 42 should
42 should 48 and
43 begin 44 with
43 begin 48 and
44 with 47 system
45 the 47 system
46 current 47 system
48 and 49 make
49 make 50 adjustments
49 make 57 reflect
50 adjustments 51 based
51 based 52 on
51 based 56 accurately
52 on 54 data
53 empirical 54 data
55 that 56 accurately
57 reflect 59 trends
58 current 59 trends

actual health care use patterns will become evident as systemic changes are realized - [or] not [-] over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 realized
1 actual 2 health
3 care 4 use
4 use 6 will
5 patterns 6 will
6 will 7 become
6 will 11 changes
6 will 12 are
6 will 13 realized
8 evident 11 changes
9 as 10 systemic
10 systemic 11 changes
11 changes 12 are
13 realized 18 over
14 - 16 not
14 - 18 over
18 over 19 time
18 over 20 .

no single approach will solve the looming physician shortage , but the danger of planning only for an ideal system is being unprepared for the actual needs of the population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 solve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 no 3 approach
2 single 3 approach
3 approach 4 will
4 will 5 solve
5 solve 9 shortage
6 the 9 shortage
7 looming 8 physician
8 physician 9 shortage
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 danger
11 but 21 is
12 the 13 danger
13 danger 14 of
13 danger 21 is
14 of 15 planning
15 planning 16 only
16 only 17 for
17 for 20 system
18 an 20 system
19 ideal 20 system
21 is 22 being
22 being 23 unprepared
23 unprepared 24 for
24 for 27 needs
25 the 27 needs
26 actual 27 needs
27 needs 28 of
28 of 30 population
29 the 30 population

background : the purpose of this study was to determine the risk for cancers in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) stratified by body mass index [(] bmi [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 )(
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 7 study
4 purpose 17 with
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 12 risk
10 determine 15 in
10 determine 17 with
11 the 12 risk
12 risk 13 for
13 for 14 cancers
15 in 16 patients
18 and 23 mellitus
18 and 27 stratified
19 without 20 type
19 without 23 mellitus
20 type 21 2
22 diabetes 23 mellitus
23 mellitus 25 dm
23 mellitus 27 stratified
24 ( 25 dm
25 dm 26 )
27 stratified 28 by
28 by 33 bmi
29 body 30 mass
30 mass 33 bmi
31 index 33 bmi

methods : patients hospitalized from january 2000 to december 2010 with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm ( international classification of diseases , ninth revision , codes 140 - 208.91 ) were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 5 from
2 : 8 to
2 : 11 with
3 patients 4 hospitalized
5 from 6 january
6 january 7 2000
8 to 9 december
9 december 10 2010
11 with 13 diagnosis
12 a 13 diagnosis
13 diagnosis 14 of
13 diagnosis 19 classification
14 of 16 neoplasm
15 malignant 16 neoplasm
17 ( 19 classification
18 international 19 classification
19 classification 20 of
19 classification 24 revision
19 classification 25 ,
20 of 21 diseases
22 , 24 revision
23 ninth 24 revision
24 revision 25 ,
25 , 26 codes
25 , 32 included
26 codes 27 140
26 codes 29 208.91
26 codes 31 were
28 - 29 208.91
29 208.91 30 )
31 were 32 included

diabetes mellitus was defined as [a] fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dl or greater [or] [a] postprandial blood glucose of 200 mg/dl or greater . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mellitus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 diabetes 2 mellitus
2 mellitus 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
4 defined 13 or
5 as 8 blood
7 fasting 8 blood
9 glucose 10 of
9 glucose 13 or
10 of 12 mg/dl
11 126 12 mg/dl
13 or 14 greater
14 greater 23 or
17 postprandial 18 blood
18 blood 19 glucose
19 glucose 20 of
19 glucose 23 or
20 of 22 mg/dl
21 200 22 mg/dl
23 or 24 greater

the patients were categorized according to bmi criteria for asians : normal weight , bmi of less than 24 kg/m ; overweight , bmi of greater than 24 kg/m [;] and obese , bmi of greater than 27 kg/m . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 categorized
4 categorized 6 to
4 categorized 9 for
5 according 6 to
6 to 8 criteria
7 bmi 8 criteria
9 for 10 asians
11 : 13 weight
11 : 21 ;
12 normal 13 weight
13 weight 15 bmi
14 , 15 bmi
15 bmi 16 of
15 bmi 21 ;
16 of 20 kg/m
17 less 18 than
18 than 19 24
19 24 20 kg/m
21 ; 31 and
22 overweight 23 ,
23 , 24 bmi
23 , 31 and
24 bmi 25 of
25 of 29 kg/m
26 greater 27 than
27 than 28 24
28 24 29 kg/m
31 and 32 obese
31 and 34 bmi
33 , 34 bmi
34 bmi 35 of
34 bmi 40 .
35 of 39 kg/m
36 greater 37 than
37 than 38 27
38 27 39 kg/m

results : a total of 42,229 patients were included , of which 24,884 ( 59 % ) were normal weight , 10,096 ( 24 % ) were overweight , and 7,249 ( 17 % ) were obese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 7 patients
4 total 8 were
4 total 9 included
4 total 11 of
5 of 6 42,229
7 patients 8 were
10 , 11 of
11 of 12 which
11 of 29 ,
12 which 13 24,884
12 which 28 overweight
13 24,884 16 %
13 24,884 21 ,
14 ( 16 %
15 59 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 were 20 weight
18 were 21 ,
19 normal 20 weight
21 , 28 overweight
22 10,096 25 %
22 10,096 27 were
23 ( 25 %
24 24 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 were 28 overweight
30 and 31 7,249
30 and 36 were
31 7,249 34 %
31 7,249 36 were
32 ( 34 %
33 17 34 %
34 % 35 )
36 were 37 obese

[there] were 4,195 ( 16.9 % ) , 2,056 ( 20.4 % ) , [and] 1,625 ( 22.4 % ) patients with dm in the normal weight , overweight , and obese groups , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 were 3 4,195
2 were 21 patients
2 were 22 with
2 were 24 in
2 were 35 respectively
3 4,195 6 %
3 4,195 9 2,056
4 ( 6 %
5 16.9 6 %
6 % 7 )
8 , 9 2,056
9 2,056 12 %
9 2,056 16 1,625
9 2,056 20 )
10 ( 12 %
11 20.4 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 , 16 1,625
16 1,625 19 %
16 1,625 20 )
17 ( 19 %
18 22.4 19 %
19 % 20 )
22 with 23 dm
24 in 27 weight
25 the 27 weight
26 normal 27 weight
27 weight 33 groups
28 , 33 groups
29 overweight 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 obese
31 and 33 groups
33 groups 34 ,

regardless of weight , the diabetic patients were more likely to have pancreas [,] liver , urinary tract , prostate , skin , hematological , lung , secondary , and gastric malignancies but were less likely to have cervical , oropharyngeal , nasopharyngeal , breast , or thyroid cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 diabetic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 regardless 2 of
2 of 3 weight
2 of 4 ,
2 of 6 diabetic
5 the 6 diabetic
6 diabetic 7 patients
6 diabetic 11 to
6 diabetic 33 but
7 patients 8 were
8 were 9 more
8 were 10 likely
10 likely 11 to
12 have 30 and
12 have 33 but
13 pancreas 15 liver
15 liver 16 ,
16 , 18 tract
16 , 19 ,
17 urinary 18 tract
19 , 20 prostate
19 , 21 ,
21 , 22 skin
21 , 23 ,
23 , 26 lung
23 , 27 ,
24 hematological 25 ,
24 hematological 26 lung
27 , 28 secondary
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 malignancies
31 gastric 32 malignancies
33 but 34 were
34 were 36 likely
35 less 36 likely
36 likely 37 to
36 likely 38 have
37 to 38 have
38 have 47 or
39 cervical 40 ,
40 , 45 breast
40 , 47 or
41 oropharyngeal 42 ,
41 oropharyngeal 45 breast
43 nasopharyngeal 44 ,
43 nasopharyngeal 45 breast
46 , 47 or
47 or 49 cancer
48 thyroid 49 cancer

regardless of sex or the presence or the absence of dm , the patients with more than 1 malignancy were more likely to die than were those with only 1 malignancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 regardless 2 of
2 of 7 or
2 of 12 ,
2 of 14 patients
3 sex 4 or
4 or 6 presence
4 or 7 or
5 the 6 presence
7 or 9 absence
7 or 12 ,
8 the 9 absence
9 absence 10 of
10 of 11 dm
13 the 14 patients
14 patients 15 with
14 patients 20 were
15 with 19 malignancy
16 more 17 than
17 than 18 1
18 1 19 malignancy
20 were 22 likely
20 were 26 were
21 more 22 likely
22 likely 23 to
22 likely 26 were
23 to 24 die
24 die 25 than
26 were 27 those
26 were 31 malignancy
27 those 28 with
28 with 30 1
29 only 30 1

furthermore , the obese diabetic patients had higher mortality than did the obese nondiabetic patients with the same number of cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 patients
3 the 6 patients
4 obese 6 patients
5 diabetic 6 patients
6 patients 7 had
7 had 9 mortality
7 had 10 than
7 had 16 with
8 higher 9 mortality
10 than 11 did
11 did 15 patients
12 the 15 patients
13 obese 15 patients
14 nondiabetic 15 patients
16 with 21 cancers
17 the 18 same
18 same 19 number
19 number 20 of
19 number 21 cancers
20 of 21 cancers

conclusions : regardless of weight category [(] normal , overweight , or obese ) , diabetic patients are more likely to have pancreas [,] liver , urinary tract , prostate , skin , hematological , lung , secondary , and gastric malignancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 17 patients
2 : 18 are
3 regardless 17 patients
4 of 5 weight
4 of 17 patients
6 category 17 patients
8 normal 12 or
8 normal 15 ,
8 normal 17 patients
9 , 12 or
10 overweight 12 or
11 , 12 or
12 or 13 obese
12 or 14 )
16 diabetic 17 patients
17 patients 18 are
18 are 20 likely
19 more 20 likely
20 likely 21 to
21 to 22 have
22 have 40 and
23 pancreas 25 liver
25 liver 26 ,
26 , 28 tract
26 , 29 ,
27 urinary 28 tract
29 , 30 prostate
29 , 31 ,
31 , 32 skin
31 , 33 ,
33 , 36 lung
33 , 37 ,
34 hematological 35 ,
34 hematological 36 lung
37 , 38 secondary
37 , 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 malignancies
41 gastric 42 malignancies

diabetic patients may benefit from increased surveillance for these cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 diabetic 2 patients
2 patients 3 may
3 may 4 benefit
4 benefit 5 from
5 from 7 surveillance
6 increased 7 surveillance
7 surveillance 8 for
8 for 10 cancers
9 these 10 cancers

aim : place [of] death is an important component of the quality of a person 's death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 death
2 : 6 is
2 : 18 .
3 place 5 death
5 death 6 is
6 is 9 component
7 an 8 important
7 an 9 component
8 important 9 component
9 component 10 of
10 of 12 quality
11 the 12 quality
12 quality 13 of
13 of 17 death
14 a 15 person
15 person 16 's
16 's 17 death

the aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the literature concerning place of death of people with dementia and the preferences for location [of] death of people with dementia as well as family carers and healthcare providers preferred location of death for patients with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 24 with
7 to 8 undertake
8 undertake 14 synthesis
9 a 11 review
10 systematic 11 review
11 review 12 and
12 and 13 narrative
12 and 14 synthesis
14 synthesis 15 of
14 synthesis 20 of
15 of 17 literature
16 the 17 literature
17 literature 18 concerning
18 concerning 19 place
20 of 21 death
21 death 22 of
22 of 23 people
24 with 26 and
25 dementia 26 and
26 and 28 preferences
26 and 29 for
26 and 33 of
27 the 28 preferences
29 for 32 death
30 location 32 death
33 of 34 people
34 people 35 with
34 people 47 of
34 people 49 for
35 with 36 dementia
36 dementia 39 as
37 as 38 well
38 well 39 as
39 as 42 and
40 family 41 carers
41 carers 42 and
42 and 46 location
43 healthcare 44 providers
44 providers 45 preferred
45 preferred 46 location
47 of 48 death
49 for 50 patients
50 patients 51 with
51 with 52 dementia

methods and results : studies relying on death certificate data show that patients with dementia die more [commonly] in care homes than other locations contrasting with prospective studies which show that death is more common in own residence and hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 5 studies
4 : 11 show
4 : 22 than
5 studies 6 relying
5 studies 7 on
5 studies 11 show
7 on 10 data
8 death 9 certificate
9 certificate 10 data
11 show 12 that
12 that 13 patients
12 that 16 die
13 patients 14 with
13 patients 16 die
14 with 15 dementia
16 die 17 more
16 die 19 in
19 in 21 homes
20 care 21 homes
22 than 24 locations
22 than 37 own
23 other 24 locations
24 locations 25 contrasting
24 locations 26 with
24 locations 32 death
24 locations 36 in
24 locations 37 own
26 with 28 studies
27 prospective 28 studies
28 studies 29 which
28 studies 30 show
29 which 30 show
30 show 31 that
32 death 33 is
33 is 34 more
33 is 35 common
35 common 36 in
37 own 39 and
38 residence 39 and
39 and 40 hospital

age ( older [ )(, gender [(] [male] ) , availability [of] hospital and nursing home beds and enrolment in hospice [,] influence place of death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 home
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 age 6 gender
1 age 10 ,
2 ( 6 gender
3 older 5 )(,
3 older 6 gender
6 gender 9 )
10 , 13 hospital
10 , 14 and
11 availability 13 hospital
14 and 15 nursing
14 and 16 home
16 home 18 and
17 beds 18 and
18 and 19 enrolment
18 and 25 of
19 enrolment 20 in
20 in 24 place
21 hospice 23 influence
23 influence 24 place
25 of 26 death

there is very limited evidence of patients , family carers and healthcare providers ' views on [preferred] location of death for patients with dementia and the only study included reported that , family carers views are more agreed [to] rather than patients own views regarding place of death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 agreed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 25 and
3 very 4 limited
4 limited 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 of
5 evidence 8 ,
6 of 7 patients
8 , 10 carers
8 , 11 and
9 family 10 carers
11 and 15 views
11 and 18 location
11 and 19 of
11 and 25 and
12 healthcare 13 providers
13 providers 14 '
14 ' 15 views
16 on 18 location
19 of 20 death
20 death 21 for
20 death 23 with
21 for 22 patients
23 with 24 dementia
25 and 28 study
26 the 27 only
26 the 28 study
28 study 29 included
30 reported 31 that
30 reported 32 ,
30 reported 34 carers
30 reported 38 agreed
33 family 34 carers
34 carers 35 views
34 carers 36 are
34 carers 38 agreed
35 views 36 are
36 are 37 more
38 agreed 41 than
40 rather 41 than
41 than 42 patients
42 patients 43 own
42 patients 44 views
42 patients 45 regarding
42 patients 47 of
43 own 44 views
45 regarding 46 place
47 of 48 death

conclusion : this study on place of death raises exploratory questions [on] end - of [-] life care for patients with dementia which has implications on health and social care policies related to dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 on
4 study 7 of
4 study 15 of
5 on 6 place
7 of 9 raises
8 death 9 raises
9 raises 11 questions
9 raises 13 end
10 exploratory 11 questions
11 questions 13 end
14 - 15 of
15 of 28 and
15 of 35 .
17 life 18 care
18 care 19 for
18 care 28 and
19 for 20 patients
20 patients 21 with
21 with 22 dementia
22 dementia 23 which
22 dementia 24 has
23 which 24 has
24 has 25 implications
25 implications 26 on
26 on 27 health
28 and 31 policies
28 and 32 related
29 social 30 care
30 care 31 policies
32 related 33 to
33 to 34 dementia

the hippocampus and thalamus assume a significant role in the overnight consolidation of memories , a process that is negatively impacted by sleep disruption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assume
1 the 2 hippocampus
2 hippocampus 3 and
3 and 4 thalamus
3 and 5 assume
5 assume 8 role
5 assume 9 in
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 role
7 significant 8 role
9 in 12 consolidation
10 the 12 consolidation
11 overnight 12 consolidation
12 consolidation 13 of
13 of 14 memories
14 memories 17 process
15 , 17 process
16 a 17 process
17 process 21 impacted
17 process 25 .
18 that 19 is
19 is 21 impacted
20 negatively 21 impacted
21 impacted 22 by
22 by 24 disruption
23 sleep 24 disruption

emerging evidence suggests that disturbances of sleep in older people may co - occur with underlying neurobiological changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 emerging 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 5 disturbances
4 that 12 co
5 disturbances 6 of
5 disturbances 11 may
6 of 7 sleep
7 sleep 8 in
8 in 10 people
9 older 10 people
11 may 12 co
13 - 14 occur
13 - 19 .
14 occur 15 with
15 with 16 underlying
16 underlying 18 changes
17 neurobiological 18 changes

this study sought to assess glial and neuronal integrity in these regions in relation to subjective sleep disturbance in a healthy older sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 9 integrity
6 glial 7 and
7 and 8 neuronal
7 and 9 integrity
9 integrity 10 in
9 integrity 15 to
10 in 12 regions
11 these 12 regions
13 in 14 relation
14 relation 15 to
15 to 18 disturbance
16 subjective 17 sleep
17 sleep 18 disturbance
18 disturbance 19 in
19 in 23 sample
20 a 21 healthy
20 a 23 sample
21 healthy 23 sample
22 older 23 sample

forty - three healthy older people ( mean age = 70 , [sd] = 5.0 ) were assessed clinically [and] medically and screened for cognitive and depressive symptoms , as well as sleep disturbance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 forty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 6 people
3 three 6 people
4 healthy 6 people
5 older 6 people
6 people 9 age
7 ( 9 age
8 mean 9 age
9 age 11 70
9 age 22 and
9 age 35 .
10 = 11 70
11 70 15 5.0
11 70 22 and
12 , 15 5.0
14 = 15 5.0
15 5.0 16 )
17 were 18 assessed
17 were 22 and
18 assessed 19 clinically
18 assessed 21 medically
22 and 23 screened
22 and 24 for
22 and 30 as
24 for 28 symptoms
25 cognitive 26 and
26 and 27 depressive
26 and 28 symptoms
29 , 30 as
30 as 31 well
30 as 35 .
31 well 32 as
32 as 34 disturbance
33 sleep 34 disturbance

single voxel hippocampal and thalamus metabolite ratios of n - acetyl aspartate ( naa ) and myo - inositol ( mi [ )(with total creatine ( cr + pcr ) were measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 - tesla . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 single
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 single 7 ratios
2 voxel 7 ratios
3 hippocampal 4 and
4 and 5 thalamus
4 and 7 ratios
6 metabolite 7 ratios
7 ratios 8 of
8 of 9 n
10 - 12 aspartate
10 - 16 and
11 acetyl 12 aspartate
12 aspartate 14 naa
13 ( 14 naa
14 naa 15 )
16 and 19 inositol
16 and 32 measured
17 myo 18 -
17 myo 19 inositol
19 inositol 21 mi
19 inositol 31 were
20 ( 21 mi
21 mi 23 )(with
21 mi 28 +
21 mi 30 )
23 )(with 25 creatine
24 total 25 creatine
26 ( 28 +
27 cr 28 +
28 + 29 pcr
28 + 30 )
31 were 32 measured
32 measured 33 using
33 using 36 spectroscopy
33 using 37 at
34 magnetic 35 resonance
35 resonance 36 spectroscopy
37 at 38 3
38 3 40 tesla
39 - 40 tesla
40 tesla 41 .

higher hippocampal mi/cr [+] pcr ratios were significantly correlated with poorer self [-] reported sleep quality ( r = [.] 42 , [p] < . 01 [ )(and less sleep efficiency ( r = - 0.42 , p < [.] 01 ) [as] recorded by the pittsburgh sleep quality index ( buysse , reynolds , monk , berman , [&] kupfer , 1989 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 higher 3 mi/cr
2 hippocampal 3 mi/cr
3 mi/cr 6 ratios
5 pcr 6 ratios
6 ratios 7 were
7 were 8 significantly
7 were 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 15 sleep
11 poorer 12 self
12 self 15 sleep
14 reported 15 sleep
15 sleep 16 quality
15 sleep 24 <
16 quality 19 =
16 quality 24 <
17 ( 19 =
18 r 19 =
19 = 21 42
19 = 22 ,
25 . 26 01
25 . 28 )(and
28 )(and 29 less
28 )(and 31 efficiency
28 )(and 44 recorded
30 sleep 31 efficiency
31 efficiency 35 -
31 efficiency 44 recorded
32 ( 35 -
33 r 34 =
34 = 35 -
35 - 36 0.42
35 - 42 )
36 0.42 39 <
37 , 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 41 01
44 recorded 45 by
44 recorded 56 monk
45 by 50 index
46 the 50 index
47 pittsburgh 48 sleep
48 sleep 49 quality
49 quality 50 index
50 index 52 buysse
50 index 54 reynolds
51 ( 52 buysse
52 buysse 53 ,
53 , 54 reynolds
54 reynolds 55 ,
56 monk 58 berman
56 monk 61 kupfer
57 , 58 berman
58 berman 59 ,
59 , 61 kupfer
61 kupfer 63 1989
61 kupfer 65 .
62 , 63 1989
63 1989 64 )

no other significant correlations were observed within the hippocampus or within the thalamus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 no 2 other
2 other 4 correlations
3 significant 4 correlations
4 correlations 5 were
5 were 6 observed
6 observed 10 or
7 within 9 hippocampus
7 within 10 or
8 the 9 hippocampus
10 or 11 within
11 within 13 thalamus
12 the 13 thalamus

these results indicate that in healthy older people , subjective sleep disturbance may be associated with glial alterations in the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 12 disturbance
4 that 15 associated
5 in 8 people
5 in 9 ,
5 in 12 disturbance
6 healthy 8 people
7 older 8 people
10 subjective 11 sleep
11 sleep 12 disturbance
12 disturbance 13 may
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 19 in
16 with 18 alterations
17 glial 18 alterations
19 in 21 hippocampus
20 the 21 hippocampus

future research is now needed to examine these associations with respect to objective sleep measures and overnight memory consolidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 now
3 is 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 associations
8 these 9 associations
9 associations 10 with
9 associations 12 to
10 with 11 respect
12 to 16 and
13 objective 15 measures
14 sleep 15 measures
15 measures 16 and
16 and 19 consolidation
17 overnight 18 memory
18 memory 19 consolidation

merely observing another person performing an action can make young people later misremember having performed this action themselves ( the observation - inflation effect ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 merely 2 observing
2 observing 4 person
2 observing 8 can
3 another 4 person
4 person 5 performing
5 performing 7 action
6 an 7 action
8 can 9 make
9 make 11 people
9 make 13 misremember
10 young 11 people
12 later 13 misremember
13 misremember 14 having
13 misremember 21 observation
14 having 15 performed
15 performed 17 action
15 performed 18 themselves
16 this 17 action
19 ( 21 observation
20 the 21 observation
21 observation 24 effect
21 observation 25 )
22 - 24 effect
23 inflation 24 effect
24 effect 25 )

we examined this type of memory error in healthy older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 7 error
2 examined 8 in
3 this 4 type
4 type 5 of
4 type 7 error
5 of 7 error
6 memory 7 error
8 in 11 adults
9 healthy 11 adults
10 older 11 adults

overall , both young and older adult groups showed robust observation inflation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 8 groups
3 both 8 groups
4 young 5 and
5 and 6 older
5 and 7 adult
7 adult 8 groups
8 groups 9 showed
9 showed 11 observation
9 showed 12 inflation
10 robust 11 observation

although the number of people committing observation - inflation errors did not differ between age groups , those older adults who were prone to this illusion showed a greater observation - inflation effect compared to the corresponding young . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 errors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 although 5 people
1 although 10 errors
2 the 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 5 people
4 of 5 people
6 committing 7 observation
6 committing 8 -
6 committing 10 errors
9 inflation 10 errors
10 errors 11 did
11 did 12 not
11 did 13 differ
13 differ 14 between
14 between 16 groups
15 age 16 groups
17 , 20 adults
17 , 27 showed
17 , 31 -
18 those 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
20 adults 21 who
20 adults 22 were
20 adults 27 showed
21 who 22 were
22 were 23 prone
23 prone 24 to
24 to 26 illusion
25 this 26 illusion
27 showed 30 observation
28 a 30 observation
29 greater 30 observation
31 - 33 effect
31 - 34 compared
32 inflation 33 effect
33 effect 34 compared
34 compared 35 to
34 compared 38 young
35 to 37 corresponding
36 the 37 corresponding

at the same time , observation also had beneficial effects on subsequent action memory , especially in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 6 observation
2 the 3 same
3 same 4 time
6 observation 8 had
7 also 8 had
8 had 10 effects
8 had 11 on
9 beneficial 10 effects
11 on 14 memory
12 subsequent 13 action
13 action 14 memory
14 memory 17 in
15 , 16 especially
15 , 17 in
17 in 19 adults
17 in 20 .
18 older 19 adults

surprisingly , executive functioning was not correlated with the degree to which older adults made observation - inflation errors , [but] it was related to the degree to which older adults benefited from observation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 functioning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 benefited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 surprisingly 2 ,
1 surprisingly 4 functioning
3 executive 4 functioning
4 functioning 5 was
5 was 6 not
5 was 8 with
6 not 7 correlated
8 with 10 degree
9 the 10 degree
10 degree 11 to
11 to 12 which
11 to 14 adults
11 to 15 made
13 older 14 adults
14 adults 15 made
15 made 16 observation
17 - 18 inflation
18 inflation 19 errors
18 inflation 32 benefited
19 errors 32 benefited
20 , 24 related
22 it 23 was
23 was 24 related
24 related 25 to
24 related 28 to
24 related 32 benefited
25 to 27 degree
26 the 27 degree
28 to 29 which
28 to 31 adults
29 which 31 adults
30 older 31 adults
32 benefited 33 from
33 from 34 observation

we consider accounts of observation inflation based on source monitoring , familiarity misattribution , and motor simulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 15 and
2 consider 3 accounts
2 consider 6 inflation
2 consider 15 and
3 accounts 4 of
4 of 5 observation
6 inflation 7 based
6 inflation 13 misattribution
7 based 8 on
8 on 10 monitoring
9 source 10 monitoring
11 , 13 misattribution
12 familiarity 13 misattribution
13 misattribution 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 motor
15 and 17 simulation

none the authors examined whether older adults ' implicit theories regarding the modifiability of memory in particular ( studies 1 and 3 ) and abilities in general ( study 2 ) would predict memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 none 2 the
1 none 3 authors
1 none 4 examined
2 the 3 authors
4 examined 5 whether
5 whether 24 and
5 whether 33 predict
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 '
8 ' 10 theories
9 implicit 10 theories
10 theories 11 regarding
10 theories 24 and
11 regarding 13 modifiability
12 the 13 modifiability
13 modifiability 14 of
14 of 15 memory
15 memory 17 particular
15 memory 19 studies
16 in 17 particular
18 ( 19 studies
19 studies 21 and
19 studies 23 )
20 1 21 and
21 and 22 3
24 and 25 abilities
24 and 27 general
24 and 29 study
24 and 32 would
26 in 27 general
28 ( 29 study
29 study 30 2
29 study 31 )
32 would 33 predict
33 predict 35 performance
34 memory 35 performance

in study 1 , individual differences in older adults ' endorsement of the " entity theory " ( a belief that one 's ability is fixed ) or " incremental theory " ( a belief that one 's ability is malleable ) [of] memory were measured using a version of the implicit theories measure ( dweck , 1999 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 were
1 in 2 study
2 study 3 1
2 study 4 ,
4 , 6 differences
4 , 28 or
5 individual 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 12 of
7 in 11 endorsement
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 '
10 ' 11 endorsement
12 of 16 theory
13 the 14 "
13 the 16 theory
15 entity 16 theory
16 theory 17 "
16 theory 20 belief
18 ( 20 belief
19 a 20 belief
20 belief 21 that
20 belief 25 is
20 belief 26 fixed
20 belief 27 )
21 that 24 ability
21 that 25 is
22 one 23 's
23 's 24 ability
24 ability 25 is
28 or 29 "
28 or 31 theory
28 or 35 belief
28 or 44 memory
30 incremental 31 theory
31 theory 32 "
33 ( 35 belief
34 a 35 belief
35 belief 36 that
35 belief 42 )
36 that 39 ability
36 that 40 is
37 one 38 's
38 's 39 ability
39 ability 40 is
40 is 41 malleable
44 memory 45 were
45 were 46 measured
46 measured 47 using
47 using 49 version
48 a 49 version
49 version 50 of
50 of 54 measure
51 the 54 measure
52 implicit 53 theories
53 theories 54 measure
54 measure 56 dweck
55 ( 56 dweck
56 dweck 58 1999
56 dweck 60 .
57 , 58 1999
58 1999 59 )

memory performance was assessed with a free - recall task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 memory 2 performance
2 performance 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 with
5 with 10 task
6 a 7 free
6 a 10 task
7 free 8 -
7 free 9 recall
9 recall 10 task

results indicated [that] the higher [the] endorsement of the incremental theory , [the] better the free recall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 12 ,
2 indicated 7 endorsement
2 indicated 12 ,
4 the 7 endorsement
5 higher 7 endorsement
7 endorsement 8 of
8 of 11 theory
9 the 11 theory
10 incremental 11 theory
12 , 14 better
14 better 17 recall
15 the 17 recall
16 free 17 recall

in study 2 , older and younger adults ' theories were measured using a more general version of the implicit theories measure that focused on the modifiability of abilities in general . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 theories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 10 theories
2 study 3 2
5 older 6 and
6 and 7 younger
6 and 8 adults
8 adults 9 '
9 ' 10 theories
10 theories 11 were
11 were 12 measured
12 measured 13 using
13 using 17 version
14 a 17 version
15 more 16 general
16 general 17 version
17 version 18 of
17 version 23 that
17 version 24 focused
18 of 22 measure
19 the 22 measure
20 implicit 21 theories
21 theories 22 measure
23 that 24 focused
24 focused 25 on
24 focused 31 general
25 on 27 modifiability
26 the 27 modifiability
27 modifiability 28 of
28 of 29 abilities
30 in 31 general

again , [for] older adults , the higher [the] incremental endorsement , [the] better the free recall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 better
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 again 2 ,
1 again 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 11 endorsement
5 adults 14 better
6 , 11 endorsement
7 the 11 endorsement
8 higher 11 endorsement
10 incremental 11 endorsement
11 endorsement 12 ,
14 better 17 recall
15 the 17 recall
16 free 17 recall

moreover , as predicted , implicit theories did not predict younger adults ' memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 theories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 7 theories
2 , 3 as
3 as 4 predicted
3 as 5 ,
3 as 7 theories
4 predicted 5 ,
6 implicit 7 theories
7 theories 8 did
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 predict
10 predict 15 performance
11 younger 12 adults
12 adults 13 '
13 ' 15 performance
14 memory 15 performance

in study 3 , participants read mock news articles reporting evidence in favor of either the entity or incremental theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 read
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 participants
2 study 3 3
5 participants 6 read
6 read 9 articles
6 read 20 theory
7 mock 9 articles
8 news 9 articles
9 articles 10 reporting
10 reporting 11 evidence
10 reporting 12 in
12 in 13 favor
13 favor 14 of
14 of 18 or
15 either 18 or
16 the 17 entity
17 entity 18 or
18 or 19 incremental

those in the incremental condition outperformed those in the entity condition [on] reading span and free - recall tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 outperformed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 those 2 in
1 those 6 outperformed
2 in 5 condition
3 the 5 condition
4 incremental 5 condition
6 outperformed 15 and
7 those 8 in
7 those 15 and
8 in 14 span
9 the 14 span
10 entity 14 span
11 condition 13 reading
13 reading 14 span
15 and 19 tasks
16 free 17 -
16 free 19 tasks
18 recall 19 tasks

these effects were mediated by pretask worry such that , for those in the entity condition , higher worry was associated with lower performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 4 mediated
4 mediated 5 by
4 mediated 9 that
5 by 7 worry
6 pretask 7 worry
8 such 9 that
9 that 19 worry
9 that 21 associated
10 , 11 for
11 for 12 those
11 for 17 ,
11 for 19 worry
12 those 13 in
13 in 16 condition
14 the 16 condition
15 entity 16 condition
18 higher 19 worry
19 worry 20 was
20 was 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 performance
23 lower 24 performance

taken together , these studies suggest that variation [in] entity versus incremental endorsement represents a key predictor of older adults ' memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 studies
4 these 5 studies
5 studies 6 suggest
6 suggest 10 entity
6 suggest 14 represents
7 that 10 entity
8 variation 10 entity
10 entity 11 versus
10 entity 14 represents
11 versus 13 endorsement
12 incremental 13 endorsement
14 represents 17 predictor
15 a 17 predictor
16 key 17 predictor
17 predictor 18 of
18 of 23 performance
19 older 20 adults
20 adults 21 '
21 ' 23 performance
22 memory 23 performance

many older adults do not meet physical activity recommendations and suffer from health - related complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
1 many 3 adults
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 10 and
4 do 5 not
4 do 6 meet
4 do 10 and
6 meet 9 recommendations
7 physical 8 activity
8 activity 9 recommendations
10 and 11 suffer
11 suffer 12 from
12 from 13 health
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 complications
15 related 17 .

reinforcement interventions can have pronounced effects on promoting behavior change ; this study evaluated the efficacy of a reinforcement intervention to enhance walking in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reinforcement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pronounced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 reinforcement 2 interventions
1 reinforcement 4 have
1 reinforcement 5 pronounced
2 interventions 3 can
3 can 4 have
5 pronounced 6 effects
5 pronounced 7 on
7 on 8 promoting
8 promoting 10 change
9 behavior 10 change
11 ; 13 study
11 ; 14 evaluated
12 this 13 study
13 study 14 evaluated
14 evaluated 16 efficacy
15 the 16 efficacy
16 efficacy 17 of
16 efficacy 23 walking
17 of 20 intervention
18 a 20 intervention
19 reinforcement 20 intervention
20 intervention 21 to
20 intervention 22 enhance
21 to 22 enhance
23 walking 24 in
23 walking 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

forty - five sedentary adults [with] mild to moderate [hypertension] were randomized to 12 - week interventions consisting of pedometers and guidelines to walk 10,000 [steps/day] or that [same] intervention with chances to win $ 1 - $ 100 prizes for meeting recommendations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 randomized
1 forty 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 5 adults
4 sedentary 5 adults
5 adults 7 mild
5 adults 11 were
7 mild 8 to
7 mild 9 moderate
8 to 9 moderate
11 were 12 randomized
12 randomized 13 to
13 to 14 12
14 12 27 or
15 - 27 or
16 week 17 interventions
17 interventions 18 consisting
17 interventions 21 and
18 consisting 19 of
19 of 20 pedometers
21 and 22 guidelines
21 and 23 to
21 and 27 or
23 to 24 walk
24 walk 25 10,000
27 or 30 intervention
27 or 31 with
27 or 40 prizes
27 or 44 .
28 that 30 intervention
31 with 32 chances
32 chances 33 to
32 chances 34 win
33 to 34 win
34 win 35 $
35 $ 36 1
37 - 40 prizes
38 $ 39 100
38 $ 40 prizes
40 prizes 41 for
40 prizes 44 .
41 for 43 recommendations
42 meeting 43 recommendations

patients walked an average of about 4,000 steps/day at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 walked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 patients 2 walked
2 walked 4 average
2 walked 9 at
3 an 4 average
4 average 5 of
5 of 6 about
6 about 8 steps/day
7 4,000 8 steps/day
9 at 10 baseline

throughout the intervention , participants in the reinforcement intervention met walking goals on 82.5 % ± 25.8 % of days versus 55.3 % ± 37.1 % of days in the control condition , p < [.] 01 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 throughout 3 intervention
1 throughout 4 ,
1 throughout 5 participants
2 the 3 intervention
5 participants 6 in
5 participants 11 walking
5 participants 16 ±
6 in 9 intervention
7 the 9 intervention
8 reinforcement 9 intervention
9 intervention 10 met
11 walking 12 goals
12 goals 13 on
13 on 15 %
14 82.5 15 %
16 ± 18 %
17 25.8 18 %
18 % 19 of
19 of 20 days
20 days 21 versus
20 days 35 <
21 versus 24 ±
22 55.3 23 %
23 % 24 ±
24 ± 26 %
24 ± 32 condition
25 37.1 26 %
26 % 27 of
26 % 32 condition
27 of 28 days
28 days 29 in
29 in 31 control
30 the 31 control
33 , 35 <
34 p 35 <
35 < 37 01

even though steps walked increased significantly in both groups relative to baseline , participants in the reinforcement condition walked an average of about 2,000 more [steps/day] than participants in the control condition , p < [.] 02 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 even 2 though
1 even 9 groups
2 though 3 steps
2 though 5 increased
3 steps 4 walked
3 steps 5 increased
5 increased 6 significantly
5 increased 7 in
7 in 8 both
9 groups 10 relative
10 relative 11 to
11 to 12 baseline
13 , 14 participants
13 , 19 walked
14 participants 15 in
14 participants 19 walked
15 in 18 condition
16 the 18 condition
17 reinforcement 18 condition
19 walked 21 average
19 walked 27 than
20 an 21 average
21 average 22 of
22 of 23 about
23 about 25 more
24 2,000 25 more
27 than 28 participants
27 than 29 in
29 in 32 condition
30 the 32 condition
31 control 32 condition
32 condition 35 <
33 , 35 <
34 p 35 <
35 < 37 02

beneficial effects of the reinforcement condition relative to the control condition persisted at a 24 [-] week [follow] - up evaluation , p < [.] 02 , [although] [steps/day] [were] [lower] than during the intervention period in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 persisted
1 beneficial 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 12 persisted
3 of 6 condition
4 the 6 condition
5 reinforcement 6 condition
6 condition 7 relative
7 relative 8 to
8 to 11 condition
9 the 11 condition
10 control 11 condition
12 persisted 13 at
12 persisted 20 up
12 persisted 24 <
13 at 17 week
14 a 17 week
15 24 17 week
19 - 20 up
20 up 21 evaluation
20 up 22 ,
22 , 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 26 02
26 02 33 during
27 , 32 than
27 , 33 during
33 during 36 period
33 during 40 .
34 the 36 period
35 intervention 36 period
36 period 37 in
37 in 39 groups
38 both 39 groups

participants in the reinforcement intervention also evidenced greater reductions in blood pressure and weight over time and improvements in fitness indices , ps < . 05 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evidenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 participants 2 in
1 participants 7 evidenced
2 in 5 intervention
3 the 5 intervention
4 reinforcement 5 intervention
6 also 7 evidenced
7 evidenced 9 reductions
7 evidenced 10 in
7 evidenced 15 over
7 evidenced 19 in
8 greater 9 reductions
10 in 13 and
11 blood 12 pressure
12 pressure 13 and
13 and 14 weight
15 over 17 and
16 time 17 and
17 and 18 improvements
19 in 21 indices
20 fitness 21 indices
22 , 23 ps
22 , 24 <
23 ps 24 <
25 . 26 05
25 . 27 .

this reinforcement [-] based intervention substantially increased walking and improved clinical parameters , suggesting that larger - scale evaluations of reinforcement - based interventions for enhancing active lifestyles in older adults are warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reinforcement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 reinforcement
2 reinforcement 4 based
4 based 19 evaluations
5 intervention 7 increased
5 intervention 8 walking
5 intervention 9 and
6 substantially 7 increased
9 and 12 parameters
9 and 13 ,
9 and 14 suggesting
9 and 19 evaluations
10 improved 12 parameters
11 clinical 12 parameters
14 suggesting 15 that
16 larger 17 -
16 larger 19 evaluations
18 scale 19 evaluations
19 evaluations 20 of
20 of 21 reinforcement
22 - 24 interventions
22 - 33 warranted
23 based 24 interventions
24 interventions 25 for
24 interventions 32 are
25 for 26 enhancing
26 enhancing 28 lifestyles
26 enhancing 29 in
27 active 28 lifestyles
29 in 31 adults
30 older 31 adults
32 are 33 warranted

ultimately , economic analyses may reveal reinforcement interventions to be cost - effective , especially [in] high - risk populations of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 ultimately 2 ,
1 ultimately 4 analyses
3 economic 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 may
5 may 6 reveal
6 reveal 8 interventions
6 reveal 9 to
7 reinforcement 8 interventions
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 cost
12 - 19 risk
12 - 24 .
13 effective 17 high
13 effective 18 -
13 effective 19 risk
14 , 17 high
15 especially 17 high
17 high 18 -
19 risk 20 populations
20 populations 21 of
21 of 23 adults
22 older 23 adults

recent studies have provided considerable evidence on long - term effects of self [-] perceptions of aging ( spa ) on indicators of successful aging such as health or life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 provided
4 provided 6 evidence
4 provided 7 on
4 provided 21 on
5 considerable 6 evidence
7 on 11 effects
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 term
10 term 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
11 effects 16 of
11 effects 19 spa
12 of 15 perceptions
13 self 15 perceptions
16 of 17 aging
18 ( 19 spa
19 spa 20 )
21 on 29 or
22 indicators 23 of
22 indicators 29 or
23 of 25 aging
24 successful 25 aging
25 aging 27 as
26 such 27 as
27 as 28 health
29 or 31 satisfaction
30 life 31 satisfaction

to date , little is known about the mechanisms underlying these effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 4 little
3 , 6 known
4 little 5 is
5 is 6 known
6 known 7 about
7 about 9 mechanisms
8 the 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 underlying
10 underlying 12 effects
11 these 12 effects

this study therefore examined whether negative spa impair the use of self [-] regulation strategies that include selection , optimization , and compensation ( soc ) in case of a serious health event and thus turn into self [-] fulfilling prophecies for health and life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 4 examined
3 therefore 4 examined
4 examined 5 whether
5 whether 7 spa
5 whether 8 impair
6 negative 7 spa
7 spa 8 impair
8 impair 34 and
8 impair 37 into
8 impair 42 for
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
10 use 34 and
11 of 15 strategies
12 self 15 strategies
14 regulation 15 strategies
15 strategies 16 that
15 strategies 17 include
16 that 17 include
17 include 22 and
17 include 29 of
18 selection 19 ,
19 , 20 optimization
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 compensation
22 and 25 soc
24 ( 25 soc
25 soc 26 )
27 in 28 case
28 case 29 of
29 of 33 event
30 a 31 serious
30 a 33 event
31 serious 32 health
32 health 33 event
34 and 35 thus
34 and 36 turn
37 into 41 prophecies
38 self 41 prophecies
40 fulfilling 41 prophecies
42 for 44 and
43 health 44 and
44 and 46 satisfaction
45 life 46 satisfaction

second , this effect was moderated by negative spa , that is , in case of a serious health event , the perception that aging is associated with physical losses led to lower use of soc strategies promoting a healthy lifestyle ( b = - 0.43 , se = 0.15 , p < [.] 01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 moderated
1 second 2 ,
1 second 4 effect
3 this 4 effect
4 effect 5 was
5 was 6 moderated
6 moderated 7 by
6 moderated 12 is
6 moderated 16 of
7 by 9 spa
8 negative 9 spa
10 , 12 is
11 that 12 is
12 is 13 ,
13 , 16 of
14 in 15 case
15 case 16 of
16 of 20 event
16 of 57 .
17 a 20 event
18 serious 19 health
19 health 20 event
20 event 23 perception
21 , 23 perception
22 the 23 perception
23 perception 24 that
23 perception 56 )
24 that 25 aging
24 that 27 associated
25 aging 26 is
26 is 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
27 associated 53 <
28 with 30 losses
28 with 50 0.15
29 physical 30 losses
30 losses 31 led
30 losses 32 to
30 losses 35 of
32 to 34 use
33 lower 34 use
35 of 37 strategies
36 soc 37 strategies
37 strategies 38 promoting
37 strategies 48 se
37 strategies 49 =
38 promoting 41 lifestyle
38 promoting 45 -
39 a 40 healthy
39 a 41 lifestyle
40 healthy 41 lifestyle
42 ( 45 -
43 b 44 =
44 = 45 -
45 - 46 0.43
45 - 47 ,
48 se 49 =
51 , 53 <
52 p 53 <
53 < 55 01

these findings contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of spa on health by showing that negative spa as associated [with] physical losses might impair health - related strategies that are important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 contribute
3 contribute 4 to
3 contribute 11 mechanisms
4 to 7 understanding
5 a 7 understanding
6 better 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 10 underlying
9 the 10 underlying
11 mechanisms 12 of
11 mechanisms 16 by
12 of 13 spa
13 spa 14 on
14 on 15 health
16 by 20 spa
17 showing 20 spa
18 that 19 negative
19 negative 20 spa
20 spa 25 losses
20 spa 27 impair
21 as 22 associated
22 associated 25 losses
24 physical 25 losses
25 losses 26 might
26 might 27 impair
27 impair 28 health
29 - 30 related
30 related 31 strategies
31 strategies 32 that
31 strategies 33 are
31 strategies 35 for
32 that 33 are
33 are 34 important
35 for 36 maintaining
36 maintaining 39 lifestyle
37 a 39 lifestyle
38 healthy 39 lifestyle

future intervention studies could attempt to challenge negative spa to support effective strategy use in older adults with serious illnesses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 attempt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 future 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 studies
3 studies 4 could
4 could 5 attempt
5 attempt 6 to
5 attempt 7 challenge
6 to 7 challenge
7 challenge 9 spa
7 challenge 10 to
7 challenge 11 support
8 negative 9 spa
10 to 11 support
11 support 14 use
12 effective 13 strategy
13 strategy 14 use
14 use 15 in
14 use 18 with
15 in 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 with 20 illnesses
19 serious 20 illnesses

older adults typically display various associative memory deficits , but these deficits can be reduced when conditions allow for the use of prior knowledge or schematic support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 display
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 4 display
3 typically 4 display
4 display 8 deficits
5 various 7 memory
6 associative 7 memory
7 memory 8 deficits
9 , 10 but
10 but 12 deficits
10 but 15 reduced
11 these 12 deficits
12 deficits 13 can
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 reduced
15 reduced 16 when
16 when 17 conditions
16 when 19 for
17 conditions 19 for
18 allow 19 for
19 for 25 or
20 the 21 use
21 use 22 of
21 use 25 or
22 of 24 knowledge
23 prior 24 knowledge
25 or 27 support
26 schematic 27 support

to determine how era [-] specific schematic support and future simulation might influence associative memory , we examined how younger and older adults remember prices from the past as well as the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 2 determine
2 determine 3 how
3 how 9 and
3 how 13 influence
4 era 8 support
6 specific 8 support
7 schematic 8 support
8 support 9 and
9 and 11 simulation
9 and 12 might
10 future 11 simulation
12 might 13 influence
13 influence 15 memory
14 associative 15 memory
16 , 17 we
16 , 18 examined
17 we 18 examined
18 examined 19 how
18 examined 31 as
19 how 23 adults
19 how 24 remember
20 younger 21 and
21 and 22 older
21 and 23 adults
23 adults 24 remember
24 remember 25 prices
25 prices 26 from
26 from 28 past
27 the 28 past
29 as 30 well
30 well 31 as
31 as 33 future
32 the 33 future

younger and older adults were asked to imagine the past or future , and then studied items and prices from approximately 40 years ago ( market value prices from the 1970s ) or 40 years in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 younger 2 and
2 and 3 older
2 and 4 adults
4 adults 14 and
4 adults 18 and
5 were 6 asked
5 were 14 and
6 asked 7 to
6 asked 8 imagine
7 to 8 imagine
8 imagine 11 or
9 the 10 past
10 past 11 or
11 or 12 future
11 or 13 ,
14 and 16 studied
15 then 16 studied
16 studied 17 items
18 and 19 prices
18 and 20 from
18 and 33 or
20 from 22 40
21 approximately 22 40
22 40 24 ago
22 40 28 prices
23 years 24 ago
25 ( 28 prices
26 market 28 prices
27 value 28 prices
28 prices 29 from
28 prices 32 )
29 from 31 1970s
30 the 31 1970s
33 or 35 years
33 or 36 in
34 40 35 years
36 in 38 future
37 the 38 future

after studying the pairs , participants were shown each item and asked to recall the associated price . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 after 2 studying
1 after 5 ,
1 after 6 participants
2 studying 4 pairs
3 the 4 pairs
6 participants 11 and
7 were 8 shown
7 were 11 and
8 shown 10 item
9 each 10 item
11 and 12 asked
12 asked 13 to
12 asked 14 recall
13 to 14 recall
14 recall 17 price
15 the 17 price
16 associated 17 price

in both experiments , older adults showed similar performance as younger adults in the past condition for the common items , whereas age - related differences were greater in the future condition and for the era - specific items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
1 in 3 experiments
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 adults
2 both 3 experiments
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 showed
7 showed 9 performance
7 showed 16 condition
7 showed 17 for
8 similar 9 performance
9 performance 10 as
9 performance 13 in
10 as 12 adults
11 younger 12 adults
13 in 15 past
14 the 15 past
17 for 20 items
18 the 20 items
19 common 20 items
21 , 26 differences
21 , 27 were
21 , 37 -
22 whereas 23 age
22 whereas 24 -
22 whereas 26 differences
25 related 26 differences
26 differences 27 were
27 were 28 greater
28 greater 33 and
29 in 32 condition
29 in 33 and
30 the 32 condition
31 future 32 condition
33 and 34 for
34 for 36 era
35 the 36 era
37 - 39 items
37 - 40 .
38 specific 39 items

the findings suggest that in order for schematic support to be effective , recent ( and not simply remote ) experience is needed in order to enhance memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 21 experience
4 that 27 enhance
5 in 6 order
5 in 20 )
5 in 21 experience
6 order 7 for
6 order 10 to
6 order 11 be
6 order 16 and
7 for 9 support
8 schematic 9 support
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 effective
13 , 16 and
14 recent 16 and
15 ( 16 and
16 and 17 not
16 and 19 remote
16 and 20 )
18 simply 19 remote
21 experience 22 is
22 is 23 needed
23 needed 24 in
23 needed 26 to
24 in 25 order
26 to 27 enhance
27 enhance 28 memory

thus , whereas older adults can benefit from " turning back the clock , " younger adults better remember future - oriented information compared with older adults , outlining age - related similarities and differences in associative memory and the efficient use of past [and] future - based schematic support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 remember
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 17 adults
2 , 3 whereas
3 whereas 5 adults
3 whereas 7 benefit
3 whereas 14 ,
3 whereas 17 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 can
6 can 7 benefit
7 benefit 8 from
7 benefit 13 clock
8 from 9 "
8 from 10 turning
10 turning 11 back
12 the 13 clock
14 , 15 "
16 younger 17 adults
17 adults 19 remember
18 better 19 remember
19 remember 23 information
19 remember 29 outlining
20 future 21 -
20 future 23 information
22 oriented 23 information
23 information 24 compared
24 compared 25 with
25 with 27 adults
26 older 27 adults
28 , 29 outlining
29 outlining 30 age
29 outlining 31 -
31 - 32 related
32 related 34 and
32 related 36 in
33 similarities 34 and
34 and 35 differences
36 in 39 and
37 associative 38 memory
38 memory 39 and
39 and 42 use
39 and 43 of
40 the 42 use
41 efficient 42 use
43 of 50 support
44 past 50 support
46 future 47 -
46 future 50 support
48 based 50 support
49 schematic 50 support

understanding students ' beliefs and perceptions of sex/sexuality in later life can reduce [and] [prevent] ageist myths and stereotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 understanding 2 students
2 students 3 '
3 ' 4 beliefs
4 beliefs 5 and
5 and 6 perceptions
5 and 7 of
7 of 8 sex/sexuality
8 sex/sexuality 9 in
9 in 11 life
10 later 11 life
11 life 18 and
12 can 13 reduce
12 can 18 and
13 reduce 17 myths
16 ageist 17 myths
18 and 19 stereotypes

the objective of this study was to gauge undergraduate students ' knowledge of several myths , stereotypes , and facts regarding sex/sexuality in later life , including lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgendered ( lgbt ) older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 21 regarding
7 to 12 knowledge
8 gauge 10 students
9 undergraduate 10 students
10 students 11 '
11 ' 12 knowledge
12 knowledge 13 of
13 of 19 and
14 several 15 myths
15 myths 16 ,
16 , 17 stereotypes
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 facts
21 regarding 22 sex/sexuality
21 regarding 23 in
23 in 34 and
24 later 25 life
25 life 26 ,
26 , 28 lesbian
26 , 29 ,
27 including 28 lesbian
29 , 32 bisexual
29 , 34 and
30 gay 31 ,
30 gay 32 bisexual
33 , 34 and
34 and 40 adults
35 transgendered 37 lgbt
35 transgendered 40 adults
36 ( 37 lgbt
37 lgbt 38 )
39 older 40 adults

more than 85 % of students held a positive view of sex/sexuality in later life with 65 % believing that they would engage in sexual activity past age 80 ( n=125 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 held
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 more 2 than
2 than 3 85
3 85 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 7 held
5 of 6 students
7 held 10 view
7 held 13 in
8 a 10 view
9 positive 10 view
10 view 11 of
11 of 12 sex/sexuality
13 in 15 life
14 later 15 life
15 life 16 with
15 life 20 that
15 life 23 engage
15 life 31 n=125
16 with 18 %
17 65 18 %
18 % 19 believing
20 that 21 they
20 that 23 engage
21 they 22 would
22 would 23 engage
23 engage 24 in
23 engage 27 past
24 in 26 activity
25 sexual 26 activity
27 past 28 age
28 age 29 80
30 ( 31 n=125
31 n=125 32 )

correct responses to true/false questions were higher for those with a positive perspective on aging , and recognizing that sexual behavior does not cease to be important with aging was the strongest predictor of holding a positive view on sexuality in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 correct 6 were
2 responses 3 to
2 responses 6 were
3 to 5 questions
4 true/false 5 questions
6 were 7 higher
7 higher 8 for
7 higher 10 with
7 higher 14 on
8 for 9 those
10 with 13 perspective
11 a 13 perspective
12 positive 13 perspective
14 on 15 aging
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 recognizing
17 and 30 was
18 recognizing 19 that
18 recognizing 30 was
19 that 21 behavior
19 that 24 cease
20 sexual 21 behavior
21 behavior 22 does
22 does 23 not
22 does 24 cease
24 cease 25 to
24 cease 26 be
25 to 26 be
26 be 27 important
27 important 28 with
28 with 29 aging
30 was 33 predictor
31 the 32 strongest
31 the 33 predictor
33 predictor 34 of
34 of 35 holding
35 holding 38 view
35 holding 41 in
36 a 37 positive
36 a 38 view
37 positive 38 view
38 view 39 on
39 on 40 sexuality
41 in 43 life
42 later 43 life

no significant differences were observed from responses regarding lgbt older adults or constraints to sexuality in long term care facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 were
4 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 from
5 observed 14 to
6 from 12 or
7 responses 8 regarding
7 responses 12 or
8 regarding 11 adults
9 lgbt 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
12 or 13 constraints
14 to 15 sexuality
15 sexuality 16 in
16 in 20 facilities
17 long 18 term
18 term 19 care
19 care 20 facilities

the positive perceptions among students in the current study suggest an increased acceptance of sexuality and diversity that should be maintained in university curricula . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 perceptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 perceptions
2 positive 3 perceptions
3 perceptions 4 among
3 perceptions 10 suggest
4 among 5 students
5 students 6 in
6 in 9 study
7 the 9 study
8 current 9 study
10 suggest 13 acceptance
10 suggest 22 in
11 an 13 acceptance
12 increased 13 acceptance
13 acceptance 14 of
13 acceptance 18 that
13 acceptance 19 should
14 of 16 and
15 sexuality 16 and
16 and 17 diversity
18 that 19 should
19 should 20 be
20 be 21 maintained
22 in 24 curricula
23 university 24 curricula

aim : although the guaranteed superannuation system is believed by many to provide a safe and adequate source of funds in retirement , some will be unpleasantly surprised . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 24 some
2 : 26 be
3 although 7 system
3 although 9 believed
3 although 23 ,
3 although 24 some
4 the 7 system
5 guaranteed 6 superannuation
6 superannuation 7 system
7 system 8 is
8 is 9 believed
9 believed 10 by
9 believed 12 to
9 believed 13 provide
10 by 11 many
12 to 13 provide
13 provide 18 source
13 provide 21 in
14 a 18 source
15 safe 16 and
16 and 17 adequate
16 and 18 source
18 source 19 of
19 of 20 funds
21 in 22 retirement
24 some 25 will
25 will 26 be
26 be 27 unpleasantly
26 be 28 surprised

the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significant effect of the economic cycle on the final accumulated balance in superannuation retirement accounts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 paper
4 this 5 paper
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 demonstrate
7 to 8 demonstrate
8 demonstrate 11 effect
8 demonstrate 19 accumulated
9 the 11 effect
10 significant 11 effect
11 effect 12 of
11 effect 19 accumulated
12 of 15 cycle
13 the 15 cycle
14 economic 15 cycle
15 cycle 16 on
16 on 18 final
17 the 18 final
19 accumulated 20 balance
19 accumulated 21 in
21 in 24 accounts
22 superannuation 24 accounts
23 retirement 24 accounts

method : a monte carlo simulation is used to illustrate the variance in outcomes that can be expected for a hypothetical individual . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 simulation
2 : 8 used
2 : 23 .
3 a 6 simulation
4 monte 5 carlo
5 carlo 6 simulation
6 simulation 7 is
7 is 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 illustrate
9 to 10 illustrate
10 illustrate 12 variance
10 illustrate 13 in
11 the 12 variance
13 in 14 outcomes
14 outcomes 15 that
14 outcomes 16 can
15 that 16 can
16 can 17 be
17 be 18 expected
18 expected 19 for
19 for 22 individual
20 a 21 hypothetical
20 a 22 individual
21 hypothetical 22 individual

results : the expected accumulated superannuation balances for two hypothetical individuals are estimated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 balances
2 : 13 estimated
2 : 14 .
3 the 7 balances
4 expected 6 superannuation
5 accumulated 6 superannuation
6 superannuation 7 balances
7 balances 8 for
7 balances 12 are
8 for 11 individuals
9 two 11 individuals
10 hypothetical 11 individuals
12 are 13 estimated

the spread of outcomes is used to illustrate the problem of using only the mean of the distribution as a predictor of wealth in the retirement years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 spread
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 spread
2 spread 3 of
2 spread 5 is
3 of 4 outcomes
5 is 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 illustrate
7 to 8 illustrate
8 illustrate 10 problem
9 the 10 problem
10 problem 11 of
11 of 12 using
12 using 13 only
12 using 15 mean
12 using 19 as
12 using 24 in
14 the 15 mean
15 mean 16 of
16 of 18 distribution
17 the 18 distribution
19 as 21 predictor
20 a 21 predictor
21 predictor 22 of
22 of 23 wealth
24 in 27 years
25 the 27 years
26 retirement 27 years

conclusions : many retirees rely on superannuation to fund their retirement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 retirees
2 : 5 rely
2 : 12 .
3 many 4 retirees
4 retirees 5 rely
5 rely 6 on
5 rely 8 to
6 on 7 superannuation
8 to 9 fund
9 fund 11 retirement
10 their 11 retirement

however regular contributions [to] superannuation does not ensure a predictable outcome , and active management of contributions is required if retirement goals are to be met . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 superannuation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ensure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 5 superannuation
2 regular 3 contributions
3 contributions 5 superannuation
5 superannuation 6 does
6 does 7 not
6 does 8 ensure
8 ensure 11 outcome
9 a 11 outcome
10 predictable 11 outcome
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 management
13 and 19 required
14 active 15 management
15 management 16 of
15 management 18 is
16 of 17 contributions
18 is 19 required
19 required 20 if
19 required 24 to
19 required 25 be
20 if 22 goals
20 if 23 are
21 retirement 22 goals
22 goals 23 are
24 to 25 be
25 be 26 met

the aim was to investigate the influence of various biological factors upon the outcome of intrauterine insemination ( iui ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 7 influence
5 investigate 12 upon
6 the 7 influence
7 influence 8 of
8 of 11 factors
9 various 11 factors
10 biological 11 factors
12 upon 14 outcome
13 the 14 outcome
14 outcome 15 of
15 of 17 insemination
16 intrauterine 17 insemination
17 insemination 19 iui
18 ( 19 iui
19 iui 20 )

the total iui history ( 856 cycles ) [of] [352] couples was studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 total
2 total 4 history
2 total 11 couples
2 total 12 was
3 iui 4 history
4 history 7 cycles
4 history 11 couples
5 ( 7 cycles
6 856 7 cycles
7 cycles 8 )
12 was 13 studied

live - birth showed a strong negative correlation with female age but no correlation with male age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 birth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 live 2 -
1 live 3 birth
3 birth 4 showed
4 showed 8 correlation
4 showed 9 with
4 showed 12 but
5 a 6 strong
5 a 8 correlation
6 strong 7 negative
7 negative 8 correlation
9 with 11 age
10 female 11 age
12 but 14 correlation
13 no 14 correlation
14 correlation 15 with
15 with 17 age
16 male 17 age

antimüllerian [hormone] ( amh ) and antral follicle count ( afc ) correlated negatively with female age , and follicle stimulating hormone ( fsh ) correlated positively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 antimüllerian 4 amh
3 ( 4 amh
4 amh 5 )
4 amh 6 and
6 and 9 count
6 and 11 afc
6 and 13 correlated
7 antral 9 count
8 follicle 9 count
10 ( 11 afc
11 afc 12 )
13 correlated 14 negatively
13 correlated 15 with
15 with 19 and
15 with 26 correlated
16 female 17 age
17 age 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 hormone
19 and 24 fsh
20 follicle 22 hormone
21 stimulating 22 hormone
23 ( 24 fsh
24 fsh 25 )
26 correlated 27 positively

significant thresholds were found for all three variables , and also for total motile [count] ( tmc ) in the prepared sperm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thresholds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 significant 2 thresholds
2 thresholds 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 10 and
4 found 19 in
5 for 8 variables
5 for 10 and
6 all 7 three
7 three 8 variables
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 also
10 and 12 for
12 for 14 motile
13 total 14 motile
14 motile 17 tmc
16 ( 17 tmc
17 tmc 18 )
19 in 22 sperm
20 the 22 sperm
21 prepared 22 sperm

calculating pregnancy losses per positive pregnancy showed a strong correlation with increasing female age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 losses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 calculating 2 pregnancy
2 pregnancy 3 losses
3 losses 4 per
3 losses 7 showed
4 per 6 pregnancy
5 positive 6 pregnancy
7 showed 10 correlation
7 showed 11 with
8 a 9 strong
8 a 10 correlation
9 strong 10 correlation
11 with 12 increasing
12 increasing 14 age
13 female 14 age

this was highly significant for biochemical losses but not for fetal heart miscarriages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 4 significant
3 highly 4 significant
4 significant 8 but
5 for 7 losses
5 for 8 but
6 biochemical 7 losses
8 but 9 not
8 but 10 for
10 for 13 miscarriages
11 fetal 12 heart
12 heart 13 miscarriages

male age had no effect on rate [of] pregnancy loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 male 2 age
2 age 3 had
3 had 5 effect
3 had 6 on
4 no 5 effect
6 on 10 loss
7 rate 10 loss
9 pregnancy 10 loss

in conclusion , female age , fsh , amh and tmc are good predictive [factors] for live - birth and therefore [relate] [to] essential in vivo steps in the reproductive process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 10 and
1 in 12 are
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 5 age
3 , 6 ,
4 female 5 age
6 , 7 fsh
6 , 8 ,
8 , 9 amh
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 tmc
12 are 27 steps
13 good 27 steps
14 predictive 16 for
14 predictive 20 and
16 for 19 birth
17 live 18 -
17 live 19 birth
20 and 21 therefore
20 and 24 essential
20 and 27 steps
24 essential 26 vivo
25 in 26 vivo
27 steps 28 in
28 in 31 process
29 the 31 process
30 reproductive 31 process

the immune system undergoes a complex and continuous remodeling with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 undergoes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 system
2 immune 3 system
3 system 4 undergoes
4 undergoes 7 and
4 undergoes 10 with
5 a 6 complex
6 complex 7 and
7 and 9 remodeling
8 continuous 9 remodeling
10 with 11 aging

immunosenescence results into both quantitative and qualitative changes of specific cellular subpopulations that have major impact on allorecognition and alloresponse , and [consequently] on graft rejection and tolerance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 immunosenescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 immunosenescence 2 results
2 results 3 into
2 results 22 and
3 into 8 changes
4 both 8 changes
5 quantitative 6 and
6 and 7 qualitative
6 and 8 changes
8 changes 9 of
9 of 12 subpopulations
10 specific 12 subpopulations
11 cellular 12 subpopulations
12 subpopulations 13 that
12 subpopulations 14 have
13 that 14 have
14 have 16 impact
15 major 16 impact
17 on 19 and
17 on 22 and
18 allorecognition 19 and
19 and 20 alloresponse
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 on
24 on 27 and
25 graft 26 rejection
26 rejection 27 and
27 and 28 tolerance

here , we are going to review the immunological changes associated with the aging process relevant for transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 are
4 are 5 going
5 going 6 to
5 going 12 with
6 to 7 review
7 review 10 changes
8 the 10 changes
9 immunological 10 changes
10 changes 11 associated
12 with 15 process
12 with 16 relevant
13 the 15 process
14 aging 15 process
16 relevant 17 for
17 for 18 transplantation

interventions to selectively target changes associated with the senescence process [seem] promising therapeutic strategies to improve transplantation [outcome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 interventions 2 to
1 interventions 4 target
1 interventions 6 associated
2 to 4 target
3 selectively 4 target
4 target 5 changes
6 associated 7 with
7 with 10 process
8 the 10 process
9 senescence 10 process
10 process 12 promising
12 promising 14 strategies
12 promising 15 to
12 promising 16 improve
13 therapeutic 14 strategies
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 17 transplantation

the transcription factor activator protein - 1 ( ap - 1 ) participates in many aspects of cell physiology , such as cellular [proliferation] , transformation , and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 participates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 5 protein
2 transcription 5 protein
3 factor 5 protein
4 activator 5 protein
5 protein 7 1
5 protein 11 1
5 protein 13 participates
6 - 7 1
7 1 9 ap
7 1 10 -
8 ( 9 ap
9 ap 10 -
10 - 11 1
11 1 12 )
13 participates 14 in
14 in 28 and
15 many 16 aspects
16 aspects 17 of
16 aspects 28 and
17 of 19 physiology
18 cell 19 physiology
19 physiology 22 as
20 , 22 as
21 such 22 as
22 as 26 transformation
22 as 27 ,
23 cellular 25 ,
23 cellular 26 transformation
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 death

ap - 1 is a dimeric complex that primarily contains [jun] [and] fos family members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 ap 2 -
1 ap 3 1
3 1 4 is
4 is 7 complex
5 a 6 dimeric
5 a 7 complex
6 dimeric 7 complex
7 complex 8 that
7 complex 10 contains
8 that 10 contains
9 primarily 10 contains
10 contains 15 members
13 fos 15 members
14 family 15 members

here , we report that jun is a target of heat shock transcription factor hsf1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 5 that
5 that 6 jun
5 that 7 is
6 jun 7 is
7 is 9 target
8 a 9 target
9 target 10 of
10 of 15 hsf1
11 heat 12 shock
12 shock 14 factor
13 transcription 14 factor
14 factor 15 hsf1

hsf1 is the master regulator of genes encoding [molecular] chaperones , and is involved in cellular processes such as the stress response , cell differentiation , aging and carcinogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hsf1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 hsf1 2 is
2 is 5 regulator
2 is 6 of
3 the 5 regulator
4 master 5 regulator
6 of 7 genes
7 genes 8 encoding
7 genes 12 and
8 encoding 12 and
10 chaperones 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 is
12 and 15 in
13 is 14 involved
15 in 17 processes
16 cellular 17 processes
17 processes 19 as
18 such 19 as
19 as 28 and
20 the 22 response
21 stress 22 response
22 response 23 ,
23 , 25 differentiation
23 , 26 ,
24 cell 25 differentiation
26 , 27 aging
26 , 28 and
28 and 29 carcinogenesis

in hela cells , jun transcription was rapidly induced by heat treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 transcription
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 3 cells
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 transcription
2 hela 3 cells
5 jun 6 transcription
6 transcription 7 was
7 was 8 rapidly
7 was 9 induced
9 induced 10 by
10 by 12 treatment
11 heat 12 treatment

we found that hsf1 bound to the jun promoter and was necessary for its efficient response to heat shock . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 hsf1
3 that 10 and
4 hsf1 10 and
5 bound 6 to
5 bound 10 and
6 to 9 promoter
7 the 9 promoter
8 jun 9 promoter
10 and 11 was
11 was 12 necessary
12 necessary 13 for
12 necessary 17 to
13 for 16 response
14 its 16 response
15 efficient 16 response
17 to 18 heat
18 heat 19 shock

in heat - shocked cells , [c] - [jun] - mediated gene expression was induced slowly following accumulation of [c] [-] [jun] protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 in 2 heat
3 - 5 cells
3 - 6 ,
3 - 24 .
4 shocked 5 cells
6 , 8 -
6 , 14 was
8 - 10 -
10 - 13 expression
11 mediated 12 gene
12 gene 13 expression
13 expression 14 was
14 was 18 accumulation
15 induced 18 accumulation
16 slowly 17 following
17 following 18 accumulation
18 accumulation 19 of
19 of 23 protein

forced expression of active hsf1 in cells resulted in an increase in [c] [-] [jun] expression and activation of [c] [-] [jun] target genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 forced 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 8 resulted
3 of 5 hsf1
4 active 5 hsf1
5 hsf1 6 in
6 in 7 cells
8 resulted 9 in
8 resulted 12 in
9 in 11 increase
10 an 11 increase
12 in 17 and
16 expression 17 and
17 and 18 activation
17 and 19 of
19 of 24 genes
23 target 24 genes

these results show that hsf1 regulates jun expression , thereby modulating ap - 1 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 hsf1
4 that 6 regulates
5 hsf1 6 regulates
6 regulates 8 expression
7 jun 8 expression
8 expression 11 modulating
9 , 11 modulating
10 thereby 11 modulating
11 modulating 12 ap
11 modulating 13 -
13 - 15 activity
14 1 15 activity

aim : the goal of this study was to determine if long - term testosterone ( t ) therapy in men with hypogonadism , henceforth referred to as testosterone deficiency ( td ) , ameliorates or improves metabolic [syndrome] ( mets ) components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 determine
1 aim 2 :
2 : 4 goal
3 the 4 goal
4 goal 5 of
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 11 if
10 determine 44 .
11 if 19 therapy
11 if 36 or
12 long 15 testosterone
12 long 18 )
12 long 19 therapy
13 - 15 testosterone
14 term 15 testosterone
15 testosterone 17 t
15 testosterone 18 )
16 ( 17 t
17 t 18 )
19 therapy 20 in
19 therapy 36 or
20 in 21 men
21 men 22 with
21 men 27 to
22 with 23 hypogonadism
24 , 27 to
25 henceforth 27 to
26 referred 27 to
27 to 28 as
27 to 34 ,
28 as 30 deficiency
29 testosterone 30 deficiency
30 deficiency 32 td
31 ( 32 td
32 td 33 )
35 ameliorates 36 or
36 or 37 improves
36 or 43 components
38 metabolic 41 mets
38 metabolic 43 components
40 ( 41 mets
41 mets 42 )

all men received treatment with parenteral [t] undecanoate 1000 [mg] ( nebido [(] [®] ) , bayer pharma , berlin , germany ) , administered at baseline and 6 weeks and thereafter every 12 weeks for up to 60 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 all 2 men
2 men 24 ,
3 received 4 treatment
3 received 5 with
3 received 24 ,
5 with 8 undecanoate
6 parenteral 8 undecanoate
8 undecanoate 9 1000
8 undecanoate 12 nebido
8 undecanoate 18 pharma
8 undecanoate 20 berlin
8 undecanoate 22 germany
11 ( 12 nebido
12 nebido 15 )
16 , 18 pharma
17 bayer 18 pharma
18 pharma 19 ,
19 , 20 berlin
20 berlin 21 ,
21 , 22 germany
22 germany 23 )
24 , 25 administered
24 , 31 and
24 , 36 for
26 at 28 and
26 at 31 and
27 baseline 28 and
28 and 30 weeks
29 6 30 weeks
31 and 32 thereafter
31 and 33 every
33 every 35 weeks
34 12 35 weeks
36 for 40 months
37 up 38 to
38 to 39 60
39 60 40 months

lipids , glucose , liver enzymes and haemoglobin a1c analyses were carried out in a commercial laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 lipids 2 ,
2 , 3 glucose
2 , 4 ,
4 , 6 enzymes
4 , 7 and
5 liver 6 enzymes
7 and 10 analyses
7 and 11 were
8 haemoglobin 10 analyses
9 a1c 10 analyses
11 were 12 carried
12 carried 13 out
12 carried 14 in
14 in 17 laboratory
15 a 16 commercial
15 a 17 laboratory
16 commercial 17 laboratory

anthropometric measurements were also made throughout the study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 anthropometric 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 5 made
4 also 5 made
5 made 6 throughout
6 throughout 9 period
7 the 9 period
8 study 9 period

there were marked reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure , blood glucose , haemoglobin a1c , c - reactive protein ( 6.29 ± 7.96 to 1.03 ± [1.87] u/l ) , alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase ( p < 0.0001 for all ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 reductions
3 marked 4 reductions
4 reductions 5 in
5 in 10 pressure
6 systolic 7 and
7 and 8 diastolic
7 and 9 blood
9 blood 10 pressure
11 , 12 blood
12 blood 13 glucose
12 blood 19 -
13 glucose 16 a1c
14 , 16 a1c
15 haemoglobin 16 a1c
16 a1c 17 ,
17 , 19 -
18 c 19 -
19 - 21 protein
19 - 44 )
20 reactive 21 protein
21 protein 30 u/l
21 protein 35 and
22 ( 30 u/l
23 6.29 24 ±
24 ± 26 to
25 7.96 26 to
26 to 27 1.03
27 1.03 30 u/l
28 ± 30 u/l
30 u/l 31 )
32 , 35 and
33 alanine 34 aminotransferase
34 aminotransferase 35 and
35 and 37 aminotransferase
35 and 40 <
35 and 44 )
36 aspartate 37 aminotransferase
38 ( 40 <
39 p 40 <
40 < 41 0.0001
41 0.0001 42 for
42 for 43 all

conclusions : long - term t therapy , at physiological levels , ameliorates mets components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 therapy
2 : 13 ameliorates
2 : 16 .
3 long 4 -
3 long 5 term
5 term 6 t
5 term 7 therapy
7 therapy 9 at
7 therapy 13 ameliorates
8 , 9 at
9 at 11 levels
9 at 12 ,
10 physiological 11 levels
13 ameliorates 15 components
14 mets 15 components

these findings strongly suggest that [t] therapy in hypogonadal men may prove useful in reducing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 4 suggest
3 strongly 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 7 therapy
5 that 12 prove
7 therapy 8 in
7 therapy 11 may
8 in 10 men
9 hypogonadal 10 men
11 may 12 prove
12 prove 13 useful
13 useful 14 in
14 in 15 reducing
15 reducing 17 risk
16 the 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 20 diseases
19 cardiometabolic 20 diseases

to identify biomarkers associated with cognitive stimulation of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) patients , we performed quantitative real - time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for brain - derived neurotrophic [factor] ( bdnf ) mrna in peripheral lymphocytes of mci and healthy subjects undergoing a multi - component cognitive training ( ct ) program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 to 2 identify
2 identify 3 biomarkers
3 biomarkers 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 stimulation
5 with 15 patients
6 cognitive 7 stimulation
7 stimulation 8 of
8 of 11 impairment
9 mild 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment
11 impairment 13 mci
12 ( 13 mci
13 mci 14 )
16 , 17 we
16 , 18 performed
16 , 30 -
17 we 18 performed
18 performed 27 reaction
18 performed 28 for
19 quantitative 27 reaction
20 real 21 -
20 real 27 reaction
22 time 27 reaction
23 reverse 27 reaction
24 transcriptase 26 chain
25 polymerase 26 chain
26 chain 27 reaction
28 for 29 brain
30 - 43 and
31 derived 37 mrna
32 neurotrophic 35 bdnf
32 neurotrophic 37 mrna
34 ( 35 bdnf
35 bdnf 36 )
37 mrna 38 in
37 mrna 41 of
37 mrna 43 and
38 in 40 lymphocytes
39 peripheral 40 lymphocytes
41 of 42 mci
43 and 45 subjects
43 and 46 undergoing
44 healthy 45 subjects
46 undergoing 56 program
47 a 48 multi
47 a 56 program
48 multi 52 training
48 multi 55 )
48 multi 56 program
49 - 52 training
50 component 52 training
51 cognitive 52 training
52 training 54 ct
52 training 55 )
53 ( 54 ct
54 ct 55 )

ct determined a significant decrease of bdnf mrna levels in mci ( fold change=0.31 ) as compared to healthy subjects ( fold change=0.86 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 ct 2 determined
2 determined 5 decrease
2 determined 9 levels
3 a 5 decrease
4 significant 5 decrease
5 decrease 6 of
5 decrease 9 levels
6 of 8 mrna
7 bdnf 8 mrna
9 levels 10 in
9 levels 11 mci
9 levels 18 to
11 mci 14 change=0.31
11 mci 17 compared
12 ( 14 change=0.31
13 fold 14 change=0.31
14 change=0.31 15 )
16 as 17 compared
18 to 20 subjects
19 healthy 20 subjects
20 subjects 23 change=0.86
21 ( 23 change=0.86
22 fold 23 change=0.86
23 change=0.86 24 )

it has been reported that in mci there is an increase of bdnf serum levels , and our findings could indicate a positive effect of ct in restoring pre - disease levels of expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 17 and
4 reported 5 that
4 reported 17 and
5 that 8 there
5 that 9 is
6 in 7 mci
6 in 8 there
8 there 9 is
9 is 11 increase
10 an 11 increase
11 increase 12 of
12 of 15 levels
13 bdnf 14 serum
14 serum 15 levels
16 , 17 and
17 and 21 indicate
18 our 19 findings
19 findings 20 could
20 could 21 indicate
21 indicate 24 effect
21 indicate 27 in
22 a 23 positive
22 a 24 effect
23 positive 24 effect
24 effect 25 of
25 of 26 ct
27 in 28 restoring
28 restoring 29 pre
30 - 32 levels
31 disease 32 levels
32 levels 33 of
33 of 34 expression

aging in sweden has been uniquely shaped by its history - most notably [the] long tradition of locally controlled services for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shaped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 aging 2 in
1 aging 4 has
2 in 3 sweden
4 has 5 been
5 been 7 shaped
6 uniquely 7 shaped
7 shaped 8 by
8 by 10 history
9 its 10 history
11 - 16 tradition
12 most 16 tradition
13 notably 15 long
15 long 16 tradition
16 tradition 17 of
17 of 20 services
18 locally 19 controlled
19 controlled 20 services
20 services 21 for
21 for 23 adults
22 older 23 adults

we considered [how] local variations and local control shape the experience of aging in sweden and organized the paper into 3 sections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 16 and
2 considered 6 and
2 considered 11 experience
2 considered 16 and
4 local 5 variations
5 variations 6 and
6 and 9 shape
7 local 8 control
8 control 9 shape
10 the 11 experience
11 experience 12 of
12 of 13 aging
13 aging 14 in
14 in 15 sweden
16 and 17 organized
16 and 20 into
17 organized 19 paper
18 the 19 paper
20 into 22 sections
21 3 22 sections

first , we examine aging in sweden along demography , economy , and housing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 3 we
3 we 4 examine
4 examine 5 aging
4 examine 6 in
4 examine 8 along
6 in 7 sweden
8 along 13 and
9 demography 10 ,
10 , 11 economy
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 housing

next , we trace the origins and development of the swedish welfare state to consider formal supports ( service provision ) and informal supports ( caregiving and receipt of care ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 trace
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 next 2 ,
1 next 3 we
3 we 4 trace
4 trace 22 and
5 the 6 origins
6 origins 7 and
7 and 8 development
7 and 9 of
7 and 22 and
9 of 13 state
10 the 13 state
11 swedish 12 welfare
12 welfare 13 state
13 state 14 to
13 state 15 consider
14 to 15 consider
15 consider 17 supports
16 formal 17 supports
17 supports 20 provision
18 ( 20 provision
19 service 20 provision
20 provision 21 )
22 and 24 supports
22 and 27 and
23 informal 24 supports
25 ( 27 and
26 caregiving 27 and
27 and 28 receipt
27 and 29 of
27 and 31 )
29 of 30 care

finally , we direct researchers to additional data resources for understanding aging in sweden in greater depth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 direct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 direct
4 direct 5 researchers
4 direct 6 to
4 direct 10 for
6 to 9 resources
7 additional 8 data
8 data 9 resources
10 for 11 understanding
11 understanding 12 aging
12 aging 13 in
12 aging 15 in
13 in 14 sweden
15 in 17 depth
16 greater 17 depth

sweden was one of the first countries to experience rapid population aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sweden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 sweden 2 was
2 was 3 one
3 one 4 of
4 of 7 countries
5 the 7 countries
6 first 7 countries
7 countries 8 to
7 countries 9 experience
8 to 9 experience
9 experience 11 population
10 rapid 11 population
11 population 12 aging

quality of life for a majority of older swedes is high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 quality 2 of
1 quality 10 is
2 of 3 life
3 life 4 for
4 for 9 swedes
5 a 6 majority
6 majority 7 of
6 majority 9 swedes
7 of 9 swedes
8 older 9 swedes
10 is 11 high

local control permits a flexible and adaptive set of services and programs , where emphasis is placed on improving the quality and targeting of services that have already reached a plateau as a function of population and expenditures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 permits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 local 2 control
2 control 3 permits
3 permits 8 set
3 permits 14 where
4 a 8 set
5 flexible 6 and
6 and 7 adaptive
6 and 8 set
8 set 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 services 11 and
11 and 12 programs
11 and 13 ,
14 where 22 and
14 where 29 reached
15 emphasis 16 is
15 emphasis 22 and
16 is 17 placed
17 placed 18 on
18 on 19 improving
19 improving 21 quality
20 the 21 quality
22 and 23 targeting
23 targeting 24 of
23 targeting 29 reached
24 of 25 services
25 services 26 that
25 services 27 have
26 that 27 have
28 already 29 reached
29 reached 31 plateau
29 reached 32 as
30 a 31 plateau
32 as 37 and
33 a 34 function
34 function 35 of
34 function 37 and
35 of 36 population
37 and 38 expenditures

background : adults aging with hiv infection are at risk for age - related comorbidities and syndromes , such as frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 adults
2 : 8 are
3 adults 4 aging
3 adults 5 with
3 adults 8 are
5 with 7 infection
6 hiv 7 infection
8 are 9 at
9 at 10 risk
10 risk 11 for
10 risk 20 as
11 for 12 age
12 age 16 and
13 - 16 and
14 related 15 comorbidities
15 comorbidities 16 and
16 and 17 syndromes
16 and 18 ,
19 such 20 as
20 as 21 frailty

the objective of this study was to evaluate the expression and predictors of the frailty phenotype ( fp ) among hiv - infected ( hiv+ ) and hiv - uninfected ( hiv - [ )(men who have sex with men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 27 and
9 the 10 expression
10 expression 11 and
11 and 12 predictors
11 and 22 -
11 and 23 infected
11 and 25 hiv+
11 and 27 and
12 predictors 13 of
12 predictors 20 among
13 of 16 phenotype
14 the 16 phenotype
15 frailty 16 phenotype
16 phenotype 18 fp
17 ( 18 fp
18 fp 19 )
20 among 21 hiv
24 ( 25 hiv+
25 hiv+ 26 )
27 and 28 hiv
27 and 29 -
27 and 30 uninfected
27 and 32 hiv
31 ( 32 hiv
32 hiv 33 -
33 - 35 )(men
35 )(men 36 who
35 )(men 37 have
36 who 37 have
37 have 38 sex
38 sex 39 with
39 with 40 men

methods : a prospective , observational cohort study was nested in the multicenter aids cohort study from october 2007 - september 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 cohort
2 : 10 nested
2 : 20 -
2 : 23 .
3 a 4 prospective
3 a 7 cohort
4 prospective 5 ,
4 prospective 7 cohort
6 observational 7 cohort
7 cohort 8 study
7 cohort 9 was
7 cohort 10 nested
8 study 9 was
10 nested 11 in
11 in 16 study
12 the 16 study
13 multicenter 14 aids
14 aids 15 cohort
15 cohort 16 study
16 study 17 from
17 from 18 october
18 october 19 2007
20 - 21 september
21 september 22 2011

fp conversion was defined as the onset of fp over two consecutive study visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conversion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 fp 2 conversion
2 conversion 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
5 as 7 onset
6 the 7 onset
7 onset 8 of
8 of 9 fp
9 fp 10 over
10 over 14 visits
11 two 14 visits
12 consecutive 13 study
13 study 14 visits

adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals [(] [[] , []] [ )(for fp conversion were estimated using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 adjusted 2 odds
2 odds 3 ratios
3 ratios 4 and
4 and 8 intervals
4 and 11 ,
4 and 14 )(for
4 and 17 were
5 95 8 intervals
6 % 7 confidence
7 confidence 8 intervals
14 )(for 16 conversion
15 fp 16 conversion
17 were 18 estimated
18 estimated 19 using
18 estimated 23 with
19 using 22 models
20 logistic 22 models
21 regression 22 models
23 with 26 equations
24 generalized 26 equations
25 estimating 26 equations

results : of 10,571 completed study visits from 1,946 men who have sex with men , 12 [%] and 9 % were fp+ among hiv+ and hiv - men , respectively ( p = [.] 002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 visits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 fp+
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 4 10,571
4 10,571 5 completed
4 10,571 6 study
4 10,571 7 visits
6 study 7 visits
7 visits 8 from
8 from 10 men
9 1,946 10 men
10 men 11 who
10 men 12 have
11 who 12 have
12 have 13 sex
12 have 14 with
14 with 15 men
16 , 23 fp+
17 12 19 and
19 and 20 9
19 and 21 %
21 % 22 were
22 were 23 fp+
23 fp+ 24 among
23 fp+ 31 respectively
23 fp+ 34 =
24 among 26 and
25 hiv+ 26 and
26 and 27 hiv
27 hiv 29 men
28 - 29 men
29 men 30 ,
32 ( 34 =
33 p 34 =
34 = 36 002
34 = 37 )

the proportion of fp+ visits increased with age regardless of hiv status , but was significantly greater in hiv+ compared to hiv - men aged 50 - 64 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 proportion
2 proportion 3 of
2 proportion 14 but
3 of 5 visits
4 fp+ 5 visits
6 increased 7 with
6 increased 10 of
6 increased 14 but
7 with 8 age
9 regardless 10 of
10 of 12 status
11 hiv 12 status
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 was
15 was 16 significantly
15 was 17 greater
17 greater 18 in
17 greater 21 to
18 in 19 hiv+
19 hiv+ 20 compared
21 to 22 hiv
23 - 24 men
23 - 25 aged
24 men 25 aged
25 aged 29 years
26 50 27 -
27 - 28 64
27 - 29 years

of the 10,276 consecutive visit pairs contributed by participants , 5 % ( 537 ) were classified as fp conversion , and 45 % of the men with fp conversion had only one fp+ study visit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 of 6 pairs
1 of 10 ,
1 of 12 %
2 the 3 10,276
3 10,276 6 pairs
4 consecutive 5 visit
5 visit 6 pairs
6 pairs 7 contributed
6 pairs 8 by
8 by 9 participants
11 5 12 %
12 % 14 537
12 % 22 and
13 ( 14 537
14 537 15 )
16 were 17 classified
16 were 22 and
17 classified 18 as
18 as 20 conversion
19 fp 20 conversion
21 , 22 and
22 and 36 visit
23 45 24 %
24 % 25 of
24 % 31 had
25 of 27 men
26 the 27 men
27 men 28 with
28 with 30 conversion
29 fp 30 conversion
31 had 35 study
31 had 36 visit
32 only 33 one
33 one 35 study
34 fp+ 35 study

fp conversion was significantly associated with a history of aids ( adjusted odds ratios [=] 2.26 [ 1.50 , 3.39 ] , but not with hiv+ alone [(] adjusted odds ratios = 1.26 [ 0.98 , 1.64 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conversion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 fp 2 conversion
2 conversion 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 23 but
5 associated 25 with
6 with 8 history
7 a 8 history
8 history 9 of
8 history 14 ratios
9 of 10 aids
11 ( 14 ratios
12 adjusted 13 odds
13 odds 14 ratios
14 ratios 16 2.26
14 ratios 18 1.50
14 ratios 22 ,
17 [ 18 1.50
18 1.50 20 3.39
18 1.50 21 ]
19 , 20 3.39
20 3.39 21 ]
23 but 24 not
25 with 31 ratios
25 with 33 1.26
26 hiv+ 31 ratios
27 alone 29 adjusted
29 adjusted 31 ratios
30 odds 31 ratios
32 = 33 1.26
33 1.26 35 0.98
34 [ 35 0.98
35 0.98 37 1.64
35 0.98 39 )
36 , 37 1.64
37 1.64 38 ]

among men who had one or more fp+ visits , 34 % [of] hiv+ and 38 % of hiv - men had less than two comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 among 2 men
1 among 21 men
2 men 3 who
2 men 4 had
2 men 17 %
3 who 4 had
4 had 6 or
5 one 6 or
6 or 7 more
6 or 9 visits
6 or 10 ,
8 fp+ 9 visits
10 , 17 %
11 34 12 %
11 34 15 and
12 % 14 hiv+
15 and 16 38
15 and 17 %
17 % 18 of
17 % 20 -
18 of 19 hiv
21 men 22 had
22 had 26 comorbidities
23 less 24 than
24 than 25 two
25 two 26 comorbidities

conclusions : these findings suggest that expression of the fp can be measured in men who have sex with men [with] and without hiv infection and reflects multisystem dysfunction in this population ; further investigations are needed to better understand clinical utility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 33 ;
2 : 40 understand
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 7 expression
6 that 26 and
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 26 and
8 of 10 fp
9 the 10 fp
11 can 12 be
11 can 26 and
12 be 13 measured
13 measured 22 and
14 in 15 men
14 in 22 and
15 men 16 who
15 men 17 have
16 who 17 have
17 have 18 sex
17 have 19 with
19 with 20 men
22 and 23 without
23 without 25 infection
24 hiv 25 infection
26 and 27 reflects
27 reflects 29 dysfunction
28 multisystem 29 dysfunction
29 dysfunction 30 in
30 in 32 population
31 this 32 population
33 ; 35 investigations
33 ; 37 needed
34 further 35 investigations
35 investigations 36 are
36 are 37 needed
37 needed 38 to
38 to 40 understand
39 better 40 understand
40 understand 42 utility
41 clinical 42 utility

background : advanced glycation endproducts are biologically active compounds that accumulate in disordered metabolism and normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 glycation
3 advanced 4 glycation
4 glycation 5 endproducts
4 glycation 17 aging
5 endproducts 6 are
6 are 7 biologically
6 are 9 compounds
6 are 12 in
8 active 9 compounds
9 compounds 10 that
9 compounds 11 accumulate
10 that 11 accumulate
12 in 15 and
13 disordered 14 metabolism
14 metabolism 15 and
15 and 16 normal
15 and 17 aging

carboxymethyl - lysine ( cml ) , a ubiquitous human advanced glycation endproduct , has been associated with age - related conditions and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 carboxymethyl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 carboxymethyl 3 lysine
1 carboxymethyl 15 has
2 - 3 lysine
3 lysine 5 cml
3 lysine 13 endproduct
3 lysine 14 ,
4 ( 5 cml
5 cml 6 )
7 , 13 endproduct
8 a 13 endproduct
9 ubiquitous 10 human
10 human 13 endproduct
11 advanced 12 glycation
12 glycation 13 endproduct
13 endproduct 14 ,
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 23 and
22 conditions 23 and
23 and 24 mortality

our objective was to ascertain the relationship between cml and geriatric outcomes ( disability and frailty ) in a large cohort of older men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 ascertain
4 to 5 ascertain
5 ascertain 10 and
5 ascertain 18 in
6 the 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
7 relationship 10 and
8 between 9 cml
10 and 12 outcomes
10 and 15 and
11 geriatric 12 outcomes
13 ( 15 and
14 disability 15 and
15 and 16 frailty
15 and 17 )
18 in 21 cohort
19 a 20 large
19 a 21 cohort
20 large 21 cohort
21 cohort 22 of
22 of 25 and
23 older 24 men
24 men 25 and
25 and 26 women

methods : in 1996 - 1997 , serum cml was measured in 3,373 cardiovascular health study participants ( mean age 78.1 ± 4.8 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 in
2 : 10 was
3 in 4 1996
3 in 10 was
4 1996 6 1997
5 - 6 1997
6 1997 7 ,
8 serum 9 cml
8 serum 10 was
10 was 11 measured
11 measured 12 in
12 in 17 participants
13 3,373 17 participants
14 cardiovascular 15 health
15 health 17 participants
16 study 17 participants
17 participants 24 years
18 ( 24 years
19 mean 20 age
20 age 24 years
21 78.1 24 years
22 ± 24 years
23 4.8 24 years
24 years 25 )

disability , defined as difficulty in any of six activities of daily living , was assessed every 6 - 12 months for 14 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 disability 3 defined
1 disability 15 was
2 , 3 defined
3 defined 4 as
3 defined 6 in
3 defined 14 ,
4 as 5 difficulty
6 in 7 any
7 any 8 of
7 any 11 of
8 of 10 activities
9 six 10 activities
11 of 13 living
12 daily 13 living
15 was 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 every
16 assessed 22 for
17 every 21 months
18 6 19 -
19 - 20 12
19 - 21 months
22 for 24 years
23 14 24 years

frailty was defined according to five standard criteria at the 1996 - 1997 visit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 frailty 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 8 criteria
6 five 8 criteria
7 standard 8 criteria
8 criteria 9 at
9 at 14 visit
10 the 14 visit
11 1996 12 -
12 - 13 1997
12 - 14 visit

cox proportional hazard models estimated the relationship between cml and incident disability ( n = 2,643 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 cox 4 models
2 proportional 3 hazard
3 hazard 4 models
4 models 5 estimated
5 estimated 10 and
6 the 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
7 relationship 10 and
8 between 9 cml
10 and 12 disability
10 and 15 =
11 incident 12 disability
13 ( 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 2,643
15 = 17 )

logistic regression models estimated the relationship between cml and prevalent frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 models
3 models 4 estimated
4 estimated 9 and
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 9 and
7 between 8 cml
9 and 11 frailty
10 prevalent 11 frailty

results : adjusting for multiple potential confounders , [higher] cml was associated with incident disability ( hazard [ratio] per standard deviation [ 225 ng/ml ] [increase] : 1.05 , 95 % ci 1.01 - 1.11 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 adjusting
2 : 7 confounders
2 : 8 ,
3 adjusting 4 for
3 adjusting 7 confounders
4 for 6 potential
5 multiple 6 potential
8 , 10 cml
8 , 12 associated
8 , 27 :
10 cml 11 was
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 disability
14 incident 15 disability
15 disability 17 hazard
16 ( 17 hazard
17 hazard 19 per
17 hazard 24 ng/ml
17 hazard 25 ]
19 per 21 deviation
20 standard 21 deviation
22 [ 24 ng/ml
23 225 24 ng/ml
24 ng/ml 25 ]
27 : 28 1.05
28 1.05 32 ci
29 , 32 ci
30 95 32 ci
31 % 32 ci
32 ci 34 -
32 ci 36 )
33 1.01 34 -
34 - 35 1.11

in men , odds of frailty increased with higher [cml] values ( odds ratio [=] 1.30 per standard deviation , 95 % ci 1.14 - 1.48 ) , but the relationship was attenuated by adjustment for cognitive status , kidney function , and arthritis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 2 men
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 odds
4 odds 5 of
4 odds 7 increased
5 of 6 frailty
7 increased 8 with
8 with 11 values
9 higher 11 values
11 values 14 ratio
11 values 23 ci
12 ( 14 ratio
13 odds 14 ratio
14 ratio 16 1.30
14 ratio 17 per
14 ratio 20 ,
17 per 19 deviation
18 standard 19 deviation
20 , 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 25 -
23 ci 27 )
24 1.14 25 -
25 - 26 1.48
28 , 29 but
29 but 31 relationship
29 but 33 attenuated
30 the 31 relationship
31 relationship 32 was
32 was 33 attenuated
33 attenuated 34 by
34 by 35 adjustment
35 adjustment 36 for
36 for 43 and
37 cognitive 38 status
38 status 39 ,
39 , 41 function
39 , 43 and
40 kidney 41 function
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 arthritis

cml was not associated with frailty in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cml
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 cml 2 was
2 was 3 not
2 was 5 with
2 was 7 in
3 not 4 associated
5 with 6 frailty
7 in 8 women

conclusions : higher serum cml levels in late life are associated with incident disability and prevalent frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 serum
2 : 11 associated
2 : 18 .
3 higher 4 serum
4 serum 5 cml
4 serum 6 levels
4 serum 10 are
4 serum 11 associated
6 levels 7 in
6 levels 10 are
7 in 9 life
8 late 9 life
11 associated 12 with
12 with 15 and
13 incident 14 disability
14 disability 15 and
15 and 17 frailty
16 prevalent 17 frailty

further work is needed to understand cml 's value as a risk stratifier , biomarker , or target for interventions that promote healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 further 2 work
2 work 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 understand
6 understand 7 cml
6 understand 8 's
7 cml 8 's
8 's 9 value
8 's 10 as
10 as 17 or
11 a 13 stratifier
12 risk 13 stratifier
13 stratifier 14 ,
14 , 15 biomarker
14 , 17 or
16 , 17 or
17 or 18 target
17 or 19 for
19 for 20 interventions
20 interventions 21 that
20 interventions 22 promote
21 that 22 promote
22 promote 24 aging
23 healthy 24 aging

background : on average , as people age , they accumulate more health deficits and have an increased risk of death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 average
3 on 4 average
5 , 10 they
5 , 15 and
6 as 7 people
6 as 8 age
6 as 9 ,
6 as 10 they
7 people 8 age
10 they 15 and
11 accumulate 14 deficits
11 accumulate 15 and
12 more 14 deficits
13 health 14 deficits
15 and 16 have
16 have 19 risk
17 an 19 risk
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 death

the deficit accumulation [-] based frailty index ( fi ) can quantify health and its outcomes in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 quantify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 7 index
2 deficit 5 based
3 accumulation 5 based
5 based 6 frailty
6 frailty 7 index
7 index 9 fi
7 index 11 can
8 ( 9 fi
9 fi 10 )
11 can 12 quantify
12 quantify 14 and
12 quantify 17 in
13 health 14 and
14 and 16 outcomes
15 its 16 outcomes
17 in 18 aging

previous studies have suggested that women show higher fi values than men and that the highest fi score ( the " limit to frailty " ) occurs at a value of fi ~ 0.7 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ~
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 suggested
4 suggested 13 and
5 that 6 women
5 that 7 show
5 that 13 and
6 women 7 show
7 show 9 fi
7 show 10 values
7 show 11 than
8 higher 9 fi
11 than 12 men
13 and 14 that
14 that 18 score
14 that 27 occurs
15 the 16 highest
15 the 18 score
17 fi 18 score
18 score 22 limit
18 score 27 occurs
19 ( 22 limit
20 the 21 "
20 the 22 limit
22 limit 23 to
22 limit 26 )
23 to 24 frailty
24 frailty 25 "
27 occurs 28 at
28 at 30 value
29 a 30 value
30 value 31 of
31 of 32 fi
33 ~ 34 0.7

even so , gender differences in the limit to frailty have not been reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 even 2 so
1 even 3 ,
1 even 5 differences
2 so 3 ,
4 gender 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 11 have
6 in 8 limit
7 the 8 limit
8 limit 9 to
9 to 10 frailty
11 have 12 not
11 have 13 been
13 been 14 reported

methods : data for this analysis were obtained from the beijing longitudinal study of aging that involved 3,257 community - dwelling chinese people , aged 55+ years at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 8 obtained
2 : 20 -
3 data 4 for
3 data 7 were
4 for 6 analysis
5 this 6 analysis
7 were 8 obtained
8 obtained 9 from
9 from 19 community
10 the 19 community
11 beijing 12 longitudinal
12 longitudinal 13 study
13 study 14 of
13 study 19 community
14 of 15 aging
15 aging 17 involved
16 that 17 involved
18 3,257 19 community
20 - 23 people
21 dwelling 22 chinese
22 chinese 23 people
23 people 27 years
24 , 27 years
25 aged 27 years
26 55+ 27 years
27 years 28 at
27 years 30 .
28 at 29 baseline

the main outcome measure was 5 - year mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 4 measure
3 outcome 4 measure
4 measure 5 was
5 was 6 5
7 - 9 mortality
8 year 9 mortality

an fi consisting of 35 health - related variables was constructed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 an 2 fi
2 fi 3 consisting
2 fi 10 was
3 consisting 4 of
4 of 6 health
5 35 6 health
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 variables
8 related 10 was
10 was 11 constructed

the absolute and 99 % fi limits were calculated for different age groups and analyzed by sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 absolute
2 absolute 3 and
3 and 7 limits
3 and 8 were
4 99 5 %
5 % 7 limits
6 fi 7 limits
8 were 9 calculated
9 calculated 10 for
10 for 12 age
11 different 12 age
12 age 14 and
13 groups 14 and
14 and 15 analyzed
14 and 16 by
16 by 17 sex

results : the mean level of the fi increased with age and was lower in men than in women ( f = 67.87 , p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 level
2 : 12 and
2 : 30 .
3 the 5 level
4 mean 5 level
5 level 6 of
5 level 12 and
6 of 8 fi
7 the 8 fi
9 increased 10 with
9 increased 12 and
10 with 11 age
12 and 13 was
13 was 14 lower
14 lower 15 in
14 lower 17 than
14 lower 26 <
15 in 16 men
17 than 18 in
18 in 19 women
19 women 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 f 22 =
22 = 23 67.87
22 = 24 ,
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 28 001
26 < 29 )

the 99 % fi limit leveled off slightly earlier with a relatively lower value in men ( 60 years [;] 0.44 ± 0.02 ) compared with that in women ( 65 years [;] 0.52 ± 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 limit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 5 limit
2 99 3 %
3 % 5 limit
4 fi 5 limit
5 limit 6 leveled
5 limit 25 compared
6 leveled 7 off
6 leveled 8 slightly
6 leveled 9 earlier
6 leveled 10 with
6 leveled 15 in
10 with 14 value
11 a 12 relatively
11 a 14 value
12 relatively 13 lower
13 lower 14 value
15 in 16 men
16 men 22 ±
17 ( 22 ±
18 60 19 years
19 years 22 ±
21 0.44 22 ±
22 ± 23 0.02
22 ± 24 )
25 compared 26 with
25 compared 28 in
26 with 27 that
28 in 29 women
29 women 35 ±
30 ( 35 ±
31 65 32 years
32 years 35 ±
34 0.52 35 ±
35 ± 36 0.04
35 ± 37 )

the highest absolute fi value was 0.61 in men and 0.69 in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 highest
1 the 5 value
3 absolute 5 value
4 fi 5 value
5 value 6 was
6 was 10 and
7 0.61 8 in
8 in 9 men
9 men 10 and
10 and 13 women
11 0.69 12 in
12 in 13 women

in both groups , people with an fi greater than or equal to the 99 % limit showed close to 100 % mortality by 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 groups
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 people
2 both 3 groups
5 people 6 with
5 people 18 showed
6 with 11 or
7 an 8 fi
8 fi 9 greater
8 fi 11 or
9 greater 10 than
11 or 12 equal
11 or 13 to
13 to 17 limit
14 the 17 limit
15 99 16 %
16 % 17 limit
18 showed 20 to
18 showed 23 mortality
18 showed 24 by
19 close 20 to
20 to 22 %
21 100 22 %
24 by 26 years
25 5 26 years

conclusion : compared with men , women appeared to better tolerate deficits in health , yielding both relatively lower mortality and higher limit values to the fi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 tolerate
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
4 with 5 men
6 , 7 women
6 , 8 appeared
7 women 8 appeared
8 appeared 9 to
9 to 11 tolerate
10 better 11 tolerate
11 tolerate 12 deficits
11 tolerate 13 in
11 tolerate 16 yielding
13 in 14 health
15 , 16 yielding
16 yielding 24 values
16 yielding 25 to
16 yielding 28 .
17 both 24 values
18 relatively 19 lower
19 lower 20 mortality
20 mortality 21 and
21 and 22 higher
21 and 23 limit
23 limit 24 values
25 to 27 fi
26 the 27 fi

even so , the fi did not exceed 0.7 in any individual . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 exceed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 even 2 so
1 even 3 ,
1 even 5 fi
2 so 3 ,
4 the 5 fi
5 fi 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 exceed
8 exceed 9 0.7
8 exceed 10 in
10 in 12 individual
11 any 12 individual

[none] none background : previous studies reported a positive association [of] body mass index ( bmi ) with microsatellite - stable [(] mss ) but not with microsatellite - instable ( msi - high ) colorectal cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
2 none 3 background
4 : 6 studies
4 : 7 reported
4 : 38 .
5 previous 6 studies
6 studies 7 reported
7 reported 14 index
7 reported 25 but
8 a 9 positive
8 a 14 index
9 positive 14 index
10 association 12 body
12 body 13 mass
13 mass 14 index
14 index 16 bmi
15 ( 16 bmi
16 bmi 17 )
18 with 19 microsatellite
18 with 25 but
19 microsatellite 23 mss
20 - 23 mss
21 stable 23 mss
23 mss 24 )
25 but 26 not
25 but 27 with
27 with 37 cancer
28 microsatellite 29 -
28 microsatellite 37 cancer
30 instable 32 msi
30 instable 33 -
30 instable 37 cancer
31 ( 32 msi
32 msi 33 -
34 high 35 )
34 high 37 cancer
36 colorectal 37 cancer

however , information from population [-] based studies conducted in representative age groups is so far limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 information
3 information 4 from
3 information 14 is
4 from 8 studies
5 population 7 based
7 based 8 studies
8 studies 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 in
10 in 13 groups
11 representative 13 groups
12 age 13 groups
14 is 16 far
14 is 17 limited
15 so 16 far

methods : we conducted a population - based case - control study ( dachs ) in southern germany , including 1,215 patients with incident colorectal cancer and 1,891 matched controls with no upper age limit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 7 -
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 6 population
5 a 6 population
7 - 9 case
7 - 10 -
8 based 9 case
10 - 11 control
11 control 12 study
11 control 16 in
11 control 20 including
12 study 14 dachs
13 ( 14 dachs
14 dachs 15 )
16 in 18 germany
17 southern 18 germany
19 , 20 including
20 including 22 patients
20 including 23 with
20 including 36 .
21 1,215 22 patients
23 with 27 and
23 with 31 with
24 incident 26 cancer
25 colorectal 26 cancer
26 cancer 27 and
27 and 30 controls
28 1,891 30 controls
29 matched 30 controls
31 with 35 limit
32 no 35 limit
33 upper 35 limit
34 age 35 limit

information on risk factors of colorectal cancer was obtained in standardized interviews . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 information 2 on
1 information 8 was
2 on 4 factors
3 risk 4 factors
4 factors 5 of
5 of 7 cancer
6 colorectal 7 cancer
8 was 9 obtained
9 obtained 10 in
10 in 12 interviews
11 standardized 12 interviews

microsatellite instability was analyzed using a mononucleotide marker panel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 microsatellite 2 instability
2 instability 3 was
3 was 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 using
5 using 9 panel
6 a 9 panel
7 mononucleotide 9 panel
8 marker 9 panel

results : median age among cases was 69 years , and 115 cases were classified [msi] - high ( 9.5 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 age
2 : 7 was
2 : 23 .
3 median 4 age
4 age 5 among
4 age 7 was
5 among 6 cases
7 was 8 69
8 69 11 and
8 69 14 were
8 69 15 classified
8 69 21 %
9 years 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 cases
11 and 14 were
12 115 13 cases
15 classified 17 -
15 classified 18 high
19 ( 21 %
20 9.5 21 %
21 % 22 )

in multivariate analyses , bmi was positively associated with both risk of msi - high colorectal cancer [[] per 5 kg/m ( 2 ) : or , 1.71 [;] 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) , 1.35 - 2.17 ] [and] risk of mss colorectal cancer ( or , 1.20 [;] 95 % ci , 1.07 - 1.33 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 3 analyses
2 multivariate 3 analyses
4 , 5 bmi
4 , 8 associated
4 , 14 -
5 bmi 6 was
6 was 7 positively
6 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 both
9 with 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 13 msi
14 - 17 cancer
15 high 17 cancer
16 colorectal 17 cancer
17 cancer 19 per
17 cancer 23 2
17 cancer 25 :
19 per 21 kg/m
20 5 21 kg/m
22 ( 23 2
23 2 24 )
25 : 26 or
26 or 33 interval
27 , 33 interval
28 1.71 33 interval
30 95 31 %
31 % 33 interval
32 confidence 33 interval
33 interval 35 ci
33 interval 37 ,
34 ( 35 ci
35 ci 36 )
37 , 39 -
38 1.35 39 -
39 - 40 2.17
39 - 41 ]
39 - 43 risk
43 risk 44 of
43 risk 49 or
44 of 47 cancer
45 mss 47 cancer
46 colorectal 47 cancer
48 ( 49 or
49 or 55 ci
49 or 58 -
49 or 61 .
50 , 55 ci
51 1.20 55 ci
53 95 55 ci
54 % 55 ci
55 ci 56 ,
56 , 58 -
57 1.07 58 -
58 - 59 1.33
58 - 60 )

the association [with] msi - high colorectal cancer was limited to women ( or , 2.04 ; 95 % ci , 1.50 - 2.77 ; [p] interaction = 0.02 [ )(and most pronounced among [ever] users of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy ( or , 4.68 [;] 95 % ci , 2.36 - 9.30 [;] p [interaction] = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 msi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 the 4 msi
2 association 4 msi
5 - 6 high
5 - 9 was
5 - 15 ,
6 high 9 was
7 colorectal 8 cancer
8 cancer 9 was
9 was 10 limited
10 limited 11 to
11 to 12 women
12 women 14 or
13 ( 14 or
14 or 15 ,
15 , 16 2.04
15 , 17 ;
17 ; 20 ci
17 ; 21 ,
18 95 20 ci
19 % 20 ci
21 , 22 1.50
21 , 23 -
21 , 25 ;
22 1.50 23 -
23 - 24 2.77
25 ; 27 interaction
25 ; 31 )(and
27 interaction 28 =
28 = 29 0.02
31 )(and 32 most
31 )(and 33 pronounced
32 most 33 pronounced
33 pronounced 34 among
33 pronounced 41 therapy
34 among 36 users
36 users 37 of
37 of 39 hormone
38 postmenopausal 39 hormone
40 replacement 41 therapy
41 therapy 43 or
41 therapy 49 ci
42 ( 43 or
43 or 44 ,
44 , 49 ci
45 4.68 49 ci
47 95 49 ci
48 % 49 ci
49 ci 51 2.36
49 ci 60 .
50 , 51 2.36
51 2.36 53 9.30
51 2.36 60 .
52 - 53 9.30
53 9.30 57 =
53 9.30 59 )
55 p 57 =
57 = 58 0.01
57 = 59 )

in case - only analyses , [bmi] was more strongly associated with msi - high colorectal cancer [than] with mss colorectal cancer among women ( or , 1.84 ; 95 % ci , 1.13 - 1.82 ; p [interaction] = 0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 )(
1 in 2 case
3 - 6 ,
3 - 14 -
3 - 33 ,
4 only 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 ,
6 , 8 was
8 was 11 associated
9 more 10 strongly
10 strongly 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 13 msi
14 - 17 cancer
14 - 29 ;
15 high 17 cancer
16 colorectal 17 cancer
17 cancer 19 with
17 cancer 26 or
19 with 22 cancer
20 mss 22 cancer
21 colorectal 22 cancer
22 cancer 23 among
23 among 24 women
25 ( 26 or
26 or 28 1.84
26 or 29 ;
27 , 28 1.84
28 1.84 29 ;
29 ; 32 ci
30 95 32 ci
31 % 32 ci
33 , 34 1.13
33 , 35 -
33 , 37 ;
34 1.13 35 -
35 - 36 1.82
37 ; 38 p
37 ; 40 =
38 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.01

conclusions : this population - based study confirms previous findings of increased risk of mss colorectal cancer with obesity between both sexes and suggests that overweight and obesity may also be associated with increased risk of msi - high colorectal cancer among women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 population
3 this 4 population
5 - 7 study
5 - 8 confirms
6 based 7 study
7 study 8 confirms
8 confirms 10 findings
8 confirms 18 with
8 confirms 20 between
9 previous 10 findings
10 findings 11 of
10 findings 14 of
11 of 13 risk
12 increased 13 risk
14 of 17 cancer
15 mss 17 cancer
16 colorectal 17 cancer
18 with 19 obesity
20 between 21 both
21 both 23 and
22 sexes 23 and
23 and 24 suggests
23 and 41 cancer
23 and 42 among
24 suggests 25 that
25 that 27 and
25 that 32 associated
26 overweight 27 and
27 and 28 obesity
27 and 29 may
29 may 31 be
30 also 31 be
31 be 32 associated
32 associated 33 with
32 associated 38 -
32 associated 39 high
33 with 35 risk
34 increased 35 risk
35 risk 36 of
36 of 37 msi
40 colorectal 41 cancer
42 among 43 women

impact : these findings extend available data on the association of bmi and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer and may suggest a link between overweight and obesity with sporadic msi - high colorectal cancer in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 suggest
2 : 4 findings
2 : 19 and
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 19 and
5 extend 7 data
5 extend 8 on
5 extend 16 in
5 extend 19 and
6 available 7 data
8 on 13 and
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 of
10 association 13 and
11 of 12 bmi
13 and 15 instability
14 microsatellite 15 instability
16 in 18 cancer
17 colorectal 18 cancer
19 and 20 may
20 may 21 suggest
21 suggest 23 link
22 a 23 link
23 link 24 between
23 link 28 with
23 link 34 cancer
24 between 26 and
25 overweight 26 and
26 and 27 obesity
28 with 30 msi
29 sporadic 30 msi
31 - 34 cancer
32 high 34 cancer
33 colorectal 34 cancer
34 cancer 35 in
34 cancer 37 .
35 in 36 women

varieties of transforming growth factor [-] β ( tgf - β ) antagonists have been developed to intervene with excessive tgf - β signalling activity in cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 varieties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 varieties 2 of
1 varieties 5 factor
2 of 3 transforming
3 transforming 4 growth
5 factor 7 β
7 β 9 tgf
8 ( 9 tgf
9 tgf 10 -
10 - 13 antagonists
10 - 16 developed
10 - 22 -
11 β 12 )
11 β 13 antagonists
13 antagonists 14 have
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 developed
16 developed 17 to
17 to 18 intervene
18 intervene 19 with
19 with 21 tgf
20 excessive 21 tgf
22 - 23 β
23 β 25 activity
23 β 26 in
24 signalling 25 activity
26 in 27 cancer

activin receptor - like kinase5 ( alk5 ) inhibitors antagonize tgf - β signalling by blocking tgf - β receptor - activated smad ( r - smad ) phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 receptor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 activin 2 receptor
3 - 9 inhibitors
3 - 10 antagonize
3 - 18 -
4 like 5 kinase5
4 like 8 )
4 like 9 inhibitors
5 kinase5 7 alk5
6 ( 7 alk5
7 alk5 8 )
9 inhibitors 10 antagonize
10 antagonize 11 tgf
11 tgf 13 β
12 - 13 β
13 β 14 signalling
13 β 15 by
13 β 18 -
15 by 16 blocking
16 blocking 17 tgf
18 - 20 receptor
18 - 21 -
19 β 20 receptor
21 - 29 phosphorylation
21 - 30 .
22 activated 29 phosphorylation
23 smad 25 r
23 smad 27 smad
23 smad 29 phosphorylation
24 ( 25 r
25 r 26 -
26 - 27 smad
27 smad 28 )

here we report the novel mechanisms [how] alk5 inhibitors exert a therapeutic effect on a mouse b16 melanoma model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 report
3 report 6 mechanisms
3 report 14 on
4 the 6 mechanisms
5 novel 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 9 inhibitors
6 mechanisms 10 exert
8 alk5 9 inhibitors
9 inhibitors 10 exert
10 exert 13 effect
11 a 12 therapeutic
11 a 13 effect
12 therapeutic 13 effect
14 on 19 model
15 a 19 model
16 mouse 19 model
17 b16 19 model
18 melanoma 19 model

notably , alk5 inhibitors [not] only blocked r - smad phosphorylation , but also induced ubiquitin - mediated degradation of the common [smad] , smad4 mainly in cd8 [(] [+] [ )(t cells in melanoma - bearing mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 alk5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 3 alk5
3 alk5 4 inhibitors
3 alk5 7 blocked
3 alk5 11 phosphorylation
3 alk5 13 but
3 alk5 18 mediated
4 inhibitors 7 blocked
6 only 7 blocked
7 blocked 8 r
9 - 11 phosphorylation
10 smad 11 phosphorylation
11 phosphorylation 12 ,
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 also
13 but 16 ubiquitin
13 but 17 -
15 induced 16 ubiquitin
18 mediated 19 degradation
18 mediated 26 mainly
18 mediated 34 in
19 degradation 20 of
20 of 25 smad4
21 the 25 smad4
22 common 24 ,
22 common 25 smad4
26 mainly 27 in
27 in 33 cells
28 cd8 32 )(t
28 cd8 33 cells
34 in 38 mice
35 melanoma 36 -
35 melanoma 37 bearing
37 bearing 38 mice

[accordingly] [,] t - cell - specific deletion of smad4 was sufficient to suppress the progression of melanoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 t
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
3 t 4 -
4 - 5 cell
6 - 8 deletion
6 - 11 was
6 - 19 .
7 specific 8 deletion
8 deletion 9 of
8 deletion 11 was
9 of 10 smad4
11 was 12 sufficient
12 sufficient 13 to
12 sufficient 14 suppress
13 to 14 suppress
14 suppress 16 progression
15 the 16 progression
16 progression 17 of
17 of 18 melanoma

we further identified eomesodermin ( eomes ) , [the] t - box transcription factor regulating ctl functions , as a specific target repressed by tgf - β via smad4 and smad3 in cd8 ( [+] [ )(t [cells] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
1 we 3 identified
2 further 3 identified
3 identified 4 eomesodermin
4 eomesodermin 6 eomes
4 eomesodermin 10 t
4 eomesodermin 13 transcription
5 ( 6 eomes
6 eomes 7 )
8 , 10 t
10 t 11 -
11 - 13 transcription
12 box 13 transcription
13 transcription 17 functions
13 transcription 27 β
13 transcription 39 .
14 factor 17 functions
15 regulating 17 functions
16 ctl 17 functions
17 functions 19 as
17 functions 27 β
18 , 19 as
19 as 22 target
19 as 26 -
20 a 22 target
21 specific 22 target
22 target 23 repressed
23 repressed 24 by
24 by 25 tgf
27 β 28 via
27 β 32 in
28 via 31 smad3
29 smad4 30 and
30 and 31 smad3
32 in 33 cd8
33 cd8 37 )(t
34 ( 37 )(t
37 )(t 39 .

thus , alk5 inhibition enhances anti - melanoma ctl responses through ubiquitin - mediated degradation of smad4 in addition to the direct inhibitory effect on r - smad phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 enhances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 inhibition
3 alk5 4 inhibition
4 inhibition 5 enhances
5 enhances 15 degradation
5 enhances 18 in
5 enhances 20 to
6 anti 10 responses
6 anti 13 -
6 anti 15 degradation
7 - 10 responses
8 melanoma 10 responses
9 ctl 10 responses
10 responses 11 through
10 responses 13 -
11 through 12 ubiquitin
14 mediated 15 degradation
15 degradation 16 of
16 of 17 smad4
18 in 19 addition
20 to 24 effect
21 the 24 effect
22 direct 24 effect
23 inhibitory 24 effect
24 effect 25 on
25 on 26 r
27 - 29 phosphorylation
27 - 30 .
28 smad 29 phosphorylation

context : pseudohypoparathyroidism ( php ) is defined as resistance toward parathyroid hormones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 php
2 : 8 defined
2 : 14 .
3 pseudohypoparathyroidism 5 php
4 ( 5 php
5 php 6 )
5 php 7 is
7 is 8 defined
8 defined 9 as
8 defined 11 toward
9 as 10 resistance
11 toward 13 hormones
12 parathyroid 13 hormones

php and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism ( pphp ) are rare disorders resulting from genetic and epigenetic aberrations [within] [or] upstream of the gnas locus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 php
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 and 3 pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
2 and 7 are
3 pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism 5 pphp
3 pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism 7 are
4 ( 5 pphp
5 pphp 6 )
7 are 9 disorders
7 are 18 upstream
8 rare 9 disorders
9 disorders 10 resulting
9 disorders 11 from
11 from 15 aberrations
12 genetic 13 and
13 and 14 epigenetic
13 and 15 aberrations
18 upstream 19 of
19 of 22 locus
20 the 22 locus
21 gnas 22 locus

this study investigated the clinical characteristics and performed a molecular analysis of php and pphp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 7 and
3 investigated 6 characteristics
3 investigated 7 and
4 the 6 characteristics
5 clinical 6 characteristics
7 and 8 performed
8 performed 11 analysis
9 a 10 molecular
9 a 11 analysis
10 molecular 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 php 14 and
14 and 15 pphp

methods : a total of 12 patients with [(] p )php from 11 unrelated families ( 4 with php - ia , 6 with php - ib , and 2 [with] pphp ) [were] characterized using both clinical and molecular methods . 
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 8 with
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 patients
6 12 7 patients
8 with 10 p
8 with 11 )php
11 )php 12 from
12 from 15 families
13 11 15 families
14 unrelated 15 families
15 families 20 -
16 ( 20 -
17 4 18 with
17 4 20 -
18 with 19 php
20 - 29 and
21 ia 23 6
21 ia 29 and
22 , 23 6
23 6 24 with
23 6 27 ib
23 6 28 ,
24 with 25 php
26 - 27 ib
27 ib 28 ,
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 pphp
29 and 33 )
29 and 35 characterized
29 and 36 using
30 2 32 pphp
36 using 39 and
37 both 39 and
38 clinical 39 and
39 and 41 methods
39 and 42 .
40 molecular 41 methods

clinical features included the presenting symptoms , albright hereditary osteodystrophy features , and resistance to hormones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 clinical 2 features
2 features 3 included
3 included 13 and
3 included 15 to
4 the 6 symptoms
5 presenting 6 symptoms
6 symptoms 7 ,
7 , 11 features
7 , 13 and
8 albright 11 features
9 hereditary 10 osteodystrophy
10 osteodystrophy 11 features
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 resistance
15 to 16 hormones

comprehensive analysis of the gnas and stx16 loci was undertaken to investigate the molecular defects underlying ( [p] )php . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 undertaken
1 comprehensive 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 9 was
3 of 6 and
4 the 5 gnas
5 gnas 6 and
6 and 8 loci
7 stx16 8 loci
9 was 10 undertaken
10 undertaken 11 to
11 to 12 investigate
12 investigate 16 underlying
13 the 16 underlying
14 molecular 15 defects
15 defects 16 underlying
16 underlying 19 )php
17 ( 19 )php
19 )php 20 .

results : all php - ib patients displayed hypocalcemic symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 php
2 : 5 -
3 all 4 php
5 - 7 patients
5 - 8 displayed
5 - 11 .
6 ib 7 patients
7 patients 8 displayed
8 displayed 10 symptoms
9 hypocalcemic 10 symptoms

all php - ia patients showed resistance toward tsh , in addition to pth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 php
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 all 2 php
3 - 5 patients
3 - 6 showed
4 ia 5 patients
5 patients 6 showed
6 showed 7 resistance
6 showed 8 toward
8 toward 9 tsh
9 tsh 11 in
10 , 11 in
11 in 12 addition
11 in 15 .
12 addition 13 to
13 to 14 pth

in most patients with php , when the diagnosis of php was first established , hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were associated with a significant increase in serum pth levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 6 ,
1 in 17 and
2 most 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
4 with 5 php
7 when 9 diagnosis
7 when 14 established
7 when 15 ,
7 when 17 and
8 the 9 diagnosis
9 diagnosis 10 of
9 diagnosis 12 was
10 of 11 php
12 was 14 established
13 first 14 established
14 established 15 ,
16 hypocalcemia 17 and
17 and 18 hyperphosphatemia
17 and 19 were
19 were 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
20 associated 25 in
21 with 24 increase
22 a 23 significant
22 a 24 increase
23 significant 24 increase
25 in 28 levels
26 serum 28 levels
27 pth 28 levels

one patient with php [-] ia was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and showed a good response to human recombinant growth hormone therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 one 2 patient
2 patient 3 with
2 patient 13 and
3 with 6 ia
4 php 6 ia
7 was 8 diagnosed
7 was 13 and
8 diagnosed 9 with
9 with 12 deficiency
10 growth 12 deficiency
11 hormone 12 deficiency
13 and 14 showed
14 showed 17 response
14 showed 23 therapy
15 a 16 good
15 a 17 response
16 good 17 response
17 response 18 to
18 to 20 recombinant
19 human 20 recombinant
21 growth 23 therapy
22 hormone 23 therapy

one php [-] ib patient showed [a] de novo microdeletion in stx16 and a loss of methylation of exon a/b on the maternal allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 one 5 patient
2 php 4 ib
4 ib 5 patient
5 patient 6 showed
6 showed 9 novo
6 showed 10 microdeletion
6 showed 11 in
6 showed 21 on
8 de 9 novo
11 in 13 and
12 stx16 13 and
13 and 15 loss
13 and 16 of
13 and 18 of
14 a 15 loss
16 of 17 methylation
18 of 20 a/b
19 exon 20 a/b
21 on 24 allele
22 the 24 allele
23 maternal 24 allele

no patients revealed paternal disomy among 4 patients with php - ib . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 no 2 patients
2 patients 3 revealed
3 revealed 5 disomy
3 revealed 6 among
3 revealed 9 with
4 paternal 5 disomy
6 among 8 patients
7 4 8 patients
9 with 10 php
11 - 12 ib
11 - 13 .

conclusions : identification of the molecular causes of php and pphp explains their distinctive clinical features and enables confirmation of the diagnosis and exact genetic counseling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 identification
2 : 17 and
3 identification 4 of
3 identification 17 and
4 of 7 causes
5 the 7 causes
6 molecular 7 causes
7 causes 8 of
8 of 11 pphp
9 php 10 and
10 and 11 pphp
12 explains 16 features
12 explains 17 and
13 their 16 features
14 distinctive 16 features
15 clinical 16 features
17 and 18 enables
18 enables 23 and
19 confirmation 20 of
19 confirmation 23 and
20 of 22 diagnosis
21 the 22 diagnosis
23 and 26 counseling
24 exact 26 counseling
25 genetic 26 counseling

free radical mediated pathologies occupy a special place in medical semiology and in mechanistic interpretation of diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pathologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 occupy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 free 2 radical
2 radical 3 mediated
3 mediated 4 pathologies
4 pathologies 5 occupy
5 occupy 8 place
6 a 7 special
6 a 8 place
7 special 8 place
8 place 12 and
9 in 11 semiology
9 in 12 and
10 medical 11 semiology
12 and 13 in
13 in 15 interpretation
14 mechanistic 15 interpretation
15 interpretation 16 of
16 of 17 diseases

free radicals , or better reactive oxygen species ( ros ) or reactive nitrogen species ( rns ) play also an important role in cell signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 free 2 radicals
2 radicals 4 or
3 , 4 or
4 or 8 species
4 or 10 ros
4 or 12 or
5 better 7 oxygen
6 reactive 7 oxygen
7 oxygen 8 species
9 ( 10 ros
10 ros 11 )
12 or 15 species
12 or 17 rns
12 or 19 play
13 reactive 14 nitrogen
14 nitrogen 15 species
16 ( 17 rns
17 rns 18 )
19 play 20 also
19 play 23 role
19 play 24 in
21 an 23 role
22 important 23 role
24 in 26 signaling
25 cell 26 signaling

this is the basis of the ambivalent ( jekyll - hyde ) situation of ros in biology and pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 basis
3 the 4 basis
4 basis 5 of
5 of 13 situation
6 the 13 situation
7 ambivalent 9 jekyll
7 ambivalent 13 situation
8 ( 9 jekyll
9 jekyll 11 hyde
9 jekyll 12 )
10 - 11 hyde
11 hyde 12 )
13 situation 14 of
14 of 15 ros
15 ros 16 in
16 in 18 and
17 biology 18 and
18 and 19 pathology

aging itself is attributed by a popular theory to free radicals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 aging 3 is
2 itself 3 is
3 is 4 attributed
4 attributed 5 by
4 attributed 9 to
5 by 8 theory
6 a 7 popular
6 a 8 theory
7 popular 8 theory
9 to 10 free
10 free 11 radicals

a number of ros [-] scavenging substances and procedures were described without however reaching credibility for their therapeutic value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 8 and
3 of 8 and
4 ros 6 scavenging
4 ros 8 and
6 scavenging 7 substances
8 and 9 procedures
8 and 10 were
10 were 11 described
11 described 12 without
12 without 14 reaching
13 however 14 reaching
14 reaching 15 credibility
15 credibility 16 for
16 for 19 value
17 their 19 value
18 therapeutic 19 value

an interesting exception is the xanthine oxido - reductase produced ros and their role in cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exception
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 an 2 interesting
1 an 3 exception
2 interesting 3 exception
3 exception 4 is
4 is 7 oxido
5 the 7 oxido
6 xanthine 7 oxido
8 - 9 reductase
8 - 10 produced
9 reductase 10 produced
10 produced 12 and
10 produced 15 in
11 ros 12 and
12 and 14 role
13 their 14 role
15 in 17 disease
16 cardiovascular 17 disease

allopurinol inhibition of xanthine oxido - reductase was shown to be efficient in some cases of cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 allopurinol 2 inhibition
2 inhibition 3 of
2 inhibition 8 was
3 of 7 reductase
4 xanthine 7 reductase
5 oxido 6 -
5 oxido 7 reductase
8 was 9 shown
9 shown 10 to
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 efficient
12 efficient 13 in
13 in 15 cases
14 some 15 cases
15 cases 16 of
16 of 18 diseases
17 cardiovascular 18 diseases

another important aspect of xanthine oxido - reductase produced ros is their antibacterial capacity considered to be of importance with newborns fed on milk rich in this enzyme as well as at the gastrointestinal barrier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aspect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 fed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 another 3 aspect
2 important 3 aspect
3 aspect 4 of
3 aspect 8 reductase
3 aspect 9 produced
3 aspect 11 is
4 of 5 xanthine
6 oxido 7 -
6 oxido 8 reductase
8 reductase 9 produced
9 produced 10 ros
11 is 14 capacity
12 their 14 capacity
13 antibacterial 14 capacity
14 capacity 15 considered
15 considered 16 to
15 considered 17 be
16 to 17 be
17 be 18 of
17 be 20 with
18 of 19 importance
20 with 21 newborns
20 with 22 fed
22 fed 23 on
23 on 24 milk
24 milk 25 rich
25 rich 26 in
25 rich 30 well
25 rich 31 as
26 in 28 enzyme
27 this 28 enzyme
29 as 30 well
31 as 32 at
32 at 35 barrier
33 the 35 barrier
34 gastrointestinal 35 barrier

this ambivalent role of xanthine oxido - reductase justifies this review on the basic enzymatic mechanisms involved , derived ros production , their role in the [above] mentioned biological processes and especially the interest of the inhibition of this enzyme as a preventive or curative measure in some cardiovascular pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 this 3 role
2 ambivalent 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 18 ,
4 of 8 reductase
5 xanthine 8 reductase
6 oxido 7 -
6 oxido 8 reductase
9 justifies 11 review
9 justifies 12 on
9 justifies 18 ,
10 this 11 review
12 on 16 mechanisms
13 the 16 mechanisms
14 basic 16 mechanisms
15 enzymatic 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 involved
18 , 19 derived
18 , 41 as
19 derived 31 and
20 ros 21 production
21 production 22 ,
22 , 24 role
22 , 31 and
23 their 24 role
24 role 25 in
25 in 30 processes
26 the 30 processes
28 mentioned 30 processes
29 biological 30 processes
31 and 32 especially
31 and 34 interest
33 the 34 interest
34 interest 35 of
35 of 37 inhibition
36 the 37 inhibition
37 inhibition 38 of
38 of 40 enzyme
39 this 40 enzyme
41 as 46 measure
42 a 46 measure
43 preventive 44 or
44 or 45 curative
44 or 46 measure
46 measure 47 in
47 in 50 pathologies
48 some 50 pathologies
49 cardiovascular 50 pathologies

the aging immune system , so - called immunosenescence , is well documented as the cause of increased infection rates and severe , often complicated course of infections in the elderly with increased morbidity and mortality rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 4 system
2 aging 4 system
3 immune 4 system
5 , 6 so
5 , 13 documented
5 , 35 and
6 so 7 -
6 so 10 ,
8 called 9 immunosenescence
8 called 10 ,
10 , 11 is
11 is 13 documented
12 well 13 documented
13 documented 14 as
14 as 16 cause
15 the 16 cause
16 cause 17 of
17 of 21 and
18 increased 19 infection
19 infection 20 rates
20 rates 21 and
21 and 26 course
21 and 27 of
22 severe 23 ,
22 severe 26 course
24 often 25 complicated
25 complicated 26 course
27 of 28 infections
28 infections 29 in
28 infections 32 with
29 in 31 elderly
30 the 31 elderly
32 with 34 morbidity
33 increased 34 morbidity
35 and 36 mortality
35 and 37 rates
36 mortality 37 rates

furthermore , it can lead to decreased efficacy of vaccination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 it
3 it 4 can
4 can 5 lead
5 lead 6 to
6 to 8 efficacy
7 decreased 8 efficacy
8 efficacy 9 of
9 of 10 vaccination

the administration of more immunogenic vaccines can be beneficial in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 administration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 administration
2 administration 3 of
2 administration 7 can
3 of 6 vaccines
4 more 5 immunogenic
5 immunogenic 6 vaccines
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 beneficial
9 beneficial 10 in
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly

implementing vaccination recommendations for the elderly by stiko can reduce burden of infectious diseases by prevention of infection or reduction of severity of infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implementing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 implementing 3 recommendations
1 implementing 4 for
1 implementing 7 by
1 implementing 9 can
2 vaccination 3 recommendations
4 for 6 elderly
5 the 6 elderly
7 by 8 stiko
9 can 10 reduce
10 reduce 11 burden
10 reduce 15 by
11 burden 12 of
12 of 14 diseases
13 infectious 14 diseases
15 by 16 prevention
16 prevention 17 of
16 prevention 21 of
17 of 19 or
18 infection 19 or
19 or 20 reduction
21 of 22 severity
22 severity 23 of
23 of 24 infection

the following vaccinations are recommended by stiko for all persons aged 60 and above : annual influenza vaccination ( additionally all nursing home residents independently of age ) , once only pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination , completion of tetanus and diphtheria ( [td] [ )(vaccination as well as regular revaccination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vaccinations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 the 3 vaccinations
2 following 3 vaccinations
3 vaccinations 4 are
4 are 5 recommended
5 recommended 13 and
6 by 7 stiko
6 by 13 and
7 stiko 8 for
8 for 10 persons
9 all 10 persons
10 persons 11 aged
11 aged 12 60
13 and 14 above
15 : 18 vaccination
16 annual 17 influenza
17 influenza 18 vaccination
18 vaccination 22 nursing
18 vaccination 34 vaccination
19 ( 22 nursing
20 additionally 22 nursing
21 all 22 nursing
22 nursing 24 residents
22 nursing 25 independently
22 nursing 28 )
23 home 24 residents
25 independently 26 of
26 of 27 age
29 , 30 once
29 , 34 vaccination
31 only 32 pneumococcal
32 pneumococcal 33 polysaccharide
33 polysaccharide 34 vaccination
34 vaccination 36 completion
34 vaccination 50 .
35 , 36 completion
36 completion 37 of
36 completion 50 .
37 of 39 and
38 tetanus 39 and
39 and 40 diphtheria
39 and 44 )(vaccination
41 ( 44 )(vaccination
44 )(vaccination 47 as
44 )(vaccination 50 .
45 as 46 well
46 well 47 as
47 as 49 revaccination
48 regular 49 revaccination

all adults should be vaccinated against pertussis with tdap vaccine once . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 vaccinated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 all 2 adults
2 adults 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 vaccinated
5 vaccinated 6 against
5 vaccinated 8 with
5 vaccinated 11 once
6 against 7 pertussis
8 with 10 vaccine
9 tdap 10 vaccine

meanwhile , pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is allowed for administration in adults but is not recommended by stiko yet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 vaccine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 meanwhile 2 ,
1 meanwhile 5 vaccine
3 pneumococcal 5 vaccine
4 conjugate 5 vaccine
5 vaccine 12 but
6 is 7 allowed
6 is 12 but
7 allowed 8 for
7 allowed 10 in
8 for 9 administration
10 in 11 adults
12 but 13 is
13 is 14 not
13 is 16 by
13 is 18 yet
14 not 15 recommended
16 by 17 stiko

a lifelong course of vaccination may help to attenuate the effect of immunosenescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 course
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 lifelong
1 a 3 course
2 lifelong 3 course
3 course 4 of
3 course 6 may
4 of 5 vaccination
6 may 7 help
7 help 8 to
7 help 9 attenuate
8 to 9 attenuate
9 attenuate 11 effect
10 the 11 effect
11 effect 12 of
12 of 13 immunosenescence

aging can be defined as the result of accumulated cellular damage and deregulation of the epigenome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aging 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
5 as 7 result
6 the 7 result
7 result 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 accumulated 11 damage
10 cellular 11 damage
11 damage 12 and
12 and 13 deregulation
12 and 14 of
14 of 16 epigenome
15 the 16 epigenome

these changes cause impaired cell maintenance systems , reduced tissue regeneration , weakening of the immune system and increased risk of malignancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 cause
3 cause 7 systems
4 impaired 5 cell
5 cell 6 maintenance
6 maintenance 7 systems
8 , 18 and
9 reduced 10 tissue
10 tissue 11 regeneration
11 regeneration 12 ,
12 , 13 weakening
12 , 18 and
13 weakening 14 of
14 of 17 system
15 the 17 system
16 immune 17 system
18 and 20 risk
18 and 21 of
19 increased 20 risk
21 of 22 malignancy

the higher mortality rate in older individuals is a result of these pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 4 rate
2 higher 3 mortality
3 mortality 4 rate
4 rate 5 in
4 rate 8 is
5 in 7 individuals
6 older 7 individuals
8 is 10 result
9 a 10 result
10 result 11 of
11 of 13 pathologies
12 these 13 pathologies

the study of age - related changes in adult stem cells and their regenerative potential is crucial to our understanding of the physical deterioration of organs and tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 of
2 study 16 is
3 of 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 changes
6 related 8 in
6 related 16 is
8 in 12 and
9 adult 11 cells
10 stem 11 cells
11 cells 12 and
12 and 15 potential
13 their 15 potential
14 regenerative 15 potential
16 is 17 crucial
17 crucial 18 to
18 to 20 understanding
19 our 20 understanding
20 understanding 21 of
21 of 24 deterioration
22 the 24 deterioration
23 physical 24 deterioration
24 deterioration 25 of
25 of 27 and
26 organs 27 and
27 and 28 tissues

the growing interest and knowledge in the field of micrornas adds a further dimension to this field of research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 interest
2 growing 3 interest
4 and 5 knowledge
4 and 11 adds
5 knowledge 6 in
5 knowledge 11 adds
6 in 8 field
7 the 8 field
8 field 9 of
9 of 10 micrornas
11 adds 14 dimension
11 adds 15 to
12 a 14 dimension
13 further 14 dimension
15 to 17 field
16 this 17 field
17 field 18 of
18 of 19 research

micrornas are important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 micrornas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 micrornas 2 are
2 are 5 regulators
3 important 5 regulators
4 posttranscriptional 5 regulators
5 regulators 6 of
6 of 8 expression
7 gene 8 expression

they co - regulate stem cell properties such as potency , differentiation , self - renewal and senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 co
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 they 2 co
3 - 4 regulate
3 - 13 ,
4 regulate 7 properties
5 stem 7 properties
6 cell 7 properties
7 properties 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 10 potency
10 potency 12 differentiation
11 , 12 differentiation
12 differentiation 13 ,
13 , 14 self
13 , 15 -
15 - 17 and
15 - 19 .
16 renewal 17 and
17 and 18 senescence

various cell systems , e.g . defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen radicals ( ros ) , dna repair and apoptosis are regulated by micrornas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 systems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 e.g
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 various 2 cell
2 cell 3 systems
4 , 5 e.g
6 . 19 and
6 . 22 regulated
6 . 25 .
7 defense 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 against
8 mechanisms 16 ,
9 against 12 radicals
10 reactive 11 oxygen
11 oxygen 12 radicals
12 radicals 14 ros
13 ( 14 ros
14 ros 15 )
16 , 18 repair
16 , 19 and
17 dna 18 repair
19 and 20 apoptosis
19 and 21 are
21 are 22 regulated
22 regulated 23 by
23 by 24 micrornas

these properties and the assumption that micrornas [act] as some kind of general switch make them highly relevant in aging research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 properties
2 properties 3 and
3 and 5 assumption
3 and 6 that
3 and 15 make
3 and 18 relevant
4 the 5 assumption
6 that 7 micrornas
6 that 15 make
7 micrornas 9 as
7 micrornas 15 make
9 as 14 switch
10 some 14 switch
11 kind 12 of
12 of 13 general
13 general 14 switch
15 make 16 them
17 highly 18 relevant
18 relevant 19 in
19 in 20 aging
20 aging 21 research

bolivian immigrants in brazil experience serious social problems : precarious work conditions , lack of documents and insufficient access to health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 immigrants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 bolivian 2 immigrants
2 immigrants 3 in
2 immigrants 5 experience
3 in 4 brazil
5 experience 8 problems
6 serious 8 problems
7 social 8 problems
9 : 17 and
9 : 23 .
10 precarious 11 work
11 work 12 conditions
12 conditions 13 ,
13 , 14 lack
13 , 17 and
14 lack 15 of
15 of 16 documents
17 and 19 access
17 and 20 to
18 insufficient 19 access
20 to 22 services
21 health 22 services

the study aimed to investigate inequalities in living conditions and access to health services among bolivian immigrants living in the central area of são paulo , brazil , using a cross - sectional design and semi - structured interviews with 183 adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
2 study 7 in
2 study 10 and
3 aimed 4 to
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 6 inequalities
7 in 9 conditions
8 living 9 conditions
10 and 11 access
10 and 12 to
10 and 15 among
10 and 18 living
12 to 14 services
13 health 14 services
15 among 17 immigrants
16 bolivian 17 immigrants
18 living 19 in
19 in 22 area
20 the 22 area
21 central 22 area
22 area 23 of
22 area 29 using
23 of 25 paulo
24 são 25 paulo
25 paulo 27 brazil
26 , 27 brazil
27 brazil 28 ,
29 using 31 cross
30 a 31 cross
32 - 35 and
32 - 43 .
33 sectional 34 design
34 design 35 and
35 and 39 interviews
35 and 40 with
36 semi 37 -
36 semi 39 interviews
38 structured 39 interviews
40 with 42 adults
41 183 42 adults

according to the data , the immigrants tend to remain in brazil , thus resulting in an aging process in the group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 immigrants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tend
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 data
2 to 5 ,
2 to 7 immigrants
3 the 4 data
6 the 7 immigrants
7 immigrants 8 tend
8 tend 9 to
8 tend 10 remain
9 to 10 remain
10 remain 11 in
11 in 12 brazil
12 brazil 15 resulting
13 , 15 resulting
14 thus 15 resulting
15 resulting 16 in
15 resulting 20 in
15 resulting 23 .
16 in 19 process
17 an 19 process
18 aging 19 process
20 in 22 group
21 the 22 group

[per] capita income increases the longer [the] immigrants stay in the country . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 income
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 capita 3 income
3 income 4 increases
4 increases 9 stay
4 increases 10 in
5 the 9 stay
6 longer 8 immigrants
8 immigrants 9 stay
10 in 12 country
11 the 12 country

the majority have secondary schooling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 have
3 have 5 schooling
4 secondary 5 schooling

work status does not vary according to time since [arrival] in brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 work 2 status
2 status 3 does
3 does 4 not
3 does 5 vary
5 vary 7 to
5 vary 9 since
5 vary 11 in
6 according 7 to
7 to 8 time
11 in 12 brazil

the immigrants work and live in garment sweatshops and speak their original languages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 immigrants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 immigrants
2 immigrants 4 and
3 work 4 and
4 and 9 and
5 live 6 in
5 live 9 and
6 in 8 sweatshops
7 garment 8 sweatshops
9 and 10 speak
10 speak 13 languages
11 their 13 languages
12 original 13 languages

social networks are based on ties with family and friends . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 social 2 networks
2 networks 3 are
3 are 4 based
4 based 5 on
4 based 7 with
5 on 6 ties
7 with 9 and
8 family 9 and
9 and 10 friends

access to health services shows increasing inclusion in primary care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 access
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 services
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 access 2 to
1 access 4 services
2 to 3 health
4 services 5 shows
5 shows 6 increasing
6 increasing 7 inclusion
6 increasing 8 in
8 in 10 care
9 primary 10 care

the authors conclude that the immigrants ' social exclusion is decreasing due to greater access to documentation , work ( although precarious [ )(, and the supply of health services from the public primary care [system] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 conclude
3 conclude 4 that
4 that 9 exclusion
4 that 10 is
5 the 6 immigrants
6 immigrants 7 '
7 ' 9 exclusion
8 social 9 exclusion
9 exclusion 10 is
10 is 11 decreasing
11 decreasing 13 to
11 decreasing 16 to
12 due 13 to
13 to 15 access
14 greater 15 access
16 to 17 documentation
18 , 19 work
19 work 21 although
20 ( 21 although
21 although 25 and
22 precarious 25 and
24 )(, 25 and
25 and 27 supply
25 and 31 from
25 and 35 care
26 the 27 supply
27 supply 28 of
28 of 30 services
29 health 30 services
31 from 34 primary
32 the 34 primary
33 public 34 primary

the present study aimed to analyze the responses to autophagy in osteoarthritis ( oa ) and aging chondrocytes in order to elucidate the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 11 in
5 to 6 analyze
6 analyze 8 responses
6 analyze 9 to
7 the 8 responses
9 to 10 autophagy
11 in 12 osteoarthritis
12 osteoarthritis 14 oa
13 ( 14 oa
14 oa 15 )
16 and 17 aging
16 and 18 chondrocytes
17 aging 18 chondrocytes
18 chondrocytes 19 in
18 chondrocytes 21 to
19 in 20 order
21 to 22 elucidate
22 elucidate 24 role
22 elucidate 27 in
23 the 24 role
24 role 25 of
25 of 26 autophagy
27 in 29 pathogenesis
28 the 29 pathogenesis
29 pathogenesis 30 of
30 of 31 oa

we used multiple assays to confirm that autophagic activity was downregulated in chondrocytes of aged articular cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 assays
2 used 5 to
2 used 6 confirm
3 multiple 4 assays
5 to 6 confirm
6 confirm 7 that
7 that 9 activity
7 that 11 downregulated
8 autophagic 9 activity
9 activity 10 was
10 was 11 downregulated
11 downregulated 12 in
12 in 13 chondrocytes
13 chondrocytes 14 of
14 of 17 cartilage
15 aged 17 cartilage
16 articular 17 cartilage

surprisingly , we found that the expression of autophagy - related proteins was not decreased in the tissues of patients with oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 surprisingly 2 ,
1 surprisingly 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 7 expression
5 that 13 was
6 the 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 13 was
8 of 9 autophagy
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 proteins
11 related 13 was
13 was 14 not
13 was 16 in
13 was 21 with
14 not 15 decreased
16 in 18 tissues
17 the 18 tissues
18 tissues 19 of
19 of 20 patients
21 with 22 oa

we also observed that rapamycin - induced autophagy prevented the accumulation of subdiploid cells in young chondrocytes , while it induced cell death by autophagy in oa chondrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 we 3 observed
2 also 3 observed
3 observed 5 rapamycin
4 that 5 rapamycin
6 - 8 autophagy
6 - 9 prevented
7 induced 8 autophagy
8 autophagy 9 prevented
9 prevented 11 accumulation
9 prevented 15 in
9 prevented 19 while
10 the 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 of
12 of 14 cells
13 subdiploid 14 cells
15 in 17 chondrocytes
16 young 17 chondrocytes
18 , 19 while
19 while 20 it
19 while 21 induced
19 while 29 .
20 it 21 induced
21 induced 23 death
21 induced 24 by
21 induced 26 in
22 cell 23 death
24 by 25 autophagy
26 in 28 chondrocytes
27 oa 28 chondrocytes

our results demonstrate that autophagic activity decreases with aging , and may be responsible for the cytoprotective effects in young cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 activity
4 that 11 and
5 autophagic 6 activity
6 activity 11 and
7 decreases 8 with
7 decreases 11 and
8 with 9 aging
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 responsible
14 responsible 15 for
14 responsible 19 in
15 for 18 effects
16 the 18 effects
17 cytoprotective 18 effects
19 in 21 cartilage
20 young 21 cartilage

however , we found that autophagic activity in patients with oa was higher than in the aging group , and reported autophagic cell death in oa chondrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 we
3 we 20 and
4 found 5 that
4 found 20 and
5 that 7 activity
5 that 12 was
6 autophagic 7 activity
7 activity 8 in
7 activity 10 with
7 activity 12 was
8 in 9 patients
10 with 11 oa
12 was 13 higher
13 higher 14 than
14 than 15 in
15 in 18 group
16 the 18 group
17 aging 18 group
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 reported
20 and 25 in
21 reported 24 death
22 autophagic 23 cell
23 cell 24 death
25 in 27 chondrocytes
26 oa 27 chondrocytes

these results suggest that autophagy plays [both] a cytoprotective and death - promoting role in the pathogenesis of oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 autophagy
4 that 6 plays
5 autophagy 6 plays
6 plays 14 role
6 plays 15 in
8 a 14 role
9 cytoprotective 10 and
10 and 11 death
10 and 12 -
10 and 14 role
13 promoting 14 role
15 in 17 pathogenesis
16 the 17 pathogenesis
17 pathogenesis 18 of
18 of 19 oa

[the] [non] - enzymatic reaction between glucose and protein can be chemically reversed by transglycation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reversed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
3 - 5 reaction
4 enzymatic 5 reaction
5 reaction 6 between
5 reaction 10 can
6 between 8 and
7 glucose 8 and
8 and 9 protein
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 chemically
11 be 13 reversed
13 reversed 14 by
14 by 15 transglycation

here we report the transglycation activity of hydralazine using a newly developed maldi - tof - ms based assay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 report
3 report 6 activity
4 the 6 activity
5 transglycation 6 activity
6 activity 7 of
7 of 8 hydralazine
8 hydralazine 9 using
9 using 19 assay
10 a 19 assay
11 newly 12 developed
12 developed 19 assay
13 maldi 15 tof
14 - 15 tof
15 tof 16 -
15 tof 17 ms
16 - 17 ms
17 ms 18 based
18 based 19 assay

hydralazine mediated transglycation of hba1c , plasma proteins and kidney proteins was demonstrated in streptozotocin ( stz ) induced diabetic mice , as evidenced by decrease in protein glycation , as well as presence of hydralazine - glucose conjugate in urine of diabetic mice treated with hydralazine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hydralazine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 evidenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 hydralazine 2 mediated
1 hydralazine 3 transglycation
1 hydralazine 12 was
1 hydralazine 13 demonstrated
3 transglycation 4 of
3 transglycation 12 was
4 of 9 and
5 hba1c 6 ,
6 , 8 proteins
6 , 9 and
7 plasma 8 proteins
9 and 11 proteins
10 kidney 11 proteins
13 demonstrated 14 in
13 demonstrated 21 mice
13 demonstrated 23 as
14 in 15 streptozotocin
15 streptozotocin 17 stz
16 ( 17 stz
17 stz 18 )
19 induced 21 mice
20 diabetic 21 mice
22 , 23 as
23 as 24 evidenced
24 evidenced 25 by
24 evidenced 27 in
24 evidenced 38 glucose
25 by 26 decrease
27 in 29 glycation
28 protein 29 glycation
29 glycation 33 as
30 , 33 as
31 as 32 well
32 well 33 as
33 as 34 presence
33 as 37 -
34 presence 35 of
35 of 36 hydralazine
38 glucose 39 conjugate
39 conjugate 40 in
39 conjugate 46 with
40 in 41 urine
41 urine 42 of
41 urine 45 treated
42 of 44 mice
43 diabetic 44 mice
46 with 47 hydralazine

hydralazine [down] regulated the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products ( rage ) , nadph oxidase ( nox ) , and super oxide dismutase ( sod ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hydralazine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 hydralazine 3 regulated
3 regulated 23 and
4 the 5 expression
5 expression 6 of
5 expression 8 for
5 expression 23 and
6 of 7 receptor
8 for 12 products
9 advanced 12 products
10 glycation 11 end
11 end 12 products
12 products 14 rage
12 products 18 oxidase
13 ( 14 rage
14 rage 15 )
16 , 18 oxidase
17 nadph 18 oxidase
18 oxidase 20 nox
18 oxidase 22 ,
19 ( 20 nox
20 nox 21 )
23 and 26 dismutase
23 and 28 sod
24 super 26 dismutase
25 oxide 26 dismutase
27 ( 28 sod
28 sod 29 )

these findings will provide a new dimension for developing intervention strategies for the treatment of glycation associated diseases such as diabetes complications , atherosclerosis , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 will
3 will 4 provide
4 provide 7 dimension
4 provide 8 for
4 provide 12 for
5 a 6 new
5 a 7 dimension
6 new 7 dimension
8 for 9 developing
9 developing 11 strategies
10 intervention 11 strategies
12 for 14 treatment
13 the 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 of
15 of 18 diseases
16 glycation 17 associated
17 associated 18 diseases
18 diseases 20 as
19 such 20 as
20 as 26 and
21 diabetes 22 complications
22 complications 23 ,
23 , 24 atherosclerosis
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 aging

the goal of this study is to investigate the familial transmission of the spectrum of bipolar disorder in a nonclinical sample of probands with a broad range of manifestations of mood disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 11 transmission
8 investigate 18 in
8 investigate 24 with
9 the 11 transmission
10 familial 11 transmission
11 transmission 12 of
12 of 14 spectrum
13 the 14 spectrum
14 spectrum 15 of
15 of 17 disorder
16 bipolar 17 disorder
18 in 21 sample
19 a 20 nonclinical
19 a 21 sample
20 nonclinical 21 sample
21 sample 22 of
22 of 23 probands
24 with 27 range
25 a 26 broad
25 a 27 range
26 broad 27 range
27 range 28 of
28 of 29 manifestations
29 manifestations 30 of
30 of 32 disorders
31 mood 32 disorders

the sample included a total of 447 probands recruited from a clinically enriched community screening and their 2082 adult living and deceased first - degree relatives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 21 and
3 included 16 and
3 included 21 and
4 a 5 total
5 total 6 of
5 total 16 and
6 of 7 447
7 447 8 probands
7 447 15 screening
8 probands 9 recruited
9 recruited 10 from
10 from 14 community
11 a 14 community
12 clinically 13 enriched
13 enriched 14 community
14 community 15 screening
16 and 20 living
17 their 20 living
18 2082 20 living
19 adult 20 living
21 and 22 deceased
21 and 23 first
24 - 26 relatives
24 - 27 .
25 degree 26 relatives

[a] best estimate diagnostic procedure that was based on either direct semistructured interview or structured family history information from multiple informants regarding [non] [-] interviewed relatives was employed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 best
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 best 5 procedure
2 best 9 on
3 estimate 5 procedure
4 diagnostic 5 procedure
5 procedure 6 that
5 procedure 7 was
6 that 7 was
7 was 8 based
9 on 13 interview
10 either 13 interview
11 direct 13 interview
12 semistructured 13 interview
14 or 18 information
14 or 27 was
15 structured 18 information
16 family 18 information
17 history 18 information
18 information 19 from
18 information 27 was
19 from 21 informants
20 multiple 21 informants
21 informants 22 regarding
22 regarding 26 relatives
25 interviewed 26 relatives
27 was 28 employed

results revealed that there was specificity of familial aggregation of bipolar [i] [(] bp i [;] odds ratio ( or )=8.40 [;] 3.27 - 20.97 [;] h2=0.83 ) [and] major depressive disorder ( or=2.26 [;] 1.58 - 3.22 [;] h2=0.20 ) , but not bp ii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
1 results 2 revealed
2 revealed 3 that
2 revealed 5 was
3 that 4 there
3 that 5 was
5 was 6 specificity
6 specificity 7 of
7 of 9 aggregation
8 familial 9 aggregation
9 aggregation 10 of
10 of 18 ratio
11 bipolar 18 ratio
14 bp 15 i
14 bp 18 ratio
17 odds 18 ratio
18 ratio 24 -
19 ( 24 -
20 or 21 )=8.40
21 )=8.40 23 3.27
21 )=8.40 24 -
24 - 32 disorder
25 20.97 32 disorder
27 h2=0.83 28 )
27 h2=0.83 32 disorder
30 major 32 disorder
31 depressive 32 disorder
32 disorder 34 or=2.26
32 disorder 43 but
33 ( 34 or=2.26
34 or=2.26 37 -
34 or=2.26 40 h2=0.20
34 or=2.26 41 )
36 1.58 37 -
37 - 38 3.22
37 - 40 h2=0.20
42 , 43 but
43 but 44 not
43 but 45 bp
43 but 47 .
45 bp 46 ii

the familial aggregation of bp i was primarily attributable to the familial specificity of manic episodes after adjusting for both proband and relative comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aggregation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 proband
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 aggregation
2 familial 3 aggregation
3 aggregation 4 of
3 aggregation 7 was
4 of 5 bp
5 bp 6 i
7 was 8 primarily
7 was 9 attributable
9 attributable 10 to
9 attributable 17 after
10 to 13 specificity
11 the 13 specificity
12 familial 13 specificity
13 specificity 14 of
14 of 16 episodes
15 manic 16 episodes
17 after 18 adjusting
18 adjusting 19 for
19 for 20 both
20 both 21 proband
22 and 26 and
22 and 28 use
23 relative 25 anxiety
24 comorbid 25 anxiety
25 anxiety 26 and
26 and 27 substance
26 and 28 use
28 use 29 disorders

there was no significant cross - aggregation between mood disorder subtypes suggesting that the familial transmission of manic and major depressive episodes is independent despite the high magnitude of comorbidity between these mood states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 cross
3 no 5 cross
4 significant 5 cross
6 - 7 aggregation
6 - 11 subtypes
7 aggregation 8 between
7 aggregation 11 subtypes
8 between 10 disorder
9 mood 10 disorder
11 subtypes 12 suggesting
11 subtypes 31 between
12 suggesting 13 that
12 suggesting 23 is
12 suggesting 24 independent
13 that 16 transmission
13 that 23 is
14 the 16 transmission
15 familial 16 transmission
16 transmission 17 of
16 transmission 23 is
17 of 22 episodes
18 manic 19 and
19 and 20 major
19 and 22 episodes
21 depressive 22 episodes
24 independent 25 despite
25 despite 28 magnitude
26 the 28 magnitude
27 high 28 magnitude
28 magnitude 29 of
29 of 30 comorbidity
31 between 34 states
32 these 34 states
33 mood 34 states

these findings confirm those of earlier studies of the familial aggregation of bipolar disorder and major depression in the first nonclinical sample , and the largest family study of bipolar disorder in the usa using contemporary nonhierarchical diagnostic criteria for mood [and] anxiety disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 confirm
3 confirm 15 and
3 confirm 18 in
4 those 5 of
4 those 15 and
5 of 7 studies
6 earlier 7 studies
7 studies 8 of
8 of 11 aggregation
9 the 11 aggregation
10 familial 11 aggregation
11 aggregation 12 of
12 of 14 disorder
13 bipolar 14 disorder
15 and 17 depression
16 major 17 depression
18 in 24 and
19 the 22 sample
20 first 22 sample
21 nonclinical 22 sample
22 sample 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 28 study
25 the 26 largest
25 the 28 study
27 family 28 study
28 study 29 of
28 study 32 in
28 study 40 for
29 of 31 disorder
30 bipolar 31 disorder
32 in 34 usa
33 the 34 usa
34 usa 35 using
35 using 39 criteria
36 contemporary 38 diagnostic
37 nonhierarchical 38 diagnostic
38 diagnostic 39 criteria
40 for 44 disorders
41 mood 43 anxiety
43 anxiety 44 disorders

the results suggest that these major components of bipolar disorder may represent distinct underlying pathways rather than increasingly severe manifestations of [a] common underlying diathesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 components
4 that 12 represent
5 these 7 components
6 major 7 components
7 components 8 of
7 components 11 may
8 of 10 disorder
9 bipolar 10 disorder
11 may 12 represent
12 represent 15 pathways
12 represent 17 than
13 distinct 15 pathways
14 underlying 15 pathways
16 rather 17 than
17 than 20 manifestations
18 increasingly 19 severe
19 severe 20 manifestations
20 manifestations 21 of
21 of 25 diathesis
23 common 25 diathesis
24 underlying 25 diathesis

therefore , dissection of the broad bipolar phenotype in genetic studies could actually generate new findings that could index novel biologic pathways underlying bipolar disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dissection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 generate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 dissection
3 dissection 4 of
3 dissection 12 could
4 of 8 phenotype
5 the 8 phenotype
6 broad 8 phenotype
7 bipolar 8 phenotype
8 phenotype 9 in
9 in 11 studies
10 genetic 11 studies
12 could 14 generate
13 actually 14 generate
14 generate 16 findings
15 new 16 findings
16 findings 17 that
16 findings 18 could
17 that 18 could
18 could 19 index
19 index 22 pathways
20 novel 22 pathways
21 biologic 22 pathways
22 pathways 23 underlying
23 underlying 25 disorder
24 bipolar 25 disorder

study design : scoping review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 4 scoping
4 scoping 5 review

objectives : to gain a better understanding of the prevalence , course and association with age of secondary health conditions in individuals with spinal cord injury ( sci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 gain
3 to 4 gain
4 gain 7 understanding
5 a 7 understanding
6 better 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
7 understanding 15 with
8 of 13 and
9 the 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 ,
11 , 12 course
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 association
15 with 16 age
16 age 17 of
16 age 28 sci
17 of 20 conditions
18 secondary 19 health
19 health 20 conditions
20 conditions 21 in
20 conditions 23 with
21 in 22 individuals
23 with 26 injury
24 spinal 25 cord
25 cord 26 injury
27 ( 28 sci
28 sci 29 )

setting : seattle , washington , usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 seattle
3 seattle 5 washington
4 , 5 washington
5 washington 6 ,
6 , 7 usa

methods : we performed searches of electronic databases for studies published from 1986 - 2011 that provided information regarding the prevalence , course or associations with age and duration of secondary health conditions in individuals with sci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 24 or
4 performed 34 in
4 performed 36 with
5 searches 6 of
5 searches 24 or
6 of 8 databases
7 electronic 8 databases
8 databases 9 for
9 for 10 studies
10 studies 11 published
10 studies 12 from
10 studies 16 that
10 studies 22 ,
12 from 14 -
13 1986 14 -
14 - 15 2011
16 that 22 ,
17 provided 18 information
17 provided 22 ,
18 information 19 regarding
19 regarding 21 prevalence
20 the 21 prevalence
22 , 23 course
24 or 25 associations
24 or 30 of
25 associations 26 with
26 with 28 and
27 age 28 and
28 and 29 duration
30 of 33 conditions
31 secondary 32 health
32 health 33 conditions
34 in 35 individuals
36 with 37 sci

results : ninety - two studies were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 studies
2 : 8 included
2 : 9 .
3 ninety 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 studies
6 studies 7 were
7 were 8 included

conclusions : the findings support the conclusion that individuals with sci show signs of ['] premature aging ['] in different organ systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 support
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 support
5 support 7 conclusion
6 the 7 conclusion
7 conclusion 8 that
8 that 9 individuals
8 that 12 show
9 individuals 10 with
9 individuals 12 show
10 with 11 sci
12 show 13 signs
12 show 19 in
13 signs 14 of
14 of 17 aging
16 premature 17 aging
19 in 22 systems
20 different 21 organ
21 organ 22 systems

longitudinal research is needed to understand when problems are most likely to emerge , and to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these health conditions and their negative impact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 longitudinal 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 7 when
5 to 6 understand
7 when 8 problems
7 when 9 are
8 problems 9 are
9 are 10 most
10 most 11 likely
10 most 22 of
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 15 and
12 to 15 and
13 emerge 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 to
15 and 18 and
16 to 18 and
17 develop 18 and
18 and 19 test
19 test 21 efficacy
20 the 21 efficacy
22 of 23 interventions
23 interventions 24 to
23 interventions 25 prevent
24 to 25 prevent
25 prevent 29 and
26 these 28 conditions
27 health 28 conditions
28 conditions 29 and
29 and 32 impact
30 their 32 impact
31 negative 32 impact

purpose of review : fungal [endocarditis] remains a rare disease occurring mostly in patients with predisposing host conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 5 fungal
4 : 7 remains
4 : 19 .
5 fungal 7 remains
7 remains 10 disease
8 a 9 rare
8 a 10 disease
9 rare 10 disease
10 disease 11 occurring
11 occurring 12 mostly
11 occurring 15 with
12 mostly 13 in
13 in 14 patients
15 with 16 predisposing
16 predisposing 18 conditions
17 host 18 conditions

regarding its poor prognosis because of severe complications , there is an urgent need for properly established treatment guidelines and prophylaxis for patients at risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 regarding 4 prognosis
1 regarding 5 because
1 regarding 9 ,
1 regarding 10 there
2 its 4 prognosis
3 poor 4 prognosis
5 because 6 of
6 of 8 complications
7 severe 8 complications
10 there 11 is
11 is 14 need
12 an 13 urgent
12 an 14 need
13 urgent 14 need
14 need 15 for
14 need 22 for
15 for 20 and
16 properly 17 established
17 established 18 treatment
18 treatment 19 guidelines
19 guidelines 20 and
20 and 21 prophylaxis
22 for 23 patients
23 patients 24 at
24 at 25 risk

in this review we provide up - to [-] date information on treatment recommendations , and [discuss] recent case reports on fungal endocarditis and challenges in prophylaxis and treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 provide
5 provide 20 reports
5 provide 21 on
5 provide 26 in
6 up 8 to
6 up 16 and
7 - 8 to
8 to 10 date
8 to 15 ,
10 date 11 information
10 date 12 on
12 on 14 recommendations
13 treatment 14 recommendations
16 and 18 recent
16 and 19 case
19 case 20 reports
21 on 24 and
22 fungal 23 endocarditis
23 endocarditis 24 and
24 and 25 challenges
26 in 28 and
27 prophylaxis 28 and
28 and 29 treatment

recent findings : over the last year , an increase in cases caused by [non] [-] albicans species of candida and other fungi like fusarium solani , lodderomyces elongisporus and exophiala dermatitidis was reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 recent 2 findings
2 findings 3 :
3 : 4 over
4 over 7 year
5 the 7 year
6 last 7 year
8 , 10 increase
8 , 34 reported
9 an 10 increase
10 increase 11 in
10 increase 13 caused
10 increase 33 was
11 in 12 cases
13 caused 14 by
13 caused 24 like
14 by 21 and
17 albicans 18 species
18 species 19 of
18 species 21 and
19 of 20 candida
21 and 23 fungi
22 other 23 fungi
24 like 30 and
25 fusarium 26 solani
26 solani 27 ,
27 , 29 elongisporus
27 , 30 and
28 lodderomyces 29 elongisporus
30 and 32 dermatitidis
31 exophiala 32 dermatitidis
33 was 34 reported

they were treated individually in case - by [-] case approaches , lacking randomized controlled trials and [,] mostly [,] treatment recommendations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 treated
3 treated 4 individually
3 treated 6 case
5 in 6 case
6 case 13 lacking
6 case 15 controlled
7 - 8 by
8 by 11 approaches
8 by 12 ,
8 by 13 lacking
10 case 11 approaches
13 lacking 14 randomized
13 lacking 15 controlled
15 controlled 17 and
16 trials 17 and
17 and 19 mostly
17 and 22 recommendations
21 treatment 22 recommendations

summary : the scarcity of fungal endocarditis demands a high index of suspicion and knowledge of the group of at [-] risk patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 scarcity
2 : 8 demands
2 : 24 .
3 the 4 scarcity
4 scarcity 5 of
4 scarcity 8 demands
5 of 7 endocarditis
6 fungal 7 endocarditis
8 demands 11 index
9 a 10 high
9 a 11 index
10 high 11 index
11 index 12 of
11 index 16 of
12 of 14 and
13 suspicion 14 and
14 and 15 knowledge
16 of 18 group
17 the 18 group
18 group 19 of
19 of 20 at
20 at 23 patients
22 risk 23 patients

diagnosis aggressively pursued by echocardiography and multiple blood cultures or surgical specimens has the potential to improve [outcome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 diagnosis 3 pursued
1 diagnosis 13 has
2 aggressively 3 pursued
3 pursued 4 by
4 by 10 or
5 echocardiography 6 and
6 and 9 cultures
6 and 10 or
7 multiple 9 cultures
8 blood 9 cultures
10 or 12 specimens
11 surgical 12 specimens
13 has 15 potential
13 has 16 to
14 the 15 potential
16 to 17 improve

candida endocarditis should be treated immediately , including surgical treatment in combination [with] liposomal amphotericin b or caspofungin with optional addition of flucytosine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endocarditis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treated
1 candida 2 endocarditis
2 endocarditis 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 treated
5 treated 6 immediately
5 treated 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 10 treatment
8 including 11 in
8 including 19 with
8 including 24 .
9 surgical 10 treatment
11 in 17 or
12 combination 15 amphotericin
14 liposomal 15 amphotericin
15 amphotericin 16 b
15 amphotericin 17 or
17 or 18 caspofungin
19 with 21 addition
20 optional 21 addition
21 addition 22 of
22 of 23 flucytosine

aspergillus [endocarditis] requires rapid surgery and voriconazole . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aspergillus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 aspergillus 3 requires
3 requires 6 and
4 rapid 5 surgery
5 surgery 6 and
6 and 7 voriconazole

structural brain abnormalities are central to schizophrenia ( sz ) , but it remains unknown whether they are linked to dysmaturational processes crossing diagnostic boundaries , aggravating across disease stages , and driving the neurodiagnostic signature of the illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 structural 2 brain
2 brain 3 abnormalities
3 abnormalities 4 are
4 are 5 central
5 central 6 to
6 to 7 schizophrenia
7 schizophrenia 9 sz
8 ( 9 sz
9 sz 10 )
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 it
12 but 14 remains
13 it 14 remains
14 remains 15 unknown
15 unknown 16 whether
16 whether 17 they
16 whether 18 are
17 they 18 are
18 are 32 and
19 linked 20 to
19 linked 25 boundaries
19 linked 32 and
20 to 22 processes
21 dysmaturational 22 processes
23 crossing 25 boundaries
24 diagnostic 25 boundaries
25 boundaries 27 aggravating
26 , 27 aggravating
27 aggravating 28 across
27 aggravating 30 stages
27 aggravating 31 ,
28 across 29 disease
32 and 33 driving
32 and 36 signature
34 the 36 signature
35 neurodiagnostic 36 signature
36 signature 37 of
37 of 39 illness
38 the 39 illness

this deviation was measured as [difference] between chronological and the neuroanatomical age ( brain age gap estimation [ brainage ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deviation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 deviation
2 deviation 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 as
5 as 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 chronological 9 and
9 and 12 age
9 and 17 estimation
10 the 12 age
11 neuroanatomical 12 age
13 ( 17 estimation
14 brain 17 estimation
15 age 17 estimation
16 gap 17 estimation
17 estimation 19 brainage
17 estimation 21 )
18 [ 19 brainage
19 brainage 20 ]

neuroanatomical age was determined by a machine learning system trained to individually estimate age from the structural magnetic resonance imagings of 800 healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 neuroanatomical 2 age
2 age 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
4 determined 11 to
4 determined 13 estimate
5 by 9 system
6 a 9 system
7 machine 9 system
8 learning 9 system
9 system 10 trained
11 to 13 estimate
12 individually 13 estimate
13 estimate 14 age
13 estimate 15 from
15 from 20 imagings
16 the 20 imagings
17 structural 19 resonance
18 magnetic 19 resonance
19 resonance 20 imagings
20 imagings 21 of
21 of 24 controls
22 800 24 controls
23 healthy 24 controls

group - level analyses showed that brainage was [highest] in sz ( +5.5 [y] ) [group] , followed by md ( +4.0 ) , bpd ( +3.1 ) , and the arms ( +1.7 ) groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
1 group 2 -
1 group 4 analyses
3 level 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 7 brainage
6 that 17 ,
7 brainage 17 ,
8 was 10 in
8 was 17 ,
10 in 11 sz
11 sz 13 +5.5
12 ( 13 +5.5
13 +5.5 15 )
17 , 18 followed
17 , 19 by
19 by 30 and
20 md 22 +4.0
20 md 24 ,
21 ( 22 +4.0
22 +4.0 23 )
24 , 25 bpd
24 , 30 and
25 bpd 27 +3.1
26 ( 27 +3.1
27 +3.1 28 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 arms
30 and 36 groups
31 the 32 arms
33 ( 36 groups
34 +1.7 35 )
34 +1.7 36 groups
36 groups 37 .

earlier disease [onset] in md and bpd groups correlated with more pronounced brainage , reaching effect sizes of the sz group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 earlier 2 disease
2 disease 4 in
2 disease 6 and
4 in 5 md
6 and 7 bpd
6 and 8 groups
6 and 12 pronounced
8 groups 9 correlated
8 groups 10 with
8 groups 12 pronounced
10 with 11 more
12 pronounced 13 brainage
14 , 17 sizes
14 , 21 group
15 reaching 17 sizes
16 effect 17 sizes
17 sizes 18 of
17 sizes 21 group
18 of 20 sz
19 the 20 sz

second , brainage increased across [at] [-] risk , recent onset , and recurrent states of sz . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brainage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 3 brainage
3 brainage 4 increased
4 increased 5 across
5 across 13 and
8 risk 9 ,
9 , 11 onset
9 , 13 and
10 recent 11 onset
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 states
13 and 16 of
14 recurrent 15 states
16 of 17 sz

finally , brainage predicted both patient status as well as negative and disorganized symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brainage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 brainage
3 brainage 12 and
4 predicted 7 status
4 predicted 9 well
4 predicted 10 as
4 predicted 12 and
5 both 6 patient
6 patient 7 status
8 as 9 well
10 as 11 negative
12 and 13 disorganized
13 disorganized 14 symptoms

these findings suggest that an individually quantifiable " accelerated aging " effect may particularly impact [on] the neuroanatomical signature of sz but may extend also to other mental disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 12 effect
4 that 22 but
5 an 6 individually
5 an 12 effect
6 individually 7 quantifiable
7 quantifiable 8 "
7 quantifiable 12 effect
9 accelerated 12 effect
10 aging 11 "
10 aging 12 effect
12 effect 22 but
13 may 15 impact
13 may 22 but
14 particularly 15 impact
15 impact 19 signature
17 the 19 signature
18 neuroanatomical 19 signature
19 signature 20 of
20 of 21 sz
22 but 23 may
23 may 24 extend
24 extend 25 also
24 extend 26 to
26 to 29 disorders
27 other 29 disorders
28 mental 29 disorders

objectives : recent studies have shown that brief periods of mechanical ventilation in animals and humans can lead to ventilator [-] induced diaphragmatic dysfunction , which includes muscle atrophy , reduced force development , and impaired mitochondrial function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 3 recent
3 recent 4 studies
3 recent 6 shown
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 shown
6 shown 15 and
6 shown 18 lead
7 that 8 brief
8 brief 9 periods
9 periods 10 of
9 periods 13 in
9 periods 15 and
10 of 12 ventilation
11 mechanical 12 ventilation
13 in 14 animals
15 and 16 humans
15 and 17 can
17 can 18 lead
18 lead 19 to
18 lead 35 and
19 to 24 dysfunction
20 ventilator 22 induced
22 induced 24 dysfunction
23 diaphragmatic 24 dysfunction
24 dysfunction 26 which
25 , 26 which
26 which 27 includes
26 which 30 ,
27 includes 29 atrophy
28 muscle 29 atrophy
31 reduced 32 force
32 force 33 development
33 development 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 38 function
36 impaired 38 function
37 mitochondrial 38 function

studies in animal models have shown that short periods of increased diaphragm activity during mechanical ventilation support can attenuate ventilator [-] induced diaphragmatic dysfunction but corresponding human data are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 studies 2 in
1 studies 5 have
2 in 4 models
3 animal 4 models
5 have 6 shown
6 shown 8 short
6 shown 9 periods
6 shown 19 attenuate
7 that 8 short
9 periods 10 of
9 periods 17 support
9 periods 18 can
9 periods 19 attenuate
10 of 13 activity
11 increased 12 diaphragm
12 diaphragm 13 activity
13 activity 14 during
14 during 16 ventilation
15 mechanical 16 ventilation
17 support 18 can
19 attenuate 24 dysfunction
20 ventilator 22 induced
22 induced 24 dysfunction
23 diaphragmatic 24 dysfunction
25 but 28 data
25 but 29 are
26 corresponding 28 data
27 human 28 data
28 data 29 are
29 are 30 lacking

the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intermittent diaphragm contractions during cardiothoracic surgery , including controlled mechanical ventilation , on mitochondrial respiration in the human diaphragm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 effect
8 examine 15 during
8 examine 19 including
8 examine 24 on
8 examine 27 in
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 14 contractions
12 intermittent 13 diaphragm
13 diaphragm 14 contractions
15 during 17 surgery
16 cardiothoracic 17 surgery
18 , 19 including
19 including 22 ventilation
19 including 23 ,
20 controlled 22 ventilation
21 mechanical 22 ventilation
24 on 26 respiration
25 mitochondrial 26 respiration
27 in 30 diaphragm
28 the 30 diaphragm
29 human 30 diaphragm

design : within subjects repeated measures study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 within
3 within 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 repeated
4 subjects 6 measures
4 subjects 7 study
6 measures 7 study

setting : operating room in an academic health center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 operating
3 operating 4 room
3 operating 5 in
5 in 9 center
6 an 7 academic
6 an 9 center
7 academic 8 health
8 health 9 center

patients : five subjects undergoing elective cardiothoracic surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 patients 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
3 five 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 undergoing
5 undergoing 8 surgery
6 elective 8 surgery
7 cardiothoracic 8 surgery

interventions : in patients ( age 65.6 ± 6.3 [yr] ) undergoing cardiothoracic surgery , one phrenic nerve was stimulated hourly ( 30 pulses/min , 1.5 msec duration , 17.0 ± [4.4] ma ) during the surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 interventions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 12 undergoing
3 in 4 patients
4 patients 8 ±
5 ( 8 ±
6 age 8 ±
7 65.6 8 ±
8 ± 9 6.3
8 ± 11 )
12 undergoing 14 surgery
13 cardiothoracic 14 surgery
15 , 18 nerve
15 , 19 was
16 one 18 nerve
17 phrenic 18 nerve
18 nerve 19 was
19 was 28 duration
19 was 35 during
20 stimulated 28 duration
21 hourly 24 pulses/min
21 hourly 25 ,
21 hourly 28 duration
22 ( 24 pulses/min
23 30 24 pulses/min
24 pulses/min 25 ,
26 1.5 27 msec
27 msec 28 duration
28 duration 33 ma
29 , 33 ma
30 17.0 33 ma
31 ± 33 ma
33 ma 34 )
35 during 37 surgery
36 the 37 surgery

subjects received 3.4 ± 0.6 stimulation bouts during surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 subjects 2 received
2 received 7 bouts
2 received 8 during
3 3.4 7 bouts
4 ± 7 bouts
5 0.6 7 bouts
6 stimulation 7 bouts
8 during 9 surgery

thirty minutes following [the] last stimulation bout , samples of diaphragm muscle were obtained from the anterolateral costal regions of the stimulated [and] inactive hemidiaphragms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 bout
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thirty 2 minutes
2 minutes 7 bout
3 following 7 bout
5 last 6 stimulation
6 stimulation 7 bout
8 , 9 samples
8 , 14 obtained
9 samples 10 of
9 samples 13 were
10 of 12 muscle
11 diaphragm 12 muscle
13 were 14 obtained
14 obtained 15 from
15 from 19 regions
16 the 19 regions
17 anterolateral 19 regions
18 costal 19 regions
19 regions 20 of
20 of 25 hemidiaphragms
21 the 25 hemidiaphragms
22 stimulated 25 hemidiaphragms
24 inactive 25 hemidiaphragms

measurements and main results : mitochondrial respiration was measured in permeabilized muscle fibers with high - resolution respirometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 measurements 2 and
2 and 3 main
3 main 4 results
5 : 7 respiration
5 : 8 was
5 : 19 .
6 mitochondrial 7 respiration
7 respiration 8 was
8 was 9 measured
9 measured 10 in
9 measured 14 with
10 in 13 fibers
11 permeabilized 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 fibers
14 with 18 respirometry
15 high 16 -
15 high 18 respirometry
17 resolution 18 respirometry

state iii mitochondrial respiration rates ( [pmol] o2/s/mg wet weight ) were 15.05 ± 3.92 and 11.42 ± 2.66 for [the] stimulated and unstimulated samples , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 state 2 iii
1 state 5 rates
1 state 12 were
3 mitochondrial 4 respiration
4 respiration 5 rates
5 rates 10 weight
5 rates 12 were
6 ( 10 weight
8 o2/s/mg 10 weight
9 wet 10 weight
10 weight 11 )
12 were 16 and
12 were 27 respectively
12 were 30 <
13 15.05 16 and
14 ± 15 3.92
14 ± 16 and
16 and 18 ±
16 and 26 ,
17 11.42 18 ±
18 ± 19 2.66
18 ± 20 for
20 for 23 and
22 stimulated 23 and
23 and 24 unstimulated
23 and 25 samples
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.05
30 < 32 )

state iv mitochondrial respiration rates were 3.59 ± 1.25 and 2.11 ± 0.97 in the stimulated samples and controls samples , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 state 5 rates
1 state 6 were
2 iv 5 rates
3 mitochondrial 4 respiration
4 respiration 5 rates
5 rates 6 were
6 were 8 ±
7 3.59 8 ±
8 ± 9 1.25
10 and 11 2.11
10 and 12 ±
11 2.11 12 ±
12 ± 13 0.97
12 ± 14 in
12 ± 22 respectively
12 ± 25 <
14 in 18 and
15 the 17 samples
16 stimulated 17 samples
17 samples 18 and
18 and 20 samples
18 and 21 ,
19 controls 20 samples
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.05
25 < 27 )

conclusion : these are the first data examining the effect of intermittent contractions on mitochondrial respiration rates in the human diaphragm following surgery/mechanical ventilation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 these
2 : 4 are
2 : 25 .
3 these 4 are
4 are 7 data
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 data
7 data 8 examining
7 data 14 on
8 examining 10 effect
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 13 contractions
12 intermittent 13 contractions
14 on 17 rates
15 mitochondrial 16 respiration
16 respiration 17 rates
17 rates 18 in
17 rates 22 following
18 in 21 diaphragm
19 the 21 diaphragm
20 human 21 diaphragm
22 following 24 ventilation
23 surgery/mechanical 24 ventilation

our results indicate that very brief periods ( duty cycle ~1.7 % [ )( activity can improve mitochondrial [function] in the human diaphragm following surgery/mechanical ventilation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 7 periods
4 that 5 very
5 very 6 brief
6 brief 7 periods
7 periods 11 ~1.7
8 ( 11 ~1.7
9 duty 11 ~1.7
10 cycle 11 ~1.7
11 ~1.7 15 activity
11 ~1.7 17 improve
11 ~1.7 18 mitochondrial
11 ~1.7 27 .
12 % 15 activity
15 activity 16 can
16 can 17 improve
18 mitochondrial 20 in
20 in 23 diaphragm
21 the 23 diaphragm
22 human 23 diaphragm
23 diaphragm 24 following
24 following 26 ventilation
25 surgery/mechanical 26 ventilation

we examined several vascular factors in relation to the rates [of] decline in 5 cognitive domains in a population - based cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 5 factors
2 examined 12 decline
3 several 5 factors
4 vascular 5 factors
5 factors 8 to
5 factors 12 decline
6 in 7 relation
7 relation 8 to
8 to 10 rates
9 the 10 rates
12 decline 13 in
12 decline 17 in
13 in 16 domains
14 5 16 domains
15 cognitive 16 domains
17 in 19 population
18 a 19 population
20 - 22 cohort
20 - 23 .
21 based 22 cohort

in an age - stratified random [sample] ( n=1982 ) aged 65+ years , we assessed at baseline the cognitive domains of attention , executive function , memory , language , and visuospatial function , and also vascular , inflammatory , and metabolic indices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 3 age
1 in 15 we
2 an 3 age
3 age 13 years
4 - 13 years
5 stratified 12 65+
6 random 9 n=1982
6 random 12 65+
8 ( 9 n=1982
9 n=1982 10 )
11 aged 12 65+
12 65+ 13 years
13 years 14 ,
15 we 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 at
16 assessed 36 and
17 at 18 baseline
19 the 21 domains
20 cognitive 21 domains
21 domains 22 of
21 domains 24 ,
22 of 23 attention
24 , 26 function
24 , 27 ,
25 executive 26 function
27 , 28 memory
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 language
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 function
32 and 36 and
33 visuospatial 34 function
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 also
36 and 44 indices
38 vascular 39 ,
38 vascular 44 indices
40 inflammatory 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 metabolic
42 and 44 indices

random effects models generated slopes of [cognitive] decline over the next 4 years ; linear models identified vascular factors associated with these slopes , adjusting for demographics , baseline cognition , and potential interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
1 random 2 effects
2 effects 3 models
2 effects 6 of
2 effects 8 decline
3 models 4 generated
4 generated 5 slopes
5 slopes 6 of
8 decline 9 over
8 decline 13 years
9 over 12 4
10 the 11 next
10 the 12 4
14 ; 16 models
14 ; 17 identified
15 linear 16 models
16 models 17 identified
17 identified 19 factors
18 vascular 19 factors
19 factors 20 associated
19 factors 21 with
21 with 32 and
22 these 23 slopes
23 slopes 24 ,
24 , 25 adjusting
24 , 32 and
25 adjusting 26 for
26 for 27 demographics
27 demographics 30 cognition
28 , 30 cognition
29 baseline 30 cognition
30 cognition 31 ,
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 interactions
32 and 35 .
33 potential 34 interactions

several vascular risk factors ( history of stroke [,] diabetes , central obesity , c - reactive protein ) , [although] associated with lower baseline cognitive performance , did not [predict] [rate] [of] [subsequent] decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 several 4 factors
2 vascular 4 factors
3 risk 4 factors
4 factors 6 history
4 factors 28 ,
5 ( 6 history
6 history 7 of
6 history 20 ,
7 of 10 diabetes
8 stroke 10 diabetes
10 diabetes 13 obesity
11 , 13 obesity
12 central 13 obesity
13 obesity 16 -
13 obesity 20 ,
14 , 16 -
15 c 16 -
16 - 18 protein
16 - 19 )
17 reactive 18 protein
22 associated 23 with
22 associated 27 performance
22 associated 28 ,
23 with 25 baseline
24 lower 25 baseline
26 cognitive 27 performance
28 , 29 did
29 did 30 not
29 did 35 decline

apoe*4 [genotype] was associated with accelerated decline [in] language , memory , and executive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 apoe*4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 apoe*4 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 13 and
6 accelerated 7 decline
7 decline 9 language
9 language 10 ,
10 , 11 memory
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 functions
14 executive 15 functions

homocysteine elevation [was] associated [with] faster decline [in] executive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 homocysteine 4 associated
2 elevation 4 associated
4 associated 7 decline
6 faster 7 decline
7 decline 10 function
9 executive 10 function

hypertension ( history or systolic blood pressure >140 [mm] [hg] ) was associated with slower decline [in] memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hypertension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 hypertension 4 or
1 hypertension 12 was
2 ( 4 or
3 history 4 or
4 or 8 >140
4 or 11 )
5 systolic 6 blood
6 blood 8 >140
7 pressure 8 >140
12 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 18 memory
15 slower 16 decline
16 decline 18 memory

baseline alcohol consumption was associated with slower decline [in] attention , language , and memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 baseline 3 consumption
2 alcohol 3 consumption
3 consumption 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 14 and
7 slower 8 decline
8 decline 10 attention
10 attention 11 ,
11 , 12 language
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 memory

different indices of vascular risk are associated with low performance and with rates of [decline] in different cognitive domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 different 2 indices
2 indices 3 of
2 indices 6 are
3 of 5 risk
4 vascular 5 risk
6 are 7 associated
7 associated 11 and
8 with 10 performance
8 with 11 and
9 low 10 performance
11 and 12 with
12 with 13 rates
13 rates 14 of
14 of 16 in
16 in 19 domains
17 different 19 domains
18 cognitive 19 domains

cardiovascular mechanisms explain at least some of the variance [in] cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 cardiovascular 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 explain
3 explain 5 least
3 explain 6 some
4 at 5 least
6 some 7 of
7 of 12 decline
8 the 12 decline
9 variance 12 decline
11 cognitive 12 decline

selective survival may also play a role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 selective 2 survival
2 survival 3 may
3 may 5 play
4 also 5 play
5 play 7 role
6 a 7 role

the objective of this study was to examine the effect of age on the relationship between alcohol consumption and incident hypertension in a general japanese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 effect
8 examine 13 on
8 examine 16 between
8 examine 22 in
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 12 age
13 on 15 relationship
14 the 15 relationship
16 between 19 and
17 alcohol 18 consumption
18 consumption 19 and
19 and 21 hypertension
20 incident 21 hypertension
22 in 26 population
23 a 24 general
23 a 26 population
24 general 26 population
25 japanese 26 population

a cohort of japanese men ( n=37 310 ) and women ( n=78 426 ) aged 40 to 79 years who underwent community [-] based health checkups from 1993 to 2004 and [were] free of hypertension were followed up with annual examinations , including the measurement of blood pressure , until the end of 2010 . 
1 a 2 cohort
2 cohort 3 of
2 cohort 10 and
3 of 5 men
4 japanese 5 men
5 men 7 n=37
6 ( 7 n=37
7 n=37 8 310
7 n=37 9 )
10 and 11 women
10 and 13 n=78
10 and 16 aged
12 ( 13 n=78
13 n=78 14 426
13 n=78 15 )
16 aged 18 to
16 aged 20 years
17 40 18 to
18 to 19 79
20 years 21 who
20 years 22 underwent
21 who 22 underwent
22 underwent 26 health
23 community 25 based
25 based 26 health
26 health 32 and
26 health 37 were
26 health 38 followed
27 checkups 30 to
27 checkups 32 and
28 from 30 to
29 1993 30 to
30 to 31 2004
32 and 34 free
32 and 35 of
32 and 37 were
35 of 36 hypertension
38 followed 39 up
38 followed 40 with
38 followed 44 including
40 with 42 examinations
41 annual 42 examinations
43 , 44 including
44 including 46 measurement
44 including 51 until
45 the 46 measurement
46 measurement 47 of
47 of 49 pressure
48 blood 49 pressure
50 , 51 until
51 until 53 end
51 until 56 .
52 the 53 end
53 end 54 of
54 of 55 2010

incident hypertension [was] defined as systolic blood pressure of ≥140 [mm] [hg] , diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 [mm] [hg] , or the initiation of treatment [for] hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 hypertension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 incident 2 hypertension
2 hypertension 8 pressure
4 defined 7 blood
5 as 6 systolic
6 systolic 7 blood
7 blood 8 pressure
8 pressure 9 of
8 pressure 22 or
9 of 10 ≥140
10 ≥140 16 pressure
13 , 16 pressure
14 diastolic 15 blood
15 blood 16 pressure
16 pressure 17 of
16 pressure 21 ,
17 of 18 ≥90
22 or 24 initiation
22 or 25 of
22 or 28 hypertension
23 the 24 initiation
25 of 26 treatment

hazard ratios for incident hypertension according to alcohol consumption were estimated using a cox proportional hazards model adjusted for possible confounding variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 hazard 2 ratios
2 ratios 3 for
2 ratios 10 were
3 for 6 according
4 incident 6 according
5 hypertension 6 according
6 according 7 to
7 to 9 consumption
8 alcohol 9 consumption
10 were 11 estimated
11 estimated 12 using
12 using 17 model
12 using 19 for
13 a 17 model
14 cox 17 model
15 proportional 16 hazards
16 hazards 17 model
17 model 18 adjusted
19 for 22 variables
20 possible 22 variables
21 confounding 22 variables

a total of 45 428 participants ( 39.3 % ) developed hypertension [(] 16 155 men and 29 273 women ) for a mean follow - up time of 3.9 ( 1 - 18 ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 9 %
2 total 11 developed
3 of 6 participants
4 45 6 participants
5 428 6 participants
7 ( 9 %
8 39.3 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 developed 12 hypertension
12 hypertension 14 16
12 hypertension 17 and
12 hypertension 25 follow
15 155 16 men
16 men 17 and
17 and 20 women
17 and 21 )
17 and 22 for
17 and 25 follow
18 29 20 women
19 273 20 women
22 for 24 mean
23 a 24 mean
26 - 27 up
26 - 37 .
27 up 28 time
28 time 29 of
29 of 36 years
30 3.9 36 years
31 ( 33 -
32 1 33 -
33 - 34 18
33 - 35 )
33 - 36 years

no significant interaction with age on the association [of] alcohol consumption [with] incident hypertension was found in either sex ( [p] for interaction , >0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 no 3 interaction
2 significant 3 interaction
3 interaction 4 with
3 interaction 15 was
4 with 5 age
5 age 6 on
6 on 14 hypertension
7 the 14 hypertension
8 association 14 hypertension
10 alcohol 14 hypertension
11 consumption 14 hypertension
13 incident 14 hypertension
15 was 16 found
16 found 17 in
16 found 22 for
17 in 19 sex
18 either 19 sex
20 ( 22 for
22 for 23 interaction
22 for 26 )
23 interaction 25 >0.05
24 , 25 >0.05
25 >0.05 26 )

our results suggest that alcohol consumption is a similar risk factor [for] incident hypertension in both the middle - aged and the older populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 consumption
4 that 7 is
5 alcohol 6 consumption
7 is 14 hypertension
7 is 18 middle
8 a 9 similar
8 a 14 hypertension
9 similar 14 hypertension
10 risk 14 hypertension
11 factor 14 hypertension
13 incident 14 hypertension
14 hypertension 15 in
15 in 16 both
17 the 18 middle
19 - 21 and
20 aged 21 and
21 and 24 populations
22 the 24 populations
23 older 24 populations

mutations in dnajc13 , dnajc6 and dnajc5 have been implicated in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 4 ,
2 in 3 dnajc13
4 , 5 dnajc6
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 dnajc5
6 and 8 have
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 implicated
10 implicated 11 in
11 in 14 disease
12 parkinson 13 's
13 's 14 disease
14 disease 16 pd
15 ( 16 pd
16 pd 17 )

to determine if rare coding variants in these genes play a role in pd risk in the chinese population , we sequenced all coding exons of the three genes in 99 early - onset pd cases and 99 controls , and genotyped 8 missense variants in another 711 pd cases and 539 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 to 2 determine
2 determine 3 if
2 determine 13 in
2 determine 21 we
2 determine 22 sequenced
3 if 6 variants
3 if 10 play
4 rare 6 variants
5 coding 6 variants
6 variants 7 in
6 variants 10 play
7 in 9 genes
8 these 9 genes
10 play 12 role
11 a 12 role
13 in 15 risk
14 pd 15 risk
16 in 19 population
16 in 20 ,
16 in 21 we
17 the 19 population
18 chinese 19 population
21 we 22 sequenced
22 sequenced 25 exons
22 sequenced 30 in
22 sequenced 46 in
23 all 25 exons
24 coding 25 exons
25 exons 26 of
26 of 29 genes
27 the 28 three
28 three 29 genes
30 in 37 and
31 99 36 cases
32 early 33 -
32 early 34 onset
34 onset 36 cases
35 pd 36 cases
36 cases 37 and
37 and 45 variants
38 99 45 variants
39 controls 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 44 missense
41 and 45 variants
42 genotyped 44 missense
43 8 44 missense
46 in 51 and
47 another 48 711
48 711 50 cases
49 pd 50 cases
50 cases 51 and
51 and 53 controls
52 539 53 controls

our results suggest that missense mutations in dnajc13 , dnajc5 and dnajc6 do not play a major role in pd in the chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 mutations
3 suggest 15 play
4 that 5 missense
5 missense 6 mutations
6 mutations 7 in
6 mutations 13 do
7 in 11 and
8 dnajc13 9 ,
9 , 10 dnajc5
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 dnajc6
13 do 14 not
13 do 15 play
15 play 18 role
15 play 19 in
15 play 21 in
16 a 17 major
16 a 18 role
17 major 18 role
19 in 20 pd
21 in 24 population
22 the 24 population
23 chinese 24 population

impairment of the central serotonin system in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) has been shown postmortem [and] in vivo with positron emission tomography ( pet ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 impairment 2 of
1 impairment 12 pd
1 impairment 14 has
2 of 6 system
3 the 6 system
4 central 5 serotonin
5 serotonin 6 system
6 system 7 in
7 in 10 disease
8 parkinson 9 's
9 's 10 disease
11 ( 12 pd
12 pd 13 )
14 has 15 been
15 been 16 shown
16 shown 17 postmortem
16 shown 20 vivo
16 shown 21 with
19 in 20 vivo
21 with 24 tomography
22 positron 24 tomography
23 emission 24 tomography
24 tomography 26 pet
25 ( 26 pet
26 pet 27 )

the aim of this pet study was to examine and [compare] the availability of the 5 - hydroxytryptamine ( 5 - ht ) ( 1b ) - [receptor] subtype in patients with pd and age - matched control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 subtype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 10 and
3 of 5 pet
4 this 5 pet
5 pet 6 study
5 pet 9 examine
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
10 and 13 availability
10 and 14 of
10 and 18 hydroxytryptamine
10 and 29 subtype
12 the 13 availability
14 of 16 5
15 the 16 5
17 - 18 hydroxytryptamine
18 hydroxytryptamine 20 5
18 hydroxytryptamine 27 -
19 ( 20 5
20 5 22 ht
20 5 25 1b
20 5 27 -
21 - 22 ht
22 ht 23 )
24 ( 25 1b
25 1b 26 )
29 subtype 30 in
29 subtype 32 with
29 subtype 39 subjects
30 in 31 patients
32 with 34 and
33 pd 34 and
34 and 35 age
34 and 36 -
37 matched 39 subjects
38 control 39 subjects

twelve control subjects and 12 pd patients were examined with pet using the 5 - ht ( 1b ) - radioligand [ [(] 11 )c ]az10419369 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 examined
1 twelve 3 subjects
2 control 3 subjects
3 subjects 4 and
4 and 7 patients
4 and 8 were
5 12 7 patients
6 pd 7 patients
8 were 9 examined
9 examined 10 with
9 examined 20 -
10 with 11 pet
11 pet 12 using
12 using 14 5
13 the 14 5
15 - 20 -
16 ht 18 1b
16 ht 20 -
17 ( 18 1b
18 1b 19 )
20 - 21 radioligand
20 - 27 .
21 radioligand 26 ]az10419369
22 [ 26 ]az10419369
24 11 26 ]az10419369
25 )c 26 ]az10419369
26 ]az10419369 27 .

