blood and lymphatic vessels were highlighted by ulex europaeus agglutinin - 1 and human podoplanin immunoreactivities , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 blood 2 and
2 and 4 vessels
2 and 5 were
3 lymphatic 4 vessels
5 were 6 highlighted
6 highlighted 7 by
7 by 10 agglutinin
8 ulex 10 agglutinin
9 europaeus 10 agglutinin
11 - 12 1
11 - 13 and
13 and 15 podoplanin
13 and 16 immunoreactivities
14 human 15 podoplanin
15 podoplanin 16 immunoreactivities
16 immunoreactivities 18 respectively
17 , 18 respectively
18 respectively 19 .

actinic [elastosis] was identified by the lysozyme coating of elastic fibres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 actinic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 actinic 3 was
3 was 4 identified
4 identified 5 by
5 by 8 coating
6 the 8 coating
7 lysozyme 8 coating
8 coating 9 of
9 of 11 fibres
10 elastic 11 fibres

the epidermis was explored using the cd44 variant 3 and ki67 immunolabellings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 epidermis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 epidermis
2 epidermis 3 was
3 was 4 explored
4 explored 5 using
5 using 12 immunolabellings
6 the 12 immunolabellings
7 cd44 12 immunolabellings
8 variant 9 3
8 variant 10 and
10 and 11 ki67
10 and 12 immunolabellings

biplot analyses were performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 biplot 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 were
3 were 4 performed

immunohistochemistry revealed a prominent gender effect in young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 immunohistochemistry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 immunohistochemistry 2 revealed
2 revealed 6 effect
2 revealed 7 in
3 a 4 prominent
3 a 6 effect
4 prominent 5 gender
5 gender 6 effect
7 in 9 adults
8 young 9 adults

both factor xiiia+ dermal dendrocytes and the microvasculature size decreased with scalp ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 both 5 dendrocytes
2 factor 5 dendrocytes
3 xiiia+ 5 dendrocytes
4 dermal 5 dendrocytes
5 dendrocytes 6 and
6 and 9 size
6 and 10 decreased
7 the 9 size
8 microvasculature 9 size
10 decreased 11 with
11 with 13 ageing
12 scalp 13 ageing

alopecia changes mimicked stress - induced premature senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alopecia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 alopecia 2 changes
2 changes 4 stress
3 mimicked 4 stress
5 - 8 senescence
6 induced 8 senescence
7 premature 8 senescence

aging is associated with a tissue degeneration phenotype marked by a loss of tissue regenerative capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 8 phenotype
5 a 6 tissue
5 a 8 phenotype
6 tissue 8 phenotype
7 degeneration 8 phenotype
8 phenotype 9 marked
9 marked 10 by
10 by 12 loss
11 a 12 loss
12 loss 13 of
13 of 16 capacity
14 tissue 16 capacity
15 regenerative 16 capacity

regenerative capacity is dictated by environmental and genetic factors that govern the balance between damage and repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dictated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 regenerative 2 capacity
2 capacity 3 is
3 is 4 dictated
4 dictated 5 by
4 dictated 14 between
5 by 9 factors
6 environmental 7 and
7 and 8 genetic
7 and 9 factors
9 factors 10 that
9 factors 11 govern
10 that 11 govern
11 govern 13 balance
12 the 13 balance
14 between 16 and
15 damage 16 and
16 and 17 repair

the age - associated changes in the ability of tissues to replace lost or damaged cells is [partly] the cause of many age - related diseases such as alzheimer 's disease , cardiovascular disease , type ii diabetes , and sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 age
2 age 14 or
2 age 25 related
3 - 14 or
4 associated 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
5 changes 14 or
6 in 8 ability
7 the 8 ability
8 ability 9 of
8 ability 13 lost
9 of 10 tissues
10 tissues 11 to
10 tissues 12 replace
11 to 12 replace
14 or 16 cells
14 or 17 is
14 or 23 age
14 or 24 -
15 damaged 16 cells
17 is 20 cause
17 is 23 age
19 the 20 cause
20 cause 21 of
21 of 22 many
25 related 26 diseases
26 diseases 28 as
26 diseases 34 disease
27 such 28 as
28 as 31 disease
29 alzheimer 30 's
30 's 31 disease
32 , 34 disease
33 cardiovascular 34 disease
34 disease 35 ,
35 , 36 type
36 type 37 ii
36 type 40 and
38 diabetes 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 sarcopenia

a well [-] established marker of the aging process is the length of the protective cap at the ends of chromosomes , called telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 marker
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 5 marker
2 well 4 established
4 established 5 marker
5 marker 6 of
5 marker 22 ,
6 of 9 process
7 the 9 process
8 aging 9 process
10 is 12 length
10 is 22 ,
11 the 12 length
12 length 13 of
13 of 16 cap
14 the 16 cap
15 protective 16 cap
16 cap 17 at
16 cap 20 of
17 at 19 ends
18 the 19 ends
20 of 21 chromosomes
22 , 23 called
22 , 24 telomeres

telomeres shorten with each cell division and with increasing chronological age and short telomeres have been associated with a range of age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shorten
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 telomeres 2 shorten
2 shorten 7 and
3 with 6 division
3 with 7 and
4 each 6 division
5 cell 6 division
7 and 8 with
8 with 9 increasing
9 increasing 11 age
10 chronological 11 age
12 and 14 telomeres
12 and 17 associated
13 short 14 telomeres
14 telomeres 15 have
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 range
19 a 20 range
20 range 21 of
21 of 22 age
22 age 25 diseases
23 - 25 diseases
24 related 25 diseases
25 diseases 26 .

several studies have shown that chronic exposure to exercise ( i.e [.] , exercise training ) is associated with telomere length maintenance ; however , recent evidence points out several controversial issues concerning tissue - specific telomere length responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 several 2 studies
1 several 4 shown
1 several 18 associated
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 7 exposure
5 that 17 is
6 chronic 7 exposure
7 exposure 8 to
7 exposure 17 is
8 to 9 exercise
9 exercise 11 i.e
10 ( 11 i.e
11 i.e 15 training
11 i.e 16 )
13 , 15 training
14 exercise 15 training
15 training 16 )
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 22 maintenance
19 with 21 length
20 telomere 21 length
23 ; 27 evidence
23 ; 28 points
23 ; 35 -
24 however 25 ,
24 however 27 evidence
26 recent 27 evidence
27 evidence 28 points
28 points 29 out
28 points 34 tissue
30 several 34 tissue
31 controversial 34 tissue
32 issues 34 tissue
33 concerning 34 tissue
35 - 39 responses
36 specific 39 responses
37 telomere 39 responses
38 length 39 responses

the goals of the review are to familiarize the reader with the current telomere dogma , review the literature exploring the interactions of exercise with telomere phenotypes , discuss the mechanistic research relating telomere dynamics to exercise stimuli , and finally propose future directions for work related to telomeres and physiological stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
1 the 2 goals
2 goals 3 of
2 goals 6 are
3 of 5 review
4 the 5 review
6 are 7 to
6 are 8 familiarize
7 to 8 familiarize
8 familiarize 10 reader
8 familiarize 11 with
9 the 10 reader
11 with 15 dogma
12 the 15 dogma
13 current 15 dogma
14 telomere 15 dogma
16 , 17 review
16 , 28 ,
17 review 19 literature
18 the 19 literature
19 literature 20 exploring
19 literature 27 phenotypes
20 exploring 22 interactions
20 exploring 25 with
20 exploring 27 phenotypes
21 the 22 interactions
22 interactions 23 of
23 of 24 exercise
25 with 26 telomere
28 , 29 discuss
29 discuss 32 research
29 discuss 45 for
30 the 32 research
31 mechanistic 32 research
32 research 33 relating
32 research 36 to
32 research 40 and
33 relating 35 dynamics
34 telomere 35 dynamics
36 to 40 and
37 exercise 38 stimuli
37 exercise 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 propose
41 finally 42 propose
42 propose 44 directions
43 future 44 directions
45 for 46 work
46 work 47 related
47 related 48 to
48 to 50 and
49 telomeres 50 and
50 and 52 stress
50 and 53 .
51 physiological 52 stress

reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , a redox signal , are produced by various enzymatic reactions and chemical processes , which are essential for many physiological functions and act as second messengers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 species
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 reactive 3 species
2 oxygen 3 species
3 species 5 ros
3 species 10 signal
3 species 12 are
4 ( 5 ros
5 ros 6 )
7 , 10 signal
8 a 9 redox
8 a 10 signal
9 redox 10 signal
10 signal 11 ,
12 are 13 produced
13 produced 14 by
14 by 18 and
15 various 17 reactions
16 enzymatic 17 reactions
17 reactions 18 and
18 and 20 processes
18 and 21 ,
19 chemical 20 processes
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 are
22 which 23 are
23 are 24 essential
24 essential 25 for
24 essential 31 as
25 for 29 and
26 many 28 functions
27 physiological 28 functions
28 functions 29 and
29 and 30 act
31 as 33 messengers
32 second 33 messengers

however , accumulating evidence has implicated the pathogenesis of several human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders related to increased oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 evidence
3 accumulating 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 has
5 has 6 implicated
6 implicated 8 pathogenesis
7 the 8 pathogenesis
8 pathogenesis 9 of
9 of 12 diseases
10 several 12 diseases
11 human 12 diseases
13 including 15 disorders
13 including 16 related
14 neurodegenerative 15 disorders
16 related 17 to
17 to 20 stress
18 increased 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress

under pathological conditions , increasing ros production can regulate the expression of diverse inflammatory mediators during brain injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 regulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 under 3 conditions
1 under 4 ,
1 under 5 increasing
2 pathological 3 conditions
5 increasing 7 production
5 increasing 8 can
6 ros 7 production
8 can 9 regulate
9 regulate 11 expression
9 regulate 16 during
10 the 11 expression
11 expression 12 of
12 of 15 mediators
13 diverse 15 mediators
14 inflammatory 15 mediators
16 during 18 injury
17 brain 18 injury

elevated levels of several proinflammatory factors including cytokines , peptides , pathogenic structures , and peroxidants in the central nervous system ( cns ) have been detected in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 elevated 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 15 and
3 of 6 factors
4 several 6 factors
5 proinflammatory 6 factors
6 factors 7 including
6 factors 10 peptides
7 including 8 cytokines
9 , 10 peptides
10 peptides 13 structures
10 peptides 14 ,
11 , 13 structures
12 pathogenic 13 structures
13 structures 14 ,
15 and 16 peroxidants
15 and 17 in
15 and 25 have
17 in 21 system
18 the 21 system
19 central 21 system
20 nervous 21 system
21 system 23 cns
22 ( 23 cns
23 cns 24 )
25 have 26 been
26 been 27 detected
27 detected 28 in
27 detected 30 with
28 in 29 patients
30 with 32 diseases
31 neurodegenerative 32 diseases
32 diseases 34 as
32 diseases 39 ad
33 such 34 as
34 as 37 disease
35 alzheimer 36 's
36 's 37 disease
38 ( 39 ad
39 ad 40 )

these proinflammatory factors act as potent stimuli in brain inflammation through upregulation of diverse inflammatory genes , including matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) , cytosolic phospholipase a2 ( cpla2 ) , cyclooxygenase - 2 ( cox - 2 ) , and adhesion molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 act
1 these 3 factors
2 proinflammatory 3 factors
3 factors 4 act
4 act 5 as
4 act 18 including
5 as 7 stimuli
6 potent 7 stimuli
7 stimuli 8 in
7 stimuli 11 through
7 stimuli 13 of
8 in 10 inflammation
9 brain 10 inflammation
11 through 12 upregulation
13 of 16 genes
14 diverse 16 genes
15 inflammatory 16 genes
17 , 18 including
18 including 20 metalloproteinases
18 including 44 .
19 matrix 20 metalloproteinases
20 metalloproteinases 22 mmps
20 metalloproteinases 27 a2
21 ( 22 mmps
22 mmps 23 )
24 , 27 a2
25 cytosolic 26 phospholipase
26 phospholipase 27 a2
27 a2 29 cpla2
27 a2 32 cyclooxygenase
27 a2 34 2
27 a2 44 .
28 ( 29 cpla2
29 cpla2 30 )
31 , 32 cyclooxygenase
32 cyclooxygenase 33 -
33 - 34 2
34 2 43 molecules
34 2 44 .
35 ( 43 molecules
36 cox 38 2
36 cox 41 and
37 - 38 2
38 2 39 )
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 adhesion
41 and 43 molecules
43 molecules 44 .

to date , the intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying the expression of target proteins regulated by these factors are elusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 7 mechanisms
3 , 18 are
4 the 7 mechanisms
5 intracellular 7 mechanisms
6 signaling 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 8 underlying
7 mechanisms 18 are
8 underlying 10 expression
9 the 10 expression
10 expression 11 of
11 of 13 proteins
12 target 13 proteins
13 proteins 14 regulated
14 regulated 15 by
15 by 17 factors
16 these 17 factors
18 are 19 elusive

in this review , we discuss the mechanisms underlying the intracellular signaling pathways , especially ros , involved in the expression of several inflammatory proteins induced by proinflammatory factors in brain resident cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 8 mechanisms
7 the 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 underlying
8 mechanisms 18 involved
8 mechanisms 22 of
9 underlying 13 pathways
10 the 13 pathways
11 intracellular 13 pathways
12 signaling 13 pathways
13 pathways 16 ros
14 , 15 especially
14 , 16 ros
16 ros 17 ,
18 involved 19 in
19 in 21 expression
20 the 21 expression
22 of 25 proteins
23 several 25 proteins
24 inflammatory 25 proteins
25 proteins 26 induced
26 induced 27 by
27 by 29 factors
28 proinflammatory 29 factors
29 factors 30 in
30 in 33 cells
31 brain 33 cells
32 resident 33 cells

understanding redox signaling transduction mechanisms involved in the expression of target proteins and genes may provide useful therapeutic strategies for brain injury , inflammation , and neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 understanding 2 redox
1 understanding 7 in
1 understanding 15 may
2 redox 3 signaling
2 redox 6 involved
3 signaling 5 mechanisms
4 transduction 5 mechanisms
7 in 13 and
8 the 9 expression
9 expression 10 of
9 expression 13 and
10 of 12 proteins
11 target 12 proteins
13 and 14 genes
15 may 16 provide
16 provide 19 strategies
16 provide 20 for
17 useful 19 strategies
18 therapeutic 19 strategies
20 for 26 and
21 brain 22 injury
22 injury 23 ,
23 , 24 inflammation
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 diseases
27 neurodegenerative 28 diseases

an extensive body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the degenerative changes of systemic tissues in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 an 2 extensive
1 an 3 body
2 extensive 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 6 indicates
4 of 5 evidence
6 indicates 7 that
7 that 10 and
7 that 12 play
8 oxidative 9 stress
9 stress 10 and
10 and 11 inflammation
10 and 12 play
12 play 15 role
12 play 16 in
12 play 23 in
13 a 14 central
13 a 15 role
14 central 15 role
16 in 19 changes
17 the 19 changes
18 degenerative 19 changes
19 changes 20 of
20 of 22 tissues
21 systemic 22 tissues
23 in 24 aging

however a comparatively limited amount of data is available to verify whether these processes also contribute to normal aging within the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 verify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 7 data
2 a 5 amount
3 comparatively 4 limited
4 limited 5 amount
5 amount 6 of
5 amount 7 data
6 of 7 data
7 data 8 is
8 is 9 available
9 available 10 to
10 to 11 verify
11 verify 12 whether
11 verify 19 aging
12 whether 14 processes
12 whether 16 contribute
13 these 14 processes
14 processes 16 contribute
15 also 16 contribute
16 contribute 18 normal
17 to 18 normal
19 aging 20 within
20 within 22 brain
21 the 22 brain

high levels of oxidative damage results in key cellular changes including a reduction in available nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad [(] [+] [ )( (, an essential molecule required for a number of vital cellular processes including dna repair , immune signaling and epigenetic processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 high 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 25 (,
3 of 6 results
4 oxidative 5 damage
5 damage 6 results
6 results 7 in
6 results 14 in
7 in 10 changes
8 key 10 changes
9 cellular 10 changes
10 changes 11 including
11 including 13 reduction
12 a 13 reduction
14 in 18 dinucleotide
15 available 16 nicotinamide
16 nicotinamide 18 dinucleotide
17 adenine 18 dinucleotide
18 dinucleotide 20 nad
19 ( 20 nad
20 nad 24 )(
25 (, 28 molecule
25 (, 40 ,
26 an 27 essential
26 an 28 molecule
27 essential 28 molecule
28 molecule 29 required
28 molecule 30 for
28 molecule 37 including
30 for 36 processes
31 a 32 number
32 number 33 of
32 number 36 processes
33 of 36 processes
34 vital 36 processes
35 cellular 36 processes
37 including 39 repair
38 dna 39 repair
40 , 42 signaling
40 , 43 and
41 immune 42 signaling
43 and 45 processing
44 epigenetic 45 processing

in this study we quantified changes in [ nad [(] h ) ] [and] markers of inflammation and oxidative damage ( f2 - isoprostanes , 8 - ohdg , total antioxidant capacity ) in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) of healthy humans across a wide age range ( 24 - 91 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 isoprostanes
1 in 3 study
1 in 13 ]
1 in 20 damage
2 this 3 study
3 study 4 we
3 study 7 in
3 study 9 nad
4 we 5 quantified
5 quantified 6 changes
5 quantified 7 in
8 [ 9 nad
9 nad 11 h
9 nad 12 )
15 markers 16 of
15 markers 18 and
16 of 17 inflammation
18 and 19 oxidative
18 and 20 damage
20 damage 22 f2
20 damage 24 isoprostanes
21 ( 22 f2
22 f2 23 -
24 isoprostanes 27 -
24 isoprostanes 34 in
24 isoprostanes 44 across
25 , 27 -
26 8 27 -
27 - 28 ohdg
27 - 33 )
28 ohdg 32 capacity
29 , 32 capacity
30 total 31 antioxidant
31 antioxidant 32 capacity
32 capacity 33 )
34 in 37 fluid
35 the 37 fluid
36 cerebrospinal 37 fluid
37 fluid 39 csf
37 fluid 41 of
38 ( 39 csf
39 csf 40 )
41 of 43 humans
42 healthy 43 humans
44 across 48 range
45 a 46 wide
45 a 48 range
46 wide 48 range
47 age 48 range
48 range 50 24
49 ( 50 24
50 24 53 years
50 24 55 .
51 - 53 years
52 91 53 years
53 years 54 )

csf was collected from consenting patients who required a spinal tap for the administration of anesthetic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 csf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 csf 2 was
2 was 3 collected
3 collected 4 from
4 from 6 patients
5 consenting 6 patients
6 patients 7 who
6 patients 8 required
7 who 8 required
8 required 11 tap
9 a 10 spinal
9 a 11 tap
10 spinal 11 tap
11 tap 12 for
12 for 14 administration
13 the 14 administration
14 administration 15 of
15 of 16 anesthetic

csf of participants aged >45 years was found to contain increased levels of lipid peroxidation ( f2 - isoprostanes ) ( p = 0.04 ) and inflammation ( il - 6 ) ( p = 0.00 ) and decreased levels of both total antioxidant capacity ( p = 0.00 ) and nad [(] h ) ( p = 0.05 ) , compared to their younger counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 csf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
1 csf 2 of
1 csf 38 and
2 of 6 years
3 participants 4 aged
4 aged 5 >45
5 >45 6 years
7 was 8 found
7 was 38 and
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 contain
10 contain 26 and
10 contain 35 =
11 increased 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
12 levels 26 and
13 of 15 peroxidation
14 lipid 15 peroxidation
15 peroxidation 18 -
15 peroxidation 23 =
16 ( 18 -
17 f2 18 -
18 - 19 isoprostanes
18 - 20 )
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.04
23 = 25 )
26 and 27 inflammation
26 and 29 il
26 and 31 6
28 ( 29 il
29 il 30 -
30 - 31 6
31 6 32 )
33 ( 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 0.00
35 = 37 )
38 and 39 decreased
38 and 51 and
40 levels 41 of
40 levels 51 and
41 of 45 capacity
42 both 43 total
43 total 44 antioxidant
44 antioxidant 45 capacity
45 capacity 48 =
46 ( 48 =
47 p 48 =
48 = 49 0.00
48 = 50 )
51 and 52 nad
51 and 55 )
51 and 58 =
51 and 62 compared
52 nad 54 h
56 ( 58 =
57 p 58 =
58 = 59 0.05
58 = 60 )
61 , 62 compared
62 compared 63 to
62 compared 67 .
63 to 66 counterparts
64 their 66 counterparts
65 younger 66 counterparts

a positive association was also observed between plasma [ nad [(] h ) []] and csf nad [(] h [ )(levels ( p = 0.03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 positive
1 a 3 association
2 positive 3 association
3 association 4 was
4 was 6 observed
5 also 6 observed
6 observed 7 between
7 between 8 plasma
8 plasma 10 nad
9 [ 10 nad
10 nad 12 h
10 nad 13 )
15 and 17 nad
15 and 21 )(levels
16 csf 17 nad
17 nad 19 h
17 nad 21 )(levels
21 )(levels 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.03
24 = 26 )

further analysis of the data identified a relationship between alcohol intake and csf [ nad [(] h ) ] and markers of inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 further 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 6 identified
3 of 5 data
4 the 5 data
6 identified 8 relationship
6 identified 9 between
7 a 8 relationship
9 between 20 and
10 alcohol 11 intake
11 intake 12 and
12 and 13 csf
12 and 19 ]
12 and 20 and
13 csf 15 nad
14 [ 15 nad
15 nad 17 h
15 nad 18 )
20 and 21 markers
20 and 22 of
22 of 23 inflammation

the csf of participants who consumed >1 standard drink of alcohol per day contained lower levels of nad [(] h [ )(compared to those who consumed no alcohol ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 csf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 contained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 csf
2 csf 3 of
2 csf 5 who
2 csf 6 consumed
2 csf 14 contained
3 of 4 participants
5 who 6 consumed
6 consumed 9 drink
7 >1 9 drink
8 standard 9 drink
9 drink 10 of
10 of 11 alcohol
11 alcohol 12 per
12 per 13 day
14 contained 16 levels
15 lower 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
16 levels 22 )(compared
16 levels 25 who
16 levels 26 consumed
17 of 18 nad
18 nad 20 h
22 )(compared 23 to
23 to 24 those
25 who 26 consumed
26 consumed 28 alcohol
27 no 28 alcohol
28 alcohol 30 p<0.05
29 ( 30 p<0.05
30 p<0.05 31 )

an increase in csf il - 6 [was] observed in participants who reported drinking >0 - 1 ( p<0.05 ) and >1 ( p<0.05 ) standard alcoholic drinks per day compared to those who did not drink alcohol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 an 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 14 drinking
2 increase 21 and
3 in 5 il
4 csf 5 il
6 - 9 observed
7 6 9 observed
9 observed 10 in
9 observed 14 drinking
10 in 11 participants
11 participants 12 who
11 participants 13 reported
12 who 13 reported
14 drinking 15 >0
15 >0 17 1
16 - 17 1
17 1 19 p<0.05
17 1 20 )
18 ( 19 p<0.05
19 p<0.05 20 )
21 and 28 drinks
21 and 32 to
22 >1 24 p<0.05
22 >1 25 )
22 >1 28 drinks
23 ( 24 p<0.05
24 p<0.05 25 )
26 standard 28 drinks
27 alcoholic 28 drinks
28 drinks 29 per
28 drinks 31 compared
29 per 30 day
32 to 33 those
33 those 34 who
33 those 35 did
34 who 35 did
35 did 36 not
35 did 37 drink
37 drink 38 alcohol