in pd patients , 5 - ht ( 1b ) - receptor availability in the right orbitofrontal cortex was lower than in control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 availability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 13 availability
2 pd 3 patients
3 patients 6 -
4 , 6 -
5 5 6 -
6 - 7 ht
6 - 11 -
7 ht 9 1b
8 ( 9 1b
9 1b 10 )
12 receptor 13 availability
13 availability 14 in
13 availability 19 was
14 in 18 cortex
15 the 18 cortex
16 right 18 cortex
17 orbitofrontal 18 cortex
19 was 20 lower
20 lower 21 than
21 than 22 in
22 in 24 subjects
23 control 24 subjects

a statistically significant negative correlation between 5 - ht ( 1b ) - receptor availability [and] age was obtained for the right temporal cortex in control subjects and for the right midbrain and left parahippocampal gyrus in pd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 a 2 statistically
1 a 5 correlation
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 5 correlation
4 negative 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 between
5 correlation 17 age
5 correlation 18 was
5 correlation 33 and
6 between 7 5
7 5 9 ht
8 - 9 ht
9 ht 11 1b
9 ht 13 -
10 ( 11 1b
11 1b 12 )
14 receptor 17 age
15 availability 17 age
17 age 18 was
19 obtained 20 for
19 obtained 28 and
19 obtained 32 midbrain
19 obtained 33 and
20 for 24 cortex
21 the 24 cortex
22 right 24 cortex
23 temporal 24 cortex
25 in 27 subjects
25 in 28 and
26 control 27 subjects
28 and 29 for
29 for 31 right
30 the 31 right
33 and 34 left
34 left 36 gyrus
34 left 37 in
35 parahippocampal 36 gyrus
37 in 39 patients
38 pd 39 patients

the lower regional [5] - ht ( 1b ) - receptor availability is in line with previous studies showing a decrease of serotonin imaging markers in pd and corroborates a role of the serotonin system in the pathophysiology of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 availability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 12 availability
2 lower 11 receptor
3 regional 6 ht
3 regional 11 receptor
5 - 6 ht
6 ht 8 1b
6 ht 10 -
7 ( 8 1b
8 1b 9 )
11 receptor 12 availability
12 availability 28 and
13 is 15 line
13 is 16 with
13 is 28 and
14 in 15 line
16 with 18 studies
17 previous 18 studies
18 studies 19 showing
19 showing 21 decrease
20 a 21 decrease
21 decrease 22 of
21 decrease 24 imaging
22 of 23 serotonin
24 imaging 25 markers
24 imaging 26 in
26 in 27 pd
28 and 29 corroborates
28 and 31 role
30 a 31 role
31 role 32 of
32 of 35 system
33 the 35 system
34 serotonin 35 system
35 system 36 in
36 in 38 pathophysiology
37 the 38 pathophysiology
38 pathophysiology 39 of
39 of 40 pd

the demonstrated age effect [on] 5 - ht [(] 1b ) receptors suggest a physiologic and pd - related decline of serotonin function , indicating the importance of controlling for age in clinical studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 receptors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 suggest
1 the 12 receptors
2 demonstrated 3 age
3 age 12 receptors
4 effect 12 receptors
6 5 8 ht
7 - 8 ht
8 ht 12 receptors
10 1b 11 )
10 1b 12 receptors
12 receptors 13 suggest
13 suggest 20 decline
13 suggest 23 function
14 a 20 decline
15 physiologic 16 and
16 and 17 pd
16 and 18 -
16 and 19 related
19 related 20 decline
20 decline 21 of
21 of 22 serotonin
23 function 25 indicating
24 , 25 indicating
25 indicating 27 importance
25 indicating 30 for
25 indicating 32 in
25 indicating 35 .
26 the 27 importance
27 importance 28 of
28 of 29 controlling
30 for 31 age
32 in 34 studies
33 clinical 34 studies

a673t , a rare variant in the amyloid - β precursor protein gene , shows a protective potential against alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and age - related cognitive decline in an icelandic population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 a673t
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 a673t 5 variant
1 a673t 15 shows
2 , 5 variant
3 a 4 rare
3 a 5 variant
4 rare 5 variant
5 variant 6 in
5 variant 14 ,
6 in 13 gene
7 the 13 gene
8 amyloid 9 -
8 amyloid 10 β
10 β 11 precursor
11 precursor 13 gene
12 protein 13 gene
15 shows 26 and
15 shows 31 decline
16 a 17 protective
16 a 18 potential
17 protective 18 potential
18 potential 19 against
18 potential 26 and
19 against 22 disease
20 alzheimer 21 's
21 's 22 disease
22 disease 24 ad
23 ( 24 ad
24 ad 25 )
26 and 27 age
26 and 28 -
26 and 29 related
26 and 31 decline
29 related 30 cognitive
31 decline 32 in
32 in 35 population
33 an 34 icelandic
33 an 35 population
34 icelandic 35 population

although a673t was observed independently in a finnish population , this variant was absent in 8721 asian subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 variant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 although 2 a673t
1 although 4 observed
1 although 10 ,
1 although 12 variant
2 a673t 3 was
3 was 4 observed
4 observed 5 independently
5 independently 6 in
6 in 9 population
7 a 8 finnish
7 a 9 population
8 finnish 9 population
11 this 12 variant
12 variant 13 was
13 was 14 absent
14 absent 15 in
15 in 18 subjects
16 8721 18 subjects
17 asian 18 subjects

the conflicting observations suggest that the contribution of a673t may be confined to europeans and americans rather than asians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 observations
2 conflicting 3 observations
3 observations 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 7 contribution
5 that 11 be
6 the 7 contribution
7 contribution 8 of
7 contribution 10 may
8 of 9 a673t
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 confined
12 confined 13 to
12 confined 18 than
13 to 15 and
14 europeans 15 and
15 and 16 americans
17 rather 18 than
18 than 19 asians

nevertheless , a673t confers a protective function against ad and thus may be observed only in longevity subjects ; thus it is not surprising to see its absence when the general populations or the patient cohorts were considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 a673t
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 3 a673t
3 a673t 10 and
4 confers 7 function
4 confers 10 and
5 a 7 function
6 protective 7 function
7 function 8 against
8 against 9 ad
10 and 12 may
10 and 15 only
11 thus 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 observed
15 only 16 in
16 in 18 subjects
17 longevity 18 subjects
19 ; 20 thus
19 ; 22 is
20 thus 22 is
21 it 22 is
22 is 23 not
22 is 24 surprising
24 surprising 25 to
24 surprising 38 considered
25 to 26 see
26 see 28 absence
27 its 28 absence
28 absence 29 when
28 absence 38 considered
29 when 33 or
29 when 37 were
30 the 32 populations
31 general 32 populations
32 populations 33 or
33 or 36 cohorts
33 or 37 were
34 the 36 cohorts
35 patient 36 cohorts

to test whether the a673t contributes to the chinese population , 1237 healthy longevity subjects ( mean age 96.9 years ) and 1404 matched younger controls ( mean age 44.2 years ) were genotyped for the variant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 3 whether
3 whether 5 a673t
3 whether 6 contributes
4 the 5 a673t
5 a673t 6 contributes
6 contributes 7 to
7 to 10 population
8 the 10 population
9 chinese 10 population
10 population 15 subjects
11 , 15 subjects
12 1237 15 subjects
13 healthy 14 longevity
14 longevity 15 subjects
15 subjects 20 years
15 subjects 21 )
16 ( 20 years
17 mean 20 years
18 age 20 years
19 96.9 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 and 26 controls
22 and 34 genotyped
23 1404 26 controls
24 matched 26 controls
25 younger 26 controls
26 controls 31 years
26 controls 33 were
27 ( 31 years
28 mean 29 age
29 age 31 years
30 44.2 31 years
31 years 32 )
33 were 34 genotyped
34 genotyped 35 for
35 for 37 variant
36 the 37 variant

our study failed to observe this variant in either the longevity subjects or the controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 failed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 failed
3 failed 4 to
3 failed 5 observe
4 to 5 observe
5 observe 7 variant
5 observe 8 in
6 this 7 variant
8 in 13 or
9 either 13 or
10 the 12 subjects
11 longevity 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 or
13 or 15 controls
14 the 15 controls

given the previous observation from asians , our results suggest that the a673t variant is not involved in longevity in chinese individuals ; some other protective mechanisms may contribute to a lower incidence of ad in chinese nonagenerians and centenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 given 4 observation
1 given 7 ,
1 given 9 results
2 the 4 observation
3 previous 4 observation
4 observation 5 from
5 from 6 asians
8 our 9 results
9 results 10 suggest
10 suggest 11 that
11 that 14 variant
11 that 15 is
12 the 14 variant
13 a673t 14 variant
14 variant 15 is
15 is 16 not
15 is 18 in
15 is 20 in
16 not 17 involved
18 in 19 longevity
20 in 22 individuals
21 chinese 22 individuals
23 ; 27 mechanisms
24 some 25 other
25 other 27 mechanisms
26 protective 27 mechanisms
27 mechanisms 28 may
28 may 29 contribute
29 contribute 30 to
30 to 39 and
31 a 33 incidence
32 lower 33 incidence
33 incidence 34 of
33 incidence 39 and
34 of 35 ad
35 ad 36 in
36 in 38 nonagenerians
37 chinese 38 nonagenerians
39 and 40 centenarians

apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) alleles are associated with longevity [in] [genome] - wide [scans] , with ε4 correlated with shorter life , and ε2 with longer life , than ε3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 alleles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 apolipoprotein 2 e
1 apolipoprotein 4 apoe
3 ( 4 apoe
4 apoe 5 )
4 apoe 6 alleles
6 alleles 7 are
7 are 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 13 -
8 associated 14 wide
9 with 10 longevity
14 wide 17 with
14 wide 30 than
16 , 17 with
17 with 24 and
17 with 29 ,
18 ε4 19 correlated
18 ε4 24 and
19 correlated 20 with
20 with 22 life
21 shorter 22 life
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 ε2
25 ε2 26 with
26 with 28 life
27 longer 28 life
30 than 31 ε3

we hypothesized that rare apoe variants with large individual effects might also contribute to long - term good health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 6 variants
3 that 15 long
4 rare 6 variants
5 apoe 6 variants
6 variants 7 with
6 variants 11 might
7 with 10 effects
8 large 10 effects
9 individual 10 effects
11 might 13 contribute
12 also 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
14 to 15 long
16 - 17 term
16 - 20 .
17 term 19 health
18 good 19 health

the apoe exons and promoter were resequenced in dna samples from 376 healthy [oldest] old aged ≥ 85 yrs with no self - reported history of cancer , cardiovascular disease , diabetes , major pulmonary disease or alzheimer disease ( " super - seniors " ) and 376 population - based controls aged 41 - 54 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 apoe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 samples
1 the 2 apoe
2 apoe 4 and
2 apoe 6 were
2 apoe 7 resequenced
2 apoe 8 in
2 apoe 10 samples
3 exons 4 and
4 and 5 promoter
4 and 6 were
8 in 9 dna
10 samples 11 from
10 samples 19 yrs
10 samples 20 with
11 from 17 ≥
12 376 16 aged
13 healthy 15 old
15 old 16 aged
16 aged 17 ≥
18 85 19 yrs
20 with 22 self
20 with 25 history
21 no 22 self
22 self 24 reported
23 - 24 reported
25 history 26 of
26 of 37 or
27 cancer 28 ,
28 , 30 disease
28 , 31 ,
29 cardiovascular 30 disease
31 , 32 diabetes
31 , 33 ,
33 , 36 disease
33 , 37 or
34 major 36 disease
35 pulmonary 36 disease
37 or 39 disease
37 or 47 and
38 alzheimer 39 disease
40 ( 41 "
40 ( 47 and
42 super 44 seniors
42 super 47 and
43 - 44 seniors
44 seniors 45 "
44 seniors 46 )
47 and 49 population
47 and 50 -
47 and 52 controls
47 and 53 aged
47 and 57 .
48 376 49 population
51 based 52 controls
52 controls 53 aged
53 aged 55 -
54 41 55 -
55 - 56 54

forty variants were observed : 32 [were] rare [(] minor allele frequency < 2 % [ )(; 9 were nonsynonymous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 forty 2 variants
2 variants 3 were
3 were 4 observed
5 : 12 frequency
5 : 13 <
5 : 17 )(;
6 32 11 allele
8 rare 10 minor
10 minor 11 allele
11 allele 12 frequency
12 frequency 13 <
13 < 15 %
14 2 15 %
17 )(; 18 9
17 )(; 19 were
18 9 19 were
19 were 20 nonsynonymous

controls were more likely to have an ε4 allele ( pearson χ ( 2 ) = 6.61 , p = 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 controls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 controls 2 were
2 were 4 likely
3 more 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 6 have
5 to 6 have
6 have 8 ε4
6 have 20 =
7 an 8 ε4
8 ε4 9 allele
8 ε4 16 =
9 allele 12 χ
9 allele 16 =
10 ( 12 χ
11 pearson 12 χ
12 χ 14 2
12 χ 15 )
13 ( 14 2
14 2 15 )
17 6.61 20 =
18 , 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.04
20 = 22 )

among the super - seniors , apoe allele status was not associated [with] body mass index or mini mental state examination score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 among 3 super
1 among 4 -
1 among 17 or
2 the 3 super
5 seniors 6 ,
6 , 16 index
6 , 17 or
7 apoe 16 index
8 allele 9 status
9 status 10 was
10 was 11 not
11 not 12 associated
12 associated 14 body
14 body 16 index
15 mass 16 index
17 or 21 examination
17 or 22 score
18 mini 19 mental
19 mental 20 state
20 state 21 examination

our findings were consistent with ε4 being a risk factor for early mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 were
3 were 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
5 with 6 ε4
6 ε4 7 being
7 being 10 factor
8 a 10 factor
9 risk 10 factor
10 factor 11 for
11 for 13 mortality
12 early 13 mortality

the glucocerebrosidase gene ( gba ) is a known risk factor of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 gene
2 glucocerebrosidase 3 gene
3 gene 5 gba
3 gene 7 is
4 ( 5 gba
5 gba 6 )
7 is 11 factor
8 a 11 factor
9 known 11 factor
10 risk 11 factor
11 factor 12 of
12 of 15 disease
13 parkinson 14 's
14 's 15 disease
15 disease 17 pd
16 ( 17 pd
17 pd 18 )

we sequenced entire coding exons and exon/intron boundaries of gba in 147 japanese familial pd ( fpd ) patients from 144 families and 100 unrelated control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 sequenced
2 sequenced 23 and
3 entire 5 exons
4 coding 5 exons
5 exons 6 and
6 and 8 boundaries
6 and 9 of
6 and 23 and
7 exon/intron 8 boundaries
9 of 10 gba
10 gba 11 in
10 gba 20 from
11 in 19 patients
12 147 19 patients
13 japanese 19 patients
14 familial 19 patients
15 pd 17 fpd
16 ( 17 fpd
17 fpd 18 )
17 fpd 19 patients
20 from 22 families
21 144 22 families
23 and 27 subjects
24 100 27 subjects
25 unrelated 26 control
26 control 27 subjects

twenty - seven of 144 ( 18.8 % ) of index patients were heterozygous for known gaucher disease mutations , suggesting that gba heterozygous mutations are strongly associated with fpd ( odds ratio [=] 22.9 , 95 % confidence interval = 3.1 - 171.2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 4 of
2 - 10 of
2 - 13 were
4 of 5 144
5 144 8 %
6 ( 8 %
7 18.8 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 of 12 patients
11 index 12 patients
13 were 14 heterozygous
14 heterozygous 15 for
15 for 19 mutations
16 known 18 disease
17 gaucher 18 disease
18 disease 19 mutations
19 mutations 21 suggesting
20 , 21 suggesting
21 suggesting 22 that
21 suggesting 45 )
22 that 23 gba
22 that 28 associated
23 gba 25 mutations
23 gba 26 are
23 gba 28 associated
24 heterozygous 25 mutations
25 mutations 26 are
26 are 27 strongly
28 associated 29 with
29 with 30 fpd
30 fpd 33 ratio
30 fpd 40 interval
31 ( 33 ratio
32 odds 33 ratio
33 ratio 35 22.9
33 ratio 36 ,
36 , 40 interval
37 95 38 %
38 % 40 interval
39 confidence 40 interval
40 interval 43 -
40 interval 45 )
41 = 42 3.1
42 3.1 43 -
43 - 44 171.2

the frequency was significantly higher in autosomal dominant pd ( adpd ) compared [with] autosomal recessive pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 higher
5 higher 6 in
6 in 17 pd
7 autosomal 17 pd
8 dominant 17 pd
9 pd 11 adpd
10 ( 11 adpd
11 adpd 12 )
11 adpd 13 compared
13 compared 17 pd
15 autosomal 17 pd
16 recessive 17 pd

interestingly , they also presented with reduced myocardial ( 123 )i - metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 they
3 they 5 presented
4 also 5 presented
5 presented 6 with
5 presented 14 uptake
6 with 13 metaiodobenzylguanidine
7 reduced 13 metaiodobenzylguanidine
8 myocardial 11 )i
8 myocardial 13 metaiodobenzylguanidine
9 ( 11 )i
10 123 11 )i
11 )i 12 -

our findings suggest that heterozygous gba mutations are strong risk factors in fpd , especially for autosomal dominant pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 7 mutations
3 suggest 10 risk
4 that 5 heterozygous
5 heterozygous 7 mutations
6 gba 7 mutations
7 mutations 8 are
8 are 10 risk
9 strong 10 risk
10 risk 11 factors
11 factors 12 in
12 in 13 fpd
13 fpd 16 for
14 , 15 especially
14 , 16 for
16 for 19 pd
16 for 20 .
17 autosomal 19 pd
18 dominant 19 pd

some patients with gba heterozygous mutations develop clinical features of dlb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 some 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 7 develop
3 with 6 mutations
4 gba 6 mutations
5 heterozygous 6 mutations
7 develop 9 features
8 clinical 9 features
9 features 10 of
10 of 11 dlb

we speculate that gba dysfunction may promote lewy body formation , resulting in more severe pd or dlb phenotypes that are inherited in families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speculate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 speculate
2 speculate 3 that
3 that 4 gba
3 that 22 inherited
4 gba 5 dysfunction
4 gba 7 promote
4 gba 21 are
5 dysfunction 6 may
6 may 7 promote
7 promote 8 lewy
8 lewy 17 or
8 lewy 19 phenotypes
9 body 10 formation
10 formation 11 ,
11 , 12 resulting
11 , 17 or
12 resulting 13 in
13 in 16 pd
14 more 15 severe
15 severe 16 pd
17 or 18 dlb
17 or 19 phenotypes
19 phenotypes 20 that
21 are 22 inherited
22 inherited 23 in
23 in 24 families

strong evidence indicates that mutant cu , zn - superoxide dismutase 1 ( sod1 ) exerts toxic effect on motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 strong 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 indicates
3 indicates 6 cu
3 indicates 16 exerts
4 that 5 mutant
5 mutant 6 cu
6 cu 8 zn
6 cu 11 dismutase
6 cu 16 exerts
7 , 8 zn
8 zn 9 -
9 - 11 dismutase
10 superoxide 11 dismutase
11 dismutase 12 1
11 dismutase 14 sod1
11 dismutase 15 )
13 ( 14 sod1
14 sod1 15 )
16 exerts 18 effect
16 exerts 19 on
16 exerts 22 in
17 toxic 18 effect
19 on 21 neurons
20 motor 21 neurons
22 in 25 sclerosis
23 amyotrophic 25 sclerosis
24 lateral 25 sclerosis
25 sclerosis 27 als
26 ( 27 als
27 als 28 )

however , the nature of mutant [sod1] - mediated motor neuron degeneration is poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 nature
3 the 4 nature
4 nature 5 of
4 nature 13 is
5 of 12 degeneration
6 mutant 8 -
6 mutant 10 motor
9 mediated 10 motor
10 motor 12 degeneration
11 neuron 12 degeneration
13 is 15 understood
14 poorly 15 understood

to provide new insight into the mechanism by which mutant sod1 induces motor neuron injury , we developed novel caenorhabditis elegans models of als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 2 provide
2 provide 4 insight
3 new 4 insight
4 insight 5 into
5 into 7 mechanism
6 the 7 mechanism
7 mechanism 8 by
8 by 9 which
8 by 10 mutant
8 by 11 sod1
8 by 12 induces
9 which 10 mutant
11 sod1 12 induces
12 induces 15 injury
13 motor 15 injury
14 neuron 15 injury
16 , 17 we
16 , 18 developed
17 we 18 developed
18 developed 22 models
19 novel 22 models
20 caenorhabditis 22 models
21 elegans 22 models
22 models 23 of
23 of 24 als

in addition , the motor neuron loss is independent [of] cell death protein 3 ( ced - 3 )/cell death protein 4 ( ced - 4 [ )(caspase pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 loss
4 the 7 loss
5 motor 6 neuron
6 neuron 7 loss
7 loss 8 is
8 is 21 protein
9 independent 21 protein
11 cell 12 death
12 death 13 protein
13 protein 21 protein
14 3 16 ced
15 ( 16 ced
16 ced 17 -
16 ced 19 )/cell
18 3 19 )/cell
19 )/cell 21 protein
20 death 21 protein
21 protein 22 4
21 protein 24 ced
23 ( 24 ced
24 ced 25 -
25 - 29 pathway
26 4 28 )(caspase
28 )(caspase 29 pathway

we also found that before motor neurons began to die in adulthood , axon guidance [defect] [of] [motor] [neuron] appeared during the development stages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 15 guidance
4 that 20 appeared
5 before 7 neurons
5 before 8 began
5 before 13 ,
5 before 15 guidance
6 motor 7 neurons
7 neurons 8 began
8 began 9 to
8 began 10 die
9 to 10 die
10 die 11 in
11 in 12 adulthood
14 axon 15 guidance
15 guidance 20 appeared
20 appeared 21 during
21 during 24 stages
22 the 24 stages
23 development 24 stages

when green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) - tagged proteins related to axon guidance were examined in motor neurons , a significantly decreased density and number of gfp - tagged puncta were observed in the transgenic worms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 puncta
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 when 4 protein
1 when 16 examined
1 when 20 ,
1 when 31 puncta
2 green 4 protein
3 fluorescent 4 protein
4 protein 6 gfp
4 protein 15 were
5 ( 6 gfp
6 gfp 7 )
8 - 11 related
9 tagged 10 proteins
10 proteins 11 related
11 related 12 to
11 related 15 were
12 to 14 guidance
13 axon 14 guidance
15 were 16 examined
16 examined 17 in
17 in 19 neurons
18 motor 19 neurons
21 a 31 puncta
22 significantly 23 decreased
23 decreased 24 density
24 density 25 and
25 and 26 number
25 and 29 -
25 and 30 tagged
25 and 31 puncta
26 number 27 of
27 of 28 gfp
31 puncta 32 were
32 were 33 observed
33 observed 34 in
34 in 37 worms
35 the 37 worms
36 transgenic 37 worms

our models mimic axon developmental defect and the adult - onset degeneration of motor neurons in als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 our 6 defect
2 models 6 defect
3 mimic 6 defect
4 axon 6 defect
5 developmental 6 defect
6 defect 7 and
7 and 9 adult
8 the 9 adult
10 - 12 degeneration
11 onset 12 degeneration
12 degeneration 13 of
13 of 15 neurons
14 motor 15 neurons
15 neurons 16 in
16 in 17 als

using this model , we uncovered the cell - autonomous damage caused by human sod1 to motor neurons in vivo , and provided a new insight into the developmental defect mechanism that may contribute to motor neuron degeneration in als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 using 3 model
1 using 4 ,
1 using 5 we
2 this 3 model
5 we 22 and
6 uncovered 8 cell
6 uncovered 22 and
7 the 8 cell
8 cell 11 damage
9 - 11 damage
10 autonomous 11 damage
11 damage 12 caused
11 damage 21 ,
12 caused 13 by
12 caused 16 to
12 caused 20 vivo
13 by 15 sod1
14 human 15 sod1
16 to 18 neurons
17 motor 18 neurons
19 in 20 vivo
22 and 23 provided
22 and 39 in
23 provided 26 insight
24 a 26 insight
25 new 26 insight
26 insight 27 into
26 insight 32 that
26 insight 33 may
27 into 31 mechanism
28 the 31 mechanism
29 developmental 30 defect
30 defect 31 mechanism
32 that 33 may
33 may 34 contribute
34 contribute 35 to
35 to 38 degeneration
36 motor 37 neuron
37 neuron 38 degeneration
39 in 40 als

to examine the association between dietary habits , cognitive functioning and brain volumes in older individuals , data from 194 cognitively healthy individuals who participated in the prospective investigation of the vasculature in uppsala seniors cohort were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 to 2 examine
1 to 17 ,
1 to 18 data
2 examine 4 association
2 examine 5 between
3 the 4 association
5 between 7 habits
6 dietary 7 habits
7 habits 11 and
8 , 11 and
9 cognitive 10 functioning
9 cognitive 11 and
11 and 13 volumes
11 and 14 in
11 and 17 ,
12 brain 13 volumes
14 in 16 individuals
15 older 16 individuals
18 data 19 from
18 data 26 in
18 data 30 of
18 data 37 were
19 from 23 individuals
20 194 23 individuals
21 cognitively 22 healthy
22 healthy 23 individuals
23 individuals 24 who
23 individuals 25 participated
24 who 25 participated
26 in 29 investigation
27 the 29 investigation
28 prospective 29 investigation
30 of 36 cohort
31 the 36 cohort
32 vasculature 33 in
32 vasculature 35 seniors
33 in 34 uppsala
35 seniors 36 cohort
37 were 38 used

at age 70 , participants kept diaries of their food intake for 1 week . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 kept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 at 2 age
1 at 4 ,
1 at 5 participants
2 age 3 70
5 participants 6 kept
6 kept 7 diaries
7 diaries 8 of
8 of 11 intake
9 their 11 intake
10 food 11 intake
11 intake 12 for
12 for 14 week
13 1 14 week

these records [were] used to calculate a mediterranean diet ( medi ) score ( comprising dietary habits traditionally found in mediterranean countries , e.g . high intake of fruits and low intake of meat ) , with higher scores indicating more pronounced medi - like dietary habits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 records
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 these 2 records
2 records 4 used
2 records 11 medi
2 records 13 score
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 calculate
5 to 6 calculate
6 calculate 9 diet
7 a 9 diet
8 mediterranean 9 diet
10 ( 11 medi
11 medi 12 )
13 score 15 comprising
13 score 24 e.g
14 ( 15 comprising
15 comprising 17 habits
15 comprising 23 ,
16 dietary 17 habits
17 habits 19 found
17 habits 20 in
18 traditionally 19 found
20 in 22 countries
21 mediterranean 22 countries
25 . 30 and
25 . 45 like
26 high 30 and
27 intake 28 of
27 intake 30 and
28 of 29 fruits
30 and 32 intake
30 and 35 )
30 and 37 with
30 and 45 like
31 low 32 intake
32 intake 33 of
33 of 34 meat
36 , 37 with
37 with 39 scores
37 with 40 indicating
37 with 44 -
38 higher 39 scores
40 indicating 41 more
40 indicating 42 pronounced
41 more 42 pronounced
42 pronounced 43 medi
45 like 47 habits
46 dietary 47 habits

five years later , participants ' cognitive capabilities were examined by the seven minute screening ( 7 m [s] ) ( a cognitive test battery used by clinicians to screen for dementia ) , and their brain volumes were measured by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 five 2 years
2 years 8 capabilities
2 years 10 examined
2 years 35 and
3 later 4 ,
3 later 5 participants
5 participants 6 '
6 ' 8 capabilities
7 cognitive 8 capabilities
8 capabilities 9 were
9 were 10 examined
10 examined 11 by
11 by 15 screening
12 the 15 screening
13 seven 14 minute
14 minute 15 screening
15 screening 18 m
15 screening 25 battery
16 ( 18 m
17 7 18 m
18 m 20 )
21 ( 25 battery
22 a 23 cognitive
22 a 25 battery
23 cognitive 24 test
24 test 25 battery
25 battery 26 used
25 battery 29 to
25 battery 30 screen
25 battery 33 )
26 used 27 by
27 by 28 clinicians
29 to 30 screen
30 screen 31 for
31 for 32 dementia
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 brain
35 and 38 volumes
35 and 45 imaging
36 their 37 brain
38 volumes 39 were
39 were 40 measured
40 measured 41 by
41 by 44 resonance
42 volumetric 44 resonance
43 magnetic 44 resonance
44 resonance 45 imaging

multivariate linear regression analyses were constructed to examine the association between the total medi score and cognitive functioning and brain volumes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 multivariate 4 analyses
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 analyses
4 analyses 19 and
5 were 6 constructed
5 were 19 and
6 constructed 7 to
6 constructed 18 functioning
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 association
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 between
11 between 16 and
12 the 15 score
13 total 15 score
14 medi 15 score
15 score 16 and
16 and 17 cognitive
19 and 20 brain
20 brain 21 volumes

in addition , possible associations between medi 's eight dietary features and cognitive functioning and brain volumes were investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 associations
4 possible 5 associations
5 associations 6 between
5 associations 18 were
6 between 15 and
7 medi 8 's
8 's 9 eight
9 eight 11 features
10 dietary 11 features
11 features 12 and
12 and 13 cognitive
12 and 14 functioning
12 and 15 and
15 and 17 volumes
16 brain 17 volumes
18 were 19 investigated

from the eight dietary features included in the medi score , pertaining to a low consumption of meat and meat products was linked to [a] better performance on the 7 [m] s test ( p=0.001 ) and greater total brain volume [(] i.e [.] [the] sum of white and gray matter , p=0.03 ) [when] controlling for potential confounders ( e.g [.] bmi [ )(in the analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 score
1 from 3 eight
1 from 5 features
2 the 3 eight
4 dietary 5 features
5 features 6 included
5 features 7 in
5 features 10 score
7 in 9 medi
8 the 9 medi
10 score 12 pertaining
10 score 13 to
11 , 12 pertaining
13 to 15 low
14 a 15 low
15 low 16 consumption
15 low 26 better
16 consumption 17 of
16 consumption 22 was
17 of 19 and
18 meat 19 and
19 and 21 products
20 meat 21 products
22 was 23 linked
23 linked 24 to
24 to 26 better
26 better 37 and
27 performance 28 on
27 performance 37 and
28 on 33 test
29 the 33 test
30 7 32 s
32 s 33 test
33 test 35 p=0.001
34 ( 35 p=0.001
35 p=0.001 36 )
37 and 46 sum
37 and 47 of
38 greater 46 sum
39 total 46 sum
40 brain 46 sum
41 volume 43 i.e
43 i.e 46 sum
47 of 56 controlling
48 white 49 and
49 and 51 matter
49 and 53 p=0.03
49 and 56 controlling
50 gray 51 matter
52 , 53 p=0.03
53 p=0.03 54 )
56 controlling 57 for
57 for 59 confounders
58 potential 59 confounders
59 confounders 63 bmi
60 ( 63 bmi
61 e.g 63 bmi
63 bmi 65 )(in
63 bmi 68 .
65 )(in 67 analysis
66 the 67 analysis

integrating all dietary features into the total medi score explained less variance in cognitive functioning and brain volumes than its single dietary component meat intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 integrating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 integrating 4 features
1 integrating 5 into
1 integrating 10 explained
2 all 4 features
3 dietary 4 features
5 into 9 score
6 the 9 score
7 total 9 score
8 medi 9 score
10 explained 11 less
10 explained 12 variance
10 explained 13 in
10 explained 19 than
13 in 16 and
14 cognitive 15 functioning
14 cognitive 16 and
16 and 18 volumes
17 brain 18 volumes
19 than 25 intake
20 its 25 intake
21 single 25 intake
22 dietary 23 component
23 component 25 intake
24 meat 25 intake

these observational findings suggest that keeping to a low meat intake could prove to be an impact - driven public health policy to support healthy cognitive aging , when confirmed by longitudinal studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 3 findings
2 observational 3 findings
3 findings 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 6 keeping
5 that 13 prove
6 keeping 7 to
6 keeping 12 could
7 to 11 intake
8 a 11 intake
9 low 11 intake
10 meat 11 intake
12 could 13 prove
13 prove 14 to
13 prove 15 be
14 to 15 be
15 be 17 impact
15 be 29 when
15 be 31 by
16 an 17 impact
17 impact 22 policy
18 - 22 policy
19 driven 20 public
20 public 21 health
21 health 22 policy
22 policy 23 to
22 policy 24 support
22 policy 28 ,
23 to 24 support
24 support 27 aging
25 healthy 27 aging
26 cognitive 27 aging
29 when 30 confirmed
31 by 33 studies
32 longitudinal 33 studies

further , they suggest that the medi score is a construct that may mask possible associations of single medi features with brain health domains in elderly populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 they
3 they 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 8 score
5 that 14 mask
6 the 8 score
7 medi 8 score
8 score 9 is
9 is 11 construct
10 a 11 construct
11 construct 12 that
11 construct 14 mask
12 that 13 may
13 may 14 mask
14 mask 16 associations
14 mask 21 with
14 mask 25 in
15 possible 16 associations
16 associations 17 of
17 of 20 features
18 single 20 features
19 medi 20 features
21 with 24 domains
22 brain 24 domains
23 health 24 domains
25 in 27 populations
26 elderly 27 populations

about half of the human brain is white matter , characterized by axons covered in myelin , which facilitates the high speed of nerve signals from one brain area to another . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 about
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 about 2 half
1 about 7 is
2 half 3 of
3 of 6 brain
4 the 6 brain
5 human 6 brain
7 is 9 matter
8 white 9 matter
9 matter 11 characterized
10 , 11 characterized
11 characterized 12 by
11 characterized 15 in
11 characterized 17 ,
12 by 13 axons
13 axons 14 covered
15 in 16 myelin
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 facilitates
18 which 19 facilitates
19 facilitates 22 speed
19 facilitates 26 from
20 the 22 speed
21 high 22 speed
22 speed 23 of
23 of 25 signals
24 nerve 25 signals
26 from 29 area
27 one 29 area
28 brain 29 area
29 area 30 to
30 to 31 another

at the time of myelination , the oligodendrocytes that synthesize myelin require a large amount of energy for this task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 oligodendrocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 at 3 time
1 at 6 ,
1 at 8 oligodendrocytes
2 the 3 time
3 time 4 of
4 of 5 myelination
7 the 8 oligodendrocytes
8 oligodendrocytes 9 that
8 oligodendrocytes 10 synthesize
8 oligodendrocytes 12 require
9 that 10 synthesize
10 synthesize 11 myelin
12 require 15 amount
13 a 14 large
13 a 15 amount
14 large 15 amount
15 amount 16 of
16 of 17 energy
17 energy 18 for
18 for 20 task
19 this 20 task

conditions that deprive the tissue of energy can kill the oligodendrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 kill
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 conditions 2 that
1 conditions 3 deprive
1 conditions 8 can
2 that 3 deprive
3 deprive 5 tissue
4 the 5 tissue
5 tissue 6 of
6 of 7 energy
8 can 9 kill
9 kill 11 oligodendrocytes
10 the 11 oligodendrocytes

during brain development , the oligodendrocytes may [use] lactate as an alternative source of energy and material for myelin formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 oligodendrocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 lactate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 during 3 development
1 during 4 ,
1 during 6 oligodendrocytes
2 brain 3 development
5 the 6 oligodendrocytes
6 oligodendrocytes 7 may
7 may 9 lactate
9 lactate 10 as
9 lactate 18 for
10 as 13 source
11 an 12 alternative
11 an 13 source
12 alternative 13 source
13 source 14 of
14 of 16 and
15 energy 16 and
16 and 17 material
18 for 20 formation
19 myelin 20 formation

mature oligodendrocytes , however , can [release] lactate through the myelin sheath as nutrient for axons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oligodendrocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 lactate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mature 2 oligodendrocytes
2 oligodendrocytes 6 can
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 can
6 can 8 lactate
8 lactate 9 through
9 through 12 sheath
10 the 12 sheath
11 myelin 12 sheath
12 sheath 14 nutrient
13 as 14 nutrient
14 nutrient 15 for
15 for 16 axons

in addition , lactate [carries] signals as a volume transmitter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lactate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 lactate
4 lactate 6 signals
4 lactate 7 as
7 as 10 transmitter
8 a 9 volume
8 a 10 transmitter
9 volume 10 transmitter

myelin thus seems to serve as a provider of substrates and signals for axons , and not as [a] mere insulator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 myelin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 myelin 3 seems
2 thus 3 seems
3 seems 4 to
3 seems 5 serve
4 to 5 serve
5 serve 6 as
6 as 16 and
7 a 8 provider
8 provider 9 of
8 provider 11 and
9 of 10 substrates
11 and 12 signals
11 and 13 for
11 and 16 and
13 for 14 axons
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 not
16 and 21 insulator
18 as 20 mere
20 mere 21 insulator

we review the fluxes of [lactate] in white matter and their significance in brain function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 review
2 review 15 function
3 the 15 function
4 fluxes 5 of
4 fluxes 10 and
5 of 7 in
7 in 9 matter
8 white 9 matter
10 and 12 significance
10 and 13 in
10 and 15 function
11 their 12 significance
13 in 14 brain

[none] objectives : with the aging of the population , japan 's long - term care system has shifted from a welfare [-] placement system to a social - insurance system , which is a precedent of policies for the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 17 system
3 : 19 shifted
3 : 32 ,
3 : 42 .
4 with 6 aging
4 with 10 ,
4 with 17 system
5 the 6 aging
6 aging 7 of
7 of 9 population
8 the 9 population
11 japan 12 's
12 's 17 system
13 long 14 -
13 long 15 term
15 term 16 care
16 care 17 system
17 system 18 has
18 has 19 shifted
19 shifted 20 from
19 shifted 26 to
20 from 25 system
21 a 25 system
22 welfare 25 system
24 placement 25 system
26 to 31 system
27 a 28 social
27 a 31 system
28 social 29 -
28 social 30 insurance
30 insurance 31 system
32 , 33 which
32 , 34 is
33 which 34 is
34 is 36 precedent
35 a 36 precedent
36 precedent 37 of
36 precedent 39 for
37 of 38 policies
39 for 41 elderly
40 the 41 elderly

we examined how individuals who used care services before the implementation of long - term care insurance ( ltci ) ( previous service users ) currently use the ltci services , with a focus on the processes of service use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 how
3 how 4 individuals
3 how 27 use
4 individuals 5 who
4 individuals 6 used
4 individuals 27 use
5 who 6 used
6 used 8 services
6 used 26 currently
7 care 8 services
8 services 9 before
8 services 12 of
9 before 11 implementation
10 the 11 implementation
12 of 17 insurance
13 long 14 -
13 long 15 term
15 term 17 insurance
16 care 17 insurance
17 insurance 19 ltci
17 insurance 24 users
18 ( 19 ltci
19 ltci 20 )
21 ( 24 users
22 previous 23 service
23 service 24 users
24 users 25 )
27 use 30 services
28 the 30 services
29 ltci 30 services
30 services 32 with
31 , 32 with
32 with 34 focus
32 with 41 .
33 a 34 focus
34 focus 35 on
34 focus 38 of
35 on 37 processes
36 the 37 processes
38 of 40 use
39 service 40 use

methods : panel data were obtained from the nihon university japanese longitudinal study of aging database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 6 obtained
2 : 17 .
3 panel 4 data
4 data 5 were
5 were 6 obtained
6 obtained 7 from
7 from 13 study
8 the 11 japanese
9 nihon 10 university
10 university 11 japanese
11 japanese 13 study
12 longitudinal 13 study
13 study 14 of
14 of 16 database
15 aging 16 database

these data [were] collected by interviews conducted before ( november 1999 and march 2000 ) and after [(] november 2001 and december 2001 ) the establishment of ltci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 4 collected
4 collected 16 and
4 collected 26 establishment
5 by 6 interviews
5 by 16 and
6 interviews 7 conducted
6 interviews 12 and
7 conducted 8 before
9 ( 12 and
10 november 11 1999
10 november 12 and
12 and 13 march
12 and 15 )
13 march 14 2000
16 and 17 after
17 after 21 and
19 november 20 2001
19 november 21 and
21 and 22 december
21 and 24 )
22 december 23 2001
25 the 26 establishment
26 establishment 27 of
27 of 28 ltci

among the 3992 individuals who participated in these interviews , 416 of the previous service users , aged ≥65 years , were sampled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 416
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 among 4 individuals
1 among 10 ,
1 among 11 416
2 the 3 3992
3 3992 4 individuals
4 individuals 5 who
4 individuals 6 participated
5 who 6 participated
6 participated 7 in
7 in 9 interviews
8 these 9 interviews
11 416 12 of
11 416 20 years
11 416 22 were
12 of 16 users
13 the 16 users
14 previous 15 service
15 service 16 users
17 , 20 years
18 aged 20 years
19 ≥65 20 years
20 years 21 ,
22 were 23 sampled

the outcome measures were the processes of using ltci services ( application for ltci , certification of long - term care need , and contract with ltci service providers ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 measures
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 were
4 were 6 processes
5 the 6 processes
6 processes 7 of
6 processes 16 certification
7 of 8 using
8 using 10 services
9 ltci 10 services
10 services 12 application
11 ( 12 application
12 application 13 for
12 application 15 ,
13 for 14 ltci
15 , 16 certification
16 certification 17 of
16 certification 30 )
17 of 24 and
18 long 19 -
18 long 20 term
20 term 22 need
21 care 22 need
22 need 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 contract
24 and 26 with
26 with 29 providers
27 ltci 28 service
28 service 29 providers

logistic regression analysis was performed to identify individual factors associated with the process of application for ltci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 logistic 3 analysis
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 performed
5 performed 6 to
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 9 factors
8 individual 9 factors
9 factors 10 associated
9 factors 14 of
9 factors 16 for
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 process
12 the 13 process
14 of 15 application
16 for 17 ltci

results : there were 133 ltci users among the 416 previous service users ( 32.0 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
3 there 4 were
4 were 7 users
5 133 7 users
6 ltci 7 users
7 users 8 among
8 among 13 users
9 the 10 416
10 416 13 users
11 previous 13 users
12 service 13 users
13 users 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 32.0 16 %
16 % 17 )

of the service processes used , 45.5 % of previous service users were applicants , 85.7 % of the applicants were certified individuals , and 88.7 % of those certified used services with service contracts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 of 4 processes
1 of 6 ,
1 of 8 %
2 the 4 processes
3 service 4 processes
4 processes 5 used
7 45.5 8 %
8 % 9 of
8 % 13 were
9 of 12 users
10 previous 11 service
11 service 12 users
13 were 14 applicants
15 , 17 %
15 , 21 were
15 , 25 and
16 85.7 17 %
17 % 18 of
17 % 21 were
18 of 20 applicants
19 the 20 applicants
21 were 23 individuals
22 certified 23 individuals
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 %
25 and 35 contracts
26 88.7 27 %
27 % 28 of
27 % 35 contracts
28 of 32 services
29 those 32 services
30 certified 32 services
31 used 32 services
32 services 33 with
33 with 34 service

in contrast , the application process was significantly difficult for community rehabilitation users ( or , 0.38 : 95 % ci , 0.17 - 0.82 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 process
4 the 6 process
5 application 6 process
6 process 7 was
7 was 8 significantly
7 was 9 difficult
9 difficult 10 for
10 for 13 users
11 community 13 users
12 rehabilitation 13 users
13 users 15 or
13 users 17 0.38
14 ( 15 or
15 or 16 ,
16 , 17 0.38
17 0.38 18 :
18 : 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 24 -
22 , 24 -
23 0.17 24 -
24 - 25 0.82
24 - 26 )

conclusion : only half of the previous service users were applicants , and they had severe diseases or were more dependent for their iadl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 half
2 : 10 were
2 : 13 and
3 only 4 half
4 half 5 of
4 half 10 were
5 of 9 users
6 the 9 users
7 previous 8 service
8 service 9 users
10 were 11 applicants
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 they
13 and 18 or
14 they 18 or
15 had 17 diseases
15 had 18 or
16 severe 17 diseases
18 or 19 were
19 were 21 dependent
20 more 21 dependent
21 dependent 22 for
22 for 24 iadl
23 their 24 iadl

our findings suggest that many individuals who were functionally independent were covered under the welfare - placement system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 individuals
4 that 12 covered
5 many 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 who
6 individuals 8 were
6 individuals 11 were
7 who 8 were
8 were 9 functionally
8 were 10 independent
11 were 12 covered
12 covered 13 under
13 under 15 welfare
14 the 15 welfare
16 - 18 system
16 - 19 .
17 placement 18 system

additionally , low - income individuals did not refrain from applying . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 refrain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 6 individuals
2 , 3 low
3 low 4 -
3 low 6 individuals
5 income 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 refrain
9 refrain 10 from
10 from 11 applying

objectives : to evaluate race - related differences in depression [onset] and recovery in older persons , overall and by sex , and examine race - related differences in mortality according to depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 6 -
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 5 race
6 - 23 and
6 - 27 related
7 related 8 differences
7 related 9 in
7 related 23 and
9 in 12 and
10 depression 12 and
12 and 13 recovery
12 and 22 ,
13 recovery 19 and
14 in 16 persons
14 in 19 and
15 older 16 persons
17 , 18 overall
17 , 19 and
19 and 20 by
20 by 21 sex
23 and 24 examine
24 examine 25 race
26 - 27 related
27 related 28 differences
27 related 32 to
28 differences 29 in
29 in 30 mortality
31 according 32 to
32 to 33 depression

design : prospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 prospective 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study

setting : general [community] in pre - designated zip code areas in memphis , tennessee , and pittsburgh , pennsylvania . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 general
2 : 5 in
2 : 8 designated
5 in 6 pre
7 - 8 designated
8 designated 11 areas
8 designated 12 in
8 designated 19 ,
9 zip 11 areas
10 code 11 areas
12 in 17 and
13 memphis 15 tennessee
13 memphis 17 and
14 , 15 tennessee
15 tennessee 16 ,
17 and 18 pittsburgh
19 , 20 pennsylvania

participants : 3,075 persons aged 70 - 79 years at baseline in the health , aging , and body composition study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 persons
2 : 5 aged
2 : 22 .
3 3,075 4 persons
4 persons 5 aged
5 aged 7 -
6 70 7 -
7 - 8 79
8 79 9 years
9 years 10 at
9 years 21 study
10 at 18 and
11 baseline 12 in
11 baseline 18 and
12 in 14 health
13 the 14 health
14 health 16 aging
15 , 16 aging
16 aging 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 composition
19 body 20 composition

measurements : depression was assessed at eight time points over 10 years using the 10 - item center for epidemiologic studies - depression scale [;] patients were categorized as nondepressed ( [score] less than 8 ) or depressed [(] score of 8 or higher [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 points
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 )(
2 : 3 depression
2 : 5 assessed
3 depression 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 at
6 at 7 eight
7 eight 8 time
7 eight 9 points
8 time 9 points
9 points 10 over
9 points 43 or
11 10 12 years
12 years 13 using
12 years 23 depression
12 years 37 or
13 using 15 10
14 the 15 10
15 10 21 studies
16 - 21 studies
17 item 21 studies
18 center 19 for
18 center 21 studies
19 for 20 epidemiologic
21 studies 22 -
22 - 23 depression
23 depression 26 patients
23 depression 27 were
23 depression 28 categorized
23 depression 30 nondepressed
23 depression 35 8
23 depression 36 )
24 scale 26 patients
26 patients 27 were
29 as 30 nondepressed
31 ( 35 8
33 less 34 than
34 than 35 8
35 8 36 )
37 or 40 score
37 or 41 of
37 or 43 or
38 depressed 40 score
41 of 42 8
43 or 44 higher

we created variables for transitions across each 18 [-] month time interval , namely , from nondepressed or depressed to nondepressed , depressed , [or] death , and determined the association between race and the average likelihood of these transitions over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 we 2 created
2 created 3 variables
2 created 14 namely
2 created 16 from
2 created 20 to
3 variables 4 for
4 for 5 transitions
5 transitions 6 across
6 across 12 interval
7 each 12 interval
8 18 12 interval
10 month 12 interval
11 time 12 interval
13 , 14 namely
14 namely 15 ,
16 from 18 or
17 nondepressed 18 or
18 or 19 depressed
20 to 22 ,
21 nondepressed 22 ,
22 , 23 depressed
24 , 28 and
26 death 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 37 likelihood
28 and 38 of
29 determined 37 likelihood
30 the 31 association
31 association 32 between
31 association 34 and
32 between 33 race
34 and 36 average
34 and 37 likelihood
35 the 36 average
38 of 40 transitions
39 these 40 transitions
40 transitions 41 over
41 over 42 time

results : a higher percentage of blacks than whites were depressed at nearly all time points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 percentage
3 a 5 percentage
4 higher 5 percentage
5 percentage 6 of
6 of 7 blacks
8 than 9 whites
8 than 10 were
9 whites 10 were
10 were 11 depressed
11 depressed 12 at
12 at 16 points
13 nearly 14 all
14 all 16 points
15 time 16 points

blacks also had [a] higher likelihood of transitioning from nondepressed [to] death ( or : 1.79 ; 95 % ci : 1.30 - 2.46 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 blacks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 blacks 3 had
2 also 3 had
3 had 6 likelihood
3 had 9 from
5 higher 6 likelihood
6 likelihood 7 of
7 of 8 transitioning
9 from 12 death
10 nondepressed 12 death
12 death 14 or
13 ( 14 or
14 or 15 :
15 : 16 1.79
15 : 17 ;
15 : 21 :
17 ; 20 ci
18 95 20 ci
19 % 20 ci
21 : 22 1.30
22 1.30 24 2.46
23 - 24 2.46
24 2.46 25 )

overall and in sex - stratified analyses , race was not associated with recovery from depression or with the transition from depression to death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 and 9 race
2 and 10 was
3 in 4 sex
3 in 8 ,
3 in 9 race
4 sex 7 analyses
5 - 7 analyses
6 stratified 7 analyses
7 analyses 8 ,
9 race 10 was
10 was 11 not
10 was 13 with
10 was 23 to
11 not 12 associated
13 with 14 recovery
14 recovery 17 or
15 from 16 depression
15 from 17 or
17 or 18 with
18 with 20 transition
19 the 20 transition
20 transition 21 from
21 from 22 depression
23 to 24 death

conclusion : our findings highlight race differences in depression in older persons and encourage further research on the course of depression in older black patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 13 and
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 13 and
5 highlight 7 differences
5 highlight 8 in
5 highlight 10 in
5 highlight 13 and
6 race 7 differences
8 in 9 depression
10 in 12 persons
11 older 12 persons
13 and 14 encourage
13 and 22 in
14 encourage 16 research
14 encourage 17 on
15 further 16 research
17 on 19 course
18 the 19 course
19 course 20 of
20 of 21 depression
22 in 25 patients
23 older 25 patients
24 black 25 patients

objectives : the present study examines racial/ethnic variations in the relation [between] body mass index ( bmi ) and cognitive function among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 examines
2 : 25 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 examines
6 examines 19 and
6 examines 22 among
7 racial/ethnic 8 variations
8 variations 9 in
8 variations 19 and
9 in 15 index
10 the 15 index
11 relation 15 index
13 body 15 index
14 mass 15 index
15 index 17 bmi
16 ( 17 bmi
17 bmi 18 )
19 and 21 function
20 cognitive 21 function
22 among 24 adults
23 older 24 adults

design : cross - sectional study of secondary data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 study
5 sectional 6 study
6 study 7 of
7 of 9 data
8 secondary 9 data

setting : data were obtained from the 2010 health and retirement study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 5 obtained
2 : 13 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 obtained
5 obtained 6 from
6 from 10 and
7 the 8 2010
8 2010 9 health
9 health 10 and
10 and 12 study
11 retirement 12 study

participants : racial/ethnic groups analyzed were black ( n = 546 ) , hispanic ( n = 110 ) , and [non] [-] hispanic white ( n = 4,104 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 groups
2 : 6 were
2 : 13 ,
2 : 31 .
3 racial/ethnic 4 groups
4 groups 5 analyzed
4 groups 6 were
6 were 7 black
7 black 10 =
8 ( 10 =
9 n 10 =
10 = 11 546
10 = 12 )
13 , 21 and
13 , 25 white
14 hispanic 17 =
14 hispanic 21 and
15 ( 17 =
16 n 17 =
17 = 18 110
17 = 19 )
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 hispanic
21 and 25 white
25 white 28 =
26 ( 28 =
27 n 28 =
28 = 29 4,104
28 = 30 )

measurements : bmi [was] calculated based on self [-] reported height and weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 12 and
3 bmi 5 calculated
3 bmi 6 based
3 bmi 12 and
6 based 7 on
7 on 11 height
8 self 10 reported
10 reported 11 height
12 and 13 weight

cognitive [function] was measured [based] on telephone interview for cognitive status - health and retirement study version scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cognitive 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 6 on
4 measured 9 for
6 on 8 interview
7 telephone 8 interview
9 for 11 status
10 cognitive 11 status
12 - 14 and
13 health 14 and
14 and 18 scores
15 retirement 16 study
16 study 18 scores
17 version 18 scores

results : significant main effects were found for both bmi and race/ethnicity , indicating that cognitive function varies significantly by both . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 significant
3 significant 5 effects
3 significant 7 found
4 main 5 effects
5 effects 6 were
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 for
8 for 11 and
9 both 11 and
10 bmi 11 and
11 and 12 race/ethnicity
13 , 14 indicating
13 , 18 varies
14 indicating 17 function
14 indicating 18 varies
15 that 17 function
16 cognitive 17 function
18 varies 19 significantly
18 varies 20 by
20 by 21 both

the bmi × race/ethnicity interaction was also found to be significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 5 interaction
2 bmi 5 interaction
3 × 5 interaction
4 race/ethnicity 5 interaction
5 interaction 6 was
6 was 8 found
7 also 8 found
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 significant

the interaction revealed that among the white sample cognitive function scores tended to increase as bmi increased whereas the opposite relation was observed in the hispanic sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 observed
1 the 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 11 scores
4 that 12 tended
5 among 8 sample
5 among 11 scores
6 the 8 sample
7 white 8 sample
9 cognitive 11 scores
10 function 11 scores
11 scores 12 tended
12 tended 13 to
12 tended 23 observed
13 to 14 increase
14 increase 15 as
15 as 16 bmi
16 bmi 17 increased
17 increased 18 whereas
18 whereas 20 opposite
19 the 20 opposite
20 opposite 21 relation
20 opposite 22 was
20 opposite 23 observed
21 relation 22 was
23 observed 24 in
23 observed 28 .
24 in 27 sample
25 the 27 sample
26 hispanic 27 sample

the black sample displayed a similar pattern as the white sample , although a decrease was observed in cognitive function scores once bmi reached obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 sample
2 black 3 sample
3 sample 4 displayed
4 displayed 7 pattern
4 displayed 8 as
4 displayed 13 although
5 a 6 similar
5 a 7 pattern
6 similar 7 pattern
8 as 11 sample
9 the 11 sample
10 white 11 sample
12 , 13 although
13 although 15 decrease
14 a 15 decrease
15 decrease 16 was
16 was 17 observed
17 observed 18 in
17 observed 22 once
18 in 21 scores
19 cognitive 20 function
20 function 21 scores
22 once 23 bmi
22 once 24 reached
23 bmi 24 reached
24 reached 25 obesity

conclusion : the results suggest that the relation between bmi and cognitive function does vary by race ethnicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 relation
6 that 15 vary
7 the 8 relation
8 relation 9 between
8 relation 14 does
9 between 11 and
10 bmi 11 and
11 and 13 function
12 cognitive 13 function
14 does 15 vary
15 vary 16 by
16 by 18 ethnicity
17 race 18 ethnicity

therefore , it can be concluded that high or low bmi may vary [as] a risk or protective factor for cognitive dysfunction among older adults by race/ethnicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 it
3 it 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 concluded
6 concluded 8 high
7 that 8 high
9 or 11 bmi
9 or 13 vary
10 low 11 bmi
11 bmi 12 may
12 may 13 vary
13 vary 17 or
13 vary 23 among
15 a 16 risk
16 risk 17 or
17 or 19 factor
17 or 20 for
18 protective 19 factor
20 for 22 dysfunction
21 cognitive 22 dysfunction
23 among 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
25 adults 26 by
26 by 27 race/ethnicity

implications for research and clinical work are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 7 are
2 for 4 and
3 research 4 and
4 and 6 work
5 clinical 6 work
7 are 8 discussed

task performance for behaviors that engage motor cognitive processes may be particularly sensitive to age - related changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 task 2 performance
2 performance 3 for
2 performance 10 may
3 for 4 behaviors
4 behaviors 5 that
4 behaviors 6 engage
5 that 6 engage
6 engage 9 processes
7 motor 9 processes
8 cognitive 9 processes
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 particularly
11 be 13 sensitive
13 sensitive 14 to
13 sensitive 15 age
14 to 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 changes
17 related 19 .

one well [-] studied model [of] cognitive motor function involves engagement of action selection ( as ) processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 one 9 function
2 well 4 studied
4 studied 5 model
5 model 9 function
7 cognitive 8 motor
8 motor 9 function
9 function 10 involves
10 involves 11 engagement
11 engagement 12 of
12 of 13 action
13 action 14 selection
13 action 18 processes
14 selection 16 as
14 selection 18 processes
15 ( 16 as
16 as 17 )

in young adults , task conditions that add as demands result in increased preparation times and greater engagement of bilateral dorsal premotor ( pmd ) [and] parietal cortices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 adults
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 conditions
2 young 3 adults
5 task 6 conditions
6 conditions 7 that
6 conditions 8 add
6 conditions 11 result
7 that 8 add
8 add 10 demands
9 as 10 demands
11 result 12 in
12 in 16 and
13 increased 14 preparation
14 preparation 15 times
15 times 16 and
16 and 18 engagement
16 and 19 of
17 greater 18 engagement
19 of 28 cortices
20 bilateral 28 cortices
21 dorsal 28 cortices
22 premotor 24 pmd
22 premotor 28 cortices
23 ( 24 pmd
24 pmd 25 )
27 parietal 28 cortices

the current study investigated the behavioral and neural response to a change in motor cognitive demands in older adults through the addition of as to a movement task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 9 response
4 investigated 10 to
4 investigated 13 in
4 investigated 17 in
4 investigated 25 to
5 the 9 response
6 behavioral 7 and
7 and 8 neural
7 and 9 response
10 to 12 change
11 a 12 change
13 in 16 demands
14 motor 16 demands
15 cognitive 16 demands
17 in 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
19 adults 20 through
19 adults 23 of
20 through 22 addition
21 the 22 addition
23 of 24 as
25 to 28 task
26 a 27 movement
26 a 28 task
27 movement 28 task

sixteen older adults made a joystick movement under two conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 sixteen 3 adults
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 made
4 made 6 joystick
4 made 7 movement
4 made 8 under
4 made 11 during
5 a 6 joystick
8 under 10 conditions
9 two 10 conditions
11 during 15 imaging
12 functional 14 resonance
13 magnetic 14 resonance
14 resonance 15 imaging

in the as condition , participants moved right or left based on an abstract rule [;] in the execution only ( eo ) condition , participants moved in the same direction on every trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 moved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 4 condition
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 participants
2 the 4 condition
3 as 4 condition
6 participants 7 moved
7 moved 24 condition
8 right 9 or
9 or 10 left
9 or 11 based
9 or 22 eo
9 or 24 condition
11 based 12 on
11 based 17 in
11 based 20 only
12 on 15 rule
13 an 14 abstract
13 an 15 rule
14 abstract 15 rule
17 in 19 execution
18 the 19 execution
21 ( 22 eo
22 eo 23 )
25 , 26 participants
25 , 27 moved
26 participants 27 moved
27 moved 28 in
27 moved 32 on
28 in 31 direction
29 the 30 same
29 the 31 direction
32 on 34 trial
33 every 34 trial

across participants , the as condition , as compared [to] the eo condition , was associated with longer reaction time and increased activation of left inferior parietal lobule . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 condition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 across 2 participants
1 across 3 ,
1 across 6 condition
4 the 6 condition
5 as 6 condition
6 condition 9 compared
6 condition 21 and
7 , 9 compared
8 as 9 compared
9 compared 13 condition
9 compared 14 ,
11 the 13 condition
12 eo 13 condition
15 was 16 associated
15 was 21 and
16 associated 17 with
17 with 20 time
18 longer 19 reaction
19 reaction 20 time
21 and 22 increased
21 and 23 activation
23 activation 24 of
24 of 28 lobule
25 left 28 lobule
26 inferior 28 lobule
27 parietal 28 lobule

variability in [behavioral] response to the as task between participants related to differences in brain [function] and structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 variability 4 response
1 variability 5 to
1 variability 11 related
2 in 4 response
5 to 8 task
6 the 8 task
7 as 8 task
8 task 9 between
9 between 10 participants
11 related 12 to
11 related 14 in
12 to 13 differences
14 in 17 and
15 brain 17 and
17 and 18 structure

overall , individuals with poorer as task performance showed greater activation in left pmd and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased structural integrity of white matter tracts that connect sensorimotor , frontal , and parietal regions - key regions for as task performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 -
1 overall 2 ,
2 , 29 sensorimotor
2 , 30 ,
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 19 and
4 with 6 as
5 poorer 6 as
6 as 8 performance
6 as 9 showed
7 task 8 performance
8 performance 9 showed
9 showed 11 activation
9 showed 12 in
10 greater 11 activation
12 in 15 and
13 left 14 pmd
14 pmd 15 and
15 and 18 cortex
16 dorsolateral 18 cortex
17 prefrontal 18 cortex
19 and 22 integrity
19 and 23 of
19 and 29 sensorimotor
20 decreased 22 integrity
21 structural 22 integrity
23 of 26 tracts
24 white 25 matter
25 matter 26 tracts
26 tracts 27 that
26 tracts 28 connect
27 that 28 connect
30 , 31 frontal
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 regions
34 parietal 35 regions
36 - 38 regions
36 - 41 task
36 - 43 .
37 key 38 regions
38 regions 39 for
38 regions 41 task
39 for 40 as
41 task 42 performance

additionally , two distinct patterns of functional connectivity were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 5 patterns
3 two 5 patterns
4 distinct 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 of
5 patterns 9 were
6 of 8 connectivity
7 functional 8 connectivity
9 were 10 found

participants with a pattern of decreased primary motor [-] pmd connectivity in response to the as condition , compared to those with a pattern of increased connectivity , were older and had poorer behavioral performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 participants 2 with
1 participants 31 and
2 with 4 pattern
3 a 4 pattern
4 pattern 5 of
5 of 11 connectivity
6 decreased 8 motor
7 primary 8 motor
8 motor 11 connectivity
10 pmd 11 connectivity
11 connectivity 13 response
11 connectivity 14 to
11 connectivity 19 compared
12 in 13 response
14 to 17 condition
15 the 17 condition
16 as 17 condition
18 , 19 compared
19 compared 20 to
19 compared 22 with
19 compared 28 ,
20 to 21 those
22 with 24 pattern
23 a 24 pattern
24 pattern 25 of
25 of 27 connectivity
26 increased 27 connectivity
29 were 30 older
29 were 31 and
31 and 32 had
32 had 35 performance
33 poorer 35 performance
34 behavioral 35 performance

these neural changes in response to increased motor cognitive demands may be a marker for age - related changes in the motor system and have an impact on the learning of novel , complex motor skills in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 3 changes
2 neural 3 changes
3 changes 5 response
3 changes 6 to
3 changes 11 may
4 in 5 response
6 to 10 demands
7 increased 8 motor
8 motor 10 demands
9 cognitive 10 demands
11 may 12 be
12 be 14 marker
13 a 14 marker
14 marker 15 for
15 for 16 age
17 - 24 and
18 related 19 changes
18 related 20 in
18 related 24 and
20 in 23 system
21 the 23 system
22 motor 23 system
24 and 25 have
25 have 27 impact
25 have 37 in
26 an 27 impact
27 impact 28 on
28 on 30 learning
29 the 30 learning
30 learning 31 of
31 of 36 skills
32 novel 33 ,
32 novel 34 complex
34 complex 36 skills
35 motor 36 skills
37 in 39 adults
38 older 39 adults

background [:] previous studies on nonagenarians have widely investigated functional and cognitive decline , falls , predictors of mortality , inflammation and aging genetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 background 4 studies
1 background 7 have
1 background 14 ,
3 previous 4 studies
4 studies 5 on
4 studies 7 have
5 on 6 nonagenarians
8 widely 9 investigated
9 investigated 11 and
9 investigated 14 ,
10 functional 11 and
11 and 13 decline
12 cognitive 13 decline
14 , 15 falls
16 , 22 and
17 predictors 18 of
17 predictors 20 ,
18 of 19 mortality
20 , 21 inflammation
20 , 22 and
22 and 24 genetics
23 aging 24 genetics

however , some intriguing domains , such as body composition , daily energy expenditure , sleep quality and physical activity , as well as endothelial progenitor cells and " omics " fields , such as proteomics or metabolomics , have been poorly explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 fields
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 some
3 some 4 intriguing
3 some 32 fields
4 intriguing 5 domains
4 intriguing 8 as
4 intriguing 24 as
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 18 and
8 as 21 ,
9 body 10 composition
10 composition 11 ,
11 , 14 expenditure
11 , 15 ,
12 daily 13 energy
13 energy 14 expenditure
15 , 17 quality
15 , 18 and
16 sleep 17 quality
18 and 20 activity
19 physical 20 activity
22 as 23 well
23 well 24 as
24 as 28 and
25 endothelial 26 progenitor
26 progenitor 27 cells
27 cells 28 and
28 and 29 "
28 and 30 omics
30 omics 31 "
32 fields 35 as
33 , 35 as
34 such 35 as
35 as 37 or
35 as 39 ,
36 proteomics 37 or
37 or 38 metabolomics
39 , 40 have
40 have 41 been
41 been 43 explored
42 poorly 43 explored

in this preliminary paper we report design , methods and characteristics of participants in the mugello study , a survey of nonagenarians aimed at filling these gaps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 4 paper
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 preliminary
3 preliminary 4 paper
5 we 6 report
6 report 7 design
7 design 10 and
8 , 10 and
9 methods 10 and
10 and 11 characteristics
10 and 12 of
10 and 18 ,
12 of 13 participants
13 participants 14 in
14 in 17 study
15 the 17 study
16 mugello 17 study
18 , 20 survey
18 , 23 aimed
19 a 20 survey
20 survey 21 of
20 survey 23 aimed
21 of 22 nonagenarians
23 aimed 24 at
24 at 25 filling
25 filling 27 gaps
26 these 27 gaps

methods : 475 [non] selected nonagenarians , 130 men and 345 women , mean age 92.6 years ± [sd] 2.6 , received a visit by a trained physician at their residence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 nonagenarians
3 475 5 selected
5 selected 6 nonagenarians
7 , 10 and
7 , 22 received
8 130 9 men
9 men 10 and
10 and 12 women
10 and 18 ±
10 and 22 received
11 345 12 women
13 , 18 ±
14 mean 18 ±
15 age 18 ±
16 92.6 17 years
17 years 18 ±
18 ± 20 2.6
18 ± 21 ,
22 received 24 visit
22 received 29 at
23 a 24 visit
24 visit 25 by
25 by 28 physician
26 a 28 physician
27 trained 28 physician
29 at 31 residence
30 their 31 residence

along with the assessment of social , functional and cognitive status , reported in this paper , participants also underwent instrumental examinations , including body impedance assessment and continuous direct calorimetry , and were administered a series of validated questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 along 2 with
2 with 4 assessment
2 with 18 participants
3 the 4 assessment
4 assessment 5 of
5 of 11 status
6 social 7 ,
7 , 8 functional
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 cognitive
9 and 11 status
11 status 13 reported
12 , 13 reported
13 reported 14 in
13 reported 17 ,
14 in 16 paper
15 this 16 paper
18 participants 20 underwent
19 also 20 underwent
20 underwent 22 examinations
21 instrumental 22 examinations
23 , 24 including
23 , 39 validated
24 including 26 impedance
24 including 39 validated
25 body 26 impedance
26 impedance 28 and
26 impedance 38 of
27 assessment 28 and
28 and 29 continuous
28 and 33 and
30 direct 31 calorimetry
30 direct 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 were
33 and 37 series
34 were 35 administered
36 a 37 series
37 series 38 of
39 validated 40 questionnaires

further , 385 participants accepted to undergo blood withdrawal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 participants
3 385 4 participants
4 participants 5 accepted
4 participants 6 to
4 participants 7 undergo
4 participants 8 blood
6 to 7 undergo
8 blood 9 withdrawal

results : in 52 cases the visit was conducted in nursing homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 visit
2 : 9 conducted
2 : 13 .
3 in 5 cases
3 in 7 visit
4 52 5 cases
6 the 7 visit
7 visit 8 was
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 in
10 in 11 nursing
11 nursing 12 homes

among the 423 home - living participants , 91 lived alone and [77] were not looked after [by] any caregiver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 91
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 looked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 among 4 home
1 among 8 ,
1 among 9 91
2 the 4 home
3 423 4 home
4 home 7 participants
5 - 7 participants
6 living 7 participants
7 participants 8 ,
9 91 12 and
9 91 16 looked
10 lived 11 alone
10 lived 12 and
12 and 14 were
14 were 15 not
16 looked 17 after
17 after 19 any
17 after 20 caregiver
19 any 20 caregiver

altogether , 154 participants over 475 were free from disabilities and 266 showed mini mental state examination raw scores ≥ 21 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 altogether 2 ,
1 altogether 4 participants
3 154 4 participants
4 participants 5 over
4 participants 7 were
5 over 6 475
7 were 8 free
8 free 9 from
9 from 10 disabilities
11 and 12 266
11 and 13 showed
12 266 13 showed
13 showed 17 examination
13 showed 19 scores
13 showed 20 ≥
14 mini 15 mental
15 mental 16 state
16 state 17 examination
18 raw 19 scores
19 scores 20 ≥
20 ≥ 21 21

men showed less disability and cognitive impairment ( p<0.001 , for both ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 men 2 showed
2 showed 4 disability
2 showed 5 and
3 less 4 disability
5 and 7 impairment
6 cognitive 7 impairment
7 impairment 9 p<0.001
7 impairment 11 for
8 ( 9 p<0.001
9 p<0.001 10 ,
10 , 11 for
11 for 12 both
11 for 13 )

conclusions : as a whole , our findings are comparable to those reported in other surveys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 findings
2 : 9 are
2 : 17 .
3 as 5 whole
3 as 6 ,
3 as 8 findings
4 a 5 whole
7 our 8 findings
8 findings 9 are
9 are 10 comparable
10 comparable 11 to
11 to 12 those
12 those 13 reported
13 reported 14 in
14 in 16 surveys
15 other 16 surveys

future studies , by using the mugello study database and biologic bank , that will be available to all researchers , will shed some more light on the aging process in nonagenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 future 2 studies
3 , 10 and
3 , 26 light
4 by 5 using
4 by 10 and
5 using 7 mugello
6 the 7 mugello
8 study 9 database
9 database 10 and
10 and 12 bank
10 and 14 that
10 and 23 shed
10 and 26 light
11 biologic 12 bank
13 , 14 that
14 that 15 will
14 that 23 shed
15 will 21 ,
16 be 17 available
16 be 21 ,
17 available 18 to
18 to 20 researchers
19 all 20 researchers
21 , 22 will
22 will 23 shed
23 shed 25 more
24 some 25 more
26 light 27 on
26 light 31 in
27 on 30 process
28 the 30 process
29 aging 30 process
31 in 32 nonagenarians

control of osteoblastic bone formation involves the cumulative action of numerous transcription factors , including both activating and repressive functions that are important during specific stages of differentiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 involves
1 control 2 of
1 control 6 involves
2 of 5 formation
3 osteoblastic 4 bone
4 bone 5 formation
6 involves 9 action
7 the 9 action
8 cumulative 9 action
9 action 10 of
10 of 13 factors
11 numerous 12 transcription
12 transcription 13 factors
13 factors 15 including
14 , 15 including
15 including 20 functions
15 including 29 .
16 both 20 functions
17 activating 18 and
18 and 19 repressive
18 and 20 functions
20 functions 21 that
20 functions 22 are
21 that 22 are
22 are 23 important
23 important 24 during
24 during 26 stages
25 specific 26 stages
26 stages 27 of
27 of 28 differentiation

the nuclear receptor retinoic acid receptor - related orphan receptor β ( rorβ ) has been recently shown to suppress the osteogenic phenotype in cultured osteoblasts , and is highly upregulated in bone marrow - derived osteogenic precursors isolated from aged osteoporotic mice , [suggesting] rorβ is an important regulator of osteoblast function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 receptor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 6 receptor
2 nuclear 3 receptor
3 receptor 6 receptor
4 retinoic 5 acid
5 acid 6 receptor
6 receptor 28 and
7 - 8 related
8 related 11 β
8 related 15 has
9 orphan 11 β
10 receptor 11 β
11 β 13 rorβ
12 ( 13 rorβ
13 rorβ 14 )
15 has 16 been
15 has 28 and
16 been 17 recently
16 been 18 shown
18 shown 19 to
18 shown 24 in
19 to 20 suppress
20 suppress 23 phenotype
21 the 23 phenotype
22 osteogenic 23 phenotype
24 in 26 osteoblasts
25 cultured 26 osteoblasts
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 is
28 and 38 precursors
29 is 31 upregulated
30 highly 31 upregulated
31 upregulated 32 in
31 upregulated 35 -
31 upregulated 36 derived
32 in 34 marrow
33 bone 34 marrow
37 osteogenic 38 precursors
38 precursors 39 isolated
38 precursors 40 from
40 from 43 mice
41 aged 43 mice
42 osteoporotic 43 mice
44 , 46 rorβ
44 , 53 function
46 rorβ 47 is
47 is 50 regulator
47 is 53 function
48 an 50 regulator
49 important 50 regulator
50 regulator 51 of
51 of 52 osteoblast

however the specific gene expression patterns elicited by rorβ are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 6 patterns
2 the 6 patterns
3 specific 4 gene
4 gene 6 patterns
5 expression 6 patterns
6 patterns 7 elicited
6 patterns 10 are
7 elicited 8 by
8 by 9 rorβ
10 are 11 unknown

using microarray analysis , we identified 281 genes regulated by rorβ in an mc3t3 [-] e1 mouse osteoblast cell model ( mc3t3 - rorβ - gfp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 using 3 analysis
1 using 4 ,
1 using 5 we
2 microarray 3 analysis
5 we 6 identified
6 identified 8 genes
7 281 8 genes
8 genes 9 regulated
8 genes 22 mc3t3
9 regulated 10 by
10 by 11 rorβ
11 rorβ 12 in
12 in 20 model
13 an 20 model
14 mc3t3 16 e1
16 e1 19 cell
17 mouse 18 osteoblast
18 osteoblast 19 cell
19 cell 20 model
21 ( 22 mc3t3
22 mc3t3 26 gfp
22 mc3t3 27 )
23 - 26 gfp
24 rorβ 26 gfp
25 - 26 gfp
26 gfp 27 )

pathway analysis revealed alterations in genes involved in mapk signaling , genes involved in extracellular [matrix] ( ecm ) regulation , and cytokine - receptor interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 pathway 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 alterations
4 alterations 5 in
4 alterations 22 and
5 in 6 genes
6 genes 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
8 in 9 mapk
9 mapk 10 signaling
9 mapk 12 genes
11 , 12 genes
12 genes 13 involved
12 genes 14 in
12 genes 21 ,
14 in 20 regulation
15 extracellular 18 ecm
15 extracellular 19 )
15 extracellular 20 regulation
17 ( 18 ecm
18 ecm 19 )
22 and 23 cytokine
24 - 26 interactions
24 - 27 .
25 receptor 26 interactions

whereas the identified rorβ - regulated ecm genes normally decline during osteoblastic differentiation , they were highly upregulated in this [non] - mineralizing mc3t3 - rorβ - gfp model system , suggesting that rorβ may exert its anti - osteogenic effects through ecm disruption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 whereas 4 rorβ
1 whereas 5 -
1 whereas 8 genes
2 the 4 rorβ
3 identified 4 rorβ
6 regulated 8 genes
7 ecm 8 genes
8 genes 10 decline
9 normally 10 decline
10 decline 11 during
11 during 13 differentiation
12 osteoblastic 13 differentiation
14 , 15 they
14 , 18 upregulated
14 , 25 -
15 they 16 were
16 were 18 upregulated
17 highly 18 upregulated
18 upregulated 19 in
18 upregulated 23 mineralizing
19 in 20 this
22 - 23 mineralizing
23 mineralizing 24 mc3t3
23 mineralizing 25 -
25 - 30 system
25 - 31 ,
26 rorβ 28 gfp
27 - 28 gfp
28 gfp 30 system
29 model 30 system
31 , 32 suggesting
31 , 36 exert
32 suggesting 34 rorβ
32 suggesting 35 may
33 that 34 rorβ
35 may 36 exert
36 exert 41 effects
36 exert 42 through
37 its 41 effects
38 anti 39 -
38 anti 41 effects
40 osteogenic 41 effects
42 through 44 disruption
43 ecm 44 disruption

consistent with these in vitro findings , the expression of both rorβ and a subset of rorβ - regulated genes were increased in bone [biopsies] from postmenopausal women ( 73±7 years old ) compared to premenopausal women ( 30±5 years old ) , suggesting a role for rorβ in human age - related bone loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 related
1 consistent 6 findings
2 with 3 these
2 with 6 findings
4 in 5 vitro
5 vitro 6 findings
6 findings 9 expression
6 findings 34 compared
7 , 9 expression
8 the 9 expression
9 expression 10 of
9 expression 13 and
9 expression 24 bone
9 expression 33 )
10 of 11 both
12 rorβ 13 and
13 and 15 subset
13 and 18 -
13 and 19 regulated
13 and 20 genes
13 and 23 in
13 and 24 bone
14 a 15 subset
15 subset 16 of
16 of 17 rorβ
20 genes 21 were
21 were 22 increased
22 increased 23 in
24 bone 26 from
26 from 28 women
27 postmenopausal 28 women
28 women 30 73±7
29 ( 30 73±7
30 73±7 32 old
30 73±7 33 )
31 years 32 old
34 compared 35 to
35 to 37 women
36 premenopausal 37 women
37 women 39 30±5
37 women 44 suggesting
38 ( 39 30±5
39 30±5 41 old
39 30±5 42 )
40 years 41 old
43 , 44 suggesting
44 suggesting 46 role
44 suggesting 49 in
44 suggesting 52 -
45 a 46 role
46 role 47 for
47 for 48 rorβ
49 in 51 age
50 human 51 age
52 - 53 related
53 related 55 loss
53 related 56 .
54 bone 55 loss

collectively , these data demonstrate that rorβ regulates known osteogenic pathways , and may represent a novel therapeutic target for age - associated bone loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 6 that
6 that 7 rorβ
6 that 13 and
7 rorβ 13 and
8 regulates 11 pathways
8 regulates 13 and
9 known 11 pathways
10 osteogenic 11 pathways
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 may
14 may 15 represent
15 represent 19 target
16 a 17 novel
16 a 19 target
17 novel 19 target
18 therapeutic 19 target
19 target 20 for
20 for 21 age
22 - 25 loss
23 associated 24 bone
24 bone 25 loss

anti - aging chinese medicines have been used in traditional beverages to promote health and prevent diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 medicines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 anti 2 -
1 anti 5 medicines
3 aging 5 medicines
4 chinese 5 medicines
5 medicines 15 and
6 have 7 been
6 have 15 and
7 been 8 used
8 used 9 in
8 used 12 to
8 used 13 promote
9 in 11 beverages
10 traditional 11 beverages
12 to 13 promote
13 promote 14 health
15 and 16 prevent
16 prevent 17 diseases

interestingly , these functional beverages may be used differently between men and women , reflecting the " yin - yang " philosophy of chinese medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 beverages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 5 beverages
3 these 5 beverages
4 functional 5 beverages
5 beverages 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 used
8 used 9 differently
9 differently 10 between
10 between 11 men
12 and 13 women
12 and 20 yang
13 women 15 reflecting
13 women 20 yang
14 , 15 reflecting
15 reflecting 18 yin
15 reflecting 19 -
16 the 17 "
16 the 18 yin
20 yang 21 "
20 yang 22 philosophy
22 philosophy 23 of
23 of 25 medicine
24 chinese 25 medicine

modern studies have revealed that some dietary natural products can slow aging in model organisms , and functional beverages containing such products have recently emerged in chinese [market] , challenging the dominance of traditional functional beverages . 
1 modern 12 aging
1 modern 13 in
1 modern 17 and
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 that
5 that 6 some
5 that 12 aging
6 some 9 products
6 some 11 slow
6 some 12 aging
7 dietary 9 products
8 natural 9 products
9 products 10 can
10 can 11 slow
13 in 15 organisms
14 model 15 organisms
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 beverages
17 and 23 have
18 functional 19 beverages
19 beverages 20 containing
20 containing 22 products
21 such 22 products
23 have 25 emerged
24 recently 25 emerged
25 emerged 26 in
26 in 27 chinese
27 chinese 30 challenging
29 , 30 challenging
30 challenging 32 dominance
30 challenging 37 .
31 the 32 dominance
32 dominance 33 of
33 of 36 beverages
34 traditional 36 beverages
35 functional 36 beverages

here we summarize both traditional anti - aging herbs and modern natural dietary compounds currently used in functional beverages in china , and also briefly outline the underlying mechanisms of the beverages in slowing aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 23 and
3 summarize 10 and
3 summarize 23 and
4 both 10 and
5 traditional 9 herbs
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 9 herbs
8 aging 9 herbs
9 herbs 10 and
10 and 14 compounds
11 modern 14 compounds
12 natural 14 compounds
13 dietary 14 compounds
14 compounds 16 used
15 currently 16 used
16 used 17 in
16 used 20 in
17 in 19 beverages
18 functional 19 beverages
20 in 21 china
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 outline
24 also 26 outline
25 briefly 26 outline
26 outline 29 mechanisms
27 the 29 mechanisms
28 underlying 29 mechanisms
29 mechanisms 30 of
29 mechanisms 33 in
30 of 32 beverages
31 the 32 beverages
33 in 34 slowing
34 slowing 36 process
35 aging 36 process

recent studies have uncovered important aging clues , including free radicals , inflammation , telomeres , and life span pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 uncovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 uncovered
4 uncovered 7 clues
5 important 7 clues
6 aging 7 clues
7 clues 9 including
8 , 9 including
9 including 11 radicals
9 including 12 ,
10 free 11 radicals
12 , 17 and
12 , 19 span
13 inflammation 14 ,
14 , 15 telomeres
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 life
17 and 19 span
19 span 20 pathways

strategies to regulate aging - associated signaling pathways are expected to be effective in the delay and prevention of age - related disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 strategies 8 pathways
2 to 3 regulate
2 to 5 -
2 to 8 pathways
3 regulate 4 aging
6 associated 8 pathways
7 signaling 8 pathways
8 pathways 9 are
9 are 10 expected
10 expected 11 to
10 expected 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 effective
13 effective 14 in
14 in 17 and
15 the 16 delay
16 delay 17 and
17 and 18 prevention
17 and 19 of
19 of 20 age
21 - 22 related
22 related 23 disorders

for example , herbal polysaccharides with considerable anti - oxidant and anti - inflammation capacities have been shown to be beneficial in aging and age - related neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 11 and
4 herbal 5 polysaccharides
5 polysaccharides 6 with
5 polysaccharides 11 and
6 with 10 oxidant
7 considerable 10 oxidant
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 10 oxidant
11 and 15 capacities
11 and 16 have
12 anti 13 -
12 anti 14 inflammation
14 inflammation 15 capacities
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 shown
18 shown 19 to
19 to 24 and
20 be 21 beneficial
20 be 24 and
21 beneficial 22 in
22 in 23 aging
24 and 25 age
26 - 27 related
27 related 29 diseases
28 neurodegenerative 29 diseases

polysaccharides capable of reducing cellular senescence and modulating life span via telomere and insulin pathways have also been found to have the potential to inhibit protein aggregation and aggregation - associated neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 have
1 polysaccharides 2 capable
1 polysaccharides 7 and
2 capable 3 of
3 of 4 reducing
4 reducing 6 senescence
5 cellular 6 senescence
7 and 10 span
7 and 11 via
8 modulating 10 span
9 life 10 span
11 via 12 telomere
13 and 15 pathways
13 and 19 found
14 insulin 15 pathways
15 pathways 16 have
16 have 18 been
17 also 18 been
18 been 19 found
19 found 20 to
20 to 21 have
21 have 23 potential
21 have 24 to
22 the 23 potential
24 to 25 inhibit
25 inhibit 28 and
26 protein 27 aggregation
27 aggregation 28 and
28 and 29 aggregation
28 and 32 neurodegeneration
30 - 32 neurodegeneration
31 associated 32 neurodegeneration
32 neurodegeneration 33 .

here we present the current status of polysaccharides in anti - aging and anti - neurodegenerative studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 present
3 present 6 status
3 present 9 in
4 the 6 status
5 current 6 status
6 status 7 of
7 of 8 polysaccharides
9 in 13 and
10 anti 11 -
10 anti 12 aging
12 aging 13 and
13 and 17 studies
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 studies
16 neurodegenerative 17 studies

background : the objective of this study was to explore the factor structure of a shortened ten [-] item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale ( ces - [d] 10 ) used in a national survey in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 4 objective
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 explore
10 explore 13 structure
10 explore 37 in
11 the 13 structure
12 factor 13 structure
13 structure 14 of
14 of 19 item
15 a 19 item
16 shortened 19 item
17 ten 19 item
19 item 20 center
19 item 32 used
20 center 21 for
20 center 32 used
21 for 25 scale
22 epidemiologic 23 studies
23 studies 24 depression
24 depression 25 scale
25 scale 27 ces
26 ( 27 ces
27 ces 30 10
27 ces 31 )
28 - 30 10
30 10 31 )
32 used 33 in
33 in 36 survey
34 a 35 national
34 a 36 survey
35 national 36 survey
37 in 38 china

methods : this secondary research is based on the wave i ( 2011 ) of the china health aging retirement and longevity study ( charls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 research
2 : 7 based
2 : 27 .
3 this 4 secondary
4 secondary 5 research
5 research 6 is
6 is 7 based
7 based 8 on
8 on 10 wave
9 the 10 wave
10 wave 11 i
10 wave 13 2011
10 wave 15 of
12 ( 13 2011
13 2011 14 )
15 of 21 and
16 the 20 retirement
17 china 18 health
18 health 19 aging
19 aging 20 retirement
20 retirement 21 and
21 and 25 charls
22 longevity 23 study
23 study 25 charls
24 ( 25 charls
25 charls 26 )

charls recruited a nationally representative community sample of households with members aged 45 years or above . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 charls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 charls 2 recruited
2 recruited 7 sample
3 a 4 nationally
3 a 7 sample
4 nationally 5 representative
5 representative 6 community
6 community 7 sample
7 sample 8 of
8 of 9 households
9 households 15 or
10 with 14 years
10 with 15 or
11 members 12 aged
12 aged 14 years
13 45 14 years
15 or 16 above

a subsample of 742 respondents aged 60 years and older were used for this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subsample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 2 subsample
2 subsample 3 of
2 subsample 6 aged
2 subsample 11 were
3 of 5 respondents
4 742 5 respondents
6 aged 9 and
7 60 8 years
8 years 9 and
9 and 10 older
11 were 12 used
12 used 13 for
13 for 15 study
14 this 15 study

confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test three competing models and determine the best - fit model for the elderly chinese sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 confirmatory 2 factor
2 factor 3 analyses
3 analyses 11 and
4 were 5 conducted
4 were 11 and
5 conducted 6 to
6 to 7 test
7 test 10 models
8 three 10 models
9 competing 10 models
11 and 12 determine
11 and 18 for
12 determine 17 model
13 the 14 best
13 the 17 model
14 best 15 -
16 fit 17 model
18 for 22 sample
19 the 22 sample
20 elderly 22 sample
21 chinese 22 sample

factorial invariance across gender was also examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 invariance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 factorial 2 invariance
2 invariance 3 across
2 invariance 5 was
3 across 4 gender
5 was 6 also
5 was 7 examined

r2 [coefficient] was used to measure the reliability of each item . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 r2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 r2 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 measure
5 to 6 measure
6 measure 8 reliability
7 the 8 reliability
8 reliability 9 of
9 of 11 item
10 each 11 item

results : confirmatory factor analysis supported the two [-] factor model as having the best fit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 fit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 confirmatory
3 confirmatory 5 analysis
3 confirmatory 16 fit
4 factor 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 supported
6 supported 11 model
6 supported 12 as
7 the 11 model
8 two 10 factor
10 factor 11 model
12 as 13 having
12 as 16 fit
13 having 15 best
13 having 16 fit
14 the 15 best

depressive [affect] [and] somatic symptoms [were] the first factor while positive affect was loaded as the second factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 depressive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 depressive 5 symptoms
1 depressive 12 affect
1 depressive 13 was
4 somatic 5 symptoms
5 symptoms 8 first
5 symptoms 9 factor
5 symptoms 12 affect
7 the 8 first
8 first 9 factor
9 factor 10 while
10 while 11 positive
13 was 14 loaded
14 loaded 15 as
15 as 18 factor
16 the 18 factor
17 second 18 factor

the multi - group analysis showed that the two - factor structure varied across the male and female groups in china ( χ2 ( df [=] 86 ) = 144.13 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 4 group
2 multi 3 -
2 multi 4 group
4 group 5 analysis
4 group 6 showed
4 group 29 =
5 analysis 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
6 showed 9 two
8 the 9 two
9 two 17 and
10 - 17 and
11 factor 12 structure
12 structure 13 varied
12 structure 17 and
13 varied 14 across
14 across 16 male
15 the 16 male
17 and 19 groups
17 and 20 in
17 and 23 χ2
17 and 28 )
18 female 19 groups
20 in 21 china
22 ( 23 χ2
23 χ2 25 df
23 χ2 28 )
24 ( 25 df
25 df 27 86
25 df 28 )
29 = 30 144.13
30 144.13 33 <
31 , 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.001
33 < 35 )

moreover , gender differences were indicated by individual item reliability scores , mean score , and prevalence rate of depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 differences
3 gender 4 differences
4 differences 5 were
5 were 6 indicated
6 indicated 7 by
7 by 16 and
8 individual 9 item
9 item 11 scores
10 reliability 11 scores
11 scores 12 ,
12 , 14 score
12 , 16 and
13 mean 14 score
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 rate
16 and 19 of
17 prevalence 18 rate
19 of 21 symptoms
20 depressive 21 symptoms

conclusion : the ces [-] d 10 scale indicated adequate reliability and validity for the community - dwelling older population in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 12 and
2 : 17 -
3 the 11 reliability
4 ces 6 d
4 ces 9 indicated
7 10 8 scale
8 scale 9 indicated
9 indicated 11 reliability
10 adequate 11 reliability
11 reliability 12 and
12 and 13 validity
12 and 14 for
14 for 16 community
15 the 16 community
17 - 20 population
18 dwelling 20 population
19 older 20 population
20 population 21 in
21 in 22 china

in addition , the data revealed that perception and expression of depressive feelings was different between male and female elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 data
4 the 5 data
5 data 6 revealed
6 revealed 8 perception
7 that 8 perception
9 and 10 expression
9 and 14 was
10 expression 11 of
10 expression 14 was
11 of 13 feelings
12 depressive 13 feelings
14 was 15 different
15 different 16 between
16 between 21 people
17 male 18 and
18 and 19 female
18 and 21 people
20 elderly 21 people

objective : cardiovascular risk factors in middle [-] age are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 factors
2 : 11 associated
2 : 20 .
3 cardiovascular 5 factors
4 risk 5 factors
5 factors 6 in
5 factors 10 are
6 in 9 age
7 middle 9 age
10 are 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 17 in
12 with 15 and
13 cognitive 14 impairment
14 impairment 15 and
15 and 16 dementia
17 in 19 age
18 older 19 age

less is known about the burden of calcified subclinical atherosclerosis and cognition , especially in midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 less
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 less 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
3 known 14 especially
4 about 6 burden
5 the 6 burden
6 burden 7 of
7 of 11 and
8 calcified 10 atherosclerosis
9 subclinical 10 atherosclerosis
10 atherosclerosis 11 and
11 and 12 cognition
11 and 13 ,
14 especially 15 in
15 in 16 midlife

we examined the association of coronary [artery] and abdominal aortic calcified plaque ( cac and aac , respectively ) with cognitive functioning in middle [-] aged adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 association
2 examined 18 respectively
2 examined 20 with
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 of
5 of 12 plaque
6 coronary 8 and
8 and 9 abdominal
8 and 12 plaque
10 aortic 12 plaque
11 calcified 12 plaque
12 plaque 16 aac
13 ( 16 aac
14 cac 15 and
15 and 16 aac
16 aac 17 ,
17 , 18 respectively
18 respectively 19 )
20 with 22 functioning
21 cognitive 22 functioning
22 functioning 23 in
23 in 27 adults
24 middle 26 aged
26 aged 27 adults

methods : this cross - sectional study included 2510 black and white adults ( age : 43 - 55 years ) without heart disease or stroke who completed a year 25 follow - up exam [(] 2010 - 11 ) as part of the coronary artery risk development in young adults study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 this 4 cross
5 - 7 study
5 - 8 included
5 - 33 -
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 included
8 included 13 adults
8 included 22 without
9 2510 10 black
10 black 11 and
11 and 12 white
11 and 13 adults
13 adults 20 years
14 ( 20 years
15 age 16 :
16 : 18 -
17 43 18 -
18 - 19 55
19 55 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 without 25 or
23 heart 24 disease
24 disease 25 or
25 or 26 stroke
25 or 27 who
25 or 28 completed
27 who 28 completed
28 completed 30 year
29 a 30 year
30 year 31 25
30 year 32 follow
31 25 32 follow
33 - 34 up
33 - 53 .
34 up 35 exam
34 up 41 as
34 up 49 in
35 exam 37 2010
35 exam 39 11
38 - 39 11
39 11 40 )
41 as 42 part
42 part 43 of
43 of 48 development
44 the 48 development
45 coronary 46 artery
46 artery 47 risk
47 risk 48 development
49 in 52 study
50 young 51 adults
51 adults 52 study

cac and aac were measured with [non] [-] contrast computed tomography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 cac 2 and
2 and 3 aac
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 measured
5 measured 6 with
6 with 9 contrast
6 with 10 computed
10 computed 11 tomography

cognition was assessed with the digit symbol substitution test ( dsst ) ( psychomotor speed ) , stroop test ( executive [function] ) , [and] rey auditory verbal learning test ( ravlt ) ( verbal memory ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 cognition 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 with
4 with 11 dsst
5 the 11 dsst
6 digit 7 symbol
7 symbol 8 substitution
8 substitution 9 test
9 test 11 dsst
10 ( 11 dsst
11 dsst 12 )
11 dsst 15 speed
11 dsst 19 test
13 ( 15 speed
14 psychomotor 15 speed
15 speed 16 )
17 , 19 test
18 stroop 19 test
19 test 21 executive
19 test 32 ravlt
19 test 37 )
20 ( 21 executive
21 executive 23 )
24 , 32 ravlt
26 rey 27 auditory
27 auditory 28 verbal
28 verbal 29 learning
29 learning 30 test
30 test 32 ravlt
31 ( 32 ravlt
32 ravlt 33 )
32 ravlt 36 memory
32 ravlt 37 )
34 ( 36 memory
35 verbal 36 memory
36 memory 37 )

results : a greater amount of cac and aac was associated with worse performance on each test of cognitive function [after] adjustment for age , sex , race , education , and study center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 9 aac
2 : 11 associated
3 a 5 amount
4 greater 5 amount
5 amount 6 of
5 amount 9 aac
6 of 9 aac
7 cac 8 and
8 and 9 aac
9 aac 10 was
10 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 performance
13 worse 14 performance
14 performance 15 on
14 performance 18 of
15 on 17 test
16 each 17 test
18 of 32 and
19 cognitive 22 adjustment
20 function 22 adjustment
22 adjustment 23 for
22 adjustment 25 ,
23 for 24 age
25 , 26 sex
25 , 27 ,
27 , 28 race
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 education
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 center
33 study 34 center

associations were attenuated , but remained significant for the dsst and ravlt following additional adjustment for vascular risk factors , including adiposity , smoking , alcohol use , dyslipidemia , hypertension , and diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 associations 5 but
2 were 3 attenuated
2 were 5 but
4 , 5 but
5 but 6 remained
6 remained 7 significant
7 significant 8 for
7 significant 16 for
8 for 12 ravlt
9 the 12 ravlt
10 dsst 11 and
11 and 12 ravlt
12 ravlt 13 following
13 following 15 adjustment
14 additional 15 adjustment
16 for 19 factors
17 vascular 19 factors
18 risk 19 factors
19 factors 21 including
20 , 21 including
21 including 22 adiposity
21 including 23 ,
23 , 33 and
24 smoking 25 ,
25 , 27 use
25 , 28 ,
26 alcohol 27 use
28 , 31 hypertension
28 , 33 and
29 dyslipidemia 30 ,
29 dyslipidemia 31 hypertension
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 diabetes

compared to participants without cac or aac , those with both cac and aac , but not cac or aac alone was associated with lower dsst scores ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 15 ,
2 to 13 and
3 participants 4 without
3 participants 8 ,
4 without 6 or
5 cac 6 or
6 or 7 aac
8 , 9 those
8 , 13 and
9 those 10 with
10 with 12 cac
11 both 12 cac
13 and 14 aac
15 , 17 not
16 but 17 not
17 not 18 cac
19 or 20 aac
19 or 23 associated
20 aac 22 was
21 alone 22 was
22 was 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
23 associated 30 <
24 with 26 dsst
24 with 27 scores
25 lower 26 dsst
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.05
30 < 32 )

conclusions : in this community - based sample , greater subclinical atherosclerotic calcification was associated with worse psychomotor speed and memory in midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 community
4 this 5 community
6 - 8 sample
6 - 9 ,
6 - 24 .
7 based 8 sample
9 , 13 calcification
9 , 15 associated
10 greater 13 calcification
11 subclinical 13 calcification
12 atherosclerotic 13 calcification
13 calcification 14 was
14 was 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 22 in
16 with 20 and
17 worse 18 psychomotor
18 psychomotor 19 speed
19 speed 20 and
20 and 21 memory
22 in 23 midlife

these findings underscore the importance of a life course approach to the study of cognitive impairment with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underscore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 underscore
3 underscore 5 importance
3 underscore 11 to
3 underscore 17 with
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 10 approach
7 a 8 life
7 a 10 approach
8 life 10 approach
9 course 10 approach
11 to 13 study
12 the 13 study
13 study 14 of
14 of 16 impairment
15 cognitive 16 impairment
17 with 18 aging

background : rhinitis is one of the most frequent medical conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 rhinitis
2 : 4 is
2 : 12 .
3 rhinitis 4 is
4 is 5 one
5 one 6 of
6 of 11 conditions
7 the 8 most
8 most 11 conditions
9 frequent 11 conditions
10 medical 11 conditions

however , there is sparse epidemiologic evidence for rhinitis in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 evidence
5 sparse 7 evidence
6 epidemiologic 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 for
8 for 9 rhinitis
9 rhinitis 10 in
10 in 13 population
11 the 13 population
12 elderly 13 population

objective : to investigate the prevalence of rhinitis in elderly adults and its relations to asthma and other comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 20 .
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 prevalence
4 investigate 9 in
4 investigate 15 to
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 8 rhinitis
9 in 12 and
10 elderly 11 adults
11 adults 12 and
12 and 14 relations
13 its 14 relations
15 to 17 and
16 asthma 17 and
17 and 19 comorbidities
18 other 19 comorbidities

methods : a cross - sectional analysis was performed using the baseline dataset of the korean longitudinal study on health and aging , a community - based elderly population cohort in korea ( ≥65 years old ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 7 analysis
5 - 9 performed
5 - 38 .
6 sectional 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 was
8 was 9 performed
9 performed 10 using
9 performed 19 on
10 using 13 dataset
11 the 13 dataset
12 baseline 13 dataset
13 dataset 14 of
14 of 18 study
15 the 16 korean
16 korean 18 study
17 longitudinal 18 study
19 on 21 and
20 health 21 and
21 and 30 cohort
21 and 31 in
22 aging 25 community
22 aging 30 cohort
23 , 25 community
24 a 25 community
25 community 26 -
27 based 29 population
28 elderly 29 population
29 population 30 cohort
31 in 32 korea
32 korea 34 ≥65
33 ( 34 ≥65
34 ≥65 36 old
34 ≥65 37 )
35 years 36 old

structured questionnaires were used to define rhinitis , asthma , and comorbidity , and allergen skin prick tests were used to define atopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 questionnaires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 structured 2 questionnaires
2 questionnaires 11 and
3 were 4 used
3 were 11 and
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 define
5 to 6 define
6 define 7 rhinitis
7 rhinitis 9 asthma
8 , 9 asthma
9 asthma 10 ,
11 and 22 define
12 comorbidity 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 18 tests
14 and 19 were
15 allergen 16 skin
16 skin 18 tests
17 prick 18 tests
19 were 20 used
20 used 21 to
21 to 22 define
22 define 23 atopy

health - related quality of life was assessed by short - form 36 questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 health 7 was
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 quality
3 related 7 was
4 quality 5 of
5 of 6 life
7 was 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 by
9 by 14 questionnaires
10 short 11 -
10 short 12 form
12 form 14 questionnaires
13 36 14 questionnaires

results : in total , 982 elderly adults ( 98.2 % ) were included in the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 adults
2 : 14 included
2 : 19 .
3 in 4 total
4 total 5 ,
4 total 8 adults
6 982 8 adults
7 elderly 8 adults
8 adults 11 %
8 adults 13 were
9 ( 11 %
10 98.2 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 were 14 included
14 included 15 in
15 in 18 study
16 the 18 study
17 present 18 study

the prevalence of rhinitis was 25.6 % and did not decrease until 90 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 8 and
3 of 4 rhinitis
5 was 7 %
5 was 8 and
6 25.6 7 %
8 and 9 did
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 until
12 until 14 years
13 90 14 years
14 years 15 of
15 of 16 age

the prevalence of atopy was 17.2 % ( 18.8 % in participants with rhinitis ) , and atopy did not show a significant association with rhinitis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 was
3 of 4 atopy
5 was 7 %
6 17.2 7 %
7 % 12 participants
8 ( 12 participants
9 18.8 11 in
10 % 11 in
11 in 12 participants
12 participants 13 with
12 participants 15 )
13 with 14 rhinitis
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 atopy
17 and 21 show
18 atopy 19 did
19 did 20 not
19 did 21 show
21 show 24 association
21 show 25 with
22 a 23 significant
22 a 24 association
23 significant 24 association
25 with 26 rhinitis

in multivariate logistic regression analyses , relations between asthma and rhinitis were significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 4 regression
1 in 12 were
2 multivariate 4 regression
3 logistic 4 regression
5 analyses 6 ,
6 , 7 relations
6 , 10 and
7 relations 8 between
8 between 9 asthma
10 and 11 rhinitis
10 and 12 were
12 were 13 significant

among comorbid conditions , none were significantly associated with rhinitis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 among 3 conditions
1 among 4 ,
1 among 5 none
2 comorbid 3 conditions
5 none 6 were
6 were 7 significantly
6 were 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 rhinitis

in the short - form 36 questionnaire analyses , rhinitis [was] independently related to a decrease in the physical aspects of quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 rhinitis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 short
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 rhinitis
2 the 3 short
3 short 8 analyses
4 - 8 analyses
5 form 8 analyses
6 36 8 analyses
7 questionnaire 8 analyses
8 analyses 9 ,
10 rhinitis 13 related
12 independently 13 related
13 related 14 to
13 related 17 in
14 to 16 decrease
15 a 16 decrease
17 in 20 aspects
18 the 20 aspects
19 physical 20 aspects
20 aspects 21 of
20 aspects 23 of
21 of 22 quality
23 of 24 life

conclusion : the present study found a high prevalence of nonallergic rhinitis in elderly participants , which was significantly related to asthma and quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 found
2 : 16 ,
2 : 27 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 found
6 found 9 prevalence
6 found 13 in
7 a 8 high
7 a 9 prevalence
8 high 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
10 of 12 rhinitis
11 nonallergic 12 rhinitis
13 in 15 participants
14 elderly 15 participants
16 , 17 which
16 , 20 related
17 which 18 was
18 was 19 significantly
18 was 20 related
20 related 21 to
21 to 23 and
22 asthma 23 and
23 and 24 quality
23 and 25 of
25 of 26 life

objective : to examine the effects of a [greens] alkalizing dietary supplement on urinary ph levels in individuals [with] lower - than - average ph levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 effects
4 examine 13 on
4 examine 17 in
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 12 supplement
8 a 12 supplement
10 alkalizing 12 supplement
11 dietary 12 supplement
13 on 16 levels
14 urinary 15 ph
15 ph 16 levels
17 in 18 individuals
18 individuals 20 lower
18 individuals 25 ph
18 individuals 26 levels
20 lower 22 than
21 - 22 than
22 than 23 -
24 average 25 ph
25 ph 26 levels

methods : the present study investigated the effects of an alkalizing formula ( reserveage wholeganic greens ( tm ) ) on four individuals who had average urinary ph levels below 6.0 for three consecutive days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 investigated
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 effects
6 investigated 21 on
6 investigated 30 below
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 12 formula
10 an 12 formula
11 alkalizing 12 formula
12 formula 18 tm
13 ( 18 tm
14 reserveage 15 wholeganic
15 wholeganic 16 greens
16 greens 18 tm
17 ( 18 tm
18 tm 19 )
18 tm 20 )
21 on 23 individuals
22 four 23 individuals
23 individuals 24 who
23 individuals 25 had
24 who 25 had
25 had 29 levels
26 average 29 levels
27 urinary 28 ph
28 ph 29 levels
30 below 31 6.0
31 6.0 32 for
32 for 35 days
33 three 35 days
34 consecutive 35 days

following the three - day , baseline period , participants received reserveage wholeganic greens ( tm ) for four consecutive days and were instructed to continue to measure their urine ph levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 continue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 following 3 three
1 following 9 ,
1 following 10 participants
2 the 3 three
3 three 5 day
3 three 8 period
4 - 5 day
5 day 6 ,
6 , 8 period
7 baseline 8 period
8 period 9 ,
10 participants 22 and
11 received 16 tm
11 received 18 for
11 received 22 and
12 reserveage 13 wholeganic
13 wholeganic 14 greens
14 greens 16 tm
15 ( 16 tm
16 tm 17 )
18 for 21 days
19 four 21 days
20 consecutive 21 days
22 and 23 were
22 and 25 to
23 were 24 instructed
25 to 26 continue
26 continue 27 to
26 continue 28 measure
27 to 28 measure
28 measure 32 levels
29 their 32 levels
30 urine 32 levels
31 ph 32 levels

paired samples [t] - tests were used to examine ph levels before and after a four [-] day treatment period with reserveage wholeganic greens ( tm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 paired 2 samples
4 - 5 tests
4 - 7 used
4 - 28 .
5 tests 6 were
6 were 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 11 levels
9 examine 13 and
9 examine 21 with
10 ph 11 levels
12 before 13 and
13 and 14 after
14 after 20 period
15 a 20 period
16 four 18 day
18 day 19 treatment
19 treatment 20 period
21 with 26 tm
22 reserveage 23 wholeganic
23 wholeganic 24 greens
24 greens 26 tm
25 ( 26 tm
26 tm 27 )

results : compared to baseline , mean urine ph levels in all volunteers were significantly higher following the supplementation with reserveage wholeganic greens ( tm ) ( 5.89 ± 0.20 vs 5.56 ± 0.23 ; p<0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 )(
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 ,
3 compared 4 to
3 compared 6 ,
4 to 5 baseline
6 , 7 mean
6 , 20 with
7 mean 10 levels
8 urine 9 ph
9 ph 10 levels
10 levels 11 in
10 levels 17 following
11 in 12 all
12 all 13 volunteers
12 all 14 were
13 volunteers 14 were
14 were 15 significantly
14 were 16 higher
17 following 19 supplementation
18 the 19 supplementation
20 with 25 tm
21 reserveage 22 wholeganic
22 wholeganic 23 greens
23 greens 25 tm
24 ( 25 tm
25 tm 26 )
25 tm 29 ±
27 ( 29 ±
28 5.89 29 ±
29 ± 30 0.20
29 ± 31 vs
29 ± 35 ;
31 vs 33 ±
32 5.56 33 ±
33 ± 34 0.23
35 ; 36 p<0.01

participants ' ph levels were also significantly higher than baseline on days 5 , 6 [,] and 7 of the treatment period ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 participants 2 '
2 ' 4 levels
3 ph 4 levels
4 levels 5 were
5 were 6 also
5 were 8 higher
7 significantly 8 higher
8 higher 9 than
8 higher 11 on
9 than 10 baseline
11 on 12 days
12 days 13 5
12 days 17 and
14 , 17 and
15 6 17 and
17 and 18 7
17 and 19 of
17 and 27 )
19 of 22 period
20 the 22 period
21 treatment 22 period
22 period 25 <
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.05

noteworthy , on day 7 , participants ' mean ph levels were significantly higher than at the beginning of the treatment period ( 6.03 ± 0.15 at day 7 vs 5.65 ± 0.24 at day 4 [;] p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 noteworthy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 noteworthy 3 on
1 noteworthy 12 were
2 , 3 on
3 on 4 day
3 on 6 ,
4 day 5 7
7 participants 8 '
8 ' 11 levels
9 mean 10 ph
10 ph 11 levels
11 levels 12 were
12 were 13 significantly
12 were 14 higher
14 higher 15 than
15 than 16 at
16 at 18 beginning
17 the 18 beginning
18 beginning 19 of
19 of 22 period
20 the 22 period
21 treatment 22 period
22 period 25 ±
23 ( 25 ±
24 6.03 25 ±
25 ± 26 0.15
25 ± 27 at
25 ± 30 vs
25 ± 34 at
25 ± 39 <
25 ± 41 )
27 at 28 day
28 day 29 7
30 vs 32 ±
31 5.65 32 ±
32 ± 33 0.24
34 at 35 day
36 4 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.01
39 < 41 )

conclusion : the findings of this study suggest that supplementation with reserveage wholeganic greens ( tm ) has an alkalizing effect on the body and can increase the urine ph levels in individuals with lower - than - average ph levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 25 and
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 of
4 findings 25 and
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 suggest 9 that
8 suggest 25 and
9 that 10 supplementation
9 that 18 has
10 supplementation 11 with
10 supplementation 16 tm
10 supplementation 18 has
11 with 14 greens
12 reserveage 13 wholeganic
13 wholeganic 14 greens
15 ( 16 tm
16 tm 17 )
18 has 21 effect
18 has 22 on
19 an 21 effect
20 alkalizing 21 effect
22 on 24 body
23 the 24 body
25 and 26 can
25 and 35 lower
25 and 37 than
25 and 41 levels
26 can 27 increase
27 increase 29 urine
28 the 29 urine
29 urine 30 ph
29 urine 34 with
30 ph 31 levels
31 levels 32 in
31 levels 33 individuals
31 levels 34 with
36 - 37 than
37 than 38 -
39 average 40 ph
40 ph 41 levels

significance : chronic exposure to environmental ultraviolet radiation ( uvr ) plays a key role in both photocarcinogenesis and induction of accelerated skin aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 exposure
2 : 12 plays
2 : 25 .
3 chronic 4 exposure
4 exposure 5 to
4 exposure 12 plays
5 to 8 radiation
6 environmental 8 radiation
7 ultraviolet 8 radiation
8 radiation 10 uvr
9 ( 10 uvr
10 uvr 11 )
12 plays 15 role
12 plays 16 in
13 a 15 role
14 key 15 role
16 in 19 and
17 both 18 photocarcinogenesis
18 photocarcinogenesis 19 and
19 and 20 induction
19 and 21 of
19 and 24 aging
21 of 23 skin
22 accelerated 23 skin

although the spatiotemporal consequences of uvr exposure for the composition and architecture of the dermal extracellular matrix ( ecm ) are well characterized , the pathogenesis [of] photoaging remains poorly defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 photoaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 4 consequences
1 although 23 characterized
1 although 24 ,
1 although 28 photoaging
2 the 4 consequences
3 spatiotemporal 4 consequences
4 consequences 5 of
4 consequences 13 of
4 consequences 21 are
5 of 11 and
6 uvr 7 exposure
7 exposure 8 for
7 exposure 11 and
8 for 10 composition
9 the 10 composition
11 and 12 architecture
13 of 17 matrix
14 the 17 matrix
15 dermal 17 matrix
16 extracellular 17 matrix
17 matrix 19 ecm
18 ( 19 ecm
19 ecm 20 )
21 are 22 well
21 are 23 characterized
23 characterized 24 ,
25 the 28 photoaging
26 pathogenesis 28 photoaging
28 photoaging 29 remains
29 remains 31 defined
30 poorly 31 defined

recently , both age - related protein glycation and relative amino - acid composition have been identified as potential risk factors for [photo] - ionization [and/or] photo - sensitization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 both
3 both 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 protein
7 protein 9 and
7 protein 22 for
8 glycation 9 and
9 and 14 composition
9 and 15 have
10 relative 14 composition
11 amino 12 -
11 amino 14 composition
13 acid 14 composition
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 identified
17 identified 18 as
17 identified 22 for
18 as 21 factors
19 potential 21 factors
20 risk 21 factors
24 - 27 photo
24 - 28 -
24 - 30 .
25 ionization 27 photo
28 - 29 sensitization

here , we propose a selective multi - hit model of photoaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 propose
4 propose 10 model
5 a 6 selective
5 a 10 model
6 selective 9 hit
7 multi 8 -
7 multi 9 hit
9 hit 10 model
10 model 11 of
11 of 12 photoaging

critical issues : bioinformatic analyses can be employed to identify candidate uvr targets/photosensitizers , but the action of uvr on protein structure [and/or] ros production should be verified experimentally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 critical 2 issues
2 issues 3 :
3 : 4 bioinformatic
4 bioinformatic 5 analyses
4 bioinformatic 10 identify
5 analyses 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 employed
8 employed 9 to
8 employed 10 identify
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 13 targets/photosensitizers
11 candidate 13 targets/photosensitizers
12 uvr 13 targets/photosensitizers
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 action
15 but 28 verified
16 the 17 action
17 action 18 of
17 action 26 should
18 of 19 uvr
19 uvr 20 on
20 on 25 production
21 protein 22 structure
22 structure 25 production
24 ros 25 production
26 should 27 be
27 be 28 verified
28 verified 29 experimentally

crucially , in the case of biochemically active ecm components such as fibronectin and fibrillin , the downstream effects of photo [-] degradation on tissue homeostasis remain to be confirmed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 crucially 2 ,
1 crucially 19 effects
2 , 3 in
3 in 14 and
3 in 16 ,
3 in 19 effects
4 the 5 case
5 case 6 of
5 case 14 and
6 of 10 components
7 biochemically 8 active
8 active 10 components
9 ecm 10 components
10 components 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 13 fibronectin
14 and 15 fibrillin
17 the 19 effects
18 downstream 19 effects
19 effects 20 of
19 effects 27 remain
20 of 23 degradation
21 photo 23 degradation
23 degradation 24 on
24 on 26 homeostasis
25 tissue 26 homeostasis
27 remain 28 to
27 remain 30 confirmed
28 to 29 be

future directions : both topical antioxidants and inhibitors of detrimental cell signaling may be effective in abrogating the effects of specific uvr - mediated protein degradation in the dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 directions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 future 2 directions
3 : 7 and
3 : 14 be
3 : 23 -
4 both 6 antioxidants
5 topical 6 antioxidants
6 antioxidants 7 and
7 and 8 inhibitors
7 and 9 of
7 and 13 may
9 of 12 signaling
10 detrimental 11 cell
11 cell 12 signaling
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 effective
15 effective 16 in
16 in 17 abrogating
17 abrogating 19 effects
18 the 19 effects
19 effects 20 of
20 of 22 uvr
21 specific 22 uvr
23 - 26 degradation
24 mediated 25 protein
25 protein 26 degradation
26 degradation 27 in
27 in 29 dermis
28 the 29 dermis

aim : the present study was conducted to define the relationship between the anti - aging effect of ubiquinol - 10 supplementation and mitochondrial activation in senescence - accelerated mouse [prone] 1 ( samp1 ) mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 4 present
2 : 12 between
3 the 4 present
4 present 5 study
4 present 9 define
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 to
8 to 9 define
9 define 11 relationship
10 the 11 relationship
12 between 17 effect
13 the 17 effect
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 effect
16 aging 17 effect
17 effect 18 of
18 of 19 ubiquinol
20 - 36 mice
21 10 36 mice
22 supplementation 23 and
23 and 25 activation
23 and 36 mice
24 mitochondrial 25 activation
25 activation 26 in
26 in 27 senescence
27 senescence 30 mouse
28 - 30 mouse
29 accelerated 30 mouse
30 mouse 32 1
30 mouse 34 samp1
30 mouse 35 )
33 ( 34 samp1
34 samp1 35 )

ubiquinol - 10 supplementation can also increase mitochondrial complex i activity and decrease levels of oxidative stress markers , including protein carbonyls , apurinic/apyrimidinic sites , malondialdehydes , and increase the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 ubiquinol 2 -
1 ubiquinol 4 supplementation
3 10 4 supplementation
4 supplementation 5 can
5 can 12 and
6 also 12 and
7 increase 11 activity
7 increase 12 and
8 mitochondrial 9 complex
9 complex 10 i
9 complex 11 activity
12 and 29 and
13 decrease 14 levels
13 decrease 20 including
13 decrease 29 and
14 levels 15 of
15 of 18 markers
16 oxidative 17 stress
17 stress 18 markers
19 , 20 including
20 including 22 carbonyls
20 including 28 ,
21 protein 22 carbonyls
22 carbonyls 25 sites
22 carbonyls 27 malondialdehydes
23 , 25 sites
24 apurinic/apyrimidinic 25 sites
25 sites 26 ,
26 , 27 malondialdehydes
27 malondialdehydes 28 ,
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 increase
30 increase 35 ratio
31 the 35 ratio
32 reduced 35 ratio
33 glutathione/oxidized 35 ratio
34 glutathione 35 ratio

furthermore , ubiquinol - 10 may activate sirt1 and pgc - 1α by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( camp ) levels that , in turn , activate camp response element [-] binding protein ( creb ) and amp - activated protein [kinase] ( ampk ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ubiquinol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 activated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 ubiquinol
3 ubiquinol 5 10
3 ubiquinol 7 activate
3 ubiquinol 40 activated
4 - 5 10
5 10 6 may
6 may 7 activate
7 activate 37 and
8 sirt1 9 and
9 and 10 pgc
9 and 37 and
10 pgc 12 1α
11 - 12 1α
12 1α 13 by
12 1α 21 levels
12 1α 36 )
13 by 14 increasing
14 increasing 17 monophosphate
15 cyclic 17 monophosphate
16 adenosine 17 monophosphate
18 ( 21 levels
19 camp 20 )
19 camp 21 levels
21 levels 22 that
21 levels 27 activate
21 levels 35 creb
21 levels 36 )
22 that 27 activate
23 , 25 turn
24 in 25 turn
25 turn 26 ,
25 turn 27 activate
27 activate 33 protein
28 camp 33 protein
29 response 30 element
30 element 32 binding
32 binding 33 protein
34 ( 35 creb
35 creb 36 )
37 and 38 amp
37 and 39 -
40 activated 41 protein
41 protein 44 ampk
43 ( 44 ampk
44 ampk 45 )

innovation and conclusion : these results show that ubiquinol - 10 may enhance mitochondrial activity by increasing levels of sirt1 , pgc - 1α , and sirt3 that slow the rate of age - related hearing loss and protect against the progression of aging and symptoms of age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 innovation 2 and
2 and 3 conclusion
4 : 6 results
4 : 7 show
4 : 21 ,
5 these 6 results
6 results 7 show
7 show 8 that
7 show 9 ubiquinol
7 show 16 by
9 ubiquinol 11 10
9 ubiquinol 13 enhance
10 - 11 10
11 10 12 may
12 may 13 enhance
13 enhance 15 activity
14 mitochondrial 15 activity
16 by 18 levels
17 increasing 18 levels
18 levels 19 of
19 of 20 sirt1
21 , 22 pgc
21 , 38 and
22 pgc 26 and
22 pgc 38 and
23 - 26 and
24 1α 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 sirt3
26 and 28 that
26 and 29 slow
26 and 34 -
28 that 29 slow
29 slow 31 rate
30 the 31 rate
31 rate 32 of
32 of 33 age
35 related 37 loss
35 related 38 and
36 hearing 37 loss
38 and 39 protect
38 and 40 against
40 against 45 and
41 the 42 progression
42 progression 43 of
42 progression 45 and
43 of 44 aging
45 and 46 symptoms
45 and 47 of
47 of 48 age
48 age 51 diseases
49 - 51 diseases
50 related 51 diseases
51 diseases 52 .

the klotho gene was identified as an ['] aging suppressor ['] in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 gene
2 klotho 3 gene
3 gene 4 was
4 was 5 identified
5 identified 6 as
5 identified 12 in
6 as 10 suppressor
7 an 10 suppressor
9 aging 10 suppressor
12 in 13 mice

overexpression of the klotho gene extends lifespan and defective klotho results in rapid aging and early death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overexpression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 extends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 overexpression 2 of
1 overexpression 6 extends
2 of 5 gene
3 the 5 gene
4 klotho 5 gene
6 extends 11 results
6 extends 12 in
7 lifespan 8 and
8 and 9 defective
8 and 11 results
10 klotho 11 results
12 in 15 and
13 rapid 14 aging
13 rapid 15 and
15 and 17 death
16 early 17 death

both the membrane and secreted forms of klotho have biological activity [that] include regulatory effects on general metabolism and a more specific effect on mineral metabolism that correlates with its effect on aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 both 2 the
1 both 11 activity
1 both 13 include
2 the 3 membrane
3 membrane 4 and
4 and 6 forms
4 and 7 of
4 and 9 have
5 secreted 6 forms
7 of 8 klotho
10 biological 11 activity
13 include 15 effects
13 include 16 on
13 include 24 on
13 include 32 on
14 regulatory 15 effects
16 on 19 and
17 general 18 metabolism
18 metabolism 19 and
19 and 23 effect
20 a 23 effect
21 more 22 specific
22 specific 23 effect
24 on 26 metabolism
25 mineral 26 metabolism
26 metabolism 27 that
26 metabolism 28 correlates
26 metabolism 29 with
27 that 28 correlates
29 with 31 effect
30 its 31 effect
32 on 33 aging

klotho serves as a co - receptor for fibroblast growth [factor] ( fgf ) , but it also functions as a humoral factor that regulates cell survival and proliferation , vitamin d metabolism , and calcium and phosphate homeostasis and may serve as a potential tumor suppressor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 klotho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 serves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 klotho 2 serves
2 serves 3 as
2 serves 8 for
3 as 7 receptor
4 a 7 receptor
5 co 6 -
5 co 7 receptor
8 for 10 growth
9 fibroblast 10 growth
10 growth 13 fgf
12 ( 13 fgf
13 fgf 14 )
15 , 16 but
15 , 40 and
16 but 17 it
16 but 19 functions
17 it 19 functions
18 also 19 functions
19 functions 20 as
20 as 23 factor
21 a 22 humoral
21 a 23 factor
22 humoral 23 factor
24 that 40 and
25 regulates 39 homeostasis
25 regulates 40 and
26 cell 27 survival
27 survival 28 and
28 and 29 proliferation
28 and 30 ,
30 , 33 metabolism
30 , 35 and
31 vitamin 32 d
31 vitamin 33 metabolism
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 calcium
35 and 37 and
37 and 38 phosphate
37 and 39 homeostasis
40 and 41 may
41 may 42 serve
42 serve 43 as
43 as 47 suppressor
44 a 45 potential
44 a 47 suppressor
45 potential 46 tumor
46 tumor 47 suppressor

moreover , klotho protects against several pathogenic processes in a fgf23 - independent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 klotho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 klotho
3 klotho 4 protects
4 protects 5 against
4 protects 8 processes
4 protects 9 in
5 against 6 several
7 pathogenic 8 processes
9 in 11 fgf23
10 a 11 fgf23
12 - 14 manner
13 independent 14 manner

these processes include cancer metastasis , vascular calcification , and renal fibrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 processes
2 processes 3 include
3 include 10 and
4 cancer 5 metastasis
5 metastasis 6 ,
6 , 8 calcification
6 , 10 and
7 vascular 8 calcification
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 fibrosis
11 renal 12 fibrosis

this review covers the recent advances in klotho research and discusses novel klotho - dependent mechanisms that are clinically relevant in aging and age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 this 2 review
2 review 10 and
3 covers 6 advances
3 covers 7 in
3 covers 10 and
4 the 6 advances
5 recent 6 advances
7 in 9 research
8 klotho 9 research
10 and 11 discusses
11 discusses 13 klotho
12 novel 13 klotho
13 klotho 16 mechanisms
14 - 16 mechanisms
15 dependent 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 that
16 mechanisms 18 are
16 mechanisms 25 -
17 that 18 are
18 are 19 clinically
18 are 20 relevant
20 relevant 21 in
21 in 23 and
22 aging 23 and
23 and 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 diseases
26 related 28 .

dyskeratosis [congenita] [(] [dc] ) is an inherited multisystem disorder of premature aging , cancer predisposition , and bone marrow failure caused by selective exhaustion of highly proliferative cell pools . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dyskeratosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 dyskeratosis 5 )
1 dyskeratosis 6 is
6 is 10 disorder
6 is 21 failure
7 an 10 disorder
8 inherited 9 multisystem
9 multisystem 10 disorder
10 disorder 11 of
11 of 18 and
12 premature 13 aging
12 premature 14 ,
14 , 16 predisposition
14 , 18 and
15 cancer 16 predisposition
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 marrow
19 bone 20 marrow
21 failure 22 caused
21 failure 26 of
22 caused 23 by
23 by 25 exhaustion
24 selective 25 exhaustion
26 of 30 pools
27 highly 28 proliferative
28 proliferative 29 cell
29 cell 30 pools

[dc] patients also have a poor tolerance to chemo/radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 patients 4 have
3 also 4 have
4 have 7 tolerance
4 have 8 to
5 a 6 poor
5 a 7 tolerance
6 poor 7 tolerance
8 to 10 and
9 chemo/radiotherapy 10 and
10 and 13 transplantation
11 bone 13 transplantation
12 marrow 13 transplantation

although critically shortened telomeres and defective telomere maintenance contribute to [dc] pathology , other mechanisms likely exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 although 5 and
1 although 9 contribute
1 although 13 ,
1 although 15 mechanisms
2 critically 3 shortened
3 shortened 4 telomeres
4 telomeres 5 and
5 and 8 maintenance
5 and 9 contribute
6 defective 8 maintenance
7 telomere 8 maintenance
9 contribute 10 to
10 to 12 pathology
14 other 15 mechanisms
15 mechanisms 17 exist
16 likely 17 exist

we investigate the link between telomere dysfunction and oxidative and dna damage response pathways and assess the effects of antioxidants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 investigate
2 investigate 4 link
2 investigate 5 between
3 the 4 link
5 between 7 dysfunction
6 telomere 7 dysfunction
8 and 10 and
8 and 15 and
9 oxidative 10 and
10 and 11 dna
10 and 15 and
12 damage 14 pathways
12 damage 15 and
13 response 14 pathways
15 and 16 assess
16 assess 18 effects
17 the 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
19 of 20 antioxidants

in vitro studies employed [t] lymphocytes from [dc] subjects with a hterc mutation and age - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 3 studies
3 studies 4 employed
4 employed 6 lymphocytes
4 employed 7 from
4 employed 10 with
7 from 9 subjects
10 with 14 and
11 a 12 hterc
11 a 13 mutation
12 hterc 13 mutation
13 mutation 14 and
14 and 15 age
16 - 18 controls
16 - 19 .
17 matched 18 controls

cells were treated with cytotoxic agents , including paclitaxel , etoposide , or ionizing radiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cells 2 were
2 were 3 treated
3 treated 4 with
4 with 6 agents
5 cytotoxic 6 agents
6 agents 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 9 paclitaxel
8 including 10 ,
10 , 13 or
11 etoposide 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 15 radiation
14 ionizing 15 radiation

apoptosis and reactive oxygen species ( ros ) were assessed by flow cytometry , and western blotting was used to measure expression of dna damage [response] ( ddr ) proteins , including total p53 , p53s15 , and p21 ( waf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 apoptosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 and 4 oxygen
2 and 10 assessed
3 reactive 4 oxygen
4 oxygen 5 species
4 oxygen 9 were
4 oxygen 10 assessed
5 species 7 ros
5 species 9 were
6 ( 7 ros
7 ros 8 )
10 assessed 11 by
10 assessed 15 and
10 assessed 19 used
11 by 12 flow
13 cytometry 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 western
15 and 17 blotting
15 and 18 was
15 and 19 used
17 blotting 18 was
19 used 20 to
19 used 30 proteins
19 used 32 including
20 to 22 expression
21 measure 22 expression
22 expression 23 of
22 expression 28 ddr
23 of 25 damage
24 dna 25 damage
27 ( 28 ddr
28 ddr 29 )
31 , 32 including
32 including 38 and
32 including 42 )
33 total 34 p53
34 p53 35 ,
35 , 36 p53s15
35 , 38 and
37 , 38 and
38 and 39 p21
38 and 41 waf
40 ( 41 waf
41 waf 42 )

n - acetyl - cysteine ( nac ) , an antioxidant , was used to modulate cell growth and ros . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 n
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 n 2 -
2 - 3 acetyl
3 acetyl 5 cysteine
3 acetyl 11 antioxidant
3 acetyl 13 was
4 - 5 cysteine
5 cysteine 7 nac
5 cysteine 9 ,
6 ( 7 nac
7 nac 8 )
9 , 11 antioxidant
10 an 11 antioxidant
11 antioxidant 12 ,
13 was 14 used
14 used 15 to
14 used 16 modulate
15 to 16 modulate
16 modulate 19 and
17 cell 18 growth
18 growth 19 and
19 and 20 ros

in stimulated culture , [dc] lymphocytes displayed a stressed phenotype , characterized by elevated levels of ros , ddr and apoptotic markers as well as a proliferative defect that was more pronounced after exposure to cytotoxic agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 lymphocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 culture
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 lymphocytes
2 stimulated 3 culture
6 lymphocytes 7 displayed
7 displayed 10 phenotype
8 a 10 phenotype
9 stressed 10 phenotype
10 phenotype 12 characterized
11 , 12 characterized
12 characterized 13 by
12 characterized 18 ,
13 by 15 levels
14 elevated 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 17 ros
18 , 20 and
19 ddr 20 and
20 and 22 markers
20 and 25 as
20 and 29 that
20 and 30 was
21 apoptotic 22 markers
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 28 defect
26 a 27 proliferative
26 a 28 defect
27 proliferative 28 defect
29 that 30 was
30 was 31 more
30 was 32 pronounced
32 pronounced 33 after
33 after 34 exposure
34 exposure 35 to
35 to 37 agents
36 cytotoxic 37 agents

nac partially ameliorated the growth disadvantage of [dc] cells and decreased radiation - induced apoptosis and oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nac
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 nac 10 and
2 partially 3 ameliorated
3 ameliorated 6 disadvantage
3 ameliorated 10 and
4 the 6 disadvantage
5 growth 6 disadvantage
6 disadvantage 7 of
7 of 9 cells
10 and 11 decreased
11 decreased 12 radiation
13 - 16 and
13 - 19 .
14 induced 15 apoptosis
15 apoptosis 16 and
16 and 18 stress
17 oxidative 18 stress

these findings suggest that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of [dc] [and] that pharmacologic intervention to correct this pro - oxidant imbalance may prove useful in the clinical setting , potentially alleviating untoward toxicities associated with current cytotoxic treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 stress
3 suggest 21 correct
4 that 6 stress
5 oxidative 6 stress
6 stress 7 may
7 may 8 play
8 play 10 role
8 play 11 in
8 play 20 to
9 a 10 role
11 in 13 pathogenesis
12 the 13 pathogenesis
13 pathogenesis 14 of
14 of 19 intervention
17 that 19 intervention
18 pharmacologic 19 intervention
20 to 21 correct
21 correct 23 pro
22 this 23 pro
24 - 26 imbalance
24 - 28 prove
24 - 34 ,
24 - 44 .
25 oxidant 26 imbalance
26 imbalance 27 may
27 may 28 prove
28 prove 29 useful
29 useful 30 in
30 in 33 setting
31 the 33 setting
32 clinical 33 setting
34 , 36 alleviating
34 , 39 associated
35 potentially 36 alleviating
36 alleviating 38 toxicities
36 alleviating 39 associated
37 untoward 38 toxicities
39 associated 40 with
40 with 43 treatments
41 current 43 treatments
42 cytotoxic 43 treatments

introduction : while several studies have identified an increased incidence of cardiovascular disorders in opiate dependence , neither opiates as a cardiovascular risk factor nor their effect [on] central arterial function has been considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 studies
2 : 7 identified
2 : 17 ,
2 : 35 .
3 while 4 several
3 while 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 identified
7 identified 10 incidence
7 identified 14 in
8 an 10 incidence
9 increased 10 incidence
10 incidence 11 of
11 of 13 disorders
12 cardiovascular 13 disorders
14 in 16 dependence
15 opiate 16 dependence
17 , 25 nor
17 , 34 considered
18 neither 25 nor
19 opiates 20 as
19 opiates 25 nor
20 as 24 factor
21 a 22 cardiovascular
21 a 24 factor
22 cardiovascular 24 factor
23 risk 24 factor
25 nor 31 function
25 nor 32 has
26 their 31 function
27 effect 31 function
29 central 31 function
30 arterial 31 function
32 has 33 been
33 been 34 considered

methods : pulse wave analysis ( sphygmocor , atcormedical pty limited , sydney , nsw , australia ) was undertaken on a cohort of controls and opiate dependent patients and the results compared to their lifetime opiate exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 5 analysis
2 : 12 ,
3 pulse 5 analysis
4 wave 5 analysis
5 analysis 7 sphygmocor
5 analysis 11 limited
6 ( 7 sphygmocor
7 sphygmocor 8 ,
8 , 11 limited
9 atcormedical 10 pty
10 pty 11 limited
11 limited 12 ,
12 , 15 nsw
12 , 20 undertaken
12 , 26 and
13 sydney 15 nsw
14 , 15 nsw
15 nsw 17 australia
15 nsw 19 was
16 , 17 australia
17 australia 18 )
19 was 20 undertaken
20 undertaken 21 on
21 on 23 cohort
22 a 23 cohort
23 cohort 24 of
24 of 25 controls
26 and 30 and
26 and 33 compared
27 opiate 28 dependent
28 dependent 29 patients
29 patients 30 and
30 and 32 results
30 and 33 compared
31 the 32 results
33 compared 34 to
34 to 38 exposure
35 their 38 exposure
36 lifetime 37 opiate
37 opiate 38 exposure

results : controls ( n = 401 ) were compared with 465 opiate dependent men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 controls
2 : 10 compared
2 : 16 .
3 controls 6 =
3 controls 9 were
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 401
6 = 8 )
9 were 10 compared
10 compared 11 with
11 with 15 men
12 465 15 men
13 opiate 15 men
14 dependent 15 men

the mean [(] log [ )(ages were different and were found to be 28.80 ± 0.49 years versus 35.02 ± 0.39 years ( p < 0.0001 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(ages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 the 6 )(ages
2 mean 4 log
4 log 6 )(ages
6 )(ages 9 and
7 were 8 different
7 were 9 and
9 and 10 were
9 and 12 to
9 and 15 ±
10 were 11 found
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 28.80
15 ± 16 0.49
15 ± 17 years
15 ± 20 ±
17 years 18 versus
17 years 20 ±
18 versus 19 35.02
20 ± 25 <
20 ± 29 respectively
21 0.39 22 years
22 years 25 <
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.0001
25 < 27 )
28 , 29 respectively
29 respectively 30 .

of the opiate dependent group [,] 87.7 % were treated with buprenorphine , 8.8 % with methadone , and 3.4 % with naltrexone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 of 4 dependent
1 of 5 group
2 the 4 dependent
3 opiate 4 dependent
5 group 21 %
5 group 22 with
7 87.7 8 %
7 87.7 19 and
8 % 9 were
9 were 10 treated
10 treated 11 with
11 with 12 buprenorphine
12 buprenorphine 15 %
13 , 15 %
14 8.8 15 %
15 % 16 with
15 % 18 ,
16 with 17 methadone
19 and 20 3.4
19 and 21 %
22 with 23 naltrexone

multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for chronologic age ( ca ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 multiple 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 adjust
6 to 7 adjust
7 adjust 8 for
8 for 10 age
9 chronologic 10 age
10 age 12 ca
11 ( 12 ca
12 ca 13 )

at ca of 60 years , the modeled age in the controls was 66.40 years , and that in the addicted group was 73.11 years , [an] advancement of 6.71 years , [or] 10.10 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
1 at 2 ca
1 at 6 ,
1 at 9 age
2 ca 3 of
3 of 5 years
4 60 5 years
7 the 9 age
8 modeled 9 age
9 age 10 in
9 age 13 was
10 in 12 controls
11 the 12 controls
13 was 15 years
14 66.40 15 years
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 that
17 and 23 was
18 that 19 in
18 that 23 was
19 in 22 group
20 the 22 group
21 addicted 22 group
23 was 25 years
24 73.11 25 years
25 years 28 advancement
26 , 28 advancement
28 advancement 29 of
28 advancement 36 .
29 of 31 years
30 6.71 31 years
31 years 35 %
32 , 35 %
34 10.10 35 %
35 % 36 .

exacerbations of age dependent changes in central arterial stiffness , central pressures , pulse rate , ejection duration , diastolic duration , and subendocardial perfusion ratio by opiate dependence were all noted ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 noted
1 exacerbations 2 of
1 exacerbations 10 ,
2 of 5 changes
3 age 4 dependent
4 dependent 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
6 in 9 stiffness
7 central 9 stiffness
8 arterial 9 stiffness
10 , 12 pressures
10 , 13 ,
11 central 12 pressures
13 , 15 rate
13 , 16 ,
14 pulse 15 rate
16 , 18 duration
16 , 19 ,
17 ejection 18 duration
19 , 21 duration
19 , 23 and
20 diastolic 21 duration
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 ratio
23 and 27 by
23 and 30 were
24 subendocardial 25 perfusion
25 perfusion 26 ratio
27 by 29 dependence
28 opiate 29 dependence
31 all 32 noted
32 noted 35 <
32 noted 38 .
33 ( 35 <
34 p 35 <
35 < 36 0.05
35 < 37 )

current heroin dose , heroin duration , and the dose duration interaction were all significantly related to the vascular ( or " reference " ) age [(] [ra] )/ca ratio ( [all] p < 0.006 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 current 3 dose
2 heroin 3 dose
4 , 8 and
4 , 13 were
5 heroin 6 duration
6 duration 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 12 interaction
8 and 13 were
9 the 12 interaction
10 dose 11 duration
11 duration 12 interaction
13 were 14 all
14 all 16 related
15 significantly 16 related
16 related 17 to
16 related 34 <
17 to 30 ratio
18 the 30 ratio
19 vascular 21 or
20 ( 21 or
21 or 22 "
21 or 23 reference
21 or 25 )
21 or 30 ratio
23 reference 24 "
26 age 29 )/ca
29 )/ca 30 ratio
31 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.006
34 < 36 )

after multivariate adjustment , the opiate dose duration was independently predictive [of] [ra] ( p < 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 after 3 adjustment
1 after 4 ,
1 after 8 duration
2 multivariate 3 adjustment
5 the 8 duration
6 opiate 8 duration
7 dose 8 duration
8 duration 9 was
9 was 10 independently
9 was 11 predictive
11 predictive 16 <
14 ( 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 17 0.02
16 < 18 )

opiate dose [and/or] duration were included in [a] further 25 terms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 opiate 4 duration
2 dose 4 duration
4 duration 5 were
5 were 6 included
6 included 7 in
7 in 11 terms
9 further 11 terms
10 25 11 terms

conclusion : these data show that opiate use is not benign for the male cardiovascular system , but has a dose response relationship to central arterial stiffness and thus cardiovascular aging , acting independently and [interactively] with established cardiovascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 19 has
2 : 42 .
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 8 use
6 that 18 but
7 opiate 8 use
8 use 18 but
9 is 10 not
9 is 12 for
9 is 18 but
10 not 11 benign
12 for 16 system
13 the 16 system
14 male 16 system
15 cardiovascular 16 system
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 has
19 has 23 relationship
19 has 35 and
20 a 23 relationship
21 dose 22 response
22 response 23 relationship
24 to 28 and
24 to 35 and
25 central 27 stiffness
26 arterial 27 stiffness
27 stiffness 28 and
28 and 31 aging
28 and 32 ,
28 and 33 acting
29 thus 30 cardiovascular
30 cardiovascular 31 aging
33 acting 34 independently
35 and 37 with
37 with 41 factors
38 established 41 factors
39 cardiovascular 41 factors
40 risk 41 factors

these findings imply accelerated organismal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 imply
3 imply 6 aging
4 accelerated 6 aging
5 organismal 6 aging

objective : the aim of the study reported here was to determine the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency among elderly men and its association with sun exposure and skin phototypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 30 phototypes
2 : 31 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 10 was
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
7 study 8 reported
7 study 9 here
10 was 11 to
10 was 12 determine
11 to 12 determine
12 determine 14 prevalence
13 the 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 of
15 of 16 vitamin
16 vitamin 17 d
16 vitamin 18 deficiency
16 vitamin 30 phototypes
18 deficiency 19 among
18 deficiency 30 phototypes
19 among 28 and
20 elderly 21 men
21 men 22 and
22 and 24 association
22 and 25 with
22 and 28 and
23 its 24 association
25 with 27 exposure
26 sun 27 exposure
28 and 29 skin

subjects and methods : this was an analytical cross - sectional study , which involved 284 men aged 60 years [or] over , randomly recruited from a basic care unit in the city of recife ( brazil ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 subjects 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 this
4 : 6 was
4 : 39 .
5 this 6 was
6 was 9 cross
7 an 8 analytical
7 an 9 cross
8 analytical 9 cross
9 cross 12 study
10 - 12 study
11 sectional 12 study
12 study 14 which
12 study 25 recruited
12 study 38 )
13 , 14 which
14 which 22 over
14 which 23 ,
15 involved 17 men
16 284 17 men
17 men 18 aged
18 aged 20 years
18 aged 22 over
19 60 20 years
23 , 25 recruited
24 randomly 25 recruited
25 recruited 26 from
25 recruited 38 )
26 from 30 unit
27 a 30 unit
28 basic 29 care
29 care 30 unit
30 unit 31 in
30 unit 34 of
31 in 33 city
32 the 33 city
34 of 35 recife
35 recife 37 brazil
36 ( 37 brazil
37 brazil 38 )

measurements : serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh )d ) , sun index , and skin phototypes were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 19 and
2 : 23 evaluated
2 : 24 .
3 serum 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 15 ,
5 of 7 hydroxyvitamin
6 25 7 hydroxyvitamin
7 hydroxyvitamin 8 d
7 hydroxyvitamin 12 oh
9 ( 12 oh
10 25 12 oh
11 ( 12 oh
12 oh 13 )d
12 oh 14 )
15 , 17 index
15 , 19 and
16 sun 17 index
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 phototypes
19 and 22 were
20 skin 21 phototypes
22 were 23 evaluated

results : the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency was 31.5 [%] and 66.7 % when cut points of less than 20 and 30 ng/ml , respectively , were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 14 %
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 9 was
5 of 8 deficiency
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 8 deficiency
9 was 12 and
10 31.5 12 and
12 and 13 66.7
13 66.7 14 %
14 % 15 when
15 when 17 points
15 when 29 used
16 cut 17 points
17 points 18 of
17 points 28 were
18 of 24 ng/ml
19 less 20 than
20 than 21 20
21 20 22 and
22 and 23 30
22 and 24 ng/ml
25 , 26 respectively
26 respectively 27 ,
26 respectively 28 were
28 were 29 used

mean serum 25 ( oh )d was 27.86 ± 13.52 standard deviation ( sd ) [ng/ml] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mean 5 oh
1 mean 7 was
2 serum 5 oh
3 25 5 oh
4 ( 5 oh
5 oh 6 )d
5 oh 7 was
7 was 12 deviation
8 27.86 12 deviation
9 ± 12 deviation
10 13.52 12 deviation
11 standard 12 deviation
12 deviation 14 sd
13 ( 14 sd
14 sd 15 )

there was no difference ( p = 0.113 ) in 25 ( oh ) [d] [(] 23.98 ± 14.66 [sd] vs 29.88 ± 13.78 [sd] [ )(between individuals in the lowest quartile ( q ) of the sun index ( q1 [:] 1.96 ) compared with those in the highest ( q4 [:] 7.86 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 difference
2 was 10 in
3 no 4 difference
4 difference 7 =
5 ( 7 =
6 p 7 =
7 = 8 0.113
7 = 9 )
10 in 18 ±
11 25 13 oh
12 ( 13 oh
13 oh 14 )
13 oh 18 ±
17 23.98 18 ±
18 ± 19 14.66
18 ± 21 vs
18 ± 27 )(between
21 vs 23 ±
22 29.88 23 ±
23 ± 24 13.78
27 )(between 28 individuals
28 individuals 29 in
28 individuals 36 of
29 in 32 quartile
30 the 31 lowest
30 the 32 quartile
32 quartile 34 q
33 ( 34 q
34 q 35 )
36 of 38 sun
37 the 38 sun
38 sun 39 index
38 sun 45 compared
39 index 41 q1
39 index 45 compared
40 ( 41 q1
41 q1 43 1.96
41 q1 44 )
45 compared 46 with
46 with 47 those
46 with 48 in
48 in 50 highest
49 the 50 highest
50 highest 52 q4
51 ( 52 q4
52 q4 54 7.86
52 q4 56 )(

when considering a cutoff of 20 ng/ml , the sun index was different in the two groups ( p = 0.006 ) , but there was no difference when cutoffs of 25 and 30 ng/ml were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 when 2 considering
1 when 8 ,
1 when 11 index
2 considering 4 cutoff
3 a 4 cutoff
4 cutoff 5 of
5 of 7 ng/ml
6 20 7 ng/ml
9 the 11 index
10 sun 11 index
11 index 12 was
12 was 13 different
13 different 14 in
14 in 17 groups
15 the 16 two
16 two 17 groups
17 groups 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.006
20 = 22 )
23 , 24 but
23 , 26 was
24 but 25 there
24 but 26 was
26 was 28 difference
27 no 28 difference
28 difference 29 when
29 when 30 cutoffs
29 when 36 were
30 cutoffs 31 of
30 cutoffs 36 were
31 of 35 ng/ml
32 25 33 and
33 and 34 30
33 and 35 ng/ml
36 were 37 used

[after] adjustment , sun index and body mass index were associated positively and negatively [,] respectively with serum 25 ( oh )d independently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 adjustment 3 ,
3 , 5 index
3 , 6 and
4 sun 5 index
6 and 9 index
6 and 10 were
7 body 9 index
8 mass 9 index
10 were 11 associated
11 associated 13 and
11 associated 16 respectively
11 associated 17 with
11 associated 23 independently
12 positively 13 and
13 and 14 negatively
17 with 18 serum
17 with 21 oh
19 25 21 oh
20 ( 21 oh
21 oh 22 )d

most subjects ( 66.7 % ) had fitzpatrick 's skin phototypes iv , v , [and] vi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
1 most 2 subjects
2 subjects 5 %
2 subjects 7 had
3 ( 5 %
4 66.7 5 %
5 % 6 )
7 had 12 iv
8 fitzpatrick 9 's
9 's 11 phototypes
10 skin 11 phototypes
11 phototypes 12 iv
12 iv 14 v
12 iv 17 vi
13 , 14 v
14 v 15 ,
15 , 17 vi
17 vi 18 .

low calcium intake was observed in 72 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 low 2 calcium
2 calcium 3 intake
3 intake 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 in
6 in 8 %
7 72 8 %

there was no difference in serum 25 ( oh )d levels between patients with low intake and those with intermediate and high intakes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 difference
2 was 14 with
3 no 4 difference
4 difference 5 in
5 in 11 levels
6 serum 11 levels
7 25 9 oh
8 ( 9 oh
9 oh 10 )d
9 oh 11 levels
11 levels 12 between
12 between 13 patients
14 with 17 and
14 with 19 with
15 low 16 intake
16 intake 17 and
17 and 18 those
19 with 23 intakes
20 intermediate 21 and
21 and 22 high
21 and 23 intakes

only 2.5 % were taking a vitamin supplement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 only 2 2.5
2 2.5 3 %
3 % 4 were
4 were 5 taking
5 taking 8 supplement
6 a 8 supplement
7 vitamin 8 supplement

conclusion : we found a high prevalence of vitamin d deficiency among elderly men despite their high sun exposure during the summer months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
2 : 24 .
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 prevalence
4 found 12 among
4 found 15 despite
4 found 20 during
5 a 6 high
5 a 7 prevalence
6 high 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
8 of 11 deficiency
9 vitamin 10 d
9 vitamin 11 deficiency
12 among 14 men
13 elderly 14 men
15 despite 19 exposure
16 their 19 exposure
17 high 18 sun
18 sun 19 exposure
20 during 23 months
21 the 23 months
22 summer 23 months

purpose : to assess the benefits of cochlear implantation in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
2 : 13 .
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 benefits
4 assess 10 in
5 the 6 benefits
6 benefits 7 of
7 of 9 implantation
8 cochlear 9 implantation
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly

patients and methods : a retrospective analysis of 31 postlingually deafened elderly ( ≥60 years of age ) [with] [unilateral] [cochlear] [implants] [was] conducted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 analysis
4 : 24 conducted
4 : 25 .
5 a 6 retrospective
5 a 7 analysis
6 retrospective 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
7 analysis 11 deafened
7 analysis 15 years
7 analysis 24 conducted
8 of 9 31
10 postlingually 11 deafened
11 deafened 12 elderly
13 ( 15 years
14 ≥60 15 years
15 years 16 of
15 years 18 )
16 of 17 age

audiological testing included preoperative and postoperative pure - tone audiometry and a monosyllabic word recognition test presented from recorded material [in] free field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 audiological 2 testing
2 testing 3 included
2 testing 5 and
3 included 4 preoperative
5 and 23 field
6 postoperative 9 tone
7 pure 8 -
7 pure 9 tone
9 tone 23 field
10 audiometry 11 and
11 and 16 test
11 and 17 presented
11 and 23 field
12 a 16 test
13 monosyllabic 16 test
14 word 15 recognition
15 recognition 16 test
17 presented 18 from
17 presented 22 free
18 from 20 material
19 recorded 20 material

speech perception tests included ling 's six sound test ( sound detection , discrimination , and identification ) , syllable discrimination , and monosyllabic and multisyllabic word recognition ( open set ) without lip [-] reading . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 speech 3 tests
2 perception 3 tests
3 tests 4 included
4 included 9 test
4 included 33 without
5 ling 6 's
6 's 9 test
7 six 8 sound
8 sound 9 test
9 test 23 and
10 ( 23 and
11 sound 12 detection
12 detection 13 ,
13 , 14 discrimination
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 identification
16 and 18 )
16 and 21 discrimination
16 and 23 and
19 , 21 discrimination
20 syllable 21 discrimination
21 discrimination 22 ,
22 , 23 and
23 and 28 recognition
23 and 31 set
23 and 32 )
24 monosyllabic 25 and
25 and 26 multisyllabic
25 and 28 recognition
27 word 28 recognition
29 ( 31 set
30 open 31 set
31 set 32 )
33 without 36 reading
34 lip 36 reading

everyday life benefits from cochlear implantation were also evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 benefits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 everyday 2 life
2 life 3 benefits
3 benefits 4 from
3 benefits 7 were
4 from 6 implantation
5 cochlear 6 implantation
7 were 8 also
7 were 9 evaluated

results : the mean age at the time of cochlear implantation was 72.4 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 age
2 : 12 was
2 : 16 .
3 the 5 age
4 mean 5 age
5 age 6 at
5 age 12 was
6 at 8 time
7 the 8 time
8 time 9 of
9 of 11 implantation
10 cochlear 11 implantation
12 was 15 old
13 72.4 14 years
14 years 15 old

the mean postimplantation [follow] - up time was 2.34 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 postimplantation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 the 3 postimplantation
2 mean 3 postimplantation
5 - 7 time
5 - 8 was
5 - 11 .
6 up 7 time
7 time 8 was
8 was 10 years
9 2.34 10 years

all patients significantly improved their audiological and speech understanding performances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 4 improved
3 significantly 4 improved
4 improved 7 and
5 their 6 audiological
6 audiological 7 and
7 and 8 speech
7 and 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 performances

the preoperative mean pure - tone average threshold for 500 [hz] , 1,000 hz , 2,000 hz , and 4,000 hz [was] 110.17 db hl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 8 threshold
2 preoperative 6 tone
3 mean 6 tone
4 pure 5 -
4 pure 6 tone
6 tone 8 threshold
7 average 8 threshold
8 threshold 9 for
8 threshold 19 and
9 for 10 500
10 500 14 hz
10 500 17 hz
12 , 14 hz
13 1,000 14 hz
14 hz 15 ,
15 , 17 hz
16 2,000 17 hz
17 hz 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 25 hl
20 4,000 21 hz
21 hz 25 hl
23 110.17 24 db
24 db 25 hl

before cochlear implantation , all patients scored 0 % on the monosyllabic word recognition test in free field [at] 70 db spl intensity level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 before 3 implantation
1 before 4 ,
1 before 6 patients
2 cochlear 3 implantation
5 all 6 patients
6 patients 7 scored
7 scored 9 %
7 scored 10 on
7 scored 16 in
8 0 9 %
10 on 15 test
11 the 15 test
12 monosyllabic 13 word
13 word 15 test
14 recognition 15 test
16 in 24 level
17 free 18 field
18 field 23 intensity
20 70 21 db
21 db 23 intensity
22 spl 23 intensity
23 intensity 24 level

the postoperative pure - tone average was 37.14 db hl ( the best mean threshold [was] 17.50 db hl , the worst was 58.75 db hl [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 average
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 )(
1 the 6 average
2 postoperative 5 tone
3 pure 4 -
3 pure 5 tone
5 tone 6 average
6 average 7 was
7 was 10 hl
8 37.14 9 db
9 db 10 hl
10 hl 19 hl
11 ( 19 hl
12 the 13 best
12 the 19 hl
14 mean 15 threshold
15 threshold 19 hl
17 17.50 18 db
18 db 19 hl
19 hl 20 ,
20 , 22 worst
20 , 23 was
21 the 22 worst
22 worst 23 was
23 was 26 hl
24 58.75 25 db
25 db 26 hl

after the surgery , mean monosyllabic word recognition reached 47.25 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reached
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 after 3 surgery
1 after 4 ,
1 after 8 recognition
2 the 3 surgery
5 mean 7 word
6 monosyllabic 7 word
7 word 8 recognition
8 recognition 9 reached
9 reached 11 %
10 47.25 11 %

speech perception tests showed statistically significant improvement in speech recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 speech 3 tests
2 perception 3 tests
3 tests 4 showed
4 showed 7 improvement
4 showed 8 in
5 statistically 6 significant
6 significant 7 improvement
8 in 10 recognition
9 speech 10 recognition

conclusion : the results of this study showed that cochlear implantation is indeed a successful treatment for improving speech recognition and offers [a] great help in everyday life to deafened elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 8 showed
2 : 33 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 showed
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 showed 9 that
9 that 11 implantation
9 that 21 and
10 cochlear 11 implantation
11 implantation 21 and
12 is 13 indeed
12 is 16 treatment
12 is 21 and
14 a 16 treatment
15 successful 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 for
17 for 18 improving
18 improving 20 recognition
19 speech 20 recognition
21 and 22 offers
21 and 25 help
24 great 25 help
25 help 26 in
26 in 28 life
27 everyday 28 life
28 life 29 to
29 to 32 patients
30 deafened 32 patients
31 elderly 32 patients

therefore , they can be good candidates for cochlear implantation and their age alone should not be a relevant or excluding factor when choosing candidates for cochlear implantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 they
3 they 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 7 candidates
6 good 7 candidates
7 candidates 8 for
8 for 10 implantation
9 cochlear 10 implantation
11 and 13 age
11 and 17 be
12 their 13 age
13 age 15 should
14 alone 15 should
15 should 16 not
15 should 17 be
17 be 22 factor
17 be 23 when
18 a 22 factor
19 relevant 20 or
20 or 21 excluding
20 or 22 factor
23 when 24 choosing
24 choosing 25 candidates
25 candidates 26 for
26 for 28 implantation
27 cochlear 28 implantation

asthma is a disease of all ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 asthma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 asthma 2 is
2 is 4 disease
3 a 4 disease
4 disease 5 of
5 of 7 ages
6 all 7 ages

this assumption has been challenged in the past , because of several cultural and scientific biases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 challenged
1 this 2 assumption
2 assumption 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 challenged
5 challenged 6 in
5 challenged 10 because
6 in 8 past
7 the 8 past
9 , 10 because
10 because 11 of
10 because 17 .
11 of 16 biases
12 several 16 biases
13 cultural 14 and
14 and 15 scientific
14 and 16 biases

a large body of evidence has accumulated in recent years to confirm that the prevalence of asthma in the most advanced ages is similar to that in younger ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 large
1 a 3 body
2 large 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 6 has
4 of 5 evidence
6 has 7 accumulated
7 accumulated 8 in
7 accumulated 11 to
8 in 10 years
9 recent 10 years
11 to 12 confirm
12 confirm 13 that
13 that 15 prevalence
13 that 23 is
14 the 15 prevalence
15 prevalence 16 of
15 prevalence 23 is
16 of 17 asthma
17 asthma 18 in
18 in 22 ages
19 the 20 most
20 most 22 ages
21 advanced 22 ages
23 is 24 similar
24 similar 25 to
24 similar 27 in
25 to 26 that
27 in 29 ages
28 younger 29 ages

asthma in the elderly may show similar functional and clinical characteristics to that occurring in young adults , although the frequent coexistence of comorbid conditions in older patients , together with age - associated changes in the human lung , may lead to more severe forms of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 asthma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 asthma 2 in
1 asthma 5 may
2 in 4 elderly
3 the 4 elderly
5 may 6 show
6 show 11 characteristics
6 show 12 to
6 show 14 occurring
6 show 42 lead
7 similar 11 characteristics
8 functional 9 and
9 and 10 clinical
9 and 11 characteristics
12 to 13 that
14 occurring 15 in
14 occurring 19 although
14 occurring 41 may
15 in 17 adults
16 young 17 adults
18 , 19 although
19 although 22 coexistence
19 although 35 changes
19 although 40 ,
20 the 22 coexistence
21 frequent 22 coexistence
22 coexistence 23 of
22 coexistence 25 conditions
22 coexistence 34 associated
22 coexistence 35 changes
23 of 24 comorbid
25 conditions 26 in
25 conditions 34 associated
26 in 28 patients
27 older 28 patients
28 patients 31 with
29 , 31 with
30 together 31 with
31 with 32 age
31 with 33 -
35 changes 36 in
36 in 39 lung
37 the 39 lung
38 human 39 lung
41 may 42 lead
42 lead 43 to
43 to 46 forms
44 more 46 forms
45 severe 46 forms
46 forms 47 of
47 of 49 disease
48 the 49 disease

management of asthma in the elderly follows specific guidelines that apply to all ages , although most behaviors are pure extrapolation of what has been tested in young ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 follows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 management 2 of
1 management 7 follows
2 of 3 asthma
3 asthma 4 in
4 in 6 elderly
5 the 6 elderly
7 follows 9 guidelines
8 specific 9 guidelines
9 guidelines 10 that
9 guidelines 11 apply
10 that 11 apply
11 apply 12 to
12 to 14 ages
13 all 14 ages
15 , 21 extrapolation
15 , 26 tested
16 although 18 behaviors
16 although 19 are
16 although 21 extrapolation
17 most 18 behaviors
18 behaviors 19 are
19 are 20 pure
21 extrapolation 22 of
21 extrapolation 24 has
22 of 23 what
24 has 25 been
25 been 26 tested
26 tested 27 in
27 in 29 ages
28 young 29 ages

in fact , age has always represented an exclusion criterion for eligibility to clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 4 age
4 age 5 has
5 has 7 represented
6 always 7 represented
7 represented 10 criterion
7 represented 13 to
8 an 9 exclusion
8 an 10 criterion
9 exclusion 10 criterion
10 criterion 11 for
11 for 12 eligibility
13 to 15 trials
14 clinical 15 trials

this review focuses specifically on the safety and efficacy of leukotriene modifiers , which represent a valid option in the treatment of allergic asthma , both as an alternative to first - line drugs [and] [as] add - on treatment to inhaled corticosteroids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 specifically
3 focuses 5 on
5 on 8 and
6 the 7 safety
7 safety 8 and
8 and 9 efficacy
8 and 13 ,
8 and 14 which
8 and 15 represent
8 and 19 in
9 efficacy 10 of
10 of 12 modifiers
11 leukotriene 12 modifiers
14 which 15 represent
15 represent 18 option
16 a 18 option
17 valid 18 option
19 in 21 treatment
20 the 21 treatment
21 treatment 22 of
21 treatment 33 line
22 of 24 asthma
23 allergic 24 asthma
24 asthma 26 both
25 , 26 both
26 both 27 as
26 both 32 -
27 as 29 alternative
28 an 29 alternative
29 alternative 30 to
30 to 31 first
32 - 33 line
33 line 34 drugs
33 line 37 add
33 line 39 on
33 line 44 .
34 drugs 37 add
38 - 39 on
39 on 40 treatment
39 on 44 .
40 treatment 41 to
41 to 43 corticosteroids
42 inhaled 43 corticosteroids

available studies specifically addressing the role of montelukast in the elderly are scarce [;] however [,] leukotriene modifiers have been demonstrated to be safe in this age group , even though cases of acute hepatitis and occurrence of churg - strauss syndrome have [been] described [in] elderly patients [;] whether this is associated with age [is] to be confirmed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 available
1 available 12 are
2 studies 4 addressing
2 studies 7 of
2 studies 12 are
3 specifically 4 addressing
4 addressing 6 role
5 the 6 role
7 of 8 montelukast
8 montelukast 9 in
9 in 11 elderly
10 the 11 elderly
12 are 13 scarce
13 scarce 15 however
15 however 18 modifiers
15 however 21 demonstrated
17 leukotriene 18 modifiers
18 modifiers 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 demonstrated
21 demonstrated 22 to
22 to 29 ,
23 be 24 safe
23 be 29 ,
24 safe 25 in
25 in 28 group
26 this 28 group
27 age 28 group
29 , 30 even
30 even 31 though
31 though 32 cases
31 though 43 have
32 cases 33 of
32 cases 43 have
33 of 42 syndrome
34 acute 42 syndrome
35 hepatitis 36 and
36 and 37 occurrence
36 and 40 -
36 and 42 syndrome
37 occurrence 38 of
38 of 39 churg
41 strauss 42 syndrome
43 have 48 patients
43 have 50 whether
45 described 48 patients
47 elderly 48 patients
50 whether 51 this
50 whether 59 confirmed
51 this 52 is
52 is 53 associated
53 associated 54 with
53 associated 57 to
54 with 55 age
57 to 58 be
58 be 59 confirmed
59 confirmed 60 .

furthermore , leukotriene modifiers provide additional benefit [when] added [to] regular maintenance therapy , not differently from young asthmatics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modifiers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 modifiers
3 leukotriene 4 modifiers
4 modifiers 5 provide
5 provide 13 therapy
5 provide 16 differently
6 additional 7 benefit
7 benefit 9 added
9 added 11 regular
11 regular 13 therapy
12 maintenance 13 therapy
14 , 15 not
14 , 16 differently
16 differently 17 from
16 differently 20 .
17 from 19 asthmatics
18 young 19 asthmatics

in elderly patients , the simpler route of administration of leukotriene modifiers , compared with the inhaled agents , could represent a more effective strategy in improving the outcomes of asthma therapy , given that unintentional nonadherence with inhalation therapy represents a complex problem that may lead to significant impairment of asthma symptom control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 route
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 route
2 elderly 3 patients
5 the 7 route
6 simpler 7 route
7 route 8 of
7 route 20 could
8 of 9 administration
9 administration 10 of
10 of 12 modifiers
11 leukotriene 12 modifiers
12 modifiers 14 compared
13 , 14 compared
14 compared 15 with
14 compared 19 ,
15 with 18 agents
16 the 18 agents
17 inhaled 18 agents
20 could 21 represent
21 represent 25 strategy
21 represent 26 in
22 a 25 strategy
23 more 24 effective
24 effective 25 strategy
26 in 27 improving
27 improving 29 outcomes
28 the 29 outcomes
29 outcomes 30 of
30 of 32 therapy
31 asthma 32 therapy
33 , 37 nonadherence
33 , 41 represents
34 given 37 nonadherence
35 that 36 unintentional
36 unintentional 37 nonadherence
37 nonadherence 38 with
37 nonadherence 41 represents
38 with 40 therapy
39 inhalation 40 therapy
41 represents 44 problem
41 represents 48 to
42 a 44 problem
43 complex 44 problem
44 problem 45 that
44 problem 46 may
45 that 46 may
46 may 47 lead
48 to 50 impairment
49 significant 50 impairment
50 impairment 51 of
51 of 54 control
52 asthma 54 control
53 symptom 54 control

materials and methods : data linkage was used to examine retrospectively the service records of older individuals who had received a reablement service versus a conventional home care service to ascertain their use of home care services over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 data
5 data 20 received
6 linkage 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 11 retrospectively
10 examine 14 records
10 examine 20 received
12 the 14 records
13 service 14 records
14 records 15 of
14 records 20 received
15 of 17 individuals
16 older 17 individuals
17 individuals 18 who
17 individuals 19 had
18 who 19 had
20 received 23 service
20 received 40 .
21 a 23 service
22 reablement 23 service
23 service 24 versus
23 service 30 to
23 service 37 services
24 versus 29 service
25 a 29 service
26 conventional 27 home
27 home 29 service
28 care 29 service
30 to 31 ascertain
31 ascertain 33 use
31 ascertain 37 services
32 their 33 use
33 use 34 of
33 use 37 services
34 of 36 care
35 home 36 care
37 services 38 over
38 over 39 time

results : individuals who had received a reablement service were less likely to use a personal care service throughout [the] follow - up period or any other type of home care over the next 3 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 21 follow
2 : 22 -
3 individuals 4 who
3 individuals 5 had
3 individuals 21 follow
4 who 5 had
5 had 6 received
6 received 8 reablement
7 a 8 reablement
8 reablement 9 service
8 reablement 10 were
8 reablement 12 likely
9 service 10 were
11 less 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 use
13 to 14 use
14 use 18 service
14 use 19 throughout
15 a 16 personal
15 a 18 service
16 personal 17 care
17 care 18 service
22 - 25 or
22 - 37 .
23 up 24 period
24 period 25 or
25 or 31 care
26 any 27 other
27 other 28 type
28 type 29 of
28 type 31 care
29 of 31 care
30 home 31 care
31 care 32 over
32 over 36 years
33 the 34 next
33 the 35 3
35 3 36 years

this reduced use of home care services was associated with median cost savings per person of approximately au $ 12,500 over nearly 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 reduced
2 reduced 3 use
3 use 4 of
3 use 8 was
4 of 7 services
5 home 7 services
6 care 7 services
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 21 over
10 with 13 savings
10 with 19 $
11 median 12 cost
12 cost 13 savings
13 savings 14 per
13 savings 16 of
14 per 15 person
16 of 18 au
17 approximately 18 au
19 $ 20 12,500
21 over 24 years
22 nearly 23 5
23 5 24 years

conclusion : the inclusion of reablement as the starting point for individuals referred for home care within australia 's reformed aged care system could increase the system 's cost effectiveness and ensure that all older australians have the opportunity to maximize their independence as they age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 inclusion
2 : 7 as
2 : 11 for
3 the 4 inclusion
4 inclusion 5 of
5 of 6 reablement
7 as 10 point
8 the 10 point
9 starting 10 point
11 for 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 referred
12 individuals 14 for
14 for 15 home
15 home 16 care
15 home 31 and
16 care 17 within
16 care 24 could
17 within 23 system
18 australia 19 's
19 's 23 system
20 reformed 22 care
21 aged 22 care
22 care 23 system
24 could 31 and
25 increase 30 effectiveness
25 increase 31 and
26 the 27 system
27 system 28 's
28 's 30 effectiveness
29 cost 30 effectiveness
31 and 32 ensure
31 and 40 to
31 and 46 age
32 ensure 33 that
33 that 36 australians
33 that 37 have
34 all 36 australians
35 older 36 australians
36 australians 37 have
37 have 39 opportunity
38 the 39 opportunity
40 to 41 maximize
41 maximize 43 independence
41 maximize 44 as
42 their 43 independence
44 as 45 they
44 as 46 age
45 they 46 age

objectives : studies demonstrate associations between changes in obesity - [related] [phenotypes] and cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 studies
2 : 4 demonstrate
2 : 16 .
3 studies 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 associations
4 demonstrate 6 between
4 demonstrate 8 in
6 between 7 changes
8 in 13 and
9 obesity 13 and
10 - 13 and
13 and 15 risk
14 cardiovascular 15 risk

although maternal pre - pregnancy bmi ( mppbmi ) and gestational weight gain ( gwg ) may be associated with adult offspring adiposity , no study has examined associations with obesity changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 although 3 pre
1 although 18 be
1 although 26 study
2 maternal 3 pre
3 pre 5 pregnancy
3 pre 17 may
4 - 5 pregnancy
5 pregnancy 10 and
5 pregnancy 13 gain
5 pregnancy 15 gwg
5 pregnancy 16 )
6 bmi 8 mppbmi
6 bmi 10 and
7 ( 8 mppbmi
8 mppbmi 9 )
10 and 12 weight
10 and 13 gain
11 gestational 12 weight
14 ( 15 gwg
15 gwg 16 )
17 may 18 be
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 24 ,
19 associated 26 study
20 with 23 adiposity
21 adult 22 offspring
22 offspring 23 adiposity
25 no 26 study
26 study 27 has
27 has 28 examined
28 examined 29 associations
28 examined 30 with
30 with 32 changes
31 obesity 32 changes

associations of mppbmi and gwg with longitudinal change in offspring ['s] bmi ( δbmi ) were examined , and whether associations are explained by offspring genetics was assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 associations 2 of
1 associations 4 and
2 of 3 mppbmi
4 and 5 gwg
4 and 6 with
4 and 9 in
4 and 16 were
6 with 8 change
7 longitudinal 8 change
9 in 12 bmi
10 offspring 12 bmi
12 bmi 14 δbmi
13 ( 14 δbmi
14 δbmi 15 )
16 were 17 examined
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 whether
19 and 28 assessed
20 whether 21 associations
20 whether 23 explained
20 whether 27 was
21 associations 22 are
22 are 23 explained
23 explained 24 by
24 by 26 genetics
25 offspring 26 genetics
27 was 28 assessed

methods : a birth cohort of 1400 adults , with data at birth , age 17 and 32 years was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 cohort
2 : 21 used
2 : 22 .
3 a 4 birth
3 a 5 cohort
4 birth 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 of
5 cohort 20 was
6 of 19 years
7 1400 8 adults
8 adults 10 with
8 adults 15 age
9 , 10 with
10 with 11 data
10 with 14 ,
11 data 12 at
12 at 13 birth
15 age 17 and
16 17 17 and
17 and 18 32
18 32 19 years
20 was 21 used

after genotyping offspring , genetic scores , predictive of exposures and outcome were created , and linear regression models [with] and [without] scores were fit to examine the associations of mppbmi and gwg with δbmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 after 2 genotyping
1 after 11 and
2 genotyping 3 offspring
3 offspring 6 scores
4 , 6 scores
5 genetic 6 scores
6 scores 7 ,
8 predictive 9 of
8 predictive 11 and
9 of 10 exposures
11 and 12 outcome
11 and 13 were
13 were 14 created
15 , 16 and
15 , 27 examine
16 and 21 and
16 and 24 were
17 linear 18 regression
18 regression 19 models
19 models 21 and
21 and 23 scores
21 and 24 were
24 were 25 fit
25 fit 26 to
25 fit 27 examine
26 to 27 examine
27 examine 29 associations
27 examine 34 with
28 the 29 associations
29 associations 30 of
30 of 32 and
31 mppbmi 32 and
32 and 33 gwg
34 with 35 δbmi

results : a one sd change in mppbmi and gwg was associated with a 0.83 and [a] 0.75 kg/m² increase in δbmi , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 change
3 a 6 change
4 one 5 sd
5 sd 6 change
6 change 7 in
7 in 8 mppbmi
9 and 10 gwg
9 and 12 associated
10 gwg 11 was
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 21 in
12 associated 24 respectively
13 with 20 increase
14 a 20 increase
15 0.83 16 and
16 and 18 0.75
16 and 19 kg/m²
19 kg/m² 20 increase
21 in 22 δbmi
23 , 24 respectively
24 respectively 25 .

the association between mppbmi and offspring δbmi was slightly attenuated ( 12 % [ )(with the addition of genetic scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 5 and
3 between 4 mppbmi
5 and 6 offspring
5 and 7 δbmi
5 and 8 was
5 and 10 attenuated
5 and 13 %
7 δbmi 8 was
9 slightly 10 attenuated
11 ( 13 %
12 12 13 %
13 % 15 )(with
13 % 21 .
15 )(with 17 addition
16 the 17 addition
17 addition 18 of
18 of 20 scores
19 genetic 20 scores

in the gwg model , a significant substantial 28.2 % decrease in the coefficient was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 model
1 in 5 ,
1 in 11 decrease
2 the 4 model
3 gwg 4 model
6 a 7 significant
6 a 11 decrease
7 significant 11 decrease
8 substantial 11 decrease
9 28.2 10 %
10 % 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 in
11 decrease 15 was
12 in 14 coefficient
13 the 14 coefficient
15 was 16 observed

conclusions : this study points to an association between maternal excess weight in pregnancy and offspring bmi change from adolescence to adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 points
2 : 23 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 points
5 points 6 to
5 points 9 between
5 points 13 in
6 to 8 association
7 an 8 association
9 between 12 weight
10 maternal 11 excess
11 excess 12 weight
13 in 15 and
14 pregnancy 15 and
15 and 18 change
16 offspring 18 change
17 bmi 18 change
18 change 19 from
19 from 20 adolescence
20 adolescence 21 to
21 to 22 adulthood

genetic factors may account , [in] part , for gwg/δbmi [association] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 genetic 2 factors
2 factors 5 ,
3 may 4 account
3 may 5 ,
5 , 7 part
7 part 9 for
8 , 9 for
9 for 10 gwg/δbmi
9 for 12 .

these findings broaden observations that maternal obesity [-] related phenotypes [have] long - term consequences for offspring health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 broaden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 broaden
3 broaden 4 observations
4 observations 5 that
4 observations 10 phenotypes
5 that 7 obesity
5 that 10 phenotypes
6 maternal 7 obesity
7 obesity 9 related
7 obesity 10 phenotypes
10 phenotypes 12 long
13 - 14 term
13 - 19 .
14 term 15 consequences
14 term 16 for
16 for 18 health
17 offspring 18 health

the study of t cell biology has been accelerated by substantial progress at the technological level , particularly through the continuing advancement of flow cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 accelerated
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 of
2 study 6 biology
2 study 8 been
2 study 9 accelerated
3 of 4 t
5 cell 6 biology
6 biology 7 has
7 has 8 been
9 accelerated 10 by
9 accelerated 13 at
10 by 12 progress
11 substantial 12 progress
13 at 16 level
14 the 16 level
15 technological 16 level
16 level 19 through
17 , 18 particularly
17 , 19 through
19 through 22 advancement
19 through 26 .
20 the 22 advancement
21 continuing 22 advancement
22 advancement 23 of
23 of 25 cytometry
24 flow 25 cytometry

the conventional approach of observing [t] cells as either [t] helper or t [cytotoxic] is overly simplistic and does not allow investigators to clearly identify immune mechanisms or alterations in physiological processes that impact on clinical outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 3 approach
2 conventional 3 approach
3 approach 4 of
3 approach 12 or
4 of 5 observing
5 observing 7 cells
7 cells 8 as
8 as 11 helper
9 either 11 helper
12 or 13 t
12 or 18 and
15 is 17 simplistic
15 is 18 and
16 overly 17 simplistic
18 and 19 does
18 and 34 impact
19 does 20 not
19 does 21 allow
21 allow 22 investigators
21 allow 27 mechanisms
21 allow 28 or
22 investigators 23 to
22 investigators 25 identify
23 to 25 identify
24 clearly 25 identify
26 immune 27 mechanisms
28 or 29 alterations
29 alterations 30 in
30 in 32 processes
31 physiological 32 processes
33 that 34 impact
34 impact 35 on
35 on 37 outcomes
36 clinical 37 outcomes

the complexity [of] t cell sub - populations , as we understand them today , combined with the immunological and functional diversity of these subsets represent significant complications for the study of [t] cell biology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sub
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 6 sub
2 complexity 4 t
2 complexity 6 sub
5 cell 6 sub
7 - 8 populations
7 - 9 ,
9 , 26 represent
10 as 11 we
10 as 15 ,
10 as 26 represent
11 we 15 ,
12 understand 13 them
12 understand 14 today
12 understand 15 ,
15 , 16 combined
15 , 17 with
17 with 22 diversity
18 the 22 diversity
19 immunological 20 and
20 and 21 functional
20 and 22 diversity
22 diversity 23 of
23 of 25 subsets
24 these 25 subsets
26 represent 28 complications
26 represent 29 for
27 significant 28 complications
29 for 31 study
30 the 31 study
31 study 32 of
32 of 35 biology
34 cell 35 biology

in this article , we review the use of classical markers in delineating [t] cell sub - populations , from " truly naïve " [t] cells [(] recent thymic emigrants with no proliferative history [ )(to " exhausted senescent " [t] cells [(] poorly proliferative cells that display severe functional abnormalities [ )(wherein the different [phenotypes] [of] [these] populations reflect their disparate functionalities [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 review
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 review
6 review 8 use
7 the 8 use
8 use 9 of
9 of 11 markers
10 classical 11 markers
11 markers 12 in
11 markers 20 from
12 in 16 sub
13 delineating 16 sub
15 cell 16 sub
16 sub 18 populations
17 - 18 populations
18 populations 19 ,
20 from 21 "
20 from 30 emigrants
22 truly 23 naïve
23 naïve 24 "
23 naïve 26 cells
26 cells 30 emigrants
28 recent 30 emigrants
29 thymic 30 emigrants
30 emigrants 31 with
31 with 34 history
32 no 34 history
33 proliferative 34 history
34 history 36 )(to
36 )(to 37 "
36 )(to 46 cells
38 exhausted 39 senescent
39 senescent 40 "
39 senescent 46 cells
42 cells 46 cells
44 poorly 45 proliferative
45 proliferative 46 cells
46 cells 47 that
46 cells 48 display
47 that 48 display
48 display 51 abnormalities
48 display 53 )(wherein
49 severe 51 abnormalities
50 functional 51 abnormalities
53 )(wherein 59 populations
53 )(wherein 60 reflect
54 the 59 populations
55 different 59 populations
59 populations 60 reflect
60 reflect 63 functionalities
61 their 63 functionalities
62 disparate 63 functionalities

in addition , since persistent infections and chronological aging have been shown to be associated with significant alterations in human t cell distribution and function , we also discuss age [-] associated and cytomegalovirus - driven alterations in the expression of key subset markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 27 we
3 , 4 since
4 since 7 and
4 since 12 shown
4 since 26 ,
4 since 27 we
5 persistent 6 infections
6 infections 7 and
7 and 8 chronological
7 and 9 aging
7 and 10 have
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 shown
12 shown 13 to
12 shown 19 in
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 alterations
17 significant 18 alterations
19 in 24 and
20 human 21 t
20 human 22 cell
22 cell 23 distribution
23 distribution 24 and
24 and 25 function
24 and 26 ,
27 we 29 discuss
28 also 29 discuss
29 discuss 37 alterations
29 discuss 38 in
30 age 32 associated
30 age 33 and
33 and 34 cytomegalovirus
33 and 35 -
33 and 36 driven
36 driven 37 alterations
38 in 40 expression
39 the 40 expression
40 expression 41 of
41 of 44 markers
42 key 43 subset
43 subset 44 markers

objective : to evaluate the association [between] self - reported daily sitting time and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 10 reported
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 8 self
5 the 8 self
6 association 8 self
9 - 10 reported
10 reported 14 and
10 reported 21 in
11 daily 12 sitting
12 sitting 13 time
13 time 14 and
14 and 16 incidence
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 incidence
17 of 20 diabetes
18 type 20 diabetes
19 2 20 diabetes
21 in 23 cohort
22 a 23 cohort
23 cohort 24 of
24 of 26 women
25 postmenopausal 26 women

methods : women ( n=88,829 ) without diagnosed diabetes reported the number of hours spent sitting over a typical day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 women
2 : 7 without
2 : 17 over
3 women 5 n=88,829
4 ( 5 n=88,829
5 n=88,829 6 )
7 without 9 diabetes
8 diagnosed 9 diabetes
9 diabetes 10 reported
9 diabetes 16 sitting
11 the 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 16 sitting
13 of 14 hours
14 hours 15 spent
17 over 20 day
18 a 19 typical
18 a 20 day
19 typical 20 day

incident cases of diabetes were identified annually by self [-] reported initiation of using oral medications or insulin for diabetes > 14.4 years follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 incident 2 cases
2 cases 3 of
2 cases 5 were
3 of 4 diabetes
5 were 6 identified
6 identified 7 annually
6 identified 8 by
6 identified 19 for
8 by 17 or
9 self 11 reported
11 reported 12 initiation
12 initiation 13 of
12 initiation 17 or
13 of 14 using
14 using 16 medications
15 oral 16 medications
17 or 18 insulin
19 for 20 diabetes
20 diabetes 23 years
20 diabetes 24 follow
21 > 22 14.4
22 14.4 23 years
23 years 24 follow
25 - 26 up

results : each hour of sitting time was positively associated with increased risk of diabetes [ risk [ratio] [(] [rr] ) : 1.05 ; 95 % confidence [interval] ( ci ) : 1.02 - 1.08 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 hour
2 : 10 associated
2 : 22 :
2 : 24 ;
3 each 4 hour
4 hour 5 of
4 hour 8 was
5 of 6 sitting
6 sitting 7 time
8 was 9 positively
8 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 risk
12 increased 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 diabetes
15 diabetes 17 risk
16 [ 17 risk
17 risk 21 )
22 : 23 1.05
24 ; 27 confidence
24 ; 32 :
25 95 26 %
26 % 27 confidence
27 confidence 30 ci
27 confidence 32 :
29 ( 30 ci
30 ci 31 )
32 : 33 1.02
33 1.02 35 1.08
34 - 35 1.08
35 1.08 36 ]

however , sitting time was only positively associated with incident diabetes in obese women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sitting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 sitting
3 sitting 4 time
3 sitting 5 was
5 was 6 only
5 was 8 associated
7 positively 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 12 in
9 with 11 diabetes
10 incident 11 diabetes
12 in 14 women
13 obese 14 women

these associations were adjusted for demographics , health conditions , behaviors ( smoking , diet , and alcohol intake ) , and family history of diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adjusted
1 these 2 associations
2 associations 3 were
3 were 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 5 for
5 for 6 demographics
6 demographics 9 conditions
6 demographics 11 behaviors
7 , 9 conditions
8 health 9 conditions
9 conditions 10 ,
10 , 11 behaviors
11 behaviors 22 and
11 behaviors 27 .
12 ( 22 and
13 smoking 14 ,
14 , 15 diet
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 intake
17 and 20 )
17 and 22 and
18 alcohol 19 intake
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 history
22 and 25 of
22 and 27 .
23 family 24 history
25 of 26 diabetes

time performing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity did not modify these associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 modify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 time 2 performing
1 time 3 moderate
1 time 9 did
3 moderate 4 to
4 to 8 activity
5 vigorous 6 intensity
6 intensity 8 activity
7 physical 8 activity
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 modify
11 modify 13 associations
12 these 13 associations

conclusions : time spent sitting was independently associated with increased risk of diabetes diagnosis among obese women [-] a population already at high risk of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 time
3 time 4 spent
3 time 5 sitting
3 time 8 associated
5 sitting 6 was
6 was 8 associated
7 independently 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 21 already
8 associated 22 at
9 with 11 risk
9 with 20 population
10 increased 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 14 diagnosis
13 diabetes 14 diagnosis
14 diagnosis 15 among
15 among 17 women
16 obese 17 women
19 a 20 population
22 at 24 risk
23 high 24 risk
24 risk 25 of
25 of 27 disease
26 the 27 disease

type 2 diabetes mellitus is very prevalent among persons aged 60 - 80 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 type 2 2
1 type 3 diabetes
3 diabetes 15 old
4 mellitus 5 is
5 is 7 prevalent
6 very 7 prevalent
7 prevalent 8 among
8 among 9 persons
9 persons 10 aged
10 aged 12 -
11 60 12 -
12 - 13 80
13 80 14 years
14 years 15 old

this population is expected to increase [in] [number] and is characterized by the presence of comorbidities , long standing diabetes , frailty , high rate of cognitive impairment and limited life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 this 2 population
2 population 9 and
3 is 4 expected
3 is 9 and
4 expected 5 to
4 expected 6 increase
5 to 6 increase
9 and 10 is
9 and 19 standing
9 and 20 diabetes
10 is 11 characterized
11 characterized 12 by
12 by 14 presence
13 the 14 presence
14 presence 15 of
15 of 16 comorbidities
17 , 19 standing
18 long 19 standing
20 diabetes 29 and
21 , 29 and
22 frailty 23 ,
23 , 25 rate
23 , 29 and
24 high 25 rate
25 rate 26 of
26 of 28 impairment
27 cognitive 28 impairment
29 and 32 expectancy
29 and 33 .
30 limited 31 life
31 life 32 expectancy

these characteristics have a significant impact on diabetes and treatment among the elderly , much as diabetes predisposes to these conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 have
3 have 6 impact
3 have 7 on
3 have 11 among
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 impact
5 significant 6 impact
7 on 9 and
8 diabetes 9 and
9 and 10 treatment
11 among 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly
14 , 15 much
14 , 18 predisposes
15 much 16 as
15 much 18 predisposes
16 as 17 diabetes
18 predisposes 19 to
18 predisposes 21 conditions
19 to 20 these

in this article we will describe mechanisms that may lead to insulin resistance and diabetes among the elderly and also [how] these conditions contribute to the development of frailty and cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 article
4 we 5 will
5 will 6 describe
6 describe 7 mechanisms
6 describe 11 to
6 describe 16 among
7 mechanisms 8 that
7 mechanisms 10 lead
8 that 9 may
9 may 10 lead
11 to 14 and
12 insulin 13 resistance
13 resistance 14 and
14 and 15 diabetes
16 among 18 elderly
17 the 18 elderly
19 and 23 conditions
19 and 24 contribute
20 also 23 conditions
22 these 23 conditions
23 conditions 24 contribute
24 contribute 25 to
25 to 27 development
26 the 27 development
27 development 28 of
28 of 30 and
29 frailty 30 and
30 and 32 impairment
31 cognitive 32 impairment

hypoglycemia and it ['s] consequences are important considerations when planning the treatment of diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 hypoglycemia 2 and
2 and 3 it
2 and 5 consequences
2 and 10 planning
5 consequences 6 are
6 are 8 considerations
6 are 9 when
7 important 8 considerations
9 when 10 planning
10 planning 12 treatment
11 the 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 of
13 of 14 diabetes

treatment options in light of new goals and the danger of hypoglycemia will be detailed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 treatment 2 options
2 options 3 in
2 options 8 and
3 in 4 light
4 light 5 of
5 of 7 goals
6 new 7 goals
8 and 10 danger
8 and 11 of
8 and 13 will
9 the 10 danger
11 of 12 hypoglycemia
13 will 14 be
14 be 15 detailed

the precise mechanisms of antioxidant - mediated longevity are poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 precise 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 of
3 mechanisms 9 are
4 of 8 longevity
5 antioxidant 6 -
5 antioxidant 8 longevity
7 mediated 8 longevity
9 are 11 understood
10 poorly 11 understood

we show that an antioxidant treatment can extend the lifespan of caenorhabditis elegans ( [c] [.] elegans ) through the nuclear translocation of the forkhead box o transcription factor ( foxo [ )(homolog daf - 16 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 6 treatment
3 that 8 extend
4 an 5 antioxidant
4 an 6 treatment
5 antioxidant 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 can
7 can 8 extend
8 extend 10 lifespan
8 extend 19 through
9 the 10 lifespan
10 lifespan 11 of
11 of 13 elegans
12 caenorhabditis 13 elegans
13 elegans 17 elegans
14 ( 17 elegans
17 elegans 18 )
19 through 22 translocation
20 the 22 translocation
21 nuclear 22 translocation
22 translocation 23 of
22 translocation 34 daf
23 of 29 factor
24 the 29 factor
25 forkhead 29 factor
26 box 27 o
26 box 28 transcription
28 transcription 29 factor
30 ( 34 daf
31 foxo 34 daf
33 )(homolog 34 daf
34 daf 35 -
35 - 36 16
35 - 37 .

the differences in the mechanisms of foxo activation by antioxidants and oxidants result in differences in foxo phosphorylation and target gene expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 6 of
2 differences 13 result
3 in 5 mechanisms
4 the 5 mechanisms
6 of 8 activation
7 foxo 8 activation
8 activation 9 by
9 by 11 and
10 antioxidants 11 and
11 and 12 oxidants
13 result 14 in
13 result 16 in
14 in 15 differences
16 in 19 and
17 foxo 18 phosphorylation
18 phosphorylation 19 and
19 and 22 expression
20 target 22 expression
21 gene 22 expression

based on these results , we found that a combination of early antioxidant treatment and late oxidant treatment is most effective for lifespan extension in c [.] elegans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 6 we
2 on 4 results
3 these 4 results
6 we 7 found
7 found 8 that
7 found 10 combination
9 a 10 combination
10 combination 11 of
11 of 14 treatment
12 early 14 treatment
13 antioxidant 14 treatment
15 and 18 treatment
15 and 19 is
16 late 18 treatment
17 oxidant 18 treatment
18 treatment 19 is
19 is 21 effective
20 most 21 effective
21 effective 22 for
22 for 23 lifespan
23 lifespan 24 extension
23 lifespan 28 elegans
24 extension 25 in
24 extension 28 elegans
25 in 26 c

the occurrence of variant creutzfeldt - jakob ( vcjd ) disease in humans was almost certainly the result of consumption of food contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( bse ) prions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 occurrence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 occurrence
2 occurrence 3 of
2 occurrence 12 in
2 occurrence 14 was
3 of 11 disease
4 variant 11 disease
5 creutzfeldt 7 jakob
5 creutzfeldt 11 disease
6 - 7 jakob
7 jakob 9 vcjd
7 jakob 10 )
8 ( 9 vcjd
9 vcjd 10 )
12 in 13 humans
14 was 15 almost
14 was 16 certainly
14 was 18 result
17 the 18 result
18 result 19 of
18 result 24 with
19 of 20 consumption
20 consumption 21 of
21 of 22 food
22 food 23 contaminated
24 with 31 prions
25 bovine 31 prions
26 spongiform 31 prions
27 encephalopathy 29 bse
27 encephalopathy 30 )
27 encephalopathy 31 prions
28 ( 29 bse
29 bse 30 )

despite probable widespread exposure of the uk population to bse - contaminated food in the 1980s , vcjd has been identified [predominantly] in young individuals , and there have been fewer cases of clinical disease than anticipated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 vcjd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 despite 4 exposure
1 despite 17 ,
1 despite 18 vcjd
2 probable 4 exposure
3 widespread 4 exposure
4 exposure 5 of
5 of 8 population
6 the 8 population
7 uk 8 population
8 population 9 to
9 to 10 bse
10 bse 13 food
11 - 13 food
12 contaminated 13 food
13 food 14 in
13 food 17 ,
14 in 16 1980s
15 the 16 1980s
18 vcjd 19 has
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 identified
21 identified 23 in
23 in 25 individuals
24 young 25 individuals
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 there
27 and 30 been
28 there 29 have
29 have 30 been
30 been 32 cases
30 been 37 anticipated
31 fewer 32 cases
32 cases 33 of
33 of 35 disease
34 clinical 35 disease
36 than 37 anticipated

the reasons for this are uncertain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 2 reasons
2 reasons 3 for
2 reasons 5 are
3 for 4 this
5 are 6 uncertain

following peripheral exposure , many prions replicate within the lymphoid tissues before infecting the central nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 prions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 replicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 following 3 exposure
1 following 4 ,
1 following 6 prions
2 peripheral 3 exposure
5 many 6 prions
6 prions 7 replicate
7 replicate 8 within
7 replicate 11 tissues
7 replicate 12 before
8 within 10 lymphoid
9 the 10 lymphoid
12 before 13 infecting
13 infecting 17 system
14 the 17 system
15 central 17 system
16 nervous 17 system

we have shown that the effects of host age on the microarchitecture of the spleen significantly impair susceptibility to mouse [-] adapted prions after peripheral exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 shown
3 shown 4 that
4 that 6 effects
4 that 17 impair
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 17 impair
7 of 9 age
8 host 9 age
9 age 10 on
10 on 12 microarchitecture
11 the 12 microarchitecture
12 microarchitecture 13 of
13 of 15 spleen
14 the 15 spleen
16 significantly 17 impair
17 impair 18 susceptibility
17 impair 19 to
17 impair 24 after
19 to 23 prions
20 mouse 22 adapted
22 adapted 23 prions
24 after 26 exposure
25 peripheral 26 exposure

the transmission of prions between different mammalian species is considered to be limited by the ['] species barrier ['] , which is dependent on several factors , including an intact immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transmission
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 considered
1 the 2 transmission
2 transmission 3 of
2 transmission 9 is
3 of 4 prions
4 prions 5 between
5 between 8 species
6 different 8 species
7 mammalian 8 species
9 is 10 considered
10 considered 11 to
10 considered 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 limited
13 limited 14 by
13 limited 28 including
14 by 18 barrier
15 the 18 barrier
17 species 18 barrier
18 barrier 21 which
20 , 21 which
21 which 22 is
21 which 27 ,
22 is 23 dependent
23 dependent 24 on
24 on 26 factors
25 several 26 factors
27 , 28 including
28 including 32 system
28 including 33 .
29 an 30 intact
29 an 32 system
30 intact 32 system
31 immune 32 system

thus , cross - species prion transmission may be much less efficient in aged individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 cross
4 - 7 transmission
4 - 9 be
4 - 16 .
5 species 7 transmission
6 prion 7 transmission
7 transmission 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 12 efficient
10 much 11 less
11 less 12 efficient
12 efficient 13 in
13 in 15 individuals
14 aged 15 individuals

to test this hypothesis , we compared prion pathogenesis in groups of young ( 6 - 8 weeks old ) and aged [(] 600 days old ) mice injected with primary bse brain homogenate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 injected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 4 hypothesis
3 this 4 hypothesis
5 , 6 we
5 , 7 compared
6 we 7 compared
7 compared 9 pathogenesis
8 prion 9 pathogenesis
9 pathogenesis 10 in
10 in 11 groups
11 groups 12 of
12 of 25 days
13 young 16 -
13 young 21 and
14 ( 16 -
15 6 16 -
16 - 17 8
16 - 20 )
17 8 19 old
18 weeks 19 old
21 and 22 aged
21 and 25 days
22 aged 24 600
25 days 28 mice
25 days 29 injected
26 old 27 )
26 old 28 mice
28 mice 29 injected
29 injected 30 with
30 with 34 homogenate
31 primary 34 homogenate
32 bse 33 brain
33 brain 34 homogenate

we showed that prion [pathogenesis] was impaired dramatically in aged mice when compared with young animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 showed
2 showed 3 that
3 that 4 prion
3 that 7 impaired
4 prion 6 was
6 was 7 impaired
7 impaired 8 dramatically
7 impaired 9 in
7 impaired 12 when
9 in 11 mice
10 aged 11 mice
12 when 13 compared
13 compared 14 with
14 with 16 animals
15 young 16 animals

whereas most young mice succumbed to clinical prion disease , all aged mice failed to develop clinical disease during their lifespans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 failed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 whereas 4 mice
1 whereas 5 succumbed
1 whereas 13 mice
2 most 4 mice
3 young 4 mice
4 mice 5 succumbed
6 to 9 disease
6 to 10 ,
6 to 13 mice
7 clinical 8 prion
8 prion 9 disease
11 all 13 mice
12 aged 13 mice
13 mice 14 failed
14 failed 15 to
14 failed 16 develop
15 to 16 develop
16 develop 18 disease
17 clinical 18 disease
18 disease 19 during
19 during 21 lifespans
20 their 21 lifespans

however , the demonstration that prion accumulation was detected in the lymphoid tissues of some aged mice after injection with primary bse brain homogenate , in the absence of clinical signs of prion disease , has important implications for human health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 demonstration
3 the 4 demonstration
4 demonstration 5 that
4 demonstration 14 of
4 demonstration 16 aged
4 demonstration 36 has
5 that 7 accumulation
5 that 9 detected
6 prion 7 accumulation
7 accumulation 8 was
8 was 9 detected
9 detected 10 in
10 in 13 tissues
11 the 13 tissues
12 lymphoid 13 tissues
13 tissues 14 of
15 some 16 aged
16 aged 17 mice
16 aged 35 ,
17 mice 18 after
18 after 19 injection
19 injection 20 with
20 with 24 homogenate
21 primary 23 brain
22 bse 23 brain
23 brain 24 homogenate
24 homogenate 26 in
25 , 26 in
26 in 28 absence
26 in 35 ,
27 the 28 absence
28 absence 29 of
28 absence 32 of
29 of 31 signs
30 clinical 31 signs
32 of 34 disease
33 prion 34 disease
36 has 38 implications
36 has 39 for
37 important 38 implications
39 for 41 health
40 human 41 health

background : in contrast to the large literature on patients ' coping with an initial diagnosis of cancer , there have been few quantitative or qualitative studies of patients coping with recurrence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 12 coping
3 in 4 contrast
4 contrast 5 to
5 to 8 literature
6 the 8 literature
7 large 8 literature
8 literature 9 on
9 on 11 '
10 patients 11 '
12 coping 13 with
13 with 16 diagnosis
14 an 15 initial
14 an 16 diagnosis
15 initial 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 of
17 of 18 cancer
19 , 20 there
19 , 22 been
20 there 21 have
21 have 22 been
22 been 27 studies
23 few 27 studies
24 quantitative 25 or
25 or 26 qualitative
25 or 27 studies
27 studies 28 of
27 studies 30 coping
28 of 29 patients
30 coping 31 with
31 with 32 recurrence

a qualitative study was undertaken to aid in the development of a tailored intervention for these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 qualitative
1 a 3 study
2 qualitative 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 undertaken
5 undertaken 6 to
5 undertaken 8 in
6 to 7 aid
8 in 10 development
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
11 of 14 intervention
12 a 14 intervention
13 tailored 14 intervention
14 intervention 15 for
15 for 17 patients
16 these 17 patients

methods : individuals ( n=35 ) [receiving] follow - up care for recurrent [breast] or gynecologic cancer at a university [-] affiliated cancer center participated in an individual or a group interview . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 8 follow
2 : 9 -
3 individuals 5 n=35
3 individuals 8 follow
4 ( 5 n=35
5 n=35 6 )
9 - 10 up
10 up 11 care
10 up 12 for
12 for 17 cancer
13 recurrent 15 or
15 or 16 gynecologic
15 or 17 cancer
17 cancer 18 at
17 cancer 25 participated
18 at 24 center
19 a 24 center
20 university 22 affiliated
22 affiliated 23 cancer
23 cancer 24 center
25 participated 26 in
26 in 29 or
27 an 28 individual
28 individual 29 or
29 or 32 interview
30 a 32 interview
31 group 32 interview

transcripts of interviews were analyzed using a coding format with two areas of emphasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 transcripts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 transcripts 2 of
1 transcripts 4 were
2 of 3 interviews
4 were 5 analyzed
5 analyzed 6 using
6 using 9 format
6 using 10 with
7 a 9 format
8 coding 9 format
10 with 12 areas
11 two 12 areas
12 areas 13 of
13 of 14 emphasis

first , we focused on patients ' emotions , [as] there is specificity between emotions and the corresponding ways in which individuals choose to manage them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 first 2 ,
1 first 3 we
3 we 4 focused
4 focused 5 on
5 on 8 emotions
6 patients 7 '
7 ' 8 emotions
9 , 11 there
9 , 12 is
11 there 12 is
12 is 13 specificity
13 specificity 14 between
14 between 16 and
15 emotions 16 and
16 and 19 ways
16 and 27 .
17 the 19 ways
18 corresponding 19 ways
19 ways 20 in
20 in 21 which
20 in 22 individuals
20 in 23 choose
22 individuals 23 choose
23 choose 24 to
23 choose 25 manage
24 to 25 manage
25 manage 26 them

secondly , we considered the patients ' social environments and relationships , as they [too] appear key in the adjustment [to] , and survival [from] , cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 secondly 2 ,
1 secondly 3 we
3 we 4 considered
4 considered 10 and
5 the 6 patients
6 patients 7 '
7 ' 9 environments
8 social 9 environments
9 environments 10 and
10 and 11 relationships
12 , 17 key
13 as 14 they
13 as 16 appear
13 as 17 key
14 they 16 appear
17 key 18 in
17 key 27 cancer
18 in 23 and
19 the 20 adjustment
20 adjustment 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 survival
23 and 26 ,

results : patients identified notable differences in their responses to an initial diagnosis of cancer and their current ones to recurrence , including the following : ( [i] [ )(depressive symptoms being [problematic] [;] [(] ii [ )(with [the] passing years and the women 's own aging , there is shrinkage in the size of social networks [;] and [(] iii ) additional losses come from social support erosion , arising from [a] [ )(intentional distancing by social contacts , [b] [ )(friends and family not understanding that cancer recurrence is [a] chronic illness , [and/or] [c] [ )(patients stemming their support requests across time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 differences
3 patients 6 differences
4 identified 6 differences
5 notable 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 10 to
7 in 9 responses
8 their 9 responses
10 to 13 diagnosis
11 an 13 diagnosis
12 initial 13 diagnosis
13 diagnosis 14 of
14 of 23 including
15 cancer 16 and
16 and 19 ones
16 and 22 ,
16 and 23 including
17 their 19 ones
18 current 19 ones
19 ones 20 to
20 to 21 recurrence
23 including 25 following
23 including 26 :
24 the 25 following
25 following 26 :
26 : 32 being
27 ( 32 being
30 )(depressive 31 symptoms
31 symptoms 32 being
32 being 36 ii
36 ii 38 )(with
38 )(with 40 passing
40 passing 51 shrinkage
40 passing 52 in
41 years 42 and
42 and 47 aging
42 and 48 ,
42 and 49 there
42 and 50 is
42 and 51 shrinkage
43 the 44 women
44 women 45 's
45 's 46 own
45 's 47 aging
49 there 50 is
52 in 59 and
53 the 54 size
54 size 55 of
54 size 59 and
55 of 57 networks
56 social 57 networks
59 and 61 iii
59 and 62 )
59 and 64 losses
59 and 65 come
63 additional 64 losses
64 losses 65 come
65 come 66 from
65 come 72 from
66 from 69 erosion
67 social 69 erosion
68 support 69 erosion
69 erosion 71 arising
70 , 71 arising
72 from 84 and
75 )(intentional 76 distancing
76 distancing 77 by
76 distancing 80 ,
77 by 79 contacts
78 social 79 contacts
80 , 83 )(friends
80 , 84 and
84 and 85 family
85 family 86 not
86 not 87 understanding
87 understanding 90 recurrence
87 understanding 91 is
88 that 90 recurrence
89 cancer 90 recurrence
90 recurrence 91 is
91 is 94 illness
93 chronic 94 illness
94 illness 99 )(patients
95 , 99 )(patients
99 )(patients 100 stemming
99 )(patients 103 requests
99 )(patients 106 .
100 stemming 102 support
100 stemming 103 requests
101 their 102 support
103 requests 104 across
104 across 105 time

conclusion : the contribution of these findings to the selection of intervention strategies is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 contribution
2 : 15 discussed
2 : 16 .
3 the 4 contribution
4 contribution 5 of
4 contribution 14 is
5 of 7 findings
6 these 7 findings
7 findings 8 to
8 to 10 selection
9 the 10 selection
10 selection 11 of
11 of 13 strategies
12 intervention 13 strategies
14 is 15 discussed

purpose : to determine sex - specific reference values for left [ventricular] ( lv ) volumes , mass , and ejection fraction ( ef ) in healthy adults using computer [-] aided analysis [and] to examine the effect of age on lv parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 8 reference
2 : 9 values
3 to 4 determine
3 to 6 -
3 to 8 reference
4 determine 5 sex
7 specific 8 reference
8 reference 9 values
9 values 10 for
9 values 26 in
9 values 29 using
9 values 43 parameters
10 for 20 and
11 left 14 lv
11 left 15 )
11 left 16 volumes
13 ( 14 lv
14 lv 15 )
16 volumes 17 ,
17 , 18 mass
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 fraction
20 and 24 ef
21 ejection 22 fraction
23 ( 24 ef
24 ef 25 )
26 in 28 adults
27 healthy 28 adults
29 using 33 analysis
29 using 35 to
29 using 36 examine
30 computer 32 aided
32 aided 33 analysis
35 to 36 examine
36 examine 38 effect
37 the 38 effect
38 effect 39 of
39 of 40 age
40 age 41 on
41 on 42 lv

materials and methods : we examined data from 1494 members of the framingham heart study offspring cohort , obtained using short - axis stack cine ssfp cmr [,] identified a healthy reference group [(] without cardiovascular disease , hypertension , or [lv] wall motion abnormality ) and determined [sex] - specific upper 95th percentile thresholds for [lv] volumes and mass , and lower 5th percentile thresholds for ef using computer - assisted border detection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 7 data
7 data 8 from
7 data 19 obtained
8 from 10 members
9 1494 10 members
10 members 11 of
11 of 17 cohort
12 the 17 cohort
13 framingham 14 heart
14 heart 15 study
15 study 16 offspring
16 offspring 17 cohort
18 , 19 obtained
19 obtained 20 using
20 using 23 axis
21 short 22 -
21 short 23 axis
23 axis 27 cmr
23 axis 29 identified
24 stack 27 cmr
25 cine 27 cmr
26 ssfp 27 cmr
27 cmr 29 identified
29 identified 33 group
29 identified 35 without
30 a 33 group
31 healthy 33 group
32 reference 33 group
35 without 47 and
36 cardiovascular 37 disease
37 disease 38 ,
38 , 39 hypertension
38 , 41 or
40 , 41 or
41 or 45 abnormality
41 or 46 )
41 or 47 and
43 wall 44 motion
44 motion 45 abnormality
47 and 55 thresholds
48 determined 50 -
48 determined 55 thresholds
51 specific 55 thresholds
52 upper 55 thresholds
53 95th 55 thresholds
54 percentile 55 thresholds
55 thresholds 56 for
56 for 62 and
58 volumes 59 and
59 and 60 mass
59 and 61 ,
59 and 62 and
62 and 66 thresholds
62 and 67 for
62 and 69 using
63 lower 66 thresholds
64 5th 66 thresholds
65 percentile 66 thresholds
67 for 68 ef
69 using 70 computer
70 computer 74 detection
71 - 74 detection
72 assisted 74 detection
73 border 74 detection
74 detection 75 .

in secondary analyses , we stratified participants by age - [decade] and tested for linear trend [across] age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 analyses
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 secondary 3 analyses
5 we 12 and
6 stratified 7 participants
6 stratified 8 by
6 stratified 12 and
8 by 9 age
10 - 12 and
12 and 13 tested
12 and 14 for
14 for 19 groups
15 linear 16 trend
16 trend 19 groups
18 age 19 groups

results : the reference group comprised 685 adults ( 423f ; 61 ± 9 years [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 )(
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 comprised
2 : 11 ;
3 the 5 group
4 reference 5 group
5 group 6 comprised
6 comprised 8 adults
7 685 8 adults
8 adults 10 423f
9 ( 10 423f
10 423f 11 ;
11 ; 12 61
11 ; 13 ±
12 61 13 ±
13 ± 15 years
14 9 15 years

men had greater [lv] volumes and mass , before and after indexation to common measures of body size ( [all] p = 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 men 2 had
2 had 6 and
2 had 13 to
3 greater 5 volumes
5 volumes 6 and
6 and 7 mass
6 and 8 ,
6 and 10 and
9 before 10 and
10 and 11 after
11 after 12 indexation
13 to 15 measures
14 common 15 measures
15 measures 16 of
16 of 18 size
17 body 18 size
18 size 22 =
19 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.001
22 = 24 )

women had greater ef [(] 73 ± 6 versus 71 ± 6 % [;] p = 0.0002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 women 2 had
2 had 7 ±
2 had 11 ±
3 greater 7 ±
4 ef 6 73
4 ef 7 ±
7 ± 8 6
7 ± 9 versus
9 versus 10 71
11 ± 13 %
12 6 13 %
13 % 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 17 0.0002
16 = 18 )

lv [volumes] decreased with greater age in both sexes , even after indexation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 lv 3 decreased
3 decreased 4 with
3 decreased 7 in
4 with 6 age
5 greater 6 age
7 in 9 sexes
8 both 9 sexes
10 , 11 even
11 even 12 after
12 after 13 indexation

[indexed] lv [mass] did not vary with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
2 lv 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 vary
6 vary 7 with
7 with 8 age

[lv] ef and concentricity increased with greater age in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
2 ef 3 and
3 and 4 concentricity
3 and 5 increased
5 increased 6 with
5 increased 9 in
6 with 8 age
7 greater 8 age
9 in 11 sexes
10 both 11 sexes

conclusion : we present cmr - derived [lv] reference values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 present
2 : 6 -
3 we 4 present
4 present 5 cmr
6 - 10 values
6 - 11 .
7 derived 9 reference
9 reference 10 values

there are significant age and sex differences in lv volumes , ef , and geometry , [whereas] mass [differs] between sexes but not age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 5 and
3 significant 4 age
4 age 5 and
5 and 7 differences
5 and 8 in
5 and 14 and
5 and 18 mass
6 sex 7 differences
8 in 9 lv
10 volumes 11 ,
11 , 12 ef
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 geometry
14 and 16 ,
14 and 18 mass
18 mass 20 between
20 between 21 sexes
22 but 23 not
22 but 24 age
22 but 25 groups
24 age 25 groups

shp2 is a widely expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase required for signal transduction from multiple cell surface receptors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 shp2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 shp2 2 is
2 is 8 phosphatase
3 a 8 phosphatase
4 widely 5 expressed
5 expressed 6 protein
6 protein 8 phosphatase
7 tyrosine 8 phosphatase
8 phosphatase 9 required
9 required 10 for
10 for 12 transduction
11 signal 12 transduction
12 transduction 13 from
13 from 17 receptors
14 multiple 17 receptors
15 cell 17 receptors
16 surface 17 receptors

gain and loss of function shp2 mutations in humans are known to cause noonan and leopard syndromes , respectively , [that] are characterized by numerous pathological conditions including male infertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 including
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 gain 2 and
2 and 3 loss
2 and 4 of
2 and 8 in
2 and 10 are
4 of 7 mutations
5 function 7 mutations
6 shp2 7 mutations
8 in 9 humans
10 are 11 known
11 known 12 to
11 known 13 cause
12 to 13 cause
13 cause 15 and
14 noonan 15 and
15 and 16 leopard
15 and 17 syndromes
15 and 28 including
17 syndromes 22 are
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 ,
19 respectively 22 are
22 are 23 characterized
23 characterized 24 by
24 by 27 conditions
25 numerous 27 conditions
26 pathological 27 conditions
27 conditions 28 including
28 including 30 infertility
29 male 30 infertility

using conditional gene targeting in the mouse , we found that shp2 is required for maintaining spermatogonial stem cells ( sscs ) and the production of germ cells required for male fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 using 4 targeting
2 conditional 3 gene
3 gene 4 targeting
4 targeting 5 in
4 targeting 15 for
4 targeting 23 and
5 in 7 mouse
6 the 7 mouse
7 mouse 14 required
8 , 14 required
9 we 10 found
10 found 11 that
11 that 12 shp2
11 that 14 required
12 shp2 13 is
13 is 14 required
15 for 16 maintaining
16 maintaining 19 cells
17 spermatogonial 18 stem
18 stem 19 cells
19 cells 21 sscs
20 ( 21 sscs
21 sscs 22 )
23 and 25 production
23 and 26 of
24 the 25 production
26 of 28 cells
27 germ 28 cells
28 cells 29 required
29 required 30 for
30 for 32 fertility
31 male 32 fertility

after deleting shp2 , spermatogenesis [was] halted at the initial step during [which] transit - amplifying undifferentiated spermatogonia [are] produced from sscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 spermatogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 step
1 after 2 deleting
1 after 4 ,
1 after 5 spermatogenesis
2 deleting 3 shp2
5 spermatogenesis 7 halted
5 spermatogenesis 11 step
7 halted 8 at
8 at 10 initial
9 the 10 initial
11 step 12 during
12 during 14 transit
14 transit 16 amplifying
15 - 16 amplifying
16 amplifying 18 spermatogonia
16 amplifying 21 from
16 amplifying 23 .
17 undifferentiated 18 spermatogonia
18 spermatogonia 20 produced
21 from 22 sscs

in the absence of shp2 , [proliferation] of sscs and undifferentiated spermatogonia was inhibited , thus germ cells cannot be replenished and sscs cannot undergo renewal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 spermatogonia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 absence
1 in 6 ,
1 in 12 spermatogonia
2 the 3 absence
3 absence 4 of
4 of 5 shp2
8 of 10 and
8 of 12 spermatogonia
9 sscs 10 and
10 and 11 undifferentiated
12 spermatogonia 13 was
13 was 14 inhibited
14 inhibited 16 thus
15 , 16 thus
16 thus 18 cells
17 germ 18 cells
18 cells 22 and
19 cannot 20 be
19 cannot 22 and
20 be 21 replenished
22 and 25 undergo
23 sscs 24 cannot
24 cannot 25 undergo
25 undergo 26 renewal

however , germ cells beyond the undifferentiated spermatogonia stage of development at the time of shp2 [knockout] were able to complete their maturation to become sperm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 cells
3 germ 4 cells
4 cells 5 beyond
4 cells 18 were
5 beyond 9 stage
6 the 9 stage
7 undifferentiated 9 stage
8 spermatogonia 9 stage
9 stage 10 of
10 of 11 development
11 development 12 at
11 development 15 of
12 at 14 time
13 the 14 time
15 of 16 shp2
18 were 19 able
19 able 20 to
19 able 21 complete
20 to 21 complete
21 complete 23 maturation
21 complete 24 to
22 their 23 maturation
24 to 25 become
25 become 26 sperm

in cultures of sscs and their progeny , inhibition of shp2 activity reduced growth factor - mediated intracellular signaling that regulates ssc [proliferation] and cell fate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 cultures
2 cultures 3 of
2 cultures 5 and
3 of 4 sscs
5 and 7 progeny
5 and 8 ,
5 and 9 inhibition
5 and 13 reduced
5 and 15 factor
6 their 7 progeny
9 inhibition 10 of
9 inhibition 13 reduced
10 of 12 activity
11 shp2 12 activity
13 reduced 14 growth
16 - 19 signaling
17 mediated 19 signaling
18 intracellular 19 signaling
19 signaling 20 that
19 signaling 21 regulates
20 that 21 regulates
21 regulates 24 and
22 ssc 24 and
24 and 26 fate
25 cell 26 fate

inhibition of shp2 also decreased the number of sscs present in culture and caused sscs to detach from supporting cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 inhibition 2 of
1 inhibition 13 and
2 of 3 shp2
4 also 5 decreased
5 decreased 9 sscs
5 decreased 13 and
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 sscs
8 of 9 sscs
9 sscs 10 present
10 present 11 in
11 in 12 culture
13 and 14 caused
14 caused 15 sscs
15 sscs 16 to
15 sscs 17 detach
16 to 17 detach
17 detach 18 from
18 from 19 supporting
19 supporting 20 cells

injection of mice with an shp2 inhibitor blocked the production of germ cells from sscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 injection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 blocked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 injection 2 of
1 injection 8 blocked
2 of 3 mice
3 mice 4 with
4 with 7 inhibitor
5 an 7 inhibitor
6 shp2 7 inhibitor
8 blocked 10 production
9 the 10 production
10 production 11 of
11 of 13 cells
12 germ 13 cells
13 cells 14 from
14 from 15 sscs

together , our studies show that shp2 is essential for sscs to maintain fertility and indicates that the pathogenesis [of] infertility in humans with shp2 mutations is due to compromised ssc functions that block spermatogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 studies
3 our 4 studies
4 studies 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 7 shp2
6 that 15 and
7 shp2 15 and
8 is 9 essential
8 is 15 and
9 essential 10 for
9 essential 12 to
10 for 11 sscs
12 to 13 maintain
13 maintain 14 fertility
15 and 16 indicates
16 indicates 17 that
17 that 19 pathogenesis
17 that 30 compromised
18 the 19 pathogenesis
19 pathogenesis 21 infertility
19 pathogenesis 29 to
19 pathogenesis 30 compromised
21 infertility 22 in
21 infertility 27 is
22 in 23 humans
23 humans 24 with
24 with 26 mutations
25 shp2 26 mutations
27 is 28 due
28 due 29 to
30 compromised 32 functions
31 ssc 32 functions
32 functions 33 that
32 functions 34 block
33 that 34 block
34 block 35 spermatogenesis

[this] study [explores] how moral reasoning is expressed in matching health care with the problems older persons experience in their everyday life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 study 4 how
4 how 5 moral
5 moral 6 reasoning
6 reasoning 7 is
7 is 8 expressed
8 expressed 9 in
9 in 10 matching
10 matching 12 care
10 matching 13 with
11 health 12 care
13 with 15 problems
14 the 15 problems
15 problems 17 persons
15 problems 18 experience
16 older 17 persons
17 persons 18 experience
18 experience 19 in
19 in 22 life
20 their 22 life
21 everyday 22 life

narrative data were collected from older persons who had applied for home modification services and from professionals involved in these services in sweden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 narrative 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 collected
4 collected 5 from
4 collected 15 and
5 from 7 persons
6 older 7 persons
7 persons 8 who
7 persons 9 had
8 who 9 had
9 had 10 applied
11 for 14 services
11 for 15 and
12 home 13 modification
13 modification 14 services
15 and 16 from
16 from 17 professionals
17 professionals 18 involved
18 involved 19 in
18 involved 22 in
19 in 21 services
20 these 21 services
22 in 23 sweden

a theoretical framework , based on theories on the anthropology of morals , was applied to explore [how] the participants made conclusions about " what should be done . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 framework
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 2 theoretical
1 a 3 framework
2 theoretical 3 framework
3 framework 5 based
3 framework 14 was
4 , 5 based
5 based 6 on
5 based 8 on
5 based 13 ,
6 on 7 theories
8 on 10 anthropology
9 the 10 anthropology
10 anthropology 11 of
11 of 12 morals
14 was 15 applied
15 applied 16 to
16 to 17 explore
17 explore 20 participants
17 explore 23 about
19 the 20 participants
20 participants 21 made
21 made 22 conclusions
23 about 24 "
23 about 25 what
25 what 26 should
26 should 27 be
27 be 28 done
29 . 30 "

moral reasoning was found to be guided by ideologies related to the historical and cultural context of the swedish welfare state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moral 4 found
2 reasoning 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 to
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 guided
7 guided 8 by
7 guided 11 to
8 by 9 ideologies
9 ideologies 10 related
11 to 16 context
12 the 16 context
13 historical 14 and
14 and 15 cultural
14 and 16 context
16 context 17 of
17 of 21 state
18 the 21 state
19 swedish 20 welfare
20 welfare 21 state

different interpretations of how these values should be expressed in specific situations led to different conclusions about what should be done . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interpretations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 different 2 interpretations
2 interpretations 3 of
2 interpretations 9 expressed
3 of 4 how
3 of 8 be
4 how 8 be
5 these 6 values
6 values 7 should
7 should 8 be
9 expressed 10 in
9 expressed 14 to
9 expressed 17 about
10 in 12 situations
11 specific 12 situations
12 situations 13 led
14 to 16 conclusions
15 different 16 conclusions
17 about 18 what
18 what 19 should
19 should 20 be
20 be 21 done

the study highlights the importance of understanding how values are enacted rather than what values different social agents have in order to understand how health care services can be designed and provided to support older persons ' everyday life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 31 and
3 highlights 5 importance
3 highlights 31 and
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
5 importance 11 enacted
6 of 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 how
8 how 10 are
9 values 10 are
11 enacted 13 than
11 enacted 22 to
12 rather 13 than
13 than 14 what
14 what 18 agents
14 what 19 have
15 values 18 agents
16 different 17 social
17 social 18 agents
18 agents 19 have
19 have 20 in
20 in 21 order
22 to 23 understand
23 understand 24 how
24 how 27 services
24 how 29 be
25 health 26 care
26 care 27 services
27 services 28 can
28 can 29 be
29 be 30 designed
31 and 32 provided
32 provided 33 to
33 to 39 life
34 support 36 persons
35 older 36 persons
36 persons 37 '
37 ' 39 life
38 everyday 39 life

background : the euroqol - 5 [d] ( eq - 5 d ) is a brief , multi - attribute , preference - based health status measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 euroqol
2 : 14 is
2 : 21 ,
3 the 4 euroqol
4 euroqol 6 5
4 euroqol 14 is
5 - 6 5
6 5 9 eq
6 5 12 d
6 5 13 )
8 ( 9 eq
9 eq 10 -
10 - 12 d
11 5 12 d
12 d 13 )
14 is 20 attribute
15 a 20 attribute
16 brief 17 ,
16 brief 20 attribute
18 multi 19 -
18 multi 20 attribute
21 , 22 preference
21 , 23 -
23 - 27 measurement
24 based 27 measurement
25 health 26 status
26 status 27 measurement

the objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of eq - 5 d in older adults [with] and without dementia in mexico city . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 and
9 the 10 validity
10 validity 11 and
11 and 12 reliability
11 and 13 of
13 of 14 eq
15 - 17 d
16 5 17 d
17 d 22 and
18 in 20 adults
18 in 22 and
19 older 20 adults
22 and 23 without
23 without 24 dementia
24 dementia 25 in
25 in 27 city
26 mexico 27 city

methods : the study on aging and dementia in mexico ( sadem ) was a survey of 3101 , mexican adults ( 60 + years old ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 14 was
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 on
4 study 9 in
4 study 14 was
5 on 7 and
6 aging 7 and
7 and 8 dementia
9 in 10 mexico
10 mexico 12 sadem
11 ( 12 sadem
12 sadem 13 )
14 was 16 survey
15 a 16 survey
16 survey 17 of
16 survey 21 adults
17 of 18 3101
19 , 21 adults
20 mexican 21 adults
21 adults 23 60
21 adults 27 )
22 ( 23 60
23 60 26 old
23 60 27 )
24 + 25 years
25 years 26 old

an in [-] home face - to [-] face [interview] was [administered] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 an 2 in
2 in 5 face
4 home 5 face
6 - 7 to
6 - 11 was
6 - 13 .
7 to 9 face
7 to 11 was

eq - 5 d using ranking to rate states on a 100 [-] point visual analogue scale ; daily living activities ( adl ) , instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) , mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , short form of the quality of life [survey] ( sf - 36 ) , and charlson comorbility index were used for comparison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eq
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
2 - 5 using
2 - 18 ;
3 5 4 d
4 d 5 using
5 using 6 ranking
6 ranking 7 to
6 ranking 9 states
6 ranking 10 on
7 to 8 rate
10 on 17 scale
11 a 17 scale
12 100 17 scale
14 point 17 scale
15 visual 17 scale
16 analogue 17 scale
18 ; 57 and
18 ; 62 used
19 daily 20 living
20 living 21 activities
21 activities 23 adl
22 ( 23 adl
23 adl 24 )
23 adl 25 ,
25 , 44 form
25 , 57 and
26 instrumental 27 activities
27 activities 28 of
27 activities 43 short
28 of 32 iadl
29 daily 30 living
30 living 32 iadl
31 ( 32 iadl
32 iadl 33 )
32 iadl 38 examination
34 , 38 examination
35 mini 36 mental
36 mental 37 state
37 state 38 examination
38 examination 40 mmse
38 examination 42 ,
39 ( 40 mmse
40 mmse 41 )
43 short 44 form
44 form 45 of
45 of 47 quality
46 the 47 quality
47 quality 48 of
47 quality 52 sf
48 of 49 life
51 ( 52 sf
52 sf 54 36
52 sf 56 ,
53 - 54 36
54 36 55 )
57 and 60 index
57 and 61 were
58 charlson 60 index
59 comorbility 60 index
61 were 62 used
62 used 63 for
63 for 64 comparison

the validity and reliability of eq - 5 d were tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 the 2 validity
2 validity 3 and
3 and 4 reliability
3 and 5 of
5 of 6 eq
7 - 9 d
7 - 11 tested
7 - 12 .
8 5 9 d
9 d 10 were
10 were 11 tested

we identified states of health for direct valuation ; state 11111 ( " no problems " ) had to be included because it was essential to the reseating [(] onto [a] 0 - 1 scale ) of the visual analogue scale data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 3 states
3 states 4 of
4 of 5 health
5 health 6 for
6 for 8 valuation
7 direct 8 valuation
9 ; 10 state
10 state 11 11111
10 state 15 problems
10 state 18 had
12 ( 13 "
12 ( 15 problems
14 no 15 problems
15 problems 16 "
15 problems 17 )
18 had 19 to
18 had 21 included
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 included
21 included 22 because
22 because 23 it
22 because 24 was
23 it 24 was
24 was 25 essential
25 essential 26 to
26 to 28 reseating
27 the 28 reseating
28 reseating 30 onto
28 reseating 37 of
30 onto 32 0
32 0 35 scale
33 - 35 scale
34 1 35 scale
35 scale 36 )
37 of 42 data
38 the 42 data
39 visual 40 analogue
40 analogue 41 scale
41 scale 42 data

we included all plausible combinations of levels across each of the five eq - 5 d dimensions and evaluated any significant interaction effects and factorial designs , based on balanced complete blocks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 27 ,
2 included 24 and
2 included 27 ,
3 all 5 combinations
4 plausible 5 combinations
5 combinations 6 of
5 combinations 24 and
6 of 18 and
7 levels 8 across
7 levels 17 dimensions
7 levels 18 and
9 each 10 of
9 each 17 dimensions
10 of 17 dimensions
11 the 12 five
12 five 17 dimensions
13 eq 17 dimensions
14 - 15 5
15 5 16 d
16 d 17 dimensions
18 and 19 evaluated
19 evaluated 23 effects
20 any 23 effects
21 significant 23 effects
22 interaction 23 effects
24 and 26 designs
25 factorial 26 designs
27 , 28 based
27 , 29 on
29 on 32 blocks
30 balanced 32 blocks
31 complete 32 blocks

results : the eq - 5 d [was] applied to 3101 older people , of [whom] 109 ( 3.4 % ) had dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 eq
3 the 4 eq
5 - 13 people
5 - 22 had
5 - 24 .
6 5 7 d
6 5 10 to
7 d 9 applied
10 to 11 3101
10 to 12 older
12 older 13 people
13 people 15 of
13 people 22 had
14 , 15 of
15 of 17 109
15 of 21 )
17 109 20 %
18 ( 20 %
19 3.4 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 had 23 dementia

the general reliability of [eq] - 5 d for cases was 0.80 [and] for controls 0.76 , for each dimension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reliability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
1 the 3 reliability
2 general 3 reliability
3 reliability 4 of
3 reliability 11 was
4 of 8 d
6 - 7 5
7 5 8 d
8 d 9 for
9 for 10 cases
11 was 12 0.80
12 0.80 14 for
14 for 15 controls
15 controls 16 0.76
15 controls 18 for
17 , 18 for
18 for 20 dimension
18 for 21 .
19 each 20 dimension

we had a total of 103 combinations for controls [and] 45 for cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 had
2 had 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 combinations
6 103 7 combinations
7 combinations 8 for
8 for 9 controls
9 controls 11 45
9 controls 12 for
12 for 13 cases

the percentage for the state of health " no problems " ( 11111 ) for controls was 30.4 % , and had the highest percentage of cases ( 8.8 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 percentage
2 percentage 3 for
2 percentage 21 and
3 for 5 state
4 the 5 state
5 state 6 of
5 state 15 for
6 of 10 problems
7 health 8 "
7 health 10 problems
9 no 10 problems
10 problems 11 "
10 problems 13 11111
12 ( 13 11111
13 11111 14 )
15 for 16 controls
17 was 19 %
17 was 21 and
18 30.4 19 %
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 had
22 had 25 percentage
23 the 24 highest
23 the 25 percentage
25 percentage 26 of
26 of 27 cases
27 cases 30 %
28 ( 30 %
29 8.8 30 %
30 % 31 )

conclusion : the resulting valuations form the basis for clinical use and facilitate the interpretation and evaluation of health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 5 valuations
2 : 12 and
3 the 5 valuations
4 resulting 5 valuations
5 valuations 12 and
6 form 8 basis
6 form 12 and
7 the 8 basis
8 basis 9 for
9 for 11 use
10 clinical 11 use
12 and 13 facilitate
12 and 20 care
13 facilitate 16 and
14 the 15 interpretation
15 interpretation 16 and
16 and 17 evaluation
16 and 18 of
18 of 19 health

in this article , i focus on mexican immigrant women [who] , as care workers in various care settings in the wealthy city of santa barbara , california , attempt to defend aging americans patients from devaluation and harm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 i
2 this 3 article
5 i 6 focus
6 focus 7 on
6 focus 13 as
7 on 10 women
8 mexican 10 women
9 immigrant 10 women
12 , 13 as
13 as 15 workers
13 as 29 ,
14 care 15 workers
15 workers 16 in
15 workers 24 of
16 in 19 settings
17 various 18 care
18 care 19 settings
19 settings 20 in
20 in 23 city
21 the 23 city
22 wealthy 23 city
24 of 26 barbara
25 santa 26 barbara
26 barbara 28 california
27 , 28 california
28 california 29 ,
29 , 38 and
30 attempt 31 to
30 attempt 32 defend
30 attempt 38 and
31 to 32 defend
32 defend 35 patients
33 aging 34 americans
34 americans 35 patients
35 patients 36 from
36 from 37 devaluation
38 and 39 harm

to understand why vulnerable women defend more privileged citizens of the nation , i address mexicana subjectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 to 2 understand
2 understand 3 why
3 why 5 women
3 why 6 defend
4 vulnerable 5 women
5 women 6 defend
6 defend 9 citizens
7 more 8 privileged
8 privileged 9 citizens
9 citizens 10 of
10 of 12 nation
11 the 12 nation
13 , 14 i
13 , 15 address
14 i 15 address
15 address 17 subjectivity
16 mexicana 17 subjectivity

i argue that neoliberal policies have created multiple vulnerabilities for mexican women and it is in formal care contexts where these vulnerabilities intertwine with that of their patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 i 2 argue
2 argue 3 that
2 argue 15 is
3 that 5 policies
3 that 7 created
3 that 15 is
4 neoliberal 5 policies
5 policies 6 have
6 have 7 created
7 created 9 vulnerabilities
8 multiple 9 vulnerabilities
9 vulnerabilities 10 for
10 for 13 and
11 mexican 12 women
12 women 13 and
13 and 14 it
15 is 16 in
16 in 19 contexts
17 formal 18 care
18 care 19 contexts
19 contexts 20 where
19 contexts 26 of
20 where 22 vulnerabilities
20 where 23 intertwine
21 these 22 vulnerabilities
22 vulnerabilities 23 intertwine
23 intertwine 24 with
24 with 25 that
26 of 28 patients
27 their 28 patients

workers ' feelings of shame , complicity , and empathy help explain a defense of the other . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 feelings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 workers 2 '
2 ' 3 feelings
3 feelings 4 of
3 feelings 11 help
4 of 9 and
5 shame 6 ,
6 , 7 complicity
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 empathy
11 help 12 explain
12 explain 14 defense
13 a 14 defense
14 defense 15 of
15 of 17 other
16 the 17 other

a significant form of defense is informal sector family - based care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 form
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 form
2 significant 3 form
3 form 4 of
3 form 6 is
4 of 5 defense
6 is 9 family
7 informal 8 sector
8 sector 9 family
10 - 12 care
11 based 12 care

this article is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2009 and 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 4 based
4 based 5 on
5 on 7 fieldwork
6 ethnographic 7 fieldwork
7 fieldwork 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 between
9 between 11 and
10 2009 11 and
11 and 12 2011

introduction : motor unit number estimates ( munes ) provide important information in health , aging , and disease , and can be determined using decomposition - enhanced spike - triggered averaging ( de - sta ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 6 estimates
2 : 10 provide
2 : 18 and
2 : 27 -
3 motor 5 number
4 unit 5 number
5 number 6 estimates
6 estimates 8 munes
6 estimates 10 provide
7 ( 8 munes
8 munes 9 )
10 provide 12 information
10 provide 16 aging
11 important 12 information
12 information 13 in
13 in 14 health
15 , 16 aging
16 aging 17 ,
18 and 21 and
18 and 24 determined
19 disease 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 can
21 and 23 be
23 be 24 determined
24 determined 25 using
25 using 26 decomposition
27 - 29 spike
27 - 30 -
28 enhanced 29 spike
30 - 32 averaging
31 triggered 32 averaging
32 averaging 34 de
32 averaging 36 sta
33 ( 34 de
34 de 35 -
35 - 36 sta
36 sta 37 )

discrimination of surface [-] detected motor unit potentials ( s - mups ) has been limited to contractile forces of ∽30 % maximum voluntary contraction ( mvc ) , which is insufficient to recruit a representative sample of the entire mu pool in most muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discrimination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 limited
1 discrimination 2 of
1 discrimination 14 has
2 of 8 potentials
3 surface 5 detected
5 detected 6 motor
6 motor 8 potentials
7 unit 8 potentials
8 potentials 11 -
9 ( 11 -
10 s 11 -
11 - 12 mups
11 - 13 )
14 has 15 been
15 been 16 limited
16 limited 17 to
17 to 19 forces
18 contractile 19 forces
19 forces 20 of
20 of 25 contraction
21 ∽30 23 maximum
22 % 23 maximum
23 maximum 25 contraction
24 voluntary 25 contraction
25 contraction 27 mvc
25 contraction 30 which
26 ( 27 mvc
27 mvc 28 )
29 , 30 which
30 which 31 is
30 which 46 .
31 is 32 insufficient
32 insufficient 33 to
32 insufficient 43 in
33 to 34 recruit
34 recruit 37 sample
35 a 37 sample
36 representative 37 sample
37 sample 38 of
38 of 42 pool
39 the 42 pool
40 entire 42 pool
41 mu 42 pool
43 in 45 muscles
44 most 45 muscles

unique features of the anconeus may permit munes at high muscle activation levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 permit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 unique 2 features
2 features 3 of
2 features 6 may
3 of 5 anconeus
4 the 5 anconeus
6 may 7 permit
7 permit 8 munes
7 permit 9 at
9 at 13 levels
10 high 11 muscle
11 muscle 13 levels
12 activation 13 levels

methods : in 10 men ( 25 ± 3 years ) , anconeus munes were performed using de - sta at 10 % , 30 % , and 50 % root - mean - square [of] mvc ( rms ( mvc ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 14 munes
2 : 16 performed
2 : 32 -
3 in 5 men
3 in 12 ,
3 in 14 munes
4 10 5 men
5 men 10 years
6 ( 10 years
7 25 8 ±
8 ± 10 years
9 3 10 years
10 years 11 )
13 anconeus 14 munes
14 munes 15 were
15 were 16 performed
16 performed 17 using
17 using 28 and
18 de 20 sta
19 - 20 sta
20 sta 21 at
20 sta 28 and
21 at 23 %
22 10 23 %
23 % 26 %
24 , 26 %
25 30 26 %
26 % 27 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 31 root
29 50 30 %
30 % 31 root
32 - 35 square
33 mean 34 -
33 mean 35 square
35 square 37 mvc
37 mvc 39 rms
38 ( 39 rms
39 rms 41 mvc
39 rms 43 )
40 ( 41 mvc
41 mvc 42 )

conclusions : elbow extensor force - emg relationships suggest full [recruitment] of the anconeus mu pool at 50 % rms ( mvc ) , thus providing a representative sample for mune . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 force
3 elbow 5 force
4 extensor 5 force
5 force 7 emg
6 - 7 emg
7 emg 8 relationships
7 emg 9 suggest
7 emg 10 full
7 emg 32 .
8 relationships 9 suggest
10 full 12 of
12 of 16 pool
13 the 16 pool
14 anconeus 16 pool
15 mu 16 pool
16 pool 17 at
17 at 20 rms
18 50 20 rms
19 % 20 rms
20 rms 22 mvc
20 rms 26 providing
21 ( 22 mvc
22 mvc 23 )
24 , 26 providing
25 thus 26 providing
26 providing 29 sample
26 providing 30 for
26 providing 32 .
27 a 28 representative
27 a 29 sample
28 representative 29 sample
30 for 31 mune

none background : new chemotherapy drugs should be investigated to improve survival of patients with advanced bladder cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 10 to
1 none 11 improve
2 background 3 :
3 : 5 chemotherapy
4 new 5 chemotherapy
5 chemotherapy 6 drugs
5 chemotherapy 8 be
5 chemotherapy 9 investigated
6 drugs 7 should
7 should 8 be
9 investigated 10 to
11 improve 12 survival
11 improve 15 with
12 survival 13 of
13 of 14 patients
15 with 18 cancer
16 advanced 17 bladder
17 bladder 18 cancer

here , we report the synthesis and evaluation of ag11 , a new flavanone derivative obtained through cyclization of its chalcone precursor cb11 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 7 and
5 the 6 synthesis
6 synthesis 7 and
7 and 8 evaluation
7 and 9 of
9 of 10 ag11
11 , 15 derivative
11 , 16 obtained
12 a 13 new
12 a 15 derivative
13 new 15 derivative
14 flavanone 15 derivative
15 derivative 16 obtained
16 obtained 17 through
16 obtained 23 cb11
17 through 18 cyclization
18 cyclization 19 of
19 of 22 precursor
20 its 22 precursor
21 chalcone 22 precursor

materials and methods : the effect of ag11 on cell viability was evaluated by 3 - [(] 4,5 - dimethylthiazol - 2yl ) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and apoptotic cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 effect
4 : 13 evaluated
4 : 24 -
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
6 effect 12 was
7 of 8 ag11
8 ag11 9 on
9 on 11 viability
10 cell 11 viability
12 was 13 evaluated
13 evaluated 14 by
13 evaluated 19 -
14 by 15 3
16 - 19 -
18 4,5 19 -
19 - 20 dimethylthiazol
19 - 24 -
20 dimethylthiazol 22 2yl
21 - 22 2yl
22 2yl 23 )
24 - 25 2,5
24 - 26 -
24 - 39 .
26 - 29 assay
26 - 30 and
27 diphenyltetrazolium 28 bromide
28 bromide 29 assay
30 and 33 death
30 and 35 analyzed
31 apoptotic 32 cell
32 cell 33 death
33 death 34 was
34 was 35 analyzed
35 analyzed 36 by
36 by 38 cytometry
37 flow 38 cytometry

finally , the effect of ag11 on tubulin polymerization in vitro [and] microtubule distribution across the cells was investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 18 was
5 of 6 ag11
6 ag11 7 on
7 on 14 distribution
8 tubulin 14 distribution
9 polymerization 14 distribution
10 in 11 vitro
11 vitro 13 microtubule
13 microtubule 14 distribution
14 distribution 15 across
15 across 17 cells
16 the 17 cells
18 was 19 investigated

results : ag11 was found to have an ic50 ( half - maximal inhibitory concentration [ )(of 4.6 μm and its inhibitory effect on rt4 cells [proliferation] is associated with a cell - cycle arrest in g2+m phases followed by apoptosis after a 48 h treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
2 : 3 ag11
2 : 5 found
3 ag11 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 7 have
7 have 15 concentration
8 an 15 concentration
9 ic50 11 half
9 ic50 15 concentration
10 ( 11 half
11 half 12 -
13 maximal 15 concentration
14 inhibitory 15 concentration
15 concentration 17 )(of
17 )(of 18 4.6
18 4.6 20 and
18 4.6 29 associated
18 4.6 30 with
19 μm 20 and
20 and 22 inhibitory
20 and 23 effect
20 and 28 is
20 and 29 associated
21 its 22 inhibitory
23 effect 24 on
23 effect 28 is
24 on 26 cells
25 rt4 26 cells
30 with 32 cell
31 a 32 cell
32 cell 35 arrest
33 - 35 arrest
34 cycle 35 arrest
35 arrest 36 in
35 arrest 39 followed
35 arrest 40 by
35 arrest 47 .
36 in 38 phases
37 g2+m 38 phases
40 by 41 apoptosis
41 apoptosis 42 after
42 after 46 treatment
43 a 46 treatment
44 48 45 h
45 h 46 treatment

ag11 prevented polymerization of purified tubulin in a concentration [-] dependent manner in vitro and disrupted mitotic spindle formation in cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ag11
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 ag11 2 prevented
2 prevented 3 polymerization
2 prevented 20 in
3 polymerization 4 of
4 of 15 and
5 purified 6 tubulin
5 purified 7 in
5 purified 14 vitro
5 purified 15 and
7 in 12 manner
8 a 9 concentration
8 a 12 manner
9 concentration 12 manner
11 dependent 12 manner
13 in 14 vitro
15 and 16 disrupted
15 and 19 formation
17 mitotic 18 spindle
18 spindle 19 formation
20 in 21 cells

conclusion : ag11 appears to be an attractive scaffold for further development of a structurally simpler new anti - microtubule [agents] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ag11
2 : 4 appears
2 : 22 .
3 ag11 4 appears
4 appears 5 to
4 appears 6 be
5 to 6 be
6 be 9 scaffold
7 an 8 attractive
7 an 9 scaffold
8 attractive 9 scaffold
9 scaffold 10 for
10 for 12 development
11 further 12 development
12 development 13 of
13 of 20 microtubule
14 a 20 microtubule
15 structurally 16 simpler
16 simpler 20 microtubule
17 new 20 microtubule
18 anti 19 -
18 anti 20 microtubule

physical activity plays an important role in preventing chronic disease in adults and the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 physical 2 activity
2 activity 3 plays
3 plays 6 role
3 plays 7 in
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 role
5 important 6 role
7 in 8 preventing
8 preventing 10 disease
8 preventing 11 in
9 chronic 10 disease
11 in 13 and
12 adults 13 and
13 and 15 elderly
14 the 15 elderly

exercise has beneficial effects on the nervous system , including [at] the neuromuscular junction ( nmj ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 exercise 2 has
2 has 4 effects
2 has 5 on
3 beneficial 4 effects
5 on 8 system
6 the 8 system
7 nervous 8 system
8 system 10 including
9 , 10 including
10 including 14 junction
10 including 17 )
12 the 14 junction
13 neuromuscular 14 junction
14 junction 16 nmj
15 ( 16 nmj
16 nmj 17 )

exercise causes [hypertrophy] of nmjs and improves recovery from peripheral nerve injuries , whereas decreased physical activity causes degenerative changes in nmjs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
1 exercise 2 causes
1 exercise 6 and
2 causes 4 of
4 of 5 nmjs
6 and 7 improves
7 improves 8 recovery
7 improves 14 whereas
8 recovery 9 from
9 from 12 injuries
10 peripheral 11 nerve
11 nerve 12 injuries
13 , 14 whereas
14 whereas 17 activity
14 whereas 18 causes
14 whereas 23 .
15 decreased 17 activity
16 physical 17 activity
17 activity 18 causes
18 causes 20 changes
18 causes 21 in
19 degenerative 20 changes
21 in 22 nmjs

recent studies have begun to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 begun
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 begun
4 begun 5 to
4 begun 6 elucidate
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 8 mechanisms
7 molecular 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 underlying
9 underlying 12 effects
10 the 12 effects
11 beneficial 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 exercise

these mechanisms involve bassoon , neuregulin - 1 , peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α , insulin - like growth factor - 1 , glial cell line - derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin 4 , homer , and nuclear factor of [activated] t cells c1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 involve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 c1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 these 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 involve
3 involve 4 bassoon
4 bassoon 6 neuregulin
5 , 6 neuregulin
6 neuregulin 7 -
7 - 8 1
7 - 9 ,
9 , 11 proliferator
9 , 12 -
10 peroxisome 11 proliferator
12 - 17 1α
12 - 20 -
13 activated 14 receptor
14 receptor 15 gamma
15 gamma 17 1α
16 coactivator 17 1α
17 1α 19 insulin
18 , 19 insulin
19 insulin 20 -
20 - 23 factor
20 - 26 ,
21 like 22 growth
21 like 23 factor
23 factor 25 1
24 - 25 1
26 , 29 line
26 , 30 -
27 glial 28 cell
28 cell 29 line
30 - 33 factor
30 - 34 ,
31 derived 33 factor
32 neurotrophic 33 factor
34 , 40 and
35 neurotrophin 36 4
35 neurotrophin 37 ,
37 , 38 homer
37 , 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 factor
40 and 43 of
40 and 46 cells
40 and 47 c1
41 nuclear 42 factor
43 of 45 t
46 cells 47 c1

for example , nmj denervation and active zone decreases have been observed in aged nmjs , but these age - dependent degenerative changes can be ameliorated by exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nmj
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 4 nmj
4 nmj 6 and
4 nmj 13 in
4 nmj 14 aged
5 denervation 6 and
6 and 9 decreases
6 and 10 have
7 active 8 zone
8 zone 9 decreases
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 observed
12 observed 13 in
14 aged 15 nmjs
16 , 19 age
16 , 20 -
17 but 18 these
17 but 19 age
20 - 23 changes
20 - 26 ameliorated
20 - 29 .
21 dependent 23 changes
22 degenerative 23 changes
23 changes 24 can
24 can 25 be
25 be 26 ameliorated
26 ameliorated 27 by
27 by 28 exercise

in this review we assess the effects of exercise on the maintenance and regeneration of nmjs and highlight recent insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these exercise effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 17 and
5 assess 7 effects
5 assess 10 on
5 assess 17 and
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 9 exercise
10 on 13 and
11 the 12 maintenance
12 maintenance 13 and
13 and 14 regeneration
13 and 15 of
15 of 16 nmjs
17 and 18 highlight
18 highlight 20 insights
18 highlight 21 into
19 recent 20 insights
21 into 24 mechanisms
22 the 24 mechanisms
23 molecular 24 mechanisms
24 mechanisms 25 underlying
25 underlying 28 effects
26 these 28 effects
27 exercise 28 effects

background : progeria is a rare fatal genetic condition characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 progeria
2 : 4 is
2 : 19 .
3 progeria 4 is
4 is 9 condition
5 a 9 condition
6 rare 9 condition
7 fatal 9 condition
8 genetic 9 condition
9 condition 10 characterized
10 characterized 11 by
10 characterized 17 in
11 by 13 appearance
12 an 13 appearance
13 appearance 14 of
14 of 16 aging
15 accelerated 16 aging
17 in 18 children

it has an incidence of 1 in 8 million and results from a mutation of the lmna gene causing nuclear instability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 10 and
2 has 4 incidence
2 has 7 in
2 has 10 and
3 an 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
5 of 6 1
7 in 9 million
8 8 9 million
10 and 11 results
10 and 12 from
12 from 14 mutation
13 a 14 mutation
14 mutation 15 of
15 of 18 gene
16 the 18 gene
17 lmna 18 gene
18 gene 19 causing
19 causing 21 instability
20 nuclear 21 instability

clinical diagnosis is based on recognition of common clinical features and definitive diagnosis is by identifying the mutation in the lmna gene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 clinical 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 is
3 is 4 based
4 based 5 on
5 on 6 recognition
6 recognition 7 of
7 of 10 features
8 common 10 features
9 clinical 10 features
11 and 13 diagnosis
11 and 14 is
12 definitive 13 diagnosis
13 diagnosis 14 is
14 is 15 by
15 by 16 identifying
16 identifying 18 mutation
16 identifying 19 in
17 the 18 mutation
19 in 22 gene
20 the 22 gene
21 lmna 22 gene

affected children usually have a median life span of 13 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 affected 2 children
2 children 4 have
3 usually 4 have
4 have 8 span
5 a 6 median
5 a 8 span
6 median 7 life
7 life 8 span
8 span 9 of
9 of 11 years
10 13 11 years

there is no known cure but research is ongoing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 cure
3 no 5 cure
4 known 5 cure
6 but 7 research
6 but 8 is
7 research 8 is
8 is 9 ongoing

currently about 80 children have had a definitive diagnosis worldwide with the exclusion of nigeria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 currently 4 children
2 about 3 80
3 80 4 children
4 children 5 have
5 have 6 had
6 had 9 diagnosis
7 a 8 definitive
7 a 9 diagnosis
8 definitive 9 diagnosis
9 diagnosis 10 worldwide
10 worldwide 11 with
11 with 13 exclusion
12 the 13 exclusion
13 exclusion 14 of
14 of 15 nigeria

there was however a case report of 3 siblings in the university of benin teaching hospital , benin city , nigeria in 1990 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 3 however
2 was 6 report
4 a 6 report
5 case 6 report
6 report 7 of
6 report 22 in
7 of 9 siblings
8 3 9 siblings
9 siblings 10 in
10 in 21 nigeria
11 the 21 nigeria
12 university 13 of
12 university 21 nigeria
13 of 16 hospital
14 benin 15 teaching
15 teaching 16 hospital
16 hospital 19 city
17 , 19 city
18 benin 19 city
19 city 20 ,
22 in 23 1990

objective : to present a rare case of suspected progeria in nigeria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 present
2 : 13 .
3 to 4 present
4 present 7 case
4 present 11 in
5 a 6 rare
5 a 7 case
6 rare 7 case
7 case 8 of
8 of 10 progeria
9 suspected 10 progeria
11 in 12 nigeria

case report : we report the case of baby iv , a 4 [-] year old girl who presented with clinical and radiologic features consistent with progeria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 case 2 report
3 : 4 we
3 : 5 report
4 we 5 report
5 report 7 case
6 the 7 case
7 case 8 of
8 of 10 iv
9 baby 10 iv
10 iv 17 girl
11 , 17 girl
12 a 17 girl
13 4 15 year
15 year 17 girl
16 old 17 girl
17 girl 18 who
17 girl 19 presented
17 girl 28 .
18 who 19 presented
19 presented 20 with
19 presented 24 features
20 with 22 and
21 clinical 22 and
22 and 23 radiologic
24 features 25 consistent
25 consistent 26 with
26 with 27 progeria

conclusion : clinical and radiologic evidence give a high suspicion of progeria in the index patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 7 give
2 : 17 .
3 clinical 4 and
4 and 6 evidence
4 and 7 give
5 radiologic 6 evidence
7 give 10 suspicion
7 give 13 in
8 a 9 high
8 a 10 suspicion
9 high 10 suspicion
10 suspicion 11 of
11 of 12 progeria
13 in 16 patient
14 the 16 patient
15 index 16 patient

efforts are ongoing to ensure a definitive diagnosis is made ; which will be the first diagnosed case of progeria in nigeria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 efforts 2 are
2 are 3 ongoing
3 ongoing 4 to
4 to 5 ensure
5 ensure 8 diagnosis
5 ensure 10 made
6 a 7 definitive
6 a 8 diagnosis
7 definitive 8 diagnosis
8 diagnosis 9 is
9 is 10 made
11 ; 12 which
11 ; 14 be
12 which 13 will
13 will 14 be
14 be 18 case
15 the 16 first
15 the 18 case
17 diagnosed 18 case
18 case 19 of
19 of 20 progeria
20 progeria 21 in
21 in 22 nigeria

none social engagement has many demonstrated benefits for aging [non] - hispanic whites in the u.s . this study examined data from the u.s . health and retirement study to determine whether these benefits were similar among american indians and alaska natives older than 50 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 none 3 engagement
1 none 8 for
1 none 9 aging
2 social 3 engagement
3 engagement 4 has
4 has 7 benefits
4 has 8 for
5 many 7 benefits
6 demonstrated 7 benefits
9 aging 11 -
11 - 13 whites
12 hispanic 13 whites
13 whites 14 in
14 in 16 u.s
15 the 16 u.s
17 . 19 study
17 . 20 examined
17 . 25 .
17 . 47 .
18 this 19 study
19 study 20 examined
20 examined 21 data
20 examined 22 from
22 from 24 u.s
23 the 24 u.s
25 . 40 and
26 health 27 and
27 and 29 study
27 and 30 to
27 and 31 determine
27 and 40 and
28 retirement 29 study
30 to 31 determine
31 determine 32 whether
31 determine 37 among
32 whether 34 benefits
32 whether 35 were
33 these 34 benefits
34 benefits 35 were
35 were 36 similar
37 among 39 indians
38 american 39 indians
40 and 42 natives
40 and 43 older
41 alaska 42 natives
43 older 44 than
44 than 46 years
45 50 46 years

linear regression techniques were used to examine the associations between level of social engagement , scores for memory and mental status , and self - reported health among 203 american indian and alaska native elders who participated in the health and retirement study and had data available between 1998 and 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 linear 3 techniques
2 regression 3 techniques
3 techniques 15 ,
4 were 5 used
4 were 15 ,
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 examine
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 associations
8 the 9 associations
9 associations 10 between
10 between 11 level
11 level 12 of
12 of 14 engagement
13 social 14 engagement
15 , 16 scores
16 scores 17 for
17 for 23 and
18 memory 19 and
19 and 21 status
19 and 22 ,
19 and 23 and
20 mental 21 status
23 and 24 self
25 - 26 reported
26 reported 35 elders
26 reported 48 between
27 health 28 among
27 health 32 and
28 among 31 indian
29 203 31 indian
30 american 31 indian
32 and 34 native
32 and 35 elders
33 alaska 34 native
35 elders 36 who
35 elders 44 and
36 who 44 and
37 participated 38 in
37 participated 44 and
38 in 41 and
39 the 40 health
40 health 41 and
41 and 43 study
42 retirement 43 study
44 and 45 had
45 had 46 data
46 data 47 available
48 between 50 and
49 1998 50 and
50 and 51 2010

level of social engagement was significantly associated with memory , mental status , and self - reported health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reported
1 level 2 of
1 level 5 was
2 of 4 engagement
3 social 4 engagement
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 14 and
9 memory 10 ,
10 , 12 status
10 , 14 and
11 mental 12 status
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 self
16 - 17 reported
17 reported 18 health
17 reported 19 .

however , only the association of social engagement with mental status and self - reported health remained significant ( p = 0.04 [and] p = 0.05 , respectively ) after adjusting for sociodemographic variables , number of known health conditions , and scores on the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 only
3 only 12 and
4 the 5 association
5 association 6 of
5 association 12 and
6 of 8 engagement
7 social 8 engagement
8 engagement 9 with
9 with 11 status
10 mental 11 status
12 and 13 self
12 and 14 -
12 and 17 remained
14 - 15 reported
15 reported 16 health
15 reported 17 remained
17 remained 18 significant
18 significant 21 =
18 significant 25 =
18 significant 28 respectively
18 significant 30 after
18 significant 44 on
19 ( 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 22 0.04
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.05
25 = 27 ,
27 , 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 )
30 after 31 adjusting
31 adjusting 32 for
32 for 42 and
33 sociodemographic 34 variables
34 variables 35 ,
35 , 36 number
35 , 42 and
36 number 37 of
37 of 40 conditions
38 known 39 health
39 health 40 conditions
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 scores
44 on 51 scale
45 the 51 scale
46 center 47 for
46 center 51 scale
47 for 50 depression
48 epidemiologic 49 studies
49 studies 50 depression

level of social engagement was not associated with patterns of [decline] across time in cognitive or physical health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 level 2 of
1 level 5 was
2 of 4 engagement
3 social 4 engagement
5 was 6 not
5 was 8 with
5 was 14 in
6 not 7 associated
8 with 9 patterns
9 patterns 10 of
10 of 12 across
12 across 13 time
14 in 18 health
15 cognitive 16 or
16 or 17 physical
16 or 18 health

higher levels of social engagement are associated with better physical and cognitive functioning in american indian and alaska native elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 higher 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 6 are
3 of 5 engagement
4 social 5 engagement
6 are 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 14 in
8 with 13 functioning
9 better 13 functioning
10 physical 11 and
11 and 12 cognitive
11 and 13 functioning
14 in 17 and
15 american 16 indian
16 indian 17 and
17 and 20 elders
18 alaska 19 native
19 native 20 elders

future studies should examine whether this association acts through cognitive stimulation , increase in physical activity resulting from social engagement , or access to resources that support physical and cognitive health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 examine
4 examine 5 whether
5 whether 7 association
5 whether 8 acts
6 this 7 association
7 association 8 acts
8 acts 9 through
9 through 11 stimulation
10 cognitive 11 stimulation
12 , 13 increase
13 increase 14 in
13 increase 24 to
14 in 16 activity
15 physical 16 activity
16 activity 17 resulting
17 resulting 18 from
18 from 22 or
19 social 20 engagement
20 engagement 22 or
21 , 22 or
22 or 23 access
24 to 25 resources
25 resources 26 that
25 resources 27 support
26 that 27 support
27 support 31 health
28 physical 29 and
29 and 30 cognitive
29 and 31 health

many alaska native elders attended government - run boarding schools as children , were forbidden to speak their native language , and were forced to abandon their traditional subsistence lifestyle , yet they maintained an optimistic outlook on life and continued to age well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 elders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 attended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 many 2 alaska
2 alaska 3 native
3 native 4 elders
4 elders 5 attended
5 attended 6 government
7 - 13 ,
7 - 31 ,
7 - 43 age
8 run 10 schools
8 run 13 ,
9 boarding 10 schools
10 schools 11 as
11 as 12 children
13 , 22 and
14 were 15 forbidden
14 were 22 and
15 forbidden 16 to
15 forbidden 17 speak
16 to 17 speak
17 speak 20 language
18 their 20 language
19 native 20 language
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 were
23 were 24 forced
24 forced 25 to
24 forced 26 abandon
25 to 26 abandon
26 abandon 30 lifestyle
27 their 30 lifestyle
28 traditional 29 subsistence
29 subsistence 30 lifestyle
31 , 32 yet
31 , 40 and
32 yet 33 they
33 they 40 and
34 maintained 37 outlook
34 maintained 40 and
35 an 36 optimistic
35 an 37 outlook
36 optimistic 37 outlook
37 outlook 38 on
38 on 39 life
40 and 41 continued
40 and 42 to
42 to 43 age
43 age 44 well

the explanatory model interview protocol was adapted to interview a purposive sample of alaska native elders ( n = 26 ) and grounded theory was used to develop a model of successful aging for alaska native elders in bristol bay , alaska . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 protocol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 adapted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
1 the 5 protocol
2 explanatory 3 model
3 model 4 interview
4 interview 5 protocol
5 protocol 6 was
6 was 7 adapted
7 adapted 8 to
8 to 9 interview
9 interview 12 sample
9 interview 19 =
10 a 11 purposive
10 a 12 sample
11 purposive 12 sample
12 sample 13 of
13 of 16 elders
14 alaska 15 native
15 native 16 elders
17 ( 19 =
18 n 19 =
19 = 20 26
19 = 21 )
22 and 24 theory
22 and 26 used
23 grounded 24 theory
24 theory 25 was
25 was 26 used
26 used 27 to
26 used 28 develop
27 to 28 develop
28 develop 30 model
29 a 30 model
30 model 31 of
30 model 42 alaska
31 of 33 aging
32 successful 33 aging
33 aging 34 for
34 for 40 bay
35 alaska 36 native
36 native 37 elders
37 elders 38 in
37 elders 40 bay
38 in 39 bristol
41 , 42 alaska
42 alaska 43 .

the theme of optimism was significant in the findings and was also found in each of the elements of successful aging , which were spirituality , emotional well - being , community engagement , and physical health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 theme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 theme
2 theme 3 of
2 theme 10 and
3 of 4 optimism
5 was 6 significant
5 was 10 and
6 significant 7 in
7 in 9 findings
8 the 9 findings
10 and 11 was
10 and 18 elements
11 was 13 found
12 also 13 found
13 found 14 in
15 each 16 of
15 each 18 elements
16 of 18 elements
17 the 18 elements
18 elements 19 of
18 elements 23 which
18 elements 28 well
19 of 21 aging
20 successful 21 aging
22 , 23 which
23 which 24 were
23 which 26 ,
24 were 25 spirituality
26 , 28 well
27 emotional 28 well
28 well 29 -
29 - 30 being
29 - 31 ,
31 , 35 and
32 community 33 engagement
33 engagement 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 health
36 physical 37 health

these four elements served as the foundation of the model of successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 elements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 served
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 four
2 four 3 elements
3 elements 4 served
4 served 5 as
5 as 7 foundation
6 the 7 foundation
7 foundation 8 of
8 of 10 model
9 the 10 model
10 model 11 of
11 of 13 aging
12 successful 13 aging

the elders believed they were able to age successfully because they continued to be optimistic despite the challenges they faced ( [and] [are] currently facing ) in their communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 elders
2 elders 3 believed
3 believed 4 they
3 believed 5 were
4 they 5 were
5 were 6 able
6 able 7 to
6 able 8 age
7 to 8 age
8 age 9 successfully
8 age 10 because
8 age 13 to
10 because 11 they
10 because 12 continued
11 they 12 continued
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 optimistic
15 optimistic 16 despite
16 despite 18 challenges
17 the 18 challenges
18 challenges 19 they
18 challenges 20 faced
19 they 20 faced
20 faced 25 facing
20 faced 27 in
21 ( 24 currently
21 ( 25 facing
25 facing 26 )
27 in 29 communities
28 their 29 communities

objectives : the purpose of this secondary data analysis is to determine whether depression , cognition , functional status , health , and pain severity are predictors of day - [to] - day pain variability in older adults in long - term care settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
5 of 8 data
6 this 7 secondary
7 secondary 8 data
9 analysis 10 is
10 is 11 to
10 is 12 determine
11 to 12 determine
12 determine 13 whether
12 determine 30 -
13 whether 23 and
13 whether 26 are
14 depression 15 ,
15 , 16 cognition
15 , 17 ,
17 , 19 status
17 , 20 ,
18 functional 19 status
20 , 21 health
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 severity
23 and 26 are
24 pain 25 severity
26 are 27 predictors
27 predictors 28 of
28 of 29 day
32 - 35 variability
33 day 34 pain
34 pain 35 variability
35 variability 36 in
35 variability 39 in
36 in 38 adults
37 older 38 adults
39 in 44 settings
40 long 41 -
40 long 42 term
42 term 43 care
43 care 44 settings

methods : seventy - seven adults aged 68 years and older were included in the multiple linear regression analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 4 -
2 : 19 analyses
3 seventy 4 -
4 - 5 seven
4 - 6 adults
4 - 7 aged
4 - 12 were
6 adults 7 aged
7 aged 10 and
8 68 9 years
9 years 10 and
10 and 11 older
12 were 13 included
13 included 14 in
14 in 16 multiple
15 the 16 multiple
16 multiple 18 regression
16 multiple 19 analyses
17 linear 18 regression
18 regression 19 analyses

pain severity mean and variability were measured over 30 days of daily [self] - reported pain levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reported
1 pain 2 severity
1 pain 12 daily
2 severity 4 and
2 severity 11 of
3 mean 4 and
4 and 5 variability
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 measured
7 measured 8 over
8 over 10 days
9 30 10 days
10 days 11 of
14 - 15 reported
15 reported 17 levels
15 reported 18 .
16 pain 17 levels

the geriatric depression scale ( gds ) , blessed memory - information - concentration test , physical self - maintenance scale ( psms ) , baseline pain severity , mean of daily health , and mean of daily pain severity were used as predictors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 15 test
2 geriatric 3 depression
3 depression 4 scale
4 scale 6 gds
4 scale 10 memory
4 scale 14 concentration
5 ( 6 gds
6 gds 7 )
8 , 10 memory
9 blessed 10 memory
10 memory 12 information
10 memory 13 -
11 - 12 information
12 information 13 -
14 concentration 15 test
16 , 18 self
16 , 19 -
17 physical 18 self
19 - 21 scale
19 - 29 ,
20 maintenance 21 scale
21 scale 23 psms
21 scale 28 severity
22 ( 23 psms
23 psms 24 )
25 , 28 severity
26 baseline 27 pain
27 pain 28 severity
28 severity 29 ,
29 , 35 and
29 , 42 used
30 mean 31 of
30 mean 35 and
31 of 33 health
32 daily 33 health
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 mean
35 and 37 of
35 and 41 were
37 of 40 severity
38 daily 39 pain
39 pain 40 severity
41 were 42 used
42 used 43 as
43 as 44 predictors

pain variability was measured by examining [intra] - individual standard deviations of daily pain scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 pain 2 variability
2 variability 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 by
5 by 6 examining
8 - 11 deviations
9 individual 11 deviations
10 standard 11 deviations
11 deviations 12 of
12 of 15 scores
13 daily 14 pain
14 pain 15 scores

results : results show that global depression and pain severity are predictors of pain variability in that greater baseline depression and pain severity predicted higher pain variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 depression
2 : 8 and
2 : 28 .
3 results 4 show
4 show 7 depression
5 that 6 global
6 global 7 depression
8 and 10 severity
8 and 11 are
9 pain 10 severity
10 severity 11 are
11 are 12 predictors
11 are 17 that
12 predictors 13 of
13 of 15 variability
14 pain 15 variability
16 in 17 that
17 that 21 and
17 that 24 predicted
18 greater 19 baseline
19 baseline 20 depression
20 depression 21 and
21 and 23 severity
21 and 24 predicted
22 pain 23 severity
24 predicted 27 variability
25 higher 26 pain
26 pain 27 variability

daily mean pain and health were also found to be predictors of pain variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 daily 2 mean
2 mean 4 and
2 mean 10 be
3 pain 4 and
4 and 5 health
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 also
6 were 8 found
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 predictors
11 predictors 12 of
12 of 14 variability
13 pain 14 variability

discussion : pain variability is an important characteristic that is not given enough emphasis in current literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 variability
2 : 5 is
2 : 18 .
3 pain 4 variability
4 variability 5 is
5 is 8 characteristic
5 is 15 in
6 an 7 important
6 an 8 characteristic
7 important 8 characteristic
8 characteristic 9 that
8 characteristic 10 is
9 that 10 is
10 is 11 not
10 is 12 given
12 given 14 emphasis
13 enough 14 emphasis
15 in 17 literature
16 current 17 literature

understanding pain variability may give insight into older adults ' experiences with both pain and depression , and may essentially improve quality of care and quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 understanding 3 variability
2 pain 3 variability
3 variability 4 may
4 may 18 and
5 give 6 insight
5 give 12 with
5 give 18 and
6 insight 7 into
7 into 11 experiences
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 '
10 ' 11 experiences
12 with 15 and
13 both 15 and
14 pain 15 and
15 and 16 depression
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 may
18 and 22 quality
19 may 21 improve
20 essentially 21 improve
22 quality 23 of
22 quality 27 of
23 of 25 and
24 care 25 and
25 and 26 quality
27 of 28 life

motor function [in] humans can be characterized with tests of locomotion , strength , balance , and endurance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 humans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 motor 4 humans
2 function 4 humans
4 humans 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 characterized
7 characterized 8 with
8 with 17 and
9 tests 10 of
9 tests 17 and
10 of 11 locomotion
11 locomotion 13 strength
11 locomotion 15 balance
12 , 13 strength
13 strength 14 ,
14 , 15 balance
15 balance 16 ,
17 and 18 endurance

the aim of our project was to establish an analogous test battery to assess motor function [in] mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 project
4 our 5 project
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 establish
7 to 8 establish
8 establish 12 battery
8 establish 13 to
9 an 10 analogous
9 an 12 battery
10 analogous 11 test
11 test 12 battery
13 to 14 assess
14 assess 18 mice
15 motor 18 mice
16 function 18 mice

male c57bl/6 mice were studied at 3 ( n = 87 ) , 20 ( n = 48 ) [and] 26 ( n = 43 ) months of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 c57bl/6
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 male 2 c57bl/6
2 c57bl/6 3 mice
2 c57bl/6 4 were
2 c57bl/6 5 studied
3 mice 4 were
5 studied 6 at
5 studied 27 months
6 at 7 3
7 3 10 =
7 3 14 20
8 ( 10 =
9 n 10 =
10 = 11 87
10 = 12 )
13 , 14 20
14 20 17 =
14 20 24 =
14 20 26 )
15 ( 17 =
16 n 17 =
17 = 18 48
17 = 19 )
21 26 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 43
27 months 28 of
28 of 29 age

tests assessed locomotion , strength , balance/coordination , and endurance capacity in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 tests 2 assessed
2 assessed 3 locomotion
3 locomotion 4 ,
4 , 5 strength
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 balance/coordination
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 capacity
9 and 12 in
10 endurance 11 capacity
12 in 13 mice

motor [function] was reduced in the older groups of mice for the locomotion , strength , and endurance subdomains ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 motor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 motor 3 was
3 was 4 reduced
4 reduced 5 in
5 in 8 groups
6 the 8 groups
7 older 8 groups
8 groups 9 of
8 groups 11 for
9 of 10 mice
11 for 17 and
12 the 13 locomotion
13 locomotion 14 ,
14 , 15 strength
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 subdomains
17 and 22 <
18 endurance 19 subdomains
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.001
22 < 24 )

as indicated [with] a summary [score] , motor function declined by 7.4 % from 3 to 20 months and by 13.5 % from 20 to 26 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 as 2 indicated
1 as 9 function
4 a 5 summary
4 a 9 function
5 summary 7 ,
5 summary 8 motor
8 motor 9 function
9 function 10 declined
10 declined 11 by
11 by 13 %
12 7.4 13 %
13 % 19 and
14 from 18 months
14 from 19 and
15 3 16 to
16 to 17 20
16 to 18 months
19 and 20 by
20 by 22 %
21 13.5 22 %
22 % 23 from
23 from 27 months
24 20 25 to
25 to 26 26
25 to 27 months

based on comparison with previously published data in humans , the magnitude and relative time course of changes were similar in mice and humans in each subdomain except balance/coordination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 4 with
1 based 10 ,
1 based 13 and
2 on 3 comparison
4 with 7 data
5 previously 6 published
6 published 7 data
7 data 8 in
8 in 9 humans
11 the 12 magnitude
12 magnitude 13 and
13 and 16 course
13 and 17 of
13 and 19 were
14 relative 16 course
15 time 16 course
17 of 18 changes
19 were 20 similar
20 similar 21 in
20 similar 25 in
21 in 23 and
22 mice 23 and
23 and 24 humans
25 in 27 subdomain
26 each 27 subdomain
27 subdomain 28 except
28 except 29 balance/coordination

power calculations confirmed that [the] age - associated differences depicted by several of the individual tests and domain summary scores would be sufficient to assess the efficacy of interventions aimed at prevention or treatment of motor dysfunction with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 power
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 power 2 calculations
2 calculations 3 confirmed
2 calculations 4 that
2 calculations 6 age
4 that 6 age
7 - 22 be
8 associated 9 differences
9 differences 10 depicted
9 differences 13 of
9 differences 21 would
10 depicted 11 by
11 by 12 several
13 of 17 and
14 the 16 tests
15 individual 16 tests
16 tests 17 and
17 and 20 scores
18 domain 20 scores
19 summary 20 scores
21 would 22 be
22 be 23 sufficient
23 sufficient 24 to
23 sufficient 25 assess
24 to 25 assess
25 assess 27 efficacy
25 assess 31 at
25 assess 38 with
26 the 27 efficacy
27 efficacy 28 of
28 of 29 interventions
29 interventions 30 aimed
31 at 33 or
32 prevention 33 or
33 or 34 treatment
33 or 35 of
35 of 37 dysfunction
36 motor 37 dysfunction
38 with 39 aging

the current study describes a mouse model that characterizes age - associated changes in clinically relevant domains [of] [motor] function and indicates that the preclinical model can be used to test strategies to attenuate age - associated declines [in] motor function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 describes
4 describes 7 model
5 a 7 model
6 mouse 7 model
7 model 8 that
7 model 9 characterizes
8 that 9 characterizes
9 characterizes 10 age
11 - 13 changes
11 - 21 and
11 - 36 -
11 - 42 .
12 associated 13 changes
13 changes 14 in
13 changes 21 and
14 in 17 domains
15 clinically 16 relevant
16 relevant 17 domains
20 function 21 and
21 and 22 indicates
22 indicates 23 that
23 that 26 model
23 that 29 used
24 the 26 model
25 preclinical 26 model
26 model 27 can
27 can 28 be
28 be 29 used
29 used 30 to
29 used 33 to
29 used 34 attenuate
30 to 32 strategies
31 test 32 strategies
33 to 34 attenuate
34 attenuate 35 age
36 - 41 function
37 associated 38 declines
38 declines 40 motor
40 motor 41 function

changes in satellite cell content play a key role in regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 15 and
2 in 5 content
3 satellite 4 cell
4 cell 5 content
6 play 9 role
6 play 10 in
6 play 15 and
7 a 9 role
8 key 9 role
10 in 11 regulating
11 regulating 14 growth
12 skeletal 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 growth
15 and 16 atrophy

yet , there is little information on changes in satellite cell content from birth to old age in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 information
5 little 6 information
6 information 7 on
6 information 9 in
7 on 8 changes
9 in 12 content
10 satellite 12 content
11 cell 12 content
12 content 13 from
12 content 15 to
13 from 14 birth
15 to 17 age
16 old 17 age
17 age 18 in
18 in 19 humans

the present study defines muscle fiber type [-] specific satellite cell content in human skeletal muscle tissue over the entire lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 defines
4 defines 12 content
4 defines 18 over
5 muscle 12 content
6 fiber 7 type
7 type 12 content
9 specific 10 satellite
10 satellite 12 content
11 cell 12 content
12 content 13 in
13 in 17 tissue
14 human 16 muscle
15 skeletal 16 muscle
16 muscle 17 tissue
18 over 21 lifespan
19 the 21 lifespan
20 entire 21 lifespan

in a subgroup of 51 aged subjects ( 71 ± 6 years ) , [additional] [biopsies] were collected after 12 weeks of supervised resistance - type exercise training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 in 3 subgroup
1 in 14 ,
2 a 3 subgroup
3 subgroup 4 of
4 of 5 51
6 aged 7 subjects
6 aged 14 ,
7 subjects 12 years
8 ( 12 years
9 71 12 years
10 ± 12 years
11 6 12 years
12 years 13 )
14 , 17 were
17 were 18 collected
18 collected 19 after
19 after 21 weeks
20 12 21 weeks
21 weeks 22 of
22 of 24 resistance
23 supervised 24 resistance
25 - 26 type
25 - 29 .
26 type 28 training
27 exercise 28 training

immunohistochemistry was applied to assess skeletal muscle fiber [type] - specific composition , size , and satellite cell content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 immunohistochemistry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 immunohistochemistry 2 was
2 was 3 applied
3 applied 4 to
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 8 fiber
6 skeletal 7 muscle
7 muscle 8 fiber
8 fiber 12 composition
10 - 12 composition
11 specific 12 composition
12 composition 13 ,
13 , 16 and
14 size 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 content
17 satellite 19 content
18 cell 19 content

from birth to adulthood , muscle fiber size increased tremendously with no major changes in muscle fiber satellite cell content , and no differences between type i and [ii] muscle fibers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 from 2 birth
1 from 5 ,
1 from 6 muscle
2 birth 3 to
3 to 4 adulthood
6 muscle 8 size
6 muscle 11 with
6 muscle 15 in
7 fiber 8 size
8 size 9 increased
9 increased 10 tremendously
11 with 14 changes
12 no 14 changes
13 major 14 changes
15 in 22 and
16 muscle 17 fiber
17 fiber 19 cell
18 satellite 19 cell
19 cell 20 content
20 content 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 differences
22 and 25 between
23 no 24 differences
25 between 28 and
26 type 27 i
26 type 28 and
28 and 31 fibers
30 muscle 31 fibers

in contrast to type i muscle fibers , type ii muscle fiber size was substantially smaller with increasing age in adults ( r = −0.56 [;] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 5 i
2 contrast 3 to
2 contrast 4 type
3 to 4 type
5 i 6 muscle
6 muscle 7 fibers
7 fibers 9 type
8 , 9 type
9 type 10 ii
9 type 13 size
9 type 14 was
9 type 16 smaller
9 type 24 =
9 type 30 )
11 muscle 13 size
12 fiber 13 size
13 size 14 was
15 substantially 16 smaller
16 smaller 17 with
16 smaller 20 in
17 with 18 increasing
18 increasing 19 age
20 in 21 adults
22 ( 24 =
23 r 24 =
24 = 25 −0.56
25 −0.56 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001

this was accompanied by an age - related reduction in type [ii] muscle fiber satellite cell content ( r = −0.57 [;] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 accompanied
3 accompanied 4 by
4 by 6 age
5 an 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 reduction
8 related 10 in
8 related 20 =
8 related 27 .
10 in 17 content
11 type 17 content
13 muscle 17 content
14 fiber 17 content
15 satellite 17 content
16 cell 17 content
18 ( 20 =
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 −0.57
21 −0.57 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.001
24 < 26 )

twelve weeks of resistance - type exercise training significantly increased type ii muscle fiber size and satellite cell content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 weeks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 twelve 2 weeks
2 weeks 8 training
2 weeks 10 increased
2 weeks 13 muscle
3 of 4 resistance
3 of 5 -
3 of 8 training
6 type 8 training
7 exercise 8 training
8 training 10 increased
9 significantly 10 increased
10 increased 11 type
11 type 12 ii
13 muscle 16 and
14 fiber 15 size
15 size 16 and
16 and 19 content
17 satellite 19 content
18 cell 19 content

we conclude that type ii muscle fiber atrophy with aging is accompanied by a specific decline in type ii muscle fiber satellite cell content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 4 type
3 that 12 accompanied
4 type 5 ii
4 type 8 atrophy
4 type 11 is
4 type 12 accompanied
6 muscle 8 atrophy
7 fiber 8 atrophy
8 atrophy 9 with
8 atrophy 11 is
9 with 10 aging
12 accompanied 13 by
12 accompanied 17 in
12 accompanied 24 content
13 by 16 decline
14 a 15 specific
14 a 16 decline
15 specific 16 decline
17 in 18 type
18 type 19 ii
20 muscle 24 content
21 fiber 24 content
22 satellite 24 content
23 cell 24 content

resistance [-] type exercise training represents an effective strategy to increase satellite cell content and reverse type ii muscle fiber atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 resistance 3 type
3 type 5 training
4 exercise 5 training
5 training 6 represents
6 represents 9 strategy
6 represents 10 to
7 an 8 effective
7 an 9 strategy
8 effective 9 strategy
10 to 15 and
11 increase 14 content
11 increase 15 and
12 satellite 14 content
13 cell 14 content
15 and 16 reverse
15 and 21 atrophy
16 reverse 17 type
17 type 18 ii
19 muscle 21 atrophy
20 fiber 21 atrophy

mitochondria organize themselves as dynamic populations within a cell , by undergoing continuous cycles of fission and fusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 organize
1 mitochondria 2 organize
2 organize 3 themselves
2 organize 4 as
4 as 6 populations
5 dynamic 6 populations
6 populations 7 within
7 within 9 cell
8 a 9 cell
9 cell 11 by
10 , 11 by
11 by 12 undergoing
11 by 19 .
12 undergoing 14 cycles
13 continuous 14 cycles
14 cycles 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 fission 17 and
17 and 18 fusion

the spatio - temporal distribution and abundance of mitochondria determines the cell ’s energy budget and is thus intimately linked to the cell ’s response to environmental stimuli during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 5 distribution
2 spatio 3 -
2 spatio 5 distribution
4 temporal 5 distribution
6 and 7 abundance
6 and 16 and
7 abundance 8 of
7 abundance 16 and
8 of 9 mitochondria
10 determines 15 budget
10 determines 16 and
11 the 12 cell
12 cell 13 ’s
13 ’s 15 budget
14 energy 15 budget
16 and 17 is
17 is 20 linked
18 thus 20 linked
19 intimately 20 linked
20 linked 21 to
20 linked 26 to
20 linked 29 during
21 to 25 response
22 the 23 cell
23 cell 24 ’s
24 ’s 25 response
26 to 28 stimuli
27 environmental 28 stimuli
29 during 30 aging

the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion can be studied in terms of antagonistic subpopulations that regulate the mitochondrial responses in space and time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 balance
2 dynamic 3 balance
3 balance 4 of
3 balance 7 and
4 of 6 fission
5 mitochondrial 6 fission
7 and 8 fusion
7 and 9 can
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 studied
11 studied 12 in
11 studied 22 in
12 in 13 terms
13 terms 14 of
14 of 16 subpopulations
15 antagonistic 16 subpopulations
16 subpopulations 17 that
16 subpopulations 18 regulate
17 that 18 regulate
18 regulate 21 responses
19 the 21 responses
20 mitochondrial 21 responses
22 in 24 and
23 space 24 and
24 and 25 time

the dynamic nature of these processes motivates mathematical modelling and the simulation of such complex process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 motivates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 nature
2 dynamic 3 nature
3 nature 4 of
3 nature 7 motivates
4 of 6 processes
5 these 6 processes
7 motivates 10 and
8 mathematical 9 modelling
8 mathematical 10 and
10 and 12 simulation
10 and 13 of
11 the 12 simulation
13 of 16 process
14 such 16 process
15 complex 16 process

in several neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases the dynamic balance of fission and fusion is disturbed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 6 diseases
1 in 14 is
2 several 6 diseases
3 neurodegenerative 4 and
4 and 5 metabolic
4 and 6 diseases
7 the 9 balance
8 dynamic 9 balance
9 balance 10 of
9 balance 14 is
10 of 12 and
11 fission 12 and
12 and 13 fusion
14 is 15 disturbed

however , how this [dynamics] plays a role in the progression of diseases is largely unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 how
3 how 4 this
3 how 6 plays
3 how 14 is
4 this 6 plays
6 plays 8 role
6 plays 9 in
7 a 8 role
9 in 11 progression
10 the 11 progression
11 progression 12 of
12 of 13 diseases
14 is 15 largely
14 is 16 unclear

fission and fusion help mitochondria to regulate cellular energy ( atp ) levels , and minimize accumulation of harmful oxidized material called reactive oxygen species which accelerate mutations in mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 fission 2 and
2 and 4 help
2 and 5 mitochondria
2 and 15 and
3 fusion 4 help
5 mitochondria 6 to
5 mitochondria 7 regulate
6 to 7 regulate
7 regulate 9 energy
8 cellular 9 energy
9 energy 11 atp
10 ( 11 atp
11 atp 12 )
13 levels 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 minimize
16 minimize 17 accumulation
16 minimize 29 in
16 minimize 35 during
17 accumulation 18 of
17 accumulation 22 called
18 of 21 material
19 harmful 21 material
20 oxidized 21 material
22 called 25 species
23 reactive 24 oxygen
24 oxygen 25 species
25 species 26 which
25 species 27 accelerate
26 which 27 accelerate
27 accelerate 28 mutations
29 in 31 dna
30 mitochondrial 31 dna
31 dna 33 mtdna
32 ( 33 mtdna
33 mtdna 34 )
35 during 36 aging

we discuss how systems biology approaches can be used to investigate the mechanisms controlling the fission – fusion dynamics under two categories : dissecting the design of its molecular regulatory motifs , and understanding complex mitochondrial responses through their population level interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 –
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 3 how
3 how 4 systems
3 how 9 used
4 systems 5 biology
4 systems 6 approaches
4 systems 7 can
5 biology 6 approaches
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 investigate
10 to 11 investigate
11 investigate 13 mechanisms
12 the 13 mechanisms
13 mechanisms 14 controlling
14 controlling 16 fission
15 the 16 fission
17 – 19 dynamics
17 – 23 :
18 fusion 19 dynamics
19 dynamics 20 under
20 under 22 categories
21 two 22 categories
23 : 37 responses
23 : 41 level
23 : 43 .
24 dissecting 35 complex
25 the 26 design
26 design 27 of
26 design 33 and
27 of 31 motifs
28 its 31 motifs
29 molecular 31 motifs
30 regulatory 31 motifs
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 understanding
33 and 35 complex
35 complex 37 responses
36 mitochondrial 37 responses
37 responses 38 through
37 responses 41 level
38 through 40 population
39 their 40 population
41 level 42 interactions

this will help us to understand how different regulatory mechanisms regulate the atp and mutation ( mtdna ) landscape of mitochondria to a variety of environmental stimuli in order to maintain their function during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 help
1 this 2 will
2 will 3 help
3 help 4 us
3 help 5 to
3 help 6 understand
5 to 6 understand
6 understand 7 how
7 how 10 mechanisms
7 how 11 regulate
8 different 10 mechanisms
9 regulatory 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 regulate
11 regulate 14 and
12 the 14 and
13 atp 14 and
14 and 15 mutation
14 and 19 landscape
16 ( 19 landscape
17 mtdna 18 )
17 mtdna 19 landscape
19 landscape 20 of
19 landscape 25 of
19 landscape 36 .
20 of 21 mitochondria
21 mitochondria 22 to
22 to 24 variety
23 a 24 variety
25 of 27 stimuli
26 environmental 27 stimuli
27 stimuli 28 in
27 stimuli 35 aging
28 in 29 order
29 order 30 to
29 order 34 during
30 to 31 maintain
31 maintain 33 function
31 maintain 34 during
32 their 33 function

objective : to compare the usefulness of brain perfusion spect and [(] 123 )i - metaiodobenzylguanidine ( [(] 123 )i - mibg ) in predicting the conversion of possible dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) to probable dlb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 compare
2 : 40 .
3 to 4 compare
4 compare 11 and
4 compare 24 in
5 the 11 and
6 usefulness 7 of
6 usefulness 11 and
7 of 10 spect
8 brain 9 perfusion
9 perfusion 10 spect
11 and 14 )i
11 and 16 metaiodobenzylguanidine
13 123 14 )i
15 - 16 metaiodobenzylguanidine
16 metaiodobenzylguanidine 20 )i
16 metaiodobenzylguanidine 22 mibg
16 metaiodobenzylguanidine 23 )
17 ( 20 )i
19 123 20 )i
20 )i 21 -
21 - 22 mibg
22 mibg 23 )
24 in 25 predicting
25 predicting 27 conversion
25 predicting 31 with
26 the 27 conversion
27 conversion 28 of
28 of 30 dementia
29 possible 30 dementia
31 with 33 bodies
31 with 37 to
32 lewy 33 bodies
33 bodies 35 dlb
34 ( 35 dlb
35 dlb 36 )
37 to 39 dlb
38 probable 39 dlb

methods : we examined 94 patients with possible dlb based on the consensus criteria for the clinical diagnosis of dlb by n - isopropyl - p - ( 123 )i - iodoamphetamine [(] ( 123 )i - imp ) brain perfusion spect and [(] 123 )i - mibg myocardial scintigraphy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
2 : 3 we
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 5 94
5 94 6 patients
5 94 10 based
5 94 11 on
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 10 based
7 with 9 dlb
8 possible 9 dlb
11 on 18 diagnosis
12 the 18 diagnosis
13 consensus 14 criteria
14 criteria 15 for
14 criteria 18 diagnosis
15 for 17 clinical
16 the 17 clinical
18 diagnosis 19 of
19 of 20 dlb
20 dlb 21 by
20 dlb 25 -
20 dlb 31 -
21 by 22 n
23 - 25 -
24 isopropyl 25 -
25 - 26 p
25 - 27 -
28 ( 31 -
29 123 30 )i
30 )i 31 -
31 - 32 iodoamphetamine
32 iodoamphetamine 43 and
34 ( 43 and
35 123 42 spect
36 )i 38 imp
36 )i 42 spect
37 - 38 imp
38 imp 39 )
40 brain 42 spect
41 perfusion 42 spect
42 spect 43 and
43 and 46 )i
43 and 50 scintigraphy
43 and 51 .
45 123 46 )i
47 - 50 scintigraphy
48 mibg 50 scintigraphy
49 myocardial 50 scintigraphy
50 scintigraphy 51 .

after 1 year of [follow] - up , 33 of 94 patients met the criteria for probable dlb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 33
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 after 3 year
1 after 8 ,
1 after 9 33
2 1 3 year
3 year 4 of
4 of 7 up
6 - 7 up
9 33 10 of
9 33 13 met
10 of 12 patients
11 94 12 patients
13 met 15 criteria
14 the 15 criteria
15 criteria 16 for
16 for 18 dlb
17 probable 18 dlb

[(] 123 )i - imp brain perfusion spect and [(] 123 )i - mibg myocardial scintigraphy were tested as predictors of the conversion from possible dlb to probable dlb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
2 123 8 spect
3 )i 4 -
3 )i 8 spect
5 imp 6 brain
6 brain 8 spect
7 perfusion 8 spect
8 spect 9 and
9 and 12 )i
11 123 12 )i
13 - 16 scintigraphy
13 - 18 tested
13 - 30 .
14 mibg 16 scintigraphy
15 myocardial 16 scintigraphy
16 scintigraphy 17 were
17 were 18 tested
18 tested 19 as
18 tested 27 to
19 as 20 predictors
20 predictors 21 of
21 of 23 conversion
22 the 23 conversion
23 conversion 24 from
24 from 26 dlb
25 possible 26 dlb
27 to 29 dlb
28 probable 29 dlb

a receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 receiver
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 a 2 receiver
2 receiver 3 operating
2 receiver 9 was
3 operating 8 analysis
4 characteristic 6 roc
4 characteristic 8 analysis
5 ( 6 roc
6 roc 7 )
9 was 10 performed

results : the areas under the roc curves for spect for predicting the conversion to probable dlb from possible dlb based on the occipital/cerebellum and occipital/striatum cortex ratios of blood flow counts were 0.591 and 0.585 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 areas
3 the 4 areas
4 areas 5 under
4 areas 11 for
4 areas 18 from
5 under 8 curves
6 the 8 curves
7 roc 8 curves
8 curves 9 for
9 for 10 spect
11 for 12 predicting
12 predicting 14 conversion
13 the 14 conversion
14 conversion 15 to
15 to 17 dlb
16 probable 17 dlb
18 from 20 dlb
19 possible 20 dlb
20 dlb 21 based
21 based 22 on
22 on 24 occipital/cerebellum
23 the 24 occipital/cerebellum
25 and 28 ratios
25 and 33 were
26 occipital/striatum 28 ratios
27 cortex 28 ratios
28 ratios 29 of
28 ratios 33 were
29 of 32 counts
30 blood 31 flow
31 flow 32 counts
33 were 35 and
33 were 38 respectively
34 0.591 35 and
35 and 36 0.585
37 , 38 respectively
38 respectively 39 .

the areas under the roc curves for [(] 123 )i - mibg based on the early heart to mediastinum ( h/m ) [ratio] , delayed h/m ratio , and washout rate were 0.935 , 0.936 [,] and 0.884 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 areas
2 areas 3 under
2 areas 13 based
2 areas 32 were
3 under 6 curves
4 the 6 curves
5 roc 6 curves
6 curves 7 for
7 for 12 mibg
9 123 12 mibg
10 )i 11 -
10 )i 12 mibg
13 based 14 on
14 on 29 and
15 the 17 heart
16 early 17 heart
17 heart 18 to
17 heart 24 ,
18 to 19 mediastinum
19 mediastinum 21 h/m
20 ( 21 h/m
21 h/m 22 )
24 , 27 ratio
24 , 29 and
25 delayed 27 ratio
26 h/m 27 ratio
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 rate
30 washout 31 rate
32 were 33 0.935
32 were 40 respectively
33 0.935 37 and
34 , 37 and
35 0.936 37 and
37 and 38 0.884
37 and 39 ,

conclusion : [(] 123 )i - mibg myocardial scintigraphy is a good predictor of the future conversion of possible dlb to probable dlb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 )i
4 123 5 )i
6 - 9 scintigraphy
6 - 10 is
6 - 24 .
7 mibg 9 scintigraphy
8 myocardial 9 scintigraphy
9 scintigraphy 10 is
10 is 13 predictor
11 a 12 good
11 a 13 predictor
12 good 13 predictor
13 predictor 14 of
13 predictor 18 of
14 of 17 conversion
15 the 17 conversion
16 future 17 conversion
18 of 20 dlb
19 possible 20 dlb
20 dlb 21 to
21 to 23 dlb
22 probable 23 dlb

objective : to determine whether oral quinacrine increases survival in sporadic creutzfeldt - jakob disease ( scjd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
5 whether 7 quinacrine
5 whether 8 increases
6 oral 7 quinacrine
7 quinacrine 8 increases
8 increases 9 survival
8 increases 10 in
10 in 12 creutzfeldt
11 sporadic 12 creutzfeldt
12 creutzfeldt 15 disease
13 - 15 disease
14 jakob 15 disease
15 disease 17 scjd
15 disease 18 )
16 ( 17 scjd
17 scjd 18 )

methods : this nih/national institute on aging - funded , double - blinded , placebo - controlled , stratified randomization treatment [trial] was conducted at the university of california [,] san francisco from february 2005 through may 2009 ( clinicaltrials.gov , nct00183092 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 institute
2 : 6 on
2 : 9 funded
3 this 5 institute
4 nih/national 5 institute
6 on 7 aging
8 - 9 funded
9 funded 10 ,
10 , 11 double
10 , 14 ,
11 double 13 blinded
12 - 13 blinded
13 blinded 14 ,
14 , 15 placebo
14 , 16 -
16 - 21 treatment
16 - 24 conducted
17 controlled 18 ,
17 controlled 21 treatment
19 stratified 20 randomization
20 randomization 21 treatment
21 treatment 23 was
23 was 24 conducted
24 conducted 25 at
25 at 27 university
26 the 27 university
27 university 28 of
27 university 33 from
27 university 36 through
27 university 40 clinicaltrials.gov
28 of 32 francisco
29 california 31 san
31 san 32 francisco
33 from 34 february
34 february 35 2005
36 through 37 may
37 may 38 2009
39 ( 40 clinicaltrials.gov
40 clinicaltrials.gov 42 nct00183092
40 clinicaltrials.gov 43 )
41 , 42 nct00183092
42 nct00183092 43 )

subjects were randomized ( [50:50] [ )(to quinacrine ( 300 mg daily [ )(or placebo with inpatient evaluations at baseline , and planned for months 2 , 6 , [and] 12 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 subjects 22 and
2 were 3 randomized
2 were 22 and
3 randomized 7 )(to
4 ( 7 )(to
7 )(to 8 quinacrine
7 )(to 21 ,
8 quinacrine 18 evaluations
9 ( 18 evaluations
10 300 11 mg
11 mg 18 evaluations
12 daily 14 )(or
14 )(or 15 placebo
14 )(or 16 with
14 )(or 18 evaluations
16 with 17 inpatient
18 evaluations 19 at
18 evaluations 21 ,
19 at 20 baseline
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 planned
22 and 24 for
24 for 25 months
25 months 26 2
27 , 28 6
27 , 29 ,
29 , 31 12

subjects returning for their month - 2 visit were offered open - label quinacrine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 offered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 subjects 2 returning
1 subjects 9 were
2 returning 3 for
3 for 5 month
4 their 5 month
5 month 7 2
5 month 8 visit
6 - 7 2
7 2 8 visit
9 were 10 offered
10 offered 14 quinacrine
11 open 12 -
11 open 13 label
13 label 14 quinacrine

the primary outcome was survival from randomization to [month] 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 outcome
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 was
4 was 5 survival
5 survival 6 from
6 from 7 randomization
7 randomization 8 to
8 to 10 2

results : of 425 patients referred , 69 subjects enrolled , 54 subjects were randomized to active [drug] or placebo , and 51 subjects with scjd were included in survival analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 5 patients
4 425 5 patients
5 patients 6 referred
6 referred 7 ,
6 referred 10 enrolled
8 69 10 enrolled
9 subjects 10 enrolled
11 , 13 subjects
11 , 15 randomized
11 , 22 and
12 54 13 subjects
13 subjects 14 were
14 were 15 randomized
15 randomized 16 to
16 to 19 or
17 active 19 or
19 or 20 placebo
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 subjects
22 and 28 included
23 51 24 subjects
24 subjects 25 with
24 subjects 27 were
25 with 26 scjd
27 were 28 included
28 included 29 in
29 in 31 analyses
30 survival 31 analyses

survival [for] the randomized portion of the trial ( first 2 months ) showed no significant difference between the 2 groups ( log - rank statistic , p = 0.43 [;] cox proportional relative hazard = 1.43 , quinacrine compared with placebo , 95 % confidence interval = [0.58] , 3.53 ) . 
1 survival 5 portion
3 the 5 portion
4 randomized 5 portion
5 portion 6 of
5 portion 14 showed
6 of 8 trial
7 the 8 trial
8 trial 12 months
9 ( 12 months
10 first 12 months
11 2 12 months
12 months 13 )
14 showed 17 difference
14 showed 21 groups
14 showed 25 rank
15 no 17 difference
16 significant 17 difference
17 difference 18 between
18 between 20 2
19 the 20 2
21 groups 23 log
21 groups 25 rank
22 ( 23 log
23 log 24 -
25 rank 26 statistic
26 statistic 29 =
27 , 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 32 cox
30 0.43 32 cox
32 cox 44 95
33 proportional 34 relative
34 relative 35 hazard
35 hazard 36 =
36 = 37 1.43
37 1.43 39 quinacrine
38 , 39 quinacrine
39 quinacrine 40 compared
39 quinacrine 43 ,
40 compared 41 with
41 with 42 placebo
43 , 44 95
44 95 47 interval
44 95 48 =
44 95 51 3.53
44 95 53 .
45 % 47 interval
46 confidence 47 interval
47 interval 48 =
50 , 51 3.53
51 3.53 52 )

the quinacrine - treated group , however , declined less on 2 of 3 functional scales , the modified rankin and clinical dementia rating , than the placebo group during the first 2 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quinacrine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 quinacrine
3 - 21 and
4 treated 5 group
5 group 9 declined
5 group 17 ,
6 , 7 however
7 however 8 ,
7 however 9 declined
9 declined 10 less
9 declined 11 on
11 on 12 2
12 2 13 of
13 of 16 scales
14 3 16 scales
15 functional 16 scales
17 , 20 rankin
17 , 21 and
18 the 20 rankin
19 modified 20 rankin
21 and 24 rating
21 and 29 group
22 clinical 23 dementia
23 dementia 24 rating
25 , 26 than
25 , 29 group
27 the 29 group
28 placebo 29 group
29 group 30 during
29 group 35 .
30 during 34 months
31 the 32 first
31 the 33 2
33 2 34 months

conclusion : this interventional study provides class i evidence that oral quinacrine at 300 mg per day does not improve 2 - month survival of patients with scjd , compared [with] placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 provides
2 : 29 ,
3 this 4 interventional
4 interventional 5 study
5 study 6 provides
6 provides 9 evidence
7 class 8 i
7 class 9 evidence
9 evidence 10 that
9 evidence 24 survival
10 that 12 quinacrine
10 that 20 improve
11 oral 12 quinacrine
12 quinacrine 13 at
12 quinacrine 16 per
12 quinacrine 18 does
13 at 15 mg
14 300 15 mg
16 per 17 day
18 does 19 not
18 does 20 improve
20 improve 21 2
22 - 24 survival
23 month 24 survival
24 survival 25 of
24 survival 29 ,
25 of 26 patients
26 patients 27 with
27 with 28 scjd
29 , 32 placebo
30 compared 32 placebo

importantly , this study shows that double - blinded , placebo - controlled , randomized treatment trials are possible in prion disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 shows
5 shows 7 double
6 that 7 double
7 double 9 blinded
8 - 9 blinded
9 blinded 10 ,
10 , 11 placebo
10 , 12 -
12 - 17 trials
12 - 18 are
12 - 23 .
13 controlled 14 ,
13 controlled 17 trials
15 randomized 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 trials
17 trials 18 are
18 are 19 possible
19 possible 20 in
20 in 22 disease
21 prion 22 disease

furthermore , the quantitative data collected on the course of scjd will be useful for future trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 data
3 the 5 data
4 quantitative 5 data
5 data 6 collected
5 data 12 will
6 collected 7 on
7 on 9 course
8 the 9 course
9 course 10 of
10 of 11 scjd
12 will 13 be
13 be 14 useful
14 useful 15 for
15 for 17 trials
16 future 17 trials

classification of evidence : this study provides class i evidence that quinacrine does not improve survival for people with scjd when given orally at a dose of 300 mg per day for 2 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 classification 2 of
2 of 3 evidence
4 : 6 study
4 : 7 provides
4 : 35 .
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 provides
7 provides 10 evidence
8 class 9 i
8 class 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 that
11 that 12 quinacrine
11 that 15 improve
12 quinacrine 13 does
13 does 14 not
13 does 15 improve
15 improve 16 survival
15 improve 17 for
15 improve 19 with
15 improve 21 when
15 improve 23 orally
15 improve 24 at
17 for 18 people
19 with 20 scjd
21 when 22 given
24 at 26 dose
25 a 26 dose
26 dose 27 of
26 dose 32 for
27 of 29 mg
28 300 29 mg
29 mg 30 per
30 per 31 day
32 for 34 months
33 2 34 months

aim : to analyze the clinical applications and observe the priority of home monitoring ( hm ) systems for early event detection including clinical cardiac warning events , abnormal device parameters and other events in patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 8 and
3 to 8 and
4 analyze 7 applications
4 analyze 8 and
5 the 7 applications
6 clinical 7 applications
8 and 9 observe
8 and 18 systems
9 observe 11 priority
10 the 11 priority
11 priority 12 of
12 of 14 monitoring
13 home 14 monitoring
14 monitoring 16 hm
15 ( 16 hm
16 hm 17 )
18 systems 19 for
19 for 22 detection
20 early 21 event
21 event 22 detection
22 detection 23 including
23 including 27 events
24 clinical 27 events
25 cardiac 27 events
26 warning 27 events
28 , 32 and
29 abnormal 30 device
30 device 31 parameters
31 parameters 32 and
32 and 34 events
32 and 35 in
33 other 34 events
35 in 36 patients
36 patients 37 with
37 with 40 pacemakers
38 permanent 40 pacemakers
39 cardiac 40 pacemakers

methods : a total of 58 patients who received dual - chamber pacemakers , icds and crt - p/ds were enrolled and monitored using the hm system for 416 ± 398 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 patients
6 58 7 patients
7 patients 8 who
7 patients 9 received
8 who 9 received
9 received 17 crt
10 dual 13 pacemakers
10 dual 17 crt
11 - 13 pacemakers
12 chamber 13 pacemakers
13 pacemakers 14 ,
15 icds 16 and
16 and 17 crt
18 - 19 p/ds
19 p/ds 22 and
19 p/ds 24 using
20 were 21 enrolled
20 were 22 and
22 and 23 monitored
24 using 27 system
24 using 28 for
25 the 27 system
26 hm 27 system
28 for 32 days
29 416 32 days
30 ± 32 days
31 398 32 days

automatic system - transmitted events by hm and related clinical information were recorded and consulted by well - trained physicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 automatic 2 system
3 - 8 and
3 - 18 -
4 transmitted 5 events
4 transmitted 6 by
4 transmitted 8 and
6 by 7 hm
8 and 9 related
9 related 11 information
9 related 16 by
10 clinical 11 information
11 information 14 and
12 were 13 recorded
12 were 14 and
14 and 15 consulted
16 by 17 well
18 - 20 physicians
19 trained 20 physicians

conventional and unconventional follow [-] up initialed by hm results were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 conventional 2 and
2 and 3 unconventional
2 and 4 follow
4 follow 6 up
4 follow 7 initialed
7 initialed 8 by
7 initialed 12 analyzed
8 by 9 hm
9 hm 10 results
9 hm 11 were
10 results 11 were

results : forty patients ( 69 % ) transmitted abnormal events via the hm system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 9 transmitted
2 : 16 .
3 forty 4 patients
4 patients 7 %
4 patients 9 transmitted
5 ( 7 %
6 69 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 transmitted 11 events
9 transmitted 12 via
10 abnormal 11 events
12 via 15 system
13 the 15 system
14 hm 15 system

twenty - one of these were cardiac events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 one
2 - 6 were
2 - 9 .
3 one 4 of
3 one 6 were
4 of 5 these
6 were 8 events
7 cardiac 8 events

atrial fibrillation ( af ) was the most common transmitted clinical event . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fibrillation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 atrial 2 fibrillation
2 fibrillation 4 af
2 fibrillation 6 was
3 ( 4 af
4 af 5 )
6 was 12 event
7 the 12 event
8 most 9 common
9 common 12 event
10 transmitted 12 event
11 clinical 12 event

af was [detected] an average of 44.26 ± 18.33 days earlier in hm patients than on routine clinical visits alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 af
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 af 2 was
2 was 5 average
4 an 5 average
5 average 6 of
6 of 7 44.26
7 44.26 8 ±
8 ± 11 earlier
8 ± 12 in
8 ± 15 than
8 ± 20 alone
9 18.33 10 days
10 days 11 earlier
12 in 14 patients
13 hm 14 patients
15 than 16 on
16 on 19 visits
17 routine 19 visits
18 clinical 19 visits

a total of 20 patients reported 62 events related to abnormal device parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 reported
3 of 5 patients
4 20 5 patients
6 reported 8 events
7 62 8 events
8 events 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 13 parameters
11 abnormal 12 device
12 device 13 parameters

among these events , disabled acc/atm [function] was the most common warning event ( 17 times [ )(transmitted by 14 of the patients , and they [were] detected an average of 67.6 ± 29.0 days ahead of the routine office device follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 acc/atm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 among 3 events
1 among 4 ,
1 among 6 acc/atm
2 these 3 events
5 disabled 6 acc/atm
6 acc/atm 8 was
8 was 13 event
9 the 13 event
10 most 11 common
11 common 13 event
12 warning 13 event
13 event 15 17
14 ( 15 17
15 17 16 times
15 17 18 )(transmitted
15 17 21 of
15 17 24 ,
16 times 18 )(transmitted
18 )(transmitted 19 by
19 by 20 14
21 of 23 patients
22 the 23 patients
24 , 25 and
24 , 42 follow
24 , 43 -
25 and 26 they
25 and 28 detected
26 they 28 detected
28 detected 30 average
29 an 30 average
30 average 31 of
30 average 35 days
30 average 42 follow
31 of 33 ±
32 67.6 33 ±
33 ± 34 29.0
35 days 36 ahead
35 days 37 of
35 days 42 follow
37 of 41 device
38 the 41 device
39 routine 40 office
40 office 41 device
43 - 44 up

a total of seven patients reported silent events and [totally] eight patients were required to make an unscheduled clinical visit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 reported
3 of 5 patients
4 seven 5 patients
6 reported 9 and
6 reported 14 required
7 silent 8 events
8 events 9 and
9 and 12 patients
9 and 13 were
11 eight 12 patients
13 were 14 required
14 required 15 to
14 required 16 make
15 to 16 make
16 make 20 visit
17 an 20 visit
18 unscheduled 20 visit
19 clinical 20 visit

eighteen patients ( 31 % ) transmitted no warning event and accepted no parameter adjustment during observation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 eighteen 2 patients
2 patients 5 %
2 patients 11 and
3 ( 5 %
4 31 5 %
5 % 6 )
7 transmitted 10 event
7 transmitted 11 and
8 no 10 event
9 warning 10 event
11 and 12 accepted
12 accepted 15 adjustment
12 accepted 16 during
13 no 15 adjustment
14 parameter 15 adjustment
16 during 17 observation

conclusions : the hm system is useful in early detection of abnormal warning events as well as the primary detection of silent events in post - pacemaker implantation patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 system
2 : 6 is
2 : 26 -
3 the 5 system
4 hm 5 system
5 system 6 is
6 is 7 useful
7 useful 8 in
7 useful 17 as
7 useful 24 in
8 in 10 detection
9 early 10 detection
10 detection 11 of
11 of 14 events
12 abnormal 14 events
13 warning 14 events
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 20 detection
18 the 20 detection
19 primary 20 detection
20 detection 21 of
21 of 23 events
22 silent 23 events
24 in 25 post
26 - 29 patients
26 - 30 .
27 pacemaker 29 patients
28 implantation 29 patients

additionally , the hm system benefits patients during the whole process [of] device follow - up by real - time monitoring , and reduces medical costs effectively for patients with no abnormal reports or necessity of parameter adjustment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 7 patients
3 the 7 patients
4 hm 7 patients
5 system 7 patients
6 benefits 7 patients
7 patients 8 during
7 patients 23 and
8 during 13 device
9 the 13 device
10 whole 13 device
11 process 13 device
14 follow 16 up
14 follow 23 and
15 - 16 up
16 up 17 by
16 up 22 ,
17 by 21 monitoring
18 real 19 -
18 real 21 monitoring
20 time 21 monitoring
23 and 24 reduces
23 and 30 with
24 reduces 26 costs
24 reduces 27 effectively
24 reduces 28 for
25 medical 26 costs
28 for 29 patients
30 with 34 or
31 no 33 reports
32 abnormal 33 reports
33 reports 34 or
34 or 35 necessity
34 or 36 of
36 of 38 adjustment
37 parameter 38 adjustment

purpose : this longitudinal study examined the major physiological mechanisms that determine the age - related loss of lower extremity muscle power in two distinct groups of older humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 examined
2 : 16 related
3 this 4 longitudinal
4 longitudinal 5 study
5 study 6 examined
6 examined 10 mechanisms
7 the 10 mechanisms
8 major 10 mechanisms
9 physiological 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 that
10 mechanisms 12 determine
11 that 12 determine
12 determine 14 age
13 the 14 age
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 loss
16 related 23 in
17 loss 18 of
18 of 22 power
19 lower 22 power
20 extremity 22 power
21 muscle 22 power
23 in 26 groups
24 two 26 groups
25 distinct 26 groups
26 groups 27 of
27 of 29 humans
28 older 29 humans

we hypothesized that after ~3 years of [follow] - up , mobility - limited older adults ( mean age : 77.2 ± 4 , n = 22 , 12 females ) would have significantly greater reductions in leg extensor muscle power compared to healthy older adults ( 74.1 ± 4 , n = 26 , 12 females ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
2 hypothesized 14 limited
3 that 4 after
3 that 14 limited
4 after 6 years
5 ~3 6 years
6 years 7 of
6 years 12 mobility
7 of 10 up
9 - 10 up
11 , 12 mobility
12 mobility 13 -
14 limited 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 19 age
17 ( 19 age
18 mean 19 age
19 age 20 :
20 : 33 have
21 77.2 22 ±
22 ± 26 =
22 ± 30 females
22 ± 32 would
23 4 26 =
24 , 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 22
28 , 30 females
29 12 30 females
30 females 31 )
32 would 33 have
33 have 36 reductions
33 have 42 compared
34 significantly 35 greater
35 greater 36 reductions
36 reductions 37 in
37 in 41 power
38 leg 39 extensor
39 extensor 40 muscle
40 muscle 41 power
42 compared 43 to
42 compared 53 =
43 to 46 adults
44 healthy 46 adults
45 older 46 adults
46 adults 49 ±
47 ( 49 ±
48 74.1 49 ±
49 ± 50 4
49 ± 51 ,
52 n 53 =
53 = 54 26
54 26 57 females
55 , 57 females
56 12 57 females
57 females 58 )

methods : mid - thigh muscle size and composition were assessed using computed tomography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 11 assessed
2 : 15 .
3 mid 4 -
3 mid 7 size
5 thigh 7 size
6 muscle 7 size
7 size 8 and
8 and 9 composition
8 and 10 were
10 were 11 assessed
11 assessed 12 using
12 using 14 tomography
13 computed 14 tomography

neuromuscular activation was quantified using surface electromyography and vastus lateralis single muscle fibers were studied to evaluate intrinsic muscle contractile properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 neuromuscular 2 activation
2 activation 3 was
3 was 4 quantified
4 quantified 5 using
5 using 7 electromyography
6 surface 7 electromyography
8 and 10 lateralis
8 and 11 single
9 vastus 10 lateralis
10 lateralis 11 single
11 single 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 fibers
12 muscle 17 evaluate
13 fibers 14 were
14 were 15 studied
15 studied 16 to
16 to 17 evaluate
17 evaluate 21 properties
18 intrinsic 19 muscle
19 muscle 21 properties
20 contractile 21 properties

[mobility] - limited elders had significant reductions in muscle size ( - 3.8 % , p < 0.01 ) and strength ( - 5.9 % , p < 0.02 ) , however [,] these parameters were preserved in healthy older [(] [p] ≥ 0.7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 - 4 elders
3 limited 4 elders
4 elders 5 had
5 had 20 and
5 had 28 <
5 had 32 however
6 significant 7 reductions
7 reductions 8 in
7 reductions 20 and
8 in 10 size
9 muscle 10 size
10 size 14 %
10 size 17 <
11 ( 14 %
12 - 13 3.8
13 3.8 14 %
14 % 15 ,
15 , 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.01
17 < 19 )
20 and 21 strength
20 and 25 %
22 ( 25 %
23 - 24 5.9
24 5.9 25 %
25 % 26 ,
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.02
28 < 30 )
31 , 32 however
32 however 35 parameters
32 however 37 preserved
32 however 45 )
34 these 35 parameters
35 parameters 36 were
36 were 37 preserved
37 preserved 38 in
38 in 43 ≥
39 healthy 43 ≥
40 older 43 ≥
43 ≥ 44 0.7

neuromuscular activation declined significantly within healthy [older] , but [not] in mobility - limited participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neuromuscular
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 limited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 neuromuscular 2 activation
1 neuromuscular 5 within
1 neuromuscular 6 healthy
1 neuromuscular 14 limited
2 activation 3 declined
3 declined 4 significantly
3 declined 5 within
6 healthy 9 but
8 , 9 but
9 but 11 in
9 but 13 -
11 in 12 mobility
14 limited 15 participants

within both groups , the cross - sectional areas of type i and iia muscle fibers were preserved while substantial increases in single fiber peak force ( >30 [%] ) , peak power ( >200 [%] ) and unloaded shortening velocity ( >50 [%] ) were elicited at follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 preserved
1 within 3 groups
1 within 7 -
1 within 13 and
2 both 3 groups
3 groups 6 cross
4 , 6 cross
5 the 6 cross
6 cross 7 -
8 sectional 9 areas
9 areas 10 of
9 areas 13 and
10 of 11 type
11 type 12 i
13 and 16 fibers
13 and 17 were
14 iia 16 fibers
15 muscle 16 fibers
17 were 18 preserved
18 preserved 19 while
19 while 38 and
19 while 49 follow
20 substantial 21 increases
21 increases 22 in
21 increases 38 and
22 in 26 force
23 single 24 fiber
24 fiber 26 force
25 peak 26 force
26 force 28 >30
26 force 33 power
27 ( 28 >30
28 >30 30 )
31 , 33 power
32 peak 33 power
33 power 35 >200
33 power 37 )
34 ( 35 >200
35 >200 37 )
38 and 40 shortening
38 and 41 velocity
38 and 48 at
38 and 49 follow
39 unloaded 40 shortening
41 velocity 43 >50
41 velocity 46 were
42 ( 43 >50
43 >50 45 )
46 were 47 elicited
47 elicited 48 at
49 follow 51 up
50 - 51 up
51 up 52 .

conclusion : different physiological mechanisms contribute to the loss of lower extremity muscle power in healthy older [and] mobility - limited older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 mechanisms
2 : 6 contribute
2 : 20 -
2 : 24 .
3 different 5 mechanisms
4 physiological 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 contribute
6 contribute 7 to
6 contribute 15 in
7 to 9 loss
8 the 9 loss
9 loss 10 of
10 of 14 power
11 lower 13 muscle
12 extremity 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 power
15 in 19 mobility
16 healthy 19 mobility
17 older 19 mobility
20 - 23 adults
21 limited 23 adults
22 older 23 adults

neuromuscular changes may be the critical early determinant of muscle power deficits with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 neuromuscular 2 changes
2 changes 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 8 determinant
5 the 8 determinant
6 critical 8 determinant
7 early 8 determinant
8 determinant 9 of
9 of 12 deficits
10 muscle 12 deficits
11 power 12 deficits
12 deficits 13 with
13 with 14 aging

in response to major whole muscle [decrements] , major compensatory mechanisms occur within the contractile properties of surviving single muscle fibers in an attempt to restore overall muscle power and function with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 response
2 response 3 to
3 to 6 muscle
3 to 8 ,
3 to 11 mechanisms
4 major 6 muscle
5 whole 6 muscle
9 major 11 mechanisms
10 compensatory 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 30 and
12 occur 13 within
12 occur 22 in
12 occur 30 and
13 within 16 properties
14 the 16 properties
15 contractile 16 properties
16 properties 17 of
17 of 18 surviving
18 surviving 21 fibers
19 single 20 muscle
20 muscle 21 fibers
22 in 24 attempt
23 an 24 attempt
24 attempt 25 to
24 attempt 26 restore
25 to 26 restore
26 restore 29 power
27 overall 28 muscle
28 muscle 29 power
30 and 31 function
30 and 32 with
32 with 34 age
33 advancing 34 age

this study employed a paired stimulus paradigm to compare phasic changes in heart rate among children ( age categories 6 - 8 , 9 - 10 , [and] 11 - 12 ) [and] adults ( age categories 18 - 19 and 20 - 22 [ )(with attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd [ )(and age - matched controls . 
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 employed
3 employed 7 paradigm
3 employed 8 to
3 employed 9 compare
4 a 7 paradigm
5 paired 6 stimulus
6 stimulus 7 paradigm
8 to 9 compare
9 compare 11 changes
10 phasic 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 15 among
12 in 14 rate
13 heart 14 rate
15 among 16 children
16 children 19 categories
16 children 25 -
17 ( 19 categories
18 age 19 categories
19 categories 20 6
19 categories 22 8
19 categories 23 ,
21 - 22 8
22 8 23 ,
23 , 25 -
24 9 25 -
25 - 26 10
25 - 27 ,
27 , 30 -
29 11 30 -
30 - 31 12
30 - 32 )
30 - 34 adults
34 adults 37 categories
34 adults 43 -
35 ( 37 categories
36 age 37 categories
37 categories 38 18
37 categories 39 -
39 - 43 -
40 19 41 and
41 and 42 20
41 and 43 -
43 - 44 22
44 22 46 )(with
44 22 50 disorder
46 )(with 47 attention
48 - 50 disorder
49 deficit/hyperactivity 50 disorder
50 disorder 54 )(and
50 disorder 59 .
51 ( 54 )(and
52 adhd 54 )(and
54 )(and 55 age
54 )(and 58 controls
54 )(and 59 .
56 - 58 controls
57 matched 58 controls
58 controls 59 .

a sample of 95 participants ( 19 adhd - diagnosed children , 34 controls , 20 adhd - diagnosed adults , and 22 controls ) solved a planning task , the tower of london , through 4 levels of difficulty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 a 2 sample
2 sample 3 of
2 sample 8 adhd
2 sample 10 diagnosed
3 of 5 participants
4 95 5 participants
6 ( 8 adhd
7 19 8 adhd
8 adhd 9 -
10 diagnosed 11 children
12 , 14 controls
12 , 26 solved
13 34 14 controls
14 controls 17 adhd
14 controls 26 solved
15 , 17 adhd
16 20 17 adhd
17 adhd 22 and
17 adhd 25 )
18 - 22 and
19 diagnosed 20 adults
20 adults 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 controls
22 and 25 )
23 22 24 controls
26 solved 29 task
26 solved 36 through
27 a 28 planning
27 a 29 task
28 planning 29 task
29 task 32 tower
30 , 32 tower
31 the 32 tower
32 tower 33 of
32 tower 35 ,
33 of 34 london
36 through 38 levels
37 4 38 levels
38 levels 39 of
39 of 40 difficulty

it was hypothesized that groups with adhd would show greater heart rate acceleration and less final deceleration than would controls , and that these heart rate responses would change with age and difficulty level as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 hypothesized
3 hypothesized 4 that
4 that 5 groups
4 that 29 change
5 groups 6 with
5 groups 8 would
6 with 7 adhd
8 would 9 show
9 show 11 heart
9 show 14 and
9 show 18 than
10 greater 11 heart
12 rate 13 acceleration
13 acceleration 14 and
14 and 17 deceleration
15 less 16 final
16 final 17 deceleration
18 than 19 would
19 would 22 and
20 controls 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 that
22 and 27 responses
22 and 29 change
24 these 27 responses
25 heart 27 responses
26 rate 27 responses
27 responses 28 would
28 would 29 change
29 change 30 with
29 change 36 well
30 with 32 and
30 with 34 level
31 age 32 and
32 and 33 difficulty
35 as 36 well

though heart rate differences were found among age categories and difficulty levels , none were found between participants with adhd and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 though 2 heart
1 though 4 differences
3 rate 4 differences
4 differences 5 were
5 were 6 found
6 found 7 among
7 among 10 and
8 age 9 categories
9 categories 10 and
10 and 12 levels
11 difficulty 12 levels
13 , 14 none
13 , 21 and
14 none 21 and
15 were 16 found
15 were 21 and
16 found 17 between
16 found 19 with
17 between 18 participants
19 with 20 adhd
21 and 22 controls

the lack of adhd differences are not consistent with the behavioral evidence that planning by itself is one of the marked executive function deficits in adhd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 lack
2 lack 3 of
2 lack 17 is
3 of 4 adhd
4 adhd 8 consistent
4 adhd 14 planning
4 adhd 15 by
5 differences 6 are
6 are 7 not
7 not 8 consistent
8 consistent 9 with
9 with 12 evidence
9 with 13 that
10 the 12 evidence
11 behavioral 12 evidence
15 by 16 itself
17 is 18 one
18 one 19 of
18 one 25 in
19 of 24 deficits
20 the 24 deficits
21 marked 23 function
22 executive 23 function
23 function 24 deficits
25 in 26 adhd

because adhd differences were not evident , the effects either were not present or were smaller than that of difficulty level and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 because 3 differences
1 because 4 were
1 because 7 ,
1 because 9 effects
2 adhd 3 differences
3 differences 4 were
4 were 5 not
4 were 6 evident
5 not 6 evident
8 the 9 effects
9 effects 14 or
10 either 11 were
11 were 12 not
11 were 13 present
11 were 14 or
12 not 13 present
14 or 15 were
15 were 16 smaller
16 smaller 17 than
17 than 18 that
17 than 19 of
19 of 22 and
20 difficulty 21 level
21 level 22 and
22 and 23 age

possible explanations for this lack of difference [and] future directions are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explanations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 possible 2 explanations
2 explanations 3 for
2 explanations 11 are
3 for 5 lack
4 this 5 lack
5 lack 6 of
6 of 10 directions
7 difference 10 directions
9 future 10 directions
11 are 12 discussed

ginseng , the root of panax ginseng , has been used in traditional chinese medicine as a tonic herb that provides many beneficial effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ginseng
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 ginseng 4 root
1 ginseng 9 has
2 , 4 root
3 the 4 root
4 root 5 of
4 root 8 ,
5 of 7 ginseng
6 panax 7 ginseng
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 used
11 used 12 in
11 used 16 as
12 in 15 medicine
13 traditional 14 chinese
14 chinese 15 medicine
16 as 19 herb
17 a 19 herb
18 tonic 19 herb
19 herb 20 that
19 herb 21 provides
20 that 21 provides
21 provides 24 effects
22 many 24 effects
23 beneficial 24 effects

pharmacologic studies in the last decades have shown that ginsenosides ( ginseng saponins ) are primarily responsible for the actions of ginseng . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 pharmacologic 2 studies
2 studies 3 in
2 studies 7 have
3 in 6 decades
4 the 6 decades
5 last 6 decades
7 have 8 shown
8 shown 9 that
9 that 10 ginsenosides
9 that 15 are
10 ginsenosides 13 saponins
10 ginsenosides 15 are
11 ( 13 saponins
12 ginseng 13 saponins
13 saponins 14 )
15 are 16 primarily
15 are 17 responsible
17 responsible 18 for
18 for 20 actions
19 the 20 actions
20 actions 21 of
21 of 22 ginseng

however , the effects of ginseng are not fully explained by ginsenosides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 effects
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 7 are
5 of 6 ginseng
7 are 8 not
7 are 10 explained
9 fully 10 explained
10 explained 11 by
11 by 12 ginsenosides

recently , another class of active ingredients called gintonin was identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 class
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 class
3 another 4 class
4 class 5 of
4 class 10 was
5 of 7 ingredients
6 active 7 ingredients
7 ingredients 8 called
8 called 9 gintonin
10 was 11 identified

gintonin is a complex of glycosylated ginseng proteins containing lysophosphatidic acids ( lpas ) that are the intracellular lipid mitogenic mediator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gintonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 gintonin 2 is
2 is 4 complex
3 a 4 complex
4 complex 5 of
5 of 8 proteins
6 glycosylated 8 proteins
7 ginseng 8 proteins
8 proteins 9 containing
8 proteins 15 that
8 proteins 16 are
9 containing 11 acids
10 lysophosphatidic 11 acids
11 acids 13 lpas
12 ( 13 lpas
13 lpas 14 )
15 that 16 are
16 are 21 mediator
17 the 21 mediator
18 intracellular 19 lipid
19 lipid 21 mediator
20 mitogenic 21 mediator

gintonin specifically [and] potently activates the [g] protein - coupled receptors ( gpcrs ) for lpa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gintonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 gintonin 5 activates
2 specifically 5 activates
4 potently 5 activates
5 activates 8 protein
5 activates 15 for
6 the 8 protein
8 protein 11 receptors
9 - 11 receptors
10 coupled 11 receptors
11 receptors 13 gpcrs
11 receptors 14 )
12 ( 13 gpcrs
13 gpcrs 14 )
15 for 16 lpa

thus , the actions of ginseng are now also linked to lpa and its gpcrs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 actions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 actions
3 the 4 actions
4 actions 5 of
4 actions 7 are
5 of 6 ginseng
7 are 8 now
7 are 10 linked
9 also 10 linked
10 linked 11 to
11 to 13 and
12 lpa 13 and
13 and 15 gpcrs
14 its 15 gpcrs

this linkage opens new dimensions for ginseng pharmacology and lpa therapeutics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 linkage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 opens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 linkage
2 linkage 3 opens
3 opens 5 dimensions
4 new 5 dimensions
5 dimensions 6 for
6 for 9 and
7 ginseng 8 pharmacology
8 pharmacology 9 and
9 and 11 therapeutics
10 lpa 11 therapeutics

in the present review , we evaluate the pharmacology of ginseng with the traditional viewpoint of yin and yang components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 4 review
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 review
3 present 4 review
6 we 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 pharmacology
7 evaluate 12 with
8 the 9 pharmacology
9 pharmacology 10 of
10 of 11 ginseng
12 with 15 viewpoint
13 the 15 viewpoint
14 traditional 15 viewpoint
15 viewpoint 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 yin 18 and
18 and 20 components
19 yang 20 components

furthermore , we will compare ginsenoside and gintonin based on the modern view of molecular pharmacology in terms of ion channels and gpcrs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 will
4 will 5 compare
5 compare 7 and
5 compare 10 on
5 compare 17 in
6 ginsenoside 7 and
7 and 8 gintonin
7 and 9 based
10 on 13 view
11 the 13 view
12 modern 13 view
13 view 14 of
14 of 16 pharmacology
15 molecular 16 pharmacology
17 in 18 terms
18 terms 19 of
19 of 22 and
20 ion 21 channels
21 channels 22 and
22 and 23 gpcrs

aim : activation of muscarinic receptors on the detrusor smooth muscle is followed by contraction , which involves both myosin light chain kinase [(] mlck ) and rho kinase ( rock ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 27 and
2 : 33 .
3 activation 4 of
3 activation 7 on
3 activation 13 followed
3 activation 27 and
4 of 6 receptors
5 muscarinic 6 receptors
7 on 9 detrusor
8 the 9 detrusor
9 detrusor 11 muscle
9 detrusor 12 is
10 smooth 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 is
13 followed 14 by
14 by 15 contraction
15 contraction 17 which
16 , 17 which
17 which 18 involves
17 which 26 )
18 involves 25 mlck
19 both 25 mlck
20 myosin 25 mlck
21 light 22 chain
22 chain 25 mlck
23 kinase 25 mlck
27 and 29 kinase
27 and 31 rock
28 rho 29 kinase
30 ( 31 rock
31 rock 32 )

the aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of mlck and rock to carbachol - induced contraction of human detrusor smooth muscle in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 11 contributions
8 determine 19 induced
9 the 11 contributions
10 relative 11 contributions
11 contributions 12 of
11 contributions 19 induced
12 of 14 and
13 mlck 14 and
14 and 15 rock
14 and 18 -
15 rock 16 to
16 to 17 carbachol
19 induced 20 contraction
19 induced 27 vitro
20 contraction 21 of
21 of 25 muscle
22 human 23 detrusor
23 detrusor 25 muscle
24 smooth 25 muscle
26 in 27 vitro

methods : detrusor smooth muscle strips were prepared from the macroscopically unaffected bladder wall of patients underwent cystectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 detrusor
2 : 17 underwent
2 : 19 .
3 detrusor 5 muscle
3 detrusor 8 prepared
3 detrusor 17 underwent
4 smooth 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 strips
5 muscle 7 were
5 muscle 8 prepared
6 strips 7 were
8 prepared 9 from
9 from 14 wall
10 the 14 wall
11 macroscopically 12 unaffected
12 unaffected 13 bladder
13 bladder 14 wall
14 wall 15 of
15 of 16 patients
17 underwent 18 cystectomy

the strips were fixed in an organ bath , and carbachol or kcl - induced isometric contractions were measured by force transducers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strips
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fixed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 the 2 strips
2 strips 3 were
3 were 4 fixed
4 fixed 5 in
5 in 12 or
6 an 7 organ
6 an 8 bath
7 organ 8 bath
8 bath 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 carbachol
10 and 12 or
12 or 13 kcl
14 - 17 contractions
14 - 18 were
14 - 23 .
15 induced 17 contractions
16 isometric 17 contractions
17 contractions 18 were
18 were 19 measured
19 measured 20 by
20 by 22 transducers
21 force 22 transducers

results : addition of carbachol ( 0.4 - 4 μmol/l ) into the bath induced concentration - dependent contractions of detrusor specimens , which was completely abolished by atropine ( 1 μmol/l ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 addition
3 addition 4 of
3 addition 12 into
3 addition 19 contractions
4 of 5 carbachol
5 carbachol 10 μmol/l
6 ( 10 μmol/l
7 0.4 8 -
8 - 9 4
8 - 10 μmol/l
10 μmol/l 11 )
12 into 16 concentration
13 the 16 concentration
14 bath 15 induced
15 induced 16 concentration
17 - 19 contractions
18 dependent 19 contractions
19 contractions 20 of
19 contractions 23 ,
20 of 22 specimens
21 detrusor 22 specimens
23 , 24 which
23 , 27 abolished
24 which 25 was
25 was 26 completely
25 was 27 abolished
27 abolished 28 by
28 by 29 atropine
29 atropine 32 μmol/l
30 ( 32 μmol/l
31 1 32 μmol/l
32 μmol/l 33 )

pre - [incubation] of detrusor specimens with either the mlck inhibitor ml [-] 9 or the rock inhibitors ha1100 and y - 27632 ( each at 10 μmol/l ) significantly blocked carbachol - induced contractions as compared to the time - control experiments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pre
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 20 and
2 - 37 compared
2 - 41 -
4 of 6 specimens
4 of 20 and
5 detrusor 6 specimens
6 specimens 7 with
7 with 8 either
9 the 11 inhibitor
10 mlck 11 inhibitor
11 inhibitor 12 ml
12 ml 14 9
12 ml 15 or
15 or 19 ha1100
15 or 20 and
16 the 18 inhibitors
17 rock 18 inhibitors
18 inhibitors 19 ha1100
20 and 21 y
20 and 23 27632
20 and 34 induced
22 - 23 27632
23 27632 25 each
23 27632 33 -
24 ( 25 each
25 each 26 at
25 each 33 -
26 at 32 carbachol
27 10 32 carbachol
28 μmol/l 29 )
28 μmol/l 32 carbachol
30 significantly 31 blocked
31 blocked 32 carbachol
34 induced 35 contractions
34 induced 36 as
36 as 37 compared
37 compared 38 to
38 to 40 time
39 the 40 time
41 - 42 control
41 - 44 .
42 control 43 experiments

moreover , mlck and rock inhibition were equally effective in reducing carbachol - induced contractions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 and
3 mlck 4 and
4 and 6 inhibition
4 and 7 were
5 rock 6 inhibition
7 were 9 effective
8 equally 9 effective
9 effective 10 in
10 in 11 reducing
11 reducing 12 carbachol
13 - 15 contractions
13 - 16 .
14 induced 15 contractions

the residual carbachol - induced contractions in the presence of both mlck and rock inhibitors were significantly smaller than the contractions obtained when only one enzyme ( either mlck or rock ) was inhibited , suggesting an additive effect of the two kinases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 carbachol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 3 carbachol
2 residual 3 carbachol
4 - 5 induced
4 - 16 were
5 induced 16 were
6 contractions 7 in
6 contractions 10 of
6 contractions 16 were
7 in 9 presence
8 the 9 presence
10 of 15 inhibitors
11 both 15 inhibitors
12 mlck 13 and
13 and 14 rock
14 rock 15 inhibitors
16 were 18 smaller
17 significantly 18 smaller
18 smaller 19 than
19 than 21 contractions
20 the 21 contractions
21 contractions 22 obtained
21 contractions 23 when
21 contractions 36 suggesting
23 when 26 enzyme
23 when 34 inhibited
24 only 25 one
25 one 26 enzyme
26 enzyme 30 or
26 enzyme 33 was
27 ( 30 or
28 either 30 or
29 mlck 30 or
30 or 31 rock
30 or 32 )
33 was 34 inhibited
34 inhibited 35 ,
36 suggesting 39 effect
37 an 39 effect
38 additive 39 effect
39 effect 40 of
40 of 43 kinases
41 the 42 two
42 two 43 kinases

interestingly , rock - mediated carbachol - induced contractions were positively correlated to the age of patients ( r=o.52 , p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 contractions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 9 contractions
3 rock 6 carbachol
3 rock 8 induced
4 - 6 carbachol
5 mediated 6 carbachol
6 carbachol 7 -
8 induced 9 contractions
9 contractions 10 were
10 were 12 correlated
11 positively 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 to
13 to 15 age
14 the 15 age
15 age 16 of
16 of 17 patients
17 patients 19 r=o.52
17 patients 21 p<0.05
18 ( 19 r=o.52
19 r=o.52 20 ,
20 , 21 p<0.05
21 p<0.05 22 )

conclusion : both mlck and rock contribute to carbachol - induced contractions of human detrusor smooth muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 7 contribute
2 : 10 -
3 both 5 and
4 mlck 5 and
5 and 6 rock
5 and 7 contribute
7 contribute 8 to
8 to 9 carbachol
10 - 12 contractions
11 induced 12 contractions
12 contractions 13 of
13 of 17 muscle
14 human 15 detrusor
15 detrusor 17 muscle
16 smooth 17 muscle

rock inhibitors may be a new pharmacological approach to modulate human bladder hyperactivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 rock 2 inhibitors
2 inhibitors 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 8 approach
5 a 6 new
5 a 8 approach
6 new 8 approach
7 pharmacological 8 approach
8 approach 9 to
8 approach 10 modulate
9 to 10 modulate
10 modulate 13 hyperactivity
11 human 12 bladder
12 bladder 13 hyperactivity

elevated intracellular ca2+ levels in the aging brain are widely thought to hyperactivate ca2+ signaling and ca2+ - dependent enzymes , leading to neuronal death through an excitatory mechanism in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ca2+
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 thought
1 elevated 3 ca2+
2 intracellular 3 ca2+
3 ca2+ 4 levels
3 ca2+ 9 are
3 ca2+ 11 thought
4 levels 5 in
4 levels 9 are
5 in 8 brain
6 the 8 brain
7 aging 8 brain
10 widely 11 thought
11 thought 12 to
11 thought 22 leading
12 to 13 hyperactivate
13 hyperactivate 16 and
14 ca2+ 15 signaling
14 ca2+ 16 and
16 and 17 ca2+
16 and 20 enzymes
18 - 20 enzymes
19 dependent 20 enzymes
20 enzymes 21 ,
21 , 22 leading
22 leading 23 to
22 leading 26 through
22 leading 37 .
23 to 25 death
24 neuronal 25 death
26 through 29 mechanism
27 an 28 excitatory
27 an 29 mechanism
28 excitatory 29 mechanism
29 mechanism 30 in
30 in 33 disease
31 alzheimer 32 's
32 's 33 disease
33 disease 35 ad
34 ( 35 ad
35 ad 36 )

this " ca2+ [overload] ["] hypothesis has been questioned by our theoretical analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 questioned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 "
1 this 3 ca2+
3 ca2+ 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 questioned
9 questioned 10 by
10 by 13 analyses
11 our 13 analyses
12 theoretical 13 analyses

to better understand the relationship between the " level " and functionality of ca2+ in aging , in this study we simultaneously measured intracellular ca2+ transients and calpain activity in cultured human fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 3 understand
2 better 3 understand
3 understand 5 relationship
3 understand 6 between
3 understand 15 in
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 11 and
7 the 8 "
7 the 9 level
9 level 10 "
9 level 11 and
11 and 12 functionality
12 functionality 13 of
13 of 14 ca2+
15 in 16 aging
17 , 21 we
17 , 23 measured
18 in 20 study
18 in 21 we
19 this 20 study
21 we 23 measured
22 simultaneously 23 measured
23 measured 27 and
23 measured 30 in
24 intracellular 26 transients
25 ca2+ 26 transients
26 transients 27 and
27 and 29 activity
28 calpain 29 activity
30 in 33 fibroblasts
31 cultured 33 fibroblasts
32 human 33 fibroblasts

we found that ca2+ transitions elicited by bradykinin were indeed overstayed or elevated in levels in old cells but , remarkably , calpain activity was decreased compared to young cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 5 transitions
3 that 12 or
4 ca2+ 5 transitions
5 transitions 6 elicited
5 transitions 12 or
6 elicited 7 by
7 by 8 bradykinin
9 were 11 overstayed
9 were 12 or
10 indeed 11 overstayed
12 or 13 elevated
12 or 14 in
12 or 16 in
14 in 15 levels
16 in 18 cells
17 old 18 cells
19 but 21 remarkably
19 but 23 calpain
19 but 27 compared
20 , 21 remarkably
21 remarkably 22 ,
23 calpain 24 activity
23 calpain 25 was
23 calpain 26 decreased
23 calpain 27 compared
24 activity 25 was
27 compared 28 to
28 to 30 cells
29 young 30 cells

also , treating young cells with the energy inhibitor rotenone or with h2o2 recapitulated the ca2+ [overstay] and calpain inactivation found in old cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 recapitulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 3 treating
3 treating 5 cells
3 treating 11 or
3 treating 14 recapitulated
4 young 5 cells
6 with 10 rotenone
6 with 11 or
7 the 10 rotenone
8 energy 10 rotenone
9 inhibitor 10 rotenone
11 or 12 with
12 with 13 h2o2
14 recapitulated 16 ca2+
15 the 16 ca2+
18 and 20 inactivation
18 and 21 found
19 calpain 20 inactivation
20 inactivation 21 found
21 found 22 in
21 found 24 cells
23 old 24 cells

more importantly , treating old cells with high - energy compounds such as phosphoenol pyruvate or phosphocreatine , which boosted cellular atp content , reduced the ca2+ [overstay] [and] re - activated calpain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 pyruvate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 more 2 importantly
2 importantly 3 ,
2 importantly 6 cells
4 treating 6 cells
5 old 6 cells
6 cells 7 with
6 cells 13 as
6 cells 15 pyruvate
7 with 11 compounds
8 high 9 -
8 high 10 energy
10 energy 11 compounds
12 such 13 as
13 as 14 phosphoenol
16 or 17 phosphocreatine
16 or 25 reduced
17 phosphocreatine 19 which
17 phosphocreatine 25 reduced
18 , 19 which
19 which 23 content
19 which 24 ,
20 boosted 22 atp
21 cellular 22 atp
22 atp 23 content
25 reduced 27 ca2+
26 the 27 ca2+
27 ca2+ 30 re
30 re 31 -
30 re 33 calpain
32 activated 33 calpain

moreover , ca2+ levels and calpain activity were dramatically raised in the dying cells killed by detergent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 raised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 and
3 ca2+ 4 levels
4 levels 5 and
5 and 7 activity
5 and 8 were
6 calpain 7 activity
8 were 10 raised
9 dramatically 10 raised
10 raised 11 in
10 raised 16 by
11 in 14 cells
12 the 14 cells
13 dying 14 cells
14 cells 15 killed
16 by 17 detergent

finally , ca2+ oscillations induced by low dose [of] bradykinin in old cells exhibited lower spike frequency , but higher overall levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 oscillations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 oscillations
3 ca2+ 4 oscillations
4 oscillations 5 induced
4 oscillations 15 lower
5 induced 6 by
6 by 10 bradykinin
7 low 10 bradykinin
8 dose 10 bradykinin
10 bradykinin 11 in
10 bradykinin 14 exhibited
11 in 13 cells
12 old 13 cells
15 lower 22 levels
16 spike 22 levels
17 frequency 19 but
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 higher
19 but 21 overall
21 overall 22 levels

collectively , these results suggest that [(] a [ )(ca2+ overload in old cells [arises] from an inefficient ca2+ handling system [compromised] by age - related energy depletion and oxidative stress [;] [and] [(] [b] [ )(despite elevated levels , the functionality of ca2+ signaling has diminished in old cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 overload
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 results
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 10 )(ca2+
6 that 11 overload
8 a 10 )(ca2+
11 overload 12 in
11 overload 14 cells
11 overload 16 from
12 in 13 old
16 from 21 system
17 an 21 system
18 inefficient 19 ca2+
19 ca2+ 20 handling
20 handling 21 system
21 system 23 by
21 system 29 and
21 system 31 stress
23 by 24 age
24 age 26 related
25 - 26 related
27 energy 28 depletion
28 depletion 29 and
29 and 30 oxidative
29 and 31 stress
31 stress 37 )(despite
37 )(despite 39 levels
38 elevated 39 levels
39 levels 42 functionality
40 , 42 functionality
41 the 42 functionality
42 functionality 43 of
42 functionality 45 signaling
42 functionality 47 diminished
42 functionality 51 .
43 of 44 ca2+
45 signaling 46 has
46 has 47 diminished
47 diminished 48 in
48 in 50 cells
49 old 50 cells

we investigated rapid object categorization and , more specifically , the ability to detect a target object within a natural scene in people with mild alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) using a saccadic choice task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 6 and
2 investigated 13 to
2 investigated 18 within
2 investigated 22 in
3 rapid 4 object
4 object 5 categorization
5 categorization 6 and
6 and 9 specifically
6 and 12 ability
7 , 9 specifically
8 more 9 specifically
9 specifically 10 ,
11 the 12 ability
13 to 14 detect
14 detect 17 object
15 a 17 object
16 target 17 object
18 within 21 scene
19 a 21 scene
20 natural 21 scene
22 in 23 people
23 people 24 with
23 people 32 using
24 with 28 disease
25 mild 26 alzheimer
26 alzheimer 27 's
27 's 28 disease
28 disease 30 ad
29 ( 30 ad
30 ad 31 )
32 using 36 task
33 a 36 task
34 saccadic 36 task
35 choice 36 task

seventeen patients with mild ad and 23 healthy age - matched controls took part in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 seventeen 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 6 and
3 with 5 ad
4 mild 5 ad
6 and 9 age
7 23 9 age
8 healthy 9 age
10 - 12 controls
10 - 14 part
10 - 18 .
11 matched 12 controls
12 controls 14 part
13 took 14 part
14 part 15 in
15 in 17 study
16 the 17 study

a group of 24 young healthy observers [was] included as it has been reported that normal aging affects eye movements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 eye
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 group
2 group 3 of
2 group 7 observers
3 of 7 observers
4 24 7 observers
5 young 6 healthy
6 healthy 7 observers
7 observers 9 included
7 observers 15 that
7 observers 18 affects
7 observers 19 eye
9 included 10 as
10 as 14 reported
11 it 12 has
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 reported
15 that 17 aging
15 that 18 affects
16 normal 17 aging
17 aging 18 affects
19 eye 20 movements

participants were presented with pairs of colored photographs of natural scenes , one containing an animal ( the target ) and one containing various objects ( distracter ) , displayed for 1 s left and right of fixation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 presented
3 presented 4 with
4 with 5 pairs
5 pairs 6 of
6 of 8 photographs
7 colored 8 photographs
8 photographs 9 of
9 of 11 scenes
10 natural 11 scenes
12 , 35 and
13 one 14 containing
13 one 21 and
14 containing 16 animal
15 an 16 animal
16 animal 19 target
17 ( 19 target
18 the 19 target
19 target 20 )
21 and 22 one
21 and 29 ,
21 and 30 displayed
21 and 31 for
21 and 34 left
21 and 35 and
22 one 23 containing
23 containing 25 objects
24 various 25 objects
25 objects 27 distracter
26 ( 27 distracter
27 distracter 28 )
31 for 33 s
32 1 33 s
35 and 36 right
35 and 37 of
37 of 38 fixation

they were asked to saccade to the scene containing an animal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 asked
3 asked 4 to
3 asked 5 saccade
4 to 5 saccade
5 saccade 6 to
6 to 8 scene
7 the 8 scene
8 scene 9 containing
9 containing 11 animal
10 an 11 animal

neither pathology nor age affected temporal ( saccade latencies and durations ) and spatial ( saccade amplitude ) parameters of eye movements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 neither 3 nor
2 pathology 3 nor
3 nor 4 age
3 nor 5 affected
5 affected 19 parameters
6 temporal 13 and
6 temporal 19 parameters
7 ( 13 and
8 saccade 9 latencies
9 latencies 10 and
10 and 11 durations
10 and 12 )
10 and 13 and
13 and 14 spatial
13 and 17 amplitude
13 and 18 )
15 ( 17 amplitude
16 saccade 17 amplitude
17 amplitude 18 )
19 parameters 20 of
20 of 22 movements
21 eye 22 movements

patients with ad were significantly less accurate than age - matched controls , and older participants were less accurate than young observers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 4 were
2 with 3 ad
4 were 5 significantly
4 were 6 less
4 were 7 accurate
7 accurate 8 than
8 than 9 age
10 - 16 participants
10 - 17 were
10 - 23 .
11 matched 12 controls
12 controls 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 older
14 and 16 participants
16 participants 17 were
17 were 19 accurate
18 less 19 accurate
19 accurate 20 than
20 than 22 observers
21 young 22 observers

the results are interpreted in terms of noisier sensory information and increased uncertainty in relation to deficits in the magnocellular pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 11 and
4 interpreted 5 in
4 interpreted 11 and
5 in 6 terms
6 terms 7 of
7 of 10 information
8 noisier 10 information
9 sensory 10 information
11 and 12 increased
12 increased 13 uncertainty
12 increased 16 to
12 increased 18 in
14 in 15 relation
15 relation 16 to
16 to 17 deficits
18 in 21 pathway
19 the 21 pathway
20 magnocellular 21 pathway

the results suggest that , even at a mild stage of the pathology , people exhibit difficulties in selecting relevant objects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 15 people
4 that 16 exhibit
5 , 6 even
6 even 7 at
6 even 14 ,
6 even 15 people
7 at 10 stage
8 a 9 mild
8 a 10 stage
9 mild 10 stage
10 stage 11 of
11 of 13 pathology
12 the 13 pathology
15 people 16 exhibit
16 exhibit 17 difficulties
16 exhibit 18 in
18 in 19 selecting
19 selecting 21 objects
20 relevant 21 objects

cerebral microinfarcts ( cmis ) are a common finding in neuropathological studies of aging and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 microinfarcts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cerebral 2 microinfarcts
2 microinfarcts 4 cmis
2 microinfarcts 6 are
3 ( 4 cmis
4 cmis 5 )
6 are 9 finding
7 a 8 common
7 a 9 finding
8 common 9 finding
9 finding 10 in
10 in 15 and
11 neuropathological 12 studies
12 studies 13 of
12 studies 15 and
13 of 14 aging
15 and 16 dementia

recently , it has become possible to detect cmis in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 it
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 become
5 become 6 possible
6 possible 7 to
6 possible 8 detect
7 to 8 detect
8 detect 9 cmis
8 detect 11 vivo
10 in 11 vivo

we studied [cmi] occurrence in 29 patients with mild cognitive impairment or early alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and 22 [non] - demented individuals [on] 7tesla mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 7tesla
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 studied
2 studied 4 occurrence
4 occurrence 5 in
4 occurrence 18 ad
5 in 7 patients
6 29 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
8 with 12 or
9 mild 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment
11 impairment 12 or
12 or 16 disease
13 early 14 alzheimer
14 alzheimer 15 's
15 's 16 disease
17 ( 18 ad
18 ad 19 )
20 and 21 22
20 and 23 -
21 22 23 -
23 - 25 individuals
24 demented 25 individuals
25 individuals 27 7tesla
27 7tesla 28 mri

[cmi] occurrence in patients ( 55 % ) and controls ( 45 % [ )(was not significantly different . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
2 occurrence 3 in
2 occurrence 9 and
3 in 4 patients
4 patients 7 %
5 ( 7 %
6 55 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 and 10 controls
9 and 18 different
11 ( 18 different
12 45 13 %
13 % 15 )(was
15 )(was 16 not
16 not 17 significantly
17 significantly 18 different
18 different 19 .

in patients , cmi [number] tended to be related [to] microbleed [number] ( p = 0.07 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 patients
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 cmi
4 cmi 6 tended
6 tended 7 to
6 tended 15 =
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 related
9 related 11 microbleed
13 ( 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.07
15 = 17 )

[this] first in vivo study of cmis in early ad does not confirm findings from autopsy studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 first 5 study
3 in 4 vivo
4 vivo 5 study
5 study 6 of
5 study 11 does
6 of 7 cmis
7 cmis 8 in
8 in 10 ad
9 early 10 ad
11 does 12 not
11 does 13 confirm
13 confirm 14 findings
14 findings 15 from
15 from 17 studies
16 autopsy 17 studies

further studies are needed to clarify the role of cmis in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 clarify
6 clarify 8 role
6 clarify 11 in
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 10 cmis
11 in 12 ad

it has been suggested that systemic infection , occurring during aging and chronic neurodegenerative diseases , can evoke an immune response that aggravates the progression of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 8 ,
4 suggested 7 infection
4 suggested 8 ,
5 that 7 infection
6 systemic 7 infection
8 , 18 evoke
9 occurring 10 during
9 occurring 17 can
10 during 12 and
11 aging 12 and
12 and 15 diseases
12 and 16 ,
13 chronic 15 diseases
14 neurodegenerative 15 diseases
17 can 18 evoke
18 evoke 21 response
19 an 20 immune
19 an 21 response
20 immune 21 response
21 response 22 that
21 response 23 aggravates
22 that 23 aggravates
23 aggravates 25 progression
24 the 25 progression
25 progression 26 of
26 of 28 and
27 neurodegeneration 28 and
28 and 30 decline
29 cognitive 30 decline

it has been shown that the ad11 neurodegeneration mouse model , expressing a recombinant anti - nerve growth factor ( ngf ) [antibody] , shows a milder phenotype when housed in murine [pathogen] - free ( mpf ) conditions with respect to ad11 mice reared in conventional ( cv ) housing . 
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 10 model
5 that 25 shows
6 the 10 model
7 ad11 9 mouse
8 neurodegeneration 9 mouse
9 mouse 10 model
10 model 12 expressing
10 model 25 shows
11 , 12 expressing
12 expressing 19 factor
12 expressing 24 ,
13 a 19 factor
14 recombinant 19 factor
15 anti 16 -
15 anti 17 nerve
17 nerve 18 growth
18 growth 19 factor
19 factor 21 ngf
20 ( 21 ngf
21 ngf 22 )
25 shows 28 phenotype
25 shows 29 when
25 shows 31 in
26 a 28 phenotype
27 milder 28 phenotype
29 when 30 housed
31 in 32 murine
32 murine 39 conditions
34 - 39 conditions
35 free 37 mpf
35 free 38 )
35 free 39 conditions
36 ( 37 mpf
37 mpf 38 )
39 conditions 40 with
39 conditions 44 mice
39 conditions 45 reared
39 conditions 52 .
40 with 41 respect
41 respect 42 to
42 to 43 ad11
44 mice 45 reared
45 reared 46 in
46 in 51 housing
47 conventional 49 cv
47 conventional 50 )
47 conventional 51 housing
48 ( 49 cv
49 cv 50 )

ad10 mice , a variant of the anti - ngf ad11 model , expressing only an immunoglobulin light chain for the transgenic anti - ngf antibody , in the absence of the corresponding transgenic antibody chain vh , exhibit a complex neurodegenerative phenotype , similar to that of ad11 mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 exhibit
1 ad10 2 mice
2 mice 5 variant
2 mice 14 expressing
2 mice 39 exhibit
3 , 5 variant
4 a 5 variant
5 variant 6 of
5 variant 13 ,
6 of 12 model
7 the 12 model
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 12 model
10 ngf 11 ad11
11 ad11 12 model
13 , 14 expressing
14 expressing 15 only
14 expressing 19 chain
14 expressing 38 ,
16 an 19 chain
17 immunoglobulin 18 light
18 light 19 chain
19 chain 20 for
20 for 26 antibody
21 the 26 antibody
22 transgenic 26 antibody
23 anti 24 -
23 anti 26 antibody
25 ngf 26 antibody
26 antibody 28 in
27 , 28 in
28 in 30 absence
28 in 38 ,
29 the 30 absence
30 absence 31 of
31 of 37 vh
32 the 37 vh
33 corresponding 37 vh
34 transgenic 35 antibody
35 antibody 37 vh
36 chain 37 vh
39 exhibit 43 phenotype
40 a 41 complex
40 a 43 phenotype
41 complex 43 phenotype
42 neurodegenerative 43 phenotype
43 phenotype 45 similar
44 , 45 similar
45 similar 46 to
45 similar 51 .
46 to 47 that
47 that 48 of
48 of 50 mice
49 ad11 50 mice

here we show that the ad10 transgenic mice , housed in murine [pathogen] - free conditions ( mpf - ad10 mice ) , also display a milder behavioral and neurodegenerative phenotype compared to the corresponding mice kept under conventional housing conditions ( cv - ad10 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 23 ,
3 show 4 that
3 show 23 ,
4 that 8 mice
4 that 15 free
5 the 8 mice
6 ad10 8 mice
7 transgenic 8 mice
8 mice 10 housed
8 mice 15 free
9 , 10 housed
10 housed 11 in
10 housed 14 -
11 in 12 murine
15 free 16 conditions
15 free 19 -
17 ( 19 -
18 mpf 19 -
19 - 21 mice
19 - 22 )
20 ad10 21 mice
23 , 25 display
23 , 31 phenotype
24 also 25 display
26 a 31 phenotype
27 milder 31 phenotype
28 behavioral 29 and
29 and 30 neurodegenerative
29 and 31 phenotype
31 phenotype 32 compared
31 phenotype 37 kept
31 phenotype 38 under
31 phenotype 43 cv
31 phenotype 45 ad10
32 compared 33 to
33 to 36 mice
34 the 36 mice
35 corresponding 36 mice
38 under 41 conditions
39 conventional 40 housing
40 housing 41 conditions
42 ( 43 cv
43 cv 44 -
44 - 45 ad10
45 ad10 46 )

as a first step toward the identification of mechanisms underlying this difference , a differential gene expression profiling was performed on brains from cv - ad10 and mpf - ad10 mice , showing a decrease of the immune response and neuroinflammation gene expression in mpf - ad10 mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 performed
1 as 4 step
1 as 16 gene
2 a 4 step
3 first 4 step
4 step 5 toward
4 step 8 of
5 toward 7 identification
6 the 7 identification
8 of 9 mechanisms
10 underlying 12 difference
10 underlying 13 ,
10 underlying 16 gene
11 this 12 difference
14 a 16 gene
15 differential 16 gene
16 gene 18 profiling
16 gene 19 was
16 gene 20 performed
17 expression 18 profiling
18 profiling 19 was
20 performed 21 on
20 performed 44 in
21 on 22 brains
22 brains 23 from
22 brains 33 showing
23 from 24 cv
24 cv 28 mpf
24 cv 31 mice
25 - 28 mpf
26 ad10 27 and
27 and 28 mpf
28 mpf 29 -
29 - 31 mice
30 ad10 31 mice
31 mice 32 ,
33 showing 35 decrease
33 showing 40 and
34 a 35 decrease
35 decrease 36 of
36 of 39 response
37 the 39 response
38 immune 39 response
40 and 43 expression
41 neuroinflammation 42 gene
42 gene 43 expression
44 in 45 mpf
45 mpf 48 mice
46 - 48 mice
47 ad10 48 mice
48 mice 49 .

results suggest that the activation of the immune response gene expression in the cv - ad10 , in a microbially unprotected environment , might contribute to a [more] severe and progressive neurodegenerative phenotype , compared to the mpf mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 results 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 5 activation
3 that 34 ,
4 the 5 activation
5 activation 6 of
5 activation 12 in
5 activation 34 ,
6 of 11 expression
7 the 11 expression
8 immune 9 response
9 response 10 gene
10 gene 11 expression
12 in 14 cv
13 the 14 cv
14 cv 16 ad10
15 - 16 ad10
16 ad10 18 in
16 ad10 23 ,
17 , 18 in
18 in 22 environment
18 in 23 ,
19 a 20 microbially
19 a 22 environment
20 microbially 21 unprotected
21 unprotected 22 environment
24 might 25 contribute
24 might 34 ,
25 contribute 26 to
26 to 33 phenotype
27 a 33 phenotype
29 severe 30 and
30 and 31 progressive
30 and 33 phenotype
32 neurodegenerative 33 phenotype
34 , 35 compared
34 , 36 to
34 , 39 mice
36 to 38 mpf
37 the 38 mpf

objectives : this study used a qualitative approach to explore the perspectives of adults with hearing impairment on hearing help - seeking and rehabilitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 used
2 : 21 -
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 used
5 used 8 approach
5 used 9 to
5 used 10 explore
6 a 7 qualitative
6 a 8 approach
7 qualitative 8 approach
9 to 10 explore
10 explore 12 perspectives
11 the 12 perspectives
12 perspectives 13 of
13 of 14 adults
14 adults 15 with
15 with 17 impairment
16 hearing 17 impairment
17 impairment 18 on
18 on 19 hearing
19 hearing 20 help
21 - 23 and
21 - 25 .
22 seeking 23 and
23 and 24 rehabilitation

two superordinate themes , age and brain , emerged from prior analyses and [are] investigated in the present article . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 two 3 themes
2 superordinate 3 themes
3 themes 6 and
3 themes 13 and
4 , 6 and
5 age 6 and
6 and 7 brain
6 and 8 ,
9 emerged 10 from
9 emerged 13 and
10 from 12 analyses
11 prior 12 analyses
13 and 15 investigated
13 and 16 in
16 in 19 article
17 the 19 article
18 present 19 article

design : in - depth semistructured interviews were completed in four countries with 34 adults ( aged 26 to 96 years ) with hearing impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 in
4 - 7 interviews
4 - 9 completed
5 depth 6 semistructured
6 semistructured 7 interviews
7 interviews 8 were
8 were 9 completed
9 completed 10 in
9 completed 23 with
10 in 12 countries
11 four 12 countries
12 countries 13 with
13 with 15 adults
14 34 15 adults
15 adults 17 aged
16 ( 17 aged
17 aged 18 26
17 aged 19 to
17 aged 22 )
19 to 21 years
20 96 21 years
23 with 24 hearing
24 hearing 25 impairment

participants were asked to " tell the story of your hearing . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 asked
3 asked 4 to
3 asked 6 tell
4 to 5 "
4 to 6 tell
6 tell 8 story
7 the 8 story
8 story 9 of
9 of 11 hearing
10 your 11 hearing
12 . 13 "

participants included individuals with different levels of experiences in hearing help - seeking and rehabilitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 participants 2 included
2 included 3 individuals
2 included 4 with
2 included 9 in
4 with 6 levels
5 different 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 8 experiences
9 in 10 hearing
10 hearing 11 help
12 - 14 and
12 - 16 .
13 seeking 14 and
14 and 15 rehabilitation

the themes of age and brain emerged from the data based on qualitative content analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 themes
2 themes 3 of
2 themes 7 emerged
3 of 5 and
4 age 5 and
5 and 6 brain
7 emerged 8 from
8 from 10 data
9 the 10 data
10 data 11 based
11 based 12 on
12 on 15 analysis
13 qualitative 15 analysis
14 content 15 analysis

these major themes were analyzed further using interpretative phenomenology to create models of themes and subthemes as they related to hearing help - seeking and rehabilitation expectations and experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 these 3 themes
2 major 3 themes
3 themes 4 were
4 were 5 analyzed
5 analyzed 6 further
5 analyzed 7 using
7 using 9 phenomenology
7 using 10 to
8 interpretative 9 phenomenology
10 to 15 and
11 create 12 models
11 create 15 and
12 models 13 of
13 of 14 themes
15 and 16 subthemes
15 and 17 as
17 as 18 they
17 as 19 related
18 they 19 related
19 related 20 to
20 to 21 hearing
21 hearing 22 help
23 - 28 and
23 - 30 .
24 seeking 25 and
25 and 26 rehabilitation
25 and 27 expectations
27 expectations 28 and
28 and 29 experience

results : age was discussed by 68 % of the 34 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 age
2 : 5 discussed
2 : 13 .
3 age 4 was
4 was 5 discussed
5 discussed 6 by
6 by 8 %
7 68 8 %
8 % 9 of
9 of 12 participants
10 the 11 34
11 34 12 participants

the data were sorted into three themes : expectations , self - image , and ways of coping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sorted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 sorted
4 sorted 5 into
5 into 7 themes
6 three 7 themes
8 : 15 and
8 : 19 .
9 expectations 10 ,
10 , 11 self
10 , 15 and
11 self 13 image
12 - 13 image
13 image 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 ways
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 coping

brain was discussed by 50 % of the participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 brain 2 was
2 was 3 discussed
3 discussed 4 by
4 by 6 %
5 50 6 %
6 % 7 of
7 of 9 participants
8 the 9 participants

the data were sorted into three themes : cognitive operations , plasticity , and mental effort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sorted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 sorted
4 sorted 5 into
5 into 7 themes
6 three 7 themes
8 : 14 and
8 : 17 .
9 cognitive 10 operations
10 operations 11 ,
11 , 12 plasticity
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 effort
15 mental 16 effort

conclusions : adults with hearing impairment think of their age and their brain as contributing to their hearing impairment , disability , help - seeking , and rehabilitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 think
2 : 3 adults
3 adults 4 with
4 with 5 hearing
5 hearing 6 impairment
5 hearing 7 think
7 think 8 of
7 think 14 as
8 of 11 and
9 their 10 age
10 age 11 and
11 and 13 brain
12 their 13 brain
14 as 15 contributing
15 contributing 16 to
15 contributing 21 disability
16 to 19 impairment
17 their 19 impairment
18 hearing 19 impairment
20 , 21 disability
21 disability 23 help
21 disability 29 .
22 , 23 help
23 help 27 and
23 help 29 .
24 - 27 and
25 seeking 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 rehabilitation
27 and 29 .

although hearing impairment associated with older age was typically construed as a stigma , not all perceptions of aging and hearing impairment were negative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 although 2 hearing
1 although 10 construed
1 although 14 ,
1 although 20 and
2 hearing 3 impairment
2 hearing 8 was
3 impairment 4 associated
3 impairment 5 with
5 with 7 age
6 older 7 age
8 was 10 construed
9 typically 10 construed
10 construed 11 as
11 as 13 stigma
12 a 13 stigma
15 not 16 all
15 not 20 and
17 perceptions 18 of
17 perceptions 20 and
18 of 19 aging
20 and 22 impairment
20 and 23 were
21 hearing 22 impairment
23 were 24 negative

some participants viewed older age and its influence on relationships or priorities as a reason for seeking out hearing health care [or] as the determining factor in deciding to wear hearing aids ( has ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 viewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 wear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 some 2 participants
2 participants 3 viewed
3 viewed 6 and
3 viewed 9 on
4 older 5 age
5 age 6 and
6 and 8 influence
7 its 8 influence
9 on 10 relationships
11 or 12 priorities
11 or 21 care
12 priorities 13 as
12 priorities 16 for
12 priorities 21 care
13 as 15 reason
14 a 15 reason
16 for 17 seeking
17 seeking 18 out
17 seeking 20 health
19 hearing 20 health
21 care 23 as
21 care 29 to
23 as 26 factor
24 the 26 factor
25 determining 26 factor
26 factor 27 in
27 in 28 deciding
29 to 30 wear
30 wear 32 aids
31 hearing 32 aids
32 aids 34 has
33 ( 34 has
34 has 35 )

some expected hearing impairment with older age , thus they found it easier to accept wearing has than they may have at a younger age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 some 2 expected
2 expected 4 impairment
2 expected 5 with
2 expected 9 thus
3 hearing 4 impairment
5 with 7 age
6 older 7 age
8 , 9 thus
9 thus 10 they
10 they 11 found
11 found 12 it
12 it 13 easier
12 it 16 wearing
13 easier 14 to
13 easier 15 accept
14 to 15 accept
16 wearing 17 has
16 wearing 18 than
16 wearing 22 at
18 than 21 have
19 they 20 may
20 may 21 have
22 at 25 age
23 a 25 age
24 younger 25 age

they discussed the brain in terms of the cognitive operations that may either inhibit or improve speech communication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 they 15 or
2 discussed 4 brain
2 discussed 5 in
2 discussed 15 or
3 the 4 brain
5 in 6 terms
6 terms 7 of
7 of 10 operations
8 the 10 operations
9 cognitive 10 operations
10 operations 11 that
10 operations 14 inhibit
11 that 12 may
12 may 14 inhibit
13 either 14 inhibit
15 or 16 improve
16 improve 18 communication
17 speech 18 communication

participants believed that they could train their brains to improve their communication ( and sometimes avoid the need for has [ )(or to increase their ha benefit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 participants 14 and
2 believed 3 that
2 believed 14 and
3 that 4 they
3 that 6 train
4 they 5 could
5 could 6 train
6 train 8 brains
6 train 9 to
6 train 10 improve
7 their 8 brains
9 to 10 improve
10 improve 12 communication
11 their 12 communication
13 ( 14 and
14 and 22 )(or
15 sometimes 16 avoid
16 avoid 18 need
16 avoid 22 )(or
17 the 18 need
18 need 19 for
19 for 20 has
22 )(or 23 to
22 )(or 27 benefit
23 to 24 increase
24 increase 26 ha
25 their 26 ha

age and brain interconnected in a number of ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 age 2 and
2 and 3 brain
2 and 4 interconnected
4 interconnected 5 in
5 in 9 ways
6 a 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 ways
8 of 9 ways

participants believed that older age led to [cognitive] decline , which resulted in decreased speech understanding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 participants 2 believed
2 believed 3 that
3 that 5 age
3 that 6 led
4 older 5 age
5 age 6 led
6 led 7 to
7 to 9 decline
10 , 11 which
10 , 12 resulted
11 which 12 resulted
12 resulted 13 in
13 in 16 understanding
14 decreased 15 speech
15 speech 16 understanding

participants also believed that the cognitive decline that accompanies older age may limit ha benefit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 participants 3 believed
1 participants 4 that
1 participants 13 limit
1 participants 15 benefit
2 also 3 believed
4 that 7 decline
4 that 13 limit
5 the 7 decline
6 cognitive 7 decline
7 decline 8 that
7 decline 9 accompanies
7 decline 12 may
8 that 9 accompanies
9 accompanies 11 age
10 older 11 age
12 may 13 limit
13 limit 14 ha

hearing healthcare providers may wish to clarify negative messages about age and brain with their patients and provide information about how older brains are capable of changing and benefiting from ha use and comprehensive audiologic rehabilitation programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hearing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 wish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 hearing 3 providers
1 hearing 4 may
2 healthcare 3 providers
4 may 5 wish
5 wish 6 to
5 wish 20 about
6 to 17 and
7 clarify 9 messages
7 clarify 10 about
7 clarify 17 and
8 negative 9 messages
10 about 12 and
11 age 12 and
12 and 13 brain
12 and 14 with
14 with 16 patients
15 their 16 patients
17 and 18 provide
17 and 19 information
20 about 21 how
21 how 28 and
21 how 37 programs
22 older 23 brains
23 brains 24 are
23 brains 28 and
24 are 25 capable
25 capable 26 of
26 of 27 changing
28 and 29 benefiting
29 benefiting 30 from
29 benefiting 37 programs
30 from 33 and
31 ha 32 use
32 use 33 and
33 and 36 rehabilitation
34 comprehensive 36 rehabilitation
35 audiologic 36 rehabilitation

background : aging adversely affects nitrogen accretion during health , but its effect during critical illness is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 5 affects
2 : 11 but
2 : 19 .
3 aging 5 affects
4 adversely 5 affects
5 affects 7 accretion
5 affects 8 during
6 nitrogen 7 accretion
8 during 9 health
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 effect
11 but 17 is
12 its 13 effect
13 effect 14 during
13 effect 17 is
14 during 16 illness
15 critical 16 illness
17 is 18 unknown

nitrogen [balance] ( nb ) response [to] varying protein [intakes] was compared between critically ill , older and younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 nitrogen 4 nb
3 ( 4 nb
4 nb 5 )
4 nb 8 varying
6 response 8 varying
8 varying 9 protein
9 protein 11 was
11 was 12 compared
12 compared 13 between
13 between 20 patients
14 critically 15 ill
15 ill 16 ,
15 ill 20 patients
17 older 18 and
18 and 19 younger
18 and 20 patients

methods : adult patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit , given enteral or parenteral nutrition , and who had a nb determination within 5 - 14 days after injury were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 admitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 adult
4 patients 5 admitted
5 admitted 6 to
5 admitted 13 given
6 to 11 unit
7 the 11 unit
8 trauma 11 unit
9 intensive 10 care
10 care 11 unit
12 , 13 given
13 given 15 or
13 given 17 nutrition
13 given 18 ,
14 enteral 15 or
15 or 16 parenteral
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 who
19 and 21 had
20 who 21 had
21 had 24 determination
21 had 25 within
21 had 30 after
22 a 24 determination
23 nb 24 determination
25 within 29 days
26 5 27 -
27 - 28 14
27 - 29 days
30 after 31 injury
30 after 33 evaluated
31 injury 32 were
32 were 33 evaluated
33 evaluated 34 .

patients with renal or hepatic disease were excluded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 excluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 7 were
2 with 6 disease
3 renal 4 or
4 or 5 hepatic
4 or 6 disease
7 were 8 excluded

patients were categorized as older [(] ≥60 years [ )(or younger ( 18 - 59 years of age ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 categorized
3 categorized 4 as
3 categorized 10 )(or
4 as 7 ≥60
5 older 7 ≥60
8 years 10 )(or
10 )(or 11 younger
10 )(or 14 -
12 ( 14 -
13 18 14 -
14 - 16 years
14 - 19 )
15 59 16 years
16 years 17 of
17 of 18 age

data are given as mean ± sd or median [ interquartile range ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 data 2 are
2 are 3 given
3 given 4 as
4 as 8 or
5 mean 7 sd
6 ± 7 sd
7 sd 8 or
8 or 9 median
8 or 12 range
10 [ 12 range
11 interquartile 12 range
12 range 13 ]

results : fifty - four [older] ( 69 [ 65 , 77 []] years ) and 195 [younger] ( 35 [ 27 , 47 []] years ) [patients] were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 -
3 fifty 4 -
4 - 5 four
4 - 8 69
4 - 14 years
7 ( 8 69
8 69 10 65
8 69 11 ,
9 [ 10 65
10 65 11 ,
11 , 14 years
12 77 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 and 17 195
16 and 29 were
17 195 20 35
17 195 26 years
17 195 29 were
19 ( 20 35
20 35 22 27
20 35 23 ,
21 [ 22 27
22 27 23 ,
23 , 26 years
24 47 26 years
26 years 27 )
29 were 30 evaluated

nb was blunted for the older patients with an observed trending improvement in nb from - 13.5 ± 5.5 to - 5.6 ± [8.8] g/d ( p = ns [ )(noted at 1.5 - 1.99 g/kg/d . 
1 nb 2 was
2 was 3 blunted
3 blunted 4 for
3 blunted 8 with
4 for 7 patients
5 the 7 patients
6 older 7 patients
8 with 12 improvement
8 with 18 ±
9 an 12 improvement
10 observed 12 improvement
11 trending 12 improvement
12 improvement 13 in
12 improvement 15 from
13 in 14 nb
15 from 17 13.5
16 - 17 13.5
18 ± 19 5.5
18 ± 20 to
18 ± 28 =
20 to 25 g/d
21 - 22 5.6
22 5.6 25 g/d
23 ± 25 g/d
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 ns
29 ns 31 )(noted
29 ns 32 at
32 at 33 1.5
33 1.5 36 g/kg/d
34 - 36 g/kg/d
35 1.99 36 g/kg/d
36 g/kg/d 37 .

nb improved from - 22.2 ± 8.2 to - 11.8 ± 9.9 g/d ( p = [.] 05 [ )(at 1 - 1.49 g/kg/d and [modestly] thereafter for [each] 0.5 - [g/kg/d] increase in protein intake for the younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ±
1 nb 2 improved
1 nb 3 from
1 nb 11 ±
3 from 5 22.2
4 - 5 22.2
5 22.2 6 ±
6 ± 8 to
7 8.2 8 to
8 to 10 11.8
9 - 10 11.8
11 ± 13 g/d
11 ± 16 =
12 9.9 13 g/d
14 ( 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 18 05
18 05 25 and
20 )(at 24 g/kg/d
20 )(at 25 and
21 1 22 -
22 - 23 1.49
22 - 24 g/kg/d
25 and 27 thereafter
25 and 28 for
28 for 30 0.5
30 0.5 33 increase
31 - 33 increase
33 increase 34 in
33 increase 37 for
33 increase 41 .
34 in 36 intake
35 protein 36 intake
37 for 40 patients
38 the 40 patients
39 younger 40 patients

serum urea nitrogen concentration during the nb was highly variable but overall greater for the older patients ( 20 [ 14 , 33 []] vs 15 [ 10 , 20 []] mg/dl , p = [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 serum 2 urea
2 urea 3 nitrogen
3 nitrogen 4 concentration
4 concentration 5 during
4 concentration 8 was
5 during 7 nb
6 the 7 nb
8 was 9 highly
8 was 11 but
10 variable 11 but
11 but 12 overall
11 but 13 greater
13 greater 14 for
13 greater 35 =
14 for 17 patients
15 the 17 patients
16 older 17 patients
17 patients 19 20
17 patients 23 33
18 ( 19 20
19 20 21 14
19 20 22 ,
20 [ 21 14
21 14 22 ,
22 , 23 33
23 33 25 vs
23 33 28 10
23 33 29 ,
25 vs 26 15
27 [ 28 10
28 10 29 ,
30 20 32 mg/dl
32 mg/dl 35 =
33 , 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 37 001
35 = 38 )

conclusions : improvement in nitrogen accretion was blunted at lower protein intakes in critically ill , older patients compared with younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 improvement
2 : 8 blunted
3 improvement 4 in
3 improvement 7 was
4 in 6 accretion
5 nitrogen 6 accretion
7 was 8 blunted
8 blunted 9 at
8 blunted 20 with
9 at 12 intakes
10 lower 11 protein
11 protein 12 intakes
12 intakes 13 in
12 intakes 19 compared
13 in 18 patients
14 critically 15 ill
15 ill 16 ,
15 ill 18 patients
17 older 18 patients
20 with 22 patients
21 younger 22 patients

individualization of protein intake is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individualization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 individualization 2 of
1 individualization 5 is
2 of 4 intake
3 protein 4 intake
5 is 6 warranted

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a disease of major public health significance , whose pathogenesis [is] strongly linked to the presence of fibrillar aggregates of amyloid - beta ( aβ ) in the aging human brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 9 disease
8 a 9 disease
9 disease 10 of
10 of 14 significance
11 major 12 public
12 public 14 significance
13 health 14 significance
15 , 16 whose
15 , 20 linked
16 whose 17 pathogenesis
17 pathogenesis 20 linked
19 strongly 20 linked
20 linked 21 to
20 linked 34 in
20 linked 38 brain
21 to 23 presence
22 the 23 presence
23 presence 24 of
24 of 26 aggregates
25 fibrillar 26 aggregates
26 aggregates 27 of
26 aggregates 32 aβ
27 of 30 beta
28 amyloid 29 -
28 amyloid 30 beta
31 ( 32 aβ
32 aβ 33 )
34 in 36 aging
35 the 36 aging
37 human 38 brain

we exploited the transgenic ( tg ) - arcswe mouse model for human ad to explore whether oxidative stress and the capacity to repair oxidative dna damage via base excision repair ( ber ) are related to aβ pathology in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exploited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 exploited
2 exploited 11 model
2 exploited 17 whether
3 the 11 model
4 transgenic 6 tg
4 transgenic 8 -
4 transgenic 11 model
5 ( 6 tg
6 tg 7 )
9 arcswe 11 model
10 mouse 11 model
11 model 12 for
12 for 14 ad
13 human 14 ad
14 ad 15 to
14 ad 16 explore
15 to 16 explore
17 whether 20 and
17 whether 36 related
18 oxidative 19 stress
19 stress 20 and
20 and 22 capacity
20 and 23 to
20 and 28 via
20 and 33 ber
20 and 35 are
21 the 22 capacity
23 to 27 damage
24 repair 27 damage
25 oxidative 27 damage
26 dna 27 damage
28 via 31 repair
29 base 30 excision
30 excision 31 repair
32 ( 33 ber
33 ber 34 )
35 are 36 related
36 related 37 to
36 related 40 in
37 to 39 pathology
38 aβ 39 pathology
40 in 41 ad

tg - arcswe mice express variants of aβ , accumulating senile plaques at 4 - 6 months of age , and develop ad - like neuropathology as adult animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 tg 2 -
1 tg 4 mice
3 arcswe 4 mice
4 mice 21 and
5 express 6 variants
5 express 21 and
6 variants 7 of
6 variants 10 accumulating
7 of 8 aβ
9 , 10 accumulating
10 accumulating 12 plaques
10 accumulating 13 at
10 accumulating 20 ,
11 senile 12 plaques
13 at 17 months
14 4 15 -
15 - 16 6
15 - 17 months
17 months 18 of
18 of 19 age
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 develop
22 develop 23 ad
24 - 25 like
24 - 30 .
25 like 26 neuropathology
25 like 27 as
27 as 29 animals
28 adult 29 animals

the relative mrna levels of genes encoding ber enzymes , including 8 - oxoguanine glycosylase ( ogg1 ) , ap endonuclease 1 ( ape1 ) , polymerase β ( polβ ) [and] [poly] ( adp - ribose ) polymerase 1 ( parp1 ) , were quantified in various brain regions of 6 weeks , 4 months and 12 months old mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 the 4 levels
2 relative 3 mrna
3 mrna 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 7 encoding
4 levels 45 were
5 of 6 genes
7 encoding 9 enzymes
8 ber 9 enzymes
9 enzymes 11 including
10 , 11 including
11 including 12 8
11 including 44 ,
12 8 15 glycosylase
12 8 28 β
13 - 15 glycosylase
14 oxoguanine 15 glycosylase
15 glycosylase 17 ogg1
15 glycosylase 21 endonuclease
15 glycosylase 26 ,
16 ( 17 ogg1
17 ogg1 18 )
19 , 21 endonuclease
20 ap 21 endonuclease
21 endonuclease 22 1
21 endonuclease 24 ape1
21 endonuclease 26 ,
23 ( 24 ape1
24 ape1 25 )
26 , 28 β
27 polymerase 28 β
28 β 30 polβ
28 β 39 polymerase
28 β 43 )
29 ( 30 polβ
30 polβ 31 )
34 ( 39 polymerase
35 adp 37 ribose
35 adp 39 polymerase
36 - 37 ribose
37 ribose 38 )
39 polymerase 40 1
39 polymerase 42 parp1
39 polymerase 43 )
41 ( 42 parp1
42 parp1 43 )
45 were 46 quantified
46 quantified 47 in
47 in 57 and
48 various 50 regions
49 brain 50 regions
50 regions 51 of
50 regions 54 ,
51 of 53 weeks
52 6 53 weeks
54 , 56 months
54 , 57 and
55 4 56 months
57 and 61 mice
58 12 59 months
59 months 61 mice
60 old 61 mice

the results show that ogg1 transcriptional expression was higher , and ape1 expression lower , in 4 months old tg - [arcswe] than in wildtype ( wt ) mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 5 ogg1
3 show 11 and
5 ogg1 7 expression
5 ogg1 8 was
6 transcriptional 7 expression
7 expression 8 was
8 was 9 higher
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 expression
11 and 25 wildtype
12 ape1 13 expression
13 expression 14 lower
14 lower 16 in
14 lower 23 than
15 , 16 in
16 in 20 tg
16 in 21 -
17 4 18 months
18 months 20 tg
19 old 20 tg
23 than 24 in
25 wildtype 29 mice
26 ( 29 mice
27 wt 28 )
27 wt 29 mice
29 mice 30 .

furthermore , polβ transcriptional expression was significantly lower in transgenic 12 months old mice than in wt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 expression
2 , 3 polβ
3 polβ 5 expression
4 transcriptional 5 expression
5 expression 6 was
6 was 7 significantly
6 was 8 lower
8 lower 9 in
8 lower 15 than
9 in 14 mice
10 transgenic 14 mice
11 12 12 months
12 months 14 mice
13 old 14 mice
15 than 16 in
16 in 17 wt

transcriptional profiling also showed that ber repair capacity [vary] during the lifespan in tg - arcswe and wt mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 profiling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 transcriptional 2 profiling
2 profiling 4 showed
3 also 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 6 ber
5 that 7 repair
6 ber 7 repair
7 repair 8 capacity
7 repair 10 during
7 repair 13 in
10 during 12 lifespan
11 the 12 lifespan
13 in 14 tg
15 - 17 and
15 - 20 .
16 arcswe 17 and
17 and 19 mice
18 wt 19 mice

the ber expression pattern in tg [-] arcswe mice thus reflects responses to oxidative stress in vulnerable brain structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reflects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 pattern
2 ber 4 pattern
3 expression 4 pattern
4 pattern 5 in
4 pattern 11 reflects
5 in 9 mice
6 tg 8 arcswe
8 arcswe 9 mice
10 thus 11 reflects
11 reflects 12 responses
11 reflects 13 to
11 reflects 16 in
13 to 15 stress
14 oxidative 15 stress
16 in 19 structures
17 vulnerable 18 brain
18 brain 19 structures

although reactive oxygen species ( ros [ )(such as superoxide , hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical are generated as the natural byproduct of normal oxygen metabolism , they can create oxidative damage via interaction with bio [-] molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 although 4 species
1 although 14 and
2 reactive 3 oxygen
3 oxygen 4 species
4 species 6 ros
5 ( 6 ros
6 ros 9 as
6 ros 11 ,
8 )(such 9 as
9 as 10 superoxide
12 hydrogen 13 peroxide
13 peroxide 14 and
14 and 16 radical
14 and 17 are
15 hydroxyl 16 radical
17 are 18 generated
18 generated 19 as
19 as 22 byproduct
20 the 22 byproduct
21 natural 22 byproduct
22 byproduct 23 of
23 of 26 metabolism
24 normal 25 oxygen
25 oxygen 26 metabolism
27 , 28 they
27 , 30 create
28 they 29 can
29 can 30 create
30 create 32 damage
30 create 33 via
31 oxidative 32 damage
33 via 34 interaction
34 interaction 35 with
35 with 38 molecules
36 bio 38 molecules

the role of oxidative stress as a remarkable upstream part is frequently reported in the signaling cascade of inflammation as well as chemo attractant production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 6 as
2 role 11 is
3 of 5 stress
4 oxidative 5 stress
6 as 10 part
7 a 10 part
8 remarkable 10 part
9 upstream 10 part
11 is 12 frequently
11 is 13 reported
13 reported 14 in
14 in 17 cascade
15 the 17 cascade
16 signaling 17 cascade
17 cascade 18 of
17 cascade 22 as
18 of 19 inflammation
20 as 21 well
21 well 22 as
22 as 25 production
23 chemo 25 production
24 attractant 25 production

even though hydrogen peroxide can control cell signaling and stimulate cell proliferation [at] low levels , in higher concentrations it can initiate apoptosis and [in] very high levels may create necrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 even 2 though
1 even 16 ,
1 even 20 it
2 though 4 peroxide
2 though 9 and
3 hydrogen 4 peroxide
4 peroxide 5 can
5 can 9 and
6 control 8 signaling
6 control 9 and
7 cell 8 signaling
9 and 10 stimulate
10 stimulate 15 levels
11 cell 15 levels
12 proliferation 15 levels
14 low 15 levels
17 in 19 concentrations
17 in 20 it
18 higher 19 concentrations
20 it 21 can
21 can 24 and
22 initiate 23 apoptosis
22 initiate 24 and
24 and 30 create
26 very 27 high
27 high 28 levels
28 levels 29 may
29 may 30 create
30 create 31 necrosis

so far , the role of ros in cellular damage and death is well documented with implicating in a broad range of degenerative alterations e.g . carcinogenesis , aging and other oxidative stress related diseases ( osrds ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 so 2 far
2 far 3 ,
2 far 5 role
4 the 5 role
5 role 6 of
5 role 13 is
6 of 11 and
7 ros 8 in
7 ros 11 and
8 in 10 damage
9 cellular 10 damage
11 and 12 death
13 is 14 well
13 is 15 documented
15 documented 16 with
16 with 17 implicating
17 implicating 18 in
17 implicating 25 e.g
18 in 21 range
19 a 21 range
20 broad 21 range
21 range 22 of
22 of 24 alterations
23 degenerative 24 alterations
26 . 27 carcinogenesis
26 . 28 ,
28 , 30 and
29 aging 30 and
30 and 35 diseases
30 and 37 osrds
31 other 35 diseases
32 oxidative 33 stress
33 stress 34 related
34 related 35 diseases
36 ( 37 osrds
37 osrds 38 )

reversely , it is [cleared] that antioxidants are potentially able to suppress ( at least [in] [part] ) the immune system and to enhance the normal cellular protective responses to tissue damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 reversely 2 ,
1 reversely 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 6 that
6 that 7 antioxidants
6 that 8 are
7 antioxidants 8 are
8 are 9 potentially
8 are 10 able
10 able 11 to
10 able 22 and
11 to 22 and
12 suppress 15 least
12 suppress 21 system
12 suppress 22 and
13 ( 15 least
14 at 15 least
15 least 18 )
19 the 21 system
20 immune 21 system
22 and 23 to
22 and 32 damage
23 to 24 enhance
24 enhance 29 responses
24 enhance 30 to
25 the 29 responses
26 normal 29 responses
27 cellular 29 responses
28 protective 29 responses
30 to 31 tissue

in this review , we aimed to provide insights on diverse osrds , which are correlated with the concept of oxidative stress as well as its cellular effects that can be inhibited by antioxidants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aimed
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 provide
7 to 8 provide
8 provide 9 insights
8 provide 10 on
10 on 12 osrds
11 diverse 12 osrds
12 osrds 14 which
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 are
14 which 35 .
15 are 16 correlated
16 correlated 17 with
16 correlated 25 as
17 with 19 concept
18 the 19 concept
19 concept 20 of
20 of 22 stress
21 oxidative 22 stress
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 28 effects
26 its 28 effects
27 cellular 28 effects
28 effects 29 that
28 effects 30 can
29 that 30 can
30 can 31 be
31 be 32 inhibited
32 inhibited 33 by
33 by 34 antioxidants

resveratrol , angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors , angiotensin receptor blockers , statins , nebivolol and carvedilol , pentaerythritol tetranitrate , mitochondria - targeted antioxidants , and plant - derived drugs ( alone [or] combined ) are the potential medicines that can be used to control osrd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 resveratrol 2 ,
1 resveratrol 6 inhibitors
3 angiotensin 6 inhibitors
4 converting 6 inhibitors
5 enzyme 6 inhibitors
6 inhibitors 10 blockers
6 inhibitors 13 ,
7 , 10 blockers
8 angiotensin 9 receptor
9 receptor 10 blockers
10 blockers 11 ,
12 statins 13 ,
13 , 45 control
14 nebivolol 15 and
15 and 16 carvedilol
15 and 19 tetranitrate
15 and 26 and
17 , 19 tetranitrate
18 pentaerythritol 19 tetranitrate
19 tetranitrate 21 mitochondria
19 tetranitrate 25 ,
20 , 21 mitochondria
21 mitochondria 24 antioxidants
21 mitochondria 25 ,
22 - 24 antioxidants
23 targeted 24 antioxidants
24 antioxidants 25 ,
26 and 27 plant
26 and 30 drugs
26 and 36 are
28 - 30 drugs
29 derived 30 drugs
30 drugs 34 combined
30 drugs 35 )
31 ( 34 combined
32 alone 34 combined
34 combined 35 )
36 are 39 medicines
36 are 44 to
37 the 39 medicines
38 potential 39 medicines
39 medicines 40 that
39 medicines 41 can
40 that 41 can
41 can 42 be
42 be 43 used
44 to 45 control
45 control 46 osrd

the initiation and progression of alzheimer disease ( ad ) is a complex process not yet fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 initiation
2 initiation 3 and
3 and 4 progression
3 and 5 of
3 and 7 disease
5 of 6 alzheimer
7 disease 9 ad
7 disease 11 is
8 ( 9 ad
9 ad 10 )
11 is 14 process
12 a 13 complex
12 a 14 process
13 complex 14 process
14 process 15 not
15 not 18 understood
16 yet 18 understood
17 fully 18 understood

while many hypotheses have been provided as to the cause of the disease , the exact mechanisms remain elusive and difficult to verify . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 while 3 hypotheses
1 while 6 provided
1 while 14 ,
1 while 17 mechanisms
2 many 3 hypotheses
3 hypotheses 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 provided
6 provided 8 to
7 as 8 to
8 to 10 cause
9 the 10 cause
10 cause 11 of
11 of 13 disease
12 the 13 disease
15 the 17 mechanisms
16 exact 17 mechanisms
17 mechanisms 18 remain
18 remain 20 and
19 elusive 20 and
20 and 21 difficult
21 difficult 22 to
21 difficult 23 verify
22 to 23 verify

proteomic applications in disease models of ad have provided valuable insights into the molecular basis of this disorder , demonstrating that on a protein level , disease progression impacts numerous cellular processes such as energy production , cellular structure , signal transduction , synaptic function , mitochondrial function , cell cycle progression , and proteasome function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 have
1 proteomic 2 applications
2 applications 3 in
2 applications 8 have
3 in 5 models
4 disease 5 models
5 models 6 of
6 of 7 ad
8 have 11 insights
8 have 20 demonstrating
9 provided 11 insights
10 valuable 11 insights
11 insights 12 into
11 insights 16 of
12 into 15 basis
13 the 15 basis
14 molecular 15 basis
16 of 18 disorder
17 this 18 disorder
19 , 20 demonstrating
20 demonstrating 21 that
20 demonstrating 29 impacts
20 demonstrating 57 .
21 that 22 on
21 that 29 impacts
22 on 28 progression
23 a 24 protein
23 a 28 progression
24 protein 28 progression
25 level 26 ,
25 level 27 disease
27 disease 28 progression
29 impacts 32 processes
30 numerous 32 processes
31 cellular 32 processes
32 processes 34 as
32 processes 39 structure
33 such 34 as
34 as 36 production
35 energy 36 production
37 , 39 structure
38 cellular 39 structure
39 structure 54 and
39 structure 57 .
40 , 54 and
41 signal 42 transduction
42 transduction 43 ,
43 , 45 function
43 , 46 ,
44 synaptic 45 function
46 , 48 function
46 , 49 ,
47 mitochondrial 48 function
49 , 52 progression
49 , 54 and
50 cell 52 progression
51 cycle 52 progression
53 , 54 and
54 and 56 function
54 and 57 .
55 proteasome 56 function

each of these cellular functions contributes to the overall health of the cell , and the dysregulation of one or more could contribute to the pathology and clinical presentation in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 each 2 of
1 each 5 functions
2 of 5 functions
3 these 5 functions
4 cellular 5 functions
5 functions 20 or
6 contributes 7 to
6 contributes 20 or
7 to 10 health
8 the 10 health
9 overall 10 health
10 health 11 of
10 health 18 of
11 of 15 and
12 the 13 cell
13 cell 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 dysregulation
16 the 17 dysregulation
18 of 19 one
20 or 23 contribute
20 or 30 in
21 more 22 could
22 could 23 contribute
23 contribute 24 to
24 to 27 and
25 the 26 pathology
26 pathology 27 and
27 and 29 presentation
28 clinical 29 presentation
30 in 31 ad

in this review , foci reside primarily on the amyloid β - [peptide] ( aβ ) induced oxidative stress hypothesis and the proteomic studies that have been conducted by our laboratory and others that contribute to the overall understanding of this devastating neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 foci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reside
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 foci
2 this 3 review
5 foci 6 reside
6 reside 7 primarily
7 primarily 8 on
8 on 11 β
9 the 11 β
10 amyloid 11 β
12 - 21 and
12 - 28 conducted
12 - 45 .
14 ( 15 aβ
15 aβ 16 )
15 aβ 21 and
17 induced 19 stress
18 oxidative 19 stress
19 stress 20 hypothesis
20 hypothesis 21 and
21 and 24 studies
21 and 25 that
21 and 26 have
21 and 28 conducted
22 the 24 studies
23 proteomic 24 studies
25 that 26 have
26 have 27 been
28 conducted 29 by
28 conducted 36 to
29 by 32 and
30 our 31 laboratory
31 laboratory 32 and
32 and 33 others
32 and 34 that
32 and 35 contribute
34 that 35 contribute
36 to 39 understanding
37 the 39 understanding
38 overall 39 understanding
39 understanding 40 of
39 understanding 42 devastating
40 of 41 this
42 devastating 44 disease
43 neurodegenerative 44 disease

human skin copes with harmful environmental factors that are circadian in nature , yet how circadian rhythms modulate the function of human epidermal stem cells is mostly unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 copes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 human 2 skin
2 skin 3 copes
3 copes 4 with
3 copes 11 in
4 with 7 factors
5 harmful 7 factors
6 environmental 7 factors
7 factors 8 that
7 factors 9 are
8 that 9 are
9 are 10 circadian
11 in 12 nature
13 , 14 yet
13 , 26 is
14 yet 15 how
15 how 17 rhythms
15 how 18 modulate
15 how 26 is
16 circadian 17 rhythms
17 rhythms 18 modulate
18 modulate 20 function
19 the 20 function
20 function 21 of
21 of 25 cells
22 human 25 cells
23 epidermal 24 stem
24 stem 25 cells
26 is 27 mostly
26 is 28 unknown

here we show that in human epidermal stem cells and their differentiated counterparts , core clock genes peak in a successive and phased manner , establishing distinct temporal intervals during the 24 hr day period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 17 genes
4 that 18 peak
5 in 10 and
5 in 14 ,
5 in 17 genes
6 human 8 stem
7 epidermal 8 stem
8 stem 9 cells
9 cells 10 and
10 and 13 counterparts
11 their 13 counterparts
12 differentiated 13 counterparts
15 core 16 clock
16 clock 17 genes
17 genes 18 peak
18 peak 19 in
19 in 35 period
20 a 35 period
21 successive 22 and
22 and 24 manner
22 and 25 ,
22 and 26 establishing
22 and 35 period
23 phased 24 manner
26 establishing 29 intervals
26 establishing 30 during
27 distinct 29 intervals
28 temporal 29 intervals
30 during 34 day
31 the 34 day
32 24 33 hr
33 hr 34 day

each of these successive clock waves is associated with a peak in the expression of subsets of transcripts that temporally segregate the predisposition of epidermal stem cells to respond to cues that regulate their proliferation or differentiation , such as tgfβ and calcium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 each
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 each 2 of
1 each 7 is
2 of 6 waves
3 these 6 waves
4 successive 5 clock
5 clock 6 waves
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 12 in
8 associated 30 to
9 with 11 peak
10 a 11 peak
12 in 14 expression
13 the 14 expression
14 expression 15 of
15 of 16 subsets
16 subsets 17 of
17 of 18 transcripts
18 transcripts 19 that
18 transcripts 21 segregate
19 that 21 segregate
20 temporally 21 segregate
21 segregate 23 predisposition
21 segregate 28 to
22 the 23 predisposition
23 predisposition 24 of
24 of 27 cells
25 epidermal 26 stem
26 stem 27 cells
28 to 29 respond
30 to 31 cues
31 cues 32 that
31 cues 33 regulate
32 that 33 regulate
33 regulate 42 and
34 their 35 proliferation
35 proliferation 36 or
36 or 37 differentiation
36 or 38 ,
36 or 40 as
36 or 42 and
39 such 40 as
40 as 41 tgfβ
42 and 43 calcium

accordingly , circadian arrhythmia profoundly affects stem cell function [in] culture [and] in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 arrhythmia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 affects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 4 arrhythmia
3 circadian 4 arrhythmia
4 arrhythmia 6 affects
5 profoundly 6 affects
6 affects 11 culture
6 affects 14 vivo
7 stem 11 culture
8 cell 11 culture
9 function 11 culture
13 in 14 vivo

we hypothesize that this intricate mechanism ensures homeostasis by providing epidermal stem cells with environmentally relevant temporal functional cues during the course of the day and that its perturbation may contribute to aging and carcinogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 6 mechanism
2 hypothesize 7 ensures
3 that 6 mechanism
4 this 5 intricate
5 intricate 6 mechanism
6 mechanism 7 ensures
7 ensures 34 and
8 homeostasis 9 by
8 homeostasis 23 of
8 homeostasis 26 and
9 by 10 providing
10 providing 13 cells
10 providing 20 during
11 epidermal 12 stem
12 stem 13 cells
13 cells 14 with
14 with 19 cues
15 environmentally 16 relevant
16 relevant 19 cues
17 temporal 19 cues
18 functional 19 cues
20 during 22 course
21 the 22 course
23 of 25 day
24 the 25 day
26 and 27 that
26 and 29 perturbation
26 and 33 aging
26 and 34 and
28 its 29 perturbation
29 perturbation 30 may
30 may 31 contribute
31 contribute 32 to
32 to 33 aging
34 and 35 carcinogenesis

network - based analysis of structural and functional connections has provided a new technique to study the brains of healthy people and patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 network 2 -
1 network 4 analysis
3 based 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
4 analysis 10 has
5 of 9 connections
6 structural 7 and
7 and 8 functional
7 and 9 connections
10 has 11 provided
11 provided 14 technique
11 provided 15 to
11 provided 24 with
12 a 13 new
12 a 14 technique
13 new 14 technique
15 to 16 study
16 study 18 brains
17 the 18 brains
18 brains 19 of
19 of 22 and
20 healthy 21 people
21 people 22 and
22 and 23 patients
24 with 28 disorders
25 neurological 26 and
26 and 27 psychiatric
26 and 28 disorders

graph theory provides a powerful method to quantitatively describe the topological organisation of brain connectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 theory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 graph 2 theory
2 theory 3 provides
3 provides 6 method
3 provides 7 to
4 a 5 powerful
4 a 6 method
5 powerful 6 method
7 to 9 describe
8 quantitatively 9 describe
9 describe 12 organisation
10 the 12 organisation
11 topological 12 organisation
12 organisation 13 of
13 of 15 connectivity
14 brain 15 connectivity

with such a framework , the brain can be depicted as a set of nodes connected by edges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 depicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 with 4 framework
1 with 5 ,
1 with 7 brain
2 such 3 a
3 a 4 framework
6 the 7 brain
7 brain 8 can
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 depicted
10 depicted 11 as
11 as 13 set
12 a 13 set
13 set 14 of
14 of 15 nodes
15 nodes 16 connected
16 connected 17 by
17 by 18 edges

distinct modifications of network topological organisation in the brain have been identified during development and normal ageing , whereas disrupted functional and structural connectivities have been associated with several neurological and psychiatric disorders , including dementia , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , multiple sclerosis , and schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 distinct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 distinct 2 modifications
1 distinct 11 been
1 distinct 12 identified
2 modifications 3 of
2 modifications 10 have
3 of 6 organisation
4 network 6 organisation
5 topological 6 organisation
6 organisation 7 in
7 in 9 brain
8 the 9 brain
10 have 11 been
12 identified 13 during
12 identified 19 whereas
12 identified 45 and
13 during 15 and
14 development 15 and
15 and 17 ageing
15 and 18 ,
16 normal 17 ageing
19 whereas 24 connectivities
19 whereas 27 associated
20 disrupted 24 connectivities
21 functional 22 and
22 and 23 structural
22 and 24 connectivities
24 connectivities 25 have
25 have 26 been
26 been 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
27 associated 38 amyotrophic
28 with 33 disorders
29 several 33 disorders
30 neurological 31 and
31 and 32 psychiatric
31 and 33 disorders
33 disorders 35 including
34 , 35 including
35 including 36 dementia
35 including 37 ,
39 lateral 40 sclerosis
40 sclerosis 41 ,
41 , 43 sclerosis
41 , 45 and
42 multiple 43 sclerosis
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 schizophrenia

these assessments have improved understanding of the clinical manifestations noted in these patients , including disability and cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 assessments
2 assessments 3 have
3 have 5 understanding
3 have 11 in
4 improved 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 9 manifestations
7 the 9 manifestations
8 clinical 9 manifestations
9 manifestations 10 noted
11 in 17 and
12 these 13 patients
13 patients 14 ,
14 , 16 disability
14 , 17 and
15 including 16 disability
17 and 19 impairment
18 cognitive 19 impairment

future network - based research might enable indentification of different stages of disorders , subtypes for cognitive impairment , and connectivity profiles associated with different clinical outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 future 2 network
3 - 5 research
3 - 14 ,
4 based 5 research
5 research 14 ,
6 might 7 enable
6 might 14 ,
7 enable 8 indentification
8 indentification 9 of
9 of 11 stages
10 different 11 stages
11 stages 12 of
12 of 13 disorders
14 , 15 subtypes
14 , 16 for
14 , 22 profiles
16 for 20 and
17 cognitive 18 impairment
18 impairment 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 connectivity
22 profiles 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 27 outcomes
25 different 27 outcomes
26 clinical 27 outcomes

background : the challenge of immune senescence has never been addressed in elderly cancer patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 challenge
2 : 11 addressed
2 : 16 .
3 the 4 challenge
4 challenge 5 of
4 challenge 8 has
5 of 7 senescence
6 immune 7 senescence
8 has 10 been
9 never 10 been
10 been 11 addressed
11 addressed 12 in
12 in 15 patients
13 elderly 14 cancer
14 cancer 15 patients

this study compares the thymic output and peripheral blood telomere length in ≥70 [year] old cancer patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compares
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 compares
3 compares 7 and
4 the 7 and
5 thymic 6 output
6 output 7 and
7 and 11 length
7 and 12 in
8 peripheral 9 blood
9 blood 10 telomere
10 telomere 11 length
12 in 17 patients
13 ≥70 16 cancer
15 old 16 cancer
16 cancer 17 patients

patients and methods : fifty - two elderly cancer patients and 39 age - matched controls without personal history of cancer were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 11 and
4 : 14 -
5 fifty 6 -
6 - 7 two
6 - 10 patients
8 elderly 9 cancer
9 cancer 10 patients
10 patients 11 and
11 and 13 age
12 39 13 age
14 - 16 controls
14 - 22 were
14 - 24 .
15 matched 16 controls
16 controls 17 without
16 controls 22 were
17 without 19 history
18 personal 19 history
19 history 20 of
20 of 21 cancer
22 were 23 enrolled

all patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) , from which a multidimensional prognostic index ( mpi ) [score] was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 underwent
3 underwent 9 cga
4 a 9 cga
5 comprehensive 6 geriatric
6 geriatric 7 assessment
7 assessment 9 cga
8 ( 9 cga
9 cga 10 )
9 cga 12 from
11 , 12 from
12 from 13 which
12 from 17 index
12 from 23 calculated
12 from 24 .
14 a 15 multidimensional
14 a 17 index
15 multidimensional 17 index
16 prognostic 17 index
17 index 19 mpi
17 index 22 was
18 ( 19 mpi
19 mpi 20 )
22 was 23 calculated
23 calculated 24 .