[taken] together these data suggest a progressive age associated increase in oxidative damage , inflammation [and] reduced [ nad [(] h ) ] in the brain which may be exacerbated by alcohol intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 together 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 age
5 suggest 10 increase
6 a 8 age
7 progressive 8 age
8 age 9 associated
10 increase 11 in
10 increase 24 in
11 in 13 damage
12 oxidative 13 damage
13 damage 15 inflammation
14 , 15 inflammation
15 inflammation 17 reduced
15 inflammation 19 nad
15 inflammation 23 ]
18 [ 19 nad
19 nad 21 h
19 nad 22 )
24 in 26 brain
25 the 26 brain
26 brain 27 which
26 brain 28 may
27 which 28 may
28 may 29 be
29 be 30 exacerbated
30 exacerbated 31 by
31 by 33 intake
32 alcohol 33 intake

objective : to describe different end criteria for reaching maximal oxygen uptake ( vo2max ) during a continuous graded exercise test on the treadmill , [and] to explore the manner by which different end criteria have an impact on the magnitude of the vo2max result . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 7 criteria
4 describe 8 for
5 different 6 end
6 end 7 criteria
8 for 9 reaching
9 reaching 12 uptake
9 reaching 16 during
9 reaching 22 on
10 maximal 12 uptake
11 oxygen 12 uptake
12 uptake 14 vo2max
13 ( 14 vo2max
14 vo2max 15 )
16 during 21 test
17 a 21 test
18 continuous 20 exercise
19 graded 20 exercise
20 exercise 21 test
22 on 24 treadmill
23 the 24 treadmill
24 treadmill 27 to
25 , 27 to
27 to 28 explore
27 to 46 .
28 explore 30 manner
29 the 30 manner
30 manner 31 by
30 manner 39 on
31 by 32 which
31 by 35 criteria
31 by 36 have
33 different 34 end
34 end 35 criteria
35 criteria 36 have
36 have 38 impact
37 an 38 impact
39 on 41 magnitude
40 the 41 magnitude
41 magnitude 42 of
42 of 45 result
43 the 45 result
44 vo2max 45 result

methods : a sample of 861 individuals ( 390 women ) aged 20 - 85 years performed an exercise test on a treadmill until exhaustion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 sample
3 a 4 sample
4 sample 5 of
4 sample 12 aged
5 of 7 individuals
6 861 7 individuals
7 individuals 10 women
8 ( 10 women
9 390 10 women
10 women 11 )
12 aged 13 20
14 - 16 years
14 - 17 performed
14 - 26 .
15 85 16 years
16 years 17 performed
17 performed 20 test
17 performed 21 on
17 performed 24 until
18 an 19 exercise
18 an 20 test
19 exercise 20 test
21 on 23 treadmill
22 a 23 treadmill
24 until 25 exhaustion

results : eight hundred and four healthy participants ( 93 % ) fulfilled the exercise test until voluntary exhaustion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 participants
2 : 13 fulfilled
2 : 20 .
3 eight 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 four
6 four 8 participants
7 healthy 8 participants
8 participants 11 %
8 participants 13 fulfilled
9 ( 11 %
10 93 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 fulfilled 16 test
13 fulfilled 17 until
14 the 16 test
15 exercise 16 test
17 until 19 exhaustion
18 voluntary 19 exhaustion

there were no sex - related differences in hrmax , rer , or borg scale rating , whereas blood [lactate] concentration was 18 % lower in women ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 there 21 concentration
2 were 4 sex
2 were 16 rating
2 were 17 ,
2 were 21 concentration
3 no 4 sex
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 differences
6 related 8 in
6 related 16 rating
8 in 13 or
9 hrmax 10 ,
10 , 11 rer
10 , 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 15 scale
14 borg 15 scale
18 whereas 19 blood
18 whereas 21 concentration
21 concentration 22 was
22 was 24 %
22 was 25 lower
22 was 26 in
23 18 24 %
26 in 27 women
27 women 29 p<0.001
28 ( 29 p<0.001
29 p<0.001 30 )

forty - two percent of the participants achieved a plateau in vo2 ; these individuals had 5 % higher ventilation ( p = 0.033 ) , 4 % higher rer ( p<0.001 ) , and 5 % higher blood [lactate] concentration ( p = 0.047 ) compared with participants who did not reach a vo2 plateau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 percent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 forty 2 -
2 - 3 two
2 - 4 percent
4 percent 5 of
4 percent 8 achieved
5 of 7 participants
6 the 7 participants
8 achieved 10 plateau
9 a 10 plateau
10 plateau 11 in
11 in 12 vo2
13 ; 15 individuals
13 ; 16 had
13 ; 35 and
14 these 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 had
16 had 20 ventilation
17 5 18 %
18 % 20 ventilation
19 higher 20 ventilation
20 ventilation 23 =
20 ventilation 30 rer
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.033
23 = 25 )
26 , 30 rer
27 4 30 rer
28 % 30 rer
29 higher 30 rer
30 rer 32 p<0.001
30 rer 34 ,
31 ( 32 p<0.001
32 p<0.001 33 )
35 and 41 concentration
35 and 47 compared
36 5 41 concentration
37 % 39 blood
38 higher 39 blood
39 blood 41 concentration
41 concentration 44 =
41 concentration 47 compared
42 ( 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 45 0.047
44 = 46 )
47 compared 48 with
48 with 49 participants
49 participants 50 who
49 participants 51 did
50 who 51 did
51 did 52 not
51 did 53 reach
53 reach 56 plateau
54 a 56 plateau
55 vo2 56 plateau

when using rer ≥1.15 or blood lactate concentration ≥8.0 mmol•l ( - 1 ) , vo2max was 4 % ( p = 0.012 [ )(and 10 % [greater] ( p<0.001 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 lactate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 when 2 using
1 when 5 or
2 using 3 rer
4 ≥1.15 5 or
5 or 6 blood
5 or 7 lactate
7 lactate 10 mmol•l
8 concentration 10 mmol•l
9 ≥8.0 10 mmol•l
10 mmol•l 13 1
11 ( 13 1
12 - 13 1
13 1 14 )
15 , 16 vo2max
15 , 17 was
16 vo2max 17 was
17 was 19 %
17 was 33 respectively
18 4 19 %
19 % 27 %
20 ( 27 %
21 p 22 =
22 = 25 )(and
23 0.012 25 )(and
25 )(and 26 10
26 10 27 %
27 % 30 p<0.001
27 % 32 ,
29 ( 30 p<0.001
30 p<0.001 31 )

a blood [lactate] concentration ≥8.0 mmol•l ( - 1 ) excluded 63 % of the participants in the 50 - 85 - [year] - old cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mmol•l
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 6 mmol•l
2 blood 6 mmol•l
4 concentration 6 mmol•l
5 ≥8.0 6 mmol•l
6 mmol•l 9 1
6 mmol•l 11 excluded
7 ( 9 1
8 - 9 1
9 1 10 )
11 excluded 13 %
11 excluded 17 in
11 excluded 22 -
12 63 13 %
13 % 14 of
14 of 16 participants
15 the 16 participants
17 in 19 50
18 the 19 50
20 - 21 85
21 85 22 -
22 - 24 -
24 - 26 cohort
25 old 26 cohort

conclusions : a range of typical end criteria are presented in a random sample of subjects aged 20 - 85 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 range
3 a 4 range
4 range 5 of
5 of 21 years
6 typical 7 end
7 end 8 criteria
8 criteria 9 are
9 are 10 presented
10 presented 11 in
11 in 14 sample
12 a 13 random
12 a 14 sample
13 random 14 sample
14 sample 15 of
15 of 16 subjects
16 subjects 17 aged
17 aged 19 -
18 20 19 -
19 - 20 85
20 85 21 years

the choice of end criteria will have an impact on the number of the participants as well as the vo2max outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 choice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 choice
2 choice 3 of
2 choice 6 will
3 of 5 criteria
4 end 5 criteria
6 will 7 have
7 have 9 impact
7 have 10 on
8 an 9 impact
10 on 15 participants
11 the 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 15 participants
13 of 15 participants
14 the 15 participants
15 participants 18 as
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 21 outcome
19 the 21 outcome
20 vo2max 21 outcome

suggestions for new recommendations are given . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 suggestions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 suggestions 2 for
1 suggestions 5 are
2 for 4 recommendations
3 new 4 recommendations
5 are 6 given

for a better understanding of the maintenance of immune mechanisms [to] bordetella [pertussis] ( [bp] [ )(in relation to age , [we] investigated the dynamic range of specific [b] cell responses in various age - groups at different time points after a laboratory confirmed pertussis infection . 
1 for 4 understanding
1 for 12 bordetella
2 a 4 understanding
3 better 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
4 understanding 8 of
5 of 7 maintenance
6 the 7 maintenance
8 of 10 mechanisms
9 immune 10 mechanisms
12 bordetella 19 to
12 bordetella 23 investigated
14 ( 19 to
17 )(in 18 relation
18 relation 19 to
19 to 20 age
19 to 21 ,
23 investigated 26 range
23 investigated 32 in
24 the 26 range
25 dynamic 26 range
26 range 27 of
27 of 31 responses
28 specific 30 cell
30 cell 31 responses
32 in 34 age
33 various 34 age
34 age 36 groups
35 - 36 groups
36 groups 37 at
36 groups 40 points
36 groups 44 confirmed
36 groups 47 .
37 at 39 time
38 different 39 time
40 points 41 after
40 points 44 confirmed
41 after 43 laboratory
42 a 43 laboratory
44 confirmed 46 infection
45 pertussis 46 infection

blood samples were obtained in a dutch cross sectional observational study from symptomatic pertussis cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 blood 2 samples
2 samples 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 in
5 in 8 cross
6 a 7 dutch
6 a 8 cross
7 dutch 8 cross
8 cross 11 study
8 cross 15 cases
9 sectional 11 study
10 observational 11 study
11 study 12 from
11 study 15 cases
12 from 14 pertussis
13 symptomatic 14 pertussis

lymphocyte subpopulations were phenotyped by flowcytometry before and after culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subpopulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 phenotyped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 lymphocyte 2 subpopulations
2 subpopulations 3 were
3 were 4 phenotyped
4 phenotyped 5 by
5 by 6 flowcytometry
6 flowcytometry 8 and
7 before 8 and
8 and 9 after
9 after 10 culture

memory b ( bmem ) cells were differentiated into igg antibody secreting cells ( asc ) by polyclonal stimulation and detected by an elispot assay specific for pertussis antigens pertussis toxin ( ptx ) , filamentous haemagglutinin ( fha ) and pertactin ( prn ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 memory 2 b
1 memory 4 bmem
1 memory 6 cells
3 ( 4 bmem
4 bmem 5 )
6 cells 20 and
6 cells 41 and
7 were 8 differentiated
7 were 20 and
8 differentiated 9 into
8 differentiated 17 by
9 into 13 cells
10 igg 11 antibody
11 antibody 13 cells
12 secreting 13 cells
13 cells 15 asc
14 ( 15 asc
15 asc 16 )
17 by 19 stimulation
18 polyclonal 19 stimulation
20 and 21 detected
20 and 31 toxin
21 detected 22 by
21 detected 29 antigens
22 by 25 assay
23 an 25 assay
24 elispot 25 assay
25 assay 26 specific
26 specific 27 for
27 for 28 pertussis
30 pertussis 31 toxin
31 toxin 33 ptx
31 toxin 37 haemagglutinin
32 ( 33 ptx
33 ptx 34 )
35 , 37 haemagglutinin
36 filamentous 37 haemagglutinin
37 haemagglutinin 39 fha
37 haemagglutinin 40 )
38 ( 39 fha
39 fha 40 )
41 and 42 pertactin
41 and 44 prn
43 ( 44 prn
44 prn 45 )

[bp] antigen specific igg concentrations in plasma were determined using multiplex technology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 antigen 5 concentrations
3 specific 5 concentrations
4 igg 5 concentrations
5 concentrations 6 in
5 concentrations 8 were
6 in 7 plasma
8 were 9 determined
9 determined 10 using
10 using 12 technology
11 multiplex 12 technology

the majority of subjects having experienced a clinical pertussis episode demonstrated high levels of both bp specific igg and bmem cell levels within the first 6 weeks after diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 4 subjects
3 of 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 having
4 subjects 11 demonstrated
5 having 6 experienced
6 experienced 10 episode
7 a 8 clinical
7 a 10 episode
8 clinical 9 pertussis
9 pertussis 10 episode
11 demonstrated 13 levels
11 demonstrated 23 within
12 high 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 19 and
15 both 19 and
16 bp 18 igg
17 specific 18 igg
18 igg 19 and
19 and 22 levels
20 bmem 21 cell
21 cell 22 levels
23 within 25 first
24 the 25 first
25 first 28 after
26 6 27 weeks
27 weeks 28 after
28 after 29 diagnosis

significantly lower levels were observed thereafter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 significantly 2 lower
2 lower 3 levels
3 levels 4 were
4 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 thereafter

waning of cellular and humoral immunity to maintenance levels occurred within 9 months after antigen encounter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 waning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 waning 2 of
1 waning 10 occurred
2 of 6 immunity
3 cellular 4 and
4 and 5 humoral
4 and 6 immunity
6 immunity 7 to
7 to 9 levels
8 maintenance 9 levels
10 occurred 11 within
11 within 12 9
12 9 13 months
12 9 16 encounter
13 months 14 after
13 months 16 encounter
14 after 15 antigen

age was found to determine the maximum but not base - line frequencies of bmem cell populations ; higher levels of bmem cells specific for ptx and fha were reached in adults [and] ( pre - [ )(elderly compared to [under] [-] fours and schoolchildren in the first 6 weeks after bp exposure , [whereas] not in later phases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 age 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 4 to
3 found 10 base
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 7 maximum
5 determine 8 but
6 the 7 maximum
8 but 9 not
11 - 13 frequencies
11 - 18 ;
12 line 13 frequencies
13 frequencies 14 of
14 of 17 populations
15 bmem 17 populations
16 cell 17 populations
18 ; 27 and
18 ; 30 reached
19 higher 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
20 levels 27 and
21 of 23 cells
22 bmem 23 cells
23 cells 24 specific
24 specific 25 for
25 for 26 ptx
27 and 28 fha
27 and 29 were
29 were 30 reached
30 reached 31 in
30 reached 36 -
31 in 32 adults
34 ( 36 -
35 pre 36 -
36 - 44 and
38 )(elderly 39 compared
38 )(elderly 40 to
38 )(elderly 44 and
40 to 43 fours
44 and 45 schoolchildren
44 and 46 in
44 and 51 after
46 in 48 first
47 the 48 first
49 6 50 weeks
50 weeks 51 after
51 after 53 exposure
52 bp 53 exposure
53 exposure 57 in
54 , 56 not
54 , 57 in
57 in 59 phases
57 in 60 .
58 later 59 phases

this age effect was less obvious for specific igg levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 3 effect
2 age 3 effect
3 effect 4 was
4 was 6 obvious
5 less 6 obvious
6 obvious 7 for
7 for 10 levels
8 specific 10 levels
9 igg 10 levels

nonetheless , subjects ' levels of specific bmem cells and specific igg were weakly correlated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 nonetheless 2 ,
1 nonetheless 5 levels
3 subjects 4 '
4 ' 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 13 were
6 of 10 and
7 specific 9 cells
8 bmem 9 cells
9 cells 10 and
10 and 12 igg
11 specific 12 igg
13 were 14 weakly
13 were 15 correlated

this is the first study to show that both age and closeness to last bp encounter impacts the size of bp specific bmem [cell] and plasma igg levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 study
2 is 6 to
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 study
6 to 7 show
7 show 11 and
7 show 13 to
7 show 19 size
7 show 28 levels
8 that 11 and
9 both 11 and
10 age 11 and
11 and 12 closeness
13 to 17 impacts
14 last 17 impacts
15 bp 17 impacts
16 encounter 17 impacts
18 the 19 size
19 size 20 of
19 size 28 levels
20 of 25 and
21 bp 23 bmem
22 specific 23 bmem
23 bmem 25 and
25 and 27 igg
26 plasma 27 igg

during the dna damage response ( ddr ) , ubiquitination plays an important role in the recruitment and regulation of repair proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ubiquitination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 during 5 response
1 during 9 ,
1 during 10 ubiquitination
2 the 5 response
3 dna 5 response
4 damage 5 response
5 response 7 ddr
6 ( 7 ddr
7 ddr 8 )
10 ubiquitination 11 plays
11 plays 14 role
11 plays 15 in
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 role
13 important 14 role
15 in 18 and
16 the 17 recruitment
17 recruitment 18 and
18 and 19 regulation
18 and 20 of
20 of 22 proteins
21 repair 22 proteins

however , little is known about elimination of the ubiquitination signal after repair is completed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 12 after
6 about 7 elimination
7 elimination 8 of
8 of 11 signal
9 the 11 signal
10 ubiquitination 11 signal
12 after 13 repair
12 after 15 completed
13 repair 14 is
14 is 15 completed

here we show that the ubiquitin - specific protease 5 ( usp5 ) , a deubiquitinating enzyme , is involved in the elimination of the ubiquitin signal from damaged sites and is required for efficient dna double - strand break [(] dsb ) repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 6 ubiquitin
3 show 31 and
5 the 6 ubiquitin
6 ubiquitin 9 protease
6 ubiquitin 17 enzyme
6 ubiquitin 31 and
7 - 9 protease
8 specific 9 protease
9 protease 10 5
9 protease 12 usp5
9 protease 13 )
11 ( 12 usp5
12 usp5 13 )
14 , 17 enzyme
15 a 17 enzyme
16 deubiquitinating 17 enzyme
17 enzyme 18 ,
19 is 20 involved
19 is 31 and
20 involved 21 in
20 involved 28 from
21 in 23 elimination
22 the 23 elimination
23 elimination 24 of
24 of 27 signal
25 the 27 signal
26 ubiquitin 27 signal
28 from 30 sites
29 damaged 30 sites
31 and 32 is
31 and 34 for
31 and 44 repair
32 is 33 required
34 for 36 dna
35 efficient 36 dna
37 double 42 dsb
37 double 44 repair
38 - 42 dsb
39 strand 40 break
40 break 42 dsb
42 dsb 43 )

depletion of usp5 sensitizes cells to dna damaging agents , produces dsbs , causes delayed disappearance [of] γh2ax foci after bleocin treatment , and influences dsb repair efficiency in the homologous recombination pathway but not in the [non] [-] homologous end joining pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 depletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 depletion 2 of
1 depletion 10 ,
2 of 3 usp5
4 sensitizes 5 cells
4 sensitizes 6 to
4 sensitizes 10 ,
6 to 7 dna
7 dna 8 damaging
8 damaging 9 agents
10 , 13 ,
10 , 20 after
10 , 34 but
11 produces 12 dsbs
11 produces 13 ,
13 , 14 causes
14 causes 19 foci
15 delayed 19 foci
16 disappearance 18 γh2ax
18 γh2ax 19 foci
20 after 24 and
21 bleocin 22 treatment
22 treatment 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 28 efficiency
25 influences 27 repair
26 dsb 27 repair
27 repair 28 efficiency
29 in 33 pathway
29 in 34 but
30 the 33 pathway
31 homologous 32 recombination
32 recombination 33 pathway
34 but 35 not
34 but 36 in
36 in 43 pathway
37 the 43 pathway
40 homologous 43 pathway
41 end 42 joining
42 joining 43 pathway

usp5 co [-] localizes to dsbs induced by laser micro - irradiation in a rad18 - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 co
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 localizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 usp5 2 co
2 co 4 localizes
4 localizes 5 to
4 localizes 8 by
5 to 6 dsbs
6 dsbs 7 induced
8 by 18 manner
9 laser 18 manner
10 micro 12 irradiation
10 micro 17 dependent
11 - 12 irradiation
12 irradiation 13 in
12 irradiation 16 -
13 in 15 rad18
14 a 15 rad18
17 dependent 18 manner

importantly , polyubiquitin chains at sites of dna damage remained for longer periods in usp5 - depleted cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 chains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 chains
3 polyubiquitin 4 chains
4 chains 5 at
4 chains 10 remained
5 at 6 sites
6 sites 7 of
7 of 9 damage
8 dna 9 damage
10 remained 11 for
10 remained 14 in
11 for 13 periods
12 longer 13 periods
14 in 15 usp5
16 - 18 cells
16 - 19 .
17 depleted 18 cells

our results show that disassembly of polyubiquitin chains by usp5 at sites of damage is important for efficient dsb repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 5 disassembly
3 show 15 is
4 that 5 disassembly
5 disassembly 6 of
5 disassembly 15 is
6 of 8 chains
7 polyubiquitin 8 chains
8 chains 9 by
9 by 10 usp5
10 usp5 11 at
11 at 12 sites
12 sites 13 of
13 of 14 damage
15 is 16 important
16 important 17 for
17 for 20 repair
18 efficient 20 repair
19 dsb 20 repair

obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease , and its prevalence among the elderly is increasing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 obesity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 obesity 2 is
2 is 5 factor
3 a 5 factor
4 risk 5 factor
5 factor 6 for
6 for 9 disease
7 chronic 8 kidney
8 kidney 9 disease
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 prevalence
11 and 17 is
12 its 13 prevalence
13 prevalence 14 among
13 prevalence 17 is
14 among 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly
17 is 18 increasing

we investigated the effects of changes in body fat [percentage] ( bfp ) on the longitudinal changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 effects
2 investigated 7 in
2 investigated 14 on
2 investigated 27 in
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
5 of 6 changes
7 in 9 fat
8 body 9 fat
9 fat 12 bfp
11 ( 12 bfp
12 bfp 13 )
14 on 17 changes
15 the 17 changes
16 longitudinal 17 changes
17 changes 18 in
18 in 23 rate
19 the 23 rate
20 estimated 22 filtration
21 glomerular 22 filtration
22 filtration 23 rate
23 rate 25 egfr
24 ( 25 egfr
25 egfr 26 )
27 in 29 elderly
28 the 29 elderly

this prospective cohort study included 390 participants aged >65 years who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and follow - up as a part of the korean longitudinal study on health and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cohort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 this 3 cohort
2 prospective 3 cohort
3 cohort 4 study
3 cohort 5 included
3 cohort 8 aged
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 participants
6 390 7 participants
8 aged 10 years
9 >65 10 years
10 years 11 who
10 years 18 and
11 who 18 and
12 underwent 15 analysis
12 underwent 16 at
12 underwent 18 and
13 bioelectrical 14 impedance
14 impedance 15 analysis
16 at 17 baseline
18 and 19 follow
20 - 21 up
20 - 34 .
21 up 22 as
21 up 29 study
21 up 30 on
22 as 27 korean
23 a 24 part
24 part 25 of
24 part 27 korean
25 of 27 korean
26 the 27 korean
28 longitudinal 29 study
30 on 33 aging
31 health 32 and
32 and 33 aging

after a median follow - up period of 5.3 years , bfp was significantly higher than that at the start point ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 after 3 median
1 after 4 follow
2 a 3 median
4 follow 6 up
5 - 6 up
6 up 7 period
6 up 11 ,
7 period 8 of
8 of 10 years
9 5.3 10 years
11 , 12 bfp
11 , 13 was
12 bfp 13 was
13 was 14 significantly
13 was 15 higher
15 higher 16 than
15 higher 18 at
16 than 17 that
18 at 21 point
19 the 21 point
20 start 21 point
21 point 23 p<0.05
22 ( 23 p<0.05
23 p<0.05 24 )

participants who had the largest increase in bfp had the highest bmi and waist circumference ( wc ) ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 participants 2 who
1 participants 3 had
1 participants 9 had
2 who 3 had
3 had 6 increase
3 had 7 in
4 the 5 largest
4 the 6 increase
7 in 8 bfp
9 had 13 and
10 the 11 highest
10 the 13 and
12 bmi 13 and
13 and 15 circumference
13 and 17 wc
13 and 20 p<0.001
14 waist 15 circumference
16 ( 17 wc
17 wc 18 )
19 ( 20 p<0.001
20 p<0.001 21 )

the highest tertile had the highest white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate , [incidence] of rapid progression , and decline in egfr >25 % ( p≤0.017 , p = 0.025 , p = 0.005 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tertile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 highest
1 the 3 tertile
3 tertile 4 had
4 had 21 and
4 had 35 =
4 had 38 respectively
5 the 6 highest
5 the 10 count
7 white 10 count
8 blood 9 cell
9 cell 10 count
10 count 11 and
11 and 14 rate
11 and 17 of
11 and 21 and
12 erythrocyte 14 rate
13 sedimentation 14 rate
15 , 17 of
17 of 19 progression
17 of 20 ,
18 rapid 19 progression
21 and 22 decline
21 and 23 in
21 and 28 p≤0.017
21 and 31 =
23 in 26 %
24 egfr 25 >25
25 >25 26 %
27 ( 28 p≤0.017
28 p≤0.017 29 ,
29 , 31 =
30 p 31 =
31 = 32 0.025
31 = 33 ,
33 , 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 0.005
35 = 37 ,
37 , 38 respectively
38 respectively 39 )

the lowest tertile had the lowest [triglyceride] and highest high - density lipoprotein levels ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tertile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 lowest
1 the 3 tertile
3 tertile 4 had
4 had 14 levels
5 the 8 and
5 the 14 levels
6 lowest 8 and
8 and 9 highest
10 high 11 -
10 high 12 density
12 density 14 levels
13 lipoprotein 14 levels
14 levels 16 p<0.05
15 ( 16 p<0.05
16 p<0.05 17 )

the adjusted decline rate in egfr was correlated with a change in bfp ( p = 0.039 ) , but not with that in bmi or wc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 rate
2 adjusted 3 decline
3 decline 4 rate
4 rate 5 in
4 rate 7 was
5 in 6 egfr
7 was 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
9 with 11 change
10 a 11 change
11 change 20 but
12 in 13 bfp
12 in 20 but
13 bfp 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 17 0.039
16 = 18 )
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 not
20 but 22 with
22 with 26 or
23 that 24 in
23 that 26 or
24 in 25 bmi
26 or 27 wc

the highest tertile had a 4.875 [-] fold increase in the risk for rapid progression to a decline in egfr [(] 95 % ci : [1.366] - 17.397 [ )(and [a] 4.931 - fold decrease in the risk to a decline in egfr>25 % [(] 95 % ci : 1.617 - 15.037 [ )(, when compared with the lowest tertile . 
1 the 2 highest
1 the 3 tertile
3 tertile 4 had
4 had 9 increase
5 a 9 increase
6 4.875 9 increase
8 fold 9 increase
9 increase 10 in
9 increase 13 for
10 in 12 risk
11 the 12 risk
13 for 15 progression
14 rapid 15 progression
15 progression 16 to
15 progression 24 ci
15 progression 25 :
16 to 18 decline
17 a 18 decline
18 decline 19 in
19 in 20 egfr
20 egfr 22 95
23 % 24 ci
24 ci 25 :
25 : 33 -
25 : 36 in
27 - 33 -
28 17.397 30 )(and
30 )(and 32 4.931
30 )(and 33 -
33 - 35 decrease
34 fold 35 decrease
36 in 38 risk
37 the 38 risk
38 risk 39 to
38 risk 48 ci
38 risk 49 :
39 to 41 decline
40 a 41 decline
41 decline 42 in
42 in 44 %
43 egfr>25 44 %
46 95 48 ci
47 % 48 ci
48 ci 49 :
49 : 51 -
49 : 55 when
50 1.617 51 -
51 - 52 15.037
54 )(, 55 when
55 when 56 compared
55 when 61 .
56 compared 57 with
56 compared 60 tertile
57 with 59 lowest
58 the 59 lowest

in subgroup analysis , the incidence of renal outcomes was significantly increased according to the increase in bfp in patients with lower egfr ( p≤0.010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 analysis
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 incidence
2 subgroup 3 analysis
5 the 6 incidence
6 incidence 7 of
6 incidence 10 was
7 of 9 outcomes
8 renal 9 outcomes
10 was 12 increased
11 significantly 12 increased
12 increased 14 to
12 increased 17 in
12 increased 19 in
12 increased 21 with
13 according 14 to
14 to 16 increase
15 the 16 increase
17 in 18 bfp
19 in 20 patients
21 with 23 egfr
22 lower 23 egfr
23 egfr 25 p≤0.010
24 ( 25 p≤0.010
25 p≤0.010 26 )

a change in bfp may be associated with inflammation and dyslipidemia development , and longitudinal changes in body fat are related to a decrease in egfr in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 change
2 change 3 in
2 change 5 may
3 in 4 bfp
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 and
9 inflammation 10 and
10 and 12 development
11 dyslipidemia 12 development
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 changes
14 and 21 related
15 longitudinal 16 changes
16 changes 17 in
16 changes 20 are
17 in 19 fat
18 body 19 fat
20 are 21 related
21 related 22 to
21 related 25 in
21 related 27 in
22 to 24 decrease
23 a 24 decrease
25 in 26 egfr
27 in 29 elderly
28 the 29 elderly