peripheral blood samples were studied for naïve and recent thymic emigrant ( rte ) cd4 ( [+] [ )(and cd8 [(] [+] ) cells by flow cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 peripheral 2 blood
2 blood 3 samples
2 blood 4 were
2 blood 5 studied
3 samples 4 were
5 studied 6 for
5 studied 15 cd4
6 for 8 and
7 naïve 8 and
8 and 11 emigrant
8 and 13 rte
9 recent 11 emigrant
10 thymic 11 emigrant
12 ( 13 rte
13 rte 14 )
16 ( 19 )(and
19 )(and 24 cells
19 )(and 27 cytometry
20 cd8 23 )
20 cd8 24 cells
24 cells 25 by
24 cells 27 cytometry
25 by 26 flow

t - cell receptor rearrangement excision [circle] ( trec ) levels , telomere length and telomerase activity in peripheral blood cells were quantified by real - time pcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 t
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 t 2 -
2 - 6 excision
3 cell 4 receptor
4 receptor 6 excision
5 rearrangement 6 excision
6 excision 9 trec
6 excision 11 levels
8 ( 9 trec
9 trec 10 )
12 , 15 and
12 , 23 quantified
13 telomere 14 length
14 length 15 and
15 and 17 activity
15 and 18 in
15 and 21 cells
15 and 22 were
15 and 23 quantified
16 telomerase 17 activity
18 in 20 blood
19 peripheral 20 blood
21 cells 22 were
23 quantified 24 by
23 quantified 28 pcr
24 by 27 time
25 real 26 -
25 real 27 time

telomere lengths in peripheral blood cells were significantly shorter in cancer patients than in controls ( p=0.046 ) and did not correlate with age in patients , whereas it did in controls ( r= - 0.354 , p=0.031 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lengths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 telomere 2 lengths
2 lengths 3 in
2 lengths 19 and
3 in 6 cells
4 peripheral 5 blood
5 blood 6 cells
7 were 8 significantly
7 were 9 shorter
7 were 19 and
9 shorter 10 in
9 shorter 13 than
10 in 12 patients
11 cancer 12 patients
13 than 14 in
14 in 15 controls
15 controls 17 p=0.046
16 ( 17 p=0.046
17 p=0.046 18 )
19 and 20 did
20 did 21 not
20 did 22 correlate
22 correlate 23 with
22 correlate 25 in
22 correlate 28 whereas
23 with 24 age
25 in 26 patients
27 , 28 whereas
28 whereas 29 it
28 whereas 30 did
28 whereas 35 -
29 it 30 did
30 did 31 in
31 in 32 controls
32 controls 34 r=
33 ( 34 r=
34 r= 35 -
35 - 36 0.354
36 0.354 38 p=0.031
37 , 38 p=0.031
38 p=0.031 39 )

short telomere ( ≤median )/low trec ( ≤median ) profile was associated with higher risk of cancer ( or=3.68 [ 95 % ci 1.22 - 11.11 ] ; p=0.021 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 short
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 p=0.021
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 )(
1 short 10 profile
1 short 11 was
1 short 12 associated
2 telomere 6 trec
2 telomere 9 )
2 telomere 10 profile
3 ( 6 trec
4 ≤median 6 trec
5 )/low 6 trec
6 trec 8 ≤median
6 trec 9 )
7 ( 8 ≤median
8 ≤median 9 )
10 profile 11 was
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 risk
14 higher 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
15 risk 19 or=3.68
16 of 17 cancer
18 ( 19 or=3.68
19 or=3.68 23 ci
19 or=3.68 28 ;
20 [ 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 25 -
23 ci 27 ]
24 1.22 25 -
25 - 26 11.11
28 ; 29 p=0.021

neither unfitness on cga nor mpi score were significantly related to thymic output or telomere length in either group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neither 5 nor
2 unfitness 3 on
2 unfitness 5 nor
3 on 4 cga
5 nor 7 score
5 nor 8 were
6 mpi 7 score
8 were 10 related
9 significantly 10 related
10 related 11 to
10 related 17 in
11 to 14 or
12 thymic 13 output
13 output 14 or
14 or 16 length
15 telomere 16 length
17 in 19 group
18 either 19 group

conclusions : immune senescence is significantly worse in elderly cancer patients than in age - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 senescence
2 : 5 is
2 : 15 -
3 immune 4 senescence
4 senescence 5 is
5 is 7 worse
6 significantly 7 worse
7 worse 8 in
7 worse 12 than
8 in 11 patients
9 elderly 10 cancer
10 cancer 11 patients
12 than 13 in
13 in 14 age
15 - 17 controls
16 matched 17 controls

the low thymic output and the shorter telomeres in peripheral blood cells of cancer patients may reflect a pre - existing condition which facilitates the onset of malignancies in elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 output
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 output
2 low 4 output
3 thymic 4 output
5 and 8 telomeres
5 and 17 reflect
6 the 8 telomeres
7 shorter 8 telomeres
8 telomeres 9 in
8 telomeres 13 of
8 telomeres 16 may
9 in 12 cells
10 peripheral 11 blood
11 blood 12 cells
13 of 15 patients
14 cancer 15 patients
16 may 17 reflect
17 reflect 22 condition
17 reflect 29 in
18 a 22 condition
19 pre 20 -
19 pre 22 condition
21 existing 22 condition
22 condition 23 which
22 condition 24 facilitates
23 which 24 facilitates
24 facilitates 26 onset
25 the 26 onset
26 onset 27 of
27 of 28 malignancies
29 in 31 people
30 elderly 31 people

aim : this paper aims at supplying a scientific basis for standardizing the normal reference value of whole blood viscosity ( 230 [s] ( - 1 ) ) of chinese old women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 paper
2 : 5 aims
2 : 33 .
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 5 aims
5 aims 6 at
5 aims 11 for
5 aims 16 value
6 at 7 supplying
7 supplying 10 basis
8 a 9 scientific
8 a 10 basis
9 scientific 10 basis
11 for 12 standardizing
12 standardizing 15 reference
13 the 15 reference
14 normal 15 reference
16 value 17 of
16 value 29 of
17 of 20 viscosity
18 whole 19 blood
19 blood 20 viscosity
20 viscosity 22 230
21 ( 22 230
22 230 26 1
22 230 28 )
24 ( 26 1
25 - 26 1
26 1 27 )
29 of 32 women
30 chinese 32 women
31 old 32 women

methods : the research is made to study the relationship between the normal reference value of 6707 samples of whole blood viscosity ( 230 [s] ( - 1 ) ) of old women and seven geographical factors in 70 areas in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 4 research
2 : 6 made
3 the 4 research
4 research 5 is
5 is 6 made
6 made 7 to
6 made 38 in
7 to 8 study
8 study 10 relationship
8 study 11 between
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 15 value
12 the 15 value
13 normal 14 reference
14 reference 15 value
15 value 16 of
16 of 18 samples
17 6707 18 samples
18 samples 19 of
18 samples 31 of
19 of 22 viscosity
20 whole 22 viscosity
21 blood 22 viscosity
22 viscosity 24 230
23 ( 24 230
24 230 28 1
24 230 30 )
26 ( 28 1
27 - 28 1
28 1 29 )
31 of 34 and
32 old 33 women
33 women 34 and
34 and 37 factors
35 seven 37 factors
36 geographical 37 factors
38 in 40 areas
39 70 40 areas
40 areas 41 in
41 in 42 china

results [:] it is found that the correlation between geographical factors and the normal reference value of whole blood viscosity ( 230 [s] ( - 1 ) ) of old women is quite significant [(] f=30.137 , p=0.000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 results 3 it
1 results 4 is
1 results 5 found
3 it 4 is
5 found 6 that
5 found 8 correlation
7 the 8 correlation
8 correlation 9 between
9 between 11 factors
10 geographical 11 factors
12 and 16 value
12 and 32 is
13 the 16 value
14 normal 15 reference
15 reference 16 value
16 value 17 of
16 value 29 of
16 value 32 is
17 of 20 viscosity
18 whole 20 viscosity
19 blood 20 viscosity
20 viscosity 22 230
21 ( 22 230
22 230 26 1
22 230 28 )
24 ( 26 1
25 - 26 1
26 1 27 )
29 of 31 women
30 old 31 women
32 is 36 f=30.137
33 quite 34 significant
34 significant 36 f=30.137
36 f=30.137 38 p=0.000
37 , 38 p=0.000
38 p=0.000 39 )

according to the normal reference value of old women 's whole blood viscosity ( 230 [s] ( - 1 ) ) and geographical factors , one regression equation is inferred by using the method of enter regression analysis : ŷ=13.47+0.0006383x1 - 0.001083x2 - 0.1379x3 - 0.05098x4 - 0.0008578x5 - 0.06221x6+0.2114x7±0.55 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 enter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 normal
2 to 22 and
3 the 4 normal
5 reference 6 value
6 value 7 of
6 value 22 and
7 of 13 viscosity
8 old 9 women
9 women 10 's
10 's 13 viscosity
11 whole 13 viscosity
12 blood 13 viscosity
13 viscosity 15 230
14 ( 15 230
15 230 19 1
15 230 21 )
17 ( 19 1
18 - 19 1
19 1 20 )
22 and 24 factors
22 and 25 ,
22 and 26 one
22 and 35 of
22 and 36 enter
23 geographical 24 factors
26 one 28 equation
26 one 29 is
26 one 30 inferred
27 regression 28 equation
28 equation 29 is
30 inferred 31 by
30 inferred 34 method
31 by 32 using
33 the 34 method
34 method 35 of
36 enter 38 analysis
37 regression 38 analysis
39 : 50 0.06221x6+0.2114x7±0.55
40 ŷ=13.47+0.0006383x1 42 0.001083x2
40 ŷ=13.47+0.0006383x1 50 0.06221x6+0.2114x7±0.55
41 - 42 0.001083x2
42 0.001083x2 44 0.1379x3
42 0.001083x2 46 0.05098x4
42 0.001083x2 49 -
43 - 44 0.1379x3
44 0.1379x3 45 -
45 - 46 0.05098x4
46 0.05098x4 48 0.0008578x5
46 0.05098x4 49 -
47 - 48 0.0008578x5
48 0.0008578x5 49 -

conclusion : if geographical values are obtained in a certain area , the normal reference value of whole blood viscosity ( 230 [s] ( - 1 ) ) of old women in this area can be obtained by using the regression equation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 if
2 : 7 obtained
3 if 5 values
3 if 6 are
4 geographical 5 values
5 values 6 are
7 obtained 8 in
8 in 11 area
9 a 10 certain
9 a 11 area
10 certain 11 area
12 , 36 be
13 the 16 value
14 normal 15 reference
15 reference 16 value
16 value 17 of
16 value 29 of
16 value 32 in
16 value 35 can
17 of 20 viscosity
18 whole 19 blood
19 blood 20 viscosity
20 viscosity 22 230
21 ( 22 230
22 230 26 1
22 230 28 )
24 ( 26 1
25 - 26 1
26 1 27 )
29 of 31 women
30 old 31 women
32 in 34 area
33 this 34 area
35 can 36 be
36 be 37 obtained
37 obtained 38 by
38 by 39 using
39 using 42 equation
40 the 42 equation
41 regression 42 equation

furthermore , according to the geographical factors , china can be divided into eight regions : northeast china region , north china region , shanxi - shaanxi - inner mongolia region , middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river region , southeast china region , northwest china region , southwest china region and qinghai - tibet plateau region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 china
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 furthermore 9 china
2 , 4 to
3 according 4 to
4 to 7 factors
4 to 8 ,
4 to 9 china
5 the 7 factors
6 geographical 7 factors
9 china 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 divided
12 divided 13 into
13 into 15 regions
14 eight 15 regions
16 : 19 region
16 : 56 -
17 northeast 18 china
18 china 19 region
19 region 23 region
19 region 25 shanxi
19 region 31 region
20 , 23 region
21 north 22 china
22 china 23 region
23 region 24 ,
24 , 25 shanxi
25 shanxi 27 shaanxi
25 shanxi 28 -
26 - 27 shaanxi
27 shaanxi 28 -
28 - 31 region
29 inner 31 region
30 mongolia 31 region
31 region 36 reaches
31 region 56 -
32 , 36 reaches
33 middle 34 and
34 and 35 lower
34 and 36 reaches
36 reaches 37 of
36 reaches 49 region
36 reaches 56 -
37 of 41 region
38 the 41 region
39 yangtze 40 river
40 river 41 region
41 region 45 region
42 , 45 region
43 southeast 44 china
44 china 45 region
45 region 46 ,
46 , 49 region
47 northwest 48 china
48 china 49 region
49 region 55 qinghai
49 region 56 -
50 , 55 qinghai
51 southwest 52 china
52 china 53 region
53 region 54 and
54 and 55 qinghai
55 qinghai 56 -
56 - 59 region
57 tibet 58 plateau
58 plateau 59 region

ethnopharmacological relevance : rehmannia six formula ( r6 , chinese name [is] liu wei di huang wan ) is one of the most important classic chinese medicine formula used to treat metabolic disorders related to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 ethnopharmacological 2 relevance
3 : 6 formula
3 : 19 is
3 : 34 related
4 rehmannia 5 six
5 six 6 formula
6 formula 8 r6
6 formula 17 wan
6 formula 19 is
7 ( 8 r6
8 r6 9 ,
9 , 17 wan
10 chinese 11 name
11 name 17 wan
13 liu 14 wei
14 wei 15 di
15 di 16 huang
16 huang 17 wan
17 wan 18 )
19 is 20 one
20 one 21 of
20 one 29 used
21 of 28 formula
22 the 28 formula
23 most 24 important
24 important 25 classic
25 classic 28 formula
26 chinese 28 formula
27 medicine 28 formula
29 used 30 to
29 used 34 related
30 to 31 treat
32 metabolic 33 disorders
33 disorders 34 related
34 related 35 to
35 to 36 aging

it was first reported in the chinese medicine book titled ['] xiao er yao zheng zhi jue by qian yi ' ( chinese song dynasty [:] 1035 - 1117 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 first
2 was 4 reported
4 reported 5 in
5 in 17 jue
6 the 14 yao
7 chinese 10 titled
8 medicine 10 titled
9 book 10 titled
10 titled 14 yao
12 xiao 13 er
13 er 14 yao
14 yao 17 jue
15 zheng 16 zhi
16 zhi 17 jue
17 jue 18 by
17 jue 25 dynasty
18 by 21 '
19 qian 20 yi
20 yi 21 '
22 ( 25 dynasty
23 chinese 25 dynasty
24 song 25 dynasty
25 dynasty 28 -
25 dynasty 30 )
27 1035 28 -
28 - 29 1117

in modern times it is therefore often used to treat diabetes , pre - diabetes , fatigue and people [with] metabolic syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 times
1 in 4 it
2 modern 3 times
4 it 5 is
5 is 8 used
6 therefore 8 used
7 often 8 used
8 used 9 to
9 to 18 and
10 treat 11 diabetes
11 diabetes 12 ,
12 , 15 diabetes
12 , 16 ,
13 pre 14 -
13 pre 15 diabetes
16 , 17 fatigue
16 , 18 and
18 and 22 syndrome
19 people 22 syndrome
21 metabolic 22 syndrome

the aim of this study is to measure changes in symptoms , clinical parameters and serum metabolite profiles during r6 treatment of human subjects with features of metabolic syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 10 in
7 to 9 changes
8 measure 9 changes
10 in 11 symptoms
12 , 29 syndrome
13 clinical 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 and
15 and 16 serum
15 and 17 metabolite
15 and 27 of
15 and 29 syndrome
17 metabolite 18 profiles
18 profiles 19 during
18 profiles 21 treatment
18 profiles 25 with
19 during 20 r6
21 treatment 22 of
22 of 24 subjects
23 human 24 subjects
25 with 26 features
26 features 27 of
28 metabolic 29 syndrome

materials and methods : symptoms , clinical parameters and serum metabolites were measured before and after 4 and 8 weeks of r6 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 9 and
4 : 13 measured
5 symptoms 6 ,
6 , 8 parameters
6 , 9 and
7 clinical 8 parameters
9 and 11 metabolites
9 and 12 were
10 serum 11 metabolites
12 were 13 measured
13 measured 15 and
14 before 15 and
15 and 16 after
16 after 20 weeks
17 4 18 and
18 and 19 8
18 and 20 weeks
20 weeks 21 of
21 of 23 treatment
22 r6 23 treatment

nonlinear principal component analysis was applied for the first time to conduct an integrated analysis of the three data sets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 nonlinear 2 principal
2 principal 3 component
3 component 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 applied
6 applied 7 for
7 for 10 time
8 the 9 first
8 the 10 time
10 time 11 to
10 time 20 sets
11 to 12 conduct
12 conduct 15 analysis
13 an 15 analysis
14 integrated 15 analysis
15 analysis 16 of
16 of 18 three
17 the 18 three
18 three 19 data
18 three 20 sets
19 data 20 sets

correlation structures were compared before treatment and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 structures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 correlation 2 structures
2 structures 3 were
3 were 4 compared
4 compared 7 and
5 before 6 treatment
5 before 7 and
7 and 8 after
8 after 12 weeks
9 4 10 and
10 and 11 8
10 and 12 weeks
12 weeks 13 of
13 of 14 treatment

additionally , a state space grid approach was used to study personalized changes in symptom profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 7 approach
3 a 7 approach
4 state 5 space
5 space 6 grid
6 grid 7 approach
7 approach 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 study
10 to 11 study
11 study 13 changes
11 study 14 in
12 personalized 13 changes
14 in 16 profiles
15 symptom 16 profiles

results : the symptoms ' hectic fever ['] and ['] spontaneous sweating ['] were found to be most relieved during r6 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 9 and
2 : 17 be
3 the 4 symptoms
4 symptoms 5 '
5 ' 7 fever
6 hectic 7 fever
7 fever 9 and
9 and 11 spontaneous
9 and 12 sweating
9 and 14 were
14 were 15 found
15 found 16 to
16 to 17 be
17 be 18 most
18 most 19 relieved
19 relieved 20 during
20 during 22 treatment
21 r6 22 treatment

most of the symptoms were less correlated with other variables after 8 weeks of r6 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 4 symptoms
2 of 4 symptoms
3 the 4 symptoms
4 symptoms 5 were
5 were 6 less
5 were 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
7 correlated 11 after
8 with 10 variables
9 other 10 variables
11 after 13 weeks
12 8 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 of
14 of 16 treatment
15 r6 16 treatment

ldl - c , total cholesterol , systolic blood pressure and waist size were found to decrease during r6 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ldl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 - 3 c
2 - 4 ,
4 , 11 and
4 , 15 found
5 total 6 cholesterol
6 cholesterol 7 ,
7 , 10 pressure
7 , 11 and
8 systolic 9 blood
9 blood 10 pressure
11 and 13 size
11 and 14 were
12 waist 13 size
14 were 15 found
15 found 16 to
16 to 17 decrease
17 decrease 18 during
18 during 20 treatment
19 r6 20 treatment

additionally , 10 of the 15 measured phosphatidylcholines were found to decrease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 10
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 10
3 10 4 of
3 10 9 were
4 of 8 phosphatidylcholines
5 the 6 15
6 15 8 phosphatidylcholines
7 measured 8 phosphatidylcholines
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 to
11 to 12 decrease

personalized symptom profiles [as] described by chinese medical terms show that most yin deficiencies are addressed first by r6 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 profiles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 personalized 2 symptom
2 symptom 3 profiles
3 profiles 5 described
3 profiles 10 show
5 described 6 by
6 by 9 terms
7 chinese 9 terms
8 medical 9 terms
10 show 11 that
11 that 14 deficiencies
11 that 16 addressed
12 most 14 deficiencies
13 yin 14 deficiencies
14 deficiencies 15 are
15 are 16 addressed
16 addressed 17 first
16 addressed 18 by
18 by 20 treatment
19 r6 20 treatment

however , in subjects [with] reduced or less yin deficiency [but] which do have a substantial qi deficiency a reduction of qi deficiency is subsequently observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 20 reduction
3 in 7 or
3 in 20 reduction
4 subjects 6 reduced
4 subjects 7 or
7 or 10 deficiency
7 or 12 which
7 or 13 do
8 less 10 deficiency
9 yin 10 deficiency
12 which 13 do
13 do 14 have
14 have 18 deficiency
15 a 16 substantial
15 a 18 deficiency
16 substantial 18 deficiency
17 qi 18 deficiency
19 a 20 reduction
20 reduction 21 of
20 reduction 24 is
21 of 23 deficiency
22 qi 23 deficiency
24 is 26 observed
25 subsequently 26 observed

conclusions : r6 treatment was shown to improve the lipid profile indicating a reduction of cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 r6
3 r6 4 treatment
3 r6 6 shown
4 treatment 5 was
5 was 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
7 to 8 improve
8 improve 11 profile
9 the 11 profile
10 lipid 11 profile
11 profile 12 indicating
11 profile 15 of
12 indicating 14 reduction
13 a 14 reduction
15 of 17 risk
16 cardiovascular 17 risk

additionally , the changes observed in correlation structure indicate a different angle of looking at treatment effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 changes
3 the 4 changes
4 changes 5 observed
4 changes 9 indicate
5 observed 6 in
6 in 8 structure
7 correlation 8 structure
9 indicate 12 angle
10 a 12 angle
11 different 12 angle
12 angle 13 of
13 of 14 looking
14 looking 15 at
15 at 17 effects
16 treatment 17 effects

less strong correlations between symptoms and metabolites suggest a healthier situation after r6 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 less 2 strong
2 strong 3 correlations
3 correlations 4 between
3 correlations 8 suggest
4 between 6 and
5 symptoms 6 and
6 and 7 metabolites
8 suggest 11 situation
8 suggest 12 after
9 a 11 situation
10 healthier 11 situation
12 after 14 treatment
13 r6 14 treatment

a state space grid analysis showed that the effect of r6 was different for the yin deficiency subjects and the qi deficiency subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 5 analysis
2 state 3 space
3 space 4 grid
4 grid 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
7 that 9 effect
7 that 23 subjects
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
9 effect 12 was
10 of 11 r6
12 was 13 different
13 different 14 for
14 for 19 and
15 the 18 subjects
16 yin 17 deficiency
17 deficiency 18 subjects
18 subjects 19 and
19 and 21 qi
19 and 22 deficiency
19 and 23 subjects
20 the 21 qi
22 deficiency 23 subjects

the observed decrease of yin deficiency related symptoms is in agreement with the use of r6 in chinese medicine to nourish yin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 decrease
2 observed 3 decrease
3 decrease 4 of
3 decrease 9 is
4 of 8 symptoms
5 yin 7 related
6 deficiency 7 related
7 related 8 symptoms
9 is 10 in
9 is 20 to
9 is 21 nourish
10 in 11 agreement
11 agreement 12 with
12 with 14 use
13 the 14 use
14 use 15 of
15 of 16 r6
16 r6 17 in
17 in 19 medicine
18 chinese 19 medicine
20 to 21 nourish
21 nourish 22 yin

observing individual differences in treatment effects is therefore an essential step in the development of personalized medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 observing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 observing 3 differences
1 observing 4 in
1 observing 7 is
2 individual 3 differences
4 in 6 effects
5 treatment 6 effects
7 is 8 therefore
7 is 11 step
9 an 10 essential
9 an 11 step
10 essential 11 step
11 step 12 in
12 in 14 development
13 the 14 development
14 development 15 of
15 of 17 medicine
16 personalized 17 medicine

aim : the purpose of this study was to determine an optimal cut - off point of skeletal muscle mass , using appendicular lean body mass [(] lbm ) index , that identifies at risk individuals [with] deteriorated insulin sensitivity , using an established quantitative insulin sensitivity index ( quicki [ )(cut [-] off . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 14 -
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 7 study
4 purpose 10 determine
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 13 cut
11 an 13 cut
12 optimal 13 cut
14 - 20 mass
14 - 21 ,
15 off 16 point
15 off 20 mass
16 point 17 of
17 of 19 muscle
18 skeletal 19 muscle
21 , 30 index
22 using 28 lbm
22 using 29 )
22 using 30 index
23 appendicular 25 body
24 lean 25 body
25 body 28 lbm
26 mass 28 lbm
30 index 32 that
30 index 33 identifies
30 index 38 deteriorated
31 , 32 that
32 that 33 identifies
33 identifies 34 at
33 identifies 36 individuals
34 at 35 risk
38 deteriorated 40 sensitivity
38 deteriorated 42 using
39 insulin 40 sensitivity
41 , 42 using
42 using 48 index
43 an 48 index
44 established 46 insulin
45 quantitative 46 insulin
46 insulin 47 sensitivity
47 sensitivity 48 index
48 index 50 quicki
49 ( 50 quicki
50 quicki 52 )(cut
50 quicki 55 .
52 )(cut 54 off

methods : we performed a cross - sectional analysis in 231 lean and obese ( bmi : 18.7 - 51.0 kg / [m] ( 2 ) ) menopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
2 : 7 -
2 : 30 .
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 6 cross
5 a 6 cross
7 - 13 and
8 sectional 9 analysis
9 analysis 10 in
9 analysis 13 and
10 in 12 lean
11 231 12 lean
13 and 29 women
14 obese 22 /
14 obese 27 )
14 obese 29 women
15 ( 22 /
16 bmi 17 :
17 : 19 -
18 18.7 19 -
19 - 20 51.0
20 51.0 21 kg
21 kg 22 /
22 / 25 2
22 / 26 )
24 ( 25 2
25 2 26 )
28 menopausal 29 women

fasting plasma glucose and insulin were obtained to calculate quicki as an index of insulin sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 fasting 2 plasma
2 plasma 3 glucose
3 glucose 4 and
4 and 5 insulin
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 to
8 to 9 calculate
9 calculate 10 quicki
9 calculate 11 as
11 as 13 index
12 an 13 index
13 index 14 of
14 of 16 sensitivity
15 insulin 16 sensitivity

skeletal muscle [mass] was measured as appendicular lbm by dxa and expressed as appendicular lbm index [ appendicular lbm ( [kg] )/height [(] [m] ( 2 ) ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 skeletal 2 muscle
2 muscle 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 as
5 measured 9 by
6 as 8 lbm
7 appendicular 8 lbm
9 by 11 and
10 dxa 11 and
11 and 16 index
11 and 19 lbm
12 expressed 16 index
13 as 14 appendicular
14 appendicular 16 index
15 lbm 16 index
17 [ 19 lbm
18 appendicular 19 lbm
19 lbm 22 )/height
19 lbm 29 ]
20 ( 22 )/height
22 )/height 26 2
22 )/height 28 )
25 ( 26 2
26 2 27 )

cut - offs were determined using receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curve analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 offs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 cut 2 -
1 cut 3 offs
3 offs 4 were
4 were 5 determined
5 determined 6 using
6 using 14 analyses
7 receiver 8 operating
8 operating 13 curve
9 characteristic 11 roc
9 characteristic 13 curve
10 ( 11 roc
11 roc 12 )
13 curve 14 analyses

conclusion : our results suggest that sedentary postmenopausal women with an appendicular skeletal muscle mass index above 7.025 kg/m ( 2 ) may be at greater risk of insulin resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 31 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 9 women
5 suggest 24 be
6 that 7 sedentary
7 sedentary 9 women
8 postmenopausal 9 women
9 women 10 with
9 women 23 may
10 with 16 index
11 an 12 appendicular
11 an 16 index
12 appendicular 14 muscle
13 skeletal 14 muscle
14 muscle 16 index
15 mass 16 index
16 index 17 above
16 index 21 2
17 above 19 kg/m
18 7.025 19 kg/m
20 ( 21 2
21 2 22 )
23 may 24 be
24 be 25 at
25 at 27 risk
26 greater 27 risk
27 risk 28 of
28 of 30 resistance
29 insulin 30 resistance

prospective studies are needed to validate our result . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 prospective 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 validate
6 validate 8 result
7 our 8 result

objective : diabetes among older adults causes many complications , including decreased lower - extremity function and physical disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 diabetes
2 : 7 causes
3 diabetes 4 among
3 diabetes 7 causes
4 among 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
7 causes 17 and
8 many 9 complications
9 complications 10 ,
10 , 16 function
10 , 17 and
11 including 12 decreased
12 decreased 15 extremity
13 lower 14 -
13 lower 15 extremity
15 extremity 16 function
17 and 19 disability
18 physical 19 disability

diabetes can cause peripheral nerve dysfunction , which might be one pathway through which diabetes leads [to] decreased physical function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 diabetes 2 can
2 can 3 cause
3 cause 6 dysfunction
4 peripheral 6 dysfunction
5 nerve 6 dysfunction
7 , 8 which
7 , 10 be
8 which 9 might
9 might 10 be
10 be 12 pathway
11 one 12 pathway
12 pathway 13 through
13 through 14 which
13 through 15 diabetes
13 through 16 leads
13 through 20 function
14 which 15 diabetes
16 leads 18 decreased
16 leads 20 function
18 decreased 19 physical

the study aims were to determine the following [:] ( 1 ) whether diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are associated with objective measures of physical function in older adults , [(] [2] [ )(which peripheral nerve function ( pnf ) tests are associated with diabetes , [and] [(] 3 ) whether pnf mediates the diabetes - physical function relationship . 
1 the 3 aims
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 were
4 were 5 to
4 were 6 determine
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 8 following
6 determine 13 whether
7 the 8 following
8 following 11 1
10 ( 11 1
11 1 12 )
13 whether 15 and
13 whether 20 associated
14 diabetes 15 and
15 and 18 glucose
15 and 19 are
16 impaired 18 glucose
17 fasting 18 glucose
19 are 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
20 associated 27 in
21 with 23 measures
22 objective 23 measures
23 measures 24 of
24 of 26 function
25 physical 26 function
27 in 29 adults
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 34 )(which
30 , 34 )(which
34 )(which 42 are
35 peripheral 37 function
36 nerve 37 function
37 function 39 pnf
37 function 41 tests
38 ( 39 pnf
39 pnf 40 )
41 tests 42 are
42 are 43 associated
43 associated 44 with
43 associated 51 whether
44 with 45 diabetes
45 diabetes 49 3
46 , 49 3
49 3 50 )
51 whether 52 pnf
51 whether 53 mediates
52 pnf 53 mediates
53 mediates 55 diabetes
54 the 55 diabetes
55 diabetes 59 relationship
56 - 59 relationship
57 physical 58 function
58 function 59 relationship
59 relationship 60 .

research design and methods : this study included 983 participants , age 65 years and older from the inchianti study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 research 2 design
2 design 3 and
3 and 4 methods
5 : 20 study
6 this 20 study
7 study 8 included
8 included 20 study
9 983 10 participants
10 participants 11 ,
11 , 14 years
11 , 15 and
12 age 14 years
13 65 14 years
15 and 16 older
15 and 20 study
16 older 17 from
17 from 19 inchianti
18 the 19 inchianti

diabetes was diagnosed by clinical guidelines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 diabetes 2 was
2 was 3 diagnosed
3 diagnosed 4 by
4 by 6 guidelines
5 clinical 6 guidelines

physical performance was assessed using the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) , scored from 0 to 12 ( higher values , better physical function [ )(and usual walking speed ( [m] / [s] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 physical 2 performance
2 performance 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 12 sppb
6 the 12 sppb
7 short 8 physical
8 physical 9 performance
9 performance 10 battery
10 battery 12 sppb
11 ( 12 sppb
12 sppb 13 )
12 sppb 15 scored
14 , 15 scored
15 scored 16 from
15 scored 18 to
15 scored 36 )
16 from 17 0
18 to 19 12
19 12 28 )(and
20 ( 28 )(and
21 higher 22 values
22 values 23 ,
23 , 26 function
23 , 28 )(and
24 better 26 function
25 physical 26 function
28 )(and 29 usual
28 )(and 30 walking
28 )(and 36 )
30 walking 31 speed
31 speed 34 /
32 ( 34 /
34 / 36 )

pnf was assessed via standard surface electroneurographic study of right peroneal nerve conduction velocity , vibration and touch sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pnf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 pnf 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 via
4 via 17 and
5 standard 8 study
6 surface 8 study
7 electroneurographic 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 15 ,
9 of 14 velocity
10 right 12 nerve
11 peroneal 12 nerve
12 nerve 14 velocity
13 conduction 14 velocity
15 , 16 vibration
15 , 17 and
17 and 19 sensitivity
18 touch 19 sensitivity

clinical cutpoints of pnf tests were used to create a neuropathy score from 0 to 5 ( higher values , greater neuropathy ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cutpoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 clinical 2 cutpoints
2 cutpoints 3 of
2 cutpoints 7 used
2 cutpoints 12 score
3 of 4 pnf
4 pnf 5 tests
4 pnf 6 were
5 tests 6 were
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 create
8 to 9 create
9 create 11 neuropathy
10 a 11 neuropathy
12 score 15 to
13 from 15 to
14 0 15 to
15 to 16 5
15 to 19 values
17 ( 19 values
18 higher 19 values
19 values 22 neuropathy
19 values 23 )
20 , 22 neuropathy
21 greater 22 neuropathy
22 neuropathy 23 )

multiple linear regression models were used to test associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 test
7 to 8 test
8 test 9 associations

results and conclusion : one hundred twenty - six ( 12.8 % ) [participants] had diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 conclusion
4 : 7 twenty
4 : 15 had
4 : 17 .
5 one 6 hundred
6 hundred 7 twenty
7 twenty 9 six
7 twenty 15 had
8 - 9 six
9 six 12 %
9 six 13 )
10 ( 12 %
11 12.8 12 %
12 % 13 )
15 had 16 diabetes

adjusting for nerve conduction velocity and neuropathy score decreased the effect of diabetes on sppb by 20 % , suggesting partial mediation through decreased pnf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjusting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decreased
1 adjusting 2 for
1 adjusting 9 decreased
2 for 6 and
3 nerve 5 velocity
4 conduction 5 velocity
5 velocity 6 and
6 and 8 score
7 neuropathy 8 score
9 decreased 11 effect
9 decreased 14 on
9 decreased 16 by
10 the 11 effect
11 effect 12 of
12 of 13 diabetes
14 on 15 sppb
16 by 18 %
17 20 18 %
18 % 20 suggesting
19 , 20 suggesting
20 suggesting 22 mediation
20 suggesting 23 through
20 suggesting 26 .
21 partial 22 mediation
23 through 25 pnf
24 decreased 25 pnf

language acquisition has long been discussed as an interaction between biological preconditions and environmental input . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acquisition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 language 2 acquisition
2 acquisition 3 has
3 has 5 been
4 long 5 been
5 been 6 discussed
6 discussed 7 as
6 discussed 10 between
7 as 9 interaction
8 an 9 interaction
10 between 13 and
11 biological 12 preconditions
12 preconditions 13 and
13 and 15 input
14 environmental 15 input

this general interaction seems particularly salient in lexical acquisition , where infants are already able to detect unknown words in sentences at 7 months of age , guided by phonological and statistical information in the speech input . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seems
1 this 3 interaction
2 general 3 interaction
3 interaction 4 seems
4 seems 6 salient
5 particularly 6 salient
6 salient 7 in
6 salient 28 guided
7 in 9 acquisition
8 lexical 9 acquisition
9 acquisition 11 where
10 , 11 where
11 where 12 infants
11 where 17 detect
11 where 27 ,
12 infants 13 are
13 are 14 already
13 are 15 able
15 able 16 to
16 to 17 detect
17 detect 19 words
18 unknown 19 words
19 words 20 in
19 words 25 of
20 in 21 sentences
21 sentences 22 at
22 at 24 months
23 7 24 months
25 of 26 age
27 , 28 guided
28 guided 29 by
28 guided 38 .
29 by 33 information
30 phonological 31 and
31 and 32 statistical
31 and 33 information
33 information 34 in
34 in 37 input
35 the 37 input
36 speech 37 input

while this information results from the linguistic structure of a given language , infants also exploit situational information , such as speakers ' additional word accentuation and word repetition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 infants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 exploit
1 while 3 information
1 while 4 results
1 while 13 ,
1 while 14 infants
2 this 3 information
3 information 4 results
4 results 5 from
5 from 8 structure
6 the 8 structure
7 linguistic 8 structure
8 structure 9 of
9 of 12 language
10 a 12 language
11 given 12 language
14 infants 16 exploit
15 also 16 exploit
16 exploit 18 information
17 situational 18 information
18 information 21 as
19 , 21 as
20 such 21 as
21 as 27 and
21 as 30 .
22 speakers 23 '
23 ' 26 accentuation
24 additional 25 word
25 word 26 accentuation
26 accentuation 27 and
27 and 29 repetition
28 word 29 repetition

the current study investigated the developmental trajectory of infants ' sensitivity to these two situational input cues in word recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 7 trajectory
4 investigated 12 to
4 investigated 18 in
5 the 7 trajectory
6 developmental 7 trajectory
7 trajectory 8 of
8 of 11 sensitivity
9 infants 10 '
10 ' 11 sensitivity
12 to 17 cues
13 these 14 two
14 two 17 cues
15 situational 16 input
16 input 17 cues
18 in 20 recognition
19 word 20 recognition

testing infants at 6 , 9 , and 12 months of age , we hypothesized that different age groups are differentially sensitive to accentuation and repetition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 testing 8 and
1 testing 13 ,
1 testing 14 we
2 infants 3 at
2 infants 8 and
3 at 4 6
4 6 6 9
5 , 6 9
6 9 7 ,
8 and 10 months
8 and 11 of
9 12 10 months
11 of 12 age
14 we 15 hypothesized
15 hypothesized 19 groups
15 hypothesized 20 are
16 that 17 different
17 different 19 groups
18 age 19 groups
19 groups 20 are
20 are 21 differentially
20 are 22 sensitive
22 sensitive 23 to
23 to 25 and
24 accentuation 25 and
25 and 26 repetition

in [a] familiarization - test paradigm , event - related brain potentials ( erps ) revealed age - related differences in infants ' word recognition as a function of situational input cues : at 6 months infants only recognized previously accentuated words , at 9 months both accentuation and repetition played a role , while at 12 months only repetition was effective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 familiarization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 in 3 familiarization
4 - 6 paradigm
4 - 7 ,
4 - 33 :
5 test 6 paradigm
7 , 8 event
7 , 9 -
9 - 11 brain
10 related 11 brain
11 brain 12 potentials
11 brain 16 revealed
11 brain 20 differences
12 potentials 14 erps
12 potentials 16 revealed
13 ( 14 erps
14 erps 15 )
16 revealed 17 age
18 - 20 differences
19 related 20 differences
20 differences 21 in
20 differences 29 of
20 differences 33 :
21 in 25 recognition
22 infants 23 '
23 ' 25 recognition
24 word 25 recognition
25 recognition 26 as
26 as 28 function
27 a 28 function
29 of 32 cues
30 situational 31 input
31 input 32 cues
33 : 37 infants
33 : 41 accentuated
33 : 54 ,
34 at 35 6
34 at 37 infants
36 months 37 infants
37 infants 39 recognized
37 infants 41 accentuated
38 only 39 recognized
40 previously 41 accentuated
41 accentuated 42 words
41 accentuated 44 at
43 , 44 at
44 at 46 months
44 at 54 ,
45 9 46 months
46 months 49 and
46 months 51 played
47 both 49 and
48 accentuation 49 and
49 and 50 repetition
49 and 51 played
51 played 53 role
52 a 53 role
54 , 59 only
54 , 61 was
55 while 56 at
55 while 59 only
56 at 58 months
57 12 58 months
59 only 60 repetition
60 repetition 61 was
61 was 62 effective

these developmental changes are suggested to result from infants ' advancing linguistic experience and parallel auditory cortex maturation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 3 changes
2 developmental 3 changes
3 changes 4 are
4 are 5 suggested
5 suggested 6 to
6 to 7 result
7 result 8 from
8 from 14 and
9 infants 10 '
10 ' 13 experience
11 advancing 13 experience
12 linguistic 13 experience
13 experience 14 and
14 and 18 maturation
15 parallel 18 maturation
16 auditory 17 cortex
17 cortex 18 maturation

our data indicate very narrow [and] specific input - sensitive periods in infant word recognition , with accentuation being effective prior to repetition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 indicate
3 indicate 8 input
3 indicate 17 with
3 indicate 22 to
4 very 5 narrow
5 narrow 8 input
7 specific 8 input
8 input 11 periods
9 - 11 periods
10 sensitive 11 periods
11 periods 12 in
11 periods 16 ,
12 in 15 recognition
13 infant 14 word
14 word 15 recognition
17 with 18 accentuation
18 accentuation 19 being
19 being 20 effective
21 prior 22 to
22 to 23 repetition

methods : two hundred eighty older subjects with subjective complaints of memory loss and no previous stroke ( mean age 78.3 ± 6.3 years ) were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 7 subjects
2 : 27 studied
3 two 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 eighty
5 eighty 7 subjects
6 older 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 with
7 subjects 11 of
7 subjects 26 were
8 with 10 complaints
9 subjective 10 complaints
11 of 14 and
12 memory 13 loss
13 loss 14 and
14 and 17 stroke
14 and 24 years
15 no 17 stroke
16 previous 17 stroke
18 ( 24 years
19 mean 20 age
20 age 24 years
21 78.3 22 ±
22 ± 24 years
23 6.3 24 years
24 years 25 )
26 were 27 studied

global [cognitive] [function] was evaluated with the mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 global
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 global 4 was
4 was 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 with
6 with 8 mini
7 the 8 mini
8 mini 14 mmse
9 - 14 mmse
10 mental 11 state
11 state 12 examination
12 examination 14 mmse
13 ( 14 mmse
14 mmse 15 )

cognitive impairment was defined as a mmse < 21 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 cognitive 2 impairment
1 cognitive 3 was
1 cognitive 4 defined
2 impairment 3 was
4 defined 5 as
4 defined 9 21
5 as 7 mmse
6 a 7 mmse
8 < 9 21

we measured [:] traditional cv risk factors [;] aorta stiffness ( pulse wave velocity , pwv ) ; [lv] mass ; presence of wml at neuroimaging [;] episodes of hypotension [(] sbp < 100 mmhg during 24 [h] ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 )(
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 10 stiffness
4 traditional 10 stiffness
5 cv 9 aorta
6 risk 7 factors
7 factors 9 aorta
9 aorta 10 stiffness
10 stiffness 14 velocity
11 ( 14 velocity
12 pulse 13 wave
13 wave 14 velocity
14 velocity 16 pwv
14 velocity 18 ;
15 , 16 pwv
16 pwv 17 )
18 ; 20 mass
18 ; 21 ;
21 ; 22 presence
21 ; 33 <
22 presence 23 of
22 presence 25 at
22 presence 33 <
23 of 24 wml
25 at 28 episodes
26 neuroimaging 28 episodes
28 episodes 29 of
29 of 32 sbp
30 hypotension 32 sbp
33 < 35 mmhg
34 100 35 mmhg
35 mmhg 36 during
36 during 42 monitoring
37 24 42 monitoring
39 ambulatory 40 blood
40 blood 41 pressure
41 pressure 42 monitoring

results : in both cross - sectional and longitudinal analyses pwv , wml , and episodes of hypotension were significantly associated with poorer cognitive [function] - controlling for age , sex , education , depression , traditional cv risk factors , and medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 5 cross
2 : 6 -
3 in 4 both
3 in 5 cross
6 - 8 and
7 sectional 8 and
8 and 9 longitudinal
8 and 10 analyses
8 and 21 associated
10 analyses 15 and
10 analyses 19 were
10 analyses 21 associated
11 pwv 13 wml
12 , 13 wml
13 wml 14 ,
13 wml 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 episodes
15 and 17 of
15 and 19 were
17 of 18 hypotension
20 significantly 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 27 controlling
22 with 28 for
23 poorer 27 controlling
24 cognitive 26 -
24 cognitive 27 controlling
28 for 42 and
29 age 30 ,
30 , 31 sex
30 , 32 ,
32 , 33 education
32 , 34 ,
34 , 35 depression
34 , 36 ,
36 , 40 factors
36 , 42 and
37 traditional 40 factors
38 cv 40 factors
39 risk 40 factors
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 medications

lv [mass] was no longer associated with cognition in multiple regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 lv 3 was
3 was 6 associated
4 no 5 longer
5 longer 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 9 in
7 with 8 cognition
9 in 11 regression
10 multiple 11 regression

older subjects with stiffer arteries or episodes of hypotension presented [a] 4 - fold and [an] 11 - fold , respectively , greater odds for progression from normal cognitive function [to] cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 older 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 with
2 subjects 10 presented
3 with 6 or
4 stiffer 5 arteries
5 arteries 6 or
6 or 7 episodes
6 or 8 of
8 of 9 hypotension
10 presented 12 4
13 - 14 fold
13 - 15 and
13 - 34 .
15 and 17 11
15 and 18 -
17 11 18 -
18 - 19 fold
19 fold 21 respectively
19 fold 24 odds
20 , 21 respectively
21 respectively 22 ,
23 greater 24 odds
24 odds 25 for
25 for 26 progression
26 progression 27 from
27 from 33 impairment
28 normal 30 function
29 cognitive 30 function
30 function 33 impairment
32 cognitive 33 impairment

a synergistic effect between pwv , wml , and hypotension was observed : the occurrence of any two of pwv , wml , or hypotension was accompanied by lower mmse ; in the presence of all three factors , a further significant decline [in] cognitive function was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 a 2 synergistic
1 a 3 effect
2 synergistic 3 effect
3 effect 4 between
3 effect 11 was
4 between 9 and
5 pwv 7 wml
6 , 7 wml
7 wml 8 ,
7 wml 9 and
9 and 10 hypotension
11 was 12 observed
13 : 15 occurrence
13 : 27 accompanied
13 : 31 ;
14 the 15 occurrence
15 occurrence 16 of
15 occurrence 26 was
16 of 18 two
17 any 18 two
18 two 19 of
19 of 24 or
20 pwv 22 wml
20 pwv 24 or
21 , 22 wml
22 wml 23 ,
24 or 25 hypotension
26 was 27 accompanied
27 accompanied 28 by
28 by 30 mmse
29 lower 30 mmse
31 ; 46 function
31 ; 48 observed
32 in 34 presence
32 in 39 ,
32 in 46 function
33 the 34 presence
34 presence 35 of
35 of 38 factors
36 all 37 three
37 three 38 factors
40 a 46 function
41 further 43 decline
42 significant 43 decline
43 decline 46 function
45 cognitive 46 function
46 function 47 was
47 was 48 observed

interpretation : systemic hemodynamic parameters ( higher pwv and hypotension ) together with cerebral microvascular damage ( wml ) are significantly associated [with] poorer [cognitive] [function] and may identify older subjects with subjective complaints of memory loss at higher risk [of] cognitive [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 parameters
2 : 29 identify
2 : 44 .
3 systemic 5 parameters
4 hemodynamic 5 parameters
5 parameters 9 and
5 parameters 20 are
6 ( 9 and
7 higher 8 pwv
8 pwv 9 and
9 and 10 hypotension
9 and 11 )
9 and 13 with
9 and 18 wml
9 and 19 )
12 together 13 with
13 with 16 damage
14 cerebral 16 damage
15 microvascular 16 damage
17 ( 18 wml
18 wml 19 )
20 are 27 and
21 significantly 27 and
22 associated 24 poorer
22 associated 27 and
27 and 28 may
28 may 29 identify
29 identify 31 subjects
29 identify 32 with
30 older 31 subjects
32 with 34 complaints
32 with 42 cognitive
33 subjective 34 complaints
34 complaints 35 of
34 complaints 38 at
35 of 37 loss
36 memory 37 loss
38 at 40 risk
39 higher 40 risk

background : we conducted a single - arm clinical trial in institutionalized seniors , on the effects of high - dose vitamin d3 - fortified bread daily intake ( clinicaltrials.gov registration nct00789503 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 34 .
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 10 trial
4 conducted 11 in
4 conducted 15 on
5 a 6 single
5 a 10 trial
6 single 7 -
6 single 8 arm
8 arm 10 trial
9 clinical 10 trial
11 in 13 seniors
12 institutionalized 13 seniors
14 , 15 on
15 on 17 effects
15 on 33 )
16 the 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
17 effects 28 intake
18 of 23 d3
19 high 20 -
19 high 21 dose
21 dose 22 vitamin
22 vitamin 23 d3
24 - 28 intake
25 fortified 26 bread
26 bread 28 intake
27 daily 28 intake
28 intake 32 nct00789503
28 intake 33 )
29 ( 32 nct00789503
30 clinicaltrials.gov 31 registration
31 registration 32 nct00789503
32 nct00789503 33 )

methods : at 1 and 3 years after the dietary fortification was stopped , serum [25] - hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh )d ) , parathyroid hormone ( pth ) and bone mineral density were measured in 23 of the original study subjects , aged 60 - 82 years who had consumed bread buns ( 100 g ) fortified with 320 mg elemental calcium and 125 [μg] ( 5,000 iu [ )(vitamin d3 daily for one year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 fortification
2 : 14 ,
3 at 7 years
3 at 11 fortification
4 1 5 and
5 and 6 3
5 and 7 years
7 years 8 after
8 after 10 dietary
9 the 10 dietary
11 fortification 12 was
12 was 13 stopped
14 , 15 serum
14 , 17 -
17 - 18 hydroxyvitamin
17 - 26 ,
18 hydroxyvitamin 19 d
18 hydroxyvitamin 23 oh
20 ( 23 oh
21 25 23 oh
22 ( 23 oh
23 oh 24 )d
23 oh 25 )
23 oh 26 ,
26 , 27 parathyroid
26 , 32 and
27 parathyroid 28 hormone
28 hormone 30 pth
29 ( 30 pth
30 pth 31 )
32 and 35 density
32 and 36 were
33 bone 34 mineral
34 mineral 35 density
35 density 36 were
36 were 37 measured
37 measured 38 in
38 in 39 23
39 23 40 of
39 23 43 study
39 23 45 ,
40 of 42 original
41 the 42 original
43 study 45 ,
44 subjects 45 ,
45 , 46 aged
45 , 48 -
45 , 53 consumed
47 60 48 -
48 - 49 82
50 years 51 who
50 years 52 had
50 years 53 consumed
51 who 52 had
53 consumed 54 bread
53 consumed 61 with
54 bread 55 buns
54 bread 60 fortified
55 buns 58 g
55 buns 60 fortified
56 ( 58 g
57 100 58 g
58 g 59 )
61 with 66 and
62 320 63 mg
62 320 66 and
63 mg 65 calcium
64 elemental 65 calcium
66 and 67 125
66 and 74 d3
69 ( 74 d3
70 5,000 73 )(vitamin
71 iu 73 )(vitamin
73 )(vitamin 74 d3
74 d3 75 daily
74 d3 79 .
75 daily 76 for
76 for 78 year
77 one 78 year

results : at the end of the 1 - year supplementation [phase] ( receiving vitamin d3 fortified bread daily ) , mean ( sd ) serum 25 ( oh )d was 127.3 ± 37.8 [nmol/l] ( baseline for this [follow] - up ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 29 oh
2 : 31 was
3 at 5 end
3 at 29 oh
4 the 5 end
6 of 8 1
6 of 29 oh
7 the 8 1
8 1 11 supplementation
9 - 11 supplementation
10 year 11 supplementation
11 supplementation 14 receiving
11 supplementation 21 ,
13 ( 14 receiving
14 receiving 18 bread
14 receiving 19 daily
14 receiving 20 )
15 vitamin 17 fortified
16 d3 17 fortified
17 fortified 18 bread
22 mean 24 sd
22 mean 25 )
22 mean 26 serum
23 ( 24 sd
24 sd 25 )
26 serum 29 oh
27 25 29 oh
28 ( 29 oh
29 oh 30 )d
29 oh 31 was
31 was 33 ±
31 was 42 up
32 127.3 33 ±
33 ± 34 37.8
33 ± 37 baseline
36 ( 37 baseline
37 baseline 38 for
37 baseline 41 -
38 for 39 this
41 - 42 up
42 up 43 )

[at] 1 [-] year follow [-] up , the serum 25 ( oh )d was 64.9 ± 24.8 nmol/l ( p = 0.001 , [vs] [.] baseline [ )( [and] at 3 - year [follow] [-] up [it] [was] 28.0 ± 15.0 nmol/l ( p = 0.001 [vs] [.] [baseline] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 year
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
2 1 4 year
4 year 5 follow
5 follow 7 up
8 , 13 oh
8 , 15 was
9 the 10 serum
10 serum 13 oh
11 25 13 oh
12 ( 13 oh
13 oh 14 )d
13 oh 15 was
15 was 27 baseline
16 64.9 27 baseline
17 ± 22 =
17 ± 24 ,
17 ± 27 baseline
18 24.8 19 nmol/l
19 nmol/l 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.001
22 = 24 ,
27 baseline 31 at
31 at 32 3
32 3 41 ±
33 - 41 ±
34 year 41 ±
37 up 41 ±
40 28.0 41 ±
41 ± 46 =
41 ± 52 .
42 15.0 43 nmol/l
43 nmol/l 46 =
44 ( 46 =
45 p 46 =
46 = 47 0.001
46 = 51 )

serum pth was [18.8] ± 15.6 pg/ml at baseline while at year 3 it was 48.4 ± 18.4 pg/ml ( p = 0.001 [vs] . baseline [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 serum 2 pth
2 pth 3 was
3 was 5 ±
5 ± 7 pg/ml
5 ± 10 while
6 15.6 7 pg/ml
7 pg/ml 8 at
8 at 9 baseline
10 while 14 it
10 while 15 was
11 at 12 year
11 at 14 it
12 year 13 3
14 it 15 was
15 was 17 ±
16 48.4 17 ±
17 ± 22 =
18 18.4 19 pg/ml
19 pg/ml 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.001
25 . 26 baseline
25 . 28 )(

lumbar spine bmd did not change from baseline to year 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bmd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 lumbar 2 spine
2 spine 3 bmd
3 bmd 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 change
6 change 7 from
6 change 9 to
7 from 8 baseline
9 to 10 year
10 year 11 3

however , by year 3 , hip bmd had decreased [(] 0.927 ± 0.130 g/cm² [vs] . 0.907 ± 0.121 g/cm² , p = 0.024 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 0.927
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 8 bmd
1 however 10 decreased
1 however 12 0.927
2 , 3 by
3 by 4 year
3 by 6 ,
3 by 8 bmd
4 year 5 3
7 hip 8 bmd
8 bmd 9 had
9 had 10 decreased
12 0.927 13 ±
13 ± 15 g/cm²
14 0.130 15 g/cm²
17 . 18 0.907
17 . 19 ±
18 0.907 19 ±
19 ± 24 =
20 0.121 21 g/cm²
21 g/cm² 24 =
22 , 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.024
24 = 26 )

conclusion : vitamin d nutritional status exhibits a long [half] - life in the body , and a true steady - state plateau may not even be reached 1 year after a discontinuation [in] dose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 27 be
3 vitamin 4 d
3 vitamin 6 status
3 vitamin 7 exhibits
3 vitamin 24 may
5 nutritional 6 status
6 status 7 exhibits
7 exhibits 12 life
7 exhibits 13 in
8 a 9 long
8 a 12 life
9 long 11 -
9 long 12 life
13 in 17 and
14 the 15 body
15 body 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 23 plateau
18 a 23 plateau
19 true 22 state
20 steady 21 -
20 steady 22 state
22 state 23 plateau
24 may 25 not
24 may 27 be
26 even 27 be
27 be 28 reached
28 reached 31 after
29 1 30 year
30 year 31 after
31 after 35 dose
32 a 35 dose
33 discontinuation 35 dose

furthermore , once the need for vitamin d has been established , based on a low baseline serum 25 ( oh )d concentrations , the appropriate action is to maintain corrective vitamin d supplementation over the long term . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 action
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 furthermore 27 action
2 , 3 once
3 once 5 need
3 once 12 ,
3 once 24 ,
3 once 27 action
4 the 5 need
5 need 6 for
5 need 12 ,
6 for 7 vitamin
7 vitamin 8 d
9 has 10 been
9 has 12 ,
10 been 11 established
12 , 13 based
12 , 14 on
12 , 23 concentrations
14 on 17 baseline
15 a 17 baseline
16 low 17 baseline
18 serum 23 concentrations
19 25 21 oh
20 ( 21 oh
21 oh 22 )d
21 oh 23 concentrations
25 the 27 action
26 appropriate 27 action
27 action 28 is
28 is 29 to
28 is 30 maintain
29 to 30 maintain
30 maintain 34 supplementation
30 maintain 35 over
31 corrective 34 supplementation
32 vitamin 33 d
32 vitamin 34 supplementation
35 over 38 term
36 the 38 term
37 long 38 term

objective [:] to investigate , in vitro , the effect of cathepsins specific inhibitor n [-] ( trans - epoxysuccinyl ) - l - leucine 4 - guanidinobutylamide ( e - 64 ) on dental endogenous cathepsins and to find its most effective molarity to elevate dentin - resin bonding durability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
1 objective 3 to
1 objective 11 of
1 objective 38 and
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 7 vitro
4 investigate 10 effect
5 , 7 vitro
6 in 7 vitro
7 vitro 8 ,
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
12 cathepsins 14 inhibitor
12 cathepsins 34 on
12 cathepsins 38 and
13 specific 14 inhibitor
14 inhibitor 15 n
14 inhibitor 18 trans
14 inhibitor 20 epoxysuccinyl
14 inhibitor 24 -
17 ( 18 trans
18 trans 19 -
19 - 20 epoxysuccinyl
20 epoxysuccinyl 21 )
22 - 24 -
23 l 24 -
24 - 25 leucine
24 - 33 )
25 leucine 26 4
25 leucine 28 guanidinobutylamide
27 - 28 guanidinobutylamide
28 guanidinobutylamide 31 -
28 guanidinobutylamide 33 )
29 ( 31 -
30 e 31 -
31 - 32 64
31 - 33 )
34 on 37 cathepsins
35 dental 37 cathepsins
36 endogenous 37 cathepsins
38 and 39 to
38 and 40 find
38 and 45 to
39 to 40 find
40 find 44 molarity
41 its 44 molarity
42 most 43 effective
43 effective 44 molarity
45 to 46 elevate
46 elevate 47 dentin
47 dentin 51 durability
48 - 51 durability
49 resin 50 bonding
50 bonding 51 durability
51 durability 52 .

then 20 specimens of dentin [-] resin [composite] were fabricated in each group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 then 3 specimens
2 20 3 specimens
3 specimens 4 of
3 specimens 13 group
4 of 5 dentin
5 dentin 7 resin
5 dentin 11 in
7 resin 9 were
9 were 10 fabricated
10 fabricated 11 in
12 each 13 group

half of the specimens were tested after 24 h water storage ( 37 °c ) and the other half were tested after 90 days water storage ( 37 °c ) followed by 3000 cycles'thermocyling ( 5 - 55 °c ) as aging treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 half 2 of
1 half 5 were
2 of 4 specimens
3 the 4 specimens
5 were 6 tested
6 tested 7 after
7 after 11 storage
8 24 9 h
9 h 10 water
10 water 11 storage
11 storage 14 °c
12 ( 14 °c
13 37 14 °c
14 °c 15 )
16 and 19 half
16 and 21 tested
17 the 18 other
18 other 19 half
19 half 20 were
20 were 21 tested
21 tested 22 after
21 tested 32 by
22 after 24 days
23 90 24 days
24 days 26 storage
24 days 31 followed
25 water 26 storage
26 storage 29 °c
26 storage 31 followed
27 ( 29 °c
28 37 29 °c
29 °c 30 )
32 by 33 3000
33 3000 34 cycles'thermocyling
34 cycles'thermocyling 43 treatment
35 ( 37 -
36 5 37 -
37 - 39 °c
37 - 40 )
37 - 43 treatment
38 55 39 °c
41 as 42 aging
42 aging 43 treatment

fractured specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 fractured 2 specimens
2 specimens 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 using
5 using 8 microscopy
6 scanning 7 electron
7 electron 8 microscopy
8 microscopy 10 sem
9 ( 10 sem
10 sem 11 )

results : after 24 h water storage , no significant differences were found in micro - tensile bond strength ( µtbs ) [of] samples between different groups ( p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 11 differences
2 : 13 found
3 after 7 storage
3 after 8 ,
3 after 11 differences
4 24 5 h
5 h 6 water
6 water 7 storage
9 no 11 differences
10 significant 11 differences
11 differences 12 were
12 were 13 found
13 found 14 in
13 found 25 between
14 in 24 samples
15 micro 19 strength
15 micro 24 samples
16 - 19 strength
17 tensile 18 bond
18 bond 19 strength
19 strength 21 µtbs
19 strength 22 )
20 ( 21 µtbs
21 µtbs 22 )
25 between 27 groups
26 different 27 groups
27 groups 30 >
28 ( 30 >
29 p 30 >
30 > 31 0.05
30 > 32 )

[only] in the group 5.0 µmol/l no significant difference was found between the original and the decreased value of µtbs ( p > 0.05 ) , while the µtbs in other groups decreased significantly after aging treatment ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 in 6 µmol/l
2 in 9 difference
3 the 6 µmol/l
4 group 6 µmol/l
5 5.0 6 µmol/l
7 no 9 difference
8 significant 9 difference
9 difference 10 was
10 was 11 found
11 found 12 between
11 found 27 while
12 between 15 and
13 the 14 original
14 original 15 and
15 and 18 value
16 the 18 value
17 decreased 18 value
18 value 19 of
19 of 20 µtbs
20 µtbs 23 >
21 ( 23 >
22 p 23 >
23 > 24 0.05
23 > 25 )
26 , 27 while
27 while 29 µtbs
27 while 33 decreased
27 while 42 )
28 the 29 µtbs
29 µtbs 30 in
29 µtbs 33 decreased
30 in 32 groups
31 other 32 groups
33 decreased 34 significantly
33 decreased 35 after
33 decreased 40 <
35 after 36 aging
36 aging 37 treatment
38 ( 40 <
39 p 40 <
40 < 41 0.05
40 < 42 )

failure types were almost adhesive and mixed types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 types
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 failure 2 types
2 types 6 and
3 were 5 adhesive
3 were 6 and
4 almost 5 adhesive
6 and 7 mixed
6 and 8 types

collagens [in] [hybrid] [layer] were less degraded in the groups using [e] - 64 after aging treatment than control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 collagens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 degraded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 collagens 5 were
5 were 6 less
5 were 7 degraded
7 degraded 8 in
7 degraded 11 using
7 degraded 15 after
8 in 10 groups
9 the 10 groups
11 using 14 64
13 - 14 64
15 after 16 aging
16 aging 17 treatment
16 aging 18 than
18 than 20 group
19 control 20 group

conclusions : e - 64 was effective on inhibiting cathepsins activity in dentin , and induced less collagens degradation in smear layer [for] better dentin - resin bond durability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
2 : 3 e
2 : 4 -
3 e 4 -
4 - 5 64
5 64 15 and
6 was 7 effective
6 was 15 and
7 effective 8 on
8 on 9 inhibiting
9 inhibiting 11 activity
9 inhibiting 12 in
10 cathepsins 11 activity
12 in 13 dentin
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 induced
15 and 20 in
16 induced 19 degradation
17 less 19 degradation
18 collagens 19 degradation
20 in 25 dentin
21 smear 25 dentin
22 layer 25 dentin
24 better 25 dentin
25 dentin 29 durability
26 - 29 durability
27 resin 28 bond
28 bond 29 durability
29 durability 30 .

epigenetics is the emergence of a new branch of genetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 epigenetics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 epigenetics 2 is
2 is 4 emergence
3 the 4 emergence
4 emergence 5 of
5 of 8 branch
6 a 7 new
6 a 8 branch
7 new 8 branch
8 branch 9 of
9 of 10 genetics

epigenetics is involved in life development , maintenance of normal physiological functions of the human body and the pathology of many complex phenomena,such as inflammation , aging , tumorgenesis , etc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 epigenetics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 epigenetics 2 is
2 is 3 involved
3 involved 4 in
4 in 6 development
5 life 6 development
7 , 17 and
7 , 22 complex
8 maintenance 9 of
8 maintenance 17 and
9 of 12 functions
10 normal 12 functions
11 physiological 12 functions
12 functions 13 of
13 of 16 body
14 the 16 body
15 human 16 body
17 and 19 pathology
17 and 20 of
17 and 22 complex
18 the 19 pathology
20 of 21 many
22 complex 23 phenomena,such
22 complex 24 as
24 as 25 inflammation
25 inflammation 27 aging
25 inflammation 29 tumorgenesis
26 , 27 aging
27 aging 28 ,
28 , 29 tumorgenesis
29 tumorgenesis 31 etc
29 tumorgenesis 32 .
30 , 31 etc
31 etc 32 .

there is no doubt that the pathogenesis of complex eye diseases such as recurrence of herpes simplex keratitis , glaucoma , uveitis and amd may be associated with aberrant epigenetic regulations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 doubt
3 no 4 doubt
4 doubt 5 that
5 that 7 pathogenesis
5 that 17 simplex
6 the 7 pathogenesis
7 pathogenesis 8 of
7 pathogenesis 17 simplex
8 of 11 diseases
9 complex 10 eye
10 eye 11 diseases
11 diseases 13 as
11 diseases 15 of
12 such 13 as
13 as 14 recurrence
15 of 16 herpes
17 simplex 18 keratitis
18 keratitis 20 glaucoma
19 , 20 glaucoma
20 glaucoma 21 ,
21 , 26 be
22 uveitis 23 and
23 and 24 amd
23 and 25 may
25 may 26 be
26 be 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 31 regulations
29 aberrant 31 regulations
30 epigenetic 31 regulations

therefore effect in vigorously carrying eye research on epigenetics may provide new insight of the pathogenesis of those eye diseases and development of novel treatment options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 therefore 2 effect
2 effect 3 in
2 effect 8 on
2 effect 10 may
3 in 5 carrying
4 vigorously 5 carrying
5 carrying 7 research
6 eye 7 research
8 on 9 epigenetics
10 may 11 provide
11 provide 13 insight
12 new 13 insight
13 insight 14 of
13 insight 23 of
14 of 16 pathogenesis
15 the 16 pathogenesis
16 pathogenesis 17 of
17 of 21 and
18 those 20 diseases
19 eye 20 diseases
20 diseases 21 and
21 and 22 development
23 of 26 options
24 novel 26 options
25 treatment 26 options

background : bariatric surgery is associated with improved cognition , and it is possible that such improvements are [found] [at] extended [follow] - [ups] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 bariatric
2 : 8 improved
2 : 11 and
2 : 25 .
3 bariatric 4 surgery
3 bariatric 7 with
3 bariatric 8 improved
4 surgery 5 is
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
8 improved 9 cognition
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 it
11 and 13 is
12 it 13 is
13 is 14 possible
14 possible 15 that
15 that 17 improvements
15 that 21 extended
16 such 17 improvements
17 improvements 18 are
18 are 21 extended
21 extended 23 -

we hypothesized that cognitive improvement would be maintained 3 years after bariatric surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 5 improvement
3 that 8 maintained
4 cognitive 5 improvement
5 improvement 6 would
6 would 7 be
7 be 8 maintained
8 maintained 11 after
9 3 10 years
10 years 11 after
11 after 13 surgery
12 bariatric 13 surgery

methods : fifty bariatric patients were recruited from the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery parent project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 patients
2 : 7 recruited
2 : 17 .
3 fifty 5 patients
4 bariatric 5 patients
5 patients 6 were
6 were 7 recruited
7 recruited 8 from
8 from 16 project
9 the 16 project
10 longitudinal 11 assessment
11 assessment 12 of
11 assessment 14 surgery
12 of 13 bariatric
14 surgery 16 project
15 parent 16 project

participants completed a computerized cognitive test battery to assess cognitive function [at] 12 weeks , 12 months , 24 months , and 36 months after surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 participants 2 completed
2 completed 7 battery
2 completed 8 to
3 a 4 computerized
3 a 7 battery
4 computerized 6 test
5 cognitive 6 test
6 test 7 battery
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 14 weeks
10 cognitive 11 function
11 function 14 weeks
13 12 14 weeks
14 weeks 17 months
15 , 17 months
16 12 17 months
17 months 18 ,
18 , 22 and
19 24 20 months
20 months 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 months
22 and 25 after
23 36 24 months
25 after 26 surgery

results : repeated measures revealed main effects for attention , executive function , and memory . attention improved up to 24 months and then slightly declined although it still fell within the average range at 36 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 fell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 4 measures
2 : 5 revealed
2 : 16 .
3 repeated 4 measures
4 measures 5 revealed
5 revealed 7 effects
5 revealed 8 for
6 main 7 effects
8 for 14 and
9 attention 10 ,
10 , 12 function
10 , 14 and
11 executive 12 function
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 memory
16 . 17 attention
16 . 23 and
17 attention 23 and
18 improved 19 up
18 improved 23 and
19 up 20 to
20 to 22 months
21 24 22 months
23 and 26 declined
24 then 26 declined
25 slightly 26 declined
26 declined 27 although
27 although 28 it
28 it 30 fell
29 still 30 fell
30 fell 31 within
31 within 34 range
32 the 34 range
33 average 34 range
34 range 35 at
35 at 37 months
36 36 37 months

improvements [in] [executive] [function] reached their peak at 36 months after surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reached
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 improvements 5 reached
5 reached 7 peak
5 reached 8 at
5 reached 11 after
6 their 7 peak
8 at 10 months
9 36 10 months
11 after 12 surgery

short - term improvements in memory were maintained at 36 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 short 2 -
1 short 3 term
3 term 4 improvements
4 improvements 5 in
4 improvements 7 were
5 in 6 memory
7 were 8 maintained
8 maintained 9 at
9 at 11 months
10 36 11 months

no main effect emerged for language . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 no 3 effect
2 main 3 effect
3 effect 4 emerged
4 emerged 5 for
5 for 6 language

conclusions : bariatric surgery may lead to lasting improvements in cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 bariatric
3 bariatric 4 surgery
3 bariatric 6 lead
4 surgery 5 may
5 may 6 lead
6 lead 7 to
6 lead 10 in
7 to 9 improvements
8 lasting 9 improvements
10 in 11 cognition

prospective studies [with] extended follow - [ups] [(] eg , 10 years ) should examine whether bariatric surgery can attenuate cognitive decline [in] severely obese patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 prospective 2 studies
2 studies 4 extended
2 studies 5 follow
6 - 9 eg
6 - 15 examine
6 - 27 .
9 eg 12 years
9 eg 14 should
10 , 12 years
11 10 12 years
12 years 13 )
14 should 15 examine
15 examine 16 whether
16 whether 18 surgery
16 whether 20 attenuate
17 bariatric 18 surgery
18 surgery 19 can
19 can 20 attenuate
20 attenuate 26 patients
21 cognitive 22 decline
22 decline 26 patients
24 severely 25 obese
25 obese 26 patients

objective : dimension - specific objective measures are criticized for their limited perspective and failure to endorse subjective perceptions by respondents [,] but the validity and correlates of a subjective global measure of successful aging ( sa ) are still not well established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 dimension
4 - 7 measures
4 - 9 criticized
5 specific 6 objective
6 objective 7 measures
7 measures 8 are
8 are 9 criticized
9 criticized 10 for
10 for 14 and
11 their 13 perspective
12 limited 13 perspective
13 perspective 14 and
14 and 15 failure
14 and 16 to
14 and 27 correlates
14 and 28 of
14 and 39 are
16 to 26 and
17 endorse 19 perceptions
17 endorse 26 and
18 subjective 19 perceptions
19 perceptions 20 by
20 by 21 respondents
21 respondents 23 but
23 but 25 validity
24 the 25 validity
26 and 27 correlates
28 of 32 measure
29 a 32 measure
30 subjective 31 global
31 global 32 measure
32 measure 33 of
33 of 35 aging
34 successful 35 aging
35 aging 37 sa
36 ( 37 sa
37 sa 38 )
39 are 41 not
39 are 42 well
39 are 43 established
40 still 41 not

we evaluated the reliability and validity of a self - rated analogue scale of global sa in an elderly singaporean population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 13 scale
3 the 13 scale
4 reliability 5 and
5 and 6 validity
5 and 10 -
5 and 11 rated
5 and 13 scale
6 validity 7 of
7 of 9 self
8 a 9 self
12 analogue 13 scale
13 scale 14 of
14 of 21 population
15 global 21 population
16 sa 17 in
16 sa 21 population
17 in 20 singaporean
18 an 19 elderly
18 an 20 singaporean
19 elderly 20 singaporean

design : cross - sectional data analysis using a comprehensive questionnaire survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 7 analysis
5 sectional 6 data
6 data 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 using
8 using 12 survey
9 a 10 comprehensive
9 a 12 survey
10 comprehensive 11 questionnaire
11 questionnaire 12 survey

participants and setting : 489 community - dwelling singaporeans aged 65 years [and] over . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 participants 2 and
2 and 3 setting
4 : 6 community
4 : 7 -
4 : 15 .
5 489 6 community
7 - 8 dwelling
8 dwelling 9 singaporeans
8 dwelling 14 over
9 singaporeans 10 aged
10 aged 12 years
10 aged 14 over
11 65 12 years

results : self - rated sa [was] significantly correlated to measures of specific dimensions ( standardized β from 0.11 to 0.39 ) , most strongly with psychological functioning ( β [=] 0.391 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 self
2 : 25 strongly
2 : 26 with
3 self 6 sa
4 - 6 sa
5 rated 6 sa
6 sa 9 correlated
6 sa 23 ,
8 significantly 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 to
10 to 11 measures
11 measures 12 of
12 of 14 dimensions
13 specific 14 dimensions
14 dimensions 17 β
15 ( 17 β
16 standardized 17 β
17 β 20 to
17 β 22 )
18 from 20 to
19 0.11 20 to
20 to 21 0.39
24 most 25 strongly
26 with 28 functioning
27 psychological 28 functioning
28 functioning 30 β
29 ( 30 β
30 β 32 0.391
30 β 33 )

the five dimension - specific measures together accounted for 16.7 % of the variance in self [-] rated sa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dimension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 the 3 dimension
2 five 3 dimension
4 - 6 measures
4 - 8 accounted
4 - 20 .
5 specific 6 measures
6 measures 8 accounted
7 together 8 accounted
8 accounted 9 for
8 accounted 15 in
9 for 11 %
10 16.7 11 %
11 % 12 of
12 of 14 variance
13 the 14 variance
15 in 19 sa
16 self 18 rated
18 rated 19 sa

self - rated sa best predicted life satisfaction [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.26 ) more than any dimension - specific measure [(] r ( 2 ) from 0.05 to 0.17 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 )(
1 self 2 -
1 self 4 sa
3 rated 4 sa
4 sa 6 predicted
5 best 6 predicted
6 predicted 8 satisfaction
6 predicted 17 more
6 predicted 18 than
6 predicted 31 to
7 life 8 satisfaction
8 satisfaction 14 )(=
10 r 14 )(=
11 ( 14 )(=
12 2 14 )(=
14 )(= 15 0.26
14 )(= 16 )
18 than 20 dimension
19 any 20 dimension
20 dimension 23 measure
21 - 23 measure
22 specific 23 measure
23 measure 25 r
23 measure 27 2
23 measure 28 )
26 ( 27 2
27 2 28 )
29 from 31 to
30 0.05 31 to
31 to 32 0.17

self - rated sa , vis - [à] - vis dimension - specific measures , was related to a different set [of] [correlates] , and was notably independent of chronological age , sex , education , socioeconomic status , and medical comorbidity , but [was] significantly related to ethnicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 sa
2 - 5 ,
2 - 6 vis
2 - 7 -
3 rated 4 sa
5 , 6 vis
7 - 9 -
9 - 11 dimension
10 vis 11 dimension
11 dimension 14 measures
11 dimension 16 was
12 - 14 measures
13 specific 14 measures
14 measures 15 ,
16 was 25 and
17 related 18 to
17 related 25 and
18 to 21 set
19 a 21 set
20 different 21 set
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 was
26 was 27 notably
26 was 28 independent
28 independent 29 of
29 of 31 age
30 chronological 31 age
31 age 40 and
32 , 40 and
33 sex 34 ,
34 , 35 education
34 , 36 ,
36 , 38 status
36 , 40 and
37 socioeconomic 38 status
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 comorbidity
40 and 43 ,
40 and 44 but
40 and 47 related
40 and 48 to
40 and 50 .
41 medical 42 comorbidity
44 but 46 significantly
48 to 49 ethnicity

conclusion : the self [-] rated analogue scale is a sensitive global measure of sa encompassing a spectrum of underlying dimensions and subjective perspectives and its validity is well supported in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 scale
2 : 9 is
2 : 25 and
2 : 34 .
3 the 8 scale
4 self 6 rated
6 rated 7 analogue
7 analogue 8 scale
8 scale 9 is
9 is 13 measure
10 a 13 measure
11 sensitive 13 measure
12 global 13 measure
13 measure 14 of
13 measure 16 encompassing
13 measure 19 of
14 of 15 sa
16 encompassing 18 spectrum
17 a 18 spectrum
19 of 20 underlying
20 underlying 22 and
21 dimensions 22 and
22 and 24 perspectives
23 subjective 24 perspectives
25 and 27 validity
25 and 28 is
26 its 27 validity
27 validity 28 is
28 is 29 well
28 is 31 in
29 well 30 supported
31 in 33 study
32 this 33 study

objective : the serotonin transporter polymorphism short [(] [s] ) allele is associated with heightened emotional reactivity and reduced emotion regulation , which increases vulnerability to depression and anxiety disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 5 transporter
3 the 5 transporter
4 serotonin 5 transporter
5 transporter 11 allele
5 transporter 18 and
6 polymorphism 11 allele
7 short 10 )
7 short 11 allele
11 allele 12 is
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 18 and
15 heightened 17 reactivity
15 heightened 18 and
16 emotional 17 reactivity
18 and 19 reduced
19 reduced 21 regulation
20 emotion 21 regulation
22 , 23 which
22 , 24 increases
23 which 24 increases
24 increases 25 vulnerability
24 increases 26 to
26 to 28 and
27 depression 28 and
28 and 30 disorders
29 anxiety 30 disorders

we investigated behavioral and neural markers of emotion regulation in community [-] dwelling older adults , contrasting [s] allele carriers and long allele homozygotes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 behavioral
4 and 6 markers
4 and 23 allele
5 neural 6 markers
6 markers 7 of
6 markers 23 allele
7 of 9 regulation
8 emotion 9 regulation
9 regulation 10 in
10 in 21 and
11 community 13 dwelling
13 dwelling 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 ,
16 , 20 carriers
16 , 21 and
17 contrasting 20 carriers
19 allele 20 carriers
21 and 22 long
23 allele 24 homozygotes

results : there were no differences between genetic groups in behavioral task performance or neural activation in postincongruent versus postcongruent trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
2 : 22 .
3 there 4 were
4 were 14 or
5 no 6 differences
6 differences 7 between
6 differences 10 in
6 differences 14 or
7 between 9 groups
8 genetic 9 groups
10 in 13 performance
11 behavioral 12 task
12 task 13 performance
14 or 16 activation
14 or 17 in
14 or 19 versus
15 neural 16 activation
17 in 18 postincongruent
19 versus 21 trials
20 postcongruent 21 trials

by contrast , connectivity between dorsal anterior cingulate [cortex] ( acc ) and pregenual acc , regions previously implicated in emotion conflict regulation , was impaired in [s] carriers for emotional conflict adaptation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 acc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 by 13 and
1 by 15 acc
2 contrast 3 ,
3 , 4 connectivity
3 , 13 and
4 connectivity 5 between
5 between 8 cingulate
6 dorsal 8 cingulate
7 anterior 8 cingulate
8 cingulate 11 acc
10 ( 11 acc
11 acc 12 )
13 and 14 pregenual
15 acc 17 regions
15 acc 25 was
16 , 17 regions
17 regions 19 implicated
17 regions 24 ,
18 previously 19 implicated
19 implicated 20 in
20 in 23 regulation
21 emotion 23 regulation
22 conflict 23 regulation
25 was 26 impaired
26 impaired 27 in
27 in 29 carriers
29 carriers 30 for
30 for 33 adaptation
31 emotional 32 conflict
32 conflict 33 adaptation

conclusion : this is the first demonstration of an association [between] serotonin transporter polymorphism and functional connectivity in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
2 : 21 .
3 this 4 is
4 is 7 demonstration
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 demonstration
7 demonstration 8 of
8 of 15 and
9 an 14 polymorphism
10 association 14 polymorphism
12 serotonin 14 polymorphism
13 transporter 14 polymorphism
14 polymorphism 15 and
15 and 17 connectivity
15 and 18 in
16 functional 17 connectivity
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

poor dorsal acc - pregenual acc connectivity in [s] carriers may be one route by which these individuals experience greater difficulty in implementing effective emotional regulation , which may contribute to their vulnerability for affective disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 acc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 poor 3 acc
2 dorsal 3 acc
4 - 7 connectivity
4 - 12 be
4 - 27 ,
5 pregenual 7 connectivity
6 acc 7 connectivity
7 connectivity 8 in
7 connectivity 11 may
8 in 10 carriers
11 may 12 be
12 be 14 route
13 one 14 route
14 route 15 by
15 by 16 which
15 by 18 individuals
15 by 19 experience
17 these 18 individuals
18 individuals 19 experience
19 experience 21 difficulty
20 greater 21 difficulty
21 difficulty 22 in
22 in 23 implementing
23 implementing 26 regulation
24 effective 26 regulation
25 emotional 26 regulation
27 , 28 which
27 , 30 contribute
28 which 29 may
29 may 30 contribute
30 contribute 31 to
31 to 33 vulnerability
32 their 33 vulnerability
33 vulnerability 34 for
34 for 36 disorders
35 affective 36 disorders

objectives : to investigate the psychometric properties of the executive interview ( exit ) and quick exit in community dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 15 and
4 investigate 18 in
5 the 7 properties
6 psychometric 7 properties
7 properties 8 of
7 properties 15 and
8 of 13 exit
9 the 13 exit
10 executive 11 interview
11 interview 13 exit
12 ( 13 exit
13 exit 14 )
15 and 17 exit
16 quick 17 exit
18 in 22 adults
19 community 20 dwelling
20 dwelling 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

design : secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a longitudinal study of cognitive function [in] late - life depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
2 : 8 as
3 secondary 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
5 of 6 data
6 data 7 obtained
8 as 9 part
9 part 10 of
9 part 14 of
10 of 13 study
11 a 13 study
12 longitudinal 13 study
14 of 21 depression
15 cognitive 16 function
16 function 21 depression
18 late 19 -
18 late 20 life
20 life 21 depression

setting : a university hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 hospital
3 a 5 hospital
4 university 5 hospital

participants : community - dwelling adults ( n = 422 ) , aged 59 years and older , with current or recent history [of] [non] - psychotic unipolar major depression , and never [-] depressed comparison subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 community
2 : 4 -
4 - 32 and
5 dwelling 6 adults
5 dwelling 9 =
5 dwelling 12 ,
5 dwelling 32 and
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 422
9 = 11 )
13 aged 16 and
13 aged 32 and
14 59 15 years
15 years 16 and
16 and 17 older
17 older 19 with
18 , 19 with
19 with 23 history
19 with 31 ,
20 current 21 or
21 or 22 recent
21 or 23 history
23 history 30 depression
26 - 30 depression
27 psychotic 30 depression
28 unipolar 29 major
29 major 30 depression
30 depression 31 ,
32 and 35 depressed
33 never 35 depressed
35 depressed 37 subjects
36 comparison 37 subjects

measurements : the exit and other measures of executive control functions ( ecf ) , [non] - executive cognitive domains , and global cognitive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 22 and
3 the 4 exit
4 exit 5 and
5 and 7 measures
5 and 15 ,
5 and 20 domains
5 and 22 and
6 other 7 measures
7 measures 8 of
8 of 11 functions
9 executive 10 control
10 control 11 functions
11 functions 13 ecf
12 ( 13 ecf
13 ecf 14 )
17 - 20 domains
18 executive 20 domains
19 cognitive 20 domains
20 domains 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 function
23 global 25 function
24 cognitive 25 function

we calculated quick exit scores from the exit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 calculated
2 calculated 5 scores
3 quick 4 exit
4 exit 5 scores
5 scores 6 from
6 from 8 exit
7 the 8 exit

results : the exit demonstrated high [inter] - rater reliability [(] intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.978 [,] [f] ( 7 , 21 ) = 174.85 , p < 0.001 [ )( [and] both the exit and quick exit demonstrated moderate internal consistency ( α = 0.66 and [α] = 0.68 , respectively [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 exit
2 : 6 high
3 the 4 exit
4 exit 5 demonstrated
8 - 12 intraclass
9 rater 10 reliability
10 reliability 12 intraclass
12 intraclass 22 21
12 intraclass 24 =
13 correlation 14 coefficient
14 coefficient 15 =
15 = 16 0.978
16 0.978 20 7
19 ( 20 7
20 7 21 ,
21 , 22 21
22 21 23 )
24 = 25 174.85
24 = 28 <
26 , 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001
29 0.001 36 and
29 0.001 40 moderate
33 both 36 and
34 the 35 exit
35 exit 36 and
36 and 38 exit
36 and 39 demonstrated
36 and 40 moderate
37 quick 38 exit
40 moderate 52 respectively
41 internal 42 consistency
42 consistency 44 α
43 ( 44 α
44 α 47 and
44 α 51 ,
45 = 46 0.66
46 0.66 47 and
47 and 50 0.68
49 = 50 0.68
51 , 52 respectively
52 respectively 54 )(

both tests also demonstrated acceptable convergent validity against several standard tests of ecf ( rs - 0.399 to 0.322 , except for the trail making test b , where rs was 0.057 to 0.063 ) as well as against measures of multifactorial cognitive function [(] rs - 0.432 to 0.491 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 both 2 tests
2 tests 4 demonstrated
3 also 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 7 validity
5 acceptable 7 validity
6 convergent 7 validity
7 validity 8 against
7 validity 12 of
8 against 11 tests
9 several 11 tests
10 standard 11 tests
12 of 13 ecf
13 ecf 15 rs
14 ( 15 rs
15 rs 18 to
15 rs 21 except
15 rs 29 where
15 rs 36 as
15 rs 38 as
15 rs 51 )
16 - 17 0.399
17 0.399 18 to
18 to 19 0.322
20 , 21 except
21 except 22 for
21 except 28 ,
22 for 26 test
23 the 26 test
24 trail 25 making
25 making 26 test
26 test 27 b
28 , 29 where
29 where 30 rs
29 where 31 was
29 where 35 )
30 rs 31 was
31 was 32 0.057
32 0.057 33 to
33 to 34 0.063
36 as 37 well
38 as 39 against
39 against 40 measures
40 measures 41 of
41 of 46 rs
42 multifactorial 44 function
43 cognitive 44 function
44 function 46 rs
46 rs 49 to
47 - 48 0.432
48 0.432 49 to
49 to 50 0.491

both tests , however , demonstrated inconsistent discriminant validity against a variety of standard [non] - ecf tests ( rs - 0.013 to 0.376 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 both 2 tests
2 tests 6 demonstrated
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 9 validity
6 demonstrated 10 against
7 inconsistent 9 validity
8 discriminant 9 validity
10 against 12 variety
11 a 12 variety
12 variety 13 of
13 of 18 tests
14 standard 16 -
14 standard 18 tests
17 ecf 18 tests
18 tests 20 rs
19 ( 20 rs
20 rs 23 to
20 rs 25 )
21 - 22 0.013
22 0.013 23 to
23 to 24 0.376

conclusions : both the exit and the quick exit have adequate reliability and appear to require ecf in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 both
3 both 4 the
3 both 5 exit
4 the 5 exit
6 and 9 exit
6 and 13 and
7 the 9 exit
8 quick 9 exit
9 exit 13 and
10 have 12 reliability
10 have 13 and
11 adequate 12 reliability
13 and 14 appear
13 and 15 to
15 to 16 require
16 require 17 ecf
16 require 18 in
18 in 20 population
19 this 20 population

however , both the exit and the quick exit also reflect [non] - ecf domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 and
3 both 6 and
4 the 5 exit
5 exit 6 and
6 and 9 exit
6 and 11 reflect
7 the 9 exit
8 quick 9 exit
10 also 11 reflect
13 - 15 domains
13 - 16 .
14 ecf 15 domains

the exit and quick exit should be considered to be measures of global cognitive function rather [than] pure ecf measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 5 exit
2 exit 3 and
3 and 4 quick
4 quick 5 exit
5 exit 6 should
6 should 7 be
7 be 8 considered
8 considered 9 to
8 considered 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 measures
11 measures 12 of
12 of 20 measures
13 global 15 function
14 cognitive 15 function
15 function 20 measures
16 rather 18 pure
18 pure 20 measures
19 ecf 20 measures

given similar reliability and validity , the quick exit is recommended clinically as it is briefer and less burdensome than the full exit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 quick
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 given 4 and
1 given 6 ,
1 given 8 quick
2 similar 3 reliability
3 reliability 4 and
4 and 5 validity
7 the 8 quick
8 quick 9 exit
8 quick 10 is
8 quick 11 recommended
8 quick 15 is
9 exit 10 is
11 recommended 12 clinically
11 recommended 13 as
13 as 14 it
15 is 17 and
15 is 19 burdensome
16 briefer 17 and
17 and 18 less
19 burdensome 20 than
20 than 23 exit
21 the 23 exit
22 full 23 exit

dynamic imbalance caused by external perturbations [to] [gait] can successfully be counteracted by adequate recovery responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 counteracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 dynamic 2 imbalance
2 imbalance 3 caused
2 imbalance 9 can
3 caused 4 by
4 by 6 perturbations
5 external 6 perturbations
9 can 11 be
10 successfully 11 be
11 be 12 counteracted
12 counteracted 13 by
13 by 16 responses
14 adequate 15 recovery
15 recovery 16 responses

the current study investigated [how] the recovery response is moderated by age [,] walking speed , muscle strength and speed of information processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 moderated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
3 study 8 response
3 study 9 is
3 study 10 moderated
6 the 8 response
7 recovery 8 response
8 response 9 is
10 moderated 11 by
11 by 19 and
12 age 14 walking
12 age 16 ,
14 walking 15 speed
16 , 18 strength
16 , 19 and
17 muscle 18 strength
19 and 20 speed
19 and 21 of
21 of 23 processing
22 information 23 processing

the gait pattern of 50 young and [45] elderly subjects was repeatedly perturbed at 20 % and 80 % of the first half of the swing phase using the timed rapid impact perturbation ( trip ) set - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 perturbed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 set
1 the 3 pattern
2 gait 3 pattern
3 pattern 4 of
3 pattern 11 was
4 of 10 subjects
5 50 10 subjects
6 young 7 and
7 and 9 elderly
7 and 10 subjects
11 was 13 perturbed
12 repeatedly 13 perturbed
13 perturbed 14 at
14 at 16 %
15 20 16 %
17 and 19 %
17 and 27 phase
18 80 19 %
19 % 20 of
19 % 27 phase
20 of 23 half
21 the 22 first
21 the 23 half
23 half 24 of
24 of 26 swing
25 the 26 swing
27 phase 28 using
27 phase 32 impact
28 using 31 rapid
29 the 31 rapid
30 timed 31 rapid
32 impact 33 perturbation
32 impact 37 set
33 perturbation 35 trip
33 perturbation 37 set
34 ( 35 trip
35 trip 36 )
37 set 39 up
38 - 39 up
39 up 40 .

recovery responses were identified using 2 d cameras . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 recovery 2 responses
2 responses 3 were
3 were 4 identified
4 identified 5 using
5 using 8 cameras
6 2 7 d
7 d 8 cameras

muscular [factors] ( dynamometer ) and speed of information processing parameters ( computer [-] based reaction time [task] ) were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 muscular 4 dynamometer
1 muscular 6 and
3 ( 4 dynamometer
4 dynamometer 5 )
6 and 7 speed
6 and 8 of
6 and 10 processing
6 and 17 time
6 and 20 were
8 of 9 information
10 processing 11 parameters
12 ( 17 time
13 computer 15 based
15 based 16 reaction
16 reaction 17 time
17 time 19 )
20 were 21 determined

the stronger , faster reacting and faster [walking] young subjects recovered more often by an elevating strategy than elderly subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 5 reacting
2 stronger 3 ,
2 stronger 5 reacting
4 faster 5 reacting
5 reacting 6 and
6 and 10 subjects
6 and 11 recovered
7 faster 10 subjects
9 young 10 subjects
11 recovered 13 often
11 recovered 14 by
11 recovered 18 than
12 more 13 often
14 by 17 strategy
15 an 17 strategy
16 elevating 17 strategy
18 than 20 subjects
19 elderly 20 subjects

twenty three per cent of the differences in recovery responses were explained by a combination of walking speed ( [b=] - 13.85 ) , reaction time ( [b=] - 0.82 ) , maximum extension strength ( b=0.01 [ )(and rate of extension moment development ( b=0.19 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 twenty 2 three
2 three 3 per
2 three 5 of
2 three 11 were
3 per 4 cent
5 of 7 differences
6 the 7 differences
7 differences 8 in
8 in 10 responses
9 recovery 10 responses
11 were 12 explained
12 explained 13 by
13 by 15 combination
14 a 15 combination
15 combination 16 of
15 combination 22 13.85
15 combination 26 time
16 of 17 walking
17 walking 18 speed
19 ( 22 13.85
21 - 22 13.85
22 13.85 23 )
24 , 26 time
25 reaction 26 time
26 time 30 0.82
26 time 35 strength
26 time 47 )
27 ( 30 0.82
29 - 30 0.82
30 0.82 31 )
32 , 35 strength
33 maximum 34 extension
34 extension 35 strength
35 strength 39 )(and
35 strength 47 )
36 ( 39 )(and
37 b=0.01 39 )(and
39 )(and 40 rate
39 )(and 41 of
39 )(and 46 b=0.19
39 )(and 47 )
41 of 44 development
42 extension 44 development
43 moment 44 development
45 ( 46 b=0.19
46 b=0.19 47 )

the recovery response that subjects employed [when] gait was perturbed by the trip set - up was modified by several factors ; the individual contribution of walking speed , muscle strength and speed of information processing was small . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 modified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 response
2 recovery 3 response
3 response 8 gait
3 response 9 was
3 response 10 perturbed
3 response 17 was
4 that 8 gait
5 subjects 6 employed
6 employed 8 gait
8 gait 9 was
10 perturbed 11 by
10 perturbed 15 -
10 perturbed 16 up
11 by 13 trip
12 the 13 trip
13 trip 14 set
17 was 18 modified
18 modified 19 by
19 by 21 factors
20 several 21 factors
22 ; 25 contribution
22 ; 37 was
23 the 25 contribution
24 individual 25 contribution
25 contribution 26 of
25 contribution 37 was
26 of 27 walking
27 walking 32 and
28 speed 29 ,
29 , 31 strength
29 , 32 and
30 muscle 31 strength
32 and 33 speed
32 and 34 of
34 of 36 processing
35 information 36 processing
37 was 38 small

insight into remaining modifying factors is needed to assist and optimise fall prevention programmes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 insight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 insight 2 into
1 insight 4 modifying
1 insight 6 is
2 into 3 remaining
4 modifying 5 factors
6 is 10 and
7 needed 8 to
7 needed 10 and
8 to 9 assist
10 and 11 optimise
11 optimise 14 programmes
12 fall 13 prevention
13 prevention 14 programmes

recent studies have shown that impairment [in] executive function ( ef ) is common in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 9 function
4 shown 13 is
5 that 9 function
6 impairment 9 function
8 executive 9 function
9 function 11 ef
9 function 13 is
10 ( 11 ef
11 ef 12 )
13 is 14 common
14 common 15 in
14 common 17 with
15 in 16 patients
17 with 21 impairment
18 amnestic 21 impairment
19 mild 21 impairment
20 cognitive 21 impairment
21 impairment 23 amci
22 ( 23 amci
23 amci 24 )

however , the neuroanatomic basis of executive impairment in patients with amci remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 basis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 basis
3 the 5 basis
4 neuroanatomic 5 basis
5 basis 6 of
5 basis 13 remains
6 of 8 impairment
7 executive 8 impairment
8 impairment 9 in
9 in 10 patients
10 patients 11 with
11 with 12 amci
13 remains 14 unclear

in this study , multiple regression voxel - based morphometry analyses were used to examine the relationship between regional gray matter volumes and ef performance in 50 patients with amci and 48 healthy age - matched controls . 
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 11 analyses
2 this 3 study
5 multiple 6 regression
6 regression 11 analyses
7 voxel 8 -
7 voxel 10 morphometry
9 based 10 morphometry
10 morphometry 11 analyses
11 analyses 12 were
12 were 13 used
13 used 14 to
13 used 15 examine
14 to 15 examine
15 examine 17 relationship
15 examine 18 between
16 the 17 relationship
18 between 23 and
19 regional 22 volumes
20 gray 21 matter
21 matter 22 volumes
22 volumes 23 and
23 and 25 performance
23 and 26 in
23 and 29 with
23 and 37 controls
24 ef 25 performance
26 in 28 patients
27 50 28 patients
29 with 31 and
30 amci 31 and
31 and 34 age
32 48 34 age
33 healthy 34 age
35 - 37 controls
36 matched 37 controls
37 controls 38 .

the core ef components ( response inhibition , working memory and task switching , based on the ef model of miyake et al ) were accessed with computerized tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 components
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 accessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 4 components
2 core 4 components
3 ef 4 components
4 components 11 and
4 components 15 based
4 components 25 were
5 ( 11 and
6 response 7 inhibition
7 inhibition 8 ,
8 , 10 memory
8 , 11 and
9 working 10 memory
11 and 12 task
11 and 13 switching
11 and 14 ,
14 , 15 based
15 based 16 on
15 based 24 )
16 on 19 model
17 the 19 model
18 ef 19 model
19 model 20 of
20 of 23 al
21 miyake 23 al
22 et 23 al
25 were 26 accessed
26 accessed 27 with
27 with 29 tasks
28 computerized 29 tasks

atrophic brain areas related to decreases in the three ef components in patients with amci were located in the frontal and temporal cortices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 atrophic 2 brain
2 brain 3 areas
3 areas 4 related
4 related 5 to
4 related 7 in
4 related 18 in
5 to 6 decreases
7 in 9 three
8 the 9 three
9 three 10 ef
9 three 17 located
10 ef 11 components
10 ef 16 were
10 ef 17 located
11 components 12 in
11 components 14 with
11 components 16 were
12 in 13 patients
14 with 15 amci
18 in 23 cortices
19 the 23 cortices
20 frontal 21 and
21 and 22 temporal
21 and 23 cortices

within the frontal cortex , the brain region related to response inhibition was identified in the right inferior frontal gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 region
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 within 4 cortex
1 within 5 ,
1 within 8 region
2 the 4 cortex
3 frontal 4 cortex
6 the 8 region
7 brain 8 region
8 region 9 related
8 region 13 was
9 related 10 to
10 to 12 inhibition
11 response 12 inhibition
13 was 14 identified
14 identified 15 in
15 in 20 gyrus
16 the 20 gyrus
17 right 20 gyrus
18 inferior 20 gyrus
19 frontal 20 gyrus

brain regions related to working memory were located in the left anterior cingulate gyrus , left premotor cortex , and right inferior frontal gyrus , and brain regions related to task shifting were distributed in the bilateral frontal cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 located
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 brain 2 regions
2 regions 3 related
2 regions 7 were
3 related 4 to
4 to 6 memory
5 working 6 memory
7 were 8 located
8 located 9 in
9 in 20 and
10 the 14 gyrus
11 left 14 gyrus
12 anterior 14 gyrus
13 cingulate 14 gyrus
14 gyrus 15 ,
15 , 18 cortex
15 , 20 and
16 left 18 cortex
17 premotor 18 cortex
19 , 20 and
20 and 24 gyrus
20 and 25 ,
21 right 24 gyrus
22 inferior 24 gyrus
23 frontal 24 gyrus
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 regions
26 and 34 distributed
27 brain 28 regions
28 regions 29 related
28 regions 30 to
28 regions 31 task
28 regions 32 shifting
28 regions 33 were
30 to 31 task
33 were 34 distributed
34 distributed 35 in
35 in 39 cortex
36 the 39 cortex
37 bilateral 39 cortex
38 frontal 39 cortex

atrophy in the right inferior frontal gyrus was most closely associated with a decrease in all three ef components in patients with amci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 atrophy 2 in
1 atrophy 8 was
2 in 7 gyrus
3 the 7 gyrus
4 right 7 gyrus
5 inferior 7 gyrus
6 frontal 7 gyrus
8 was 10 closely
8 was 11 associated
9 most 10 closely
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 15 in
11 associated 20 in
12 with 14 decrease
13 a 14 decrease
15 in 19 components
16 all 17 three
17 three 19 components
18 ef 19 components
20 in 21 patients
21 patients 22 with
22 with 23 amci

our data , from the perspective of brain morphology , contribute to a better understanding of the role of these brain areas in the neural network of ef . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 4 from
2 data 11 contribute
3 , 4 from
4 from 6 perspective
4 from 10 ,
5 the 6 perspective
6 perspective 7 of
7 of 9 morphology
8 brain 9 morphology
11 contribute 12 to
11 contribute 23 in
12 to 15 understanding
13 a 15 understanding
14 better 15 understanding
15 understanding 16 of
16 of 18 role
17 the 18 role
18 role 19 of
19 of 22 areas
20 these 22 areas
21 brain 22 areas
23 in 26 network
24 the 26 network
25 neural 26 network
26 network 27 of
27 of 28 ef

to assist investigators in making design choices , we modeled alzheimer 's disease prevention clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 to 2 assist
2 assist 3 investigators
2 assist 4 in
4 in 5 making
5 making 6 design
5 making 7 choices
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 modeled
9 we 10 modeled
10 modeled 16 trials
11 alzheimer 12 's
12 's 16 trials
13 disease 16 trials
14 prevention 16 trials
15 clinical 16 trials

we used longitudinal clinical dementia rating scale [sum] of boxes data , retention rates , and the proportions of trial - eligible cognitively normal participants age 65 and older in the national alzheimer 's coordinating center uniform data set to model trial sample sizes , the numbers needed to enroll to account for drop out , and the numbers needed to screen to successfully complete enrollment . 
1 we 2 used
2 used 7 scale
3 longitudinal 7 scale
4 clinical 5 dementia
5 dementia 6 rating
6 rating 7 scale
7 scale 9 of
9 of 11 data
10 boxes 11 data
11 data 21 -
12 , 21 -
13 retention 14 rates
14 rates 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 proportions
16 and 19 of
16 and 21 -
17 the 18 proportions
19 of 20 trial
21 - 25 participants
22 eligible 25 participants
23 cognitively 24 normal
24 normal 25 participants
25 participants 28 and
26 age 27 65
26 age 28 and
28 and 29 older
29 older 30 in
29 older 40 to
30 in 39 set
31 the 33 alzheimer
32 national 33 alzheimer
33 alzheimer 34 's
34 's 39 set
35 coordinating 36 center
36 center 37 uniform
37 uniform 38 data
38 data 39 set
40 to 45 ,
41 model 44 sizes
41 model 45 ,
42 trial 44 sizes
43 sample 44 sizes
45 , 50 enroll
46 the 47 numbers
47 numbers 48 needed
48 needed 49 to
49 to 50 enroll
50 enroll 51 to
50 enroll 53 for
50 enroll 57 and
51 to 52 account
53 for 54 drop
55 out 57 and
56 , 57 and
57 and 59 numbers
57 and 67 .
58 the 59 numbers
59 numbers 60 needed
59 numbers 61 to
61 to 62 screen
62 screen 63 to
62 screen 65 complete
63 to 65 complete
64 successfully 65 complete
65 complete 66 enrollment

we examined how enrichment strategies affected each component of the model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 how
3 how 5 strategies
3 how 6 affected
4 enrichment 5 strategies
5 strategies 6 affected
6 affected 8 component
7 each 8 component
8 component 9 of
9 of 11 model
10 the 11 model

relative to trials enrolling 65 - year [-] old individuals , trials enriching for older [(] minimum 70 or 75 [ )(age required reduced sample sizes , numbers needed to enroll , and numbers needed to screen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 relative 12 trials
2 to 3 trials
2 to 12 trials
4 enrolling 5 65
4 enrolling 11 ,
4 enrolling 12 trials
5 65 10 individuals
6 - 10 individuals
7 year 9 old
9 old 10 individuals
10 individuals 11 ,
12 trials 13 enriching
12 trials 23 required
12 trials 24 reduced
13 enriching 14 for
13 enriching 22 )(age
14 for 17 minimum
15 older 17 minimum
17 minimum 19 or
18 70 19 or
19 or 20 75
24 reduced 33 and
25 sample 26 sizes
26 sizes 27 ,
27 , 28 numbers
27 , 33 and
28 numbers 29 needed
29 needed 30 to
30 to 31 enroll
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 numbers
33 and 36 to
33 and 37 screen
34 numbers 35 needed
36 to 37 screen

enriching for subjective memory complaints reduced sample sizes and numbers needed to enroll more than age enrichment , but increased the number needed to screen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enriching
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 enriching 2 for
1 enriching 5 complaints
1 enriching 19 but
2 for 4 memory
3 subjective 4 memory
5 complaints 9 and
6 reduced 8 sizes
6 reduced 9 and
7 sample 8 sizes
9 and 10 numbers
11 needed 12 to
11 needed 18 ,
11 needed 19 but
12 to 13 enroll
13 enroll 14 more
13 enroll 15 than
15 than 17 enrichment
16 age 17 enrichment
19 but 20 increased
20 increased 22 number
21 the 22 number
22 number 23 needed
22 number 24 to
22 number 25 screen
24 to 25 screen

we conclude that alzheimer 's disease prevention trials can enroll elderly participants with minimal effect on trial retention and that enriching for older individuals with memory complaints might afford efficient trial designs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 8 trials
3 that 10 enroll
4 alzheimer 5 's
5 's 8 trials
6 disease 8 trials
7 prevention 8 trials
8 trials 9 can
9 can 10 enroll
10 enroll 12 participants
10 enroll 13 with
10 enroll 16 on
11 elderly 12 participants
13 with 15 effect
14 minimal 15 effect
16 on 18 retention
17 trial 18 retention
19 and 21 enriching
19 and 29 afford
20 that 21 enriching
21 enriching 22 for
21 enriching 28 might
22 for 24 individuals
23 older 24 individuals
24 individuals 25 with
25 with 27 complaints
26 memory 27 complaints
28 might 29 afford
29 afford 32 designs
30 efficient 31 trial
31 trial 32 designs

aging induces a decline in the ties that bind anatomical networks centered on the prefrontal cortex , which are critical for reinforcement learning and decision making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 aging 2 induces
2 induces 4 decline
2 induces 5 in
3 a 4 decline
5 in 7 ties
6 the 7 ties
7 ties 8 that
7 ties 12 centered
8 that 11 networks
8 that 12 centered
9 bind 11 networks
10 anatomical 11 networks
11 networks 12 centered
12 centered 13 on
13 on 16 cortex
14 the 16 cortex
15 prefrontal 16 cortex
17 , 18 which
17 , 26 making
18 which 19 are
18 which 26 making
19 are 24 and
19 are 26 making
20 critical 21 for
20 critical 23 learning
20 critical 24 and
21 for 22 reinforcement
24 and 25 decision

at the neurophysiological level , the prefrontal cortex may engage electrophysiological oscillatory synchronization to coordinate other brain systems during learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 engage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 at 4 level
1 at 5 ,
1 at 8 cortex
2 the 4 level
3 neurophysiological 4 level
6 the 8 cortex
7 prefrontal 8 cortex
8 cortex 9 may
9 may 10 engage
10 engage 13 synchronization
10 engage 14 to
11 electrophysiological 13 synchronization
12 oscillatory 13 synchronization
14 to 15 coordinate
15 coordinate 18 systems
15 coordinate 19 during
16 other 18 systems
17 brain 18 systems
19 during 20 learning

we recorded scalp eeg from 21 [older] ( mean age 69 years ) and 20 young [(] mean age 22 years ) healthy human [adults] while they learned stimulus - response mappings by trial - [and] - error using feedback . 
1 we 2 recorded
2 recorded 14 and
3 scalp 4 eeg
4 eeg 5 from
4 eeg 14 and
5 from 6 21
6 21 12 years
8 ( 12 years
9 mean 10 age
10 age 12 years
11 69 12 years
12 years 13 )
14 and 21 years
14 and 22 )
14 and 23 healthy
14 and 24 human
15 20 21 years
16 young 19 age
18 mean 19 age
19 age 21 years
20 22 21 years
24 human 26 while
26 while 27 they
26 while 28 learned
27 they 28 learned
28 learned 29 stimulus
29 stimulus 32 mappings
29 stimulus 40 feedback
30 - 32 mappings
31 response 32 mappings
32 mappings 33 by
32 mappings 35 -
33 by 34 trial
37 - 40 feedback
38 error 40 feedback
39 using 40 feedback
40 feedback 41 .

in young adults , theta - band ( 4 - 8 hz ) oscillatory power over medial frontal and anterior frontal cortex predicted learning after errors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 band
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 adults
1 in 6 -
1 in 7 band
2 young 3 adults
3 adults 5 theta
4 , 5 theta
5 theta 6 -
7 band 15 power
7 band 16 over
8 ( 10 -
9 4 10 -
10 - 12 hz
10 - 13 )
10 - 15 power
11 8 12 hz
14 oscillatory 15 power
16 over 24 learning
17 medial 24 learning
18 frontal 19 and
19 and 20 anterior
19 and 24 learning
21 frontal 22 cortex
22 cortex 23 predicted
23 predicted 24 learning
24 learning 25 after
25 after 26 errors

older adults demonstrated a decrease in the theta - band learning - predictive signals [over] medial frontal but not anterior frontal cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 5 decrease
3 demonstrated 6 in
4 a 5 decrease
6 in 8 theta
7 the 8 theta
9 - 10 band
9 - 12 -
10 band 11 learning
12 - 22 cortex
12 - 23 .
13 predictive 14 signals
14 signals 22 cortex
16 medial 22 cortex
17 frontal 18 but
18 but 19 not
18 but 20 anterior
18 but 22 cortex
19 not 20 anterior
21 frontal 22 cortex

this age - related decrease in task [-] relevant medial frontal theta power may be related to the more general decrease in medial frontal theta power that we observed during rest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 age
2 age 14 may
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 decrease
4 related 14 may
5 decrease 6 in
6 in 13 power
7 task 13 power
9 relevant 12 theta
10 medial 12 theta
11 frontal 12 theta
12 theta 13 power
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 related
16 related 17 to
16 related 22 in
17 to 21 decrease
18 the 21 decrease
19 more 20 general
20 general 21 decrease
22 in 26 power
23 medial 26 power
24 frontal 25 theta
25 theta 26 power
26 power 27 that
26 power 29 observed
27 that 28 we
27 that 29 observed
28 we 29 observed
29 observed 30 during
30 during 31 rest

these results demonstrate a shift in cortical networks that support reinforcement learning in older adults , and shed new light on the changes in neurophysiological ( oscillatory ) mechanisms with neurocognitive aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 17 and
3 demonstrate 5 shift
3 demonstrate 6 in
3 demonstrate 17 and
4 a 5 shift
6 in 8 networks
7 cortical 8 networks
8 networks 9 that
8 networks 10 support
9 that 10 support
10 support 11 reinforcement
11 reinforcement 12 learning
11 reinforcement 13 in
13 in 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 shed
18 shed 20 light
18 shed 21 on
18 shed 30 with
19 new 20 light
21 on 23 changes
22 the 23 changes
23 changes 24 in
24 in 29 mechanisms
25 neurophysiological 27 oscillatory
25 neurophysiological 28 )
25 neurophysiological 29 mechanisms
26 ( 27 oscillatory
27 oscillatory 28 )
30 with 32 aging
31 neurocognitive 32 aging

in cerebral amyloid angiopathy patients , microbleeds [often] [cluster] , mostly occipital , [and] are associated with apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 amyloid
1 in 5 patients
2 cerebral 3 amyloid
4 angiopathy 5 patients
5 patients 7 microbleeds
5 patients 12 occipital
5 patients 15 are
6 , 7 microbleeds
7 microbleeds 10 ,
10 , 12 occipital
11 mostly 12 occipital
12 occipital 13 ,
15 are 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 18 apolipoprotein
18 apolipoprotein 19 e
18 apolipoprotein 21 apoe
20 ( 21 apoe
21 apoe 22 )

microbleeds also frequently occur in the asymptomatic , general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 microbleeds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 microbleeds 4 occur
2 also 4 occur
3 frequently 4 occur
4 occur 5 in
5 in 10 population
6 the 10 population
7 asymptomatic 8 ,
7 asymptomatic 10 population
9 general 10 population

in this population , we investigated spatial distribution of microbleeds and whether this is influenced by apoe [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 population
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 population
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 distribution
6 investigated 16 by
7 spatial 8 distribution
8 distribution 9 of
8 distribution 15 influenced
9 of 11 and
10 microbleeds 11 and
11 and 12 whether
11 and 13 this
11 and 14 is
13 this 14 is
16 by 17 apoe

in 292 persons with microbleeds , we labeled microbleeds on baseline and follow - up magnetic resonance images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 in 3 persons
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 we
2 292 3 persons
3 persons 4 with
4 with 5 microbleeds
7 we 12 and
8 labeled 9 microbleeds
8 labeled 10 on
8 labeled 12 and
10 on 11 baseline
12 and 13 follow
14 - 15 up
14 - 19 .
15 up 18 images
16 magnetic 17 resonance
17 resonance 18 images

we calculated [distance] between incident [and] prevalent microbleeds [within] and between persons and performed lobar segmentation on the magnetic resonance images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calculated
1 we 2 calculated
2 calculated 10 and
2 calculated 17 on
2 calculated 22 .
4 between 8 microbleeds
4 between 10 and
5 incident 8 microbleeds
7 prevalent 8 microbleeds
10 and 11 between
11 between 13 and
12 persons 13 and
13 and 16 segmentation
14 performed 16 segmentation
15 lobar 16 segmentation
17 on 21 images
18 the 21 images
19 magnetic 20 resonance
20 resonance 21 images

subsequently , we investigated proximity and lobar distribution in strata of apoe [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 and
4 investigated 9 in
5 proximity 6 and
6 and 8 distribution
7 lobar 8 distribution
9 in 10 strata
10 strata 11 of
11 of 12 apoe

microbleeds occurred [closer] within persons than between persons ( - 42.2 mm , 95 % confidence interval [,] - 44.6 to - 39.9 [;] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 microbleeds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 microbleeds 2 occurred
2 occurred 4 within
2 occurred 6 than
2 occurred 7 between
4 within 5 persons
7 between 8 persons
8 persons 12 mm
8 persons 17 interval
9 ( 12 mm
10 - 11 42.2
11 42.2 12 mm
12 mm 13 ,
13 , 17 interval
14 95 15 %
15 % 17 interval
16 confidence 17 interval
17 interval 21 to
17 interval 26 <
17 interval 28 )
19 - 20 44.6
20 44.6 21 to
21 to 23 39.9
22 - 23 39.9
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.001

microbleeds within apoe ε2 and ε4 carriers [occurred] closer than those in persons with ε3ε3 genotype ( - 11.9 mm , 95 % confidence interval , - 24.4 to 0.6 [;] p = 0.06 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 )(
1 microbleeds 2 within
1 microbleeds 5 and
2 within 4 ε2
3 apoe 4 ε2
5 and 6 ε4
5 and 7 carriers
5 and 16 genotype
5 and 20 mm
7 carriers 9 closer
7 carriers 14 with
7 carriers 16 genotype
9 closer 10 than
9 closer 12 in
10 than 11 those
12 in 13 persons
14 with 15 ε3ε3
17 ( 20 mm
18 - 19 11.9
19 11.9 20 mm
20 mm 21 ,
21 , 25 interval
21 , 26 ,
22 95 23 %
23 % 24 confidence
24 confidence 25 interval
26 , 27 -
26 , 33 =
27 - 29 to
28 24.4 29 to
29 to 30 0.6
29 to 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.06

persons with ε2 and ε4 alleles had a larger proportion of microbleeds in the occipital lobe than persons with ε3ε3 genotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 persons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 persons 2 with
1 persons 7 had
2 with 4 and
3 ε2 4 and
4 and 6 alleles
5 ε4 6 alleles
7 had 10 proportion
7 had 13 in
7 had 17 than
8 a 10 proportion
9 larger 10 proportion
10 proportion 11 of
11 of 12 microbleeds
13 in 16 lobe
14 the 16 lobe
15 occipital 16 lobe
17 than 18 persons
17 than 21 genotype
18 persons 19 with
18 persons 21 genotype
19 with 20 ε3ε3

similar to cerebral amyloid angiopathy patients , microbleeds in the general population cluster and the distribution is affected by apoe [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 similar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 similar 2 to
1 similar 17 is
2 to 14 and
3 cerebral 6 patients
4 amyloid 6 patients
5 angiopathy 6 patients
6 patients 7 ,
7 , 8 microbleeds
7 , 14 and
8 microbleeds 9 in
9 in 13 cluster
10 the 13 cluster
11 general 12 population
12 population 13 cluster
14 and 16 distribution
15 the 16 distribution
17 is 18 affected
18 affected 19 by
19 by 20 apoe

homozygous mutations in exon 2 of trem2 , a gene involved in nasu - hakola disease , can cause frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 homozygous 2 mutations
2 mutations 3 in
2 mutations 6 of
2 mutations 18 can
3 in 4 exon
4 exon 5 2
6 of 7 trem2
7 trem2 10 gene
8 , 10 gene
9 a 10 gene
10 gene 11 involved
10 gene 17 ,
11 involved 12 in
12 in 13 nasu
13 nasu 16 disease
14 - 16 disease
15 hakola 16 disease
16 disease 17 ,
18 can 19 cause
19 cause 21 dementia
20 frontotemporal 21 dementia
21 dementia 23 ftd
22 ( 23 ftd
23 ftd 24 )

moreover , a rare trem2 exon 2 variant ( p.r47h ) was reported to increase the risk of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) with an odds ratio as strong as that for apoeε4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 variant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 8 variant
3 a 4 rare
3 a 8 variant
4 rare 8 variant
5 trem2 6 exon
6 exon 8 variant
7 2 8 variant
8 variant 10 p.r47h
8 variant 12 was
9 ( 10 p.r47h
10 p.r47h 11 )
12 was 13 reported
13 reported 14 to
13 reported 20 's
14 to 15 increase
16 the 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
17 risk 20 's
18 of 19 alzheimer
20 's 21 disease
20 's 25 with
21 disease 23 ad
22 ( 23 ad
23 ad 24 )
25 with 28 ratio
26 an 28 ratio
27 odds 28 ratio
28 ratio 30 strong
29 as 30 strong
30 strong 31 as
30 strong 33 for
31 as 32 that
33 for 34 apoeε4

we systematically screened the trem2 coding region within a belgian study on neurodegenerative brain diseases ( 1216 ad patients , 357 ftd patients , and 1094 controls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 3 screened
2 systematically 3 screened
3 screened 7 region
3 screened 8 within
3 screened 12 on
4 the 7 region
5 trem2 6 coding
6 coding 7 region
8 within 11 study
9 a 11 study
10 belgian 11 study
12 on 15 diseases
13 neurodegenerative 14 brain
14 brain 15 diseases
15 diseases 25 and
16 ( 25 and
17 1216 19 patients
18 ad 19 patients
19 patients 20 ,
20 , 23 patients
20 , 25 and
21 357 23 patients
22 ftd 23 patients
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 controls
25 and 28 )
26 1094 27 controls

none of the rare variants individually reached significant association , but the frequency of p.r47h [was] increased ~ 3 - fold in both ad and ftd patients compared to controls , in line with previous reports . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 fold
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 11 but
1 none 21 fold
2 of 9 association
3 the 9 association
4 rare 5 variants
5 variants 9 association
6 individually 7 reached
7 reached 9 association
8 significant 9 association
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 frequency
11 but 20 -
12 the 13 frequency
13 frequency 14 of
14 of 15 p.r47h
15 p.r47h 17 increased
15 p.r47h 19 3
18 ~ 19 3
19 3 20 -
21 fold 22 in
21 fold 25 and
23 both 25 and
24 ad 25 and
25 and 27 patients
25 and 31 ,
25 and 33 line
25 and 34 with
26 ftd 27 patients
27 patients 28 compared
28 compared 29 to
29 to 30 controls
32 in 33 line
34 with 36 reports
35 previous 36 reports

meta - analysis including 11 previously screened ad cohorts confirmed the association of p.r47h with ad ( p = 2.93×10 ( - 17 ) [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 )(
1 meta 2 -
1 meta 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 including
3 analysis 7 screened
4 including 5 11
4 including 6 previously
7 screened 8 ad
7 screened 15 with
8 ad 9 cohorts
8 ad 10 confirmed
9 cohorts 10 confirmed
10 confirmed 12 association
11 the 12 association
12 association 13 of
13 of 14 p.r47h
15 with 16 ad
16 ad 19 =
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 2.93×10
20 2.93×10 23 17
21 ( 23 17
22 - 23 17
23 17 24 )

our data [corroborate] [and] extend previous findings to include an increased frequency of rare heterozygous trem2 variations in ad and ftd , and show that trem2 variants may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases in general . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 23 and
5 extend 7 findings
5 extend 8 to
5 extend 18 in
5 extend 23 and
6 previous 7 findings
8 to 9 include
9 include 12 frequency
10 an 12 frequency
11 increased 12 frequency
12 frequency 13 of
13 of 17 variations
14 rare 17 variations
15 heterozygous 17 variations
16 trem2 17 variations
18 in 21 ftd
19 ad 20 and
20 and 21 ftd
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 show
23 and 36 general
24 show 26 trem2
24 show 27 variants
24 show 29 play
25 that 26 trem2
27 variants 28 may
28 may 29 play
29 play 31 role
29 play 32 in
30 a 31 role
32 in 34 diseases
33 neurodegenerative 34 diseases
35 in 36 general

most studies on the prevalence of supplement use in the united states were cross - sectional or evaluated trends in limited variety of supplements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 most 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
2 studies 13 were
3 on 5 prevalence
4 the 5 prevalence
5 prevalence 6 of
6 of 8 use
7 supplement 8 use
8 use 9 in
9 in 12 states
10 the 12 states
11 united 12 states
13 were 14 cross
15 - 17 or
15 - 25 .
16 sectional 17 or
17 or 19 trends
17 or 20 in
18 evaluated 19 trends
20 in 22 variety
21 limited 22 variety
22 variety 23 of
23 of 24 supplements

the objective of this study was to describe the longitudinal and secular trend of dietary supplement use over the past 20 years in health professionals using data from two large prospective cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 describe
7 to 8 describe
8 describe 13 trend
8 describe 18 over
8 describe 23 in
8 describe 26 using
9 the 13 trend
10 longitudinal 11 and
11 and 12 secular
11 and 13 trend
13 trend 14 of
14 of 17 use
15 dietary 16 supplement
16 supplement 17 use
18 over 22 years
19 the 20 past
19 the 21 20
21 20 22 years
23 in 25 professionals
24 health 25 professionals
26 using 27 data
26 using 28 from
28 from 32 cohorts
29 two 32 cohorts
30 large 32 cohorts
31 prospective 32 cohorts

we analyzed cohort data from 1986 to 2006 in the nurses ' health study ( nhs ) and the health professionals follow - up study ( hpfs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 4 data
2 analyzed 9 in
3 cohort 4 data
4 data 7 to
5 from 7 to
6 1986 7 to
7 to 8 2006
9 in 18 and
10 the 11 nurses
11 nurses 12 '
12 ' 16 nhs
13 health 14 study
14 study 16 nhs
15 ( 16 nhs
16 nhs 17 )
16 nhs 18 and
18 and 22 follow
19 the 22 follow
20 health 21 professionals
21 professionals 22 follow
23 - 24 up
23 - 29 .
24 up 27 hpfs
25 study 27 hpfs
26 ( 27 hpfs
27 hpfs 28 )

in 1986 , 74,194 women aged 40 to 65 years in the nhs and 50,497 men aged 40 to 75 years in the hpfs were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 1986
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 women
4 74,194 5 women
5 women 6 aged
6 aged 8 to
6 aged 10 years
7 40 8 to
8 to 9 65
10 years 11 in
11 in 13 nhs
12 the 13 nhs
14 and 16 men
14 and 17 aged
15 50,497 16 men
16 men 17 aged
17 aged 19 to
18 40 19 to
19 to 20 75
20 75 21 years
21 years 22 in
21 years 25 were
22 in 24 hpfs
23 the 24 hpfs
25 were 26 included

use of dietary supplements including multivitamins , vitamins , and minerals was repeatedly asked every 4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 use 2 of
1 use 12 was
2 of 10 and
3 dietary 4 supplements
4 supplements 5 including
4 supplements 10 and
5 including 6 multivitamins
6 multivitamins 8 vitamins
7 , 8 vitamins
8 vitamins 9 ,
10 and 11 minerals
12 was 13 repeatedly
12 was 14 asked
14 asked 15 every
15 every 17 years
16 4 17 years

generalized estimating equation models were used for repeated analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 generalized 4 models
2 estimating 4 models
3 equation 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 for
7 for 9 analysis
8 repeated 9 analysis

prevalence of use of any supplement increased among both women ( 71.3 % to 88.3 % ) [and] men ( 56.4 % to 80.7 % ) from 1986 to 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 prevalence 2 of
1 prevalence 7 increased
2 of 3 use
3 use 4 of
4 of 6 supplement
5 any 6 supplement
7 increased 8 among
7 increased 19 men
7 increased 29 to
8 among 10 women
9 both 10 women
10 women 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 71.3 13 %
13 % 14 to
13 % 17 )
14 to 16 %
15 88.3 16 %
19 men 22 %
20 ( 22 %
21 56.4 22 %
22 % 23 to
22 % 26 )
23 to 25 %
24 80.7 25 %
27 from 29 to
28 1986 29 to
29 to 30 2006

notably , longitudinal increases in the prevalence [of] use [of] vitamin d [(] 2.2 % to 32.2 % [for] women and 1.1 % to 6.7 % for men ) , folic acid [(] 0.8 % to 10.7 % for women and 1.1 % to 13.8 % for men ) , and fish oil [(] 1.6 % to 18.1 % for women and 3.3 % to 22.2 % for men ) supplements were observed from 1990 to 2006 [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 use
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 4 increases
3 longitudinal 4 increases
4 increases 5 in
4 increases 9 use
5 in 7 prevalence
6 the 7 prevalence
9 use 11 vitamin
9 use 16 to
11 vitamin 12 d
14 2.2 15 %
14 2.2 16 to
16 to 17 32.2
17 32.2 18 %
18 % 20 women
20 women 21 and
21 and 28 men
21 and 29 )
21 and 30 ,
22 1.1 23 %
22 1.1 24 to
24 to 25 6.7
24 to 28 men
25 6.7 26 %
26 % 27 for
27 for 28 men
30 , 32 acid
30 , 41 and
31 folic 32 acid
32 acid 36 to
34 0.8 35 %
34 0.8 36 to
36 to 37 10.7
37 10.7 38 %
38 % 39 for
39 for 40 women
41 and 48 men
41 and 49 )
41 and 51 and
42 1.1 43 %
42 1.1 44 to
44 to 45 13.8
44 to 48 men
45 13.8 46 %
46 % 47 for
47 for 48 men
50 , 51 and
51 and 53 oil
51 and 60 for
51 and 62 and
52 fish 53 oil
53 oil 57 to
55 1.6 56 %
55 1.6 57 to
57 to 58 18.1
58 18.1 59 %
60 for 61 women
62 and 69 men
62 and 70 )
62 and 71 supplements
63 3.3 64 %
63 3.3 65 to
65 to 66 22.2
65 to 69 men
66 22.2 67 %
67 % 68 for
68 for 69 men
71 supplements 72 were
72 were 73 observed
73 observed 76 to
74 from 76 to
75 1990 76 to
76 to 77 2006

however , the use of vitamin a , beta carotene , vitamin c , and vitamin e supplements peaked in 1994 or 1998 , then declined steadily . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 then
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 use
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 25 then
5 of 15 and
6 vitamin 7 a
6 vitamin 8 ,
8 , 10 carotene
8 , 11 ,
9 beta 10 carotene
11 , 12 vitamin
11 , 15 and
12 vitamin 13 c
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 supplements
16 vitamin 17 e
16 vitamin 18 supplements
19 peaked 20 in
19 peaked 25 then
20 in 22 or
21 1994 22 or
22 or 23 1998
24 , 25 then
25 then 26 declined
25 then 27 steadily

a secular increase in use of multivitamins , vitamin d , folic acid , and fish oil across same age [group] was noted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 secular
1 a 3 increase
2 secular 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 6 of
3 increase 8 ,
4 in 5 use
6 of 7 multivitamins
8 , 9 vitamin
8 , 11 ,
9 vitamin 10 d
11 , 13 acid
11 , 15 and
12 folic 13 acid
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 oil
15 and 18 across
15 and 23 noted
16 fish 17 oil
18 across 19 same
19 same 20 age
19 same 22 was
20 age 22 was

in conclusion , the use of many types of dietary supplements has increased over time , but the use of antioxidant supplements has declined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 use
3 , 13 increased
3 , 17 but
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
5 use 12 has
6 of 11 supplements
7 many 8 types
8 types 9 of
8 types 11 supplements
9 of 11 supplements
10 dietary 11 supplements
12 has 13 increased
13 increased 14 over
14 over 15 time
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 use
17 but 24 declined
18 the 19 use
19 use 20 of
19 use 23 has
20 of 22 supplements
21 antioxidant 22 supplements
23 has 24 declined

the secular increase in the prevalence of use of supplements across the same age group suggests that aging of the population is not the primary reason for the increase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 increase
2 secular 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 16 suggests
4 in 6 prevalence
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 8 use
8 use 9 of
8 use 11 across
9 of 10 supplements
11 across 15 group
12 the 13 same
12 the 15 group
14 age 15 group
16 suggests 18 aging
16 suggests 22 is
17 that 18 aging
18 aging 19 of
18 aging 22 is
19 of 21 population
20 the 21 population
22 is 23 not
22 is 26 reason
24 the 26 reason
25 primary 26 reason
26 reason 27 for
27 for 29 increase
28 the 29 increase

these findings in health professionals need to be replicated in the general populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 in
2 findings 6 need
3 in 5 professionals
4 health 5 professionals
6 need 7 to
6 need 9 replicated
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 replicated
9 replicated 10 in
10 in 13 populations
11 the 13 populations
12 general 13 populations

the success of prosthetic surgery has led to an increase in the percentage of the population having more than one [prosthetic] [implant] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 success
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 success
2 success 3 of
2 success 6 has
3 of 5 surgery
4 prosthetic 5 surgery
6 has 7 led
7 led 8 to
7 led 11 in
8 to 10 increase
9 an 10 increase
11 in 13 percentage
12 the 13 percentage
13 percentage 14 of
14 of 16 population
15 the 16 population
16 population 17 having
17 having 20 one
18 more 19 than
19 than 20 one

this , combined with an increase in the average life expectancy and functional requirements for the elderly , has led to a higher incidence of periprosthetic and interprosthetic fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 , 18 ,
3 combined 4 with
3 combined 7 in
3 combined 18 ,
4 with 6 increase
5 an 6 increase
7 in 12 and
8 the 11 expectancy
9 average 10 life
10 life 11 expectancy
11 expectancy 12 and
12 and 14 requirements
12 and 15 for
13 functional 14 requirements
15 for 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 , 19 has
19 has 20 led
20 led 21 to
21 to 24 incidence
22 a 24 incidence
23 higher 24 incidence
24 incidence 25 of
25 of 29 fractures
26 periprosthetic 27 and
27 and 28 interprosthetic
27 and 29 fractures

more precisely , the femoral shaft is compressed between two ipsilateral [implants] with most of these fractures being located on the supracondylar femoral shaft . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shaft
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 more 2 precisely
2 precisely 3 ,
2 precisely 6 shaft
4 the 6 shaft
5 femoral 6 shaft
6 shaft 7 is
7 is 8 compressed
8 compressed 9 between
8 compressed 11 ipsilateral
9 between 10 two
11 ipsilateral 13 with
13 with 17 fractures
14 most 15 of
14 most 17 fractures
15 of 17 fractures
16 these 17 fractures
17 fractures 18 being
18 being 19 located
19 located 20 on
20 on 24 shaft
21 the 24 shaft
22 supracondylar 24 shaft
23 femoral 24 shaft

their treatment is not only technically demanding and challenging , but can also be associated with serious complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 their 2 treatment
2 treatment 11 but
3 is 4 not
3 is 5 only
3 is 6 technically
3 is 8 and
3 is 11 but
7 demanding 8 and
8 and 9 challenging
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 can
12 can 14 be
13 also 14 be
14 be 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 complications
17 serious 18 complications

treatment must be determined and assessed according to the type of fracture , the stability of the prosthesis , the bone quality and the general condition of the patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 treatment 2 must
2 must 3 be
3 be 5 and
4 determined 5 and
5 and 6 assessed
5 and 8 to
5 and 23 and
7 according 8 to
8 to 11 of
9 the 11 of
10 type 11 of
11 of 12 fracture
11 of 15 stability
13 , 15 stability
14 the 15 stability
15 stability 16 of
15 stability 19 ,
16 of 18 prosthesis
17 the 18 prosthesis
20 the 22 quality
21 bone 22 quality
22 quality 23 and
23 and 26 condition
23 and 27 of
24 the 26 condition
25 general 26 condition
27 of 29 patient
28 the 29 patient

there is little information in the literature about this type of injury : there are several published case reports detailing unconventional solutions and the case studies presented are limited and not significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 information
3 little 4 information
4 information 5 in
5 in 7 literature
6 the 7 literature
7 literature 8 about
7 literature 11 of
8 about 10 type
9 this 10 type
11 of 12 injury
13 : 14 there
13 : 15 are
13 : 23 and
13 : 33 .
14 there 15 are
15 are 19 reports
16 several 19 reports
17 published 19 reports
18 case 19 reports
19 reports 20 detailing
20 detailing 22 solutions
21 unconventional 22 solutions
23 and 26 studies
23 and 28 are
24 the 26 studies
25 case 26 studies
26 studies 27 presented
26 studies 28 are
28 are 30 and
29 limited 30 and
30 and 31 not
30 and 32 significant

this review aims to provide an updated [and] comprehensive list of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols accepted today , while recognising that these protocols are being continuously updated according to experience gained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 updated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 10 list
4 to 5 provide
6 an 10 list
7 updated 10 list
9 comprehensive 10 list
10 list 11 of
10 list 16 accepted
11 of 15 protocols
12 diagnostic 13 and
13 and 14 therapeutic
13 and 15 protocols
16 accepted 17 today
18 , 23 protocols
18 , 24 are
19 while 20 recognising
19 while 23 protocols
20 recognising 21 that
22 these 23 protocols
23 protocols 24 are
24 are 25 being
25 being 27 updated
26 continuously 27 updated
27 updated 29 to
28 according 29 to
29 to 30 experience
30 experience 31 gained

background : the demand for health professionals continues to increase , partially due to the aging population and the high proportion of practitioners nearing retirement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 demand
2 : 8 continues
3 the 4 demand
4 demand 5 for
4 demand 8 continues
5 for 7 professionals
6 health 7 professionals
8 continues 9 to
8 continues 10 increase
9 to 10 increase
10 increase 14 to
11 , 12 partially
11 , 14 to
13 due 14 to
14 to 18 and
14 to 26 .
15 the 17 population
16 aging 17 population
17 population 18 and
18 and 21 proportion
18 and 22 of
19 the 21 proportion
20 high 21 proportion
22 of 23 practitioners
23 practitioners 24 nearing
24 nearing 25 retirement

the university of british columbia ( ubc ) has developed a program to address this demand [,] by providing support for internationally trained physiotherapists in their preparation for taking the national physiotherapy competency examinations.the aim was to create a program comprised of the educational tools and infrastructure to support internationally educated physiotherapists ( ieps ) in their preparation for entry to practice in canada [and] , to improve their pass rate on the national competency examination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 university
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 developed
1 the 2 university
2 university 3 of
2 university 9 has
3 of 7 ubc
4 british 7 ubc
5 columbia 7 ubc
6 ( 7 ubc
7 ubc 8 )
9 has 10 developed
10 developed 12 program
10 developed 18 by
11 a 12 program
12 program 13 to
12 program 14 address
13 to 14 address
14 address 16 demand
15 this 16 demand
18 by 20 support
19 providing 20 support
20 support 21 for
21 for 24 physiotherapists
22 internationally 23 trained
23 trained 24 physiotherapists
24 physiotherapists 25 in
24 physiotherapists 35 aim
24 physiotherapists 36 was
25 in 27 preparation
26 their 27 preparation
27 preparation 28 for
28 for 29 taking
29 taking 31 national
30 the 31 national
32 physiotherapy 35 aim
33 competency 34 examinations.the
34 examinations.the 35 aim
35 aim 36 was
36 was 37 to
36 was 48 to
37 to 38 create
38 create 46 and
39 a 40 program
40 program 41 comprised
40 program 42 of
40 program 46 and
42 of 45 tools
43 the 45 tools
44 educational 45 tools
46 and 47 infrastructure
48 to 49 support
49 support 50 internationally
49 support 52 physiotherapists
49 support 56 in
49 support 59 for
49 support 61 to
51 educated 52 physiotherapists
52 physiotherapists 54 ieps
53 ( 54 ieps
54 ieps 55 )
56 in 58 preparation
57 their 58 preparation
59 for 60 entry
61 to 62 practice
62 practice 63 in
62 practice 67 to
63 in 64 canada
66 , 67 to
67 to 68 improve
67 to 77 .
68 improve 71 rate
68 improve 72 on
69 their 71 rate
70 pass 71 rate
72 on 76 examination
73 the 76 examination
74 national 76 examination
75 competency 76 examination

methods : the program was developed using a logic model and evaluated using program evaluation methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 program
2 : 5 was
3 the 4 program
4 program 5 was
5 was 11 and
6 developed 7 using
6 developed 11 and
7 using 10 model
8 a 9 logic
8 a 10 model
9 logic 10 model
11 and 12 evaluated
11 and 13 using
13 using 16 methodology
14 program 16 methodology
15 evaluation 16 methodology

program tools and resources included educational modules and curricular packages which were developed and refined based on feedback from clinical experts , ieps and clinical physical therapy mentors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 program 2 tools
2 tools 3 and
3 and 4 resources
3 and 5 included
5 included 7 modules
6 educational 7 modules
8 and 10 packages
8 and 16 based
9 curricular 10 packages
10 packages 11 which
10 packages 12 were
10 packages 16 based
11 which 12 were
12 were 14 and
13 developed 14 and
14 and 15 refined
16 based 17 on
16 based 28 mentors
17 on 18 feedback
18 feedback 19 from
19 from 24 and
20 clinical 21 experts
21 experts 22 ,
22 , 23 ieps
22 , 24 and
24 and 27 therapy
25 clinical 27 therapy
26 physical 27 therapy

an examination bank was created and used to include test [-] enhanced education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bank
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 an 2 examination
1 an 3 bank
2 examination 3 bank
3 bank 4 was
4 was 6 and
5 created 6 and
6 and 7 used
6 and 8 to
8 to 9 include
9 include 13 education
10 test 12 enhanced
12 enhanced 13 education

clinical mentors were recruited and trained to provide clinical and cultural support for participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mentors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 clinical 2 mentors
2 mentors 3 were
3 were 5 and
4 recruited 5 and
5 and 6 trained
5 and 7 to
5 and 12 support
7 to 8 provide
9 clinical 10 and
10 and 11 cultural
10 and 12 support
12 support 13 for
13 for 14 participants

results : the iep program has recruited 124 ieps , with 69 now integrated into the canadian physiotherapy workforce , and more ieps continuing to apply to the program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 program
2 : 7 recruited
3 the 5 program
4 iep 5 program
5 program 6 has
6 has 7 recruited
7 recruited 9 ieps
7 recruited 11 with
8 124 9 ieps
10 , 11 with
11 with 12 69
11 with 30 .
12 69 14 integrated
12 69 24 continuing
13 now 14 integrated
14 integrated 15 into
15 into 21 and
16 the 19 workforce
17 canadian 19 workforce
18 physiotherapy 19 workforce
19 workforce 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 ieps
22 more 23 ieps
24 continuing 25 to
25 to 26 apply
26 apply 27 to
27 to 29 program
28 the 29 program

international graduates who participated in the program had an improved pass rate on the national physiotherapy competency examination ( pce ) ; participation in the program resulted in [them] having a 28 % [(] 95 % ci , 2 % to 59 % ) greater possibility of passing the written section than their counterparts who did not take the program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 graduates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 international 2 graduates
2 graduates 3 who
2 graduates 4 participated
2 graduates 8 had
3 who 4 participated
4 participated 5 in
5 in 7 program
6 the 7 program
8 had 12 rate
8 had 13 on
9 an 12 rate
10 improved 12 rate
11 pass 12 rate
13 on 20 pce
14 the 20 pce
15 national 20 pce
16 physiotherapy 17 competency
17 competency 18 examination
18 examination 20 pce
19 ( 20 pce
20 pce 21 )
22 ; 23 participation
22 ; 27 resulted
22 ; 52 than
23 participation 24 in
23 participation 27 resulted
24 in 26 program
25 the 26 program
27 resulted 28 in
28 in 30 having
30 having 46 possibility
31 a 46 possibility
32 28 33 %
33 % 46 possibility
35 95 36 %
36 % 46 possibility
37 ci 40 %
37 ci 46 possibility
38 , 40 %
39 2 40 %
40 % 41 to
40 % 44 )
41 to 43 %
42 59 43 %
45 greater 46 possibility
46 possibility 47 of
47 of 48 passing
48 passing 51 section
49 the 51 section
50 written 51 section
52 than 54 counterparts
52 than 58 take
53 their 54 counterparts
54 counterparts 55 who
54 counterparts 56 did
54 counterparts 58 take
55 who 56 did
56 did 57 not
58 take 60 program
59 the 60 program

in 2010 , 81 % of all iep candidates who completed the ubc program passed the written component , and 82 % passed the clinical component . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 passed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 2010
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 %
4 81 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 15 passed
6 of 9 candidates
7 all 9 candidates
8 iep 9 candidates
9 candidates 10 who
9 candidates 11 completed
10 who 11 completed
11 completed 14 program
12 the 14 program
13 ubc 14 program
15 passed 18 component
15 passed 20 and
16 the 18 component
17 written 18 component
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 %
21 82 22 %
22 % 23 passed
23 passed 26 component
24 the 26 component
25 clinical 26 component

conclusion : the program has proven to be successful and sustainable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 program
2 : 6 proven
2 : 12 .
3 the 4 program
4 program 5 has
5 has 6 proven
6 proven 7 to
6 proven 8 be
7 to 8 be
8 be 10 and
9 successful 10 and
10 and 11 sustainable

this program model could be replicated to support the successful integration of other international health professionals into the workforce . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 replicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 3 model
2 program 3 model
3 model 4 could
4 could 5 be
5 be 6 replicated
6 replicated 7 to
7 to 8 support
8 support 11 integration
8 support 17 into
9 the 11 integration
10 successful 11 integration
11 integration 12 of
12 of 16 professionals
13 other 16 professionals
14 international 15 health
15 health 16 professionals
17 into 19 workforce
18 the 19 workforce

objective : the aim of this study is to investigate the presenting profile of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome [(] cts [ )(at various ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 is
2 : 26 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 is
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 is 9 to
8 is 23 )(at
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 13 profile
10 investigate 16 with
11 the 13 profile
12 presenting 13 profile
13 profile 14 of
14 of 15 patients
16 with 21 cts
17 carpal 18 tunnel
18 tunnel 21 cts
19 syndrome 21 cts
23 )(at 25 ages
24 various 25 ages

methods : we performed a cross - sectional study of cts , analysing the correlation between severity and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 6 cross
5 a 6 cross
6 cross 9 study
6 cross 13 analysing
7 - 9 study
8 sectional 9 study
9 study 10 of
9 study 12 ,
10 of 11 cts
12 , 13 analysing
13 analysing 15 correlation
13 analysing 16 between
13 analysing 20 .
14 the 15 correlation
16 between 18 and
17 severity 18 and
18 and 19 age

results : we examined 3108 subjects with cts , whose frequency increased from 20.9 % for the age group 20 - 29 years to 61.7 % for the age group 50 - 59 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
2 : 9 ,
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 6 subjects
4 examined 7 with
5 3108 6 subjects
7 with 8 cts
9 , 10 whose
9 , 12 increased
10 whose 11 frequency
11 frequency 12 increased
12 increased 13 from
12 increased 16 for
12 increased 19 group
13 from 15 %
14 20.9 15 %
16 for 18 age
17 the 18 age
19 group 20 20
20 20 21 -
21 - 23 years
22 29 23 years
23 years 24 to
23 years 30 group
24 to 26 %
25 61.7 26 %
26 % 27 for
27 for 29 age
28 the 29 age
30 group 34 years
31 50 32 -
32 - 33 59
32 - 34 years

it remained at almost 50 % in people aged over 80 years ( 49.2 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 2 remained
2 remained 3 at
2 remained 7 in
3 at 6 %
4 almost 5 50
5 50 6 %
7 in 8 people
8 people 9 aged
9 aged 10 over
10 over 12 years
11 80 12 years
12 years 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 49.2 15 %
15 % 16 )

more than 50 % of people younger than 30 years had mild cts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 more 2 than
2 than 3 50
3 50 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 11 had
5 of 6 people
6 people 7 younger
7 younger 8 than
8 than 10 years
9 30 10 years
11 had 13 cts
12 mild 13 cts

severe cts progressively increased , reaching more than 50 % of the cts diagnoses in people over 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
1 severe 2 cts
2 cts 4 increased
3 progressively 4 increased
4 increased 6 reaching
5 , 6 reaching
6 reaching 10 %
6 reaching 15 in
6 reaching 20 .
7 more 8 than
8 than 9 50
9 50 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 14 diagnoses
12 the 14 diagnoses
13 cts 14 diagnoses
15 in 16 people
16 people 17 over
17 over 19 years
18 80 19 years

of the total number of cases , 80.8 % of subjects had bilateral cts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 of 6 cases
1 of 7 ,
1 of 9 %
2 the 4 number
3 total 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 cases
5 of 6 cases
8 80.8 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 12 had
10 of 11 subjects
12 had 14 cts
13 bilateral 14 cts

mild ncs - emg abnormalities were seen in 74.1 % of patients with unilateral involvement , whereas moderate and severe cts appeared in 70.3 % of patients with bilateral involvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 mild 2 ncs
2 ncs 4 emg
3 - 4 emg
4 emg 5 abnormalities
5 abnormalities 6 were
6 were 7 seen
7 seen 8 in
7 seen 13 with
7 seen 17 whereas
8 in 10 %
9 74.1 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 12 patients
13 with 15 involvement
14 unilateral 15 involvement
16 , 17 whereas
17 whereas 21 cts
18 moderate 19 and
19 and 20 severe
19 and 21 cts
21 cts 22 appeared
22 appeared 23 in
22 appeared 28 with
23 in 25 %
24 70.3 25 %
25 % 26 of
26 of 27 patients
28 with 30 involvement
29 bilateral 30 involvement

conclusion : there was a clear trend of deterioration with advancing years when comparing severity to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 18 .
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 trend
5 a 6 clear
5 a 7 trend
6 clear 7 trend
7 trend 8 of
7 trend 10 with
8 of 9 deterioration
10 with 11 advancing
11 advancing 12 years
11 advancing 13 when
13 when 14 comparing
14 comparing 15 severity
15 severity 16 to
15 severity 17 age
16 to 17 age

significance : cts seems to be a chronic condition whose signs and symptoms may vary and progress , becoming worse over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cts
2 : 4 seems
2 : 23 .
3 cts 4 seems
4 seems 5 to
4 seems 6 be
5 to 6 be
6 be 16 and
7 a 9 condition
8 chronic 9 condition
9 condition 10 whose
9 condition 16 and
10 whose 11 signs
11 signs 12 and
12 and 13 symptoms
12 and 14 may
14 may 15 vary
16 and 17 progress
16 and 18 ,
16 and 19 becoming
19 becoming 20 worse
20 worse 21 over
21 over 22 time

male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results from failure to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone , normal amounts of sperm , or both . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypogonadism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 male 2 hypogonadism
2 hypogonadism 3 is
3 is 6 syndrome
3 is 11 to
4 a 5 clinical
4 a 6 syndrome
5 clinical 6 syndrome
6 syndrome 7 that
6 syndrome 8 results
7 that 8 results
8 results 9 from
9 from 10 failure
11 to 12 produce
12 produce 14 concentrations
13 physiological 14 concentrations
14 concentrations 15 of
14 concentrations 20 of
15 of 19 amounts
16 testosterone 17 ,
16 testosterone 19 amounts
18 normal 19 amounts
20 of 23 or
21 sperm 23 or
22 , 23 or
23 or 24 both

hypogonadism may arise from testicular disease ( primary hypogonadism [ )(or dysfunction of the hypothalamic - pituitary unit ( secondary hypogonadism ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hypogonadism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 arise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 hypogonadism 2 may
2 may 3 arise
3 arise 4 from
4 from 6 disease
5 testicular 6 disease
6 disease 11 )(or
7 ( 11 )(or
8 primary 9 hypogonadism
9 hypogonadism 11 )(or
11 )(or 12 dysfunction
11 )(or 13 of
11 )(or 22 )
13 of 18 unit
14 the 18 unit
15 hypothalamic 16 -
15 hypothalamic 18 unit
17 pituitary 18 unit
18 unit 21 hypogonadism
19 ( 21 hypogonadism
20 secondary 21 hypogonadism
21 hypogonadism 22 )

clinical presentations vary dependent on the time [of] onset of androgen deficiency , whether the defect is in testosterone production or spermatogenesis , associated genetic factors , or history of androgen therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 clinical 2 presentations
1 clinical 3 vary
1 clinical 4 dependent
1 clinical 24 associated
2 presentations 3 vary
4 dependent 5 on
4 dependent 14 whether
5 on 9 onset
6 the 9 onset
7 time 9 onset
9 onset 10 of
10 of 12 deficiency
11 androgen 12 deficiency
13 , 14 whether
14 whether 16 defect
14 whether 17 is
14 whether 23 ,
15 the 16 defect
16 defect 17 is
17 is 18 in
18 in 21 or
19 testosterone 20 production
20 production 21 or
21 or 22 spermatogenesis
24 associated 28 or
25 genetic 26 factors
26 factors 28 or
27 , 28 or
28 or 29 history
28 or 30 of
30 of 32 therapy
31 androgen 32 therapy

the clinical diagnosis of hypogonadism is made on the basis of signs and symptoms consistent with androgen deficiency and low morning testosterone concentrations in serum on multiple occasions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 diagnosis
2 clinical 3 diagnosis
3 diagnosis 4 of
3 diagnosis 6 is
4 of 5 hypogonadism
6 is 7 made
7 made 8 on
8 on 10 basis
9 the 10 basis
10 basis 11 of
11 of 12 signs
13 and 14 symptoms
13 and 22 testosterone
14 symptoms 15 consistent
14 symptoms 22 testosterone
15 consistent 16 with
16 with 19 and
17 androgen 18 deficiency
18 deficiency 19 and
19 and 21 morning
20 low 21 morning
22 testosterone 23 concentrations
22 testosterone 24 in
22 testosterone 26 on
24 in 25 serum
26 on 28 occasions
27 multiple 28 occasions

several testosterone - replacement therapies are approved for treatment and should be selected according to the patient 's preference , cost , availability , and formulation - specific properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 several 5 therapies
2 testosterone 3 -
2 testosterone 5 therapies
4 replacement 5 therapies
5 therapies 6 are
6 are 10 and
7 approved 8 for
7 approved 10 and
8 for 9 treatment
10 and 11 should
10 and 15 to
11 should 12 be
12 be 13 selected
14 according 15 to
15 to 19 preference
16 the 17 patient
17 patient 18 's
18 's 19 preference
19 preference 21 cost
19 preference 25 and
20 , 21 cost
21 cost 22 ,
22 , 25 and
23 availability 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 formulation
25 and 27 -
27 - 29 properties
27 - 30 .
28 specific 29 properties

contraindications to testosterone - replacement therapy include prostate [and] breast cancers , uncontrolled congestive heart failure , severe lower - urinary - tract symptoms , and erythrocytosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 contraindications 2 to
1 contraindications 26 and
2 to 11 cancers
3 testosterone 4 -
3 testosterone 5 replacement
5 replacement 10 breast
6 therapy 8 prostate
7 include 8 prostate
8 prostate 10 breast
10 breast 11 cancers
11 cancers 16 failure
11 cancers 24 symptoms
12 , 16 failure
13 uncontrolled 15 heart
14 congestive 15 heart
15 heart 16 failure
16 failure 17 ,
17 , 24 symptoms
18 severe 23 tract
19 lower 20 -
19 lower 23 tract
21 urinary 22 -
21 urinary 23 tract
23 tract 24 symptoms
24 symptoms 25 ,
26 and 27 erythrocytosis

treatment should be monitored for benefits and adverse effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 monitored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 treatment 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 4 monitored
4 monitored 5 for
5 for 7 and
6 benefits 7 and
7 and 9 effects
8 adverse 9 effects

rationale and objectives : separate quantification of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat regions is essential to understand the role of regional adiposity as risk [factor] in epidemiological studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 rationale 2 and
2 and 3 objectives
4 : 5 separate
4 : 14 is
5 separate 14 is
6 quantification 7 of
6 quantification 14 is
7 of 13 regions
8 abdominal 13 regions
9 subcutaneous 10 and
10 and 11 visceral
10 and 13 regions
12 fat 13 regions
14 is 15 essential
15 essential 16 to
16 to 17 understand
17 understand 19 role
17 understand 23 as
17 understand 26 in
18 the 19 role
19 role 20 of
20 of 22 adiposity
21 regional 22 adiposity
23 as 24 risk
26 in 28 studies
27 epidemiological 28 studies

fat quantification is often based on computed tomography ( ct ) because fat density is distinct from other tissue densities in the abdomen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quantification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 fat 2 quantification
2 quantification 3 is
3 is 4 often
3 is 5 based
5 based 6 on
5 based 12 because
6 on 8 tomography
7 computed 8 tomography
8 tomography 10 ct
9 ( 10 ct
10 ct 11 )
12 because 14 density
12 because 15 is
13 fat 14 density
14 density 15 is
15 is 16 distinct
16 distinct 17 from
16 distinct 21 in
17 from 20 densities
18 other 20 densities
19 tissue 20 densities
21 in 23 abdomen
22 the 23 abdomen

however , the presence of intestinal food residues with densities similar to fat may reduce fat quantification accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 presence
3 the 4 presence
4 presence 5 of
4 presence 14 may
5 of 8 residues
6 intestinal 7 food
7 food 8 residues
8 residues 9 with
9 with 10 densities
10 densities 11 similar
11 similar 12 to
12 to 13 fat
14 may 15 reduce
15 reduce 18 accuracy
16 fat 17 quantification
17 quantification 18 accuracy

we introduce an abdominal fat quantification method in ct with interest in food residue removal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 introduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 introduce
2 introduce 7 method
2 introduce 8 in
2 introduce 10 with
2 introduce 12 in
3 an 4 abdominal
3 an 7 method
4 abdominal 5 fat
5 fat 7 method
6 quantification 7 method
8 in 9 ct
10 with 11 interest
12 in 15 removal
13 food 15 removal
14 residue 15 removal

materials and methods : total fat was identified in the feature space of hounsfield units and divided into subcutaneous and visceral components using model - based segmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 fat
4 : 16 and
4 : 25 -
4 : 28 .
5 total 6 fat
6 fat 16 and
7 was 8 identified
7 was 16 and
8 identified 9 in
9 in 12 space
10 the 12 space
11 feature 12 space
12 space 13 of
13 of 15 units
14 hounsfield 15 units
16 and 17 divided
16 and 18 into
18 into 20 and
19 subcutaneous 20 and
20 and 24 model
21 visceral 22 components
22 components 24 model
23 using 24 model
25 - 27 segmentation
26 based 27 segmentation

regions of food residues were identified and removed from visceral fat using a machine learning method integrating intensity , texture , and spatial information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 regions 2 of
1 regions 19 ,
2 of 4 residues
3 food 4 residues
4 residues 7 and
4 residues 9 from
5 were 6 identified
5 were 7 and
7 and 8 removed
9 from 11 fat
10 visceral 11 fat
11 fat 12 using
12 using 18 intensity
13 a 18 intensity
14 machine 16 method
15 learning 16 method
16 method 18 intensity
17 integrating 18 intensity
19 , 20 texture
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 information
23 spatial 24 information

cost - weighting and bagging techniques were investigated to address class imbalance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 - 3 weighting
2 - 4 and
4 and 6 techniques
4 and 8 investigated
5 bagging 6 techniques
6 techniques 7 were
7 were 8 investigated
8 investigated 9 to
9 to 10 address
10 address 12 imbalance
11 class 12 imbalance

results : we validated our automated food residue removal technique against semimanual quantifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 validated
2 : 14 .
3 we 4 validated
4 validated 10 technique
4 validated 11 against
5 our 10 technique
6 automated 7 food
7 food 10 technique
8 residue 10 technique
9 removal 10 technique
11 against 13 quantifications
12 semimanual 13 quantifications

our feature selection experiments indicated that joint intensity and texture features produce the highest classification accuracy at 95 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 4 experiments
2 feature 4 experiments
3 selection 4 experiments
4 experiments 5 indicated
5 indicated 9 and
5 indicated 12 produce
6 that 8 intensity
7 joint 8 intensity
8 intensity 9 and
9 and 11 features
9 and 12 produce
10 texture 11 features
12 produce 16 accuracy
12 produce 17 at
13 the 14 highest
13 the 16 accuracy
15 classification 16 accuracy
17 at 19 %
18 95 19 %

we explored generalization capability using [k] - fold cross - validation and receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis [with] variable [k] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 explored
2 explored 5 using
3 generalization 5 using
4 capability 5 using
7 - 9 cross
7 - 10 -
8 fold 9 cross
10 - 12 and
11 validation 12 and
12 and 21 variable
13 receiver 14 operating
14 operating 19 analysis
15 characteristic 17 roc
15 characteristic 18 )
15 characteristic 19 analysis
16 ( 17 roc
17 roc 18 )
19 analysis 21 variable

losses in accuracy and area under roc curve between maximum and minimum [k] were limited to 0.1 [%] and 0.3 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 losses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 curve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 losses 2 in
1 losses 8 curve
2 in 4 and
3 accuracy 4 and
4 and 5 area
4 and 6 under
6 under 7 roc
8 curve 9 between
9 between 21 %
10 maximum 11 and
11 and 12 minimum
11 and 14 were
14 were 15 limited
15 limited 16 to
16 to 19 and
17 0.1 19 and
19 and 20 0.3
20 0.3 21 %

we validated tissue segmentation against reference semimanual delineations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 validated
2 validated 4 segmentation
2 validated 5 against
3 tissue 4 segmentation
5 against 8 delineations
6 reference 8 delineations
7 semimanual 8 delineations

the dice similarity scores were as high as 93.1 for subcutaneous fat [and] 85.6 for visceral fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 scores
2 dice 4 scores
3 similarity 4 scores
4 scores 5 were
5 were 7 high
6 as 7 high
7 high 8 as
8 as 9 93.1
8 as 10 for
10 for 12 fat
11 subcutaneous 12 fat
12 fat 14 85.6
12 fat 15 for
15 for 17 fat
16 visceral 17 fat

conclusions : computer - aided regional abdominal fat quantification is a reliable computational tool for large - scale epidemiological studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 computer
4 - 9 quantification
4 - 10 is
4 - 21 .
5 aided 9 quantification
6 regional 9 quantification
7 abdominal 9 quantification
8 fat 9 quantification
9 quantification 10 is
10 is 14 tool
11 a 12 reliable
11 a 14 tool
12 reliable 14 tool
13 computational 14 tool
14 tool 15 for
15 for 20 studies
16 large 17 -
16 large 18 scale
18 scale 20 studies
19 epidemiological 20 studies

our proposed intestinal food residue reduction scheme is an original contribution of this work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 scheme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 our 7 scheme
2 proposed 4 food
3 intestinal 4 food
4 food 7 scheme
5 residue 7 scheme
6 reduction 7 scheme
7 scheme 8 is
8 is 11 contribution
9 an 10 original
9 an 11 contribution
10 original 11 contribution
11 contribution 12 of
12 of 14 work
13 this 14 work

validation experiments indicate very good accuracy and generalization capability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 validation 2 experiments
2 experiments 3 indicate
3 indicate 7 and
4 very 5 good
5 good 6 accuracy
6 accuracy 7 and
7 and 9 capability
8 generalization 9 capability

background : retirement migration from northern countries to southern countries is increasing in both europe and north america , and retiree experiences will impact future migration and health services utilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 retirement
2 : 27 and
3 retirement 4 migration
3 retirement 12 increasing
4 migration 5 from
4 migration 11 is
5 from 7 countries
6 northern 7 countries
7 countries 8 to
8 to 10 countries
9 southern 10 countries
11 is 12 increasing
12 increasing 13 in
13 in 20 and
14 both 20 and
15 europe 16 and
16 and 18 america
16 and 20 and
17 north 18 america
19 , 20 and
20 and 26 migration
21 retiree 22 experiences
22 experiences 23 will
23 will 26 migration
24 impact 25 future
25 future 26 migration
27 and 28 health
27 and 29 services
28 health 29 services
29 services 30 utilization

we therefore sought to describe the healthcare experiences and perceptions of retired u.s . citizens currently living in mexico and panama . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 3 sought
2 therefore 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 describe
4 to 5 describe
5 describe 9 and
6 the 8 experiences
7 healthcare 8 experiences
8 experiences 9 and
9 and 10 perceptions
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 u.s
12 retired 13 u.s
14 . 20 and
14 . 22 .
15 citizens 17 living
15 citizens 20 and
16 currently 17 living
17 living 18 in
18 in 19 mexico
20 and 21 panama

methods : 46 retired u.s . citizens ( 23 per country [ )(who had been hospitalized ( 61 % ) [or] had a chronic health condition ( 78 % ) in two regions per country with large communities of retired u.s . citizens were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 u.s
2 : 6 .
3 46 5 u.s
4 retired 5 u.s
6 . 7 citizens
6 . 22 had
6 . 42 .
6 . 46 .
7 citizens 9 23
7 citizens 22 had
8 ( 9 23
9 23 10 per
9 23 13 )(who
9 23 14 had
9 23 19 %
9 23 20 )
10 per 11 country
13 )(who 14 had
14 had 15 been
15 been 16 hospitalized
17 ( 19 %
18 61 19 %
19 % 20 )
22 had 26 condition
22 had 31 in
23 a 24 chronic
23 a 26 condition
24 chronic 25 health
25 health 26 condition
26 condition 29 %
27 ( 29 %
28 78 29 %
29 % 30 )
31 in 33 regions
32 two 33 regions
33 regions 34 per
33 regions 36 with
33 regions 39 of
34 per 35 country
36 with 38 communities
37 large 38 communities
39 of 41 u.s
40 retired 41 u.s
42 . 43 citizens
42 . 44 were
43 citizens 44 were
44 were 45 identified

detailed semi - structured interviews were conducted to explore experiences [with] , attitudes [toward] , and costs [of] healthcare . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 detailed 5 interviews
2 semi 3 -
2 semi 5 interviews
4 structured 5 interviews
5 interviews 6 were
6 were 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 to
7 conducted 19 healthcare
8 to 16 and
9 explore 10 experiences
9 explore 16 and
10 experiences 13 attitudes
12 , 13 attitudes
13 attitudes 15 ,
16 and 17 costs

interviews were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 interviews 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 using
4 using 8 methods
5 quantitative 6 and
6 and 7 qualitative
6 and 8 methods

results : respondents averaged 68 - 70 years old , were well educated , had few physical dependencies , and had moderate incomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 9 old
3 respondents 4 averaged
4 averaged 6 -
5 68 6 -
6 - 7 70
7 70 8 years
8 years 9 old
10 , 14 ,
11 were 12 well
11 were 14 ,
12 well 13 educated
14 , 20 and
15 had 18 dependencies
15 had 20 and
16 few 18 dependencies
17 physical 18 dependencies
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 had
21 had 23 incomes
22 moderate 23 incomes

they praised physician services as more personalized than in the u.s . and home care as inexpensive and widely available , expressed favorable opinions regarding outpatient and dental care , gave mixed ratings on hospital services , and expressed concerns about emergency services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 praised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 they 2 praised
2 praised 4 services
3 physician 4 services
4 services 5 as
4 services 7 personalized
4 services 9 in
5 as 6 more
7 personalized 8 than
9 in 11 u.s
10 the 11 u.s
12 . 13 and
12 . 44 .
13 and 27 and
13 and 31 gave
14 home 15 care
15 care 16 as
15 care 27 and
16 as 18 and
17 inexpensive 18 and
18 and 26 outpatient
19 widely 20 available
20 available 21 ,
20 available 26 outpatient
22 expressed 26 outpatient
23 favorable 26 outpatient
24 opinions 26 outpatient
25 regarding 26 outpatient
27 and 29 care
27 and 30 ,
27 and 31 gave
28 dental 29 care
31 gave 33 ratings
31 gave 38 and
32 mixed 33 ratings
33 ratings 34 on
34 on 36 services
35 hospital 36 services
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 concerns
38 and 43 services
39 expressed 40 concerns
40 concerns 41 about
41 about 42 emergency

numerous concerns about health insurance were expressed , including the unavailability of medicare and reductions in tricare . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concerns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 expressed
1 numerous 2 concerns
2 concerns 3 about
2 concerns 6 were
3 about 5 insurance
4 health 5 insurance
6 were 7 expressed
7 expressed 9 including
8 , 9 including
9 including 11 unavailability
9 including 16 in
9 including 18 .
10 the 11 unavailability
11 unavailability 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 medicare 14 and
14 and 15 reductions
16 in 17 tricare

payment concerns and lack of data on local health providers made deciding where to obtain services challenging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 payment 2 concerns
2 concerns 3 and
3 and 4 lack
3 and 5 of
5 of 6 data
6 data 7 on
6 data 14 to
6 data 17 challenging
7 on 10 providers
8 local 9 health
9 health 10 providers
10 providers 11 made
10 providers 12 deciding
12 deciding 13 where
14 to 15 obtain
15 obtain 16 services
16 services 17 challenging

conclusions : retirees living abroad report dilemmas regarding healthcare choices , insurance availability , and quality of care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 retirees
2 : 6 report
2 : 11 ,
2 : 19 .
3 retirees 4 living
3 retirees 6 report
4 living 5 abroad
6 report 7 dilemmas
7 dilemmas 8 regarding
8 regarding 10 choices
9 healthcare 10 choices
11 , 15 and
12 insurance 13 availability
13 availability 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 quality
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 care

as this population segment grows , pressure will increase for policy and business solutions to existing medical care challenges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 as 4 segment
1 as 5 grows
1 as 6 ,
1 as 7 pressure
2 this 4 segment
3 population 4 segment
4 segment 5 grows
7 pressure 8 will
8 will 9 increase
9 increase 10 for
9 increase 15 to
10 for 12 and
11 policy 12 and
12 and 14 solutions
13 business 14 solutions
15 to 19 challenges
16 existing 18 care
17 medical 18 care
18 care 19 challenges

objectives : large tooth substance losses are frequent in posterior teeth because of primary caries or aging restorations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 large
2 : 7 are
2 : 19 .
3 large 7 are
4 tooth 6 losses
5 substance 6 losses
6 losses 7 are
7 are 8 frequent
8 frequent 9 in
8 frequent 12 because
9 in 11 teeth
10 posterior 11 teeth
12 because 13 of
13 of 16 or
14 primary 15 caries
15 caries 16 or
16 or 18 restorations
17 aging 18 restorations

inlays and onlays are often the minimal invasive solution in such cases , but the efficacy of the composite and ceramic materials used is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 inlays 2 and
2 and 3 onlays
2 and 4 are
4 are 5 often
4 are 9 solution
6 the 9 solution
7 minimal 9 solution
8 invasive 9 solution
9 solution 10 in
10 in 12 cases
11 such 12 cases
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 efficacy
14 but 24 is
15 the 16 efficacy
16 efficacy 17 of
16 efficacy 24 is
17 of 20 and
18 the 19 composite
19 composite 20 and
20 and 22 materials
20 and 23 used
21 ceramic 22 materials
24 is 25 unknown

we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of composite and ceramic inlays or onlays . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 5 review
3 a 4 systematic
3 a 5 review
4 systematic 5 review
5 review 6 of
6 of 9 trials
7 randomized 9 trials
8 controlled 9 trials
9 trials 10 comparing
9 trials 13 of
10 comparing 12 efficacy
11 the 12 efficacy
13 of 18 or
14 composite 15 and
15 and 16 ceramic
15 and 17 inlays
17 inlays 18 or
18 or 19 onlays

data sources : medline , embase and the cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched without any restriction on date or language , [as] were references of eligible studies and clinicaltrials.gov . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sources
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 data 2 sources
3 : 4 medline
3 : 5 ,
5 , 22 or
5 , 24 ,
6 embase 7 and
7 and 21 date
7 and 22 or
8 the 21 date
9 cochrane 10 central
10 central 11 register
11 register 12 of
11 register 21 date
12 of 13 controlled
13 controlled 14 trials
13 controlled 20 on
14 trials 15 were
15 were 16 searched
16 searched 17 without
16 searched 20 on
17 without 19 restriction
18 any 19 restriction
22 or 23 language
24 , 26 were
26 were 27 references
27 references 28 of
28 of 31 and
29 eligible 30 studies
30 studies 31 and
31 and 32 clinicaltrials.gov

study selection : eligible studies were randomized trials comparing the clinical efficacy of composite to ceramic inlays or onlays in adults with any clinical outcome for at least 6 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 study 2 selection
3 : 5 studies
3 : 6 were
4 eligible 5 studies
5 studies 6 were
6 were 8 trials
7 randomized 8 trials
8 trials 9 comparing
9 comparing 12 efficacy
9 comparing 20 in
9 comparing 22 with
9 comparing 26 for
10 the 12 efficacy
11 clinical 12 efficacy
12 efficacy 13 of
13 of 18 or
14 composite 15 to
14 composite 18 or
15 to 17 inlays
16 ceramic 17 inlays
18 or 19 onlays
20 in 21 adults
22 with 25 outcome
23 any 25 outcome
24 clinical 25 outcome
26 for 30 months
27 at 28 least
28 least 29 6
29 6 30 months

from 172 records identified , we examined reports of 2 randomized controlled trials involving 138 inlays ( no onlays evaluated ) in 80 patients [and] exhibiting a high - risk of bias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 from 3 records
1 from 6 we
2 172 3 records
4 identified 5 ,
4 identified 6 we
6 we 7 examined
7 examined 8 reports
7 examined 22 in
8 reports 9 of
8 reports 14 involving
9 of 13 trials
10 2 13 trials
11 randomized 13 trials
12 controlled 13 trials
14 involving 16 inlays
15 138 16 inlays
16 inlays 19 onlays
17 ( 19 onlays
18 no 19 onlays
19 onlays 20 evaluated
19 onlays 21 )
22 in 24 patients
23 80 24 patients
24 patients 26 exhibiting
24 patients 31 of
26 exhibiting 30 risk
27 a 28 high
27 a 30 risk
28 high 29 -
28 high 30 risk
31 of 32 bias

outcomes were clinical scores and major failures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 outcomes 5 and
2 were 4 scores
2 were 5 and
3 clinical 4 scores
5 and 6 major
5 and 7 failures

the 3 [-] year overall failure risk ratio was 2 [ 0.38 - 10.55 ] in favor of ceramic inlays [although] [not] statistically [significant] [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 the 8 ratio
2 3 4 year
4 year 6 failure
5 overall 6 failure
6 failure 8 ratio
7 risk 8 ratio
8 ratio 9 was
9 was 10 2
9 was 13 -
9 was 16 in
9 was 23 statistically
11 [ 13 -
12 0.38 13 -
13 - 14 10.55
13 - 15 ]
16 in 17 favor
17 favor 18 of
18 of 20 inlays
19 ceramic 20 inlays

the reported clinical scores ( united states public health services and californian dental association ) showed considerable heterogeneity between trials and could not be combined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 4 scores
2 reported 4 scores
3 clinical 4 scores
4 scores 11 and
4 scores 21 and
5 ( 11 and
6 united 7 states
7 states 8 public
8 public 9 health
9 health 10 services
10 services 11 and
11 and 14 association
11 and 15 )
12 californian 13 dental
13 dental 14 association
16 showed 18 heterogeneity
16 showed 19 between
16 showed 21 and
17 considerable 18 heterogeneity
19 between 20 trials
21 and 22 could
22 could 23 not
22 could 24 be
24 be 25 combined

conclusions : we have very limited evidence [that] [ceramics] perform better than composite material for inlays in the short term . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 perform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 have
3 we 4 have
4 have 7 evidence
4 have 10 perform
5 very 6 limited
6 limited 7 evidence
10 perform 11 better
10 perform 12 than
10 perform 17 in
12 than 14 material
13 composite 14 material
14 material 15 for
15 for 16 inlays
17 in 20 term
18 the 20 term
19 short 20 term

however , this result may not be valid in the long term , and other trials are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 result
3 this 4 result
4 result 5 may
5 may 6 not
5 may 7 be
7 be 8 valid
8 valid 9 in
9 in 12 term
10 the 12 term
11 long 12 term
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 trials
14 and 18 needed
15 other 16 trials
16 trials 17 are
17 are 18 needed

trials should follow fédération dentaire internationale recommendations and enhance their methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 trials 8 and
2 should 3 follow
2 should 8 and
3 follow 7 recommendations
4 fédération 7 recommendations
5 dentaire 7 recommendations
6 internationale 7 recommendations
8 and 9 enhance
9 enhance 11 methodology
10 their 11 methodology

trials comparing composite and ceramic onlays are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 trials 2 comparing
1 trials 7 are
2 comparing 6 onlays
3 composite 4 and
4 and 5 ceramic
4 and 6 onlays
7 are 8 needed

background : no standard definition exists for the concept " persistent pain self - management " or how it should be defined in relation to older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 5 definition
2 : 6 exists
2 : 14 -
3 no 5 definition
4 standard 5 definition
5 definition 6 exists
6 exists 7 for
7 for 13 self
8 the 13 self
9 concept 10 "
9 concept 13 self
11 persistent 12 pain
12 pain 13 self
14 - 17 or
15 management 16 "
15 management 17 or
17 or 18 how
17 or 19 it
17 or 21 be
17 or 22 defined
17 or 23 in
19 it 20 should
20 should 21 be
23 in 24 relation
24 relation 25 to
25 to 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

poorly defined concepts can result in misunderstandings in the clinical setting and can hinder research through difficulties identifying or measuring the concept . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concepts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 poorly 3 concepts
2 defined 3 concepts
3 concepts 12 and
4 can 5 result
4 can 12 and
5 result 6 in
5 result 8 in
6 in 7 misunderstandings
8 in 11 setting
9 the 11 setting
10 clinical 11 setting
12 and 13 can
12 and 22 concept
13 can 14 hinder
14 hinder 15 research
14 hinder 16 through
14 hinder 19 or
16 through 17 difficulties
18 identifying 19 or
19 or 20 measuring
21 the 22 concept

objective : to ascertain attributes , referents , antecedents , and consequences of the concept older adults ' persistent pain self [-] management and develop a theoretical definition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 ascertain
3 to 4 ascertain
4 ascertain 11 and
4 ascertain 24 and
5 attributes 6 ,
6 , 7 referents
6 , 8 ,
8 , 9 antecedents
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 consequences
11 and 13 of
11 and 24 and
13 of 19 persistent
14 the 17 adults
15 concept 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
17 adults 18 '
18 ' 19 persistent
20 pain 23 management
20 pain 24 and
21 self 23 management
24 and 25 develop
24 and 28 definition
26 a 28 definition
27 theoretical 28 definition

design : rodgers evolutionary model [of] concept analysis was used to systematically analyze articles from the academic and grey literature ( n = 45 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 analyze
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 rodgers
3 rodgers 8 analysis
3 rodgers 13 analyze
4 evolutionary 5 model
5 model 7 concept
7 concept 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 was
9 was 10 used
10 used 11 to
10 used 13 analyze
11 to 13 analyze
12 systematically 13 analyze
13 analyze 14 articles
13 analyze 15 from
13 analyze 23 =
15 from 20 literature
16 the 20 literature
17 academic 18 and
18 and 19 grey
18 and 20 literature
21 ( 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 45
23 = 25 )

data were extracted using standardized extraction forms and analyzed using thematic analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 data 8 and
2 were 3 extracted
2 were 8 and
3 extracted 4 using
4 using 7 forms
5 standardized 6 extraction
6 extraction 7 forms
8 and 9 analyzed
8 and 10 using
10 using 12 analysis
11 thematic 12 analysis

findings : this concept was discussed in three ways [:] as an intervention , in reference to everyday behaviors , and [as] an outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 concept
2 : 6 discussed
3 this 4 concept
4 concept 5 was
5 was 6 discussed
6 discussed 7 in
7 in 21 and
8 three 9 ways
9 ways 11 as
9 ways 21 and
11 as 13 intervention
12 an 13 intervention
13 intervention 15 in
14 , 15 in
15 in 16 reference
15 in 20 ,
16 reference 17 to
17 to 19 behaviors
18 everyday 19 behaviors
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 outcome
23 an 24 outcome

five defining attributes were identified : multidimensional process , personal development , active individuals , symptom response , and symptom control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 five
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 five 2 defining
1 five 4 were
2 defining 3 attributes
4 were 5 identified
6 : 19 and
6 : 22 .
7 multidimensional 8 process
8 process 9 ,
9 , 11 development
9 , 12 ,
10 personal 11 development
12 , 14 individuals
12 , 15 ,
13 active 14 individuals
15 , 17 response
15 , 19 and
16 symptom 17 response
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 control
20 symptom 21 control

patients ' perceived need and ability to manage pain with support from others is necessary for pain self [-] management to occur . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 '
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 patients 2 '
2 ' 5 and
3 perceived 4 need
3 perceived 5 and
5 and 22 occur
6 ability 7 to
6 ability 8 manage
6 ability 14 is
7 to 8 manage
8 manage 9 pain
8 manage 10 with
8 manage 12 from
10 with 11 support
12 from 13 others
14 is 15 necessary
15 necessary 16 for
15 necessary 21 to
16 for 20 management
17 pain 20 management
18 self 20 management
21 to 22 occur

numerous physical , psychological , and social health consequences were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 numerous 8 health
2 physical 3 ,
3 , 4 psychological
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 7 social
6 and 8 health
8 health 9 consequences
9 consequences 10 were
10 were 11 identified

a theoretical definition is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 definition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 a 2 theoretical
1 a 3 definition
2 theoretical 3 definition
3 definition 4 is
4 is 5 discussed

conclusions : our findings have clarified existing use and understanding regarding the concept of older adults ' persistent pain self - management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 6 clarified
2 : 21 -
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 have
5 have 6 clarified
6 clarified 9 and
7 existing 8 use
8 use 9 and
9 and 10 understanding
9 and 11 regarding
9 and 14 of
11 regarding 13 concept
12 the 13 concept
14 of 20 self
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 '
17 ' 20 self
18 persistent 20 self
19 pain 20 self
21 - 22 management

we have identified three areas for future development : refinement of the attributes of this concept within the context of older adults , an exploration of how providers can overcome difficulties supporting older adults ' persistent pain self - management , and [a] clarification of the overall theoretical framework of older adults ' persistent pain self - management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 identified
3 identified 5 areas
3 identified 6 for
4 three 5 areas
6 for 8 development
7 future 8 development
9 : 42 and
9 : 57 -
10 refinement 11 of
10 refinement 42 and
11 of 13 attributes
12 the 13 attributes
13 attributes 14 of
13 attributes 20 of
13 attributes 25 exploration
14 of 16 concept
15 this 16 concept
16 concept 17 within
17 within 19 context
18 the 19 context
20 of 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
23 , 25 exploration
24 an 25 exploration
25 exploration 26 of
25 exploration 32 supporting
25 exploration 40 management
25 exploration 41 ,
26 of 27 how
27 how 28 providers
27 how 30 overcome
28 providers 29 can
29 can 30 overcome
30 overcome 31 difficulties
32 supporting 38 self
33 older 34 adults
34 adults 35 '
35 ' 38 self
36 persistent 37 pain
37 pain 38 self
39 - 40 management
40 management 41 ,
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 clarification
42 and 45 of
42 and 50 of
45 of 49 framework
46 the 49 framework
47 overall 49 framework
48 theoretical 49 framework
50 of 56 self
51 older 52 adults
52 adults 53 '
53 ' 56 self
54 persistent 55 pain
55 pain 56 self
57 - 58 management

telomerase contributes to cell proliferation [and] survival through both telomere - dependent and telomere - independent mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomerase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 telomerase 2 contributes
2 contributes 3 to
2 contributes 8 through
3 to 7 survival
4 cell 7 survival
5 proliferation 7 survival
8 through 17 mechanisms
9 both 17 mechanisms
10 telomere 13 and
10 telomere 17 mechanisms
11 - 13 and
12 dependent 13 and
13 and 14 telomere
13 and 15 -
16 independent 17 mechanisms

in this report , we discovered that endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress transiently activates the catalytic components of telomerase ( tert ) [expression] in human cancer cell lines and murine primary neural cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 report
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 report
5 we 6 discovered
6 discovered 7 that
7 that 13 stress
7 that 15 activates
8 endoplasmic 13 stress
9 reticulum 11 er
9 reticulum 13 stress
10 ( 11 er
11 er 12 )
13 stress 15 activates
14 transiently 15 activates
15 activates 18 components
15 activates 25 in
16 the 18 components
17 catalytic 18 components
18 components 19 of
19 of 20 telomerase
20 telomerase 22 tert
21 ( 22 tert
22 tert 23 )
25 in 34 cells
26 human 32 primary
27 cancer 32 primary
28 cell 32 primary
29 lines 30 and
30 and 31 murine
30 and 32 primary
32 primary 34 cells
33 neural 34 cells

importantly , we show that depletion of htert sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis under er stress , whereas increased htert expression reduces er stress - induced cell death independent of catalytically active enzyme or dna damage signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 stress
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 6 depletion
5 that 16 stress
6 depletion 7 of
6 depletion 9 sensitizes
7 of 8 htert
9 sensitizes 10 cells
10 cells 11 to
10 cells 12 undergo
11 to 12 undergo
13 apoptosis 14 under
13 apoptosis 16 stress
14 under 15 er
16 stress 18 whereas
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 21 expression
18 whereas 22 reduces
18 whereas 38 .
19 increased 21 expression
20 htert 21 expression
21 expression 22 reduces
22 reduces 24 stress
23 er 24 stress
24 stress 36 damage
25 - 36 damage
26 induced 27 cell
27 cell 28 death
28 death 36 damage
29 independent 30 of
29 independent 34 or
30 of 33 enzyme
31 catalytically 32 active
32 active 33 enzyme
34 or 35 dna
34 or 36 damage
36 damage 37 signaling
36 damage 38 .

our findings establish a functional link between er stress and telomerase , both of which have important implications in the pathologies associated with aging and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 establish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 establish
3 establish 6 link
3 establish 7 between
4 a 5 functional
4 a 6 link
5 functional 6 link
7 between 10 and
8 er 9 stress
9 stress 10 and
10 and 11 telomerase
10 and 12 ,
12 , 25 and
13 both 14 of
13 both 22 associated
13 both 25 and
14 of 15 which
14 of 16 have
15 which 16 have
16 have 18 implications
17 important 18 implications
18 implications 19 in
19 in 21 pathologies
20 the 21 pathologies
22 associated 23 with
23 with 24 aging
25 and 26 cancer

background : a current topic in the field of geriatrics still needing a great deal of study is the changes in body posture occurring with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 topic
2 : 18 is
2 : 27 .
3 a 4 current
3 a 5 topic
4 current 5 topic
5 topic 6 in
5 topic 9 of
5 topic 12 needing
5 topic 16 of
5 topic 18 is
6 in 8 field
7 the 8 field
9 of 10 geriatrics
11 still 12 needing
12 needing 15 deal
13 a 14 great
13 a 15 deal
14 great 15 deal
16 of 17 study
18 is 20 changes
19 the 20 changes
20 changes 21 in
20 changes 24 occurring
21 in 23 posture
22 body 23 posture
24 occurring 25 with
25 with 26 age

symptoms of these changes can be observed starting between the ages of 40 - 50 years with a slow progression that increases after 60 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 symptoms 2 of
1 symptoms 5 can
2 of 4 changes
3 these 4 changes
5 can 6 be
6 be 8 starting
7 observed 8 starting
8 starting 9 between
8 starting 12 of
9 between 11 ages
10 the 11 ages
12 of 16 years
13 40 14 -
14 - 15 50
14 - 16 years
16 years 17 with
17 with 20 progression
18 a 19 slow
18 a 20 progression
19 slow 20 progression
20 progression 21 that
20 progression 22 increases
20 progression 26 of
21 that 22 increases
22 increases 23 after
22 increases 25 years
23 after 24 60
26 of 27 age

the aims of this study were to evaluate parameters characterizing the posture of women over the age of 60 years compared with a control group and to determine the dynamics of body posture changes in the following decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 6 were
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 35 in
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 9 parameters
8 evaluate 26 and
9 parameters 10 characterizing
9 parameters 21 compared
9 parameters 26 and
10 characterizing 12 posture
10 characterizing 15 over
10 characterizing 21 compared
11 the 12 posture
12 posture 13 of
13 of 14 women
15 over 17 age
16 the 17 age
17 age 18 of
18 of 20 years
19 60 20 years
21 compared 22 with
22 with 24 control
23 a 24 control
25 group 26 and
26 and 27 to
26 and 34 changes
27 to 28 determine
28 determine 30 dynamics
29 the 30 dynamics
30 dynamics 31 of
31 of 33 posture
32 body 33 posture
35 in 38 decades
36 the 37 following
36 the 38 decades

methods : the study included 260 randomly selected women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 10 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 9 women
6 260 9 women
7 randomly 8 selected
8 selected 9 women

the study group consisted of 130 women between the ages of 60 - 90 years ( older women ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 group
2 study 3 group
3 group 4 consisted
4 consisted 5 of
5 of 7 women
6 130 7 women
7 women 8 between
7 women 11 of
8 between 10 ages
9 the 10 ages
11 of 15 years
12 60 13 -
13 - 14 90
13 - 15 years
15 years 18 women
16 ( 18 women
17 older 18 women
18 women 19 )

the control group ( younger women ) consisted of 130 women between the ages of 20 - 25 years ( posture stabilization period ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 6 women
3 group 8 consisted
4 ( 6 women
5 younger 6 women
6 women 7 )
8 consisted 9 of
9 of 11 women
10 130 11 women
11 women 12 between
11 women 15 of
12 between 14 ages
13 the 14 ages
15 of 19 years
16 20 17 -
17 - 18 25
17 - 19 years
19 years 23 period
20 ( 23 period
21 posture 23 period
22 stabilization 23 period
23 period 24 )

the photogrammetric method was used to evaluate body posture using the phenomenon of the projection chamber . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 method
2 photogrammetric 3 method
3 method 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 evaluate
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 posture
8 body 9 posture
9 posture 10 using
10 using 12 phenomenon
11 the 12 phenomenon
12 phenomenon 13 of
13 of 16 chamber
14 the 16 chamber
15 projection 16 chamber

the study was conducted according to generally accepted principles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 6 to
5 according 6 to
6 to 9 principles
7 generally 8 accepted
8 accepted 9 principles

results : in the analysis of parameters characterizing individual slope curves , results were varied among different age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 8 characterizing
3 in 5 analysis
4 the 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 of
6 of 7 parameters
8 characterizing 11 curves
9 individual 10 slope
10 slope 11 curves
12 , 13 results
12 , 14 were
13 results 14 were
14 were 15 varied
15 varied 16 among
16 among 19 groups
17 different 18 age
18 age 19 groups

the lumbar spine slope did not show significant differences between different age groups ( p = 0.6952 ) , while statistically significant differences ( p = 0.0000 ) were found in the thoracic - lumbar spine slope ( p = 0.0033 ) and upper thoracic spine slope . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 slope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 4 slope
2 lumbar 3 spine
3 spine 4 slope
4 slope 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 show
7 show 9 differences
7 show 10 between
7 show 20 while
7 show 37 slope
7 show 43 and
8 significant 9 differences
10 between 13 groups
11 different 12 age
12 age 13 groups
13 groups 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 17 0.6952
16 = 18 )
19 , 20 while
20 while 23 differences
20 while 30 found
20 while 34 -
21 statistically 23 differences
22 significant 23 differences
23 differences 26 =
23 differences 29 were
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.0000
26 = 28 )
29 were 30 found
30 found 31 in
31 in 33 thoracic
32 the 33 thoracic
35 lumbar 36 spine
36 spine 37 slope
37 slope 40 =
38 ( 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.0033
40 = 42 )
43 and 47 slope
44 upper 47 slope
45 thoracic 46 spine
46 spine 47 slope

body [angle] was shown to increase with age ( p = 0.0000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 body 3 was
3 was 4 shown
4 shown 5 to
5 to 6 increase
6 increase 7 with
7 with 8 age
8 age 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.0000
11 = 13 )

thoracic kyphosis depth significantly deepened with age ( p = 0.0002 ) , however , the thoracic kyphosis angle decreased with age ( p = 0.0000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 depth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thoracic 3 depth
2 kyphosis 3 depth
3 depth 5 deepened
3 depth 18 kyphosis
3 depth 19 angle
3 depth 20 decreased
4 significantly 5 deepened
5 deepened 6 with
5 deepened 10 =
5 deepened 14 however
6 with 7 age
8 ( 10 =
9 p 10 =
10 = 11 0.0002
10 = 12 )
13 , 14 however
14 however 15 ,
16 the 18 kyphosis
17 thoracic 18 kyphosis
18 kyphosis 19 angle
20 decreased 21 with
21 with 22 age
22 age 25 =
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.0000
25 = 27 )

an increase in asymmetries was noticed , provided by a significantly higher angle of the shoulder line ( p = 0.0199 ) and the difference in height of the lower shoulder blade angle ( p = 0.0007 ) measurements in the group of older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 an 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 5 was
3 in 4 asymmetries
5 was 7 ,
6 noticed 7 ,
7 , 8 provided
7 , 9 by
7 , 26 in
7 , 39 measurements
9 by 23 and
10 a 13 angle
11 significantly 12 higher
12 higher 13 angle
13 angle 14 of
13 angle 23 and
14 of 17 line
15 the 17 line
16 shoulder 17 line
17 line 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.0199
20 = 22 )
23 and 25 difference
24 the 25 difference
26 in 27 height
27 height 28 of
27 height 36 =
28 of 33 angle
29 the 33 angle
30 lower 31 shoulder
31 shoulder 32 blade
32 blade 33 angle
34 ( 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.0007
36 = 38 )
39 measurements 40 in
40 in 45 women
41 the 42 group
42 group 43 of
42 group 45 women
43 of 45 women
44 older 45 women

conclusions : changes in the parameters describing body posture throughout consecutive decades were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 changes
2 : 14 observed
2 : 15 .
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 13 were
4 in 6 parameters
5 the 6 parameters
6 parameters 7 describing
7 describing 9 posture
7 describing 10 throughout
8 body 9 posture
10 throughout 12 decades
11 consecutive 12 decades
13 were 14 observed

therapy for women over the age of 60 years should involve strengthening of the erector spinae muscles and controlling body posture with the aim of reducing trunk inclination and deepening of thoracic kyphosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 reducing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 therapy 2 for
1 therapy 7 of
1 therapy 10 should
2 for 3 women
3 women 4 over
4 over 6 age
5 the 6 age
7 of 9 years
8 60 9 years
10 should 11 involve
11 involve 12 strengthening
12 strengthening 13 of
13 of 16 spinae
14 the 16 spinae
15 erector 16 spinae
16 spinae 18 and
16 spinae 26 reducing
17 muscles 18 and
18 and 20 body
18 and 21 posture
19 controlling 20 body
21 posture 22 with
22 with 24 aim
23 the 24 aim
24 aim 25 of
25 of 26 reducing
26 reducing 29 and
27 trunk 28 inclination
28 inclination 29 and
29 and 30 deepening
30 deepening 31 of
31 of 33 kyphosis
32 thoracic 33 kyphosis

moreover , exercises shaping lumbar lordosis should be performed to prevent its flattening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exercises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 exercises
3 exercises 4 shaping
3 exercises 7 should
4 shaping 6 lordosis
5 lumbar 6 lordosis
7 should 8 be
8 be 9 performed
9 performed 10 to
10 to 11 prevent
11 prevent 13 flattening
12 its 13 flattening

the bodily decline that occurs with advancing age strongly impacts on the prospects for future health and life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 impacts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 decline
2 bodily 3 decline
3 decline 4 that
3 decline 5 occurs
3 decline 10 impacts
4 that 5 occurs
5 occurs 6 with
6 with 7 advancing
7 advancing 8 age
7 advancing 9 strongly
10 impacts 11 on
10 impacts 19 expectancy
11 on 13 prospects
12 the 13 prospects
13 prospects 14 for
14 for 17 and
15 future 16 health
16 health 17 and
17 and 18 life

despite the profound role of age in disease etiology , knowledge about the molecular mechanisms driving the process of aging in humans is limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 despite 4 role
1 despite 10 ,
1 despite 11 knowledge
2 the 4 role
3 profound 4 role
4 role 5 of
5 of 6 age
6 age 7 in
7 in 9 etiology
8 disease 9 etiology
11 knowledge 12 about
11 knowledge 23 is
12 about 15 mechanisms
13 the 15 mechanisms
14 molecular 15 mechanisms
15 mechanisms 16 driving
15 mechanisms 19 of
16 driving 18 process
17 the 18 process
19 of 20 aging
20 aging 21 in
21 in 22 humans
23 is 24 limited

here , we used an integrative network - based [approach] for combining multiple large - scale expression studies in blood ( 2539 individuals ) with protein - protein interaction ( ppi ) data for the detection of consistently coexpressed ppi modules that may reflect key processes that change throughout the course of normative aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 used
4 used 7 network
4 used 9 based
5 an 6 integrative
5 an 7 network
6 integrative 7 network
8 - 9 based
9 based 11 for
9 based 55 .
11 for 12 combining
12 combining 18 studies
12 combining 19 in
12 combining 25 with
13 multiple 18 studies
14 large 15 -
14 large 16 scale
16 scale 17 expression
17 expression 18 studies
19 in 20 blood
20 blood 23 individuals
21 ( 23 individuals
22 2539 23 individuals
23 individuals 24 )
25 with 26 protein
26 protein 33 data
27 - 33 data
28 protein 33 data
29 interaction 31 ppi
30 ( 31 ppi
31 ppi 32 )
31 ppi 33 data
33 data 34 for
33 data 37 of
33 data 41 modules
33 data 44 reflect
33 data 55 .
34 for 36 detection
35 the 36 detection
37 of 40 ppi
38 consistently 39 coexpressed
39 coexpressed 40 ppi
41 modules 42 that
41 modules 43 may
41 modules 44 reflect
42 that 43 may
44 reflect 46 processes
44 reflect 49 throughout
45 key 46 processes
46 processes 47 that
46 processes 48 change
47 that 48 change
49 throughout 51 course
50 the 51 course
51 course 52 of
52 of 54 aging
53 normative 54 aging

module detection followed by a meta - analysis on chronological age identified fifteen consistently coexpressed ppi modules associated with chronological age , including a highly significant module ( p = 3.5 × 10 ( - 38 [ )( (enriched for ['] t - cell activation ['] marking age - associated shifts in lymphocyte blood cell counts [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.603 [;] p = 1.9 × 10 ( - 10 [ )( )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 followed
1 module 2 detection
2 detection 3 followed
3 followed 4 by
3 followed 8 analysis
5 a 8 analysis
6 meta 7 -
6 meta 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 on
8 analysis 12 identified
8 analysis 13 fifteen
8 analysis 15 coexpressed
9 on 11 age
10 chronological 11 age
13 fifteen 15 coexpressed
14 consistently 15 coexpressed
15 coexpressed 16 ppi
16 ppi 17 modules
16 ppi 18 associated
16 ppi 23 including
17 modules 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 21 age
20 chronological 21 age
22 , 23 including
23 including 27 module
23 including 30 =
24 a 25 highly
24 a 27 module
25 highly 26 significant
26 significant 27 module
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 3.5
31 3.5 32 ×
31 3.5 39 (enriched
32 × 33 10
32 × 36 38
32 × 39 (enriched
34 ( 36 38
35 - 36 38
36 38 38 )(
39 (enriched 40 for
39 (enriched 49 -
40 for 42 t
43 - 49 -
44 cell 48 age
45 activation 47 marking
47 marking 48 age
48 age 49 -
49 - 51 shifts
50 associated 51 shifts
51 shifts 52 in
52 in 56 counts
53 lymphocyte 56 counts
54 blood 55 cell
55 cell 56 counts
56 counts 62 )(=
56 counts 66 =
58 r 62 )(=
59 ( 62 )(=
60 2 62 )(=
62 )(= 63 0.603
65 p 66 =
66 = 68 ×
67 1.9 68 ×
68 × 69 10
68 × 72 10
70 ( 72 10
71 - 72 10
72 10 75 )(

adjusting the analysis in the compendium for [the] ['] t - cell activation ['] [module] showed five consistently coexpressed ppi modules that robustly associated with chronological age and included modules enriched for ['] translational elongation ['] , ['] cytolysis ['] and ['] dna metabolic process ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 adjusting 3 analysis
1 adjusting 4 in
1 adjusting 11 -
1 adjusting 13 activation
2 the 3 analysis
4 in 6 compendium
5 the 6 compendium
6 compendium 7 for
7 for 10 t
12 cell 13 activation
13 activation 16 showed
16 showed 21 modules
16 showed 45 process
17 five 21 modules
18 consistently 19 coexpressed
19 coexpressed 21 modules
20 ppi 21 modules
21 modules 28 and
22 that 23 robustly
23 robustly 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 28 and
25 with 27 age
26 chronological 27 age
28 and 29 included
28 and 32 for
29 included 30 modules
30 modules 31 enriched
32 for 41 and
34 translational 35 elongation
35 elongation 37 ,
37 , 39 cytolysis
37 , 41 and
41 and 43 dna
44 metabolic 45 process

in an independent study of 3535 individuals , four of five modules consistently associated with chronological age , underpinning the robustness of the approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 four
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
1 in 4 study
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 four
2 an 3 independent
2 an 4 study
3 independent 4 study
4 study 5 of
5 of 7 individuals
6 3535 7 individuals
9 four 10 of
9 four 14 associated
10 of 12 modules
11 five 12 modules
13 consistently 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 age
16 chronological 17 age
17 age 19 underpinning
18 , 19 underpinning
19 underpinning 21 robustness
19 underpinning 25 .
20 the 21 robustness
21 robustness 22 of
22 of 24 approach
23 the 24 approach

we found three of five modules to be significantly enriched with aging - related genes , as defined by the genage database , and association with prospective survival at high ages for one of the modules including asf1a . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 three
3 three 4 of
4 of 6 modules
5 five 6 modules
6 modules 7 to
6 modules 18 defined
7 to 8 be
8 be 10 enriched
9 significantly 10 enriched
10 enriched 11 with
10 enriched 17 as
11 with 12 aging
12 aging 15 genes
13 - 15 genes
14 related 15 genes
15 genes 16 ,
16 , 17 as
17 as 18 defined
18 defined 19 by
18 defined 32 for
19 by 24 and
20 the 22 database
21 genage 22 database
22 database 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 association
24 and 26 with
24 and 29 at
26 with 28 survival
27 prospective 28 survival
29 at 31 ages
30 high 31 ages
32 for 33 one
33 one 34 of
34 of 36 modules
35 the 36 modules
36 modules 37 including
37 including 38 asf1a

the hereby [-] detected age - associated and consistently coexpressed ppi modules therefore may provide a molecular basis for future research into mechanisms underlying human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 5 age
2 hereby 4 detected
4 detected 5 age
6 - 8 and
7 associated 8 and
8 and 10 coexpressed
9 consistently 10 coexpressed
10 coexpressed 11 ppi
11 ppi 12 modules
11 ppi 15 provide
12 modules 14 may
13 therefore 14 may
14 may 15 provide
15 provide 18 basis
15 provide 19 for
15 provide 22 into
16 a 17 molecular
16 a 18 basis
17 molecular 18 basis
19 for 21 research
20 future 21 research
22 into 23 mechanisms
23 mechanisms 24 underlying
24 underlying 26 aging
25 human 26 aging

aim : to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of gout and hyperuricemia in an elderly community cohort in beijing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 and
3 to 7 and
4 evaluate 6 prevalence
4 evaluate 7 and
5 the 6 prevalence
7 and 8 risk
7 and 14 in
7 and 19 in
8 risk 9 factors
9 factors 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 gout 12 and
12 and 13 hyperuricemia
14 in 18 cohort
15 an 18 cohort
16 elderly 17 community
17 community 18 cohort
19 in 20 beijing

method : a total of 10 039 individuals aged 50 years or older participated in the study , based on the beijing longitudinal study on aging ii ( blsa ii ) cohort in 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 18 ,
2 : 35 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 individuals
4 total 9 aged
4 total 18 ,
5 of 6 10
7 039 8 individuals
8 individuals 9 aged
9 aged 12 or
10 50 11 years
11 years 12 or
12 or 13 older
14 participated 15 in
14 participated 18 ,
15 in 17 study
16 the 17 study
18 , 19 based
19 based 20 on
19 based 32 cohort
20 on 24 study
21 the 24 study
22 beijing 23 longitudinal
23 longitudinal 24 study
24 study 25 on
24 study 29 blsa
25 on 26 aging
26 aging 27 ii
28 ( 29 blsa
29 blsa 30 ii
29 blsa 31 )
32 cohort 33 in
33 in 34 2009

all participants were asked for a gout assessment questionnaire under the guidelines of the american college of rheumatology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 asked
4 asked 5 for
4 asked 10 under
5 for 9 questionnaire
6 a 9 questionnaire
7 gout 8 assessment
8 assessment 9 questionnaire
10 under 12 guidelines
11 the 12 guidelines
12 guidelines 13 of
13 of 16 college
14 the 15 american
15 american 16 college
16 college 17 of
17 of 18 rheumatology

the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 7 were
3 of 5 and
4 gout 5 and
5 and 6 hyperuricemia
7 were 8 evaluated

the potential risk factors for gout and hyperuricemia were analyzed by logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 4 factors
2 potential 4 factors
3 risk 4 factors
4 factors 5 for
4 factors 9 were
5 for 7 and
6 gout 7 and
7 and 8 hyperuricemia
9 were 10 analyzed
10 analyzed 11 by
11 by 13 regression
12 logistic 13 regression

results : in our blsa ii cohort , the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia were 2.8 [%] and 18.1 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 22 respectively
3 in 7 cohort
4 our 7 cohort
5 blsa 6 ii
5 blsa 7 cohort
7 cohort 10 prevalence
8 , 10 prevalence
9 the 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 of
10 prevalence 21 ,
11 of 20 %
12 gout 13 and
13 and 14 hyperuricemia
13 and 15 were
15 were 18 and
16 2.8 18 and
18 and 19 18.1
19 18.1 20 %

the prevalence of gout in the han population was significantly lower than that in hui population ( 2.6 % vs [.] 5.8 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 9 was
3 of 4 gout
4 gout 5 in
5 in 8 population
6 the 8 population
7 han 8 population
9 was 11 lower
10 significantly 11 lower
11 lower 12 than
11 lower 14 in
12 than 13 that
14 in 16 population
15 hui 16 population
16 population 19 %
17 ( 19 %
18 2.6 19 %
19 % 20 vs
19 % 24 )
20 vs 23 %
22 5.8 23 %

the traditional risk factors [(] age and body mass index [ bmi []] and metabolic syndrome [[] [ms] ] ) were significantly associated with the risk of gout and hyperuricemia ( age [:] or 1.2 , 95%ci 1.1 - 1.5 for gout [;] or 1.3 , 95%ci 1.1 - 1.4 for hyperuricemia , respectively [;] bmi [:] or 1.6 , 95%ci 1.3 - 2.0 [;] or 1.5 , 95%ci 1.3 - 1.8 [;] m [s] [:] or 2.6 , 95%ci 2.0 - 3.3 [;] or 2.0 , 95%ci 1.7 - 2.2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 the 3 risk
2 traditional 3 risk
3 risk 4 factors
4 factors 6 age
7 and 10 index
8 body 9 mass
9 mass 10 index
10 index 14 and
10 index 21 were
11 [ 14 and
12 bmi 14 and
14 and 16 syndrome
14 and 19 ]
14 and 20 )
15 metabolic 16 syndrome
21 were 23 associated
22 significantly 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 26 risk
25 the 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
26 risk 37 95%ci
27 of 29 and
28 gout 29 and
29 and 30 hyperuricemia
29 and 34 or
31 ( 34 or
32 age 34 or
34 or 35 1.2
34 or 36 ,
37 95%ci 39 -
37 95%ci 41 for
37 95%ci 49 -
38 1.1 39 -
39 - 40 1.5
41 for 44 or
42 gout 44 or
44 or 45 1.3
46 , 49 -
47 95%ci 48 1.1
47 95%ci 49 -
49 - 50 1.4
50 1.4 51 for
51 for 61 95%ci
52 hyperuricemia 58 or
52 hyperuricemia 61 95%ci
53 , 54 respectively
53 , 58 or
56 bmi 58 or
58 or 59 1.6
58 or 60 ,
61 95%ci 62 1.3
61 95%ci 66 or
61 95%ci 71 -
63 - 66 or
64 2.0 66 or
66 or 67 1.5
66 or 68 ,
68 , 71 -
69 95%ci 70 1.3
69 95%ci 71 -
71 - 77 or
72 1.8 74 m
74 m 77 or
77 or 78 2.6
77 or 85 or
79 , 85 or
80 95%ci 85 or
81 2.0 82 -
82 - 83 3.3
82 - 85 or
85 or 86 2.0
85 or 88 95%ci
85 or 93 .
87 , 88 95%ci
88 95%ci 89 1.7
88 95%ci 91 2.2
88 95%ci 92 )
90 - 91 2.2
91 2.2 92 )

family history was strongly associated with an increased risk of gout ( or 6.5 , 95%ci 3.9 - 10.8 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 history
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 family 2 history
2 history 3 was
3 was 4 strongly
3 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 risk
7 an 9 risk
8 increased 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
9 risk 18 -
10 of 11 gout
11 gout 13 or
12 ( 13 or
13 or 14 6.5
13 or 15 ,
15 , 18 -
16 95%ci 17 3.9
16 95%ci 18 -
18 - 19 10.8
18 - 20 )

conclusion : our study showed that the prevalence of both gout and hyperuricemia in beijing remains substantial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 showed
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 prevalence
6 that 16 remains
7 the 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 16 remains
9 of 12 and
10 both 12 and
11 gout 12 and
12 and 13 hyperuricemia
12 and 14 in
14 in 15 beijing
16 remains 17 substantial

the prevalence in the hui population was higher than other ethnic groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 in
2 prevalence 7 was
3 in 6 population
4 the 6 population
5 hui 6 population
7 was 8 higher
8 higher 9 than
9 than 12 groups
10 other 12 groups
11 ethnic 12 groups

the traditional risk factors were strong risk factors for gout and hyperuricemia in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 4 factors
2 traditional 4 factors
3 risk 4 factors
4 factors 5 were
5 were 7 risk
6 strong 7 risk
7 risk 8 factors
7 risk 13 in
8 factors 9 for
9 for 11 and
10 gout 11 and
11 and 12 hyperuricemia
13 in 14 china

platelets play a central role in inflammation through their direct interaction with other cell types , such as leucocytes and endothelial cells , and by the release of many factors , that is , lipids [ such as thromboxane ( tx )a2 ] and proteins ( a wide number of angiogenic and growth factors ) stored in α - granules , and adenosine diphosphate ( adp ) , stored in dense granules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 platelets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 73 .
1 platelets 2 play
2 play 5 role
3 a 5 role
4 central 5 role
5 role 6 in
6 in 7 inflammation
7 inflammation 8 through
8 through 11 interaction
9 their 11 interaction
10 direct 11 interaction
11 interaction 24 and
12 with 15 types
12 with 24 and
13 other 15 types
14 cell 15 types
15 types 18 as
16 , 18 as
17 such 18 as
18 as 20 and
18 as 23 ,
19 leucocytes 20 and
20 and 22 cells
21 endothelial 22 cells
24 and 25 by
25 by 27 release
26 the 27 release
27 release 28 of
28 of 30 factors
29 many 30 factors
30 factors 33 is
31 , 33 is
32 that 33 is
33 is 34 ,
33 is 35 lipids
33 is 43 ]
35 lipids 38 as
36 [ 38 as
37 such 38 as
38 as 39 thromboxane
38 as 43 ]
39 thromboxane 42 )a2
40 ( 42 )a2
41 tx 42 )a2
42 )a2 43 ]
44 and 45 proteins
44 and 68 ,
45 proteins 54 factors
45 proteins 68 ,
46 ( 54 factors
47 a 49 number
48 wide 49 number
49 number 50 of
49 number 54 factors
50 of 54 factors
51 angiogenic 52 and
52 and 53 growth
52 and 54 factors
54 factors 55 )
56 stored 57 in
56 stored 64 diphosphate
56 stored 68 ,
57 in 62 and
58 α 59 -
58 α 60 granules
60 granules 62 and
61 , 62 and
62 and 63 adenosine
64 diphosphate 66 adp
65 ( 66 adp
66 adp 67 )
68 , 69 stored
68 , 70 in
70 in 72 granules
71 dense 72 granules

these platelet actions trigger autocrine and paracrine activation processes that lead [to] leucocyte recruitment into different tissues and phenotypic changes in stromal cells which contribute to the development of different disease states , such as atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis , intestinal inflammation and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 actions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 trigger
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 these 3 actions
2 platelet 3 actions
3 actions 4 trigger
4 trigger 5 autocrine
6 and 8 activation
6 and 9 processes
7 paracrine 8 activation
8 activation 9 processes
9 processes 42 and
10 that 14 recruitment
11 lead 14 recruitment
13 leucocyte 14 recruitment
14 recruitment 15 into
14 recruitment 18 and
15 into 17 tissues
16 different 17 tissues
18 and 20 changes
18 and 21 in
18 and 24 which
18 and 25 contribute
18 and 42 and
19 phenotypic 20 changes
21 in 23 cells
22 stromal 23 cells
24 which 25 contribute
25 contribute 26 to
25 contribute 35 as
25 contribute 41 inflammation
26 to 28 development
27 the 28 development
28 development 29 of
29 of 32 states
30 different 32 states
31 disease 32 states
33 , 35 as
34 such 35 as
35 as 37 and
35 as 39 ,
36 atherosclerosis 37 and
37 and 38 atherothrombosis
40 intestinal 41 inflammation
42 and 43 cancer

the signals induced by platelets may [cause] [pro] - inflammatory and malignant phenotypes in other cells through the persistent induction of aberrant expression of cyclooxygenase ( cox ) - 2 and increased generation of prostanoids , mainly prostaglandin ( pg )e2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 signals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 may
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 the 2 signals
2 signals 3 induced
2 signals 6 may
3 induced 4 by
4 by 5 platelets
9 - 11 and
9 - 31 and
10 inflammatory 11 and
11 and 12 malignant
11 and 31 and
13 phenotypes 14 in
13 phenotypes 17 through
13 phenotypes 30 2
13 phenotypes 31 and
14 in 16 cells
15 other 16 cells
17 through 20 induction
18 the 20 induction
19 persistent 20 induction
20 induction 21 of
21 of 23 expression
22 aberrant 23 expression
23 expression 24 of
24 of 25 cyclooxygenase
25 cyclooxygenase 27 cox
26 ( 27 cox
27 cox 28 )
29 - 30 2
31 and 32 increased
32 increased 33 generation
33 generation 34 of
34 of 35 prostanoids
35 prostanoids 38 prostaglandin
36 , 37 mainly
36 , 38 prostaglandin
38 prostaglandin 41 )e2
38 prostaglandin 42 .
39 ( 41 )e2
40 pg 41 )e2
41 )e2 42 .