several aspects of chronologic and biologic aging in the human choroid are reviewed from the literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 several 2 aspects
2 aspects 3 of
2 aspects 12 are
3 of 5 and
4 chronologic 5 and
5 and 6 biologic
5 and 7 aging
7 aging 8 in
8 in 11 choroid
9 the 11 choroid
10 human 11 choroid
12 are 13 reviewed
13 reviewed 14 from
14 from 16 literature
15 the 16 literature

they often reveal methodological problems for age - dependent changes of the following parameters : choroidal thickness , choroidal pigmentation , choroidal vasculature and blood flow , and choroidal innervation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 they 3 reveal
2 often 3 reveal
3 reveal 5 problems
4 methodological 5 problems
5 problems 6 for
5 problems 10 changes
6 for 7 age
8 - 10 changes
9 dependent 10 changes
10 changes 11 of
10 changes 15 :
11 of 14 parameters
12 the 13 following
12 the 14 parameters
15 : 28 and
15 : 31 .
16 choroidal 17 thickness
17 thickness 18 ,
18 , 20 pigmentation
18 , 21 ,
19 choroidal 20 pigmentation
21 , 23 vasculature
21 , 24 and
22 choroidal 23 vasculature
24 and 26 flow
24 and 28 and
25 blood 26 flow
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 innervation
29 choroidal 30 innervation

on reinterpreting some data of studies concerning bruch 's membrane , changes observed at different age points seem more likely to be nonlinear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 on 2 reinterpreting
1 on 11 ,
1 on 12 changes
2 reinterpreting 4 data
3 some 4 data
4 data 5 of
5 of 6 studies
6 studies 7 concerning
7 concerning 10 membrane
8 bruch 9 's
9 's 10 membrane
12 changes 13 observed
12 changes 14 at
12 changes 18 seem
14 at 17 points
15 different 16 age
16 age 17 points
18 seem 20 likely
19 more 20 likely
20 likely 21 to
20 likely 22 be
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 nonlinear

concluding from the data presented so far , chronologic aging should not be used as a factor for physiological changes in the human choroid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 concluding 2 from
1 concluding 10 aging
1 concluding 11 should
2 from 4 data
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 presented
5 presented 7 far
5 presented 8 ,
5 presented 9 chronologic
6 so 7 far
11 should 12 not
11 should 13 be
13 be 14 used
14 used 15 as
14 used 21 in
15 as 17 factor
16 a 17 factor
17 factor 18 for
18 for 20 changes
19 physiological 20 changes
21 in 24 choroid
22 the 24 choroid
23 human 24 choroid

longitudinal study designs are necessary to further establish the impact of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 designs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 longitudinal 2 study
2 study 3 designs
3 designs 4 are
4 are 5 necessary
5 necessary 6 to
5 necessary 8 establish
6 to 8 establish
7 further 8 establish
8 establish 10 impact
9 the 10 impact
10 impact 11 of
11 of 12 age

meanwhile , a more biologic oriented model of aging processes in the choroid should be established , including specified conditions ( e.g [.] , light exposure and refractory state ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 meanwhile 2 ,
1 meanwhile 7 model
3 a 7 model
4 more 5 biologic
5 biologic 7 model
6 oriented 7 model
7 model 8 of
7 model 14 should
8 of 9 aging
9 aging 10 processes
9 aging 11 in
11 in 13 choroid
12 the 13 choroid
14 should 15 be
15 be 16 established
16 established 18 including
17 , 18 including
18 including 20 conditions
18 including 30 )
19 specified 20 conditions
20 conditions 27 and
21 ( 27 and
22 e.g 24 ,
24 , 26 exposure
24 , 27 and
25 light 26 exposure
27 and 29 state
27 and 30 )
28 refractory 29 state

this would help to define more individual strategies for prevention and early stages of a certain defined disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 would
2 would 3 help
3 help 4 to
3 help 5 define
4 to 5 define
5 define 8 strategies
6 more 8 strategies
7 individual 8 strategies
8 strategies 9 for
9 for 11 and
10 prevention 11 and
11 and 13 stages
11 and 14 of
12 early 13 stages
14 of 18 disease
15 a 16 certain
15 a 18 disease
16 certain 18 disease
17 defined 18 disease

background : age - related decrease in bone marrow erythropoietic capacity is often accompanied by the telomere length shortening in peripheral white blood cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 age
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 decrease
5 related 7 in
5 related 25 .
7 in 9 marrow
8 bone 9 marrow
9 marrow 11 capacity
9 marrow 19 shortening
10 erythropoietic 11 capacity
11 capacity 12 is
12 is 13 often
12 is 14 accompanied
14 accompanied 15 by
15 by 18 length
16 the 18 length
17 telomere 18 length
18 length 19 shortening
19 shortening 20 in
20 in 24 cells
21 peripheral 22 white
22 white 24 cells
23 blood 24 cells

however , limited and conflicting data hamper the conclusive opinion regarding this relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hamper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 and
3 limited 4 and
4 and 6 data
4 and 7 hamper
5 conflicting 6 data
7 hamper 10 opinion
8 the 10 opinion
9 conclusive 10 opinion
10 opinion 11 regarding
11 regarding 13 relationship
12 this 13 relationship

therefore , the aim of this study was to assess an association between telomere length and peripheral blood cell count parameters in the polish elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 16 and
10 assess 20 count
11 an 12 association
12 association 13 between
12 association 16 and
13 between 15 length
14 telomere 15 length
16 and 19 cell
16 and 20 count
17 peripheral 19 cell
18 blood 19 cell
20 count 21 parameters
20 count 22 in
22 in 26 population
23 the 26 population
24 polish 26 population
25 elderly 26 population

material and methods : the substudy included 1573 of 4981 subjects aged 65 years [or] over , participants of the population - based polsenior study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 substudy
4 : 23 based
4 : 26 .
5 the 6 substudy
6 substudy 7 included
6 substudy 8 1573
6 substudy 16 over
6 substudy 18 participants
6 substudy 23 based
8 1573 9 of
8 1573 12 aged
9 of 11 subjects
10 4981 11 subjects
12 aged 14 years
12 aged 16 over
13 65 14 years
17 , 18 participants
18 participants 19 of
18 participants 22 -
19 of 21 population
20 the 21 population
23 based 25 study
24 polsenior 25 study

high - molecular - weight dna was isolated from blood mononuclear cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 high 2 -
1 high 5 weight
3 molecular 4 -
3 molecular 5 weight
5 weight 6 dna
6 dna 7 was
7 was 8 isolated
8 isolated 9 from
9 from 12 cells
10 blood 12 cells
11 mononuclear 12 cells

telomere length ( tl ) was measured by qrt - pcr as abundance of telomere [template] versus a single gene copy encoding acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 telomere 2 length
2 length 4 tl
2 length 6 was
3 ( 4 tl
4 tl 5 )
6 was 7 measured
7 measured 8 by
7 measured 12 as
8 by 11 pcr
9 qrt 11 pcr
10 - 11 pcr
12 as 13 abundance
13 abundance 14 of
14 of 15 telomere
15 telomere 17 versus
17 versus 21 copy
18 a 19 single
18 a 21 copy
19 single 20 gene
20 gene 21 copy
21 copy 22 encoding
22 encoding 26 p0
23 acidic 25 phosphoprotein
24 ribosomal 25 phosphoprotein
25 phosphoprotein 26 p0

results : only white blood [count] ( wbc ) was significantly different in tl tertile subgroups in all subjects ( p = 0.02 ) [and] in men ( p = 0.01 ) , but not in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 white
2 : 10 was
2 : 38 .
3 only 4 white
4 white 10 was
5 blood 8 wbc
5 blood 10 was
7 ( 8 wbc
8 wbc 9 )
10 was 11 significantly
10 was 12 different
12 different 13 in
12 different 17 in
12 different 34 but
13 in 16 subgroups
14 tl 16 subgroups
15 tertile 16 subgroups
17 in 19 subjects
18 all 19 subjects
19 subjects 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.02
22 = 24 )
26 in 27 men
26 in 34 but
27 men 30 =
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.01
30 = 32 )
33 , 34 but
34 but 35 not
34 but 36 in
36 in 37 women

merely [in] men significant but weak positive correlations were found between tl and wbc ( r = 0.11 , p < 0.05 ) and rbc ( r = 0.08 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 merely 3 men
1 merely 8 correlations
4 significant 5 but
5 but 6 weak
5 but 8 correlations
7 positive 8 correlations
8 correlations 9 were
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 between
10 found 32 <
11 between 24 and
12 tl 13 and
13 and 14 wbc
13 and 17 =
13 and 21 <
13 and 24 and
15 ( 17 =
16 r 17 =
17 = 18 0.11
17 = 19 ,
19 , 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.05
21 < 23 )
24 and 25 rbc
25 rbc 28 =
26 ( 28 =
27 r 28 =
28 = 29 0.08
28 = 30 ,
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.05
32 < 34 )

the multiple regression analysis models confirmed a weak , independent contribution of tl to both rbc and wbc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 5 models
2 multiple 5 models
3 regression 5 models
4 analysis 5 models
5 models 6 confirmed
6 confirmed 11 contribution
6 confirmed 14 to
7 a 8 weak
7 a 11 contribution
8 weak 9 ,
8 weak 11 contribution
10 independent 11 contribution
11 contribution 12 of
12 of 13 tl
14 to 17 and
15 both 17 and
16 rbc 17 and
17 and 18 wbc

conclusions : in the elderly , telomere shortening limits hematopoiesis capacity to a very limited extent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 telomere
4 the 7 telomere
5 elderly 6 ,
5 elderly 7 telomere
7 telomere 8 shortening
7 telomere 9 limits
8 shortening 9 limits
9 limits 11 capacity
9 limits 12 to
10 hematopoiesis 11 capacity
12 to 16 extent
13 a 14 very
13 a 16 extent
14 very 15 limited
15 limited 16 extent

in the industrialized part of the world , an increasing number of people live the old age without too many restrictions due to illness or physiological impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 live
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 4 part
1 in 8 ,
1 in 13 people
2 the 4 part
3 industrialized 4 part
4 part 5 of
5 of 7 world
6 the 7 world
9 an 11 number
10 increasing 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 13 people
12 of 13 people
13 people 14 live
14 live 17 age
14 live 23 to
15 the 17 age
16 old 17 age
17 age 18 without
18 without 21 restrictions
19 too 20 many
20 many 21 restrictions
22 due 23 to
23 to 25 or
24 illness 25 or
25 or 27 impairment
26 physiological 27 impairment

this group is known as the young [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 this 2 group
2 group 3 is
3 is 4 known
4 known 5 as
5 as 7 young
6 the 7 young

on the contrary , a consistent part of seniors develops a greater number of medical conditions and become more and more dependent , these are the old [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 on 3 contrary
1 on 23 ,
1 on 24 these
2 the 3 contrary
3 contrary 9 seniors
4 , 9 seniors
5 a 7 part
6 consistent 7 part
7 part 8 of
7 part 9 seniors
8 of 9 seniors
9 seniors 17 and
9 seniors 23 ,
10 develops 16 conditions
10 develops 17 and
11 a 13 number
12 greater 13 number
13 number 14 of
13 number 16 conditions
14 of 16 conditions
15 medical 16 conditions
17 and 18 become
18 become 20 and
18 become 22 dependent
19 more 20 and
20 and 21 more
24 these 25 are
25 are 27 old
26 the 27 old

the first cause [of] tooth lost in industrialized [word] is periodontitis that generally strikes people older than 40 years and determines serious detriment of the stomatognatic organ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tooth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 5 tooth
2 first 3 cause
3 cause 5 tooth
5 tooth 6 lost
5 tooth 8 industrialized
5 tooth 10 is
6 lost 7 in
10 is 11 periodontitis
11 periodontitis 20 and
12 that 13 generally
13 generally 14 strikes
14 strikes 15 people
14 strikes 20 and
15 people 16 older
16 older 17 than
17 than 19 years
18 40 19 years
20 and 21 determines
20 and 23 detriment
22 serious 23 detriment
23 detriment 24 of
24 of 27 organ
25 the 27 organ
26 stomatognatic 27 organ

smoking and stress are risk factors for periodontitis that are common and shared between young , adult , and older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 smoking 2 and
2 and 3 stress
2 and 4 are
4 are 12 and
5 risk 6 factors
5 risk 12 and
6 factors 7 for
7 for 8 periodontitis
8 periodontitis 9 that
8 periodontitis 10 are
9 that 10 are
10 are 11 common
12 and 13 shared
12 and 14 between
14 between 19 and
15 young 16 ,
16 , 17 adult
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 age
20 older 21 age

diabetes mellitus , obesity , and osteoporosis are very frequent pathological situations in older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 diabetes 2 mellitus
2 mellitus 3 ,
3 , 4 obesity
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 7 osteoporosis
6 and 8 are
8 are 12 situations
9 very 10 frequent
10 frequent 12 situations
11 pathological 12 situations
12 situations 13 in
13 in 15 age
14 older 15 age

they have been identified as cofactors in the progression of periodontitis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 they 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 4 identified
4 identified 5 as
4 identified 7 in
5 as 6 cofactors
7 in 9 progression
8 the 9 progression
9 progression 10 of
10 of 11 periodontitis

many dental associations recognize the importance of continued research on oral fluids diagnostics and welcome the development [of] rapid point - of [-] care tests providing accurate measurements of clinically validated biomarkers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
1 many 3 associations
2 dental 3 associations
3 associations 14 and
4 recognize 6 importance
4 recognize 10 on
4 recognize 14 and
5 the 6 importance
6 importance 7 of
7 of 9 research
8 continued 9 research
10 on 13 diagnostics
11 oral 12 fluids
12 fluids 13 diagnostics
14 and 15 welcome
15 welcome 20 point
16 the 20 point
17 development 20 point
19 rapid 20 point
20 point 22 of
21 - 22 of
22 of 25 tests
22 of 33 .
24 care 25 tests
25 tests 26 providing
25 tests 29 of
26 providing 28 measurements
27 accurate 28 measurements
29 of 32 biomarkers
30 clinically 31 validated
31 validated 32 biomarkers

at present , well - studied molecules associated with host response factors and with derived tissue destruction mediators have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis detected in the oral fluids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 mediators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 at 7 molecules
1 at 18 mediators
2 present 4 well
2 present 7 molecules
3 , 4 well
4 well 5 -
6 studied 7 molecules
7 molecules 8 associated
8 associated 13 and
9 with 12 factors
9 with 13 and
10 host 11 response
11 response 12 factors
13 and 14 with
14 with 16 tissue
15 derived 16 tissue
17 destruction 18 mediators
18 mediators 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 24 biomarkers
21 proposed 24 biomarkers
22 as 23 diagnostic
23 diagnostic 24 biomarkers
24 biomarkers 25 for
25 for 26 periodontitis
26 periodontitis 27 detected
27 detected 28 in
28 in 31 fluids
29 the 31 fluids
30 oral 31 fluids

background : this study investigated the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture ( ea ) in inhibiting upper - extremity spasticity in chronic stroke patients , and also in mapping a unique preliminary acupoint - selection protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 investigated
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
5 investigated 8 efficacy
5 investigated 14 in
6 the 8 efficacy
7 clinical 8 efficacy
8 efficacy 9 of
8 efficacy 12 ea
9 of 10 electroacupuncture
11 ( 12 ea
12 ea 13 )
14 in 15 inhibiting
15 inhibiting 19 spasticity
16 upper 17 -
16 upper 18 extremity
18 extremity 19 spasticity
19 spasticity 25 and
20 in 23 patients
20 in 25 and
21 chronic 22 stroke
22 stroke 23 patients
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 also
25 and 27 in
27 in 28 mapping
28 mapping 35 protocol
29 a 35 protocol
30 unique 35 protocol
31 preliminary 35 protocol
32 acupoint 33 -
32 acupoint 35 protocol
34 selection 35 protocol

methods : fifteen patients were divided into two groups : patients in the control group ( n=6 ) received minimal acupuncture ( ma ) , and those in the experimental group ( n=9 ) received ea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 patients
2 : 6 divided
2 : 10 :
3 fifteen 4 patients
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 divided
6 divided 7 into
7 into 9 groups
8 two 9 groups
10 : 26 and
10 : 35 received
11 patients 12 in
11 patients 26 and
12 in 15 group
13 the 15 group
14 control 15 group
15 group 21 acupuncture
16 ( 21 acupuncture
17 n=6 18 )
17 n=6 21 acupuncture
19 received 21 acupuncture
20 minimal 21 acupuncture
21 acupuncture 23 ma
21 acupuncture 25 ,
22 ( 23 ma
23 ma 24 )
26 and 27 those
26 and 28 in
26 and 35 received
28 in 31 group
29 the 31 group
30 experimental 31 group
31 group 33 n=9
32 ( 33 n=9
33 n=9 34 )
35 received 36 ea

four acupoints , which include neiguan ( pc6 ) , shaohai ( ht3 ) , zeqian [(] [ex] - ue , a32 ) , and shounizhu ( ex - ue ) , were treated near the motor points of the muscles for elbow flexion , forearm pronation , and finger flexion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acupoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 four 2 acupoints
2 acupoints 4 which
2 acupoints 11 shaohai
2 acupoints 49 and
3 , 4 which
4 which 5 include
4 which 9 )
5 include 6 neiguan
6 neiguan 8 pc6
7 ( 8 pc6
8 pc6 9 )
10 , 11 shaohai
11 shaohai 13 ht3
11 shaohai 25 and
11 shaohai 32 ,
12 ( 13 ht3
13 ht3 14 )
15 , 25 and
16 zeqian 20 ue
16 zeqian 25 and
19 - 20 ue
20 ue 22 a32
20 ue 24 ,
21 , 22 a32
22 a32 23 )
25 and 30 ue
25 and 32 ,
26 shounizhu 28 ex
27 ( 28 ex
28 ex 29 -
28 ex 30 ue
29 - 30 ue
30 ue 31 )
33 were 34 treated
33 were 49 and
34 treated 35 near
35 near 38 points
36 the 38 points
37 motor 38 points
38 points 39 of
39 of 41 muscles
40 the 41 muscles
41 muscles 42 for
42 for 44 flexion
43 elbow 44 flexion
44 flexion 47 pronation
45 , 47 pronation
46 forearm 47 pronation
47 pronation 48 ,
48 , 49 and
49 and 50 finger
49 and 51 flexion

both groups were treated for twelve sessions , 20 minutes per session , for 6 weeks ( two sessions per week ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 both 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 4 treated
4 treated 5 for
5 for 7 sessions
6 twelve 7 sessions
7 sessions 10 minutes
7 sessions 14 for
8 , 10 minutes
9 20 10 minutes
10 minutes 11 per
10 minutes 13 ,
11 per 12 session
13 , 14 for
14 for 16 weeks
14 for 22 )
15 6 16 weeks
16 weeks 19 sessions
17 ( 19 sessions
18 two 19 sessions
19 sessions 20 per
19 sessions 22 )
20 per 21 week

the outcome measures in this study included angle of muscle reaction ( r1 ) , passive range of motion ( r2 ) , and dynamic component ( r2 - r1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 measures
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 in
3 measures 24 and
4 in 8 angle
5 this 8 angle
6 study 7 included
7 included 8 angle
8 angle 9 of
9 of 11 reaction
10 muscle 11 reaction
11 reaction 13 r1
11 reaction 17 range
12 ( 13 r1
13 r1 14 )
15 , 17 range
16 passive 17 range
17 range 18 of
17 range 21 r2
17 range 23 ,
18 of 19 motion
20 ( 21 r2
21 r2 22 )
24 and 26 component
24 and 28 r2
25 dynamic 26 component
27 ( 28 r2
28 r2 30 r1
28 r2 31 )
29 - 30 r1
30 r1 31 )

results : in the experimental group , the r2 - r1 of the elbow joint was significantly decreased at 1 ( p=0.0079 ) , 3 ( p=0.0013 [ )(, and 6 weeks ( p=0.0149 ) after treatment compared with pretreatment levels ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 group
4 the 6 group
5 experimental 6 group
7 , 9 r2
7 , 10 -
8 the 9 r2
10 - 11 r1
10 - 18 decreased
11 r1 12 of
11 r1 16 was
12 of 15 joint
13 the 15 joint
14 elbow 15 joint
16 was 17 significantly
16 was 18 decreased
18 decreased 19 at
18 decreased 36 after
19 at 20 1
20 1 22 p=0.0079
20 1 25 3
21 ( 22 p=0.0079
22 p=0.0079 23 )
24 , 25 3
25 3 30 and
25 3 35 )
26 ( 30 and
27 p=0.0013 30 and
29 )(, 30 and
30 and 32 weeks
30 and 34 p=0.0149
30 and 35 )
31 6 32 weeks
33 ( 34 p=0.0149
34 p=0.0149 35 )
36 after 37 treatment
36 after 38 compared
37 treatment 38 compared
38 compared 39 with
39 with 41 levels
40 pretreatment 41 levels
41 levels 43 p<0.05
42 ( 43 p<0.05
43 p<0.05 44 )

the [between] [-] group difference in the r2 - r1 of the elbow joint after the 6 - week treatment was statistically significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 5 difference
4 group 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
5 difference 21 was
6 in 20 treatment
7 the 20 treatment
8 r2 10 r1
8 r2 20 treatment
9 - 10 r1
10 r1 11 of
10 r1 18 -
11 of 13 elbow
12 the 13 elbow
13 elbow 14 joint
14 joint 15 after
15 after 17 6
16 the 17 6
19 week 20 treatment
21 was 22 statistically
21 was 23 significant

conclusion : combining the 6 - week ea and standard rehabilitation treatment reduced the spasticity of the elbow for chronic stroke survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 and
2 : 13 reduced
2 : 23 .
3 combining 5 6
3 combining 6 -
3 combining 9 and
4 the 5 6
7 week 8 ea
8 ea 9 and
9 and 12 treatment
9 and 13 reduced
10 standard 11 rehabilitation
11 rehabilitation 12 treatment
13 reduced 15 spasticity
14 the 15 spasticity
15 spasticity 16 of
16 of 18 elbow
17 the 18 elbow
18 elbow 19 for
19 for 22 survivors
20 chronic 21 stroke
21 stroke 22 survivors

however , no significant effect was observed in the spasticity of the wrist joints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 effect
3 no 5 effect
4 significant 5 effect
5 effect 6 was
6 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
8 in 10 spasticity
9 the 10 spasticity
10 spasticity 11 of
11 of 14 joints
12 the 14 joints
13 wrist 14 joints

the choice of acupoints and the frequency of ea have to be taken into account to achieve a positive treatment effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 choice
2 choice 3 of
2 choice 5 and
3 of 4 acupoints
5 and 7 frequency
5 and 8 of
5 and 10 have
6 the 7 frequency
8 of 9 ea
10 have 11 to
10 have 13 taken
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 taken
13 taken 15 account
13 taken 16 to
14 into 15 account
16 to 17 achieve
17 achieve 21 effect
18 a 19 positive
18 a 21 effect
19 positive 20 treatment
20 treatment 21 effect

the correlation between acupoints and motor points provides a model of acupoint selection to improve spasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 between
2 correlation 8 provides
3 between 5 and
4 acupoints 5 and
5 and 7 points
6 motor 7 points
8 provides 10 model
8 provides 14 to
9 a 10 model
10 model 11 of
11 of 13 selection
12 acupoint 13 selection
14 to 15 improve
15 improve 16 spasticity

purpose : to describe 1 - year clinical results of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to exudative age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) and to evaluate whether early treatment is a predictive value [for] prognosis of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 5 1
5 1 9 results
6 - 9 results
7 year 9 results
8 clinical 9 results
9 results 10 of
9 results 14 in
9 results 23 -
10 of 13 treatment
11 intravitreal 13 treatment
12 ranibizumab 13 treatment
14 in 15 patients
15 patients 16 with
15 patients 19 secondary
16 with 18 neovascularization
17 choroidal 18 neovascularization
19 secondary 20 to
20 to 22 age
21 exudative 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 26 degeneration
24 related 29 )
25 macular 26 degeneration
26 degeneration 28 amd
27 ( 28 amd
28 amd 29 )
30 and 31 to
30 and 36 is
31 to 32 evaluate
31 to 36 is
32 evaluate 33 whether
32 evaluate 35 treatment
33 whether 34 early
36 is 41 prognosis
37 a 38 predictive
37 a 41 prognosis
38 predictive 39 value
39 value 41 prognosis
41 prognosis 42 of
42 of 44 disease
43 the 44 disease

materials and methods : clinical records were retrospectively reviewed of 104 eyes that underwent intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for exudative amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 records
4 : 9 reviewed
5 clinical 6 records
6 records 7 were
7 were 8 retrospectively
7 were 9 reviewed
9 reviewed 10 of
9 reviewed 18 for
10 of 12 eyes
11 104 12 eyes
12 eyes 13 that
12 eyes 14 underwent
13 that 14 underwent
14 underwent 17 therapy
15 intravitreal 17 therapy
16 ranibizumab 17 therapy
18 for 20 amd
19 exudative 20 amd

patients were divided into two groups according to their symptom duration : group 1 , < 1 month [;] and group 2 , 1 - 3 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
3 divided 8 to
4 into 6 groups
5 two 6 groups
7 according 8 to
8 to 11 duration
9 their 11 duration
10 symptom 11 duration
12 : 13 group
13 group 14 1
14 1 20 and
14 1 27 months
15 , 20 and
16 < 17 1
17 1 18 month
18 month 20 and
20 and 21 group
20 and 23 ,
21 group 22 2
23 , 27 months
24 1 25 -
25 - 26 3
25 - 27 months
27 months 28 .

after three monthly injections , patients were examined monthly , and subsequent injections were performed as needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 after 4 injections
1 after 5 ,
1 after 6 patients
2 three 4 injections
3 monthly 4 injections
6 patients 7 were
7 were 8 examined
8 examined 9 monthly
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 injections
11 and 17 needed
12 subsequent 13 injections
13 injections 14 were
14 were 15 performed
15 performed 16 as
16 as 17 needed

results : there were 43 female ( 48.9 % ) [and] 45 males ( 51.1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
2 : 18 .
3 there 4 were
4 were 13 males
5 43 13 males
6 female 9 %
6 female 13 males
7 ( 9 %
8 48.9 9 %
9 % 10 )
12 45 13 males
13 males 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 51.1 16 %
16 % 17 )