in addition to cardiovascular disease , enhanced platelet activation has been detected in inflammatory disease and intestinal tumourigenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 6 ,
1 in 9 activation
2 addition 3 to
3 to 5 disease
4 cardiovascular 5 disease
7 enhanced 9 activation
8 platelet 9 activation
9 activation 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 detected
12 detected 13 in
13 in 16 and
14 inflammatory 15 disease
15 disease 16 and
16 and 18 tumourigenesis
17 intestinal 18 tumourigenesis

moreover , the results of clinical studies have shown that the antiplatelet drug aspirin reduces the incidence of vascular events and colorectal cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 have
5 of 7 studies
6 clinical 7 studies
8 have 9 shown
9 shown 10 that
10 that 14 aspirin
10 that 15 reduces
11 the 14 aspirin
12 antiplatelet 14 aspirin
13 drug 14 aspirin
14 aspirin 15 reduces
15 reduces 17 incidence
16 the 17 incidence
17 incidence 18 of
18 of 21 and
19 vascular 20 events
20 events 21 and
21 and 23 cancer
22 colorectal 23 cancer

all these pieces of evidence support the notion that colorectal cancer and atherothrombosis may share a common mechanism of disease , that is , platelet activation in response to epithelial ( in tumourigenesis ) and endothelial ( in tumourigenesis and atherothrombosis ) injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 platelet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 all 2 these
1 all 3 pieces
1 all 6 support
2 these 3 pieces
3 pieces 4 of
4 of 5 evidence
6 support 8 notion
7 the 8 notion
8 notion 9 that
9 that 12 and
9 that 15 share
10 colorectal 11 cancer
11 cancer 12 and
12 and 13 atherothrombosis
12 and 14 may
14 may 15 share
15 share 18 mechanism
15 share 23 is
16 a 17 common
16 a 18 mechanism
17 common 18 mechanism
18 mechanism 19 of
19 of 20 disease
21 , 23 is
22 that 23 is
23 is 24 ,
24 , 25 platelet
25 platelet 26 activation
25 platelet 28 response
25 platelet 29 to
27 in 28 response
29 to 43 injury
30 epithelial 32 in
30 epithelial 35 and
31 ( 32 in
32 in 33 tumourigenesis
32 in 34 )
35 and 36 endothelial
35 and 43 injury
36 endothelial 38 in
37 ( 38 in
38 in 40 and
38 in 42 )
39 tumourigenesis 40 and
40 and 41 atherothrombosis

extensive translational medicine research is necessary to obtain a definitive mechanistic demonstration of the platelet - mediated hypothesis of colon tumourigenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 extensive 3 medicine
2 translational 3 medicine
3 medicine 4 research
4 research 5 is
5 is 6 necessary
6 necessary 7 to
6 necessary 8 obtain
7 to 8 obtain
8 obtain 12 demonstration
9 a 10 definitive
9 a 12 demonstration
10 definitive 12 demonstration
11 mechanistic 12 demonstration
12 demonstration 13 of
13 of 18 hypothesis
14 the 18 hypothesis
15 platelet 16 -
15 platelet 18 hypothesis
17 mediated 18 hypothesis
18 hypothesis 19 of
19 of 21 tumourigenesis
20 colon 21 tumourigenesis

the results of these studies will be fundamental to support the clinical decision to recommend the use of low - dose aspirin , and possibly other antiplatelet agents , in primary prevention , that is , even for individuals at low cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 will
3 of 5 studies
4 these 5 studies
6 will 7 be
7 be 8 fundamental
8 fundamental 9 to
8 fundamental 10 support
9 to 10 support
10 support 13 decision
10 support 40 at
11 the 13 decision
12 clinical 13 decision
13 decision 14 to
13 decision 15 recommend
14 to 15 recommend
15 recommend 24 and
15 recommend 30 in
15 recommend 35 is
15 recommend 37 even
16 the 17 use
17 use 18 of
17 use 24 and
18 of 22 aspirin
19 low 20 -
19 low 21 dose
21 dose 22 aspirin
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 possibly
24 and 28 agents
24 and 29 ,
26 other 28 agents
27 antiplatelet 28 agents
30 in 32 prevention
31 primary 32 prevention
33 , 35 is
34 that 35 is
35 is 36 ,
37 even 38 for
38 for 39 individuals
40 at 43 risk
41 low 43 risk
42 cardiovascular 43 risk

objective : an individual 's ability to effectively manage their cancer pain is influenced by knowledge and perceptions regarding the pain experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 6 ability
2 : 14 influenced
3 an 4 individual
4 individual 5 's
5 's 6 ability
6 ability 7 to
6 ability 9 manage
6 ability 13 is
7 to 9 manage
8 effectively 9 manage
9 manage 12 pain
10 their 12 pain
11 cancer 12 pain
13 is 14 influenced
14 influenced 15 by
15 by 17 and
16 knowledge 17 and
17 and 18 perceptions
17 and 19 regarding
19 regarding 22 experience
20 the 22 experience
21 pain 22 experience

while significance of the physician 's knowledge of cancer pain management has been reported , much less is known how a patient 's knowledge may influence their ability to optimally manage their pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 manage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 while 2 significance
1 while 7 knowledge
2 significance 3 of
3 of 6 's
4 the 5 physician
5 physician 6 's
7 knowledge 8 of
7 knowledge 12 has
8 of 11 management
9 cancer 10 pain
10 pain 11 management
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 reported
15 , 17 less
15 , 26 influence
16 much 17 less
17 less 18 is
18 is 19 known
20 how 22 patient
20 how 23 's
20 how 25 may
21 a 22 patient
22 patient 23 's
23 's 24 knowledge
25 may 26 influence
26 influence 28 ability
26 influence 29 to
27 their 28 ability
29 to 31 manage
30 optimally 31 manage
31 manage 33 pain
32 their 33 pain

the purpose of this study is to determine the influence health and social factors have on the knowledge and experience of cancer pain among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 influence
9 the 10 influence
10 influence 12 and
10 influence 23 pain
11 health 12 and
12 and 13 social
12 and 14 factors
12 and 15 have
12 and 23 pain
14 factors 15 have
15 have 16 on
16 on 19 and
17 the 18 knowledge
18 knowledge 19 and
19 and 20 experience
19 and 21 of
21 of 22 cancer
23 pain 24 among
24 among 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

design : a prospective cross - sectional study of older black and white patients presenting for outpatient cancer treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 cross
3 a 4 prospective
3 a 5 cross
4 prospective 5 cross
5 cross 8 study
6 - 8 study
7 sectional 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 20 .
9 of 14 patients
10 older 14 patients
11 black 12 and
12 and 13 white
13 white 14 patients
14 patients 15 presenting
15 presenting 16 for
15 presenting 19 treatment
16 for 18 cancer
17 outpatient 18 cancer

methods : participants were surveyed on questions assessing pain severity , knowledge and experience of pain , self - efficacy for pain treatment , satisfaction with pain treatment , and additional social , health , and demographic characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 5 surveyed
2 : 11 ,
2 : 17 ,
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 surveyed
5 surveyed 6 on
6 on 7 questions
7 questions 8 assessing
8 assessing 10 severity
9 pain 10 severity
11 , 13 and
12 knowledge 13 and
13 and 14 experience
13 and 15 of
15 of 16 pain
17 , 18 self
17 , 19 -
19 - 36 and
19 - 39 .
20 efficacy 21 for
20 efficacy 30 and
21 for 23 treatment
22 pain 23 treatment
23 treatment 25 satisfaction
24 , 25 satisfaction
25 satisfaction 26 with
25 satisfaction 29 ,
26 with 28 treatment
27 pain 28 treatment
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 social
30 and 34 health
30 and 36 and
31 additional 32 social
33 , 34 health
34 health 35 ,
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 characteristics
37 demographic 38 characteristics

a series of hierarchical regression models were specified to examine predictors of cancer pain knowledge and experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 series
2 series 3 of
2 series 16 and
3 of 5 regression
4 hierarchical 5 regression
5 regression 6 models
5 regression 10 examine
6 models 7 were
7 were 8 specified
8 specified 9 to
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 11 predictors
10 examine 14 pain
11 predictors 12 of
11 predictors 14 pain
12 of 13 cancer
14 pain 15 knowledge
16 and 17 experience

results : education , race , and trust were significant predictors of pain knowledge , whereas self [-] efficacy for pain , pain interference , and pain severity were indicators of the experience of cancer pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 education
4 , 7 and
4 , 9 were
5 race 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 trust
7 and 9 were
9 were 11 predictors
9 were 16 whereas
10 significant 11 predictors
11 predictors 12 of
12 of 14 knowledge
13 pain 14 knowledge
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 26 and
17 self 19 efficacy
19 efficacy 20 for
19 efficacy 26 and
20 for 21 pain
21 pain 24 interference
22 , 24 interference
23 pain 24 interference
24 interference 25 ,
26 and 28 severity
26 and 29 were
27 pain 28 severity
29 were 30 indicators
30 indicators 31 of
31 of 33 experience
32 the 33 experience
33 experience 34 of
34 of 36 pain
35 cancer 36 pain

conclusions : knowledge and experience [of] ( cancer ) pain are contingent upon a myriad of social and clinical factors that are not exclusive but rather coexisting determinants of health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 pain
2 : 11 are
2 : 31 .
3 knowledge 4 and
4 and 5 experience
4 and 8 cancer
4 and 10 pain
7 ( 8 cancer
8 cancer 9 )
10 pain 11 are
11 are 28 determinants
12 contingent 13 upon
12 contingent 25 but
13 upon 15 myriad
14 a 15 myriad
15 myriad 16 of
16 of 20 factors
17 social 18 and
18 and 19 clinical
18 and 20 factors
20 factors 21 that
20 factors 22 are
21 that 22 are
22 are 23 not
22 are 24 exclusive
23 not 24 exclusive
25 but 26 rather
25 but 27 coexisting
25 but 28 determinants
28 determinants 29 of
29 of 30 health

understanding older adults ' knowledge of pain may begin to diminish the imparities in the diagnosis and treatment of pain among this growing diverse population of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 diminish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 understanding 3 adults
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 '
4 ' 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 of
5 knowledge 8 may
6 of 7 pain
8 may 9 begin
9 begin 10 to
10 to 11 diminish
11 diminish 13 imparities
11 diminish 21 among
12 the 13 imparities
13 imparities 14 in
13 imparities 19 of
14 in 17 and
15 the 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 and
17 and 18 treatment
19 of 20 pain
21 among 25 population
22 this 25 population
23 growing 25 population
24 diverse 25 population
25 population 26 of
26 of 28 adults
27 older 28 adults

it may similarly allow for programs to be tailored to fit the specific needs of the patient in the treatment and management of their cancer pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 it 2 may
2 may 5 for
3 similarly 5 for
4 allow 5 for
5 for 6 programs
5 for 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 tailored
9 tailored 10 to
10 to 11 fit
11 fit 14 needs
11 fit 18 in
12 the 14 needs
13 specific 14 needs
14 needs 15 of
15 of 17 patient
16 the 17 patient
18 in 21 and
19 the 20 treatment
20 treatment 21 and
21 and 22 management
21 and 23 of
23 of 26 pain
24 their 26 pain
25 cancer 26 pain

aim : to explore the usefulness of carotid ultrasound examination as a marker of aging and predictor of disability among older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
2 : 23 .
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 6 usefulness
4 explore 11 as
5 the 6 usefulness
6 usefulness 7 of
7 of 10 examination
8 carotid 10 examination
9 ultrasound 10 examination
11 as 16 and
12 a 13 marker
13 marker 14 of
13 marker 16 and
14 of 15 aging
16 and 17 predictor
16 and 18 of
18 of 19 disability
19 disability 20 among
20 among 22 people
21 older 22 people

methods : carotid ultrasound , measuring carotid intima media thickness ( cimt ) and recording the presence of plaques [,] was carried out in 152 adults aged 29 - 59 years ( 47 women ) and in 107 older adults aged 61 - 88 years ( 86 women ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 ultrasound
2 : 6 measuring
3 carotid 4 ultrasound
5 , 6 measuring
6 measuring 10 thickness
6 measuring 13 )
7 carotid 9 media
8 intima 9 media
9 media 10 thickness
10 thickness 12 cimt
11 ( 12 cimt
12 cimt 13 )
14 and 15 recording
14 and 22 carried
15 recording 17 presence
15 recording 21 was
16 the 17 presence
17 presence 18 of
18 of 19 plaques
21 was 22 carried
22 carried 23 out
23 out 36 and
24 in 31 years
24 in 36 and
25 152 31 years
26 adults 31 years
27 aged 31 years
28 29 29 -
29 - 30 59
29 - 31 years
31 years 34 women
32 ( 34 women
33 47 34 women
34 women 35 )
36 and 37 in
37 in 40 adults
38 107 40 adults
39 older 40 adults
40 adults 41 aged
40 adults 45 years
41 aged 42 61
43 - 45 years
44 88 45 years
45 years 48 women
45 years 50 .
46 ( 48 women
47 86 48 women
48 women 49 )

in all , clinical routine laboratory parameters and lymphocyte telomere length as t/s [ratio] were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 8 and
1 in 15 were
2 all 3 ,
3 , 7 parameters
3 , 8 and
4 clinical 5 routine
5 routine 7 parameters
6 laboratory 7 parameters
8 and 9 lymphocyte
10 telomere 11 length
11 length 12 as
11 length 15 were
12 as 13 t/s
15 were 16 measured

[among] older adults , 12 - min walk , timed [up] and go , hand grip and quadriceps strength were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 older 3 adults
4 , 5 12
4 , 6 -
4 , 9 ,
5 12 6 -
6 - 8 walk
7 min 8 walk
9 , 12 and
9 , 14 ,
10 timed 12 and
12 and 13 go
14 , 16 grip
14 , 17 and
15 hand 16 grip
17 and 19 strength
17 and 20 were
18 quadriceps 19 strength
19 strength 20 were
20 were 21 determined

results : cimt was significantly higher among older people and t/s ratio [was] significantly higher in young women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 cimt
2 : 4 was
3 cimt 4 was
4 was 5 significantly
4 was 6 higher
6 higher 7 among
7 among 10 and
8 older 9 people
9 people 10 and
10 and 12 ratio
10 and 15 higher
11 t/s 12 ratio
14 significantly 15 higher
15 higher 16 in
16 in 18 women
17 young 18 women

carotid plaques were found in one adult and 17 older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plaques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 carotid 2 plaques
2 plaques 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 in
5 in 8 and
6 one 7 adult
7 adult 8 and
8 and 11 people
9 17 11 people
10 older 11 people

a multiple regression analysis accepted age , systolic blood pressure and t/s ratios as independent predictors of cimt [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.51 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 multiple
1 a 6 age
2 multiple 6 age
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 accepted
5 accepted 6 age
7 , 11 and
8 systolic 9 blood
9 blood 10 pressure
10 pressure 11 and
11 and 13 ratios
11 and 14 as
11 and 17 of
12 t/s 13 ratios
14 as 16 predictors
15 independent 16 predictors
17 of 18 cimt
18 cimt 24 )(=
20 r 24 )(=
21 ( 24 )(=
22 2 24 )(=
24 )(= 25 0.51
24 )(= 26 )

among older people , a logistic regression accepted age and the presence of carotid plaques as significant predictors of a 12 [-] min walk speed below 1 m / [s] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 plaques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 among 10 and
1 among 15 plaques
2 older 3 people
3 people 4 ,
4 , 9 age
4 , 10 and
5 a 9 age
6 logistic 7 regression
7 regression 8 accepted
8 accepted 9 age
10 and 12 presence
11 the 12 presence
12 presence 13 of
13 of 14 carotid
15 plaques 16 as
15 plaques 19 of
15 plaques 25 speed
16 as 18 predictors
17 significant 18 predictors
19 of 24 walk
20 a 24 walk
21 12 23 min
23 min 24 walk
25 speed 26 below
26 below 29 /
27 1 28 m
28 m 29 /

conclusions : an abnormal [12] - min walk as an indicator of functional decline [among] older people is associated with the presence of carotid artery plaques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 8 walk
2 : 19 associated
3 an 4 abnormal
3 an 8 walk
4 abnormal 6 -
4 abnormal 8 walk
7 min 8 walk
8 walk 9 as
8 walk 12 of
8 walk 18 is
9 as 11 indicator
10 an 11 indicator
12 of 17 people
13 functional 14 decline
14 decline 17 people
16 older 17 people
18 is 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 presence
21 the 22 presence
22 presence 23 of
23 of 26 plaques
24 carotid 26 plaques
25 artery 26 plaques

cimt is independently associated with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cimt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 cimt 2 is
2 is 4 associated
3 independently 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 6 age

introduction : aging skeletal muscle is associated with not only a reduction in muscle size and strength but also in muscle quality [which] reflects an increase in fatty infiltration of muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 3 aging
3 aging 5 muscle
3 aging 8 with
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
9 not 10 only
9 not 24 reflects
10 only 12 reduction
11 a 12 reduction
12 reduction 18 but
12 reduction 24 reflects
13 in 16 and
13 in 18 but
14 muscle 15 size
15 size 16 and
16 and 17 strength
18 but 19 also
18 but 20 in
20 in 22 quality
21 muscle 22 quality
24 reflects 26 increase
24 reflects 27 in
25 an 26 increase
27 in 29 infiltration
28 fatty 29 infiltration
29 infiltration 30 of
30 of 31 muscle

in men with prostate cancer , androgen deprivation therapy [(] [adt] ) accelerates this loss of muscle size and strength , but [it] is unknown if muscle quality is also adversely affected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 men
1 in 12 )
1 in 22 but
2 men 3 with
3 with 5 cancer
4 prostate 5 cancer
5 cancer 9 therapy
6 , 9 therapy
7 androgen 8 deprivation
8 deprivation 9 therapy
9 therapy 12 )
13 accelerates 15 loss
13 accelerates 22 but
14 this 15 loss
15 loss 16 of
16 of 19 and
17 muscle 18 size
18 size 19 and
19 and 20 strength
19 and 21 ,
22 but 24 is
24 is 25 unknown
25 unknown 26 if
26 if 28 quality
26 if 32 affected
27 muscle 28 quality
28 quality 29 is
29 is 32 affected
30 also 32 affected
31 adversely 32 affected

therefore , we examined the effects of [adt] on muscle attenuation , an indirect measure of intramuscular lipid content , as well as the muscle cross - sectional area ( csa ) in men with prostate cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 6 effects
4 examined 33 in
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 19 content
7 of 9 on
9 on 11 attenuation
10 muscle 11 attenuation
12 , 19 content
13 an 14 indirect
13 an 15 measure
14 indirect 15 measure
15 measure 16 of
15 measure 19 content
16 of 19 content
17 intramuscular 18 lipid
18 lipid 19 content
19 content 23 as
19 content 32 )
20 , 23 as
21 as 22 well
22 well 23 as
23 as 26 cross
23 as 32 )
24 the 26 cross
25 muscle 26 cross
26 cross 29 area
27 - 29 area
28 sectional 29 area
29 area 31 csa
29 area 32 )
30 ( 31 csa
31 csa 32 )
33 in 34 men
34 men 35 with
35 with 37 cancer
36 prostate 37 cancer

methods : pre - and post - ct scans of the pelvis in 39 men aged 49 - 78 years receiving leuprorelin were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 pre 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 6 post
5 and 7 -
5 and 8 ct
5 and 9 scans
5 and 10 of
8 ct 9 scans
10 of 12 pelvis
11 the 12 pelvis
12 pelvis 13 in
13 in 15 men
14 39 15 men
15 men 16 aged
16 aged 17 49
18 - 20 years
18 - 24 examined
18 - 25 .
19 78 20 years
20 years 21 receiving
20 years 23 were
21 receiving 22 leuprorelin
23 were 24 examined

the time between baseline and [follow] [-] up scans [was] 14.6 - 20 weeks after the commencement [of] [adt] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 scans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 time
2 time 3 between
2 time 9 scans
3 between 5 and
4 baseline 5 and
5 and 8 up
9 scans 15 after
11 14.6 12 -
12 - 13 20
12 - 14 weeks
14 weeks 15 after
15 after 17 commencement
16 the 17 commencement

changes in skeletal muscle attenuation in hounsfield units of the rectus femoris and the csa of the rectus femoris , sartorius and quadricep muscles were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 20 ,
2 in 13 and
3 skeletal 4 muscle
4 muscle 5 attenuation
5 attenuation 6 in
5 attenuation 13 and
6 in 8 units
7 hounsfield 8 units
8 units 9 of
9 of 12 femoris
10 the 12 femoris
11 rectus 12 femoris
13 and 15 csa
13 and 16 of
14 the 15 csa
16 of 19 femoris
17 the 19 femoris
18 rectus 19 femoris
20 , 21 sartorius
20 , 22 and
22 and 24 muscles
22 and 25 were
23 quadricep 24 muscles
25 were 26 assessed

results : muscle attenuation of the rectus femoris muscle was significantly reduced following the initiation of [adt] by 18.9 % ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 attenuation
3 muscle 4 attenuation
4 attenuation 5 of
4 attenuation 12 reduced
4 attenuation 13 following
4 attenuation 16 of
5 of 8 femoris
6 the 8 femoris
7 rectus 8 femoris
8 femoris 9 muscle
8 femoris 10 was
9 muscle 10 was
10 was 11 significantly
13 following 15 initiation
14 the 15 initiation
16 of 18 by
18 by 20 %
19 18.9 20 %
20 % 23 <
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.001
23 < 25 )

in addition , there was a significant decrease ( p < 0.001 ) in the csa for the sartorius , quadriceps and rectus femoris muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 decrease
5 was 14 in
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 decrease
7 significant 8 decrease
8 decrease 11 <
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.001
11 < 13 )
14 in 16 csa
15 the 16 csa
16 csa 17 for
17 for 22 and
18 the 19 sartorius
19 sartorius 20 ,
20 , 21 quadriceps
20 , 22 and
22 and 25 muscles
23 rectus 25 muscles
24 femoris 25 muscles

there was no effect of zometa on muscle attenuation or muscle csa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 effect
3 no 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
5 of 6 zometa
6 zometa 7 on
7 on 10 or
8 muscle 9 attenuation
9 attenuation 10 or
10 or 12 csa
11 muscle 12 csa

conclusions : our results indicate that not only muscle size but also muscle quality may be adversely affected by the undertaking of [adt] in men with prostate cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicate
2 : 29 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 7 not
6 that 8 only
6 that 18 affected
8 only 10 size
9 muscle 10 size
10 size 11 but
10 size 15 may
11 but 12 also
11 but 14 quality
13 muscle 14 quality
15 may 16 be
16 be 18 affected
17 adversely 18 affected
18 affected 19 by
18 affected 26 with
19 by 21 undertaking
20 the 21 undertaking
21 undertaking 22 of
22 of 24 in
24 in 25 men
26 with 28 cancer
27 prostate 28 cancer

consequently , interventions to counteract deteriorations to both muscle mass and possibly muscle quality should be considered in men receiving [adt] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 interventions
3 interventions 4 to
3 interventions 9 muscle
3 interventions 10 mass
4 to 5 counteract
5 counteract 6 deteriorations
5 counteract 7 to
7 to 9 muscle
8 both 9 muscle
11 and 12 possibly
11 and 14 quality
11 and 17 considered
13 muscle 14 quality
14 quality 15 should
15 should 16 be
16 be 17 considered
17 considered 18 in
18 in 19 men
19 men 20 receiving

aim : to explore general practitioners ( gps )knowledge of ageing , attitudes towards older people and factors affecting their knowledge and attitudes in a chinese context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
2 : 12 ,
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 6 practitioners
5 general 6 practitioners
6 practitioners 9 )knowledge
7 ( 9 )knowledge
8 gps 9 )knowledge
9 )knowledge 10 of
9 )knowledge 12 ,
10 of 11 ageing
12 , 22 and
13 attitudes 14 towards
13 attitudes 17 and
14 towards 16 people
15 older 16 people
17 and 18 factors
17 and 19 affecting
17 and 22 and
19 affecting 21 knowledge
20 their 21 knowledge
22 and 23 attitudes
22 and 24 in
24 in 27 context
25 a 26 chinese
25 a 27 context
26 chinese 27 context

methods : four hundred gps [were] surveyed using the chinese version of the aging semantic differential ( casd ) and the chinese version of the facts on aging quiz ( cfaq1 ) scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 33 scale
3 four 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 gps
5 gps 7 surveyed
5 gps 8 using
5 gps 12 of
5 gps 20 and
8 using 11 version
9 the 11 version
10 chinese 11 version
12 of 16 differential
13 the 16 differential
14 aging 15 semantic
15 semantic 16 differential
16 differential 18 casd
17 ( 18 casd
18 casd 19 )
20 and 23 version
20 and 24 of
20 and 33 scale
21 the 23 version
22 chinese 23 version
24 of 26 facts
25 the 26 facts
26 facts 27 on
27 on 29 quiz
28 aging 29 quiz
29 quiz 31 cfaq1
30 ( 31 cfaq1
31 cfaq1 32 )

results : the casd scores indicated that gps had a neutral attitude towards older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 scores
2 : 6 indicated
2 : 16 .
3 the 5 scores
4 casd 5 scores
5 scores 6 indicated
6 indicated 7 that
7 that 8 gps
7 that 9 had
8 gps 9 had
9 had 12 attitude
9 had 13 towards
10 a 11 neutral
10 a 12 attitude
11 neutral 12 attitude
13 towards 15 people
14 older 15 people

the cfaq1 scores indicated a low level of knowledge about ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 scores
2 cfaq1 3 scores
3 scores 4 indicated
4 indicated 7 level
4 indicated 10 about
5 a 6 low
5 a 7 level
6 low 7 level
7 level 8 of
8 of 9 knowledge
10 about 11 ageing

gps ' awareness of the mental and social facts of ageing was poorer [compared] to that of physical facts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 awareness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 gps 2 '
2 ' 3 awareness
3 awareness 4 of
3 awareness 12 was
4 of 9 facts
5 the 9 facts
6 mental 7 and
7 and 8 social
7 and 9 facts
9 facts 10 of
10 of 11 ageing
12 was 13 poorer
13 poorer 15 to
15 to 16 that
16 that 17 of
17 of 19 facts
18 physical 19 facts

male gps had a significantly higher negative bias score than female gps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 male 2 gps
2 gps 3 had
3 had 8 bias
3 had 9 score
4 a 8 bias
5 significantly 6 higher
6 higher 8 bias
7 negative 8 bias
9 score 10 than
9 score 12 gps
10 than 11 female

no other variables had a statistically significant influence on knowledge and attitudes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 no 2 other
2 other 3 variables
3 variables 4 had
4 had 8 influence
4 had 9 on
5 a 6 statistically
5 a 8 influence
6 statistically 7 significant
7 significant 8 influence
9 on 11 and
10 knowledge 11 and
11 and 12 attitudes

conclusions : the findings suggest the need for education interventions for gps regarding knowledge of ageing and also provide evidence to guide future development of continuing medical programs for this group of medical doctors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 guide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 17 and
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 17 and
5 suggest 7 need
5 suggest 17 and
6 the 7 need
7 need 8 for
8 for 10 interventions
9 education 10 interventions
10 interventions 11 for
10 interventions 15 of
11 for 12 gps
12 gps 13 regarding
13 regarding 14 knowledge
15 of 16 ageing
17 and 19 provide
17 and 21 to
18 also 19 provide
19 provide 20 evidence
21 to 22 guide
22 guide 24 development
22 guide 29 for
23 future 24 development
24 development 25 of
25 of 26 continuing
26 continuing 28 programs
27 medical 28 programs
29 for 34 doctors
30 this 31 group
31 group 32 of
31 group 34 doctors
32 of 34 doctors
33 medical 34 doctors

aim : baby boomers are depicted as a cohort who will redefine the ageing process and reject segregated homes for older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 segregated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 baby
3 baby 4 boomers
3 baby 18 segregated
4 boomers 5 are
5 are 6 depicted
6 depicted 7 as
7 as 9 cohort
7 as 18 segregated
8 a 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 who
9 cohort 11 will
9 cohort 18 segregated
10 who 11 will
11 will 16 and
12 redefine 15 process
12 redefine 16 and
13 the 15 process
14 ageing 15 process
16 and 17 reject
18 segregated 19 homes
19 homes 20 for
20 for 22 people
21 older 22 people

this exploratory study sought to find [and] interview friendship groups in rural australia who are actively engaged in creating alternative living arrangements conceptualised around preparations for old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 exploratory
2 exploratory 3 study
3 study 4 sought
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 10 groups
4 sought 18 in
4 sought 26 for
5 to 6 find
6 find 9 friendship
8 interview 9 friendship
10 groups 11 in
10 groups 14 who
10 groups 15 are
11 in 13 australia
12 rural 13 australia
14 who 15 are
15 are 17 engaged
16 actively 17 engaged
18 in 19 creating
19 creating 22 arrangements
19 creating 24 around
20 alternative 22 arrangements
21 living 22 arrangements
22 arrangements 23 conceptualised
24 around 25 preparations
26 for 28 age
27 old 28 age

method : a purposive sampling frame and snowballing techniques were used to identify groups of interest , who were interviewed by phone using a semistructured survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 and
2 : 11 used
2 : 17 ,
2 : 27 .
3 a 6 frame
4 purposive 6 frame
5 sampling 6 frame
6 frame 7 and
7 and 9 techniques
7 and 10 were
8 snowballing 9 techniques
10 were 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 identify
12 to 13 identify
13 identify 14 groups
14 groups 15 of
15 of 16 interest
17 , 18 who
17 , 20 interviewed
18 who 19 were
19 were 20 interviewed
20 interviewed 22 phone
20 interviewed 23 using
21 by 22 phone
23 using 26 survey
24 a 26 survey
25 semistructured 26 survey

results : five groups were identified , each with explicit plans to avoid segregated housing by taking care of each other . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 groups
2 : 6 identified
2 : 7 ,
2 : 22 .
3 five 4 groups
4 groups 5 were
5 were 6 identified
7 , 8 each
7 , 14 segregated
8 each 9 with
8 each 14 segregated
9 with 11 plans
10 explicit 11 plans
11 plans 12 to
11 plans 13 avoid
12 to 13 avoid
14 segregated 15 housing
15 housing 16 by
16 by 17 taking
17 taking 19 of
18 care 19 of
19 of 21 other
20 each 21 other

they believe segregated housing to be undesirable and unsustainable , and perceive a need for alternative solutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 they 11 and
2 believe 4 housing
2 believe 5 to
2 believe 11 and
3 segregated 4 housing
5 to 6 be
6 be 8 and
7 undesirable 8 and
8 and 9 unsustainable
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 perceive
12 perceive 14 need
13 a 14 need
14 need 15 for
15 for 17 solutions
16 alternative 17 solutions

aims : c - peptide secretion is currently the only available clinical biomarker [to] measure residual β - cell function in type [1] diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 c
2 : 4 -
3 c 4 -
4 - 6 secretion
5 peptide 6 secretion
6 secretion 7 is
7 is 8 currently
7 is 20 function
9 the 10 only
9 the 20 function
11 available 13 biomarker
12 clinical 13 biomarker
13 biomarker 15 measure
15 measure 20 function
16 residual 19 cell
17 β 18 -
17 β 19 cell
19 cell 20 function
20 function 21 in
21 in 24 diabetes
22 type 24 diabetes

however , the natural history [of] c [-] peptide decline after diagnosis can vary considerably [dependent] upon several variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 10 decline
3 the 10 decline
4 natural 5 history
5 history 7 c
5 history 10 decline
9 peptide 10 decline
10 decline 11 after
10 decline 13 can
11 after 12 diagnosis
13 can 14 vary
14 vary 15 considerably
14 vary 17 upon
17 upon 19 variables
18 several 19 variables

we investigated the shape of c - peptide decline [over] time from [type] 1 diabetes onset in relation to age at diagnosis , haemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) levels and insulin dose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 shape
3 the 4 shape
4 shape 5 of
4 shape 11 time
5 of 6 c
7 - 11 time
8 peptide 11 time
9 decline 11 time
11 time 12 from
11 time 19 to
11 time 20 age
11 time 23 ,
12 from 16 onset
14 1 16 onset
15 diabetes 16 onset
16 onset 17 in
17 in 18 relation
19 to 20 age
20 age 21 at
21 at 22 diagnosis
23 , 30 and
24 haemoglobin 29 levels
25 a1c 27 hba1c
25 a1c 29 levels
26 ( 27 hba1c
27 hba1c 28 )
29 levels 30 and
30 and 32 dose
31 insulin 32 dose

methods : we analysed data from 3929 type 1 diabetes patients recruited from seven european centres representing all age groups at disease onset [(] childhood , adolescence and adulthood ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analysed
3 we 4 analysed
4 analysed 5 data
4 analysed 8 type
5 data 6 from
5 data 8 type
6 from 7 3929
8 type 10 diabetes
9 1 10 diabetes
10 diabetes 11 patients
10 diabetes 12 recruited
11 patients 12 recruited
12 recruited 13 from
13 from 16 centres
14 seven 16 centres
15 european 16 centres
16 centres 17 representing
16 centres 28 and
17 representing 20 groups
17 representing 21 at
18 all 20 groups
19 age 20 groups
21 at 25 childhood
22 disease 25 childhood
23 onset 25 childhood
26 , 28 and
27 adolescence 28 and
28 and 29 adulthood
28 and 30 )

the influence of the age [at] onset [on] β - cell function was investigated in a longitudinal analysis at diagnosis and up to 5 - years follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
1 the 2 influence
2 influence 3 of
2 influence 13 was
3 of 12 function
4 the 12 function
5 age 12 function
7 onset 12 function
9 β 10 -
9 β 11 cell
11 cell 12 function
13 was 14 investigated
14 investigated 15 in
14 investigated 19 at
15 in 18 analysis
16 a 17 longitudinal
16 a 18 analysis
17 longitudinal 18 analysis
19 at 20 diagnosis
21 and 26 years
21 and 27 follow
22 up 26 years
23 to 24 5
23 to 25 -
23 to 26 years
26 years 27 follow
27 follow 29 up
28 - 29 up
29 up 30 .

results : fasting [c] - [peptide] ( fcp ) data at diagnosis were available in 3668 patients stratified according to age at diagnosis in four groups ( < 5 years , n = 344 [;] >5 years < 10 years , n = 668 [;] >10 years < 18 years , n = 991 [;] >18 years , n = 1655 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 fasting
5 - 10 data
7 ( 8 fcp
8 fcp 9 )
8 fcp 10 data
10 data 11 at
10 data 13 were
11 at 12 diagnosis
13 were 14 available
14 available 15 in
14 available 20 to
14 available 24 in
15 in 16 3668
16 3668 17 patients
16 3668 18 stratified
17 patients 18 stratified
19 according 20 to
20 to 21 age
21 age 22 at
22 at 23 diagnosis
24 in 26 groups
25 four 26 groups
26 groups 30 years
26 groups 33 =
27 ( 30 years
28 < 29 5
29 5 30 years
30 years 31 ,
32 n 33 =
33 = 37 years
34 344 37 years
36 >5 37 years
37 years 40 years
37 years 46 >10
38 < 39 10
39 10 40 years
40 years 43 =
40 years 46 >10
41 , 43 =
42 n 43 =
43 = 44 668
46 >10 47 years
47 years 50 years
47 years 56 >18
48 < 49 18
49 18 50 years
50 years 53 =
50 years 56 >18
51 , 53 =
52 n 53 =
53 = 54 991
56 >18 57 years
56 >18 60 =
58 , 60 =
59 n 60 =
60 = 61 1655
60 = 63 )(

fcp levels were positively correlated with age ( p < 0.001 ) ; the subsequent decline in fcp over time was log - [linear] with a greater decline rate in younger age groups ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 fcp 2 levels
2 levels 3 were
3 were 4 positively
3 were 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 with
5 correlated 10 <
6 with 7 age
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.001
10 < 12 )
13 ; 16 decline
13 ; 22 log
14 the 16 decline
15 subsequent 16 decline
16 decline 17 in
16 decline 19 over
16 decline 21 was
17 in 18 fcp
19 over 20 time
21 was 22 log
22 log 25 with
23 - 25 with
25 with 29 rate
25 with 30 in
25 with 38 )
26 a 29 rate
27 greater 28 decline
28 decline 29 rate
30 in 33 groups
31 younger 32 age
32 age 33 groups
33 groups 36 <
34 ( 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 37 0.0001
36 < 38 )

conclusions : this study reveals a positive correlation between age at diagnosis of [type] 1 diabetes and fcp with a more rapid decline of β - cell function in the very young patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 reveals
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 reveals
5 reveals 8 correlation
5 reveals 9 between
5 reveals 11 at
5 reveals 29 in
6 a 7 positive
6 a 8 correlation
7 positive 8 correlation
9 between 10 age
11 at 12 diagnosis
12 diagnosis 13 of
13 of 28 function
15 1 28 function
16 diabetes 17 and
17 and 18 fcp
17 and 26 -
17 and 28 function
18 fcp 19 with
19 with 23 decline
20 a 23 decline
21 more 22 rapid
22 rapid 23 decline
23 decline 24 of
24 of 25 β
27 cell 28 function
29 in 33 patients
30 the 33 patients
31 very 32 young
32 young 33 patients

these data can inform the design of clinical trials [using] c - peptide values as an end - point for the effect of a given treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 can
3 can 4 inform
4 inform 6 design
5 the 6 design
6 design 7 of
7 of 9 trials
8 clinical 9 trials
9 trials 11 c
9 trials 14 values
12 - 14 values
13 peptide 14 values
14 values 15 as
14 values 18 -
15 as 17 end
16 an 17 end
18 - 19 point
18 - 27 .
19 point 20 for
20 for 22 effect
21 the 22 effect
22 effect 23 of
23 of 26 treatment
24 a 26 treatment
25 given 26 treatment

melatonin ( n - acetyl - 5 - methoxytryptamine ) is secreted during the dark hours at night by the pineal gland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 melatonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 secreted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 melatonin 3 n
1 melatonin 5 acetyl
1 melatonin 11 is
2 ( 3 n
3 n 4 -
4 - 5 acetyl
5 acetyl 8 -
5 acetyl 10 )
6 - 8 -
7 5 8 -
8 - 9 methoxytryptamine
8 - 10 )
11 is 12 secreted
12 secreted 13 during
12 secreted 17 at
12 secreted 19 by
13 during 16 hours
14 the 16 hours
15 dark 16 hours
17 at 18 night
19 by 22 gland
20 the 22 gland
21 pineal 22 gland

after entering the circulation , melatonin acts as an endocrine factor and a chemical messenger of light and darkness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 melatonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 acts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 after 2 entering
1 after 5 ,
1 after 6 melatonin
2 entering 4 circulation
3 the 4 circulation
6 melatonin 7 acts
7 acts 8 as
8 as 12 and
9 an 10 endocrine
9 an 11 factor
10 endocrine 11 factor
11 factor 12 and
12 and 15 messenger
12 and 16 of
13 a 14 chemical
13 a 15 messenger
14 chemical 15 messenger
16 of 18 and
17 light 18 and
18 and 19 darkness

it regulates a variety of important central and peripheral actions related to circadian rhythms and reproduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 2 regulates
2 regulates 4 variety
2 regulates 12 to
3 a 4 variety
4 variety 5 of
5 of 10 actions
6 important 10 actions
7 central 8 and
8 and 9 peripheral
8 and 10 actions
10 actions 11 related
12 to 15 and
13 circadian 14 rhythms
14 rhythms 15 and
15 and 16 reproduction

it also affects the brain , immune , gastrointestinal , cardiovascular , renal , bone and endocrine functions and acts as an oncostatic and anti - aging molecule . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 affects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 it 3 affects
2 also 3 affects
3 affects 19 and
4 the 5 brain
5 brain 6 ,
6 , 15 bone
6 , 16 and
7 immune 8 ,
7 immune 15 bone
9 gastrointestinal 10 ,
9 gastrointestinal 15 bone
11 cardiovascular 12 ,
11 cardiovascular 15 bone
13 renal 14 ,
13 renal 15 bone
16 and 18 functions
16 and 19 and
17 endocrine 18 functions
19 and 20 acts
19 and 21 as
21 as 28 molecule
22 an 28 molecule
23 oncostatic 24 and
24 and 27 aging
24 and 28 molecule
25 anti 26 -
25 anti 27 aging

many of melatonin 's actions are mediated through interactions with specific membrane - bound receptors expressed [not] only in the central nervous system , but also in peripheral tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 actions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 many 2 of
1 many 5 actions
2 of 5 actions
3 melatonin 4 's
4 's 5 actions
5 actions 6 are
6 are 7 mediated
7 mediated 8 through
7 mediated 25 but
8 through 9 interactions
10 with 12 membrane
10 with 25 but
11 specific 12 membrane
12 membrane 15 receptors
13 - 15 receptors
14 bound 15 receptors
15 receptors 16 expressed
15 receptors 24 ,
16 expressed 18 only
16 expressed 19 in
19 in 23 system
20 the 23 system
21 central 23 system
22 nervous 23 system
25 but 26 also
25 but 27 in
27 in 29 tissues
28 peripheral 29 tissues

melatonin also acts through [non] - receptor - mediated mechanisms , for example serving as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 melatonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 acts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 melatonin 3 acts
2 also 3 acts
3 acts 4 through
6 - 7 receptor
6 - 8 -
8 - 10 mechanisms
9 mediated 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 14 serving
11 , 14 serving
12 for 13 example
13 example 14 serving
14 serving 15 as
14 serving 26 .
15 as 22 and
16 a 17 scavenger
17 scavenger 18 for
17 scavenger 22 and
18 for 21 species
19 reactive 20 oxygen
20 oxygen 21 species
22 and 25 species
23 reactive 24 nitrogen
24 nitrogen 25 species

at both physiological and pharmacological concentrations , melatonin attenuates and counteracts oxidative stress and regulates cellular metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 at 8 melatonin
1 at 10 and
2 both 4 and
3 physiological 4 and
4 and 6 concentrations
4 and 7 ,
4 and 8 melatonin
5 pharmacological 6 concentrations
9 attenuates 10 and
10 and 14 and
11 counteracts 13 stress
11 counteracts 14 and
12 oxidative 13 stress
14 and 15 regulates
15 regulates 17 metabolism
16 cellular 17 metabolism

growing scientific evidence of reproductive physiology supports the role of melatonin in human reproduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 growing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 growing 3 evidence
1 growing 7 supports
2 scientific 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 of
4 of 6 physiology
5 reproductive 6 physiology
7 supports 9 role
7 supports 12 in
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 of
10 of 11 melatonin
12 in 14 reproduction
13 human 14 reproduction

this review was conducted to investigate the effects of melatonin on female reproduction and to summarize our findings in this field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 to
5 to 14 and
6 investigate 8 effects
6 investigate 11 on
6 investigate 14 and
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 10 melatonin
11 on 13 reproduction
12 female 13 reproduction
14 and 15 to
14 and 16 summarize
15 to 16 summarize
16 summarize 18 findings
16 summarize 19 in
17 our 18 findings
19 in 21 field
20 this 21 field

background : it is commonly requested that perioral and lateral canthal rhytides , which result from extrinsic and intrinsic factors , be rejuvenated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 it
2 : 6 requested
2 : 24 .
3 it 4 is
4 is 6 requested
5 commonly 6 requested
6 requested 7 that
7 that 9 and
7 that 23 rejuvenated
8 perioral 9 and
9 and 12 rhytides
9 and 14 which
9 and 22 be
10 lateral 12 rhytides
11 canthal 12 rhytides
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 result
14 which 21 ,
15 result 16 from
16 from 18 and
17 extrinsic 18 and
18 and 20 factors
19 intrinsic 20 factors
22 be 23 rejuvenated

objective : to valuate the safety and efficacy [of] and patient satisfaction with injectable hyaluronic acid ( ha ) with 0.3 % lidocaine hydrochloride in reducing superficial , vertical perioral wrinkles and superficial , horizontal , lateral canthal rhytides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 valuate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 valuate
4 valuate 10 and
5 the 6 safety
6 safety 7 and
7 and 8 efficacy
7 and 10 and
10 and 12 satisfaction
10 and 13 with
10 and 20 with
10 and 25 in
11 patient 12 satisfaction
13 with 16 acid
14 injectable 16 acid
15 hyaluronic 16 acid
16 acid 18 ha
17 ( 18 ha
18 ha 19 )
20 with 24 hydrochloride
21 0.3 22 %
22 % 24 hydrochloride
23 lidocaine 24 hydrochloride
25 in 26 reducing
26 reducing 32 and
27 superficial 28 ,
27 superficial 31 wrinkles
29 vertical 31 wrinkles
30 perioral 31 wrinkles
31 wrinkles 32 and
32 and 39 rhytides
33 superficial 34 ,
33 superficial 39 rhytides
35 horizontal 36 ,
35 horizontal 39 rhytides
37 lateral 39 rhytides
38 canthal 39 rhytides

the investigator and a blinded evaluator assessed patients 7 days after treatment and then every 30 days after the initial treatment session for 180 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 investigator
2 investigator 3 and
3 and 6 evaluator
3 and 7 assessed
4 a 6 evaluator
5 blinded 6 evaluator
7 assessed 8 patients
7 assessed 13 and
7 assessed 18 after
9 7 10 days
10 days 11 after
11 after 12 treatment
11 after 13 and
13 and 14 then
13 and 15 every
15 every 17 days
16 30 17 days
18 after 22 session
19 the 22 session
20 initial 21 treatment
21 treatment 22 session
22 session 23 for
23 for 25 days
24 180 25 days

results : subjects experienced statistically significant improvement in their superficial , vertical perioral lines and superficial , horizontal , lateral canthal lines and maintained those results for 180 and 120 days , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 23 and
3 subjects 15 and
3 subjects 23 and
4 experienced 7 improvement
5 statistically 6 significant
6 significant 7 improvement
7 improvement 8 in
7 improvement 11 ,
8 in 10 superficial
9 their 10 superficial
11 , 14 lines
11 , 15 and
12 vertical 14 lines
13 perioral 14 lines
15 and 22 lines
16 superficial 17 ,
16 superficial 22 lines
18 horizontal 19 ,
18 horizontal 22 lines
20 lateral 22 lines
21 canthal 22 lines
23 and 24 maintained
24 maintained 26 results
24 maintained 27 for
24 maintained 33 respectively
25 those 26 results
27 for 31 days
28 180 29 and
29 and 30 120
29 and 31 days
32 , 33 respectively
33 respectively 34 .

three patients experienced delayed - onset periocular nodule formation associated with swelling and erythema at sites of injection , which were histologically consistent with a granulomatous reaction to the product . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 three 2 patients
2 patients 3 experienced
2 patients 4 delayed
2 patients 11 with
2 patients 13 and
4 delayed 5 -
4 delayed 10 associated
6 onset 10 associated
7 periocular 8 nodule
8 nodule 10 associated
9 formation 10 associated
11 with 12 swelling
13 and 14 erythema
13 and 20 which
14 erythema 15 at
15 at 16 sites
16 sites 17 of
17 of 18 injection
19 , 20 which
20 which 21 were
20 which 31 .
21 were 22 histologically
21 were 23 consistent
23 consistent 24 with
24 with 27 reaction
25 a 26 granulomatous
25 a 27 reaction
26 granulomatous 27 reaction
27 reaction 28 to
28 to 30 product
29 the 30 product

conclusion : injectable ha with a particle size of 350 μm was efficacious and resulted in high patient improvement scores in improving moderate to severe superficial , vertical perioral lines and superficial , horizontal , lateral canthal lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 31 and
3 injectable 4 ha
4 ha 5 with
4 ha 31 and
5 with 7 particle
6 a 7 particle
7 particle 8 size
7 particle 22 improving
7 particle 23 moderate
8 size 9 of
8 size 14 and
9 of 11 μm
10 350 11 μm
12 was 13 efficacious
12 was 14 and
14 and 15 resulted
14 and 21 in
15 resulted 16 in
16 in 20 scores
17 high 20 scores
18 patient 19 improvement
19 improvement 20 scores
21 in 22 improving
23 moderate 24 to
24 to 30 lines
25 severe 30 lines
26 superficial 27 ,
26 superficial 30 lines
28 vertical 30 lines
29 perioral 30 lines
31 and 38 lines
32 superficial 33 ,
32 superficial 38 lines
34 horizontal 35 ,
34 horizontal 38 lines
36 lateral 38 lines
37 canthal 38 lines

three of the 40 enrolled patients demonstrated granuloma formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 granuloma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 three 2 of
1 three 8 granuloma
2 of 6 patients
3 the 4 40
4 40 6 patients
5 enrolled 6 patients
6 patients 7 demonstrated
8 granuloma 9 formation

vasohibin - 2 ( vash2 ) is a homolog of vasohibin - [1] and exhibits pro - angiogenic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vasohibin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 vasohibin 3 2
1 vasohibin 7 is
2 - 3 2
3 2 5 vash2
3 2 6 )
4 ( 5 vash2
5 vash2 6 )
7 is 9 homolog
8 a 9 homolog
9 homolog 10 of
10 of 14 and
11 vasohibin 14 and
12 - 14 and
14 and 16 pro
15 exhibits 16 pro
17 - 19 activity
18 angiogenic 19 activity

we recently reported that vash2 is expressed in certain ovarian cancers and promotes tumor growth through angiogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 3 reported
2 recently 3 reported
3 reported 4 that
4 that 5 vash2
4 that 6 is
5 vash2 6 is
6 is 12 and
7 expressed 8 in
7 expressed 12 and
8 in 11 cancers
9 certain 11 cancers
10 ovarian 11 cancers
12 and 13 promotes
12 and 15 growth
12 and 16 through
14 tumor 15 growth
16 through 17 angiogenesis

to further demonstrate the effectiveness of molecular targeting of vash2 for anticancer treatment , we applied in vivo delivery of sirna targeting vash2 ( sivash2 ) using atelocollagen to a [xenograft] model of ovarian cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 to 3 demonstrate
2 further 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 5 effectiveness
4 the 5 effectiveness
5 effectiveness 6 of
6 of 8 targeting
7 molecular 8 targeting
8 targeting 9 of
9 of 10 vash2
10 vash2 11 for
11 for 13 treatment
12 anticancer 13 treatment
14 , 15 we
14 , 16 applied
15 we 16 applied
16 applied 18 vivo
16 applied 19 delivery
16 applied 27 using
17 in 18 vivo
19 delivery 20 of
19 delivery 25 sivash2
20 of 21 sirna
21 sirna 22 targeting
22 targeting 23 vash2
24 ( 25 sivash2
25 sivash2 26 )
27 using 28 atelocollagen
27 using 29 to
29 to 32 model
30 a 32 model
32 model 33 of
33 of 35 cancer
34 ovarian 35 cancer

we inoculated mice s.c [.] with diss and skov - 3 , two representative human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cell lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inoculated
1 we 2 inoculated
2 inoculated 8 and
3 mice 4 s.c
3 mice 8 and
4 s.c 6 with
6 with 7 diss
8 and 9 skov
9 skov 11 3
10 - 11 3
11 3 20 lines
11 3 21 .
12 , 20 lines
13 two 20 lines
14 representative 15 human
15 human 19 cell
16 ovarian 18 adenocarcinoma
17 serous 18 adenocarcinoma
18 adenocarcinoma 19 cell
19 cell 20 lines
20 lines 21 .

when tumors were measurable , we initiated treatment with control or sivash2 mixed with atelocollagen , which enveloped the whole tumor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mixed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 when 2 tumors
1 when 3 were
1 when 5 ,
1 when 6 we
2 tumors 3 were
3 were 4 measurable
6 we 7 initiated
7 initiated 8 treatment
7 initiated 9 with
9 with 11 or
9 with 13 mixed
10 control 11 or
11 or 12 sivash2
13 mixed 14 with
14 with 15 atelocollagen
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 enveloped
17 which 18 enveloped
18 enveloped 21 tumor
19 the 21 tumor
20 whole 21 tumor

treatment with sivash2 significantly inhibited s.c [.] tumor growth by abrogating tumor angiogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 treatment 2 with
1 treatment 5 inhibited
2 with 3 sivash2
4 significantly 5 inhibited
5 inhibited 9 growth
5 inhibited 10 by
6 s.c 9 growth
8 tumor 9 growth
10 by 11 abrogating
11 abrogating 13 angiogenesis
12 tumor 13 angiogenesis

we confirmed that expression of vash2 mrna in the tumor was downregulated by sivash2 treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 confirmed
2 confirmed 3 that
3 that 4 expression
3 that 12 downregulated
4 expression 5 of
4 expression 11 was
5 of 6 vash2
6 vash2 7 mrna
7 mrna 8 in
8 in 10 tumor
9 the 10 tumor
11 was 12 downregulated
12 downregulated 13 by
13 by 15 treatment
14 sivash2 15 treatment

in addition , the sivash2 - treated tumor contained more blood vessels covered with pericytes , indicating that knockdown [of] vash2 contributes to the normalization of tumor blood vessels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tumor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 contained
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 tumor
4 the 8 tumor
5 sivash2 6 -
5 sivash2 8 tumor
7 treated 8 tumor
8 tumor 9 contained
9 contained 12 vessels
10 more 12 vessels
11 blood 12 vessels
12 vessels 13 covered
13 covered 14 with
13 covered 17 indicating
14 with 15 pericytes
16 , 17 indicating
17 indicating 18 that
17 indicating 30 .
18 that 21 vash2
18 that 22 contributes
19 knockdown 21 vash2
21 vash2 22 contributes
22 contributes 23 to
23 to 25 normalization
24 the 25 normalization
25 normalization 26 of
26 of 29 vessels
27 tumor 29 vessels
28 blood 29 vessels

based on these results , vash2 may be a promising molecular target for ovarian cancer treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vash2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 6 vash2
2 on 4 results
3 these 4 results
6 vash2 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 12 target
9 a 10 promising
9 a 12 target
10 promising 12 target
11 molecular 12 target
12 target 13 for
13 for 16 treatment
14 ovarian 15 cancer
15 cancer 16 treatment

mice deficient in the klotho gene ( kl/kl mice ) display the [phenotypes] [of] human ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 display
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mice 2 deficient
1 mice 11 display
2 deficient 3 in
3 in 6 gene
4 the 6 gene
5 klotho 6 gene
6 gene 9 mice
7 ( 9 mice
8 kl/kl 9 mice
9 mice 10 )
11 display 16 ageing
12 the 16 ageing
15 human 16 ageing

we found that the expression of epidermal differentiation - associated factors ( keratin 1 , keratin 10 , filaggrin and loricrin ) was lower in the skin of kl/kl mice than that of wild - type mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 5 expression
3 that 23 was
4 the 5 expression
5 expression 6 of
5 expression 11 factors
5 expression 23 was
6 of 8 differentiation
7 epidermal 8 differentiation
9 - 11 factors
10 associated 11 factors
11 factors 20 and
11 factors 22 )
12 ( 20 and
13 keratin 14 1
13 keratin 15 ,
15 , 16 keratin
15 , 18 ,
16 keratin 17 10
18 , 19 filaggrin
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 loricrin
20 and 22 )
23 was 24 lower
24 lower 25 in
24 lower 31 than
25 in 27 skin
26 the 27 skin
27 skin 28 of
28 of 30 mice
29 kl/kl 30 mice
31 than 32 that
32 that 33 of
33 of 37 mice
34 wild 35 -
34 wild 36 type
36 type 37 mice

these findings suggest that the epidermal differentiation is deranged in kl/kl mice , and βklotho is required for the differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 differentiation
4 that 9 deranged
5 the 7 differentiation
6 epidermal 7 differentiation
7 differentiation 8 is
8 is 9 deranged
9 deranged 10 in
10 in 12 mice
11 kl/kl 12 mice
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 βklotho
14 and 17 required
15 βklotho 16 is
16 is 17 required
17 required 18 for
18 for 20 differentiation
19 the 20 differentiation
20 differentiation 21 of
21 of 24 keratinocytes
22 human 24 keratinocytes
23 epidermal 24 keratinocytes

background : the use of botulinum toxin has rapidly expanded into various aesthetic applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 use
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 10 expanded
5 of 6 botulinum
6 botulinum 7 toxin
6 botulinum 8 has
7 toxin 8 has
8 has 9 rapidly
10 expanded 11 into
11 into 14 applications
12 various 14 applications
13 aesthetic 14 applications

any guideline representing a consensus for aesthetic treatments using botulinum toxin type a ( bta ) in asians has not been published . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 guideline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 published
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 any 2 guideline
2 guideline 3 representing
2 guideline 19 has
3 representing 5 consensus
4 a 5 consensus
5 consensus 6 for
6 for 8 treatments
7 aesthetic 8 treatments
8 treatments 9 using
9 using 12 type
9 using 17 in
10 botulinum 12 type
11 toxin 12 type
12 type 13 a
12 type 15 bta
14 ( 15 bta
15 bta 16 )
17 in 18 asians
19 has 20 not
19 has 21 been
21 been 22 published

objectives : to provide consensus recommendations on common aesthetic problems which are treated by neurotoxin in asians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 provide
2 : 18 .
3 to 4 provide
4 provide 6 recommendations
4 provide 7 on
5 consensus 6 recommendations
7 on 10 problems
8 common 10 problems
9 aesthetic 10 problems
10 problems 11 which
10 problems 12 are
11 which 12 are
12 are 13 treated
13 treated 14 by
13 treated 16 in
14 by 15 neurotoxin
16 in 17 asians

methods : a panel of experienced korean dermatologists was convened to develop a clinical consensus on common aesthetic problems involving the face , neck , and calves in asians , based on their own extensive experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 panel
2 : 30 ,
3 a 4 panel
4 panel 5 of
4 panel 30 ,
5 of 8 dermatologists
6 experienced 7 korean
7 korean 8 dermatologists
9 was 10 convened
9 was 30 ,
10 convened 11 to
10 convened 16 on
10 convened 28 in
11 to 12 develop
12 develop 15 consensus
13 a 15 consensus
14 clinical 15 consensus
16 on 26 and
17 common 19 problems
18 aesthetic 19 problems
19 problems 20 involving
19 problems 23 ,
20 involving 22 face
21 the 22 face
23 , 24 neck
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 calves
28 in 29 asians
30 , 31 based
30 , 32 on
32 on 36 experience
33 their 34 own
33 their 36 experience
35 extensive 36 experience

results : the consensus recommendations address general questions regarding treatment and provide specific guidelines on each common aesthetic indication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 recommendations
2 : 11 and
2 : 20 .
3 the 5 recommendations
4 consensus 5 recommendations
5 recommendations 11 and
6 address 8 questions
6 address 11 and
7 general 8 questions
8 questions 9 regarding
9 regarding 10 treatment
11 and 12 provide
12 provide 14 guidelines
12 provide 15 on
13 specific 14 guidelines
15 on 19 indication
16 each 19 indication
17 common 19 indication
18 aesthetic 19 indication

the recommended final concentration of bta was 50 u/ml after reconstitution with physiologic saline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 4 concentration
2 recommended 4 concentration
3 final 4 concentration
4 concentration 5 of
4 concentration 7 was
5 of 6 bta
7 was 10 after
7 was 12 with
8 50 9 u/ml
9 u/ml 10 after
10 after 11 reconstitution
12 with 14 saline
13 physiologic 14 saline

for horizontal forehead lines , the members recommended nine injections in two rows into the frontalis with 1 u/point . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 for 4 lines
1 for 5 ,
1 for 7 members
2 horizontal 3 forehead
3 forehead 4 lines
6 the 7 members
7 members 8 recommended
8 recommended 10 injections
8 recommended 11 in
8 recommended 14 into
8 recommended 17 with
9 nine 10 injections
11 in 13 rows
12 two 13 rows
14 into 16 frontalis
15 the 16 frontalis
17 with 19 u/point
18 1 19 u/point

for glabellar lines , the members recommended three injection points ( a total of [8] u ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 3 lines
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 members
2 glabellar 3 lines
5 the 6 members
6 members 7 recommended
7 recommended 10 points
8 three 10 points
9 injection 10 points
10 points 13 total
11 ( 13 total
12 a 13 total
13 total 14 of
13 total 17 )
14 of 16 u

for crow 's feet , the members recommended three injections per side ( 7 u/side ) at the lateral part of the orbicularis oculi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 for 4 feet
1 for 5 ,
1 for 7 members
2 crow 3 's
3 's 4 feet
6 the 7 members
7 members 8 recommended
8 recommended 10 injections
8 recommended 17 at
9 three 10 injections
10 injections 11 per
10 injections 15 u/side
11 per 12 side
13 ( 15 u/side
14 7 15 u/side
15 u/side 16 )
17 at 24 oculi
18 the 20 part
19 lateral 20 part
20 part 21 of
20 part 24 oculi
21 of 24 oculi
22 the 24 oculi
23 orbicularis 24 oculi

for infraorbital wrinkles , one to two points per side in the superficial subcutaneous space approximately 1 cm below the lash line were recommended ( 1 - 2 u/side ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 points
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 for 3 wrinkles
1 for 4 ,
1 for 8 points
2 infraorbital 3 wrinkles
5 one 6 to
6 to 7 two
6 to 8 points
8 points 9 per
8 points 11 in
8 points 23 were
9 per 10 side
11 in 15 space
12 the 15 space
13 superficial 15 space
14 subcutaneous 15 space
15 space 19 below
16 approximately 17 1
17 1 18 cm
18 cm 19 below
19 below 22 line
20 the 22 line
21 lash 22 line
23 were 24 recommended
24 recommended 27 -
25 ( 27 -
26 1 27 -
27 - 29 u/side
27 - 30 )
28 2 29 u/side

[for] nasal flare , one [injection] point in the middle of each ala nasi [was] recommended ( a total of [2] u ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 flare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 nasal 3 flare
4 , 7 point
4 , 13 ala
5 one 7 point
7 point 8 in
7 point 13 ala
8 in 10 middle
9 the 10 middle
10 middle 11 of
11 of 12 each
13 ala 14 nasi
14 nasi 16 recommended
14 nasi 19 total
17 ( 19 total
18 a 19 total
19 total 20 of
19 total 23 )
20 of 22 u

for depressed nasal tip , a single injection deep within the columella was recommended , with a dose of 3 [u] [.] for benign masseter hypertrophy , the members recommended [a] six - point injection to the masseter ( three points per side for a total of 50 - 60 [u] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 for 3 nasal
1 for 4 tip
2 depressed 3 nasal
5 , 8 injection
5 , 14 recommended
5 , 15 ,
6 a 7 single
6 a 8 injection
7 single 8 injection
8 injection 9 deep
8 injection 13 was
9 deep 10 within
10 within 12 columella
11 the 12 columella
13 was 14 recommended
15 , 26 hypertrophy
15 , 27 ,
16 with 18 dose
16 with 26 hypertrophy
17 a 18 dose
18 dose 19 of
19 of 20 3
20 3 23 for
23 for 25 masseter
24 benign 25 masseter
27 , 29 members
27 , 30 recommended
27 , 33 -
28 the 29 members
29 members 30 recommended
30 recommended 32 six
33 - 34 point
34 point 35 injection
35 injection 36 to
36 to 38 masseter
37 the 38 masseter
38 masseter 41 points
39 ( 41 points
40 three 41 points
41 points 42 per
41 points 44 for
41 points 47 of
41 points 50 60
41 points 53 .
42 per 43 side
44 for 46 total
45 a 46 total
47 of 48 50
49 - 50 60
50 60 52 )

for the treatment [of] calf hypertrophy , the members recommended a total dose of 100 to 120 [u] ( 50 - 60 u/side ) , divided between six injection points ( approximately 8 - 10 u/point ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hypertrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 for 5 calf
1 for 6 hypertrophy
2 the 5 calf
3 treatment 5 calf
7 , 9 members
7 , 10 recommended
8 the 9 members
9 members 10 recommended
10 recommended 13 dose
10 recommended 21 -
10 recommended 26 divided
11 a 13 dose
12 total 13 dose
13 dose 14 of
14 of 16 to
15 100 16 to
16 to 17 120
19 ( 21 -
20 50 21 -
21 - 23 u/side
21 - 24 )
22 60 23 u/side
25 , 26 divided
26 divided 27 between
26 divided 37 )
27 between 30 points
28 six 29 injection
29 injection 30 points
30 points 33 8
31 ( 33 8
32 approximately 33 8
33 8 36 u/point
33 8 37 )
34 - 36 u/point
35 10 36 u/point
36 u/point 37 )

conclusion : this guideline provides a framework for physicians who wish to perform safe and efficacious injections of bta in asians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 guideline
2 : 5 provides
3 this 4 guideline
4 guideline 5 provides
5 provides 7 framework
5 provides 8 for
5 provides 12 to
5 provides 20 in
6 a 7 framework
8 for 9 physicians
9 physicians 10 who
9 physicians 11 wish
10 who 11 wish
12 to 13 perform
13 perform 17 injections
14 safe 15 and
15 and 16 efficacious
15 and 17 injections
17 injections 18 of
18 of 19 bta
20 in 21 asians

objectives : to examine the association between tea consumption and depressive symptoms in chinese older people and to explore the mediating role of cerebrovascular disease in the association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 17 and
3 to 17 and
4 examine 6 association
4 examine 7 between
4 examine 13 in
4 examine 17 and
5 the 6 association
7 between 10 and
8 tea 9 consumption
9 consumption 10 and
10 and 12 symptoms
11 depressive 12 symptoms
13 in 16 people
14 chinese 16 people
15 older 16 people
17 and 18 to
17 and 19 explore
18 to 19 explore
19 explore 22 role
19 explore 26 in
20 the 22 role
21 mediating 22 role
22 role 23 of
23 of 25 disease
24 cerebrovascular 25 disease
26 in 28 association
27 the 28 association

design : population - based cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 population
4 - 6 cross
4 - 7 -
4 - 10 .
5 based 6 cross
7 - 9 study
8 sectional 9 study

setting : a rural community near qufu in shandong , china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 community
3 a 4 rural
3 a 5 community
4 rural 5 community
5 community 6 near
6 near 7 qufu
7 qufu 8 in
8 in 9 shandong
10 , 11 china

participants : community - dwelling individuals aged 60 and older [(] mean 68.6 [;] 59.3 % female ) from the confucius hometown aging project ( n = 1,368 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 community
2 : 19 from
3 community 9 and
4 - 9 and
5 dwelling 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 aged
6 individuals 9 and
7 aged 8 60
9 and 17 female
9 and 18 )
10 older 12 mean
12 mean 17 female
13 68.6 17 female
15 59.3 16 %
16 % 17 female
19 from 24 project
20 the 24 project
21 confucius 22 hometown
22 hometown 23 aging
23 aging 24 project
24 project 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 1,368
27 = 29 )

measurements : data were collected through interviews , clinical examinations , and psychological testing , following a standard procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 were
2 : 20 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 collected
5 collected 6 through
6 through 12 and
7 interviews 8 ,
8 , 10 examinations
8 , 12 and
9 clinical 10 examinations
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 testing
12 and 15 ,
12 and 16 following
13 psychological 14 testing
16 following 19 procedure
17 a 19 procedure
18 standard 19 procedure

presence of high depressive symptoms was defined as a score of 5 or greater on the 15 [-] item geriatric depression scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 presence 2 of
1 presence 6 was
2 of 5 symptoms
3 high 5 symptoms
4 depressive 5 symptoms
6 was 7 defined
7 defined 8 as
8 as 22 scale
9 a 10 score
10 score 11 of
10 score 13 or
11 of 12 5
13 or 14 greater
13 or 19 item
14 greater 15 on
15 on 17 15
16 the 17 15
19 item 22 scale
20 geriatric 21 depression
21 depression 22 scale

results : of the 1,368 participants , 165 ( 12.1 % ) were weekly and 489 ( 35.7 % ) were daily tea consumers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 6 participants
4 the 5 1,368
5 1,368 6 participants
7 , 8 165
7 , 13 were
7 , 15 and
8 165 11 %
8 165 13 were
9 ( 11 %
10 12.1 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 were 14 weekly
15 and 16 489
15 and 21 were
16 489 19 %
16 489 21 were
17 ( 19 %
18 35.7 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 were 24 consumers
22 daily 24 consumers
23 tea 24 consumers

compared with no [or] irregular tea consumption , [controlling] [for] age , sex , education , leisure activities , number of comorbidities , and mini - mental state examination score , the odds ratios of having high depressive symptoms were 0.86 ( 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) = 0.56 - 1.32 [ )(for weekly and 0.59 [(] 95 % ci = 0.43 - 0.81 ) for daily tea consumption [(] p for linear trend = [.] 001 [ )( the linear trend of the association remained statistically [significant] when further controlling [for] history of stroke , transient ischemic attacks , and presence of carotid plaques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 8 ,
1 compared 11 age
2 with 7 consumption
3 no 7 consumption
5 irregular 7 consumption
6 tea 7 consumption
12 , 13 sex
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 education
14 , 16 ,
16 , 18 activities
16 , 19 ,
17 leisure 18 activities
19 , 24 and
19 , 26 -
20 number 21 of
20 number 24 and
21 of 22 comorbidities
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 mini
26 - 30 score
26 - 31 ,
27 mental 28 state
28 state 29 examination
29 examination 30 score
31 , 40 were
32 the 34 ratios
33 odds 34 ratios
34 ratios 35 of
35 of 36 having
36 having 39 symptoms
36 having 40 were
37 high 39 symptoms
38 depressive 39 symptoms
40 were 41 0.86
40 were 52 -
41 0.86 46 interval
42 ( 46 interval
43 95 46 interval
44 % 45 confidence
45 confidence 46 interval
46 interval 48 ci
46 interval 49 )
47 ( 48 ci
48 ci 49 )
50 = 52 -
51 0.56 52 -
52 - 53 1.32
52 - 55 )(for
55 )(for 57 and
56 weekly 57 and
57 and 62 ci
57 and 67 )
57 and 68 for
58 0.59 62 ci
60 95 62 ci
61 % 62 ci
62 ci 65 -
63 = 64 0.43
64 0.43 65 -
65 - 66 0.81
68 for 71 consumption
69 daily 70 tea
70 tea 71 consumption
71 consumption 73 p
71 consumption 74 for
74 for 76 trend
75 linear 76 trend
76 trend 79 001
76 trend 88 remained
77 = 79 001
79 001 83 linear
79 001 84 trend
79 001 85 of
79 001 88 remained
82 the 83 linear
83 linear 84 trend
85 of 87 association
86 the 87 association
88 remained 89 statistically
88 remained 91 when
91 when 93 controlling
92 further 93 controlling
93 controlling 103 and
95 history 96 of
95 history 103 and
96 of 97 stroke
97 stroke 101 attacks
98 , 101 attacks
99 transient 101 attacks
100 ischemic 101 attacks
101 attacks 102 ,
102 , 103 and
103 and 104 presence
103 and 108 .
104 presence 105 of
105 of 107 plaques
106 carotid 107 plaques

conclusions : daily tea consumption is associated with [a] lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in chinese older people living in a rural community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 consumption
2 : 7 associated
3 daily 4 tea
4 tea 5 consumption
5 consumption 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 11 likelihood
8 with 19 living
10 lower 11 likelihood
11 likelihood 12 of
11 likelihood 15 in
12 of 14 symptoms
13 depressive 14 symptoms
15 in 18 people
16 chinese 18 people
17 older 18 people
19 living 20 in
20 in 23 community
21 a 23 community
22 rural 23 community

the association appears to be independent of cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 appears
3 appears 4 to
3 appears 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 10 and
6 independent 7 of
6 independent 10 and
7 of 9 disease
8 cerebrovascular 9 disease
10 and 11 atherosclerosis

none none none none none none none none objectives : to examine the association between hospice use and public expenditures in a sample of dually eligible assisted living ( al ) residents at the end of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 none 9 objectives
1 none 11 to
1 none 12 examine
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 none
4 none 5 none
5 none 6 none
6 none 7 none
7 none 8 none
8 none 9 objectives
9 objectives 10 :
10 : 11 to
12 examine 32 residents
12 examine 33 at
13 the 14 association
14 association 15 between
14 association 18 and
15 between 17 use
16 hospice 17 use
18 and 20 expenditures
18 and 21 in
18 and 32 residents
19 public 20 expenditures
21 in 23 sample
22 a 23 sample
23 sample 24 of
24 of 28 living
25 dually 26 eligible
26 eligible 28 living
27 assisted 28 living
28 living 30 al
29 ( 30 al
30 al 31 )
33 at 35 end
34 the 35 end
35 end 36 of
36 of 37 life

design : a retrospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 6 study
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 6 study
4 retrospective 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 study

setting : florida al facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 facilities
3 florida 4 al
4 al 5 facilities

participants : newly enrolled dually eligible older al residents under florida 's medicaid assisted living for the elderly waiver program who died between january 2003 and december 2004 ( n = 382 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 26 and
2 : 34 .
3 newly 4 enrolled
4 enrolled 9 residents
5 dually 6 eligible
6 eligible 9 residents
7 older 9 residents
8 al 9 residents
9 residents 10 under
9 residents 26 and
10 under 20 program
11 florida 12 's
12 's 20 program
13 medicaid 14 assisted
14 assisted 15 living
15 living 16 for
15 living 20 program
16 for 18 elderly
17 the 18 elderly
19 waiver 20 program
20 program 21 who
20 program 22 died
21 who 22 died
22 died 23 between
23 between 24 january
24 january 25 2003
26 and 27 december
26 and 31 =
27 december 28 2004
29 ( 31 =
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 382
31 = 33 )

measurements : individual sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from florida 's medicaid comprehensive assessment data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 characteristics
2 : 7 obtained
2 : 15 .
3 individual 5 characteristics
4 sociodemographic 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 were
6 were 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 from
8 from 14 data
9 florida 10 's
10 's 14 data
11 medicaid 14 data
12 comprehensive 13 assessment
13 assessment 14 data

medicaid eligibility status , [enrollment] in the al waiver programs , international classification of diseases , ninth revision , clinical modification , codes and medicaid claims data were obtained from florida 's medicaid payment agency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 medicaid 3 status
2 eligibility 3 status
4 , 13 classification
4 , 26 claims
6 in 10 programs
6 in 11 ,
6 in 13 classification
7 the 10 programs
8 al 10 programs
9 waiver 10 programs
12 international 13 classification
13 classification 14 of
13 classification 26 claims
14 of 24 and
15 diseases 16 ,
16 , 18 revision
16 , 19 ,
17 ninth 18 revision
19 , 21 modification
19 , 22 ,
20 clinical 21 modification
22 , 23 codes
22 , 24 and
24 and 25 medicaid
26 claims 27 data
26 claims 29 obtained
27 data 28 were
28 were 29 obtained
29 obtained 30 from
30 from 35 agency
31 florida 32 's
32 's 35 agency
33 medicaid 35 agency
34 payment 35 agency

individual characteristics and medicare and medicaid claims data were merged with vital statistics to determine diagnoses , date of death , hospice enrollment , and public expenditures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 individual 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 and
3 and 4 medicare
5 and 6 medicaid
5 and 7 claims
6 medicaid 7 claims
7 claims 8 data
7 claims 10 merged
8 data 9 were
9 were 10 merged
10 merged 11 with
11 with 13 statistics
12 vital 13 statistics
13 statistics 14 to
13 statistics 17 ,
13 statistics 19 of
14 to 17 ,
15 determine 16 diagnoses
15 determine 17 ,
17 , 18 date
19 of 25 and
20 death 21 ,
21 , 23 enrollment
21 , 25 and
22 hospice 23 enrollment
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 expenditures
26 public 27 expenditures

results : the mean age of the study sample was 84.8 ( range 65 - 102 ) ; 71.5 % were female , and 63.4 % were white . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 age
2 : 10 was
2 : 18 ;
2 : 29 .
3 the 5 age
4 mean 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 10 was
6 of 9 sample
7 the 9 sample
8 study 9 sample
10 was 11 84.8
11 84.8 13 range
12 ( 13 range
13 range 15 -
13 range 17 )
14 65 15 -
15 - 16 102
18 ; 20 %
18 ; 21 were
18 ; 24 and
19 71.5 20 %
20 % 21 were
21 were 22 female
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 %
24 and 27 were
25 63.4 26 %
26 % 27 were
27 were 28 white

during the average 9.6 months [of] follow - up , 35.6 % of the sample enrolled in hospice , and the average hospice length of stay was 47.9 d ; 73.3 % of the sample had been admitted to a hospital , and 38.0 % had been admitted to a nursing home [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 months
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 during 3 average
1 during 5 months
2 the 3 average
4 9.6 5 months
5 months 7 follow
7 follow 9 up
8 - 9 up
9 up 10 ,
10 , 12 %
10 , 16 enrolled
10 , 19 ,
11 35.6 12 %
12 % 13 of
12 % 16 enrolled
13 of 15 sample
14 the 15 sample
16 enrolled 17 in
17 in 18 hospice
19 , 20 and
19 , 27 was
19 , 30 ;
20 and 24 length
21 the 24 length
22 average 23 hospice
23 hospice 24 length
24 length 25 of
24 length 27 was
25 of 26 stay
27 was 29 d
28 47.9 29 d
30 ; 32 %
30 ; 38 admitted
30 ; 42 ,
31 73.3 32 %
32 % 33 of
32 % 36 had
33 of 35 sample
34 the 35 sample
36 had 37 been
37 been 38 admitted
38 admitted 39 to
39 to 41 hospital
40 a 41 hospital
42 , 43 and
42 , 48 admitted
43 and 45 %
44 38.0 45 %
45 % 46 had
46 had 47 been
47 been 48 admitted
48 admitted 49 to
49 to 52 home
50 a 52 home
51 nursing 52 home

the generalized linear model showed that hospice use was not significantly associated with lower public expenditures ( average marginal effect [=] - $ 1,127 , 95 % confidence interval [=] - $ 8,377 , $ 6,122 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 4 model
2 generalized 4 model
3 linear 4 model
4 model 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 use
6 that 12 associated
7 hospice 8 use
8 use 9 was
9 was 10 not
9 was 11 significantly
9 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 16 expenditures
14 lower 16 expenditures
15 public 16 expenditures
16 expenditures 20 effect
17 ( 20 effect
18 average 20 effect
19 marginal 20 effect
20 effect 23 $
20 effect 25 ,
22 - 23 $
23 $ 24 1,127
23 $ 25 ,
25 , 29 interval
25 , 31 -
26 95 27 %
27 % 28 confidence
28 confidence 29 interval
31 - 32 $
32 $ 33 8,377
32 $ 35 $
34 , 35 $
35 $ 36 6,122
35 $ 37 )

conclusion : hospice use at the end of life may not be associated with lower public expenditures in older dually eligible al residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 use
2 : 13 associated
2 : 24 .
3 hospice 4 use
4 use 5 at
4 use 10 may
5 at 7 end
6 the 7 end
7 end 8 of
8 of 9 life
10 may 11 not
10 may 12 be
12 be 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 18 in
14 with 17 expenditures
15 lower 17 expenditures
16 public 17 expenditures
18 in 23 residents
19 older 23 residents
20 dually 21 eligible
21 eligible 23 residents
22 al 23 residents

future research should examine the association [between] hospice enrollment and the quality [of] end - of [-] life care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 examine
4 examine 10 and
4 examine 19 care
5 the 9 enrollment
6 association 9 enrollment
8 hospice 9 enrollment
9 enrollment 10 and
10 and 14 end
10 and 15 -
10 and 16 of
10 and 19 care
11 the 14 end
12 quality 14 end
16 of 18 life

objectives : to describe the extent to which hospitalized nursing home ( nh ) residents with advanced dementia were [admitted] to a skilled nursing facility ( snf ) after a qualifying hospitalization [and] to identify resident and nursing home characteristics associated with [a] greater likelihood of snf admissions . 
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 6 extent
5 the 6 extent
6 extent 7 to
7 to 8 which
7 to 11 home
7 to 15 residents
7 to 19 were
8 which 11 home
9 hospitalized 10 nursing
10 nursing 11 home
11 home 13 nh
12 ( 13 nh
13 nh 14 )
15 residents 16 with
15 residents 19 were
16 with 18 dementia
17 advanced 18 dementia
19 were 21 to
19 were 29 after
21 to 25 facility
22 a 23 skilled
22 a 25 facility
23 skilled 24 nursing
24 nursing 25 facility
25 facility 27 snf
26 ( 27 snf
27 snf 28 )
29 after 32 hospitalization
30 a 32 hospitalization
31 qualifying 32 hospitalization
32 hospitalization 34 to
32 hospitalization 35 identify
34 to 35 identify
35 identify 37 and
36 resident 37 and
37 and 40 characteristics
37 and 49 .
38 nursing 40 characteristics
39 home 40 characteristics
40 characteristics 41 associated
40 characteristics 42 with
40 characteristics 46 of
42 with 45 likelihood
44 greater 45 likelihood
46 of 48 admissions
47 snf 48 admissions

design : cohort study using data from the minimum data set , medicare claims , and the on - line survey certification of automated records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 using
2 : 7 from
3 cohort 4 study
5 using 6 data
7 from 11 set
8 the 11 set
9 minimum 10 data
10 data 11 set
11 set 16 and
12 , 16 and
13 medicare 14 claims
14 claims 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 on
16 and 19 -
17 the 18 on
19 - 20 line
19 - 26 .
20 line 22 certification
21 survey 22 certification
22 certification 23 of
23 of 25 records
24 automated 25 records

setting : united states , 2000 - 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 4 states
3 united 4 states
5 , 6 2000
5 , 7 -
6 2000 7 -
7 - 8 2006

participants : nursing home residents with advanced dementia aged 65 and older with a 3 [-] day hospitalization ( n = 4,177 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 nursing
3 nursing 11 and
4 home 5 residents
5 residents 6 with
5 residents 11 and
6 with 8 dementia
7 advanced 8 dementia
8 dementia 9 aged
9 aged 10 65
11 and 12 older
12 older 13 with
13 with 18 hospitalization
14 a 18 hospitalization
15 3 17 day
17 day 18 hospitalization
18 hospitalization 21 =
19 ( 21 =
20 n 21 =
21 = 22 4,177
21 = 23 )

measurements : the likelihood of snf admission after hospitalization was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 4 likelihood
2 : 8 after
3 the 4 likelihood
4 likelihood 5 of
5 of 7 admission
6 snf 7 admission
8 after 9 hospitalization
8 after 11 calculated
9 hospitalization 10 was
10 was 11 calculated

resident and nursing home factors associated with snf admission were identified using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 resident 2 and
2 and 4 home
2 and 5 factors
2 and 6 associated
2 and 10 were
3 nursing 4 home
5 factors 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 snf
7 with 9 admission
10 were 11 identified
11 identified 12 using
12 using 16 regression
13 hierarchical 16 regression
14 multivariable 16 regression
15 logistic 16 regression

results : sixty [-] one percent of residents with advanced dementia were admitted to a snf after their hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 6 percent
2 : 13 admitted
3 sixty 5 one
5 one 6 percent
6 percent 7 of
6 percent 9 with
6 percent 12 were
7 of 8 residents
9 with 11 dementia
10 advanced 11 dementia
12 were 13 admitted
13 admitted 14 to
13 admitted 17 after
14 to 16 snf
15 a 16 snf
17 after 19 hospitalization
18 their 19 hospitalization

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( peg ) tube placement during hospitalization was strongly associated with snf admission ( adjusted odds [ratio] ( aor ) = 2.31 , 95 % confidence [interval] ( ci ) = 1.85 - 2.88 ) , [as] was better functional status ( [aor] = 1.21 , 95 % ci = 1.05 - 1.38 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 placement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 ,
1 percutaneous 8 placement
2 endoscopic 7 tube
3 gastrostomy 5 peg
3 gastrostomy 6 )
3 gastrostomy 7 tube
4 ( 5 peg
5 peg 6 )
7 tube 8 placement
8 placement 9 during
8 placement 39 ,
9 during 10 hospitalization
11 was 13 associated
11 was 39 ,
12 strongly 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 snf
14 with 25 2.31
15 snf 16 admission
15 snf 24 =
16 admission 19 odds
16 admission 24 =
17 ( 19 odds
18 adjusted 19 odds
19 odds 22 aor
19 odds 23 )
21 ( 22 aor
22 aor 23 )
25 2.31 28 %
26 , 28 %
27 95 28 %
28 % 29 confidence
28 % 34 =
28 % 38 )
29 confidence 32 ci
29 confidence 34 =
31 ( 32 ci
32 ci 33 )
34 = 36 -
35 1.85 36 -
36 - 37 2.88
39 , 41 was
41 was 44 status
42 better 43 functional
43 functional 44 status
44 status 48 1.21
45 ( 48 1.21
47 = 48 1.21
48 1.21 52 ci
48 1.21 58 .
49 , 52 ci
50 95 52 ci
51 % 52 ci
52 ci 55 -
52 ci 57 )
53 = 54 1.05
54 1.05 55 -
55 - 56 1.38

the presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with lower likelihood of snf admission ( aor [=] 0.85 , 95 % ci = 0.73 - 0.99 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 6 was
3 of 5 mellitus
4 diabetes 5 mellitus
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 likelihood
9 lower 10 likelihood
10 likelihood 11 of
10 likelihood 15 aor
10 likelihood 21 ci
11 of 13 admission
12 snf 13 admission
14 ( 15 aor
15 aor 17 0.85
15 aor 18 ,
18 , 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 24 -
21 ci 26 )
22 = 23 0.73
23 0.73 24 -
24 - 25 0.99

conclusion : the majority of nursing home residents with advanced dementia are admitted to snfs after a qualifying hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 residents
2 : 13 admitted
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 8 residents
5 of 8 residents
6 nursing 8 residents
7 home 8 residents
8 residents 9 with
8 residents 12 are
9 with 11 dementia
10 advanced 11 dementia
12 are 13 admitted
13 admitted 14 to
13 admitted 16 after
14 to 15 snfs
16 after 19 hospitalization
17 a 19 hospitalization
18 qualifying 19 hospitalization

snf admission is strongly associated with peg tube insertion during hospitalization and with nursing home factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 admission
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 snf 2 admission
2 admission 3 is
3 is 5 associated
4 strongly 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 insertion
7 peg 9 insertion
8 tube 9 insertion
9 insertion 12 and
10 during 11 hospitalization
10 during 12 and
12 and 13 with
13 with 14 nursing
14 nursing 16 factors
15 home 16 factors

efforts to optimize appropriate use of snf services in individuals with advanced dementia should focus on these factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 efforts 2 to
1 efforts 3 optimize
1 efforts 14 should
2 to 3 optimize
3 optimize 5 use
3 optimize 9 in
3 optimize 11 with
4 appropriate 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 8 services
7 snf 8 services
9 in 10 individuals
11 with 13 dementia
12 advanced 13 dementia
14 should 15 focus
15 focus 16 on
16 on 18 factors
17 these 18 factors

chronic sulfur mustard skin lesions ( csmsls ) are the most common complications of sulfur mustard exposure ; however , its mechanism is not completely understood.according to clinical signs , there are similarities between csmsl and atopic dermatitis ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mustard
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 chronic 3 mustard
2 sulfur 3 mustard
3 mustard 4 skin
3 mustard 5 lesions
3 mustard 7 csmsls
3 mustard 9 are
4 skin 5 lesions
6 ( 7 csmsls
7 csmsls 8 )
9 are 13 complications
10 the 11 most
11 most 13 complications
12 common 13 complications
13 complications 14 of
14 of 17 exposure
15 sulfur 16 mustard
16 mustard 17 exposure
18 ; 22 mechanism
18 ; 23 is
18 ; 30 ,
19 however 20 ,
19 however 22 mechanism
21 its 22 mechanism
22 mechanism 23 is
23 is 24 not
23 is 26 understood.according
25 completely 26 understood.according
26 understood.according 27 to
27 to 29 signs
28 clinical 29 signs
30 , 31 there
30 , 32 are
31 there 32 are
32 are 36 and
33 similarities 34 between
33 similarities 36 and
34 between 35 csmsl
36 and 38 dermatitis
36 and 40 ad
37 atopic 38 dermatitis
39 ( 40 ad
40 ad 41 )

in this study , proteomic results of ad were reviewed and the ad - associated protein - protein interaction network ( pin ) was analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 results
2 this 3 study
5 proteomic 6 results
6 results 7 of
6 results 9 were
7 of 8 ad
9 were 10 reviewed
11 and 20 network
11 and 25 analyzed
12 the 20 network
13 ad 16 protein
13 ad 20 network
14 - 16 protein
15 associated 16 protein
16 protein 17 -
18 protein 20 network
19 interaction 20 network
20 network 22 pin
20 network 24 was
21 ( 22 pin
22 pin 23 )
24 was 25 analyzed

according to centrality measurements , 16 proteins were designated as pivotal elements in ad mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 designated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 measurements
2 to 5 ,
2 to 7 proteins
3 centrality 4 measurements
6 16 7 proteins
7 proteins 8 were
8 were 9 designated
9 designated 10 as
9 designated 13 in
10 as 12 elements
11 pivotal 12 elements
13 in 15 mechanisms
14 ad 15 mechanisms

interestingly , most of these proteins had been reported in some sulfur mustard - related studies in late and acute phases separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 6 proteins
3 most 4 of
3 most 6 proteins
4 of 6 proteins
5 these 6 proteins
6 proteins 7 had
7 had 8 been
8 been 9 reported
9 reported 10 in
10 in 13 mustard
11 some 13 mustard
12 sulfur 13 mustard
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 studies
15 related 17 in
15 related 22 separately
15 related 23 .
17 in 21 phases
18 late 19 and
19 and 20 acute
19 and 21 phases

based on the gene enrichment analysis , aging , cell response [to] stress , cancer , toll - and nod - like receptor [and] apoptosis signaling pathways have the greatest impact on the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 14 ,
1 based 19 and
2 on 6 analysis
3 the 6 analysis
4 gene 5 enrichment
5 enrichment 6 analysis
6 analysis 8 aging
6 analysis 13 stress
7 , 8 aging
8 aging 9 ,
9 , 13 stress
10 cell 13 stress
11 response 13 stress
13 stress 14 ,
15 cancer 16 ,
16 , 17 toll
16 , 19 and
18 - 19 and
19 and 20 nod
19 and 21 -
19 and 22 like
19 and 26 signaling
19 and 28 have
22 like 25 apoptosis
23 receptor 25 apoptosis
26 signaling 27 pathways
28 have 31 impact
28 have 32 on
29 the 30 greatest
29 the 31 impact
32 on 34 disease
33 the 34 disease

by the analysis of directed protein interaction networks , it is concluded that tnf , il - 6 , akt1 , nos3 and cdkn1a are the most important proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 by 3 analysis
1 by 23 and
2 the 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
4 of 8 networks
5 directed 6 protein
6 protein 8 networks
7 interaction 8 networks
8 networks 17 -
9 , 17 -
10 it 11 is
11 is 12 concluded
12 concluded 13 that
13 that 16 il
13 that 17 -
14 tnf 16 il
15 , 16 il
16 il 17 -
17 - 18 6
17 - 19 ,
20 akt1 21 ,
21 , 22 nos3
21 , 23 and
23 and 24 cdkn1a
23 and 25 are
25 are 29 proteins
26 the 27 most
27 most 29 proteins
28 important 29 proteins

it is possible that these proteins play [role] in the shared complications of ad and csmsl including xerosis and itching . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 possible
3 possible 4 that
4 that 6 proteins
4 that 7 play
5 these 6 proteins
6 proteins 7 play
7 play 9 in
9 in 12 complications
10 the 12 complications
11 shared 12 complications
12 complications 13 of
13 of 16 csmsl
14 ad 15 and
15 and 16 csmsl
16 csmsl 17 including
17 including 19 and
18 xerosis 19 and
19 and 20 itching

a decline in energy is common in aging , and the restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics may offer a common approach for the treatment of numerous age - associated diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 a 2 decline
2 decline 3 in
2 decline 5 is
3 in 4 energy
5 is 6 common
6 common 7 in
7 in 8 aging
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 restoration
10 and 17 offer
11 the 12 restoration
12 restoration 13 of
12 restoration 16 may
13 of 15 bioenergetics
14 mitochondrial 15 bioenergetics
16 may 17 offer
17 offer 20 approach
18 a 19 common
18 a 20 approach
19 common 20 approach
20 approach 21 for
21 for 23 treatment
22 the 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 of
24 of 26 age
25 numerous 26 age
26 age 29 diseases
27 - 29 diseases
28 associated 29 diseases
29 diseases 30 .

cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid that is exclusively expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane where it plays an important structural role in cristae formation and the organization of the respiratory complexes into supercomplexes for optimal oxidative phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cardiolipin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 cardiolipin 2 is
2 is 5 phospholipid
3 a 5 phospholipid
4 unique 5 phospholipid
5 phospholipid 6 that
5 phospholipid 7 is
6 that 7 is
7 is 9 expressed
8 exclusively 9 expressed
9 expressed 10 on
9 expressed 22 in
9 expressed 32 into
10 on 14 membrane
11 the 14 membrane
12 inner 14 membrane
13 mitochondrial 14 membrane
14 membrane 15 where
15 where 16 it
15 where 17 plays
16 it 17 plays
17 plays 21 role
18 an 19 important
18 an 21 role
19 important 21 role
20 structural 21 role
22 in 25 and
23 cristae 24 formation
24 formation 25 and
25 and 27 organization
25 and 28 of
26 the 27 organization
28 of 31 complexes
29 the 31 complexes
30 respiratory 31 complexes
32 into 33 supercomplexes
33 supercomplexes 34 for
34 for 37 phosphorylation
35 optimal 37 phosphorylation
36 oxidative 37 phosphorylation

the interaction between cardiolipin and cytochrome [c] determines whether cytochrome [c] acts as an electron carrier or peroxidase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 between
2 interaction 8 determines
3 between 5 and
4 cardiolipin 5 and
5 and 6 cytochrome
8 determines 9 whether
9 whether 10 cytochrome
9 whether 12 acts
10 cytochrome 12 acts
12 acts 13 as
13 as 17 or
14 an 16 carrier
15 electron 16 carrier
16 carrier 17 or
17 or 18 peroxidase

cardiolipin peroxidation and depletion have been reported in a variety of pathological conditions associated with energy deficiency , and cardiolipin has been identified as a target for drug development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 cardiolipin 2 peroxidation
2 peroxidation 3 and
3 and 4 depletion
3 and 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 reported
7 reported 8 in
7 reported 15 with
8 in 10 variety
9 a 10 variety
10 variety 11 of
11 of 13 conditions
12 pathological 13 conditions
13 conditions 14 associated
15 with 17 deficiency
16 energy 17 deficiency
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 cardiolipin
19 and 23 identified
20 cardiolipin 21 has
21 has 22 been
22 been 23 identified
23 identified 24 as
24 as 26 target
25 a 26 target
26 target 27 for
27 for 29 development
28 drug 29 development

this review focuses on the discovery and development of the first cardiolipin - protective compound as a therapeutic agent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
4 on 7 and
5 the 6 discovery
6 discovery 7 and
7 and 8 development
7 and 9 of
9 of 12 cardiolipin
10 the 11 first
10 the 12 cardiolipin
13 - 15 compound
14 protective 15 compound
15 compound 16 as
16 as 19 agent
17 a 18 therapeutic
17 a 19 agent
18 therapeutic 19 agent

ss - [31] is a member of the szeto - schiller ( ss ) peptides known to selectively target the inner mitochondrial membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 ss 2 -
1 ss 4 is
4 is 6 member
4 is 15 peptides
5 a 6 member
6 member 7 of
6 member 11 schiller
7 of 9 szeto
8 the 9 szeto
10 - 11 schiller
11 schiller 13 ss
11 schiller 14 )
12 ( 13 ss
13 ss 14 )
15 peptides 16 known
16 known 17 to
16 known 19 target
17 to 19 target
18 selectively 19 target
19 target 23 membrane
20 the 23 membrane
21 inner 23 membrane
22 mitochondrial 23 membrane

ss [-] 31 binds selectively to cardiolipin via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 binds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 ss 3 31
1 ss 4 binds
4 binds 5 selectively
4 binds 6 to
4 binds 8 via
6 to 7 cardiolipin
8 via 12 interactions
9 electrostatic 10 and
10 and 11 hydrophobic
10 and 12 interactions

by interacting with cardiolipin , ss [-] 31 prevents cardiolipin from converting cytochrome [c] into a peroxidase while protecting its electron carrying function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 prevents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 by 2 interacting
1 by 5 ,
1 by 6 ss
2 interacting 3 with
3 with 4 cardiolipin
6 ss 8 31
6 ss 9 prevents
9 prevents 10 cardiolipin
9 prevents 11 from
11 from 12 converting
12 converting 13 cytochrome
12 converting 15 into
12 converting 18 while
15 into 17 peroxidase
16 a 17 peroxidase
18 while 19 protecting
19 protecting 23 function
20 its 23 function
21 electron 23 function
22 carrying 23 function

as a result , ss - 31 protects the structure of mitochondrial cristae and promotes oxidative phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 31
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 7 31
2 a 3 result
3 result 5 ss
4 , 5 ss
5 ss 6 -
7 31 14 and
8 protects 10 structure
8 protects 14 and
9 the 10 structure
10 structure 11 of
11 of 13 cristae
12 mitochondrial 13 cristae
14 and 15 promotes
15 promotes 17 phosphorylation
16 oxidative 17 phosphorylation

ss - 31 represents a new class of compounds that can recharge the cellular powerhouse and restore bioenergetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 31
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 ss 2 -
1 ss 3 31
3 31 16 and
4 represents 7 class
4 represents 16 and
5 a 6 new
5 a 7 class
6 new 7 class
7 class 8 of
8 of 9 compounds
9 compounds 10 that
9 compounds 11 can
10 that 11 can
11 can 12 recharge
12 recharge 15 powerhouse
13 the 15 powerhouse
14 cellular 15 powerhouse
16 and 17 restore
17 restore 18 bioenergetics

extensive animal studies have shown that targeting such a fundamental mechanism can benefit highly complex diseases that share [a] common pathogenesis of bioenergetics failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 extensive 3 studies
2 animal 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 6 that
6 that 7 targeting
6 that 13 benefit
7 targeting 11 mechanism
7 targeting 12 can
8 such 9 a
9 a 10 fundamental
9 a 11 mechanism
10 fundamental 11 mechanism
12 can 13 benefit
13 benefit 16 diseases
14 highly 15 complex
15 complex 16 diseases
16 diseases 17 that
16 diseases 18 share
17 that 18 share
18 share 21 pathogenesis
20 common 21 pathogenesis
21 pathogenesis 22 of
22 of 24 failure
23 bioenergetics 24 failure

this review summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of [ss] - 31 and provides an update of its clinical development programme . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 15 and
3 summarizes 5 mechanisms
3 summarizes 15 and
4 the 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 of
5 mechanisms 11 of
6 of 8 and
7 action 8 and
8 and 10 potential
9 therapeutic 10 potential
11 of 14 31
13 - 14 31
15 and 16 provides
16 provides 18 update
17 an 18 update
18 update 19 of
19 of 23 programme
20 its 23 programme
21 clinical 22 development
22 development 23 programme

background : the population is aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 population
2 : 5 is
2 : 7 .
3 the 4 population
4 population 5 is
5 is 6 aging

we examined changes in the proportion of elderly ( ≥ 80 years ) intensive care [unit] ( icu ) [patients] during 2005 - 2011 and the association between age and mortality controlling for preexisting morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 25 and
2 examined 28 between
2 examined 33 for
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 25 and
4 in 6 proportion
5 the 6 proportion
6 proportion 7 of
6 proportion 21 during
7 of 15 care
8 elderly 12 years
8 elderly 13 )
8 elderly 15 care
9 ( 12 years
10 ≥ 12 years
11 80 12 years
12 years 13 )
14 intensive 15 care
15 care 18 icu
17 ( 18 icu
18 icu 19 )
21 during 23 -
22 2005 23 -
23 - 24 2011
25 and 27 association
26 the 27 association
28 between 30 and
29 age 30 and
30 and 32 controlling
31 mortality 32 controlling
33 for 34 preexisting
34 preexisting 35 morbidity

methods : through the danish national patient registry , we identified a cohort of 49,938 icu admissions ( 47,596 patients ) in northern denmark from 2005 to 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 through
3 through 8 registry
4 the 8 registry
5 danish 8 registry
6 national 7 patient
7 patient 8 registry
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 identified
10 we 11 identified
11 identified 13 cohort
11 identified 22 in
12 a 13 cohort
13 cohort 14 of
14 of 17 admissions
15 49,938 17 admissions
16 icu 17 admissions
17 admissions 20 patients
18 ( 20 patients
19 47,596 20 patients
20 patients 21 )
22 in 24 denmark
23 northern 24 denmark
24 denmark 27 to
25 from 27 to
26 2005 27 to
27 to 28 2011

patients [were] subdivided in age groups ( 15 - 49 , 50 - 64 , 65 - 79 and ≥ 80 years ) and calendar [year] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 patients 3 subdivided
1 patients 19 and
3 subdivided 4 in
3 subdivided 9 -
3 subdivided 13 -
3 subdivided 17 -
4 in 6 groups
5 age 6 groups
7 ( 9 -
8 15 9 -
9 - 10 49
9 - 11 ,
11 , 13 -
12 50 13 -
13 - 14 64
13 - 15 ,
16 65 17 -
17 - 18 79
19 and 22 years
19 and 23 )
19 and 24 and
20 ≥ 22 years
21 80 22 years
24 and 25 calendar

we estimated 30 - day and 31 - 365 - day mortality and mortality rate ratios ( mrrs ) , stratified by admission [type] ( medical and elective/acute surgical patients ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 estimated
2 estimated 3 30
4 - 5 day
4 - 6 and
6 and 7 31
6 and 8 -
7 31 8 -
8 - 9 365
9 365 10 -
10 - 13 and
11 day 12 mortality
12 mortality 13 and
13 and 16 ratios
13 and 18 mrrs
13 and 21 stratified
14 mortality 16 ratios
15 rate 16 ratios
17 ( 18 mrrs
18 mrrs 19 )
20 , 21 stratified
21 stratified 22 by
21 stratified 31 )
22 by 23 admission
23 admission 30 patients
25 ( 30 patients
26 medical 27 and
27 and 28 elective/acute
27 and 30 patients
29 surgical 30 patients
30 patients 31 )

mortality was compared between age groups adjusting for sex and preexisting morbidity using 50 - 64 [-] year - olds as reference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 mortality 2 was
2 was 3 compared
3 compared 4 between
3 compared 21 as
4 between 6 groups
5 age 6 groups
6 groups 7 adjusting
6 groups 8 for
8 for 20 olds
9 sex 10 and
10 and 12 morbidity
10 and 13 using
10 and 18 year
10 and 20 olds
11 preexisting 12 morbidity
13 using 14 50
15 - 18 year
16 64 18 year
18 year 19 -
21 as 22 reference

results : the proportion of elderly patients increased from 11.7 % of all icu patients in 2005 to 13.8 % in 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 proportion
3 the 4 proportion
4 proportion 5 of
4 proportion 8 increased
5 of 7 patients
6 elderly 7 patients
8 increased 9 from
8 increased 16 in
9 from 11 %
10 11.7 11 %
11 % 12 of
12 of 15 patients
13 all 15 patients
14 icu 15 patients
16 in 18 to
17 2005 18 to
18 to 19 13.8
19 13.8 21 in
20 % 21 in
21 in 22 2011

among the elderly , the 30 - day mortality was 43.7 % in medical , 39.6 % in [acute] surgical , and 11.6 % in elective surgical icu patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 among 8 day
1 among 9 mortality
2 the 8 day
3 elderly 6 30
3 elderly 8 day
4 , 6 30
5 the 6 30
6 30 7 -
9 mortality 10 was
10 was 12 %
11 43.7 12 %
12 % 13 in
13 in 29 patients
14 medical 15 ,
14 medical 29 patients
16 39.6 18 in
17 % 18 in
18 in 29 patients
20 surgical 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 28 icu
22 and 29 patients
23 11.6 25 in
24 % 25 in
25 in 28 icu
26 elective 28 icu
27 surgical 28 icu

the 31 - 365 [-] day mortality among elderly patients was 25.4 % in medical , 26.9 % in acute , and 11.9 % in elective surgical icu patients , corresponding to adjusted mrrs of 2.5 ( 95 % ci 2.1 - 2.9 ) , 2.2 ( 95 % ci 1.9 - 2.5 ) , [and] 1.9 ( 95 % ci 1.6 - 2.3 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 68 .
1 the 7 mortality
2 31 3 -
3 - 4 365
3 - 6 day
6 day 7 mortality
7 mortality 8 among
7 mortality 11 was
8 among 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients
11 was 13 %
11 was 14 in
11 was 67 respectively
12 25.4 13 %
14 in 29 patients
15 medical 16 ,
15 medical 29 patients
17 26.9 19 in
18 % 19 in
19 in 29 patients
20 acute 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 28 icu
22 and 29 patients
23 11.9 25 in
24 % 25 in
25 in 28 icu
26 elective 28 icu
27 surgical 28 icu
29 patients 31 corresponding
30 , 31 corresponding
31 corresponding 32 to
31 corresponding 66 ,
32 to 34 mrrs
33 adjusted 34 mrrs
34 mrrs 35 of
34 mrrs 46 2.2
35 of 36 2.5
36 2.5 40 ci
37 ( 40 ci
38 95 40 ci
39 % 40 ci
40 ci 42 -
40 ci 44 )
41 2.1 42 -
42 - 43 2.9
45 , 46 2.2
46 2.2 50 ci
46 2.2 66 ,
47 ( 50 ci
48 95 50 ci
49 % 50 ci
50 ci 51 1.9
50 ci 53 2.5
50 ci 57 1.9
50 ci 64 2.3
50 ci 65 )
52 - 53 2.5
53 2.5 54 )
55 , 57 1.9
57 1.9 61 ci
57 1.9 63 -
58 ( 61 ci
59 95 61 ci
60 % 61 ci
61 ci 62 1.6
61 ci 63 -
63 - 64 2.3
64 2.3 65 )

conclusions : during 2005 - 2011 , there was an 18 % increase in the proportion of elderly icu patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 5 -
4 2005 5 -
5 - 6 2011
7 , 8 there
7 , 9 was
8 there 9 was
9 was 13 increase
10 an 13 increase
11 18 12 %
12 % 13 increase
13 increase 14 in
14 in 16 proportion
15 the 16 proportion
16 proportion 17 of
17 of 20 patients
18 elderly 20 patients
19 icu 20 patients

advancing age is associated with increased mortality even after controlling for preexisting morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advancing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 advancing 2 age
1 advancing 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 mortality
6 increased 7 mortality
7 mortality 8 even
8 even 9 after
9 after 10 controlling
10 controlling 11 for
11 for 12 preexisting
12 preexisting 13 morbidity

the purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of lifetime intimate partner violence ( ipv ) in older women and to analyze its effect on women 's health and healthcare services utilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 22 and
7 to 22 and
8 estimate 10 prevalence
8 estimate 22 and
9 the 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 of
10 prevalence 19 in
11 of 15 violence
12 lifetime 13 intimate
13 intimate 14 partner
14 partner 15 violence
15 violence 17 ipv
16 ( 17 ipv
17 ipv 18 )
19 in 21 women
20 older 21 women
22 and 23 to
22 and 24 analyze
23 to 24 analyze
24 analyze 26 effect
24 analyze 27 on
25 its 26 effect
27 on 31 and
28 women 29 's
29 's 30 health
30 health 31 and
31 and 34 utilization
32 healthcare 33 services
33 services 34 utilization

women aged 55 years [and] over [(] 1,676 ) randomly sampled from primary healthcare services around spain were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 women 2 aged
1 women 12 from
1 women 18 were
2 aged 6 over
2 aged 9 )
2 aged 11 sampled
3 55 4 years
4 years 6 over
6 over 8 1,676
10 randomly 11 sampled
12 from 15 services
13 primary 14 healthcare
14 healthcare 15 services
15 services 16 around
16 around 17 spain
18 were 19 included

lifetime ipv prevalence , types , and duration were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 lifetime 2 ipv
2 ipv 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 ,
4 , 5 types
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 duration
7 and 9 were
9 were 10 calculated

descriptive and multivariate procedures using logistic and multiple lineal regression models were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 descriptive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 and 4 procedures
2 and 12 were
3 multivariate 4 procedures
4 procedures 5 using
4 procedures 12 were
5 using 11 models
6 logistic 7 and
7 and 8 multiple
7 and 10 regression
9 lineal 10 regression
10 regression 11 models
12 were 13 used

of the women studied , 29.4 % experienced ipv with an average duration of 21 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 experienced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 of 3 women
1 of 5 ,
1 of 7 %
2 the 3 women
3 women 4 studied
6 29.4 7 %
7 % 8 experienced
8 experienced 9 ipv
8 experienced 10 with
10 with 13 duration
11 an 12 average
11 an 13 duration
12 average 13 duration
13 duration 14 of
14 of 16 years
15 21 16 years

regardless of the type of ipv experienced , abused women showed significantly poorer health and higher healthcare services utilization compared to women who had never been abused . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 regardless 2 of
2 of 6 ipv
2 of 10 women
3 the 4 type
4 type 5 of
4 type 6 ipv
5 of 6 ipv
6 ipv 7 experienced
7 experienced 8 ,
7 experienced 9 abused
10 women 11 showed
11 showed 18 services
11 showed 19 utilization
11 showed 21 to
12 significantly 13 poorer
13 poorer 14 health
14 health 15 and
15 and 16 higher
15 and 18 services
17 healthcare 18 services
19 utilization 20 compared
21 to 22 women
22 women 23 who
22 women 24 had
23 who 24 had
24 had 26 been
25 never 26 been
26 been 27 abused

the high prevalence detected long standing duration , negative health impact , and high healthcare services utilization , calling attention to a need for increased efforts aimed at addressing ipv in older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 detected
1 the 3 prevalence
2 high 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 detected
4 detected 13 and
4 detected 19 calling
5 long 6 standing
6 standing 7 duration
7 duration 8 ,
8 , 11 impact
8 , 13 and
9 negative 10 health
10 health 11 impact
12 , 13 and
13 and 17 utilization
14 high 17 utilization
15 healthcare 16 services
16 services 17 utilization
18 , 19 calling
19 calling 20 attention
19 calling 21 to
19 calling 34 .
21 to 23 need
22 a 23 need
23 need 24 for
23 need 28 at
24 for 26 efforts
25 increased 26 efforts
26 efforts 27 aimed
28 at 29 addressing
29 addressing 30 ipv
30 ipv 31 in
31 in 33 women
32 older 33 women

the perspectives of formerly homeless , older women are absent in the academic literature on aging and homelessness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 perspectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 perspectives
2 perspectives 3 of
2 perspectives 9 are
3 of 8 women
4 formerly 5 homeless
5 homeless 6 ,
5 homeless 8 women
7 older 8 women
9 are 17 and
10 absent 11 in
10 absent 15 on
10 absent 17 and
11 in 14 literature
12 the 14 literature
13 academic 14 literature
15 on 16 aging
17 and 18 homelessness

in this study , a group of formerly homeless women [,] aged 45 years and older were surveyed ( n = 15 ) and interviewed ( n = 11 ) about their experiences with health , housing , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 group
2 this 3 study
5 a 6 group
6 group 7 of
6 group 12 aged
6 group 24 and
7 of 10 women
8 formerly 9 homeless
9 homeless 10 women
12 aged 15 and
13 45 14 years
14 years 15 and
15 and 16 older
17 were 18 surveyed
17 were 24 and
18 surveyed 21 =
19 ( 21 =
20 n 21 =
21 = 22 15
21 = 23 )
24 and 25 interviewed
25 interviewed 28 =
25 interviewed 31 about
26 ( 28 =
27 n 28 =
28 = 29 11
28 = 30 )
31 about 33 experiences
32 their 33 experiences
33 experiences 34 with
34 with 39 and
35 health 36 ,
36 , 37 housing
36 , 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 aging

the qualitative themes to be explored include the women 's perceptions of their current health , coping with low incomes , dealing with addictions to alcohol and drugs , and the importance of supportive housing and other community services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 themes
2 qualitative 3 themes
3 themes 4 to
3 themes 5 be
3 themes 6 explored
3 themes 7 include
4 to 5 be
7 include 11 perceptions
7 include 25 to
8 the 9 women
9 women 10 's
10 's 11 perceptions
11 perceptions 12 of
11 perceptions 22 dealing
11 perceptions 23 with
12 of 15 health
13 their 15 health
14 current 15 health
15 health 17 coping
16 , 17 coping
17 coping 18 with
17 coping 21 ,
18 with 20 incomes
19 low 20 incomes
23 with 24 addictions
25 to 30 and
26 alcohol 27 and
27 and 28 drugs
27 and 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 importance
30 and 33 of
31 the 32 importance
33 of 36 and
34 supportive 35 housing
35 housing 36 and
36 and 39 services
37 other 39 services
38 community 39 services

the female participants ' views on adapting to home , planning for their elderly years , and views on growing older are also explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 participants
2 female 3 participants
3 participants 4 '
4 ' 5 views
5 views 6 on
5 views 17 and
6 on 7 adapting
7 adapting 8 to
8 to 9 home
9 home 11 planning
10 , 11 planning
11 planning 12 for
11 planning 16 ,
12 for 15 years
13 their 15 years
14 elderly 15 years
17 and 18 views
17 and 19 on
17 and 22 are
19 on 20 growing
20 growing 21 older
22 are 24 explored
23 also 24 explored

this research contributes knowledge regarding the options of early , normal , or delayed receipt of social security retirement benefits and research - based findings regarding women 's expected and actual timing of election of social security retirement benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 this 2 research
2 research 3 contributes
3 contributes 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 5 regarding
4 knowledge 8 of
4 knowledge 16 of
5 regarding 7 options
6 the 7 options
8 of 13 or
9 early 10 ,
10 , 11 normal
10 , 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 15 receipt
14 delayed 15 receipt
16 of 18 security
17 social 18 security
18 security 21 and
18 security 24 based
19 retirement 20 benefits
20 benefits 21 and
21 and 22 research
21 and 23 -
21 and 24 based
24 based 39 benefits
25 findings 26 regarding
25 findings 29 expected
25 findings 30 and
26 regarding 28 's
27 women 28 's
30 and 32 timing
30 and 33 of
30 and 35 of
30 and 38 retirement
31 actual 32 timing
33 of 34 election
35 of 37 security
36 social 37 security
38 retirement 39 benefits

first , descriptive analyses of alternative retirement options , based on social security retirement benefit rules , are provided . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 4 analyses
3 descriptive 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 of
4 analyses 18 are
5 of 8 options
6 alternative 7 retirement
7 retirement 8 options
8 options 10 based
9 , 10 based
10 based 11 on
10 based 17 ,
11 on 16 rules
12 social 13 security
13 security 16 rules
14 retirement 16 rules
15 benefit 16 rules
18 are 19 provided

second [,] the 2000 , 2002 , 2004 , and 2006 waves of health and retirement study ( hrs ) data are used to analyze women 's anticipated and actual election of social security retirement benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 second
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 second 4 2000
3 the 4 2000
4 2000 6 2002
5 , 6 2002
6 2002 8 2004
6 2002 9 ,
7 , 8 2004
8 2004 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 35 retirement
10 and 36 benefits
11 2006 12 waves
12 waves 13 of
12 waves 15 and
13 of 14 health
15 and 16 retirement
15 and 29 and
16 retirement 28 anticipated
17 study 19 hrs
18 ( 19 hrs
19 hrs 20 )
19 hrs 21 data
21 data 22 are
22 are 23 used
23 used 24 to
23 used 25 analyze
24 to 25 analyze
25 analyze 27 's
25 analyze 28 anticipated
26 women 27 's
27 's 28 anticipated
29 and 31 election
29 and 32 of
29 and 35 retirement
30 actual 31 election
32 of 33 social
34 security 35 retirement
35 retirement 36 benefits

third , based on these considerations , recommendations are made regarding social security retirement benefit receipt alternatives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recommendations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 third 8 recommendations
2 , 3 based
3 based 4 on
3 based 7 ,
3 based 8 recommendations
4 on 6 considerations
5 these 6 considerations
8 recommendations 9 are
9 are 10 made
10 made 17 alternatives
11 regarding 17 alternatives
12 social 13 security
13 security 17 alternatives
14 retirement 17 alternatives
15 benefit 17 alternatives
16 receipt 17 alternatives

this article analyzes the evolution of alexithymia , anxiety , and depression associated with fibromyalgia ( fm ) in three age groups in comparison to [how] they evolve in the same age groups in healthy women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 analyzes
3 analyzes 5 evolution
4 the 5 evolution
5 evolution 6 of
5 evolution 9 anxiety
6 of 7 alexithymia
8 , 9 anxiety
9 anxiety 10 ,
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 depression
11 and 33 groups
12 depression 13 associated
12 depression 19 in
12 depression 27 they
12 depression 28 evolve
12 depression 33 groups
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 fibromyalgia
15 fibromyalgia 17 fm
16 ( 17 fm
17 fm 18 )
19 in 20 three
20 three 21 age
20 three 25 to
21 age 22 groups
22 groups 23 in
22 groups 25 to
23 in 24 comparison
27 they 28 evolve
28 evolve 29 in
29 in 32 age
30 the 31 same
30 the 32 age
33 groups 34 in
34 in 36 women
35 healthy 36 women

a total of 240 women participated in the study ( 120 diagnosed with fibromyalgia and 120 healthy women ) , divided into three age groups ( ≤35 years,>35 and < 65 years , and ≥65 years old ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participated
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 participated
3 of 5 women
4 240 5 women
6 participated 7 in
6 participated 21 divided
7 in 9 study
8 the 9 study
9 study 11 120
10 ( 11 120
11 120 12 diagnosed
11 120 13 with
11 120 19 )
13 with 15 and
14 fibromyalgia 15 and
15 and 18 women
16 120 18 women
17 healthy 18 women
20 , 21 divided
21 divided 22 into
21 divided 39 .
22 into 25 groups
23 three 25 groups
24 age 25 groups
25 groups 34 and
26 ( 34 and
27 ≤35 28 years,>35
28 years,>35 29 and
29 and 32 years
29 and 34 and
30 < 31 65
31 65 32 years
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 ≥65
34 and 37 old
34 and 38 )
36 years 37 old

our analysis revealed that alexithymia , anxiety , and depression in fm patients showed increased levels compared to healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 9 and
4 that 14 showed
5 alexithymia 6 ,
6 , 7 anxiety
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 depression
9 and 11 in
9 and 14 showed
11 in 13 patients
12 fm 13 patients
14 showed 16 levels
14 showed 18 to
15 increased 16 levels
16 levels 17 compared
18 to 20 controls
19 healthy 20 controls

also , young women with fm ( under 35 ) show lower alexithymia , anxiety , and depression levels in comparison to older patients ( ≥65 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 4 women
3 young 4 women
4 women 5 with
4 women 8 under
4 women 11 show
5 with 6 fm
7 ( 8 under
8 under 9 35
8 under 10 )
11 show 13 alexithymia
11 show 17 and
11 show 22 to
12 lower 13 alexithymia
13 alexithymia 15 anxiety
14 , 15 anxiety
15 anxiety 16 ,
17 and 18 depression
17 and 19 levels
19 levels 20 in
20 in 21 comparison
22 to 24 patients
23 older 24 patients
24 patients 26 ≥65
25 ( 26 ≥65
26 ≥65 27 )

alexithymia in fm patients follows a similar pattern as in healthy women ( [although] with significantly higher scores ) , increasing with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alexithymia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 follows
1 alexithymia 2 in
1 alexithymia 5 follows
2 in 4 patients
3 fm 4 patients
5 follows 8 pattern
5 follows 9 as
6 a 7 similar
6 a 8 pattern
7 similar 8 pattern
9 as 10 in
10 in 12 women
11 healthy 12 women
12 women 15 with
12 women 21 increasing
13 ( 15 with
15 with 18 scores
15 with 19 )
16 significantly 17 higher
17 higher 18 scores
20 , 21 increasing
21 increasing 22 with
21 increasing 24 .
22 with 23 age

our results show that depression , anxiety , and alexithymia develop over age in a different way in fm patients than in healthy individuals , increasing over age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 9 and
4 that 11 develop
5 depression 6 ,
6 , 7 anxiety
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 alexithymia
9 and 11 develop
11 develop 12 over
11 develop 14 in
11 develop 21 than
12 over 13 age
14 in 17 way
15 a 17 way
16 different 17 way
17 way 18 in
18 in 20 patients
19 fm 20 patients
21 than 22 in
22 in 24 individuals
23 healthy 24 individuals
24 individuals 26 increasing
25 , 26 increasing
26 increasing 27 over
26 increasing 29 .
27 over 28 age

this study characterizes the profile of women ( n = 1,789 ) ages 50 and [over] who report body size satisfaction on a figure rating scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 characterizes
3 characterizes 5 profile
4 the 5 profile
5 profile 6 of
5 profile 13 ages
6 of 7 women
7 women 10 =
8 ( 10 =
9 n 10 =
10 = 11 1,789
10 = 12 )
13 ages 14 50
15 and 17 who
15 and 18 report
17 who 18 report
18 report 21 satisfaction
18 report 22 on
19 body 21 satisfaction
20 size 21 satisfaction
22 on 26 scale
23 a 26 scale
24 figure 26 scale
25 rating 26 scale

satisfied women ( 12.2 % ) had a lower body mass index and reported fewer eating disorder symptoms , dieting behaviors , and weight and appearance dissatisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 satisfied 2 women
2 women 5 %
2 women 13 and
3 ( 5 %
4 12.2 5 %
5 % 6 )
7 had 12 index
7 had 13 and
8 a 12 index
9 lower 12 index
10 body 11 mass
11 mass 12 index
13 and 14 reported
14 reported 18 symptoms
15 fewer 18 symptoms
16 eating 17 disorder
17 disorder 18 symptoms
19 , 25 and
20 dieting 21 behaviors
21 behaviors 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 weight
23 and 25 and
25 and 27 dissatisfaction
26 appearance 27 dissatisfaction

interestingly , satisfied women exercised more than dissatisfied women , and weight and shape still played a primary role in their self - evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 played
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 13 and
3 satisfied 4 women
4 women 5 exercised
4 women 11 and
5 exercised 6 more
5 exercised 7 than
7 than 9 women
8 dissatisfied 9 women
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 weight
11 and 13 and
13 and 14 shape
13 and 16 played
15 still 16 played
16 played 19 role
16 played 20 in
17 a 18 primary
17 a 19 role
18 primary 19 role
20 in 22 self
21 their 22 self
23 - 24 evaluation
23 - 25 .

weight monitoring and appearance - altering behaviors did not differ between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 weight 2 monitoring
2 monitoring 3 and
3 and 4 appearance
5 - 6 altering
5 - 10 differ
5 - 13 .
6 altering 7 behaviors
6 altering 8 did
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 differ
10 differ 11 between
11 between 12 groups

body satisfaction was associated with better overall functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 satisfaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 body 2 satisfaction
2 satisfaction 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 functioning
6 better 8 functioning
7 overall 8 functioning

this end point appears to represent effortful body satisfaction rather than passive contentment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 3 point
2 end 3 point
3 point 4 appears
4 appears 5 to
4 appears 6 represent
5 to 6 represent
6 represent 9 satisfaction
6 represent 11 than
7 effortful 9 satisfaction
8 body 9 satisfaction
10 rather 11 than
11 than 13 contentment
12 passive 13 contentment

none the purpose of this qualitative study was to provide in [-] depth descriptions of preferences for receipt [of] long - term care among a small sample of information - rich cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 receipt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 none 3 purpose
1 none 17 for
1 none 18 receipt
2 the 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 of
3 purpose 8 was
4 of 7 study
5 this 7 study
6 qualitative 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 provide
9 to 10 provide
10 provide 11 in
10 provide 14 descriptions
10 provide 17 for
11 in 13 depth
14 descriptions 15 of
15 of 16 preferences
18 receipt 32 cases
20 long 23 care
20 long 32 cases
21 - 23 care
22 term 23 care
23 care 24 among
23 care 30 -
24 among 27 sample
25 a 26 small
25 a 27 sample
26 small 27 sample
27 sample 28 of
28 of 29 information
31 rich 32 cases

the participants in this study , women in late midlife caring for a parent or parent - in [-] law , expressed where they would prefer to receive care , who they would want to provide care , and personal traits that would be important in a caregiver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 participants
2 participants 3 in
2 participants 6 ,
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 , 7 women
6 , 15 or
7 women 8 in
7 women 11 caring
7 women 12 for
8 in 10 midlife
9 late 10 midlife
12 for 14 parent
13 a 14 parent
15 or 16 parent
15 or 18 in
15 or 22 expressed
15 or 39 and
17 - 18 in
18 in 20 law
18 in 21 ,
21 , 22 expressed
22 expressed 23 where
22 expressed 38 ,
23 where 24 they
23 where 26 prefer
24 they 25 would
25 would 26 prefer
26 prefer 27 to
26 prefer 28 receive
27 to 28 receive
28 receive 29 care
29 care 31 who
30 , 31 who
31 who 32 they
31 who 36 provide
31 who 38 ,
32 they 33 would
33 would 34 want
34 want 35 to
35 to 36 provide
36 provide 37 care
39 and 41 traits
39 and 42 that
39 and 43 would
40 personal 41 traits
42 that 43 would
43 would 44 be
44 be 45 important
45 important 46 in
46 in 48 caregiver
47 a 48 caregiver

a major theme centered personal characteristics these women would want in a caregiver , traits such as empathy , sensitivity , and knowledgeable about elder care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 theme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 centered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 major
1 a 3 theme
2 major 3 theme
3 theme 4 centered
4 centered 6 characteristics
4 centered 11 in
4 centered 24 about
5 personal 6 characteristics
6 characteristics 8 women
6 characteristics 10 want
7 these 8 women
8 women 9 would
9 would 10 want
11 in 22 and
12 a 13 caregiver
12 a 20 sensitivity
13 caregiver 15 traits
13 caregiver 20 sensitivity
14 , 15 traits
15 traits 17 as
15 traits 19 ,
16 such 17 as
17 as 18 empathy
20 sensitivity 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 knowledgeable
24 about 26 care
25 elder 26 care

implications for social work practice are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 6 are
2 for 5 practice
3 social 4 work
4 work 5 practice
6 are 7 discussed

previous research indicates that perception of audio [-] visual ( av ) synchrony changes in adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 previous 2 research
2 research 3 indicates
3 indicates 5 perception
3 indicates 15 in
4 that 5 perception
5 perception 6 of
6 of 14 changes
7 audio 14 changes
9 visual 11 av
9 visual 13 synchrony
10 ( 11 av
11 av 12 )
13 synchrony 14 changes
15 in 16 adulthood

possible explanations for these age differences include a decline in hearing acuity , a decline in cognitive processing speed , and increased experience with av binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explanations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 possible 2 explanations
2 explanations 3 for
2 explanations 21 and
3 for 6 differences
4 these 6 differences
5 age 6 differences
7 include 9 decline
7 include 10 in
7 include 21 and
8 a 9 decline
10 in 12 acuity
11 hearing 12 acuity
12 acuity 15 decline
13 , 15 decline
14 a 15 decline
15 decline 16 in
15 decline 20 ,
16 in 19 speed
17 cognitive 19 speed
18 processing 19 speed
21 and 22 increased
21 and 23 experience
23 experience 24 with
23 experience 26 binding
24 with 25 av

the current study aims to isolate the effect of av experience by comparing synchrony judgments from 20 young adults ( 20 to 30 yrs ) and 20 normal - hearing middle - aged adults ( 50 to 60 yrs ) , an age range for which a decline of cognitive processing speed is expected to be minimal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aims
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 aims
4 aims 5 to
4 aims 6 isolate
5 to 6 isolate
6 isolate 26 and
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
8 effect 26 and
9 of 11 experience
10 av 11 experience
11 experience 12 by
12 by 15 judgments
13 comparing 14 synchrony
14 synchrony 15 judgments
15 judgments 16 from
15 judgments 24 yrs
16 from 19 adults
17 20 19 adults
18 young 19 adults
20 ( 24 yrs
21 20 22 to
22 to 23 30
22 to 24 yrs
24 yrs 25 )
26 and 31 middle
26 and 34 adults
27 20 31 middle
28 normal 29 -
28 normal 30 hearing
30 hearing 31 middle
32 - 34 adults
33 aged 34 adults
34 adults 39 yrs
34 adults 44 range
34 adults 58 .
35 ( 39 yrs
36 50 37 to
37 to 38 60
37 to 39 yrs
39 yrs 40 )
41 , 44 range
42 an 43 age
42 an 44 range
43 age 44 range
44 range 45 for
44 range 54 expected
44 range 58 .
45 for 46 which
46 which 48 decline
46 which 54 expected
47 a 48 decline
48 decline 49 of
48 decline 52 speed
48 decline 53 is
48 decline 54 expected
49 of 51 processing
50 cognitive 51 processing
52 speed 53 is
54 expected 55 to
54 expected 56 be
55 to 56 be
56 be 57 minimal

when presented with av stop consonant syllables with asynchronies ranging from 440 m [s] [audio] [-] lead to 440 m [s] visual - lead , middle - aged adults showed significantly less tolerance for audio [-] lead than young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 when 2 presented
1 when 23 -
1 when 24 lead
2 presented 3 with
2 presented 8 with
3 with 7 syllables
4 av 5 stop
5 stop 7 syllables
6 consonant 7 syllables
8 with 9 asynchronies
8 with 22 visual
9 asynchronies 10 ranging
9 asynchronies 11 from
11 from 20 m
12 440 13 m
12 440 18 to
13 m 17 lead
18 to 19 440
18 to 20 m
25 , 26 middle
25 , 27 -
27 - 29 adults
27 - 30 showed
28 aged 29 adults
29 adults 30 showed
30 showed 33 tolerance
31 significantly 32 less
32 less 33 tolerance
33 tolerance 34 for
34 for 40 adults
35 audio 40 adults
37 lead 40 adults
38 than 39 young
39 young 40 adults

middle - aged adults also showed a greater shift in their point of subjective simultaneity than young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 middle 2 -
1 middle 4 adults
3 aged 4 adults
4 adults 6 showed
5 also 6 showed
6 showed 9 shift
6 showed 10 in
6 showed 16 than
7 a 9 shift
8 greater 9 shift
10 in 12 point
11 their 12 point
12 point 13 of
13 of 15 simultaneity
14 subjective 15 simultaneity
16 than 18 adults
17 young 18 adults

natural audio - lead asynchronies are arguably more predictable than natural visual - lead asynchronies , and this predictability may render audio - lead thresholds more prone to experience - related fine - tuning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 audio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 natural 2 audio
3 - 5 asynchronies
3 - 6 are
3 - 23 -
3 - 30 -
4 lead 5 asynchronies
5 asynchronies 6 are
6 are 7 arguably
6 are 8 more
6 are 9 predictable
9 predictable 10 than
10 than 22 audio
11 natural 14 lead
12 visual 13 -
12 visual 14 lead
14 lead 22 audio
15 asynchronies 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 this
17 and 19 predictability
17 and 21 render
17 and 22 audio
19 predictability 20 may
20 may 21 render
23 - 25 thresholds
24 lead 25 thresholds
25 thresholds 27 prone
26 more 27 prone
27 prone 28 to
27 prone 29 experience
28 to 29 experience
30 - 34 tuning
31 related 34 tuning
32 fine 33 -
32 fine 34 tuning

in the presented model , electrical , acoustical , and mechanical elements of the cochlea are explicitly integrated into a signal transmission line where these elements convey physiological interpretations of the human cochlear structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 elements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 integrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 4 model
1 in 5 ,
1 in 12 elements
2 the 4 model
3 presented 4 model
6 electrical 7 ,
7 , 8 acoustical
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 mechanical
10 and 12 elements
12 elements 13 of
12 elements 16 are
13 of 15 cochlea
14 the 15 cochlea
16 are 18 integrated
17 explicitly 18 integrated
18 integrated 19 into
18 integrated 24 where
19 into 23 line
20 a 23 line
21 signal 22 transmission
22 transmission 23 line
24 where 26 elements
24 where 27 convey
25 these 26 elements
26 elements 27 convey
27 convey 29 interpretations
28 physiological 29 interpretations
29 interpretations 30 of
30 of 34 structures
31 the 34 structures
32 human 34 structures
33 cochlear 34 structures

as a result , this physiologically [-] motivated model enables simulation of specific cochlear lesions such as presbyacusis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 enables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 9 model
2 a 3 result
5 this 9 model
6 physiologically 8 motivated
8 motivated 9 model
9 model 10 enables
10 enables 11 simulation
11 simulation 12 of
12 of 15 lesions
13 specific 15 lesions
14 cochlear 15 lesions
15 lesions 17 as
16 such 17 as
17 as 18 presbyacusis

the hypothesis is that high - frequency hearing loss in older adults may be due to metabolic presbyacusis whereby age [-] related cellular/chemical degenerations in the lateral wall of the cochlea cause a reduction in the endocochlear potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 hypothesis
2 hypothesis 3 is
3 is 7 frequency
4 that 5 high
5 high 6 -
5 high 7 frequency
7 frequency 8 hearing
7 frequency 14 be
8 hearing 9 loss
8 hearing 10 in
8 hearing 13 may
10 in 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 may 14 be
14 be 16 to
14 be 19 whereby
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 presbyacusis
17 metabolic 18 presbyacusis
19 whereby 24 degenerations
19 whereby 32 cause
20 age 22 related
22 related 24 degenerations
23 cellular/chemical 24 degenerations
24 degenerations 25 in
24 degenerations 32 cause
25 in 28 wall
26 the 28 wall
27 lateral 28 wall
28 wall 29 of
29 of 31 cochlea
30 the 31 cochlea
32 cause 34 reduction
32 cause 35 in
33 a 34 reduction
35 in 38 potential
36 the 38 potential
37 endocochlear 38 potential

the simulations quantitatively confirm this hypothesis and emphasize that even if the outer and inner hair cells are totally active and intact , metabolic presbyacusis alone can significantly deteriorate the cochlear functionality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 simulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 simulations
2 simulations 7 and
3 quantitatively 4 confirm
4 confirm 6 hypothesis
4 confirm 7 and
5 this 6 hypothesis
7 and 8 emphasize
7 and 32 functionality
8 emphasize 9 that
9 that 10 even
9 that 25 presbyacusis
9 that 29 deteriorate
11 if 17 cells
11 if 18 are
11 if 23 ,
11 if 25 presbyacusis
12 the 17 cells
13 outer 14 and
14 and 15 inner
14 and 17 cells
16 hair 17 cells
17 cells 18 are
18 are 19 totally
18 are 21 and
20 active 21 and
21 and 22 intact
24 metabolic 25 presbyacusis
25 presbyacusis 27 can
26 alone 27 can
27 can 29 deteriorate
28 significantly 29 deteriorate
30 the 32 functionality
31 cochlear 32 functionality

specifically , in the model , as the endocochlear potential decreases , the transduction mechanism produces less [receptor] [current] such that there is a reduction in the battery of the somatic motor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 produces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 15 mechanism
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 model
3 in 6 ,
3 in 15 mechanism
4 the 5 model
6 , 7 as
7 as 10 potential
7 as 11 decreases
7 as 12 ,
7 as 15 mechanism
8 the 10 potential
9 endocochlear 10 potential
10 potential 11 decreases
13 the 15 mechanism
14 transduction 15 mechanism
15 mechanism 16 produces
16 produces 17 less
16 produces 21 that
16 produces 26 in
20 such 21 that
21 that 22 there
21 that 23 is
22 there 23 is
23 is 25 reduction
24 a 25 reduction
26 in 28 battery
27 the 28 battery
28 battery 29 of
29 of 32 motor
30 the 32 motor
31 somatic 32 motor

this leads to a drastic decrease in cochlear amplification and frequency sensitivity , as well as changes in position [-] frequency [map] ( tuning [pattern] ) of the cochlea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 leads
1 this 2 leads
2 leads 3 to
2 leads 7 in
3 to 6 decrease
4 a 5 drastic
4 a 6 decrease
5 drastic 6 decrease
7 in 10 and
8 cochlear 9 amplification
9 amplification 10 and
10 and 12 sensitivity
10 and 16 as
11 frequency 12 sensitivity
13 , 16 as
14 as 15 well
15 well 16 as
16 as 17 changes
16 as 30 .
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 27 of
18 in 21 frequency
19 position 21 frequency
21 frequency 24 tuning
23 ( 24 tuning
24 tuning 26 )
27 of 29 cochlea
28 the 29 cochlea

in addition , the simulations show that the age - related reduction of the endocochlear potential significantly inhibits the firing rate of the auditory nerve which might contribute to the decline [of] temporal resolution in the aging auditory system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 simulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 simulations
4 the 5 simulations
5 simulations 6 show
6 show 7 that
6 show 9 age
8 the 9 age
10 - 12 reduction
10 - 18 inhibits
10 - 40 .
11 related 12 reduction
12 reduction 13 of
12 reduction 18 inhibits
13 of 16 potential
14 the 16 potential
15 endocochlear 16 potential
17 significantly 18 inhibits
18 inhibits 21 rate
18 inhibits 35 in
19 the 21 rate
20 firing 21 rate
21 rate 22 of
22 of 25 nerve
23 the 25 nerve
24 auditory 25 nerve
25 nerve 26 which
25 nerve 27 might
26 which 27 might
27 might 28 contribute
28 contribute 29 to
29 to 34 resolution
30 the 34 resolution
31 decline 34 resolution
33 temporal 34 resolution
35 in 39 system
36 the 39 system
37 aging 39 system
38 auditory 39 system

empirical studies on the development of face processing skills with age show inconsistent patterns concerning qualitative vs [.] quantitative changes over time or the age range for peak cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 empirical 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
2 studies 12 show
3 on 5 development
4 the 5 development
5 development 6 of
6 of 9 skills
7 face 9 skills
8 processing 9 skills
9 skills 10 with
10 with 11 age
12 show 14 patterns
12 show 26 range
13 inconsistent 14 patterns
14 patterns 15 concerning
14 patterns 26 range
15 concerning 23 or
16 qualitative 17 vs
16 qualitative 21 over
16 qualitative 23 or
17 vs 20 changes
19 quantitative 20 changes
21 over 22 time
23 or 25 age
24 the 25 age
26 range 27 for
27 for 30 performance
28 peak 30 performance
29 cognitive 30 performance

in the present study , we tested the proficiency in face detection and face categorization with a large sample of participants ( n = 312 ; age range : 2 - 88 yrs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 13 and
7 tested 9 proficiency
7 tested 10 in
7 tested 13 and
8 the 9 proficiency
10 in 12 detection
11 face 12 detection
13 and 14 face
14 face 15 categorization
14 face 16 with
14 face 24 =
16 with 19 sample
17 a 18 large
17 a 19 sample
18 large 19 sample
19 sample 20 of
20 of 21 participants
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 312
26 ; 28 range
26 ; 29 :
27 age 28 range
28 range 29 :
29 : 30 2
30 2 33 yrs
31 - 33 yrs
32 88 33 yrs
33 yrs 34 )

as test objects , we used so - called mooney faces , two - tone ( black and white ) images of faces lacking critical information of a local , featural and relational nature , reflecting difficult real world face processing conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 as 3 objects
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 we
2 test 3 objects
5 we 6 used
6 used 7 so
6 used 9 called
8 - 9 called
9 called 11 faces
9 called 14 -
10 mooney 11 faces
11 faces 13 two
12 , 13 two
13 two 14 -
14 - 15 tone
15 tone 18 and
16 ( 18 and
17 black 18 and
18 and 21 images
18 and 24 lacking
18 and 34 nature
18 and 43 .
19 white 20 )
19 white 21 images
21 images 22 of
22 of 23 faces
24 lacking 26 information
25 critical 26 information
26 information 27 of
27 of 29 local
28 a 29 local
30 , 34 nature
31 featural 32 and
32 and 33 relational
32 and 34 nature
34 nature 36 reflecting
34 nature 43 .
35 , 36 reflecting
36 reflecting 42 conditions
36 reflecting 43 .
37 difficult 39 world
38 real 39 world
39 world 42 conditions
40 face 42 conditions
41 processing 42 conditions

we found that performance in the assessment of gender and age from mooney faces increases up [to] about age 15 , and decreases from 65 years on . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 performance
3 that 14 faces
4 performance 5 in
4 performance 8 of
4 performance 12 from
4 performance 14 faces
5 in 7 assessment
6 the 7 assessment
8 of 10 and
9 gender 10 and
10 and 11 age
12 from 13 mooney
14 faces 22 and
14 faces 27 on
15 increases 16 up
15 increases 22 and
16 up 18 about
18 about 19 age
19 age 20 15
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 decreases
22 and 24 from
24 from 26 years
25 65 26 years

the implications of these findings are discussed in the light of classic and recent findings from face development literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 implications
2 implications 3 of
2 implications 6 are
3 of 5 findings
4 these 5 findings
6 are 7 discussed
7 discussed 8 in
8 in 10 light
9 the 10 light
10 light 11 of
11 of 15 findings
12 classic 13 and
13 and 14 recent
13 and 15 findings
15 findings 16 from
16 from 19 literature
17 face 19 literature
18 development 19 literature

cellular senescence is an irreversible state of proliferation arrest evoked by a myriad of stresses including oncogene activation , telomere shortening/dysfunction and genotoxic insults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 3 is
3 is 22 and
4 an 5 irreversible
4 an 6 state
5 irreversible 6 state
6 state 7 of
6 state 10 evoked
6 state 16 including
6 state 19 ,
7 of 9 arrest
8 proliferation 9 arrest
10 evoked 11 by
11 by 13 myriad
12 a 13 myriad
13 myriad 14 of
14 of 15 stresses
16 including 18 activation
17 oncogene 18 activation
19 , 21 shortening/dysfunction
19 , 22 and
20 telomere 21 shortening/dysfunction
22 and 24 insults
23 genotoxic 24 insults

it has been associated with tumor activation , immune suppression and aging , owing to the secretion of proinflammatory mediators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 11 and
6 tumor 7 activation
7 activation 8 ,
8 , 10 suppression
8 , 11 and
9 immune 10 suppression
11 and 12 aging
11 and 14 owing
13 , 14 owing
14 owing 15 to
14 owing 20 mediators
14 owing 21 .
15 to 17 secretion
16 the 17 secretion
17 secretion 18 of
18 of 19 proinflammatory

the bacterial genotoxin colibactin [,] encoded by the pks genomic island is frequently harboured by escherichia coli strains of the b2 phylogenetic group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 colibactin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 harboured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 colibactin
2 bacterial 3 genotoxin
3 genotoxin 4 colibactin
4 colibactin 6 encoded
4 colibactin 12 is
6 encoded 7 by
7 by 11 island
8 the 11 island
9 pks 11 island
10 genomic 11 island
12 is 14 harboured
13 frequently 14 harboured
14 harboured 15 by
15 by 18 strains
16 escherichia 17 coli
17 coli 18 strains
18 strains 19 of
19 of 23 group
20 the 23 group
21 b2 23 group
22 phylogenetic 23 group

mammalian cells exposed to live pks+ bacteria exhibit dna - double strand breaks ( dsb ) and undergo cell [-] cycle arrest and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 mammalian 2 cells
2 cells 3 exposed
2 cells 23 and
3 exposed 4 to
4 to 6 pks+
5 live 6 pks+
6 pks+ 7 bacteria
6 pks+ 17 and
7 bacteria 17 and
8 exhibit 9 dna
8 exhibit 17 and
9 dna 13 breaks
10 - 13 breaks
11 double 12 strand
12 strand 13 breaks
13 breaks 15 dsb
13 breaks 16 )
14 ( 15 dsb
15 dsb 16 )
17 and 18 undergo
18 undergo 22 arrest
19 cell 22 arrest
21 cycle 22 arrest
23 and 24 death

here we show that cells that survive the acute bacterial infection with pks+ e . coli display hallmarks of cellular senescence : chronic dsb , prolonged cell - cycle arrest , enhanced senescence - associated β - galactosidase ( sa - β - gal ) activity , expansion of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear foci and senescence - associated heterochromatin foci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 5 cells
3 show 12 with
5 cells 6 that
5 cells 7 survive
6 that 7 survive
7 survive 11 infection
8 the 11 infection
9 acute 11 infection
10 bacterial 11 infection
12 with 13 pks+
13 pks+ 14 e
15 . 16 coli
15 . 17 display
15 . 22 :
15 . 60 .
16 coli 17 display
17 display 18 hallmarks
18 hallmarks 19 of
19 of 21 senescence
20 cellular 21 senescence
22 : 24 dsb
22 : 25 ,
22 : 31 ,
23 chronic 24 dsb
25 , 27 cell
25 , 28 -
26 prolonged 27 cell
28 - 30 arrest
29 cycle 30 arrest
31 , 33 senescence
31 , 57 associated
32 enhanced 33 senescence
33 senescence 38 galactosidase
33 senescence 46 activity
33 senescence 57 associated
34 - 38 galactosidase
35 associated 38 galactosidase
36 β 37 -
36 β 38 galactosidase
38 galactosidase 40 sa
38 galactosidase 41 -
39 ( 40 sa
40 sa 41 -
41 - 46 activity
42 β 44 gal
42 β 46 activity
43 - 44 gal
44 gal 45 )
46 activity 48 expansion
46 activity 56 -
47 , 48 expansion
48 expansion 49 of
48 expansion 56 -
49 of 54 and
50 promyelocytic 51 leukemia
51 leukemia 53 foci
52 nuclear 53 foci
53 foci 54 and
54 and 55 senescence
54 and 56 -
57 associated 59 foci
58 heterochromatin 59 foci

this was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production and pro - inflammatory cytokines , chemokines and proteases secretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 16 and
2 was 3 accompanied
2 was 16 and
3 accompanied 4 by
4 by 15 chemokines
5 reactive 6 oxygen
6 oxygen 7 species
7 species 15 chemokines
8 production 9 and
9 and 10 pro
9 and 13 cytokines
9 and 15 chemokines
11 - 13 cytokines
12 inflammatory 13 cytokines
13 cytokines 14 ,
16 and 17 proteases
17 proteases 18 secretion

these mediators were able to trigger dsb and enhanced sa - β - gal activity in bystander recipient cells treated with conditioned medium from senescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mediators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 mediators
2 mediators 3 were
3 were 4 able
4 able 5 to
5 to 8 and
6 trigger 7 dsb
6 trigger 8 and
8 and 9 enhanced
8 and 10 sa
10 sa 12 β
11 - 12 β
12 β 13 -
13 - 14 gal
14 gal 15 activity
14 gal 21 with
14 gal 22 conditioned
15 activity 16 in
15 activity 20 treated
16 in 19 cells
17 bystander 18 recipient
18 recipient 19 cells
20 treated 21 with
22 conditioned 23 medium
23 medium 24 from
24 from 26 cells
25 senescent 26 cells

furthermore , these senescent cells promoted the growth of human tumor cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 promoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 cells
3 these 5 cells
4 senescent 5 cells
5 cells 6 promoted
6 promoted 8 growth
7 the 8 growth
8 growth 9 of
9 of 12 cells
10 human 11 tumor
11 tumor 12 cells

in conclusion , the present data demonstrated that the [e] [.] coli genotoxin colibactin induces cellular senescence and subsequently propel bystander genotoxic and oncogenic effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 6 data
3 , 18 and
4 the 6 data
5 present 6 data
6 data 18 and
7 demonstrated 8 that
7 demonstrated 18 and
8 that 14 colibactin
8 that 15 induces
9 the 14 colibactin
12 coli 14 colibactin
13 genotoxin 14 colibactin
14 colibactin 15 induces
15 induces 17 senescence
16 cellular 17 senescence
18 and 20 propel
19 subsequently 20 propel
20 propel 25 effects
21 bystander 25 effects
22 genotoxic 23 and
23 and 24 oncogenic
23 and 25 effects

although nickel exposure results in allergic reactions , respiratory conditions , and cancer in humans and rodents , the ramifications of excess nickel in the environment [for] animal and human health remain largely undescribed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 2 nickel
1 although 3 exposure
3 exposure 4 results
4 results 5 in
4 results 14 in
5 in 12 and
6 allergic 7 reactions
7 reactions 8 ,
8 , 10 conditions
8 , 12 and
9 respiratory 10 conditions
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 cancer
14 in 16 and
15 humans 16 and
16 and 17 rodents
18 , 20 ramifications
18 , 32 remain
19 the 20 ramifications
20 ramifications 21 of
20 ramifications 24 in
20 ramifications 32 remain
21 of 23 nickel
22 excess 23 nickel
24 in 29 and
25 the 28 animal
26 environment 28 animal
28 animal 29 and
29 and 31 health
30 human 31 health
32 remain 34 undescribed
33 largely 34 undescribed

nickel and other cationic metals travel through waterways and bind to soils and sediments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 nickel 2 and
2 and 5 metals
2 and 9 and
3 other 5 metals
4 cationic 5 metals
6 travel 7 through
6 travel 9 and
7 through 8 waterways
9 and 10 bind
9 and 11 to
11 to 13 and
12 soils 13 and
13 and 14 sediments

to evaluate the potential toxic effects of nickel at environmental contaminant levels ( 8.9 - 7,600 µg ni/g dry weight of sediment and 50 - 800 µg nicl2/l of water ) , we conducted assays using two cosmopolitan nematodes , caenorhabditis elegans and pristionchus pacificus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 to 2 evaluate
1 to 32 ,
1 to 33 we
2 evaluate 6 effects
3 the 6 effects
4 potential 6 effects
5 toxic 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 9 at
7 of 8 nickel
9 at 12 levels
10 environmental 11 contaminant
11 contaminant 12 levels
12 levels 14 8.9
12 levels 23 and
12 levels 28 nicl2/l
13 ( 14 8.9
14 8.9 15 -
15 - 23 and
16 7,600 18 ni/g
16 7,600 23 and
17 µg 18 ni/g
18 ni/g 19 dry
19 dry 20 weight
20 weight 21 of
21 of 22 sediment
23 and 24 50
23 and 25 -
25 - 28 nicl2/l
26 800 28 nicl2/l
27 µg 28 nicl2/l
28 nicl2/l 29 of
28 nicl2/l 31 )
29 of 30 water
33 we 34 conducted
34 conducted 35 assays
34 conducted 36 using
36 using 43 and
37 two 39 nematodes
38 cosmopolitan 39 nematodes
39 nematodes 40 ,
40 , 42 elegans
40 , 43 and
41 caenorhabditis 42 elegans
43 and 45 pacificus
44 pristionchus 45 pacificus

we assayed the effects of both sediment - [bound] and aqueous nickel upon animal growth , developmental survival , lifespan , and fecundity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 assayed
2 assayed 4 effects
2 assayed 13 upon
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
5 of 10 and
6 both 10 and
7 sediment 10 and
8 - 10 and
10 and 12 nickel
11 aqueous 12 nickel
13 upon 22 and
14 animal 15 growth
15 growth 16 ,
16 , 18 survival
16 , 19 ,
17 developmental 18 survival
19 , 20 lifespan
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 fecundity

uncontaminated [sediments] were collected from sites in the midwestern united states and spiked with a range of nickel concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 uncontaminated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 uncontaminated 12 and
3 were 4 collected
3 were 12 and
4 collected 5 from
4 collected 7 in
5 from 6 sites
7 in 11 states
8 the 11 states
9 midwestern 10 united
10 united 11 states
12 and 13 spiked
12 and 14 with
14 with 16 range
15 a 16 range
16 range 17 of
17 of 19 concentrations
18 nickel 19 concentrations

we found that nickel - spiked sediment substantially impairs both survival from larval [to] adult stages and adult longevity in a concentration - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 nickel
3 that 4 nickel
5 - 7 sediment
5 - 9 impairs
5 - 23 -
6 spiked 7 sediment
7 sediment 9 impairs
8 substantially 9 impairs
9 impairs 17 and
9 impairs 20 in
10 both 17 and
11 survival 12 from
11 survival 17 and
12 from 16 stages
13 larval 15 adult
15 adult 16 stages
17 and 19 longevity
18 adult 19 longevity
20 in 22 concentration
21 a 22 concentration
23 - 25 manner
24 dependent 25 manner

further , while aqueous nickel showed no adverse effects on either survivorship or longevity , we observed a significant decrease in fecundity , indicating that aqueous nickel could have a negative impact on nematode physiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nickel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 5 nickel
3 while 4 aqueous
3 while 5 nickel
5 nickel 6 showed
6 showed 9 effects
6 showed 13 or
7 no 9 effects
8 adverse 9 effects
9 effects 10 on
10 on 12 survivorship
11 either 12 survivorship
13 or 14 longevity
15 , 16 we
15 , 17 observed
15 , 23 ,
16 we 17 observed
17 observed 20 decrease
18 a 19 significant
18 a 20 decrease
19 significant 20 decrease
20 decrease 21 in
21 in 22 fecundity
23 , 24 indicating
23 , 29 have
24 indicating 27 nickel
24 indicating 28 could
25 that 26 aqueous
26 aqueous 27 nickel
28 could 29 have
29 have 32 impact
29 have 33 on
30 a 32 impact
31 negative 32 impact
33 on 35 physiology
34 nematode 35 physiology

[intriguingly] [,] c ..y elegans and p . [pacificus] exhibit similar , but not identical , responses to nickel exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
3 c 4 ..y
4 ..y 6 and
5 elegans 6 and
6 and 7 p
8 . 10 exhibit
8 . 21 .
10 exhibit 13 but
10 exhibit 18 to
11 similar 13 but
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 not
13 but 17 responses
14 not 15 identical
15 identical 16 ,
15 identical 17 responses
18 to 19 nickel
19 nickel 20 exposure

moreover , p [.] [pacificus] could be tested successfully in [sediments] inhospitable [to] [c] [.] elegans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 p
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 p
3 p 6 could
6 could 7 be
7 be 8 tested
8 tested 9 successfully
8 tested 10 in
10 in 16 elegans
12 inhospitable 16 elegans

our results add to a growing body of literature documenting the impact of nickel on animal physiology , and suggest that environmental toxicological studies could gain an advantage by widening their repertoire of nematode species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 19 and
3 add 4 to
3 add 15 on
3 add 19 and
4 to 7 body
5 a 7 body
6 growing 7 body
7 body 8 of
7 body 13 of
8 of 9 literature
9 literature 10 documenting
10 documenting 12 impact
11 the 12 impact
13 of 14 nickel
15 on 17 physiology
16 animal 17 physiology
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 suggest
19 and 35 species
20 suggest 21 that
21 that 24 studies
21 that 26 gain
22 environmental 24 studies
23 toxicological 24 studies
24 studies 25 could
25 could 26 gain
26 gain 28 advantage
26 gain 29 by
27 an 28 advantage
29 by 30 widening
30 widening 32 repertoire
31 their 32 repertoire
32 repertoire 33 of
33 of 34 nematode

the glycation process is involved in both the intrinsic ( individual , genetic [ )(and extrinsic ( ultraviolet light , polution and lifestyle ) aging processes , and can be quantified at the epidermal or dermal level by histological , immunohistochemical ( ihc ) , [or] imagistic methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 process
2 glycation 3 process
3 process 28 and
4 is 5 involved
4 is 28 and
5 involved 6 in
6 in 22 and
7 both 22 and
8 the 21 polution
9 intrinsic 15 )(and
9 intrinsic 20 ,
9 intrinsic 21 polution
10 ( 15 )(and
11 individual 12 ,
12 , 13 genetic
12 , 15 )(and
15 )(and 16 extrinsic
15 )(and 19 light
15 )(and 20 ,
17 ( 19 light
18 ultraviolet 19 light
19 light 20 ,
21 polution 22 and
22 and 23 lifestyle
22 and 24 )
22 and 25 aging
25 aging 26 processes
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 can
28 and 32 at
29 can 30 be
30 be 31 quantified
32 at 37 level
33 the 37 level
34 epidermal 35 or
35 or 36 dermal
35 or 37 level
37 level 38 by
38 by 48 methods
39 histological 40 ,
39 histological 48 methods
41 immunohistochemical 43 ihc
41 immunohistochemical 45 ,
41 immunohistochemical 48 methods
42 ( 43 ihc
43 ihc 44 )
47 imagistic 48 methods

our study is focused on a histological and immunohistological comparison of sun - protected regions versus sun - exposed regions from different age groups of skin phototype iii subjects , related to the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 focused
4 focused 5 on
4 focused 13 -
4 focused 14 protected
5 on 10 comparison
6 a 10 comparison
7 histological 8 and
8 and 9 immunohistological
8 and 10 comparison
10 comparison 11 of
11 of 12 sun
15 regions 16 versus
15 regions 31 related
16 versus 17 sun
17 sun 20 regions
18 - 20 regions
19 exposed 20 regions
20 regions 21 from
20 regions 30 ,
21 from 24 groups
22 different 23 age
23 age 24 groups
24 groups 25 of
24 groups 27 phototype
24 groups 29 subjects
25 of 26 skin
27 phototype 28 iii
27 phototype 29 subjects
31 related 32 to
32 to 35 process
33 the 35 process
34 aging 35 process

skin samples collected [from] [non] - protected and uv protected regions of four experimental groups with different ages , were studied using histology and ihc methods for age - cml [[] [n] ( epsilon ) - ( carboxymethyl )lysine ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 protected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 skin 2 samples
2 samples 3 collected
2 samples 8 and
3 collected 6 -
3 collected 7 protected
8 and 9 uv
8 and 10 protected
10 protected 11 regions
11 regions 12 of
11 regions 16 with
12 of 15 groups
13 four 15 groups
14 experimental 15 groups
16 with 18 ages
17 different 18 ages
19 , 20 were
20 were 24 and
20 were 26 methods
21 studied 23 histology
22 using 23 histology
23 histology 24 and
24 and 25 ihc
26 methods 27 for
26 methods 39 )lysine
27 for 28 age
28 age 30 cml
29 - 30 cml
30 cml 34 epsilon
30 cml 36 -
33 ( 34 epsilon
34 epsilon 35 )
37 ( 39 )lysine
38 carboxymethyl 39 )lysine
39 )lysine 40 ]

a semi - quantitative assessment of the [cml] expression in the microvascular endothelium and dermal fibroblasts was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 semi
1 a 5 assessment
2 semi 3 -
2 semi 5 assessment
4 quantitative 5 assessment
5 assessment 6 of
5 assessment 17 was
6 of 9 expression
7 the 9 expression
9 expression 10 in
10 in 14 and
11 the 13 endothelium
12 microvascular 13 endothelium
13 endothelium 14 and
14 and 16 fibroblasts
15 dermal 16 fibroblasts
17 was 18 performed

the pearson one - [way] anova was used to compare data between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 anova
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 6 anova
2 pearson 3 one
2 pearson 6 anova
4 - 6 anova
6 anova 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 compare
9 to 10 compare
10 compare 11 data
10 compare 12 between
12 between 14 groups
13 the 14 groups

in the dermis of sun - exposed skin , the number and the intensity of cml positive cells in both fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( p<0.05 ) was [higher] compared to sun - protected skin , and was significantly increased in older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 3 dermis
1 in 6 -
1 in 8 skin
2 the 3 dermis
3 dermis 4 of
4 of 5 sun
7 exposed 8 skin
8 skin 22 and
8 skin 28 was
9 , 22 and
10 the 11 number
11 number 12 and
12 and 14 intensity
12 and 15 of
12 and 18 cells
13 the 14 intensity
15 of 16 cml
17 positive 18 cells
18 cells 19 in
18 cells 22 and
19 in 21 fibroblasts
20 both 21 fibroblasts
22 and 24 cells
22 and 26 p<0.05
22 and 27 )
23 endothelial 24 cells
25 ( 26 p<0.05
26 p<0.05 27 )
28 was 37 and
30 compared 31 to
30 compared 37 and
31 to 32 sun
32 sun 35 skin
33 - 35 skin
34 protected 35 skin
35 skin 36 ,
37 and 38 was
38 was 40 increased
39 significantly 40 increased
40 increased 41 in
41 in 43 patients
42 older 43 patients

the sun - exposed areas had a more than 10 % higher age [-] cml score than the protected areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sun
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 sun
3 - 5 areas
3 - 6 had
3 - 21 .
4 exposed 5 areas
5 areas 6 had
6 had 16 score
6 had 17 than
7 a 16 score
8 more 9 than
9 than 10 10
10 10 11 %
11 % 16 score
12 higher 16 score
13 age 15 cml
13 age 16 score
17 than 20 areas
18 the 20 areas
19 protected 20 areas

no statistically significant correlation was observed between the histological score and the ihc expression of cml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 no 4 correlation
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 was
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 7 between
7 between 11 and
8 the 10 score
9 histological 10 score
10 score 11 and
11 and 14 expression
11 and 15 of
12 the 14 expression
13 ihc 14 expression
15 of 16 cml

we concluded that [in] healthy integument , the accumulation of final glycation products increases with age and is amplified by ultraviolet exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 concluded
2 concluded 6 integument
3 that 6 integument
5 healthy 6 integument
7 , 9 accumulation
7 , 17 and
8 the 9 accumulation
9 accumulation 10 of
9 accumulation 17 and
10 of 13 products
11 final 12 glycation
12 glycation 13 products
14 increases 15 with
14 increases 17 and
15 with 16 age
17 and 18 is
18 is 19 amplified
19 amplified 20 by
20 by 22 exposure
21 ultraviolet 22 exposure

the study provides new knowledge on differences of age [-] cml between age groups and protected and unprotected areas and emphasizes that endothelium and perivascular area are most affected , justifying combined topical and systemic therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 20 and
3 provides 5 knowledge
3 provides 20 and
4 new 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 on
5 knowledge 8 of
6 on 7 differences
8 of 17 and
9 age 11 cml
9 age 12 between
9 age 15 and
9 age 17 and
12 between 13 age
14 groups 15 and
15 and 16 protected
17 and 19 areas
18 unprotected 19 areas
20 and 21 emphasizes
21 emphasizes 22 that
22 that 24 and
22 that 27 are
23 endothelium 24 and
24 and 26 area
24 and 27 are
25 perivascular 26 area
27 are 28 most
28 most 29 affected
30 , 31 justifying
30 , 32 combined
31 justifying 32 combined
32 combined 36 therapies
33 topical 34 and
34 and 35 systemic
34 and 36 therapies

objectives : although empathy is a well - established motivation in younger adults for helping others , it is not known whether this extends to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 18 it
2 : 21 known
2 : 27 .
3 although 4 empathy
3 although 5 is
3 although 17 ,
3 although 18 it
4 empathy 5 is
5 is 7 well
6 a 7 well
7 well 10 motivation
8 - 10 motivation
9 established 10 motivation
10 motivation 11 in
10 motivation 17 ,
11 in 13 adults
12 younger 13 adults
13 adults 14 for
14 for 15 helping
15 helping 16 others
18 it 19 is
19 is 20 not
19 is 21 known
21 known 22 whether
22 whether 23 this
22 whether 24 extends
23 this 24 extends
24 extends 25 to
25 to 26 aging

prioritization of socioemotional goals with age may increase the salience of helping others ( i.e [.] , prosocial behavior ) , but older adults also experience decreased cognitive empathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prioritization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 prioritization 2 of
1 prioritization 7 may
2 of 4 goals
3 socioemotional 4 goals
4 goals 5 with
5 with 6 age
7 may 8 increase
8 increase 24 adults
9 the 10 salience
10 salience 11 of
10 salience 22 but
11 of 12 helping
12 helping 13 others
13 others 15 i.e
14 ( 15 i.e
15 i.e 19 behavior
15 i.e 20 )
17 , 19 behavior
18 prosocial 19 behavior
19 behavior 20 )
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 older
22 but 24 adults
25 also 26 experience
25 also 27 decreased
26 experience 27 decreased
27 decreased 29 empathy
28 cognitive 29 empathy

thus , we investigated age - related differences in relationships among empathy and prosocial behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 differences
7 related 9 in
7 related 11 among
7 related 16 .
9 in 10 relationships
11 among 13 and
12 empathy 13 and
13 and 15 behavior
14 prosocial 15 behavior

method : participants were 24 younger ( m = 19.8 years [ )(and [24] older ( m = 77.9 years ) healthy adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 were
2 : 24 .
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 24
4 were 6 younger
6 younger 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 m 9 =
9 = 23 adults
10 19.8 11 years
11 years 13 )(and
13 )(and 15 older
13 )(and 23 adults
15 older 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 m 18 =
18 = 20 years
18 = 21 )
19 77.9 20 years
22 healthy 23 adults

whereas participants believed the study involved playing the dictator game , in reality , state emotional empathy was induced implicitly through a note from an opponent describing their experience with cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 whereas 2 participants
1 whereas 3 believed
1 whereas 14 ,
1 whereas 15 state
2 participants 3 believed
3 believed 5 study
3 believed 6 involved
4 the 5 study
5 study 6 involved
6 involved 7 playing
7 playing 10 game
8 the 10 game
9 dictator 10 game
10 game 12 in
11 , 12 in
12 in 13 reality
12 in 14 ,
15 state 17 empathy
15 state 19 induced
16 emotional 17 empathy
17 empathy 18 was
18 was 19 induced
19 induced 20 implicitly
19 induced 21 through
21 through 23 note
22 a 23 note
23 note 24 from
24 from 26 opponent
25 an 26 opponent
26 opponent 27 describing
27 describing 29 experience
27 describing 30 with
28 their 29 experience
30 with 31 cancer

prosocial behavior was measured by participants ' monetary offers to that opponent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 behavior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 prosocial 2 behavior
2 behavior 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 by
4 measured 10 to
5 by 9 offers
6 participants 7 '
7 ' 9 offers
8 monetary 9 offers
10 to 12 opponent
11 that 12 opponent

results : older adults showed greater prosocial behavior due to the empathy induction than younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 5 showed
2 : 17 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 showed
5 showed 8 behavior
5 showed 10 to
5 showed 14 than
6 greater 8 behavior
7 prosocial 8 behavior
9 due 10 to
10 to 13 induction
11 the 13 induction
12 empathy 13 induction
14 than 16 adults
15 younger 16 adults

there was a positive association between state emotional empathy ratings and prosocial behavior in [older] , but not in younger adults , and preliminary evidence for higher state emotional empathy levels in older adults with higher trait cognitive empathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 association
3 a 4 positive
3 a 5 association
4 positive 5 association
5 association 6 between
5 association 17 but
6 between 11 and
7 state 10 ratings
8 emotional 9 empathy
9 empathy 10 ratings
10 ratings 11 and
11 and 13 behavior
12 prosocial 13 behavior
14 in 17 but
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 not
17 but 19 in
17 but 23 and
20 younger 21 adults
21 adults 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 evidence
23 and 40 .
24 preliminary 25 evidence
25 evidence 26 for
26 for 31 levels
27 higher 28 state
28 state 31 levels
29 emotional 30 empathy
30 empathy 31 levels
31 levels 32 in
31 levels 35 with
32 in 34 adults
33 older 34 adults
35 with 39 empathy
36 higher 37 trait
37 trait 39 empathy
38 cognitive 39 empathy

discussion : this suggests that in contexts relevant to socioemotional goals , older adults may be more motivated than younger adults to help others and state emotional empathy may be a potential mechanism for greater prosocial behavior in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 25 and
2 : 40 .
3 this 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 that
5 that 14 adults
5 that 16 be
6 in 7 contexts
6 in 12 ,
6 in 14 adults
7 contexts 8 relevant
8 relevant 9 to
9 to 11 goals
10 socioemotional 11 goals
13 older 14 adults
14 adults 15 may
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 more
16 be 18 motivated
18 motivated 19 than
18 motivated 22 to
19 than 21 adults
20 younger 21 adults
22 to 25 and
23 help 24 others
23 help 25 and
25 and 26 state
25 and 38 in
26 state 28 empathy
26 state 30 be
27 emotional 28 empathy
28 empathy 29 may
29 may 30 be
30 be 33 mechanism
30 be 34 for
31 a 33 mechanism
32 potential 33 mechanism
34 for 37 behavior
35 greater 37 behavior
36 prosocial 37 behavior
38 in 39 aging

none none background : the association of age - related cognitive change with hospitalization is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 none 3 background
1 none 7 of
1 none 8 age
2 none 3 background
3 background 4 :
4 : 6 association
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
9 - 12 change
9 - 15 is
9 - 19 .
10 related 12 change
11 cognitive 12 change
12 change 13 with
12 change 15 is
13 with 14 hospitalization
15 is 16 not
15 is 17 well
17 well 18 understood

methods : at 3 - year intervals for a mean of 8.7 years , 2,273 older residents of a geographically defined urban community underwent cognitive testing from which a global measure was derived . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 17 residents
2 : 24 underwent
3 at 4 3
3 at 17 residents
4 3 7 intervals
5 - 7 intervals
6 year 7 intervals
7 intervals 8 for
7 intervals 14 ,
8 for 10 mean
9 a 10 mean
10 mean 11 of
11 of 13 years
12 8.7 13 years
15 2,273 17 residents
16 older 17 residents
17 residents 18 of
17 residents 24 underwent
18 of 23 community
19 a 23 community
20 geographically 21 defined
21 defined 23 community
22 urban 23 community
24 underwent 26 testing
25 cognitive 26 testing
26 testing 27 from
27 from 28 which
27 from 31 measure
27 from 33 derived
29 a 31 measure
30 global 31 measure
31 measure 32 was
32 was 33 derived

hospitalization data were obtained from part a medicare beneficiary records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 hospitalization 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 from
5 from 10 records
6 part 7 a
6 part 8 medicare
8 medicare 10 records
9 beneficiary 10 records

the association of level of cognitive [function] and rate [of] cognitive decline in each 3 [-] year interval with subsequent rate [of] hospitalization was assessed using mixed - effects count regression models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 24 was
3 of 4 level
4 level 5 of
4 level 19 with
5 of 8 and
6 cognitive 8 and
8 and 12 decline
8 and 13 in
9 rate 12 decline
11 cognitive 12 decline
13 in 18 interval
14 each 18 interval
15 3 17 year
17 year 18 interval
19 with 23 hospitalization
20 subsequent 21 rate
21 rate 23 hospitalization
24 was 26 using
25 assessed 26 using
26 using 27 mixed
28 - 29 effects
28 - 30 count
28 - 33 .
29 effects 30 count
30 count 32 models
31 regression 32 models

results : there were 9,091 hospitalizations involving 1,810 of the 2,273 individuals in the cohort ( 79.6 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
2 : 20 .
3 there 4 were
4 were 6 hospitalizations
5 9,091 6 hospitalizations
6 hospitalizations 7 involving
7 involving 8 1,810
7 involving 13 in
8 1,810 9 of
9 of 12 individuals
10 the 11 2,273
11 2,273 12 individuals
13 in 15 cohort
14 the 15 cohort
15 cohort 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 79.6 18 %
18 % 19 )

rate of hospitalization increased by 9.7 % [(] 95 % confidence interval [ ci ] : 7.2 , 12.3 ) with each additional study year [;] by 32.7 % [(] 95 % ci : 26.8 , 38.0 ) for each 1 point lower on the global cognitive measure at the beginning of an observation interval [;] and by 24.3 % [(] 95 % ci [:] 16.6 , 32.6 [ )(for each [1] - point decrease in the global cognitive measure during the previous observation period . 
1 rate 12 interval
2 of 3 hospitalization
2 of 12 interval
3 hospitalization 4 increased
3 hospitalization 5 by
5 by 6 9.7
7 % 11 confidence
9 95 10 %
10 % 11 confidence
11 confidence 12 interval
12 interval 14 ci
12 interval 16 :
13 [ 14 ci
14 ci 15 ]
16 : 17 7.2
16 : 21 with
17 7.2 19 12.3
18 , 19 12.3
19 12.3 20 )
21 with 25 year
22 each 25 year
23 additional 24 study
24 study 25 year
25 year 27 by
25 year 33 ci
25 year 34 :
27 by 29 %
28 32.7 29 %
31 95 33 ci
32 % 33 ci
33 ci 34 :
34 : 35 26.8
34 : 39 for
35 26.8 37 38.0
36 , 37 38.0
37 38.0 38 )
39 for 40 each
40 each 41 1
40 each 42 point
41 1 42 point
42 point 43 lower
42 point 44 on
44 on 48 measure
45 the 48 measure
46 global 48 measure
47 cognitive 48 measure
48 measure 57 and
49 at 51 beginning
49 at 57 and
50 the 51 beginning
51 beginning 52 of
52 of 55 interval
53 an 54 observation
53 an 55 interval
54 observation 55 interval
57 and 58 by
58 by 64 ci
59 24.3 60 %
60 % 64 ci
62 95 64 ci
63 % 64 ci
64 ci 66 16.6
64 ci 68 32.6
64 ci 75 decrease
67 , 68 32.6
68 32.6 70 )(for
68 32.6 73 -
70 )(for 71 each
73 - 75 decrease
74 point 75 decrease
75 decrease 76 in
75 decrease 81 during
75 decrease 86 .
76 in 80 measure
77 the 80 measure
78 global 80 measure
79 cognitive 80 measure
81 during 85 period
82 the 85 period
83 previous 84 observation
84 observation 85 period

these associations persisted after adjustment for comorbidities and exclusion of those with a mini [-] mental state examination score less than 26 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 persisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 associations
2 associations 3 persisted
3 persisted 4 after
3 persisted 20 less
3 persisted 21 than
4 after 8 and
4 after 19 score
5 adjustment 6 for
5 adjustment 8 and
6 for 7 comorbidities
8 and 9 exclusion
8 and 10 of
8 and 19 score
10 of 11 those
11 those 12 with
12 with 18 examination
13 a 18 examination
14 mini 16 mental
16 mental 17 state
17 state 18 examination
21 than 22 26

conclusion : individual differences in trajectories of cognitive aging are associated with subsequent risk of hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 differences
2 : 11 associated
2 : 17 .
3 individual 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
4 differences 10 are
5 in 6 trajectories
6 trajectories 7 of
7 of 9 aging
8 cognitive 9 aging
10 are 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 risk
13 subsequent 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 16 hospitalization

calorie or dietary restriction ( cr ) has attracted attention because it is the oldest [and] most robust way to extend rodent life [span] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 calorie 2 or
2 or 4 restriction
2 or 6 cr
2 or 8 has
3 dietary 4 restriction
5 ( 6 cr
6 cr 7 )
8 has 10 attention
8 has 11 because
8 has 20 to
9 attracted 10 attention
11 because 12 it
11 because 13 is
12 it 13 is
13 is 19 way
14 the 15 oldest
14 the 19 way
17 most 18 robust
18 robust 19 way
20 to 21 extend
21 extend 23 life
22 rodent 23 life

the idea that the nutrient sensors , termed sirtuins , might mediate effects of cr was proposed 13 years ago and has been challenged in the intervening years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 idea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 idea
2 idea 3 that
2 idea 21 and
3 that 6 sensors
3 that 12 mediate
4 the 6 sensors
5 nutrient 6 sensors
6 sensors 8 termed
6 sensors 11 might
7 , 8 termed
8 termed 9 sirtuins
8 termed 10 ,
11 might 12 mediate
12 mediate 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
14 of 15 cr
16 was 17 proposed
16 was 21 and
17 proposed 20 ago
18 13 19 years
19 years 20 ago
21 and 22 has
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 challenged
24 challenged 25 in
25 in 28 years
26 the 28 years
27 intervening 28 years

this review addresses these challenges and draws from a great body of new data in the sirtuin field that shows a systematic redirection of mammalian physiology in response to diet by sirtuins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 6 and
3 addresses 5 challenges
3 addresses 6 and
4 these 5 challenges
6 and 7 draws
6 and 31 by
7 draws 8 from
8 from 11 body
9 a 10 great
9 a 11 body
10 great 11 body
11 body 12 of
12 of 14 data
13 new 14 data
14 data 15 in
14 data 19 that
14 data 20 shows
15 in 18 field
16 the 18 field
17 sirtuin 18 field
19 that 20 shows
20 shows 23 redirection
20 shows 29 to
21 a 23 redirection
22 systematic 23 redirection
23 redirection 24 of
24 of 26 physiology
25 mammalian 26 physiology
26 physiology 28 response
27 in 28 response
29 to 30 diet
31 by 32 sirtuins

[the] [prospects] for drugs that can deliver at least a subset of the benefits of cr seems very real . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
3 for 4 drugs
3 for 11 subset
4 drugs 5 that
4 drugs 6 can
5 that 6 can
6 can 7 deliver
8 at 9 least
9 least 11 subset
10 a 11 subset
11 subset 12 of
11 subset 17 seems
12 of 14 benefits
13 the 14 benefits
14 benefits 15 of
15 of 16 cr
17 seems 19 real
18 very 19 real

mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) rearrangements cause a wide variety of highly debilitating [and] often fatal disorders and have been implicated in aging and age - associated disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 mitochondrial 2 dna
2 dna 4 mtdna
2 dna 6 rearrangements
3 ( 4 mtdna
4 mtdna 5 )
6 rearrangements 7 cause
7 cause 10 variety
7 cause 27 associated
8 a 9 wide
8 a 10 variety
9 wide 10 variety
10 variety 11 of
10 variety 27 associated
11 of 13 debilitating
12 highly 13 debilitating
13 debilitating 15 often
13 debilitating 24 and
16 fatal 18 and
16 fatal 24 and
17 disorders 18 and
18 and 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 implicated
21 implicated 22 in
22 in 23 aging
24 and 25 age
24 and 26 -
27 associated 28 disease

here , we present a meta - analytical study of mtdna deletions ( n = 730 ) and partial duplications ( n = 37 ) using information from more than 300 studies published over the last 30 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 18 and
4 present 26 using
5 a 6 meta
5 a 9 study
6 meta 7 -
6 meta 9 study
8 analytical 9 study
9 study 10 of
9 study 18 and
10 of 12 deletions
11 mtdna 12 deletions
12 deletions 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 730
15 = 17 )
18 and 20 duplications
18 and 23 =
19 partial 20 duplications
21 ( 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 37
23 = 25 )
26 using 27 information
27 information 28 from
27 information 33 published
28 from 32 studies
29 more 30 than
30 than 31 300
31 300 32 studies
33 published 34 over
34 over 38 years
35 the 36 last
35 the 37 30
37 30 38 years

we show that both classes of mtdna rearrangements are unequally distributed among disorders and their breakpoints have different genomic locations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 5 classes
3 that 11 distributed
4 both 5 classes
5 classes 6 of
5 classes 9 are
6 of 8 rearrangements
7 mtdna 8 rearrangements
9 are 10 unequally
9 are 11 distributed
11 distributed 12 among
12 among 13 disorders
14 and 16 breakpoints
14 and 17 have
15 their 16 breakpoints
16 breakpoints 17 have
17 have 20 locations
18 different 20 locations
19 genomic 20 locations

we also demonstrate that 100 % of cases with sporadic mtdna deletions and 97.3 % [with] duplications have no breakpoints in the 16,071 breakage hotspot site , in contrast with deletions from healthy and aged tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
1 we 3 demonstrate
2 also 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 %
4 that 18 have
5 100 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 9 with
6 % 18 have
7 of 8 cases
9 with 13 and
10 sporadic 11 mtdna
11 mtdna 12 deletions
12 deletions 13 and
13 and 17 duplications
14 97.3 17 duplications
15 % 17 duplications
18 have 20 breakpoints
18 have 28 in
19 no 20 breakpoints
20 breakpoints 21 in
21 in 26 site
22 the 26 site
23 16,071 26 site
24 breakage 25 hotspot
25 hotspot 26 site
27 , 28 in
28 in 29 contrast
28 in 37 .
29 contrast 30 with
30 with 31 deletions
31 deletions 32 from
32 from 36 tissues
33 healthy 34 and
34 and 35 aged
34 and 36 tissues

notably , most deletions removing a section of [the] d [-] loop are found in tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 3 most
3 most 4 deletions
3 most 12 loop
3 most 13 are
4 deletions 5 removing
4 deletions 12 loop
5 removing 7 section
6 a 7 section
7 section 8 of
8 of 10 d
13 are 14 found
14 found 15 in
15 in 16 tumors

deleted mtdna molecules lacking the origin of l - strand replication [(] o ( l ) ) represent only 9.5 % of all reported cases , whereas extra origins [of] [replication] occur in all duplications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 molecules
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 deleted 2 mtdna
2 mtdna 3 molecules
3 molecules 4 lacking
3 molecules 18 represent
4 lacking 6 origin
5 the 6 origin
6 origin 7 of
6 origin 11 replication
7 of 8 l
9 - 11 replication
10 strand 11 replication
11 replication 13 o
11 replication 15 l
11 replication 17 )
14 ( 15 l
15 l 16 )
18 represent 21 %
18 represent 27 whereas
19 only 20 9.5
20 9.5 21 %
21 % 22 of
22 of 25 cases
23 all 25 cases
24 reported 25 cases
26 , 27 whereas
27 whereas 29 origins
28 extra 29 origins
29 origins 32 occur
32 occur 33 in
33 in 35 duplications
34 all 35 duplications

as previously shown for deletions , imperfect stretches of homology are common in duplication breakpoints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 stretches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 as 2 previously
2 previously 3 shown
3 shown 4 for
3 shown 6 ,
3 shown 8 stretches
4 for 5 deletions
7 imperfect 8 stretches
8 stretches 9 of
8 stretches 11 are
9 of 10 homology
11 are 12 common
12 common 13 in
13 in 15 breakpoints
14 duplication 15 breakpoints

finally , we provide a dedicated website with detailed information on deleted/duplicated mtdna regions to facilitate the design of efficient methods for identification and screening of rearranged mitochondrial genomes ( available at http://www.portugene.com/mtdnarearrangements.html ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 7 website
4 provide 15 to
5 a 7 website
6 dedicated 7 website
7 website 8 with
8 with 10 information
9 detailed 10 information
10 information 11 on
11 on 14 regions
12 deleted/duplicated 14 regions
13 mtdna 14 regions
15 to 16 facilitate
16 facilitate 18 design
16 facilitate 22 for
17 the 18 design
18 design 19 of
19 of 21 methods
20 efficient 21 methods
22 for 24 and
23 identification 24 and
24 and 25 screening
25 screening 26 of
26 of 29 genomes
27 rearranged 29 genomes
28 mitochondrial 29 genomes
29 genomes 31 available
30 ( 31 available
31 available 32 at
31 available 34 )
32 at 33 http://www.portugene.com/mtdnarearrangements.html

one of the most reliable findings in psychiatry is in the incidence of anxiety and depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 9 is
2 of 6 findings
3 the 4 most
4 most 6 findings
5 reliable 6 findings
6 findings 7 in
7 in 8 psychiatry
9 is 10 in
10 in 12 incidence
11 the 12 incidence
12 incidence 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 anxiety 15 and
15 and 16 depression

beginning at puberty , women develop mood disorders twice as often as men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 beginning 2 at
1 beginning 4 ,
1 beginning 5 women
2 at 3 puberty
5 women 6 develop
6 develop 8 disorders
6 develop 11 often
6 develop 12 as
7 mood 8 disorders
9 twice 10 as
10 as 11 often
12 as 13 men

[because] corticotropin - releasing factor [(] crf ) receptors are implicated , we compared crf receptor binding in pre - and postpubertal rats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 corticotropin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
3 - 9 receptors
3 - 11 implicated
3 - 12 ,
4 releasing 7 crf
4 releasing 8 )
4 releasing 9 receptors
5 factor 7 crf
9 receptors 10 are
10 are 11 implicated
12 , 13 we
12 , 14 compared
13 we 14 compared
14 compared 17 binding
14 compared 18 in
15 crf 17 binding
16 receptor 17 binding
18 in 21 and
19 pre 21 and
20 - 21 and
21 and 23 rats
22 postpubertal 23 rats

in each brain area , crf receptor binding was sexually dimorphic , but no two areas were alike in the way the sexes differed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 binding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 area
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 binding
2 each 4 area
3 brain 4 area
6 crf 8 binding
7 receptor 8 binding
8 binding 9 was
9 was 10 sexually
9 was 11 dimorphic
12 , 13 but
13 but 16 areas
13 but 17 were
14 no 16 areas
15 two 16 areas
16 areas 17 were
17 were 18 alike
18 alike 19 in
19 in 21 way
20 the 21 way
21 way 23 sexes
21 way 24 differed
22 the 23 sexes
23 sexes 24 differed

in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle , crf1 binding was initially the same in juveniles , but became greater in adult females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 crf1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 5 and
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 crf1
2 the 4 accumbens
3 nucleus 4 accumbens
4 accumbens 5 and
5 and 7 tubercle
5 and 8 ,
6 olfactory 7 tubercle
9 crf1 10 binding
9 crf1 18 but
11 was 12 initially
11 was 14 same
11 was 18 but
13 the 14 same
14 same 15 in
15 in 16 juveniles
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 became
19 became 20 greater
20 greater 21 in
21 in 23 females
22 adult 23 females

in piriform cortex , crf1 binding increased in females and decreased in males , again becoming sexually dimorphic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 3 cortex
2 piriform 3 cortex
4 , 5 crf1
4 , 10 and
5 crf1 6 binding
5 crf1 10 and
7 increased 8 in
7 increased 10 and
8 in 9 females
10 and 11 decreased
10 and 12 in
12 in 13 males
13 males 16 becoming
14 , 16 becoming
15 again 16 becoming
16 becoming 18 dimorphic
16 becoming 19 .
17 sexually 18 dimorphic

crf1 binding in the anterior cingulate was greater in females than in males at both ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crf1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 crf1 2 binding
1 crf1 7 was
2 binding 3 in
3 in 6 cingulate
4 the 6 cingulate
5 anterior 6 cingulate
7 was 8 greater
8 greater 9 in
8 greater 11 than
8 greater 14 at
9 in 10 females
11 than 12 in
12 in 13 males
14 at 16 ages
15 both 16 ages

in ca3 , crf1 binding was greater in males before puberty but decreased during puberty , abolishing the sex difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 crf1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
1 in 2 ca3
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 crf1
4 crf1 5 binding
4 crf1 12 but
6 was 7 greater
6 was 12 but
7 greater 8 in
7 greater 10 before
8 in 9 males
10 before 11 puberty
12 but 13 decreased
13 decreased 14 during
14 during 15 puberty
15 puberty 17 abolishing
16 , 17 abolishing
17 abolishing 20 difference
17 abolishing 21 .
18 the 20 difference
19 sex 20 difference

crf2 binding in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was greater in males irrespective of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crf2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 crf2 2 binding
1 crf2 12 was
2 binding 3 in
3 in 7 nucleus
4 the 7 nucleus
5 posterior 6 bed
6 bed 7 nucleus
7 nucleus 8 of
8 of 11 terminalis
9 the 11 terminalis
10 stria 11 terminalis
12 was 13 greater
13 greater 14 in
13 greater 17 of
14 in 15 males
16 irrespective 17 of
17 of 18 age

in contrast , in each of three subdivisions of the lateral septum , females had greater crf2 binding than males as juveniles , or [,] [as] juveniles and [as] adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 females
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 13 ,
1 in 14 females
2 contrast 4 in
3 , 4 in
4 in 5 each
4 in 13 ,
5 each 6 of
6 of 8 subdivisions
7 three 8 subdivisions
8 subdivisions 9 of
9 of 12 septum
10 the 12 septum
11 lateral 12 septum
14 females 15 had
15 had 17 crf2
15 had 19 than
16 greater 17 crf2
17 crf2 18 binding
19 than 20 males
19 than 21 as
21 as 28 and
22 juveniles 24 or
23 , 24 or
24 or 27 juveniles
24 or 28 and
28 and 30 adults

crf2 binding in the ventromedial hypothalamus was the same in juveniles , but binding levels increased in males , leading to an adult sex difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crf2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 crf2 2 binding
1 crf2 7 was
2 binding 3 in
3 in 6 hypothalamus
4 the 6 hypothalamus
5 ventromedial 6 hypothalamus
7 was 9 same
8 the 9 same
9 same 10 in
9 same 20 leading
10 in 11 juveniles
11 juveniles 13 but
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 binding
13 but 19 ,
14 binding 15 levels
14 binding 17 in
15 levels 16 increased
17 in 18 males
20 leading 21 to
21 to 25 difference
22 an 25 difference
23 adult 24 sex
24 sex 25 difference

thus , eight crf receptor [-] expressing areas displayed eight distinct sex differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 8 areas
3 eight 8 areas
4 crf 7 expressing
5 receptor 7 expressing
7 expressing 8 areas
8 areas 9 displayed
9 displayed 13 differences
10 eight 13 differences
11 distinct 12 sex
12 sex 13 differences

these results show that sex differences pervade the crf receptor system in juvenile and adult rats , and the mechanisms that control them are likely to be sex [-] , region [-] , and [subtype] [-] specific . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 5 sex
3 show 12 in
3 show 18 and
3 show 27 be
4 that 5 sex
5 sex 6 differences
5 sex 7 pervade
6 differences 7 pervade
7 pervade 11 system
8 the 11 system
9 crf 10 receptor
10 receptor 11 system
12 in 14 and
13 juvenile 14 and
14 and 15 adult
16 rats 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 mechanisms
18 and 21 that
18 and 22 control
18 and 24 are
19 the 20 mechanisms
21 that 22 control
22 control 23 them
24 are 25 likely
25 likely 26 to
26 to 27 be
27 be 34 and
28 sex 30 ,
30 , 31 region
30 , 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 37 specific

skin cancer and aging are linked to increased cellular reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , particularly following exposure to [ultraviolet] a ( uva ) in sunlight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 skin 2 cancer
2 cancer 3 and
3 and 4 aging
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 linked
6 linked 7 to
6 linked 18 following
6 linked 26 in
7 to 12 species
8 increased 11 oxygen
9 cellular 11 oxygen
10 reactive 11 oxygen
11 oxygen 12 species
12 species 14 ros
13 ( 14 ros
14 ros 15 )
16 , 18 following
17 particularly 18 following
18 following 19 exposure
18 following 25 )
19 exposure 20 to
19 exposure 24 uva
20 to 22 a
23 ( 24 uva
24 uva 25 )
26 in 27 sunlight

as mitochondria are the main [source] [of] cellular ros , this study compared the protective effects of mitochondria - targeted and [-] localized antioxidants ( mitoq and tiron , respectively ) with cellular antioxidants against oxidative stress - induced [ [uva] and hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 [ )( mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) damage in human dermal fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 as 2 mitochondria
2 mitochondria 3 are
3 are 9 ros
4 the 5 main
4 the 9 ros
8 cellular 9 ros
10 , 12 study
10 , 19 -
11 this 12 study
12 study 13 compared
13 compared 16 effects
14 the 16 effects
15 protective 16 effects
16 effects 17 of
17 of 18 mitochondria
19 - 21 and
20 targeted 21 and
21 and 23 localized
23 localized 24 antioxidants
23 localized 30 respectively
23 localized 32 with
24 antioxidants 27 and
25 ( 27 and
26 mitoq 27 and
27 and 28 tiron
27 and 29 ,
29 , 30 respectively
30 respectively 31 )
32 with 42 and
33 cellular 34 antioxidants
34 antioxidants 35 against
34 antioxidants 42 and
35 against 37 stress
36 oxidative 37 stress
37 stress 39 induced
38 - 39 induced
40 [ 42 and
42 and 44 peroxide
42 and 50 dna
43 hydrogen 44 peroxide
45 ( 50 dna
46 h2o2 50 dna
49 mitochondrial 50 dna
50 dna 54 damage
50 dna 59 .
51 ( 54 damage
52 mtdna 53 )
52 mtdna 54 damage
54 damage 55 in
54 damage 59 .
55 in 58 fibroblasts
56 human 58 fibroblasts
57 dermal 58 fibroblasts

with the use of a long quantitative pcr assay , tiron [(] ec50 10 [mm] ) was found to confer complete ( 100 % ) protection ( p<0.001 ) against both uva - and h2o2 - induced mtdna damage , [whereas] mitoq ( [ec50] 750 nm ) provided less protection ( 17 and 32 % , respectively [;] p<0.05 ) . 
1 with 3 use
1 with 9 assay
2 the 3 use
3 use 4 of
4 of 8 pcr
5 a 6 long
5 a 8 pcr
6 long 8 pcr
7 quantitative 8 pcr
9 assay 13 ec50
9 assay 17 was
10 , 13 ec50
11 tiron 13 ec50
13 ec50 14 10
13 ec50 16 )
17 was 18 found
18 found 19 to
18 found 30 against
19 to 20 confer
20 confer 26 protection
21 complete 24 %
21 complete 25 )
21 complete 26 protection
22 ( 24 %
23 100 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 protection 28 p<0.001
27 ( 28 p<0.001
28 p<0.001 29 )
30 against 38 mtdna
31 both 32 uva
32 uva 34 and
33 - 34 and
34 and 35 h2o2
34 and 36 -
34 and 37 induced
37 induced 38 mtdna
38 mtdna 39 damage
38 mtdna 48 provided
39 damage 42 mitoq
39 damage 48 provided
40 , 42 mitoq
42 mitoq 46 nm
42 mitoq 47 )
43 ( 46 nm
45 750 46 nm
46 nm 47 )
48 provided 50 protection
49 less 50 protection
50 protection 55 %
51 ( 55 %
52 17 53 and
53 and 54 32
53 and 55 %
55 % 59 p<0.05
55 % 61 .
56 , 57 respectively
56 , 59 p<0.05
59 p<0.05 60 )

this particular protective effect [of] tiron was greater than a range of cellular antioxidants investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tiron
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 6 tiron
2 particular 4 effect
3 protective 4 effect
4 effect 6 tiron
6 tiron 7 was
7 was 8 greater
8 greater 9 than
9 than 11 range
10 a 11 range
11 range 12 of
12 of 14 antioxidants
13 cellular 14 antioxidants
14 antioxidants 15 investigated

the nuclear factor erythroid [2] - related factor 2 ( nrf2 ) signaling pathway provides cellular protection against oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 14 pathway
2 nuclear 3 factor
3 factor 14 pathway
4 erythroid 8 factor
4 erythroid 14 pathway
6 - 8 factor
7 related 8 factor
8 factor 9 2
8 factor 11 nrf2
8 factor 12 )
10 ( 11 nrf2
11 nrf2 12 )
13 signaling 14 pathway
14 pathway 15 provides
15 provides 17 protection
15 provides 18 against
16 cellular 17 protection
18 against 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress

an elisa assay for the nrf2 target gene heme oxygenase - 1 ( ho - 1 ) and studies using nrf2 small interfering rna both indicated that tiron 's mode of action was [nrf2] independent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elisa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 an 2 elisa
2 elisa 3 assay
3 assay 4 for
3 assay 10 oxygenase
4 for 7 target
5 the 7 target
6 nrf2 7 target
8 gene 10 oxygenase
9 heme 10 oxygenase
10 oxygenase 12 1
11 - 12 1
12 1 14 ho
12 1 17 )
13 ( 14 ho
14 ho 16 1
14 ho 17 )
15 - 16 1
16 1 17 )
18 and 24 rna
18 and 33 was
19 studies 24 rna
20 using 24 rna
21 nrf2 24 rna
22 small 24 rna
23 interfering 24 rna
24 rna 25 both
24 rna 26 indicated
24 rna 31 of
24 rna 33 was
25 both 26 indicated
26 indicated 30 mode
27 that 28 tiron
28 tiron 29 's
29 's 30 mode
31 of 32 action
33 was 35 independent

the comet assay showed that tiron 's protective effect against h2o2 - induced nuclear dna damage was greater than the cellular antioxidants and mitoq ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 assay
2 comet 3 assay
3 assay 4 showed
4 showed 9 effect
4 showed 16 damage
4 showed 17 was
5 that 6 tiron
6 tiron 7 's
7 's 9 effect
8 protective 9 effect
10 against 11 h2o2
10 against 12 -
10 against 16 damage
13 induced 16 damage
14 nuclear 16 damage
15 dna 16 damage
16 damage 17 was
17 was 18 greater
18 greater 19 than
19 than 23 and
20 the 22 antioxidants
21 cellular 22 antioxidants
22 antioxidants 23 and
23 and 24 mitoq
23 and 26 p<0.001
25 ( 26 p<0.001
26 p<0.001 27 )

this study provides a platform to investigate molecules with similar structure to [tiron] as potent and clinically relevant antioxidants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 platform
3 provides 14 as
4 a 5 platform
5 platform 6 to
5 platform 12 to
6 to 7 investigate
7 investigate 8 molecules
7 investigate 9 with
7 investigate 12 to
9 with 11 structure
10 similar 11 structure
14 as 19 antioxidants
15 potent 16 and
16 and 18 relevant
16 and 19 antioxidants
17 clinically 18 relevant

the maillard reaction includes a complex network of processes affecting food and biopharmaceutical products ; it also occurs in living organisms and has been strictly related to cell aging , to the pathogenesis of several ( chronic ) diseases , such as diabetes , uremia , cataract , liver cirrhosis and various neurodegenerative pathologies , as well as to peritoneal dialysis treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maillard
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 the 2 maillard
2 maillard 3 reaction
2 maillard 8 of
2 maillard 9 processes
3 reaction 4 includes
4 includes 7 network
5 a 7 network
6 complex 7 network
7 network 8 of
9 processes 12 and
10 affecting 11 food
11 food 12 and
12 and 14 products
13 biopharmaceutical 14 products
15 ; 16 it
15 ; 22 and
16 it 22 and
17 also 18 occurs
18 occurs 19 in
18 occurs 22 and
19 in 20 living
20 living 21 organisms
22 and 23 has
22 and 62 treatment
23 has 24 been
24 been 26 related
25 strictly 26 related
26 related 27 to
26 related 31 to
26 related 42 as
26 related 56 as
26 related 59 to
27 to 29 aging
28 cell 29 aging
30 , 31 to
31 to 33 pathogenesis
31 to 40 ,
32 the 33 pathogenesis
33 pathogenesis 34 of
34 of 35 several
35 several 39 diseases
36 ( 39 diseases
37 chronic 38 )
37 chronic 39 diseases
39 diseases 40 ,
40 , 42 as
41 such 42 as
42 as 51 and
42 as 55 ,
43 diabetes 44 ,
44 , 47 cataract
44 , 48 ,
45 uremia 46 ,
45 uremia 47 cataract
48 , 50 cirrhosis
48 , 51 and
49 liver 50 cirrhosis
51 and 54 pathologies
51 and 55 ,
52 various 54 pathologies
53 neurodegenerative 54 pathologies
56 as 57 well
58 as 59 to
59 to 61 dialysis
60 peritoneal 61 dialysis

dozens of compounds are involved in this process , among [which] a number of protein - adducted derivatives that have been simplistically defined as early , intermediate and advanced glycation end - products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
1 dozens 2 of
1 dozens 3 compounds
2 of 3 compounds
3 compounds 4 are
4 are 5 involved
5 involved 6 in
5 involved 10 among
6 in 8 process
7 this 8 process
9 , 10 among
10 among 15 protein
10 among 26 ,
12 a 13 number
13 number 14 of
13 number 15 protein
14 of 15 protein
15 protein 18 derivatives
16 - 18 derivatives
17 adducted 18 derivatives
18 derivatives 19 that
18 derivatives 20 have
18 derivatives 26 ,
19 that 20 have
20 have 21 been
21 been 22 simplistically
21 been 23 defined
23 defined 25 early
24 as 25 early
26 , 28 and
27 intermediate 28 and
28 and 31 end
28 and 33 products
29 advanced 30 glycation
30 glycation 31 end
32 - 33 products
33 products 34 .