[the] follow - up time was 13.7±1.9 ( 12 - 19 ) months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
3 - 5 time
3 - 6 was
3 - 14 .
4 up 5 time
5 time 6 was
6 was 13 months
7 13.7±1.9 10 -
7 13.7±1.9 13 months
8 ( 10 -
9 12 10 -
10 - 11 19
10 - 12 )

the mean logarithm of minimum angle [of] resolution best [-] corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) improved significantly , from 0.45±0.639 at baseline to 0.08±0.267 at 12 months in group 1 , and from 1.06±0.687 at baseline to 0.75±0.563 at 12 months in group 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 logarithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 improved
1 the 3 logarithm
2 mean 3 logarithm
3 logarithm 4 of
3 logarithm 17 improved
4 of 13 acuity
5 minimum 6 angle
6 angle 13 acuity
8 resolution 13 acuity
9 best 11 corrected
11 corrected 13 acuity
12 visual 13 acuity
13 acuity 15 bcva
14 ( 15 bcva
15 bcva 16 )
17 improved 18 significantly
17 improved 20 from
19 , 20 from
20 from 21 0.45±0.639
20 from 46 .
21 0.45±0.639 22 at
21 0.45±0.639 24 to
21 0.45±0.639 25 0.08±0.267
22 at 23 baseline
24 to 25 0.08±0.267
25 0.08±0.267 26 at
25 0.08±0.267 36 at
26 at 28 months
27 12 28 months
28 months 33 and
29 in 30 group
29 in 33 and
30 group 31 1
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 from
34 from 35 1.06±0.687
36 at 37 baseline
37 baseline 38 to
37 baseline 40 at
38 to 39 0.75±0.563
40 at 42 months
41 12 42 months
42 months 43 in
43 in 44 group
44 group 45 2

the increase in bcva was statistically significant in group 1 ( p=0.009 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 5 was
3 in 4 bcva
5 was 7 significant
6 statistically 7 significant
7 significant 8 in
8 in 9 group
9 group 10 1
9 group 12 p=0.009
11 ( 12 p=0.009
12 p=0.009 13 )

the mean central retinal thickness ( crt ) decreased significantly , from 355.13±119.93 [μm] at baseline to 250.85±45.48 [μm] at 12 months in group 1 , and from 371.88±91.047 [μm] at baseline to 268.61±53.51 [μm] at 12 months in group 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decreased
1 the 5 thickness
2 mean 5 thickness
3 central 5 thickness
4 retinal 5 thickness
5 thickness 7 crt
5 thickness 9 decreased
6 ( 7 crt
7 crt 8 )
9 decreased 10 significantly
9 decreased 12 from
11 , 12 from
12 from 13 355.13±119.93
12 from 42 .
13 355.13±119.93 15 at
15 at 16 baseline
16 baseline 17 to
16 baseline 20 at
16 baseline 27 and
17 to 18 250.85±45.48
20 at 22 months
21 12 22 months
23 in 24 group
23 in 27 and
24 group 25 1
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 from
28 from 29 371.88±91.047
29 371.88±91.047 31 at
29 371.88±91.047 33 to
31 at 32 baseline
33 to 34 268.61±53.51
34 268.61±53.51 36 at
34 268.61±53.51 39 in
36 at 38 months
37 12 38 months
39 in 40 group
40 group 41 2

the decrease in crt was statistically significant in group 1 ( p=0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 in
2 decrease 5 was
3 in 4 crt
5 was 7 significant
6 statistically 7 significant
7 significant 8 in
8 in 9 group
9 group 10 1
9 group 12 p=0.001
11 ( 12 p=0.001
12 p=0.001 13 )

conclusion : intravitreal ranibizumab therapy was effective in significantly increasing mean bvca and reducing crt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 5 therapy
2 : 6 was
3 intravitreal 5 therapy
4 ranibizumab 5 therapy
5 therapy 6 was
6 was 7 effective
7 effective 8 in
8 in 13 and
9 significantly 10 increasing
10 increasing 11 mean
11 mean 12 bvca
12 bvca 13 and
13 and 15 crt
14 reducing 15 crt

shorter duration of amd , as measured by the subjective duration of visual symptoms , is associated with better visual outcome [after] treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 shorter 2 duration
2 duration 3 of
2 duration 16 is
3 of 4 amd
4 amd 7 measured
5 , 7 measured
6 as 7 measured
7 measured 8 by
7 measured 15 ,
8 by 11 duration
9 the 11 duration
10 subjective 11 duration
11 duration 12 of
12 of 14 symptoms
13 visual 14 symptoms
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 23 treatment
19 better 21 outcome
20 visual 21 outcome
21 outcome 23 treatment

this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative exercise program on muscle strength , balance , and gait kinematics in elderly [community] - dwellers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 13 on
3 aimed 22 in
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 effectiveness
6 the 7 effectiveness
7 effectiveness 8 of
8 of 12 program
9 an 12 program
10 innovative 11 exercise
11 exercise 12 program
13 on 19 and
14 muscle 15 strength
15 strength 16 ,
16 , 17 balance
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 kinematics
20 gait 21 kinematics
22 in 26 dwellers
23 elderly 25 -
23 elderly 26 dwellers

the exercise program included strength and balance training and [the] 8 - form tai chi chuan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 5 strength
2 exercise 3 program
3 program 4 included
4 included 5 strength
5 strength 6 and
6 and 8 training
7 balance 8 training
9 and 11 8
9 and 12 -
11 8 12 -
12 - 13 form
13 form 16 chuan
14 tai 15 chi
15 chi 16 chuan

the measurements were carried out at baseline and 12 weeks , and consisted of four physical performance tests , joint isokinetic strength tests , [and] three - dimensional gait analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 measurements
2 measurements 12 and
3 were 4 carried
3 were 12 and
4 carried 5 out
4 carried 6 at
6 at 8 and
7 baseline 8 and
8 and 10 weeks
9 12 10 weeks
11 , 12 and
12 and 19 ,
13 consisted 14 of
13 consisted 19 ,
14 of 18 tests
15 four 18 tests
16 physical 17 performance
17 performance 18 tests
19 , 20 joint
20 joint 23 tests
21 isokinetic 22 strength
22 strength 23 tests
23 tests 26 three
24 , 26 three
26 three 27 -
27 - 30 analysis
28 dimensional 29 gait
29 gait 30 analysis

fifty - six community - dwelling older adults aged 60 - 80 years old were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fifty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 community
2 - 5 -
2 - 24 .
3 six 4 community
5 - 6 dwelling
5 - 15 were
6 dwelling 15 were
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 aged
8 adults 15 were
9 aged 11 -
9 aged 14 old
10 60 11 -
11 - 12 80
12 80 13 years
13 years 14 old
15 were 17 assigned
16 randomly 17 assigned
17 assigned 18 to
18 to 21 or
19 an 20 intervention
20 intervention 21 or
21 or 23 group
22 control 23 group

after 12 weeks , the intervention group showed a 17.6 % improvement in the timed up [and] [go] test , accompanied by a 54.7 % increase in the 30 - second chair stand test score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
1 after 3 weeks
1 after 4 ,
1 after 7 group
2 12 3 weeks
5 the 7 group
6 intervention 7 group
7 group 8 showed
8 showed 12 improvement
8 showed 13 in
8 showed 21 accompanied
9 a 12 improvement
10 17.6 11 %
11 % 12 improvement
13 in 19 test
14 the 19 test
15 timed 19 test
16 up 19 test
20 , 21 accompanied
21 accompanied 22 by
21 accompanied 27 in
21 accompanied 30 -
22 by 26 increase
23 a 26 increase
24 54.7 25 %
25 % 26 increase
27 in 29 30
28 the 29 30
30 - 35 score
30 - 36 .
31 second 35 score
32 chair 34 test
33 stand 34 test
34 test 35 score

significant increases in the score of star excursion balance tests , and the strength of the extensor and flexor muscles at knee [and] ankle joints were also observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 significant 2 increases
2 increases 3 in
3 in 10 tests
4 the 5 score
5 score 6 of
5 score 10 tests
6 of 10 tests
7 star 9 balance
8 excursion 9 balance
9 balance 10 tests
11 , 12 and
12 and 18 and
12 and 28 observed
13 the 14 strength
14 strength 15 of
14 strength 18 and
15 of 17 extensor
16 the 17 extensor
18 and 20 muscles
18 and 21 at
18 and 26 were
19 flexor 20 muscles
21 at 25 joints
22 knee 25 joints
24 ankle 25 joints
26 were 28 observed
27 also 28 observed

in addition , the intervention group walked at a faster speed with a longer step length , shorter support phase , and a greater sagittal plane range of motion at the hip and ankle joints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 walked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 group
4 the 6 group
5 intervention 6 group
6 group 7 walked
7 walked 8 at
7 walked 30 at
8 at 22 and
9 a 11 speed
10 faster 11 speed
11 speed 12 with
11 speed 17 ,
12 with 16 length
13 a 16 length
14 longer 15 step
15 step 16 length
17 , 20 phase
17 , 22 and
18 shorter 19 support
19 support 20 phase
21 , 22 and
22 and 27 range
22 and 28 of
23 a 27 range
24 greater 26 plane
25 sagittal 26 plane
26 plane 27 range
28 of 29 motion
30 at 33 and
31 the 32 hip
32 hip 33 and
33 and 35 joints
34 ankle 35 joints

no statistical improvements were seen in the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 no 3 improvements
2 statistical 3 improvements
3 improvements 4 were
4 were 5 seen
5 seen 6 in
6 in 9 group
7 the 9 group
8 control 9 group

this study provided an effective , evidence - based [falls] prevention program that can be implemented in community settings to improve physical fitness and reduce fall risks among community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provided
3 provided 12 program
4 an 5 effective
4 an 12 program
5 effective 7 evidence
5 effective 11 prevention
6 , 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 -
9 based 11 prevention
11 prevention 12 program
12 program 13 that
12 program 25 reduce
13 that 14 can
14 can 24 and
15 be 16 implemented
15 be 24 and
16 implemented 17 in
16 implemented 20 to
17 in 19 settings
18 community 19 settings
20 to 21 improve
21 improve 23 fitness
22 physical 23 fitness
24 and 25 reduce
25 reduce 27 risks
26 fall 27 risks
27 risks 28 among
28 among 33 adults
29 community 31 dwelling
31 dwelling 33 adults
32 older 33 adults

the star excursion balance test could be a sensitive measure of physical performance for fall risk assessment in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 5 test
2 star 5 test
3 excursion 5 test
4 balance 5 test
5 test 6 could
6 could 7 be
7 be 13 performance
8 a 9 sensitive
8 a 10 measure
9 sensitive 10 measure
10 measure 11 of
10 measure 13 performance
11 of 13 performance
12 physical 13 performance
13 performance 14 for
14 for 17 assessment
15 fall 17 assessment
16 risk 17 assessment
17 assessment 18 in
18 in 20 people
19 older 20 people

objective : the interaction between dementia and nutritional state is very complex and [not] yet fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 interaction
2 : 13 and
2 : 18 .
3 the 4 interaction
4 interaction 5 between
4 interaction 13 and
5 between 7 and
6 dementia 7 and
7 and 9 state
8 nutritional 9 state
10 is 12 complex
10 is 13 and
11 very 12 complex
13 and 17 understood
15 yet 17 understood
16 fully 17 understood

the aim of the present study was to assess the interaction between cognitive impairment and nutritional state in a cohort of residential elderly in relationship [with] functional condition of patients and their load of assistance in long - term [-] care facilities of the national association of third age structures ( anaste ) calabria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 15 and
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
5 present 6 study
5 present 9 assess
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 assess
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 11 interaction
9 assess 12 between
10 the 11 interaction
12 between 14 impairment
13 cognitive 14 impairment
15 and 17 state
15 and 18 in
16 nutritional 17 state
18 in 20 cohort
19 a 20 cohort
20 cohort 21 of
20 cohort 34 of
21 of 31 and
22 residential 23 elderly
22 residential 31 and
23 elderly 24 in
24 in 28 condition
25 relationship 28 condition
27 functional 28 condition
28 condition 29 of
29 of 30 patients
31 and 33 load
32 their 33 load
34 of 35 assistance
35 assistance 36 in
35 assistance 43 of
36 in 42 facilities
37 long 38 -
37 long 42 facilities
39 term 41 care
41 care 42 facilities
43 of 46 association
44 the 46 association
45 national 46 association
46 association 47 of
47 of 54 calabria
48 third 49 age
49 age 50 structures
50 structures 52 anaste
51 ( 52 anaste
52 anaste 53 )
52 anaste 54 calabria

methods : one hundred seventy - four subjects ( 122 female and 52 male ) were admitted to the long - term - care anaste calabria study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 seventy
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 seventy
5 seventy 8 subjects
6 - 8 subjects
7 four 8 subjects
8 subjects 10 122
8 subjects 28 .
9 ( 10 122
10 122 12 and
10 122 16 were
10 122 17 admitted
10 122 28 .
11 female 12 and
12 and 14 male
12 and 15 )
12 and 16 were
13 52 14 male
17 admitted 18 to
18 to 22 term
19 the 22 term
20 long 21 -
20 long 22 term
22 term 27 study
23 - 27 study
24 care 27 study
25 anaste 26 calabria
26 calabria 27 study
27 study 28 .

all patients underwent multidimensional geriatric assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 underwent
3 underwent 6 assessment
4 multidimensional 6 assessment
5 geriatric 6 assessment

nutritional [state] was assessed with the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) , whereas cognitive performance was evaluated by the mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nutritional
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 nutritional 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 with
4 assessed 14 whereas
5 with 11 mna
6 the 11 mna
7 mini 8 nutritional
8 nutritional 9 assessment
9 assessment 11 mna
10 ( 11 mna
11 mna 12 )
13 , 14 whereas
14 whereas 16 performance
14 whereas 18 evaluated
14 whereas 28 )
15 cognitive 16 performance
16 performance 17 was
17 was 18 evaluated
18 evaluated 19 by
19 by 21 mini
20 the 21 mini
21 mini 25 examination
22 - 25 examination
23 mental 24 state
24 state 25 examination
25 examination 27 mmse
25 examination 28 )
26 ( 27 mmse
27 mmse 28 )

the functional state was assessed by barthel index ( bi ) and activity daily living ( adl ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 state
2 functional 3 state
3 state 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 by
6 by 12 and
7 barthel 8 index
8 index 10 bi
9 ( 10 bi
10 bi 11 )
10 bi 12 and
12 and 17 adl
13 activity 14 daily
14 daily 15 living
15 living 17 adl
16 ( 17 adl
17 adl 18 )

the following nutritional biochemical parameters were also evaluated : albumin , cholesterol , iron , and hemoglobin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 following
1 the 5 parameters
3 nutritional 5 parameters
4 biochemical 5 parameters
5 parameters 6 were
6 were 7 also
6 were 8 evaluated
9 : 16 and
10 albumin 11 ,
11 , 12 cholesterol
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 iron
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 hemoglobin

all patients were reassessed 180 days later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reassessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 reassessed
4 reassessed 7 later
5 180 6 days
6 days 7 later

results : [a] severe cognitive impairment in mmse performance was displayed in 49.7 % patients , while 39.8 % showed a moderate deficit ; 6.9 % had a slight deficit ; and 3.4 % evidenced no cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 impairment
4 severe 6 impairment
5 cognitive 6 impairment
6 impairment 7 in
6 impairment 11 displayed
7 in 8 mmse
8 mmse 9 performance
8 mmse 10 was
9 performance 10 was
11 displayed 12 in
11 displayed 17 while
12 in 15 patients
13 49.7 15 patients
14 % 15 patients
16 , 17 while
17 while 19 %
17 while 20 showed
17 while 24 ;
18 39.8 19 %
19 % 20 showed
20 showed 23 deficit
21 a 22 moderate
21 a 23 deficit
22 moderate 23 deficit
24 ; 26 %
24 ; 27 had
24 ; 31 ;
25 6.9 26 %
26 % 27 had
27 had 30 deficit
28 a 30 deficit
29 slight 30 deficit
31 ; 32 and
32 and 34 %
32 and 35 evidenced
33 3.4 34 %
34 % 35 evidenced
35 evidenced 38 impairment
36 no 38 impairment
37 cognitive 38 impairment

in mna , 30 % of patients exhibited an impairment [of] nutritional state ; 56 % were at risk of malnutrition ; and 14 % showed no nutritional problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 mna
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 %
4 30 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 8 exhibited
6 of 7 patients
8 exhibited 13 state
9 an 10 impairment
9 an 13 state
10 impairment 13 state
12 nutritional 13 state
14 ; 16 %
14 ; 17 were
14 ; 22 ;
15 56 16 %
16 % 17 were
17 were 18 at
18 at 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 malnutrition
22 ; 23 and
23 and 25 %
23 and 26 showed
24 14 25 %
25 % 26 showed
26 showed 29 problems
27 no 29 problems
28 nutritional 29 problems

malnutrition was present in 42 % of patients with severe cognitive impairment , but only 4 % [of] malnourished patients [showed] moderate cognitive deficit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 malnutrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 malnutrition 2 was
2 was 14 but
3 present 4 in
3 present 14 but
4 in 6 %
5 42 6 %
6 % 7 of
7 of 8 patients
8 patients 9 with
9 with 12 impairment
10 severe 12 impairment
11 cognitive 12 impairment
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 only
14 but 24 deficit
16 4 17 %
17 % 24 deficit
19 malnourished 20 patients
20 patients 24 deficit
22 moderate 24 deficit
23 cognitive 24 deficit

the statistical analysis displayed a significant correlation between mna and mmse ( p<0.001 ) , as did mmse correlated with activity daily living ( p<0.001 ) and bi ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 analysis
2 statistical 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 displayed
4 displayed 7 correlation
4 displayed 8 between
4 displayed 16 as
5 a 7 correlation
6 significant 7 correlation
8 between 10 and
9 mna 10 and
10 and 11 mmse
10 and 15 ,
11 mmse 13 p<0.001
12 ( 13 p<0.001
13 p<0.001 14 )
16 as 17 did
17 did 27 and
18 mmse 19 correlated
18 mmse 20 with
18 mmse 27 and
20 with 23 living
21 activity 22 daily
22 daily 23 living
23 living 25 p<0.001
24 ( 25 p<0.001
25 p<0.001 26 )
27 and 28 bi
28 bi 30 p<0.05
29 ( 30 p<0.05
30 p<0.05 31 )

mna correlated with bi ( p<0.001 ) and albumin ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 mna 2 correlated
2 correlated 3 with
3 with 8 and
4 bi 6 p<0.001
4 bi 8 and
5 ( 6 p<0.001
6 p<0.001 7 )
8 and 9 albumin
8 and 11 p<0.001
10 ( 11 p<0.001
11 p<0.001 12 )

[the] follow - up [showed] a strong correlation between cognitive deterioration and worsening [of] nutritional state ( p<0.005 ) as well as with the functional state ( p<0.05 ) and mortality ( p<0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 follow 4 up
2 follow 20 as
3 - 4 up
4 up 8 correlation
4 up 19 )
6 a 7 strong
6 a 8 correlation
7 strong 8 correlation
8 correlation 9 between
8 correlation 18 p<0.005
9 between 12 and
10 cognitive 11 deterioration
11 deterioration 12 and
12 and 16 state
13 worsening 16 state
15 nutritional 16 state
17 ( 18 p<0.005
18 p<0.005 19 )
20 as 30 and
21 well 22 as
21 well 30 and
22 as 23 with
23 with 26 state
24 the 26 state
25 functional 26 state
26 state 28 p<0.05
27 ( 28 p<0.05
28 p<0.05 29 )
30 and 31 mortality
30 and 33 p<0.01
32 ( 33 p<0.01
33 p<0.01 34 )

conclusion : the present study clearly shows that malnutrition may play an important role in the progression of cognitive loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 7 shows
2 : 21 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 7 shows
6 clearly 7 shows
7 shows 8 that
8 that 9 malnutrition
8 that 11 play
9 malnutrition 10 may
10 may 11 play
11 play 14 role
11 play 15 in
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 role
13 important 14 role
15 in 17 progression
16 the 17 progression
17 progression 18 of
18 of 20 loss
19 cognitive 20 loss

background : more hiv - infected women are reaching older age and menopause , but there is limited information on cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions ( sils ) on these women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 hiv
2 : 5 -
3 more 4 hiv
5 - 7 women
5 - 8 are
5 - 14 ,
5 - 31 .
6 infected 7 women
7 women 8 are
8 are 9 reaching
9 reaching 12 and
10 older 11 age
11 age 12 and
12 and 13 menopause
14 , 15 but
14 , 17 is
15 but 16 there
15 but 17 is
17 is 19 information
18 limited 19 information
19 information 20 on
19 information 28 on
20 on 24 lesions
21 cervical 24 lesions
22 squamous 24 lesions
23 intraepithelial 24 lesions
24 lesions 26 sils
25 ( 26 sils
26 sils 27 )
28 on 30 women
29 these 30 women

methods : to assess the effect of haart and menopause on sils in hiv - infected women , we reviewed the results of papanicolaou ( pap ) tests obtained between 1991 and 2011 on 245 women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 effect
4 assess 11 on
4 assess 13 in
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 haart 9 and
9 and 10 menopause
11 on 12 sils
13 in 14 hiv
14 hiv 17 women
15 - 17 women
16 infected 17 women
17 women 18 ,
18 , 19 we
18 , 20 reviewed
19 we 20 reviewed
20 reviewed 22 results
21 the 22 results
22 results 23 of
22 results 28 tests
22 results 29 obtained
23 of 24 papanicolaou
24 papanicolaou 26 pap
25 ( 26 pap
26 pap 27 )
28 tests 29 obtained
29 obtained 30 between
29 obtained 34 on
30 between 32 and
31 1991 32 and
32 and 33 2011
34 on 36 women
35 245 36 women

progression to sils was determined by comparing pap test results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 progression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 progression 2 to
1 progression 4 was
2 to 3 sils
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 by
6 by 7 comparing
7 comparing 10 results
8 pap 10 results
9 test 10 results

the association of haart and transition [to] menopause on sils was assessed using survival analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 11 was
3 of 5 and
4 haart 5 and
5 and 8 menopause
5 and 9 on
6 transition 8 menopause
9 on 10 sils
11 was 12 assessed
12 assessed 13 using
13 using 15 analysis
14 survival 15 analysis

results : women receiving haart had a 52 % reduced risk in the progression to sils compared to women receiving any other antiretroviral regimen or no regimen ( ci : 0.33 - 0.70 , p = 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 3 women
2 : 6 had
2 : 30 :
3 women 4 receiving
3 women 6 had
4 receiving 5 haart
6 had 11 risk
7 a 11 risk
8 52 9 %
9 % 10 reduced
10 reduced 11 risk
11 risk 12 in
11 risk 15 to
12 in 14 progression
13 the 14 progression
15 to 25 or
16 sils 17 compared
16 sils 20 receiving
16 sils 25 or
17 compared 18 to
18 to 19 women
20 receiving 24 regimen
21 any 22 other
22 other 24 regimen
23 antiretroviral 24 regimen
25 or 27 regimen
25 or 29 ci
26 no 27 regimen
28 ( 29 ci
29 ci 30 :
30 : 31 0.33
31 0.33 33 0.70
32 - 33 0.70
33 0.70 36 =
33 0.70 38 )
34 , 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.0001
36 = 38 )

a greater increase of cd4 [(] [+] [ )(cell counts was associated with a greater reduction on the risk of progression to sils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 3 increase
2 greater 3 increase
3 increase 4 of
3 increase 11 was
4 of 10 counts
5 cd4 10 counts
9 )(cell 10 counts
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 17 on
12 associated 22 to
13 with 16 reduction
14 a 16 reduction
15 greater 16 reduction
17 on 19 risk
18 the 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 progression
22 to 23 sils

menopausal women had a 70 % higher risk of progression to sils than premenopausal women [(] ci : 1.11 - 2.62 , p < 0.0001 ) , adjusting for hiv medications , cd4 [(] [+] ) count , duration of hiv infection , moderation effect [of] menopause by age , prior iv drug use , and smoking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
1 menopausal 2 women
2 women 3 had
3 had 8 risk
3 had 11 to
3 had 13 than
4 a 8 risk
5 70 6 %
6 % 8 risk
7 higher 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 10 progression
11 to 12 sils
13 than 17 ci
13 than 18 :
14 premenopausal 15 women
15 women 17 ci
17 ci 18 :
18 : 24 <
18 : 28 adjusting
19 1.11 20 -
20 - 21 2.62
20 - 24 <
22 , 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.0001
24 < 26 )
27 , 28 adjusting
28 adjusting 29 for
28 adjusting 37 count
29 for 31 medications
30 hiv 31 medications
31 medications 33 cd4
32 , 33 cd4
33 cd4 36 )
37 count 39 duration
37 count 47 menopause
38 , 39 duration
39 duration 40 of
39 duration 43 ,
40 of 42 infection
41 hiv 42 infection
43 , 47 menopause
44 moderation 45 effect
45 effect 47 menopause
47 menopause 48 by
47 menopause 58 .
48 by 56 and
49 age 50 ,
50 , 54 use
50 , 56 and
51 prior 53 drug
52 iv 53 drug
53 drug 54 use
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 smoking

conclusion : haart had a positive long - term effect on the progression to sils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 haart
2 : 4 had
2 : 16 .
3 haart 4 had
4 had 10 effect
4 had 11 on
4 had 14 to
5 a 6 positive
5 a 10 effect
6 positive 9 term
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 term
9 term 10 effect
11 on 13 progression
12 the 13 progression
14 to 15 sils

however , being younger [and] [menopausal] increases the risk of progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 being
3 being 4 younger
3 being 7 increases
7 increases 9 risk
8 the 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 11 progression

community - acquired pneumonia ( cap ) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the infectious diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 community 4 pneumonia
1 community 8 remains
2 - 4 pneumonia
3 acquired 4 pneumonia
4 pneumonia 6 cap
4 pneumonia 7 )
5 ( 6 cap
6 cap 7 )
8 remains 11 cause
8 remains 16 among
9 a 11 cause
10 leading 11 cause
11 cause 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 morbidity 14 and
14 and 15 mortality
16 among 19 diseases
17 the 19 diseases
18 infectious 19 diseases

despite the implementation of national pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine - based immunisation strategies targeted at high - risk groups , streptococcus pneumoniae ( the pneumococcus ) remains the most common cause of cap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 targeted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 despite 3 implementation
1 despite 9 -
1 despite 12 strategies
2 the 3 implementation
3 implementation 4 of
4 of 8 vaccine
5 national 8 vaccine
6 pneumococcal 8 vaccine
7 polyvalent 8 vaccine
10 based 11 immunisation
11 immunisation 12 strategies
12 strategies 13 targeted
13 targeted 14 at
13 targeted 18 groups
14 at 17 risk
15 high 16 -
15 high 17 risk
19 , 21 pneumoniae
19 , 26 remains
20 streptococcus 21 pneumoniae
21 pneumoniae 24 pneumococcus
21 pneumoniae 26 remains
22 ( 24 pneumococcus
23 the 24 pneumococcus
24 pneumococcus 25 )
26 remains 28 most
26 remains 29 common
27 the 28 most
29 common 30 cause
30 cause 31 of
31 of 32 cap

notwithstanding the hiv pandemic , major challenges confronting the control of cap include the range of bacterial and viral pathogens causing this condition , the ever [-] increasing problem of antibiotic resistance worldwide , and increased vulnerability associated with steadily aging populations in developed countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 challenges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 include
1 notwithstanding 3 hiv
1 notwithstanding 7 challenges
2 the 3 hiv
4 pandemic 5 ,
4 pandemic 6 major
6 major 7 challenges
7 challenges 8 confronting
7 challenges 13 include
8 confronting 10 control
9 the 10 control
10 control 11 of
11 of 12 cap
13 include 15 range
14 the 15 range
15 range 16 of
15 range 29 problem
16 of 18 and
17 bacterial 18 and
18 and 20 pathogens
19 viral 20 pathogens
20 pathogens 21 causing
21 causing 23 condition
22 this 23 condition
24 , 29 problem
25 the 29 problem
26 ever 28 increasing
28 increasing 29 problem
29 problem 30 of
29 problem 41 aging
29 problem 46 .
30 of 32 resistance
31 antibiotic 32 resistance
32 resistance 35 and
32 resistance 39 with
33 worldwide 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 vulnerability
35 and 38 associated
36 increased 37 vulnerability
38 associated 39 with
40 steadily 41 aging
41 aging 42 populations
42 populations 43 in
43 in 45 countries
44 developed 45 countries

these and other risk factors , as well as diagnostic strategies , are covered in the first section of this review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 covered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 and
2 and 5 factors
2 and 9 as
2 and 13 are
3 other 5 factors
4 risk 5 factors
6 , 9 as
7 as 8 well
8 well 9 as
9 as 11 strategies
9 as 12 ,
10 diagnostic 11 strategies
13 are 14 covered
14 covered 15 in
15 in 18 section
16 the 18 section
17 first 18 section
18 section 19 of
19 of 21 review
20 this 21 review

thereafter , the review is focused on the pneumococcus , specifically the major virulence factors of this microbial pathogen and their role in triggering overexuberant inflammatory responses which contribute to the immunopathogenesis of invasive disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focused
1 thereafter 2 ,
1 thereafter 4 review
3 the 4 review
4 review 5 is
5 is 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
7 on 9 pneumococcus
8 the 9 pneumococcus
9 pneumococcus 15 factors
10 , 11 specifically
10 , 15 factors
12 the 15 factors
13 major 15 factors
14 virulence 15 factors
15 factors 16 of
15 factors 23 in
15 factors 28 which
15 factors 29 contribute
15 factors 36 .
16 of 20 and
17 this 19 pathogen
18 microbial 19 pathogen
19 pathogen 20 and
20 and 22 role
21 their 22 role
23 in 24 triggering
24 triggering 27 responses
25 overexuberant 27 responses
26 inflammatory 27 responses
28 which 29 contribute
29 contribute 30 to
30 to 32 immunopathogenesis
31 the 32 immunopathogenesis
32 immunopathogenesis 33 of
33 of 35 disease
34 invasive 35 disease

the final section of the review is devoted to a consideration of pharmacological , anti - inflammatory strategies with adjunctive potential in the antimicrobial chemotherapy of cap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 section
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 devoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 section
2 final 3 section
3 section 4 of
3 section 7 is
4 of 6 review
5 the 6 review
7 is 8 devoted
8 devoted 9 to
8 devoted 19 with
8 devoted 22 in
9 to 11 consideration
10 a 11 consideration
11 consideration 12 of
12 of 18 strategies
13 pharmacological 14 ,
13 pharmacological 18 strategies
15 anti 16 -
15 anti 18 strategies
17 inflammatory 18 strategies
19 with 21 potential
20 adjunctive 21 potential
22 in 25 chemotherapy
23 the 25 chemotherapy
24 antimicrobial 25 chemotherapy
25 chemotherapy 26 of
26 of 27 cap

this is focused on macrolides , corticosteroids , and statins with respect to their modes of anti - inflammatory action , current status , and limitations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 9 and
3 focused 4 on
3 focused 9 and
4 on 5 macrolides
5 macrolides 7 corticosteroids
6 , 7 corticosteroids
7 corticosteroids 8 ,
9 and 10 statins
9 and 11 with
9 and 13 to
11 with 12 respect
13 to 25 and
14 their 15 modes
15 modes 16 of
15 modes 25 and
16 of 20 action
17 anti 18 -
17 anti 20 action
19 inflammatory 20 action
20 action 23 status
21 , 23 status
22 current 23 status
23 status 24 ,
25 and 26 limitations

in the domain of working memory ( wm ) , a sigmoid - shaped relationship between wm [load] and brain activation patterns has been demonstrated in younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 domain
1 in 10 ,
1 in 15 relationship
2 the 3 domain
3 domain 4 of
4 of 5 working
5 working 6 memory
6 memory 8 wm
7 ( 8 wm
8 wm 9 )
11 a 15 relationship
12 sigmoid 13 -
12 sigmoid 15 relationship
14 shaped 15 relationship
15 relationship 16 between
15 relationship 23 has
16 between 19 and
17 wm 19 and
19 and 22 patterns
20 brain 22 patterns
21 activation 22 patterns
23 has 24 been
24 been 25 demonstrated
25 demonstrated 26 in
26 in 28 adults
27 younger 28 adults

it has been suggested that age - related alterations of this pattern [are] associated with changes in neural efficiency and capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 6 age
5 that 14 associated
6 age 14 associated
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 alterations
8 related 14 associated
9 alterations 10 of
10 of 12 pattern
11 this 12 pattern
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 changes
16 changes 17 in
17 in 20 and
18 neural 19 efficiency
19 efficiency 20 and
20 and 21 capacity

at the same time , wm training studies have shown that some older adults are able to increase their wm performance through training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 8 studies
2 the 3 same
2 the 4 time
6 wm 7 training
7 training 8 studies
8 studies 9 have
9 have 10 shown
10 shown 11 that
11 that 14 adults
11 that 15 are
12 some 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
14 adults 15 are
15 are 16 able
16 able 17 to
17 to 18 increase
18 increase 21 performance
18 increase 22 through
19 their 21 performance
20 wm 21 performance
22 through 23 training

in this study , functional magnetic resonance imaging during an [n] [-] back wm task at different wm load levels was applied to compare blood oxygen level - dependent ( bold ) responses between younger and older participants and to predict gains in wm performance after a subsequent [12] - session wm training procedure in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 resonance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 resonance
2 this 3 study
5 functional 7 resonance
6 magnetic 7 resonance
7 resonance 8 imaging
7 resonance 21 was
8 imaging 9 during
8 imaging 16 at
8 imaging 20 levels
9 during 15 task
10 an 15 task
13 back 15 task
14 wm 15 task
16 at 18 wm
17 different 18 wm
19 load 20 levels
21 was 22 applied
22 applied 23 to
23 to 39 and
24 compare 33 responses
24 compare 39 and
25 blood 26 oxygen
26 oxygen 33 responses
27 level 28 -
27 level 33 responses
29 dependent 31 bold
29 dependent 32 )
29 dependent 33 responses
30 ( 31 bold
31 bold 32 )
33 responses 34 between
34 between 38 participants
35 younger 36 and
36 and 37 older
36 and 38 participants
39 and 40 to
39 and 41 predict
40 to 41 predict
41 predict 42 gains
41 predict 46 after
42 gains 43 in
43 in 45 performance
44 wm 45 performance
46 after 52 wm
47 a 48 subsequent
47 a 52 wm
48 subsequent 50 -
48 subsequent 52 wm
51 session 52 wm
52 wm 53 training
52 wm 55 in
53 training 54 procedure
55 in 57 adults
56 older 57 adults

we show that increased neural efficiency and capacity , as reflected by more " youth [-] like " brain response patterns in regions of interest of the frontoparietal wm network , were associated with better behavioral training outcome beyond the effects of age , sex , education , gray matter volume , and baseline wm performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reflected
1 we 2 show
3 that 4 increased
4 increased 7 and
4 increased 10 as
5 neural 6 efficiency
6 efficiency 7 and
7 and 8 capacity
9 , 10 as
10 as 11 reflected
11 reflected 12 by
12 by 15 youth
13 more 14 "
13 more 15 youth
15 youth 17 like
17 like 18 "
17 like 19 brain
19 brain 20 response
19 brain 21 patterns
20 response 21 patterns
21 patterns 22 in
22 in 23 regions
23 regions 24 of
23 regions 26 of
23 regions 29 wm
23 regions 31 ,
24 of 25 interest
26 of 28 frontoparietal
27 the 28 frontoparietal
29 wm 31 ,
30 network 31 ,
31 , 32 were
31 , 39 beyond
32 were 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 38 outcome
35 better 37 training
36 behavioral 37 training
37 training 38 outcome
39 beyond 41 effects
40 the 41 effects
41 effects 42 of
42 of 53 and
43 age 44 ,
44 , 45 sex
44 , 46 ,
46 , 47 education
46 , 48 ,
48 , 51 volume
48 , 53 and
49 gray 51 volume
50 matter 51 volume
52 , 53 and
53 and 56 performance
53 and 57 .
54 baseline 56 performance
55 wm 56 performance

furthermore , at low difficulty levels , decreases in bold [response] were found after wm training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 8 decreases
2 , 3 at
3 at 6 levels
3 at 7 ,
3 at 8 decreases
4 low 5 difficulty
5 difficulty 6 levels
8 decreases 9 in
8 decreases 12 were
9 in 10 bold
12 were 13 found
13 found 14 after
14 after 16 training
15 wm 16 training

results indicate that both neural efficiency ( i.e [.] , decreased activation at comparable performance levels [ )(and capacity ( i.e [.] , increasing activation with increasing wm [load] [ )(of a wm - related network predict plasticity of the wm system , whereas wm training may specifically increase neural efficiency in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 results 2 indicate
2 indicate 6 efficiency
3 that 6 efficiency
4 both 5 neural
5 neural 6 efficiency
6 efficiency 8 i.e
7 ( 8 i.e
8 i.e 10 ,
10 , 18 )(and
11 decreased 12 activation
12 activation 13 at
12 activation 18 )(and
13 at 16 levels
14 comparable 16 levels
15 performance 16 levels
18 )(and 19 capacity
18 )(and 21 i.e
18 )(and 24 increasing
20 ( 21 i.e
21 i.e 23 ,
23 , 24 increasing
24 increasing 25 activation
25 activation 26 with
26 with 27 increasing
27 increasing 28 wm
27 increasing 37 predict
28 wm 31 )(of
28 wm 37 predict
31 )(of 33 wm
32 a 33 wm
34 - 35 related
35 related 36 network
35 related 37 predict
37 predict 38 plasticity
37 predict 44 whereas
38 plasticity 39 of
39 of 42 system
40 the 42 system
41 wm 42 system
43 , 44 whereas
44 whereas 46 training
44 whereas 49 increase
44 whereas 55 .
45 wm 46 training
46 training 47 may
47 may 49 increase
48 specifically 49 increase
49 increase 51 efficiency
50 neural 51 efficiency
51 efficiency 52 in
52 in 54 adults
53 older 54 adults

hematopoietic cell transplantation ( hct ) provides a life - prolonging or potentially curative treatment option for patients with hematologic malignancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 transplantation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 hematopoietic 2 cell
2 cell 3 transplantation
3 transplantation 5 hct
3 transplantation 7 provides
4 ( 5 hct
5 hct 6 )
7 provides 9 life
8 a 9 life
10 - 12 or
10 - 16 option
10 - 22 .
11 prolonging 12 or
12 or 15 treatment
12 or 16 option
13 potentially 14 curative
14 curative 15 treatment
16 option 17 for
16 option 19 with
17 for 18 patients
19 with 21 malignancies
20 hematologic 21 malignancies

given the high transplant - related morbidity , these treatment strategies were initially restricted to younger patients , but [are] increasingly being used in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 restricted
1 given 4 transplant
1 given 5 -
1 given 11 strategies
2 the 4 transplant
3 high 4 transplant
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 morbidity
6 related 8 ,
6 related 11 strategies
9 these 11 strategies
10 treatment 11 strategies
11 strategies 12 were
12 were 13 initially
12 were 14 restricted
14 restricted 15 to
15 to 17 patients
16 younger 17 patients
17 patients 19 but
18 , 19 but
19 but 22 being
19 but 27 .
21 increasingly 22 being
22 being 23 used
23 used 24 in
24 in 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

the incidence of most hematologic malignancies increases with age ; with the aging of the population , the number of potential older candidates for hct increases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 7 increases
3 of 6 malignancies
4 most 5 hematologic
5 hematologic 6 malignancies
7 increases 8 with
8 with 9 age
10 ; 19 number
10 ; 26 increases
11 with 13 aging
11 with 17 ,
11 with 19 number
12 the 13 aging
13 aging 14 of
14 of 16 population
15 the 16 population
18 the 19 number
19 number 20 of
19 number 26 increases
20 of 23 candidates
21 potential 23 candidates
22 older 23 candidates
23 candidates 24 for
24 for 25 hct

autologous hct [(] auto - hct [ )(in older patients may confer a slightly increased risk of specific toxicities ( such as cardiac toxicities and mucositis ) and have modestly lower effectiveness ( in the case of lymphoma ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 auto
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 autologous 2 hct
2 hct 4 auto
5 - 6 hct
5 - 28 and
6 hct 8 )(in
6 hct 28 and
8 )(in 10 patients
9 older 10 patients
11 may 12 confer
11 may 28 and
12 confer 16 risk
13 a 16 risk
14 slightly 15 increased
15 increased 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 19 toxicities
18 specific 19 toxicities
19 toxicities 22 as
20 ( 22 as
21 such 22 as
22 as 25 and
22 as 27 )
23 cardiac 24 toxicities
24 toxicities 25 and
25 and 26 mucositis
28 and 29 have
29 have 32 effectiveness
30 modestly 31 lower
31 lower 32 effectiveness
32 effectiveness 34 in
33 ( 34 in
34 in 36 case
34 in 39 )
35 the 36 case
36 case 37 of
37 of 38 lymphoma

however , auto [-] hct remains a feasible , safe , and effective therapy for selected older adults with multiple myeloma and lymphoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 hct
3 auto 5 hct
5 hct 6 remains
6 remains 14 therapy
6 remains 15 for
6 remains 19 with
7 a 8 feasible
7 a 10 safe
8 feasible 9 ,
8 feasible 10 safe
10 safe 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 effective
12 and 14 therapy
15 for 18 adults
16 selected 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
19 with 22 and
20 multiple 21 myeloma
21 myeloma 22 and
22 and 23 lymphoma

similarly , allogeneic transplant [(] allo - hct ) is a potential therapeutic option for selected older adults , although fewer data exist on allo - hct in older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 allo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 6 allo
3 allogeneic 4 transplant
4 transplant 6 allo
6 allo 8 hct
6 allo 10 is
7 - 8 hct
8 hct 9 )
10 is 14 option
11 a 12 potential
11 a 14 option
12 potential 14 option
13 therapeutic 14 option
14 option 15 for
15 for 18 adults
16 selected 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
19 , 22 data
19 , 23 exist
19 , 26 -
20 although 21 fewer
20 although 22 data
22 data 23 exist
23 exist 24 on
24 on 25 allo
26 - 27 hct
27 hct 28 in
28 in 30 patients
29 older 30 patients

based on currently available data , age alone is not the best predictor of toxicity and outcomes ; rather , the comorbidities and functional status of the older patient are likely better predictors of toxicity than chronologic age in both the autologous and allogeneic setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 6 ,
1 based 7 age
2 on 5 data
3 currently 4 available
4 available 5 data
7 age 9 is
8 alone 9 is
9 is 10 not
9 is 13 predictor
11 the 12 best
11 the 13 predictor
13 predictor 14 of
14 of 16 and
15 toxicity 16 and
16 and 17 outcomes
18 ; 23 and
18 ; 30 are
19 rather 20 ,
19 rather 23 and
21 the 22 comorbidities
22 comorbidities 23 and
23 and 25 status
23 and 26 of
23 and 30 are
24 functional 25 status
26 of 29 patient
27 the 29 patient
28 older 29 patient
30 are 33 predictors
30 are 36 than
31 likely 33 predictors
32 better 33 predictors
33 predictors 34 of
34 of 35 toxicity
36 than 38 age
36 than 39 in
37 chronologic 38 age
39 in 40 both
40 both 41 the
40 both 45 setting
41 the 45 setting
42 autologous 43 and
43 and 44 allogeneic
43 and 45 setting

a comprehensive geriatric assessment [(] cga [ )(in older adults being considered for either an auto - hct or allo - hct may identify additional problems or geriatric syndromes , which may not be detected during the standard pretransplant evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 a 6 cga
2 comprehensive 4 assessment
3 geriatric 4 assessment
4 assessment 6 cga
6 cga 8 )(in
6 cga 27 or
8 )(in 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 being
10 adults 22 hct
10 adults 24 identify
11 being 12 considered
12 considered 13 for
12 considered 16 auto
13 for 14 either
15 an 16 auto
16 auto 19 or
17 - 19 or
18 hct 19 or
19 or 20 allo
19 or 21 -
22 hct 23 may
23 may 24 identify
24 identify 26 problems
25 additional 26 problems
27 or 29 syndromes
27 or 30 ,
27 or 31 which
27 or 32 may
28 geriatric 29 syndromes
31 which 32 may
32 may 33 not
32 may 34 be
34 be 35 detected
35 detected 36 during
36 during 40 evaluation
37 the 40 evaluation
38 standard 39 pretransplant
39 pretransplant 40 evaluation

further research is needed to establish the utility of cga in predicting toxicity and to evaluate the quality of survival in older adults undergoing hct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 14 and
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 6 establish
4 needed 14 and
5 to 6 establish
6 establish 8 utility
6 establish 11 in
7 the 8 utility
8 utility 9 of
9 of 10 cga
11 in 12 predicting
12 predicting 13 toxicity
14 and 15 to
14 and 16 evaluate
14 and 21 in
15 to 16 evaluate
16 evaluate 18 quality
17 the 18 quality
18 quality 19 of
19 of 20 survival
21 in 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
23 adults 24 undergoing
24 undergoing 25 hct

lipofuscin , an aging marker in the retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) associated with the development of age - related macular degeneration , is primarily characterized by its fluorescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lipofuscin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 lipofuscin 5 marker
1 lipofuscin 24 ,
2 , 5 marker
3 an 5 marker
4 aging 5 marker
5 marker 6 in
5 marker 14 associated
5 marker 20 -
6 in 10 epithelium
7 the 10 epithelium
8 retinal 9 pigment
9 pigment 10 epithelium
10 epithelium 12 rpe
11 ( 12 rpe
12 rpe 13 )
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 development
16 the 17 development
17 development 18 of
18 of 19 age
21 related 23 degeneration
21 related 24 ,
22 macular 23 degeneration
24 , 25 is
25 is 27 characterized
26 primarily 27 characterized
27 characterized 28 by
28 by 30 fluorescence
29 its 30 fluorescence

the most abundant component of rpe lipofuscin is n - retinylidene - n - retinylethanolamine ( a2e ) but its exact composition is not known due to the complexity of the rpe extract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 component
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 4 component
2 most 3 abundant
3 abundant 4 component
4 component 5 of
4 component 8 is
5 of 7 lipofuscin
6 rpe 7 lipofuscin
8 is 9 n
10 - 11 retinylidene
10 - 19 but
11 retinylidene 14 -
12 - 14 -
13 n 14 -
14 - 15 retinylethanolamine
14 - 18 )
15 retinylethanolamine 17 a2e
16 ( 17 a2e
17 a2e 18 )
19 but 22 composition
19 but 23 is
20 its 22 composition
21 exact 22 composition
22 composition 23 is
23 is 24 not
23 is 26 due
24 not 25 known
26 due 27 to
27 to 29 complexity
28 the 29 complexity
29 complexity 30 of
30 of 33 extract
31 the 33 extract
32 rpe 33 extract

in this study , we utilized maldi imaging to find potential molecules responsible for lipofuscin fluorescence in rpe tissue from abca4 [(] - [/] - [ )( sv129 , and c57bl6/j mice aged 2 and 6 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 utilized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 utilized
6 utilized 7 maldi
7 maldi 8 imaging
7 maldi 13 responsible
7 maldi 20 from
8 imaging 9 to
8 imaging 12 molecules
9 to 11 potential
10 find 11 potential
13 responsible 14 for
13 responsible 17 in
14 for 16 fluorescence
15 lipofuscin 16 fluorescence
17 in 19 tissue
18 rpe 19 tissue
20 from 21 abca4
23 - 25 -
23 - 33 aged
23 - 38 .
25 - 30 and
28 sv129 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 mice
30 and 33 aged
31 c57bl6/j 32 mice
33 aged 37 months
34 2 35 and
35 and 36 6
35 and 37 months

to assert relationships [,] the individual images in the maldi imaging datasets were correlated with lipofuscin fluorescence recorded from the same tissues following proper registration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 to 2 assert
2 assert 3 relationships
2 assert 14 correlated
3 relationships 6 individual
3 relationships 7 images
3 relationships 13 were
5 the 6 individual
6 individual 7 images
7 images 8 in
8 in 10 maldi
9 the 10 maldi
10 maldi 11 imaging
11 imaging 12 datasets
13 were 14 correlated
14 correlated 15 with
15 with 17 fluorescence
15 with 18 recorded
16 lipofuscin 17 fluorescence
18 recorded 19 from
19 from 22 tissues
20 the 21 same
20 the 22 tissues
22 tissues 23 following
23 following 25 registration
24 proper 25 registration

spatial correlation information , which is usually lost in bioanalytics , pinpointed a relatively small number of potential lipofuscin components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 pinpointed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 spatial 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 information
3 information 5 which
3 information 12 pinpointed
4 , 5 which
5 which 6 is
5 which 11 ,
6 is 8 lost
7 usually 8 lost
8 lost 9 in
9 in 10 bioanalytics
12 pinpointed 20 components
13 a 14 relatively
13 a 16 number
14 relatively 15 small
15 small 16 number
16 number 17 of
16 number 20 components
17 of 20 components
18 potential 20 components
19 lipofuscin 20 components

the comparison of four samples in each condition further limited the possibility of false positives and provided various new , age - and strain - specific targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 limited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 comparison
2 comparison 3 of
2 comparison 10 limited
3 of 5 samples
4 four 5 samples
5 samples 6 in
6 in 8 condition
7 each 8 condition
9 further 10 limited
10 limited 12 possibility
11 the 12 possibility
12 possibility 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 false 15 positives
15 positives 16 and
16 and 27 targets
17 provided 27 targets
18 various 27 targets
19 new 23 and
19 new 27 targets
20 , 23 and
21 age 23 and
22 - 23 and
23 and 24 strain
23 and 25 -
26 specific 27 targets

validating the usefulness of the fluorescence - enhanced imaging strategy , many known [adducts] of a2e were identified in the short list of lipofuscin components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 validating 3 usefulness
1 validating 11 ,
1 validating 12 many
2 the 3 usefulness
3 usefulness 4 of
4 of 6 fluorescence
5 the 6 fluorescence
6 fluorescence 10 strategy
7 - 10 strategy
8 enhanced 10 strategy
9 imaging 10 strategy
10 strategy 11 ,
12 many 13 known
12 many 15 of
12 many 17 were
15 of 16 a2e
17 were 18 identified
18 identified 19 in
19 in 22 list
20 the 22 list
21 short 22 list
22 list 23 of
23 of 25 components
24 lipofuscin 25 components

these results provided evidence that mass spectrometric imaging can be utilized as a tool to begin to identify the molecular substructure of clinically - relevant diagnostic information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 provided
3 provided 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 8 imaging
5 that 11 utilized
6 mass 8 imaging
7 spectrometric 8 imaging
8 imaging 9 can
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 utilized
11 utilized 12 as
11 utilized 23 clinically
12 as 14 tool
13 a 14 tool
14 tool 15 to
14 tool 22 of
15 to 16 begin
16 begin 17 to
16 begin 18 identify
17 to 18 identify
18 identify 21 substructure
19 the 21 substructure
20 molecular 21 substructure
21 substructure 22 of
24 - 27 information
25 relevant 27 information
26 diagnostic 27 information

both increases and decreases in resting state functional connectivity have been previously observed within the motor network during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 both 3 and
1 both 10 have
2 increases 3 and
3 and 4 decreases
3 and 9 connectivity
4 decreases 5 in
5 in 6 resting
7 state 9 connectivity
8 functional 9 connectivity
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 previously
11 been 13 observed
13 observed 14 within
13 observed 18 during
14 within 17 network
15 the 17 network
16 motor 17 network
18 during 19 aging

moreover , the relationship between altered functional connectivity and age - related declines in bimanual coordination remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 relationship
3 the 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 between
4 relationship 17 remains
5 between 9 and
6 altered 8 connectivity
7 functional 8 connectivity
8 connectivity 9 and
9 and 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 declines
12 related 14 in
12 related 17 remains
14 in 16 coordination
15 bimanual 16 coordination
17 remains 18 unclear