in the last decade , various [bottom] - up proteomic approaches have been successfully used for the identification of glycation/glycoxidation protein targets as well as for the characterization of the corresponding [adducts] , including assignment of the modified amino acids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 4 decade
1 in 11 approaches
2 the 4 decade
3 last 4 decade
5 , 6 various
6 various 8 -
6 various 11 approaches
9 up 11 approaches
10 proteomic 11 approaches
11 approaches 12 have
12 have 13 been
13 been 15 used
14 successfully 15 used
15 used 16 for
15 used 25 as
16 for 18 identification
17 the 18 identification
18 identification 19 of
18 identification 23 as
19 of 22 targets
20 glycation/glycoxidation 21 protein
21 protein 22 targets
23 as 24 well
25 as 26 for
26 for 28 characterization
27 the 28 characterization
28 characterization 29 of
28 characterization 36 of
29 of 35 assignment
30 the 35 assignment
31 corresponding 33 ,
31 corresponding 35 assignment
34 including 35 assignment
36 of 40 acids
37 the 40 acids
38 modified 40 acids
39 amino 40 acids

this article provides an updated overview of the mass spectrometry - based procedures developed to this purpose , emphasizing their partial limits with respect to current proteomic approaches for the analysis of other post - translational modifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 provides
3 provides 6 overview
4 an 6 overview
5 updated 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
6 overview 19 emphasizing
7 of 10 spectrometry
8 the 10 spectrometry
9 mass 10 spectrometry
10 spectrometry 13 procedures
11 - 13 procedures
12 based 13 procedures
13 procedures 14 developed
13 procedures 18 ,
14 developed 15 to
15 to 17 purpose
16 this 17 purpose
19 emphasizing 22 limits
19 emphasizing 23 with
19 emphasizing 25 to
20 their 22 limits
21 partial 22 limits
23 with 24 respect
25 to 28 approaches
26 current 28 approaches
27 proteomic 28 approaches
28 approaches 29 for
29 for 31 analysis
30 the 31 analysis
31 analysis 32 of
32 of 34 post
33 other 34 post
35 - 37 modifications
36 translational 37 modifications

these limitations are mainly related to the concomitant sheer diversity , chemical complexity , and variable abundance of the various derivatives to be characterized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 limitations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 limitations
2 limitations 3 are
3 are 5 related
4 mainly 5 related
5 related 6 to
5 related 22 to
6 to 15 and
7 the 10 diversity
8 concomitant 10 diversity
9 sheer 10 diversity
10 diversity 11 ,
11 , 13 complexity
11 , 15 and
12 chemical 13 complexity
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 abundance
15 and 18 of
16 variable 17 abundance
18 of 21 derivatives
19 the 21 derivatives
20 various 21 derivatives
22 to 23 be
23 be 24 characterized

some challenges to scientists are finally proposed for future proteomic investigations to solve main drawbacks in this research field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 some 2 challenges
2 challenges 3 to
2 challenges 5 are
3 to 4 scientists
5 are 7 proposed
6 finally 7 proposed
7 proposed 8 for
7 proposed 12 to
8 for 11 investigations
9 future 11 investigations
10 proteomic 11 investigations
12 to 13 solve
13 solve 15 drawbacks
13 solve 16 in
14 main 15 drawbacks
16 in 19 field
17 this 19 field
18 research 19 field

detection and quantification of protein carbonyls present in biological samples has become a popular , [albeit] indirect , method to determine the existence of oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 detection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 and 3 quantification
2 and 12 become
3 quantification 4 of
3 quantification 11 has
4 of 6 carbonyls
5 protein 6 carbonyls
6 carbonyls 7 present
7 present 8 in
8 in 10 samples
9 biological 10 samples
11 has 12 become
12 become 19 method
12 become 20 to
13 a 14 popular
13 a 19 method
14 popular 15 ,
14 popular 19 method
17 indirect 18 ,
17 indirect 19 method
20 to 21 determine
21 determine 23 existence
22 the 23 existence
23 existence 24 of
24 of 26 stress
25 oxidative 26 stress

moreover , the rise of proteomics has allowed the identification of the specific proteins targeted by protein carbonylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 rise
3 the 4 rise
4 rise 5 of
4 rise 7 has
5 of 6 proteomics
7 has 8 allowed
8 allowed 10 identification
8 allowed 18 carbonylation
9 the 10 identification
10 identification 11 of
11 of 14 proteins
12 the 14 proteins
13 specific 14 proteins
14 proteins 15 targeted
15 targeted 16 by
16 by 17 protein

this review discusses these methodologies and proteomic strategies and then focuses on the relationship between protein carbonylation and aging and the parameters that may explain the increased sensitivity of certain proteins to protein carbonylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 9 and
3 discusses 6 and
3 discusses 9 and
4 these 5 methodologies
5 methodologies 6 and
6 and 8 strategies
7 proteomic 8 strategies
9 and 11 focuses
9 and 32 to
10 then 11 focuses
11 focuses 12 on
11 focuses 15 between
12 on 14 relationship
13 the 14 relationship
15 between 20 and
16 protein 17 carbonylation
17 carbonylation 18 and
18 and 19 aging
18 and 20 and
20 and 22 parameters
20 and 23 that
20 and 25 explain
21 the 22 parameters
23 that 24 may
24 may 25 explain
25 explain 28 sensitivity
26 the 28 sensitivity
27 increased 28 sensitivity
28 sensitivity 29 of
29 of 31 proteins
30 certain 31 proteins
32 to 34 carbonylation
33 protein 34 carbonylation

background : allometric exponents in population pharmacokinetic analysis are regularly used but the issue of fixing or estimating an allometric exponent remains controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 allometric
3 allometric 4 exponents
3 allometric 16 fixing
4 exponents 5 in
4 exponents 9 are
5 in 8 analysis
6 population 8 analysis
7 pharmacokinetic 8 analysis
9 are 10 regularly
9 are 11 used
11 used 12 but
12 but 14 issue
13 the 14 issue
14 issue 15 of
15 of 16 fixing
17 or 18 estimating
17 or 22 remains
18 estimating 21 exponent
18 estimating 22 remains
19 an 20 allometric
19 an 21 exponent
20 allometric 21 exponent
22 remains 23 controversial

the objective of the current analysis is to evaluate the performance of a body - weight - dependent allometric exponent [(] bde ) [model] of remifentanil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 7 is
3 of 6 analysis
4 the 6 analysis
5 current 6 analysis
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 performance
10 the 11 performance
11 performance 12 of
12 of 14 body
13 a 14 body
14 body 16 weight
14 body 22 bde
14 body 25 of
15 - 16 weight
16 weight 17 -
17 - 22 bde
18 dependent 20 exponent
19 allometric 20 exponent
20 exponent 22 bde
22 bde 23 )
25 of 26 remifentanil

methods : the study was conducted in 34 patients ( neonates to 17 years and 2.5 to 97 kg body weight ) following a single intravenous ( iv ) infusion of remifentanil ( 5 μg / [kg] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 conducted
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 in
7 in 9 patients
8 34 9 patients
9 patients 15 and
10 ( 15 and
11 neonates 12 to
11 neonates 15 and
12 to 14 years
13 17 14 years
15 and 21 weight
15 and 22 )
15 and 23 following
15 and 38 )
16 2.5 17 to
17 to 18 97
17 to 19 kg
19 kg 21 weight
20 body 21 weight
23 following 30 infusion
24 a 25 single
24 a 30 infusion
25 single 30 infusion
26 intravenous 28 iv
26 intravenous 29 )
26 intravenous 30 infusion
27 ( 28 iv
28 iv 29 )
30 infusion 31 of
31 of 32 remifentanil
32 remifentanil 36 /
33 ( 36 /
34 5 35 μg
35 μg 36 /
36 / 38 )

a population pharmacokinetic approach was taken to describe drug clearance by the following bde equation : cl=clpop ( bw/14.6 [kg] )l×bw [(] - m ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 population
1 a 4 approach
2 population 4 approach
3 pharmacokinetic 4 approach
4 approach 5 was
5 was 6 taken
6 taken 7 to
7 to 8 describe
8 describe 10 clearance
8 describe 11 by
9 drug 10 clearance
11 by 15 equation
12 the 13 following
12 the 15 equation
14 bde 15 equation
16 : 17 cl=clpop
17 cl=clpop 21 )l×bw
17 cl=clpop 24 m
18 ( 21 )l×bw
19 bw/14.6 21 )l×bw
21 )l×bw 23 -
23 - 24 m
24 m 25 )

three allometric models were used to explore the impact of allometric exponents on the total clearance of remifentanil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 three 3 models
2 allometric 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 explore
6 to 7 explore
7 explore 9 impact
7 explore 13 on
8 the 9 impact
9 impact 10 of
10 of 12 exponents
11 allometric 12 exponents
13 on 16 clearance
14 the 16 clearance
15 total 16 clearance
16 clearance 17 of
17 of 18 remifentanil

results : all model [-] fitted structural , covariate , and statistical parameters were estimated with good to excellent precision ( %rse ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 and
2 : 24 .
3 all 9 covariate
4 model 6 fitted
6 fitted 9 covariate
7 structural 8 ,
7 structural 9 covariate
9 covariate 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 statistical
11 and 13 parameters
11 and 16 with
11 and 17 good
13 parameters 14 were
14 were 15 estimated
15 estimated 16 with
17 good 18 to
18 to 20 precision
19 excellent 20 precision
20 precision 22 %rse
21 ( 22 %rse
22 %rse 23 )

however , on the basis of calculated akaike weights ( 0.000 for model 1 , 0.004 for model 2 [,] and 0.996 for model 3 ) , model 3 is the most robust model to describe individual clearance estimates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 clearance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 however 28 model
1 however 30 is
1 however 38 clearance
2 , 3 on
3 on 5 basis
3 on 27 ,
3 on 28 model
4 the 5 basis
5 basis 6 of
6 of 9 weights
7 calculated 9 weights
8 akaike 9 weights
9 weights 11 0.000
9 weights 16 0.004
10 ( 11 0.000
11 0.000 12 for
11 0.000 15 ,
12 for 13 model
13 model 14 1
15 , 16 0.004
16 0.004 17 for
16 0.004 23 for
16 0.004 26 )
17 for 18 model
18 model 21 and
19 2 21 and
21 and 22 0.996
23 for 24 model
24 model 25 3
28 model 29 3
28 model 30 is
30 is 34 model
31 the 34 model
32 most 33 robust
33 robust 34 model
34 model 35 to
34 model 36 describe
35 to 36 describe
37 individual 38 clearance
38 clearance 39 estimates

conclusions : the bde model performed best for the estimation of remifentanil clearance and is realistic and [of] practical value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 model
2 : 14 and
2 : 21 .
3 the 5 model
4 bde 5 model
5 model 14 and
6 performed 7 best
6 performed 14 and
7 best 8 for
8 for 10 estimation
9 the 10 estimation
10 estimation 11 of
11 of 13 clearance
12 remifentanil 13 clearance
14 and 15 is
15 is 20 value
16 realistic 17 and
17 and 19 practical
17 and 20 value

further investigation should be conducted for such models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 further 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 for
6 for 8 models
7 such 8 models

bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) has been used to estimate skeletal muscle [mass] , but its application in the elderly is not optimal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 bioelectrical 3 analysis
2 impedance 3 analysis
3 analysis 5 bia
3 analysis 7 has
4 ( 5 bia
5 bia 6 )
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 estimate
10 to 11 estimate
11 estimate 13 muscle
12 skeletal 13 muscle
15 , 16 but
16 but 18 application
16 but 22 is
17 its 18 application
18 application 19 in
18 application 22 is
19 in 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly
22 is 23 not
22 is 24 optimal
23 not 24 optimal

the accuracy of bia may be influenced by the expansion of extracellular water ( ecw ) relative to [muscle] mass with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 accuracy
2 accuracy 3 of
2 accuracy 5 may
3 of 4 bia
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 influenced
7 influenced 8 by
7 influenced 17 relative
8 by 10 expansion
9 the 10 expansion
10 expansion 11 of
11 of 13 water
12 extracellular 13 water
13 water 15 ecw
14 ( 15 ecw
15 ecw 16 )
17 relative 18 to
17 relative 22 aging
18 to 20 mass
20 mass 21 with
21 with 22 aging

multifrequency bia ( mfbia ) can evaluate the distribution between ecw and intracellular water ( icw ) , and thus may be superior to single - frequency bia ( sfbia ) to estimate muscle [mass] in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 multifrequency 2 bia
2 bia 4 mfbia
2 bia 19 and
3 ( 4 mfbia
4 mfbia 5 )
6 can 7 evaluate
6 can 19 and
7 evaluate 9 distribution
7 evaluate 10 between
8 the 9 distribution
10 between 12 and
11 ecw 12 and
12 and 14 water
12 and 16 icw
13 intracellular 14 water
15 ( 16 icw
16 icw 17 )
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 may
20 thus 21 may
21 may 22 be
22 be 23 superior
23 superior 24 to
23 superior 32 to
23 superior 33 estimate
24 to 28 bia
25 single 26 -
25 single 27 frequency
27 frequency 28 bia
28 bia 30 sfbia
29 ( 30 sfbia
30 sfbia 31 )
32 to 33 estimate
33 estimate 34 muscle
33 estimate 36 in
36 in 38 elderly
37 the 38 elderly

a total of 58 elderly participants aged 65 - 85 years were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 7 aged
3 of 6 participants
4 58 6 participants
5 elderly 6 participants
7 aged 9 -
8 65 9 -
9 - 10 85
10 85 11 years
11 years 12 were
12 were 13 recruited

muscle cross - sectional area ( csa ) was obtained from computed tomography [scans] at the mid - thigh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 muscle 2 cross
3 - 5 area
3 - 10 obtained
3 - 20 .
4 sectional 5 area
5 area 7 csa
5 area 9 was
6 ( 7 csa
7 csa 8 )
9 was 10 obtained
10 obtained 11 from
10 obtained 15 at
11 from 13 tomography
12 computed 13 tomography
15 at 19 thigh
16 the 19 thigh
17 mid 18 -
17 mid 19 thigh

segmental sfbia and mfbia were measured for the upper legs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 segmental 2 sfbia
2 sfbia 3 and
3 and 4 mfbia
3 and 5 were
5 were 6 measured
6 measured 7 for
7 for 10 legs
8 the 10 legs
9 upper 10 legs

an index of the ratio of ecw and icw was calculated using mfbia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 an 2 index
2 index 3 of
2 index 6 of
2 index 10 was
3 of 5 ratio
4 the 5 ratio
6 of 8 and
7 ecw 8 and
8 and 9 icw
10 was 11 calculated
11 calculated 12 using
12 using 13 mfbia

the correlation between muscle csa and sfbia was moderate ( r = 0.68 ) , but strong between muscle csa and mfbia ( r = 0.85 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 between
2 correlation 8 was
3 between 6 and
4 muscle 5 csa
5 csa 6 and
6 and 7 sfbia
8 was 22 mfbia
9 moderate 12 =
9 moderate 16 but
10 ( 12 =
11 r 12 =
12 = 13 0.68
12 = 14 )
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 strong
16 but 22 mfbia
17 strong 18 between
18 between 19 muscle
20 csa 21 and
21 and 22 mfbia
22 mfbia 25 =
23 ( 25 =
24 r 25 =
25 = 26 0.85
25 = 27 )

ecw/icw [index] was significantly and positively correlated with age ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ecw/icw
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ecw/icw 5 and
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 and
5 and 7 correlated
5 and 8 with
6 positively 7 correlated
8 with 9 age
9 age 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.001
12 < 14 )

sfbia tends to significantly overestimate muscle csa in subjects who had relative expansion of ecw in the thigh segment ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sfbia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 sfbia 2 tends
2 tends 3 to
2 tends 5 overestimate
3 to 5 overestimate
4 significantly 5 overestimate
5 overestimate 7 csa
5 overestimate 8 in
6 muscle 7 csa
8 in 9 subjects
9 subjects 10 who
9 subjects 11 had
10 who 11 had
11 had 13 expansion
11 had 16 in
12 relative 13 expansion
13 expansion 14 of
14 of 15 ecw
16 in 19 segment
17 the 19 segment
18 thigh 19 segment
19 segment 22 <
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.001
22 < 24 )

this trend was not observed for mfbia ( p = 0.42 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 trend
2 trend 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 6 for
4 not 5 observed
6 for 7 mfbia
7 mfbia 10 =
8 ( 10 =
9 p 10 =
10 = 11 0.42
10 = 12 )

relative expansion of ecw was observed in older participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expansion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 relative 2 expansion
2 expansion 3 of
2 expansion 5 was
3 of 4 ecw
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 7 in
7 in 9 participants
8 older 9 participants

the relative expansion of ecw affects the validity of traditional sfbia , which is lowered when estimating muscle csa in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expansion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 affects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 expansion
2 relative 3 expansion
3 expansion 4 of
3 expansion 6 affects
4 of 5 ecw
6 affects 8 validity
7 the 8 validity
8 validity 9 of
9 of 11 sfbia
10 traditional 11 sfbia
12 , 13 which
12 , 15 lowered
13 which 14 is
14 is 15 lowered
15 lowered 16 when
16 when 17 estimating
17 estimating 19 csa
17 estimating 20 in
18 muscle 19 csa
20 in 22 elderly
21 the 22 elderly

by contrast , mfbia was not affected by water distribution in thigh segments , thus rendering the validity of mfbia for estimating thigh muscle csa higher than sfbia in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mfbia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 affected
1 by 2 contrast
1 by 3 ,
1 by 4 mfbia
4 mfbia 5 was
5 was 6 not
5 was 7 affected
7 affected 8 by
7 affected 11 in
8 by 10 distribution
9 water 10 distribution
11 in 13 segments
12 thigh 13 segments
13 segments 16 rendering
14 , 16 rendering
15 thus 16 rendering
16 rendering 18 validity
16 rendering 21 for
16 rendering 26 higher
16 rendering 27 than
16 rendering 32 .
17 the 18 validity
18 validity 19 of
19 of 20 mfbia
21 for 22 estimating
22 estimating 25 csa
23 thigh 24 muscle
24 muscle 25 csa
27 than 28 sfbia
27 than 29 in
29 in 31 elderly
30 the 31 elderly

background : despite the availability of effective preventive and curative medications for osteoporosis , and guidelines for its diagnosis and management , few individuals are treated for osteoporosis , even among those who have already had a fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 despite
2 : 12 for
3 despite 5 availability
4 the 5 availability
5 availability 6 of
6 of 11 medications
7 effective 11 medications
8 preventive 9 and
9 and 10 curative
9 and 11 medications
12 for 20 and
13 osteoporosis 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 guidelines
15 and 17 for
15 and 20 and
17 for 19 diagnosis
18 its 19 diagnosis
20 and 21 management
22 , 24 individuals
22 , 29 ,
23 few 24 individuals
24 individuals 25 are
25 are 29 ,
26 treated 27 for
26 treated 29 ,
27 for 28 osteoporosis
29 , 30 even
29 , 31 among
31 among 32 those
32 those 33 who
32 those 34 have
33 who 34 have
34 have 36 had
35 already 36 had
36 had 38 fracture
37 a 38 fracture

objectives : our objective was to describe the patterns of use of medication for osteoporosis , i.e [.] , calcium supplements [,] vitamin d supplements , and specific anti - osteoporotic drugs , such as bisphosphonates , in a large sample of french older women living at home , [and] to identify individual factors associated with use of these medications overall and [in] two specific clinical situations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
2 : 4 objective
3 our 4 objective
4 objective 5 was
5 was 6 to
6 to 7 describe
7 describe 9 patterns
8 the 9 patterns
9 patterns 10 of
9 patterns 12 of
9 patterns 20 calcium
9 patterns 21 supplements
10 of 11 use
12 of 13 medication
13 medication 14 for
14 for 15 osteoporosis
15 osteoporosis 17 i.e
16 , 17 i.e
17 i.e 19 ,
20 calcium 21 supplements
21 supplements 27 and
23 vitamin 24 d
23 vitamin 25 supplements
25 supplements 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 specific
27 and 37 ,
27 and 38 in
29 anti 30 -
29 anti 32 drugs
31 osteoporotic 32 drugs
32 drugs 35 as
33 , 35 as
34 such 35 as
35 as 36 bisphosphonates
35 as 37 ,
38 in 46 living
39 a 40 large
39 a 46 living
40 large 41 sample
41 sample 42 of
42 of 43 french
44 older 45 women
45 women 46 living
46 living 47 at
46 living 55 associated
47 at 48 home
48 home 51 to
49 , 51 to
51 to 52 identify
52 identify 54 factors
53 individual 54 factors
55 associated 56 with
56 with 57 use
56 with 62 and
57 use 58 of
58 of 60 medications
59 these 60 medications
61 overall 62 and
62 and 67 situations
62 and 68 .
64 two 67 situations
65 specific 67 situations
66 clinical 67 situations

methods : cross - sectional analysis of data from 4,221 women aged 75 - 85 years who participated in a balance and mobility examination as part of the screening procedure for the ossébo study , a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of exercise for the prevention of fall - related injuries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 16 years
3 cross 6 analysis
3 cross 16 years
4 - 6 analysis
5 sectional 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
6 analysis 14 -
7 of 8 data
8 data 9 from
8 data 12 aged
9 from 11 women
10 4,221 11 women
12 aged 13 75
15 85 16 years
16 years 17 who
16 years 18 participated
17 who 18 participated
18 participated 19 in
18 participated 25 as
18 participated 31 for
19 in 22 and
20 a 21 balance
21 balance 22 and
22 and 24 examination
23 mobility 24 examination
25 as 30 procedure
26 part 27 of
26 part 30 procedure
27 of 30 procedure
28 the 30 procedure
29 screening 30 procedure
31 for 34 study
32 the 34 study
33 ossébo 34 study
34 study 39 trial
35 , 39 trial
36 a 39 trial
37 randomized 39 trial
38 controlled 39 trial
39 trial 40 testing
39 trial 50 -
40 testing 42 effectiveness
40 testing 45 for
41 the 42 effectiveness
42 effectiveness 43 of
43 of 44 exercise
45 for 47 prevention
46 the 47 prevention
47 prevention 48 of
48 of 49 fall
50 - 51 related
51 related 52 injuries

electoral rolls were used to invite women in 16 towns [to] [participate] ( participation rate 10.3 [%] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rolls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 electoral 2 rolls
2 rolls 3 were
3 were 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 invite
5 to 6 invite
6 invite 7 women
6 invite 8 in
8 in 10 towns
9 16 10 towns
10 towns 15 rate
13 ( 15 rate
14 participation 15 rate
15 rate 16 10.3
15 rate 18 )

information collected through questionnaires included current medication use and , in particular , use of osteoporosis medications ( specific osteoporosis drugs , calcium and vitamin d supplementation ) in the past 6 months , and history [of] fracture since the age of 50 , including fracture locations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 information 2 collected
1 information 5 included
2 collected 3 through
3 through 4 questionnaires
5 included 8 use
6 current 7 medication
7 medication 8 use
9 and 10 ,
9 and 24 and
9 and 38 fracture
10 , 11 in
11 in 14 use
11 in 22 ,
11 in 24 and
12 particular 13 ,
12 particular 14 use
14 use 15 of
14 use 21 drugs
15 of 17 medications
16 osteoporosis 17 medications
18 ( 21 drugs
19 specific 20 osteoporosis
20 osteoporosis 21 drugs
21 drugs 22 ,
23 calcium 24 and
24 and 27 supplementation
24 and 28 )
24 and 29 in
24 and 38 fracture
25 vitamin 26 d
25 vitamin 27 supplementation
29 in 35 and
30 the 31 past
30 the 32 6
32 6 33 months
33 months 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 history
38 fracture 39 since
38 fracture 45 including
39 since 41 age
40 the 41 age
41 age 42 of
42 of 43 50
44 , 45 including
45 including 47 locations
45 including 48 .
46 fracture 47 locations

fractures were categorized in three groups : no fracture , major osteoporotic [fracture] ( hip , humerus , wrist , pelvis , and vertebra ) , and other fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 fractures 2 were
2 were 3 categorized
3 categorized 4 in
4 in 6 groups
5 three 6 groups
7 : 27 and
7 : 29 fracture
7 : 30 .
8 no 9 fracture
9 fracture 10 ,
10 , 19 wrist
10 , 20 ,
11 major 19 wrist
12 osteoporotic 17 humerus
12 osteoporotic 18 ,
12 osteoporotic 19 wrist
14 ( 17 humerus
15 hip 16 ,
15 hip 17 humerus
17 humerus 18 ,
20 , 21 pelvis
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 vertebra
23 and 25 )
23 and 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 other
27 and 29 fracture

results : nearly 48 % of the participants reported they did not take calcium or vitamin d supplements or any specific osteoporosis drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 %
2 : 9 reported
3 nearly 4 48
4 48 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 9 reported
6 of 8 participants
7 the 8 participants
9 reported 10 they
9 reported 13 take
10 they 11 did
11 did 12 not
11 did 13 take
13 take 15 or
14 calcium 15 or
15 or 23 drugs
16 vitamin 17 d
16 vitamin 18 supplements
18 supplements 19 or
19 or 22 osteoporosis
19 or 23 drugs
20 any 22 osteoporosis
21 specific 22 osteoporosis

of the 2,133 women who reported using osteoporosis medication , 85 % used vitamin d supplements ( 25 % as the sole medication against this disease ) , 59 % calcium supplements , and 42 % [a] specific anti - osteoporotic drug ( 75 % of them combining it with vitamin d supplementation ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 of 4 women
1 of 10 ,
1 of 12 %
2 the 3 2,133
3 2,133 4 women
4 women 5 who
4 women 6 reported
5 who 6 reported
6 reported 7 using
6 reported 9 medication
7 using 8 osteoporosis
11 85 12 %
12 % 13 used
13 used 16 supplements
14 vitamin 15 d
14 vitamin 16 supplements
16 supplements 19 %
17 ( 19 %
18 25 19 %
19 % 20 as
19 % 24 against
19 % 27 )
20 as 23 medication
21 the 22 sole
21 the 23 medication
24 against 26 disease
25 this 26 disease
28 , 34 and
29 59 32 supplements
30 % 31 calcium
31 calcium 32 supplements
32 supplements 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 42 drug
34 and 45 %
35 42 36 %
36 % 42 drug
38 specific 42 drug
39 anti 40 -
39 anti 42 drug
41 osteoporotic 42 drug
43 ( 45 %
44 75 45 %
45 % 46 of
45 % 48 combining
45 % 54 )
46 of 47 them
48 combining 49 it
48 combining 50 with
50 with 53 supplementation
51 vitamin 52 d
51 vitamin 53 supplementation

the use of any osteoporosis medication was significantly associated ( p < 0.001 ) with a history of a major osteoporotic fracture , lower weight , dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) bone - density measurement in the past 5 years , a cancer - screening examination in the past 5 years , and a positive attitude toward medication use in general . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 6 medication
2 use 7 was
2 use 9 associated
3 of 5 osteoporosis
4 any 5 osteoporosis
6 medication 7 was
7 was 8 significantly
9 associated 12 <
9 associated 15 with
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.001
12 < 14 )
15 with 17 history
16 a 17 history
17 history 18 of
18 of 22 fracture
19 a 20 major
19 a 22 fracture
20 major 22 fracture
21 osteoporotic 22 fracture
23 , 24 lower
23 , 31 -
24 lower 25 weight
25 weight 29 energy
26 , 29 energy
27 dual 28 -
27 dual 29 energy
29 energy 30 x
29 energy 31 -
31 - 37 bone
31 - 38 -
31 - 67 .
32 ray 37 bone
33 absorptiometry 35 dxa
33 absorptiometry 37 bone
34 ( 35 dxa
35 dxa 36 )
38 - 40 measurement
39 density 40 measurement
40 measurement 41 in
40 measurement 50 screening
41 in 45 years
42 the 45 years
43 past 45 years
44 5 45 years
45 years 48 cancer
46 , 48 cancer
47 a 48 cancer
48 cancer 49 -
50 screening 51 examination
50 screening 52 in
50 screening 62 toward
52 in 58 and
53 the 54 past
53 the 55 5
55 5 56 years
56 years 58 and
57 , 58 and
58 and 61 attitude
59 a 60 positive
59 a 61 attitude
60 positive 61 attitude
62 toward 64 use
63 medication 64 use
64 use 66 general
65 in 66 general

living alone was associated with [a] lower likelihood of using a specific anti - osteoporotic drug , and a higher education level was associated with [a] higher likelihood of vitamin d supplementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 living
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 living 2 alone
1 living 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 likelihood
7 lower 8 likelihood
8 likelihood 9 of
9 of 10 using
10 using 16 drug
11 a 12 specific
11 a 16 drug
12 specific 16 drug
13 anti 14 -
13 anti 16 drug
15 osteoporotic 16 drug
17 , 18 and
18 and 22 level
18 and 24 associated
19 a 22 level
20 higher 21 education
21 education 22 level
22 level 23 was
23 was 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 28 likelihood
27 higher 28 likelihood
28 likelihood 29 of
29 of 32 supplementation
30 vitamin 31 d
30 vitamin 32 supplementation

of the 1,553 women who had already had a major osteoporotic fracture , one - third ( 34.8 % ) were not taking any osteoporosis medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 of 3 1,553
1 of 4 women
2 the 3 1,553
4 women 5 who
4 women 6 had
4 women 19 %
4 women 21 were
5 who 6 had
6 had 8 had
7 already 8 had
8 had 12 fracture
8 had 16 third
9 a 10 major
9 a 12 fracture
10 major 12 fracture
11 osteoporotic 12 fracture
12 fracture 14 one
13 , 14 one
14 one 15 -
17 ( 19 %
18 34.8 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 were 22 not
21 were 23 taking
23 taking 26 medication
24 any 26 medication
25 osteoporosis 26 medication

in this subgroup , use of this medication was associated with the same factors as in the overall study population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 subgroup
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 use
2 this 3 subgroup
5 use 6 of
5 use 9 was
6 of 8 medication
7 this 8 medication
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 15 as
11 with 14 factors
12 the 13 same
13 same 14 factors
15 as 16 in
16 in 20 population
17 the 20 population
18 overall 19 study
19 study 20 population

in particular , neither older age nor a history of [falls] in the previous 12 months was associated with [a] higher likelihood of using osteoporosis medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 particular
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 particular
3 , 7 nor
3 , 18 associated
4 neither 7 nor
5 older 6 age
6 age 7 nor
7 nor 9 history
7 nor 17 was
8 a 9 history
9 history 10 of
10 of 12 in
12 in 16 months
13 the 14 previous
13 the 15 12
15 12 16 months
17 was 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 22 likelihood
19 with 26 medication
21 higher 22 likelihood
22 likelihood 23 of
23 of 24 using
24 using 25 osteoporosis

among the 909 women who reported using a specific osteoporosis drug , vitamin d use was associated with a higher educational level and a more frequent preventive attitude . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 among 4 women
1 among 12 ,
1 among 15 use
2 the 3 909
3 909 4 women
4 women 5 who
4 women 6 reported
5 who 6 reported
6 reported 7 using
7 using 11 drug
8 a 9 specific
8 a 11 drug
9 specific 10 osteoporosis
10 osteoporosis 11 drug
13 vitamin 14 d
13 vitamin 15 use
15 use 16 was
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 23 and
19 a 22 level
20 higher 22 level
21 educational 22 level
22 level 23 and
23 and 28 attitude
24 a 28 attitude
25 more 26 frequent
26 frequent 28 attitude
27 preventive 28 attitude

conclusion : in france , as in other western countries , women aged 75 years [and] [over] are not managed according to guidelines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 france
2 : 5 ,
3 in 4 france
5 , 15 years
5 , 18 are
6 as 12 women
6 as 13 aged
6 as 15 years
7 in 10 countries
7 in 11 ,
7 in 12 women
8 other 10 countries
9 western 10 countries
12 women 13 aged
14 75 15 years
15 years 18 are
18 are 19 not
18 are 22 to
19 not 20 managed
21 according 22 to
22 to 23 guidelines

further studies should address the barriers encountered in improving quality of care in osteoporosis management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 address
4 address 6 barriers
5 the 6 barriers
6 barriers 7 encountered
7 encountered 8 in
8 in 9 improving
9 improving 10 quality
9 improving 13 in
10 quality 11 of
11 of 12 care
13 in 15 management
14 osteoporosis 15 management

since the earliest descriptions of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , many theories have been advanced as to its cause . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 theories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 since 4 descriptions
1 since 12 ,
1 since 14 theories
2 the 3 earliest
2 the 4 descriptions
4 descriptions 5 of
5 of 8 disease
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 10 ad
9 ( 10 ad
10 ad 11 )
13 many 14 theories
14 theories 15 have
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 advanced
17 advanced 19 to
18 as 19 to
19 to 21 cause
20 its 21 cause

the consequent degeneration of neurons and blood vessels results in the formation of abnormally aggregated ['] reactive ['] proteins such as β - amyloid ( aβ ) and tau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 degeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 degeneration
2 consequent 3 degeneration
3 degeneration 4 of
3 degeneration 9 results
4 of 6 and
5 neurons 6 and
6 and 8 vessels
7 blood 8 vessels
9 results 10 in
10 in 12 formation
11 the 12 formation
12 formation 13 of
13 of 28 and
14 abnormally 15 aggregated
15 aggregated 19 proteins
17 reactive 19 proteins
19 proteins 21 as
19 proteins 28 and
20 such 21 as
21 as 24 amyloid
22 β 23 -
22 β 24 amyloid
24 amyloid 26 aβ
25 ( 26 aβ
26 aβ 27 )
28 and 29 tau

gene mutations influence the outcome of age - related neuronal degeneration to cause early onset familial ad ( eo - fad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 gene 2 mutations
2 mutations 3 influence
3 influence 5 outcome
4 the 5 outcome
5 outcome 6 of
6 of 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 11 degeneration
9 related 12 to
9 related 22 )
10 neuronal 11 degeneration
12 to 21 fad
13 cause 21 fad
14 early 15 onset
15 onset 21 fad
16 familial 21 fad
17 ad 19 eo
18 ( 19 eo
19 eo 20 -
19 eo 21 fad

where gene mutations are absent and a combination of risk factors present , aβ and tau only slowly accumulate not overwhelming cellular protection systems until later [in] life causing late - onset sporadic ad ( lo - sad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 where
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 where 3 mutations
1 where 10 risk
2 gene 3 mutations
3 mutations 4 are
3 mutations 9 of
3 mutations 10 risk
4 are 6 and
5 absent 6 and
6 and 8 combination
6 and 9 of
7 a 8 combination
10 risk 11 factors
10 risk 25 until
11 factors 15 and
11 factors 19 accumulate
11 factors 20 not
12 present 13 ,
13 , 14 aβ
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 tau
15 and 19 accumulate
17 only 19 accumulate
18 slowly 19 accumulate
20 not 21 overwhelming
21 overwhelming 24 systems
22 cellular 23 protection
23 protection 24 systems
25 until 28 life
26 later 28 life
28 life 29 causing
28 life 36 lo
29 causing 34 ad
30 late 31 -
30 late 32 onset
32 onset 34 ad
33 sporadic 34 ad
35 ( 36 lo
36 lo 38 sad
36 lo 39 )
37 - 38 sad
38 sad 39 )

aβ and tau spread through the brain via cell [to] cell transfer along anatomical pathways , variation in the pathways of spread leading to the disease heterogeneity characteristic of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 spread
1 aβ 2 and
2 and 3 tau
2 and 4 spread
4 spread 5 through
4 spread 8 via
4 spread 13 along
5 through 7 brain
6 the 7 brain
8 via 12 transfer
9 cell 12 transfer
11 cell 12 transfer
13 along 15 pathways
14 anatomical 15 pathways
15 pathways 17 variation
16 , 17 variation
17 variation 18 in
17 variation 21 of
17 variation 31 .
18 in 20 pathways
19 the 20 pathways
21 of 23 leading
22 spread 23 leading
23 leading 24 to
24 to 28 characteristic
25 the 28 characteristic
26 disease 28 characteristic
27 heterogeneity 28 characteristic
28 characteristic 29 of
29 of 30 ad

cellular senescence , a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest , is a robust mechanism used to mediate tumor suppression and control the tissue damage response following short - term insults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 5 state
2 senescence 12 is
3 , 5 state
4 a 5 state
5 state 6 of
5 state 11 ,
6 of 10 arrest
7 irreversible 8 cell
8 cell 10 arrest
9 cycle 10 arrest
12 is 15 mechanism
12 is 17 to
13 a 14 robust
13 a 15 mechanism
14 robust 15 mechanism
15 mechanism 16 used
17 to 21 and
18 mediate 20 suppression
18 mediate 21 and
19 tumor 20 suppression
21 and 22 control
22 control 26 response
23 the 26 response
24 tissue 26 response
25 damage 26 response
26 response 27 following
27 following 31 insults
28 short 29 -
28 short 30 term
30 term 31 insults

in addition , the senescence associated - secretory [phenotype] ( sasp ) , one of the most profound characteristics of the senescence program , facilitates the immunosurveillance of senescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 facilitates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 senescence
4 the 5 senescence
5 senescence 6 associated
5 senescence 11 sasp
5 senescence 14 one
5 senescence 25 facilitates
6 associated 7 -
6 associated 8 secretory
10 ( 11 sasp
11 sasp 12 )
13 , 14 one
14 one 15 of
14 one 24 ,
15 of 19 characteristics
16 the 17 most
17 most 19 characteristics
18 profound 19 characteristics
19 characteristics 20 of
20 of 23 program
21 the 23 program
22 senescence 23 program
25 facilitates 27 immunosurveillance
26 the 27 immunosurveillance
27 immunosurveillance 28 of
28 of 30 cells
29 senescent 30 cells

the sasp includes many chemokines , cytokines and adhesion molecules that can recruit and activate distinct immune cells from both the innate and adaptive immune system such as nk cells , monocytes/macrophages and t cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sasp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 sasp
2 sasp 3 includes
3 includes 5 chemokines
4 many 5 chemokines
6 , 8 and
7 cytokines 8 and
8 and 10 molecules
8 and 11 that
8 and 14 and
8 and 19 from
9 adhesion 10 molecules
11 that 14 and
12 can 13 recruit
12 can 14 and
14 and 15 activate
15 activate 18 cells
16 distinct 18 cells
17 immune 18 cells
19 from 23 and
20 both 23 and
21 the 22 innate
22 innate 23 and
23 and 26 system
23 and 28 as
24 adaptive 26 system
25 immune 26 system
27 such 28 as
28 as 35 cells
29 nk 30 cells
30 cells 31 ,
31 , 32 monocytes/macrophages
31 , 33 and
33 and 34 t
33 and 35 cells

furthermore , senescent cells can upregulate specific immune [ligands] on their cell surface that can mediate the recognition of these cells by specific immune cell subsets and lead to activation of the immune cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 upregulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 cells
3 senescent 4 cells
4 cells 5 can
5 can 6 upregulate
6 upregulate 27 and
6 upregulate 29 to
7 specific 8 immune
7 specific 27 and
8 immune 10 on
8 immune 22 by
10 on 13 surface
11 their 13 surface
12 cell 13 surface
13 surface 14 that
13 surface 15 can
14 that 15 can
15 can 16 mediate
16 mediate 18 recognition
17 the 18 recognition
18 recognition 19 of
19 of 21 cells
20 these 21 cells
22 by 26 subsets
23 specific 26 subsets
24 immune 25 cell
25 cell 26 subsets
27 and 28 lead
29 to 30 activation
30 activation 31 of
31 of 34 cells
32 the 34 cells
33 immune 34 cells

consequently , the activated immune cells engage explicit regulatory mechanisms to eliminate senescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 engage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 6 cells
3 the 6 cells
4 activated 6 cells
5 immune 6 cells
6 cells 7 engage
7 engage 10 mechanisms
7 engage 11 to
8 explicit 10 mechanisms
9 regulatory 10 mechanisms
11 to 12 eliminate
12 eliminate 14 cells
13 senescent 14 cells

for example , recent work from our laboratory showed that perforin - granzyme exocytosis [mediates] nk - cell killing of senescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 5 work
4 recent 5 work
5 work 6 from
5 work 9 showed
6 from 8 laboratory
7 our 8 laboratory
9 showed 11 perforin
9 showed 19 killing
10 that 11 perforin
11 perforin 16 nk
12 - 16 nk
13 granzyme 14 exocytosis
14 exocytosis 16 nk
16 nk 17 -
18 cell 19 killing
19 killing 20 of
20 of 22 cells
21 senescent 22 cells

here , we summarize the current advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying specific immune - mediated elimination of senescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 summarize
4 summarize 7 advances
4 summarize 8 in
5 the 7 advances
6 current 7 advances
8 in 10 knowledge
9 our 10 knowledge
10 knowledge 11 of
11 of 13 mechanisms
12 the 13 mechanisms
13 mechanisms 14 underlying
14 underlying 19 elimination
15 specific 19 elimination
16 immune 17 -
16 immune 19 elimination
18 mediated 19 elimination
19 elimination 20 of
20 of 22 cells
21 senescent 22 cells

the negative relation between metabolism and life span is a fundamental gerontological discovery well documented in a variety of ontogenetic and phylogenetic models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 relation
2 negative 3 relation
3 relation 4 between
3 relation 9 is
4 between 6 and
5 metabolism 6 and
6 and 8 span
7 life 8 span
9 is 13 discovery
10 a 13 discovery
11 fundamental 13 discovery
12 gerontological 13 discovery
13 discovery 15 documented
13 discovery 19 of
14 well 15 documented
15 documented 16 in
16 in 18 variety
17 a 18 variety
19 of 21 and
20 ontogenetic 21 and
21 and 23 models
22 phylogenetic 23 models

but [how] the long [-] lived species and populations [sustain] lower metabolic rate [and] , in more general terms , what is the efficient way to decline the metabolism ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 lived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ?
1 but 4 long
1 but 6 lived
3 the 4 long
6 lived 8 and
7 species 8 and
8 and 13 rate
8 and 16 in
9 populations 13 rate
11 lower 13 rate
12 metabolic 13 rate
15 , 16 in
16 in 19 terms
16 in 20 ,
17 more 19 terms
18 general 19 terms
20 , 21 what
20 , 22 is
21 what 22 is
22 is 25 way
23 the 25 way
24 efficient 25 way
25 way 26 to
25 way 27 decline
26 to 27 decline
27 decline 29 metabolism
28 the 29 metabolism

the suggested ['] pull and push back ['] hypothesis assumes that decreased po2 ( hypoxia ) and/or increased [[] formula : see text []] ( hypercapnia ) may create preconditions for the [declined] metabolic and aging rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pull
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 see
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 4 pull
2 suggested 4 pull
5 and 9 hypothesis
5 and 10 assumes
6 push 7 back
7 back 9 hypothesis
9 hypothesis 10 assumes
10 assumes 11 that
10 assumes 12 decreased
11 that 12 decreased
12 decreased 13 po2
12 decreased 17 and/or
13 po2 15 hypoxia
14 ( 15 hypoxia
15 hypoxia 16 )
17 and/or 20 formula
18 increased 20 formula
20 formula 21 :
21 : 22 see
22 see 23 text
22 see 29 create
23 text 26 hypercapnia
23 text 28 may
25 ( 26 hypercapnia
26 hypercapnia 27 )
28 may 29 create
29 create 35 and
30 preconditions 31 for
30 preconditions 35 and
31 for 34 metabolic
32 the 34 metabolic
35 and 37 rates
36 aging 37 rates

however , wider implementation of such ideas [is] compromised because of little advances in modification of the metabolic rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 implementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 compromised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 implementation
3 wider 4 implementation
4 implementation 5 of
4 implementation 9 compromised
5 of 7 ideas
6 such 7 ideas
9 compromised 10 because
9 compromised 14 in
10 because 11 of
11 of 13 advances
12 little 13 advances
14 in 15 modification
15 modification 16 of
16 of 19 rate
17 the 19 rate
18 metabolic 19 rate

artificial atmosphere [with] controlled [[] formula : see text []] and [[] formula : see text []] could be a promising approach because of the minimal external invasions and involvement of [the] backward and forward [loops] ensuring physiological self - regulation of the metabolic perturbations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 formula
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 artificial 6 formula
2 atmosphere 4 controlled
4 controlled 6 formula
6 formula 7 :
7 : 11 and
8 see 9 text
8 see 11 and
11 and 15 see
11 and 23 because
13 formula 14 :
14 : 15 see
15 see 16 text
15 see 19 be
16 text 18 could
18 could 19 be
19 be 22 approach
20 a 21 promising
20 a 22 approach
21 promising 22 approach
23 because 24 of
24 of 34 and
25 the 28 invasions
26 minimal 28 invasions
27 external 28 invasions
28 invasions 29 and
29 and 30 involvement
29 and 31 of
29 and 34 and
31 of 33 backward
34 and 39 self
34 and 41 regulation
35 forward 39 self
37 ensuring 39 self
38 physiological 39 self
40 - 41 regulation
41 regulation 42 of
41 regulation 46 .
42 of 45 perturbations
43 the 45 perturbations
44 metabolic 45 perturbations

general considerations and existing data indicate [that] manipulations of [ formula : see text []] may be more efficient in life span extension than [[] formula : see text []] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 general 2 considerations
2 considerations 3 and
3 and 4 existing
3 and 5 data
3 and 9 of
3 and 11 formula
5 data 6 indicate
6 indicate 8 manipulations
8 manipulations 9 of
10 [ 11 formula
11 formula 12 :
12 : 13 see
12 : 27 :
13 see 14 text
13 see 17 be
14 text 16 may
16 may 17 be
17 be 19 efficient
18 more 19 efficient
19 efficient 20 in
19 efficient 24 than
20 in 23 extension
21 life 23 extension
22 span 23 extension
24 than 26 formula
27 : 28 see
27 : 31 .
28 see 29 text

thus , maximum life [span] of mammals positively correlates with the blood [ formula : see text []] and hco3 [(] - [ )(but not with [[] formula : see text []] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 life
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 life
3 maximum 4 life
4 life 6 of
4 life 9 correlates
6 of 7 mammals
8 positively 9 correlates
9 correlates 10 with
10 with 12 blood
11 the 12 blood
12 blood 14 formula
13 [ 14 formula
14 formula 15 :
15 : 16 see
15 : 29 :
16 see 19 and
16 see 24 )(but
16 see 26 with
17 text 19 and
19 and 20 hco3
19 and 22 -
24 )(but 25 not
26 with 28 formula
29 : 30 see
29 : 33 .
30 see 31 text

yet , [proportional] decease [of] the body [ formula : see text []] and increase of [[] formula : see [text] []] [seems] the most optimal regime ensuring lower losses of the energy equivalents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 4 decease
4 decease 7 body
6 the 7 body
7 body 9 formula
8 [ 9 formula
9 formula 10 :
10 : 11 see
10 : 19 :
11 see 14 and
12 text 14 and
14 and 15 increase
14 and 16 of
16 of 18 formula
19 : 20 see
19 : 35 .
20 see 27 regime
24 the 27 regime
25 most 26 optimal
26 optimal 27 regime
27 regime 28 ensuring
28 ensuring 30 losses
29 lower 30 losses
30 losses 31 of
31 of 34 equivalents
32 the 34 equivalents
33 energy 34 equivalents

furthermore , especially rewarding results could be expected when such changes are modeled without major external invasions using the animals ' inner capacity to consume o2 and generate co2 , as it is typical for the extreme longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rewarding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 rewarding
3 especially 4 rewarding
4 rewarding 5 results
4 rewarding 7 be
4 rewarding 8 expected
5 results 6 could
6 could 7 be
8 expected 9 when
8 expected 18 using
8 expected 38 longevity
9 when 11 changes
9 when 13 modeled
10 such 11 changes
11 changes 12 are
12 are 13 modeled
13 modeled 14 without
14 without 17 invasions
15 major 17 invasions
16 external 17 invasions
18 using 23 capacity
19 the 20 animals
20 animals 21 '
21 ' 23 capacity
22 inner 23 capacity
23 capacity 24 to
23 capacity 27 and
24 to 27 and
25 consume 26 o2
25 consume 27 and
27 and 28 generate
27 and 35 for
28 generate 29 co2
30 , 31 as
31 as 32 it
31 as 33 is
32 it 33 is
33 is 34 typical
34 typical 35 for
36 the 38 longevity
37 extreme 38 longevity

although epigenetic aberrations frequently occur in aging and cancer and form a core component of these conditions , perhaps the most useful aspect of epigenetic processes is that [they] [are] readily reversible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 aspect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 although 3 aberrations
1 although 10 and
1 although 23 aspect
2 epigenetic 3 aberrations
3 aberrations 10 and
4 frequently 5 occur
5 occur 6 in
5 occur 10 and
6 in 8 and
7 aging 8 and
8 and 9 cancer
10 and 11 form
10 and 14 component
12 a 14 component
13 core 14 component
15 of 17 conditions
15 of 18 ,
15 of 23 aspect
16 these 17 conditions
19 perhaps 23 aspect
20 the 23 aspect
21 most 22 useful
22 useful 23 aspect
23 aspect 24 of
23 aspect 27 is
24 of 26 processes
25 epigenetic 26 processes
27 is 31 readily
27 is 32 reversible
28 that 31 readily

unlike genetic effects that also play a role in cancer and aging , epigenetic aberrations can be relatively easily corrected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 aberrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 corrected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 unlike 3 effects
1 unlike 13 ,
1 unlike 15 aberrations
2 genetic 3 effects
3 effects 4 that
3 effects 6 play
4 that 6 play
5 also 6 play
6 play 8 role
6 play 9 in
7 a 8 role
9 in 11 and
10 cancer 11 and
11 and 12 aging
14 epigenetic 15 aberrations
15 aberrations 16 can
16 can 17 be
17 be 19 easily
17 be 20 corrected
18 relatively 19 easily

one of the most widespread approaches to the epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging is dietary control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 15 is
2 of 6 approaches
3 the 4 most
4 most 6 approaches
5 widespread 6 approaches
6 approaches 7 to
7 to 10 alterations
8 the 10 alterations
9 epigenetic 10 alterations
10 alterations 11 in
11 in 13 and
12 cancer 13 and
13 and 14 aging
15 is 17 control
16 dietary 17 control

this can be achieved [not] only through the quality of the diet , but also through the quantity of calories that are consumed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 achieved
4 achieved 6 only
6 only 14 but
7 through 9 quality
7 through 14 but
8 the 9 quality
9 quality 10 of
10 of 12 diet
11 the 12 diet
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 also
14 but 16 through
16 through 20 calories
17 the 18 quantity
18 quantity 19 of
18 quantity 20 calories
19 of 20 calories
20 calories 21 that
20 calories 22 are
21 that 22 are
22 are 23 consumed

many phytochemicals such as sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables and green tea have anticancer epigenetic effects [and] are also efficacious for preventing or treating the epigenetic aberrations of other age [-] associated diseases besides cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 many 2 phytochemicals
2 phytochemicals 4 as
2 phytochemicals 9 and
3 such 4 as
4 as 5 sulforaphane
5 sulforaphane 6 from
6 from 8 vegetables
7 cruciferous 8 vegetables
9 and 11 tea
9 and 12 have
10 green 11 tea
12 have 13 anticancer
13 anticancer 15 effects
13 anticancer 21 preventing
14 epigenetic 15 effects
15 effects 17 are
17 are 18 also
17 are 19 efficacious
19 efficacious 20 for
20 for 21 preventing
22 or 23 treating
22 or 31 associated
23 treating 26 aberrations
23 treating 31 associated
24 the 26 aberrations
25 epigenetic 26 aberrations
26 aberrations 27 of
27 of 29 age
28 other 29 age
31 associated 32 diseases
31 associated 33 besides
33 besides 34 cancer

likewise , the quantity of calories that are consumed has proven to be advantageous in preventing cancer and extending the lifespan through control of epigenetic mediators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 quantity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 4 quantity
3 the 4 quantity
4 quantity 5 of
4 quantity 10 has
5 of 6 calories
6 calories 7 that
6 calories 8 are
7 that 8 are
8 are 9 consumed
10 has 11 proven
11 proven 12 to
11 proven 21 lifespan
11 proven 22 through
12 to 13 be
13 be 18 and
14 advantageous 15 in
14 advantageous 18 and
15 in 16 preventing
16 preventing 17 cancer
18 and 19 extending
20 the 21 lifespan
22 through 23 control
23 control 24 of
24 of 26 mediators
25 epigenetic 26 mediators

the purpose of this chapter is to review some of the most recent advances in the epigenetics of cancer and aging and to provide insights into advances being made with respect to dietary intervention into these biological processes that have vast health implications and high translational potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 chapter
4 this 5 chapter
6 is 7 to
7 to 22 and
8 review 14 advances
8 review 22 and
9 some 10 of
9 some 14 advances
10 of 14 advances
11 the 14 advances
12 most 13 recent
13 recent 14 advances
14 advances 15 in
14 advances 18 of
15 in 17 epigenetics
16 the 17 epigenetics
18 of 20 and
19 cancer 20 and
20 and 21 aging
22 and 23 to
22 and 24 provide
22 and 32 to
23 to 24 provide
24 provide 25 insights
24 provide 26 into
26 into 27 advances
27 advances 28 being
28 being 29 made
29 made 30 with
30 with 31 respect
32 to 44 and
33 dietary 34 intervention
34 intervention 35 into
34 intervention 44 and
35 into 38 processes
36 these 38 processes
37 biological 38 processes
38 processes 39 that
38 processes 40 have
39 that 40 have
40 have 43 implications
41 vast 42 health
42 health 43 implications
44 and 47 potential
45 high 47 potential
46 translational 47 potential

objective : estrogen stimulates pulsatile secretion of gh , via mechanisms that are largely unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 estrogen
2 : 4 stimulates
3 estrogen 4 stimulates
4 stimulates 6 secretion
5 pulsatile 6 secretion
6 secretion 7 of
7 of 8 gh
8 gh 10 via
9 , 10 via
10 via 11 mechanisms
10 via 16 .
11 mechanisms 12 that
11 mechanisms 13 are
12 that 13 are
13 are 15 unknown
14 largely 15 unknown

an untested hypothesis is that estradiol ( e₂ ) drives gh secretion by amplifying interactions among gh - releasing hormone [(] ghrh ) , somatostatin ( ss ) , and gh - releasing peptide [(] ghrp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 an 2 untested
1 an 3 hypothesis
2 untested 3 hypothesis
3 hypothesis 4 is
4 is 5 that
5 that 6 estradiol
5 that 10 drives
6 estradiol 8 e₂
6 estradiol 10 drives
7 ( 8 e₂
8 e₂ 9 )
10 drives 12 secretion
10 drives 33 releasing
11 gh 12 secretion
12 secretion 13 by
13 by 14 amplifying
14 amplifying 30 and
15 interactions 16 among
15 interactions 30 and
16 among 17 gh
17 gh 22 ghrh
17 gh 25 somatostatin
18 - 22 ghrh
19 releasing 22 ghrh
20 hormone 22 ghrh
22 ghrh 23 )
24 , 25 somatostatin
25 somatostatin 27 ss
25 somatostatin 29 ,
26 ( 27 ss
27 ss 28 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 gh
32 - 33 releasing
33 releasing 36 ghrp
33 releasing 37 )
34 peptide 36 ghrp

design : the design comprised double - blind randomized prospective administration of transdermal e₂ vs placebo [to] healthy postmenopausal women ( n=24 ) followed by pulsatile ghrh or ss infusions for 13 h overnight with [or] [without] continuous ghrp2 stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 28 or
3 the 11 administration
4 design 11 administration
5 comprised 11 administration
6 double 7 -
6 double 11 administration
8 blind 11 administration
9 randomized 11 administration
10 prospective 11 administration
11 administration 12 of
11 administration 28 or
12 of 14 e₂
13 transdermal 14 e₂
14 e₂ 15 vs
14 e₂ 24 followed
15 vs 20 women
16 placebo 20 women
18 healthy 20 women
19 postmenopausal 20 women
20 women 22 n=24
21 ( 22 n=24
22 n=24 23 )
24 followed 25 by
25 by 27 ghrh
26 pulsatile 27 ghrh
28 or 30 infusions
29 ss 30 infusions
30 infusions 31 for
30 infusions 34 overnight
31 for 33 h
32 13 33 h
34 overnight 35 with
35 with 39 ghrp2
35 with 40 stimulation
38 continuous 39 ghrp2

methods : end points were mean concentrations , deconvolved secretion , and approximate entropy ( apen ; a regularity measure [ )( [gh] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 points
2 : 12 and
2 : 17 ;
2 : 24 .
3 end 4 points
4 points 5 were
5 were 12 and
6 mean 7 concentrations
6 mean 12 and
7 concentrations 10 secretion
8 , 10 secretion
9 deconvolved 10 secretion
10 secretion 11 ,
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 approximate
13 approximate 14 entropy
14 entropy 16 apen
15 ( 16 apen
16 apen 17 ;
17 ; 20 measure
18 a 20 measure
19 regularity 20 measure

results : by generalized anova models , it was observed that e₂ vs placebo supplementation : [i] [ )(augmented mean ( 13 - h ) gh concentrations ( p=0.023 ) , ghrh - induced pulsatile gh secretion over the first 3 h [(] p=0.0085 [ )(and pulsatile gh secretion over the next 10 [h] ( p=0.054 [ )( ii ) increased ghrp - modulated ( p=0.022 [ )(and ss - modulated [(] p<0.001 [ )(gh apen [;] and iii ) did not amplify ghrh/ghrp synergy during pulsatile gh secretion [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 by
3 by 6 models
4 generalized 6 models
5 anova 6 models
7 , 8 it
8 it 9 was
9 was 10 observed
10 observed 11 that
11 that 12 e₂
11 that 16 :
12 e₂ 13 vs
12 e₂ 16 :
13 vs 15 supplementation
14 placebo 15 supplementation
16 : 27 concentrations
19 )(augmented 20 mean
20 mean 27 concentrations
21 ( 23 -
22 13 23 -
23 - 24 h
23 - 25 )
23 - 27 concentrations
26 gh 27 concentrations
27 concentrations 29 p=0.023
27 concentrations 33 -
28 ( 29 p=0.023
29 p=0.023 30 )
31 , 33 -
32 ghrh 33 -
33 - 37 secretion
34 induced 35 pulsatile
35 pulsatile 37 secretion
36 gh 37 secretion
37 secretion 38 over
38 over 49 secretion
39 the 40 first
39 the 49 secretion
41 3 42 h
42 h 49 secretion
44 p=0.0085 46 )(and
46 )(and 48 gh
46 )(and 49 secretion
47 pulsatile 48 gh
49 secretion 50 over
50 over 52 next
51 the 52 next
52 next 53 10
52 next 64 modulated
53 10 62 ghrp
53 10 64 modulated
55 ( 62 ghrp
56 p=0.054 62 ghrp
59 ii 60 )
59 ii 62 ghrp
61 increased 62 ghrp
62 ghrp 63 -
64 modulated 70 -
65 ( 70 -
66 p=0.022 68 )(and
68 )(and 69 ss
69 ss 70 -
70 - 75 )(gh
71 modulated 75 )(gh
73 p<0.001 75 )(gh
75 )(gh 78 and
75 )(gh 83 amplify
75 )(gh 86 during
76 apen 78 and
78 and 79 iii
78 and 80 )
78 and 81 did
81 did 82 not
81 did 83 amplify
83 amplify 85 synergy
84 ghrh/ghrp 85 synergy
86 during 89 secretion
87 pulsatile 89 secretion
88 gh 89 secretion

by linear regression , e₂ concentrations were found to be positively correlated with gh secretion during ghrp2 infusion ( p=0.022 ) , whereas bmi was found to be negatively correlated with gh secretion during ghrh ( p=0.006 ) and combined ghrh/ghrp ( p=0.015 ) stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 by 3 regression
1 by 4 ,
1 by 6 concentrations
2 linear 3 regression
5 e₂ 6 concentrations
6 concentrations 7 were
7 were 8 found
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 12 correlated
11 positively 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 with
12 correlated 23 whereas
13 with 15 secretion
13 with 16 during
14 gh 15 secretion
16 during 18 infusion
17 ghrp2 18 infusion
18 infusion 20 p=0.022
19 ( 20 p=0.022
20 p=0.022 21 )
22 , 23 whereas
23 whereas 24 bmi
24 bmi 39 and
25 was 26 found
25 was 39 and
26 found 27 to
26 found 31 with
27 to 28 be
28 be 30 correlated
29 negatively 30 correlated
31 with 33 secretion
32 gh 33 secretion
33 secretion 34 during
33 secretion 37 p=0.006
34 during 35 ghrh
36 ( 37 p=0.006
37 p=0.006 38 )
39 and 40 combined
39 and 45 stimulation
41 ghrh/ghrp 43 p=0.015
41 ghrh/ghrp 45 stimulation
42 ( 43 p=0.015
43 p=0.015 44 )

e₂ and bmi jointly determined triple ( [combined] l - arginine , ghrh , and ghrp2 ) stimulation of gh secretion after saline ( r²=0.44 and p=0.003 ) and pulsatile ghrh ( r²=0.39 and p=0.013 ) infusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 e₂ 2 and
2 and 3 bmi
2 and 5 determined
4 jointly 5 determined
5 determined 18 stimulation
6 triple 10 -
6 triple 18 stimulation
7 ( 10 -
9 l 10 -
10 - 15 and
10 - 17 )
11 arginine 12 ,
12 , 13 ghrh
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 ghrp2
18 stimulation 19 of
19 of 29 and
20 gh 21 secretion
21 secretion 22 after
21 secretion 29 and
22 after 23 saline
23 saline 26 and
24 ( 26 and
25 r²=0.44 26 and
26 and 27 p=0.003
26 and 28 )
29 and 37 infusions
30 pulsatile 37 infusions
31 ghrh 35 p=0.013
31 ghrh 37 infusions
32 ( 35 p=0.013
33 r²=0.39 34 and
34 and 35 p=0.013
35 p=0.013 36 )

conclusion : in summary , [in] postmenopausal women , e₂ supplementation augments the amount [(] mass [ )(and alters the pattern ( regularity ) of gh secretion via interactions among ghrh , ss , ghrp , and bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 28 via
2 : 30 among
3 in 11 supplementation
4 summary 8 women
4 summary 11 supplementation
5 , 8 women
7 postmenopausal 8 women
8 women 9 ,
10 e₂ 11 supplementation
11 supplementation 18 )(and
11 supplementation 25 of
12 augments 16 mass
12 augments 18 )(and
13 the 16 mass
14 amount 16 mass
18 )(and 19 alters
18 )(and 21 pattern
20 the 21 pattern
21 pattern 23 regularity
22 ( 23 regularity
23 regularity 24 )
25 of 27 secretion
26 gh 27 secretion
28 via 29 interactions
30 among 37 and
31 ghrh 33 ss
32 , 33 ss
33 ss 34 ,
33 ss 35 ghrp
34 , 35 ghrp
35 ghrp 36 ,
35 ghrp 37 and
37 and 38 bmi

these outcomes introduce a more complex model of e₂ supplementation in coordinating gh secretion in aging women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 introduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 introduce
3 introduce 7 model
3 introduce 11 in
4 a 7 model
5 more 6 complex
6 complex 7 model
7 model 8 of
8 of 10 supplementation
9 e₂ 10 supplementation
11 in 12 coordinating
12 coordinating 14 secretion
12 coordinating 15 in
13 gh 14 secretion
15 in 16 aging
16 aging 17 women

objective : several cross - sectional studies on populations with iodine deficiency showed that tsh - levels are negatively associated with age , while in populations with high iodine intake tsh is positively associated with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 several
2 : 4 cross
2 : 5 -
2 : 23 ,
3 several 4 cross
5 - 7 studies
5 - 13 showed
5 - 16 -
6 sectional 7 studies
7 studies 8 on
7 studies 10 with
7 studies 13 showed
8 on 9 populations
10 with 12 deficiency
11 iodine 12 deficiency
13 showed 14 that
13 showed 15 tsh
16 - 17 levels
16 - 20 associated
17 levels 18 are
18 are 19 negatively
18 are 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 age
23 , 31 tsh
23 , 34 associated
24 while 25 in
24 while 31 tsh
25 in 26 populations
26 populations 27 with
27 with 30 intake
28 high 30 intake
29 iodine 30 intake
31 tsh 32 is
32 is 33 positively
32 is 34 associated
34 associated 35 with
35 with 36 age

the question is whether such an age [-] thyroid function relation is an ongoing process apparent also in longitudinal studies and whether it reflects an actual iodine deficiency or an iodine insufficiency in the past . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 question
2 question 3 is
3 is 4 whether
4 whether 11 relation
4 whether 12 is
5 such 6 an
6 an 11 relation
7 age 11 relation
9 thyroid 10 function
10 function 11 relation
11 relation 12 is
12 is 15 process
13 an 15 process
14 ongoing 15 process
15 process 16 apparent
15 process 23 it
15 process 24 reflects
16 apparent 17 also
16 apparent 18 in
18 in 21 and
19 longitudinal 20 studies
20 studies 21 and
21 and 22 whether
23 it 24 reflects
24 reflects 29 or
24 reflects 33 in
25 an 28 deficiency
26 actual 28 deficiency
27 iodine 28 deficiency
28 deficiency 29 or
29 or 32 insufficiency
30 an 32 insufficiency
31 iodine 32 insufficiency
33 in 35 past
34 the 35 past

methods : in an area with a borderline iodine status in the past , we studied 980 participants of the nijmegen biomedical study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 6 with
2 : 11 in
3 in 5 area
4 an 5 area
6 with 8 borderline
6 with 10 status
7 a 8 borderline
9 iodine 10 status
11 in 13 past
12 the 13 past
14 , 15 we
14 , 16 studied
15 we 16 studied
16 studied 18 participants
17 980 18 participants
18 participants 19 of
19 of 23 study
20 the 23 study
21 nijmegen 22 biomedical
22 biomedical 23 study

we measured serum tsh , free thyroxine ( ft₄ ) , total triiodothyronine ( t₃ ) , peroxidase antibodies , and the urine iodine and creatinine concentration 4 years after our initial survey [of] thyroid function , in which we reported a negative association between tsh and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 4 tsh
3 serum 4 tsh
5 , 6 free
5 , 11 ,
6 free 7 thyroxine
7 thyroxine 9 ft₄
8 ( 9 ft₄
9 ft₄ 10 )
11 , 12 total
12 total 13 triiodothyronine
13 triiodothyronine 15 t₃
13 triiodothyronine 25 and
14 ( 15 t₃
15 t₃ 16 )
17 , 25 and
18 peroxidase 19 antibodies
19 antibodies 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 iodine
21 and 25 and
22 the 24 iodine
23 urine 24 iodine
25 and 27 concentration
25 and 38 in
25 and 49 .
26 creatinine 27 concentration
27 concentration 28 4
27 concentration 30 after
29 years 30 after
30 after 36 function
31 our 36 function
32 initial 33 survey
33 survey 35 thyroid
35 thyroid 36 function
37 , 38 in
38 in 39 which
38 in 40 we
38 in 47 and
38 in 49 .
40 we 47 and
41 reported 44 association
41 reported 47 and
42 a 43 negative
42 a 44 association
43 negative 44 association
44 association 45 between
45 between 46 tsh
47 and 48 age

only ft₄ appeared to be somewhat higher at lower urine iodine levels : a 1.01 % [(] 95 % ci 0.17 - 1.84 % ) higher ft₄ for each lower iodine quintile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 only 2 ft₄
2 ft₄ 3 appeared
3 appeared 4 to
3 appeared 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 7 higher
6 somewhat 7 higher
7 higher 8 at
8 at 12 levels
9 lower 10 urine
10 urine 12 levels
11 iodine 12 levels
13 : 27 ft₄
14 a 27 ft₄
15 1.01 16 %
16 % 27 ft₄
18 95 19 %
19 % 27 ft₄
20 ci 21 0.17
20 ci 24 %
20 ci 27 ft₄
22 - 24 %
23 1.84 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 higher 27 ft₄
27 ft₄ 28 for
28 for 32 quintile
29 each 32 quintile
30 lower 32 quintile
31 iodine 32 quintile

conclusions : in this longitudinal study , we found an ongoing decrease in tsh and increase in ft₄ in a previously [iodine] insufficient population [,] despite the adequate iodine status at present . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 we
2 : 15 and
2 : 33 .
3 in 6 study
3 in 7 ,
3 in 8 we
4 this 6 study
5 longitudinal 6 study
8 we 15 and
9 found 12 decrease
9 found 13 in
9 found 15 and
10 an 12 decrease
11 ongoing 12 decrease
13 in 14 tsh
15 and 16 increase
16 increase 17 in
16 increase 19 in
16 increase 26 despite
16 increase 32 present
17 in 18 ft₄
19 in 24 population
20 a 21 previously
20 a 24 population
21 previously 23 insufficient
23 insufficient 24 population
26 despite 30 status
27 the 30 status
28 adequate 29 iodine
29 iodine 30 status
31 at 32 present

this suggests that low iodine intake at young age leads to thyroid autonomy ( and a tendency to hyperthyroidism ) that persists despite normal iodine intake later in life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
2 suggests 4 low
4 low 6 intake
4 low 7 at
4 low 11 to
5 iodine 6 intake
7 at 10 leads
8 young 9 age
9 age 10 leads
11 to 15 and
12 thyroid 13 autonomy
13 autonomy 15 and
14 ( 15 and
15 and 17 tendency
15 and 20 )
15 and 21 that
15 and 22 persists
16 a 17 tendency
17 tendency 18 to
18 to 19 hyperthyroidism
21 that 22 persists
22 persists 23 despite
22 persists 27 later
22 persists 28 in
23 despite 26 intake
24 normal 25 iodine
25 iodine 26 intake
28 in 29 life

unlabelled : buttock reshaping has received a lot of attention , although to date there are no anthropometric [gender] - specific datasets to show the aging of the gluteal region from infancy to old age to guide surgical planning of gender - specific buttock reshaping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 3 buttock
2 : 6 received
2 : 11 ,
2 : 42 -
3 buttock 4 reshaping
3 buttock 5 has
3 buttock 6 received
4 reshaping 5 has
6 received 8 lot
7 a 8 lot
8 lot 9 of
9 of 10 attention
11 , 37 guide
12 although 15 there
12 although 16 are
12 although 37 guide
13 to 14 date
14 date 15 there
15 there 16 are
16 are 22 datasets
17 no 22 datasets
18 anthropometric 20 -
18 anthropometric 22 datasets
21 specific 22 datasets
22 datasets 23 to
22 datasets 36 to
23 to 24 show
24 show 26 aging
24 show 36 to
25 the 26 aging
26 aging 27 of
27 of 30 region
28 the 30 region
29 gluteal 30 region
30 region 31 from
31 from 32 infancy
32 infancy 33 to
33 to 35 age
34 old 35 age
37 guide 39 planning
38 surgical 39 planning
39 planning 40 of
40 of 41 gender
42 - 45 reshaping
43 specific 44 buttock
44 buttock 45 reshaping

to make surgical planning easier , we analyzed the characteristics of the aging buttock in 280 volunteers ranging in age from 15 to 85 years and classified the age characteristics of the gluteal region into gender [-] specific categories to establish a classification system that could guide surgical techniques needed to reshape and rejuvenate the buttock . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 to 6 ,
2 make 4 planning
2 make 5 easier
2 make 6 ,
3 surgical 4 planning
6 , 41 establish
7 we 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 10 characteristics
9 the 10 characteristics
10 characteristics 11 of
11 of 14 buttock
12 the 14 buttock
13 aging 14 buttock
14 buttock 15 in
15 in 16 280
16 280 26 and
17 volunteers 18 ranging
17 volunteers 26 and
18 ranging 19 in
18 ranging 21 from
19 in 20 age
21 from 22 15
22 15 23 to
23 to 25 years
24 85 25 years
26 and 27 classified
26 and 39 categories
26 and 40 to
27 classified 30 characteristics
27 classified 35 into
28 the 30 characteristics
29 age 30 characteristics
30 characteristics 31 of
31 of 34 region
32 the 34 region
33 gluteal 34 region
35 into 36 gender
36 gender 38 specific
40 to 41 establish
41 establish 44 system
42 a 43 classification
42 a 44 system
43 classification 44 system
44 system 45 that
44 system 54 rejuvenate
45 that 46 could
46 could 53 and
47 guide 49 techniques
47 guide 53 and
48 surgical 49 techniques
49 techniques 50 needed
49 techniques 51 to
49 techniques 52 reshape
51 to 52 reshape
53 and 54 rejuvenate
54 rejuvenate 56 buttock
55 the 56 buttock

based on our measurements it was evident that males showed fewer signs of atrophy and less ptosis of their buttock with less reduction of the gluteal volume as they aged than did females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 6 was
2 on 4 measurements
3 our 4 measurements
5 it 6 was
6 was 7 evident
7 evident 8 that
8 that 9 males
8 that 10 showed
9 males 10 showed
10 showed 17 ptosis
10 showed 32 did
11 fewer 17 ptosis
12 signs 13 of
12 signs 15 and
13 of 14 atrophy
15 and 16 less
15 and 17 ptosis
17 ptosis 18 of
17 ptosis 32 did
18 of 20 buttock
19 their 20 buttock
20 buttock 21 with
20 buttock 24 of
21 with 23 reduction
22 less 23 reduction
24 of 27 volume
25 the 27 volume
26 gluteal 27 volume
27 volume 30 aged
28 as 29 they
28 as 30 aged
29 they 30 aged
31 than 32 did
32 did 33 females

based on the results , it is concluded [that] gender - specific surgical rejuvenation of the buttock area should include shortening of the gluteal crease , lifting the gluteal mass , adding volume , and smoothening of curvature to the lateral sides of the gluteal region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 6 it
2 on 4 results
3 the 4 results
6 it 7 is
7 is 10 gender
8 concluded 10 gender
11 - 14 rejuvenation
11 - 20 include
11 - 47 .
12 specific 14 rejuvenation
13 surgical 14 rejuvenation
14 rejuvenation 15 of
14 rejuvenation 19 should
15 of 18 area
16 the 18 area
17 buttock 18 area
19 should 20 include
20 include 35 and
21 shortening 22 of
21 shortening 35 and
22 of 25 crease
23 the 25 crease
24 gluteal 25 crease
25 crease 27 lifting
26 , 27 lifting
27 lifting 30 mass
27 lifting 32 adding
27 lifting 34 ,
28 the 30 mass
29 gluteal 30 mass
31 , 32 adding
32 adding 33 volume
32 adding 34 ,
35 and 36 smoothening
35 and 37 of
35 and 39 to
37 of 38 curvature
39 to 42 sides
40 the 42 sides
41 lateral 42 sides
42 sides 43 of
43 of 46 region
44 the 46 region
45 gluteal 46 region

level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 iv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 level 2 of
2 of 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 iv
5 : 7 journal
5 : 8 requires
5 : 19 .
6 this 7 journal
7 journal 8 requires
8 requires 9 that
9 that 10 authors
9 that 11 assign
11 assign 13 level
11 assign 16 to
12 a 13 level
13 level 14 of
14 of 15 evidence
16 to 18 article
17 each 18 article

for a full description of these evidence - based medicine ratings , please refer to the table of contents or the online instructions to authors www.springer.com/00266 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 for 4 description
1 for 8 -
1 for 12 ,
2 a 3 full
2 a 4 description
3 full 4 description
4 description 5 of
5 of 7 evidence
6 these 7 evidence
9 based 11 ratings
9 based 12 ,
10 medicine 11 ratings
12 , 14 refer
13 please 14 refer
14 refer 15 to
14 refer 24 to
15 to 17 table
16 the 17 table
17 table 18 of
18 of 20 or
19 contents 20 or
20 or 23 instructions
21 the 23 instructions
22 online 23 instructions
24 to 26 www.springer.com/00266
25 authors 26 www.springer.com/00266

despite the link between inactivity and premature mortality , most adults exercise less than the centers for disease control and prevention ( 2008 ) recommends ; thus , interventions to increase exercise are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 despite 6 and
1 despite 9 ,
1 despite 11 adults
2 the 3 link
3 link 4 between
3 link 6 and
4 between 5 inactivity
6 and 8 mortality
7 premature 8 mortality
10 most 11 adults
11 adults 12 exercise
12 exercise 13 less
12 exercise 14 than
14 than 16 centers
14 than 25 recommends
15 the 16 centers
16 centers 17 for
16 centers 23 2008
16 centers 25 recommends
17 for 21 prevention
18 disease 19 control
19 control 20 and
20 and 21 prevention
22 ( 23 2008
23 2008 24 )
26 ; 29 interventions
26 ; 33 are
27 thus 28 ,
27 thus 29 interventions
29 interventions 30 to
29 interventions 33 are
30 to 32 exercise
31 increase 32 exercise
33 are 34 needed

the present study employed an internet - based intervention to increase walking in 12 sedentary adults over 50 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 employed
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 employed
4 employed 6 internet
5 an 6 internet
6 internet 9 intervention
7 - 9 intervention
8 based 9 intervention
9 intervention 10 to
9 intervention 11 increase
9 intervention 12 walking
9 intervention 22 .
10 to 11 increase
12 walking 13 in
12 walking 17 over
13 in 16 adults
14 12 16 adults
15 sedentary 16 adults
17 over 19 years
18 50 19 years
19 years 20 of
20 of 21 age

in experiment 1 , participants received monetary consequences for meeting an increasing series of step goals on at least 3 days during consecutive 5 [-] day blocks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 participants
2 experiment 3 1
5 participants 6 received
6 received 8 consequences
7 monetary 8 consequences
8 consequences 9 for
9 for 10 meeting
10 meeting 13 series
10 meeting 17 on
10 meeting 22 during
11 an 13 series
12 increasing 13 series
13 series 14 of
14 of 16 goals
15 step 16 goals
17 on 21 days
18 at 19 least
19 least 20 3
20 3 21 days
22 during 27 blocks
23 consecutive 27 blocks
24 5 26 day
26 day 27 blocks

across participants , steps increased 182 % from screening to the end of the intervention , and 87 % of step goals were met . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 steps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 across 2 participants
1 across 3 ,
1 across 4 steps
4 steps 5 increased
5 increased 7 %
5 increased 10 to
6 182 7 %
7 % 8 from
8 from 9 screening
10 to 12 end
11 the 12 end
12 end 13 of
13 of 15 intervention
14 the 15 intervention
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 %
17 and 24 met
18 87 19 %
19 % 20 of
19 % 23 were
20 of 22 goals
21 step 22 goals
23 were 24 met

in experiment 2 , goals were set using the same schedule as in experiment 1 , but no monetary consequences were provided for meeting them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 goals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 goals
2 experiment 3 2
5 goals 6 were
6 were 7 set
7 set 8 using
8 using 11 schedule
8 using 12 as
9 the 10 same
9 the 11 schedule
12 as 13 in
13 in 14 experiment
14 experiment 15 1
16 , 17 but
17 but 20 consequences
17 but 22 provided
18 no 20 consequences
19 monetary 20 consequences
20 consequences 21 were
21 were 22 provided
22 provided 23 for
23 for 24 meeting
24 meeting 25 them

across participants , steps increased 108 % , and 52 % of goals were met . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 steps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 across 2 participants
1 across 3 ,
1 across 4 steps
4 steps 5 increased
5 increased 7 %
6 108 7 %
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 %
9 and 15 met
10 52 11 %
11 % 12 of
11 % 14 were
12 of 13 goals
14 were 15 met

across both studies , 11 of 12 participants increased their steps according to experimenter [-] arranged criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 11
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 across 3 studies
1 across 4 ,
1 across 5 11
2 both 3 studies
5 11 6 of
5 11 9 increased
6 of 8 participants
7 12 8 participants
9 increased 11 steps
9 increased 13 to
10 their 11 steps
12 according 13 to
13 to 17 criteria
14 experimenter 16 arranged
16 arranged 17 criteria

these results support the efficacy of an internet - based intervention to increase walking in sedentary adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 support
3 support 5 efficacy
4 the 5 efficacy
5 efficacy 6 of
6 of 8 internet
7 an 8 internet
9 - 11 intervention
10 based 11 intervention
11 intervention 12 to
11 intervention 13 increase
11 intervention 14 walking
12 to 13 increase
14 walking 15 in
15 in 17 adults
16 sedentary 17 adults

simplified measurement of macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) is important because of the ocular health benefits that are attributed to these retinal carotenoids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 simplified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 simplified 11 is
2 measurement 3 of
2 measurement 11 is
3 of 7 density
4 macular 5 pigment
5 pigment 7 density
6 optical 7 density
7 density 9 mpod
8 ( 9 mpod
9 mpod 10 )
11 is 12 important
12 important 13 because
13 because 14 of
14 of 18 benefits
15 the 18 benefits
16 ocular 17 health
17 health 18 benefits
18 benefits 19 that
18 benefits 20 are
19 that 20 are
20 are 21 attributed
21 attributed 22 to
22 to 25 carotenoids
23 these 25 carotenoids
24 retinal 25 carotenoids

here , we describe a novel instrument designed for this purpose , based on heterochromatic flicker photometry ( hfp ) , which removes a number of difficulties that subjects often experience with traditional hfp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 7 instrument
4 describe 13 based
5 a 6 novel
5 a 7 instrument
6 novel 7 instrument
7 instrument 8 designed
8 designed 9 for
9 for 11 purpose
10 this 11 purpose
12 , 13 based
13 based 14 on
13 based 21 ,
14 on 17 photometry
15 heterochromatic 16 flicker
16 flicker 17 photometry
17 photometry 19 hfp
18 ( 19 hfp
19 hfp 20 )
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 removes
22 which 23 removes
23 removes 27 difficulties
24 a 25 number
25 number 26 of
25 number 27 difficulties
26 of 27 difficulties
27 difficulties 28 that
27 difficulties 31 experience
28 that 29 subjects
28 that 31 experience
29 subjects 31 experience
30 often 31 experience
31 experience 32 with
32 with 34 hfp
33 traditional 34 hfp

the instrument generates 1.5 - and 15 - deg diameter [,] centrally viewed stimuli that alternate between blue and green colors generated by light emitting diodes ( led ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instrument
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 generates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 deg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 instrument
2 instrument 3 generates
3 generates 4 1.5
5 - 6 and
6 and 7 15
6 and 8 -
7 15 8 -
8 - 9 deg
9 deg 14 stimuli
9 deg 17 between
10 diameter 14 stimuli
12 centrally 13 viewed
13 viewed 14 stimuli
14 stimuli 15 that
14 stimuli 16 alternate
15 that 16 alternate
17 between 21 colors
18 blue 19 and
19 and 20 green
19 and 21 colors
21 colors 22 generated
21 colors 25 emitting
21 colors 28 led
22 generated 23 by
23 by 24 light
25 emitting 26 diodes
27 ( 28 led
28 led 29 )

the 15 deg stimulus replaces the small , eccentrically viewed stimulus used in traditional hfp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 stimulus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 replaces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 stimulus
2 15 4 stimulus
3 deg 4 stimulus
4 stimulus 5 replaces
5 replaces 11 stimulus
6 the 11 stimulus
7 small 8 ,
7 small 11 stimulus
9 eccentrically 10 viewed
10 viewed 11 stimulus
11 stimulus 12 used
12 used 13 in
13 in 15 hfp
14 traditional 15 hfp

subjects adjust the blue led intensity [until] flicker [is] eliminated in the case of the 1.5 deg stimulus and eliminated around the periphery in the case of the 15 deg stimulus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 subjects 19 and
2 adjust 8 flicker
2 adjust 11 in
2 adjust 19 and
3 the 8 flicker
4 blue 8 flicker
5 led 8 flicker
6 intensity 8 flicker
8 flicker 10 eliminated
11 in 13 case
12 the 13 case
13 case 14 of
14 of 18 stimulus
15 the 18 stimulus
16 1.5 18 stimulus
17 deg 18 stimulus
19 and 20 eliminated
19 and 21 around
19 and 24 in
19 and 31 stimulus
21 around 23 periphery
22 the 23 periphery
24 in 26 case
25 the 26 case
26 case 27 of
27 of 29 15
28 the 29 15
30 deg 31 stimulus

a microprocessor computes the subject 's mpod , in addition to the lens [od] , and uses the latter to correct the mpod . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 microprocessor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 microprocessor
2 microprocessor 16 and
3 computes 7 mpod
3 computes 16 and
4 the 5 subject
5 subject 6 's
6 's 7 mpod
7 mpod 9 in
8 , 9 in
9 in 10 addition
9 in 15 ,
10 addition 11 to
11 to 13 lens
12 the 13 lens
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 uses
17 uses 19 latter
17 uses 20 to
17 uses 21 correct
18 the 19 latter
20 to 21 correct
21 correct 23 mpod
22 the 23 mpod

good repeatability was confirmed through [test] - retest measurements on 52 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 repeatability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 good 2 repeatability
2 repeatability 3 was
3 was 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 5 through
7 - 8 retest
7 - 13 .
8 retest 9 measurements
8 retest 10 on
10 on 12 subjects
11 52 12 subjects

the overwhelming majority of them stated that they found the test easy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 stated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 majority
2 overwhelming 3 majority
3 majority 4 of
3 majority 6 stated
4 of 5 them
6 stated 7 that
7 that 8 they
7 that 9 found
8 they 9 found
9 found 11 test
9 found 12 easy
10 the 11 test

the importance of the lens correction on mpod measurements was confirmed in a simulation study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 importance
2 importance 3 of
2 importance 10 was
3 of 6 correction
4 the 6 correction
5 lens 6 correction
6 correction 7 on
7 on 9 measurements
8 mpod 9 measurements
10 was 11 confirmed
11 confirmed 12 in
12 in 15 study
13 a 14 simulation
13 a 15 study
14 simulation 15 study

the study showed that , without the correction , mpod would show an apparent age [-] related decline in a population for whom there was no real age dependence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 6 without
5 , 6 without
6 without 8 correction
6 without 9 ,
7 the 8 correction
9 , 10 mpod
9 , 12 show
10 mpod 11 would
11 would 12 show
12 show 18 decline
12 show 29 dependence
13 an 14 apparent
13 an 18 decline
14 apparent 18 decline
15 age 17 related
17 related 18 decline
18 decline 19 in
18 decline 22 for
19 in 21 population
20 a 21 population
22 for 23 whom
22 for 24 there
22 for 25 was
24 there 25 was
25 was 28 age
26 no 28 age
27 real 28 age

the maturation of in vivo neuroimaging has led to incredible quantities of digital information about the human brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maturation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 maturation
2 maturation 3 of
2 maturation 7 has
3 of 6 neuroimaging
4 in 5 vivo
5 vivo 6 neuroimaging
7 has 8 led
8 led 9 to
8 led 15 about
9 to 14 information
10 incredible 11 quantities
11 quantities 12 of
11 quantities 14 information
12 of 14 information
13 digital 14 information
15 about 18 brain
16 the 18 brain
17 human 18 brain

while much is made of the data deluge in science , neuroimaging represents the leading edge of this onslaught of " big data " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 neuroimaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 while 2 much
1 while 5 of
1 while 11 ,
1 while 12 neuroimaging
2 much 3 is
3 is 5 of
4 made 5 of
5 of 8 deluge
5 of 9 in
6 the 8 deluge
7 data 8 deluge
9 in 10 science
12 neuroimaging 13 represents
13 represents 16 edge
14 the 16 edge
15 leading 16 edge
16 edge 17 of
17 of 19 onslaught
18 this 19 onslaught
19 onslaught 20 of
20 of 21 "
20 of 23 data
22 big 23 data
23 data 24 "

a range of neuroimaging databasing approaches has streamlined the transmission , storage , and dissemination of data from such brain imaging studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 range
2 range 3 of
2 range 11 ,
3 of 4 neuroimaging
4 neuroimaging 5 databasing
4 neuroimaging 8 streamlined
5 databasing 6 approaches
5 databasing 7 has
7 has 8 streamlined
8 streamlined 10 transmission
9 the 10 transmission
11 , 12 storage
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 dissemination
14 and 16 of
16 of 17 data
17 data 18 from
17 data 21 imaging
18 from 20 brain
19 such 20 brain
21 imaging 22 studies

yet [few] , [if] any [,] common solutions exist to support the science of neuroimaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 solutions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 yet 3 ,
1 yet 8 solutions
5 any 8 solutions
7 common 8 solutions
8 solutions 9 exist
9 exist 10 to
10 to 11 support
11 support 13 science
12 the 13 science
13 science 14 of
14 of 15 neuroimaging

as neuroimaging advances further [,] e.g . aging , genetics , and age - related disease [,] new vision is needed to manage and process this information while marshalling [of] these resources into novel results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 as 3 advances
1 as 4 further
2 neuroimaging 3 advances
4 further 6 e.g
7 . 12 and
7 . 24 and
8 aging 9 ,
8 aging 12 and
10 genetics 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 age
12 and 14 -
12 and 24 and
15 related 16 disease
15 related 24 and
16 disease 19 vision
16 disease 23 manage
18 new 19 vision
19 vision 20 is
20 is 21 needed
21 needed 22 to
22 to 23 manage
24 and 25 process
24 and 28 while
24 and 33 into
25 process 27 information
26 this 27 information
28 while 29 marshalling
29 marshalling 32 resources
31 these 32 resources
33 into 35 results
34 novel 35 results

thus , " big data " can become " big " brain science . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 data
2 , 3 "
4 big 5 data
5 data 6 "
5 data 7 can
7 can 8 become
8 become 9 "
8 become 13 science
10 big 11 "
10 big 12 brain
12 brain 13 science

none [unlabelled] : this report describes epidemiology , burden , and treatment of osteoporosis in each of the 27 countries of the european union ( eu27 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
3 : 5 report
3 : 6 describes
4 this 5 report
5 report 6 describes
6 describes 11 and
6 describes 15 in
7 epidemiology 8 ,
8 , 9 burden
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 13 of
13 of 14 osteoporosis
15 in 20 countries
16 each 17 of
16 each 20 countries
17 of 20 countries
18 the 19 27
19 27 20 countries
20 countries 21 of
21 of 24 union
22 the 23 european
23 european 24 union
24 union 26 eu27
25 ( 26 eu27
26 eu27 27 )

introduction : in 2010 , 22 million women and 5.5 million men were estimated to have osteoporosis in the eu ; and 3.5 million new fragility fractures were sustained , comprising 620,000 hip fractures , 520,000 vertebral fractures , 560,000 forearm fractures and 1,800,000 other fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 and
2 : 14 estimated
2 : 21 ;
2 : 47 .
3 in 4 2010
3 in 5 ,
3 in 9 and
6 22 7 million
7 million 8 women
8 women 9 and
9 and 12 men
9 and 13 were
10 5.5 11 million
11 million 12 men
13 were 14 estimated
14 estimated 15 to
15 to 16 have
16 have 17 osteoporosis
16 have 18 in
18 in 20 eu
19 the 20 eu
21 ; 22 and
21 ; 35 ,
22 and 27 fractures
22 and 29 sustained
23 3.5 24 million
24 million 27 fractures
25 new 26 fragility
26 fragility 27 fractures
27 fractures 28 were
28 were 29 sustained
29 sustained 31 comprising
30 , 31 comprising
31 comprising 34 fractures
31 comprising 35 ,
32 620,000 33 hip
33 hip 34 fractures
35 , 43 and
36 520,000 38 fractures
37 vertebral 38 fractures
38 fractures 39 ,
39 , 42 fractures
39 , 43 and
40 560,000 42 fractures
41 forearm 42 fractures
43 and 46 fractures
44 1,800,000 45 other
45 other 46 fractures

the economic burden of incident [and] prior fragility fractures was estimated at € 37 billion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 burden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 burden
2 economic 3 burden
3 burden 4 of
3 burden 10 was
4 of 9 fractures
5 incident 9 fractures
7 prior 8 fragility
8 fragility 9 fractures
10 was 11 estimated
11 estimated 12 at
12 at 13 €
13 € 15 billion
14 37 15 billion

previous [and] incident fractures also accounted for 1,180,000 quality - adjusted life years lost during 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 accounted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 previous 3 incident
3 incident 4 fractures
4 fractures 6 accounted
5 also 6 accounted
6 accounted 7 for
7 for 9 quality
8 1,180,000 9 quality
10 - 13 years
10 - 14 lost
10 - 17 .
11 adjusted 12 life
12 life 13 years
13 years 14 lost
14 lost 15 during
15 during 16 2010

the costs are expected to increase by 25 % in 2025 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 costs
2 costs 3 are
3 are 4 expected
4 expected 5 to
4 expected 6 increase
5 to 6 increase
6 increase 7 by
6 increase 10 in
7 by 9 %
8 25 9 %
10 in 11 2025

the majority of individuals who have sustained an osteoporosis [-] related fracture or who are at high risk [of] [fracture] are untreated and the number of patients on treatment is declining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 21 are
3 of 4 individuals
3 of 13 or
3 of 15 are
4 individuals 5 who
4 individuals 6 have
4 individuals 7 sustained
5 who 6 have
8 an 12 fracture
9 osteoporosis 12 fracture
11 related 12 fracture
12 fracture 13 or
13 or 14 who
13 or 15 are
15 are 16 at
16 at 18 risk
17 high 18 risk
21 are 22 untreated
23 and 25 number
23 and 30 is
24 the 25 number
25 number 26 of
25 number 28 on
25 number 30 is
26 of 27 patients
28 on 29 treatment
30 is 31 declining

the aim of this report was to characterize the burden of osteoporosis in each of the eu27 countries in 2010 [and] [beyond] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 report
4 this 5 report
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 characterize
7 to 8 characterize
8 characterize 10 burden
8 characterize 13 in
8 characterize 19 in
9 the 10 burden
10 burden 11 of
11 of 12 osteoporosis
13 in 18 countries
14 each 15 of
14 each 18 countries
15 of 18 countries
16 the 18 countries
17 eu27 18 countries
19 in 20 2010

methods : the data on fracture incidence [and] costs of fractures in the eu27 were taken from a concurrent publication in this journal ( osteoporosis in the european union : medical management , epidemiology and economic burden ) and country specific information extracted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 16 taken
2 : 30 :
2 : 33 ,
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 on
4 data 15 were
5 on 9 costs
6 fracture 7 incidence
7 incidence 9 costs
9 costs 10 of
10 of 11 fractures
11 fractures 12 in
12 in 14 eu27
13 the 14 eu27
15 were 16 taken
16 taken 17 from
16 taken 21 in
17 from 20 publication
18 a 19 concurrent
18 a 20 publication
19 concurrent 20 publication
21 in 23 journal
22 this 23 journal
23 journal 25 osteoporosis
24 ( 25 osteoporosis
25 osteoporosis 26 in
25 osteoporosis 30 :
26 in 29 union
27 the 28 european
28 european 29 union
30 : 32 management
31 medical 32 management
33 , 39 and
34 epidemiology 35 and
35 and 37 burden
35 and 38 )
35 and 39 and
36 economic 37 burden
39 and 40 country
39 and 42 information
39 and 43 extracted
41 specific 42 information
42 information 43 extracted

results : the clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures in 2010 is given for each of the 27 countries of the eu . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 7 burden
2 : 14 given
3 the 7 burden
4 clinical 5 and
5 and 6 economic
5 and 7 burden
7 burden 8 of
7 burden 11 in
7 burden 13 is
8 of 10 fractures
9 osteoporotic 10 fractures
11 in 12 2010
13 is 14 given
14 given 15 for
15 for 16 each
16 each 17 of
16 each 21 of
17 of 20 countries
18 the 19 27
19 27 20 countries
21 of 23 eu
22 the 23 eu

the costs are expected to increase on average by 25 % in 2025 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 costs
2 costs 3 are
3 are 4 expected
4 expected 5 to
4 expected 6 increase
5 to 6 increase
6 increase 8 average
6 increase 9 by
6 increase 12 in
7 on 8 average
9 by 11 %
10 25 11 %
12 in 13 2025

the majority of individuals who have sustained an osteoporosis [-] related fracture or who are at high risk [of] [fracture] are untreated and the number of patients on treatment is declining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 21 are
3 of 4 individuals
3 of 13 or
3 of 15 are
4 individuals 5 who
4 individuals 6 have
4 individuals 7 sustained
5 who 6 have
8 an 12 fracture
9 osteoporosis 12 fracture
11 related 12 fracture
12 fracture 13 or
13 or 14 who
13 or 15 are
15 are 16 at
16 at 18 risk
17 high 18 risk
21 are 22 untreated
23 and 25 number
23 and 30 is
24 the 25 number
25 number 26 of
25 number 28 on
25 number 30 is
26 of 27 patients
28 on 29 treatment
30 is 31 declining

conclusions : in spite of the high cost of osteoporosis , a substantial treatment gap and projected increase of the economic burden driven by aging populations , the use of pharmacological prevention of osteoporosis has decreased in recent years , suggesting that a change in healthcare policy concerning the disease is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 24 by
3 in 16 and
4 spite 5 of
4 spite 11 ,
5 of 8 cost
6 the 8 cost
7 high 8 cost
8 cost 9 of
9 of 10 osteoporosis
11 , 15 gap
11 , 16 and
12 a 13 substantial
12 a 15 gap
13 substantial 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 gap
16 and 18 increase
16 and 19 of
17 projected 18 increase
19 of 22 burden
20 the 22 burden
21 economic 22 burden
22 burden 23 driven
24 by 25 aging
25 aging 26 populations
27 , 29 use
27 , 36 decreased
28 the 29 use
29 use 30 of
29 use 35 has
30 of 32 prevention
31 pharmacological 32 prevention
32 prevention 33 of
33 of 34 osteoporosis
35 has 36 decreased
36 decreased 37 in
37 in 39 years
38 recent 39 years
39 years 41 suggesting
40 , 41 suggesting
41 suggesting 42 that
41 suggesting 53 .
42 that 44 change
42 that 52 warranted
43 a 44 change
44 change 45 in
44 change 48 concerning
44 change 51 is
45 in 47 policy
46 healthcare 47 policy
48 concerning 50 disease
49 the 50 disease
51 is 52 warranted

unlabelled : this report describes the epidemiology , burden , and treatment of osteoporosis in the 27 countries of the european union ( eu27 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 report
2 : 5 describes
3 this 4 report
4 report 5 describes
5 describes 11 and
5 describes 15 in
6 the 11 and
7 epidemiology 8 ,
8 , 9 burden
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 13 of
13 of 14 osteoporosis
15 in 18 countries
16 the 17 27
17 27 18 countries
18 countries 19 of
19 of 22 union
20 the 21 european
21 european 22 union
22 union 24 eu27
23 ( 24 eu27
24 eu27 25 )

introduction : osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass [and] disruption of bone architecture , resulting in increased risk of fragility fractures which represent the main clinical consequence of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 osteoporosis
2 : 5 characterized
3 osteoporosis 4 is
4 is 5 characterized
5 characterized 6 by
6 by 11 disruption
7 reduced 8 bone
8 bone 11 disruption
9 mass 11 disruption
11 disruption 12 of
12 of 14 architecture
13 bone 14 architecture
14 architecture 16 resulting
15 , 16 resulting
16 resulting 17 in
16 resulting 32 .
17 in 19 risk
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 22 fractures
21 fragility 22 fractures
22 fractures 23 which
22 fractures 24 represent
23 which 24 represent
24 represent 28 consequence
25 the 26 main
25 the 28 consequence
27 clinical 28 consequence
28 consequence 29 of
29 of 31 disease
30 the 31 disease

fragility fractures are associated with substantial pain and suffering , disability and even death for affected patients and substantial costs to society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 fragility 2 fractures
2 fractures 3 are
3 are 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 and
6 substantial 7 pain
7 pain 8 and
8 and 9 suffering
10 , 12 and
11 disability 12 and
12 and 14 death
12 and 15 for
12 and 21 to
13 even 14 death
15 for 18 and
16 affected 17 patients
17 patients 18 and
18 and 20 costs
19 substantial 20 costs
21 to 22 society

the aim of this report was to characterize the burden of osteoporosis in the eu27 in 2010 [and] [beyond] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 report
4 this 5 report
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 characterize
7 to 8 characterize
8 characterize 10 burden
8 characterize 13 in
8 characterize 16 in
9 the 10 burden
10 burden 11 of
11 of 12 osteoporosis
13 in 15 eu27
14 the 15 eu27
16 in 17 2010

methods : the literature on fracture incidence [and] costs of fractures in the eu27 was reviewed and incorporated into a model estimating the clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures in 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 literature
2 : 17 and
3 the 4 literature
4 literature 5 on
4 literature 12 in
4 literature 15 was
5 on 9 costs
6 fracture 7 incidence
7 incidence 9 costs
9 costs 10 of
10 of 11 fractures
12 in 14 eu27
13 the 14 eu27
15 was 17 and
16 reviewed 17 and
17 and 18 incorporated
17 and 19 into
17 and 27 burden
19 into 21 model
20 a 21 model
21 model 22 estimating
23 the 27 burden
24 clinical 25 and
25 and 26 economic
25 and 27 burden
27 burden 28 of
27 burden 31 in
28 of 30 fractures
29 osteoporotic 30 fractures
31 in 32 2010

results : twenty - two million women and 5.5 million men were estimated to have osteoporosis [;] and 3.5 million new fragility fractures were sustained , comprising 610,000 hip fractures , 520,000 vertebral fractures , 560,000 forearm fractures and 1,800,000 other fractures [(] i.e [.] fractures of the pelvis , rib , humerus , tibia , fibula , clavicle , scapula , sternum and other femoral fractures ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 twenty
2 : 4 -
4 - 7 women
4 - 8 and
5 two 6 million
6 million 7 women
8 and 10 million
8 and 13 estimated
9 5.5 10 million
10 million 11 men
10 million 12 were
10 million 13 estimated
11 men 12 were
13 estimated 14 to
13 estimated 18 and
13 estimated 25 sustained
14 to 15 have
16 osteoporosis 18 and
18 and 23 fractures
18 and 24 were
19 3.5 20 million
20 million 23 fractures
21 new 22 fragility
22 fragility 23 fractures
24 were 25 sustained
25 sustained 27 comprising
26 , 27 comprising
27 comprising 39 and
28 610,000 30 fractures
29 hip 30 fractures
30 fractures 31 ,
31 , 34 fractures
31 , 35 ,
32 520,000 34 fractures
33 vertebral 34 fractures
35 , 38 fractures
35 , 39 and
36 560,000 38 fractures
37 forearm 38 fractures
39 and 42 fractures
39 and 44 i.e
39 and 46 fractures
39 and 47 of
40 1,800,000 41 other
41 other 42 fractures
44 i.e 46 fractures
47 of 49 pelvis
48 the 49 pelvis
49 pelvis 51 rib
49 pelvis 57 fibula
50 , 51 rib
51 rib 53 humerus
51 rib 54 ,
52 , 53 humerus
53 humerus 54 ,
54 , 57 fibula
55 tibia 56 ,
55 tibia 57 fibula
57 fibula 64 and
57 fibula 69 .
58 , 64 and
59 clavicle 60 ,
60 , 61 scapula
60 , 62 ,
62 , 63 sternum
62 , 64 and
64 and 67 fractures
64 and 68 )
65 other 67 fractures
66 femoral 67 fractures

the economic burden of incident [and] prior fragility fractures was estimated at [<] euro [>] 37 billion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 burden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 burden
2 economic 3 burden
3 burden 4 of
3 burden 10 was
4 of 9 fractures
5 incident 9 fractures
7 prior 8 fragility
8 fragility 9 fractures
10 was 11 estimated
11 estimated 12 at
12 at 14 euro
14 euro 17 billion
16 37 17 billion

incident fractures represented 66 % of this cost , long - term fracture care 29 % and pharmacological prevention 5 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 incident 2 fractures
2 fractures 3 represented
3 represented 5 %
3 represented 10 long
4 66 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 8 cost
7 this 8 cost
9 , 10 long
10 long 11 -
11 - 12 term
11 - 22 .
12 term 14 care
12 term 16 %
12 term 17 and
13 fracture 14 care
15 29 16 %
17 and 19 prevention
17 and 21 %
18 pharmacological 19 prevention
20 5 21 %

previous [and] incident fractures also accounted for 1,180,000 quality - adjusted life years lost during 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 accounted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 previous 3 incident
3 incident 4 fractures
4 fractures 6 accounted
5 also 6 accounted
6 accounted 7 for
7 for 9 quality
8 1,180,000 9 quality
10 - 13 years
10 - 14 lost
10 - 17 .
11 adjusted 12 life
12 life 13 years
13 years 14 lost
14 lost 15 during
15 during 16 2010

the costs are expected to increase by 25 % in 2025 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 costs
2 costs 3 are
3 are 4 expected
4 expected 5 to
4 expected 6 increase
5 to 6 increase
6 increase 7 by
6 increase 10 in
7 by 9 %
8 25 9 %
10 in 11 2025

the majority of individuals who have sustained an osteoporosis [-] related fracture or who are at high risk [of] [fracture] are untreated and the number of patients on treatment is declining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 21 are
3 of 4 individuals
3 of 13 or
3 of 15 are
4 individuals 5 who
4 individuals 6 have
4 individuals 7 sustained
5 who 6 have
8 an 12 fracture
9 osteoporosis 12 fracture
11 related 12 fracture
12 fracture 13 or
13 or 14 who
13 or 15 are
15 are 16 at
16 at 18 risk
17 high 18 risk
21 are 22 untreated
23 and 25 number
23 and 30 is
24 the 25 number
25 number 26 of
25 number 28 on
25 number 30 is
26 of 27 patients
28 on 29 treatment
30 is 31 declining

conclusions : in spite of the high social and economic cost of osteoporosis , a substantial treatment gap and projected increase of the economic burden driven by the aging populations , the use of pharmacological interventions to prevent fractures has decreased in recent years , suggesting that a change in healthcare policy is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 9 and
4 spite 5 of
4 spite 9 and
5 of 8 social
6 the 8 social
7 high 8 social
9 and 11 cost
9 and 12 of
10 economic 11 cost
12 of 19 and
13 osteoporosis 14 ,
14 , 18 gap
14 , 19 and
15 a 18 gap
16 substantial 18 gap
17 treatment 18 gap
19 and 21 increase
19 and 22 of
20 projected 21 increase
22 of 25 burden
23 the 25 burden
24 economic 25 burden
25 burden 26 driven
26 driven 27 by
27 by 30 populations
28 the 30 populations
29 aging 30 populations
31 , 33 use
31 , 41 decreased
32 the 33 use
33 use 34 of
33 use 40 has
34 of 36 interventions
35 pharmacological 36 interventions
36 interventions 37 to
36 interventions 38 prevent
37 to 38 prevent
38 prevent 39 fractures
40 has 41 decreased
41 decreased 42 in
42 in 44 years
43 recent 44 years
44 years 46 suggesting
45 , 46 suggesting
46 suggesting 47 that
46 suggesting 55 .
47 that 49 change
47 that 54 warranted
48 a 49 change
49 change 50 in
49 change 53 is
50 in 52 policy
51 healthcare 52 policy
53 is 54 warranted

background : emerging health care reform initiatives are of growing importance amidst concerns about providing care to increasing numbers of adults with multiple chronic conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 initiatives
2 : 8 are
2 : 26 .
3 emerging 4 health
4 health 7 initiatives
5 care 7 initiatives
6 reform 7 initiatives
7 initiatives 8 are
8 are 9 of
8 are 12 amidst
8 are 14 about
9 of 10 growing
10 growing 11 importance
12 amidst 13 concerns
14 about 15 providing
15 providing 16 care
16 care 17 to
17 to 18 increasing
18 increasing 19 numbers
18 increasing 22 with
19 numbers 20 of
20 of 21 adults
22 with 25 conditions
23 multiple 25 conditions
24 chronic 25 conditions

evidence [-] based self - management strategies are recognized as central to managing a variety of chronic diseases by improving the medical , emotional , and social role management demands of chronic conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 evidence 3 based
3 based 4 self
5 - 9 recognized
6 management 7 strategies
6 management 8 are
6 management 9 recognized
7 strategies 8 are
9 recognized 10 as
10 as 26 and
11 central 12 to
11 central 23 ,
12 to 13 managing
13 managing 15 variety
13 managing 19 by
14 a 15 variety
15 variety 16 of
16 of 18 diseases
17 chronic 18 diseases
19 by 20 improving
20 improving 22 medical
21 the 22 medical
23 , 24 emotional
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 30 demands
26 and 31 of
27 social 28 role
28 role 30 demands
29 management 30 demands
31 of 33 conditions
32 chronic 33 conditions

objectives : to examine the effectiveness of the chronic disease self - management program ( cdsmp ) among a national sample of participants organized around the triple aim goals of better health , better health care , and better value in terms of reduced health care utilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 33 ,
2 : 48 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 effectiveness
4 examine 25 around
5 the 6 effectiveness
6 effectiveness 7 of
6 effectiveness 18 among
7 of 11 self
8 the 11 self
9 chronic 10 disease
10 disease 11 self
11 self 16 cdsmp
12 - 16 cdsmp
13 management 14 program
14 program 16 cdsmp
15 ( 16 cdsmp
16 cdsmp 17 )
18 among 21 sample
19 a 21 sample
20 national 21 sample
21 sample 22 of
22 of 23 participants
23 participants 24 organized
25 around 29 goals
26 the 29 goals
27 triple 29 goals
28 aim 29 goals
29 goals 30 of
30 of 32 health
31 better 32 health
33 , 38 and
34 better 35 health
35 health 36 care
36 care 38 and
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 value
38 and 41 in
38 and 43 of
39 better 40 value
41 in 42 terms
43 of 47 utilization
44 reduced 47 utilization
45 health 46 care
46 care 47 utilization

research design : utilizing data collected from small - group cdsmp workshops , baseline , 6 - [month] , and 12 - month assessments were examined using 3 types [of] mixed - effects models to provide unbiased estimates of intervention effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 examined
1 research 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 5 data
3 : 7 from
4 utilizing 5 data
5 data 6 collected
7 from 12 workshops
8 small 9 -
8 small 10 group
10 group 12 workshops
11 cdsmp 12 workshops
13 , 14 baseline
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 6
15 , 17 -
16 6 17 -
17 - 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 12
20 and 22 -
21 12 22 -
22 - 24 assessments
23 month 24 assessments
24 assessments 25 were
25 were 26 examined
26 examined 27 using
27 using 29 types
28 3 29 types
29 types 31 mixed
29 types 34 models
32 - 34 models
33 effects 34 models
34 models 35 to
34 models 36 provide
34 models 42 .
35 to 36 provide
36 provide 38 estimates
37 unbiased 38 estimates
38 estimates 39 of
39 of 41 effects
40 intervention 41 effects

subjects : data were analyzed from 1170 community [-] dwelling cdsmp participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 5 analyzed
2 : 13 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 analyzed
5 analyzed 6 from
6 from 12 participants
7 1170 12 participants
8 community 12 participants
10 dwelling 12 participants
11 cdsmp 12 participants

measures : triple aim - related outcome measures : better health ( eg , self - reported health , pain , fatigue , depression ) , better health care ( eg , patient - physician communication , medication compliance , confidence completing medical forms ) , and better value [ eg , reductions in emergency room ( er ) visits and hospitalizations in the past 6 [mo] ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 triple
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 69 .
1 measures 2 :
2 : 3 triple
3 triple 4 aim
5 - 6 related
6 related 8 measures
7 outcome 8 measures
9 : 10 better
9 : 14 ,
10 better 11 health
11 health 13 eg
12 ( 13 eg
13 eg 14 ,
14 , 15 self
14 , 16 -
16 - 18 health
16 - 26 ,
17 reported 18 health
18 health 20 pain
18 health 22 fatigue
19 , 20 pain
20 pain 21 ,
21 , 22 fatigue
22 fatigue 24 depression
22 fatigue 25 )
23 , 24 depression
24 depression 25 )
26 , 47 and
27 better 29 care
27 better 47 and
28 health 29 care
29 care 36 communication
30 ( 36 communication
31 eg 32 ,
31 eg 35 physician
33 patient 34 -
33 patient 35 physician
35 physician 36 communication
36 communication 39 compliance
36 communication 41 confidence
36 communication 46 ,
37 , 39 compliance
38 medication 39 compliance
39 compliance 40 ,
40 , 41 confidence
41 confidence 42 completing
41 confidence 45 )
42 completing 44 forms
43 medical 44 forms
47 and 48 better
48 better 49 value
49 value 61 and
50 [ 61 and
51 eg 53 reductions
51 eg 60 visits
52 , 53 reductions
53 reductions 54 in
53 reductions 59 )
54 in 56 room
55 emergency 56 room
56 room 58 er
57 ( 58 er
58 er 59 )
60 visits 61 and
61 and 62 hospitalizations
61 and 63 in
61 and 68 ]
63 in 66 6
64 the 65 past
64 the 66 6

results : significant improvements for all better health and better health care outcome measures were observed from baseline to 12 [-] month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 9 and
3 significant 4 improvements
4 improvements 5 for
4 improvements 9 and
5 for 8 health
6 all 8 health
7 better 8 health
9 and 11 health
9 and 12 care
9 and 23 follow
10 better 11 health
12 care 14 measures
12 care 15 were
12 care 16 observed
13 outcome 14 measures
14 measures 15 were
16 observed 17 from
16 observed 19 to
16 observed 23 follow
17 from 18 baseline
19 to 22 month
20 12 22 month
23 follow 25 up
24 - 25 up
25 up 26 .

the odds of er visits significantly reduced from baseline to 12 [-] month follow - up , whereas significant reductions in hospitalization were only observed from baseline to 6 [-] month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 follow
1 the 2 odds
2 odds 3 of
2 odds 32 follow
3 of 4 er
4 er 5 visits
4 er 14 follow
5 visits 7 reduced
5 visits 8 from
5 visits 14 follow
6 significantly 7 reduced
8 from 9 baseline
9 baseline 10 to
10 to 13 month
11 12 13 month
14 follow 16 up
14 follow 18 whereas
15 - 16 up
16 up 17 ,
18 whereas 20 reductions
18 whereas 25 observed
19 significant 20 reductions
20 reductions 21 in
20 reductions 23 were
21 in 22 hospitalization
23 were 24 only
23 were 25 observed
25 observed 26 from
25 observed 28 to
26 from 27 baseline
28 to 31 month
29 6 31 month
32 follow 34 up
33 - 34 up
34 up 35 .

conclusions : this national study of cdsmp ( national study ) demonstrates the successful translation of cdsmp into widespread practice and its potential for helping the nation achieve the triple aims of health care reform . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 12 demonstrates
2 : 36 .
3 this 5 study
4 national 5 study
5 study 6 of
5 study 12 demonstrates
6 of 7 cdsmp
7 cdsmp 10 study
8 ( 10 study
9 national 10 study
10 study 11 )
12 demonstrates 21 and
12 demonstrates 28 achieve
13 the 15 translation
14 successful 15 translation
15 translation 16 of
15 translation 21 and
16 of 17 cdsmp
17 cdsmp 18 into
18 into 20 practice
19 widespread 20 practice
21 and 23 potential
21 and 24 for
21 and 28 achieve
22 its 23 potential
24 for 25 helping
25 helping 27 nation
26 the 27 nation
28 achieve 31 aims
29 the 31 aims
30 triple 31 aims
31 aims 32 of
32 of 35 reform
33 health 34 care
34 care 35 reform

patients with phenylketonuria ( pku ) encompass an ['] [at] risk ['] group for micronutrient imbalances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 encompass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 7 encompass
2 with 3 phenylketonuria
3 phenylketonuria 5 pku
4 ( 5 pku
5 pku 6 )
7 encompass 13 group
8 an 13 group
11 risk 13 group
13 group 14 for
14 for 16 imbalances
15 micronutrient 16 imbalances

optimal nutrient status is challenging particularly when a substantial proportion of nutrient intake is from [non] [-] natural sources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 optimal 2 nutrient
2 nutrient 3 status
3 status 4 is
4 is 5 challenging
5 challenging 6 particularly
6 particularly 7 when
7 when 10 proportion
7 when 14 is
8 a 10 proportion
9 substantial 10 proportion
10 proportion 11 of
10 proportion 14 is
11 of 13 intake
12 nutrient 13 intake
14 is 15 from
15 from 19 sources
18 natural 19 sources

in pku patients following dietary treatment , supplementation with micronutrients is a necessity and vitamins and minerals should either be added to supplement phenylalanine - free [l] - amino acids [or] given separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 in 3 patients
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 supplementation
2 pku 3 patients
3 patients 4 following
4 following 6 treatment
5 dietary 6 treatment
8 supplementation 9 with
8 supplementation 11 is
9 with 10 micronutrients
11 is 14 and
12 a 13 necessity
13 necessity 14 and
14 and 15 vitamins
16 and 17 minerals
16 and 21 added
17 minerals 18 should
18 should 20 be
19 either 20 be
20 be 21 added
21 added 22 to
21 added 23 supplement
22 to 23 supplement
23 supplement 24 phenylalanine
24 phenylalanine 30 acids
25 - 30 acids
26 free 28 -
26 free 30 acids
29 amino 30 acids
30 acids 32 given
30 acids 34 .
32 given 33 separately

in this literature review of papers published since 1990 , the prevalence [of] vitamin and mineral deficiency is described , with reference to age of treatment [commencement] , type of treatment , dietary compliance , and dietary practices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 4 review
1 in 17 deficiency
2 this 4 review
3 literature 4 review
4 review 5 of
5 of 15 and
6 papers 7 published
6 papers 8 since
6 papers 10 ,
8 since 9 1990
10 , 14 vitamin
10 , 15 and
11 the 14 vitamin
12 prevalence 14 vitamin
15 and 16 mineral
17 deficiency 18 is
18 is 19 described
19 described 21 with
20 , 21 with
21 with 22 reference
21 with 23 to
21 with 28 ,
23 to 24 age
24 age 25 of
25 of 26 treatment
28 , 36 and
29 type 30 of
30 of 31 treatment
30 of 32 ,
32 , 34 compliance
32 , 36 and
33 dietary 34 compliance
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 practices
37 dietary 38 practices

biological micronutrient inadequacies have been mainly reported for zinc , selenium , iron , vitamin b12 and folate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inadequacies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 biological 3 inadequacies
2 micronutrient 3 inadequacies
3 inadequacies 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 7 reported
6 mainly 7 reported
7 reported 8 for
8 for 17 and
9 zinc 10 ,
10 , 11 selenium
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 iron
12 , 14 ,
14 , 16 b12
14 , 17 and
15 vitamin 16 b12
17 and 18 folate

the aetiology of these results and possible clinical and biological implications are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 aetiology
2 aetiology 3 of
2 aetiology 6 and
3 of 5 results
4 these 5 results
6 and 7 possible
6 and 11 implications
8 clinical 9 and
9 and 10 biological
9 and 11 implications
11 implications 12 are
12 are 13 discussed

in pku there is not a simple relationship between the dietary intake and nutritional status , and there are many independent and interrelated complex factors that should be considered other than quantitative nutritional intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 pku
1 in 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 5 not
4 is 8 relationship
4 is 9 between
6 a 7 simple
6 a 8 relationship
7 simple 8 relationship
9 between 13 and
10 the 12 intake
11 dietary 12 intake
12 intake 13 and
13 and 15 status
13 and 16 ,
14 nutritional 15 status
17 and 18 there
17 and 19 are
18 there 19 are
19 are 22 and
20 many 22 and
21 independent 22 and
22 and 24 complex
22 and 25 factors
22 and 29 considered
23 interrelated 24 complex
25 factors 26 that
25 factors 27 should
25 factors 29 considered
26 that 27 should
27 should 28 be
29 considered 31 than
30 other 31 than
31 than 34 intake
32 quantitative 34 intake
33 nutritional 34 intake

somatic stem cells ensure tissue renewal along life and healing of injuries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ensure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 somatic 2 stem
2 stem 3 cells
3 cells 4 ensure
4 ensure 6 renewal
4 ensure 7 along
5 tissue 6 renewal
7 along 9 and
8 life 9 and
9 and 10 healing
10 healing 11 of
11 of 12 injuries

their safe isolation , genetic manipulation [ex] [vivo] and reinfusion in patients suffering from life threatening immune deficiencies ( for example , severe combined immunodeficiency ( scid ) ) have demonstrated the efficacy [of] ex vivo gene therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 their 3 isolation
2 safe 3 isolation
3 isolation 4 ,
4 , 6 manipulation
4 , 9 and
5 genetic 6 manipulation
9 and 10 reinfusion
9 and 11 in
11 in 12 patients
12 patients 13 suffering
13 suffering 14 from
13 suffering 36 vivo
13 suffering 38 therapy
14 from 15 life
15 life 16 threatening
16 threatening 18 deficiencies
16 threatening 31 demonstrated
17 immune 18 deficiencies
18 deficiencies 21 example
18 deficiencies 30 have
19 ( 21 example
20 for 21 example
21 example 22 ,
21 example 25 immunodeficiency
21 example 29 )
23 severe 25 immunodeficiency
24 combined 25 immunodeficiency
25 immunodeficiency 27 scid
26 ( 27 scid
27 scid 28 )
30 have 31 demonstrated
31 demonstrated 33 efficacy
32 the 33 efficacy
35 ex 36 vivo
37 gene 38 therapy

similarly , adult epidermal stem cells have the capacity to renew epidermis , the fully differentiated [,] protective envelope of our body . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 6 cells
3 adult 6 cells
4 epidermal 5 stem
5 stem 6 cells
6 cells 7 have
7 have 9 capacity
8 the 9 capacity
9 capacity 10 to
9 capacity 11 renew
10 to 11 renew
11 renew 12 epidermis
12 epidermis 19 envelope
13 , 19 envelope
14 the 19 envelope
15 fully 16 differentiated
16 differentiated 19 envelope
18 protective 19 envelope
19 envelope 20 of
19 envelope 23 .
20 of 22 body
21 our 22 body

stable skin replacement [of] severely burned patients have proven life saving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 stable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 stable 3 replacement
2 skin 3 replacement
3 replacement 6 burned
3 replacement 7 patients
3 replacement 11 saving
5 severely 6 burned
7 patients 8 have
8 have 9 proven
9 proven 10 life
10 life 11 saving

xeroderma pigmentosum ( xp ) is a devastating disease due to severe defects in the repair of mutagenic dna lesions introduced upon exposure to solar radiations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pigmentosum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 xeroderma 2 pigmentosum
2 pigmentosum 4 xp
2 pigmentosum 6 is
3 ( 4 xp
4 xp 5 )
6 is 9 disease
6 is 11 to
6 is 22 upon
7 a 9 disease
8 devastating 9 disease
10 due 11 to
11 to 13 defects
12 severe 13 defects
13 defects 14 in
13 defects 17 of
13 defects 21 introduced
14 in 16 repair
15 the 16 repair
17 of 20 lesions
18 mutagenic 20 lesions
19 dna 20 lesions
22 upon 23 exposure
23 exposure 24 to
24 to 26 radiations
25 solar 26 radiations

most patients die from the consequences of budding hundreds of skin cancers in the absence of photoprotection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 die
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 most 2 patients
2 patients 3 die
3 die 4 from
4 from 6 consequences
5 the 6 consequences
6 consequences 7 of
7 of 8 budding
8 budding 12 cancers
8 budding 13 in
9 hundreds 10 of
9 hundreds 12 cancers
10 of 12 cancers
11 skin 12 cancers
13 in 15 absence
14 the 15 absence
15 absence 16 of
16 of 17 photoprotection

we have developed a safe procedure of genetic correction of epidermal stem cells isolated from xp patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 developed
3 developed 6 procedure
4 a 5 safe
4 a 6 procedure
5 safe 6 procedure
6 procedure 7 of
6 procedure 10 of
7 of 9 correction
8 genetic 9 correction
10 of 13 cells
11 epidermal 12 stem
12 stem 13 cells
13 cells 14 isolated
14 isolated 15 from
15 from 17 patients
16 xp 17 patients

preclinical and safety assessments indicate successful correction of xp epidermal stem cells in the long term and their capacity to regenerate a normal skin with full capacities of dna repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 preclinical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 regenerate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 and 4 assessments
2 and 5 indicate
3 safety 4 assessments
4 assessments 5 indicate
5 indicate 7 correction
5 indicate 13 in
5 indicate 20 to
6 successful 7 correction
7 correction 8 of
8 of 12 cells
9 xp 12 cells
10 epidermal 11 stem
11 stem 12 cells
13 in 17 and
14 the 16 term
15 long 16 term
16 term 17 and
17 and 19 capacity
18 their 19 capacity
20 to 21 regenerate
21 regenerate 24 skin
21 regenerate 25 with
22 a 23 normal
22 a 24 skin
23 normal 24 skin
25 with 27 capacities
26 full 27 capacities
27 capacities 28 of
28 of 30 repair
29 dna 30 repair

aberrant psychological and behavioral symptoms are common in patients with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 aberrant 5 symptoms
2 psychological 3 and
3 and 4 behavioral
3 and 5 symptoms
5 symptoms 6 are
6 are 7 common
7 common 8 in
7 common 10 with
8 in 9 patients
10 with 11 dementia

these symptoms have negative consequences for family caregivers , causing stress and burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 have
3 have 5 consequences
4 negative 5 consequences
5 consequences 6 for
6 for 12 and
7 family 8 caregivers
8 caregivers 9 ,
9 , 11 stress
9 , 12 and
10 causing 11 stress
12 and 13 burden

frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) symptoms cause more pronounced stress and burden on caregivers than those associated with alzheimer dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 frontotemporal 6 symptoms
2 dementia 4 ftd
2 dementia 6 symptoms
3 ( 4 ftd
4 ftd 5 )
6 symptoms 11 and
7 cause 10 stress
7 cause 11 and
8 more 10 stress
9 pronounced 10 stress
11 and 12 burden
11 and 13 on
11 and 15 than
13 on 14 caregivers
15 than 16 those
16 those 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 20 dementia
18 with 19 alzheimer

in this randomized , attention control pilot study , [we] delivered 5 - weekly , one - on - one , positive [affect] intervention sessions to family caregivers of people with ftd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 delivered
1 in 3 randomized
1 in 8 study
1 in 11 delivered
2 this 3 randomized
4 , 8 study
5 attention 8 study
6 control 8 study
7 pilot 8 study
8 study 9 ,
11 delivered 12 5
12 5 25 sessions
13 - 25 sessions
14 weekly 16 one
14 weekly 21 ,
14 weekly 25 sessions
15 , 16 one
16 one 18 on
16 one 21 ,
17 - 18 on
18 on 20 one
18 on 21 ,
19 - 20 one
22 positive 25 sessions
24 intervention 25 sessions
25 sessions 26 to
25 sessions 29 of
25 sessions 33 .
26 to 28 caregivers
27 family 28 caregivers
29 of 30 people
30 people 31 with
31 with 32 ftd

the program , life enhancing activities for family caregivers : leaf was conducted in - [person] or by videoconference with caregivers across the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 the 2 program
3 , 9 caregivers
3 , 10 :
4 life 5 enhancing
5 enhancing 6 activities
6 activities 7 for
6 activities 9 caregivers
7 for 8 family
10 : 11 leaf
10 : 13 conducted
10 : 26 .
11 leaf 12 was
12 was 13 conducted
13 conducted 17 or
13 conducted 20 with
13 conducted 22 across
14 in 17 or
15 - 17 or
17 or 18 by
17 or 19 videoconference
20 with 21 caregivers
22 across 25 states
23 the 25 states
24 united 25 states

measures [of] [affect] , caregiver mood , stress , distress , and caregiver burden were assessed at baseline , [end] of sessions , and 1 month after completion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 measures 4 ,
4 , 6 mood
4 , 7 ,
5 caregiver 6 mood
7 , 8 stress
7 , 9 ,
9 , 10 distress
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 burden
12 and 15 were
13 caregiver 14 burden
15 were 16 assessed
16 assessed 24 and
17 at 18 baseline
17 at 24 and
18 baseline 21 of
19 , 21 of
21 of 22 sessions
21 of 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 after
25 1 26 month
26 month 27 after
27 after 28 completion

twenty - four caregivers ( 12 intervention and 12 attention control ) participated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 four
2 - 4 caregivers
4 caregivers 8 and
4 caregivers 13 participated
5 ( 8 and
6 12 7 intervention
7 intervention 8 and
8 and 11 control
8 and 12 )
9 12 11 control
10 attention 11 control

at the end of the intervention , scores on positive [affect] , negative [affect] , burden , and stress all improved in the intervention compared with the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 at 3 end
1 at 7 ,
1 at 18 and
2 the 3 end
3 end 4 of
4 of 6 intervention
5 the 6 intervention
8 scores 9 on
8 scores 18 and
9 on 16 burden
10 positive 12 ,
10 positive 16 burden
13 negative 15 ,
13 negative 16 burden
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 stress
18 and 21 improved
18 and 29 group
20 all 21 improved
21 improved 22 in
22 in 24 intervention
23 the 24 intervention
24 intervention 25 compared
24 intervention 26 with
26 with 28 control
27 the 28 control

these scores continued to show improvement at the assessment done 1 month after intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 continued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 scores
2 scores 3 continued
3 continued 4 to
3 continued 5 show
4 to 5 show
5 show 6 improvement
5 show 12 month
5 show 13 after
6 improvement 7 at
7 at 9 assessment
8 the 9 assessment
9 assessment 10 done
11 1 12 month
13 after 14 intervention

subjects were receptive to the skills and the delivery methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 receptive
3 receptive 4 to
4 to 7 and
5 the 6 skills
6 skills 7 and
7 and 10 methods
8 the 10 methods
9 delivery 10 methods

the positive emotion skill - building intervention proved feasible especially in the internet videoconference delivery format . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 skill
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 proved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 4 skill
2 positive 3 emotion
3 emotion 4 skill
5 - 6 building
5 - 8 proved
6 building 7 intervention
6 building 8 proved
8 proved 9 feasible
9 feasible 10 especially
10 especially 11 in
11 in 16 format
12 the 16 format
13 internet 14 videoconference
14 videoconference 16 format
15 delivery 16 format

the intervention promoted positive [affect] and improved psychological outcomes for family caregivers of people with ftd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 promoted
2 intervention 6 and
3 promoted 4 positive
6 and 9 outcomes
6 and 10 for
7 improved 9 outcomes
8 psychological 9 outcomes
10 for 12 caregivers
11 family 12 caregivers
12 caregivers 13 of
12 caregivers 15 with
13 of 14 people
15 with 16 ftd

purpose : recently , a large genome - wide association study has revealed that polymorphism of alleles and genotypes in rs3,764,650 within abca7 [gene] is associated with alzheimer disease in whites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 recently
4 , 7 genome
4 , 8 -
5 a 7 genome
6 large 7 genome
8 - 11 study
8 - 13 revealed
9 wide 10 association
10 association 11 study
11 study 12 has
12 has 13 revealed
13 revealed 15 polymorphism
13 revealed 26 associated
14 that 15 polymorphism
15 polymorphism 16 of
15 polymorphism 25 is
16 of 18 and
17 alleles 18 and
18 and 19 genotypes
18 and 20 in
18 and 21 rs3,764,650
21 rs3,764,650 22 within
22 within 23 abca7
25 is 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 28 alzheimer
27 with 29 disease
29 disease 30 in
30 in 31 whites

we conducted a case - control study to investigate whether these susceptible genetic variants are risk factors for sporadic alzheimer disease ( sad ) in chinese han population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 4 case
3 a 4 case
5 - 6 control
5 - 29 .
6 control 7 study
6 control 8 to
6 control 10 whether
8 to 9 investigate
10 whether 14 variants
10 whether 16 risk
11 these 14 variants
12 susceptible 14 variants
13 genetic 14 variants
14 variants 15 are
15 are 16 risk
16 risk 17 factors
16 risk 18 for
16 risk 25 in
18 for 21 disease
19 sporadic 21 disease
20 alzheimer 21 disease
21 disease 23 sad
22 ( 23 sad
23 sad 24 )
25 in 28 population
26 chinese 28 population
27 han 28 population

design and methods : a total of 633 participants consisting of 350 sad and 283 nondemented elderly controls matched for sex and age were recruited and genetic variants in abca7 ( rs3,764,650 ) were genotyped using dna sequencing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 14 and
4 : 22 and
4 : 26 and
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
6 total 10 consisting
6 total 14 and
7 of 9 participants
8 633 9 participants
10 consisting 11 of
11 of 13 sad
12 350 13 sad
14 and 18 controls
15 283 18 controls
16 nondemented 18 controls
17 elderly 18 controls
18 controls 19 matched
18 controls 20 for
20 for 21 sex
22 and 23 age
22 and 25 recruited
23 age 24 were
24 were 25 recruited
26 and 28 variants
26 and 35 genotyped
27 genetic 28 variants
28 variants 29 in
28 variants 32 rs3,764,650
28 variants 34 were
29 in 30 abca7
31 ( 32 rs3,764,650
32 rs3,764,650 33 )
34 were 35 genotyped
35 genotyped 36 using
36 using 38 sequencing
37 dna 38 sequencing

results : on the basis of allele and [genotype] frequencies in both groups , we found a significant association ( p=0.004 ) between abca7 [genotypes] and sad in chinese han population , and the results were influenced by age and apoeε4 status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 on
3 on 8 and
4 the 5 basis
5 basis 6 of
5 basis 8 and
6 of 7 allele
8 and 10 frequencies
8 and 14 ,
8 and 15 we
8 and 16 found
10 frequencies 11 in
11 in 13 groups
12 both 13 groups
15 we 16 found
16 found 19 association
16 found 23 between
17 a 19 association
18 significant 19 association
19 association 21 p=0.004
20 ( 21 p=0.004
21 p=0.004 22 )
23 between 27 sad
24 abca7 26 and
26 and 27 sad
27 sad 28 in
27 sad 37 influenced
28 in 29 chinese
29 chinese 33 and
29 chinese 36 were
30 han 31 population
31 population 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 results
33 and 36 were
34 the 35 results
37 influenced 38 by
38 by 40 and
39 age 40 and
40 and 42 status
40 and 43 .
41 apoeε4 42 status

apoeε4 - carrier and aging [are] linked to enhancing abca7 risk - associated sad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 apoeε4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 carrier
2 - 4 and
2 - 12 -
4 and 5 aging
4 and 7 linked
5 aging 7 linked
7 linked 8 to
7 linked 11 risk
8 to 9 enhancing
9 enhancing 10 abca7
12 - 14 sad
12 - 15 .
13 associated 14 sad

however , the prevalence of the minor allele g in rs3,764,650 within abca7 showed no significant difference between the 2 groups in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 prevalence
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 21 groups
5 of 7 minor
6 the 7 minor
7 minor 8 allele
7 minor 14 showed
8 allele 9 g
8 allele 10 in
8 allele 14 showed
10 in 11 rs3,764,650
11 rs3,764,650 12 within
12 within 13 abca7
14 showed 17 difference
14 showed 18 between
15 no 17 difference
16 significant 17 difference
18 between 20 2
19 the 20 2
21 groups 22 in
22 in 24 study
23 this 24 study

conclusions : abca7 ( rs3,764,650 ) was associated with sad in the chinese population , with both apoeε4 - [carrier] and aging being factors enhancing its risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 abca7
2 : 8 associated
2 : 28 .
3 abca7 5 rs3,764,650
3 abca7 7 was
4 ( 5 rs3,764,650
5 rs3,764,650 6 )
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 21 and
9 with 23 being
10 sad 11 in
10 sad 21 and
11 in 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 chinese 14 population
14 population 16 with
15 , 16 with
16 with 17 both
16 with 18 apoeε4
16 with 19 -
21 and 22 aging
23 being 24 factors
24 factors 25 enhancing
25 enhancing 27 risk
26 its 27 risk

background : dementia and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are underrecognized in community settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 12 underrecognized
2 : 16 .
3 dementia 4 and
4 and 7 impairment
4 and 9 mci
4 and 11 are
5 mild 7 impairment
6 cognitive 7 impairment
8 ( 9 mci
9 mci 10 )
11 are 12 underrecognized
12 underrecognized 13 in
13 in 15 settings
14 community 15 settings

this may be due in part to the lack of brief dementia screening tools available to clinicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 4 due
4 due 6 part
5 in 6 part
6 part 7 to
7 to 9 lack
8 the 9 lack
9 lack 10 of
10 of 12 dementia
11 brief 12 dementia
12 dementia 13 screening
13 screening 14 tools
14 tools 15 available
15 available 16 to
16 to 17 clinicians

we compared 2 brief , informant [-] based screening tests : the ad8 and the informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly ( iqcode ) in a community - based neurology practice in the midwestern united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 10 tests
3 2 10 tests
4 brief 5 ,
4 brief 6 informant
6 informant 8 based
8 based 10 tests
9 screening 10 tests
11 : 14 and
11 : 31 based
12 the 13 ad8
13 ad8 14 and
14 and 17 questionnaire
14 and 30 -
14 and 31 based
15 the 17 questionnaire
16 informant 17 questionnaire
17 questionnaire 18 on
17 questionnaire 27 in
18 on 20 decline
19 cognitive 20 decline
20 decline 21 in
21 in 25 iqcode
22 the 25 iqcode
23 elderly 25 iqcode
24 ( 25 iqcode
25 iqcode 26 )
27 in 29 community
28 a 29 community
31 based 33 practice
31 based 34 in
32 neurology 33 practice
34 in 38 states
35 the 36 midwestern
36 midwestern 38 states
37 united 38 states

methods : we examined 186 consecutive patients ( 44 controls , 13 with mci , and [129] with dementia ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
2 : 21 .
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 7 patients
5 186 7 patients
6 consecutive 7 patients
7 patients 10 controls
7 patients 12 13
8 ( 10 controls
9 44 10 controls
10 controls 11 ,
11 , 12 13
12 13 16 and
12 13 20 )
13 with 14 mci
13 with 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 with
18 with 19 dementia

receiver operator characteristic curves were used to examine the ability of ad8 and iqcode to discriminate between controls [and] mci or dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 curves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 discriminate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 receiver 4 curves
2 operator 4 curves
3 characteristic 4 curves
4 curves 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 13 and
8 examine 15 to
9 the 13 and
10 ability 11 of
10 ability 13 and
11 of 12 ad8
13 and 14 iqcode
15 to 16 discriminate
16 discriminate 17 between
17 between 21 or
18 controls 20 mci
18 controls 21 or
21 or 22 dementia

sensitivity , specificity , predictive values , and likelihood ratios were reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 sensitivity 2 ,
2 , 3 specificity
2 , 4 ,
4 , 6 values
4 , 8 and
5 predictive 6 values
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 ratios
8 and 11 were
9 likelihood 10 ratios
11 were 12 reported

results : ad8 differentiated healthy controls from mci ( p<0.001 [ )(or dementia ( p<0.001 ) , and [mci] from dementia ( p=0.008 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 ad8
2 : 4 differentiated
3 ad8 4 differentiated
4 differentiated 6 controls
4 differentiated 18 and
5 healthy 6 controls
7 from 8 mci
7 from 18 and
8 mci 12 )(or
9 ( 12 )(or
10 p<0.001 12 )(or
12 )(or 13 dementia
12 )(or 15 p<0.001
12 )(or 17 ,
14 ( 15 p<0.001
15 p<0.001 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 from
20 from 21 dementia
21 dementia 23 p=0.008
22 ( 23 p=0.008
23 p=0.008 24 )

the iqcode differentiated controls [and] mci from dementia ( both p<0.001 ) , and between controls [and] mci ( p=0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 iqcode
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differentiated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 iqcode
2 iqcode 3 differentiated
3 differentiated 4 controls
4 controls 6 mci
4 controls 14 and
7 from 8 dementia
7 from 14 and
8 dementia 11 p<0.001
9 ( 11 p<0.001
10 both 11 p<0.001
11 p<0.001 12 )
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 between
15 between 16 controls
16 controls 18 mci
16 controls 20 p=0.002
19 ( 20 p=0.002
20 p=0.002 21 )

both ad8 [(] auc=0.953 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.92 - 0.99 [ )(and iqcode ( auc=0.930 , 95 % confidence interval , 0.88 - 0.97 ) provided discrimination between controls and patients with dementia [;] however , the ad8 [had] superior sensitivity detecting dementia ( 99.2 % ) [and] [mci] ( 100 % ) compared with the iqcode ( 79.1 % for dementia , 46.1 % for mci [ )(with nonoverlapping confidence intervals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 auc=0.953
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ;
1 both 4 auc=0.953
2 ad8 4 auc=0.953
5 ; 9 interval
5 ; 10 ,
6 95 9 interval
7 % 9 interval
8 confidence 9 interval
10 , 11 0.92
10 , 12 -
10 , 15 )(and
11 0.92 12 -
12 - 13 0.99
15 )(and 19 ,
15 )(and 23 interval
16 iqcode 18 auc=0.930
17 ( 18 auc=0.930
18 auc=0.930 19 ,
20 95 21 %
21 % 22 confidence
22 confidence 23 interval
23 interval 25 0.88
23 interval 27 0.97
23 interval 29 provided
24 , 25 0.88
25 0.88 26 -
26 - 27 0.97
27 0.97 28 )
29 provided 30 discrimination
29 provided 31 between
29 provided 35 with
31 between 33 and
32 controls 33 and
33 and 34 patients
35 with 36 dementia
35 with 38 however
35 with 45 detecting
38 however 39 ,
40 the 45 detecting
41 ad8 45 detecting
43 superior 45 detecting
44 sensitivity 45 detecting
45 detecting 46 dementia
45 detecting 57 compared
46 dementia 49 %
46 dementia 55 %
46 dementia 57 compared
47 ( 49 %
48 99.2 49 %
49 % 50 )
53 ( 55 %
54 100 55 %
55 % 56 )
57 compared 58 with
58 with 60 iqcode
59 the 60 iqcode
60 iqcode 63 %
60 iqcode 68 %
61 ( 63 %
62 79.1 63 %
63 % 64 for
63 % 66 ,
64 for 65 dementia
66 , 68 %
67 46.1 68 %
68 % 69 for
68 % 72 )(with
68 % 76 .
69 for 70 mci
72 )(with 75 intervals
73 nonoverlapping 75 intervals
74 confidence 75 intervals

using published cut - offs ( ad8≥2 , iqcode≥3.4 ) , only 1 case of dementia was missed with the ad8 , whereas the iqcode failed to detect dementia in 27 individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 using 2 published
2 published 3 cut
4 - 5 offs
4 - 11 ,
5 offs 7 ad8≥2
6 ( 7 ad8≥2
7 ad8≥2 9 iqcode≥3.4
7 ad8≥2 11 ,
8 , 9 iqcode≥3.4
9 iqcode≥3.4 10 )
11 , 12 only
11 , 26 failed
12 only 14 case
13 1 14 case
14 case 15 of
14 case 17 was
15 of 16 dementia
17 was 18 missed
18 missed 19 with
18 missed 23 whereas
19 with 21 ad8
20 the 21 ad8
22 , 23 whereas
23 whereas 25 iqcode
24 the 25 iqcode
25 iqcode 26 failed
26 failed 27 to
26 failed 28 detect
27 to 28 detect
28 detect 29 dementia
28 detect 30 in
30 in 32 individuals
31 27 32 individuals

the ad8 detected mci in all 13 individuals , whereas the iqcode misclassified 7 individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ad8
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 misclassified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 ad8
2 ad8 3 detected
3 detected 4 mci
3 detected 5 in
3 detected 10 whereas
5 in 8 individuals
6 all 7 13
7 13 8 individuals
9 , 10 whereas
10 whereas 12 iqcode
11 the 12 iqcode
12 iqcode 13 misclassified
13 misclassified 15 individuals
14 7 15 individuals

conclusions : both the ad8 and iqcode were able to detect dementia in a community setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 6 and
2 : 8 were
3 both 6 and
4 the 5 ad8
5 ad8 6 and
6 and 7 iqcode
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 able
9 able 10 to
9 able 11 detect
10 to 11 detect
11 detect 12 dementia
11 detect 13 in
13 in 15 community
14 a 15 community
15 community 16 setting

the ad8 , however , was more successful than iqcode in detecting mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ad8
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 ad8
2 ad8 6 was
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 was
6 was 8 successful
7 more 8 successful
8 successful 9 than
8 successful 11 in
9 than 10 iqcode
11 in 12 detecting
12 detecting 13 mci

background and purpose : the extensive application of advanced mr imaging techniques has undoubtedly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
4 : 7 application
4 : 15 improved
4 : 25 .
5 the 7 application
6 extensive 7 application
7 application 8 of
7 application 13 has
8 of 10 mr
9 advanced 10 mr
10 mr 11 imaging
11 imaging 12 techniques
13 has 15 improved
14 undoubtedly 15 improved
15 improved 17 knowledge
16 our 17 knowledge
17 knowledge 18 of
18 of 20 pathophysiology
19 the 20 pathophysiology
20 pathophysiology 21 of
21 of 24 sclerosis
22 amyotrophic 24 sclerosis
23 lateral 24 sclerosis

nevertheless , the precise extent of [neurodegeneration] throughout the central nervous system is not fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 extent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 5 extent
3 the 5 extent
4 precise 5 extent
5 extent 6 of
5 extent 13 is
6 of 8 throughout
8 throughout 12 system
9 the 12 system
10 central 12 system
11 nervous 12 system
13 is 14 not
13 is 16 understood
15 fully 16 understood

in the present study , we assessed the spatial distribution of cortical damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by using a cortical thickness measurement approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 assessed
7 assessed 10 distribution
7 assessed 14 in
7 assessed 18 by
8 the 10 distribution
9 spatial 10 distribution
10 distribution 11 of
11 of 13 damage
12 cortical 13 damage
14 in 17 sclerosis
15 amyotrophic 17 sclerosis
16 lateral 17 sclerosis
18 by 19 using
19 using 24 approach
20 a 21 cortical
20 a 24 approach
21 cortical 22 thickness
22 thickness 24 approach
23 measurement 24 approach

materials and methods : surface - based morphometry was performed on 20 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 18 age - and sex - matched healthy control participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 surface
6 - 8 morphometry
6 - 10 performed
6 - 18 and
7 based 8 morphometry
8 morphometry 9 was
9 was 10 performed
10 performed 11 on
11 on 13 patients
12 20 13 patients
13 patients 14 with
14 with 17 sclerosis
15 amyotrophic 17 sclerosis
16 lateral 17 sclerosis
18 and 22 and
18 and 25 matched
19 18 20 age
20 age 22 and
21 - 22 and
22 and 23 sex
22 and 24 -
22 and 25 matched
25 matched 28 participants
26 healthy 27 control
27 control 28 participants

clinical scores of disability and disease progression were correlated with measures of cortical thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 clinical 2 scores
2 scores 3 of
2 scores 5 and
3 of 5 and
4 disability 5 and
5 and 7 progression
5 and 8 were
6 disease 7 progression
8 were 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 11 measures
11 measures 12 of
12 of 14 thickness
13 cortical 14 thickness

results : the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis showed a significant cortical thinning [in] multiple motor and extramotor cortical areas when compared with healthy control participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 9 showed
2 : 27 .
3 the 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 9 showed
5 with 8 sclerosis
6 amyotrophic 8 sclerosis
7 lateral 8 sclerosis
9 showed 17 and
9 showed 20 areas
9 showed 21 when
10 a 11 significant
10 a 16 motor
11 significant 15 multiple
12 cortical 15 multiple
13 thinning 15 multiple
15 multiple 16 motor
16 motor 17 and
17 and 18 extramotor
19 cortical 20 areas
21 when 22 compared
22 compared 23 with
23 with 26 participants
24 healthy 25 control
25 control 26 participants

gray matter loss was significantly related to disease disability in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex ( p = [.] 04 [ )( to disease duration in the right premotor cortex ( p = [.] 007 ) , [and] [to] disease progression rate in the left parahippocampal cortex ( [p] = [.] 03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gray
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
2 matter 3 loss
2 matter 4 was
2 matter 6 related
3 loss 4 was
5 significantly 6 related
6 related 7 to
6 related 10 in
7 to 9 disability
8 disease 9 disability
10 in 15 cortex
11 the 15 cortex
12 left 15 cortex
13 lateral 15 cortex
14 orbitofrontal 15 cortex
15 cortex 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 20 04
20 04 23 to
23 to 25 duration
24 disease 25 duration
25 duration 26 in
26 in 30 cortex
27 the 30 cortex
28 right 30 cortex
29 premotor 30 cortex
30 cortex 33 =
30 cortex 42 rate
31 ( 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 35 007
33 = 36 )
37 , 42 rate
40 disease 41 progression
41 progression 42 rate
42 rate 43 in
42 rate 54 .
43 in 47 cortex
44 the 47 cortex
45 left 47 cortex
46 parahippocampal 47 cortex
47 cortex 52 03
48 ( 52 03
50 = 52 03
52 03 53 )

conclusions : cortical thinning of the motor cortex might reflect upper motor neuron impairment , whereas the extramotor involvement seems to be related to disease disability , progression , and duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 cortical
2 : 10 reflect
2 : 15 ,
2 : 27 ,
3 cortical 4 thinning
3 cortical 5 of
3 cortical 9 might
5 of 8 cortex
6 the 8 cortex
7 motor 8 cortex
9 might 10 reflect
10 reflect 14 impairment
11 upper 12 motor
12 motor 13 neuron
13 neuron 14 impairment
15 , 19 involvement
15 , 20 seems
16 whereas 18 extramotor
16 whereas 19 involvement
17 the 18 extramotor
19 involvement 20 seems
20 seems 21 to
20 seems 23 related
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 related
23 related 24 to
24 to 26 disability
25 disease 26 disability
27 , 30 and
28 progression 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 duration

the cortical pattern of neurodegeneration depicted resembles what has already been described in frontotemporal dementia , thereby providing further structural evidence of [a] [continuum] between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 resembles
1 the 3 pattern
2 cortical 3 pattern
3 pattern 4 of
3 pattern 6 depicted
3 pattern 7 resembles
4 of 5 neurodegeneration
7 resembles 8 what
7 resembles 18 providing
8 what 9 has
9 has 11 been
10 already 11 been
11 been 12 described
12 described 13 in
13 in 15 dementia
14 frontotemporal 15 dementia
16 , 18 providing
17 thereby 18 providing
18 providing 21 evidence
18 providing 32 .
19 further 21 evidence
20 structural 21 evidence
21 evidence 22 of
22 of 25 between
25 between 29 and
26 amyotrophic 28 sclerosis
27 lateral 28 sclerosis
28 sclerosis 29 and
29 and 31 dementia
30 frontotemporal 31 dementia

objective : to examine baseline prestroke weight loss and poststroke mortality among men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 9 and
4 examine 12 among
5 baseline 8 loss
6 prestroke 7 weight
7 weight 8 loss
8 loss 9 and
9 and 11 mortality
10 poststroke 11 mortality
12 among 13 men

design : longitudinal study of late - life prestroke body mass index [(] bmi ) , weight loss , and bmi change ( midlife to late life ) with up to 8 - year incident stroke [and] mortality [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 29 with
2 : 41 up
3 longitudinal 4 study
4 study 5 of
5 of 17 weight
6 late 14 bmi
6 late 16 ,
6 late 17 weight
7 - 14 bmi
8 life 9 prestroke
9 prestroke 10 body
10 body 12 index
11 mass 12 index
12 index 14 bmi
14 bmi 15 )
17 weight 20 and
17 weight 22 change
17 weight 24 midlife
18 loss 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 bmi
20 and 22 change
23 ( 24 midlife
24 midlife 25 to
24 midlife 28 )
25 to 27 life
26 late 27 life
29 with 32 8
30 up 31 to
31 to 32 8
32 8 38 mortality
33 - 38 mortality
34 year 38 mortality
35 incident 36 stroke
36 stroke 38 mortality
38 mortality 40 -

setting : community - based aging study data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 community
4 - 8 data
4 - 9 .
5 based 7 study
6 aging 7 study
7 study 8 data

participants : japanese - american men ( n=3581 ; age range , 71 - [93y] [ )(who were stroke free at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 stroke
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 6 men
3 japanese 4 -
3 japanese 5 american
5 american 6 men
6 men 8 n=3581
7 ( 8 n=3581
8 n=3581 9 ;
9 ; 10 age
9 ; 12 ,
10 age 11 range
12 , 13 71
12 , 14 -
13 71 14 -
14 - 17 )(who
17 )(who 18 were
17 )(who 19 stroke
18 were 19 stroke
19 stroke 20 free
19 stroke 21 at
21 at 22 baseline

interventions : not applicable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 interventions 2 :
2 : 3 not
2 : 4 applicable

main outcome measure : poststroke mortality : 30 days poststroke , analyzed with stepwise multivariable logistic regression [;] and long - term poststroke ( up to 8y ) , analyzed with stepwise multivariable cox regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measure
4 : 6 mortality
4 : 7 :
5 poststroke 6 mortality
6 mortality 7 :
7 : 9 days
8 30 9 days
9 days 10 poststroke
9 days 30 analyzed
10 poststroke 12 analyzed
10 poststroke 30 analyzed
11 , 12 analyzed
12 analyzed 13 with
12 analyzed 29 ,
13 with 19 and
14 stepwise 17 regression
15 multivariable 17 regression
16 logistic 17 regression
17 regression 19 and
19 and 20 long
19 and 23 poststroke
21 - 23 poststroke
22 term 23 poststroke
23 poststroke 25 up
23 poststroke 29 ,
24 ( 25 up
25 up 26 to
25 up 28 )
26 to 27 8y
30 analyzed 31 with
30 analyzed 35 regression
31 with 34 cox
32 stepwise 34 cox
33 multivariable 34 cox

results : weight loss ( 4.5 kg [decrements] ) was associated with increased 30 [-] day poststroke mortality ( adjusted odds ratio=1.48 [;] 95 % confidence interval [ ci ] , 1.14 - 1.92 [ )(, long - term mortality after incident stroke ( all types , n=225 [;] adjusted hazards ratio ( ahr )=1.25 [;] 95 % ci , 1.09 - 1.44 ) [,] [and] long - term mortality after incident thromboembolic stroke ( n=153 [;] ahr=1.19 [;] 95 % ci , 1.01 to 1.40 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 loss
2 : 11 associated
3 weight 4 loss
4 loss 7 kg
4 loss 10 was
5 ( 7 kg
6 4.5 7 kg
7 kg 9 )
10 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 18 mortality
13 increased 18 mortality
14 30 16 day
16 day 18 mortality
17 poststroke 18 mortality
18 mortality 27 interval
19 ( 27 interval
20 adjusted 27 interval
21 odds 26 confidence
22 ratio=1.48 26 confidence
24 95 25 %
25 % 26 confidence
26 confidence 27 interval
27 interval 29 ci
27 interval 31 ,
28 [ 29 ci
29 ci 30 ]
31 , 33 -
32 1.14 33 -
33 - 34 1.92
33 - 36 )(,
33 - 39 term
37 long 38 -
37 long 39 term
39 term 40 mortality
40 mortality 41 after
40 mortality 51 hazards
41 after 43 stroke
42 incident 43 stroke
43 stroke 46 types
44 ( 46 types
45 all 46 types
46 types 47 ,
47 , 51 hazards
48 n=225 51 hazards
50 adjusted 51 hazards
51 hazards 60 ,
52 ratio 59 ci
53 ( 59 ci
54 ahr 55 )=1.25
55 )=1.25 59 ci
57 95 59 ci
58 % 59 ci
59 ci 60 ,
60 , 62 -
61 1.09 62 -
62 - 63 1.44
62 - 64 )
62 - 70 mortality
67 long 68 -
67 long 69 term
69 term 70 mortality
70 mortality 71 after
70 mortality 82 ci
71 after 74 stroke
72 incident 74 stroke
73 thromboembolic 74 stroke
75 ( 82 ci
76 n=153 82 ci
78 ahr=1.19 82 ci
80 95 82 ci
81 % 82 ci
82 ci 85 to
82 ci 88 .
83 , 85 to
84 1.01 85 to
85 to 86 1.40
85 to 87 )

men with overweight/obese late - life bmi ( ≥25 [kg] / [m] ( 2 ) , compared with healthy/underweight bmi ) had increased long - term mortality after incident hemorrhagic stroke [(] n=54 ; ahr=2.27 ; 95 % ci , 1.07 - 4.82 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 )(
1 men 2 with
1 men 23 increased
2 with 6 life
3 overweight/obese 6 life
4 late 5 -
4 late 6 life
6 life 7 bmi
6 life 22 had
7 bmi 11 /
7 bmi 22 had
8 ( 11 /
9 ≥25 11 /
11 / 14 2
11 / 17 compared
11 / 21 )
13 ( 14 2
14 2 15 )
16 , 17 compared
17 compared 18 with
17 compared 21 )
18 with 19 healthy/underweight
18 with 20 bmi
23 increased 27 mortality
24 long 25 -
24 long 26 term
26 term 27 mortality
27 mortality 28 after
28 after 33 n=54
29 incident 33 n=54
30 hemorrhagic 31 stroke
31 stroke 33 n=54
34 ; 35 ahr=2.27
34 ; 36 ;
36 ; 39 ci
36 ; 40 ,
37 95 39 ci
38 % 39 ci
40 , 41 1.07
40 , 42 -
41 1.07 42 -
42 - 43 4.82

neither desirable nor excessive bmi reductions ( [vs] no change/increased bmi ) were associated with poststroke mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reductions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 neither 3 nor
2 desirable 3 nor
3 nor 4 excessive
3 nor 6 reductions
5 bmi 6 reductions
6 reductions 11 bmi
6 reductions 13 were
7 ( 11 bmi
9 no 11 bmi
10 change/increased 11 bmi
11 bmi 12 )
13 were 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 mortality
16 poststroke 17 mortality

conclusions : although obesity is a risk factor for stroke incidence [,] prestroke weight loss was associated with increased poststroke ( all types and thromboembolic ) mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 15 loss
2 : 17 associated
3 although 4 obesity
3 although 5 is
3 although 15 loss
4 obesity 5 is
5 is 8 factor
6 a 8 factor
7 risk 8 factor
9 for 13 prestroke
9 for 15 loss
10 stroke 13 prestroke
11 incidence 13 prestroke
14 weight 15 loss
15 loss 16 was
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 poststroke
19 increased 20 poststroke
20 poststroke 24 and
21 ( 24 and
22 all 23 types
23 types 24 and
24 and 27 mortality
24 and 28 .
25 thromboembolic 26 )
25 thromboembolic 27 mortality

overweight/obese late - life bmi was associated with increased posthemorrhagic stroke mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 overweight/obese 5 bmi
2 late 3 -
2 late 4 life
4 life 5 bmi
5 bmi 6 was
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 12 mortality
9 increased 11 stroke
10 posthemorrhagic 11 stroke
11 stroke 12 mortality

desirable and excessive bmi reductions were not associated with poststroke mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reductions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 desirable 2 and
2 and 3 excessive
2 and 5 reductions
4 bmi 5 reductions
5 reductions 6 were
6 were 7 not
6 were 9 with
7 not 8 associated
9 with 11 mortality
10 poststroke 11 mortality

weight loss , underweight late - life bmi , and any bmi reduction were all associated with increased long - term mortality in the overall sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 weight 2 loss
2 loss 3 ,
3 , 8 bmi
3 , 10 and
4 underweight 7 life
5 late 6 -
5 late 7 life
7 life 8 bmi
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 reduction
10 and 14 were
11 any 13 reduction
12 bmi 13 reduction
14 were 15 all
15 all 16 associated
15 all 17 with
17 with 22 mortality
18 increased 21 term
19 long 20 -
19 long 21 term
21 term 22 mortality
22 mortality 23 in
23 in 26 sample
24 the 26 sample
25 overall 26 sample

elevated risk of death from any cause and stroke associated [with] high body mass index ( bmi ) values decline with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 elevated 2 risk
2 risk 3 of
2 risk 8 and
3 of 4 death
4 death 5 from
5 from 7 cause
6 any 7 cause
8 and 15 index
8 and 17 bmi
8 and 19 values
9 stroke 10 associated
10 associated 13 body
12 high 13 body
13 body 15 index
14 mass 15 index
16 ( 17 bmi
17 bmi 18 )
19 values 20 decline
20 decline 21 with
21 with 22 aging

however , it is not clear whether the effect of obesity on the incidence [of] hypertension varies by sex or age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 not
4 is 6 clear
5 not 6 clear
6 clear 7 whether
7 whether 9 effect
7 whether 17 varies
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
9 effect 17 varies
10 of 11 obesity
11 obesity 12 on
12 on 16 hypertension
13 the 16 hypertension
14 incidence 16 hypertension
17 varies 18 by
18 by 20 or
19 sex 20 or
20 or 21 age

cox regression analyses were performed using a large historical cohort composed of 6803 men and 22,800 women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 cox 2 regression
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 performed
5 performed 6 using
6 using 15 and
7 a 8 large
7 a 10 cohort
8 large 10 cohort
9 historical 10 cohort
10 cohort 12 of
10 cohort 15 and
11 composed 12 of
12 of 14 men
13 6803 14 men
15 and 17 women
16 22,800 17 women

in the next step , the effect of bmi on the incidence [of] hypertension stratified by sex was evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 4 step
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 effect
2 the 3 next
2 the 4 step
6 the 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
7 effect 18 was
8 of 9 bmi
9 bmi 10 on
10 on 14 hypertension
11 the 14 hypertension
12 incidence 14 hypertension
14 hypertension 15 stratified
15 stratified 16 by
16 by 17 sex
18 was 19 evaluated

the effect of obesity on the incidence [of] hypertension is stronger in women than in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 10 is
3 of 4 obesity
4 obesity 5 on
5 on 9 hypertension
6 the 9 hypertension
7 incidence 9 hypertension
10 is 11 stronger
11 stronger 12 in
11 stronger 14 than
12 in 13 women
14 than 15 in
15 in 16 men

background : vitamin e includes eight natural antioxidant compounds ( four tocopherols and four tocotrienols ) , but α - tocopherol has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 vitamin
2 : 5 includes
2 : 20 -
2 : 38 .
3 vitamin 4 e
3 vitamin 5 includes
5 includes 9 compounds
5 includes 18 but
6 eight 9 compounds
7 natural 9 compounds
8 antioxidant 9 compounds
9 compounds 13 and
10 ( 13 and
11 four 12 tocopherols
12 tocopherols 13 and
13 and 15 tocotrienols
13 and 16 )
14 four 15 tocotrienols
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 α
18 but 20 -
20 - 21 tocopherol
20 - 23 been
21 tocopherol 22 has
22 has 23 been
23 been 26 focus
23 been 29 in
24 the 26 focus
25 main 26 focus
26 focus 27 of
27 of 28 investigation
29 in 30 studies
30 studies 31 of
31 of 34 and
32 cognitive 33 impairment
33 impairment 34 and
34 and 37 disease
35 alzheimer 36 's
36 's 37 disease

objective : to investigate the association between serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols , markers of vitamin e oxidative/nitrosative damage ( α - tocopherylquinone , 5 [-] nitro - γ - tocopherol ) and incidence of cognitive impairment in a population - based study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 14 ,
2 : 42 -
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 association
4 investigate 7 between
5 the 6 association
7 between 9 levels
8 serum 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 tocopherols 12 and
12 and 13 tocotrienols
14 , 34 and
15 markers 16 of
15 markers 34 and
16 of 20 damage
17 vitamin 18 e
17 vitamin 20 damage
19 oxidative/nitrosative 20 damage
20 damage 32 tocopherol
21 ( 32 tocopherol
22 α 23 -
22 α 32 tocopherol
24 tocopherylquinone 30 γ
24 tocopherylquinone 32 tocopherol
25 , 30 γ
26 5 30 γ
28 nitro 29 -
28 nitro 30 γ
30 γ 31 -
32 tocopherol 33 )
34 and 35 incidence
34 and 36 of
36 of 38 impairment
37 cognitive 38 impairment
38 impairment 39 in
39 in 41 population
40 a 41 population
42 - 44 study
43 based 44 study

design : a sample of 140 [non] - cognitively impaired elderly subjects derived from the cardiovascular risk factors , aging , and dementia ( caide ) study was followed - up for 8years to detect cognitive impairment , defined as development of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) or alzheimer 's dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 sample
3 a 4 sample
4 sample 5 of
5 of 6 140
8 - 12 subjects
9 cognitively 10 impaired
10 impaired 12 subjects
11 elderly 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 derived
12 subjects 14 from
14 from 22 and
15 the 18 factors
16 cardiovascular 17 risk
17 risk 18 factors
18 factors 19 ,
19 , 20 aging
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 caide
22 and 27 study
22 and 28 was
22 and 29 followed
23 dementia 25 caide
24 ( 25 caide
25 caide 26 )
27 study 28 was
29 followed 31 up
29 followed 39 defined
29 followed 40 as
30 - 31 up
31 up 32 for
31 up 38 ,
32 for 33 8years
33 8years 34 to
33 8years 35 detect
34 to 35 detect
35 detect 37 impairment
36 cognitive 37 impairment
38 , 39 defined
40 as 49 or
41 development 42 of
41 development 49 or
42 of 45 impairment
43 mild 45 impairment
44 cognitive 45 impairment
45 impairment 47 mci
46 ( 47 mci
47 mci 48 )
49 or 52 dementia
49 or 53 .
50 alzheimer 51 's
51 's 52 dementia

the association between baseline serum vitamin e and cognitive impairment was analyzed with multiple logistic regression after adjusting for several confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 11 was
3 between 8 and
4 baseline 5 serum
5 serum 6 vitamin
6 vitamin 7 e
6 vitamin 8 and
8 and 10 impairment
9 cognitive 10 impairment
11 was 12 analyzed
12 analyzed 13 with
12 analyzed 17 after
13 with 16 regression
14 multiple 16 regression
15 logistic 16 regression
17 after 18 adjusting
18 adjusting 19 for
19 for 21 confounders
20 several 21 confounders

results : the risk of cognitive impairment was lower in subjects in the middle tertile of the [γ] [-] tocopherol/cholesterol ratio than in those in the lowest tertile : the multiadjusted odds ratio ( or ) with 95 % confidence [interval] ( ci ) was 0.27 ( 0.10 - 0.78 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
2 : 4 risk
2 : 8 was
2 : 22 than
3 the 4 risk
4 risk 5 of
4 risk 8 was
5 of 7 impairment
6 cognitive 7 impairment
8 was 9 lower
9 lower 10 in
9 lower 12 in
10 in 11 subjects
12 in 15 tertile
13 the 15 tertile
14 middle 15 tertile
15 tertile 16 of
16 of 21 ratio
17 the 21 ratio
20 tocopherol/cholesterol 21 ratio
22 than 40 confidence
22 than 45 was
23 in 24 those
23 in 40 confidence
25 in 27 lowest
25 in 40 confidence
26 the 27 lowest
27 lowest 28 tertile
27 lowest 37 with
28 tertile 29 :
29 : 33 ratio
29 : 37 with
30 the 33 ratio
31 multiadjusted 32 odds
32 odds 33 ratio
33 ratio 35 or
34 ( 35 or
35 or 36 )
38 95 39 %
39 % 40 confidence
40 confidence 43 ci
40 confidence 45 was
42 ( 43 ci
43 ci 44 )
45 was 46 0.27
45 was 49 -
47 ( 49 -
48 0.10 49 -
49 - 50 0.78
49 - 51 )

higher incidence [of] cognitive impairment was found in the middle [ or ( 95 % ci ) : 3.41 ( 1.29 - 9.06 ) ] [and] [highest] [ or ( 95 % ci ) : 2.89 ( 1.05 - 7.97 ) []] tertiles of the 5 - no2 - [γ] - tocopherol/γ - tocopherol ratio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
1 higher 2 incidence
2 incidence 5 impairment
4 cognitive 5 impairment
5 impairment 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 in
8 in 10 middle
9 the 10 middle
10 middle 12 or
11 [ 12 or
12 or 16 ci
12 or 17 )
13 ( 16 ci
14 95 16 ci
15 % 16 ci
16 ci 17 )
18 : 19 3.41
18 : 35 :
19 3.41 21 1.29
19 3.41 29 or
20 ( 21 1.29
21 1.29 23 9.06
21 1.29 25 ]
22 - 23 9.06
23 9.06 24 )
28 [ 29 or
29 or 33 ci
29 or 35 :
30 ( 33 ci
31 95 33 ci
32 % 33 ci
33 ci 34 )
35 : 43 tertiles
35 : 51 -
36 2.89 43 tertiles
37 ( 39 -
38 1.05 39 -
39 - 40 7.97
39 - 41 )
39 - 43 tertiles
43 tertiles 44 of
43 tertiles 48 no2
44 of 46 5
45 the 46 5
47 - 48 no2
48 no2 49 -
51 - 52 tocopherol/γ
51 - 53 -
51 - 56 .
53 - 55 ratio
54 tocopherol 55 ratio

analyses of absolute serum levels of vitamin e showed lower risk of cognitive impairment in subjects with higher levels of [γ] [-] tocopherol , β - tocotrienol , and total tocotrienols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 analyses 2 of
1 analyses 9 showed
2 of 5 levels
3 absolute 4 serum
4 serum 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
6 of 7 vitamin
7 vitamin 8 e
9 showed 11 risk
10 lower 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
11 risk 15 in
12 of 14 impairment
13 cognitive 14 impairment
15 in 29 and
16 subjects 17 with
16 subjects 29 and
17 with 19 levels
18 higher 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 23 tocopherol
23 tocopherol 25 β
24 , 25 β
25 β 27 tocotrienol
25 β 28 ,
26 - 27 tocotrienol
27 tocotrienol 28 ,
29 and 31 tocotrienols
30 total 31 tocotrienols

conclusions : elevated levels of tocopherol and tocotrienol forms are associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 and
2 : 11 associated
2 : 21 .
3 elevated 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 7 and
5 of 6 tocopherol
7 and 9 forms
7 and 10 are
8 tocotrienol 9 forms
10 are 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 18 in
12 with 14 risk
13 reduced 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 17 impairment
16 cognitive 17 impairment
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

the association is modulated by concurrent cholesterol concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 is
3 is 4 modulated
4 modulated 5 by
5 by 8 concentration
6 concurrent 7 cholesterol
7 cholesterol 8 concentration

various vitamin e forms might play a role in cognitive impairment , and their evaluation can provide a more accurate measure of vitamin e status in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 various 2 vitamin
2 vitamin 3 e
2 vitamin 4 forms
4 forms 5 might
5 might 13 and
6 play 8 role
6 play 9 in
6 play 13 and
7 a 8 role
9 in 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment
12 , 13 and
13 and 17 provide
13 and 26 in
14 their 15 evaluation
15 evaluation 16 can
16 can 17 provide
17 provide 25 status
18 a 21 measure
19 more 20 accurate
20 accurate 21 measure
21 measure 22 of
21 measure 25 status
22 of 25 status
23 vitamin 24 e
23 vitamin 25 status
26 in 27 humans

objective : to elucidate the etiology of acute respiratory tract infection ( ari ) in hospitalized children in suzhou from 2005 to 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 elucidate
3 to 4 elucidate
4 elucidate 6 etiology
4 elucidate 18 in
5 the 6 etiology
6 etiology 7 of
6 etiology 15 in
7 of 11 infection
8 acute 10 tract
9 respiratory 10 tract
10 tract 11 infection
11 infection 13 ari
12 ( 13 ari
13 ari 14 )
15 in 17 children
16 hospitalized 17 children
18 in 19 suzhou
19 suzhou 22 to
20 from 22 to
21 2005 22 to
22 to 23 2011

methods : a total of 10 243 hospitalized children with ari in children 's hospital affiliated to soochow university from september 2005 to october 2011 were enrolled in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 27 enrolled
2 : 31 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 7 243
4 total 8 hospitalized
4 total 27 enrolled
5 of 6 10
7 243 8 hospitalized
8 hospitalized 9 children
8 hospitalized 10 with
8 hospitalized 17 to
10 with 11 ari
11 ari 12 in
12 in 16 affiliated
13 children 14 's
14 's 16 affiliated
15 hospital 16 affiliated
17 to 19 university
18 soochow 19 university
19 university 20 from
19 university 23 to
19 university 25 2011
19 university 26 were
20 from 21 september
21 september 22 2005
23 to 24 october
25 2011 26 were
27 enrolled 28 in
28 in 30 study
29 the 30 study

the clinical information was collected ; and the nasopharyngeal aspiration fluid and serum samples were sent for multi - pathogen detection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 information
2 clinical 3 information
3 information 4 was
4 was 5 collected
6 ; 7 and
7 and 12 and
7 and 16 sent
8 the 11 fluid
9 nasopharyngeal 10 aspiration
10 aspiration 11 fluid
11 fluid 12 and
12 and 14 samples
12 and 15 were
13 serum 14 samples
15 were 16 sent
16 sent 17 for
17 for 21 detection
18 multi 19 -
18 multi 20 pathogen
20 pathogen 21 detection

respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) , influenza virus type [a] [and] b ( iv - a , iv - b ) , parainfluenza virus type 1 - 3 ( piv - 1 - piv - 3 ) and adenovirus ( adv ) were detected by direct immunofluorescence [assay] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 virus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 respiratory 3 virus
2 syncytial 3 virus
3 virus 5 rsv
3 virus 10 type
3 virus 44 were
4 ( 5 rsv
5 rsv 6 )
7 , 10 type
8 influenza 9 virus
9 virus 10 type
10 type 13 b
10 type 16 -
10 type 20 -
10 type 26 type
10 type 43 )
14 ( 16 -
15 iv 16 -
16 - 17 a
16 - 18 ,
18 , 20 -
19 iv 20 -
20 - 21 b
20 - 22 )
23 , 26 type
24 parainfluenza 26 type
25 virus 26 type
26 type 28 -
26 type 31 piv
26 type 33 1
26 type 43 )
27 1 28 -
28 - 29 3
30 ( 31 piv
31 piv 32 -
32 - 33 1
33 1 39 and
33 1 43 )
34 - 39 and
35 piv 37 3
35 piv 39 and
36 - 37 3
37 3 38 )
39 and 40 adenovirus
39 and 42 adv
39 and 43 )
41 ( 42 adv
42 adv 43 )
44 were 45 detected
45 detected 46 by
46 by 48 immunofluorescence
47 direct 48 immunofluorescence

human bocavirus ( hbov [ )(, mycoplasma pneumoniae ( mp ) and chlamydia pneumoniae ( cp ) were detected by fluorescent quantitative pcr while human metapneumovirus ( hmpv ) was detected by reverse transcription pcr ( rt - pcr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bocavirus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 human 2 bocavirus
2 bocavirus 12 and
2 bocavirus 18 were
3 ( 12 and
4 hbov 8 pneumoniae
4 hbov 12 and
6 )(, 8 pneumoniae
7 mycoplasma 8 pneumoniae
8 pneumoniae 10 mp
8 pneumoniae 11 )
9 ( 10 mp
10 mp 11 )
12 and 14 pneumoniae
12 and 16 cp
12 and 17 )
13 chlamydia 14 pneumoniae
15 ( 16 cp
16 cp 17 )
18 were 19 detected
19 detected 20 by
19 detected 24 while
19 detected 32 by
20 by 23 pcr
21 fluorescent 23 pcr
22 quantitative 23 pcr
24 while 26 metapneumovirus
24 while 31 detected
25 human 26 metapneumovirus
26 metapneumovirus 28 hmpv
26 metapneumovirus 30 was
27 ( 28 hmpv
28 hmpv 29 )
30 was 31 detected
32 by 39 pcr
33 reverse 34 transcription
34 transcription 39 pcr
35 pcr 37 rt
36 ( 37 rt
37 rt 39 pcr
38 - 39 pcr
39 pcr 40 )

sputum culture was applied to detect bacterial infection and quantitative elisa was adopted to detect the specific antibodies of mp and cp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 culture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 applied
1 sputum 2 culture
2 culture 3 was
3 was 4 applied
4 applied 5 to
5 to 9 and
6 detect 8 infection
6 detect 9 and
7 bacterial 8 infection
9 and 15 detect
10 quantitative 11 elisa
11 elisa 12 was
12 was 13 adopted
13 adopted 14 to
14 to 15 detect
15 detect 18 antibodies
16 the 18 antibodies
17 specific 18 antibodies
18 antibodies 19 of
19 of 22 cp
20 mp 21 and
21 and 22 cp
22 cp 23 .

the results of [the] above detections were analyzed , and thereby to explore the prevalent pathogens among different aging children and the seasonal distribution and characteristics of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 10 and
3 of 5 above
5 above 6 detections
7 were 8 analyzed
7 were 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 to
10 and 13 explore
11 thereby 12 to
12 to 13 explore
13 explore 16 pathogens
13 explore 17 among
14 the 16 pathogens
15 prevalent 16 pathogens
17 among 25 and
18 different 20 children
19 aging 20 children
20 children 21 and
21 and 24 distribution
21 and 25 and
22 the 24 distribution
23 seasonal 24 distribution
25 and 26 characteristics
25 and 27 of
27 of 29 disease
28 the 29 disease

mp was the most common pathogen,whose detected rate was 25.74 % ( 2637/10 [243] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mp 9 was
2 was 8 rate
2 was 9 was
3 the 8 rate
4 most 5 common
5 common 6 pathogen,whose
6 pathogen,whose 7 detected
7 detected 8 rate
9 was 11 %
10 25.74 11 %
11 % 13 2637/10
12 ( 13 2637/10
13 2637/10 15 )

the median age of children with rsv ( 6 months ) or piv - 3 ( 8 months ) infection was younger than the median age of all hospitalized children ( 12 months ) ( χ ( 2 ) = 380.992 , 34.826 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 age
2 median 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 21 was
4 of 5 children
5 children 6 with
6 with 20 infection
7 rsv 10 months
7 rsv 12 or
8 ( 10 months
9 6 10 months
10 months 11 )
12 or 13 piv
12 or 20 infection
13 piv 15 3
14 - 15 3
15 3 18 months
15 3 19 )
16 ( 18 months
17 8 18 months
18 months 19 )
21 was 22 younger
23 than 26 age
23 than 40 =
24 the 26 age
25 median 26 age
26 age 27 of
26 age 40 =
27 of 30 children
28 all 29 hospitalized
29 hospitalized 30 children
30 children 33 months
30 children 36 χ
31 ( 33 months
32 12 33 months
33 months 34 )
35 ( 36 χ
36 χ 38 2
36 χ 39 )
37 ( 38 2
38 2 39 )
40 = 41 380.992
41 380.992 43 34.826
42 , 43 34.826
43 34.826 46 <
43 34.826 48 )
44 , 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 47 0.05

while the median age [of] children with adv ( 42 months ) [,] hbov [(] 14 months [ )( iv [-] a ( 24 months ) infection was older than [it] of all hospitalized children ( χ ( 2 [ )(= 83.583 , 13.169 , 18.012 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
1 while 3 median
1 while 4 age
2 the 3 median
4 age 6 children
4 age 7 with
7 with 17 months
8 adv 11 months
8 adv 17 months
9 ( 11 months
10 42 11 months
11 months 12 )
14 hbov 16 14
14 hbov 17 months
17 months 27 infection
17 months 28 was
20 iv 22 a
20 iv 25 months
20 iv 27 infection
23 ( 25 months
24 24 25 months
25 months 26 )
27 infection 28 was
28 was 29 older
29 older 30 than
30 than 32 of
32 of 35 children
33 all 35 children
34 hospitalized 35 children
35 children 37 χ
35 children 44 13.169
36 ( 37 χ
37 χ 41 )(=
37 χ 43 ,
38 ( 41 )(=
39 2 41 )(=
41 )(= 42 83.583
41 )(= 43 ,
43 , 44 13.169
44 13.169 46 18.012
44 13.169 52 .
45 , 46 18.012
46 18.012 49 <
46 18.012 51 )
47 , 49 <
48 p 49 <
49 < 50 0.05
49 < 51 )

the median age of children with mp ( 30 months ),streptococcus pneumoniae ( 17 months ) or haemophilus parainfluenzae ( 21 months [ )(infection was [older] than it of all hospitalized children ( χ ( 2 ) = 728.299 , 60.463 , 8.803 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 parainfluenzae
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 age
2 median 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 17 or
4 of 5 children
5 children 6 with
6 with 7 mp
7 mp 12 pneumoniae
8 ( 12 pneumoniae
9 30 10 months
10 months 11 ),streptococcus
11 ),streptococcus 12 pneumoniae
12 pneumoniae 15 months
12 pneumoniae 16 )
13 ( 15 months
14 17 15 months
15 months 16 )
17 or 18 haemophilus
17 or 19 parainfluenzae
19 parainfluenzae 22 months
19 parainfluenzae 38 =
20 ( 22 months
21 21 22 months
22 months 24 )(infection
22 months 25 was
22 months 34 χ
22 months 37 )
24 )(infection 25 was
25 was 27 than
25 was 28 it
28 it 29 of
29 of 32 children
30 all 32 children
31 hospitalized 32 children
33 ( 34 χ
34 χ 36 2
34 χ 37 )
35 ( 36 2
36 2 37 )
38 = 39 728.299
39 728.299 41 60.463
39 728.299 46 <
40 , 41 60.463
41 60.463 43 8.803
41 60.463 44 ,
42 , 43 8.803
43 8.803 44 ,
44 , 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 47 0.05
46 < 48 )

conversely , the positive rate of mp increased with the age growing ( χ ( 2 ) = 379.21 , p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 5 rate
3 the 5 rate
4 positive 5 rate
5 rate 6 of
5 rate 18 =
6 of 7 mp
7 mp 8 increased
8 increased 9 with
9 with 11 age
10 the 11 age
11 age 12 growing
11 age 14 χ
13 ( 14 χ
14 χ 16 2
14 χ 17 )
15 ( 16 2
16 2 17 )
18 = 19 379.21
19 379.21 22 <
20 , 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.01
22 < 24 )

the rate in the [above] groups was 8.25 % ( 271/3283 ) , 19.46 % ( 380/1953 ) , 33.00 % ( 863/2615 ) , 41.43 % ( 558/1347 ) , 54.07 % ( 565/1045 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 in
2 rate 7 was
3 in 6 groups
4 the 6 groups
7 was 9 %
7 was 38 respectively
8 8.25 9 %
9 % 11 271/3283
9 % 15 %
9 % 21 %
10 ( 11 271/3283
11 271/3283 12 )
13 , 15 %
14 19.46 15 %
15 % 17 380/1953
15 % 19 ,
16 ( 17 380/1953
17 380/1953 18 )
19 , 21 %
20 33.00 21 %
21 % 23 863/2615
21 % 27 %
21 % 33 %
21 % 37 ,
22 ( 23 863/2615
23 863/2615 24 )
25 , 27 %
26 41.43 27 %
27 % 29 558/1347
27 % 31 ,
28 ( 29 558/1347
29 558/1347 30 )
31 , 33 %
32 54.07 33 %
33 % 35 565/1045
33 % 37 ,
34 ( 35 565/1045
35 565/1045 36 )

rsv and iv [-] a were prevalent in winter , whose detected rates were 35.73 % ( 941/2634 ) and 4.44 % ( 117/2634 ) respectively.hmpv infection was common in spring [,] with the detected rate at 10.55 % ( 278/2634 ) [;] [while] hbov infection was common in summer and autumn , with the positive rate at 9.99 % ( 149/1491 ) and 9.71 % ( 98/1009 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 rsv 2 and
2 and 3 iv
2 and 6 were
3 iv 5 a
6 were 7 prevalent
7 prevalent 8 in
8 in 9 winter
10 , 11 whose
11 whose 13 rates
12 detected 13 rates
13 rates 14 were
14 were 20 and
15 35.73 16 %
15 35.73 20 and
16 % 18 941/2634
17 ( 18 941/2634
18 941/2634 19 )
20 and 21 4.44
20 and 27 infection
20 and 28 was
20 and 29 common
21 4.44 22 %
22 % 24 117/2634
22 % 26 respectively.hmpv
23 ( 24 117/2634
24 117/2634 25 )
27 infection 28 was
29 common 30 in
29 common 33 with
30 in 31 spring
33 with 36 rate
34 the 36 rate
35 detected 36 rate
36 rate 37 at
36 rate 46 infection
36 rate 47 was
36 rate 48 common
37 at 39 %
38 10.55 39 %
39 % 41 278/2634
40 ( 41 278/2634
41 278/2634 42 )
45 hbov 46 infection
46 infection 47 was
48 common 49 in
48 common 54 with
49 in 51 and
50 summer 51 and
51 and 52 autumn
51 and 53 ,
54 with 66 %
55 the 56 positive
56 positive 57 rate
57 rate 58 at
58 at 64 and
59 9.99 60 %
59 9.99 64 and
60 % 62 149/1491
61 ( 62 149/1491
62 149/1491 63 )
64 and 65 9.71
65 9.71 66 %
66 % 68 98/1009
67 ( 68 98/1009
68 98/1009 70 )(

mp and cp were frequently detected in summer , up to 31.27 % ( 819/2619 [ )(and 10.07 % ( 43/427 ) respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 mp 2 and
2 and 3 cp
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 frequently
4 were 6 detected
6 detected 7 in
6 detected 23 respectively
7 in 8 summer
8 summer 13 %
9 , 13 %
10 up 11 to
11 to 12 31.27
12 31.27 13 %
13 % 19 %
13 % 22 )
14 ( 19 %
15 819/2619 17 )(and
17 )(and 18 10.07
17 )(and 19 %
19 % 21 43/427
19 % 22 )
20 ( 21 43/427
21 43/427 22 )

rsv was the most common pathogen in bronchiolitis ( 33.27 % ( 866/2603 ) ) and mp was the most common pathogen in bronchopneumonia ( 26.05 % ( 1152/4422 ) ) and lober pneumonia ( 52.25 % ( 267/511 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rsv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 rsv 2 was
2 was 6 pathogen
3 the 6 pathogen
4 most 5 common
5 common 6 pathogen
6 pathogen 7 in
7 in 8 bronchiolitis
8 bronchiolitis 11 %
9 ( 11 %
10 33.27 11 %
11 % 13 866/2603
11 % 15 )
12 ( 13 866/2603
13 866/2603 14 )
16 and 17 mp
16 and 18 was
17 mp 18 was
18 was 32 and
19 the 22 pathogen
20 most 21 common
21 common 22 pathogen
22 pathogen 23 in
22 pathogen 32 and
23 in 24 bronchopneumonia
24 bronchopneumonia 27 %
25 ( 27 %
26 26.05 27 %
27 % 29 1152/4422
27 % 31 )
28 ( 29 1152/4422
29 1152/4422 30 )
32 and 34 pneumonia
32 and 37 %
33 lober 34 pneumonia
35 ( 37 %
36 52.25 37 %
37 % 39 267/511
37 % 41 )
38 ( 39 267/511
39 267/511 40 )

conclusion : mp and rsv were the most common pathogens in respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 6 were
2 : 18 .
3 mp 4 and
4 and 5 rsv
4 and 6 were
6 were 10 pathogens
7 the 8 most
8 most 10 pathogens
9 common 10 pathogens
10 pathogens 11 in
11 in 14 infection
12 respiratory 13 tract
13 tract 14 infection
14 infection 15 in
15 in 17 children
16 hospitalized 17 children

the novel virus included hmpv and hbov , which also played an important role in ari . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 virus
2 novel 3 virus
3 virus 4 included
3 virus 6 and
4 included 5 hmpv
6 and 7 hbov
8 , 9 which
8 , 11 played
9 which 11 played
10 also 11 played
11 played 14 role
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 role
13 important 14 role
14 role 15 in
15 in 16 ari

different pathogens were prevalent in different ages [;] with respective seasonal distribution and characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathogens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 different 2 pathogens
2 pathogens 3 were
3 were 4 prevalent
4 prevalent 5 in
4 prevalent 9 with
5 in 7 ages
6 different 7 ages
9 with 13 and
10 respective 12 distribution
11 seasonal 12 distribution
12 distribution 13 and
13 and 14 characteristics

cost - effective strategies to maintain healthy active lifestyle in aging populations are required to address the global burden of age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
1 cost 2 -
1 cost 4 strategies
3 effective 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 to
4 strategies 6 maintain
4 strategies 13 are
5 to 6 maintain
6 maintain 9 lifestyle
6 maintain 10 in
7 healthy 9 lifestyle
8 active 9 lifestyle
10 in 11 aging
11 aging 12 populations
13 are 14 required
14 required 15 to
14 required 16 address
15 to 16 address
16 address 19 burden
17 the 19 burden
18 global 19 burden
19 burden 20 of
20 of 21 age
22 - 23 related
23 related 24 diseases
23 related 25 .

aspree will examine whether the potential primary prevention benefits of low dose aspirin outweigh the risks in older healthy individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aspree
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 aspree 2 will
2 will 3 examine
3 examine 4 whether
4 whether 9 benefits
4 whether 14 outweigh
5 the 9 benefits
6 potential 9 benefits
7 primary 8 prevention
8 prevention 9 benefits
9 benefits 10 of
9 benefits 14 outweigh
10 of 13 aspirin
11 low 12 dose
12 dose 13 aspirin
14 outweigh 16 risks
14 outweigh 17 in
15 the 16 risks
17 in 20 individuals
18 older 20 individuals
19 healthy 20 individuals

to 20 september 2013 14,383 participants have been recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 to 3 september
1 to 8 been
2 20 3 september
3 september 4 2013
5 14,383 6 participants
6 participants 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 recruited

recruitment and study completion are anticipated in july 2014 and december 2018 respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 anticipated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 recruitment 2 and
2 and 4 completion
2 and 5 are
3 study 4 completion
5 are 6 anticipated
6 anticipated 7 in
6 anticipated 13 respectively
7 in 10 and
8 july 9 2014
8 july 10 and
10 and 11 december
11 december 12 2018

in contrast to other aspirin trials that have largely focused on cardiovascular endpoints , aspree has a unique composite primary endpoint to better capture the overall risk and benefit of aspirin to extend healthy independent lifespan in older adults in the us and australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 aspree
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 15 aspree
2 contrast 3 to
2 contrast 10 focused
3 to 6 trials
4 other 6 trials
5 aspirin 6 trials
6 trials 7 that
6 trials 8 have
7 that 8 have
9 largely 10 focused
11 on 13 endpoints
11 on 14 ,
11 on 15 aspree
12 cardiovascular 13 endpoints
15 aspree 16 has
16 has 21 endpoint
16 has 22 to
16 has 32 to
17 a 21 endpoint
18 unique 20 primary
19 composite 20 primary
20 primary 21 endpoint
22 to 24 capture
23 better 24 capture
24 capture 28 and
25 the 28 and
26 overall 27 risk
27 risk 28 and
28 and 29 benefit
28 and 30 of
30 of 31 aspirin
32 to 33 extend
33 extend 36 lifespan
33 extend 40 in
34 healthy 36 lifespan
35 independent 36 lifespan
36 lifespan 37 in
37 in 39 adults
38 older 39 adults
40 in 44 australia
41 the 44 australia
42 us 43 and
43 and 44 australia

mammalian cells produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ( ros/rnos ) in response to an oxidative environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 produce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 mammalian 2 cells
2 cells 3 produce
3 produce 6 and
3 produce 14 to
4 reactive 5 oxygen
5 oxygen 6 and
6 and 8 species
6 and 10 ros/rnos
7 nitrogen 8 species
9 ( 10 ros/rnos
10 ros/rnos 11 )
12 in 13 response
13 response 14 to
14 to 17 environment
15 an 16 oxidative
15 an 17 environment
16 oxidative 17 environment

powerful antioxidant mechanisms have been developed in order to avoid oxidative stress by contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 powerful 3 mechanisms
2 antioxidant 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 developed
6 developed 7 in
6 developed 9 to
6 developed 13 by
7 in 8 order
9 to 10 avoid
10 avoid 12 stress
11 oxidative 12 stress
13 by 14 contributing
14 contributing 15 to
15 to 17 maintenance
16 the 17 maintenance
17 maintenance 18 of
18 of 20 homeostasis
19 redox 20 homeostasis

traditionally , accumulation of ros/rnos is considered deleterious for cells [as] it can lead to loss of cellular [function] , aging , and cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 traditionally 2 ,
1 traditionally 3 accumulation
3 accumulation 4 of
3 accumulation 6 is
4 of 5 ros/rnos
6 is 7 considered
7 considered 8 deleterious
8 deleterious 9 for
8 deleterious 15 to
9 for 10 cells
10 cells 12 it
10 cells 14 lead
12 it 13 can
13 can 14 lead
15 to 23 and
16 loss 17 of
16 loss 23 and
17 of 21 aging
18 cellular 20 ,
18 cellular 21 aging
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 death
24 cell 25 death

consequently , ros/rnos imbalance has been implicated in the etiology [and/or] progression of numerous pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases , inflammation , and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 4 imbalance
3 ros/rnos 4 imbalance
4 imbalance 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 implicated
7 implicated 8 in
7 implicated 17 as
8 in 12 progression
9 the 12 progression
10 etiology 12 progression
12 progression 13 of
13 of 15 pathologies
14 numerous 15 pathologies
16 such 17 as
17 as 23 and
18 cardiovascular 19 diseases
19 diseases 20 ,
20 , 21 inflammation
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 cancer

an interesting concept that has emerged more recently is that not only have cells developed efficient systems to cope with ros/rnos accumulation but [they] have also learned to profit of them under certain circumstances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 an 2 interesting
1 an 3 concept
2 interesting 3 concept
3 concept 4 that
3 concept 5 has
3 concept 9 is
4 that 5 has
5 has 6 emerged
7 more 8 recently
8 recently 9 is
9 is 10 that
11 not 12 only
11 not 13 have
11 not 15 developed
13 have 14 cells
13 have 15 developed
15 developed 17 systems
15 developed 18 to
16 efficient 17 systems
18 to 23 but
19 cope 20 with
19 cope 23 but
20 with 22 accumulation
21 ros/rnos 22 accumulation
23 but 25 have
25 have 27 learned
26 also 27 learned
27 learned 28 to
27 learned 30 of
27 learned 32 under
28 to 29 profit
30 of 31 them
32 under 34 circumstances
33 certain 34 circumstances

this notion is supported by data showing that ros/rnos can act as signaling molecules affecting the function and activity of a multiplicity of protein kinases and phosphatases controlling cellular homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 notion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 notion
2 notion 3 is
3 is 4 supported
4 supported 5 by
5 by 18 and
6 data 7 showing
6 data 18 and
7 showing 8 that
8 that 9 ros/rnos
8 that 11 act
9 ros/rnos 10 can
10 can 11 act
11 act 12 as
12 as 14 molecules
13 signaling 14 molecules
14 molecules 15 affecting
15 affecting 17 function
16 the 17 function
18 and 19 activity
19 activity 20 of
19 activity 23 of
20 of 22 multiplicity
21 a 22 multiplicity
23 of 26 and
24 protein 25 kinases
25 kinases 26 and
26 and 27 phosphatases
26 and 28 controlling
28 controlling 30 homeostasis
29 cellular 30 homeostasis

this review does not provide an exhaustive overview of molecular mechanisms linked to ros/rnos generation and processing but includes relevant examples highlighting the dichotomic nature of these small molecules and the multitude of effects elicited by their accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 18 but
3 does 4 not
3 does 5 provide
3 does 18 but
5 provide 8 overview
5 provide 13 to
6 an 8 overview
7 exhaustive 8 overview
8 overview 9 of
9 of 11 mechanisms
10 molecular 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 linked
13 to 16 and
14 ros/rnos 15 generation
15 generation 16 and
16 and 17 processing
18 but 19 includes
19 includes 21 examples
20 relevant 21 examples
21 examples 22 highlighting
22 highlighting 25 nature
22 highlighting 36 by
23 the 25 nature
24 dichotomic 25 nature
25 nature 26 of
25 nature 33 of
26 of 30 and
27 these 29 molecules
28 small 29 molecules
29 molecules 30 and
30 and 32 multitude
31 the 32 multitude
33 of 34 effects
34 effects 35 elicited
36 by 38 accumulation
37 their 38 accumulation

this aspect of ros/rnos ought to be taken into account particularly in novel therapeutic setups that aim to achieve high efficiency and minimal or no side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 aspect
2 aspect 3 of
2 aspect 5 ought
3 of 4 ros/rnos
5 ought 6 to
5 ought 8 taken
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 taken
8 taken 10 account
8 taken 11 particularly
9 into 10 account
11 particularly 12 in
12 in 15 setups
13 novel 15 setups
14 therapeutic 15 setups
15 setups 16 that
15 setups 17 aim
16 that 17 aim
17 aim 18 to
17 aim 19 achieve
18 to 19 achieve
19 achieve 24 or
20 high 21 efficiency
21 efficiency 22 and
22 and 23 minimal
22 and 24 or
24 or 27 effects
25 no 27 effects
26 side 27 effects

aim : the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of three commonly used positions on grip strength measurement in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 was
2 : 25 .
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 22 in
9 to 10 explore
10 explore 12 effects
10 explore 18 on
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 17 positions
14 three 17 positions
15 commonly 16 used
16 used 17 positions
18 on 21 measurement
19 grip 21 measurement
20 strength 21 measurement
22 in 24 people
23 older 24 people

method : a total of 249 ( 113 women , 136 men [ )(older participants , 72.8 ± 6.5 years old , participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 23 participated
2 : 27 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 women
4 total 23 participated
5 of 6 249
7 ( 9 women
8 113 9 women
9 women 15 participants
9 women 22 ,
10 , 15 participants
11 136 15 participants
12 men 15 participants
14 )(older 15 participants
15 participants 18 ±
15 participants 22 ,
16 , 18 ±
17 72.8 18 ±
18 ± 21 old
18 ± 22 ,
19 6.5 20 years
20 years 21 old
23 participated 24 in
24 in 26 study
25 this 26 study

grip strength ( [kg] [ )( measured in three positions : [(] [i] [ )(the standard posture ( sitting , elbow flexed 90 ° [ )(suggested by the american society of hand therapists [;] ( ii ) standing , elbow flexed 90 [°] [;] [and] ( 3 ) standing , elbow fully extended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 grip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 grip 2 strength
2 strength 7 measured
3 ( 7 measured
7 measured 8 in
7 measured 11 :
8 in 10 positions
9 three 10 positions
11 : 21 elbow
15 )(the 21 elbow
16 standard 20 ,
16 standard 21 elbow
17 posture 19 sitting
18 ( 19 sitting
19 sitting 20 ,
21 elbow 22 flexed
21 elbow 27 by
21 elbow 31 of
22 flexed 26 )(suggested
23 90 24 °
24 ° 26 )(suggested
27 by 30 society
28 the 29 american
29 american 30 society
31 of 40 elbow
32 hand 38 standing
32 hand 40 elbow
33 therapists 36 ii
33 therapists 38 standing
35 ( 36 ii
36 ii 37 )
38 standing 39 ,
40 elbow 41 flexed
40 elbow 49 standing
40 elbow 51 elbow
42 90 47 3
42 90 49 standing
46 ( 47 3
47 3 48 )
49 standing 50 ,
50 , 51 elbow
51 elbow 53 extended
51 elbow 54 .
52 fully 53 extended
53 extended 54 .

results : one - way repeated measures analysis of variance showed that grip strength was significantly greater in the standing position with the elbow fully extended than in the other two positions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 one
2 : 4 -
4 - 8 analysis
4 - 11 showed
4 - 33 .
5 way 8 analysis
6 repeated 7 measures
7 measures 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 of
8 analysis 11 showed
9 of 10 variance
11 showed 12 that
12 that 14 strength
12 that 15 was
13 grip 14 strength
14 strength 15 was
15 was 16 significantly
15 was 17 greater
17 greater 18 in
17 greater 22 with
18 in 21 position
19 the 21 position
20 standing 21 position
22 with 24 elbow
23 the 24 elbow
24 elbow 26 extended
24 elbow 28 in
25 fully 26 extended
26 extended 27 than
28 in 32 positions
29 the 30 other
30 other 31 two
31 two 32 positions

conclusions : the grip strengths obtained from the three positions were not all comparable in our community - dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 strengths
2 : 11 were
2 : 18 -
3 the 5 strengths
4 grip 5 strengths
5 strengths 6 obtained
5 strengths 11 were
6 obtained 7 from
7 from 10 positions
8 the 9 three
9 three 10 positions
11 were 12 not
11 were 13 all
13 all 14 comparable
14 comparable 15 in
15 in 17 community
16 our 17 community
18 - 21 adults
18 - 22 .
19 dwelling 21 adults
20 older 21 adults

clinicians and researchers need to be cautious when choosing testing position for assessing and interpreting grip strength results obtained from these positions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 clinicians 2 and
2 and 3 researchers
2 and 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 8 when
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 cautious
8 when 9 choosing
9 choosing 14 and
9 choosing 20 from
10 testing 11 position
11 position 12 for
11 position 14 and
12 for 13 assessing
14 and 18 results
14 and 19 obtained
15 interpreting 18 results
16 grip 17 strength
17 strength 18 results
20 from 22 positions
21 these 22 positions

context : the best evidence suggests that feeding tubes are ineffective in persons with advanced dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 5 evidence
2 : 6 suggests
3 the 4 best
3 the 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 suggests
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 9 tubes
7 that 10 are
8 feeding 9 tubes
9 tubes 10 are
10 are 11 ineffective
11 ineffective 12 in
11 ineffective 14 with
12 in 13 persons
14 with 16 dementia
15 advanced 16 dementia

little is known about their health care costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
4 about 8 costs
5 their 8 costs
6 health 8 costs
7 care 8 costs

objectives : to estimate medicare costs attributable to inpatient care among nursing home ( nh ) [residents] with advanced dementia during the year following the placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( peg ) tube during an index hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 inpatient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 attributable
3 to 4 estimate
4 estimate 6 costs
5 medicare 6 costs
7 attributable 8 to
8 to 9 inpatient
9 inpatient 10 care
9 inpatient 11 among
11 among 12 nursing
12 nursing 13 home
12 nursing 18 with
12 nursing 21 during
12 nursing 36 during
13 home 15 nh
14 ( 15 nh
15 nh 16 )
18 with 20 dementia
19 advanced 20 dementia
21 during 23 year
22 the 23 year
23 year 24 following
24 following 26 placement
25 the 26 placement
26 placement 27 of
27 of 35 tube
28 a 35 tube
29 percutaneous 35 tube
30 endoscopic 35 tube
31 gastrostomy 33 peg
31 gastrostomy 34 )
31 gastrostomy 35 tube
32 ( 33 peg
33 peg 34 )
36 during 39 hospitalization
37 an 39 hospitalization
38 index 39 hospitalization

methods : medicare claims ( 1999 - 2009 ) and minimum data set data ( 1999 - 2009 ) were used to estimate medicare costs attributable to inpatient care among nh residents with advanced dementia during the year following the placement of a peg tube and compared with those who did not get a peg tube . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 claims
3 medicare 4 claims
4 claims 7 -
5 ( 7 -
6 1999 7 -
7 - 8 2009
7 - 9 )
10 and 14 data
10 and 23 estimate
11 minimum 12 data
12 data 13 set
13 set 14 data
14 data 17 -
14 data 20 were
15 ( 17 -
16 1999 17 -
17 - 18 2009
17 - 19 )
20 were 21 used
21 used 22 to
22 to 23 estimate
23 estimate 25 costs
23 estimate 29 care
24 medicare 25 costs
25 costs 26 attributable
25 costs 29 care
26 attributable 27 to
26 attributable 28 inpatient
27 to 28 inpatient
29 care 30 among
30 among 32 residents
31 nh 32 residents
32 residents 33 with
33 with 46 and
34 advanced 35 dementia
34 advanced 46 and
35 dementia 36 during
36 during 38 year
37 the 38 year
38 year 39 following
38 year 42 of
39 following 41 placement
40 the 41 placement
42 of 45 tube
43 a 45 tube
44 peg 45 tube
46 and 47 compared
47 compared 48 with
48 with 49 those
49 those 50 who
49 those 51 did
50 who 51 did
51 did 52 not
51 did 53 get
53 get 56 tube
54 a 56 tube
55 peg 56 tube

the study used a 3:1 propensity - matched cohort design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 used
3 used 6 propensity
4 a 6 propensity
5 3:1 6 propensity
7 - 10 design
8 matched 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 design

results : matched residents [with] ( n=1924 , 68.9 % female , 28.8 % african american , average age 83.1 years [ )(and without [(] weighted n=1924 , unique n=4337 ) peg insertion showed comparable sociodemographic characteristics [,] similar rates of feeding tube risk factors , and similar mortality [(] 51.9 % 180 day mortality among those with a feeding tube vs [.] 49.8 % among those without a feeding tube , p=0.11 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 residents
3 matched 4 residents
4 residents 7 n=1924
6 ( 7 n=1924
7 n=1924 8 ,
8 , 11 female
8 , 12 ,
9 68.9 10 %
10 % 11 female
12 , 16 american
12 , 17 ,
13 28.8 16 american
14 % 15 african
15 african 16 american
17 , 18 average
17 , 23 )(and
18 average 21 years
19 age 21 years
20 83.1 21 years
23 )(and 33 insertion
23 )(and 34 showed
24 without 32 peg
24 without 33 insertion
26 weighted 32 peg
27 n=1924 30 n=4337
27 n=1924 31 )
27 n=1924 32 peg
28 , 30 n=4337
29 unique 30 n=4337
30 n=4337 31 )
33 insertion 34 showed
34 showed 37 characteristics
34 showed 40 rates
35 comparable 37 characteristics
36 sociodemographic 37 characteristics
39 similar 40 rates
40 rates 41 of
41 of 47 and
42 feeding 43 tube
43 tube 45 factors
44 risk 45 factors
45 factors 47 and
46 , 47 and
47 and 55 mortality
47 and 58 with
48 similar 55 mortality
49 mortality 55 mortality
51 51.9 52 %
52 % 55 mortality
53 180 54 day
54 day 55 mortality
55 mortality 56 among
56 among 57 those
58 with 61 tube
59 a 61 tube
60 feeding 61 tube
61 tube 62 vs
61 tube 66 among
62 vs 65 %
64 49.8 65 %
66 among 67 those
67 those 68 without
67 those 73 p=0.11
68 without 71 tube
69 a 71 tube
70 feeding 71 tube
72 , 73 p=0.11
73 p=0.11 75 )(

one year hospital costs were $ 2224 higher in nh residents with a feeding tube ( $ 10,191 vs [.] $ 7967 , 95 % ci of difference=$1514 , $ 2933 ) , with those with a feeding tube likely to spend more time in an intensive care unit ( 1.92 vs [.] 1.29 days , 95 % ci of difference=0.34 , 0.92 days ) . 
1 one 2 year
2 year 4 costs
3 hospital 4 costs
4 costs 5 were
5 were 6 $
5 were 8 higher
5 were 9 in
6 $ 7 2224
9 in 11 residents
10 nh 11 residents
11 residents 12 with
11 residents 17 $
11 residents 26 ci
12 with 15 tube
13 a 15 tube
14 feeding 15 tube
16 ( 17 $
17 $ 18 10,191
17 $ 19 vs
17 $ 23 ,
19 vs 21 $
21 $ 22 7967
23 , 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 of
26 ci 66 .
27 of 28 difference=$1514
28 difference=$1514 30 $
28 difference=$1514 34 with
29 , 30 $
30 $ 31 2933
30 $ 32 )
33 , 34 with
34 with 35 those
34 with 40 likely
34 with 66 .
35 those 36 with
36 with 39 tube
37 a 39 tube
38 feeding 39 tube
40 likely 41 to
40 likely 42 spend
41 to 42 spend
42 spend 43 more
42 spend 44 time
42 spend 45 in
45 in 49 unit
46 an 47 intensive
46 an 49 unit
47 intensive 49 unit
48 care 49 unit
49 unit 51 1.92
49 unit 59 ci
49 unit 64 days
50 ( 51 1.92
51 1.92 52 vs
51 1.92 56 ,
52 vs 55 days
54 1.29 55 days
56 , 59 ci
57 95 59 ci
58 % 59 ci
59 ci 60 of
59 ci 62 ,
60 of 61 difference=0.34
62 , 64 days
63 0.92 64 days
64 days 65 )

conclusion : in an analysis controlling for selection bias , peg tube insertion is associated with a small but significant increase in annual inpatient health care costs , as well as in hospital [and] intensive care unit days , postinsertion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 6 controlling
3 in 5 analysis
4 an 5 analysis
6 controlling 7 for
6 controlling 16 with
6 controlling 40 postinsertion
7 for 9 bias
8 selection 9 bias
9 bias 15 associated
10 , 15 associated
11 peg 13 insertion
11 peg 14 is
11 peg 15 associated
12 tube 13 insertion
13 insertion 14 is
16 with 21 increase
17 a 21 increase
18 small 19 but
19 but 20 significant
19 but 21 increase
21 increase 22 in
22 in 25 health
23 annual 25 health
24 inpatient 25 health
25 health 26 care
25 health 27 costs
25 health 29 as
26 care 27 costs
28 , 29 as
29 as 30 well
29 as 39 ,
30 well 31 as
31 as 32 in
32 in 38 days
33 hospital 38 days
35 intensive 36 care
36 care 38 days
37 unit 38 days

the driving theoretical framework of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) has been built around the amyloid - β ( aβ ) cascade in which amyloid pathology precedes and drives tau pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 framework
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 built
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 4 framework
2 driving 4 framework
3 theoretical 4 framework
4 framework 5 of
4 framework 12 has
5 of 8 disease
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 10 ad
9 ( 10 ad
10 ad 11 )
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 built
14 built 15 around
15 around 23 cascade
16 the 23 cascade
17 amyloid 18 -
17 amyloid 23 cascade
19 β 21 aβ
19 β 22 )
19 β 23 cascade
20 ( 21 aβ
21 aβ 22 )
23 cascade 24 in
24 in 25 which
24 in 26 amyloid
24 in 27 pathology
24 in 29 and
25 which 26 amyloid
27 pathology 29 and
28 precedes 29 and
29 and 30 drives
29 and 32 pathology
31 tau 32 pathology

other evidence has suggested that tau and amyloid pathology may arise independently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 other 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 has
3 has 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 7 and
5 that 11 arise
6 tau 7 and
7 and 9 pathology
7 and 10 may
8 amyloid 9 pathology
10 may 11 arise
11 arise 12 independently

both lines of research suggest that there may be epistatic relationships between genes involved in amyloid and tau pathophysiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 both 2 lines
2 lines 3 of
2 lines 5 suggest
3 of 4 research
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 7 there
6 that 9 be
7 there 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 19 pathophysiology
10 epistatic 11 relationships
11 relationships 12 between
11 relationships 17 and
12 between 13 genes
13 genes 14 involved
13 genes 15 in
15 in 16 amyloid
17 and 18 tau
17 and 19 pathophysiology

in the current study , we hypothesized that genes coding glycogen synthase kinase 3 ( gsk - 3 ) and comparable tau kinases would modify genetic risk for amyloid plaque pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 current 4 study
6 we 7 hypothesized
7 hypothesized 8 that
8 that 9 genes
8 that 11 glycogen
9 genes 10 coding
9 genes 11 glycogen
11 glycogen 13 kinase
12 synthase 13 kinase
13 kinase 14 3
13 kinase 16 gsk
13 kinase 18 3
15 ( 16 gsk
16 gsk 17 -
17 - 18 3
18 3 19 )
20 and 23 kinases
20 and 25 modify
21 comparable 22 tau
22 tau 23 kinases
23 kinases 24 would
24 would 25 modify
25 modify 27 risk
25 modify 28 for
26 genetic 27 risk
28 for 31 pathology
29 amyloid 30 plaque
30 plaque 31 pathology

quantitative amyloid positron emission tomography data from the alzheimer 's disease neuroimaging initiative served as the quantitative outcome in regression analyses , covarying for age , gender , and diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 quantitative 4 emission
2 amyloid 3 positron
3 positron 4 emission
4 emission 6 data
5 tomography 6 data
6 data 7 from
6 data 14 served
6 data 15 as
6 data 19 in
6 data 29 and
7 from 13 initiative
8 the 9 alzheimer
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 13 initiative
11 disease 12 neuroimaging
12 neuroimaging 13 initiative
15 as 18 outcome
16 the 18 outcome
17 quantitative 18 outcome
19 in 21 analyses
20 regression 21 analyses
21 analyses 23 covarying
22 , 23 covarying
23 covarying 24 for
23 covarying 28 ,
24 for 25 age
25 age 27 gender
26 , 27 gender
27 gender 28 ,
29 and 30 diagnosis

three interactions reached statistical significance , all involving the gsk3β single nucleotide polymorphism rs334543 - 2 with apbb2 ( rs2585590 , rs3098914 ) and [1] with app ( rs457581 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reached
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 three 2 interactions
2 interactions 3 reached
3 reached 5 significance
4 statistical 5 significance
6 , 7 all
6 , 11 single
7 all 8 involving
7 all 11 single
8 involving 10 gsk3β
9 the 10 gsk3β
11 single 14 rs334543
12 nucleotide 14 rs334543
13 polymorphism 14 rs334543
14 rs334543 16 2
15 - 16 2
16 2 24 and
16 2 31 .
17 with 18 apbb2
17 with 24 and
18 apbb2 22 rs3098914
19 ( 22 rs3098914
20 rs2585590 21 ,
20 rs2585590 22 rs3098914
22 rs3098914 23 )
24 and 26 with
26 with 27 app
27 app 29 rs457581
28 ( 29 rs457581
29 rs457581 30 )

these interactions explained 1.2 % , 1.5 % , and 1.5 % of the variance [in] amyloid deposition respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 interactions
2 interactions 3 explained
3 explained 5 %
4 1.2 5 %
5 % 8 %
6 , 8 %
7 1.5 8 %
8 % 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 %
10 and 17 amyloid
11 1.5 12 %
12 % 13 of
12 % 17 amyloid
13 of 15 variance
14 the 15 variance
17 amyloid 18 deposition
17 amyloid 19 respectively

age [-] related cognitive [decline] is accompanied by an increase of neuronal apoptosis and a dysregulation of neuroplasticity - related molecules such as brain - derived neurotrophic [factor] and neurotoxic factors including beta amyloid ( aβ ) peptide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 age 3 related
1 age 6 is
3 related 4 cognitive
6 is 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
8 by 14 and
9 an 10 increase
10 increase 11 of
10 increase 14 and
11 of 13 apoptosis
12 neuronal 13 apoptosis
14 and 16 dysregulation
14 and 17 of
15 a 16 dysregulation
17 of 29 and
18 neuroplasticity 26 derived
18 neuroplasticity 29 and
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 molecules
20 related 25 -
20 related 26 derived
21 molecules 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 brain
26 derived 27 neurotrophic
29 and 38 peptide
30 neurotoxic 31 factors
31 factors 33 beta
32 including 33 beta
33 beta 38 peptide
34 amyloid 36 aβ
34 amyloid 37 )
34 amyloid 38 peptide
35 ( 36 aβ
36 aβ 37 )

because it has been previously demonstrated that phosphodiesterase - 5 inhibitors ( pde5 - is [ )(protect against hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in mouse models of alzheimer 's disease and physiological aging , [we] investigated the effect of a treatment with the pde5 [-] i , sildenafil , on cell death , pro - and antiapoptotic molecules , and aβ production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 because
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
1 because 2 it
2 it 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 previously
4 been 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 7 that
7 that 8 phosphodiesterase
7 that 17 )(protect
8 phosphodiesterase 11 inhibitors
8 phosphodiesterase 15 is
9 - 11 inhibitors
10 5 11 inhibitors
11 inhibitors 13 pde5
11 inhibitors 14 -
12 ( 13 pde5
13 pde5 14 -
15 is 17 )(protect
17 )(protect 18 against
17 )(protect 24 deficits
18 against 22 and
19 hippocampal 21 dysfunction
20 synaptic 21 dysfunction
21 dysfunction 22 and
22 and 23 memory
24 deficits 25 in
24 deficits 28 of
24 deficits 34 aging
25 in 27 models
26 mouse 27 models
28 of 32 and
29 alzheimer 30 's
30 's 31 disease
31 disease 32 and
32 and 33 physiological
34 aging 37 investigated
34 aging 39 effect
35 , 37 investigated
38 the 39 effect
39 effect 40 of
40 of 42 treatment
41 a 42 treatment
42 treatment 43 with
42 treatment 51 on
43 with 45 pde5
44 the 45 pde5
45 pde5 47 i
45 pde5 49 sildenafil
48 , 49 sildenafil
49 sildenafil 50 ,
51 on 61 and
52 cell 53 death
53 death 54 ,
54 , 55 pro
54 , 57 and
56 - 57 and
57 and 59 molecules
57 and 61 and
58 antiapoptotic 59 molecules
60 , 61 and
61 and 63 production
61 and 64 .
62 aβ 63 production

also , sildenafil reverted the shifting of amyloid precursor protein processing toward aβ42 production and the increase of the aβ42:aβ40 ratio in aged mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sildenafil
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reverted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 3 sildenafil
3 sildenafil 4 reverted
4 reverted 6 shifting
4 reverted 22 in
5 the 6 shifting
6 shifting 7 of
6 shifting 11 processing
6 shifting 18 of
7 of 10 protein
8 amyloid 10 protein
9 precursor 10 protein
11 processing 12 toward
11 processing 15 and
12 toward 13 aβ42
14 production 15 and
15 and 17 increase
16 the 17 increase
18 of 21 ratio
19 the 21 ratio
20 aβ42:aβ40 21 ratio
22 in 24 mice
23 aged 24 mice

our data suggest that pde5 - i might be beneficial to treat age - related detrimental features in a physiological mouse model of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 pde5
4 that 5 pde5
6 - 7 i
6 - 9 be
6 - 15 related
7 i 8 might
8 might 9 be
9 be 10 beneficial
10 beneficial 11 to
11 to 12 treat
12 treat 13 age
14 - 15 related
15 related 17 features
15 related 18 in
16 detrimental 17 features
18 in 22 model
19 a 20 physiological
19 a 22 model
20 physiological 21 mouse
21 mouse 22 model
22 model 23 of
23 of 24 aging

the mechanism by which amyloid - β ( aβ ) produces brain dysfunction in patients with alzheimer 's disease is largely unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 by
2 mechanism 20 is
3 by 4 which
3 by 7 β
3 by 11 produces
5 amyloid 6 -
5 amyloid 7 β
7 β 9 aβ
7 β 11 produces
8 ( 9 aβ
9 aβ 10 )
11 produces 13 dysfunction
11 produces 16 with
12 brain 13 dysfunction
13 dysfunction 14 in
14 in 15 patients
16 with 19 disease
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease
20 is 21 largely
20 is 22 unknown

according to previous studies , aβ might share perforating properties with gramicidin , a well - accepted membrane - disrupting peptide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aβ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 share
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 studies
2 to 5 ,
2 to 6 aβ
3 previous 4 studies
6 aβ 7 might
7 might 8 share
8 share 10 properties
8 share 11 with
9 perforating 10 properties
11 with 12 gramicidin
12 gramicidin 15 well
13 , 15 well
14 a 15 well
15 well 18 membrane
15 well 19 -
16 - 18 membrane
17 accepted 18 membrane
18 membrane 19 -
19 - 21 peptide
19 - 22 .
20 disrupting 21 peptide

therefore , we hypothesize that the key steps leading to synaptotoxicity by aβ and gramicidin involve peptide aggregation , pore formation , and calcium dysregulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 hypothesize
4 hypothesize 5 that
5 that 8 steps
5 that 16 involve
6 the 8 steps
7 key 8 steps
8 steps 9 leading
8 steps 16 involve
9 leading 10 to
9 leading 12 by
10 to 11 synaptotoxicity
12 by 14 and
13 aβ 14 and
14 and 15 gramicidin
16 involve 23 and
17 peptide 18 aggregation
18 aggregation 19 ,
19 , 21 formation
19 , 23 and
20 pore 21 formation
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 dysregulation
24 calcium 25 dysregulation

here , we show that aβ and gramicidin form aggregates enriched in β - sheet structures using electron microscopy , and thioflavin and congo red staining techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 7 and
5 that 9 form
6 aβ 7 and
7 and 8 gramicidin
7 and 9 form
9 form 10 aggregates
9 form 12 in
10 aggregates 11 enriched
12 in 21 and
13 β 14 -
13 β 15 sheet
15 sheet 16 structures
16 structures 17 using
16 structures 21 and
17 using 19 microscopy
18 electron 19 microscopy
20 , 21 and
21 and 25 red
21 and 26 staining
22 thioflavin 23 and
23 and 24 congo
24 congo 25 red
26 staining 27 techniques

also , we found that aβ and gramicidin display fairly similar actions in hippocampal cell membranes , i.e . inducing ca ( 2+ ) entry and synaptoxicity characterized by the loss of synaptic proteins and a decrease in neuronal viability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 and
4 found 12 actions
5 that 7 and
6 aβ 7 and
7 and 9 display
8 gramicidin 9 display
10 fairly 11 similar
11 similar 12 actions
12 actions 13 in
13 in 16 membranes
14 hippocampal 15 cell
15 cell 16 membranes
17 , 18 i.e
19 . 26 and
19 . 41 .
20 inducing 25 entry
21 ca 23 2+
21 ca 25 entry
22 ( 23 2+
23 2+ 24 )
25 entry 26 and
26 and 27 synaptoxicity
27 synaptoxicity 28 characterized
27 synaptoxicity 32 of
27 synaptoxicity 38 in
28 characterized 29 by
29 by 31 loss
30 the 31 loss
32 of 35 and
33 synaptic 34 proteins
34 proteins 35 and
35 and 37 decrease
36 a 37 decrease
38 in 40 viability
39 neuronal 40 viability

these effects were not observed in a ca ( 2+ ) free solution , indicating that both aβ and gramicidin induce neurotoxicity by a ca ( 2+ ) - dependent mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 in
6 in 13 solution
7 a 13 solution
8 ca 10 2+
8 ca 13 solution
9 ( 10 2+
10 2+ 11 )
12 free 13 solution
13 solution 15 indicating
14 , 15 indicating
15 indicating 16 that
15 indicating 29 -
16 that 19 and
16 that 21 induce
17 both 19 and
18 aβ 19 and
19 and 20 gramicidin
19 and 21 induce
21 induce 22 neurotoxicity
21 induce 23 by
23 by 25 ca
24 a 25 ca
25 ca 27 2+
26 ( 27 2+
27 2+ 28 )
29 - 31 mechanism
30 dependent 31 mechanism

using combined perforated patch clamp and imaging recordings , we found that only aβ produced a perforation that progressed from a small ( cl [(] - ) [-] selective pore [ )(to a larger perforation that allowed the entry of fluorescent molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 clamp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 using 2 combined
2 combined 4 patch
3 perforated 4 patch
4 patch 5 clamp
6 and 10 we
6 and 11 found
7 imaging 8 recordings
7 imaging 9 ,
7 imaging 10 we
10 we 11 found
11 found 12 that
12 that 13 only
12 that 14 aβ
12 that 15 produced
14 aβ 15 produced
15 produced 17 perforation
15 produced 32 )(to
16 a 17 perforation
17 perforation 18 that
17 perforation 19 progressed
18 that 19 progressed
19 progressed 20 from
20 from 30 pore
21 a 22 small
21 a 30 pore
22 small 24 cl
22 small 27 )
22 small 30 pore
23 ( 24 cl
24 cl 26 -
29 selective 30 pore
32 )(to 35 perforation
33 a 35 perforation
34 larger 35 perforation
35 perforation 36 that
35 perforation 37 allowed
36 that 37 allowed
37 allowed 39 entry
38 the 39 entry
39 entry 40 of
40 of 42 molecules
41 fluorescent 42 molecules

therefore , based on these results , we propose that the perforation at the plasma membrane by aβ is a dynamic process that is critical in producing neurotoxicity similar to that found in the brains of ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 producing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 8 we
2 , 3 based
3 based 4 on
3 based 7 ,
3 based 8 we
4 on 6 results
5 these 6 results
8 we 9 propose
9 propose 10 that
10 that 12 perforation
10 that 19 is
11 the 12 perforation
12 perforation 13 at
12 perforation 19 is
13 at 16 membrane
14 the 16 membrane
15 plasma 16 membrane
16 membrane 17 by
17 by 18 aβ
19 is 22 process
20 a 21 dynamic
20 a 22 process
21 dynamic 22 process
22 process 23 that
22 process 27 producing
23 that 24 is
24 is 25 critical
25 critical 26 in
26 in 27 producing
27 producing 28 neurotoxicity
28 neurotoxicity 29 similar
28 neurotoxicity 32 found
29 similar 30 to
30 to 31 that
32 found 33 in
33 in 35 brains
34 the 35 brains
35 brains 36 of
36 of 38 patients
37 ad 38 patients

alterations in the expression and signaling of brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) and the precursor to nerve growth [factor] ( ngf ) , prongf , play a role in the neuronal and cognitive dysfunction of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 alterations 2 in
1 alterations 16 and
2 in 12 factor
3 the 12 factor
4 expression 5 and
5 and 6 signaling
5 and 9 -
5 and 10 derived
6 signaling 7 of
7 of 8 brain
10 derived 12 factor
11 neurotrophic 12 factor
12 factor 14 bdnf
13 ( 14 bdnf
14 bdnf 15 )
16 and 18 precursor
16 and 19 to
16 and 24 ngf
16 and 27 prongf
16 and 29 play
17 the 18 precursor
19 to 21 growth
20 nerve 21 growth
23 ( 24 ngf
24 ngf 25 )
26 , 27 prongf
27 prongf 28 ,
29 play 31 role
29 play 32 in
30 a 31 role
32 in 35 and
33 the 34 neuronal
34 neuronal 35 and
35 and 37 dysfunction
36 cognitive 37 dysfunction
37 dysfunction 38 of
38 of 41 disease
39 alzheimer 40 's
40 's 41 disease

aggregated amyloid - β has been shown to down - [regulate] specific bdnf transcripts in alzheimer 's disease , but the role of tau pathology in neurotrophin dysregulation has not been investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 aggregated 4 β
2 amyloid 3 -
2 amyloid 4 β
4 β 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 shown
7 shown 8 to
7 shown 15 in
8 to 14 transcripts
9 down 10 -
9 down 14 transcripts
12 specific 14 transcripts
13 bdnf 14 transcripts
15 in 18 disease
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 role
20 but 32 investigated
21 the 22 role
22 role 23 of
22 role 29 has
23 of 25 pathology
24 tau 25 pathology
25 pathology 26 in
26 in 28 dysregulation
27 neurotrophin 28 dysregulation
29 has 30 not
29 has 31 been
31 been 32 investigated

we measured levels of bdnf mrna and protein using real - time quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay and prongf protein using western blotting in parietal cortex [of] subjects with tauopathies , neurodegenerative diseases exhibiting tau pathology without amyloid - β accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 26 and
2 measured 29 using
3 levels 4 of
3 levels 7 and
4 of 6 mrna
5 bdnf 6 mrna
7 and 25 assay
7 and 26 and
8 protein 24 immunosorbent
9 using 18 chain
10 real 15 transcription
10 real 18 chain
11 - 15 transcription
12 time 14 reverse
13 quantitative 14 reverse
14 reverse 15 transcription
15 transcription 16 -
17 polymerase 18 chain
18 chain 23 linked
19 reaction 20 and
20 and 21 enzyme
20 and 22 -
20 and 23 linked
23 linked 24 immunosorbent
24 immunosorbent 25 assay
26 and 28 protein
27 prongf 28 protein
29 using 30 western
30 western 31 blotting
31 blotting 32 in
31 blotting 37 with
31 blotting 49 accumulation
32 in 36 subjects
33 parietal 34 cortex
34 cortex 36 subjects
37 with 38 tauopathies
38 tauopathies 41 diseases
39 , 41 diseases
40 neurodegenerative 41 diseases
41 diseases 42 exhibiting
41 diseases 47 -
42 exhibiting 44 pathology
42 exhibiting 45 without
43 tau 44 pathology
45 without 46 amyloid
48 β 49 accumulation

we observed a significant increase in the level of prongf protein in pick 's disease and a significant decrease in bdnf mrna and protein levels in pick 's disease and corticobasal degeneration , but no neurotrophin alterations in progressive supranuclear palsy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 5 increase
2 observed 25 levels
3 a 5 increase
4 significant 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 20 in
5 increase 25 levels
6 in 8 level
7 the 8 level
8 level 9 of
9 of 11 protein
10 prongf 11 protein
11 protein 12 in
12 in 16 and
13 pick 14 's
14 's 15 disease
15 disease 16 and
16 and 19 decrease
17 a 19 decrease
18 significant 19 decrease
20 in 23 and
21 bdnf 22 mrna
22 mrna 23 and
23 and 24 protein
25 levels 26 in
25 levels 30 and
25 levels 34 but
27 pick 28 's
28 's 30 and
29 disease 30 and
30 and 32 degeneration
31 corticobasal 32 degeneration
33 , 34 but
34 but 37 alterations
34 but 42 .
35 no 37 alterations
36 neurotrophin 37 alterations
37 alterations 38 in
38 in 41 palsy
39 progressive 41 palsy
40 supranuclear 41 palsy

the decrease in total bdnf mrna levels in these tauopathies was predominantly due to down - regulation of transcript iv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 in
2 decrease 11 was
3 in 7 levels
4 total 7 levels
5 bdnf 7 levels
6 mrna 7 levels
7 levels 8 in
8 in 10 tauopathies
9 these 10 tauopathies
11 was 13 due
12 predominantly 13 due
13 due 14 to
14 to 17 regulation
15 down 16 -
15 down 17 regulation
17 regulation 18 of
18 of 20 iv
19 transcript 20 iv

these findings implicate tau pathology in neurotrophin dysregulation , which may represent a mechanism through which tau confers toxicity in alzheimer 's disease and related [non] - alzheimer 's dementias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 implicate
3 implicate 5 pathology
4 tau 5 pathology
5 pathology 6 in
6 in 8 dysregulation
7 neurotrophin 8 dysregulation
8 dysregulation 10 which
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 may
10 which 27 -
11 may 24 and
12 represent 14 mechanism
12 represent 24 and
13 a 14 mechanism
14 mechanism 15 through
15 through 16 which
15 through 17 tau
15 through 18 confers
17 tau 18 confers
18 confers 19 toxicity
18 confers 20 in
20 in 23 disease
21 alzheimer 22 's
22 's 23 disease
24 and 25 related
27 - 30 dementias
28 alzheimer 29 's
29 's 30 dementias

mutations in fbxo7 ( park15 ) have been associated with a syndrome characterized by early - onset progressive parkinsonism [with] and without pyramidal tract signs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 5 park15
1 mutations 7 have
2 in 3 fbxo7
4 ( 5 park15
5 park15 6 )
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 syndrome
11 a 12 syndrome
12 syndrome 13 characterized
12 syndrome 21 and
14 by 19 parkinsonism
14 by 21 and
15 early 16 -
15 early 17 onset
17 onset 19 parkinsonism
18 progressive 19 parkinsonism
21 and 22 without
22 without 25 signs
23 pyramidal 24 tract
24 tract 25 signs

therefore , our aim was to analyze this gene in a population from southern spain ( 338 parkinson 's disease [ pd ] patients and 330 unrelated control subjects ) to elucidate the potential involvement of fbxo7 in pd pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 elucidate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 aim
3 our 4 aim
4 aim 5 was
5 was 6 to
5 was 7 analyze
6 to 7 analyze
7 analyze 9 gene
7 analyze 13 from
7 analyze 31 to
8 this 9 gene
9 gene 10 in
10 in 12 population
11 a 12 population
13 from 25 and
14 southern 24 patients
15 spain 20 disease
15 spain 24 patients
16 ( 20 disease
17 338 18 parkinson
18 parkinson 19 's
19 's 20 disease
20 disease 22 pd
20 disease 23 ]
21 [ 22 pd
22 pd 23 ]
24 patients 25 and
25 and 29 subjects
25 and 30 )
26 330 29 subjects
27 unrelated 28 control
28 control 29 subjects
31 to 32 elucidate
32 elucidate 35 involvement
33 the 35 involvement
34 potential 35 involvement
35 involvement 36 of
35 involvement 38 in
36 of 37 fbxo7
38 in 40 pathogenesis
39 pd 40 pathogenesis

we identified 17 variants ( 11 [novel] ) , including 10 missense substitutions , [3] synonymous , and 4 intronic alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 4 variants
3 17 4 variants
4 variants 6 11
4 variants 10 including
5 ( 6 11
6 11 8 )
9 , 10 including
10 including 18 and
10 including 22 .
11 10 13 substitutions
12 missense 13 substitutions
13 substitutions 14 ,
14 , 16 synonymous
14 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 alterations
18 and 22 .
19 4 21 alterations
20 intronic 21 alterations

six substitutions were described as putatively damaging by the bioinformatics tools and 1 intronic variation was described to affect splicing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 substitutions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 six 2 substitutions
2 substitutions 12 and
3 were 4 described
3 were 12 and
4 described 5 as
5 as 7 damaging
6 putatively 7 damaging
7 damaging 8 by
7 damaging 11 tools
8 by 10 bioinformatics
9 the 10 bioinformatics
12 and 19 affect
13 1 15 variation
14 intronic 15 variation
15 variation 16 was
16 was 17 described
17 described 18 to
18 to 19 affect
19 affect 20 splicing

minor allele frequencies of the highly polymorphic coding single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in pd patients and control subjects were similar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 frequencies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 minor 3 frequencies
2 allele 3 frequencies
3 frequencies 4 of
3 frequencies 15 in
3 frequencies 21 were
4 of 11 polymorphisms
5 the 11 polymorphisms
6 highly 7 polymorphic
7 polymorphic 11 polymorphisms
8 coding 11 polymorphisms
9 single 11 polymorphisms
10 nucleotide 11 polymorphisms
11 polymorphisms 13 snps
12 ( 13 snps
13 snps 14 )
15 in 18 and
16 pd 17 patients
17 patients 18 and
18 and 20 subjects
19 control 20 subjects
21 were 22 similar

all rare variants were heterozygous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 all 3 variants
2 rare 3 variants
3 variants 4 were
4 were 5 heterozygous

no deletions or duplications involving fbxo7 exons were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 no 2 deletions
2 deletions 3 or
3 or 4 duplications
3 or 5 involving
3 or 8 were
5 involving 7 exons
6 fbxo7 7 exons
8 were 9 identified

our results suggest that the involvement of the fbxo7 gene in pd is very rare , at least in this population from southern spain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 involvement
4 that 13 is
5 the 6 involvement
6 involvement 7 of
6 involvement 13 is
7 of 10 gene
8 the 10 gene
9 fbxo7 10 gene
10 gene 11 in
11 in 12 pd
13 is 15 rare
14 very 15 rare
15 rare 19 in
16 , 18 least
16 , 19 in
17 at 18 least
19 in 21 population
19 in 25 .
20 this 21 population
21 population 22 from
22 from 24 spain
23 southern 24 spain

infertility is a major , [multifaceted] issue worldwide whose prevalence is increasing in both high - and low - income countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 infertility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 infertility 2 is
2 is 4 major
3 a 4 major
5 , 7 issue
7 issue 17 and
8 worldwide 9 whose
8 worldwide 12 increasing
8 worldwide 17 and
9 whose 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 is
12 increasing 13 in
12 increasing 15 high
13 in 14 both
16 - 17 and
17 and 21 countries
18 low 19 -
18 low 20 income
20 income 21 countries

the reasons are numerous , [and] may differ among world regions , but lifestyle and nutritional factors , epidemic infections , and sexually transmitted diseases are major determinants in most latitudes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 reasons
2 reasons 3 are
3 are 4 numerous
5 , 22 and
7 may 8 differ
7 may 22 and
8 differ 9 among
9 among 11 regions
10 world 11 regions
11 regions 13 but
11 regions 20 infections
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 and
13 but 18 ,
14 lifestyle 15 and
15 and 17 factors
16 nutritional 17 factors
18 , 20 infections
19 epidemic 20 infections
20 infections 21 ,
22 and 27 major
23 sexually 24 transmitted
24 transmitted 25 diseases
25 diseases 26 are
26 are 27 major
27 major 28 determinants
27 major 29 in
29 in 31 latitudes
30 most 31 latitudes

three other reasons may explain the increasing incidence of infertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 three 2 other
2 other 3 reasons
3 reasons 4 may
4 may 5 explain
5 explain 8 incidence
6 the 8 incidence
7 increasing 8 incidence
8 incidence 9 of
9 of 10 infertility

first , owing to the widespread use of contraception , the choice of delaying the first pregnancy until the third decade of life places men and women at higher risk for sexually transmitted diseases , and women at higher risk for uterine fibroids , endometriosis , polycystic ovary syndrome , and chronic anovulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 choice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 places
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 12 choice
3 owing 4 to
3 owing 7 use
3 owing 10 ,
3 owing 12 choice
4 to 6 widespread
5 the 6 widespread
7 use 8 of
8 of 9 contraception
11 the 12 choice
12 choice 13 of
12 choice 24 places
13 of 14 delaying
14 delaying 17 pregnancy
14 delaying 18 until
15 the 17 pregnancy
16 first 17 pregnancy
18 until 21 decade
19 the 21 decade
20 third 21 decade
21 decade 22 of
22 of 23 life
24 places 26 and
24 places 28 at
24 places 41 for
25 men 26 and
26 and 27 women
28 at 36 and
29 higher 30 risk
30 risk 31 for
30 risk 36 and
31 for 34 diseases
32 sexually 33 transmitted
33 transmitted 34 diseases
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 women
37 women 38 at
38 at 40 risk
39 higher 40 risk
41 for 51 and
42 uterine 43 fibroids
43 fibroids 44 ,
44 , 45 endometriosis
44 , 46 ,
46 , 49 syndrome
46 , 51 and
47 polycystic 49 syndrome
48 ovary 49 syndrome
50 , 51 and
51 and 53 anovulation
52 chronic 53 anovulation

second , prolonged exposure to chronic stress and environmental pollutants may play a critical role in decreasing fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 4 exposure
3 prolonged 4 exposure
4 exposure 5 to
4 exposure 11 may
5 to 8 and
6 chronic 7 stress
7 stress 8 and
8 and 10 pollutants
9 environmental 10 pollutants
11 may 12 play
12 play 15 role
12 play 16 in
13 a 14 critical
13 a 15 role
14 critical 15 role
16 in 17 decreasing
17 decreasing 18 fertility

third , gonadotoxic oncologic treatments allow many patients to survive cancer , at the cost of their fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 allow
1 third 2 ,
1 third 5 treatments
3 gonadotoxic 5 treatments
4 oncologic 5 treatments
5 treatments 6 allow
6 allow 8 patients
6 allow 9 to
6 allow 10 survive
7 many 8 patients
9 to 10 survive
10 survive 11 cancer
11 cancer 13 at
12 , 13 at
13 at 15 cost
13 at 19 .
14 the 15 cost
15 cost 16 of
16 of 18 fertility
17 their 18 fertility

this consideration may justify the development of treatments that preserve fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consideration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 justify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 consideration
2 consideration 3 may
3 may 4 justify
4 justify 6 development
5 the 6 development
6 development 7 of
7 of 8 treatments
8 treatments 9 that
8 treatments 10 preserve
9 that 10 preserve
10 preserve 11 fertility

none [aim] : we aimed to determine whether there was a blue zone , an area characterized by extreme longevity , in menorca , spain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 determine
3 : 4 we
3 : 5 aimed
4 we 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 whether
7 determine 22 in
8 whether 9 there
8 whether 10 was
9 there 10 was
10 was 13 zone
11 a 13 zone
12 blue 13 zone
13 zone 16 area
14 , 16 area
15 an 16 area
16 area 17 characterized
16 area 18 by
16 area 21 ,
18 by 20 longevity
19 extreme 20 longevity
21 , 22 in
22 in 23 menorca
22 in 26 .
23 menorca 25 spain
24 , 25 spain
25 spain 26 .

methods : we explored official statistics of the balearic islands , spain , and calculated life expectancy from 1991 to 2009 , by sex and island , among other demographic estimators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 14 and
3 we 14 and
4 explored 6 statistics
4 explored 14 and
5 official 6 statistics
6 statistics 7 of
7 of 10 islands
8 the 10 islands
9 balearic 10 islands
10 islands 12 spain
11 , 12 spain
12 spain 13 ,
14 and 15 calculated
14 and 28 among
15 calculated 17 expectancy
16 life 17 expectancy
17 expectancy 20 to
17 expectancy 23 by
18 from 20 to
19 1991 20 to
20 to 21 2009
22 , 23 by
23 by 25 and
23 by 27 ,
24 sex 25 and
25 and 26 island
27 , 28 among
28 among 31 estimators
28 among 32 .
29 other 31 estimators
30 demographic 31 estimators

results : the life expectancy at birth in menorca reached a peak in 2007 with 82.3 years , but since 2001 in females and 2007 in males , it plateaued and then descended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 expectancy
2 : 31 and
2 : 34 .
3 the 5 expectancy
4 life 5 expectancy
5 expectancy 6 at
5 expectancy 31 and
6 at 7 birth
7 birth 8 in
8 in 9 menorca
10 reached 12 peak
10 reached 13 in
10 reached 31 and
11 a 12 peak
13 in 14 2007
14 2007 15 with
14 2007 30 plateaued
15 with 17 years
16 82.3 17 years
17 years 29 it
17 years 30 plateaued
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 since
19 but 28 ,
19 but 29 it
20 since 21 2001
21 2001 22 in
22 in 24 and
23 females 24 and
24 and 27 males
25 2007 26 in
26 in 27 males
29 it 30 plateaued
31 and 33 descended
32 then 33 descended

the percentage of centenarians in es migjorn gran was 0.17 % in 2001 , only because of the 0.33 % male contribution , and it returned [to] within the average balearic rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 percentage
2 percentage 3 of
2 percentage 9 was
3 of 4 centenarians
4 centenarians 5 in
5 in 8 gran
6 es 7 migjorn
7 migjorn 8 gran
9 was 11 %
9 was 12 in
9 was 16 because
10 0.17 11 %
12 in 13 2001
14 , 15 only
14 , 16 because
16 because 17 of
16 because 23 ,
17 of 22 contribution
18 the 22 contribution
19 0.33 20 %
20 % 22 contribution
21 male 22 contribution
24 and 25 it
24 and 26 returned
25 it 26 returned
26 returned 28 within
28 within 30 average
29 the 30 average
30 average 31 balearic
30 average 32 rates
31 balearic 32 rates

there is no record of any other surviving centenarian after 2006 in es migjorn gran . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 record
3 no 4 record
4 record 5 of
5 of 9 centenarian
6 any 7 other
7 other 9 centenarian
8 surviving 9 centenarian
9 centenarian 10 after
10 after 11 2006
11 2006 12 in
12 in 15 gran
13 es 14 migjorn
14 migjorn 15 gran

results obtained with other demographic indices are confirmatory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 results 2 obtained
1 results 7 are
2 obtained 3 with
3 with 6 indices
4 other 6 indices
5 demographic 6 indices
7 are 8 confirmatory

conclusions : it [appears] [there] was no extreme longevity or blue zone in es migjorn gran and the surrounding villages in menorca . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 6 was
3 it 6 was
6 was 10 or
6 was 13 in
6 was 21 in
7 no 9 longevity
8 extreme 9 longevity
9 longevity 10 or
10 or 12 zone
11 blue 12 zone
13 in 17 and
14 es 15 migjorn
15 migjorn 16 gran
16 gran 17 and
17 and 20 villages
18 the 20 villages
19 surrounding 20 villages
21 in 22 menorca

we describe a methodology for detecting differentially methylated regions ( dmrs ) and variably methylated regions ( vmrs ) , in data from infinium 450 k arrays that are very widely used in epigenetic studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 we 13 and
2 describe 4 methodology
2 describe 13 and
3 a 4 methodology
4 methodology 5 for
4 methodology 11 dmrs
5 for 6 detecting
6 detecting 9 regions
7 differentially 8 methylated
8 methylated 9 regions
10 ( 11 dmrs
11 dmrs 12 )
13 and 15 methylated
13 and 16 regions
14 variably 15 methylated
16 regions 18 vmrs
16 regions 21 in
17 ( 18 vmrs
18 vmrs 19 )
20 , 21 in
21 in 22 data
21 in 36 .
22 data 23 from
22 data 28 that
22 data 29 are
23 from 27 arrays
24 infinium 27 arrays
25 450 26 k
26 k 27 arrays
28 that 29 are
29 are 32 used
30 very 31 widely
31 widely 32 used
32 used 33 in
33 in 35 studies
34 epigenetic 35 studies

region detection is more specific than single cpg analysis as it increases the extent of common findings between studies , and is more powerful as it reduces the multiple testing problem inherent in epigenetic whole - genome association studies ( ewas ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 region
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 detection 3 is
3 is 5 specific
4 more 5 specific
5 specific 6 than
6 than 8 cpg
6 than 27 reduces
7 single 8 cpg
8 cpg 9 analysis
8 cpg 22 is
8 cpg 24 powerful
8 cpg 27 reduces
9 analysis 10 as
9 analysis 21 and
10 as 11 it
12 increases 14 extent
12 increases 18 between
12 increases 21 and
13 the 14 extent
14 extent 15 of
15 of 17 findings
16 common 17 findings
18 between 19 studies
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 is
22 is 23 more
24 powerful 25 as
25 as 26 it
27 reduces 31 problem
28 the 31 problem
29 multiple 31 problem
30 testing 31 problem
31 problem 32 inherent
31 problem 41 ewas
32 inherent 33 in
33 in 39 studies
34 epigenetic 37 genome
35 whole 36 -
35 whole 37 genome
37 genome 38 association
38 association 39 studies
40 ( 41 ewas
41 ewas 42 )

in addition , results driven by single erroneous probes are removed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 removed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 results
4 results 5 driven
4 results 10 are
5 driven 6 by
6 by 9 probes
7 single 9 probes
8 erroneous 9 probes
10 are 11 removed

we have used multiple publicly available infinium 450 k data sets to generate a consensus list of dmrs for age , supporting the hypothesis that aging is associated with specific epigenetic modifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 used
3 used 11 sets
3 used 12 to
3 used 13 generate
4 multiple 11 sets
5 publicly 6 available
6 available 11 sets
7 infinium 10 data
8 450 9 k
9 k 10 data
10 data 11 sets
12 to 13 generate
13 generate 16 list
13 generate 19 for
14 a 16 list
15 consensus 16 list
16 list 17 of
17 of 18 dmrs
19 for 20 age
21 , 22 supporting
21 , 28 associated
22 supporting 24 hypothesis
22 supporting 27 is
23 the 24 hypothesis
24 hypothesis 26 aging
25 that 26 aging
27 is 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
29 with 32 modifications
30 specific 32 modifications
31 epigenetic 32 modifications

the consensus aging dmrs are significantly enriched for muscle biogenesis pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consensus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 enriched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 consensus
2 consensus 3 aging
2 consensus 4 dmrs
2 consensus 5 are
2 consensus 7 enriched
4 dmrs 5 are
5 are 6 significantly
7 enriched 8 for
7 enriched 11 pathways
8 for 10 biogenesis
9 muscle 10 biogenesis

we find a massive increase in vmrs with age and in regions of the genome associated with open chromatin and neurotransmission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 5 increase
2 find 6 in
3 a 4 massive
3 a 5 increase
4 massive 5 increase
6 in 20 and
7 vmrs 10 and
7 vmrs 20 and
8 with 9 age
8 with 10 and
10 and 11 in
11 in 12 regions
12 regions 13 of
13 of 15 genome
14 the 15 genome
15 genome 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 19 chromatin
18 open 19 chromatin
20 and 21 neurotransmission

old age vmrs are significantly enriched for neurotransmission pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vmrs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 enriched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 old 2 age
2 age 3 vmrs
3 vmrs 4 are
4 are 6 enriched
5 significantly 6 enriched
6 enriched 7 for
7 for 9 pathways
8 neurotransmission 9 pathways

ewas studies should investigate the role of this interindividual variation in dna methylation , in the age - associated diseases of sarcopenia and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 ewas 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 role
4 investigate 11 in
4 investigate 23 and
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
7 of 10 variation
8 this 9 interindividual
9 interindividual 10 variation
11 in 12 dna
12 dna 13 methylation
12 dna 21 of
13 methylation 15 in
13 methylation 19 associated
14 , 15 in
15 in 17 age
15 in 18 -
16 the 17 age
19 associated 20 diseases
20 diseases 21 of
22 sarcopenia 23 and
23 and 24 dementia

this article discusses the first nations sample of a larger study on dementia care decisions and knowledge sharing.the purpose is to enhance understanding of the process of knowledge sharing among health care practitioners ( hcps ) , care partners , and persons with dementia ( pwds ) within a rural first nations community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 enhance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 discusses
3 discusses 7 sample
3 discusses 12 on
4 the 7 sample
5 first 6 nations
6 nations 7 sample
7 sample 8 of
8 of 11 study
9 a 11 study
10 larger 11 study
12 on 15 decisions
13 dementia 15 decisions
14 care 15 decisions
16 and 19 purpose
16 and 20 is
17 knowledge 19 purpose
18 sharing.the 19 purpose
19 purpose 20 is
20 is 21 to
21 to 22 enhance
22 enhance 23 understanding
22 enhance 30 among
22 enhance 48 within
23 understanding 24 of
23 understanding 27 of
24 of 26 process
25 the 26 process
27 of 29 sharing
28 knowledge 29 sharing
30 among 33 practitioners
31 health 32 care
32 care 33 practitioners
33 practitioners 35 hcps
33 practitioners 41 and
34 ( 35 hcps
35 hcps 36 )
37 , 41 and
38 care 39 partners
39 partners 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 persons
41 and 43 with
41 and 47 )
43 with 44 dementia
44 dementia 46 pwds
45 ( 46 pwds
46 pwds 47 )
48 within 53 community
49 a 50 rural
49 a 53 community
50 rural 53 community
51 first 52 nations
52 nations 53 community

a constructivist grounded theory methodology was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 a 5 methodology
2 constructivist 3 grounded
3 grounded 5 methodology
4 theory 5 methodology
5 methodology 6 was
6 was 7 used

nineteen interviews were conducted at three points in time with two dementia care networks that included two pwds , three care partners , and two hcps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 nineteen 2 interviews
2 interviews 3 were
3 were 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 at
4 conducted 10 with
5 at 7 points
6 three 7 points
7 points 8 in
8 in 9 time
10 with 14 networks
11 two 14 networks
12 dementia 13 care
13 care 14 networks
14 networks 15 that
14 networks 16 included
15 that 16 included
16 included 18 pwds
17 two 18 pwds
19 , 24 and
20 three 22 partners
21 care 22 partners
22 partners 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 hcps
25 two 26 hcps

a sharing dementia care knowledge model was conceived , with the pwds and their care partners at the centre . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 conceived
1 a 6 model
2 sharing 6 model
3 dementia 4 care
4 care 6 model
5 knowledge 6 model
6 model 7 was
7 was 8 conceived
8 conceived 10 with
9 , 10 with
10 with 13 and
10 with 20 .
11 the 12 pwds
12 pwds 13 and
13 and 16 partners
13 and 17 at
14 their 16 partners
15 care 16 partners
17 at 19 centre
18 the 19 centre

knowledge sharing in the model was represented by three broad themes [:] ( 1 [ )(developing trusting relationships , ( 2 ) accessing [and] adapting the information [,] [and] ( 3 ) applying the information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 knowledge 2 sharing
1 knowledge 6 was
1 knowledge 7 represented
2 sharing 3 in
2 sharing 6 was
3 in 5 model
4 the 5 model
7 represented 8 by
7 represented 23 accessing
8 by 11 themes
9 three 11 themes
10 broad 11 themes
11 themes 14 1
11 themes 21 2
13 ( 14 1
14 1 16 )(developing
14 1 17 trusting
14 1 19 ,
17 trusting 18 relationships
20 ( 21 2
21 2 22 )
23 accessing 25 adapting
23 accessing 33 applying
25 adapting 27 information
26 the 27 information
27 information 31 3
30 ( 31 3
31 3 32 )
33 applying 35 information
34 the 35 information

culturally sensitive approaches were essential to developing trusting relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 culturally 3 approaches
2 sensitive 3 approaches
3 approaches 4 were
4 were 5 essential
5 essential 6 to
6 to 7 developing
7 developing 9 relationships
8 trusting 9 relationships

once developed , knowledge sharing through accessing , adapting , and applying the information was possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 once 2 developed
2 developed 3 ,
2 developed 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 5 sharing
4 knowledge 15 was
5 sharing 6 through
5 sharing 14 information
6 through 11 and
7 accessing 8 ,
8 , 9 adapting
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 applying
13 the 14 information
15 was 16 possible

the classic theories of aging such as the free radical theory , including its mitochondria - related versions , have largely focused on a few specific processes of senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 theories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 theories
2 classic 3 theories
3 theories 4 of
3 theories 13 including
3 theories 20 have
4 of 5 aging
5 aging 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 11 theory
8 the 11 theory
9 free 11 theory
10 radical 11 theory
12 , 13 including
13 including 15 mitochondria
13 including 16 -
14 its 15 mitochondria
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 versions
17 related 19 ,
17 related 20 have
20 have 22 focused
21 largely 22 focused
22 focused 23 on
23 on 27 processes
24 a 25 few
25 few 27 processes
26 specific 27 processes
27 processes 28 of
28 of 29 senescence

meanwhile , numerous interconnections have become apparent between age - dependent changes previously thought to proceed more or less independently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interconnections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 thought
1 meanwhile 2 ,
1 meanwhile 4 interconnections
3 numerous 4 interconnections
4 interconnections 5 have
5 have 6 become
6 become 7 apparent
7 apparent 8 between
8 between 9 age
10 - 14 thought
11 dependent 12 changes
12 changes 14 thought
13 previously 14 thought
14 thought 15 to
14 thought 21 .
15 to 16 proceed
16 proceed 18 or
16 proceed 20 independently
17 more 18 or
18 or 19 less

increased damage by free radicals is not only linked to impairments of mitochondrial function , but also [to] inflammaging as it occurs during immune remodeling and by release of proinflammatory cytokines from mitotically arrested [,] dna - damaged cells that exhibit the senescence - associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 not
1 increased 6 is
2 damage 3 by
2 damage 6 is
3 by 5 radicals
4 free 5 radicals
7 not 8 only
7 not 19 inflammaging
9 linked 10 to
9 linked 15 ,
9 linked 19 inflammaging
10 to 11 impairments
11 impairments 12 of
12 of 14 function
13 mitochondrial 14 function
16 but 17 also
16 but 19 inflammaging
19 inflammaging 20 as
19 inflammaging 22 occurs
20 as 21 it
22 occurs 26 and
22 occurs 32 from
23 during 25 remodeling
23 during 26 and
24 immune 25 remodeling
26 and 27 by
27 by 28 release
28 release 29 of
29 of 31 cytokines
30 proinflammatory 31 cytokines
32 from 36 dna
33 mitotically 34 arrested
34 arrested 36 dna
36 dna 39 cells
37 - 39 cells
38 damaged 39 cells
39 cells 40 that
39 cells 41 exhibit
39 cells 51 .
40 that 41 exhibit
41 exhibit 43 senescence
42 the 43 senescence
43 senescence 47 phenotype
44 - 47 phenotype
45 associated 47 phenotype
46 secretory 47 phenotype
47 phenotype 49 sasp
47 phenotype 51 .
48 ( 49 sasp
49 sasp 50 )

among other effects , sasp can cause mutations in stem cells that reduce the capacity for tissue regeneration or [,] [in] [worst] case , lead to cancer stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sasp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 among 3 effects
1 among 4 ,
1 among 5 sasp
2 other 3 effects
5 sasp 6 can
6 can 7 cause
7 cause 8 mutations
8 mutations 9 in
8 mutations 12 that
8 mutations 24 ,
9 in 11 cells
10 stem 11 cells
12 that 24 ,
13 reduce 15 capacity
13 reduce 16 for
13 reduce 24 ,
14 the 15 capacity
16 for 19 or
17 tissue 18 regeneration
18 regeneration 19 or
19 or 23 case
24 , 25 lead
25 lead 26 to
26 to 29 cells
27 cancer 29 cells
28 stem 29 cells

oxidative stress has also been shown to promote telomere attrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 has
3 has 5 been
4 also 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
7 to 8 promote
8 promote 10 attrition
9 telomere 10 attrition

moreover , damage by free radicals is connected to impaired circadian rhythmicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 connected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 damage
3 damage 4 by
3 damage 7 is
4 by 6 radicals
5 free 6 radicals
7 is 8 connected
8 connected 9 to
9 to 12 rhythmicity
10 impaired 12 rhythmicity
11 circadian 12 rhythmicity

another nexus exists between cellular oscillators and metabolic sensing , in particular to the aging - suppressor sirt1 , which acts as an accessory clock protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nexus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 another 2 nexus
2 nexus 3 exists
3 exists 4 between
4 between 7 and
5 cellular 6 oscillators
6 oscillators 7 and
7 and 9 sensing
7 and 10 ,
7 and 12 particular
7 and 13 to
7 and 20 which
7 and 21 acts
8 metabolic 9 sensing
11 in 12 particular
13 to 15 aging
14 the 15 aging
15 aging 18 sirt1
16 - 18 sirt1
17 suppressor 18 sirt1
18 sirt1 19 ,
20 which 21 acts
21 acts 22 as
22 as 26 protein
23 an 26 protein
24 accessory 26 protein
25 clock 26 protein

melatonin , being a highly pleiotropic regulator molecule , interacts directly or indirectly with all the processes mentioned . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 melatonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 interacts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 melatonin 3 being
1 melatonin 10 interacts
2 , 3 being
3 being 8 molecule
3 being 9 ,
4 a 5 highly
4 a 8 molecule
5 highly 6 pleiotropic
6 pleiotropic 7 regulator
7 regulator 8 molecule
10 interacts 12 or
10 interacts 14 with
11 directly 12 or
12 or 13 indirectly
14 with 15 all
15 all 16 the
15 all 17 processes
16 the 17 processes
17 processes 18 mentioned

these influences are critically reviewed , with emphasis on data from aged organisms and senescence - accelerated animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 influences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 influences
2 influences 3 are
3 are 5 reviewed
4 critically 5 reviewed
5 reviewed 7 with
6 , 7 with
7 with 8 emphasis
7 with 16 -
8 emphasis 9 on
9 on 10 data
10 data 11 from
11 from 14 and
12 aged 13 organisms
13 organisms 14 and
14 and 15 senescence
16 - 18 animals
17 accelerated 18 animals

[the] sometimes - controversial findings obtained either in a nongerontological context or in comparisons of tumor [with] nontumor cells are discussed in light of evidence obtained in senescent organisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 sometimes 3 -
2 sometimes 5 findings
4 controversial 5 findings
5 findings 6 obtained
5 findings 20 are
6 obtained 12 or
7 either 12 or
8 in 11 context
8 in 12 or
9 a 10 nongerontological
9 a 11 context
10 nongerontological 11 context
12 or 13 in
13 in 14 comparisons
14 comparisons 15 of
15 of 19 cells
16 tumor 19 cells
18 nontumor 19 cells
20 are 21 discussed
21 discussed 22 in
22 in 23 light
23 light 24 of
24 of 25 evidence
25 evidence 26 obtained
26 obtained 27 in
27 in 29 organisms
28 senescent 29 organisms

although , in mammals , lifetime extension by melatonin has been rarely documented in a fully conclusive way , a support of healthy aging has been observed in rodents and is highly likely in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 although 7 extension
1 although 13 documented
1 although 19 ,
1 although 21 support
2 , 3 in
3 in 4 mammals
3 in 5 ,
3 in 7 extension
6 lifetime 7 extension
7 extension 8 by
7 extension 10 has
8 by 9 melatonin
10 has 11 been
11 been 13 documented
12 rarely 13 documented
13 documented 14 in
14 in 18 way
15 a 16 fully
15 a 18 way
16 fully 17 conclusive
17 conclusive 18 way
20 a 21 support
21 support 22 of
21 support 30 and
22 of 24 aging
23 healthy 24 aging
25 has 26 been
25 has 30 and
26 been 27 observed
27 observed 28 in
28 in 29 rodents
30 and 31 is
31 is 33 likely
32 highly 33 likely
33 likely 34 in
34 in 35 humans

oncocytomas are benign tumors most often occurring in salivary or lacrimal glands and thyroid tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oncocytomas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 oncocytomas 2 are
2 are 4 tumors
3 benign 4 tumors
4 tumors 7 occurring
5 most 6 often
6 often 7 occurring
7 occurring 8 in
8 in 13 and
9 salivary 10 or
10 or 11 lacrimal
10 or 12 glands
12 glands 13 and
13 and 15 tissue
14 thyroid 15 tissue

as cutaneous oncocytoma is exceptionally rare , this tumor is uncommonly encountered by dermatopathologists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tumor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 encountered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 as 3 oncocytoma
1 as 4 is
1 as 7 ,
1 as 9 tumor
2 cutaneous 3 oncocytoma
3 oncocytoma 4 is
4 is 6 rare
5 exceptionally 6 rare
8 this 9 tumor
9 tumor 10 is
10 is 12 encountered
11 uncommonly 12 encountered
12 encountered 13 by
13 by 14 dermatopathologists

herein , we illustrate the case of an 80 [-] year [-] old man [who] presented with a slowly growing papule of the lower eyelid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 herein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 , 3 we
2 , 4 illustrate
3 we 4 illustrate
4 illustrate 6 case
4 illustrate 17 with
5 the 6 case
6 case 7 of
7 of 14 man
8 an 14 man
9 80 11 year
11 year 14 man
13 old 14 man
14 man 16 presented
17 with 21 papule
18 a 21 papule
19 slowly 20 growing
20 growing 21 papule
21 papule 22 of
22 of 25 eyelid
23 the 25 eyelid
24 lower 25 eyelid

histopathologically , the adenomatous tumor was composed of large monomorphic cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tumor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 composed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 histopathologically 2 ,
1 histopathologically 5 tumor
3 the 5 tumor
4 adenomatous 5 tumor
5 tumor 6 was
6 was 7 composed
7 composed 8 of
7 composed 12 with
8 of 11 cells
9 large 11 cells
10 monomorphic 11 cells
12 with 15 cytoplasm
13 eosinophilic 15 cytoplasm
14 granular 15 cytoplasm

electron microscopy revealed abundant , enlarged [and] abnormally shaped mitochondria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 microscopy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 electron 2 microscopy
2 microscopy 3 revealed
3 revealed 10 mitochondria
4 abundant 5 ,
4 abundant 10 mitochondria
6 enlarged 10 mitochondria
8 abnormally 9 shaped
9 shaped 10 mitochondria

these findings were consistent with an oncocytoma of the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 were
3 were 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
5 with 7 oncocytoma
6 an 7 oncocytoma
7 oncocytoma 8 of
8 of 10 skin
9 the 10 skin

the presented case is unique in that the thorough work - up of the tumor tissue revealed not only hyperplastic mitochondria , representing the ultrastructural correlate [of] the observed granular cytoplasm , but additionally disclosed functional consequences with elevated levels of reactive oxygen [specimen] ( ros ) within the tumor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 3 case
2 presented 3 case
3 case 4 is
4 is 5 unique
5 unique 7 that
6 in 7 that
7 that 9 thorough
7 that 10 work
8 the 9 thorough
9 thorough 10 work
11 - 25 ultrastructural
11 - 33 but
11 - 51 .
12 up 25 ultrastructural
13 of 16 tissue
13 of 25 ultrastructural
14 the 16 tissue
15 tumor 16 tissue
16 tissue 17 revealed
18 not 23 representing
18 not 25 ultrastructural
19 only 20 hyperplastic
20 hyperplastic 23 representing
21 mitochondria 22 ,
21 mitochondria 23 representing
24 the 25 ultrastructural
25 ultrastructural 33 but
26 correlate 31 cytoplasm
26 correlate 33 but
28 the 31 cytoplasm
29 observed 31 cytoplasm
30 granular 31 cytoplasm
32 , 33 but
33 but 35 disclosed
34 additionally 35 disclosed
35 disclosed 37 consequences
35 disclosed 38 with
35 disclosed 48 within
36 functional 37 consequences
38 with 40 levels
39 elevated 40 levels
40 levels 41 of
41 of 43 oxygen
42 reactive 43 oxygen
43 oxygen 46 ros
45 ( 46 ros
46 ros 47 )
48 within 50 tumor
49 the 50 tumor

disrupted oxygen metabolism may result from cellular aging processes and may putatively represent the underlying pathogenesis of oncocytoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 metabolism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 disrupted 2 oxygen
2 oxygen 3 metabolism
3 metabolism 10 and
4 may 5 result
4 may 10 and
5 result 6 from
6 from 9 processes
7 cellular 9 processes
8 aging 9 processes
10 and 11 may
10 and 16 pathogenesis
11 may 13 represent
12 putatively 13 represent
13 represent 15 underlying
14 the 15 underlying
16 pathogenesis 17 of
17 of 18 oncocytoma

the current study used [falls] direction to categorize [falls] and explore age - related effects on the biomechanics of medio - lateral balance control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 current
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 the 2 current
2 current 10 and
3 study 6 direction
3 study 10 and
4 used 6 direction
6 direction 7 to
6 direction 8 categorize
7 to 8 categorize
10 and 11 explore
11 explore 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 effects
14 related 16 on
14 related 25 .
16 on 18 biomechanics
17 the 18 biomechanics
18 biomechanics 19 of
19 of 24 control
20 medio 21 -
20 medio 23 balance
22 lateral 23 balance
23 balance 24 control

lateral [center] of pressure ( cop ) displacement from [toe] [-] off [to] mlm was also monitored to assess the risk of medio - lateral balance perturbation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 displacement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 monitored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 lateral 8 displacement
3 of 4 pressure
3 of 8 displacement
4 pressure 6 cop
5 ( 6 cop
6 cop 7 )
8 displacement 9 from
8 displacement 15 was
9 from 12 off
12 off 14 mlm
15 was 17 monitored
16 also 17 monitored
17 monitored 18 to
18 to 19 assess
19 assess 21 risk
20 the 21 risk
21 risk 22 of
22 of 23 medio
24 - 27 perturbation
24 - 28 .
25 lateral 26 balance
26 balance 27 perturbation

gait testing involving 30 young and 26 older male subjects was conducted under the three step width conditions [:] preferred and ± 50 % wider and narrower . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 testing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 gait 2 testing
2 testing 3 involving
2 testing 11 was
3 involving 6 and
4 30 6 and
5 young 6 and
6 and 10 subjects
7 26 10 subjects
8 older 9 male
9 male 10 subjects
11 was 12 conducted
12 conducted 13 under
12 conducted 26 and
13 under 24 %
14 the 15 three
15 three 18 conditions
16 step 18 conditions
17 width 18 conditions
18 conditions 20 preferred
18 conditions 21 and
21 and 22 ±
21 and 24 %
22 ± 23 50
25 wider 26 and
26 and 27 narrower

for an overall description [of] gait , spatio - temporal parameters were also obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 for 6 gait
1 for 12 were
2 an 3 overall
2 an 6 gait
3 overall 4 description
4 description 6 gait
6 gait 8 spatio
7 , 8 spatio
8 spatio 9 -
10 temporal 11 parameters
11 parameters 12 were
12 were 13 also
12 were 14 obtained

typical ageing effects on spatio - temporal parameters such as lower step velocity , shorter step length and prolonged double support time were found [,] emerging most clearly [in] narrower , followed by wider [and] least in preferred width walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 typical 3 effects
2 ageing 3 effects
3 effects 4 on
3 effects 14 ,
4 on 8 parameters
5 spatio 6 -
5 spatio 8 parameters
7 temporal 8 parameters
8 parameters 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 13 velocity
11 lower 12 step
12 step 13 velocity
14 , 17 length
14 , 18 and
15 shorter 17 length
16 step 17 length
18 and 20 double
18 and 21 support
19 prolonged 20 double
21 support 22 time
21 support 23 were
21 support 31 ,
22 time 23 were
24 found 26 emerging
24 found 27 most
24 found 28 clearly
24 found 30 narrower
24 found 31 ,
31 , 32 followed
32 followed 33 by
32 followed 34 wider
32 followed 37 in
34 wider 36 least
37 in 39 width
38 preferred 39 width
39 width 40 walking

mlm and cop lateral displacement were not differentiated between the two age groups , but older adults demonstrated significantly more variable mlm and cop in their [non] [-] dominant limb when walking with [non] [-] preferred widths . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 mlm 2 and
2 and 3 cop
2 and 9 between
2 and 18 demonstrated
3 cop 8 differentiated
4 lateral 5 displacement
5 displacement 6 were
6 were 7 not
7 not 8 differentiated
9 between 17 adults
10 the 11 two
11 two 17 adults
12 age 13 groups
13 groups 15 but
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 older
15 but 17 adults
18 demonstrated 23 and
18 demonstrated 25 in
18 demonstrated 31 when
18 demonstrated 33 with
19 significantly 20 more
20 more 23 and
21 variable 22 mlm
22 mlm 23 and
23 and 24 cop
25 in 30 limb
26 their 30 limb
29 dominant 30 limb
31 when 32 walking
33 with 37 widths
36 preferred 37 widths

variability of step width reduced in increased and decreased step width conditions while mlm and cop variability increased , suggesting less consistent medio - lateral com control despite consistent foot control in altered width conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 variability 2 of
1 variability 12 conditions
2 of 4 width
3 step 4 width
4 width 5 reduced
5 reduced 6 in
6 in 8 and
7 increased 8 and
8 and 9 decreased
8 and 11 width
10 step 11 width
12 conditions 13 while
12 conditions 20 suggesting
12 conditions 27 control
12 conditions 28 despite
12 conditions 32 in
13 while 15 and
13 while 18 increased
14 mlm 15 and
15 and 17 variability
15 and 18 increased
16 cop 17 variability
19 , 20 suggesting
20 suggesting 23 medio
20 suggesting 24 -
21 less 23 medio
22 consistent 23 medio
25 lateral 27 control
26 com 27 control
28 despite 31 control
29 consistent 30 foot
30 foot 31 control
32 in 35 conditions
33 altered 35 conditions
34 width 35 conditions

in summary , older adults were found to have less consistent control of com with respect to the [non] [-] dominant stance foot when walking with narrower and wider widths possibly due to more variable medio - lateral cop control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 2 summary
3 , 5 adults
3 , 7 found
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 were
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 to
8 to 9 have
9 have 12 control
9 have 24 when
10 less 12 control
11 consistent 12 control
12 control 13 of
13 of 14 com
14 com 15 with
15 with 16 respect
16 respect 17 to
17 to 23 foot
18 the 23 foot
21 dominant 22 stance
22 stance 23 foot
24 when 25 walking
25 walking 26 with
26 with 30 widths
26 with 31 possibly
26 with 33 to
27 narrower 28 and
28 and 29 wider
28 and 30 widths
32 due 33 to
33 to 40 control
34 more 35 variable
35 variable 40 control
36 medio 37 -
36 medio 40 control
38 lateral 40 control
39 cop 40 control

the rapid increase in the ageing population of most developed countries is presenting significant challenges to policymakers [of] [public] [healthcare] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rapid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 presenting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 rapid
2 rapid 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
4 in 6 ageing
5 the 6 ageing
6 ageing 7 population
6 ageing 13 presenting
7 population 8 of
7 population 12 is
8 of 11 countries
9 most 10 developed
10 developed 11 countries
12 is 13 presenting
13 presenting 15 challenges
13 presenting 16 to
14 significant 15 challenges
16 to 17 policymakers

to address this problem , we propose a smarter safer home solution that enables ageing australians to live independently longer in their own homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 2 address
1 to 5 ,
1 to 6 we
2 address 4 problem
3 this 4 problem
6 we 7 propose
7 propose 12 solution
8 a 12 solution
9 smarter 10 safer
10 safer 11 home
11 home 12 solution
12 solution 13 that
12 solution 14 enables
13 that 14 enables
14 enables 16 australians
14 enables 17 to
14 enables 18 live
15 ageing 16 australians
17 to 18 live
18 live 19 independently
18 live 20 longer
18 live 21 in
21 in 24 homes
22 their 23 own
22 their 24 homes

the primary aim of our approach is to enhance the quality of life ( qol ) of aged citizens and the family quality of life ( fqol ) for the adult children supporting their aged parents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 aim
2 primary 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 7 is
4 of 6 approach
5 our 6 approach
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 enhance
8 to 9 enhance
9 enhance 11 quality
10 the 11 quality
11 quality 12 of
11 quality 17 of
12 of 13 life
13 life 15 qol
14 ( 15 qol
15 qol 16 )
17 of 20 and
18 aged 19 citizens
19 citizens 20 and
20 and 23 quality
20 and 24 of
20 and 29 for
20 and 33 supporting
21 the 23 quality
22 family 23 quality
24 of 25 life
25 life 27 fqol
26 ( 27 fqol
27 fqol 28 )
29 for 32 children
30 the 32 children
31 adult 32 children
33 supporting 36 parents
34 their 36 parents
35 aged 36 parents

to achieve this , we use environmentally placed sensors for [non] [-] intrusive monitoring of human behaviour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 to 2 achieve
2 achieve 3 this
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 use
5 we 6 use
6 use 9 sensors
7 environmentally 8 placed
8 placed 9 sensors
9 sensors 10 for
10 for 14 monitoring
13 intrusive 14 monitoring
14 monitoring 15 of
15 of 17 behaviour
16 human 17 behaviour

subsequently , these estimated adls would be correlated with reported and recorded health events to predicate health [decline] or critical health situations from the changes in adls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 predicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 5 adls
3 these 5 adls
4 estimated 5 adls
5 adls 6 would
6 would 7 be
7 be 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 15 to
9 with 11 and
10 reported 11 and
11 and 12 recorded
12 recorded 14 events
13 health 14 events
15 to 16 predicate
16 predicate 19 or
16 predicate 23 from
16 predicate 26 in
17 health 19 or
19 or 22 situations
20 critical 21 health
21 health 22 situations
23 from 25 changes
24 the 25 changes
26 in 27 adls

australia has an ever increasing ageing population due to advances in healthcare and post - war booms in fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 australia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 australia 2 has
2 has 7 population
2 has 9 to
2 has 11 in
3 an 7 population
4 ever 5 increasing
5 increasing 6 ageing
6 ageing 7 population
8 due 9 to
9 to 10 advances
11 in 13 and
12 healthcare 13 and
13 and 14 post
15 - 16 war
15 - 17 booms
16 war 17 booms
17 booms 18 in
18 in 19 fertility

estimations that over 22 % of the population will be aged 65+ in 2050 provide a strong incentive to develop innovative assistive technologies to support elderly people to live safely at home longer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 estimations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 estimations 2 that
1 estimations 9 will
1 estimations 15 provide
2 that 3 over
2 that 9 will
3 over 5 %
4 22 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 8 population
7 the 8 population
9 will 10 be
10 be 12 65+
11 aged 12 65+
12 65+ 13 in
13 in 14 2050
15 provide 18 incentive
15 provide 28 to
16 a 17 strong
16 a 18 incentive
17 strong 18 incentive
18 incentive 19 to
18 incentive 20 develop
19 to 20 develop
20 develop 23 technologies
20 develop 24 to
21 innovative 23 technologies
22 assistive 23 technologies
24 to 25 support
25 support 27 people
26 elderly 27 people
28 to 29 live
29 live 30 safely
29 live 31 at
29 live 33 longer
31 at 32 home

extended independent living can improve quality of life for elders and their families and reduce costs associated with health and aged care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 living
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 extended 3 living
2 independent 3 living
3 living 4 can
4 can 14 and
5 improve 6 quality
5 improve 9 for
5 improve 14 and
6 quality 7 of
7 of 8 life
9 for 11 and
10 elders 11 and
11 and 13 families
12 their 13 families
14 and 15 reduce
14 and 16 costs
16 costs 20 and
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 20 and
18 with 19 health
20 and 21 aged
20 and 22 care

there is however , the need to monitor the elderly resident 's safety , physical health and brain function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 however
2 is 6 need
3 however 4 ,
5 the 6 need
6 need 7 to
6 need 8 monitor
7 to 8 monitor
8 monitor 13 safety
9 the 11 resident
10 elderly 11 resident
11 resident 12 's
12 's 13 safety
14 , 17 and
14 , 19 function
15 physical 16 health
16 health 17 and
17 and 18 brain
17 and 19 function

the smarter safer homes project aims to develop a platform to facilitate independent living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 project
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 5 project
2 smarter 3 safer
3 safer 4 homes
4 homes 5 project
5 project 6 aims
6 aims 7 to
6 aims 11 to
6 aims 12 facilitate
7 to 8 develop
8 develop 10 platform
9 a 10 platform
11 to 12 facilitate
12 facilitate 14 living
13 independent 14 living

the platform will aggregate sensor information at environmental , cognitive , physical , and physiological levels , allowing changes and trends in activities of daily living to be monitored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 platform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aggregate
1 the 2 platform
2 platform 3 will
3 will 4 aggregate
4 aggregate 6 information
5 sensor 6 information
6 information 7 at
6 information 18 allowing
7 at 16 levels
8 environmental 9 ,
8 environmental 16 levels
10 cognitive 11 ,
10 cognitive 16 levels
12 physical 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 physiological
14 and 16 levels
17 , 18 allowing
18 allowing 20 and
18 allowing 27 to
18 allowing 28 be
18 allowing 30 .
19 changes 20 and
20 and 21 trends
21 trends 22 in
22 in 23 activities
23 activities 24 of
24 of 26 living
25 daily 26 living
27 to 28 be
28 be 29 monitored

such monitoring could potentially predict decline [of] brain [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 monitoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 such 2 monitoring
2 monitoring 3 could
3 could 5 predict
4 potentially 5 predict
5 predict 8 brain
6 decline 8 brain

here we present [how] data derived from a sensor - based in [-] home monitoring [system] may be able to be used to provide a measure of neurological health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 present
3 present 5 data
3 present 12 in
5 data 6 derived
6 derived 7 from
6 derived 10 -
6 derived 11 based
7 from 9 sensor
8 a 9 sensor
12 in 14 home
14 home 15 monitoring
14 home 24 provide
15 monitoring 17 may
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 able
19 able 20 to
19 able 22 used
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 used
22 used 23 to
22 used 24 provide
23 to 24 provide
24 provide 29 health
25 a 26 measure
26 measure 27 of
26 measure 29 health
27 of 29 health
28 neurological 29 health

this measure could then facilitate tailoring of the home to meet the resident 's changing needs , or to determine when a move to residential care is required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 measure
2 measure 3 could
3 could 5 facilitate
4 then 5 facilitate
5 facilitate 6 tailoring
5 facilitate 10 to
6 tailoring 7 of
7 of 9 home
8 the 9 home
10 to 18 or
11 meet 16 needs
11 meet 18 or
12 the 13 resident
13 resident 14 's
14 's 16 needs
15 changing 16 needs
17 , 18 or
18 or 19 to
18 or 20 determine
19 to 20 determine
20 determine 21 when
21 when 23 move
21 when 28 required
22 a 23 move
23 move 24 to
23 move 27 is
24 to 26 care
25 residential 26 care
27 is 28 required

this study investigated the relationship between neuropsychological test scores and gait speed in three gait tasks using baseline cross - sectional data from 4694 healthy adults ( 54 % women , age ( mean±sd ) 62.4±8.2 ) from the irish longitudinal study on aging ( tilda ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 relationship
3 investigated 13 in
4 the 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 between
6 between 10 and
7 neuropsychological 8 test
8 test 9 scores
9 scores 10 and
10 and 12 speed
11 gait 12 speed
13 in 14 three
14 three 16 tasks
14 three 19 cross
14 three 22 data
15 gait 16 tasks
16 tasks 17 using
16 tasks 19 cross
17 using 18 baseline
20 - 22 data
21 sectional 22 data
22 data 23 from
22 data 38 from
22 data 47 )
23 from 26 adults
24 4694 26 adults
25 healthy 26 adults
26 adults 30 women
26 adults 32 age
27 ( 30 women
28 54 30 women
29 % 30 women
30 women 31 ,
31 , 32 age
32 age 36 62.4±8.2
32 age 37 )
33 ( 36 62.4±8.2
34 mean±sd 35 )
34 mean±sd 36 62.4±8.2
36 62.4±8.2 37 )
38 from 42 study
39 the 40 irish
40 irish 41 longitudinal
41 longitudinal 42 study
42 study 43 on
42 study 46 tilda
43 on 44 aging
45 ( 46 tilda
46 tilda 47 )

global cognition , short term memory , speed of processing , executive function and sustained attention were measured by a detailed battery of neuropsychological tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 global 2 cognition
2 cognition 3 ,
3 , 6 memory
3 , 7 ,
4 short 6 memory
5 term 6 memory
7 , 8 speed
7 , 11 ,
8 speed 9 of
9 of 10 processing
11 , 13 function
11 , 14 and
12 executive 13 function
14 and 16 attention
14 and 17 were
15 sustained 16 attention
17 were 18 measured
18 measured 19 by
19 by 22 battery
20 a 21 detailed
20 a 22 battery
21 detailed 22 battery
22 battery 23 of
23 of 25 tests
24 neuropsychological 25 tests

gait speed was recorded from a gaitrite ™ pressure sensing mat during a single walk and two dual [walking] tasks ; dual cognitive walk [(] alternate letters [ )(and dual motor walk ( carrying a glass of water ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 gait 2 speed
2 speed 3 was
3 was 4 recorded
4 recorded 5 from
4 recorded 12 during
5 from 11 mat
6 a 11 mat
7 gaitrite 11 mat
8 ™ 11 mat
9 pressure 11 mat
10 sensing 11 mat
12 during 16 and
13 a 14 single
13 a 15 walk
14 single 15 walk
15 walk 16 and
16 and 20 tasks
16 and 21 ;
17 two 20 tasks
18 dual 20 tasks
21 ; 29 )(and
21 ; 32 walk
22 dual 27 letters
23 cognitive 24 walk
24 walk 26 alternate
26 alternate 27 letters
27 letters 29 )(and
29 )(and 31 motor
29 )(and 32 walk
30 dual 31 motor
32 walk 34 carrying
33 ( 34 carrying
34 carrying 36 glass
34 carrying 39 )
35 a 36 glass
36 glass 37 of
37 of 38 water

correlations between neuropsychological test scores and the three gait speed outcomes were investigated using univariate and multiple linear regressions models [;] firstly adjusting for age , gender , height , education and depression only and then including all neuropsychological test scores in the same regression model and adjusting as previously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 correlations 2 between
1 correlations 6 and
2 between 5 scores
3 neuropsychological 5 scores
4 test 5 scores
6 and 9 gait
6 and 10 speed
6 and 13 investigated
7 the 9 gait
8 three 9 gait
10 speed 11 outcomes
10 speed 12 were
10 speed 13 investigated
11 outcomes 12 were
13 investigated 14 using
14 using 35 and
14 using 42 in
14 using 50 previously
15 univariate 16 and
16 and 20 models
16 and 23 adjusting
16 and 35 and
17 multiple 19 regressions
18 linear 19 regressions
19 regressions 20 models
22 firstly 23 adjusting
23 adjusting 24 for
23 adjusting 34 only
24 for 32 and
25 age 26 ,
26 , 27 gender
26 , 28 ,
28 , 29 height
28 , 30 ,
30 , 31 education
30 , 32 and
32 and 33 depression
35 and 36 then
35 and 41 scores
37 including 41 scores
38 all 39 neuropsychological
39 neuropsychological 40 test
40 test 41 scores
42 in 47 and
43 the 44 same
43 the 46 model
45 regression 46 model
46 model 47 and
47 and 48 adjusting
49 as 50 previously

it was found that short term memory , speed of processing and attention were significantly correlated with gait speed in all three gait conditions , with global cognition and executive function also significantly correlated with gait speed in the dual cognitive walk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 7 memory
4 that 5 short
5 short 6 term
6 term 7 memory
8 , 12 and
8 , 16 correlated
9 speed 10 of
9 speed 12 and
10 of 11 processing
12 and 13 attention
12 and 14 were
14 were 16 correlated
15 significantly 16 correlated
16 correlated 17 with
17 with 19 speed
17 with 20 in
18 gait 19 speed
20 in 24 conditions
21 all 22 three
22 three 24 conditions
23 gait 24 conditions
24 conditions 26 with
25 , 26 with
26 with 29 and
26 with 43 .
27 global 28 cognition
28 cognition 29 and
29 and 31 function
29 and 34 correlated
30 executive 31 function
32 also 34 correlated
33 significantly 34 correlated
34 correlated 35 with
34 correlated 38 in
35 with 37 speed
36 gait 37 speed
38 in 42 walk
39 the 42 walk
40 dual 42 walk
41 cognitive 42 walk

the nature and complexity of the task performed affected gait speed with the addition of the cognitive task while walking causing a larger reduction in gait speed than the addition of the motor task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 nature
2 nature 3 and
3 and 4 complexity
3 and 5 of
3 and 11 speed
5 of 10 gait
6 the 10 gait
7 task 8 performed
8 performed 10 gait
9 affected 10 gait
11 speed 12 with
11 speed 19 while
11 speed 24 reduction
11 speed 25 in
11 speed 28 than
12 with 14 addition
13 the 14 addition
14 addition 15 of
15 of 18 task
16 the 18 task
17 cognitive 18 task
19 while 20 walking
20 walking 21 causing
22 a 24 reduction
23 larger 24 reduction
25 in 27 speed
26 gait 27 speed
28 than 30 addition
29 the 30 addition
30 addition 31 of
31 of 34 task
32 the 34 task
33 motor 34 task

this indicates that for this healthy nationally representative population sample there is a link between neural processes involved in movement and cognition and this association differs [depending] on the gait task performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 indicates
2 indicates 3 that
2 indicates 12 is
3 that 4 for
3 that 12 is
4 for 10 sample
5 this 10 sample
6 healthy 9 population
7 nationally 8 representative
8 representative 9 population
9 population 10 sample
10 sample 11 there
12 is 14 link
12 is 15 between
12 is 19 in
13 a 14 link
15 between 17 processes
16 neural 17 processes
17 processes 18 involved
19 in 21 and
20 movement 21 and
21 and 22 cognition
23 and 25 association
23 and 26 differs
24 this 25 association
25 association 26 differs
26 differs 28 on
28 on 31 task
29 the 31 task
30 gait 31 task
31 task 32 performed

sleep is a physiological process with an internal program of a number of well defined sleep stages and intermediate wakefulness periods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sleep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 sleep 2 is
2 is 5 process
3 a 4 physiological
3 a 5 process
4 physiological 5 process
5 process 6 with
5 process 10 of
5 process 13 of
6 with 9 program
7 an 8 internal
7 an 9 program
8 internal 9 program
10 of 12 number
11 a 12 number
13 of 18 and
14 well 17 stages
15 defined 16 sleep
16 sleep 17 stages
17 stages 18 and
18 and 21 periods
19 intermediate 20 wakefulness
20 wakefulness 21 periods

the sleep stages modulate the autonomous nervous system and thereby the sleep stages are accompanied by different regulation regimes for the cardiovascular and respiratory system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 stages
2 sleep 3 stages
3 stages 4 modulate
4 modulate 8 system
5 the 8 system
6 autonomous 8 system
7 nervous 8 system
9 and 10 thereby
9 and 13 stages
9 and 15 accompanied
11 the 13 stages
12 sleep 13 stages
13 stages 14 are
14 are 15 accompanied
15 accompanied 16 by
16 by 19 regimes
17 different 18 regulation
18 regulation 19 regimes
19 regimes 20 for
20 for 25 system
21 the 25 system
22 cardiovascular 23 and
23 and 24 respiratory
23 and 25 system

the differences in regulation can be distinguished by new techniques of cardiovascular physics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 5 can
3 in 4 regulation
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 distinguished
7 distinguished 8 by
8 by 10 techniques
9 new 10 techniques
10 techniques 11 of
11 of 13 physics
12 cardiovascular 13 physics

the number of patients suffering from sleep disorders increases unproportionally with the increase of the human population and aging , leading to very high expenses in the public health system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 18 and
3 of 4 patients
4 patients 5 suffering
4 patients 14 of
5 suffering 6 from
5 suffering 9 increases
5 suffering 10 unproportionally
5 suffering 11 with
6 from 8 disorders
7 sleep 8 disorders
11 with 13 increase
12 the 13 increase
14 of 17 population
15 the 17 population
16 human 17 population
18 and 19 aging
18 and 20 ,
18 and 21 leading
21 leading 22 to
21 leading 26 in
22 to 25 expenses
23 very 24 high
24 high 25 expenses
26 in 30 system
27 the 30 system
28 public 30 system
29 health 30 system

therefore , the challenge of cardiovascular physics is to develop highly - sophisticated methods which are able [to] , on the one hand , supplement and [replace] expensive medical devices [and] , on the other hand , [improve] the medical diagnostics with decreasing the patient 's risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 challenge
3 the 4 challenge
4 challenge 5 of
4 challenge 8 is
5 of 7 physics
6 cardiovascular 7 physics
8 is 9 to
8 is 10 develop
9 to 10 develop
10 develop 11 highly
12 - 14 methods
12 - 19 ,
13 sophisticated 14 methods
14 methods 15 which
14 methods 16 are
15 which 16 are
16 are 17 able
19 , 23 hand
19 , 24 ,
20 on 22 one
20 on 23 hand
21 the 22 one
24 , 26 and
25 supplement 26 and
26 and 30 devices
26 and 32 ,
26 and 33 on
28 expensive 30 devices
29 medical 30 devices
33 on 36 hand
34 the 35 other
35 other 36 hand
36 hand 41 diagnostics
37 , 41 diagnostics
39 the 41 diagnostics
40 medical 41 diagnostics
41 diagnostics 42 with
41 diagnostics 48 .
42 with 43 decreasing
43 decreasing 47 risk
44 the 45 patient
45 patient 46 's
46 's 47 risk

methods of cardiovascular physics are used to analyze heart [rate] , blood pressure and respiration to detect changes of the autonomous nervous system in different diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methods 2 of
1 methods 5 are
2 of 4 physics
3 cardiovascular 4 physics
5 are 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 16 to
6 used 17 detect
7 to 11 ,
8 analyze 9 heart
8 analyze 11 ,
11 , 12 blood
12 blood 14 and
13 pressure 14 and
14 and 15 respiration
16 to 17 detect
17 detect 18 changes
17 detect 24 in
18 changes 19 of
19 of 23 system
20 the 23 system
21 autonomous 23 system
22 nervous 23 system
24 in 26 diseases
25 different 26 diseases

data driven modeling analysis , synchronization and coupling analysis and their applications to biosignals in healthy subjects and patients with different sleep disorders are presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 data 2 driven
1 data 3 modeling
1 data 5 ,
3 modeling 4 analysis
5 , 6 synchronization
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 analysis
7 and 10 and
8 coupling 9 analysis
10 and 12 applications
10 and 13 to
10 and 15 in
10 and 24 are
11 their 12 applications
13 to 14 biosignals
15 in 18 and
16 healthy 17 subjects
17 subjects 18 and
18 and 19 patients
18 and 20 with
20 with 23 disorders
21 different 22 sleep
22 sleep 23 disorders
24 are 25 presented

newly derived methods of cardiovascular physics can help to find indicators for these health risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 newly 2 derived
2 derived 3 methods
3 methods 4 of
3 methods 7 can
4 of 6 physics
5 cardiovascular 6 physics
7 can 8 help
8 help 9 to
8 help 10 find
9 to 10 find
10 find 11 indicators
11 indicators 12 for
12 for 15 risks
13 these 15 risks
14 health 15 risks

aging is a process that is inevitable , and makes our body vulnerable to age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 aging 2 is
2 is 4 process
3 a 4 process
4 process 5 that
4 process 10 makes
5 that 9 and
6 is 7 inevitable
6 is 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 makes
10 makes 12 body
11 our 12 body
12 body 13 vulnerable
13 vulnerable 14 to
13 vulnerable 15 age
14 to 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 diseases
17 related 19 .

age is the most consistent factor affecting the sleep structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 age 2 is
2 is 6 factor
3 the 6 factor
4 most 5 consistent
5 consistent 6 factor
6 factor 7 affecting
7 affecting 10 structure
8 the 10 structure
9 sleep 10 structure

therefore , new automatic sleep staging methods , to be used in both of young and elderly patients , are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 7 methods
3 new 5 sleep
4 automatic 5 sleep
5 sleep 7 methods
6 staging 7 methods
7 methods 9 to
7 methods 20 are
8 , 9 to
9 to 10 be
9 to 19 ,
10 be 11 used
11 used 12 in
12 in 13 both
13 both 14 of
14 of 18 patients
15 young 16 and
16 and 17 elderly
16 and 18 patients
20 are 21 needed

this study proposes an automatic sleep stage detector , which can separate wakefulness , rapid - eye - movement ( rem ) [sleep] and [non] - rem ( nrem ) sleep using only eeg and eog . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 proposes
3 proposes 8 detector
4 an 5 automatic
4 an 8 detector
5 automatic 7 stage
6 sleep 7 stage
7 stage 8 detector
8 detector 10 which
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 can
10 which 14 ,
11 can 12 separate
12 separate 13 wakefulness
14 , 17 eye
14 , 18 -
15 rapid 16 -
15 rapid 17 eye
18 - 19 movement
18 - 24 and
19 movement 21 rem
20 ( 21 rem
21 rem 22 )
24 and 26 -
24 and 31 sleep
26 - 27 rem
27 rem 29 nrem
27 rem 31 sleep
28 ( 29 nrem
29 nrem 30 )
31 sleep 32 using
32 using 33 only
32 using 36 eog
34 eeg 35 and
35 and 36 eog

most sleep events , which define the sleep stages , are reduced with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 most 3 events
2 sleep 3 events
3 events 5 which
3 events 11 are
4 , 5 which
5 which 6 define
5 which 10 ,
6 define 9 stages
7 the 9 stages
8 sleep 9 stages
11 are 12 reduced
12 reduced 13 with
13 with 14 age

this is addressed by focusing on the amplitude of the clinical eeg bands , and not the affected sleep events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 addressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 addressed
3 addressed 4 by
4 by 5 focusing
5 focusing 6 on
5 focusing 15 and
6 on 8 amplitude
7 the 8 amplitude
8 amplitude 9 of
9 of 12 eeg
10 the 12 eeg
11 clinical 12 eeg
13 bands 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 not
15 and 20 events
17 the 20 events
18 affected 19 sleep
19 sleep 20 events

the age - related influences are then reduced by robust subject - specific scaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 age
3 - 5 influences
3 - 8 reduced
3 - 15 .
4 related 5 influences
5 influences 6 are
6 are 8 reduced
7 then 8 reduced
8 reduced 9 by
9 by 14 scaling
10 robust 14 scaling
11 subject 12 -
11 subject 14 scaling
13 specific 14 scaling

the classification of the three sleep stages are achieved [by] a multi - class support vector machine using the one - [versus] - rest scheme . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 classification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 classification
2 classification 3 of
2 classification 9 achieved
3 of 5 three
4 the 5 three
5 three 7 stages
5 three 8 are
6 sleep 7 stages
7 stages 8 are
9 achieved 17 machine
11 a 12 multi
11 a 17 machine
12 multi 13 -
12 multi 14 class
14 class 17 machine
15 support 17 machine
16 vector 17 machine
17 machine 18 using
18 using 21 -
19 the 21 -
20 one 21 -
21 - 23 -
23 - 25 scheme
24 rest 25 scheme

it was possible to obtain a high classification accuracy of 0.91 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 possible
3 possible 4 to
3 possible 5 obtain
4 to 5 obtain
5 obtain 9 accuracy
6 a 7 high
6 a 9 accuracy
7 high 8 classification
8 classification 9 accuracy
9 accuracy 10 of
10 of 11 0.91

validation of the sleep stage detector in other sleep disorders , such as apnea and narcolepsy , should be considered in future work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 validation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 validation 2 of
1 validation 18 should
2 of 6 detector
3 the 6 detector
4 sleep 6 detector
5 stage 6 detector
6 detector 7 in
6 detector 13 as
7 in 10 disorders
8 other 10 disorders
9 sleep 10 disorders
11 , 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 15 and
13 as 17 ,
14 apnea 15 and
15 and 16 narcolepsy
18 should 19 be
19 be 20 considered
20 considered 21 in
21 in 23 work
22 future 23 work

[falls] prevention is important for older individuals to maintain healthy lifestyles and is an essential challenge in sustaining the socioeconomic structure of many advanced nations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 prevention 12 and
3 is 4 important
3 is 12 and
4 important 5 for
4 important 8 to
5 for 7 individuals
6 older 7 individuals
8 to 9 maintain
9 maintain 11 lifestyles
10 healthy 11 lifestyles
12 and 13 is
12 and 17 in
13 is 16 challenge
14 an 15 essential
14 an 16 challenge
15 essential 16 challenge
17 in 18 sustaining
18 sustaining 21 structure
19 the 21 structure
20 socioeconomic 21 structure
21 structure 22 of
22 of 25 nations
23 many 25 nations
24 advanced 25 nations

tripping has been recognized as the largest cause [of] [falls] and accordingly , understanding tripping - induced anterior balance loss is necessary in reducing the overall frequency of falls among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tripping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 tripping 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 recognized
4 recognized 5 as
5 as 8 cause
6 the 7 largest
6 the 8 cause
11 and 19 balance
11 and 29 falls
12 accordingly 13 ,
12 accordingly 19 balance
14 understanding 15 tripping
14 understanding 16 -
14 understanding 19 balance
17 induced 19 balance
18 anterior 19 balance
19 balance 20 loss
19 balance 28 of
19 balance 29 falls
20 loss 21 is
21 is 22 necessary
22 necessary 23 in
23 in 24 reducing
24 reducing 27 frequency
25 the 27 frequency
26 overall 27 frequency
27 frequency 28 of
29 falls 30 among
30 among 32 adults
31 older 32 adults

hazardous anterior balance loss due to tripping can be attributed to the mid - swing phase event , minimum foot clearance ( mfc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 hazardous 4 loss
2 anterior 4 loss
3 balance 4 loss
4 loss 5 due
4 loss 8 can
5 due 6 to
6 to 7 tripping
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 attributed
10 attributed 11 to
11 to 17 event
12 the 17 event
13 mid 14 -
13 mid 15 swing
15 swing 17 event
16 phase 17 event
17 event 21 clearance
18 , 21 clearance
19 minimum 20 foot
20 foot 21 clearance
21 clearance 23 mfc
21 clearance 24 )
22 ( 23 mfc
23 mfc 24 )

the mechanism of tripping - induced anterior balance loss can be described as anterior movement of the center [of] mass ( com ) passing the frontal boundary of the supporting base between the swing and stance toes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 of
2 mechanism 10 can
3 of 9 loss
4 tripping 5 -
4 tripping 8 balance
6 induced 8 balance
7 anterior 8 balance
8 balance 9 loss
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 described
12 described 13 as
13 as 15 movement
14 anterior 15 movement
15 movement 16 of
15 movement 24 passing
16 of 20 mass
17 the 20 mass
18 center 20 mass
20 mass 22 com
21 ( 22 com
22 com 23 )
24 passing 35 and
24 passing 37 toes
25 the 27 boundary
26 frontal 27 boundary
27 boundary 28 of
27 boundary 31 base
27 boundary 35 and
28 of 30 supporting
29 the 30 supporting
31 base 32 between
32 between 34 swing
33 the 34 swing
35 and 36 stance

the first aim of the current study was to establish a computational method for determining available response time ( art ) to anterior balance loss due to tripping at mfc , in other words , the time taken for com to reach the anterior boundary and therefore [,] the time limit for balance recovery . 
1 the 2 first
2 first 3 aim
2 first 9 to
2 first 10 establish
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 8 was
4 of 7 study
5 the 7 study
6 current 7 study
8 was 9 to
10 establish 46 and
11 a 12 computational
11 a 13 method
12 computational 13 method
13 method 14 for
13 method 26 due
13 method 46 and
14 for 15 determining
15 determining 18 time
15 determining 22 to
15 determining 25 loss
16 available 17 response
17 response 18 time
18 time 20 art
19 ( 20 art
20 art 21 )
22 to 24 balance
23 anterior 24 balance
26 due 27 to
26 due 34 words
26 due 37 time
27 to 28 tripping
28 tripping 29 at
29 at 30 mfc
31 , 34 words
32 in 33 other
33 other 34 words
34 words 35 ,
36 the 37 time
37 time 38 taken
38 taken 39 for
38 taken 41 to
39 for 40 com
41 to 42 reach
42 reach 45 boundary
43 the 45 boundary
44 anterior 45 boundary
46 and 47 therefore
46 and 51 limit
46 and 55 .
49 the 51 limit
50 time 51 limit
51 limit 52 for
52 for 54 recovery
53 balance 54 recovery

kinematic information of com and both toes in addition to simulated impact force due to tripping at mfc were used to estimate art . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 estimate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 kinematic 2 information
2 information 3 of
2 information 5 and
3 of 4 com
5 and 7 toes
5 and 19 were
6 both 7 toes
7 toes 8 in
7 toes 17 at
8 in 9 addition
9 addition 10 to
9 addition 14 due
10 to 13 force
11 simulated 12 impact
12 impact 13 force
14 due 15 to
15 to 16 tripping
17 at 18 mfc
19 were 20 used
20 used 21 to
21 to 22 estimate
22 estimate 23 art

the second aim was to apply correlation analysis to a range of gait parameters to identify the factors influencing art . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 aim
2 second 3 aim
3 aim 4 was
4 was 5 to
4 was 6 apply
5 to 6 apply
6 apply 8 analysis
6 apply 15 to
7 correlation 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 to
8 analysis 12 of
9 to 11 range
10 a 11 range
12 of 14 parameters
13 gait 14 parameters
15 to 16 identify
16 identify 18 factors
17 the 18 factors
18 factors 19 influencing
19 influencing 20 art

art for balance loss in the forward direction due to tripping was on average . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 art
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 art 2 for
1 art 9 due
1 art 12 was
2 for 4 loss
3 balance 4 loss
4 loss 5 in
5 in 8 direction
6 the 8 direction
7 forward 8 direction
9 due 10 to
10 to 11 tripping
12 was 14 average
13 on 14 average

correlation analysis revealed five factors at mfc that prolong art including : 1 [ )(greater fore - [aft] distance from com to stance toe , 2 ) greater sideway distance from com to swing toe , 3 ) longer [distance] from com to the frontal boundary of the supporting base , 4 ) slower com forward velocity and 5 [ )(slower horizontal toe velocity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 correlation 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 5 factors
3 revealed 6 at
4 five 5 factors
6 at 7 mfc
7 mfc 8 that
7 mfc 9 prolong
8 that 9 prolong
9 prolong 11 including
10 art 11 including
12 : 16 fore
12 : 17 -
13 1 16 fore
15 )(greater 16 fore
17 - 19 distance
19 distance 20 from
19 distance 22 to
19 distance 30 distance
19 distance 31 from
20 from 21 com
22 to 24 toe
23 stance 24 toe
24 toe 26 2
25 , 26 2
26 2 27 )
28 greater 30 distance
29 sideway 30 distance
31 from 32 com
32 com 33 to
32 com 39 longer
33 to 35 toe
34 swing 35 toe
35 toe 37 3
36 , 37 3
37 3 38 )
39 longer 41 from
41 from 42 com
42 com 43 to
42 com 47 of
43 to 46 boundary
44 the 46 boundary
45 frontal 46 boundary
47 of 58 and
48 the 57 velocity
49 supporting 57 velocity
50 base 52 4
50 base 57 velocity
51 , 52 4
52 4 53 )
54 slower 56 forward
55 com 56 forward
56 forward 57 velocity
57 velocity 58 and
58 and 64 velocity
58 and 65 .
59 5 64 velocity
61 )(slower 63 toe
62 horizontal 63 toe
63 toe 64 velocity

the established art computation method can be utilized to examine the effects of ageing and various gait tasks on the likelihood of tripping - induced anterior balance loss and associated falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 art
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 art
2 established 3 art
3 art 5 method
3 art 10 examine
3 art 31 falls
4 computation 5 method
5 method 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 utilized
8 utilized 9 to
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 15 and
10 examine 29 and
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
12 effects 15 and
13 of 14 ageing
15 and 17 gait
15 and 29 and
16 various 17 gait
18 tasks 19 on
18 tasks 21 likelihood
18 tasks 29 and
20 the 21 likelihood
21 likelihood 22 of
22 of 28 loss
23 tripping 24 -
23 tripping 27 balance
25 induced 27 balance
26 anterior 27 balance
27 balance 28 loss
29 and 30 associated

the increasing age of the world population is posing new challenges to our society [,] such as how to keep this aging population healthy and active despite [of] the age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 age
2 increasing 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 8 is
4 of 7 population
5 the 7 population
6 world 7 population
8 is 9 posing
9 posing 11 challenges
10 new 11 challenges
11 challenges 12 to
11 challenges 25 and
12 to 14 society
13 our 14 society
14 society 17 as
16 such 17 as
17 as 18 how
18 how 19 to
18 how 20 keep
19 to 20 keep
20 keep 23 population
21 this 22 aging
22 aging 23 population
24 healthy 25 and
25 and 26 active
26 active 27 despite
27 despite 30 age
29 the 30 age

in recent years , there has been a lot of interest for gait analysis for rehabilitation purposes as well as for performance assessment of this aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 years
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 there
2 recent 3 years
5 there 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 9 lot
7 been 18 as
7 been 20 as
8 a 9 lot
9 lot 10 of
10 of 11 interest
11 interest 12 for
11 interest 15 for
12 for 14 analysis
13 gait 14 analysis
15 for 17 purposes
16 rehabilitation 17 purposes
18 as 19 well
20 as 21 for
21 for 23 assessment
22 performance 23 assessment
23 assessment 24 of
24 of 27 population
25 this 27 population
26 aging 27 population

while current systems work well , they still have several limitations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 while 3 systems
1 while 4 work
1 while 6 ,
1 while 7 they
2 current 3 systems
3 systems 4 work
4 work 5 well
7 they 9 have
8 still 9 have
9 have 11 limitations
10 several 11 limitations

cost , need for [specialized] personnel , need to be used in a research center , and sporadic measurement prevent these systems from being widely used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 prevent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 cost 3 need
1 cost 17 and
2 , 3 need
3 need 4 for
3 need 16 ,
4 for 6 personnel
6 personnel 8 need
7 , 8 need
8 need 9 to
8 need 11 used
8 need 16 ,
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 used
11 used 12 in
12 in 15 center
13 a 14 research
13 a 15 center
14 research 15 center
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 measurement
17 and 20 prevent
18 sporadic 19 measurement
20 prevent 22 systems
21 these 22 systems
22 systems 23 from
23 from 24 being
24 being 26 used
25 widely 26 used

the authors propose the use [of] extremely miniaturized , portable measurement systems , which can be worn by the users during their everyday life , and can monitor their gait over a long timespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 26 and
3 propose 5 use
3 propose 26 and
4 the 5 use
5 use 8 miniaturized
5 use 12 systems
7 extremely 8 miniaturized
9 , 12 systems
10 portable 11 measurement
11 measurement 12 systems
12 systems 14 which
12 systems 25 ,
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 can
14 which 25 ,
15 can 16 be
16 be 17 worn
17 worn 18 by
17 worn 21 during
18 by 20 users
19 the 20 users
21 during 24 life
22 their 24 life
23 everyday 24 life
26 and 27 can
26 and 31 over
27 can 28 monitor
28 monitor 30 gait
29 their 30 gait
31 over 34 timespan
32 a 33 long
32 a 34 timespan
33 long 34 timespan

this paper presents the preliminary experiments with such a system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 presents
3 presents 6 experiments
3 presents 7 with
4 the 6 experiments
5 preliminary 6 experiments
7 with 10 system
8 such 9 a
9 a 10 system

physicians use ultrasound scans to obtain real - time images of internal organs , [because] [such] scans are safe and inexpensive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 physicians 3 ultrasound
1 physicians 4 scans
1 physicians 18 are
2 use 3 ultrasound
3 ultrasound 4 scans
4 scans 5 to
5 to 14 ,
6 obtain 10 images
6 obtain 14 ,
7 real 8 -
7 real 10 images
9 time 10 images
10 images 11 of
11 of 13 organs
12 internal 13 organs
14 , 17 scans
18 are 20 and
19 safe 20 and
20 and 21 inexpensive

however , people in remote areas face difficulties to be scanned due to aging society and physician ['s] shortage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 people
3 people 4 in
3 people 7 face
4 in 6 areas
5 remote 6 areas
7 face 8 difficulties
7 face 9 to
7 face 13 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 scanned
11 scanned 12 due
13 to 14 aging
14 aging 16 and
15 society 16 and
16 and 19 shortage
17 physician 19 shortage

hence , it is important to develop an autonomous robotic system to perform remote ultrasound [scans] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 to
5 important 13 perform
6 to 7 develop
7 develop 11 system
7 develop 12 to
8 an 9 autonomous
8 an 11 system
9 autonomous 11 system
10 robotic 11 system
12 to 13 perform
13 perform 15 ultrasound
14 remote 15 ultrasound

previously , we developed a robotic system for automatic ultrasound [scan] focusing on human ['s] liver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 previously 2 ,
1 previously 3 we
3 we 4 developed
4 developed 7 system
5 a 6 robotic
5 a 7 system
6 robotic 7 system
7 system 8 for
8 for 10 ultrasound
9 automatic 10 ultrasound
10 ultrasound 12 focusing
12 focusing 13 on
13 on 16 liver
14 human 16 liver

in order to make it a completely autonomous system , we present in this paper a way to autonomously localize the epigastric region as the starting position for the automatic ultrasound scan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 scan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 32 scan
2 order 3 to
2 order 10 ,
3 to 10 ,
4 make 5 it
4 make 9 system
4 make 10 ,
6 a 7 completely
6 a 9 system
7 completely 8 autonomous
8 autonomous 9 system
10 , 20 localize
11 we 12 present
12 present 13 in
12 present 17 way
12 present 18 to
13 in 15 paper
14 this 15 paper
16 a 17 way
18 to 20 localize
19 autonomously 20 localize
20 localize 23 region
20 localize 24 as
20 localize 28 for
21 the 23 region
22 epigastric 23 region
24 as 27 position
25 the 27 position
26 starting 27 position
28 for 31 ultrasound
29 the 31 ultrasound
30 automatic 31 ultrasound

an image processing algorithm marks the umbilicus and mammary papillae on a digital photograph of the patient 's abdomen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 marks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 an 4 algorithm
2 image 4 algorithm
3 processing 4 algorithm
4 algorithm 5 marks
5 marks 8 and
5 marks 11 on
6 the 7 umbilicus
7 umbilicus 8 and
8 and 10 papillae
9 mammary 10 papillae
11 on 14 photograph
12 a 13 digital
12 a 14 photograph
13 digital 14 photograph
14 photograph 15 of
15 of 19 abdomen
16 the 17 patient
17 patient 18 's
18 's 19 abdomen

then , we made estimation for the location of the epigastric region using the distances between these landmarks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 then 2 ,
1 then 3 we
3 we 4 made
4 made 5 estimation
5 estimation 6 for
6 for 8 location
7 the 8 location
8 location 9 of
9 of 12 region
10 the 12 region
11 epigastric 12 region
12 region 13 using
13 using 15 distances
13 using 16 between
14 the 15 distances
16 between 18 landmarks
17 these 18 landmarks

a supporting algorithm distinguishes rib position from epigastrium using the relationship between force and displacement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 distinguishes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 3 algorithm
2 supporting 3 algorithm
3 algorithm 4 distinguishes
4 distinguishes 14 and
5 rib 6 position
6 position 7 from
6 position 14 and
7 from 8 epigastrium
8 epigastrium 9 using
9 using 11 relationship
9 using 12 between
10 the 11 relationship
12 between 13 force
14 and 15 displacement

we implemented these algorithms with the automatic scanning system into an apparatus : a mitsubishi electric 's melfa rv - 1 six axis manipulator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
1 we 2 implemented
2 implemented 4 algorithms
2 implemented 10 into
3 these 4 algorithms
4 algorithms 5 with
5 with 9 system
6 the 9 system
7 automatic 8 scanning
8 scanning 9 system
10 into 12 apparatus
11 an 12 apparatus
13 : 19 rv
13 : 20 -
13 : 25 .
14 a 16 electric
15 mitsubishi 16 electric
16 electric 17 's
17 's 19 rv
18 melfa 19 rv
20 - 24 manipulator
21 1 24 manipulator
22 six 23 axis
23 axis 24 manipulator

tests on 14 healthy male subjects showed the apparatus located the epigastric region with a success rate of 94 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 tests 2 on
1 tests 7 showed
2 on 6 subjects
3 14 6 subjects
4 healthy 6 subjects
5 male 6 subjects
7 showed 9 apparatus
7 showed 10 located
8 the 9 apparatus
9 apparatus 10 located
10 located 13 region
10 located 14 with
11 the 13 region
12 epigastric 13 region
14 with 17 rate
15 a 16 success
15 a 17 rate
16 success 17 rate
17 rate 18 of
18 of 20 %
19 94 20 %

the results suggest that image recognition was effective in localizing a human body part . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 recognition
4 that 7 was
5 image 6 recognition
6 recognition 7 was
7 was 8 effective
8 effective 9 in
9 in 10 localizing
10 localizing 14 part
11 a 12 human
11 a 14 part
12 human 13 body
13 body 14 part

recent studies have investigated changes in the human brain network organization during the normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 changes
4 investigated 6 in
4 investigated 12 during
6 in 11 organization
7 the 11 organization
8 human 11 organization
9 brain 11 organization
10 network 11 organization
12 during 15 aging
13 the 15 aging
14 normal 15 aging

a reduction of the connectivity between brain areas was demonstrated by combining neuroimaging technologies and graph theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 of
2 reduction 9 was
3 of 5 connectivity
4 the 5 connectivity
5 connectivity 6 between
6 between 8 areas
7 brain 8 areas
9 was 10 demonstrated
10 demonstrated 11 by
11 by 12 combining
12 combining 15 and
13 neuroimaging 14 technologies
14 technologies 15 and
15 and 17 theory
16 graph 17 theory

clustering , characteristic path length and small - worldness are key topological measures and they are widely used in literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 key
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 clustering 2 ,
1 clustering 6 and
3 characteristic 4 path
4 path 5 length
5 length 6 and
6 and 9 worldness
6 and 10 are
7 small 8 -
7 small 9 worldness
10 are 11 key
11 key 13 measures
12 topological 13 measures
14 and 15 they
14 and 18 used
15 they 16 are
16 are 18 used
17 widely 18 used
18 used 19 in
19 in 20 literature

in this paper we propose a new methodology that combine advanced techniques of effective connectivity estimation , graph theoretical approach and classification by svm method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 combine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 advanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 10 combine
2 this 3 paper
3 paper 4 we
3 paper 5 propose
4 we 5 propose
5 propose 8 methodology
6 a 7 new
6 a 8 methodology
7 new 8 methodology
9 that 10 combine
10 combine 11 advanced
11 advanced 12 techniques
11 advanced 23 by
12 techniques 13 of
13 of 21 and
14 effective 15 connectivity
15 connectivity 16 estimation
16 estimation 17 ,
17 , 20 approach
17 , 21 and
18 graph 20 approach
19 theoretical 20 approach
21 and 22 classification
23 by 25 method
24 svm 25 method

eeg signals recording during rest condition from 20 young subjects and 20 mid - aged adults were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 eeg 2 signals
2 signals 3 recording
2 signals 11 and
3 recording 4 during
3 recording 6 condition
3 recording 7 from
4 during 5 rest
7 from 10 subjects
8 20 10 subjects
9 young 10 subjects
11 and 16 adults
11 and 17 were
12 20 16 adults
13 mid 14 -
13 mid 16 adults
15 aged 16 adults
17 were 18 studied

partial directed coherence was computed by means of general linear kalman filter and graph indexes were extracted from estimated patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coherence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 partial 2 directed
2 directed 3 coherence
3 coherence 4 was
4 was 5 computed
5 computed 6 by
6 by 7 means
7 means 8 of
8 of 12 filter
9 general 12 filter
10 linear 11 kalman
11 kalman 12 filter
13 and 15 indexes
13 and 17 extracted
14 graph 15 indexes
15 indexes 16 were
16 were 17 extracted
17 extracted 18 from
18 from 20 patterns
19 estimated 20 patterns

at last small - worldness was used as [feature] for the svm classifier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 worldness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 at 2 last
1 at 5 worldness
3 small 4 -
3 small 5 worldness
5 worldness 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 as
8 as 10 for
10 for 13 classifier
11 the 13 classifier
12 svm 13 classifier

results show that topological differences of brain networks exist between young and mid - aged adults : small - worldness is significantly different between the two populations and it can be used to classify the subjects with respect to age with an accuracy of 69 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 results 2 show
2 show 5 differences
2 show 8 networks
2 show 9 exist
3 that 4 topological
4 topological 5 differences
5 differences 6 of
6 of 7 brain
8 networks 9 exist
9 exist 10 between
10 between 12 and
11 young 12 and
12 and 13 mid
14 - 16 adults
14 - 17 :
14 - 47 .
15 aged 16 adults
17 : 20 worldness
17 : 21 is
17 : 28 and
18 small 19 -
18 small 20 worldness
20 worldness 21 is
21 is 23 different
22 significantly 23 different
23 different 24 between
24 between 27 populations
25 the 26 two
26 two 27 populations
28 and 29 it
28 and 32 used
29 it 30 can
30 can 31 be
31 be 32 used
32 used 33 to
32 used 40 age
33 to 34 classify
34 classify 36 subjects
34 classify 37 with
34 classify 39 to
35 the 36 subjects
37 with 38 respect
39 to 40 age
40 age 41 with
41 with 43 accuracy
42 an 43 accuracy
43 accuracy 44 of
44 of 46 %
45 69 46 %

blood pressure ( bp ) [variability] is generally considered to be due to neurogenic influences on arterioles modulating peripheral resistance , as well as variations in stroke volume ( sv ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 blood 2 pressure
2 pressure 4 bp
2 pressure 7 is
3 ( 4 bp
4 bp 5 )
7 is 8 generally
7 is 9 considered
9 considered 10 to
9 considered 11 be
10 to 11 be
11 be 13 to
12 due 13 to
13 to 15 influences
14 neurogenic 15 influences
15 influences 16 on
16 on 20 resistance
17 arterioles 20 resistance
18 modulating 20 resistance
19 peripheral 20 resistance
20 resistance 24 as
21 , 24 as
22 as 23 well
23 well 24 as
24 as 25 variations
24 as 31 )
25 variations 26 in
26 in 28 volume
27 stroke 28 volume
28 volume 30 sv
29 ( 30 sv
30 sv 31 )

however , for a given change in peripheral resistance or sv , the degree of bp variability is modulated by the stiffness of large conduit arteries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 17 variability
2 , 3 for
3 for 6 change
3 for 12 ,
3 for 17 variability
4 a 6 change
5 given 6 change
6 change 7 in
7 in 10 or
8 peripheral 9 resistance
9 resistance 10 or
10 or 11 sv
13 the 14 degree
14 degree 15 of
14 degree 17 variability
15 of 17 variability
16 bp 17 variability
17 variability 18 is
18 is 19 modulated
19 modulated 20 by
20 by 22 stiffness
21 the 22 stiffness
22 stiffness 23 of
23 of 26 arteries
24 large 25 conduit
25 conduit 26 arteries

recent epidemiological evidence shows that cardiovascular risk is not only related to the average arterial pressure , but also to the degree of diurnal variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 3 evidence
2 epidemiological 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 shows
4 shows 5 that
5 that 7 risk
5 that 11 related
6 cardiovascular 7 risk
7 risk 8 is
8 is 9 not
8 is 11 related
10 only 11 related
11 related 18 but
12 to 16 pressure
12 to 18 but
13 the 16 pressure
14 average 16 pressure
15 arterial 16 pressure
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 also
18 but 20 to
20 to 25 variability
21 the 22 degree
22 degree 23 of
22 degree 25 variability
23 of 25 variability
24 diurnal 25 variability

in addition , short - term variability has been shown to be related to aortic stiffness measured as pulse wave velocity , a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 shown
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 variability
4 short 5 -
4 short 7 variability
6 term 7 variability
7 variability 8 has
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 shown
10 shown 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 related
13 related 14 to
13 related 17 measured
14 to 16 stiffness
15 aortic 16 stiffness
17 measured 18 as
18 as 21 velocity
19 pulse 21 velocity
20 wave 21 velocity
21 velocity 26 predictor
22 , 26 predictor
23 a 24 strong
23 a 26 predictor
24 strong 26 predictor
25 independent 26 predictor
26 predictor 27 of
26 predictor 30 .
27 of 29 risk
28 cardiovascular 29 risk

this study addresses the relation between large artery stiffness and bp variability using a lumped parameter model of the systemic circulation described by total arterial compliance , total peripheral resistance ( tpr ) and aortic characteristic impedance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 addresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 addresses
3 addresses 5 relation
3 addresses 6 between
3 addresses 13 using
4 the 5 relation
6 between 12 variability
7 large 8 artery
8 artery 12 variability
9 stiffness 10 and
10 and 11 bp
10 and 12 variability
13 using 17 model
14 a 17 model
15 lumped 16 parameter
16 parameter 17 model
17 model 18 of
18 of 34 and
19 the 21 circulation
20 systemic 21 circulation
21 circulation 22 described
21 circulation 34 and
22 described 23 by
23 by 26 compliance
24 total 26 compliance
25 arterial 26 compliance
26 compliance 30 resistance
27 , 30 resistance
28 total 30 resistance
29 peripheral 30 resistance
30 resistance 32 tpr
30 resistance 33 )
31 ( 32 tpr
32 tpr 33 )
34 and 37 impedance
35 aortic 36 characteristic
36 characteristic 37 impedance

the variability in tpr is simulated using a random function with a gaussian distribution and changes in arterial stiffness are simulated by variation in compliance , where compliance is either linear [(] pressure independent ) or nonlinear [(] pressure dependent ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 variability
2 variability 3 in
2 variability 5 is
3 in 4 tpr
5 is 7 using
6 simulated 7 using
7 using 15 and
7 using 20 are
7 using 21 simulated
7 using 22 by
8 a 9 random
8 a 10 function
9 random 10 function
10 function 11 with
10 function 15 and
11 with 14 distribution
12 a 14 distribution
13 gaussian 14 distribution
15 and 16 changes
15 and 17 in
15 and 20 are
17 in 19 stiffness
18 arterial 19 stiffness
22 by 36 or
23 variation 24 in
23 variation 36 or
24 in 25 compliance
25 compliance 27 where
26 , 27 where
27 where 28 compliance
27 where 29 is
27 where 35 )
28 compliance 29 is
29 is 34 independent
30 either 34 independent
31 linear 33 pressure
33 pressure 34 independent
36 or 40 dependent
36 or 41 )
37 nonlinear 40 dependent
39 pressure 40 dependent

these findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing bp variability will need to consider large artery stiffness for optimal efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 interventions
4 that 12 need
5 interventions 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 at
7 at 8 reducing
8 reducing 11 will
9 bp 10 variability
10 variability 11 will
12 need 13 to
12 need 14 consider
13 to 14 consider
14 consider 17 stiffness
15 large 16 artery
16 artery 17 stiffness
17 stiffness 18 for
18 for 20 efficacy
19 optimal 20 efficacy

evaluation of arterial compliance is significant in cardiovascular diagnosis for early detection of coronary heart disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 evaluation 2 of
1 evaluation 5 is
2 of 4 compliance
3 arterial 4 compliance
5 is 6 significant
6 significant 7 in
7 in 9 diagnosis
8 cardiovascular 9 diagnosis
9 diagnosis 10 for
10 for 12 detection
11 early 12 detection
12 detection 13 of
13 of 16 disease
14 coronary 15 heart
15 heart 16 disease

we present artsens , an image - free [system] for [non] [-] invasive evaluation [of] arterial compliance in [-] vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 3 artsens
2 present 8 free
2 present 10 for
2 present 20 vivo
3 artsens 6 image
4 , 6 image
5 an 6 image
6 image 7 -
10 for 17 compliance
13 invasive 14 evaluation
14 evaluation 17 compliance
16 arterial 17 compliance
18 in 20 vivo

the system utilizes a single element ultrasound probe with intelligent measurement algorithms to ensure accurate evaluation [of] local arterial compliance without an image . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 utilizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 system
2 system 3 utilizes
3 utilizes 8 probe
3 utilizes 13 to
4 a 5 single
4 a 8 probe
5 single 6 element
6 element 8 probe
7 ultrasound 8 probe
8 probe 9 with
9 with 12 algorithms
10 intelligent 11 measurement
11 measurement 12 algorithms
13 to 14 ensure
14 ensure 20 compliance
15 accurate 16 evaluation
16 evaluation 20 compliance
18 local 20 compliance
19 arterial 20 compliance
20 compliance 21 without
21 without 23 image
22 an 23 image

the ability of the system to detect artery anatomy and measure compliance was verified [by] in [-] vivo measurements conducted on 106 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 ability
2 ability 3 of
2 ability 6 to
2 ability 7 detect
2 ability 14 verified
3 of 5 system
4 the 5 system
6 to 7 detect
7 detect 10 and
8 artery 9 anatomy
9 anatomy 10 and
10 and 11 measure
10 and 12 compliance
10 and 13 was
12 compliance 13 was
14 verified 18 vivo
14 verified 19 measurements
14 verified 20 conducted
16 in 18 vivo
19 measurements 20 conducted
20 conducted 21 on
21 on 23 subjects
22 106 23 subjects

the accuracy of compliance estimates were evaluated by comparison with a state [of] art imaging system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 accuracy
2 accuracy 3 of
2 accuracy 6 were
3 of 5 estimates
4 compliance 5 estimates
6 were 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 by
7 evaluated 10 with
8 by 9 comparison
10 with 16 system
11 a 16 system
12 state 16 system
14 art 16 system
15 imaging 16 system

the measurements made using artsens showed strong [correlation] with those made using the imaging system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 made
2 measurements 6 showed
3 made 4 using
4 using 5 artsens
6 showed 7 strong
6 showed 9 with
9 with 10 those
10 those 11 made
11 made 12 using
12 using 15 system
13 the 15 system
14 imaging 15 system

the ability of artsens to detect age - related trends in arterial compliance was also investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 ability
2 ability 3 of
2 ability 5 to
2 ability 6 detect
2 ability 14 was
3 of 4 artsens
5 to 6 detect
6 detect 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 trends
9 related 11 in
9 related 14 was
11 in 13 compliance
12 arterial 13 compliance
14 was 15 also
14 was 16 investigated

our purpose in this study is to achieve an independent life and a social involvement for the elderly using keiroka technology ( fatigue - reduction ) which makes it possible to improve the quality of chores and occupations by removing excessive strain and tiredness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 our 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 in
2 purpose 6 is
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 achieve
7 to 8 achieve
8 achieve 37 and
8 achieve 39 by
9 an 11 life
10 independent 11 life
11 life 12 and
12 and 15 involvement
12 and 16 for
12 and 19 using
12 and 27 which
12 and 28 makes
12 and 37 and
13 a 14 social
13 a 15 involvement
14 social 15 involvement
16 for 18 elderly
17 the 18 elderly
19 using 21 technology
20 keiroka 21 technology
21 technology 23 fatigue
21 technology 25 reduction
22 ( 23 fatigue
23 fatigue 24 -
24 - 25 reduction
25 reduction 26 )
27 which 28 makes
28 makes 29 it
28 makes 30 possible
30 possible 31 to
30 possible 32 improve
31 to 32 improve
32 improve 34 quality
33 the 34 quality
34 quality 35 of
35 of 36 chores
37 and 38 occupations
39 by 40 removing
40 removing 43 and
41 excessive 42 strain
42 strain 43 and
43 and 44 tiredness

the authors have developed power [assist] suits named " [smart] suit " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 have
3 have 4 developed
4 developed 5 power
5 power 7 suits
5 power 11 suit
7 suits 8 named
7 suits 11 suit
8 named 9 "
11 suit 12 "

the authors have evaluated the effect that the purpose of dairy work assistance , to measure emg of the worker , compared to the potential of the surface of the [non] [-] wearing and wearing " smart suit " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 have
3 have 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 6 effect
4 evaluated 23 to
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 that
6 effect 22 compared
7 that 9 purpose
7 that 22 compared
8 the 9 purpose
9 purpose 10 of
9 purpose 15 to
9 purpose 22 compared
10 of 13 assistance
11 dairy 13 assistance
12 work 13 assistance
14 , 15 to
15 to 16 measure
15 to 21 ,
16 measure 17 emg
17 emg 18 of
18 of 20 worker
19 the 20 worker
23 to 25 potential
24 the 25 potential
25 potential 26 of
26 of 28 surface
27 the 28 surface
28 surface 29 of
29 of 38 suit
30 the 38 suit
33 wearing 34 and
34 and 35 wearing
34 and 38 suit
35 wearing 36 "
37 smart 38 suit
38 suit 39 "

this study investigated bone marrow perfusion at proximal femur varying with bone mineral density ( bmd ) and aging over 4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 6 perfusion
3 investigated 7 at
3 investigated 20 over
4 bone 6 perfusion
5 marrow 6 perfusion
7 at 18 and
8 proximal 9 femur
9 femur 10 varying
10 varying 11 with
10 varying 18 and
11 with 14 density
12 bone 14 density
13 mineral 14 density
14 density 16 bmd
15 ( 16 bmd
16 bmd 17 )
18 and 19 aging
20 over 22 years
21 4 22 years

dynamic contrast enhanced mri data was extracted [pixel] [-] by - [pixel] and classified into 3 patterns to indicate the perfusion function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 dynamic 2 contrast
2 contrast 13 and
3 enhanced 4 mri
3 enhanced 13 and
4 mri 5 data
4 mri 10 by
5 data 6 was
6 was 7 extracted
7 extracted 10 by
11 - 13 and
13 and 14 classified
13 and 15 into
13 and 18 to
15 into 17 patterns
16 3 17 patterns
18 to 19 indicate
19 indicate 22 function
20 the 22 function
21 perfusion 22 function

eighty - seven elderly females were involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 females
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 eighty 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 5 females
4 elderly 5 females
5 females 6 were
6 were 7 involved

a notable reduced perfusion as a whole was observed in osteoporotic subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 notable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 notable
2 notable 3 reduced
3 reduced 4 perfusion
3 reduced 10 in
4 perfusion 9 observed
5 as 7 whole
5 as 9 observed
6 a 7 whole
7 whole 8 was
8 was 9 observed
10 in 12 subjects
11 osteoporotic 12 subjects

moreover , perfusion distribution varies as bmd decreases , especially at the area crossing the femoral neck to the shaft . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 varies
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 distribution
3 perfusion 4 distribution
4 distribution 5 varies
5 varies 6 as
6 as 8 decreases
7 bmd 8 decreases
8 decreases 11 at
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 at
11 at 13 area
11 at 21 .
12 the 13 area
13 area 14 crossing
14 crossing 17 neck
14 crossing 18 to
15 the 17 neck
16 femoral 17 neck
18 to 20 shaft
19 the 20 shaft

consistent for all subjects , the perfusion decreases significantly from the lesser trochanter to the greater trochanter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 perfusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 consistent 2 for
1 consistent 5 ,
1 consistent 7 perfusion
2 for 4 subjects
3 all 4 subjects
6 the 7 perfusion
7 perfusion 8 decreases
8 decreases 9 significantly
8 decreases 10 from
8 decreases 14 to
10 from 13 trochanter
11 the 13 trochanter
12 lesser 13 trochanter
14 to 17 trochanter
15 the 17 trochanter
16 greater 17 trochanter

further , the subjects with good bone marrow perfusion would keep stable bmd after 4 years , while for those with bad perfusion , their bmd consistently decreased over 4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 keep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 subjects
3 the 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
4 subjects 10 would
5 with 9 perfusion
6 good 7 bone
7 bone 8 marrow
8 marrow 9 perfusion
10 would 11 keep
11 keep 13 bmd
11 keep 14 after
11 keep 29 over
12 stable 13 bmd
14 after 16 years
15 4 16 years
16 years 26 bmd
16 years 28 decreased
17 , 18 while
18 while 19 for
18 while 24 ,
18 while 26 bmd
19 for 20 those
20 those 21 with
21 with 23 perfusion
22 bad 23 perfusion
25 their 26 bmd
26 bmd 28 decreased
27 consistently 28 decreased
29 over 31 years
30 4 31 years

the results indicated that the bone marrow perfusion function interacts with bone modeling and could have a long term effect on bmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 14 and
3 indicated 4 that
3 indicated 14 and
4 that 9 function
4 that 10 interacts
5 the 9 function
6 bone 8 perfusion
7 marrow 8 perfusion
8 perfusion 9 function
9 function 10 interacts
10 interacts 11 with
11 with 13 modeling
12 bone 13 modeling
14 and 15 could
14 and 21 on
15 could 16 have
16 have 20 effect
17 a 18 long
17 a 20 effect
18 long 19 term
19 term 20 effect
21 on 22 bmd

a good perfusion function would help to keep the bone health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 a 2 good
1 a 4 function
2 good 3 perfusion
3 perfusion 4 function
4 function 5 would
5 would 6 help
6 help 7 to
6 help 8 keep
7 to 8 keep
8 keep 11 health
9 the 11 health
10 bone 11 health

in modern society , aging and chronic disease is becoming common [phenomenon] due to the increasing numbers of elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 society
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 disease
2 modern 3 society
5 aging 6 and
6 and 7 chronic
6 and 8 disease
8 disease 9 is
9 is 10 becoming
10 becoming 11 common
11 common 14 to
13 due 14 to
14 to 20 patients
15 the 17 numbers
16 increasing 17 numbers
17 numbers 18 of
17 numbers 20 patients
18 of 20 patients
19 elderly 20 patients

to best treat this growing segment of the population , medical care should be based on constant vital sign monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 to 3 treat
2 best 3 treat
3 treat 6 segment
4 this 6 segment
5 growing 6 segment
6 segment 7 of
7 of 9 population
8 the 9 population
10 , 12 care
10 , 15 based
11 medical 12 care
12 care 13 should
13 should 14 be
14 be 15 based
15 based 16 on
16 on 20 monitoring
17 constant 19 sign
18 vital 19 sign
19 sign 20 monitoring

in this study , we propose a mobile vital sign measurement and data collection system for chronic disease management [.] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 propose
6 propose 12 and
6 propose 16 for
7 a 8 mobile
7 a 11 measurement
8 mobile 10 sign
9 vital 10 sign
10 sign 11 measurement
11 measurement 12 and
12 and 15 system
13 data 14 collection
14 collection 15 system
16 for 19 management
17 chronic 18 disease
18 disease 19 management

and we implemented a middle ware using multi - agent [platform] in sos ( self - organizing system ) platform that transmits patient clinical data for services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 transmits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 and 2 we
1 and 3 implemented
2 we 3 implemented
3 implemented 20 platform
4 a 20 platform
5 middle 20 platform
6 ware 20 platform
7 using 20 platform
8 multi 10 agent
8 multi 17 organizing
8 multi 20 platform
9 - 10 agent
10 agent 12 in
10 agent 16 -
12 in 13 sos
13 sos 15 self
14 ( 15 self
15 self 16 -
16 - 17 organizing
17 organizing 18 system
17 organizing 19 )
20 platform 21 that
20 platform 22 transmits
21 that 22 transmits
22 transmits 25 data
23 patient 25 data
24 clinical 25 data
25 data 26 for
26 for 27 services

we also implemented a hl7 messaging interface for interoperability of clinical data exchange . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 3 implemented
2 also 3 implemented
3 implemented 7 interface
4 a 7 interface
5 hl7 7 interface
6 messaging 7 interface
7 interface 8 for
8 for 9 interoperability
9 interoperability 10 of
10 of 13 exchange
11 clinical 12 data
12 data 13 exchange

we propose health services on a self - organized software platform . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 4 services
2 propose 5 on
3 health 4 services
5 on 7 self
6 a 7 self
8 - 11 platform
8 - 12 .
9 organized 10 software
10 software 11 platform

cardiac autonomic dysfunction is a serious condition in the elder subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 cardiac 3 dysfunction
2 autonomic 3 dysfunction
3 dysfunction 4 is
4 is 7 condition
5 a 6 serious
5 a 7 condition
6 serious 7 condition
7 condition 8 in
8 in 11 subjects
9 the 11 subjects
10 elder 11 subjects

baroreflex [sensitivity] ( brs ) by measuring pulse intervals and blood pressure has been proven as an effective indicator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 baroreflex 4 brs
3 ( 4 brs
4 brs 5 )
4 brs 6 by
4 brs 10 and
6 by 7 measuring
7 measuring 9 intervals
8 pulse 9 intervals
10 and 11 blood
10 and 12 pressure
12 pressure 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 proven
15 proven 16 as
16 as 19 indicator
17 an 18 effective
17 an 19 indicator
18 effective 19 indicator

this paper proposes a novel index by substitution blood pressure with amplitudes of pressure pulse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 proposes
3 proposes 6 index
3 proposes 15 pulse
4 a 5 novel
4 a 6 index
5 novel 6 index
6 index 7 by
7 by 10 pressure
8 substitution 10 pressure
9 blood 10 pressure
10 pressure 11 with
11 with 12 amplitudes
12 amplitudes 13 of
13 of 14 pressure

we recruited 61 subjects divided into two groups : healthy young subjects ( group1 , n=33 ) , healthy elders ( group2 , n=28 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 recruited
2 recruited 4 subjects
2 recruited 6 into
3 61 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 divided
6 into 8 groups
7 two 8 groups
9 : 12 subjects
10 healthy 12 subjects
11 young 12 subjects
12 subjects 14 group1
13 ( 14 group1
14 group1 16 n=33
14 group1 20 elders
14 group1 24 n=28
14 group1 25 )
15 , 16 n=33
16 n=33 17 )
18 , 20 elders
19 healthy 20 elders
20 elders 22 group2
20 elders 23 ,
21 ( 22 group2
22 group2 23 ,
23 , 24 n=28
24 n=28 25 )

the wrist pulse pressures of each subject were measured for 5 minutes to obtain pulse - pulse intervals and amplitudes then applied within the spontaneous sequence technique to calculate the pulse [-] pulse interval and amplitude ratio ( par ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pressures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 pulse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 the 4 pressures
2 wrist 4 pressures
3 pulse 4 pressures
4 pressures 5 of
4 pressures 8 were
5 of 7 subject
6 each 7 subject
8 were 9 measured
9 measured 10 for
10 for 12 minutes
11 5 12 minutes
12 minutes 13 to
12 minutes 14 obtain
12 minutes 15 pulse
13 to 14 obtain
16 - 19 and
16 - 22 applied
16 - 41 .
17 pulse 18 intervals
18 intervals 19 and
19 and 20 amplitudes
19 and 22 applied
21 then 22 applied
22 applied 23 within
22 applied 27 technique
22 applied 28 to
23 within 25 spontaneous
24 the 25 spontaneous
26 sequence 27 technique
28 to 29 calculate
29 calculate 35 and
30 the 34 interval
31 pulse 33 pulse
33 pulse 34 interval
34 interval 35 and
35 and 37 ratio
35 and 39 par
36 amplitude 37 ratio
38 ( 39 par
39 par 40 )

we verified the reproducibility of par and agreement with spectral analysis of heart rate variability in group1 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 verified
2 verified 7 and
2 verified 14 rate
3 the 4 reproducibility
4 reproducibility 5 of
4 reproducibility 7 and
5 of 6 par
7 and 8 agreement
7 and 9 with
7 and 12 of
7 and 14 rate
9 with 11 analysis
10 spectral 11 analysis
12 of 13 heart
14 rate 15 variability
14 rate 16 in
16 in 18 participants
17 group1 18 participants

we discovered significant differences between different groups in par ( group1 vs [.] group2 : 0.90 ± 0.42 [vs] . 0.62 ± 0.27 , p=0.010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 we 2 discovered
2 discovered 4 differences
2 discovered 5 between
2 discovered 8 in
3 significant 4 differences
5 between 7 groups
6 different 7 groups
8 in 9 par
9 par 11 group1
10 ( 11 group1
11 group1 12 vs
11 group1 15 :
12 vs 14 group2
15 : 16 0.90
15 : 17 ±
15 : 20 .
16 0.90 17 ±
17 ± 18 0.42
20 . 21 0.62
20 . 22 ±
20 . 27 .
21 0.62 22 ±
22 ± 23 0.27
23 0.27 25 p=0.010
24 , 25 p=0.010
25 p=0.010 26 )

in contrast with measurements of brs , this study proposes a simple approach without the necessity of blood pressure calibration or professional expertise to conduct measurements , thereby providing a convenient method for assessing autonomic function [at] home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 pressure
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 study
2 contrast 3 with
2 contrast 5 of
3 with 4 measurements
5 of 6 brs
8 this 9 study
9 study 10 proposes
10 proposes 13 approach
10 proposes 19 pressure
11 a 13 approach
12 simple 13 approach
13 approach 14 without
14 without 16 necessity
15 the 16 necessity
16 necessity 17 of
17 of 18 blood
19 pressure 21 or
20 calibration 21 or
21 or 23 expertise
21 or 24 to
22 professional 23 expertise
24 to 26 measurements
25 conduct 26 measurements
26 measurements 29 providing
27 , 29 providing
28 thereby 29 providing
29 providing 32 method
29 providing 33 for
29 providing 39 .
30 a 31 convenient
30 a 32 method
31 convenient 32 method
33 for 34 assessing
34 assessing 38 home
35 autonomic 36 function
36 function 38 home

in 2002 , federal communications commission ( fcc ) was the first in defining regulations for ultra wideband ( uwb ) communications followed by europe and japan some years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 2002
1 in 10 was
2 2002 6 commission
3 , 6 commission
4 federal 5 communications
5 communications 6 commission
6 commission 8 fcc
6 commission 9 )
7 ( 8 fcc
8 fcc 9 )
10 was 12 first
11 the 12 first
12 first 13 in
13 in 14 defining
14 defining 26 and
15 regulations 16 for
15 regulations 26 and
16 for 22 communications
17 ultra 22 communications
18 wideband 20 uwb
18 wideband 21 )
18 wideband 22 communications
19 ( 20 uwb
20 uwb 21 )
22 communications 23 followed
22 communications 24 by
24 by 25 europe
26 and 27 japan
27 japan 30 later
28 some 29 years
29 years 30 later

focusing on impulse radio ( ir ) uwb [,] in 2007 was the time for the first published standard targeting in personal area networks , released by the ieee . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 uwb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
1 focusing 2 on
1 focusing 7 )
1 focusing 8 uwb
2 on 4 radio
3 impulse 4 radio
4 radio 6 ir
5 ( 6 ir
6 ir 7 )
8 uwb 10 in
8 uwb 12 was
10 in 11 2007
12 was 14 time
12 was 21 in
13 the 14 time
14 time 15 for
15 for 20 targeting
16 the 17 first
16 the 20 targeting
18 published 20 targeting
19 standard 20 targeting
21 in 24 networks
22 personal 24 networks
23 area 24 networks
24 networks 26 released
25 , 26 released
26 released 27 by
26 released 30 .
27 by 29 ieee
28 the 29 ieee

the second ieee released standard including uwb definitions is targeted for wireless body area networks ( wban ) and was published in 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 standard
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 5 standard
2 second 4 released
3 ieee 4 released
4 released 5 standard
5 standard 6 including
5 standard 19 and
6 including 8 definitions
7 uwb 8 definitions
9 is 10 targeted
9 is 19 and
10 targeted 11 for
11 for 15 networks
12 wireless 13 body
13 body 15 networks
14 area 15 networks
15 networks 17 wban
16 ( 17 wban
17 wban 18 )
19 and 20 was
19 and 22 in
20 was 21 published
22 in 23 2012

as the wireless communications has been and will be passing through almost any levels in society , the natural step with wban is using it in different medical , healthcare and wellbeing applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 as 4 communications
1 as 7 and
2 the 4 communications
3 wireless 4 communications
5 has 6 been
5 has 7 and
7 and 8 will
8 will 9 be
9 be 10 passing
10 passing 11 through
11 through 14 levels
12 almost 13 any
13 any 14 levels
14 levels 15 in
15 in 16 society
17 , 20 step
17 , 23 is
18 the 20 step
19 natural 20 step
20 step 21 with
20 step 23 is
21 with 22 wban
23 is 24 using
24 using 25 it
24 using 26 in
26 in 33 applications
27 different 33 applications
28 medical 29 ,
28 medical 33 applications
30 healthcare 31 and
31 and 32 wellbeing
31 and 33 applications

the arguments for these are related to the modern lifestyle , in which people have increasingly more free time and [are] more interested in taking care of their health and wellbeing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 arguments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
1 the 2 arguments
2 arguments 3 for
2 arguments 5 are
3 for 4 these
5 are 6 related
6 related 7 to
7 to 10 lifestyle
8 the 10 lifestyle
9 modern 10 lifestyle
10 lifestyle 12 in
11 , 12 in
12 in 13 which
12 in 14 people
12 in 15 have
12 in 32 .
14 people 15 have
15 have 20 and
15 have 24 in
16 increasingly 18 free
17 more 18 free
18 free 19 time
19 time 20 and
20 and 22 more
20 and 23 interested
24 in 25 taking
25 taking 27 of
26 care 27 of
27 of 30 and
28 their 29 health
29 health 30 and
30 and 31 wellbeing

another challenge is the population composition , i.e [.] , aging in developed countries which call for new solutions and procedures , particularly from cost [wise] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 another 2 challenge
2 challenge 3 is
3 is 6 composition
4 the 6 composition
5 population 6 composition
7 , 8 i.e
8 i.e 11 aging
8 i.e 23 particularly
10 , 11 aging
11 aging 12 in
11 aging 17 for
11 aging 22 ,
12 in 14 countries
13 developed 14 countries
14 countries 15 which
14 countries 16 call
15 which 16 call
17 for 20 and
18 new 19 solutions
19 solutions 20 and
20 and 21 procedures
23 particularly 24 from
24 from 25 cost

in this paper , we are evaluating uwb receivers based on the ieee 802.15.6 physical layer definitions and capable of detecting differentially encoded modulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 are
6 are 7 evaluating
7 evaluating 8 uwb
7 evaluating 23 encoded
8 uwb 9 receivers
8 uwb 21 detecting
8 uwb 23 encoded
9 receivers 10 based
10 based 11 on
10 based 18 and
11 on 13 ieee
12 the 13 ieee
14 802.15.6 18 and
15 physical 17 definitions
16 layer 17 definitions
17 definitions 18 and
18 and 19 capable
18 and 20 of
20 of 21 detecting
21 detecting 22 differentially
23 encoded 24 modulation

the evaluation is performed using two different wban channel models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 evaluation
2 evaluation 3 is
3 is 4 performed
4 performed 5 using
5 using 10 models
6 two 10 models
7 different 10 models
8 wban 10 models
9 channel 10 models

this study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a smartphone - based [audio] - biofeedback ( abf ) system for improving balance in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 designed
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 6 assess
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 8 effectiveness
7 the 8 effectiveness
8 effectiveness 9 of
9 of 20 system
10 a 20 system
11 smartphone 13 based
11 smartphone 16 biofeedback
11 smartphone 20 system
12 - 13 based
13 based 15 -
15 - 16 biofeedback
16 biofeedback 18 abf
16 biofeedback 19 )
17 ( 18 abf
18 abf 19 )
20 system 21 for
21 for 22 improving
22 improving 23 balance
22 improving 24 in
24 in 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

this so [-] called " ibalance - abf " system that we recetly developed is " all [-] inclusive " in the sense that its three main components [of] [a] balance prosthesis [,] [(] [i] [ )(the sensory input unit , [(] ii ) [the] processing unit , and [(] iii ) the sensory output unit , [are] entirely embedded into the smartphone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 called
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 this 4 called
2 so 4 called
4 called 5 "
4 called 6 ibalance
7 - 10 system
7 - 15 is
8 abf 9 "
8 abf 10 system
10 system 11 that
10 system 14 developed
10 system 15 is
11 that 12 we
11 that 14 developed
12 we 14 developed
13 recetly 14 developed
15 is 16 "
15 is 17 all
17 all 19 inclusive
19 inclusive 20 "
19 inclusive 21 in
21 in 23 sense
22 the 23 sense
23 sense 24 that
23 sense 31 balance
24 that 28 components
24 that 31 balance
25 its 28 components
26 three 28 components
27 main 28 components
28 components 31 balance
31 balance 32 prosthesis
32 prosthesis 38 sensory
32 prosthesis 39 input
37 )(the 38 sensory
38 sensory 39 input
39 input 49 and
40 unit 41 ,
41 , 47 unit
41 , 49 and
43 ii 44 )
43 ii 47 unit
46 processing 47 unit
48 , 49 and
49 and 51 iii
49 and 52 )
49 and 54 sensory
49 and 55 output
53 the 54 sensory
54 sensory 55 output
55 output 56 unit
55 output 60 embedded
57 , 60 embedded
59 entirely 60 embedded
60 embedded 61 into
60 embedded 64 .
61 into 63 smartphone
62 the 63 smartphone

the underlying principle of this system is to supply the user with supplementary information about the medial - lateral ( ml ) trunk tilt relative to a predetermined adjustable " dead zone " through sound generation in earphones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 principle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 principle
2 underlying 3 principle
3 principle 4 of
3 principle 7 is
4 of 6 system
5 this 6 system
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 supply
8 to 9 supply
9 supply 11 user
9 supply 12 with
9 supply 34 through
10 the 11 user
12 with 14 information
13 supplementary 14 information
14 information 15 about
15 about 24 tilt
16 the 24 tilt
17 medial 18 -
17 medial 23 trunk
19 lateral 21 ml
19 lateral 22 )
19 lateral 23 trunk
20 ( 21 ml
21 ml 22 )
23 trunk 24 tilt
24 tilt 25 relative
25 relative 26 to
26 to 32 zone
27 a 32 zone
28 predetermined 32 zone
29 adjustable 30 "
29 adjustable 32 zone
31 dead 32 zone
32 zone 33 "
34 through 36 generation
35 sound 36 generation
36 generation 37 in
37 in 38 earphones

six healthy older adults voluntarily participated in this pilot study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 six 4 adults
2 healthy 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 6 participated
5 voluntarily 6 participated
6 participated 7 in
7 in 10 study
8 this 10 study
9 pilot 10 study

eyes closed , they were asked to stand upright and to sway as little as possible in two ( parallel and tandem ) stance conditions executed without [and] [with] the use of the ibalance - abf system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eyes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 closed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 eyes 2 closed
3 , 4 they
3 , 10 and
3 , 35 -
4 they 10 and
5 were 6 asked
5 were 10 and
6 asked 7 to
7 to 8 stand
8 stand 9 upright
10 and 11 to
10 and 12 sway
11 to 12 sway
12 sway 13 as
12 sway 27 without
13 as 14 little
14 little 16 possible
14 little 25 conditions
14 little 26 executed
15 as 16 possible
16 possible 17 in
17 in 18 two
18 two 21 and
19 ( 21 and
20 parallel 21 and
21 and 22 tandem
21 and 23 )
24 stance 25 conditions
25 conditions 26 executed
27 without 31 use
30 the 31 use
31 use 32 of
32 of 34 ibalance
33 the 34 ibalance
35 - 37 system
36 abf 37 system

results showed that , without any visual information , the use of the smartphone - based abf allowed the older healthy adults to significantly decrease their ml trunk sway in the tandem stance posture and to mitigate the destabilizing effect induced by this particular stance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 3 that
4 , 8 information
4 , 16 based
5 without 6 any
5 without 8 information
7 visual 8 information
8 information 11 use
8 information 16 based
9 , 11 use
10 the 11 use
11 use 12 of
11 use 15 -
12 of 14 smartphone
13 the 14 smartphone
16 based 17 abf
16 based 23 to
16 based 42 by
17 abf 18 allowed
18 allowed 22 adults
19 the 22 adults
20 older 22 adults
21 healthy 22 adults
23 to 35 and
24 significantly 25 decrease
25 decrease 29 sway
25 decrease 35 and
26 their 29 sway
27 ml 28 trunk
28 trunk 29 sway
29 sway 30 in
30 in 34 posture
31 the 34 posture
32 tandem 34 posture
33 stance 34 posture
35 and 36 to
35 and 41 induced
36 to 37 mitigate
37 mitigate 40 effect
38 the 40 effect
39 destabilizing 40 effect
42 by 45 stance
43 this 45 stance
44 particular 45 stance

although an extended study including a larger number of participants is needed to confirm these data , the present results are encouraging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 4 study
1 although 12 needed
1 although 17 ,
1 although 20 results
2 an 4 study
3 extended 4 study
4 study 5 including
4 study 11 is
4 study 12 needed
5 including 10 participants
5 including 11 is
6 a 8 number
7 larger 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 10 participants
9 of 10 participants
12 needed 13 to
12 needed 17 ,
13 to 14 confirm
14 confirm 16 data
15 these 16 data
18 the 20 results
19 present 20 results
20 results 21 are
21 are 22 encouraging

they do suggest that smartphone - [based] abf system could be used for balance training and rehabilitation therapy in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 they 2 do
2 do 3 suggest
3 suggest 9 system
3 suggest 12 used
4 that 9 system
5 smartphone 8 abf
6 - 8 abf
8 abf 9 system
9 system 10 could
10 could 11 be
11 be 12 used
12 used 13 for
12 used 19 in
13 for 16 and
14 balance 15 training
15 training 16 and
16 and 18 therapy
17 rehabilitation 18 therapy
19 in 21 adults
20 older 21 adults

aging population is considered to be major [problem] [in] modern [healthcare] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 aging 2 population
1 aging 3 is
3 is 4 considered
4 considered 5 to
4 considered 10 modern
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 major

at the same time , fall incidents often occur among elderly and cause serious injuries affecting their independent living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 incidents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 7 incidents
2 the 3 same
3 same 4 time
6 fall 7 incidents
7 incidents 9 occur
8 often 9 occur
9 occur 10 among
10 among 12 and
11 elderly 12 and
12 and 15 injuries
12 and 16 affecting
13 cause 15 injuries
14 serious 15 injuries
16 affecting 18 independent
17 their 18 independent
18 independent 19 living

this paper proposes a framework which uses mobile phone technology together with physiological data monitoring in order to detect falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 proposes
3 proposes 5 framework
3 proposes 20 falls
4 a 5 framework
5 framework 6 which
5 framework 7 uses
5 framework 20 falls
6 which 7 uses
7 uses 10 technology
8 mobile 9 phone
9 phone 10 technology
10 technology 12 with
10 technology 18 to
10 technology 19 detect
11 together 12 with
12 with 15 monitoring
13 physiological 14 data
14 data 15 monitoring
15 monitoring 16 in
16 in 17 order
18 to 19 detect

the system carries out collecting , storing and processing of acceleration data with further alarm generating and transferring all the measurements to remote caregiver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 carries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 system
2 system 3 carries
3 carries 4 out
3 carries 12 data
3 carries 13 with
3 carries 22 to
5 collecting 6 ,
6 , 7 storing
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 processing
8 and 12 data
9 processing 10 of
10 of 11 acceleration
13 with 17 and
13 with 19 all
14 further 15 alarm
15 alarm 16 generating
16 generating 17 and
17 and 18 transferring
19 all 20 the
19 all 21 measurements
20 the 21 measurements
22 to 24 caregiver
23 remote 24 caregiver

to perform [evaluation] [,] an experimental setup involving novice ice - skaters were carried out to obtain realistic fall data and examine the effects of falling on physiological parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 skaters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 to 2 perform
1 to 11 -
1 to 12 skaters
2 perform 7 setup
5 an 6 experimental
5 an 7 setup
6 experimental 7 setup
7 setup 8 involving
8 involving 10 ice
9 novice 10 ice
12 skaters 21 and
13 were 14 carried
13 were 21 and
14 carried 15 out
14 carried 16 to
16 to 17 obtain
17 obtain 20 data
18 realistic 19 fall
19 fall 20 data
21 and 22 examine
21 and 27 on
22 examine 24 effects
23 the 24 effects
24 effects 25 of
25 of 26 falling
27 on 29 parameters
28 physiological 29 parameters

a fall detection algorithm has been designed therefore to cope with large variations of movement in the torso . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 fall
1 a 4 algorithm
2 fall 4 algorithm
3 detection 4 algorithm
4 algorithm 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 designed
7 designed 9 to
7 designed 10 cope
8 therefore 9 to
9 to 10 cope
10 cope 11 with
10 cope 16 in
11 with 13 variations
12 large 13 variations
13 variations 14 of
14 of 15 movement
16 in 18 torso
17 the 18 torso

the online algorithm operating showed performance results of 90 % specificity , 100 % sensitivity and 94 % accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 algorithm
2 online 3 algorithm
3 algorithm 4 operating
3 algorithm 5 showed
5 showed 7 results
6 performance 7 results
7 results 8 of
8 of 16 and
9 90 10 %
10 % 11 specificity
11 specificity 12 ,
12 , 15 sensitivity
12 , 16 and
13 100 14 %
14 % 15 sensitivity
16 and 19 accuracy
17 94 18 %
18 % 19 accuracy

in this paper , a recording and analysis system is designed and developed for outdoor activity patterns characterization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 7 and
1 in 12 and
2 this 3 paper
3 paper 4 ,
4 , 6 recording
4 , 7 and
5 a 6 recording
7 and 9 system
8 analysis 9 system
10 is 11 designed
10 is 12 and
12 and 13 developed
13 developed 14 for
14 for 18 characterization
15 outdoor 16 activity
16 activity 18 characterization
17 patterns 18 characterization

some mental problems of aging , especially the occurrence of dementia , are not easily noticed [in] early stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 stage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 some 3 problems
2 mental 3 problems
3 problems 4 of
3 problems 9 occurrence
3 problems 13 are
4 of 5 aging
6 , 7 especially
6 , 9 occurrence
8 the 9 occurrence
9 occurrence 10 of
9 occurrence 12 ,
10 of 11 dementia
13 are 14 not
14 not 15 easily
15 easily 16 noticed
16 noticed 19 stage
18 early 19 stage

in this study , the proposed system is employed for outdoor activity patterns analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 system
2 this 3 study
5 the 7 system
6 proposed 7 system
7 system 8 is
8 is 9 employed
9 employed 10 for
10 for 12 activity
11 outdoor 12 activity
12 activity 13 patterns
13 patterns 14 analysis

from the pattern analysis , the abnormal activity which is different from the usual patterns may be differentiated and warned . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 from 4 analysis
1 from 5 ,
1 from 8 activity
2 the 4 analysis
3 pattern 4 analysis
6 the 8 activity
7 abnormal 8 activity
8 activity 9 which
8 activity 10 is
8 activity 16 may
9 which 10 is
10 is 11 different
11 different 12 from
12 from 15 patterns
13 the 15 patterns
14 usual 15 patterns
16 may 17 be
17 be 19 and
18 differentiated 19 and
19 and 20 warned

the proposed system integrates the tablet pc and gps [to] track [and] to detect the occurrence of abnormal condition off - line . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 integrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 the 3 system
2 proposed 3 system
3 system 4 integrates
4 integrates 11 track
5 the 11 track
6 tablet 11 track
7 pc 8 and
8 and 9 gps
9 gps 11 track
11 track 13 to
11 track 20 off
13 to 14 detect
14 detect 16 occurrence
14 detect 20 off
15 the 16 occurrence
16 occurrence 17 of
17 of 19 condition
18 abnormal 19 condition
21 - 22 line
21 - 23 .

in the beginning , the sequence of gps data is segmented in time [frame] , and represented in vector form for data reduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sequence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 beginning
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 sequence
2 the 3 beginning
5 the 6 sequence
6 sequence 7 of
6 sequence 16 and
7 of 9 data
8 gps 9 data
10 is 11 segmented
10 is 16 and
11 segmented 12 in
12 in 13 time
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 represented
16 and 18 in
16 and 23 reduction
18 in 20 form
19 vector 20 form
20 form 21 for
21 for 22 data

some filtering technique is also applied for noise reduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 technique
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 some 3 technique
2 filtering 3 technique
3 technique 4 is
4 is 6 applied
5 also 6 applied
6 applied 7 for
7 for 9 reduction
8 noise 9 reduction

observation of a patient 's respiration signal can provide a clinician with the required information necessary to analyse a subject 's wellbeing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 observation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 analyse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 observation 2 of
1 observation 8 can
2 of 7 signal
3 a 4 patient
4 patient 5 's
5 's 7 signal
6 respiration 7 signal
8 can 9 provide
9 provide 11 clinician
9 provide 12 with
10 a 11 clinician
12 with 15 information
13 the 15 information
14 required 15 information
15 information 16 necessary
16 necessary 17 to
16 necessary 18 analyse
17 to 18 analyse
18 analyse 22 wellbeing
19 a 20 subject
20 subject 21 's
21 's 22 wellbeing

due to an increase in population number and the aging population demographic there is an increasing stress being placed on current healthcare systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 due
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 due 2 to
1 due 14 is
2 to 4 increase
3 an 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
5 in 8 and
6 population 7 number
7 number 8 and
8 and 11 population
8 and 12 demographic
9 the 11 population
10 aging 11 population
12 demographic 13 there
14 is 18 being
15 an 18 being
16 increasing 17 stress
17 stress 18 being
18 being 19 placed
19 placed 20 on
20 on 23 systems
21 current 23 systems
22 healthcare 23 systems

there is therefore a requirement for more of the rudimentary patient testing to be performed outside of the hospital environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 therefore
2 is 5 requirement
2 is 6 for
2 is 13 to
2 is 17 of
4 a 5 requirement
6 for 12 testing
7 more 8 of
7 more 12 testing
8 of 11 patient
9 the 11 patient
10 rudimentary 11 patient
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 performed
16 outside 17 of
17 of 20 environment
18 the 20 environment
19 hospital 20 environment

however due to the ambulatory nature of these recordings there is also a desire for a reduction in the number of sensors required to perform the required recording in order to be unobtrusive to the wearer , and also to use textile based systems for comfort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 however 10 there
2 due 3 to
3 to 6 nature
3 to 10 there
4 the 6 nature
5 ambulatory 6 nature
6 nature 7 of
7 of 9 recordings
8 these 9 recordings
10 there 11 is
11 is 12 also
11 is 14 desire
13 a 14 desire
14 desire 15 for
14 desire 21 of
14 desire 23 required
15 for 17 reduction
16 a 17 reduction
17 reduction 18 in
18 in 20 number
19 the 20 number
21 of 22 sensors
23 required 24 to
23 required 31 to
23 required 38 and
24 to 25 perform
25 perform 28 recording
26 the 28 recording
27 required 28 recording
28 recording 29 in
29 in 30 order
31 to 38 and
32 be 33 unobtrusive
32 be 38 and
33 unobtrusive 34 to
34 to 36 wearer
35 the 36 wearer
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 to
38 and 41 use
39 also 40 to
40 to 41 use
41 use 44 systems
42 textile 44 systems
43 based 44 systems
44 systems 45 for
45 for 46 comfort

the extraction of a proxy for the respiration signal from a recorded electrocardiogram ( ecg ) [signal] has therefore received considerable interest from previous researchers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 extraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 extraction
2 extraction 3 of
2 extraction 18 has
3 of 5 proxy
4 a 5 proxy
5 proxy 6 for
6 for 9 signal
7 the 9 signal
8 respiration 9 signal
9 signal 10 from
10 from 13 electrocardiogram
11 a 13 electrocardiogram
12 recorded 13 electrocardiogram
13 electrocardiogram 15 ecg
14 ( 15 ecg
15 ecg 16 )
18 has 20 received
19 therefore 20 received
20 received 22 interest
21 considerable 22 interest
22 interest 23 from
23 from 25 researchers
24 previous 25 researchers

to allow for accurate measurements , currently employed methods rely on the availability of a clean artifact free ecg signal from which [to] extract [the] desired respiration [signal] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 signal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 desired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 3 for
1 to 6 ,
1 to 9 methods
2 allow 3 for
3 for 5 measurements
4 accurate 5 measurements
7 currently 8 employed
8 employed 9 methods
9 methods 10 rely
10 rely 11 on
10 rely 18 free
11 on 13 availability
12 the 13 availability
13 availability 14 of
14 of 17 artifact
15 a 17 artifact
16 clean 17 artifact
19 ecg 20 signal
20 signal 21 from
21 from 22 which
22 which 24 extract
22 which 26 desired
24 extract 26 desired
26 desired 27 respiration

however , ambulatory recordings , made outside of the hospital [-] centric environment , are often corrupted with contaminating artifacts , the most [degrading] of which are due to subject motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recordings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 corrupted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 recordings
3 ambulatory 4 recordings
4 recordings 6 made
4 recordings 15 are
5 , 6 made
6 made 8 of
6 made 14 ,
7 outside 8 of
8 of 13 environment
9 the 13 environment
10 hospital 13 environment
12 centric 13 environment
15 are 16 often
15 are 17 corrupted
17 corrupted 18 with
18 with 19 contaminating
19 contaminating 20 artifacts
21 , 23 most
21 , 27 are
22 the 23 most
23 most 25 of
23 most 27 are
25 of 26 which
27 are 28 due
28 due 29 to
28 due 30 subject
29 to 30 subject
30 subject 31 motion

this paper presents the use of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition ( eemd ) [algorithm] to aid in the extraction of the desired respiration signal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 presents
3 presents 5 use
3 presents 16 to
3 presents 18 in
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 11 decomposition
7 the 11 decomposition
8 ensemble 11 decomposition
9 empirical 10 mode
10 mode 11 decomposition
11 decomposition 13 eemd
12 ( 13 eemd
13 eemd 14 )
16 to 17 aid
18 in 20 extraction
19 the 20 extraction
20 extraction 21 of
21 of 25 signal
22 the 25 signal
23 desired 24 respiration
24 respiration 25 signal

two separate techniques are examined ; [1] [ )(extraction of the respiration signal directly from the noisy ecg 2 ) removal of the artifact components relating to the subject movement allowing for the use of currently available respiration signal detection techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 two 3 techniques
2 separate 3 techniques
3 techniques 4 are
4 are 5 examined
6 ; 25 components
6 ; 39 signal
9 )(extraction 25 components
10 of 13 signal
10 of 25 components
11 the 13 signal
12 respiration 13 signal
14 directly 25 components
15 from 18 ecg
15 from 20 )
15 from 25 components
16 the 18 ecg
17 noisy 18 ecg
18 ecg 19 2
21 removal 25 components
22 of 24 artifact
22 of 25 components
23 the 24 artifact
25 components 26 relating
25 components 39 signal
26 relating 27 to
27 to 30 movement
28 the 30 movement
29 subject 30 movement
30 movement 32 for
31 allowing 32 for
32 for 34 use
33 the 34 use
34 use 35 of
35 of 38 respiration
36 currently 37 available
37 available 38 respiration
39 signal 41 techniques
40 detection 41 techniques

results presented illustrate [that] the two proposed techniques provide significant improvements in the accuracy of the breaths per minute ( bpm ) metric when compared to the available true respiration signal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 presented
1 results 3 illustrate
3 illustrate 6 two
5 the 6 two
6 two 7 proposed
6 two 8 techniques
6 two 9 provide
8 techniques 9 provide
9 provide 11 improvements
9 provide 12 in
10 significant 11 improvements
12 in 14 accuracy
13 the 14 accuracy
14 accuracy 15 of
14 accuracy 23 metric
15 of 17 breaths
16 the 17 breaths
17 breaths 18 per
17 breaths 21 bpm
18 per 19 minute
20 ( 21 bpm
21 bpm 22 )
23 metric 24 when
23 metric 26 to
24 when 25 compared
26 to 31 signal
27 the 31 signal
28 available 30 respiration
29 true 30 respiration
30 respiration 31 signal

the error reduced from ± 5.9 bpm prior to the use of the two techniques to ± 2.9 and ± 3.3 bpm post processing using the eemd algorithm techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 error
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 error
2 error 3 reduced
3 reduced 4 from
3 reduced 7 bpm
3 reduced 16 to
4 from 5 ±
5 ± 6 5.9
7 bpm 8 prior
8 prior 9 to
9 to 11 use
10 the 11 use
11 use 12 of
12 of 15 techniques
13 the 14 two
14 two 15 techniques
16 to 19 and
17 ± 18 2.9
17 ± 19 and
19 and 23 post
19 and 24 processing
20 ± 23 post
21 3.3 23 post
22 bpm 23 post
24 processing 25 using
24 processing 29 techniques
25 using 28 algorithm
26 the 28 algorithm
27 eemd 28 algorithm

genome - wide epigenetic modification dynamics , including dna methylation and chromatin modification , are involved in biological processes such as development , aging , and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 genome 6 dynamics
1 genome 8 including
1 genome 11 and
2 - 6 dynamics
3 wide 5 modification
4 epigenetic 5 modification
5 modification 6 dynamics
6 dynamics 7 ,
8 including 10 methylation
9 dna 10 methylation
11 and 13 modification
11 and 14 ,
11 and 15 are
12 chromatin 13 modification
15 are 16 involved
16 involved 17 in
17 in 26 and
18 biological 19 processes
19 processes 21 as
19 processes 26 and
20 such 21 as
21 as 22 development
22 development 24 aging
23 , 24 aging
24 aging 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 disease

quantitative identification of differential epigenetic modification regions ( demrs ) from various temporal and spatial epigenomes is a crucial step towards investigating the relationship between epigenotype and phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 quantitative 2 identification
2 identification 3 of
2 identification 11 from
2 identification 17 is
3 of 7 regions
4 differential 6 modification
5 epigenetic 6 modification
6 modification 7 regions
7 regions 9 demrs
8 ( 9 demrs
9 demrs 10 )
11 from 16 epigenomes
12 various 16 epigenomes
13 temporal 14 and
14 and 15 spatial
14 and 16 epigenomes
17 is 20 step
17 is 21 towards
17 is 25 between
18 a 19 crucial
18 a 20 step
19 crucial 20 step
21 towards 22 investigating
22 investigating 24 relationship
23 the 24 relationship
25 between 27 and
26 epigenotype 27 and
27 and 28 phenotype

here , we describe epidiff ( http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/epidiff/ ) , an integrated software platform that supports quantification of epigenetic difference [and] identification of demrs by shannon entropy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 5 epidiff
5 epidiff 7 http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/epidiff/
5 epidiff 13 platform
6 ( 7 http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/epidiff/
7 http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/epidiff/ 8 )
9 , 13 platform
10 an 13 platform
11 integrated 12 software
12 software 13 platform
13 platform 14 that
13 platform 15 supports
13 platform 27 .
14 that 15 supports
15 supports 16 quantification
16 quantification 17 of
17 of 21 identification
18 epigenetic 19 difference
19 difference 21 identification
21 identification 22 of
22 of 23 demrs
23 demrs 24 by
24 by 26 entropy
25 shannon 26 entropy

two main modules , quantitative differential chromatin modification region ( [qdcmr] [ )(and quantitative differentially methylated region ( qdmr ) are provided for bioinformatic analysis of chromatin modifications and dna methylation data , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 two 3 modules
2 main 3 modules
3 modules 4 ,
4 , 9 region
4 , 13 )(and
5 quantitative 6 differential
6 differential 9 region
7 chromatin 8 modification
8 modification 9 region
10 ( 13 )(and
13 )(and 17 region
13 )(and 19 qdmr
13 )(and 21 are
14 quantitative 17 region
15 differentially 16 methylated
16 methylated 17 region
18 ( 19 qdmr
19 qdmr 20 )
21 are 22 provided
22 provided 23 for
22 provided 34 respectively
23 for 25 analysis
24 bioinformatic 25 analysis
25 analysis 26 of
26 of 29 and
27 chromatin 28 modifications
28 modifications 29 and
29 and 32 data
29 and 33 ,
30 dna 31 methylation
31 methylation 32 data

the third module [,] quantitative differential expressed gene ( qdeg ) [,] can be used to identify differentially expressed genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 third
1 the 8 gene
3 module 7 expressed
5 quantitative 6 differential
6 differential 7 expressed
7 expressed 8 gene
8 gene 10 qdeg
8 gene 13 can
9 ( 10 qdeg
10 qdeg 11 )
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 used
15 used 16 to
15 used 17 identify
16 to 17 identify
17 identify 20 genes
18 differentially 19 expressed
19 expressed 20 genes

the platform - free and species - free nature of epidiff makes it [potentially] applicable to a wide variety of epigenomes at an unprecedented scale and resolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 platform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 platform
3 - 5 and
3 - 7 -
4 free 5 and
5 and 6 species
7 - 9 nature
7 - 12 makes
7 - 28 .
8 free 9 nature
9 nature 10 of
9 nature 12 makes
10 of 11 epidiff
12 makes 13 it
12 makes 15 applicable
15 applicable 16 to
15 applicable 22 at
16 to 19 variety
17 a 18 wide
17 a 19 variety
18 wide 19 variety
19 variety 20 of
20 of 21 epigenomes
22 at 26 and
23 an 24 unprecedented
23 an 25 scale
24 unprecedented 25 scale
25 scale 26 and
26 and 27 resolution

the graphical user interface provides biologists with a practicable and reliable way to analyze and [visualize] epigenetic difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interface
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 4 interface
2 graphical 3 user
3 user 4 interface
4 interface 5 provides
5 provides 15 and
6 biologists 7 with
6 biologists 15 and
7 with 12 way
8 a 12 way
9 practicable 10 and
10 and 11 reliable
10 and 12 way
12 way 13 to
12 way 14 analyze
13 to 14 analyze
15 and 18 difference
17 epigenetic 18 difference

in this study , we employed diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) to construct brain [structural] [network] and then derive the connection matrices from 96 healthy elderly subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 employed
6 employed 9 imaging
6 employed 13 to
7 diffusion 9 imaging
8 tensor 9 imaging
9 imaging 11 dti
10 ( 11 dti
11 dti 12 )
13 to 18 and
14 construct 15 brain
14 construct 18 and
18 and 20 derive
19 then 20 derive
20 derive 23 matrices
20 derive 24 from
21 the 23 matrices
22 connection 23 matrices
24 from 28 subjects
25 96 28 subjects
26 healthy 28 subjects
27 elderly 28 subjects

the correlation analysis between these topological properties of network base [d] on graph theory and the cognitive abilities screening instrument ( casi ) index were processed to extract the significant network characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 processed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 analysis
2 correlation 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 between
3 analysis 12 on
3 analysis 15 and
4 between 7 properties
5 these 7 properties
6 topological 7 properties
7 properties 8 of
8 of 10 base
9 network 10 base
12 on 14 theory
13 graph 14 theory
15 and 24 index
15 and 25 were
16 the 24 index
17 cognitive 18 abilities
18 abilities 19 screening
19 screening 20 instrument
20 instrument 22 casi
21 ( 22 casi
22 casi 23 )
22 casi 24 index
25 were 26 processed
26 processed 27 to
27 to 28 extract
28 extract 32 characteristics
29 the 32 characteristics
30 significant 31 network
31 network 32 characteristics

these characteristics were then integrated to estimate the models by various machine [-] learning algorithms to predict user ['s] cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 integrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 were
3 were 5 integrated
4 then 5 integrated
5 integrated 6 to
5 integrated 16 to
6 to 7 estimate
7 estimate 9 models
7 estimate 10 by
8 the 9 models
10 by 15 algorithms
11 various 12 machine
12 machine 15 algorithms
14 learning 15 algorithms
16 to 17 predict
17 predict 21 performance
18 user 21 performance
20 cognitive 21 performance

from the results , linear regression model and gaussian processes model [showed] presented better abilities with lower mean absolute errors of 5.8120 and 6.25 to predict the cognitive performance respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 from 8 and
1 from 10 processes
2 the 3 results
3 results 4 ,
4 , 7 model
4 , 8 and
5 linear 6 regression
6 regression 7 model
8 and 9 gaussian
10 processes 11 model
11 model 15 abilities
13 presented 15 abilities
14 better 15 abilities
15 abilities 16 with
15 abilities 25 to
15 abilities 26 predict
16 with 20 errors
17 lower 20 errors
18 mean 20 errors
19 absolute 20 errors
20 errors 21 of
21 of 23 and
22 5.8120 23 and
23 and 24 6.25
25 to 26 predict
26 predict 29 performance
26 predict 30 respectively
27 the 29 performance
28 cognitive 29 performance

moreover , these extracted topological properties of brain structural network derived [from] dti also could be regarded as the bio - signatures for further evaluation [of] brain degeneration in healthy aged and early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 6 properties
3 these 6 properties
4 extracted 6 properties
5 topological 6 properties
6 properties 7 of
6 properties 15 could
7 of 13 dti
8 brain 11 derived
9 structural 10 network
10 network 11 derived
11 derived 13 dti
14 also 15 could
15 could 16 be
16 be 17 regarded
17 regarded 18 as
18 as 20 bio
19 the 20 bio
20 bio 22 signatures
21 - 22 signatures
22 signatures 23 for
22 signatures 29 in
22 signatures 41 )
23 for 28 degeneration
24 further 27 brain
25 evaluation 27 brain
27 brain 28 degeneration
29 in 34 diagnosis
30 healthy 34 diagnosis
31 aged 32 and
32 and 33 early
32 and 34 diagnosis
34 diagnosis 35 of
34 diagnosis 40 mci
35 of 38 impairment
36 mild 38 impairment
37 cognitive 38 impairment
39 ( 40 mci
40 mci 41 )

the usefulness of cardiovascular models is determined by their intended function with respect to elucidating underlying hemodynamic concepts and to enable simulations that will assist in understanding the effects of specific parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 usefulness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 usefulness
2 usefulness 3 of
2 usefulness 6 is
3 of 5 models
4 cardiovascular 5 models
6 is 19 and
7 determined 8 by
7 determined 12 with
7 determined 18 concepts
7 determined 19 and
8 by 11 function
9 their 11 function
10 intended 11 function
12 with 13 respect
13 respect 14 to
14 to 15 elucidating
15 elucidating 16 underlying
17 hemodynamic 18 concepts
19 and 20 to
19 and 21 enable
20 to 21 enable
21 enable 22 simulations
21 enable 26 in
22 simulations 23 that
22 simulations 24 will
23 that 24 will
24 will 25 assist
26 in 27 understanding
27 understanding 29 effects
28 the 29 effects
29 effects 30 of
30 of 32 parameters
31 specific 32 parameters

models can take different forms , including mock circulatory constructs with physical components , mathematical representations of parameter space relations employing constitutive equations , or closed form representations of electrical circuit analogs described in the time or frequency domain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 models 25 or
2 can 3 take
2 can 25 or
3 take 5 forms
4 different 5 forms
5 forms 7 including
5 forms 16 representations
6 , 7 including
7 including 10 constructs
7 including 11 with
7 including 14 ,
8 mock 10 constructs
9 circulatory 10 constructs
11 with 13 components
12 physical 13 components
14 , 16 representations
15 mathematical 16 representations
16 representations 17 of
16 representations 24 ,
17 of 20 relations
18 parameter 20 relations
19 space 20 relations
20 relations 21 employing
21 employing 23 equations
22 constitutive 23 equations
25 or 26 closed
25 or 34 in
26 closed 28 representations
27 form 28 representations
28 representations 29 of
28 representations 33 described
29 of 32 analogs
30 electrical 32 analogs
31 circuit 32 analogs
34 in 37 or
35 the 36 time
36 time 37 or
37 or 39 domain
38 frequency 39 domain

the impedance model shows that an allometric relationship between body weight and aortic effective length can be determined by using the frequency of minimum input impedance and aortic pulse wave velocity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 model
2 impedance 3 model
3 model 4 shows
4 shows 5 that
5 that 12 and
5 that 17 be
6 an 7 allometric
6 an 8 relationship
7 allometric 8 relationship
8 relationship 9 between
8 relationship 12 and
9 between 11 weight
10 body 11 weight
12 and 15 length
12 and 16 can
13 aortic 15 length
14 effective 15 length
16 can 17 be
17 be 18 determined
18 determined 19 by
19 by 20 using
20 using 27 and
21 the 27 and
22 frequency 23 of
22 frequency 27 and
23 of 26 impedance
24 minimum 26 impedance
25 input 26 impedance
27 and 31 velocity
28 aortic 29 pulse
29 pulse 31 velocity
30 wave 31 velocity

this concept provides a background for optimal matching of body size and hemodynamic load on the heart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 concept
2 concept 3 provides
3 provides 5 background
3 provides 15 on
4 a 5 background
5 background 6 for
6 for 8 matching
7 optimal 8 matching
8 matching 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 body 11 size
11 size 12 and
12 and 14 load
13 hemodynamic 14 load
15 on 17 heart
16 the 17 heart

the lumped parameter model indicates that arterial stiffness , simulated by the total arterial compliance term , has a significant impact on variability of arterial pressure when changes are due to dynamic alterations of peripheral resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 4 model
2 lumped 3 parameter
3 parameter 4 model
4 model 5 indicates
5 indicates 8 stiffness
5 indicates 18 has
6 that 7 arterial
7 arterial 8 stiffness
8 stiffness 10 simulated
8 stiffness 18 has
9 , 10 simulated
10 simulated 11 by
10 simulated 17 ,
11 by 16 term
12 the 16 term
13 total 15 compliance
14 arterial 15 compliance
15 compliance 16 term
18 has 21 impact
19 a 21 impact
20 significant 21 impact
21 impact 22 on
21 impact 27 when
22 on 23 variability
23 variability 24 of
24 of 26 pressure
25 arterial 26 pressure
27 when 28 changes
27 when 29 are
28 changes 29 are
29 are 31 to
30 due 31 to
31 to 33 alterations
32 dynamic 33 alterations
33 alterations 34 of
34 of 36 resistance
35 peripheral 36 resistance

in addition , the known pressure dependency of arterial stiffness results in a curvilinear relationship between blood pressure variability and mean pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 dependency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 dependency
4 the 7 dependency
5 known 6 pressure
6 pressure 7 dependency
7 dependency 8 of
7 dependency 11 results
8 of 10 stiffness
9 arterial 10 stiffness
11 results 12 in
11 results 16 between
12 in 15 relationship
13 a 14 curvilinear
13 a 15 relationship
14 curvilinear 15 relationship
16 between 20 and
17 blood 19 variability
18 pressure 19 variability
19 variability 20 and
20 and 22 pressure
21 mean 22 pressure

this has implications in hypertensive treatment where there are marked changes in arterial stiffness , [as] occurs with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 15 ,
2 has 3 implications
2 has 12 in
2 has 15 ,
3 implications 4 in
3 implications 7 where
4 in 6 treatment
5 hypertensive 6 treatment
7 where 8 there
7 where 9 are
8 there 9 are
9 are 11 changes
10 marked 11 changes
12 in 14 stiffness
13 arterial 14 stiffness
15 , 17 occurs
15 , 18 with
18 with 19 aging

however , the reason that severe hypoalbuminemia has an influence on the treatment outcome of vcm remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reason
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 reason
3 the 4 reason
4 reason 5 that
4 reason 17 remains
5 that 7 hypoalbuminemia
5 that 8 has
6 severe 7 hypoalbuminemia
7 hypoalbuminemia 8 has
8 has 10 influence
8 has 11 on
9 an 10 influence
11 on 14 outcome
12 the 14 outcome
13 treatment 14 outcome
14 outcome 15 of
15 of 16 vcm
17 remains 18 unknown

objective : to elucidate the association between severe hypoalbuminemia and vcm treatment outcomes , we examined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ( pk/pd ) parameters in elderly patients with severe hypoalbuminemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 elucidate
2 : 14 ,
2 : 28 .
3 to 4 elucidate
4 elucidate 6 association
4 elucidate 7 between
5 the 6 association
7 between 10 and
8 severe 9 hypoalbuminemia
9 hypoalbuminemia 10 and
10 and 13 outcomes
11 vcm 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 outcomes
14 , 15 we
14 , 16 examined
15 we 16 examined
16 examined 21 parameters
16 examined 22 in
17 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic 19 pk/pd
17 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic 21 parameters
18 ( 19 pk/pd
19 pk/pd 20 )
22 in 24 patients
23 elderly 24 patients
24 patients 25 with
25 with 27 hypoalbuminemia
26 severe 27 hypoalbuminemia

methods : we conducted a retrospective observational study of 94 patients with methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) [hospital] - acquired pneumonia who had been treated with vcm between january 2006 and december 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 22 -
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 8 study
5 a 6 retrospective
5 a 8 study
6 retrospective 8 study
7 observational 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 12 with
8 study 17 aureus
9 of 11 patients
10 94 11 patients
12 with 13 methicillin
14 - 17 aureus
15 resistant 17 aureus
16 staphylococcus 17 aureus
17 aureus 19 mrsa
17 aureus 20 )
18 ( 19 mrsa
19 mrsa 20 )
22 - 24 pneumonia
23 acquired 24 pneumonia
24 pneumonia 25 who
24 pneumonia 26 had
25 who 26 had
26 had 27 been
27 been 28 treated
28 treated 29 with
28 treated 31 between
29 with 30 vcm
31 between 34 and
32 january 33 2006
32 january 34 and
34 and 35 december
35 december 36 2012

the 94 patients were divided into severe hypoalbuminemia and [non] - severe hypoalbuminemia groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 94
2 94 3 patients
3 patients 4 were
4 were 5 divided
5 divided 6 into
6 into 8 hypoalbuminemia
7 severe 8 hypoalbuminemia
9 and 11 -
9 and 14 groups
11 - 13 hypoalbuminemia
12 severe 13 hypoalbuminemia
13 hypoalbuminemia 14 groups

the pk/pd parameters and treatment outcomes of vcm were compared between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pk/pd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 pk/pd
2 pk/pd 4 and
2 pk/pd 9 were
2 pk/pd 10 compared
3 parameters 4 and
4 and 6 outcomes
4 and 7 of
4 and 9 were
5 treatment 6 outcomes
7 of 8 vcm
10 compared 11 between
11 between 14 groups
12 the 13 two
13 two 14 groups

results : the half - life of vcm in the severe hypoalbuminemia group was significantly longer than in the [non] [-] severe hypoalbuminemia group ( 33.2 + 5.4 [vs] 24.9 + 1.6 [;] p = 0.049 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 half
3 the 4 half
5 - 6 life
5 - 14 was
6 life 7 of
6 life 14 was
7 of 8 vcm
8 vcm 9 in
9 in 13 group
10 the 13 group
11 severe 13 group
12 hypoalbuminemia 13 group
14 was 15 significantly
14 was 16 longer
16 longer 17 than
17 than 18 in
18 in 24 group
19 the 24 group
22 severe 24 group
23 hypoalbuminemia 24 group
24 group 27 +
25 ( 27 +
26 33.2 27 +
27 + 28 5.4
27 + 37 )
28 5.4 35 =
30 24.9 31 +
31 + 32 1.6
31 + 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 0.049
35 = 37 )

we also detected a significant difference in the increased percentage of nephrotoxicity in the severe hypoalbuminemia group ( 6 of 23 patients [ 26 % ] ) compared with the [non] [-] severe hypoalbuminemia group ( 6 of 71 patients [ 8 % ] [;] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 3 detected
2 also 3 detected
3 detected 6 difference
4 a 6 difference
5 significant 6 difference
6 difference 7 in
7 in 10 percentage
8 the 10 percentage
9 increased 10 percentage
10 percentage 11 of
11 of 12 nephrotoxicity
12 nephrotoxicity 13 in
12 nephrotoxicity 28 compared
13 in 17 group
14 the 17 group
15 severe 17 group
16 hypoalbuminemia 17 group
17 group 19 6
18 ( 19 6
19 6 20 of
19 6 25 %
19 6 27 )
20 of 22 patients
21 23 22 patients
23 [ 25 %
24 26 25 %
25 % 26 ]
28 compared 29 with
29 with 35 group
30 the 35 group
33 severe 35 group
34 hypoalbuminemia 35 group
35 group 37 6
35 group 47 <
36 ( 37 6
37 6 38 of
37 6 44 ]
38 of 40 patients
39 71 40 patients
40 patients 43 %
41 [ 43 %
42 8 43 %
43 % 44 ]
46 p 47 <
47 < 48 0.001
47 < 49 )

conclusion : these findings indicate that severe hypoalbuminemia influences the half - life of vcm and treatment outcomes in elderly patients ( ≥75 years of age ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 indicate
2 : 12 -
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 8 hypoalbuminemia
6 that 9 influences
7 severe 8 hypoalbuminemia
8 hypoalbuminemia 9 influences
9 influences 11 half
10 the 11 half
12 - 16 and
13 life 14 of
13 life 16 and
14 of 15 vcm
16 and 18 outcomes
16 and 19 in
16 and 24 years
17 treatment 18 outcomes
19 in 21 patients
20 elderly 21 patients
22 ( 24 years
23 ≥75 24 years
24 years 25 of
24 years 27 )
25 of 26 age

to establish a more effective and safer treatment protocol , the issue of malnutrition in elderly patients needs to be addressed and improved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 establish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 to 2 establish
2 establish 9 protocol
3 a 9 protocol
4 more 5 effective
5 effective 6 and
6 and 7 safer
6 and 8 treatment
8 treatment 9 protocol
10 , 12 issue
10 , 18 needs
11 the 12 issue
12 issue 13 of
12 issue 18 needs
13 of 14 malnutrition
14 malnutrition 15 in
15 in 17 patients
16 elderly 17 patients
18 needs 19 to
18 needs 22 and
19 to 22 and
20 be 21 addressed
20 be 22 and
22 and 23 improved

complex cognitive abilities such as planning are known to critically rely on activity of bilateral mid - dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [(] mid - dlpfc [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 abilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 )(
1 complex 3 abilities
2 cognitive 3 abilities
3 abilities 5 as
3 abilities 7 are
4 such 5 as
5 as 6 planning
7 are 8 known
8 known 9 to
8 known 11 rely
9 to 11 rely
10 critically 11 rely
11 rely 12 on
12 on 13 activity
13 activity 14 of
14 of 24 dlpfc
15 bilateral 20 cortex
16 mid 17 -
16 mid 20 cortex
18 dorsolateral 20 cortex
19 prefrontal 20 cortex
20 cortex 24 dlpfc
22 mid 23 -
22 mid 24 dlpfc

however , the functional relevance of the structural connectivity between left and right mid - dlpfc is yet unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 relevance
3 the 5 relevance
4 functional 5 relevance
5 relevance 6 of
5 relevance 17 is
6 of 9 connectivity
7 the 9 connectivity
8 structural 9 connectivity
9 connectivity 10 between
10 between 16 dlpfc
11 left 12 and
12 and 13 right
12 and 16 dlpfc
14 mid 15 -
14 mid 16 dlpfc
17 is 18 yet
17 is 19 unknown

here , we applied global tractography to derive streamline counts as estimates of the structural connectivity between mid - dlpfc homologs and [related] it to planning performance in the tower of london task across early to midadulthood , assuming a moderating effect of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 midadulthood
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 applied
4 applied 6 tractography
4 applied 7 to
4 applied 11 as
5 global 6 tractography
7 to 8 derive
8 derive 10 counts
9 streamline 10 counts
11 as 22 and
11 as 33 task
12 estimates 13 of
12 estimates 22 and
13 of 16 connectivity
14 the 16 connectivity
15 structural 16 connectivity
16 connectivity 17 between
17 between 21 homologs
18 mid 19 -
18 mid 20 dlpfc
20 dlpfc 21 homologs
22 and 24 it
22 and 25 to
22 and 31 of
22 and 33 task
25 to 27 performance
26 planning 27 performance
27 performance 28 in
28 in 30 tower
29 the 30 tower
31 of 32 london
33 task 34 across
33 task 35 early
35 early 36 to
35 early 37 midadulthood
36 to 37 midadulthood
37 midadulthood 39 assuming
38 , 39 assuming
39 assuming 42 effect
39 assuming 45 .
40 a 42 effect
41 moderating 42 effect
42 effect 43 of
43 of 44 age

multiple regression analyses with interaction effects revealed that streamline counts between left and right mid - dlpfc were negatively associated with planning performance specifically in early postadolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 multiple 2 regression
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 with
3 analyses 7 revealed
4 with 6 effects
5 interaction 6 effects
7 revealed 8 that
8 that 10 counts
8 that 20 associated
9 streamline 10 counts
10 counts 11 between
10 counts 18 were
11 between 17 dlpfc
12 left 13 and
13 and 14 right
13 and 17 dlpfc
15 mid 16 -
15 mid 17 dlpfc
18 were 19 negatively
18 were 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 planning
22 planning 23 performance
22 planning 24 specifically
22 planning 25 in
25 in 27 postadolescence
26 early 27 postadolescence

from the fourth life decade [on] , there was a trend for a reversed [,] positive association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 from 5 decade
1 from 7 ,
1 from 8 there
2 the 5 decade
3 fourth 4 life
4 life 5 decade
8 there 9 was
9 was 11 trend
10 a 11 trend
11 trend 12 for
12 for 17 association
13 a 17 association
14 reversed 17 association
16 positive 17 association

these differential findings were corroborated by converging results from fractional anisotropy and white - matter density estimates in the genu of the corpus callosum [where] fibers connecting mid - dlpfc homologs traversed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 corroborated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 traversed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 3 findings
2 differential 3 findings
3 findings 4 were
4 were 5 corroborated
5 corroborated 6 by
5 corroborated 9 from
6 by 7 converging
7 converging 8 results
9 from 12 and
10 fractional 11 anisotropy
11 anisotropy 12 and
12 and 13 white
14 - 16 density
14 - 17 estimates
15 matter 16 density
16 density 17 estimates
17 estimates 18 in
17 estimates 30 dlpfc
18 in 20 genu
19 the 20 genu
20 genu 21 of
21 of 26 fibers
22 the 26 fibers
23 corpus 26 fibers
24 callosum 26 fibers
27 connecting 30 dlpfc
28 mid 29 -
28 mid 30 dlpfc
30 dlpfc 31 homologs
30 dlpfc 32 traversed
31 homologs 32 traversed

moreover , the results for streamline counts were regionally specific , marking the strength of mid - dlpfc connectivity as critical in predicting interindividual differences in planning performance across different stages of adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 for
4 results 8 were
5 for 7 counts
6 streamline 7 counts
8 were 9 regionally
8 were 10 specific
10 specific 12 marking
11 , 12 marking
12 marking 14 strength
12 marking 34 .
13 the 14 strength
14 strength 15 of
14 strength 21 critical
15 of 19 connectivity
16 mid 17 -
16 mid 19 connectivity
18 dlpfc 19 connectivity
20 as 21 critical
21 critical 22 in
21 critical 26 in
22 in 23 predicting
23 predicting 25 differences
24 interindividual 25 differences
26 in 27 planning
27 planning 28 performance
27 planning 29 across
29 across 31 stages
30 different 31 stages
31 stages 32 of
32 of 33 adulthood

taken together , present findings provide first evidence for nonadditive effects of age on the relation between complex cognitive abilities and the structural connectivity of mid - dlpfc homologs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 present 5 findings
5 findings 6 provide
6 provide 8 evidence
6 provide 9 for
6 provide 14 on
6 provide 17 between
7 first 8 evidence
9 for 11 effects
10 nonadditive 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 13 age
14 on 16 relation
15 the 16 relation
17 between 21 and
18 complex 20 abilities
19 cognitive 20 abilities
20 abilities 21 and
21 and 24 connectivity
21 and 25 of
22 the 24 connectivity
23 structural 24 connectivity
25 of 29 homologs
26 mid 27 -
26 mid 28 dlpfc
28 dlpfc 29 homologs

importance : this article provides new data on a controversial issue , the influence of doses on the diffusion characteristics of 2 botulinum toxins type [a] [.] objective to assess the fields of effect of abobotulinumtoxina and onabotulinumtoxina at the same labeled unit dose ( 1:1 [u] ) comparing sweat gland and muscle activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
2 : 4 article
2 : 5 provides
3 this 4 article
4 article 5 provides
5 provides 52 and
6 new 7 data
7 data 8 on
7 data 12 ,
8 on 11 issue
9 a 10 controversial
9 a 11 issue
10 controversial 11 issue
12 , 51 gland
12 , 52 and
13 the 14 influence
14 influence 15 of
14 influence 37 and
15 of 16 doses
16 doses 17 on
16 doses 20 characteristics
16 doses 30 assess
17 on 19 diffusion
18 the 19 diffusion
20 characteristics 21 of
20 characteristics 30 assess
21 of 29 to
22 2 24 toxins
23 botulinum 24 toxins
24 toxins 25 type
25 type 29 to
28 objective 29 to
30 assess 32 fields
31 the 32 fields
32 fields 33 of
33 of 34 effect
34 effect 35 of
35 of 36 abobotulinumtoxina
37 and 38 onabotulinumtoxina
37 and 39 at
37 and 49 comparing
39 at 44 dose
40 the 41 same
40 the 44 dose
42 labeled 43 unit
43 unit 44 dose
44 dose 46 1:1
45 ( 46 1:1
46 1:1 48 )
49 comparing 51 gland
50 sweat 51 gland
52 and 54 activity
53 muscle 54 activity

design , setting , and participants : a prospective , single - center , randomized , double - blind study was conducted at the brazilian center for studies in dermatology in porto alegre , brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
5 and 6 participants
6 participants 7 :
7 : 11 single
8 a 11 single
9 prospective 10 ,
9 prospective 11 single
12 - 13 center
12 - 14 ,
12 - 34 ,
14 , 20 study
14 , 22 conducted
15 randomized 16 ,
15 randomized 20 study
17 double 18 -
17 double 20 study
19 blind 20 study
20 study 21 was
21 was 22 conducted
22 conducted 23 at
22 conducted 27 for
22 conducted 29 in
22 conducted 31 in
23 at 26 center
24 the 25 brazilian
25 brazilian 26 center
27 for 28 studies
29 in 30 dermatology
31 in 33 alegre
32 porto 33 alegre
34 , 35 brazil

the participants included 19 women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 the 2 participants
2 participants 3 included
3 included 5 women
4 19 5 women

interventions : each patient received 2 [u] of abobotulinumtoxina on one side of the forehead and 2 [u] of onabotulinumtoxina on the other side . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patient
2 : 5 received
2 : 16 and
2 : 25 .
3 each 4 patient
4 patient 5 received
5 received 6 2
5 received 10 on
6 2 8 of
8 of 9 abobotulinumtoxina
10 on 12 side
11 one 12 side
12 side 13 of
13 of 15 forehead
14 the 15 forehead
16 and 17 2
16 and 24 side
17 2 19 of
17 2 24 side
19 of 20 onabotulinumtoxina
20 onabotulinumtoxina 21 on
21 on 23 other
22 the 23 other

main outcomes and measures : horizontal and vertical diameter and area of the fields of anhidrotic effect , the amplitude of evoked compound muscle action potentials , and the 4 [-] point validated wrinkle severity scale were assessed at 28 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 main 4 measures
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 :
5 : 28 and
6 horizontal 7 and
7 and 9 diameter
7 and 10 and
8 vertical 9 diameter
10 and 11 area
10 and 12 of
10 and 15 of
10 and 20 amplitude
10 and 28 and
12 of 14 fields
13 the 14 fields
15 of 17 effect
16 anhidrotic 17 effect
18 , 20 amplitude
19 the 20 amplitude
20 amplitude 21 of
20 amplitude 27 ,
21 of 26 potentials
22 evoked 26 potentials
23 compound 26 potentials
24 muscle 25 action
25 action 26 potentials
27 , 28 and
28 and 32 point
28 and 34 wrinkle
28 and 38 assessed
29 the 32 point
30 4 32 point
33 validated 34 wrinkle
34 wrinkle 36 scale
34 wrinkle 37 were
34 wrinkle 38 assessed
35 severity 36 scale
36 scale 37 were
38 assessed 39 at
39 at 41 days
40 28 41 days

results : the horizontal and vertical diameters of the fields of effect and the areas were significantly larger for onabotulinumtoxina than those obtained for abobotulinumtoxina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 diameters
3 the 7 diameters
4 horizontal 5 and
5 and 6 vertical
5 and 7 diameters
7 diameters 8 of
8 of 10 fields
9 the 10 fields
10 fields 11 of
11 of 12 effect
13 and 15 areas
13 and 16 were
14 the 15 areas
15 areas 16 were
16 were 18 larger
17 significantly 18 larger
18 larger 19 for
18 larger 21 than
18 larger 24 for
19 for 20 onabotulinumtoxina
21 than 22 those
22 those 23 obtained
24 for 25 abobotulinumtoxina

there were no significant differences between the products in the wrinkle severity scale scores and evoked compound muscle action potentials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 between
6 between 15 and
7 the 8 products
8 products 9 in
8 products 15 and
9 in 12 severity
10 the 12 severity
11 wrinkle 12 severity
12 severity 13 scale
12 severity 14 scores
13 scale 14 scores
15 and 20 potentials
16 evoked 17 compound
17 compound 18 muscle
18 muscle 19 action
19 action 20 potentials

onabotulinumtoxina had significantly more diffusion than abobotulinumtoxina when isovolumetric injections of the same labeled unit dose of the products were injected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 onabotulinumtoxina
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 onabotulinumtoxina 2 had
2 had 5 diffusion
2 had 6 than
2 had 8 when
3 significantly 4 more
4 more 5 diffusion
6 than 7 abobotulinumtoxina
8 when 10 injections
8 when 21 injected
9 isovolumetric 10 injections
10 injections 11 of
10 injections 20 were
11 of 16 dose
12 the 13 same
13 same 16 dose
14 labeled 15 unit
15 unit 16 dose
16 dose 17 of
17 of 19 products
18 the 19 products
20 were 21 injected

conclusions and relevance although many studies state that diffusion [is] product dependent and abobotulinumtoxina diffuses more than onabotulinumtoxina , findings from the present study confirm that diffusion is dose dependent and the more potent dose tested diffuses more . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 although
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 diffuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
3 relevance 4 although
4 although 6 studies
4 although 7 state
4 although 15 diffuses
5 many 6 studies
6 studies 7 state
7 state 11 product
7 state 13 and
8 that 11 product
9 diffusion 11 product
12 dependent 13 and
13 and 14 abobotulinumtoxina
15 diffuses 16 more
15 diffuses 17 than
17 than 20 findings
17 than 29 dose
17 than 30 dependent
18 onabotulinumtoxina 19 ,
18 onabotulinumtoxina 20 findings
20 findings 21 from
20 findings 25 confirm
21 from 24 study
22 the 24 study
23 present 24 study
25 confirm 27 diffusion
25 confirm 29 dose
26 that 27 diffusion
27 diffusion 28 is
28 is 29 dose
31 and 35 dose
31 and 37 diffuses
32 the 35 dose
33 more 34 potent
34 potent 35 dose
35 dose 36 tested
35 dose 37 diffuses
37 diffuses 38 more

trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01732809 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identifier
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 trial 2 registration
2 registration 4 identifier
3 clinicaltrials.gov 4 identifier
4 identifier 5 :
5 : 6 nct01732809