here , we explored the developmental dynamics of the resting brain within a task [-] specific motor network in a sample of 128 healthy participants , aged 18 - 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 explored
4 explored 7 dynamics
4 explored 12 within
4 explored 19 in
5 the 7 dynamics
6 developmental 7 dynamics
7 dynamics 8 of
8 of 11 brain
9 the 11 brain
10 resting 11 brain
12 within 18 network
13 a 18 network
14 task 18 network
16 specific 17 motor
17 motor 18 network
19 in 21 sample
20 a 21 sample
21 sample 22 of
22 of 25 participants
23 128 25 participants
24 healthy 25 participants
25 participants 27 aged
26 , 27 aged
27 aged 28 18
27 aged 29 -
29 - 31 years
30 80 31 years

we found that age - related increases in functional connectivity between interhemispheric dorsal and ventral premotor areas were associated with poorer performance on a novel bimanual visuomotor task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 age
3 that 4 age
5 - 7 increases
5 - 19 associated
5 - 29 .
6 related 7 increases
7 increases 8 in
7 increases 11 between
7 increases 18 were
8 in 10 connectivity
9 functional 10 connectivity
11 between 17 areas
12 interhemispheric 17 areas
13 dorsal 14 and
14 and 15 ventral
14 and 17 areas
16 premotor 17 areas
18 were 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 performance
21 poorer 22 performance
22 performance 23 on
23 on 28 task
24 a 25 novel
24 a 28 task
25 novel 27 visuomotor
26 bimanual 27 visuomotor
27 visuomotor 28 task

additionally , a control analysis performed on the default mode network confirmed that our age - related increases in functional connectivity were specific to the motor system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 5 analysis
3 a 4 control
3 a 5 analysis
4 control 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 performed
5 analysis 12 confirmed
6 performed 7 on
7 on 11 network
8 the 11 network
9 default 11 network
10 mode 11 network
12 confirmed 13 that
13 that 15 age
13 that 22 were
14 our 15 age
15 age 22 were
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 increases
17 related 19 in
17 related 22 were
19 in 21 connectivity
20 functional 21 connectivity
22 were 23 specific
23 specific 24 to
24 to 27 system
25 the 27 system
26 motor 27 system

our findings suggest that increases in functional connectivity within the resting state motor network with aging reflect a loss of functional specialization that may not only occur in the active brain but also in the resting brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 increases
4 that 17 reflect
5 increases 6 in
5 increases 9 within
6 in 8 connectivity
7 functional 8 connectivity
9 within 14 network
10 the 14 network
11 resting 14 network
12 state 14 network
13 motor 14 network
14 network 15 with
15 with 16 aging
17 reflect 19 loss
17 reflect 32 but
18 a 19 loss
19 loss 20 of
20 of 22 specialization
21 functional 22 specialization
22 specialization 23 that
22 specialization 24 may
23 that 24 may
24 may 25 not
24 may 27 occur
26 only 27 occur
28 in 31 brain
28 in 32 but
29 the 31 brain
30 active 31 brain
32 but 33 also
32 but 34 in
34 in 37 brain
35 the 37 brain
36 resting 37 brain

objective : to test whether red blood [cell] ( rbc ) levels of marine omega - 3 fatty acids measured in the women 's health initiative memory study were related to mri brain volumes measured 8 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
2 : 30 related
2 : 39 .
3 to 4 test
4 test 5 whether
4 test 17 3
4 test 30 related
5 whether 7 blood
5 whether 12 levels
6 red 7 blood
7 blood 10 rbc
7 blood 12 levels
9 ( 10 rbc
10 rbc 11 )
13 of 15 omega
13 of 16 -
13 of 17 3
14 marine 15 omega
17 3 19 acids
17 3 20 measured
17 3 21 in
17 3 30 related
18 fatty 19 acids
19 acids 20 measured
21 in 26 initiative
22 the 23 women
23 women 24 's
24 's 26 initiative
25 health 26 initiative
26 initiative 28 study
26 initiative 29 were
27 memory 28 study
28 study 29 were
30 related 31 to
30 related 38 later
31 to 34 volumes
32 mri 33 brain
33 brain 34 volumes
34 volumes 35 measured
36 8 37 years
37 years 38 later

methods : rbc eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) , docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) , and mri brain volumes were assessed in 1,111 postmenopausal women from the women 's health initiative memory study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 11 acid
3 rbc 11 acid
4 eicosapentaenoic 11 acid
5 acid 7 epa
5 acid 9 ,
5 acid 11 acid
6 ( 7 epa
7 epa 8 )
10 docosahexaenoic 11 acid
11 acid 13 dha
12 ( 13 dha
13 dha 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 mri
16 and 29 's
17 mri 18 brain
17 mri 21 assessed
17 mri 29 's
18 brain 19 volumes
18 brain 20 were
18 brain 21 assessed
19 volumes 20 were
21 assessed 22 in
22 in 25 women
23 1,111 25 women
24 postmenopausal 25 women
25 women 26 from
26 from 28 women
27 the 28 women
29 's 33 study
30 health 31 initiative
31 initiative 32 memory
32 memory 33 study

the endpoints were total brain volume and anatomical regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endpoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 endpoints
2 endpoints 3 were
3 were 7 and
4 total 5 brain
5 brain 6 volume
6 volume 7 and
7 and 9 regions
8 anatomical 9 regions

linear mixed models included multiple imputations of fatty acids and were adjusted for hormone therapy , time since randomization , demographics , intracranial volume , and cardiovascular disease risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 linear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 linear 2 mixed
1 linear 10 and
3 models 6 imputations
3 models 10 and
4 included 6 imputations
5 multiple 6 imputations
6 imputations 7 of
7 of 9 acids
8 fatty 9 acids
10 and 11 were
10 and 18 since
11 were 16 ,
12 adjusted 13 for
12 adjusted 16 ,
13 for 15 therapy
14 hormone 15 therapy
16 , 17 time
18 since 26 and
18 since 29 risk
19 randomization 20 ,
20 , 21 demographics
20 , 22 ,
22 , 24 volume
22 , 26 and
23 intracranial 24 volume
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 disease
26 and 29 risk
27 cardiovascular 28 disease
29 risk 30 factors

results : in fully adjusted models , a 1 sd greater rbc epa [+] dha ( omega - 3 index ) level was correlated with 2.1 [cm] ( 3 ) larger brain volume ( p = 0.048 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 models
4 fully 5 adjusted
5 adjusted 6 models
7 , 22 level
7 , 24 correlated
8 a 22 level
9 1 10 sd
10 sd 22 level
11 greater 22 level
12 rbc 13 epa
13 epa 15 dha
15 dha 17 omega
15 dha 22 level
16 ( 17 omega
17 omega 19 3
17 omega 20 index
17 omega 21 )
18 - 19 3
19 3 20 index
22 level 23 was
23 was 24 correlated
24 correlated 25 with
24 correlated 36 =
25 with 26 2.1
25 with 33 volume
26 2.1 29 3
28 ( 29 3
29 3 30 )
31 larger 32 brain
32 brain 33 volume
34 ( 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.048
36 = 38 )

dha was [marginally] correlated ( p = 0.063 ) with total brain volume while epa was less so ( p = 0.11 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dha
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 dha 2 was
2 was 4 correlated
4 correlated 7 =
4 correlated 10 with
4 correlated 14 while
4 correlated 21 =
5 ( 7 =
6 p 7 =
7 = 8 0.063
7 = 9 )
10 with 13 volume
11 total 12 brain
12 brain 13 volume
14 while 15 epa
14 while 16 was
15 epa 16 was
16 was 17 less
16 was 18 so
19 ( 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 22 0.11
21 = 23 )

there were no correlations between ischemic lesion volumes and epa , dha , or epa + dha . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 correlations
3 no 4 correlations
4 correlations 5 between
5 between 9 and
6 ischemic 7 lesion
7 lesion 8 volumes
8 volumes 9 and
9 and 10 epa
9 and 16 +
11 , 16 +
12 dha 14 or
13 , 14 or
14 or 15 epa
14 or 16 +
16 + 17 dha
16 + 18 .

a 1 sd greater omega - 3 index was correlated with greater hippocampal volume ( 50 [mm] ( 3 ) , p = 0.036 ) in fully adjusted models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 omega
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 5 omega
2 1 3 sd
3 sd 5 omega
4 greater 5 omega
5 omega 7 3
5 omega 8 index
5 omega 9 was
6 - 7 3
7 3 8 index
9 was 10 correlated
10 correlated 11 with
10 correlated 23 =
10 correlated 26 in
11 with 14 volume
12 greater 14 volume
13 hippocampal 14 volume
14 volume 16 50
15 ( 16 50
16 50 19 3
16 50 21 ,
18 ( 19 3
19 3 20 )
21 , 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.036
23 = 25 )
26 in 29 models
27 fully 28 adjusted
28 adjusted 29 models

comparing the fourth quartile vs the first quartile of the omega - 3 index confirmed greater hippocampal volume ( 159 [mm] ( 3 ) , p = 0.034 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 comparing 4 quartile
1 comparing 12 -
1 comparing 13 3
2 the 3 fourth
2 the 4 quartile
4 quartile 5 vs
4 quartile 9 of
5 vs 8 quartile
6 the 8 quartile
7 first 8 quartile
9 of 11 omega
10 the 11 omega
13 3 14 index
14 index 18 volume
15 confirmed 18 volume
16 greater 18 volume
17 hippocampal 18 volume
18 volume 20 159
18 volume 27 =
19 ( 20 159
20 159 23 3
20 159 25 ,
22 ( 23 3
23 3 24 )
25 , 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 0.034
27 = 29 )

conclusion : a higher omega - 3 index was correlated with larger total normal brain volume and hippocampal volume in postmenopausal women measured 8 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 omega
2 : 23 measured
2 : 27 .
3 a 5 omega
4 higher 5 omega
5 omega 7 3
5 omega 8 index
5 omega 9 was
6 - 7 3
7 3 8 index
9 was 10 correlated
10 correlated 11 with
11 with 17 and
11 with 23 measured
12 larger 15 brain
13 total 15 brain
14 normal 15 brain
15 brain 16 volume
16 volume 17 and
17 and 19 volume
17 and 20 in
18 hippocampal 19 volume
20 in 22 women
21 postmenopausal 22 women
23 measured 26 later
24 8 25 years
25 years 26 later

while normal aging results in overall brain atrophy , lower omega - 3 index may signal increased risk of hippocampal atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 signal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 while 2 normal
1 while 3 aging
3 aging 4 results
3 aging 15 may
4 results 5 in
4 results 13 3
4 results 14 index
5 in 8 atrophy
6 overall 7 brain
7 brain 8 atrophy
8 atrophy 11 omega
9 , 11 omega
10 lower 11 omega
11 omega 12 -
13 3 14 index
15 may 16 signal
16 signal 18 risk
17 increased 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 21 atrophy
20 hippocampal 21 atrophy

future studies should examine whether maintaining higher rbc epa [+] dha levels slows the rate of hippocampal or overall brain atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 examine
4 examine 5 whether
5 whether 6 maintaining
5 whether 13 slows
6 maintaining 7 higher
6 maintaining 11 dha
6 maintaining 12 levels
6 maintaining 13 slows
8 rbc 9 epa
9 epa 11 dha
11 dha 12 levels
13 slows 15 rate
14 the 15 rate
15 rate 16 of
16 of 18 or
17 hippocampal 18 or
18 or 21 atrophy
19 overall 21 atrophy
20 brain 21 atrophy

de novo methylation of cpg islands is seen in many cancers , but the general rules governing this process are not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 de 2 novo
2 novo 3 methylation
3 methylation 4 of
3 methylation 7 is
4 of 6 islands
5 cpg 6 islands
7 is 8 seen
8 seen 9 in
9 in 11 cancers
10 many 11 cancers
12 , 13 but
13 but 16 rules
13 but 22 known
14 the 16 rules
15 general 16 rules
16 rules 17 governing
16 rules 20 are
17 governing 19 process
18 this 19 process
20 are 21 not
20 are 22 known

by analyzing dna from tumors , as well as normal tissues , and by utilizing a range of published data , we have identified a universal set of tumor targets , each with its own " coefficient " of methylation that is largely correlated with its inherent relative ability to recruit polycomb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 by 2 analyzing
1 by 13 and
2 analyzing 3 dna
3 dna 4 from
3 dna 9 as
4 from 5 tumors
6 , 9 as
7 as 8 well
8 well 9 as
9 as 11 tissues
9 as 12 ,
10 normal 11 tissues
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 by
13 and 21 ,
13 and 22 we
14 by 15 utilizing
15 utilizing 17 range
16 a 17 range
17 range 18 of
18 of 20 data
19 published 20 data
22 we 31 ,
23 have 24 identified
23 have 31 ,
24 identified 27 set
25 a 27 set
26 universal 27 set
27 set 28 of
28 of 30 targets
29 tumor 30 targets
31 , 51 recruit
32 each 33 with
32 each 39 of
32 each 44 correlated
33 with 37 coefficient
34 its 35 own
34 its 37 coefficient
35 own 36 "
37 coefficient 38 "
39 of 40 methylation
41 that 42 is
42 is 44 correlated
43 largely 44 correlated
44 correlated 45 with
44 correlated 50 to
45 with 49 ability
46 its 49 ability
47 inherent 49 ability
48 relative 49 ability
50 to 51 recruit
51 recruit 52 polycomb

this pattern is initially formed by a slow process [of] de novo methylation that occurs during aging and then undergoes expansion early in tumorigenesis , where we hypothesize that it may act as an inhibitor of development - associated gene activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 this 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 is
3 is 18 and
4 initially 5 formed
5 formed 6 by
5 formed 12 novo
5 formed 13 methylation
5 formed 18 and
6 by 9 process
7 a 9 process
8 slow 9 process
11 de 12 novo
13 methylation 14 that
13 methylation 15 occurs
14 that 15 occurs
15 occurs 16 during
16 during 17 aging
18 and 20 undergoes
18 and 41 activation
19 then 20 undergoes
20 undergoes 21 expansion
20 undergoes 22 early
20 undergoes 23 in
23 in 24 tumorigenesis
24 tumorigenesis 26 where
25 , 26 where
26 where 27 we
26 where 28 hypothesize
26 where 38 -
27 we 28 hypothesize
28 hypothesize 29 that
29 that 30 it
29 that 32 act
30 it 31 may
31 may 32 act
32 act 33 as
33 as 35 inhibitor
34 an 35 inhibitor
35 inhibitor 36 of
36 of 37 development
39 associated 40 gene
40 gene 41 activation

background : several measures of medication exposure are associated with adverse outcomes in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 measures
2 : 9 associated
2 : 16 .
3 several 4 measures
4 measures 5 of
4 measures 8 are
5 of 7 exposure
6 medication 7 exposure
8 are 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 13 in
10 with 12 outcomes
11 adverse 12 outcomes
13 in 15 people
14 older 15 people

exposure [to] and the clinical outcomes of these measures in robust [versus] frail older inpatients are not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 exposure 3 and
3 and 6 outcomes
3 and 7 of
3 and 16 are
4 the 6 outcomes
5 clinical 6 outcomes
7 of 9 measures
8 these 9 measures
9 measures 10 in
10 in 15 inpatients
11 robust 15 inpatients
13 frail 15 inpatients
14 older 15 inpatients
16 are 17 not
16 are 18 known

methods : patients ≥60 years of age admitted with a fall to a tertiary referral teaching hospital in sydney were recruited and frailty was assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 years
2 : 21 recruited
2 : 22 and
2 : 26 .
3 patients 5 years
4 ≥60 5 years
5 years 6 of
5 years 8 admitted
5 years 12 to
5 years 20 were
6 of 7 age
8 admitted 9 with
9 with 11 fall
10 a 11 fall
12 to 17 hospital
13 a 14 tertiary
13 a 17 hospital
14 tertiary 15 referral
15 referral 16 teaching
16 teaching 17 hospital
17 hospital 18 in
18 in 19 sydney
20 were 21 recruited
22 and 23 frailty
22 and 25 assessed
23 frailty 24 was
24 was 25 assessed

data were collected at admission , discharge , and 2 months after admission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 collected
3 collected 9 and
4 at 5 admission
4 at 9 and
5 admission 7 discharge
6 , 7 discharge
7 discharge 8 ,
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 after
10 2 11 months
11 months 12 after
12 after 13 admission

results : a total of 204 patients were recruited ( mean age 80.5 ± 8.3 years ) , with 101 [robust] and 103 frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 6 204
6 204 7 patients
6 204 8 were
6 204 9 recruited
6 204 16 years
6 204 19 with
7 patients 8 were
10 ( 16 years
11 mean 12 age
12 age 16 years
13 80.5 16 years
14 ± 16 years
15 8.3 16 years
16 years 17 )
18 , 19 with
19 with 22 and
19 with 24 frail
19 with 25 .
20 101 22 and
22 and 23 103

on admission , compared with the robust , frail participants had significantly higher mean ± sd number [of] frids [(] frail 3.4 ± 2.2 vs [.] robust 1.6 ± 1.5 , p < 0.0001 [ )( total number of medications ( 9.8 ± 4.3 vs [.] 4.4 ± 3.3 , p < 0.0001 [ )(, [and] ddi exposure ( 35 vs [.] 5 % , p = 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 had
1 on 2 admission
1 on 8 ,
1 on 10 participants
2 admission 4 compared
3 , 4 compared
4 compared 5 with
4 compared 8 ,
5 with 7 robust
6 the 7 robust
9 frail 10 participants
10 participants 11 had
11 had 16 sd
11 had 17 number
12 significantly 13 higher
13 higher 15 ±
14 mean 15 ±
15 ± 16 sd
17 number 23 ±
19 frids 23 ±
21 frail 23 ±
22 3.4 23 ±
23 ± 24 2.2
23 ± 25 vs
23 ± 33 <
25 vs 29 ±
27 robust 29 ±
28 1.6 29 ±
29 ± 30 1.5
31 , 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 40 medications
34 0.0001 38 number
37 total 38 number
38 number 39 of
38 number 40 medications
39 of 40 medications
40 medications 43 ±
40 medications 52 <
41 ( 43 ±
42 9.8 43 ±
43 ± 44 4.3
43 ± 45 vs
43 ± 50 ,
45 vs 48 ±
47 4.4 48 ±
48 ± 49 3.3
51 p 52 <
52 < 53 0.0001
53 0.0001 58 exposure
55 )(, 58 exposure
57 ddi 58 exposure
58 exposure 60 35
58 exposure 70 .
59 ( 60 35
60 35 61 vs
60 35 67 =
60 35 70 .
61 vs 64 %
63 5 64 %
65 , 67 =
66 p 67 =
67 = 68 0.001
67 = 69 )

number of frids on discharge was significantly associated with recurrent [falls] [ odds [ratio] ( or ) 1.7 [(] 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci []] 1.3 - 2.1 ) ] , which were most likely to occur with 1.5 frids in the frail and 2.5 frids in the robust . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 number 2 of
1 number 6 was
2 of 3 frids
3 frids 4 on
4 on 5 discharge
6 was 8 associated
7 significantly 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 22 confidence
10 recurrent 13 odds
10 recurrent 17 )
10 recurrent 22 confidence
12 [ 13 odds
13 odds 16 or
13 odds 17 )
15 ( 16 or
16 or 17 )
18 1.7 22 confidence
20 95 21 %
21 % 22 confidence
22 confidence 25 ci
24 [ 25 ci
25 ci 27 1.3
25 ci 29 2.1
25 ci 31 ]
28 - 29 2.1
29 2.1 30 )
32 , 33 which
32 , 34 were
33 which 34 were
34 were 36 likely
35 most 36 likely
36 likely 37 to
37 to 38 occur
38 occur 39 with
39 with 45 and
40 1.5 41 frids
41 frids 42 in
41 frids 45 and
42 in 44 frail
43 the 44 frail
45 and 47 frids
46 2.5 47 frids
47 frids 48 in
48 in 50 robust
49 the 50 robust

number of medications on discharge was also associated with recurrent [falls] [[] or 1.2 ( 1.0 - 1.3 ) ] , but ddis were not . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 number 2 of
1 number 6 was
2 of 3 medications
3 medications 4 on
4 on 5 discharge
6 was 7 also
6 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 13 or
10 recurrent 13 or
13 or 14 1.2
13 or 16 1.0
15 ( 16 1.0
16 1.0 18 1.3
16 1.0 20 ]
17 - 18 1.3
18 1.3 19 )
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 ddis
22 but 24 were
23 ddis 24 were
24 were 25 not

conclusion : exposure to frids and other measures of high - risk medication exposures [is] common in older people admitted [with] falls , especially the frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 exposure
3 exposure 4 to
3 exposure 9 of
4 to 6 and
5 frids 6 and
6 and 8 measures
7 other 8 measures
9 of 12 risk
10 high 11 -
10 high 12 risk
12 risk 14 exposures
12 risk 22 falls
12 risk 26 frail
13 medication 14 exposures
14 exposures 16 common
14 exposures 20 admitted
16 common 17 in
17 in 19 people
18 older 19 people
20 admitted 22 falls
23 , 24 especially
23 , 26 frail
25 the 26 frail
26 frail 27 .

number of frids and [to] a lesser extent total number of medicines at discharge were associated [with] recurrent [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 number 2 of
1 number 4 and
2 of 3 frids
4 and 10 number
4 and 11 of
4 and 15 were
6 a 10 number
7 lesser 8 extent
8 extent 10 number
9 total 10 number
11 of 12 medicines
12 medicines 13 at
13 at 14 discharge
15 were 16 associated
16 associated 18 recurrent

there have been few reports on the development of metabolic disorders , especially when they are considered as a cluster . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
1 there 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 5 reports
3 been 6 on
3 been 14 when
4 few 5 reports
6 on 8 development
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
9 of 11 disorders
10 metabolic 11 disorders
12 , 13 especially
12 , 14 when
14 when 15 they
14 when 17 considered
14 when 21 .
15 they 16 are
16 are 17 considered
17 considered 18 as
18 as 20 cluster
19 a 20 cluster

the purpose of this study was to describe risk profiles for metabolic [syndrome] ( mets ) [in] elderly dwellers in beijing , and to find their transition patterns over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 29 over
7 to 23 and
8 describe 10 profiles
8 describe 20 in
8 describe 23 and
9 risk 10 profiles
10 profiles 11 for
11 for 19 dwellers
12 metabolic 15 mets
12 metabolic 19 dwellers
14 ( 15 mets
15 mets 16 )
18 elderly 19 dwellers
20 in 21 beijing
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 to
23 and 25 find
24 to 25 find
25 find 27 transition
25 find 28 patterns
26 their 27 transition
29 over 30 time

data were derived from beijing longitudinal study of aging , a community - based cohort study hosted by xuanwu [hospital] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 derived
3 derived 4 from
4 from 5 beijing
5 beijing 7 study
5 beijing 14 based
6 longitudinal 7 study
7 study 8 of
7 study 12 community
7 study 14 based
8 of 9 aging
10 , 12 community
11 a 12 community
12 community 13 -
14 based 16 study
15 cohort 16 study
16 study 17 hosted
16 study 18 by
18 by 19 xuanwu

there were 3,257 elderly people aged 55 years or [over] recruited in 1992 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 5 people
2 were 3 3,257
2 were 4 elderly
2 were 5 people
5 people 9 or
6 aged 8 years
6 aged 9 or
7 55 8 years
9 or 11 recruited
9 or 12 in
12 in 13 1992

mets was assessed for the years 1992 , 2000 , [and] 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 mets 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 for
4 for 6 years
5 the 6 years
6 years 7 1992
8 , 9 2000
8 , 10 ,
10 , 12 2009

finally , 363 subjects with complete information for components of mets in the three years were included in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 subjects
3 363 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
4 subjects 16 were
5 with 7 information
6 complete 7 information
7 information 8 for
8 for 9 components
9 components 10 of
10 of 11 mets
11 mets 12 in
12 in 15 years
13 the 14 three
14 three 15 years
16 were 17 included
17 included 18 in
18 in 20 study
19 the 20 study

the criteria of mets recommended by the joint interim statement criteria were adopted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 criteria
2 criteria 3 of
2 criteria 5 recommended
3 of 4 mets
5 recommended 6 by
5 recommended 11 criteria
5 recommended 13 adopted
6 by 8 joint
7 the 8 joint
9 interim 11 criteria
10 statement 11 criteria
11 criteria 12 were
12 were 13 adopted

latent transition analysis was used to calculate the transition probabilities between adjacent visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 latent 2 transition
2 transition 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 calculate
6 to 7 calculate
7 calculate 10 probabilities
7 calculate 11 between
8 the 10 probabilities
9 transition 10 probabilities
11 between 13 visits
12 adjacent 13 visits

a risk typology consisting of four time [-] invariant groups was detected based on the components of mets for all subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 typology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 3 typology
2 risk 3 typology
3 typology 4 consisting
3 typology 12 detected
3 typology 13 based
4 consisting 5 of
5 of 6 four
6 four 7 time
6 four 11 was
7 time 9 invariant
7 time 10 groups
7 time 11 was
9 invariant 10 groups
13 based 14 on
13 based 19 for
13 based 21 subjects
14 on 16 components
15 the 16 components
16 components 17 of
17 of 18 mets
19 for 20 all

low mets risk group , bp risk group , bp - hdl risk group , and bp - fpg - tg risk group were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 low 4 group
2 mets 4 group
3 risk 4 group
4 group 5 ,
5 , 8 group
5 , 9 ,
6 bp 8 group
7 risk 8 group
9 , 14 group
9 , 16 and
10 bp 12 hdl
11 - 12 hdl
12 hdl 14 group
13 risk 14 group
15 , 16 and
16 and 23 group
16 and 24 were
17 bp 19 fpg
18 - 19 fpg
19 fpg 20 -
19 fpg 21 tg
21 tg 23 group
22 risk 23 group
24 were 25 found

the probability of staying at the same status was higher at the two intervals across 18 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 probability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 probability
2 probability 3 of
2 probability 9 was
3 of 4 staying
4 staying 5 at
5 at 8 status
6 the 7 same
7 same 8 status
9 was 10 higher
10 higher 11 at
10 higher 15 across
11 at 14 intervals
12 the 13 two
13 two 14 intervals
15 across 17 years
16 18 17 years