[none] cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) is cerebrovascular amyloid deposition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 angiopathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
2 cerebral 4 angiopathy
3 amyloid 4 angiopathy
4 angiopathy 6 caa
4 angiopathy 8 is
5 ( 6 caa
6 caa 7 )
8 is 11 deposition
9 cerebrovascular 11 deposition
10 amyloid 11 deposition

it is classified into several types according to the cerebrovascular amyloid proteins involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 classified
3 classified 4 into
3 classified 8 to
4 into 6 types
5 several 6 types
7 according 8 to
8 to 12 proteins
9 the 12 proteins
10 cerebrovascular 12 proteins
11 amyloid 12 proteins
12 proteins 13 involved

sporadic amyloid β - protein ( aβ ) - type caa is commonly found in elderly individuals and patients with alzheimer disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 caa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 sporadic 11 caa
2 amyloid 11 caa
3 β 5 protein
3 β 9 -
3 β 10 type
4 - 5 protein
5 protein 7 aβ
5 protein 9 -
6 ( 7 aβ
7 aβ 8 )
10 type 11 caa
11 caa 12 is
12 is 14 found
13 commonly 14 found
14 found 15 in
14 found 20 with
15 in 18 and
16 elderly 17 individuals
17 individuals 18 and
18 and 19 patients
20 with 22 disease
21 alzheimer 22 disease

caa - related disorders include hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 caa 2 -
1 caa 4 disorders
3 related 4 disorders
4 disorders 5 include
5 include 10 and
6 hemorrhagic 7 and
7 and 9 stroke
7 and 10 and
8 ischemic 9 stroke
10 and 11 dementia

caa - related hemorrhages include intracerebral lobar macrohemorrhages , cortical microhemorrhages , and focal subarachnoidal hemorrhages/superficial siderosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hemorrhages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 caa 2 -
1 caa 4 hemorrhages
3 related 4 hemorrhages
4 hemorrhages 5 include
5 include 13 and
6 intracerebral 8 macrohemorrhages
7 lobar 8 macrohemorrhages
8 macrohemorrhages 9 ,
9 , 11 microhemorrhages
9 , 13 and
10 cortical 11 microhemorrhages
12 , 13 and
13 and 17 siderosis
14 focal 17 siderosis
15 subarachnoidal 17 siderosis
16 hemorrhages/superficial 17 siderosis

caa - associated vasculopathies , such as microaneurysmal formation with fibrinoid necrosis , underlie such cerebrovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 vasculopathies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 underlie
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 caa 2 -
1 caa 4 vasculopathies
3 associated 4 vasculopathies
4 vasculopathies 7 as
4 vasculopathies 14 underlie
5 , 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 9 formation
7 as 13 ,
8 microaneurysmal 9 formation
9 formation 10 with
10 with 12 necrosis
11 fibrinoid 12 necrosis
14 underlie 17 events
15 such 17 events
16 cerebrovascular 17 events

sensitive magnetic resonance imaging procedures , such as gradient [-] echo t2* imaging and susceptibility - weighted images , are useful to detect microhemorrhagic lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 procedures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 detect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 sensitive 3 resonance
2 magnetic 3 resonance
3 resonance 5 procedures
4 imaging 5 procedures
5 procedures 8 as
5 procedures 18 images
5 procedures 20 are
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 14 and
8 as 16 -
9 gradient 13 imaging
11 echo 13 imaging
12 t2* 13 imaging
13 imaging 14 and
14 and 15 susceptibility
16 - 18 images
17 weighted 18 images
18 images 19 ,
20 are 21 useful
21 useful 22 to
21 useful 23 detect
22 to 23 detect
23 detect 25 lesions
24 microhemorrhagic 25 lesions

amyloid images with amyloid - binding positron emission tomography ligands can detect caa , although they cannot discriminate [vascular] from parenchymal amyloid deposits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 images
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 detect
1 amyloid 2 images
2 images 3 with
2 images 11 can
3 with 8 emission
4 amyloid 5 -
4 amyloid 7 positron
6 binding 7 positron
7 positron 8 emission
8 emission 9 tomography
8 emission 10 ligands
9 tomography 10 ligands
11 can 12 detect
12 detect 13 caa
12 detect 15 although
14 , 15 although
15 although 16 they
15 although 18 discriminate
15 although 24 .
16 they 17 cannot
17 cannot 18 discriminate
18 discriminate 20 from
20 from 23 deposits
21 parenchymal 23 deposits
22 amyloid 23 deposits

hemorrhage - inducing factors for sporadic aβ - type caa include apolipoprotein e [genotype] , thrombolytic , anticoagulation , and antiplatelet therapies , hypertension , minor head trauma , and antiamyloid therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 hemorrhage 8 -
1 hemorrhage 20 and
2 - 8 -
3 inducing 4 factors
3 inducing 5 for
3 inducing 8 -
5 for 7 aβ
6 sporadic 7 aβ
8 - 12 apolipoprotein
8 - 19 ,
9 type 12 apolipoprotein
10 caa 12 apolipoprotein
11 include 12 apolipoprotein
12 apolipoprotein 13 e
12 apolipoprotein 18 anticoagulation
15 , 18 anticoagulation
16 thrombolytic 17 ,
16 thrombolytic 18 anticoagulation
18 anticoagulation 19 ,
20 and 22 therapies
20 and 23 ,
21 antiplatelet 22 therapies
23 , 24 hypertension
23 , 25 ,
25 , 28 trauma
25 , 30 and
26 minor 27 head
27 head 28 trauma
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 therapies
31 antiamyloid 32 therapies

we need future strategies for protection of vessel walls against amyloid - related vascular damage , such as toxicity of aβ oligomers , aβ - induced oxidative stress , and inflammation , as well as development of antiamyloid therapies for caa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 we 2 need
2 need 4 strategies
2 need 5 for
3 future 4 strategies
5 for 6 protection
6 protection 7 of
7 of 9 walls
8 vessel 9 walls
9 walls 10 against
10 against 11 amyloid
12 - 13 related
13 related 15 damage
13 related 18 as
13 related 33 as
13 related 42 .
14 vascular 15 damage
16 , 18 as
17 such 18 as
18 as 30 and
18 as 32 ,
19 toxicity 20 of
19 toxicity 30 and
20 of 22 oligomers
21 aβ 22 oligomers
22 oligomers 24 aβ
23 , 24 aβ
24 aβ 28 stress
24 aβ 29 ,
25 - 28 stress
26 induced 28 stress
27 oxidative 28 stress
28 stress 29 ,
30 and 31 inflammation
33 as 34 well
34 well 35 as
34 well 37 of
35 as 36 development
37 of 39 therapies
38 antiamyloid 39 therapies
39 therapies 40 for
40 for 41 caa

importance : more than one - third of all us inpatient operations are performed on patients aged 65 years and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 one
2 : 6 -
3 more 4 than
4 than 5 one
6 - 12 operations
6 - 14 performed
6 - 22 .
7 third 12 operations
8 of 11 inpatient
8 of 12 operations
9 all 11 inpatient
10 us 11 inpatient
12 operations 13 are
13 are 14 performed
14 performed 15 on
14 performed 17 aged
15 on 16 patients
17 aged 20 and
18 65 19 years
19 years 20 and
20 and 21 older

existing preoperative risk assessment strategies are not adequate to meet the needs of the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 existing 5 strategies
2 preoperative 5 strategies
3 risk 5 strategies
4 assessment 5 strategies
5 strategies 6 are
6 are 7 not
6 are 8 adequate
7 not 8 adequate
8 adequate 9 to
9 to 10 meet
10 meet 12 needs
11 the 12 needs
12 needs 13 of
13 of 16 population
14 the 16 population
15 aging 16 population

objectives : to evaluate the relationship of a history [of] [falls] ( a geriatric syndrome ) to postoperative outcomes in older adults undergoing major elective operations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 27 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 relationship
4 evaluate 17 to
4 evaluate 20 in
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 of
7 of 9 history
8 a 9 history
9 history 15 syndrome
12 ( 15 syndrome
13 a 14 geriatric
13 a 15 syndrome
14 geriatric 15 syndrome
15 syndrome 16 )
17 to 19 outcomes
18 postoperative 19 outcomes
20 in 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 undergoing
23 undergoing 26 operations
24 major 26 operations
25 elective 26 operations

design , setting , and participants : this prospective , cohort study was conducted at a referral medical center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 participants
6 participants 7 :
7 : 9 prospective
8 this 9 prospective
10 , 12 study
10 , 14 conducted
11 cohort 12 study
12 study 13 was
13 was 14 conducted
14 conducted 15 at
15 at 19 center
16 a 17 referral
16 a 19 center
17 referral 19 center
18 medical 19 center

persons aged 65 years and older undergoing elective colorectal and cardiac operations were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 persons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 persons 2 aged
1 persons 7 undergoing
1 persons 13 were
2 aged 5 and
3 65 4 years
4 years 5 and
5 and 6 older
7 undergoing 12 operations
8 elective 12 operations
9 colorectal 10 and
10 and 11 cardiac
10 and 12 operations
13 were 14 enrolled

the predictor variable was having fallen in the 6 months prior to the operation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 variable
2 predictor 3 variable
3 variable 4 was
4 was 5 having
5 having 6 fallen
6 fallen 7 in
6 fallen 12 to
7 in 10 months
8 the 9 6
9 6 10 months
11 prior 12 to
12 to 14 operation
13 the 14 operation

main outcomes and measures : postoperative outcomes measured included 30 - day complications , the need for discharge institutionalization , and 30 - day readmission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 :
5 : 6 postoperative
6 postoperative 7 outcomes
6 postoperative 9 included
6 postoperative 16 need
7 outcomes 8 measured
7 outcomes 9 included
9 included 10 30
10 30 13 complications
11 - 13 complications
12 day 13 complications
13 complications 14 ,
14 , 16 need
15 the 16 need
16 need 17 for
16 need 20 ,
17 for 19 institutionalization
18 discharge 19 institutionalization
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 30
21 and 23 -
22 30 23 -
23 - 25 readmission
24 day 25 readmission

results : there were 235 subjects with a mean ( sd ) age of 74 ( 6 ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
2 : 20 .
3 there 4 were
4 were 6 subjects
4 were 7 with
5 235 6 subjects
7 with 13 age
7 with 19 years
8 a 9 mean
8 a 13 age
9 mean 11 sd
9 mean 13 age
10 ( 11 sd
11 sd 12 )
13 age 14 of
14 of 15 74
15 74 17 6
16 ( 17 6
17 6 18 )

preoperative falls [occurred] in 33 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 preoperative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 preoperative 2 falls
2 falls 4 in
4 in 6 %
5 33 6 %

one or more postoperative complications occurred more frequently in the group [with] prior [falls] compared with the nonfallers following both colorectal ( 59 % vs 25 % ; p = .004[!] [ )( cardiac ( 39 % vs 15 % [;] p = .002[!] ) operations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 one 2 or
2 or 3 more
2 or 5 complications
4 postoperative 5 complications
5 complications 6 occurred
6 occurred 7 more
6 occurred 8 frequently
6 occurred 9 in
9 in 13 prior
10 the 13 prior
11 group 13 prior
13 prior 15 compared
13 prior 24 %
15 compared 16 with
15 compared 21 colorectal
16 with 18 nonfallers
17 the 18 nonfallers
18 nonfallers 19 following
19 following 20 both
22 ( 24 %
23 59 24 %
24 % 25 vs
24 % 28 ;
25 vs 27 %
26 25 27 %
28 ; 29 p
29 p 30 =
30 = 46 operations
31 .004[!] 46 operations
34 cardiac 37 %
34 cardiac 45 )
34 cardiac 46 operations
35 ( 37 %
36 39 37 %
37 % 38 vs
37 % 45 )
38 vs 40 %
39 15 40 %
40 % 43 =
42 p 43 =
43 = 44 .002[!]

these findings were [independent] of advancing chronologic age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 were
3 were 5 of
5 of 6 advancing
6 advancing 8 age
7 chronologic 8 age

the need for discharge to an institutional care facility occurred more frequently in the group that had fallen in comparison with the nonfallers in both the colorectal ( 52 % vs 6 % [;] p < .001[!] ) and cardiac ( 62 % vs 32 % [;] p = .001[!] ) groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 the 2 need
2 need 3 for
2 need 39 and
3 for 4 discharge
4 discharge 5 to
4 discharge 19 in
5 to 8 care
6 an 7 institutional
6 an 8 care
7 institutional 8 care
8 care 9 facility
8 care 13 in
8 care 18 fallen
9 facility 10 occurred
10 occurred 12 frequently
10 occurred 13 in
11 more 12 frequently
14 the 15 group
15 group 16 that
15 group 17 had
15 group 18 fallen
16 that 17 had
19 in 20 comparison
20 comparison 21 with
21 with 23 nonfallers
22 the 23 nonfallers
23 nonfallers 24 in
23 nonfallers 30 %
24 in 25 both
25 both 26 the
25 both 27 colorectal
26 the 27 colorectal
28 ( 30 %
29 52 30 %
30 % 31 vs
30 % 38 )
31 vs 33 %
32 6 33 %
33 % 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 37 .001[!]
39 and 52 groups
40 cardiac 43 %
40 cardiac 52 groups
41 ( 43 %
42 62 43 %
43 % 44 vs
43 % 51 )
44 vs 46 %
45 32 46 %
46 % 49 =
48 p 49 =
49 = 50 .001[!]
49 = 51 )

similarly , 30 [-] day readmission was higher in the group with prior [falls] following both colorectal ( p = .04[!] ) and cardiac ( p = .02[!] ) operations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 readmission
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 6 readmission
3 30 5 day
5 day 6 readmission
6 readmission 7 was
7 was 8 higher
8 higher 9 in
8 higher 12 with
9 in 11 group
10 the 11 group
12 with 15 following
12 with 30 operations
13 prior 15 following
16 both 30 operations
17 colorectal 20 =
17 colorectal 23 and
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 .04[!]
20 = 22 )
23 and 24 cardiac
23 and 30 operations
24 cardiac 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 .02[!]
27 = 29 )

conclusions and relevance : a history of 1 or more falls in the 6 months prior to an operation forecasts increased postoperative complications , the need for discharge institutionalization , and 30 [-] day readmission across surgical specialties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 conclusions 3 relevance
1 conclusions 4 :
1 conclusions 11 falls
2 and 3 relevance
3 relevance 4 :
4 : 9 or
5 a 6 history
6 history 7 of
6 history 9 or
7 of 8 1
9 or 10 more
11 falls 12 in
12 in 15 months
13 the 14 6
14 6 15 months
15 months 20 forecasts
15 months 21 increased
16 prior 17 to
17 to 19 operation
17 to 20 forecasts
18 an 19 operation
20 forecasts 21 increased
21 increased 23 complications
22 postoperative 23 complications
24 , 31 and
25 the 26 need
26 need 27 for
26 need 31 and
27 for 29 institutionalization
28 discharge 29 institutionalization
30 , 31 and
31 and 35 readmission
31 and 36 across
32 30 34 day
34 day 35 readmission
36 across 38 specialties
37 surgical 38 specialties

using a history [of] prior falls in preoperative risk assessment for an older adult represents a shift from current preoperative assessment strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 using 5 prior
1 using 6 falls
2 a 3 history
2 a 5 prior
3 history 5 prior
6 falls 7 in
6 falls 18 from
7 in 9 risk
8 preoperative 9 risk
9 risk 10 assessment
9 risk 15 represents
10 assessment 11 for
10 assessment 15 represents
11 for 14 adult
12 an 14 adult
13 older 14 adult
15 represents 17 shift
16 a 17 shift
18 from 22 strategies
19 current 21 assessment
20 preoperative 21 assessment
21 assessment 22 strategies

context : studies examining whether vitamin d supplementation increases muscle [mass] or muscle [-] specific vitamin d receptor ( vdr ) concentration are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 studies
2 : 23 are
2 : 25 .
3 studies 4 examining
3 studies 23 are
4 examining 5 whether
5 whether 8 supplementation
5 whether 9 increases
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 8 supplementation
8 supplementation 9 increases
9 increases 22 concentration
10 muscle 12 or
12 or 18 receptor
12 or 20 vdr
12 or 22 concentration
13 muscle 18 receptor
15 specific 16 vitamin
16 vitamin 17 d
16 vitamin 18 receptor
19 ( 20 vdr
20 vdr 21 )
23 are 24 lacking

objective : our objective was to determine whether vitamin d₃ 4000 iu/d alters muscle fiber [cross] - sectional area ( fcsa [ )(and intramyonuclear vdr concentration over 4 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 determine
2 : 4 objective
2 : 5 was
3 our 4 objective
4 objective 5 was
5 was 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 whether
8 whether 12 iu/d
8 whether 13 alters
9 vitamin 12 iu/d
10 d₃ 12 iu/d
11 4000 12 iu/d
12 iu/d 13 alters
13 alters 15 fiber
14 muscle 15 fiber
15 fiber 19 area
17 - 19 area
18 sectional 19 area
19 area 23 )(and
19 area 30 .
20 ( 23 )(and
21 fcsa 23 )(and
23 )(and 26 concentration
23 )(and 27 over
23 )(and 30 .
24 intramyonuclear 26 concentration
25 vdr 26 concentration
27 over 29 months
28 4 29 months

design and setting : this was a randomized [,] double - blind , placebo - controlled study in a single center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 setting
4 : 5 this
4 : 6 was
4 : 15 -
4 : 22 .
5 this 6 was
6 was 14 placebo
7 a 14 placebo
8 randomized 14 placebo
10 double 11 -
10 double 14 placebo
12 blind 13 ,
12 blind 14 placebo
15 - 17 study
16 controlled 17 study
17 study 18 in
18 in 21 center
19 a 20 single
19 a 21 center
20 single 21 center

participants : participants were 21 mobility - limited women ( aged ≥ 65 years ) with serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin d ( 25ohd ) levels of 22.5 to 60 nmol/l . main outcome measures : baseline and 4 - month fcsa and intramyonuclear vdr were measured from vastus lateralis muscle cross [-] sections probed for muscle fiber type ( i/iia/iix ) and vdr using immunofluorescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 66 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 30 nmol/l
3 participants 4 were
4 were 6 mobility
4 were 16 with
5 21 6 mobility
6 mobility 9 women
7 - 9 women
8 limited 9 women
9 women 14 years
9 women 15 )
10 ( 14 years
11 aged 14 years
12 ≥ 14 years
13 65 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 with 17 serum
16 with 25 levels
17 serum 18 25
17 serum 20 hydroxyvitamin
19 - 20 hydroxyvitamin
20 hydroxyvitamin 21 d
20 hydroxyvitamin 23 25ohd
20 hydroxyvitamin 24 )
22 ( 23 25ohd
23 25ohd 24 )
25 levels 26 of
26 of 28 to
27 22.5 28 to
28 to 29 60
29 60 30 nmol/l
31 . 34 measures
31 . 37 and
32 main 33 outcome
33 outcome 34 measures
34 measures 35 :
35 : 36 baseline
37 and 38 4
37 and 39 -
38 4 39 -
39 - 62 and
40 month 41 fcsa
41 fcsa 42 and
42 and 43 intramyonuclear
42 and 44 vdr
42 and 45 were
42 and 46 measured
42 and 47 from
42 and 62 and
44 vdr 45 were
47 from 48 vastus
48 vastus 49 lateralis
48 vastus 58 type
48 vastus 60 i/iia/iix
49 lateralis 53 sections
49 lateralis 54 probed
49 lateralis 55 for
49 lateralis 58 type
50 muscle 53 sections
51 cross 53 sections
53 sections 54 probed
55 for 57 fiber
56 muscle 57 fiber
59 ( 60 i/iia/iix
60 i/iia/iix 61 )
62 and 63 vdr
62 and 64 using
64 using 65 immunofluorescence

by treatment group [,] percent change in intramyonuclear vdr concentration was 7.8 % ± 18.2 % ( placebo [ )( 29.7 % ± 11.7 [%] ( vd ; p = [.] 03 [ )(with a more pronounced group difference in type ii vs [i] fibers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 by 6 change
1 by 13 %
2 treatment 6 change
3 group 6 change
5 percent 6 change
7 in 9 vdr
7 in 13 %
8 intramyonuclear 9 vdr
9 vdr 10 concentration
9 vdr 11 was
10 concentration 11 was
12 7.8 13 %
13 % 14 ±
14 ± 16 %
15 18.2 16 %
16 % 23 ±
17 ( 23 ±
18 placebo 23 ±
21 29.7 22 %
22 % 23 ±
23 ± 24 11.7
23 ± 27 vd
23 ± 28 ;
26 ( 27 vd
27 vd 28 ;
28 ; 29 p
29 p 30 =
30 = 32 03
32 03 34 )(with
32 03 40 in
34 )(with 39 difference
35 a 39 difference
36 more 37 pronounced
37 pronounced 38 group
38 group 39 difference
40 in 41 type
41 type 42 ii
41 type 43 vs
43 vs 45 fibers

percent change in total ( type i/ii ) fcsa was - 7.4 % ± 18.9 % ( placebo [ )( 10.6 % ± 20.0 % [(] vd ; p = . 048 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 percent 2 change
2 change 3 in
2 change 10 was
3 in 9 fcsa
4 total 7 i/ii
4 total 9 fcsa
5 ( 7 i/ii
6 type 7 i/ii
7 i/ii 8 )
11 - 13 %
11 - 14 ±
11 - 28 ;
11 - 31 .
12 7.4 13 %
13 % 14 ±
14 ± 16 %
15 18.9 16 %
16 % 27 vd
17 ( 27 vd
18 placebo 23 ±
21 10.6 22 %
22 % 23 ±
23 ± 27 vd
24 20.0 25 %
25 % 27 vd
27 vd 28 ;
28 ; 29 p
28 ; 30 =
29 p 30 =
31 . 32 048
31 . 34 )(

conclusion : vitamin d₃ supplementation increased intramyonuclear vdr concentration by 30 % and increased muscle fiber size by 10 % in older , mobility - limited , vitamin d - insufficient women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 supplementation
3 vitamin 5 supplementation
4 d₃ 5 supplementation
5 supplementation 13 and
6 increased 9 concentration
6 increased 13 and
7 intramyonuclear 9 concentration
8 vdr 9 concentration
9 concentration 10 by
10 by 12 %
11 30 12 %
13 and 14 increased
13 and 18 by
13 and 21 in
13 and 32 women
14 increased 17 size
15 muscle 16 fiber
16 fiber 17 size
18 by 20 %
19 10 20 %
21 in 24 mobility
22 older 23 ,
22 older 24 mobility
24 mobility 26 limited
24 mobility 28 vitamin
25 - 26 limited
26 limited 27 ,
27 , 28 vitamin
28 vitamin 29 d
28 vitamin 30 -
31 insufficient 32 women

further work is needed to determine whether the observed effect of vitamin d on fiber size is mediated by the vdr and to identify [which] signaling pathways are involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 further 2 work
2 work 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 7 whether
7 whether 10 effect
7 whether 22 and
8 the 10 effect
9 observed 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
10 effect 17 is
11 of 12 vitamin
12 vitamin 13 d
12 vitamin 14 on
14 on 16 size
15 fiber 16 size
17 is 22 and
18 mediated 19 by
18 mediated 22 and
19 by 21 vdr
20 the 21 vdr
22 and 23 to
22 and 29 involved
23 to 24 identify
24 identify 26 signaling
26 signaling 27 pathways
26 signaling 28 are
27 pathways 28 are

context : ig superfamily member 1 ( igsf1 [ )(deficiency was recently discovered as a novel x - linked cause of central hypothyroidism ( ceh ) and macro - orchidism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 context 2 :
2 : 27 and
3 ig 5 member
4 superfamily 5 member
5 member 6 1
5 member 19 linked
5 member 27 and
7 ( 13 discovered
8 igsf1 10 )(deficiency
8 igsf1 11 was
8 igsf1 13 discovered
10 )(deficiency 11 was
12 recently 13 discovered
13 discovered 14 as
13 discovered 18 -
13 discovered 19 linked
14 as 16 novel
15 a 16 novel
16 novel 17 x
19 linked 20 cause
20 cause 21 of
21 of 23 hypothyroidism
22 central 23 hypothyroidism
23 hypothyroidism 25 ceh
24 ( 25 ceh
25 ceh 26 )
27 and 30 orchidism
28 macro 29 -
28 macro 30 orchidism

however , clinical and biochemical data regarding growth , puberty , and metabolic outcome , as well as features of female carriers , are scarce . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 data
3 clinical 4 and
4 and 5 biochemical
4 and 6 data
6 data 7 regarding
6 data 24 are
7 regarding 8 growth
7 regarding 18 as
8 growth 12 and
9 , 12 and
10 puberty 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 outcome
12 and 15 ,
13 metabolic 14 outcome
15 , 18 as
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 19 features
18 as 23 ,
19 features 20 of
20 of 22 carriers
21 female 22 carriers
24 are 25 scarce

objective : our objective was to investigate clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with igsf1 deficiency in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 objective
2 : 12 associated
2 : 19 .
3 our 4 objective
4 objective 5 was
5 was 6 to
5 was 12 associated
6 to 7 investigate
7 investigate 11 characteristics
8 clinical 9 and
9 and 10 biochemical
9 and 11 characteristics
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 16 in
13 with 15 deficiency
14 igsf1 15 deficiency
16 in 18 sexes
17 both 18 sexes

methods : all patients ( n = 42 , 24 males ) from 10 families examined in the university clinics of leiden , amsterdam , cambridge , and milan were included in this case series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 7 =
2 : 13 from
2 : 17 in
3 all 4 patients
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 42
8 42 11 males
9 , 11 males
10 24 11 males
11 males 12 )
13 from 15 families
14 10 15 families
15 families 16 examined
17 in 20 clinics
18 the 20 clinics
19 university 20 clinics
20 clinics 21 of
21 of 22 leiden
23 , 28 and
23 , 31 included
24 amsterdam 26 cambridge
24 amsterdam 28 and
25 , 26 cambridge
26 cambridge 27 ,
28 and 29 milan
28 and 30 were
30 were 31 included
31 included 32 in
32 in 35 series
33 this 35 series
34 case 35 series

detailed clinical data were collected with an identical protocol , and biochemical measurements were performed in a central laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 detailed 3 data
2 clinical 3 data
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 collected
5 collected 6 with
6 with 9 protocol
7 an 8 identical
7 an 9 protocol
8 identical 9 protocol
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 measurements
11 and 15 performed
12 biochemical 13 measurements
13 measurements 14 were
14 were 15 performed
15 performed 16 in
16 in 19 laboratory
17 a 18 central
17 a 19 laboratory
18 central 19 laboratory

results : male patients ( age 0 - 87 years , 17 index cases and 7 [from] family studies ) showed ceh ( 100 % ) , hypoprolactinemia ( n = 16 , 67 % ) , and transient partial gh deficiency ( n = 3 , 13 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 21 showed
2 : 51 .
3 male 4 patients
4 patients 6 age
4 patients 10 years
4 patients 21 showed
5 ( 6 age
6 age 7 0
6 age 8 -
8 - 10 years
9 87 10 years
10 years 15 and
10 years 20 )
11 , 15 and
12 17 14 cases
13 index 14 cases
14 cases 15 and
15 and 19 studies
15 and 20 )
16 7 19 studies
18 family 19 studies
21 showed 22 ceh
21 showed 38 and
22 ceh 25 %
22 ceh 28 hypoprolactinemia
23 ( 25 %
24 100 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 , 28 hypoprolactinemia
28 hypoprolactinemia 31 =
28 hypoprolactinemia 35 %
28 hypoprolactinemia 37 ,
29 ( 31 =
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 16
33 , 35 %
34 67 35 %
35 % 36 )
37 , 38 and
38 and 41 gh
38 and 42 deficiency
39 transient 41 gh
40 partial 41 gh
42 deficiency 45 =
42 deficiency 49 %
43 ( 45 =
44 n 45 =
45 = 46 3
47 , 49 %
48 13 49 %
49 % 50 )

pubertal testosterone production was delayed , [as] were the growth spurt and pubic hair development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 production
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 delayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 pubertal 3 production
2 testosterone 3 production
3 production 4 was
4 was 5 delayed
6 , 8 were
8 were 12 and
9 the 11 spurt
10 growth 11 spurt
11 spurt 12 and
12 and 15 development
13 pubic 14 hair
14 hair 15 development

however , testicular growth started at a normal age and attained macro - orchid size in all evaluable adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 growth
3 testicular 4 growth
4 growth 10 and
5 started 6 at
5 started 10 and
6 at 9 age
7 a 8 normal
7 a 9 age
8 normal 9 age
10 and 11 attained
11 attained 15 size
11 attained 16 in
12 macro 13 -
12 macro 14 orchid
14 orchid 15 size
16 in 19 adults
17 all 19 adults
18 evaluable 19 adults

body mass index , percent fat , and waist circumference tended to be elevated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 body 3 index
2 mass 3 index
4 , 8 and
4 , 11 tended
5 percent 6 fat
6 fat 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 circumference
8 and 11 tended
9 waist 10 circumference
11 tended 12 to
11 tended 14 elevated
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 elevated

the metabolic syndrome was present in 4 of 5 patients over 55 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 syndrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 syndrome
2 metabolic 3 syndrome
3 syndrome 4 was
4 was 5 present
5 present 6 in
5 present 11 over
6 in 7 4
7 4 8 of
8 of 10 patients
9 5 10 patients
11 over 13 years
12 55 13 years
13 years 14 of
14 of 15 age

heterozygous female carriers ( age 32 - 80 years ) showed ceh in 6 of 18 cases ( 33 % ) , hypoprolactinemia in 2 ( 11 % ) , and gh deficiency in none . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 carriers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 heterozygous 3 carriers
2 female 3 carriers
3 carriers 9 years
3 carriers 11 showed
4 ( 9 years
5 age 9 years
6 32 7 -
7 - 8 80
7 - 9 years
9 years 10 )
11 showed 12 ceh
11 showed 31 and
11 showed 34 in
12 ceh 13 in
13 in 14 6
14 6 15 of
14 6 20 %
14 6 23 hypoprolactinemia
15 of 17 cases
16 18 17 cases
18 ( 20 %
19 33 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 , 23 hypoprolactinemia
23 hypoprolactinemia 24 in
23 hypoprolactinemia 30 ,
24 in 25 2
25 2 28 %
26 ( 28 %
27 11 28 %
28 % 29 )
31 and 32 gh
31 and 33 deficiency
34 in 35 none

as in men , body mass index [,] percent fat , and waist circumference were relatively high , and the metabolic syndrome was present in 3 cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 as 2 in
1 as 4 ,
1 as 12 and
2 in 3 men
5 body 10 fat
6 mass 10 fat
7 index 10 fat
9 percent 10 fat
10 fat 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 circumference
12 and 15 were
13 waist 14 circumference
15 were 16 relatively
15 were 17 high
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 syndrome
19 and 23 was
20 the 22 syndrome
21 metabolic 22 syndrome
22 syndrome 23 was
23 was 24 present
24 present 25 in
25 in 27 cases
26 3 27 cases

conclusion : in male patients , [the] x - linked igsf1 deficiency [syndrome] is characterized by ceh , hypoprolactinemia , delayed puberty , macro - orchidism , and increased body weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 12 deficiency
2 : 15 characterized
2 : 18 ,
2 : 20 ,
3 in 5 patients
3 in 12 deficiency
4 male 5 patients
5 patients 8 x
6 , 8 x
8 x 9 -
10 linked 12 deficiency
11 igsf1 12 deficiency
12 deficiency 14 is
14 is 15 characterized
15 characterized 16 by
16 by 17 ceh
18 , 19 hypoprolactinemia
20 , 28 and
21 delayed 22 puberty
22 puberty 23 ,
23 , 26 orchidism
23 , 28 and
24 macro 25 -
24 macro 26 orchidism
27 , 28 and
28 and 31 weight
29 increased 30 body
30 body 31 weight

a subset of female carriers also exhibits ceh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exhibits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 a 2 subset
2 subset 3 of
2 subset 7 exhibits
3 of 5 carriers
4 female 5 carriers
6 also 7 exhibits
7 exhibits 8 ceh

the interaction between a functional apolipoprotein a2 gene ( apoa2 ) [variant] [and] saturated fatty acids ( sfas ) for the outcome [of] body mass index ( bmi ) is among the most widely replicated gene - nutrient interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
1 the 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 between
2 interaction 10 apoa2
2 interaction 14 saturated
3 between 8 gene
4 a 8 gene
5 functional 6 apolipoprotein
6 apolipoprotein 8 gene
7 a2 8 gene
9 ( 10 apoa2
10 apoa2 11 )
14 saturated 16 acids
14 saturated 20 for
15 fatty 16 acids
16 acids 18 sfas
17 ( 18 sfas
18 sfas 19 )
20 for 26 index
21 the 26 index
22 outcome 26 index
24 body 25 mass
25 mass 26 index
26 index 28 bmi
26 index 30 is
27 ( 28 bmi
28 bmi 29 )
30 is 31 among
31 among 36 gene
32 the 36 gene
33 most 34 widely
34 widely 35 replicated
35 replicated 36 gene
37 - 39 interactions
37 - 40 .
38 nutrient 39 interactions

whether this interaction can be extrapolated to food - based sources of sfas , specifically dairy foods , is unexplored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 whether 3 interaction
1 whether 5 be
1 whether 18 ,
2 this 3 interaction
3 interaction 4 can
4 can 5 be
6 extrapolated 7 to
6 extrapolated 15 specifically
6 extrapolated 17 foods
6 extrapolated 18 ,
7 to 8 food
8 food 11 sources
9 - 11 sources
10 based 11 sources
11 sources 12 of
11 sources 14 ,
12 of 13 sfas
16 dairy 17 foods
18 , 19 is
19 is 20 unexplored

cross - sectional analyses were performed in 2 u.s . population - based samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 cross 2 -
1 cross 4 analyses
3 sectional 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 were
5 were 6 performed
6 performed 7 in
7 in 9 u.s
8 2 9 u.s
10 . 11 population
10 . 12 -
12 - 14 samples
12 - 15 .
13 based 14 samples

we evaluated interactions between dairy foods and apoa2 - 265 t > c ( rs5082 ) for bmi in the boston puerto rican health study ( n = 955 ) and tested [for] replication in the genetics of lipid lowering drugs and diet network ( goldn ) study ( n = 1116 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 3 interactions
3 interactions 4 between
3 interactions 17 for
4 between 7 and
5 dairy 6 foods
6 foods 7 and
7 and 8 apoa2
7 and 9 -
7 and 12 >
7 and 15 rs5082
9 - 12 >
10 265 11 t
11 t 12 >
12 > 13 c
14 ( 15 rs5082
15 rs5082 16 )
17 for 31 and
18 bmi 19 in
18 bmi 31 and
19 in 25 study
20 the 25 study
21 boston 22 puerto
22 puerto 23 rican
23 rican 24 health
24 health 25 study
25 study 28 =
26 ( 28 =
27 n 28 =
28 = 29 955
28 = 30 )
31 and 34 replication
31 and 35 in
32 tested 34 replication
35 in 37 genetics
36 the 37 genetics
37 genetics 38 of
37 genetics 42 and
37 genetics 48 study
37 genetics 51 =
38 of 39 lipid
40 lowering 41 drugs
41 drugs 42 and
42 and 46 goldn
42 and 48 study
43 diet 44 network
44 network 46 goldn
45 ( 46 goldn
46 goldn 47 )
49 ( 51 =
50 n 51 =
51 = 52 1116
51 = 53 )

dairy products were evaluated as total dairy [,] higher - fat dairy ( >1 [%] ) , and low - fat dairy ( ≤ 1 % [ )(in servings per day , dichotomized into high and low based on each population median and also as continuous variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 products
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 dairy 2 products
2 products 3 were
3 were 7 dairy
3 were 9 higher
4 evaluated 7 dairy
5 as 6 total
6 total 7 dairy
10 - 12 dairy
10 - 17 ,
11 fat 12 dairy
12 dairy 14 >1
13 ( 14 >1
14 >1 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 22 dairy
19 low 20 -
19 low 22 dairy
21 fat 22 dairy
22 dairy 29 servings
22 dairy 33 dichotomized
23 ( 29 servings
24 ≤ 29 servings
25 1 28 )(in
26 % 28 )(in
28 )(in 29 servings
29 servings 30 per
29 servings 32 ,
30 per 31 day
33 dichotomized 34 into
33 dichotomized 39 on
34 into 36 and
35 high 36 and
36 and 37 low
36 and 38 based
39 on 43 and
40 each 42 median
41 population 42 median
42 median 43 and
43 and 47 variables
43 and 48 .
44 also 46 continuous
45 as 46 continuous
46 continuous 47 variables

we identified a statistically significant interaction between the apoa2 - 265 t > c variant and higher - fat dairy food intake in the boston puerto ricans ( p - [interaction] = 0.028 ) and replicated this relation in the goldn study ( p - interaction = 0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 )(
1 we 35 and
2 identified 16 and
2 identified 30 -
2 identified 35 and
3 a 6 interaction
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 interaction
6 interaction 7 between
6 interaction 16 and
7 between 15 variant
8 the 15 variant
9 apoa2 13 >
9 apoa2 15 variant
10 - 11 265
11 265 12 t
12 t 13 >
13 > 14 c
16 and 22 intake
16 and 23 in
17 higher 18 -
17 higher 20 dairy
19 fat 20 dairy
20 dairy 22 intake
21 food 22 intake
23 in 27 ricans
24 the 27 ricans
25 boston 26 puerto
26 puerto 27 ricans
28 ( 30 -
29 p 30 -
30 - 32 =
30 - 34 )
32 = 33 0.028
35 and 36 replicated
35 and 39 in
36 replicated 38 relation
37 this 38 relation
39 in 42 study
40 the 42 study
41 goldn 42 study
42 study 44 p
43 ( 44 p
44 p 45 -
45 - 46 interaction
45 - 47 =
46 interaction 47 =
47 = 48 0.001

the results expand the understanding of the metabolic influence of dairy products , an important food group for which variable relations to body weight may be in part genetically based . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 expand
3 expand 5 understanding
4 the 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 9 influence
7 the 9 influence
8 metabolic 9 influence
9 influence 10 of
10 of 12 products
11 dairy 12 products
13 , 17 group
13 , 26 be
14 an 17 group
15 important 16 food
16 food 17 group
17 group 18 for
17 group 26 be
18 for 19 which
18 for 21 relations
18 for 25 may
20 variable 21 relations
21 relations 22 to
21 relations 25 may
22 to 24 weight
23 body 24 weight
26 be 28 part
26 be 30 based
27 in 28 part
29 genetically 30 based

moreover , these findings suggest that other strongly demonstrated gene [-] nutrient relations might be investigated through appropriate food - based , translatable avenues and may be relevant to dietary management of obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 13 relations
6 that 15 be
7 other 13 relations
8 strongly 9 demonstrated
9 demonstrated 10 gene
10 gene 12 nutrient
12 nutrient 13 relations
13 relations 14 might
14 might 15 be
15 be 25 and
16 investigated 17 through
16 investigated 21 based
16 investigated 24 avenues
16 investigated 25 and
17 through 19 food
18 appropriate 19 food
20 - 21 based
21 based 22 ,
23 translatable 24 avenues
25 and 26 may
26 may 27 be
27 be 28 relevant
28 relevant 29 to
29 to 31 management
30 dietary 31 management
31 management 32 of
32 of 33 obesity

posterior vitreous detachment ( pvd ) is a common phenomenon in the aging eye . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 detachment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 posterior 3 detachment
2 vitreous 3 detachment
3 detachment 5 pvd
3 detachment 7 is
4 ( 5 pvd
5 pvd 6 )
7 is 10 phenomenon
8 a 9 common
8 a 10 phenomenon
9 common 10 phenomenon
10 phenomenon 11 in
11 in 14 eye
12 the 14 eye
13 aging 14 eye

however , this may be complicated by persistent symptomatic vitreomacular adhesions that exert tractional forces on the macula ( vitreomacular traction ; vmt [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 )(
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 this
3 this 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 6 complicated
6 complicated 7 by
7 by 11 adhesions
8 persistent 11 adhesions
9 symptomatic 11 adhesions
10 vitreomacular 11 adhesions
11 adhesions 12 that
11 adhesions 13 exert
12 that 13 exert
13 exert 15 forces
13 exert 16 on
14 tractional 15 forces
16 on 18 macula
17 the 18 macula
18 macula 21 traction
19 ( 21 traction
20 vitreomacular 21 traction
21 traction 22 ;
22 ; 23 vmt

vmt itself may be associated with epiretinal membrane formation and the development of idiopathic macular holes ( imh ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vmt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 vmt 3 may
2 itself 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 10 and
7 epiretinal 8 membrane
8 membrane 9 formation
9 formation 10 and
10 and 12 development
10 and 13 of
11 the 12 development
13 of 16 holes
14 idiopathic 16 holes
15 macular 16 holes
16 holes 18 imh
17 ( 18 imh
18 imh 19 )

such pathologies may cause visual disturbances , including metamorphopsia , photopsia , blurred vision , and decreased visual acuity , which impact an individual 's quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 such 2 pathologies
2 pathologies 16 and
3 may 4 cause
3 may 16 and
4 cause 6 disturbances
4 cause 8 including
5 visual 6 disturbances
7 , 8 including
8 including 14 vision
8 including 15 ,
9 metamorphopsia 10 ,
9 metamorphopsia 14 vision
11 photopsia 12 ,
11 photopsia 14 vision
13 blurred 14 vision
16 and 17 decreased
16 and 19 acuity
18 visual 19 acuity
20 , 21 which
20 , 22 impact
21 which 22 impact
22 impact 26 quality
23 an 24 individual
24 individual 25 's
25 's 26 quality
26 quality 27 of
27 of 28 life

technologies such as optical coherence tomography allow an increasingly more accurate visualisation of the macular anatomy , including quantification of macular hole characteristics , and this facilitates treatment [decision] - making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 technologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 technologies 3 as
1 technologies 7 allow
2 such 3 as
3 as 6 tomography
4 optical 5 coherence
5 coherence 6 tomography
7 allow 12 visualisation
8 an 12 visualisation
9 increasingly 11 accurate
10 more 11 accurate
11 accurate 12 visualisation
12 visualisation 13 of
13 of 16 anatomy
14 the 16 anatomy
15 macular 16 anatomy
17 , 18 including
17 , 27 facilitates
18 including 19 quantification
18 including 27 facilitates
19 quantification 20 of
20 of 25 and
21 macular 22 hole
22 hole 23 characteristics
23 characteristics 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 this
27 facilitates 28 treatment
28 treatment 31 making
30 - 31 making
31 making 32 .

pars plana vitrectomy remains the primary treatment option for many patients with vmt or imh ; for the latter , peeling of the inner limiting membrane ( ilm ) of the retina has shown improved outcomes when compared with no ilm peeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 vitrectomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 pars 3 vitrectomy
2 plana 3 vitrectomy
3 vitrectomy 4 remains
4 remains 8 option
4 remains 9 for
4 remains 12 with
5 the 8 option
6 primary 7 treatment
7 treatment 8 option
9 for 11 patients
10 many 11 patients
12 with 14 or
13 vmt 14 or
14 or 15 imh
16 ; 21 peeling
16 ; 34 shown
17 for 19 latter
17 for 20 ,
17 for 21 peeling
18 the 19 latter
21 peeling 22 of
21 peeling 30 of
21 peeling 33 has
22 of 26 membrane
23 the 26 membrane
24 inner 26 membrane
25 limiting 26 membrane
26 membrane 28 ilm
27 ( 28 ilm
28 ilm 29 )
30 of 32 retina
31 the 32 retina
33 has 34 shown
34 shown 36 outcomes
34 shown 37 when
34 shown 39 with
35 improved 36 outcomes
37 when 38 compared
39 with 41 ilm
39 with 42 peeling
40 no 41 ilm

the development of narrow - gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy systems has improved the rate of visual recovery following surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 10 has
3 of 9 systems
4 narrow 5 -
4 narrow 6 gauge
6 gauge 9 systems
7 transconjunctival 8 vitrectomy
8 vitrectomy 9 systems
10 has 11 improved
11 improved 13 rate
12 the 13 rate
13 rate 14 of
14 of 16 recovery
15 visual 16 recovery
16 recovery 17 following
17 following 18 surgery

ocriplasmin , by degrading laminin and fibronectin at the vitreoretinal interface , may allow induction of pvd in a [non] [-] invasive manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ocriplasmin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 ocriplasmin 3 by
1 ocriplasmin 13 may
2 , 3 by
3 by 4 degrading
3 by 12 ,
4 degrading 6 and
4 degrading 8 at
5 laminin 6 and
6 and 7 fibronectin
8 at 11 interface
9 the 11 interface
10 vitreoretinal 11 interface
13 may 14 allow
14 allow 15 induction
14 allow 18 in
15 induction 16 of
16 of 17 pvd
18 in 23 manner
19 a 23 manner
22 invasive 23 manner

indeed , clinical studies have supported its use as an alternative to surgery in certain patient populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 4 studies
3 clinical 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 supported
6 supported 8 use
6 supported 9 as
6 supported 12 to
6 supported 14 in
7 its 8 use
9 as 11 alternative
10 an 11 alternative
12 to 13 surgery
14 in 17 populations
15 certain 17 populations
16 patient 17 populations

however , further research is still needed with respect to greater understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the development of vmt and imh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 research
3 further 4 research
4 research 5 is
5 is 6 still
5 is 8 with
5 is 10 to
6 still 7 needed
8 with 9 respect
10 to 12 understanding
11 greater 12 understanding
12 understanding 13 of
13 of 15 pathophysiology
14 the 15 pathophysiology
15 pathophysiology 16 underlying
15 pathophysiology 19 of
16 underlying 18 development
17 the 18 development
19 of 22 imh
20 vmt 21 and
21 and 22 imh

the retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) is [a] highly specialized cns tissue that plays crucial roles in retinal homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pigment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 specialized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 pigment
2 retinal 3 pigment
3 pigment 4 epithelium
3 pigment 8 is
3 pigment 11 specialized
4 epithelium 6 rpe
4 epithelium 8 is
5 ( 6 rpe
6 rpe 7 )
10 highly 11 specialized
11 specialized 13 tissue
12 cns 13 tissue
13 tissue 14 that
13 tissue 15 plays
14 that 15 plays
15 plays 17 roles
15 plays 18 in
16 crucial 17 roles
18 in 20 homeostasis
19 retinal 20 homeostasis

age - related morphological changes in the rpe have been associated with retinal degenerative disorders ; our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms , however , remains incomplete . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 5 changes
3 related 5 changes
4 morphological 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
5 changes 9 have
6 in 8 rpe
7 the 8 rpe
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 15 disorders
13 retinal 15 disorders
14 degenerative 15 disorders
16 ; 18 understanding
16 ; 27 remains
17 our 18 understanding
18 understanding 19 of
18 understanding 27 remains
19 of 23 mechanisms
20 the 23 mechanisms
21 underlying 23 mechanisms
22 molecular 23 mechanisms
24 , 25 however
25 however 26 ,
25 however 27 remains
27 remains 28 incomplete

here we report on a key role of klotho ( kl ) , an aging [-] suppressor gene , in retinal health and rpe physiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 report
3 report 4 on
3 report 20 in
4 on 7 role
5 a 7 role
6 key 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 9 klotho
9 klotho 11 kl
9 klotho 18 gene
10 ( 11 kl
11 kl 12 )
13 , 18 gene
14 an 18 gene
15 aging 17 suppressor
17 suppressor 18 gene
18 gene 19 ,
20 in 23 and
21 retinal 22 health
22 health 23 and
23 and 25 physiology
24 rpe 25 physiology

kl [(] - [/] - [ )(mice show rpe and photoreceptor degeneration , reduced pigment synthesis in the rpe , and impaired phagocytosis of the outer segment of the photoreceptors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 kl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
3 - 5 -
3 - 21 and
5 - 7 )(mice
7 )(mice 21 and
8 show 9 rpe
8 show 10 and
8 show 21 and
10 and 12 degeneration
11 photoreceptor 12 degeneration
12 degeneration 16 synthesis
13 , 16 synthesis
14 reduced 15 pigment
15 pigment 16 synthesis
16 synthesis 17 in
16 synthesis 20 ,
17 in 19 rpe
18 the 19 rpe
21 and 22 impaired
21 and 23 phagocytosis
23 phagocytosis 24 of
23 phagocytosis 28 of
24 of 27 segment
25 the 27 segment
26 outer 27 segment
28 of 30 photoreceptors
29 the 30 photoreceptors

klotho protein ( kl ) is expressed in primary cultured human rpe , and regulates pigment synthesis by increasing the expression of mitf ( microphthalmia transcription [factor] ) and tyr ( tyrosinase ) , two pivotal genes in melanogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
1 klotho 2 protein
2 protein 4 kl
2 protein 14 and
3 ( 4 kl
4 kl 5 )
6 is 7 expressed
6 is 14 and
7 expressed 8 in
8 in 12 rpe
9 primary 10 cultured
10 cultured 12 rpe
11 human 12 rpe
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 regulates
14 and 17 synthesis
16 pigment 17 synthesis
17 synthesis 18 by
17 synthesis 22 of
18 by 19 increasing
19 increasing 21 expression
20 the 21 expression
22 of 29 and
23 mitf 26 transcription
23 mitf 29 and
24 ( 26 transcription
25 microphthalmia 26 transcription
26 transcription 28 )
29 and 30 tyr
29 and 32 tyrosinase
29 and 37 genes
31 ( 32 tyrosinase
32 tyrosinase 33 )
34 , 37 genes
35 two 37 genes
36 pivotal 37 genes
37 genes 38 in
37 genes 40 .
38 in 39 melanogenesis

importantly , kl increases phagocytosis in cultured rpe by inducing gene expression of mertk/axl/tyro3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 kl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 3 kl
3 kl 4 increases
4 increases 5 phagocytosis
4 increases 6 in
4 increases 9 by
6 in 8 rpe
7 cultured 8 rpe
9 by 10 inducing
10 inducing 12 expression
11 gene 12 expression
12 expression 13 of
13 of 14 mertk/axl/tyro3

these effects of kl are mediated through camp - pka - dependent phosphorylation of transcription factor creb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 5 are
3 of 4 kl
5 are 6 mediated
6 mediated 7 through
7 through 13 phosphorylation
8 camp 10 pka
8 camp 13 phosphorylation
9 - 10 pka
10 pka 11 -
12 dependent 13 phosphorylation
13 phosphorylation 14 of
14 of 17 creb
15 transcription 17 creb
16 factor 17 creb

in cultured human rpe , kl increases the l - 3,4 [-] dihydroxyphenylalanine synthesis and [inhibits] vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) secretion from basal membrane by inhibiting igf - 1 signaling and vegf receptor 2 phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rpe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 cultured
2 cultured 4 rpe
3 human 4 rpe
5 , 6 kl
5 , 7 increases
6 kl 7 increases
7 increases 24 secretion
7 increases 25 from
7 increases 28 by
8 the 24 secretion
9 l 10 -
10 - 11 3,4
10 - 13 dihydroxyphenylalanine
13 dihydroxyphenylalanine 14 synthesis
14 synthesis 15 and
15 and 20 factor
15 and 22 vegf
15 and 24 secretion
17 vascular 19 growth
18 endothelial 19 growth
19 growth 20 factor
21 ( 22 vegf
22 vegf 23 )
25 from 27 membrane
26 basal 27 membrane
28 by 29 inhibiting
29 inhibiting 38 phosphorylation
30 igf 38 phosphorylation
31 - 32 1
32 1 33 signaling
33 signaling 34 and
34 and 36 receptor
34 and 38 phosphorylation
35 vegf 36 receptor
36 receptor 37 2

kl also regulates the expression of stress - related genes in rpe , lowers the production of reactive oxygen species , and thereby [,] protects rpe from oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 kl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 kl 3 regulates
2 also 3 regulates
3 regulates 5 expression
4 the 5 expression
5 expression 6 of
6 of 7 stress
8 - 13 ,
8 - 30 .
9 related 10 genes
9 related 11 in
9 related 13 ,
11 in 12 rpe
13 , 22 and
14 lowers 16 production
14 lowers 22 and
15 the 16 production
16 production 17 of
17 of 20 species
18 reactive 19 oxygen
19 oxygen 20 species
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 protects
23 thereby 25 protects
25 protects 26 rpe
26 rpe 27 from
27 from 29 stress
28 oxidative 29 stress

together , our results demonstrate a critical function for kl in mouse retinal health [in] [vivo] , and a protective role toward human rpe cells in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 8 function
5 demonstrate 11 in
5 demonstrate 22 toward
5 demonstrate 27 vitro
6 a 8 function
7 critical 8 function
8 function 9 for
9 for 10 kl
11 in 18 and
12 mouse 14 health
13 retinal 14 health
14 health 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 role
19 a 20 protective
19 a 21 role
20 protective 21 role
22 toward 25 cells
23 human 25 cells
24 rpe 25 cells
26 in 27 vitro

we conclude that kl is an important regulator of rpe homeostasis , and propose that an age [-] dependent decline of kl expression may contribute to rpe degeneration and retinal pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 13 and
2 conclude 3 that
2 conclude 13 and
3 that 4 kl
3 that 5 is
4 kl 5 is
5 is 8 regulator
6 an 7 important
6 an 8 regulator
7 important 8 regulator
8 regulator 9 of
9 of 11 homeostasis
10 rpe 11 homeostasis
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 propose
13 and 26 to
14 propose 15 that
15 that 20 decline
15 that 25 contribute
16 an 17 age
16 an 20 decline
17 age 19 dependent
19 dependent 20 decline
20 decline 21 of
20 decline 24 may
21 of 23 expression
22 kl 23 expression
24 may 25 contribute
26 to 29 and
27 rpe 28 degeneration
28 degeneration 29 and
29 and 31 pathology
30 retinal 31 pathology

we used the self - concept enhancement tactician ( scent ) model to explore whether older norwegians and canadians would tactically [self] - [enhance] on qualities considered significant within their cultures in their self - perceptions of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 12 model
2 used 13 to
2 used 14 explore
3 the 12 model
4 self 10 scent
4 self 12 model
5 - 10 scent
6 concept 10 scent
7 enhancement 8 tactician
8 tactician 10 scent
9 ( 10 scent
10 scent 11 )
13 to 14 explore
14 explore 15 whether
14 explore 21 tactically
14 explore 25 on
14 explore 36 perceptions
15 whether 18 and
15 whether 20 would
16 older 17 norwegians
17 norwegians 18 and
18 and 19 canadians
18 and 20 would
23 - 25 on
25 on 26 qualities
25 on 35 -
26 qualities 27 considered
27 considered 28 significant
28 significant 29 within
28 significant 32 in
29 within 31 cultures
30 their 31 cultures
32 in 34 self
33 their 34 self
36 perceptions 37 of
37 of 38 aging

qualities were measured using the whoqol - bref and whoqol - old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 qualities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 qualities 2 were
2 were 3 measured
3 measured 4 using
4 using 12 old
5 the 12 old
6 whoqol 8 bref
7 - 8 bref
8 bref 9 and
9 and 10 whoqol
10 whoqol 12 old
11 - 12 old

self - perceptions of aging were measured by the attitudes to aging questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 perceptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 self 2 -
1 self 3 perceptions
3 perceptions 4 of
3 perceptions 6 were
4 of 5 aging
6 were 7 measured
7 measured 8 by
7 measured 11 to
8 by 10 attitudes
9 the 10 attitudes
11 to 13 questionnaire
12 aging 13 questionnaire

the study is a secondary analysis of data collected in a larger study ; 393 older norwegians and 202 older canadians were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 6 analysis
4 a 5 secondary
4 a 6 analysis
5 secondary 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
7 of 8 data
8 data 9 collected
9 collected 10 in
10 in 13 study
11 a 13 study
12 larger 13 study
14 ; 18 and
14 ; 23 included
15 393 17 norwegians
16 older 17 norwegians
17 norwegians 18 and
18 and 21 canadians
18 and 22 were
19 202 21 canadians
20 older 21 canadians
22 were 23 included

the norwegian and canadian group self - enhanced their perceptions of psychosocial loss based on harmonious social relationships and being part of a larger social group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 enhanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 norwegian
2 norwegian 3 and
3 and 6 self
3 and 7 -
3 and 8 enhanced
4 canadian 6 self
5 group 6 self
8 enhanced 10 perceptions
8 enhanced 15 on
9 their 10 perceptions
10 perceptions 11 of
11 of 13 loss
12 psychosocial 13 loss
13 loss 14 based
15 on 19 and
16 harmonious 17 social
17 social 18 relationships
18 relationships 19 and
19 and 21 part
19 and 22 of
20 being 21 part
22 of 26 group
23 a 26 group
24 larger 26 group
25 social 26 group

for [self] - perceptions of physical change , both groups [self] - enhanced on being [self] - sufficient and being part of a larger social group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 for 3 -
3 - 19 and
4 perceptions 5 of
4 perceptions 13 enhanced
4 perceptions 19 and
5 of 7 change
6 physical 7 change
7 change 10 groups
8 , 10 groups
9 both 10 groups
10 groups 12 -
13 enhanced 14 on
13 enhanced 17 -
13 enhanced 18 sufficient
14 on 15 being
19 and 21 part
19 and 22 of
19 and 26 group
20 being 21 part
22 of 25 social
23 a 25 social
24 larger 25 social

our findings suggest that norwegians and canadians are not highly individualistic people and also provide evidence of a bicultural self - perception of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 13 and
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 13 and
4 that 6 and
4 that 8 are
5 norwegians 6 and
6 and 7 canadians
6 and 8 are
8 are 9 not
8 are 12 people
10 highly 11 individualistic
11 individualistic 12 people
13 and 15 provide
14 also 15 provide
15 provide 16 evidence
16 evidence 17 of
17 of 20 self
18 a 19 bicultural
18 a 20 self
19 bicultural 20 self
21 - 22 perception
22 perception 23 of
23 of 24 aging

nurses should consider how [cultural] and individual perspectives affect the care priorities of older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nurses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 nurses 2 should
2 should 3 consider
3 consider 6 and
3 consider 12 priorities
4 how 6 and
6 and 7 individual
6 and 8 perspectives
6 and 9 affect
8 perspectives 9 affect
9 affect 11 care
10 the 11 care
12 priorities 13 of
13 of 15 people
14 older 15 people

this article explores the influence of health literacy on medication [adherence] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 explores
3 explores 5 influence
3 explores 9 on
4 the 5 influence
5 influence 6 of
6 of 8 literacy
7 health 8 literacy
9 on 10 medication

with health literacy skills nearly flat for over a decade and an aging population receiving multiple and complex medication regimens , literacy is becoming a more important factor in nursing assessment and intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 literacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 with 11 and
1 with 22 literacy
2 health 4 skills
3 literacy 4 skills
4 skills 6 flat
4 skills 11 and
5 nearly 6 flat
6 flat 7 for
7 for 10 decade
8 over 10 decade
9 a 10 decade
11 and 14 population
12 an 14 population
13 aging 14 population
15 receiving 17 and
15 receiving 20 regimens
15 receiving 21 ,
15 receiving 22 literacy
16 multiple 17 and
17 and 18 complex
19 medication 20 regimens
22 literacy 23 is
23 is 24 becoming
24 becoming 28 factor
24 becoming 29 in
25 a 28 factor
26 more 27 important
27 important 28 factor
29 in 32 and
30 nursing 31 assessment
31 assessment 32 and
32 and 33 intervention

concrete tools are provided to help the clinical nurse specialist ( cns ) assess literacy and evaluate written resources for patient education and to improve medication [adherence] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tools
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 concrete 2 tools
2 tools 3 are
3 are 4 provided
4 provided 5 to
5 to 16 and
6 help 10 specialist
6 help 14 assess
6 help 16 and
7 the 10 specialist
8 clinical 9 nurse
9 nurse 10 specialist
10 specialist 12 cns
11 ( 12 cns
12 cns 13 )
14 assess 15 literacy
16 and 23 and
17 evaluate 19 resources
17 evaluate 23 and
18 written 19 resources
19 resources 20 for
20 for 22 education
21 patient 22 education
23 and 24 to
23 and 25 improve
24 to 25 improve
25 improve 26 medication

background/aims : this study aimed to investigate whether the serial position effects in memory can differentiate patients with different [subtypes] [of] mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) from healthy controls and patients with different stages of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 background/aims 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 18 with
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
5 aimed 8 whether
6 to 7 investigate
8 whether 12 effects
8 whether 16 differentiate
9 the 12 effects
10 serial 12 effects
11 position 12 effects
12 effects 13 in
12 effects 15 can
13 in 14 memory
15 can 16 differentiate
16 differentiate 17 patients
18 with 24 impairment
18 with 28 from
19 different 24 impairment
22 mild 24 impairment
23 cognitive 24 impairment
24 impairment 26 mci
25 ( 26 mci
26 mci 27 )
28 from 31 and
29 healthy 30 controls
30 controls 31 and
31 and 32 patients
31 and 33 with
31 and 36 of
33 with 35 stages
34 different 35 stages
36 of 39 disease
37 alzheimer 38 's
38 's 39 disease
39 disease 41 ad
40 ( 41 ad
41 ad 42 )

methods : the serial position effects [was] tested with the cerad word list task in 184 persons ( 39 healthy control subjects , 15 amnestic [mci] single domain subjects [,] 23 amnestic [mci] multiple domain subjects [,] 31 nonamnestic [mci] subjects , 45 early or mild ad patients , and 31 moderate ad patients ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 effects
2 : 14 task
3 the 6 effects
4 serial 5 position
5 position 6 effects
6 effects 8 tested
6 effects 9 with
6 effects 14 task
9 with 13 list
10 the 13 list
11 cerad 13 list
12 word 13 list
14 task 15 in
14 task 24 15
15 in 17 persons
16 184 17 persons
17 persons 22 subjects
18 ( 22 subjects
19 39 22 subjects
20 healthy 22 subjects
21 control 22 subjects
22 subjects 23 ,
24 15 35 domain
24 15 36 subjects
25 amnestic 28 domain
27 single 28 domain
28 domain 35 domain
29 subjects 35 domain
31 23 35 domain
32 amnestic 35 domain
34 multiple 35 domain
35 domain 36 subjects
36 subjects 41 subjects
38 31 41 subjects
39 nonamnestic 41 subjects
41 subjects 50 and
42 , 50 and
43 45 48 patients
44 early 45 or
45 or 46 mild
45 or 48 patients
47 ad 48 patients
48 patients 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 54 patients
50 and 55 )
50 and 56 .
51 31 52 moderate
52 moderate 54 patients
53 ad 54 patients

results : with progression of dementia , memory deficits increased and the impairment in the primacy effect during the learning trials advanced , whereas the recall of recent items was less impaired . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 with
2 : 10 increased
3 with 4 progression
4 progression 5 of
5 of 9 deficits
6 dementia 7 ,
6 dementia 8 memory
8 memory 9 deficits
11 and 13 impairment
11 and 30 was
12 the 13 impairment
13 impairment 14 in
13 impairment 18 during
13 impairment 22 advanced
14 in 17 effect
15 the 17 effect
16 primacy 17 effect
18 during 21 trials
19 the 21 trials
20 learning 21 trials
22 advanced 24 whereas
23 , 24 whereas
24 whereas 26 recall
25 the 26 recall
26 recall 27 of
26 recall 30 was
27 of 29 items
28 recent 29 items
30 was 32 impaired
31 less 32 impaired

the serial position profile of nonamnestic [mci] patients resembled that of healthy control subjects , whereas amnestic [mci] patients showed poorer performance in all 3 positions but no significant difference as a function [of] serial word position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 profile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 4 profile
2 serial 4 profile
3 position 4 profile
4 profile 5 of
4 profile 9 resembled
5 of 8 patients
6 nonamnestic 8 patients
9 resembled 10 that
9 resembled 16 whereas
10 that 11 of
11 of 14 subjects
12 healthy 14 subjects
13 control 14 subjects
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 19 patients
17 amnestic 19 patients
19 patients 20 showed
20 showed 22 performance
20 showed 23 in
20 showed 27 but
20 showed 31 as
21 poorer 22 performance
23 in 26 positions
24 all 25 3
25 3 26 positions
27 but 30 difference
28 no 30 difference
29 significant 30 difference
31 as 37 position
32 a 37 position
33 function 35 serial
35 serial 37 position
36 word 37 position

conclusion : analyses of the serial position effect may be a useful complement to clinical neuropsychological measures for distinguishing amnestic [mci] patients from normal aging and patients with different stages of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 10 be
3 analyses 4 of
3 analyses 9 may
4 of 8 effect
5 the 8 effect
6 serial 7 position
7 position 8 effect
9 may 10 be
10 be 13 complement
10 be 23 from
11 a 13 complement
12 useful 13 complement
13 complement 14 to
13 complement 18 for
14 to 17 measures
15 clinical 17 measures
16 neuropsychological 17 measures
18 for 19 distinguishing
19 distinguishing 22 patients
20 amnestic 22 patients
23 from 26 and
24 normal 25 aging
24 normal 26 and
26 and 27 patients
26 and 28 with
26 and 31 of
28 with 30 stages
29 different 30 stages
31 of 32 dementia

background : glycogenosis type ii ( gsdii or pompe disease ) is an autosomal recessive disease , often characterized by a progressive accumulation of glycogen within lysosomes caused by a deficiency of α - 1,4 - glucosidase ( gaa [;] acid maltase ) , a key enzyme of the glycogen degradation pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
2 : 4 type
2 : 17 ,
3 glycogenosis 4 type
4 type 5 ii
4 type 8 or
4 type 17 ,
6 ( 8 or
7 gsdii 8 or
8 or 10 disease
8 or 11 )
9 pompe 10 disease
12 is 16 disease
12 is 17 ,
13 an 14 autosomal
13 an 16 disease
14 autosomal 16 disease
15 recessive 16 disease
17 , 19 characterized
18 often 19 characterized
19 characterized 20 by
19 characterized 29 by
19 characterized 47 enzyme
20 by 23 accumulation
21 a 23 accumulation
22 progressive 23 accumulation
23 accumulation 24 of
24 of 25 glycogen
25 glycogen 26 within
26 within 27 lysosomes
27 lysosomes 28 caused
29 by 31 deficiency
30 a 31 deficiency
31 deficiency 32 of
32 of 33 α
33 α 35 1,4
33 α 37 glucosidase
34 - 35 1,4
35 1,4 36 -
36 - 37 glucosidase
37 glucosidase 42 maltase
37 glucosidase 44 ,
38 ( 42 maltase
39 gaa 41 acid
41 acid 42 maltase
42 maltase 43 )
45 a 47 enzyme
46 key 47 enzyme
47 enzyme 48 of
48 of 52 pathway
49 the 52 pathway
50 glycogen 51 degradation
51 degradation 52 pathway

to date , more than 326 different mutations in the gaa gene have been identified in patients with gsdii but the course of the disease is difficult to be predicted on the basis of molecular genetic changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 8 mutations
3 , 15 identified
3 , 20 but
4 more 5 than
5 than 6 326
6 326 8 mutations
7 different 8 mutations
8 mutations 9 in
8 mutations 13 have
9 in 12 gene
10 the 12 gene
11 gaa 12 gene
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 identified
15 identified 16 in
15 identified 18 with
16 in 17 patients
18 with 19 gsdii
20 but 22 course
20 but 30 predicted
21 the 22 course
22 course 23 of
22 course 26 is
23 of 25 disease
24 the 25 disease
26 is 27 difficult
27 difficult 28 to
28 to 29 be
29 be 30 predicted
30 predicted 31 on
31 on 33 basis
32 the 33 basis
33 basis 34 of
34 of 37 changes
35 molecular 37 changes
36 genetic 37 changes

studies on large informative families are advisable to better define [how] genetics and [non] genetics factors like exercise and diet may influence the clinical phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 studies 2 on
1 studies 6 are
2 on 5 families
3 large 5 families
4 informative 5 families
6 are 7 advisable
7 advisable 8 to
7 advisable 13 and
8 to 13 and
9 better 10 define
10 define 12 genetics
10 define 13 and
13 and 15 genetics
13 and 22 influence
16 factors 17 like
16 factors 19 and
17 like 18 exercise
19 and 20 diet
19 and 21 may
21 may 22 influence
22 influence 25 phenotype
23 the 25 phenotype
24 clinical 25 phenotype

methods and results : in this study , we report on clinical , instrumental , and pathological features as well as on molecular analysis of a family with 10 out of 13 siblings affected by late - onset pompe disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
3 results 4 :
4 : 5 in
5 in 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 report
9 we 10 report
10 report 11 on
10 report 19 as
11 on 18 features
12 clinical 13 ,
13 , 14 instrumental
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 pathological
16 and 18 features
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 22 on
22 on 24 analysis
23 molecular 24 analysis
24 analysis 25 of
24 analysis 31 of
25 of 27 family
26 a 27 family
27 family 28 with
28 with 29 10
30 out 31 of
31 of 32 13
32 13 33 siblings
32 13 34 affected
33 siblings 34 affected
34 affected 35 by
35 by 40 disease
36 late 37 -
36 late 38 onset
38 onset 40 disease
39 pompe 40 disease

three mutations segregated in the family [,] two of which are novel mutations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 three 2 mutations
2 mutations 3 segregated
2 mutations 11 are
3 segregated 4 in
4 in 6 family
5 the 6 family
6 family 8 two
6 family 9 of
9 of 10 which
11 are 13 mutations
12 novel 13 mutations

siblings showing a more severe phenotype were compound heterozygous for c.118c [>] t [ p.r40x ] and c.2647 - 7g > [a] [ [p.n882fs] []] on gaa , whereas [,] two patients showing a mild phenotype were compound heterozygous c.2647 - 7g > [a] [ p.n882fs []] and c.2276g [>] c [ p.g759 [a] ] mutations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 siblings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
1 siblings 2 showing
1 siblings 7 were
2 showing 6 phenotype
3 a 6 phenotype
4 more 5 severe
5 severe 6 phenotype
7 were 17 and
8 compound 9 heterozygous
8 compound 17 and
9 heterozygous 10 for
10 for 11 c.118c
11 c.118c 13 t
11 c.118c 15 p.r40x
14 [ 15 p.r40x
15 p.r40x 16 ]
17 and 18 c.2647
17 and 19 -
17 and 20 7g
17 and 21 >
20 7g 21 >
21 > 26 on
21 > 29 whereas
23 [ 26 on
26 on 27 gaa
26 on 28 ,
29 whereas 32 patients
29 whereas 37 were
31 two 32 patients
32 patients 33 showing
32 patients 37 were
33 showing 36 phenotype
34 a 35 mild
34 a 36 phenotype
35 mild 36 phenotype
37 were 38 compound
38 compound 42 7g
38 compound 43 >
38 compound 48 and
39 heterozygous 42 7g
40 c.2647 41 -
40 c.2647 42 7g
42 7g 43 >
45 [ 48 and
46 p.n882fs 48 and
48 and 49 c.2276g
48 and 56 mutations
48 and 57 .
49 c.2276g 51 c
52 [ 56 mutations
53 p.g759 55 ]
53 p.g759 56 mutations
56 mutations 57 .

quantitative expression analysis showed , in the patients carrying p.r40x/ p.n882fs , a significant ( [p] 0.01 ) correlation between the levels of expression of the mutated allele and the age [at] onset of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 quantitative 2 expression
2 expression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 showed
4 showed 6 in
4 showed 19 correlation
4 showed 20 between
5 , 6 in
6 in 8 patients
6 in 12 ,
7 the 8 patients
8 patients 9 carrying
9 carrying 11 p.n882fs
10 p.r40x/ 11 p.n882fs
13 a 14 significant
13 a 19 correlation
14 significant 17 0.01
14 significant 18 )
14 significant 19 correlation
15 ( 17 0.01
17 0.01 18 )
20 between 29 and
21 the 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
22 levels 29 and
23 of 24 expression
24 expression 25 of
25 of 28 allele
26 the 28 allele
27 mutated 28 allele
29 and 33 onset
30 the 33 onset
31 age 33 onset
33 onset 34 of
34 of 36 disease
35 the 36 disease

conclusions : as far as we know , this is the largest informative family with late - onset pompe disease described in the literature showing a peculiar complex set of mutations of gaa [gene] that may partially elucidate the clinical heterogeneity of this family . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 know
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 far
2 : 5 as
3 as 4 far
5 as 6 we
5 as 7 know
6 we 7 know
8 , 9 this
8 , 10 is
9 this 10 is
10 is 14 family
11 the 12 largest
11 the 14 family
13 informative 14 family
14 family 15 with
14 family 21 described
15 with 20 disease
16 late 17 -
16 late 18 onset
18 onset 20 disease
19 pompe 20 disease
21 described 22 in
22 in 24 literature
23 the 24 literature
24 literature 25 showing
25 showing 28 complex
25 showing 35 that
25 showing 38 elucidate
26 a 28 complex
27 peculiar 28 complex
28 complex 29 set
28 complex 30 of
30 of 31 mutations
31 mutations 32 of
32 of 33 gaa
35 that 36 may
36 may 38 elucidate
37 partially 38 elucidate
38 elucidate 41 heterogeneity
39 the 41 heterogeneity
40 clinical 41 heterogeneity
41 heterogeneity 42 of
42 of 44 family
43 this 44 family

the sexes often have different phenotypic optima for important life - history traits , and because of a largely shared genome this can lead to a conflict over trait expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sexes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 sexes
2 sexes 4 have
3 often 4 have
4 have 7 optima
5 different 7 optima
6 phenotypic 7 optima
7 optima 8 for
8 for 10 life
9 important 10 life
10 life 13 traits
11 - 13 traits
12 history 13 traits
13 traits 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 22 this
15 and 24 lead
16 because 17 of
16 because 22 this
17 of 21 genome
18 a 19 largely
18 a 21 genome
19 largely 20 shared
20 shared 21 genome
22 this 23 can
23 can 24 lead
24 lead 25 to
24 lead 28 over
25 to 27 conflict
26 a 27 conflict
28 over 30 expression
29 trait 30 expression

in mammals , the [obligate] costs of reproduction are higher for females , making reproductive timing and rate especially liable to conflict between the sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
1 in 2 mammals
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 costs
4 the 6 costs
6 costs 7 of
6 costs 9 are
7 of 8 reproduction
9 are 10 higher
10 higher 11 for
11 for 12 females
12 females 14 making
13 , 14 making
14 making 17 and
14 making 20 liable
14 making 26 .
15 reproductive 16 timing
16 timing 17 and
17 and 18 rate
19 especially 20 liable
20 liable 21 to
21 to 22 conflict
22 conflict 23 between
23 between 25 sexes
24 the 25 sexes

while studies from wild vertebrates support such sexual conflict , it remains unexplored in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 while 2 studies
1 while 6 support
1 while 10 ,
1 while 11 it
2 studies 3 from
2 studies 6 support
3 from 5 vertebrates
4 wild 5 vertebrates
6 support 9 conflict
7 such 9 conflict
8 sexual 9 conflict
11 it 12 remains
12 remains 13 unexplored
13 unexplored 14 in
14 in 15 humans

we used a pedigreed human population from preindustrial finland to estimate sexual conflict over age at first and last reproduction , reproductive lifespan and reproductive rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 6 population
2 used 7 from
2 used 10 to
2 used 18 and
3 a 6 population
4 pedigreed 5 human
5 human 6 population
7 from 9 finland
8 preindustrial 9 finland
10 to 18 and
11 estimate 13 conflict
11 estimate 17 first
11 estimate 18 and
12 sexual 13 conflict
13 conflict 14 over
14 over 15 age
16 at 17 first
18 and 19 last
18 and 20 reproduction
21 , 24 and
22 reproductive 23 lifespan
23 lifespan 24 and
24 and 26 rate
25 reproductive 26 rate

we found that the phenotypic selection gradients differed between the sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 7 gradients
3 that 8 differed
4 the 7 gradients
5 phenotypic 6 selection
6 selection 7 gradients
7 gradients 8 differed
8 differed 9 between
9 between 11 sexes
10 the 11 sexes

we next established significant heritabilities in both sexes for all traits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 next
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 next
2 next 3 established
3 established 5 heritabilities
3 established 6 in
4 significant 5 heritabilities
6 in 8 sexes
7 both 8 sexes
8 sexes 9 for
9 for 11 traits
10 all 11 traits

all traits , [except] reproductive rate , showed strongly positive intersexual genetic correlations and were strongly genetically correlated with fitness in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 traits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 all 2 traits
3 , 6 rate
3 , 7 ,
5 reproductive 6 rate
7 , 14 and
8 showed 9 strongly
8 showed 13 correlations
8 showed 14 and
10 positive 13 correlations
11 intersexual 13 correlations
12 genetic 13 correlations
14 and 15 were
15 were 18 correlated
16 strongly 18 correlated
17 genetically 18 correlated
18 correlated 19 with
18 correlated 21 in
19 with 20 fitness
21 in 23 sexes
22 both 23 sexes

moreover , the genetic correlations with fitness were almost identical in men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 correlations
3 the 5 correlations
4 genetic 5 correlations
5 correlations 6 with
5 correlations 8 were
6 with 7 fitness
8 were 10 identical
9 almost 10 identical
10 identical 11 in
11 in 13 and
12 men 13 and
13 and 14 women

[for] reproductive rate , the intersexual correlation and the correlation with fitness [were] weaker but again similar between the sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 reproductive 3 rate
4 , 8 and
5 the 7 correlation
6 intersexual 7 correlation
7 correlation 8 and
8 and 10 correlation
8 and 11 with
9 the 10 correlation
11 with 12 fitness
12 fitness 14 weaker
12 fitness 17 similar
14 weaker 15 but
15 but 16 again
17 similar 18 between
18 between 20 sexes
19 the 20 sexes

thus , in this population , an apparent sexual conflict at the phenotypic level did not reflect an underlying genetic conflict over the studied reproductive traits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 conflict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 10 conflict
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 population
3 in 6 ,
3 in 10 conflict
4 this 5 population
7 an 8 apparent
7 an 10 conflict
8 apparent 10 conflict
9 sexual 10 conflict
10 conflict 11 at
10 conflict 15 did
11 at 14 level
12 the 14 level
13 phenotypic 14 level
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 reflect
17 reflect 21 conflict
17 reflect 22 over
18 an 21 conflict
19 underlying 21 conflict
20 genetic 21 conflict
22 over 26 traits
23 the 26 traits
24 studied 26 traits
25 reproductive 26 traits

these findings emphasize the need for incorporating genetic perspectives into studies of human life - history evolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 emphasize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 emphasize
3 emphasize 5 need
4 the 5 need
5 need 6 for
6 for 7 incorporating
7 incorporating 9 perspectives
7 incorporating 10 into
8 genetic 9 perspectives
10 into 11 studies
11 studies 12 of
12 of 14 life
13 human 14 life
15 - 17 evolution
16 history 17 evolution

lateral spatial interactions among elements of a scene , which either enhance [or] [degrade] visual performance , are ubiquitous in vision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 lateral 3 interactions
2 spatial 3 interactions
3 interactions 4 among
3 interactions 18 are
4 among 5 elements
5 elements 6 of
5 elements 10 which
6 of 8 scene
7 a 8 scene
9 , 10 which
10 which 12 enhance
10 which 17 ,
11 either 12 enhance
12 enhance 16 performance
15 visual 16 performance
18 are 19 ubiquitous
19 ubiquitous 20 in
20 in 21 vision

the neural mechanisms underlying lateral spatial interactions are a matter of debate , and various hypotheses have been proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 neural 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 underlying
3 mechanisms 8 are
4 underlying 7 interactions
5 lateral 7 interactions
6 spatial 7 interactions
8 are 10 matter
9 a 10 matter
10 matter 11 of
11 of 12 debate
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 hypotheses
14 and 19 proposed
15 various 16 hypotheses
16 hypotheses 17 have
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 proposed

suppressive effects may be due to local inhibitory interactions , whereas facilitatory effects are typically ascribed either to the function of long - range horizontal projections in v1 or to uncertainty reduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
1 suppressive 2 effects
2 effects 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 6 to
4 be 11 whereas
4 be 17 either
4 be 18 to
5 due 6 to
6 to 9 interactions
7 local 9 interactions
8 inhibitory 9 interactions
10 , 11 whereas
11 whereas 13 effects
11 whereas 16 ascribed
11 whereas 17 either
12 facilitatory 13 effects
13 effects 14 are
14 are 16 ascribed
15 typically 16 ascribed
17 either 18 to
18 to 20 function
18 to 33 .
19 the 20 function
20 function 21 of
21 of 26 projections
22 long 23 -
22 long 24 range
24 range 26 projections
25 horizontal 26 projections
26 projections 29 or
27 in 28 v1
27 in 29 or
29 or 30 to
30 to 32 reduction
31 uncertainty 32 reduction

we investigated the development of lateral spatial interactions , facilitation and suppression , and compared their developmental profiles to those of potential underlying mechanisms in the visual system of infant macaques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 14 and
2 investigated 4 development
2 investigated 14 and
3 the 4 development
4 development 5 of
5 of 11 and
6 lateral 8 interactions
7 spatial 8 interactions
8 interactions 9 ,
9 , 10 facilitation
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 suppression
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 compared
15 compared 18 profiles
15 compared 19 to
15 compared 25 in
16 their 18 profiles
17 developmental 18 profiles
19 to 20 those
20 those 21 of
20 those 23 underlying
21 of 22 potential
23 underlying 24 mechanisms
25 in 28 system
26 the 28 system
27 visual 28 system
28 system 29 of
29 of 31 macaques
30 infant 31 macaques

animals ranging in age from 10 weeks to 3 years were tested with a lateral masking paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 animals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 animals 2 ranging
1 animals 11 were
2 ranging 3 in
2 ranging 5 from
3 in 4 age
5 from 8 to
6 10 7 weeks
7 weeks 8 to
8 to 10 years
9 3 10 years
11 were 12 tested
12 tested 13 with
13 with 17 paradigm
14 a 15 lateral
14 a 17 paradigm
15 lateral 17 paradigm
16 masking 17 paradigm

we found that suppressive interactions are present [from] very early in postnatal life , showing no change over the age range tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 5 interactions
3 that 6 are
4 suppressive 5 interactions
5 interactions 6 are
6 are 7 present
7 present 10 early
7 present 11 in
9 very 10 early
11 in 13 life
12 postnatal 13 life
13 life 15 showing
14 , 15 showing
15 showing 17 change
15 showing 18 over
15 showing 23 .
16 no 17 change
18 over 21 range
19 the 21 range
20 age 21 range
21 range 22 tested

however , facilitation develops slowly over the first year after birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 facilitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 develops
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 facilitation
3 facilitation 4 develops
4 develops 5 slowly
4 develops 6 over
4 develops 10 after
6 over 9 year
7 the 9 year
8 first 9 year
10 after 11 birth

our data suggest that the early maturation of suppressive interactions is related to the relatively mature receptive field properties of neurons in early visual cortical areas near birth in infant macaques , whereas the later maturation of facilitation is unlikely to be explained by development of local or long - range connectivity [in] primary visual cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 maturation
4 that 27 near
5 the 7 maturation
6 early 7 maturation
7 maturation 8 of
7 maturation 11 is
8 of 10 interactions
9 suppressive 10 interactions
11 is 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 18 field
14 the 18 field
15 relatively 16 mature
16 mature 18 field
17 receptive 18 field
19 properties 20 of
19 properties 22 in
19 properties 27 near
20 of 21 neurons
22 in 26 areas
23 early 26 areas
24 visual 26 areas
25 cortical 26 areas
27 near 28 birth
27 near 29 in
27 near 33 whereas
29 in 31 macaques
30 infant 31 macaques
32 , 33 whereas
33 whereas 36 maturation
34 the 36 maturation
35 later 36 maturation
36 maturation 37 of
36 maturation 39 is
37 of 38 facilitation
39 is 40 unlikely
40 unlikely 41 to
40 unlikely 43 explained
41 to 42 be
42 be 43 explained
43 explained 44 by
44 by 45 development
45 development 46 of
46 of 48 or
47 local 48 or
48 or 56 cortex
49 long 50 -
49 long 51 range
51 range 52 connectivity
52 connectivity 56 cortex
54 primary 56 cortex
55 visual 56 cortex

instead our data favor a late developing feedback or top - down cognitive process to explain the origin of facilitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 favor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 instead 3 data
2 our 3 data
3 data 4 favor
4 favor 20 facilitation
5 a 6 late
5 a 20 facilitation
6 late 8 feedback
7 developing 8 feedback
8 feedback 9 or
9 or 14 process
9 or 15 to
9 or 19 of
9 or 20 facilitation
10 top 11 -
10 top 14 process
12 down 14 process
13 cognitive 14 process
15 to 16 explain
16 explain 18 origin
17 the 18 origin
18 origin 19 of

background : fear of falling has been linked to activity restriction , functional decline , decreased quality of life and increased risk of falling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 fear
2 : 8 linked
2 : 25 .
3 fear 4 of
3 fear 6 has
4 of 5 falling
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 linked
8 linked 9 to
9 to 20 and
10 activity 11 restriction
11 restriction 12 ,
12 , 14 decline
12 , 15 ,
13 functional 14 decline
15 , 17 quality
15 , 20 and
16 decreased 17 quality
17 quality 18 of
18 of 19 life
20 and 22 risk
20 and 23 of
21 increased 22 risk
23 of 24 falling

factors that distinguish persons with a high concern about falling from those with low concern have not been systematically studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 factors 2 that
1 factors 3 distinguish
1 factors 16 have
2 that 3 distinguish
3 distinguish 4 persons
3 distinguish 5 with
3 distinguish 9 about
5 with 8 concern
6 a 8 concern
7 high 8 concern
9 about 10 falling
10 falling 11 from
10 falling 13 with
11 from 12 those
13 with 15 concern
14 low 15 concern
16 have 17 not
16 have 18 been
18 been 20 studied
19 systematically 20 studied

objective : this study aimed to expose potential health - related , functional and psychosocial factors that correlate with fear of falling among independently living older women who had fallen in the past year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
4 study 6 to
4 study 7 expose
6 to 7 expose
7 expose 9 health
8 potential 9 health
9 health 11 related
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 ,
12 , 14 and
13 functional 14 and
14 and 16 factors
14 and 17 that
14 and 18 correlate
15 psychosocial 16 factors
17 that 18 correlate
18 correlate 19 with
18 correlate 23 among
18 correlate 27 women
18 correlate 31 in
19 with 20 fear
20 fear 21 of
21 of 22 falling
23 among 25 living
24 independently 25 living
26 older 27 women
27 women 28 who
27 women 29 had
28 who 29 had
29 had 30 fallen
31 in 34 year
32 the 34 year
33 past 34 year

methods : baseline data of 409 women aged 70 - 80 years recruited to a randomised [falls] prevention trial ( dex ) ( nct00986466 ) were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 data
3 baseline 4 data
4 data 5 of
4 data 8 aged
5 of 7 women
6 409 7 women
8 aged 9 70
10 - 12 years
10 - 26 were
10 - 28 .
11 80 12 years
12 years 13 recruited
12 years 26 were
13 recruited 14 to
14 to 19 trial
15 a 19 trial
16 randomised 18 prevention
18 prevention 19 trial
19 trial 21 dex
19 trial 24 nct00986466
20 ( 21 dex
21 dex 22 )
23 ( 24 nct00986466
24 nct00986466 25 )
26 were 27 used

participants were classified according to their level of concern about falling using the falls efficacy scale international ( fes - i ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 classified
3 classified 5 to
3 classified 10 about
4 according 5 to
5 to 7 level
6 their 7 level
7 level 8 of
8 of 9 concern
10 about 11 falling
11 falling 12 using
12 using 17 international
12 using 20 -
13 the 17 international
14 falls 15 efficacy
15 efficacy 16 scale
16 scale 17 international
18 ( 20 -
19 fes 20 -
20 - 21 i
20 - 22 )

multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore associations between health - related variables , functional performance tests , amount of physical activity , quality of life and fes - [i] scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multinomial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 multinomial 3 regression
1 multinomial 6 performed
1 multinomial 32 scores
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 analyses
3 regression 5 were
3 regression 6 performed
4 analyses 5 were
6 performed 7 to
6 performed 10 between
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 9 associations
10 between 11 health
11 health 14 variables
12 - 14 variables
13 related 14 variables
14 variables 18 tests
14 variables 28 and
14 variables 30 -
15 , 18 tests
16 functional 17 performance
17 performance 18 tests
18 tests 19 ,
19 , 28 and
20 amount 21 of
20 amount 24 ,
21 of 23 activity
22 physical 23 activity
24 , 25 quality
24 , 28 and
25 quality 26 of
26 of 27 life
28 and 29 fes
28 and 30 -

results : 68 % of the participants reported a moderate to high concern ( fes - i ≥ 20 [ )(about falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 %
2 : 8 reported
2 : 23 .
3 68 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 8 reported
5 of 7 participants
6 the 7 participants
8 reported 10 moderate
8 reported 22 falls
9 a 10 moderate
10 moderate 11 to
10 moderate 17 i
10 moderate 21 )(about
10 moderate 22 falls
11 to 13 concern
12 high 13 concern
13 concern 15 fes
14 ( 15 fes
15 fes 16 -
17 i 18 ≥
18 ≥ 19 20
18 ≥ 21 )(about

multinomial logistic regression showed that highly concerned women were significantly more likely to have poorer health and quality of life and lower functional ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 multinomial 2 logistic
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 showed
4 showed 6 highly
4 showed 8 women
4 showed 9 were
5 that 6 highly
7 concerned 8 women
8 women 9 were
9 were 11 more
9 were 12 likely
10 significantly 11 more
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 have
13 to 14 have
14 have 17 and
15 poorer 16 health
16 health 17 and
17 and 18 quality
17 and 19 of
19 of 24 ability
20 life 21 and
21 and 22 lower
21 and 24 ability
23 functional 24 ability

reported difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living , balance , outdoor mobility and poorer quality of life contributed independently to a greater concern about falling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 reported 2 difficulties
2 difficulties 3 in
2 difficulties 9 ,
3 in 5 activities
4 instrumental 5 activities
5 activities 6 of
6 of 8 living
7 daily 8 living
9 , 10 balance
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 mobility
11 , 14 and
12 outdoor 13 mobility
14 and 15 poorer
14 and 16 quality
16 quality 17 of
16 quality 19 contributed
17 of 18 life
19 contributed 20 independently
19 contributed 21 to
19 contributed 25 about
21 to 24 concern
22 a 24 concern
23 greater 24 concern
25 about 26 falling

conclusions : concern about falling was highly prevalent in our sample of community [-] living older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 concern
2 : 6 was
2 : 18 .
3 concern 4 about
3 concern 6 was
4 about 5 falling
6 was 8 prevalent
7 highly 8 prevalent
8 prevalent 9 in
9 in 11 sample
10 our 11 sample
11 sample 12 of
12 of 17 women
13 community 15 living
15 living 17 women
16 older 17 women

in particular , poor perceived general health and mobility constraints contributed independently to the difference between high and low concern of falling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 8 and
4 poor 6 general
5 perceived 6 general
6 general 7 health
7 health 8 and
8 and 10 constraints
8 and 11 contributed
9 mobility 10 constraints
11 contributed 12 independently
12 independently 13 to
13 to 15 difference
14 the 15 difference
15 difference 16 between
16 between 20 concern
17 high 18 and
18 and 19 low
18 and 20 concern
20 concern 21 of
21 of 22 falling

knowledge of these associations may help in developing interventions to reduce fear of falling and activity avoidance in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 knowledge 2 of
1 knowledge 5 may
2 of 4 associations
3 these 4 associations
5 may 6 help
6 help 7 in
6 help 10 to
6 help 11 reduce
7 in 8 developing
8 developing 9 interventions
10 to 11 reduce
11 reduce 17 avoidance
12 fear 13 of
12 fear 15 and
13 of 14 falling
15 and 16 activity
15 and 17 avoidance
17 avoidance 18 in
18 in 20 age
19 old 20 age

a low birthrate and aging society have led to a decrease in the japanese work force . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 low
1 a 3 birthrate
2 low 3 birthrate
3 birthrate 4 and
4 and 6 society
4 and 7 have
5 aging 6 society
7 have 8 led
8 led 9 to
8 led 12 in
9 to 11 decrease
10 a 11 decrease
12 in 16 force
13 the 16 force
14 japanese 15 work
15 work 16 force

therefore , maintaining the environment surrounding working women has become an important priority of the occupational physician . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 maintaining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 maintaining
3 maintaining 6 surrounding
3 maintaining 9 has
4 the 6 surrounding
5 environment 6 surrounding
6 surrounding 7 working
7 working 8 women
9 has 10 become
10 become 13 priority
11 an 12 important
11 an 13 priority
12 important 13 priority
13 priority 14 of
14 of 17 physician
15 the 17 physician
16 occupational 17 physician

as for laws on women 's healthcare , revision allows adaptation to fit changes in the times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 allows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 as 2 for
1 as 9 revision
2 for 3 laws
3 laws 4 on
4 on 6 's
5 women 6 's
7 healthcare 8 ,
7 healthcare 9 revision
9 revision 10 allows
10 allows 11 adaptation
10 allows 12 to
10 allows 13 fit
12 to 13 fit
13 fit 14 changes
13 fit 15 in
15 in 17 times
16 the 17 times

in 2012 , a revision of the " labour standards for women " included the addition of several harmful chemical substances and acceptable safety levels were established according to current toxicology study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 revision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 2012
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 revision
4 a 5 revision
5 revision 6 of
5 revision 11 for
5 revision 14 included
6 of 10 standards
7 the 8 "
7 the 10 standards
9 labour 10 standards
11 for 12 women
12 women 13 "
14 included 16 addition
15 the 16 addition
16 addition 17 of
17 of 21 substances
18 several 21 substances
19 harmful 21 substances
20 chemical 21 substances
22 and 25 levels
22 and 27 established
23 acceptable 24 safety
24 safety 25 levels
25 levels 26 were
26 were 27 established
27 established 29 to
28 according 29 to
29 to 32 study
30 current 32 study
31 toxicology 32 study

in this report , we examine the effect on women 's health of three laws ; " labour standards act " , " labour standards for women " and " act on securing , etc . [of] equal opportunity and treatment between men and women in employment " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 3 report
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 report
5 we 6 examine
6 examine 8 effect
6 examine 9 on
7 the 8 effect
9 on 12 health
10 women 11 's
11 's 12 health
12 health 13 of
13 of 15 laws
14 three 15 laws
16 ; 17 "
16 ; 20 act
16 ; 22 ,
18 labour 19 standards
19 standards 20 act
20 act 21 "
22 , 23 "
22 , 29 and
22 , 34 ,
24 labour 25 standards
25 standards 26 for
25 standards 29 and
26 for 27 women
27 women 28 "
29 and 30 "
29 and 31 act
31 act 32 on
32 on 33 securing
34 , 35 etc
36 . 40 and
36 . 49 .
38 equal 39 opportunity
39 opportunity 40 and
40 and 41 treatment
40 and 46 in
41 treatment 42 between
42 between 44 and
43 men 44 and
44 and 45 women
46 in 47 employment
47 employment 48 "

finally , the details of the 2012 revision of " labour standards for women " are described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 details
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 details
3 the 4 details
4 details 5 of
4 details 16 are
5 of 8 revision
6 the 8 revision
7 2012 8 revision
8 revision 9 of
9 of 10 "
9 of 12 standards
11 labour 12 standards
12 standards 13 for
13 for 14 women
14 women 15 "
16 are 17 described

results of annual health checkups at workplaces revealed a steady increase in the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension in japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 8 revealed
2 of 5 checkups
3 annual 5 checkups
4 health 5 checkups
5 checkups 6 at
6 at 7 workplaces
8 revealed 11 increase
8 revealed 12 in
9 a 10 steady
9 a 11 increase
10 steady 11 increase
12 in 14 incidence
13 the 14 incidence
14 incidence 15 of
15 of 22 and
16 cardiovascular 18 factors
17 risk 18 factors
18 factors 20 as
18 factors 22 and
19 such 20 as
20 as 21 dyslipidemia
22 and 23 hypertension
22 and 24 in
24 in 25 japan

with the aging of the workforce , the incidence is expected to increase further . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 with 3 aging
1 with 7 ,
1 with 9 incidence
2 the 3 aging
3 aging 4 of
4 of 6 workforce
5 the 6 workforce
8 the 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 is
10 is 11 expected
11 expected 12 to
11 expected 13 increase
12 to 13 increase
13 increase 14 further

these risk factors are modifiable through a lifestyle modification program including mild exercise and nutritional guidance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 are
4 are 5 modifiable
5 modifiable 6 through
6 through 14 and
7 a 8 lifestyle
7 a 10 program
8 lifestyle 10 program
9 modification 10 program
10 program 11 including
10 program 14 and
11 including 13 exercise
12 mild 13 exercise
14 and 16 guidance
15 nutritional 16 guidance

in 1988 , the japanese government revised the industrial safety and health law to promote health in the workplace and implemented the total health promotion plan ( thp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 government
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 1988
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 government
4 the 6 government
5 japanese 6 government
6 government 7 revised
7 revised 13 law
7 revised 14 to
8 the 13 law
9 industrial 10 safety
10 safety 11 and
11 and 12 health
12 health 13 law
14 to 20 and
15 promote 16 health
15 promote 17 in
15 promote 20 and
17 in 19 workplace
18 the 19 workplace
20 and 21 implemented
21 implemented 26 plan
22 the 26 plan
23 total 24 health
24 health 25 promotion
25 promotion 26 plan
26 plan 28 thp
27 ( 28 thp
28 thp 29 )

however , only 5.0 % of workplaces were implementing thp programs according to a survey conducted in 2007 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 %
3 only 4 5.0
4 5.0 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 8 were
6 of 7 workplaces
8 were 9 implementing
9 implementing 11 programs
9 implementing 13 to
10 thp 11 programs
12 according 13 to
13 to 15 survey
14 a 15 survey
15 survey 16 conducted
15 survey 17 in
17 in 18 2007

therefore , we have recommended some measures for worksite health [promotion] , such as collaboration between community health and occupational health for implementing health promotion activities especially in small and medium scale enterprises , environmental improvement to promote occupational health , and an approach to increase physical activity that includes walking to work and using the stairs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 recommended
5 recommended 42 and
5 recommended 45 to
6 some 7 measures
7 measures 8 for
7 measures 42 and
8 for 10 health
9 worksite 10 health
10 health 14 as
12 , 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 19 and
14 as 41 ,
15 collaboration 16 between
15 collaboration 19 and
16 between 18 health
17 community 18 health
19 and 21 health
20 occupational 21 health
21 health 22 for
22 for 23 implementing
23 implementing 26 activities
23 implementing 27 especially
24 health 25 promotion
25 promotion 26 activities
27 especially 28 in
28 in 33 enterprises
29 small 30 and
30 and 31 medium
30 and 32 scale
32 scale 33 enterprises
33 enterprises 36 improvement
34 , 36 improvement
35 environmental 36 improvement
36 improvement 37 to
36 improvement 38 promote
36 improvement 41 ,
37 to 38 promote
38 promote 40 health
39 occupational 40 health
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 approach
43 an 44 approach
45 to 46 increase
46 increase 48 activity
47 physical 48 activity
48 activity 49 that
48 activity 50 includes
48 activity 51 walking
49 that 50 includes
51 walking 52 to
51 walking 57 stairs
52 to 54 and
53 work 54 and
54 and 55 using
56 the 57 stairs

worksite health [promotion] should be considered an important company initiative in terms of work - related outcomes such as job satisfaction , work ability , and absenteeism in addition to cardiovascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 worksite 2 health
2 health 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 considered
6 considered 10 initiative
7 an 8 important
7 an 10 initiative
8 important 9 company
9 company 10 initiative
10 initiative 11 in
11 in 12 terms
12 terms 13 of
13 of 14 work
15 - 16 related
16 related 26 and
16 related 30 to
17 outcomes 19 as
17 outcomes 22 ,
18 such 19 as
19 as 21 satisfaction
20 job 21 satisfaction
22 , 24 ability
22 , 26 and
23 work 24 ability
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 absenteeism
26 and 28 in
28 in 29 addition
30 to 33 factors
31 cardiovascular 33 factors
32 risk 33 factors

objectives : life review can be implemented within a group as well as on an individual level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 review
2 : 7 implemented
3 life 4 review
4 review 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 implemented
7 implemented 8 within
7 implemented 11 as
7 implemented 13 as
7 implemented 17 level
8 within 10 group
9 a 10 group
11 as 12 well
13 as 14 on
14 on 16 individual
15 an 16 individual

there have been few discussions about which the format is most effective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 5 discussions
4 few 5 discussions
5 discussions 6 about
6 about 7 which
6 about 9 format
6 about 10 is
8 the 9 format
9 format 10 is
10 is 12 effective
11 most 12 effective

this study investigates the social aspects of a life - review group intervention from the perspective of the client within the context of a large , randomized controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigates
3 investigates 6 aspects
4 the 6 aspects
5 social 6 aspects
6 aspects 7 of
7 of 9 life
8 a 9 life
10 - 11 review
10 - 30 .
11 review 13 intervention
11 review 20 within
12 group 13 intervention
13 intervention 14 from
14 from 16 perspective
15 the 16 perspective
16 perspective 17 of
17 of 19 client
18 the 19 client
20 within 22 context
21 the 22 context
22 context 23 of
23 of 29 trial
24 a 25 large
24 a 29 trial
25 large 26 ,
25 large 29 trial
27 randomized 29 trial
28 controlled 29 trial

method : this was an exploratory study using a qualitative methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 was
2 : 12 .
3 this 4 was
4 was 7 study
5 an 6 exploratory
5 an 7 study
6 exploratory 7 study
7 study 8 using
8 using 11 methodology
9 a 10 qualitative
9 a 11 methodology
10 qualitative 11 methodology

we conducted semi - structured interviews to explore [how] participants felt about the benefits and barriers of receiving life review in a group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 6 interviews
2 conducted 7 to
3 semi 4 -
3 semi 6 interviews
5 structured 6 interviews
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 10 participants
8 explore 12 about
10 participants 11 felt
12 about 15 and
13 the 14 benefits
14 benefits 15 and
15 and 16 barriers
16 barriers 17 of
17 of 20 review
18 receiving 19 life
19 life 20 review
20 review 21 in
21 in 23 group
22 a 23 group

transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using inductive analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 transcripts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 transcripts 2 of
1 transcripts 5 were
2 of 4 interviews
3 the 4 interviews
5 were 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 7 using
7 using 9 analysis
8 inductive 9 analysis

results : the social processes of life review in a group included experiencing a sense of belonging , feeling accepted , finding good company , disclosing oneself , learning to express oneself , finding recognition , realizing that others have problems too , being more successful at coping than others , learning from others , and being able to help others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 processes
2 : 9 in
3 the 5 processes
4 social 5 processes
5 processes 6 of
6 of 8 review
7 life 8 review
9 in 11 group
10 a 11 group
11 group 12 included
11 group 13 experiencing
11 group 16 of
13 experiencing 15 sense
14 a 15 sense
16 of 17 belonging
17 belonging 30 to
17 belonging 31 express
18 , 29 learning
19 feeling 20 accepted
20 accepted 22 finding
20 accepted 29 learning
21 , 22 finding
22 finding 24 company
22 finding 28 ,
23 good 24 company
24 company 26 disclosing
25 , 26 disclosing
26 disclosing 27 oneself
26 disclosing 28 ,
29 learning 30 to
30 to 31 express
31 express 32 oneself
31 express 44 being
33 , 44 being
34 finding 35 recognition
34 finding 44 being
35 recognition 37 realizing
36 , 37 realizing
37 realizing 38 that
37 realizing 43 ,
38 that 39 others
38 that 40 have
39 others 40 have
40 have 41 problems
40 have 42 too
44 being 46 successful
45 more 46 successful
46 successful 47 at
47 at 48 coping
48 coping 49 than
49 than 56 and
50 others 51 ,
51 , 52 learning
51 , 56 and
52 learning 53 from
53 from 54 others
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 being
56 and 58 able
58 able 59 to
58 able 60 help
59 to 60 help
60 help 61 others

negative processes were less often mentioned and included having difficulties with sharing in a group , finding no recognition , and anxiety caused by the prospect of finding no recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 negative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 negative 2 processes
1 negative 11 with
1 negative 13 in
2 processes 7 and
3 were 6 mentioned
3 were 7 and
4 less 5 often
5 often 6 mentioned
7 and 8 included
7 and 10 difficulties
9 having 10 difficulties
11 with 12 sharing
13 in 21 and
14 a 15 group
15 group 16 ,
16 , 19 recognition
16 , 21 and
17 finding 19 recognition
18 no 19 recognition
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 anxiety
21 and 23 caused
21 and 27 of
23 caused 24 by
24 by 26 prospect
25 the 26 prospect
27 of 28 finding
28 finding 30 recognition
29 no 30 recognition

these social processes can be divided into three categories [:] first , having a good atmosphere in the group ; second , disclosure [to] peers [;] [and] third , relating to others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
1 these 3 processes
2 social 3 processes
3 processes 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 divided
6 divided 7 into
6 divided 11 first
6 divided 13 having
7 into 9 categories
8 three 9 categories
12 , 13 having
13 having 16 atmosphere
13 having 17 in
13 having 20 ;
14 a 15 good
14 a 16 atmosphere
15 good 16 atmosphere
17 in 19 group
18 the 19 group
20 ; 23 disclosure
20 ; 25 peers
21 second 22 ,
21 second 23 disclosure
23 disclosure 25 peers
25 peers 28 third
25 peers 30 relating
29 , 30 relating
30 relating 31 to
30 relating 33 .
31 to 32 others

conclusion : our results reveal a variety of social processes that may facilitate the effects of life - review therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 reveal
2 : 18 -
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 reveal
5 reveal 7 variety
6 a 7 variety
7 variety 8 of
7 variety 11 that
7 variety 12 may
8 of 10 processes
9 social 10 processes
11 that 12 may
12 may 13 facilitate
13 facilitate 15 effects
14 the 15 effects
15 effects 16 of
16 of 17 life
18 - 19 review
19 review 20 therapy

future research , however , is needed to further examine the importance of these social processes and their effects on depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 6 is
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 is
6 is 7 needed
7 needed 8 to
7 needed 20 on
8 to 10 examine
9 further 10 examine
10 examine 12 importance
11 the 12 importance
12 importance 13 of
13 of 17 and
14 these 16 processes
15 social 16 processes
16 processes 17 and
17 and 19 effects
18 their 19 effects
20 on 21 depression

background : with an increased life expectancy for the general population as well as for those ageing with chronic diseases , there are major challenges to the affected individuals and their families , but also to health care and societal planning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 22 there
2 : 23 are
2 : 42 .
3 with 7 expectancy
3 with 17 ageing
3 with 22 there
4 an 7 expectancy
5 increased 6 life
6 life 7 expectancy
7 expectancy 8 for
7 expectancy 14 as
8 for 11 population
9 the 11 population
10 general 11 population
11 population 12 as
12 as 13 well
14 as 15 for
15 for 16 those
18 with 20 diseases
18 with 21 ,
18 with 22 there
19 chronic 20 diseases
22 there 23 are
23 are 25 challenges
24 major 25 challenges
25 challenges 34 but
26 to 30 and
26 to 34 but
27 the 29 individuals
28 affected 29 individuals
29 individuals 30 and
30 and 32 families
31 their 32 families
33 , 34 but
34 but 35 also
34 but 36 to
36 to 39 and
37 health 38 care
38 care 39 and
39 and 41 planning
40 societal 41 planning

most important , an increasing proportion of older people [remain] living in their ordinary homes despite health [decline] and disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 most 2 important
2 important 3 ,
3 , 6 proportion
3 , 19 and
4 an 6 proportion
5 increasing 6 proportion
6 proportion 7 of
6 proportion 11 living
7 of 9 people
8 older 9 people
11 living 12 in
11 living 16 despite
12 in 15 homes
13 their 15 homes
14 ordinary 15 homes
16 despite 17 health
19 and 20 disability

however , little is known about the home and health situation of people ageing with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , and older people are often excluded from pd - research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 15 with
6 about 9 and
7 the 8 home
8 home 9 and
9 and 11 situation
9 and 12 of
10 health 11 situation
12 of 14 ageing
13 people 14 ageing
15 with 18 disease
16 parkinson 17 's
17 's 18 disease
18 disease 20 pd
19 ( 20 pd
20 pd 21 )
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 people
23 and 28 excluded
24 older 25 people
25 people 26 are
26 are 27 often
26 are 28 excluded
28 excluded 29 from
29 from 30 pd
30 pd 32 research
31 - 32 research
32 research 33 .

methods/design : the overall aim of the present project is to generate knowledge on home and health dynamics in people with pd , with [an] explicit attention to pd - specific symptomatology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods/design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods/design 2 :
2 : 4 overall
3 the 4 overall
4 overall 5 aim
4 overall 12 generate
5 aim 6 of
5 aim 10 is
6 of 9 project
7 the 9 project
8 present 9 project
10 is 11 to
10 is 12 generate
11 to 12 generate
12 generate 13 knowledge
13 knowledge 14 on
14 on 16 and
15 home 16 and
16 and 18 dynamics
16 and 19 in
17 health 18 dynamics
19 in 20 people
20 people 21 with
20 people 32 symptomatology
21 with 22 pd
22 pd 24 with
23 , 24 with
24 with 27 attention
24 with 30 -
26 explicit 27 attention
27 attention 28 to
28 to 29 pd
30 - 32 symptomatology
31 specific 32 symptomatology
32 symptomatology 33 .

we will concentrate on aspects of home and health captured [by] state - of [-] the [-] art methodology from gerontology as well as pd - research , health science and rehabilitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 concentrate
3 concentrate 4 on
4 on 8 and
5 aspects 6 of
5 aspects 8 and
6 of 7 home
8 and 12 state
8 and 14 of
9 health 10 captured
10 captured 12 state
13 - 14 of
14 of 19 methodology
14 of 26 -
16 the 19 methodology
18 art 19 methodology
19 methodology 20 from
20 from 21 gerontology
21 gerontology 22 as
22 as 23 well
23 well 24 as
24 as 25 pd
26 - 31 and
26 - 33 .
27 research 28 ,
28 , 30 science
28 , 31 and
29 health 30 science
31 and 32 rehabilitation

this study protocol describes a longitudinal cohort survey study that includes a baseline data collection and a [3] [-] year follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protocol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 this 3 protocol
2 study 3 protocol
3 protocol 4 describes
4 describes 9 study
5 a 9 study
6 longitudinal 8 survey
7 cohort 8 survey
8 survey 9 study
9 study 10 that
9 study 11 includes
10 that 11 includes
11 includes 15 collection
12 a 15 collection
13 baseline 15 collection
14 data 15 collection
16 and 20 year
16 and 21 follow
17 a 20 year
20 year 21 follow
21 follow 23 up
22 - 23 up
23 up 24 .

both data collection waves include self [-] administered questionnaires , structured interviews , clinical assessments and observations during home visits effectuated by research staff with project - specific training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 waves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 both 4 waves
2 data 4 waves
3 collection 4 waves
4 waves 5 include
5 include 9 questionnaires
6 self 8 administered
8 administered 9 questionnaires
10 , 16 and
10 , 26 project
10 , 27 -
11 structured 12 interviews
12 interviews 13 ,
13 , 15 assessments
13 , 16 and
14 clinical 15 assessments
16 and 17 observations
16 and 18 during
16 and 26 project
18 during 19 home
19 home 20 visits
19 home 25 with
20 visits 21 effectuated
21 effectuated 22 by
21 effectuated 24 staff
21 effectuated 25 with
22 by 23 research
27 - 29 training
27 - 30 .
28 specific 29 training

in order to arrive at a [follow] [-] up sample of n=160 , 250 participants identified by pd specialist nurses are being recruited from three hospitals in southern sweden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 15 participants
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 arrive
3 to 4 arrive
4 arrive 5 at
5 at 10 sample
6 a 10 sample
9 up 10 sample
11 of 12 n=160
11 of 13 ,
11 of 15 participants
14 250 15 participants
15 participants 16 identified
15 participants 17 by
15 participants 21 are
17 by 20 nurses
18 pd 20 nurses
19 specialist 20 nurses
21 are 22 being
22 being 23 recruited
23 recruited 24 from
24 from 26 hospitals
25 three 26 hospitals
26 hospitals 27 in
27 in 29 sweden
28 southern 29 sweden

with no lower [or] upper age limit , [only] those diagnosed with pd since at least one year were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 with 7 limit
1 with 8 ,
1 with 10 those
2 no 7 limit
3 lower 5 upper
5 upper 6 age
6 age 7 limit
10 those 11 diagnosed
10 those 19 were
11 diagnosed 12 with
11 diagnosed 14 since
12 with 13 pd
14 since 18 year
15 at 16 least
16 least 18 year
17 one 18 year
19 were 20 included

the exclusion criteria were : difficulties in understanding or speaking swedish [and/or] cognitive difficulties/other reasons making the individual unable to give informed consent or to take part in the majority of the data collection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 exclusion
2 exclusion 3 criteria
2 exclusion 4 were
2 exclusion 5 :
3 criteria 4 were
5 : 6 difficulties
6 difficulties 7 in
7 in 8 understanding
9 or 15 reasons
9 or 24 or
10 speaking 11 swedish
11 swedish 15 reasons
13 cognitive 14 difficulties/other
14 difficulties/other 15 reasons
15 reasons 16 making
15 reasons 20 to
15 reasons 21 give
15 reasons 24 or
16 making 18 individual
16 making 19 unable
17 the 18 individual
20 to 21 give
22 informed 23 consent
22 informed 24 or
24 or 25 to
24 or 27 part
25 to 27 part
26 take 27 part
27 part 28 in
28 in 30 majority
29 the 30 majority
30 majority 31 of
31 of 34 collection
32 the 34 collection
33 data 34 collection

the data collection targets environmental factors such as assistive devices , social support , physical environmental barriers , accessibility problems and perceived aspects of home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 collection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 targets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 collection
2 data 3 collection
3 collection 4 targets
4 targets 6 factors
4 targets 8 as
5 environmental 6 factors
7 such 8 as
8 as 21 and
9 assistive 10 devices
10 devices 11 ,
11 , 13 support
11 , 14 ,
12 social 13 support
14 , 17 barriers
14 , 18 ,
15 physical 17 barriers
16 environmental 17 barriers
18 , 20 problems
18 , 21 and
19 accessibility 20 problems
21 and 23 aspects
21 and 24 of
22 perceived 23 aspects
24 of 25 home

a broad variety of instruments tap pd - specific problems ( e.g [.] freezing of gait [,] fear of falling ) and health - related issues such as general [self] - efficacy , body functions , activities and participation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 a 3 variety
2 broad 3 variety
3 variety 4 of
3 variety 22 and
4 of 7 pd
5 instruments 6 tap
6 tap 7 pd
7 pd 10 problems
8 - 10 problems
9 specific 10 problems
10 problems 12 e.g
10 problems 21 )
11 ( 12 e.g
12 e.g 14 freezing
12 e.g 15 of
12 e.g 19 of
12 e.g 21 )
15 of 18 fear
16 gait 18 fear
19 of 20 falling
22 and 23 health
24 - 25 related
25 related 38 and
26 issues 28 as
26 issues 33 ,
27 such 28 as
28 as 32 efficacy
29 general 31 -
29 general 32 efficacy
33 , 35 functions
33 , 36 ,
34 body 35 functions
36 , 37 activities
36 , 38 and
38 and 39 participation

discussion : this project will produce knowledge to the benefit of the development of health care and societal planning that targets people ageing with pd , ultimately promoting activity and participation and an increase of the number of healthy life years for this sub - group of the population . 
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 7 knowledge
2 : 8 to
3 this 7 knowledge
4 project 7 knowledge
5 will 6 produce
6 produce 7 knowledge
8 to 17 and
9 the 10 benefit
10 benefit 11 of
10 benefit 17 and
11 of 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 16 care
15 health 16 care
17 and 19 planning
17 and 20 that
17 and 22 people
18 societal 19 planning
20 that 21 targets
20 that 22 people
21 targets 22 people
22 people 23 ageing
23 ageing 24 with
23 ageing 28 promoting
24 with 25 pd
26 , 28 promoting
27 ultimately 28 promoting
28 promoting 30 and
28 promoting 50 .
29 activity 30 and
30 and 46 group
31 participation 32 and
32 and 34 increase
32 and 45 -
32 and 46 group
33 an 34 increase
34 increase 35 of
34 increase 38 of
35 of 37 number
36 the 37 number
38 of 41 years
39 healthy 40 life
40 life 41 years
41 years 42 for
42 for 44 sub
43 this 44 sub
46 group 47 of
47 of 49 population
48 the 49 population

background : with increasing age neuromuscular deficits ( e.g [.] , sarcopenia ) may result in impaired physical performance and an increased risk [for] falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 deficits
2 : 15 result
2 : 20 and
2 : 26 .
3 with 4 increasing
3 with 7 deficits
4 increasing 5 age
6 neuromuscular 7 deficits
7 deficits 12 sarcopenia
7 deficits 14 may
8 ( 12 sarcopenia
9 e.g 11 ,
9 e.g 12 sarcopenia
12 sarcopenia 13 )
14 may 15 result
15 result 16 in
16 in 19 performance
17 impaired 19 performance
18 physical 19 performance
20 and 23 risk
20 and 25 falls
21 an 23 risk
22 increased 23 risk
23 risk 25 falls

prominent intrinsic fall - risk factors are age - related decreases in balance and strength / power performance as well as cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 prominent 3 fall
2 intrinsic 3 fall
3 fall 5 risk
3 fall 10 related
4 - 5 risk
5 risk 6 factors
5 risk 8 age
5 risk 9 -
6 factors 7 are
7 are 8 age
10 related 11 decreases
10 related 12 in
12 in 14 and
13 balance 14 and
14 and 15 strength
14 and 16 /
16 / 23 decline
17 power 23 decline
18 performance 23 decline
19 as 20 well
20 well 22 cognitive
21 as 22 cognitive
22 cognitive 23 decline

additional studies are needed to develop specifically tailored exercise programs for older adults that can easily be implemented into clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 additional 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 develop
6 develop 10 programs
6 develop 11 for
7 specifically 8 tailored
8 tailored 9 exercise
9 exercise 10 programs
11 for 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 that
13 adults 15 can
14 that 15 can
15 can 17 be
16 easily 17 be
17 be 18 implemented
18 implemented 19 into
19 into 21 practice
20 clinical 21 practice

thus , the objective of the present trial is to assess the effects of a fall prevention program that was developed by an interdisciplinary expert panel on measures of balance , strength / power , body composition , cognition , psychosocial well - being , and falls self [-] efficacy in healthy older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 objective
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 46 and
5 of 8 trial
6 the 8 trial
7 present 8 trial
9 is 10 to
9 is 11 assess
9 is 46 and
10 to 11 assess
11 assess 13 effects
12 the 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
13 effects 29 of
14 of 18 program
15 a 16 fall
15 a 18 program
16 fall 18 program
17 prevention 18 program
18 program 19 that
18 program 20 was
19 that 20 was
20 was 21 developed
21 developed 22 by
22 by 26 panel
23 an 24 interdisciplinary
23 an 26 panel
24 interdisciplinary 26 panel
25 expert 26 panel
26 panel 27 on
27 on 28 measures
29 of 30 balance
30 balance 32 strength
30 balance 37 composition
31 , 32 strength
32 strength 33 /
32 strength 35 ,
33 / 34 power
35 , 37 composition
36 body 37 composition
37 composition 39 cognition
37 composition 45 ,
38 , 39 cognition
39 cognition 43 -
39 cognition 45 ,
40 , 43 -
41 psychosocial 42 well
42 well 43 -
43 - 44 being
43 - 45 ,
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 falls
46 and 50 efficacy
48 self 50 efficacy
50 efficacy 51 in
51 in 54 adults
52 healthy 54 adults
53 older 54 adults

additionally , the time - related effects of detraining are tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 7 effects
2 , 4 time
3 the 4 time
4 time 5 -
4 time 7 effects
6 related 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
7 effects 10 are
8 of 9 detraining
10 are 11 tested

methods/design : healthy old people ( n = 54 ) between the age of 65 to 80 years will participate in this trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods/design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 methods/design 2 :
2 : 5 people
2 : 11 between
3 healthy 5 people
4 old 5 people
5 people 8 =
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 54
8 = 10 )
11 between 13 age
12 the 13 age
13 age 14 of
14 of 16 to
15 65 16 to
16 to 17 80
17 80 18 years
18 years 19 will
19 will 20 participate
20 participate 21 in
21 in 23 trial
22 this 23 trial

further , body composition will be analysed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 composition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 composition
3 body 4 composition
4 composition 5 will
5 will 6 be
6 be 7 analysed
7 analysed 8 using
8 using 13 system
9 a 10 bioelectrical
9 a 13 system
10 bioelectrical 11 impedance
11 impedance 13 system
12 analysis 13 system

in addition , questionnaires for the [assessment] [of] psychosocial [(] i.e . [,] world health organisation quality of life assessment - bref [ )(, cognitive ( i.e [.] , mini mental state examination [ )(, and fall risk determinants ( i.e [.] , fall efficacy scale - international ) will be included in the study protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 addition
3 , 4 questionnaires
4 questionnaires 5 for
4 questionnaires 11 i.e
5 for 9 psychosocial
6 the 9 psychosocial
12 . 20 assessment
12 . 21 -
14 world 15 health
15 health 16 organisation
16 organisation 17 quality
17 quality 18 of
17 quality 20 assessment
18 of 19 life
21 - 22 bref
21 - 24 )(,
24 )(, 36 and
25 cognitive 27 i.e
25 cognitive 33 examination
26 ( 27 i.e
27 i.e 29 ,
30 mini 31 mental
31 mental 32 state
32 state 33 examination
33 examination 36 and
35 )(, 36 and
36 and 37 fall
36 and 43 ,
36 and 45 efficacy
38 risk 39 determinants
39 determinants 41 i.e
40 ( 41 i.e
41 i.e 43 ,
43 , 45 efficacy
44 fall 45 efficacy
45 efficacy 50 will
45 efficacy 51 be
45 efficacy 52 included
45 efficacy 53 in
45 efficacy 57 .
46 scale 48 international
46 scale 50 will
47 - 48 international
48 international 49 )
50 will 51 be
53 in 56 protocol
54 the 56 protocol
55 study 56 protocol

participants will be randomized into two intervention groups or the control / waiting group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 randomized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 participants 2 will
2 will 3 be
3 be 4 randomized
4 randomized 5 into
5 into 9 or
6 two 8 groups
7 intervention 8 groups
8 groups 9 or
9 or 11 control
9 or 12 /
10 the 11 control
12 / 14 group
13 waiting 14 group

after baseline measures , participants in the intervention groups will conduct a 12 [-] week balance and strength / power exercise intervention 3 times per week , with each training session lasting 30 min . ( actual training time ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 conduct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 after 3 measures
1 after 4 ,
1 after 5 participants
2 baseline 3 measures
5 participants 6 in
5 participants 10 will
6 in 9 groups
7 the 9 groups
8 intervention 9 groups
10 will 11 conduct
11 conduct 17 and
11 conduct 24 times
11 conduct 28 with
12 a 16 balance
13 12 15 week
15 week 16 balance
16 balance 17 and
17 and 18 strength
17 and 19 /
19 / 22 intervention
20 power 22 intervention
21 exercise 22 intervention
23 3 24 times
24 times 25 per
25 per 26 week
27 , 28 with
28 with 31 session
28 with 40 )
29 each 31 session
30 training 31 session
31 session 32 lasting
31 session 39 time
32 lasting 34 min
33 30 34 min
34 min 35 .
36 ( 39 time
37 actual 38 training
38 training 39 time
39 time 40 )

one intervention group will complete an extensive supervised training program , while the other intervention group will complete a short version ( ['] 3 times 3 ['] [ )(that is home - based [and] [controlled] by weekly phone calls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 complete
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 one 3 group
2 intervention 3 group
3 group 4 will
4 will 5 complete
5 complete 10 program
6 an 7 extensive
6 an 10 program
7 extensive 9 training
8 supervised 9 training
9 training 10 program
11 , 18 complete
12 while 16 group
12 while 17 will
12 while 18 complete
13 the 14 other
14 other 16 group
15 intervention 16 group
16 group 17 will
18 complete 21 version
19 a 21 version
20 short 21 version
21 version 25 times
21 version 33 based
22 ( 25 times
24 3 25 times
25 times 26 3
25 times 31 home
25 times 32 -
26 3 31 home
29 )(that 30 is
30 is 31 home
32 - 33 based
33 based 36 by
33 based 40 .
36 by 39 calls
37 weekly 39 calls
38 phone 39 calls

post - tests will be conducted right after the intervention period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 post 2 -
1 post 3 tests
3 tests 4 will
4 will 5 be
5 be 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 right
7 right 8 after
8 after 11 period
9 the 11 period
10 intervention 11 period

additionally , detraining effects will be measured 12 weeks after program cessation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 effects
3 detraining 4 effects
4 effects 5 will
5 will 6 be
6 be 7 measured
7 measured 10 after
8 12 9 weeks
9 weeks 10 after
10 after 12 cessation
11 program 12 cessation

the control group / waiting group will not participate in any specific intervention during the experimental period , but will receive the extensive supervised program after the experimental period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 4 /
3 group 19 but
4 / 6 group
5 waiting 6 group
7 will 8 not
7 will 9 participate
7 will 19 but
9 participate 10 in
9 participate 14 during
10 in 13 intervention
11 any 13 intervention
12 specific 13 intervention
14 during 17 period
15 the 17 period
16 experimental 17 period
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 will
20 will 21 receive
21 receive 25 program
21 receive 26 after
22 the 25 program
23 extensive 25 program
24 supervised 25 program
26 after 29 period
27 the 29 period
28 experimental 29 period

discussion : it is expected that particularly the supervised combination of balance and strength / power training will improve performance in variables of balance , strength / power , body composition , cognitive function , psychosocial well - being , and [falls] self - efficacy of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 5 expected
2 : 29 ,
2 : 32 ,
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 expected
5 expected 6 that
6 that 13 and
6 that 19 improve
7 particularly 13 and
8 the 10 combination
9 supervised 10 combination
10 combination 11 of
10 combination 13 and
11 of 12 balance
13 and 14 strength
13 and 15 /
13 and 17 training
13 and 19 improve
15 / 16 power
17 training 18 will
19 improve 20 performance
20 performance 21 in
20 performance 23 of
20 performance 26 strength
21 in 22 variables
23 of 24 balance
25 , 26 strength
26 strength 27 /
26 strength 29 ,
27 / 28 power
29 , 31 composition
30 body 31 composition
32 , 34 function
32 , 35 ,
33 cognitive 34 function
35 , 37 well
35 , 38 -
36 psychosocial 37 well
38 - 41 and
38 - 44 -
39 being 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 43 self
44 - 45 efficacy
45 efficacy 46 of
46 of 48 adults
47 older 48 adults

in addition , information regarding fall risk assessment , dose - response - relations , detraining effects , and supervision of training will be provided . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 addition
3 , 8 assessment
3 , 9 ,
4 information 6 fall
5 regarding 6 fall
6 fall 8 assessment
7 risk 8 assessment
9 , 10 dose
9 , 11 -
11 - 12 response
11 - 13 -
11 - 24 be
11 - 26 .
13 - 24 be
14 relations 15 ,
15 , 17 effects
15 , 19 and
16 detraining 17 effects
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 supervision
19 and 21 of
19 and 23 will
21 of 22 training
23 will 24 be
24 be 25 provided

further , training - induced health - relevant changes , such as improved performance in activities of daily living , cognitive function , and quality of life , as well as a reduced risk [for] falls may help to lower costs in the health care system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 training
3 training 7 -
3 training 14 performance
3 training 15 in
3 training 30 well
3 training 31 as
3 training 37 may
4 - 7 -
5 induced 6 health
6 health 7 -
7 - 9 changes
7 - 10 ,
8 relevant 9 changes
11 such 14 performance
12 as 13 improved
13 improved 14 performance
15 in 24 and
16 activities 17 of
16 activities 20 ,
17 of 19 living
18 daily 19 living
20 , 22 function
20 , 24 and
21 cognitive 22 function
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 quality
24 and 28 ,
25 quality 26 of
26 of 27 life
29 as 30 well
31 as 34 risk
31 as 36 falls
32 a 34 risk
33 reduced 34 risk
34 risk 36 falls
37 may 38 help
38 help 39 to
39 to 40 lower
40 lower 41 costs
40 lower 42 in
42 in 46 system
43 the 46 system
44 health 45 care
45 care 46 system

finally , practitioners , therapists , and instructors will be provided with a scientifically evaluated feasible , safe , and easy - to - administer exercise [program] for fall prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 practitioners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 administer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 practitioners
3 practitioners 7 and
3 practitioners 25 administer
4 , 7 and
5 therapists 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 instructors
7 and 9 will
7 and 23 to
7 and 24 -
9 will 10 be
10 be 11 provided
11 provided 12 with
11 provided 23 to
12 with 20 and
13 a 14 scientifically
13 a 18 safe
14 scientifically 15 evaluated
16 feasible 17 ,
16 feasible 18 safe
18 safe 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 easy
20 and 22 -
25 administer 26 exercise
26 exercise 28 for
28 for 30 prevention
29 fall 30 prevention

background : the purpose of this study was to examine whether a multidisciplinary intervention targeting drug - related problems , cognitive impairment , and discharge miscommunication could reduce readmissions in a general hospital population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 was
2 : 35 .
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 30 in
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 11 whether
11 whether 16 drug
11 whether 29 readmissions
12 a 13 multidisciplinary
12 a 16 drug
13 multidisciplinary 14 intervention
14 intervention 16 drug
15 targeting 16 drug
16 drug 29 readmissions
17 - 18 related
18 related 24 and
18 related 29 readmissions
19 problems 20 ,
20 , 22 impairment
20 , 24 and
21 cognitive 22 impairment
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 discharge
24 and 26 miscommunication
24 and 28 reduce
26 miscommunication 27 could
27 could 28 reduce
30 in 34 population
31 a 32 general
31 a 34 population
32 general 33 hospital
33 hospital 34 population

methods : this prospective , [non] - randomized intervention study was carried out at the department of general internal medicine at a tertiary university hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 prospective
3 this 4 prospective
5 , 7 -
5 , 12 carried
7 - 10 study
8 randomized 9 intervention
9 intervention 10 study
10 study 11 was
11 was 12 carried
12 carried 13 out
12 carried 14 at
12 carried 21 at
14 at 16 department
15 the 16 department
16 department 17 of
17 of 20 medicine
18 general 20 medicine
19 internal 20 medicine
21 at 25 hospital
22 a 23 tertiary
22 a 25 hospital
23 tertiary 24 university
24 university 25 hospital

two hundred medical inpatients living in the community and aged over 60 years were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inpatients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 two 2 hundred
2 hundred 4 inpatients
3 medical 4 inpatients
4 inpatients 5 living
4 inpatients 14 were
5 living 6 in
5 living 11 over
6 in 9 and
7 the 8 community
8 community 9 and
9 and 10 aged
11 over 13 years
12 60 13 years
14 were 15 included

ninety - nine patients received interventions and 101 received standard care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 ninety 2 -
2 - 3 nine
2 - 4 patients
4 patients 5 received
5 received 6 interventions
7 and 8 101
7 and 9 received
8 101 9 received
9 received 11 care
10 standard 11 care

control/intervention allocation was determined by geographic selection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 allocation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 control/intervention 2 allocation
2 allocation 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
5 by 7 selection
6 geographic 7 selection

interventions consisted of a comprehensive medication review , improved discharge planning , post - discharge telephone [follow] - up , and liaison with the patient 's general practitioner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 interventions 2 consisted
2 consisted 3 of
3 of 7 review
4 a 7 review
5 comprehensive 6 medication
6 medication 7 review
7 review 10 discharge
8 , 10 discharge
9 improved 10 discharge
10 discharge 11 planning
10 discharge 13 post
10 discharge 14 -
12 , 13 post
13 post 14 -
14 - 16 telephone
14 - 18 -
15 discharge 16 telephone
18 - 21 and
19 up 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 liaison
21 and 23 with
23 with 28 practitioner
24 the 25 patient
25 patient 26 's
26 's 28 practitioner
27 general 28 practitioner

the main outcome measures recorded were readmissions and hospital nights 12 months after discharge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 4 measures
3 outcome 4 measures
4 measures 5 recorded
4 measures 6 were
6 were 8 and
7 readmissions 8 and
8 and 10 nights
9 hospital 10 nights
10 nights 13 after
11 12 12 months
12 months 13 after
13 after 14 discharge

separate analyses were made for 12 [-] month survivors and from an intention - to [-] treat perspective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 separate 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 were
3 were 4 made
4 made 10 and
5 for 9 survivors
5 for 10 and
6 12 8 month
8 month 9 survivors
10 and 11 from
11 from 13 intention
12 an 13 intention
14 - 15 to
14 - 17 treat
15 to 17 treat
17 treat 18 perspective

comparative analyses were made between groups as well as within groups over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 comparative 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 were
3 were 4 made
4 made 5 between
4 made 7 as
4 made 9 as
4 made 12 over
5 between 6 groups
7 as 8 well
9 as 10 within
10 within 11 groups
12 over 13 time

results : after 12 months , survivors in the control group had 125 readmissions in total , compared with 58 in the intervention group ( mann - whitney u [test] , p = 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 after
3 after 5 months
4 12 5 months
6 , 7 survivors
6 , 12 had
7 survivors 8 in
7 survivors 12 had
8 in 11 group
9 the 11 group
10 control 11 group
12 had 13 125
12 had 17 ,
14 readmissions 16 total
14 readmissions 17 ,
15 in 16 total
17 , 18 compared
18 compared 19 with
19 with 20 58
20 58 21 in
21 in 24 group
22 the 24 group
23 intervention 24 group
24 group 26 mann
25 ( 26 mann
26 mann 28 whitney
26 mann 35 )
27 - 28 whitney
28 whitney 33 =
28 whitney 35 )
29 u 33 =
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.02

for hospital nights , the numbers were 1,228 and 492 , respectively [(] p = 0.009 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 numbers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 3 nights
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 numbers
2 hospital 3 nights
5 the 6 numbers
6 numbers 7 were
7 were 9 and
8 1,228 9 and
9 and 10 492
9 and 15 =
11 , 12 respectively
11 , 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.009
15 = 17 )

yearly admissions had increased from the previous year in the control group from 77 to 125 ( wilcoxon signed - rank [test] , p = 0.002 ) and decreased from 75 to 58 in the intervention group ( p = 0.25 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yearly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 yearly 2 admissions
1 yearly 3 had
1 yearly 4 increased
2 admissions 3 had
4 increased 5 from
4 increased 9 in
4 increased 12 group
5 from 8 year
6 the 7 previous
6 the 8 year
9 in 11 control
10 the 11 control
12 group 15 to
12 group 18 wilcoxon
13 from 15 to
14 77 15 to
15 to 16 125
17 ( 18 wilcoxon
18 wilcoxon 19 signed
18 wilcoxon 20 -
20 - 28 and
20 - 43 .
21 rank 25 =
21 rank 28 and
23 , 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.002
25 = 27 )
28 and 29 decreased
29 decreased 32 to
29 decreased 34 in
29 decreased 40 =
30 from 32 to
31 75 32 to
32 to 33 58
34 in 37 group
35 the 37 group
36 intervention 37 group
38 ( 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.25
40 = 42 )

from the intention - to [-] treat perspective , the same general pattern was observed but was not significant ( 1,827 versus 1,008 hospital nights , mann - whitney [test] , p = 0.054 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 from 3 intention
1 from 9 ,
1 from 13 pattern
2 the 3 intention
3 intention 5 to
4 - 5 to
5 to 7 treat
5 to 9 ,
7 treat 8 perspective
10 the 11 same
10 the 13 pattern
12 general 13 pattern
13 pattern 14 was
14 was 16 but
15 observed 16 but
16 but 17 was
17 was 18 not
17 was 27 mann
19 significant 21 1,827
19 significant 26 ,
19 significant 27 mann
20 ( 21 1,827
21 1,827 22 versus
21 1,827 26 ,
22 versus 25 nights
23 1,008 25 nights
24 hospital 25 nights
27 mann 29 whitney
28 - 29 whitney
29 whitney 33 =
29 whitney 35 )
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.054
33 = 35 )

conclusion : a multidisciplinary approach , targeting several different areas , could substantially lower readmissions and hospital costs in a [non] [-] terminal general hospital population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 approach
2 : 14 lower
2 : 27 .
3 a 5 approach
4 multidisciplinary 5 approach
5 approach 7 targeting
5 approach 12 could
6 , 7 targeting
7 targeting 10 areas
7 targeting 11 ,
8 several 10 areas
9 different 10 areas
12 could 14 lower
13 substantially 14 lower
14 lower 16 and
14 lower 19 in
15 readmissions 16 and
16 and 18 costs
17 hospital 18 costs
19 in 26 population
20 a 26 population
23 terminal 24 general
24 general 26 population
25 hospital 26 population

background : [pulsed] electromagnetic [field] ( pemf ) therapy has shown promising therapeutic effectiveness [on] [bone] - and cartilage - related pathologies , being also safe for management of knee osteoarthritis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 9 therapy
2 : 11 shown
4 electromagnetic 7 pemf
4 electromagnetic 9 therapy
6 ( 7 pemf
7 pemf 8 )
9 therapy 10 has
10 has 11 shown
11 shown 14 effectiveness
11 shown 18 and
12 promising 14 effectiveness
13 therapeutic 14 effectiveness
17 - 18 and
18 and 19 cartilage
19 cartilage 24 being
19 cartilage 29 of
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 pathologies
21 related 23 ,
21 related 24 being
24 being 25 also
24 being 26 safe
26 safe 27 for
27 for 28 management
29 of 31 osteoarthritis
30 knee 31 osteoarthritis

aim : the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a pemf device for management of knee osteoarthritis in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
2 : 26 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 23 in
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 13 efficacy
11 the 13 efficacy
12 clinical 13 efficacy
13 efficacy 14 of
14 of 17 device
15 a 17 device
16 pemf 17 device
17 device 18 for
17 device 20 of
18 for 19 management
20 of 22 osteoarthritis
21 knee 22 osteoarthritis
23 in 25 patients
24 elderly 25 patients

materials and methods : a total of 33 patients were screened , and 28 patients , aged between 60 and 83 and affected by bilateral knee osteoarthritis , were enrolled in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 13 and
4 : 28 ,
4 : 34 .
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
6 total 13 and
7 of 8 33
8 33 9 patients
8 33 10 were
8 33 11 screened
9 patients 10 were
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 patients
13 and 16 ,
13 and 22 and
13 and 28 ,
14 28 15 patients
17 aged 18 between
17 aged 22 and
18 between 20 and
19 60 20 and
20 and 21 83
22 and 23 affected
22 and 24 by
22 and 25 bilateral
26 knee 27 osteoarthritis
26 knee 28 ,
28 , 29 were
29 were 30 enrolled
30 enrolled 31 in
31 in 33 study
32 this 33 study

they received pemf therapy on the right leg for a total of [three] 30 - minute sessions per week for a period of 6 weeks , while the left leg did not receive any treatment and served as control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 they 36 and
2 received 4 therapy
2 received 5 on
2 received 27 while
2 received 36 and
3 pemf 4 therapy
5 on 8 leg
6 the 8 leg
7 right 8 leg
8 leg 9 for
8 leg 12 of
8 leg 17 sessions
9 for 11 total
10 a 11 total
12 of 14 30
15 - 17 sessions
16 minute 17 sessions
17 sessions 18 per
17 sessions 20 for
17 sessions 23 of
17 sessions 26 ,
18 per 19 week
20 for 22 period
21 a 22 period
23 of 25 weeks
24 6 25 weeks
27 while 30 leg
27 while 33 receive
28 the 30 leg
29 left 30 leg
30 leg 31 did
31 did 32 not
31 did 33 receive
33 receive 35 treatment
34 any 35 treatment
36 and 37 served
36 and 38 as
38 as 39 control

an intravenous drip containing ketoprofen , sodium clodronate , glucosamine [sulfate] , calcitonin , and ascorbic acid , for a total volume of 500 ml , was administered during pemf therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 drip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 an 3 drip
2 intravenous 3 drip
3 drip 4 containing
3 drip 8 clodronate
3 drip 10 glucosamine
3 drip 27 was
4 containing 5 ketoprofen
6 , 8 clodronate
7 sodium 8 clodronate
8 clodronate 9 ,
9 , 10 glucosamine
10 glucosamine 15 and
10 glucosamine 26 ,
12 , 15 and
13 calcitonin 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 acid
15 and 18 ,
15 and 19 for
15 and 26 ,
16 ascorbic 17 acid
18 , 19 for
19 for 22 volume
19 for 26 ,
20 a 22 volume
21 total 22 volume
22 volume 23 of
23 of 25 ml
24 500 25 ml
27 was 28 administered
28 administered 29 during
29 during 31 therapy
30 pemf 31 therapy

at baseline and 3 months post - pemf therapy , visual analog scale ( vas ) was used to assess knee pain and western ontario mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index ( womac ) was used to measure knee pain , stiffness and physical function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 post
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 at 3 and
1 at 6 post
2 baseline 3 and
3 and 5 months
4 3 5 months
6 post 9 therapy
6 post 15 vas
6 post 17 was
7 - 9 therapy
8 pemf 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 ,
10 , 15 vas
11 visual 12 analog
12 analog 13 scale
13 scale 15 vas
14 ( 15 vas
15 vas 16 )
17 was 18 used
18 used 19 to
18 used 20 assess
19 to 20 assess
20 assess 22 pain
21 knee 22 pain
23 and 31 womac
23 and 34 used
24 western 25 ontario
25 ontario 26 mcmaster
26 mcmaster 27 universities
27 universities 28 osteoarthritis
28 osteoarthritis 29 index
29 index 31 womac
30 ( 31 womac
31 womac 32 )
31 womac 33 was
33 was 34 used
34 used 35 to
35 to 36 measure
36 measure 41 and
37 knee 38 pain
38 pain 39 ,
39 , 40 stiffness
39 , 41 and
41 and 43 function
42 physical 43 function

results : changes in vas and womac scores were calculated for both knees as baseline minus post - treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 changes
2 : 4 in
4 in 5 vas
6 and 8 scores
6 and 10 calculated
7 womac 8 scores
8 scores 9 were
9 were 10 calculated
10 calculated 11 for
11 for 13 knees
12 both 13 knees
13 knees 14 as
13 knees 19 treatment
14 as 17 post
15 baseline 16 minus
16 minus 17 post
18 - 19 treatment
19 treatment 20 .

a two sample student 's [t] [-] test , comparing change in knee - related vas pain for pemf - treated leg ( 49.8 ± 2.03 ) vs control leg ( 11 ± 1.1 ) , [showed] a significant difference in favor of pemf therapy ( p < 0.001 ) . 
1 a 3 sample
2 two 3 sample
3 sample 5 's
3 sample 8 test
3 sample 15 related
4 student 5 's
5 's 8 test
8 test 10 comparing
9 , 10 comparing
10 comparing 11 change
10 comparing 14 -
11 change 12 in
12 in 13 knee
15 related 17 pain
16 vas 17 pain
17 pain 18 for
17 pain 28 vs
18 for 19 pemf
19 pemf 22 leg
20 - 22 leg
21 treated 22 leg
22 leg 25 ±
22 leg 27 )
23 ( 25 ±
24 49.8 25 ±
25 ± 26 2.03
25 ± 27 )
28 vs 30 leg
29 control 30 leg
30 leg 33 ±
30 leg 40 difference
31 ( 33 ±
32 11 33 ±
33 ± 34 1.1
33 ± 35 )
36 , 40 difference
38 a 39 significant
38 a 40 difference
39 significant 40 difference
40 difference 41 in
40 difference 43 of
40 difference 48 <
40 difference 51 .
41 in 42 favor
43 of 45 therapy
44 pemf 45 therapy
46 ( 48 <
47 p 48 <
48 < 49 0.001
48 < 50 )

[a] two sample student 's [t] - test comparing change in knee - related womac pain , stiffness , and physical function for pemf - treated leg ( 8.5 ± 0.4 , 3.5 ± 0.2 , 38.5 ± 2.08 , respectively [ )( control leg ( 2.6 ± 0.2 ; 1.6 ± 0.1 ; 4.5 ± 0.5 respectively [ )( also showed a significant difference in favor of pemf therapy ( p < 0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
2 two 3 sample
3 sample 5 's
4 student 5 's
7 - 8 test
7 - 13 -
7 - 17 ,
8 test 10 change
8 test 11 in
9 comparing 10 change
11 in 12 knee
13 - 16 pain
14 related 16 pain
15 womac 16 pain
17 , 20 and
17 , 22 function
17 , 25 -
18 stiffness 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 physical
20 and 22 function
22 function 23 for
23 for 24 pemf
25 - 27 leg
25 - 32 ,
26 treated 27 leg
27 leg 30 ±
28 ( 30 ±
29 8.5 30 ±
30 ± 31 0.4
30 ± 32 ,
32 , 33 3.5
32 , 34 ±
32 , 40 ,
33 3.5 34 ±
34 ± 35 0.2
35 0.2 38 ±
36 , 38 ±
37 38.5 38 ±
38 ± 39 2.08
38 ± 40 ,
40 , 44 control
40 , 50 ;
41 respectively 44 control
44 control 45 leg
45 leg 48 ±
46 ( 48 ±
47 2.6 48 ±
48 ± 49 0.2
48 ± 50 ;
50 ; 51 1.6
50 ; 52 ±
50 ; 54 ;
51 1.6 52 ±
52 ± 53 0.1
54 ; 56 ±
54 ; 62 showed
55 4.5 56 ±
56 ± 57 0.5
56 ± 62 showed
58 respectively 62 showed
61 also 62 showed
62 showed 65 difference
62 showed 66 in
62 showed 70 therapy
63 a 65 difference
64 significant 65 difference
66 in 67 favor
67 favor 68 of
68 of 69 pemf
70 therapy 73 <
71 ( 73 <
72 p 73 <
73 < 74 0.001
73 < 76 )(

no adverse reactions to therapy were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 no 3 reactions
2 adverse 3 reactions
3 reactions 4 to
3 reactions 6 were
4 to 5 therapy
6 were 7 observed

conclusion : the present study shows that pemf therapy improves pain , stiffness and physical function in elderly patients affected by knee osteoarthritis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 shows
2 : 24 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 shows
6 shows 7 that
7 that 9 therapy
7 that 10 improves
8 pemf 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 improves
10 improves 14 and
11 pain 12 ,
12 , 13 stiffness
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 function
14 and 17 in
14 and 20 affected
14 and 21 by
15 physical 16 function
17 in 19 patients
18 elderly 19 patients
21 by 23 osteoarthritis
22 knee 23 osteoarthritis

background : patients with nursing home acquired pneumonia ( nhap ) present a distinct group of lower respiratory track infections with different risk factors , clinical presentation , and mortality rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 patients
2 : 12 present
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 6 home
3 patients 7 acquired
3 patients 12 present
4 with 5 nursing
6 home 7 acquired
7 acquired 8 pneumonia
8 pneumonia 10 nhap
9 ( 10 nhap
10 nhap 11 )
12 present 20 infections
12 present 21 with
13 a 14 distinct
13 a 15 group
14 distinct 15 group
15 group 16 of
15 group 20 infections
16 of 20 infections
17 lower 19 track
18 respiratory 19 track
19 track 20 infections
21 with 29 and
22 different 24 factors
23 risk 24 factors
24 factors 25 ,
25 , 27 presentation
25 , 29 and
26 clinical 27 presentation
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 rates
30 mortality 31 rates

objectives : to evaluate the diagnostic value of clinical pulmonary infection [score] ( cpis ) , c - reactive protein , and procalcitonin [and] to compare the accuracy of pneumonia severity scores ( confusion , urea nitrogen , breathing frequency , blood pressure [,] ≥ 65 [y] of age [ curb - 65 []] [;] pneumonia severity index [;] nhap index [;] systolic blood pressure , multilobar involvement , albumin , breathing frequency , tachycardia , confusion , oxygen , arterial ph [[] smart - cop []] [;] and systolic blood pressure , oxygen , age > [65] [y] , breathing frequency [ soar ] ) in predicting [in] - patient mortality from nhap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 value
5 the 7 value
6 diagnostic 7 value
7 value 8 of
7 value 14 cpis
7 value 18 -
8 of 11 infection
9 clinical 11 infection
10 pulmonary 11 infection
13 ( 14 cpis
14 cpis 15 )
16 , 18 -
17 c 18 -
18 - 30 pneumonia
19 reactive 20 protein
20 protein 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 procalcitonin
22 and 25 to
22 and 29 of
22 and 30 pneumonia
25 to 26 compare
26 compare 28 accuracy
27 the 28 accuracy
28 accuracy 29 of
30 pneumonia 32 scores
30 pneumonia 42 blood
31 severity 32 scores
32 scores 34 confusion
32 scores 37 nitrogen
32 scores 42 blood
33 ( 34 confusion
34 confusion 35 ,
35 , 37 nitrogen
36 urea 37 nitrogen
37 nitrogen 40 frequency
37 nitrogen 41 ,
38 , 40 frequency
39 breathing 40 frequency
40 frequency 41 ,
42 blood 45 ≥
42 blood 52 -
43 pressure 45 ≥
45 ≥ 46 65
45 ≥ 48 of
48 of 49 age
50 [ 52 -
51 curb 52 -
52 - 56 pneumonia
53 65 56 pneumonia
56 pneumonia 60 nhap
56 pneumonia 61 index
57 severity 60 nhap
58 index 60 nhap
60 nhap 61 index
61 index 73 frequency
63 systolic 70 albumin
63 systolic 71 ,
63 systolic 73 frequency
64 blood 65 pressure
65 pressure 68 involvement
66 , 68 involvement
67 multilobar 68 involvement
68 involvement 69 ,
69 , 70 albumin
70 albumin 71 ,
72 breathing 73 frequency
73 frequency 85 -
74 , 85 -
75 tachycardia 77 confusion
75 tachycardia 80 ,
75 tachycardia 82 ph
76 , 77 confusion
77 confusion 79 oxygen
77 confusion 80 ,
78 , 79 oxygen
79 oxygen 80 ,
81 arterial 82 ph
82 ph 84 smart
84 smart 85 -
85 - 89 and
86 cop 89 and
89 and 91 blood
89 and 95 ,
89 and 96 age
89 and 97 >
90 systolic 91 blood
92 pressure 94 oxygen
93 , 94 oxygen
94 oxygen 95 ,
96 age 97 >
97 > 101 breathing
97 > 107 in
100 , 101 breathing
101 breathing 102 frequency
101 breathing 106 )
102 frequency 104 soar
103 [ 104 soar
104 soar 105 ]
107 in 108 predicting
108 predicting 112 mortality
110 - 112 mortality
111 patient 112 mortality
112 mortality 113 from
112 mortality 115 .
113 from 114 nhap

methods : nursing home residents admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 residents
2 : 15 enrolled
2 : 19 .
3 nursing 5 residents
4 home 5 residents
5 residents 6 admitted
5 residents 7 to
5 residents 10 with
5 residents 14 were
7 to 9 hospital
8 the 9 hospital
10 with 13 illness
11 acute 13 illness
12 respiratory 13 illness
14 were 15 enrolled
15 enrolled 16 in
16 in 18 study
17 the 18 study

subjects were classified as having nhap ( group a ) or other pulmonary disorders ( group b ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 classified
3 classified 4 as
4 as 14 disorders
5 having 14 disorders
6 nhap 8 group
6 nhap 11 or
7 ( 8 group
8 group 9 a
8 group 10 )
11 or 12 other
11 or 14 disorders
13 pulmonary 14 disorders
14 disorders 16 group
15 ( 16 group
16 group 17 b
16 group 18 )

clinical , imaging , and laboratory data were assessed to compute cpis and severity scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 clinical 2 ,
2 , 3 imaging
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 7 data
5 and 8 were
6 laboratory 7 data
8 were 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 to
10 to 11 compute
11 compute 13 and
12 cpis 13 and
13 and 15 scores
14 severity 15 scores

c - reactive protein and procalcitonin were measured by immunonephelometry and immunoassay , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
1 c 2 -
2 - 5 and
3 reactive 4 protein
4 protein 5 and
5 and 6 procalcitonin
5 and 11 and
7 were 8 measured
7 were 11 and
8 measured 9 by
9 by 10 immunonephelometry
11 and 12 immunoassay
11 and 14 respectively
13 , 14 respectively
14 respectively 15 .

results : fifty - eight subjects were diagnosed with nhap ( group a ) and 29 [with] other pulmonary disorders ( group b ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 subjects
2 : 8 diagnosed
2 : 25 .
3 fifty 4 -
4 - 5 eight
4 - 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 were
7 were 8 diagnosed
8 diagnosed 9 with
9 with 15 and
10 nhap 12 group
10 nhap 15 and
11 ( 12 group
12 group 13 a
12 group 14 )
15 and 20 disorders
15 and 22 group
16 29 18 other
18 other 20 disorders
19 pulmonary 20 disorders
21 ( 22 group
22 group 23 b
22 group 24 )

the mean [c] - reactive protein ± sd was 16.38 ± [8.6] mg/dl in group a and 5.2 ± 5.6 mg/dl in group b ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 sd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 7 ±
2 mean 4 -
2 mean 6 protein
5 reactive 6 protein
6 protein 7 ±
7 ± 8 sd
8 sd 9 was
9 was 13 mg/dl
9 was 14 in
10 16.38 13 mg/dl
11 ± 13 mg/dl
14 in 15 group
15 group 16 a
17 and 18 5.2
17 and 19 ±
18 5.2 19 ±
19 ± 21 mg/dl
19 ± 22 in
19 ± 27 <
20 5.6 21 mg/dl
22 in 23 group
24 b 27 <
25 ( 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 29 001
27 < 30 )

the mean procalcitonin ± sd was [1.52] ± 2.75 ng/ml in group a and 0.24 ± 0.21 ng/ml in group b ( p = [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 ±
2 mean 3 procalcitonin
3 procalcitonin 4 ±
4 ± 5 sd
5 sd 6 was
6 was 8 ±
8 ± 10 ng/ml
8 ± 11 in
9 2.75 10 ng/ml
11 in 12 group
12 group 13 a
14 and 15 0.24
14 and 16 ±
15 0.24 16 ±
16 ± 18 ng/ml
16 ± 19 in
16 ± 24 =
17 0.21 18 ng/ml
19 in 20 group
21 b 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 26 001
24 = 27 )

the mean cpis ± sd was 5.4 ± 1.2 in group a and 2.3 ± 1.5 in group b ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 4 ±
2 mean 4 ±
3 cpis 4 ±
4 ± 5 sd
5 sd 6 was
6 was 8 ±
6 was 10 in
6 was 17 in
7 5.4 8 ±
8 ± 9 1.2
10 in 13 and
11 group 12 a
11 group 13 and
13 and 15 ±
14 2.3 15 ±
15 ± 16 1.5
17 in 18 group
18 group 22 <
19 b 22 <
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 24 001
22 < 25 )

at a cutoff value of 0.475 ng/ml , procalcitonin had a sensitivity of 83 % and a specificity of 72 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 procalcitonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 at 4 value
1 at 8 ,
1 at 9 procalcitonin
2 a 3 cutoff
2 a 4 value
3 cutoff 4 value
4 value 5 of
5 of 7 ng/ml
6 0.475 7 ng/ml
9 procalcitonin 10 had
10 had 16 and
11 a 12 sensitivity
12 sensitivity 13 of
12 sensitivity 16 and
13 of 15 %
14 83 15 %
16 and 18 specificity
16 and 19 of
17 a 18 specificity
19 of 21 %
20 72 21 %

at a cutoff value [of] 8.05 mg/dl , c - reactive protein had a sensitivity of 81 % and a specificity of 79 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 at 3 cutoff
1 at 4 value
2 a 3 cutoff
4 value 7 mg/dl
6 8.05 7 mg/dl
8 , 9 c
8 , 10 -
9 c 10 -
10 - 12 protein
11 reactive 12 protein
12 protein 13 had
13 had 19 and
14 a 15 sensitivity
15 sensitivity 16 of
15 sensitivity 19 and
16 of 18 %
17 81 18 %
19 and 21 specificity
19 and 22 of
20 a 21 specificity
22 of 24 %
23 79 24 %

procalcitonin and c - reactive protein levels were significantly higher in gram - positive nhap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 procalcitonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
2 and 3 c
2 and 4 -
3 c 4 -
4 - 7 levels
5 reactive 6 protein
6 protein 7 levels
7 levels 8 were
8 were 10 higher
9 significantly 10 higher
10 higher 11 in
11 in 12 gram
12 gram 15 nhap
13 - 15 nhap
14 positive 15 nhap
15 nhap 16 .

the [in] [-] patient mortality was 17.2 % in group a [.] procalcitonin levels were 4.67 ± 5.4 ng/ml in [non] - survivors and 0.86 ± 0.9 ng/ml in survivors ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 5 mortality
4 patient 5 mortality
5 mortality 6 was
6 was 14 levels
7 17.2 9 in
8 % 9 in
9 in 14 levels
10 group 11 a
10 group 13 procalcitonin
13 procalcitonin 14 levels
14 levels 15 were
14 levels 20 in
15 were 16 4.67
15 were 19 ng/ml
15 were 20 in
16 4.67 17 ±
18 5.4 19 ng/ml
22 - 23 survivors
22 - 24 and
24 and 25 0.86
24 and 26 ±
25 0.86 26 ±
26 ± 28 ng/ml
26 ± 29 in
26 ± 33 <
27 0.9 28 ng/ml
29 in 30 survivors
31 ( 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 35 001
33 < 36 )

the area under the curve for procalcitonin in predicting in [-] patient mortality was 0.84 ( 95 % ci 0.70 - 0.98 , p = [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 area
2 area 3 under
2 area 8 in
2 area 14 was
3 under 5 curve
4 the 5 curve
5 curve 6 for
6 for 7 procalcitonin
8 in 9 predicting
9 predicting 10 in
10 in 13 mortality
12 patient 13 mortality
14 was 15 0.84
15 0.84 19 ci
16 ( 19 ci
17 95 19 ci
18 % 19 ci
19 ci 21 -
19 ci 25 =
19 ci 28 )
20 0.70 21 -
21 - 22 0.98
23 , 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 27 001

a procalcitonin level upon [admission] > 1.1 ng/ml was an independent predictor of in [-] patient mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 procalcitonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 procalcitonin
2 procalcitonin 3 level
2 procalcitonin 9 was
3 level 4 upon
4 upon 8 ng/ml
6 > 7 1.1
7 1.1 8 ng/ml
9 was 12 predictor
10 an 11 independent
10 an 12 predictor
11 independent 12 predictor
12 predictor 13 of
13 of 14 in
14 in 17 mortality
16 patient 17 mortality

of the pneumonia severity scores , curb - 65 showed greater accuracy in predicting in - patient mortality ( area under the curve of 0.68 , 95 % ci 0.53 - 0.84 , p = . 06 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 p
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 of 5 scores
1 of 33 ,
1 of 34 p
2 the 5 scores
3 pneumonia 5 scores
4 severity 5 scores
5 scores 7 curb
5 scores 18 mortality
6 , 7 curb
7 curb 9 65
7 curb 15 in
7 curb 16 -
8 - 9 65
9 65 10 showed
10 showed 12 accuracy
10 showed 13 in
10 showed 15 in
11 greater 12 accuracy
13 in 14 predicting
16 - 18 mortality
17 patient 18 mortality
18 mortality 20 area
18 mortality 29 ci
18 mortality 33 ,
19 ( 20 area
20 area 21 under
20 area 26 ,
21 under 23 curve
22 the 23 curve
23 curve 24 of
24 of 25 0.68
26 , 29 ci
27 95 29 ci
28 % 29 ci
29 ci 31 -
29 ci 33 ,
30 0.53 31 -
31 - 32 0.84
34 p 35 =
36 . 37 06
36 . 39 )(

conclusions : cpis , procalcitonin , and [c] [-] reactive protein are reliable for the diagnosis of nhap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 cpis
4 , 7 and
4 , 12 are
5 procalcitonin 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 11 protein
7 and 12 are
10 reactive 11 protein
12 are 13 reliable
13 reliable 14 for
14 for 16 diagnosis
15 the 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 of
17 of 18 nhap

procalcitonin and curb - 65 are accurate in predicting in - patient mortality in nhap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 procalcitonin 2 and
2 and 3 curb
2 and 5 65
2 and 10 in
4 - 5 65
5 65 6 are
6 are 7 accurate
7 accurate 8 in
7 accurate 10 in
8 in 9 predicting
11 - 13 mortality
12 patient 13 mortality
13 mortality 14 in
14 in 15 nhap

the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( ahr ) is a nuclear receptor that regulates xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 receptor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 receptor
2 aryl 4 receptor
3 hydrocarbon 4 receptor
4 receptor 6 ahr
4 receptor 8 is
5 ( 6 ahr
6 ahr 7 )
8 is 11 receptor
9 a 10 nuclear
9 a 11 receptor
10 nuclear 11 receptor
11 receptor 12 that
11 receptor 13 regulates
12 that 13 regulates
13 regulates 16 and
14 xenobiotic 15 metabolism
15 metabolism 16 and
16 and 17 detoxification

herein , we report a previously undescribed role for the ahr signaling pathway as an essential defense mechanism in the pathogenesis of early dry age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) , the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
1 herein 2 ,
1 herein 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 8 role
4 report 14 as
4 report 19 in
5 a 6 previously
5 a 8 role
6 previously 7 undescribed
7 undescribed 8 role
8 role 9 for
9 for 13 pathway
10 the 13 pathway
11 ahr 13 pathway
12 signaling 13 pathway
14 as 18 mechanism
15 an 16 essential
15 an 18 mechanism
16 essential 17 defense
17 defense 18 mechanism
19 in 21 pathogenesis
20 the 21 pathogenesis
21 pathogenesis 22 of
21 pathogenesis 29 degeneration
21 pathogenesis 36 cause
22 of 25 age
23 early 25 age
24 dry 25 age
26 - 29 degeneration
27 related 29 degeneration
28 macular 29 degeneration
29 degeneration 31 amd
29 degeneration 32 )
30 ( 31 amd
31 amd 32 )
33 , 36 cause
34 the 36 cause
35 leading 36 cause
36 cause 37 of
36 cause 43 .
37 of 39 loss
38 vision 39 loss
39 loss 40 in
40 in 42 elderly
41 the 42 elderly

we found that ahr activity and protein levels in human retinal pigment epithelial ( rpe ) cells , cells vulnerable in amd , decrease with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 activity
3 that 5 activity
4 ahr 5 activity
6 and 7 protein
6 and 8 levels
7 protein 8 levels
8 levels 9 in
8 levels 12 pigment
10 human 12 pigment
11 retinal 12 pigment
12 pigment 17 cells
12 pigment 24 decrease
13 epithelial 15 rpe
13 epithelial 16 )
13 epithelial 17 cells
14 ( 15 rpe
15 rpe 16 )
17 cells 19 cells
17 cells 24 decrease
18 , 19 cells
19 cells 20 vulnerable
19 cells 23 ,
20 vulnerable 21 in
21 in 22 amd
24 decrease 25 with
25 with 26 age

this finding is [significant] [given] that age is the most established risk factor for development of amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 is
3 is 6 that
6 that 7 age
6 that 8 is
7 age 8 is
8 is 13 factor
9 the 13 factor
10 most 11 established
11 established 13 factor
12 risk 13 factor
13 factor 14 for
13 factor 16 of
14 for 15 development
16 of 17 amd

high - serum low - density lipoprotein levels were also observed in ahr [(] - [/] - [ )(mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 serum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 high 2 -
1 high 3 serum
4 low 5 -
4 low 6 density
6 density 7 lipoprotein
7 lipoprotein 8 levels
7 lipoprotein 9 were
7 lipoprotein 11 observed
8 levels 9 were
10 also 11 observed
11 observed 12 in
11 observed 15 -
12 in 13 ahr
17 - 19 )(mice
17 - 20 .

in its oxidized form , this lipoprotein can stimulate increased secretion of extracellular matrix molecules commonly found in deposits from rpe cells , in an ahr - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 lipoprotein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 stimulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 4 form
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 lipoprotein
2 its 4 form
3 oxidized 4 form
6 this 7 lipoprotein
7 lipoprotein 8 can
8 can 9 stimulate
9 stimulate 11 secretion
9 stimulate 18 in
10 increased 11 secretion
11 secretion 12 of
11 secretion 17 found
12 of 15 molecules
13 extracellular 14 matrix
14 matrix 15 molecules
16 commonly 17 found
18 in 19 deposits
19 deposits 20 from
20 from 22 cells
21 rpe 22 cells
22 cells 24 in
23 , 24 in
24 in 26 ahr
24 in 27 -
25 an 26 ahr
27 - 29 manner
28 dependent 29 manner

this study demonstrates the importance of cellular clearance via the ahr signaling pathway in dry amd pathogenesis , implicating ahr as a potential target , and the mouse model as a useful platform for validating future therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 demonstrates
3 demonstrates 26 and
3 demonstrates 30 as
3 demonstrates 34 for
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
5 importance 26 and
6 of 8 clearance
7 cellular 8 clearance
8 clearance 9 via
8 clearance 19 implicating
9 via 13 pathway
10 the 13 pathway
11 ahr 13 pathway
12 signaling 13 pathway
13 pathway 14 in
14 in 17 pathogenesis
15 dry 17 pathogenesis
16 amd 17 pathogenesis
18 , 19 implicating
19 implicating 20 ahr
19 implicating 21 as
19 implicating 25 ,
21 as 24 target
22 a 24 target
23 potential 24 target
26 and 29 model
27 the 29 model
28 mouse 29 model
30 as 33 platform
31 a 33 platform
32 useful 33 platform
34 for 35 validating
35 validating 37 therapies
36 future 37 therapies

context : several studies suggested that low serum concentrations of 25 - hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh )d ) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 5 suggested
2 : 33 .
3 several 4 studies
4 studies 5 suggested
5 suggested 6 that
6 that 9 concentrations
6 that 22 associated
7 low 8 serum
8 serum 9 concentrations
9 concentrations 10 of
9 concentrations 21 are
10 of 11 25
11 25 13 hydroxyvitamin
12 - 13 hydroxyvitamin
13 hydroxyvitamin 14 d
13 hydroxyvitamin 18 oh
13 hydroxyvitamin 20 )
15 ( 18 oh
16 25 18 oh
17 ( 18 oh
18 oh 19 )d
18 oh 20 )
21 are 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 26 risk
24 an 26 risk
25 increased 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
26 risk 31 cvd
27 of 29 disease
28 cardiovascular 29 disease
30 ( 31 cvd
31 cvd 32 )

however , the evidence is still inconclusive , mostly based on cvd mortality and studies with single 25 ( oh )d measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 evidence
3 the 4 evidence
4 evidence 8 ,
5 is 6 still
5 is 7 inconclusive
5 is 8 ,
8 , 10 based
8 , 11 on
8 , 16 with
9 mostly 10 based
11 on 14 and
12 cvd 13 mortality
13 mortality 14 and
14 and 15 studies
16 with 22 measurements
17 single 22 measurements
18 25 20 oh
19 ( 20 oh
20 oh 21 )d
20 oh 22 measurements

objective : we aimed to assess the association of 25 ( oh )d with fatal and nonfatal cvd in the same study population , using repeated 25 ( oh )d measurements and competing risks analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assess
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 aimed
3 we 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 8 association
6 assess 25 using
7 the 8 association
8 association 9 of
8 association 14 with
8 association 19 in
9 of 12 oh
10 25 12 oh
11 ( 12 oh
12 oh 13 )d
14 with 18 cvd
15 fatal 16 and
16 and 17 nonfatal
16 and 18 cvd
19 in 23 population
20 the 21 same
21 same 23 population
22 study 23 population
24 , 25 using
25 using 35 analysis
25 using 36 .
26 repeated 31 measurements
27 25 29 oh
28 ( 29 oh
29 oh 30 )d
29 oh 31 measurements
31 measurements 32 and
32 and 34 risks
32 and 35 analysis
33 competing 34 risks

design : this was a population - based cohort study ( esther study , baseline 2000 - 2002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 was
2 : 20 .
3 this 4 was
4 was 6 population
5 a 6 population
6 population 10 study
6 population 15 baseline
7 - 10 study
8 based 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 study
10 study 13 study
10 study 14 ,
11 ( 13 study
12 esther 13 study
13 study 14 ,
14 , 15 baseline
15 baseline 17 -
15 baseline 19 )
16 2000 17 -
17 - 18 2002

follow - up data , including survival status , were collected after 2 , 5 , and 8 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 follow 3 up
1 follow 6 including
2 - 3 up
3 up 4 data
3 up 5 ,
5 , 6 including
6 including 8 status
6 including 9 ,
7 survival 8 status
9 , 10 were
10 were 17 and
11 collected 12 after
11 collected 17 and
12 after 13 2
13 2 15 5
14 , 15 5
15 5 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 years
18 8 19 years

the response rate for survival was 99.9 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 rate
2 response 3 rate
3 rate 4 for
3 rate 6 was
4 for 5 survival
6 was 8 %
7 99.9 8 %

setting : participants were recruited during a health screening examination by their general practitioners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 5 recruited
2 : 15 .
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 recruited
5 recruited 6 during
5 recruited 11 by
6 during 10 examination
7 a 8 health
7 a 10 examination
8 health 10 examination
9 screening 10 examination
11 by 14 practitioners
12 their 14 practitioners
13 general 14 practitioners

patients or other participants : a total of 9949 men and women , aged 50 to 74 years at baseline , with sufficient knowledge of the german language and resident in the german state of saarland were included in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 patients 2 or
2 or 3 other
3 other 4 participants
5 : 29 and
5 : 38 included
6 a 7 total
7 total 8 of
7 total 22 with
7 total 29 and
8 of 11 and
9 9949 10 men
10 men 11 and
11 and 12 women
11 and 14 aged
13 , 14 aged
14 aged 15 50
14 aged 16 to
14 aged 19 at
14 aged 21 ,
16 to 18 years
17 74 18 years
19 at 20 baseline
22 with 24 knowledge
23 sufficient 24 knowledge
24 knowledge 25 of
25 of 28 language
26 the 28 language
27 german 28 language
29 and 30 resident
29 and 31 in
29 and 35 of
29 and 37 were
31 in 34 state
32 the 34 state
33 german 34 state
35 of 36 saarland
37 were 38 included
38 included 39 in
39 in 41 study
40 the 41 study

main outcome measures : outcomes included cvd , coronary heart disease ( chd ) , and stroke , in total and differentiated into fatal and nonfatal events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 5 outcomes
5 outcomes 21 and
6 included 16 and
6 included 20 total
6 included 21 and
7 cvd 11 disease
7 cvd 16 and
8 , 11 disease
9 coronary 11 disease
10 heart 11 disease
11 disease 13 chd
11 disease 14 )
12 ( 13 chd
13 chd 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 stroke
16 and 18 ,
19 in 20 total
21 and 22 differentiated
22 differentiated 23 into
23 into 27 events
24 fatal 25 and
25 and 26 nonfatal
25 and 27 events

results : overall , 854 study participants had a nonfatal and [176] a fatal cvd event during 8 years of follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 , 5 854
4 , 21 follow
4 , 22 -
5 854 7 participants
5 854 20 of
5 854 21 follow
6 study 7 participants
7 participants 8 had
8 had 16 event
8 had 17 during
9 a 16 event
10 nonfatal 11 and
11 and 15 cvd
11 and 16 event
13 a 14 fatal
13 a 15 cvd
14 fatal 15 cvd
17 during 19 years
18 8 19 years
19 years 20 of
22 - 23 up

comparing subjects with 25 ( oh )d levels below 30 nmol/l and above 50 nmol/l [resulted] in a hazard ratio of 1.27 [(] 95 % confidence interval = 1.05 - 1.54 ) for total cvd and 1.62 [(] 95 % confidence interval = 1.07 - 2.48 ) for fatal cvd in a model adjusted for important potential confounders [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 levels
1 comparing 2 subjects
1 comparing 8 levels
2 subjects 3 with
3 with 6 oh
4 25 6 oh
5 ( 6 oh
6 oh 7 )d
8 levels 12 and
8 levels 15 nmol/l
9 below 11 nmol/l
9 below 12 and
10 30 11 nmol/l
12 and 13 above
14 50 15 nmol/l
15 nmol/l 17 in
17 in 20 ratio
18 a 19 hazard
18 a 20 ratio
19 hazard 20 ratio
20 ratio 21 of
21 of 22 1.27
22 1.27 25 %
22 1.27 34 total
24 95 25 %
25 % 27 interval
25 % 33 for
25 % 34 total
26 confidence 27 interval
27 interval 28 =
28 = 29 1.05
28 = 33 for
29 1.05 31 1.54
30 - 31 1.54
31 1.54 32 )
34 total 36 and
35 cvd 36 and
36 and 42 interval
36 and 47 )
36 and 48 for
37 1.62 41 confidence
39 95 40 %
40 % 41 confidence
41 confidence 42 interval
42 interval 45 -
43 = 44 1.07
44 1.07 45 -
45 - 46 2.48
48 for 50 cvd
49 fatal 50 cvd
50 cvd 51 in
50 cvd 54 adjusted
50 cvd 55 for
51 in 53 model
52 a 53 model
55 for 58 confounders
56 important 58 confounders
57 potential 58 confounders

no significant association for nonfatal cvd was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 no 3 association
2 significant 3 association
3 association 4 for
3 association 7 was
4 for 6 cvd
5 nonfatal 6 cvd
7 was 8 observed

in dose - response analysis , we observed an increased cardiovascular risk at 25 ( oh )d levels below 75 nmol/l . results for chd and stroke were comparable to the results obtained for the composite outcome cvd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 dose
3 - 5 analysis
3 - 6 ,
4 response 5 analysis
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 observed
7 we 8 observed
8 observed 12 risk
8 observed 13 at
8 observed 19 below
9 an 12 risk
10 increased 12 risk
11 cardiovascular 12 risk
13 at 18 levels
14 25 16 oh
15 ( 16 oh
16 oh 17 )d
16 oh 18 levels
19 below 21 nmol/l
20 75 21 nmol/l
22 . 23 results
22 . 28 were
22 . 39 .
23 results 24 for
23 results 28 were
24 for 26 and
25 chd 26 and
26 and 27 stroke
28 were 29 comparable
29 comparable 30 to
30 to 32 results
31 the 32 results
32 results 33 obtained
33 obtained 34 for
34 for 38 cvd
35 the 37 outcome
36 composite 37 outcome
37 outcome 38 cvd

conclusions : our results support evidence that low 25 ( oh )d levels are associated with moderately increased risk of cvd and [indicate] that the observed association is much stronger for fatal than for nonfatal events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 support
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 support
5 support 6 evidence
5 support 16 with
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 13 levels
7 that 15 associated
8 low 13 levels
9 25 11 oh
10 ( 11 oh
11 oh 12 )d
11 oh 13 levels
13 levels 14 are
14 are 15 associated
16 with 19 risk
16 with 32 fatal
17 moderately 18 increased
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
19 risk 27 association
19 risk 31 for
20 of 22 and
21 cvd 22 and
22 and 24 that
25 the 27 association
26 observed 27 association
27 association 28 is
28 is 30 stronger
29 much 30 stronger
30 stronger 31 for
32 fatal 33 than
32 fatal 34 for
34 for 36 events
35 nonfatal 36 events

while temporal and perceptual processing abnormalities , identified in a number of electrophysiological and brain imaging studies of individuals [with] ( asd ) , are likely to impact on speech perception , surprisingly little is known about the behavioral outcomes of such abnormalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 while 6 abnormalities
1 while 25 are
1 while 34 little
2 temporal 3 and
3 and 4 perceptual
3 and 6 abnormalities
5 processing 6 abnormalities
6 abnormalities 8 identified
6 abnormalities 25 are
7 , 8 identified
8 identified 9 in
8 identified 24 ,
9 in 17 studies
10 a 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 17 studies
12 of 17 studies
13 electrophysiological 14 and
14 and 16 imaging
14 and 17 studies
15 brain 16 imaging
17 studies 18 of
18 of 19 individuals
19 individuals 22 asd
21 ( 22 asd
22 asd 23 )
25 are 26 likely
26 likely 27 to
27 to 28 impact
29 on 31 perception
29 on 32 ,
29 on 34 little
30 speech 31 perception
33 surprisingly 34 little
34 little 35 is
35 is 36 known
36 known 37 about
37 about 40 outcomes
38 the 40 outcomes
39 behavioral 40 outcomes
40 outcomes 41 of
41 of 43 abnormalities
42 such 43 abnormalities

it has been hypothesized that rapid temporal processing deficits may be linked to impaired language development through interference with acoustic information during speech perception . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 hypothesized
4 hypothesized 5 that
5 that 9 deficits
5 that 12 linked
6 rapid 9 deficits
7 temporal 9 deficits
8 processing 9 deficits
9 deficits 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 linked
12 linked 13 to
13 to 16 development
14 impaired 15 language
15 language 16 development
16 development 17 through
17 through 18 interference
18 interference 19 with
18 interference 22 during
19 with 21 information
20 acoustic 21 information
22 during 24 perception
23 speech 24 perception

the present study aimed to investigate the impact of temporal changes on encoding and recall of speech , and [the] associated cognitive , clinical , and behavioral correlates in adults with asd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
3 study 5 to
3 study 19 and
3 study 28 correlates
5 to 19 and
6 investigate 8 impact
6 investigate 12 on
6 investigate 19 and
7 the 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
9 of 11 changes
10 temporal 11 changes
12 on 14 and
13 encoding 14 and
14 and 15 recall
14 and 16 of
16 of 17 speech
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 associated
19 and 26 and
22 cognitive 23 ,
23 , 24 clinical
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 behavioral
28 correlates 29 in
28 correlates 31 with
29 in 30 adults
31 with 32 asd

research carried out with typically developing ( td ) [adults] has shown that word recall diminishes as the speed of speech increases , and it was predicted that the magnitude of this effect would be far greater in those with asd because of a preexisting rapid temporal processing deficit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 research 2 carried
1 research 8 td
1 research 11 has
2 carried 3 out
2 carried 4 with
4 with 6 developing
5 typically 6 developing
7 ( 8 td
8 td 9 )
11 has 12 shown
12 shown 13 that
13 that 15 recall
13 that 16 diminishes
14 word 15 recall
15 recall 16 diminishes
16 diminishes 17 as
17 as 19 speed
18 the 19 speed
19 speed 20 of
20 of 22 increases
21 speech 22 increases
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 it
24 and 27 predicted
25 it 26 was
26 was 27 predicted
27 predicted 28 that
28 that 33 effect
28 that 35 be
29 the 30 magnitude
30 magnitude 31 of
30 magnitude 33 effect
31 of 33 effect
32 this 33 effect
33 effect 34 would
34 would 35 be
35 be 37 greater
36 far 37 greater
37 greater 38 in
37 greater 40 with
37 greater 43 of
38 in 39 those
40 with 41 asd
42 because 43 of
43 of 49 deficit
44 a 49 deficit
45 preexisting 49 deficit
46 rapid 49 deficit
47 temporal 49 deficit
48 processing 49 deficit

nineteen high - functioning adults with asd , and age - and intelligence - matched td controls performed verbatim recall of temporally manipulated sentences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nineteen 5 adults
2 high 3 -
2 high 5 adults
4 functioning 5 adults
5 adults 6 with
5 adults 12 and
6 with 9 and
7 asd 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 age
11 - 12 and
12 and 13 intelligence
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 matched
12 and 16 td
12 and 17 controls
12 and 18 performed
16 td 17 controls
18 performed 20 recall
19 verbatim 20 recall
20 recall 21 of
21 of 24 sentences
22 temporally 23 manipulated
23 manipulated 24 sentences

reduced levels of word recall in response to increases in presentation speed were observed , and this effect was greater in the older participants in the asd group than in the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 reduced 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 13 were
3 of 5 recall
4 word 5 recall
5 recall 7 response
5 recall 8 to
6 in 7 response
8 to 9 increases
9 increases 10 in
10 in 12 speed
11 presentation 12 speed
13 were 14 observed
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 effect
16 and 19 was
17 this 18 effect
18 effect 19 was
19 was 20 greater
20 greater 21 in
20 greater 25 in
20 greater 29 than
21 in 24 participants
22 the 24 participants
23 older 24 participants
25 in 28 group
26 the 28 group
27 asd 28 group
29 than 30 in
30 in 33 group
31 the 33 group
32 control 33 group

this is the first study to show that both sensory abnormalities and aging impact on speech encoding in asd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 study
3 the 5 study
4 first 5 study
5 study 6 to
5 study 17 encoding
6 to 7 show
7 show 8 that
7 show 11 abnormalities
7 show 12 and
9 both 11 abnormalities
10 sensory 11 abnormalities
12 and 13 aging
12 and 14 impact
14 impact 15 on
15 on 16 speech
16 speech 17 encoding
17 encoding 18 in
18 in 19 asd

auditory processing deficits in asd may be indicative of an association with the sensory abnormalities and social and communication impairments characterizing the disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 auditory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 auditory 2 processing
1 auditory 6 may
2 processing 3 deficits
3 deficits 4 in
4 in 5 asd
6 may 7 be
7 be 18 and
8 indicative 9 of
8 indicative 16 and
9 of 11 association
10 an 11 association
11 association 12 with
12 with 15 abnormalities
13 the 15 abnormalities
14 sensory 15 abnormalities
16 and 17 social
16 and 18 and
18 and 20 impairments
18 and 21 characterizing
19 communication 20 impairments
21 characterizing 23 disorder
22 the 23 disorder

purpose : we evaluated the choroidal thickness and volume in healthy pediatric individuals by swept [-] source optical coherence tomography ( ss - oct ) and compared the findings to those of adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 26 and
3 we 26 and
4 evaluated 8 and
4 evaluated 10 in
4 evaluated 14 by
4 evaluated 26 and
5 the 7 thickness
6 choroidal 7 thickness
7 thickness 8 and
8 and 9 volume
10 in 13 individuals
11 healthy 13 individuals
12 pediatric 13 individuals
14 by 20 tomography
15 swept 17 source
17 source 20 tomography
18 optical 19 coherence
19 coherence 20 tomography
20 tomography 22 ss
21 ( 22 ss
22 ss 24 oct
22 ss 25 )
23 - 24 oct
24 oct 25 )
26 and 27 compared
27 compared 29 findings
28 the 29 findings
29 findings 30 to
30 to 31 those
31 those 32 of
32 of 33 adults

methods : we examined 100 eyes of 100 healthy pediatric volunteers ( 3 - 15 years ) and 83 eyes of 83 healthy adult volunteers ( 24 - 87 years ) by ss - oct with a tunable long wavelength laser source . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
2 : 43 .
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 18 and
4 examined 32 by
4 examined 36 with
5 100 18 and
6 eyes 7 of
6 eyes 18 and
7 of 11 volunteers
8 100 11 volunteers
9 healthy 11 volunteers
10 pediatric 11 volunteers
11 volunteers 14 -
12 ( 14 -
13 3 14 -
14 - 16 years
14 - 17 )
15 15 16 years
18 and 20 eyes
19 83 20 eyes
20 eyes 21 of
21 of 25 volunteers
22 83 25 volunteers
23 healthy 24 adult
24 adult 25 volunteers
25 volunteers 30 years
26 ( 30 years
27 24 28 -
28 - 29 87
28 - 30 years
30 years 31 )
32 by 35 oct
33 ss 35 oct
34 - 35 oct
36 with 42 source
37 a 42 source
38 tunable 40 wavelength
39 long 40 wavelength
40 wavelength 41 laser
41 laser 42 source

[the] three - dimensional raster [scan] protocol was used to construct a choroidal thickness map . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
3 - 7 protocol
3 - 9 used
3 - 16 .
4 dimensional 7 protocol
5 raster 7 protocol
7 protocol 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 construct
10 to 11 construct
11 construct 15 map
12 a 13 choroidal
12 a 15 map
13 choroidal 14 thickness
14 thickness 15 map

when the built [-] [in] software delineated an erroneous chorioscleral border in [the] b - scan images , manual segmentation was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 scan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 when 6 software
1 when 7 delineated
1 when 15 -
1 when 16 scan
2 the 6 software
3 built 6 software
6 software 7 delineated
7 delineated 11 border
7 delineated 12 in
8 an 9 erroneous
8 an 11 border
9 erroneous 11 border
10 chorioscleral 11 border
12 in 14 b
16 scan 17 images
18 , 20 segmentation
18 , 22 used
19 manual 20 segmentation
20 segmentation 21 was
21 was 22 used

results : the central choroidal thickness and volume within [a] 1.0 - [mm] [circle] were significantly larger [in] [the] children [(] 260.4 ± 57.2 [μm] , 0.205 ± 0.045 [mm] ( 3 ) ) than in the adults ( 206.1 ± 72.5 [μm] , 0.160 ± 0.056 [mm] ( 3 ) , [both] p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 and
3 the 6 thickness
4 central 6 thickness
5 choroidal 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 and
7 and 8 volume
7 and 9 within
9 within 11 1.0
12 - 15 were
15 were 20 children
15 were 23 ±
16 significantly 17 larger
17 larger 20 children
20 children 22 260.4
23 ± 24 57.2
23 ± 35 than
24 57.2 28 ±
26 , 28 ±
27 0.205 28 ±
28 ± 29 0.045
28 ± 32 3
28 ± 34 )
31 ( 32 3
32 3 33 )
35 than 36 in
36 in 38 adults
37 the 38 adults
38 adults 41 ±
38 adults 46 ±
39 ( 41 ±
40 206.1 41 ±
41 ± 42 72.5
41 ± 44 ,
44 , 46 ±
45 0.160 46 ±
46 ± 47 0.056
46 ± 50 3
46 ± 55 <
46 ± 58 .
49 ( 50 3
50 3 51 )
52 , 55 <
54 p 55 <
55 < 56 0.0001
55 < 57 )

in the children , the mean choroidal thickness of the nasal area was significantly thinner than that of all other areas ( p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 children
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 thickness
2 the 3 children
5 the 8 thickness
6 mean 8 thickness
7 choroidal 8 thickness
8 thickness 9 of
8 thickness 13 was
9 of 12 area
10 the 12 area
11 nasal 12 area
13 was 15 thinner
14 significantly 15 thinner
15 thinner 16 than
16 than 17 that
16 than 18 of
18 of 21 areas
19 all 20 other
20 other 21 areas
21 areas 24 <
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.005
24 < 26 )

pediatric choroidal thinning with increasing age in the central area was faster than that in the outer areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thinning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 pediatric 3 thinning
2 choroidal 3 thinning
3 thinning 4 with
3 thinning 11 was
4 with 5 increasing
5 increasing 6 age
5 increasing 7 in
7 in 10 area
8 the 10 area
9 central 10 area
11 was 12 faster
12 faster 13 than
12 faster 15 in
13 than 14 that
15 in 18 areas
16 the 18 areas
17 outer 18 areas

stepwise regression analysis showed that the axial length and body mass index had the highest correlation with the choroidal thickness [(] r ( 2 ) = 0.313 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 stepwise 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 26 =
5 that 9 and
5 that 13 had
5 that 26 =
6 the 8 length
7 axial 8 length
8 length 9 and
9 and 12 index
9 and 13 had
10 body 12 index
11 mass 12 index
13 had 16 correlation
14 the 15 highest
14 the 16 correlation
16 correlation 17 with
17 with 20 thickness
18 the 20 thickness
19 choroidal 20 thickness
20 thickness 22 r
20 thickness 24 2
23 ( 24 2
24 2 25 )
26 = 27 0.313
27 0.313 30 <
28 , 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.0001
30 < 32 )

conclusions : the macular choroidal thickness and volume in the pediatric individuals were significantly larger than those in the adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 7 and
2 : 13 were
3 the 6 thickness
4 macular 6 thickness
5 choroidal 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 and
7 and 8 volume
7 and 9 in
7 and 13 were
9 in 12 individuals
10 the 12 individuals
11 pediatric 12 individuals
13 were 14 significantly
13 were 15 larger
15 larger 16 than
15 larger 18 in
16 than 17 those
18 in 20 adults
19 the 20 adults

the pediatric choroidal thinning with increasing age is more rapid in the central area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 thinning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 4 thinning
2 pediatric 4 thinning
3 choroidal 4 thinning
4 thinning 5 with
4 thinning 8 is
5 with 6 increasing
6 increasing 7 age
8 is 10 rapid
9 more 10 rapid
10 rapid 11 in
11 in 14 area
12 the 14 area
13 central 14 area

pediatric choroidal thickness is associated with several systemic or ocular parameters , especially the axial length and body mass index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
1 pediatric 3 thickness
2 choroidal 3 thickness
3 thickness 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 11 parameters
7 several 11 parameters
8 systemic 9 or
9 or 10 ocular
9 or 11 parameters
11 parameters 17 and
12 , 13 especially
12 , 17 and
14 the 16 length
15 axial 16 length
16 length 17 and
17 and 20 index
17 and 21 .
18 body 20 index
19 mass 20 index

these differences should be remembered when the choroidal thickness is evaluated in pediatric patients with retinochoroidal diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remembered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 differences
2 differences 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 remembered
5 remembered 6 when
6 when 9 thickness
6 when 11 evaluated
7 the 9 thickness
8 choroidal 9 thickness
9 thickness 10 is
10 is 11 evaluated
11 evaluated 12 in
11 evaluated 15 with
12 in 14 patients
13 pediatric 14 patients
15 with 17 diseases
16 retinochoroidal 17 diseases

in response to stress conditions , many mammalian mrnas accumulate in stress granules ( sgs ) together with numerous [rna] - binding proteins that control mrna turnover and translation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mrnas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 accumulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 response
2 response 3 to
3 to 5 conditions
3 to 6 ,
3 to 9 mrnas
4 stress 5 conditions
7 many 9 mrnas
8 mammalian 9 mrnas
9 mrnas 10 accumulate
10 accumulate 11 in
10 accumulate 17 together
10 accumulate 18 with
11 in 13 granules
12 stress 13 granules
13 granules 15 sgs
14 ( 15 sgs
15 sgs 16 )
18 with 23 proteins
18 with 28 and
19 numerous 21 -
19 numerous 23 proteins
22 binding 23 proteins
24 that 27 turnover
25 control 27 turnover
26 mrna 27 turnover
27 turnover 28 and
28 and 29 translation

however , the signaling cascades that modulate the presence of ribonucleoprotein ( rnp ) complexes in sgs are poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cascades
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 cascades
3 the 5 cascades
4 signaling 5 cascades
5 cascades 6 that
5 cascades 7 modulate
5 cascades 20 understood
6 that 7 modulate
7 modulate 9 presence
8 the 9 presence
9 presence 10 of
9 presence 15 complexes
9 presence 18 are
10 of 11 ribonucleoprotein
11 ribonucleoprotein 13 rnp
12 ( 13 rnp
13 rnp 14 )
15 complexes 16 in
15 complexes 18 are
16 in 17 sgs
18 are 19 poorly

here , we investigated the localization of human antigen r ( hur ) , an mrna - stabilizing rna - binding protein , in sgs following exposure to the stress agent arsenite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 localization
5 the 6 localization
6 localization 7 of
6 localization 18 stabilizing
7 of 9 antigen
8 human 9 antigen
9 antigen 10 r
9 antigen 12 hur
9 antigen 16 mrna
11 ( 12 hur
12 hur 13 )
14 , 16 mrna
15 an 16 mrna
16 mrna 17 -
18 stabilizing 19 rna
18 stabilizing 21 binding
18 stabilizing 24 in
18 stabilizing 28 to
20 - 21 binding
21 binding 22 protein
21 binding 23 ,
24 in 27 exposure
25 sgs 26 following
26 following 27 exposure
28 to 32 arsenite
29 the 32 arsenite
30 stress 31 agent
31 agent 32 arsenite

unexpectedly , the mobilization of hur to sgs was prevented through the activation of janus kinase 3 ( jak3 ) by the vitamin k3 analog menadione . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mobilization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 prevented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 unexpectedly 2 ,
1 unexpectedly 4 mobilization
3 the 4 mobilization
4 mobilization 5 of
4 mobilization 9 was
5 of 6 hur
6 hur 7 to
7 to 8 sgs
9 was 10 prevented
10 prevented 11 through
10 prevented 21 by
11 through 13 activation
12 the 13 activation
13 activation 14 of
14 of 16 kinase
15 janus 16 kinase
16 kinase 17 3
16 kinase 19 jak3
18 ( 19 jak3
19 jak3 20 )
21 by 26 menadione
22 the 26 menadione
23 vitamin 26 menadione
24 k3 26 menadione
25 analog 26 menadione

jak3 phosphorylated hur at tyrosine 200 , in turn inhibiting hur localization in sgs , reducing hur interaction with targets sirt1 and vhl mrnas , and accelerating target mrna decay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 jak3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phosphorylated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 jak3 2 phosphorylated
2 phosphorylated 3 hur
3 hur 4 at
3 hur 16 reducing
3 hur 19 with
4 at 5 tyrosine
5 tyrosine 6 200
5 tyrosine 10 inhibiting
7 , 10 inhibiting
8 in 9 turn
9 turn 10 inhibiting
10 inhibiting 12 localization
10 inhibiting 13 in
10 inhibiting 15 ,
11 hur 12 localization
13 in 14 sgs
16 reducing 18 interaction
17 hur 18 interaction
19 with 21 sirt1
20 targets 21 sirt1
22 and 26 and
22 and 29 mrna
23 vhl 24 mrnas
24 mrnas 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 target
26 and 29 mrna
27 accelerating 28 target
29 mrna 30 decay

our findings indicate that hur is tyrosine - phosphorylated by jak3 , and link this modification to hur subcytoplasmic localization and to the fate of hur target mrnas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 13 and
3 indicate 4 that
3 indicate 13 and
4 that 5 hur
4 that 6 is
5 hur 6 is
6 is 7 tyrosine
7 tyrosine 9 phosphorylated
8 - 9 phosphorylated
9 phosphorylated 10 by
9 phosphorylated 12 ,
10 by 11 jak3
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 link
13 and 28 mrnas
14 link 16 modification
14 link 21 and
15 this 16 modification
17 to 20 localization
17 to 21 and
18 hur 20 localization
19 subcytoplasmic 20 localization
21 and 22 to
22 to 24 fate
23 the 24 fate
24 fate 25 of
25 of 26 hur
27 target 28 mrnas

aging is associated with a reduction in skeletal muscle [mass] - sarcopenia - the etiology of which is multifactorial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 7 in
3 associated 11 -
3 associated 12 sarcopenia
4 with 6 reduction
5 a 6 reduction
7 in 9 muscle
8 skeletal 9 muscle
13 - 15 etiology
14 the 15 etiology
15 etiology 16 of
16 of 17 which
17 which 18 is
18 is 19 multifactorial

one mechanism is that aging [has] , as one of its hallmarks , a reduced sensitivity of skeletal muscle to the normally potent anabolic effects of protein feeding and resistance exercise , and to the anticatabolic effects of insulin , the combination of which has been termed " anabolic resistance . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 one 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 is
3 is 4 that
3 is 33 and
4 that 5 aging
5 aging 8 as
5 aging 16 sensitivity
7 , 8 as
8 as 9 one
8 as 13 ,
9 one 10 of
10 of 12 hallmarks
11 its 12 hallmarks
14 a 16 sensitivity
15 reduced 16 sensitivity
16 sensitivity 17 of
17 of 19 muscle
18 skeletal 19 muscle
20 to 29 and
20 to 33 and
21 the 25 effects
22 normally 23 potent
23 potent 25 effects
24 anabolic 25 effects
25 effects 26 of
25 effects 29 and
26 of 28 feeding
27 protein 28 feeding
29 and 31 exercise
29 and 32 ,
30 resistance 31 exercise
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 to
34 to 37 effects
35 the 37 effects
36 anticatabolic 37 effects
37 effects 38 of
38 of 39 insulin
39 insulin 42 combination
40 , 42 combination
41 the 42 combination
42 combination 43 of
42 combination 51 .
43 of 44 which
44 which 45 has
45 has 46 been
46 been 50 resistance
47 termed 48 "
47 termed 50 resistance
49 anabolic 50 resistance
51 . 52 "

however , this reduced sensitivity of skeletal muscle to anabolic stimuli may , in some cases , be overcome by providing a greater quantity of the nutrition [and/or] exercise stimulus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 may
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 sensitivity
3 this 4 reduced
4 reduced 5 sensitivity
5 sensitivity 6 of
5 sensitivity 12 may
6 of 8 muscle
7 skeletal 8 muscle
8 muscle 9 to
9 to 11 stimuli
10 anabolic 11 stimuli
13 , 17 ,
14 in 15 some
14 in 17 ,
16 cases 17 ,
17 , 18 be
18 be 19 overcome
19 overcome 20 by
19 overcome 30 stimulus
20 by 21 providing
21 providing 27 nutrition
22 a 24 quantity
23 greater 24 quantity
24 quantity 25 of
24 quantity 27 nutrition
25 of 27 nutrition
26 the 27 nutrition
29 exercise 30 stimulus

daily habitual physical activity appears to be a primary determinant of anabolic resistance as we have recently shown that as little as 14 days of reduced ambulatory activity was sufficient to induce anabolic resistance in the elderly by attenuating the postprandial increase in muscle protein synthesis ( mps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 daily 4 activity
2 habitual 4 activity
3 physical 4 activity
4 activity 5 appears
5 appears 6 to
5 appears 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 10 determinant
7 be 14 as
7 be 20 as
8 a 10 determinant
9 primary 10 determinant
10 determinant 11 of
11 of 13 resistance
12 anabolic 13 resistance
14 as 18 shown
15 we 16 have
16 have 18 shown
17 recently 18 shown
18 shown 19 that
20 as 21 little
20 as 29 was
21 little 22 as
21 little 25 of
21 little 29 was
22 as 24 days
23 14 24 days
25 of 28 activity
26 reduced 28 activity
27 ambulatory 28 activity
29 was 30 sufficient
30 sufficient 31 to
31 to 32 induce
32 induce 34 resistance
33 anabolic 34 resistance
34 resistance 35 in
34 resistance 38 by
34 resistance 43 in
34 resistance 48 mps
35 in 37 elderly
36 the 37 elderly
38 by 39 attenuating
39 attenuating 42 increase
40 the 42 increase
41 postprandial 42 increase
43 in 46 synthesis
44 muscle 45 protein
45 protein 46 synthesis
47 ( 48 mps
48 mps 49 )

the etiology of anabolic resistance is complex and may include alterations in amino acid uptake/utilization , cell signaling status , muscle blood flow , and microvascular perfusion ( impacting amino acid delivery and availability ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 etiology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 etiology
2 etiology 3 of
2 etiology 8 and
3 of 5 resistance
4 anabolic 5 resistance
6 is 7 complex
6 is 8 and
8 and 9 may
9 may 10 include
10 include 11 alterations
10 include 12 in
10 include 29 impacting
12 in 25 and
13 amino 15 uptake/utilization
14 acid 15 uptake/utilization
15 uptake/utilization 16 ,
16 , 19 status
16 , 20 ,
17 cell 19 status
18 signaling 19 status
20 , 23 flow
20 , 25 and
21 muscle 22 blood
22 blood 23 flow
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 perfusion
26 microvascular 27 perfusion
28 ( 29 impacting
29 impacting 33 and
29 impacting 35 )
30 amino 31 acid
31 acid 32 delivery
32 delivery 33 and
33 and 34 availability

further , there appears to be sexual dimorphism with advancing age in the response of mps to amino acid/insulin provision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 there
3 there 4 appears
4 appears 5 to
4 appears 6 be
5 to 6 be
6 be 8 dimorphism
7 sexual 8 dimorphism
8 dimorphism 9 with
8 dimorphism 15 of
9 with 10 advancing
10 advancing 11 age
10 advancing 12 in
12 in 14 response
13 the 14 response
15 of 16 mps
16 mps 17 to
17 to 20 provision
18 amino 19 acid/insulin
19 acid/insulin 20 provision

maintenance of physical activity during aging is of fundamental importance for skeletal muscle to allow it to appropriately respond to the anabolic effects of nutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 maintenance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 maintenance 2 of
1 maintenance 7 is
2 of 4 activity
3 physical 4 activity
4 activity 5 during
5 during 6 aging
7 is 8 of
7 is 17 to
8 of 10 importance
9 fundamental 10 importance
10 importance 11 for
10 importance 14 to
10 importance 15 allow
11 for 13 muscle
12 skeletal 13 muscle
14 to 15 allow
15 allow 16 it
17 to 19 respond
18 appropriately 19 respond
19 respond 20 to
20 to 23 effects
21 the 23 effects
22 anabolic 23 effects
23 effects 24 of
24 of 25 nutrition

the principles of treating rheumatoid arthritis [(] [ra] [ )(have changed considerably in recent years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 principles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 changed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 principles
2 principles 3 of
2 principles 10 )(have
3 of 4 treating
4 treating 6 arthritis
5 rheumatoid 6 arthritis
10 )(have 11 changed
11 changed 12 considerably
11 changed 13 in
13 in 15 years
14 recent 15 years

disease - modifying treatment ( if possible , methotrexate ) should be started as soon as the diagnosis [of] [ra] is made . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 started
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 disease 3 modifying
1 disease 9 methotrexate
1 disease 11 should
2 - 3 modifying
3 modifying 4 treatment
3 modifying 7 possible
3 modifying 8 ,
5 ( 7 possible
6 if 7 possible
7 possible 8 ,
8 , 9 methotrexate
9 methotrexate 10 )
11 should 12 be
12 be 13 started
13 started 15 soon
13 started 16 as
14 as 15 soon
16 as 18 diagnosis
16 as 22 made
17 the 18 diagnosis
18 diagnosis 21 is
21 is 22 made

the purpose of treatment is to achieve remission or , alternatively , low disease activity , and patients should be assessed every 1 - 3 months if they have early [ra] in order to achieve this aim . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 5 is
3 of 4 treatment
5 is 6 to
5 is 21 assessed
6 to 9 or
7 achieve 8 remission
7 achieve 9 or
9 or 13 low
10 , 11 alternatively
11 alternatively 12 ,
11 alternatively 13 low
13 low 14 disease
14 disease 17 and
14 disease 20 be
15 activity 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 patients
17 and 19 should
19 should 20 be
21 assessed 22 every
21 assessed 27 if
22 every 26 months
23 1 24 -
24 - 25 3
24 - 26 months
27 if 28 they
27 if 29 have
28 they 29 have
29 have 30 early
29 have 32 in
29 have 34 to
29 have 35 achieve
32 in 33 order
34 to 35 achieve
35 achieve 37 aim
36 this 37 aim

the same principles of treatment should apply in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 principles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 apply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 3 principles
3 principles 4 of
3 principles 6 should
4 of 5 treatment
6 should 7 apply
7 apply 8 in
8 in 10 elderly
9 the 10 elderly

however , it is more difficult to assess [ra] activity in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 6 difficult
5 more 6 difficult
6 difficult 7 to
6 difficult 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 activity
8 assess 11 in
11 in 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly

overall disease activity [and/or] pain may be overestimated , as elderly patients may suffer from other diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 overall 2 disease
2 disease 5 pain
3 activity 5 pain
5 pain 6 may
6 may 9 ,
7 be 8 overestimated
7 be 9 ,
9 , 14 suffer
10 as 11 elderly
11 elderly 12 patients
12 patients 13 may
13 may 14 suffer
14 suffer 15 from
15 from 17 diseases
16 other 17 diseases

conversely , the number of joints with synovitis can be underestimated [compared] with young patients , and regular ultrasound assessment should therefore be considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 joints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 underestimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 6 joints
3 the 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 joints
5 of 6 joints
6 joints 7 with
6 joints 9 can
7 with 8 synovitis
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 underestimated
11 underestimated 13 with
13 with 15 patients
14 young 15 patients
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 assessment
17 and 24 considered
18 regular 20 assessment
19 ultrasound 20 assessment
20 assessment 21 should
21 should 23 be
22 therefore 23 be
23 be 24 considered

treatment may be more difficult because of concomitant diseases and the increase [in] drug - related side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
1 treatment 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 5 difficult
4 more 5 difficult
5 difficult 7 of
6 because 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 concomitant 9 diseases
9 diseases 10 and
10 and 14 drug
11 the 14 drug
12 increase 14 drug
15 - 16 related
16 related 18 effects
16 related 19 .
17 side 18 effects

the role of corticosteroids is still controversial as their short - term symptomatic effects on clinical activity and potential medium - term effect on structural deterioration are counter - balanced by their side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 5 is
3 of 4 corticosteroids
5 is 6 still
5 is 7 controversial
6 still 7 controversial
7 controversial 8 as
8 as 12 term
9 their 12 term
10 short 11 -
10 short 12 term
12 term 14 effects
12 term 28 counter
13 symptomatic 14 effects
14 effects 15 on
14 effects 27 are
15 on 18 and
16 clinical 17 activity
17 activity 18 and
18 and 23 effect
18 and 24 on
19 potential 23 effect
20 medium 21 -
20 medium 22 term
22 term 23 effect
24 on 26 deterioration
25 structural 26 deterioration
27 are 28 counter
28 counter 30 balanced
29 - 30 balanced
30 balanced 31 by
30 balanced 35 .
31 by 34 effects
32 their 34 effects
33 side 34 effects

dosages of methotrexate need to be adjusted for creatinine clearance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dosages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 dosages 2 of
1 dosages 7 adjusted
2 of 4 need
3 methotrexate 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 6 be
5 to 6 be
7 adjusted 8 for
8 for 10 clearance
9 creatinine 10 clearance

the anti - tumor necrosis factors ( tnfs ) appear to be slightly less effective in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 6 factors
2 anti 3 -
2 anti 4 tumor
4 tumor 6 factors
5 necrosis 6 factors
6 factors 8 tnfs
6 factors 10 appear
7 ( 8 tnfs
8 tnfs 9 )
10 appear 11 to
10 appear 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 slightly
12 be 15 effective
14 less 15 effective
15 effective 16 in
16 in 18 elderly
17 the 18 elderly