four latent groups were extracted based on three assessments for the components of mets , together with their transition patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 four
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 based
1 four 3 groups
1 four 4 were
1 four 5 extracted
1 four 6 based
2 latent 3 groups
3 groups 4 were
6 based 7 on
6 based 9 assessments
7 on 8 three
9 assessments 10 for
10 for 12 components
11 the 12 components
12 components 13 of
13 of 14 mets
14 mets 17 with
15 , 17 with
16 together 17 with
17 with 20 patterns
17 with 21 .
18 their 20 patterns
19 transition 20 patterns

findings suggested various trajectories for mets components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 findings 2 suggested
2 suggested 4 trajectories
3 various 4 trajectories
4 trajectories 5 for
5 for 7 components
6 mets 7 components

different combinations of intervention strategy might be needed for mets risk groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combinations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 different 2 combinations
2 combinations 3 of
2 combinations 6 might
3 of 5 strategy
4 intervention 5 strategy
6 might 7 be
7 be 8 needed
8 needed 9 for
9 for 12 groups
10 mets 12 groups
11 risk 12 groups

objective : this study aims to investigate the influence of socio - demographic , health , and municipal characteristics on trends in loneliness among community [-] dwelling elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 aims
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aims
5 aims 6 to
5 aims 20 on
6 to 7 investigate
7 investigate 9 influence
8 the 9 influence
9 influence 10 of
10 of 17 and
11 socio 12 -
11 socio 15 health
13 demographic 14 ,
13 demographic 15 health
15 health 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 characteristics
18 municipal 19 characteristics
20 on 21 trends
21 trends 22 in
22 in 23 loneliness
23 loneliness 24 among
24 among 29 people
25 community 27 dwelling
27 dwelling 29 people
28 elderly 29 people

method : data were gathered from 4,868 and 4,773 [non] - institutionalized elderly people aged 65 years [and] above in a health survey in 2005 and 2010 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 5 gathered
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 gathered
5 gathered 6 from
5 gathered 29 respectively
6 from 8 and
7 4,868 8 and
8 and 9 4,773
8 and 14 people
11 - 14 people
12 institutionalized 14 people
13 elderly 14 people
14 people 15 aged
14 people 28 ,
15 aged 19 above
15 aged 20 in
15 aged 24 in
16 65 17 years
17 years 19 above
20 in 23 survey
21 a 23 survey
22 health 23 survey
24 in 26 and
25 2005 26 and
26 and 27 2010

crude and adjusted multilevel models were analyzed to study the independent associations of study [year] and socio - demographic , health , and municipal characteristics with loneliness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 crude 2 and
2 and 4 multilevel
2 and 5 models
2 and 8 to
2 and 9 study
3 adjusted 4 multilevel
5 models 6 were
6 were 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 8 to
9 study 23 and
9 study 26 with
10 the 23 and
11 independent 12 associations
12 associations 13 of
12 associations 16 and
13 of 14 study
16 and 19 demographic
16 and 21 health
16 and 23 and
17 socio 18 -
17 socio 19 demographic
20 , 21 health
21 health 22 ,
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 characteristics
24 municipal 25 characteristics
26 with 27 loneliness

results : overall and across municipalities , loneliness estimates did not significantly differ between 2005 and 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 and 9 estimates
4 and 13 differ
5 across 6 municipalities
5 across 7 ,
5 across 9 estimates
8 loneliness 9 estimates
9 estimates 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 13 differ
12 significantly 13 differ
13 differ 14 between
14 between 16 and
15 2005 16 and
16 and 17 2010

however , among the sub - [group] with activity limitations , loneliness was higher in 2010 compared with 2005 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 loneliness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 12 loneliness
2 , 3 among
3 among 5 sub
3 among 11 ,
3 among 12 loneliness
4 the 5 sub
5 sub 8 with
6 - 8 with
8 with 10 limitations
8 with 11 ,
9 activity 10 limitations
12 loneliness 13 was
13 was 14 higher
14 higher 15 in
15 in 16 2010
16 2010 17 compared
17 compared 18 with
18 with 19 2005

discussion : this study indicates a constant trend in loneliness in the total population and across sub [-] groups with the exception of participants with one or more activity limitations , where loneliness increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 indicates
2 : 35 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 indicates
5 indicates 8 trend
5 indicates 32 where
6 a 7 constant
6 a 8 trend
7 constant 8 trend
8 trend 15 and
8 trend 23 of
9 in 10 loneliness
9 in 15 and
10 loneliness 11 in
11 in 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 total 14 population
15 and 16 across
16 across 19 groups
17 sub 19 groups
19 groups 20 with
20 with 22 exception
21 the 22 exception
23 of 27 or
24 participants 25 with
24 participants 27 or
25 with 26 one
27 or 30 limitations
27 or 31 ,
28 more 30 limitations
29 activity 30 limitations
32 where 33 loneliness
32 where 34 increased
33 loneliness 34 increased

individual socio - demographic and health characteristics were explanatory factors for variation in loneliness over time , whereas municipal characteristics were not . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demographic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 individual 4 demographic
2 socio 3 -
2 socio 4 demographic
5 and 7 characteristics
5 and 8 were
6 health 7 characteristics
7 characteristics 8 were
8 were 10 factors
8 were 18 whereas
9 explanatory 10 factors
10 factors 11 for
10 factors 13 in
11 for 12 variation
13 in 14 loneliness
14 loneliness 15 over
15 over 16 time
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 19 municipal
19 municipal 21 were
20 characteristics 21 were
21 were 22 not

bacopa [monnieri] ( l [.] , bm ) is a traditional ayurvedic medicinal herb recognised for its efficacy in relieving acute pain and inflammation , as related to selective inhibition of cyclo - oxygenase - 2 ( cox - 2 ) enzyme and consequent reduction in cox - 2 - mediated prostanoid mediators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bacopa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
1 bacopa 4 l
1 bacopa 7 bm
1 bacopa 9 is
3 ( 4 l
4 l 6 ,
6 , 7 bm
7 bm 8 )
9 is 12 ayurvedic
9 is 16 for
10 a 11 traditional
10 a 12 ayurvedic
11 traditional 12 ayurvedic
12 ayurvedic 14 herb
12 ayurvedic 15 recognised
13 medicinal 14 herb
14 herb 15 recognised
16 for 18 efficacy
17 its 18 efficacy
18 efficacy 19 in
18 efficacy 28 to
19 in 20 relieving
20 relieving 23 and
21 acute 22 pain
22 pain 23 and
23 and 24 inflammation
23 and 25 ,
25 , 27 related
26 as 27 related
28 to 30 inhibition
29 selective 30 inhibition
30 inhibition 31 of
31 of 43 and
32 cyclo 35 -
32 cyclo 41 )
32 cyclo 42 enzyme
33 - 35 -
34 oxygenase 35 -
35 - 38 cox
35 - 41 )
36 2 38 cox
37 ( 38 cox
38 cox 40 2
39 - 40 2
40 2 41 )
42 enzyme 43 and
43 and 45 reduction
43 and 50 -
44 consequent 45 reduction
45 reduction 46 in
46 in 47 cox
48 - 50 -
49 2 50 -
50 - 53 mediators
50 - 54 .
51 mediated 53 mediators
52 prostanoid 53 mediators

bm is also associated with cognitive enhancing ( nootropic ) activity including improving memory free recall , observed after prolonged intake ( >3 months ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 bm 2 is
2 is 3 also
2 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 18 observed
5 with 7 enhancing
6 cognitive 7 enhancing
7 enhancing 11 activity
8 ( 11 activity
9 nootropic 10 )
9 nootropic 11 activity
11 activity 12 including
11 activity 17 ,
12 including 16 recall
13 improving 14 memory
14 memory 16 recall
15 free 16 recall
17 , 18 observed
18 observed 19 after
18 observed 25 )
19 after 21 intake
20 prolonged 21 intake
21 intake 24 months
22 ( 24 months
23 >3 24 months
24 months 25 )

it is likely that the time frame required to exert an effect in the brain reflects regulation by bm of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with aging and chronic diseases , and other polypharmacological effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 likely
3 likely 4 that
4 that 7 frame
4 that 16 reflects
5 the 7 frame
6 time 7 frame
7 frame 8 required
7 frame 13 in
7 frame 16 reflects
8 required 9 to
8 required 10 exert
9 to 10 exert
10 exert 12 effect
11 an 12 effect
13 in 15 brain
14 the 15 brain
16 reflects 17 regulation
17 regulation 18 by
18 by 19 bm
19 bm 20 of
20 of 22 inflammation
21 chronic 22 inflammation
23 and 25 stress
23 and 26 associated
24 oxidative 25 stress
25 stress 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 33 and
28 aging 29 and
29 and 31 diseases
29 and 32 ,
29 and 33 and
30 chronic 31 diseases
33 and 36 effects
34 other 36 effects
35 polypharmacological 36 effects

we report down - regulation by bm of no and tnf - α in stimulated raw 246.7 macrophages and [of] ifn - [γ] in stimulated human blood cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
1 we 2 report
2 report 10 and
2 report 13 α
3 down 4 -
3 down 10 and
5 regulation 6 by
5 regulation 10 and
6 by 7 bm
7 bm 8 of
8 of 9 no
10 and 11 tnf
10 and 12 -
10 and 13 α
13 α 14 in
13 α 24 in
14 in 19 and
15 stimulated 18 macrophages
16 raw 17 246.7
16 raw 18 macrophages
18 macrophages 19 and
19 and 21 ifn
22 - 24 in
24 in 28 cells
24 in 29 .
25 stimulated 28 cells
26 human 28 cells
27 blood 28 cells

furthermore , in human blood cells , il - 10 [was] slightly elevated indicating polarisation towards a regulatory [t] cell phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 10
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 10 10
2 , 3 in
3 in 6 cells
3 in 9 -
3 in 10 10
4 human 6 cells
5 blood 6 cells
6 cells 8 il
7 , 8 il
8 il 9 -
10 10 13 elevated
12 slightly 13 elevated
13 elevated 15 polarisation
13 elevated 16 towards
14 indicating 15 polarisation
16 towards 21 phenotype
17 a 18 regulatory
17 a 21 phenotype
18 regulatory 20 cell
20 cell 21 phenotype

these results provide further supportive evidence to justify the clinical evaluation of bm for managing diseases involving chronic systemic and brain inflammation driven by the innate immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 4 further
3 provide 6 evidence
3 provide 7 to
3 provide 14 for
5 supportive 6 evidence
7 to 8 justify
8 justify 11 evaluation
9 the 11 evaluation
10 clinical 11 evaluation
11 evaluation 12 of
12 of 13 bm
14 for 16 diseases
15 managing 16 diseases
16 diseases 17 involving
16 diseases 23 driven
17 involving 22 inflammation
18 chronic 22 inflammation
19 systemic 20 and
20 and 21 brain
20 and 22 inflammation
23 driven 24 by
24 by 28 system
25 the 28 system
26 innate 28 system
27 immune 28 system

none although highly effective , warfarin use is complicated by its unpredictable narrow therapeutic window , genetic heterogeneity in [pharmacokinetic] response , numerous food and drug interactions , and the need [for] regular international normalized ratio ( inr ) monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 none 7 use
1 none 8 is
1 none 25 and
2 although 7 use
3 highly 4 effective
4 effective 5 ,
4 effective 6 warfarin
6 warfarin 7 use
7 use 8 is
9 complicated 10 by
9 complicated 24 food
9 complicated 25 and
10 by 15 window
11 its 15 window
12 unpredictable 15 window
13 narrow 15 window
14 therapeutic 15 window
15 window 18 heterogeneity
16 , 18 heterogeneity
17 genetic 18 heterogeneity
18 heterogeneity 21 response
18 heterogeneity 22 ,
19 in 21 response
23 numerous 24 food
25 and 26 drug
26 drug 40 monitoring
27 interactions 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 36 ratio
29 and 38 inr
29 and 40 monitoring
30 the 36 ratio
31 need 35 normalized
33 regular 34 international
34 international 35 normalized
35 normalized 36 ratio
37 ( 38 inr
38 inr 39 )

currently , several novel oral anticoagulant ( noac ) drugs ( dabigatran , rivaroxaban , apixaban ) are available on the market as alternatives to warfarin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 currently 2 ,
1 currently 10 drugs
3 several 10 drugs
4 novel 10 drugs
5 oral 10 drugs
6 anticoagulant 8 noac
6 anticoagulant 9 )
6 anticoagulant 10 drugs
7 ( 8 noac
8 noac 9 )
10 drugs 16 apixaban
10 drugs 18 are
11 ( 16 apixaban
12 dabigatran 13 ,
12 dabigatran 16 apixaban
14 rivaroxaban 15 ,
14 rivaroxaban 16 apixaban
16 apixaban 17 )
18 are 19 available
19 available 20 on
19 available 23 as
19 available 25 to
20 on 22 market
21 the 22 market
23 as 24 alternatives
25 to 26 warfarin

these agents all feature more predictable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties than warfarin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 agents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 feature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 agents
2 agents 4 feature
3 all 4 feature
4 feature 10 properties
4 feature 11 than
5 more 6 predictable
6 predictable 10 properties
7 pharmacodynamic 8 and
8 and 9 pharmacokinetic
8 and 10 properties
11 than 12 warfarin

however , there are other considerations regarding the use of noacs that must be taken into account during management of therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 considerations
5 other 6 considerations
6 considerations 7 regarding
6 considerations 10 of
7 regarding 9 use
8 the 9 use
10 of 11 noacs
11 noacs 12 that
11 noacs 13 must
12 that 13 must
13 must 14 be
14 be 15 taken
15 taken 17 account
15 taken 18 during
16 into 17 account
18 during 19 management
19 management 20 of
20 of 21 therapy

in contrast to warfarin , most noacs need dosage adjustments in renal impairment and [are] contraindicated in severe liver impairment , and there are no specific antidotes for treating noac - related over [-] anticoagulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 noacs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 noacs
2 contrast 3 to
3 to 4 warfarin
6 most 7 noacs
7 noacs 14 and
8 need 10 adjustments
8 need 11 in
8 need 14 and
9 dosage 10 adjustments
11 in 13 impairment
12 renal 13 impairment
14 and 16 contraindicated
16 contraindicated 17 in
16 contraindicated 20 impairment
17 in 19 liver
18 severe 19 liver
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 there
22 and 24 are
23 there 24 are
24 are 27 antidotes
25 no 27 antidotes
26 specific 27 antidotes
27 antidotes 28 for
28 for 29 treating
29 treating 30 noac
30 noac 32 related
31 - 32 related
32 related 33 over
32 related 36 .
33 over 35 anticoagulation

the more frequent dosing needed for noacs may reduce adherence [,] especially [in] elderly patients with polypharmacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dosing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 dosing
2 more 3 frequent
3 frequent 4 dosing
4 dosing 5 needed
4 dosing 8 may
5 needed 6 for
6 for 7 noacs
8 may 9 reduce
9 reduce 15 patients
9 reduce 16 with
10 adherence 15 patients
12 especially 14 elderly
14 elderly 15 patients
16 with 17 polypharmacy

furthermore , noacs , especially dabigatran , are not as well tolerated as warfarin in patients with gastrointestinal diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 noacs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 tolerated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 noacs
3 noacs 6 dabigatran
3 noacs 8 are
4 , 6 dabigatran
5 especially 6 dabigatran
6 dabigatran 7 ,
8 are 9 not
8 are 10 as
8 are 12 tolerated
10 as 11 well
12 tolerated 13 as
12 tolerated 15 in
12 tolerated 17 with
13 as 14 warfarin
15 in 16 patients
17 with 19 diseases
18 gastrointestinal 19 diseases

overall , the availability of the noacs has expanded the treatment armamentarium , but they are not without risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 availability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 expanded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 availability
3 the 4 availability
4 availability 5 of
4 availability 8 has
5 of 7 noacs
6 the 7 noacs
8 has 9 expanded
9 expanded 12 armamentarium
10 the 12 armamentarium
11 treatment 12 armamentarium
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 they
14 but 16 are
15 they 16 are
16 are 17 not
16 are 18 without
18 without 19 risk

cellular and organ metabolism affects organismal lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cellular
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
2 and 4 metabolism
2 and 5 affects
3 organ 4 metabolism
4 metabolism 5 affects
5 affects 7 lifespan
6 organismal 7 lifespan

aging is characterized by increased risks for metabolic disorders , with age - associated degenerative diseases exhibiting varying degrees of mitochondrial dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 characterized
3 characterized 4 by
4 by 6 risks
5 increased 6 risks
6 risks 7 for
6 risks 11 with
7 for 9 disorders
8 metabolic 9 disorders
10 , 11 with
11 with 12 age
11 with 13 -
13 - 16 diseases
14 associated 16 diseases
15 degenerative 16 diseases
16 diseases 17 exhibiting
17 exhibiting 22 dysfunction
18 varying 19 degrees
19 degrees 20 of
19 degrees 22 dysfunction
20 of 22 dysfunction
21 mitochondrial 22 dysfunction

the traditional view of the role of mitochondria generated reactive oxygen species ( ros ) in cellular aging , assumed to be causative and simply detrimental for a long time now , is in need of reassessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 view
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 3 view
2 traditional 3 view
3 view 4 of
3 view 7 of
3 view 16 in
3 view 33 is
4 of 6 role
5 the 6 role
7 of 12 species
8 mitochondria 12 species
9 generated 11 oxygen
10 reactive 11 oxygen
11 oxygen 12 species
12 species 14 ros
13 ( 14 ros
14 ros 15 )
16 in 18 aging
17 cellular 18 aging
18 aging 20 assumed
19 , 20 assumed
20 assumed 21 to
20 assumed 32 ,
21 to 22 be
22 be 24 and
23 causative 24 and
24 and 25 simply
24 and 26 detrimental
26 detrimental 27 for
26 detrimental 31 now
27 for 30 time
28 a 29 long
28 a 30 time
29 long 30 time
33 is 34 in
34 in 35 need
35 need 36 of
36 of 37 reassessment

while there is little doubt that high levels of ros are detrimental , mounting evidence points toward a lifespan extension effect exerted by mild to moderate ros elevation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 doubt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 while 2 there
1 while 3 is
1 while 5 doubt
2 there 3 is
3 is 4 little
5 doubt 7 high
5 doubt 8 levels
5 doubt 11 are
6 that 7 high
8 levels 9 of
8 levels 11 are
9 of 10 ros
11 are 14 mounting
12 detrimental 13 ,
12 detrimental 14 mounting
14 mounting 15 evidence
14 mounting 23 by
14 mounting 24 mild
15 evidence 16 points
16 points 17 toward
17 toward 21 effect
18 a 21 effect
19 lifespan 20 extension
20 extension 21 effect
21 effect 22 exerted
22 exerted 23 by
24 mild 25 to
25 to 28 elevation
26 moderate 28 elevation
27 ros 28 elevation

dietary caloric restriction , inhibition of insulin - like growth factor [-] i signaling , and inhibition of the nutrient - [sensing] mechanistic target of rapamycin are robust longevity - promoting interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 are
1 dietary 3 restriction
2 caloric 3 restriction
3 restriction 4 ,
4 , 5 inhibition
4 , 16 and
5 inhibition 6 of
6 of 7 insulin
7 insulin 9 like
8 - 9 like
9 like 11 factor
9 like 15 ,
10 growth 11 factor
11 factor 13 i
11 factor 14 signaling
16 and 17 inhibition
16 and 18 of
16 and 27 are
18 of 24 target
19 the 24 target
20 nutrient 21 -
20 nutrient 24 target
23 mechanistic 24 target
24 target 25 of
25 of 26 rapamycin
27 are 29 longevity
27 are 31 promoting
28 robust 29 longevity
30 - 31 promoting
31 promoting 32 interventions
31 promoting 33 .

all of these appear to elicit mitochondrial retrograde signaling processes ( defined as signaling from the mitochondria to the rest of the cell , for example , the mitochondrial unfolded protein response , or upr ( mt ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 3 these
2 of 3 these
3 these 4 appear
4 appear 5 to
4 appear 6 elicit
5 to 6 elicit
6 elicit 10 processes
6 elicit 12 defined
7 mitochondrial 10 processes
8 retrograde 10 processes
9 signaling 10 processes
11 ( 12 defined
12 defined 13 as
12 defined 15 from
12 defined 39 )
13 as 14 signaling
15 from 17 mitochondria
16 the 17 mitochondria
17 mitochondria 18 to
17 mitochondria 21 of
17 mitochondria 26 example
18 to 20 rest
19 the 20 rest
21 of 23 cell
22 the 23 cell
24 , 26 example
25 for 26 example
26 example 27 ,
26 example 34 or
26 example 39 )
28 the 32 response
29 mitochondrial 31 protein
30 unfolded 31 protein
31 protein 32 response
32 response 34 or
33 , 34 or
34 or 35 upr
34 or 37 mt
36 ( 37 mt
37 mt 38 )

the effects of mitochondrial retrograde signaling may even spread to other cells/tissues in a noncell autonomous manner by yet unidentified signaling mediators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 spread
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 7 may
3 of 6 signaling
4 mitochondrial 6 signaling
5 retrograde 6 signaling
7 may 9 spread
8 even 9 spread
9 spread 10 to
9 spread 13 in
9 spread 18 by
10 to 12 cells/tissues
11 other 12 cells/tissues
13 in 17 manner
14 a 15 noncell
14 a 17 manner
15 noncell 17 manner
16 autonomous 17 manner
18 by 22 mediators
19 yet 20 unidentified
20 unidentified 22 mediators
21 signaling 22 mediators

multiple recent publications support the notion that [an] evolutionarily conserved , mitochondria - initiated signaling is central to the genetic and epigenetic regulation of cellular aging and organismal lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 publications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 multiple 3 publications
2 recent 3 publications
3 publications 4 support
4 support 6 notion
5 the 6 notion
6 notion 10 conserved
7 that 9 evolutionarily
9 evolutionarily 10 conserved
10 conserved 11 ,
10 conserved 12 mitochondria
13 - 15 signaling
13 - 16 is
13 - 30 .
14 initiated 15 signaling
15 signaling 16 is
16 is 17 central
17 central 18 to
18 to 27 and
19 the 23 regulation
20 genetic 21 and
21 and 22 epigenetic
21 and 23 regulation
23 regulation 24 of
23 regulation 27 and
24 of 26 aging
25 cellular 26 aging
27 and 29 lifespan
28 organismal 29 lifespan

none background : whether the association between body mass index [(] bmi [ )(and all - cause mortality for older adults is the same as for younger adults is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 3 :
1 none 29 is
2 background 3 :
3 : 4 whether
3 : 25 as
4 whether 6 association
4 whether 22 is
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 between
6 association 22 is
7 between 18 mortality
8 body 9 mass
9 mass 10 index
10 index 18 mortality
12 bmi 14 )(and
14 )(and 15 all
14 )(and 16 -
14 )(and 18 mortality
17 cause 18 mortality
18 mortality 19 for
19 for 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
22 is 24 same
23 the 24 same
25 as 26 for
26 for 28 adults
27 younger 28 adults
29 is 30 unclear

objective : the objective was to determine the association between bmi and all - cause mortality risk in adults ≥65 [y] of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 objective
2 : 5 was
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 was
5 was 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 12 and
7 determine 15 cause
8 the 9 association
9 association 10 between
9 association 12 and
10 between 11 bmi
12 and 13 all
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 cause
15 cause 17 risk
16 mortality 17 risk
17 risk 18 in
18 in 20 ≥65
19 adults 20 ≥65
20 ≥65 22 of
22 of 23 age

results : thirty - two studies met the inclusion criteria ; these studies included 197,940 individuals with an average follow - up [of] 12 [y] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 studies
2 : 7 met
2 : 11 ;
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 studies
6 studies 7 met
7 met 10 criteria
8 the 10 criteria
9 inclusion 10 criteria
11 ; 13 studies
11 ; 14 included
11 ; 21 -
12 these 13 studies
13 studies 14 included
14 included 15 197,940
15 197,940 16 individuals
15 197,940 20 follow
16 individuals 17 with
16 individuals 20 follow
17 with 19 average
18 an 19 average
21 - 22 up
21 - 26 .
22 up 24 12

mortality risk began to increase for bmi >33.0 [ bmi of 33.0 - 33.9 ; hr ( 95 % ci ) : 1.08 ( 1.00 , 1.15 ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 began
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 mortality 2 risk
2 risk 3 began
3 began 4 to
3 began 6 for
4 to 5 increase
6 for 8 >33.0
7 bmi 8 >33.0
8 >33.0 10 bmi
9 [ 10 bmi
10 bmi 11 of
10 bmi 15 ;
11 of 13 -
12 33.0 13 -
13 - 14 33.9
15 ; 16 hr
15 ; 22 :
16 hr 20 ci
16 hr 22 :
17 ( 20 ci
18 95 20 ci
19 % 20 ci
20 ci 21 )
22 : 23 1.08
23 1.08 25 1.00
24 ( 25 1.00
25 1.00 27 1.15
25 1.00 29 ]
26 , 27 1.15
27 1.15 28 )

self - reported anthropometric measurements , adjustment for intermediary factors , and exclusion of early deaths or preexisting disease did not markedly alter the associations , although there was [a] slight attenuation of the association [in] never - smokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 self 5 measurements
1 self 12 and
2 - 5 measurements
3 reported 5 measurements
4 anthropometric 5 measurements
5 measurements 7 adjustment
5 measurements 11 ,
6 , 7 adjustment
7 adjustment 8 for
7 adjustment 11 ,
8 for 10 factors
9 intermediary 10 factors
12 and 13 exclusion
12 and 14 of
12 and 20 did
14 of 17 or
15 early 16 deaths
16 deaths 17 or
17 or 19 disease
18 preexisting 19 disease
20 did 21 not
20 did 23 alter
22 markedly 23 alter
23 alter 25 associations
23 alter 27 although
24 the 25 associations
26 , 27 although
27 although 28 there
28 there 29 was
29 was 32 attenuation
29 was 37 never
31 slight 32 attenuation
32 attenuation 33 of
33 of 35 association
34 the 35 association
38 - 39 smokers

conclusions : for older populations , being overweight was not found to be associated with an increased risk of mortality ; however , there was an increased risk for those at the lower end of the recommended bmi range for adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 7 being
2 : 11 found
2 : 21 ;
3 for 5 populations
3 for 6 ,
3 for 7 being
4 older 5 populations
7 being 8 overweight
7 being 9 was
9 was 10 not
9 was 11 found
11 found 12 to
11 found 15 with
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 associated
15 with 18 risk
16 an 18 risk
17 increased 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 20 mortality
21 ; 24 there
21 ; 25 was
22 however 23 ,
22 however 24 there
24 there 25 was
25 was 28 risk
26 an 28 risk
27 increased 28 risk
28 risk 29 for
28 risk 35 of
29 for 30 those
30 those 31 at
31 at 34 end
32 the 34 end
33 lower 34 end
35 of 39 range
36 the 39 range
37 recommended 39 range
38 bmi 39 range
39 range 40 for
40 for 41 adults

because the risk of mortality increased in older people with a bmi < 23.0 , it would seem appropriate to monitor weight status in this group to address any modifiable causes of weight loss promptly with due consideration of individual comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 monitor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 because 3 risk
1 because 13 <
1 because 15 ,
1 because 16 it
2 the 3 risk
3 risk 4 of
3 risk 7 in
3 risk 13 <
4 of 5 mortality
5 mortality 6 increased
7 in 9 people
8 older 9 people
9 people 10 with
10 with 12 bmi
11 a 12 bmi
13 < 14 23.0
16 it 17 would
17 would 18 seem
18 seem 19 appropriate
19 appropriate 20 to
19 appropriate 21 monitor
20 to 21 monitor
21 monitor 23 status
21 monitor 24 in
21 monitor 27 to
22 weight 23 status
24 in 26 group
25 this 26 group
27 to 28 address
28 address 31 causes
28 address 35 promptly
28 address 36 with
29 any 31 causes
30 modifiable 31 causes
31 causes 32 of
32 of 34 loss
33 weight 34 loss
36 with 38 consideration
37 due 38 consideration
38 consideration 39 of
39 of 41 comorbidities
40 individual 41 comorbidities

background : excess weight is a major threat to public health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 weight
2 : 5 is
2 : 12 .
3 excess 4 weight
4 weight 5 is
5 is 8 threat
6 a 7 major
6 a 8 threat
7 major 8 threat
8 threat 9 to
9 to 11 health
10 public 11 health

an addiction [-] [like] tendency toward certain foods may contribute to overeating . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tendency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 an 2 addiction
1 an 5 tendency
2 addiction 5 tendency
5 tendency 6 toward
5 tendency 9 may
6 toward 8 foods
7 certain 8 foods
9 may 10 contribute
10 contribute 11 to
11 to 12 overeating

objective : we aimed to describe the prevalence and associated characteristics in relation to a food - addiction scale [in] middle - aged and older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 9 and
2 : 17 -
3 we 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
5 to 9 and
6 describe 8 prevalence
6 describe 9 and
7 the 8 prevalence
9 and 10 associated
9 and 11 characteristics
11 characteristics 14 to
12 in 13 relation
13 relation 14 to
14 to 16 food
15 a 16 food
17 - 21 middle
17 - 22 -
17 - 27 .
18 addiction 21 middle
19 scale 21 middle
22 - 26 women
23 aged 24 and
24 and 25 older
24 and 26 women

design : we examined the prevalence and associated characteristics of a food - addiction scale measure in a cross - sectional analysis of 134,175 women participating in 2 ongoing prospective cohort studies of us nurses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
2 : 20 -
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 16 measure
4 examined 17 in
5 the 16 measure
6 prevalence 7 and
7 and 9 characteristics
7 and 13 -
7 and 16 measure
8 associated 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 10 of
10 of 12 food
11 a 12 food
14 addiction 16 measure
15 scale 16 measure
17 in 19 cross
18 a 19 cross
20 - 22 analysis
21 sectional 22 analysis
22 analysis 23 of
22 analysis 27 in
23 of 25 women
24 134,175 25 women
25 women 26 participating
27 in 32 studies
28 2 32 studies
29 ongoing 31 cohort
30 prospective 31 cohort
31 cohort 32 studies
32 studies 33 of
33 of 35 nurses
34 us 35 nurses

results : overall , 7839 ( 5.8 % ) of the women surveyed met the criteria for food addiction measured by using the modified yale food addiction scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 overall
3 overall 5 7839
3 overall 10 of
4 , 5 7839
5 7839 8 %
5 7839 9 )
6 ( 8 %
7 5.8 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 of 12 women
11 the 12 women
12 women 13 surveyed
12 women 14 met
12 women 16 criteria
12 women 20 measured
15 the 16 criteria
16 criteria 17 for
16 criteria 20 measured
17 for 19 addiction
18 food 19 addiction
20 measured 21 by
21 by 22 using
22 using 28 scale
23 the 28 scale
24 modified 28 scale
25 yale 26 food
26 food 27 addiction
27 addiction 28 scale

the prevalence of food addiction was 8.4 % in the younger cohort of women aged 45 - 64 [y] and 2.7 % in the older cohort of women aged 62 - 88 y . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 6 was
3 of 5 addiction
4 food 5 addiction
6 was 22 %
7 8.4 8 %
7 8.4 20 and
8 % 9 in
8 % 13 of
8 % 15 aged
9 in 12 cohort
10 the 12 cohort
11 younger 12 cohort
13 of 14 women
15 aged 17 -
16 45 17 -
17 - 18 64
20 and 21 2.7
20 and 22 %
22 % 23 in
23 in 26 cohort
24 the 26 cohort
25 older 26 cohort
26 cohort 27 of
27 of 28 women
28 women 29 aged
29 aged 30 62
30 62 31 -
31 - 32 88
32 88 33 y

several other demographic characteristics and other factors were associated with the food - addiction [measure] in both cohorts of women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 several 2 other
2 other 4 characteristics
3 demographic 4 characteristics
4 characteristics 5 and
5 and 7 factors
5 and 8 were
6 other 7 factors
8 were 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 food
11 the 12 food
13 - 14 addiction
14 addiction 16 in
14 addiction 19 of
16 in 18 cohorts
17 both 18 cohorts
19 of 20 women

conclusions : to our knowledge , for the first time in a large , us - based population of women , we documented the prevalence of food addiction by using a novel measurement scale [in] middle - aged and older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 22 we
2 : 23 documented
2 : 37 -
3 to 5 knowledge
3 to 22 we
4 our 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 7 for
6 , 7 for
7 for 10 time
7 for 21 ,
8 the 9 first
8 the 10 time
10 time 11 in
10 time 19 of
11 in 18 population
12 a 13 large
12 a 18 population
13 large 15 us
13 large 18 population
14 , 15 us
15 us 16 -
17 based 18 population
19 of 20 women
22 we 23 documented
23 documented 25 prevalence
24 the 25 prevalence
25 prevalence 26 of
25 prevalence 29 by
26 of 28 addiction
27 food 28 addiction
29 by 30 using
30 using 36 middle
31 a 36 middle
32 novel 33 measurement
33 measurement 36 middle
34 scale 36 middle
37 - 41 women
38 aged 39 and
39 and 40 older
39 and 41 women

the results may provide insight into the strong association between behavioral attributes of food consumption and the development of obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 may
3 may 4 provide
4 provide 5 insight
4 provide 6 into
4 provide 10 between
6 into 9 association
7 the 9 association
8 strong 9 association
10 between 12 attributes
11 behavioral 12 attributes
12 attributes 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 food 15 consumption
15 consumption 16 and
16 and 18 development
16 and 19 of
17 the 18 development
19 of 20 obesity

current housing shortage in italy is forcing a growing number of individuals to use as living environment spaces that were originally devoted to other purposes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 current
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 current 2 housing
1 current 4 in
1 current 6 is
2 housing 3 shortage
4 in 5 italy
6 is 7 forcing
7 forcing 12 individuals
7 forcing 13 to
8 a 10 number
9 growing 10 number
10 number 11 of
10 number 12 individuals
11 of 12 individuals
13 to 14 use
14 use 18 spaces
15 as 16 living
16 living 18 spaces
17 environment 18 spaces
18 spaces 19 that
18 spaces 20 were
19 that 20 were
20 were 21 originally
20 were 22 devoted
22 devoted 23 to
23 to 25 purposes
24 other 25 purposes

among such spaces , semi - basements hold a particular relevance because of their specific characteristics and their effects on human health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 basements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 hold
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 among 3 spaces
1 among 4 ,
1 among 7 basements
2 such 3 spaces
5 semi 6 -
5 semi 7 basements
7 basements 8 hold
8 hold 11 relevance
8 hold 12 because
8 hold 20 on
9 a 10 particular
9 a 11 relevance
10 particular 11 relevance
12 because 13 of
13 of 17 and
14 their 16 characteristics
15 specific 16 characteristics
16 characteristics 17 and
17 and 19 effects
18 their 19 effects
20 on 22 health
21 human 22 health

the authors analyse the relatively scarce legislation about this topic at both national and regional level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 analyse
3 analyse 7 legislation
3 analyse 8 about
3 analyse 11 at
4 the 7 legislation
5 relatively 6 scarce
6 scarce 7 legislation
8 about 10 topic
9 this 10 topic
11 at 14 and
12 both 14 and
13 national 14 and
14 and 16 level
15 regional 16 level

the local building codes of the ten most populous cities of italy are reviewed , assessing whether the use of semi - basements as living spaces is allowed and , if so , [which] restrictions and requirements are imposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 codes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 4 codes
2 local 4 codes
3 building 4 codes
4 codes 5 of
4 codes 13 are
5 of 10 cities
6 the 7 ten
7 ten 10 cities
8 most 9 populous
9 populous 10 cities
10 cities 11 of
11 of 12 italy
13 are 14 reviewed
15 , 16 assessing
15 , 28 allowed
15 , 29 and
16 assessing 17 whether
16 assessing 27 is
17 whether 19 use
17 whether 26 spaces
18 the 19 use
19 use 20 of
19 use 25 living
19 use 26 spaces
20 of 23 basements
21 semi 22 -
21 semi 23 basements
24 as 25 living
27 is 28 allowed
29 and 30 ,
29 and 36 and
29 and 39 imposed
30 , 32 so
31 if 32 so
32 so 33 ,
32 so 36 and
35 restrictions 36 and
36 and 37 requirements
36 and 38 are
38 are 39 imposed

the authors conclude that , on one hand , further research is strongly needed to estimate the amount of exposed population and their health risk , on the other the existing legislation on the topic is often discretionary and deeply unhomogeneous across the country . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 conclude
3 conclude 4 that
3 conclude 6 on
5 , 6 on
6 on 8 hand
6 on 9 ,
7 one 8 hand
9 , 11 research
9 , 16 estimate
9 , 26 ,
10 further 11 research
11 research 12 is
12 is 14 needed
13 strongly 14 needed
14 needed 15 to
15 to 16 estimate
16 estimate 22 and
17 the 18 amount
18 amount 19 of
18 amount 21 population
19 of 21 population
20 exposed 21 population
21 population 22 and
22 and 25 risk
23 their 25 risk
24 health 25 risk
26 , 27 on
26 , 36 is
27 on 29 other
27 on 36 is
28 the 29 other
30 the 32 legislation
31 existing 32 legislation
32 legislation 33 on
32 legislation 36 is
33 on 35 topic
34 the 35 topic
36 is 37 often
36 is 39 and
38 discretionary 39 and
39 and 41 unhomogeneous
40 deeply 41 unhomogeneous
41 unhomogeneous 42 across
42 across 44 country
43 the 44 country

background : diffusion tensor imaging can evaluate white matter [function] in human brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 diffusion
3 diffusion 5 imaging
3 diffusion 7 evaluate
4 tensor 5 imaging
5 imaging 6 can
6 can 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 matter
7 evaluate 11 in
8 white 9 matter
11 in 13 brain
12 human 13 brain

fractional anisotropy is the most important parameter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 anisotropy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 fractional 2 anisotropy
2 anisotropy 3 is
3 is 7 parameter
4 the 7 parameter
5 most 6 important
6 important 7 parameter

this study aimed to find regional reduction of fractional anisotropy ( fa ) with aging in the whole brain and the changing rules of anisotropy with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 find
4 to 5 find
5 find 7 reduction
5 find 19 brain
5 find 20 and
6 regional 7 reduction
7 reduction 8 of
7 reduction 14 with
8 of 10 anisotropy
9 fractional 10 anisotropy
10 anisotropy 12 fa
11 ( 12 fa
12 fa 13 )
14 with 15 aging
15 aging 16 in
16 in 18 whole
17 the 18 whole
20 and 22 changing
20 and 23 rules
21 the 22 changing
23 rules 24 of
23 rules 26 with
24 of 25 anisotropy
26 with 27 aging

methods : fifty volunteers from 20 to 75 years old were divided into five consecutive age groups ; a young group and four senior groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 volunteers
2 : 12 divided
2 : 18 ;
3 fifty 4 volunteers
4 volunteers 7 to
4 volunteers 10 old
4 volunteers 11 were
5 from 7 to
6 20 7 to
7 to 8 75
8 75 9 years
9 years 10 old
11 were 12 divided
12 divided 13 into
13 into 17 groups
14 five 17 groups
15 consecutive 17 groups
16 age 17 groups
18 ; 22 and
19 a 20 young
19 a 21 group
20 young 21 group
21 group 22 and
22 and 25 groups
23 four 25 groups
24 senior 25 groups

fa values were calculated with diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) studio software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 fa 2 values
2 values 3 were
3 were 4 calculated
4 calculated 5 with
5 with 8 imaging
5 with 13 software
6 diffusion 8 imaging
7 tensor 8 imaging
8 imaging 10 dti
9 ( 10 dti
10 dti 11 )
12 studio 13 software

the difference of fa between the young group and the four senior groups were analyzed by analysis of voxel - level height [threshold] in statistic parametric mapping ( spm ) , and the regions with decreased fa were obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 of
2 difference 9 and
3 of 4 fa
4 fa 5 between
5 between 8 group
6 the 8 group
7 young 8 group
9 and 13 groups
9 and 14 were
10 the 11 four
11 four 13 groups
12 senior 13 groups
14 were 15 analyzed
15 analyzed 16 by
16 by 17 analysis
17 analysis 18 of
17 analysis 22 height
18 of 19 voxel
20 - 22 height
21 level 22 height
22 height 24 in
22 height 31 ,
24 in 27 mapping
25 statistic 26 parametric
26 parametric 27 mapping
27 mapping 29 spm
28 ( 29 spm
29 spm 30 )
32 and 34 regions
32 and 39 obtained
33 the 34 regions
34 regions 35 with
34 regions 38 were
35 with 37 fa
36 decreased 37 fa
38 were 39 obtained

the fa values of these regions were then extracted using an in - house developed program , and a multiple linear regression model was built to assess the influence of age and sex on the fa values of these regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 the 3 values
2 fa 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 7 were
4 of 6 regions
5 these 6 regions
7 were 8 then
7 were 9 extracted
9 extracted 10 using
10 using 12 in
11 an 12 in
13 - 16 program
13 - 18 and
13 - 32 and
13 - 41 .
14 house 15 developed
15 developed 16 program
17 , 18 and
18 and 23 model
18 and 25 built
19 a 23 model
20 multiple 22 regression
21 linear 22 regression
22 regression 23 model
23 model 24 was
24 was 25 built
25 built 26 to
26 to 32 and
27 assess 29 influence
27 assess 32 and
28 the 29 influence
29 influence 30 of
30 of 31 age
32 and 33 sex
32 and 34 on
34 on 37 values
35 the 37 values
36 fa 37 values
37 values 38 of
38 of 40 regions
39 these 40 regions

results : eight regions , including frontal lobe , postcentral gyrus , optic radiation , hippocampus , cerebella hemisphere , corona [radiate] , corpus callosum and internal capsule , were found to have decreased fa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 26 and
2 : 31 found
2 : 36 .
3 eight 4 regions
4 regions 5 ,
5 , 8 lobe
5 , 9 ,
6 including 8 lobe
7 frontal 8 lobe
9 , 11 gyrus
9 , 12 ,
10 postcentral 11 gyrus
12 , 14 radiation
12 , 15 ,
13 optic 14 radiation
15 , 16 hippocampus
15 , 17 ,
17 , 19 hemisphere
17 , 20 ,
18 cerebella 19 hemisphere
20 , 21 corona
20 , 23 ,
23 , 25 callosum
23 , 26 and
24 corpus 25 callosum
26 and 28 capsule
26 and 29 ,
26 and 30 were
27 internal 28 capsule
30 were 31 found
31 found 32 to
32 to 33 have
33 have 34 decreased
34 decreased 35 fa

there was a strong negative correlation between age and the fa in the frontal lobe , postcentral gyrus , optic radiation , hippocampus , and cerebella hemisphere , while a weaker negative correlation in the corona [radiate] , corpus callosum , and internal capsule was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 6 correlation
2 was 12 in
2 was 29 while
3 a 4 strong
3 a 6 correlation
4 strong 6 correlation
5 negative 6 correlation
6 correlation 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 age 9 and
9 and 11 fa
10 the 11 fa
12 in 15 lobe
13 the 15 lobe
14 frontal 15 lobe
15 lobe 18 gyrus
15 lobe 21 radiation
15 lobe 25 and
16 , 18 gyrus
17 postcentral 18 gyrus
18 gyrus 19 ,
19 , 21 radiation
20 optic 21 radiation
21 radiation 22 ,
22 , 25 and
23 hippocampus 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 hemisphere
25 and 28 ,
26 cerebella 27 hemisphere
29 while 33 correlation
29 while 46 found
30 a 33 correlation
31 weaker 33 correlation
32 negative 33 correlation
33 correlation 34 in
33 correlation 45 was
34 in 42 and
35 the 36 corona
36 corona 38 ,
38 , 40 callosum
38 , 42 and
39 corpus 40 callosum
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 capsule
43 internal 44 capsule
45 was 46 found

the fa reduction in the frontal lobe , postcentral gyrus , optic radiation , hippocampus and cerebella hemisphere were found earlier than in the corona [radiate] , corpus callosum and internal capsule . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 reduction
2 fa 3 reduction
3 reduction 4 in
3 reduction 8 ,
4 in 7 lobe
5 the 7 lobe
6 frontal 7 lobe
8 , 10 gyrus
8 , 11 ,
9 postcentral 10 gyrus
11 , 13 radiation
11 , 14 ,
12 optic 13 radiation
14 , 15 hippocampus
14 , 16 and
16 and 18 hemisphere
16 and 19 were
17 cerebella 18 hemisphere
19 were 20 found
20 found 21 earlier
20 found 22 than
22 than 23 in
23 in 30 and
24 the 25 corona
25 corona 27 ,
27 , 29 callosum
27 , 30 and
28 corpus 29 callosum
30 and 32 capsule
31 internal 32 capsule

there was no correlation between sex and fa in these regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 correlation
3 no 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 between
5 between 7 and
6 sex 7 and
7 and 8 fa
7 and 9 in
9 in 11 regions
10 these 11 regions

conclusions : the fa in the subcortical white matter area reduces earlier than that in deep white matter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 fa
2 : 5 in
2 : 15 in
3 the 4 fa
5 in 9 matter
6 the 9 matter
7 subcortical 9 matter
8 white 9 matter
9 matter 10 area
9 matter 11 reduces
10 area 11 reduces
11 reduces 12 earlier
11 reduces 13 than
13 than 14 that
15 in 18 matter
16 deep 17 white
17 white 18 matter

the areas with decreased fa continuously enlarge [with] aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 enlarge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 areas
2 areas 3 with
2 areas 7 enlarge
3 with 5 fa
4 decreased 5 fa
6 continuously 7 enlarge
7 enlarge 9 aging

the fas in these regions have a strong negative correlation with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 fas
2 fas 3 in
2 fas 6 have
3 in 5 regions
4 these 5 regions
6 have 10 correlation
6 have 11 with
7 a 8 strong
7 a 10 correlation
8 strong 10 correlation
9 negative 10 correlation
11 with 12 age

purpose of the study : to describe key adaptive challenges and leadership behaviors to implement culture change for person [-] directed care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 the
3 the 4 study
5 : 6 to
5 : 7 describe
5 : 11 and
5 : 23 .
6 to 7 describe
7 describe 10 challenges
8 key 10 challenges
9 adaptive 10 challenges
11 and 13 behaviors
11 and 16 culture
12 leadership 13 behaviors
13 behaviors 14 to
13 behaviors 15 implement
13 behaviors 16 culture
14 to 15 implement
16 culture 17 change
17 change 18 for
18 for 22 care
19 person 21 directed
21 directed 22 care

design and methods : the study design was a qualitative , observational study of nursing home staff perceptions of the implementation of culture change in each of 3 nursing homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 design
4 : 8 was
4 : 31 .
5 the 7 design
6 study 7 design
7 design 8 was
8 was 13 study
9 a 10 qualitative
9 a 13 study
10 qualitative 11 ,
10 qualitative 13 study
12 observational 13 study
13 study 14 of
13 study 19 of
13 study 29 nursing
14 of 15 nursing
15 nursing 18 perceptions
16 home 18 perceptions
17 staff 18 perceptions
19 of 21 implementation
20 the 21 implementation
21 implementation 22 of
21 implementation 25 in
21 implementation 27 of
22 of 24 change
23 culture 24 change
25 in 26 each
27 of 28 3
29 nursing 30 homes

we conducted 7 focus groups of licensed [and] unlicensed nursing staff , medical care providers , and administrators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 5 groups
3 7 5 groups
4 focus 5 groups
5 groups 6 of
6 of 17 and
7 licensed 10 nursing
9 unlicensed 10 nursing
10 nursing 11 staff
11 staff 12 ,
12 , 15 providers
12 , 17 and
13 medical 15 providers
14 care 15 providers
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 administrators

questions explored perceptions of facilitators and barriers to culture change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 questions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 questions 2 explored
2 explored 3 perceptions
2 explored 8 to
3 perceptions 4 of
4 of 6 and
5 facilitators 6 and
6 and 7 barriers
8 to 9 culture
9 culture 10 change

using a template organizing style of analysis with immersion/crystallization , themes of barriers and facilitators were coded for adaptive challenges and leadership . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 coded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 using 3 template
1 using 10 ,
1 using 11 themes
2 a 3 template
3 template 4 organizing
4 organizing 5 style
4 organizing 8 with
5 style 6 of
6 of 7 analysis
8 with 9 immersion/crystallization
11 themes 12 of
11 themes 16 were
12 of 14 and
13 barriers 14 and
14 and 15 facilitators
16 were 17 coded
17 coded 18 for
18 for 21 and
19 adaptive 20 challenges
20 challenges 21 and
21 and 22 leadership

results : six key themes emerged , including relationships , standards and expectations , motivation and vision , workload , respect of personhood , and physical environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 5 themes
2 : 6 emerged
2 : 10 ,
3 six 5 themes
4 key 5 themes
5 themes 6 emerged
6 emerged 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 9 relationships
8 including 10 ,
10 , 16 and
10 , 19 workload
10 , 20 ,
11 standards 12 and
12 and 13 expectations
12 and 14 ,
14 , 15 motivation
14 , 16 and
16 and 17 vision
16 and 18 ,
16 and 19 workload
20 , 25 and
21 respect 22 of
21 respect 25 and
22 of 23 personhood
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 environment
26 physical 27 environment

within each theme , participants identified barriers that were adaptive challenges and facilitators that were examples of adaptive leadership . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 within 3 theme
1 within 4 ,
1 within 5 participants
2 each 3 theme
5 participants 6 identified
6 identified 7 barriers
7 barriers 8 that
7 barriers 9 were
8 that 9 were
9 were 12 and
10 adaptive 11 challenges
11 challenges 12 and
12 and 13 facilitators
12 and 14 that
12 and 15 were
14 that 15 were
15 were 16 examples
16 examples 17 of
17 of 19 leadership
18 adaptive 19 leadership

commonly identified challenges were [how] to provide person [-] directed care in the context of extant rules or policies or how to develop staff motivated to provide person - directed care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 challenges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 commonly 3 challenges
2 identified 3 challenges
3 challenges 4 were
4 were 6 to
4 were 7 provide
6 to 7 provide
7 provide 11 care
7 provide 12 in
8 person 10 directed
10 directed 11 care
12 in 14 context
13 the 14 context
14 context 15 of
15 of 18 or
16 extant 17 rules
17 rules 18 or
18 or 28 person
19 policies 20 or
20 or 21 how
20 or 22 to
20 or 27 provide
20 or 28 person
22 to 23 develop
23 develop 24 staff
24 staff 25 motivated
25 motivated 26 to
25 motivated 27 provide
26 to 27 provide
29 - 31 care
30 directed 31 care

implications : implementing culture change requires the recognition of adaptive challenges for which there are no technical solutions , but which require reframing of norms and expectations , and the development of novel and flexible solutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 implementing
2 : 6 requires
2 : 20 but
2 : 37 .
3 implementing 5 change
3 implementing 6 requires
4 culture 5 change
6 requires 8 recognition
7 the 8 recognition
8 recognition 9 of
9 of 11 challenges
9 of 14 there
9 of 15 are
10 adaptive 11 challenges
11 challenges 12 for
12 for 13 which
14 there 15 are
15 are 18 solutions
16 no 18 solutions
17 technical 18 solutions
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 which
20 but 22 require
21 which 22 require
22 require 29 and
23 reframing 24 of
23 reframing 26 and
24 of 25 norms
26 and 27 expectations
26 and 28 ,
26 and 29 and
29 and 31 development
29 and 32 of
30 the 31 development
32 of 36 solutions
33 novel 34 and
34 and 35 flexible
34 and 36 solutions

managers and administrators seeking to implement person - directed care will need to consider the role of adaptive leadership to address these adaptive challenges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 person
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 managers 2 and
2 and 4 seeking
2 and 5 to
2 and 6 implement
2 and 7 person
3 administrators 4 seeking
5 to 6 implement
8 - 10 care
8 - 12 need
8 - 25 .
9 directed 10 care
10 care 11 will
11 will 12 need
12 need 13 to
12 need 14 consider
13 to 14 consider
14 consider 16 role
14 consider 20 to
14 consider 21 address
15 the 16 role
16 role 17 of
17 of 19 leadership
18 adaptive 19 leadership
20 to 21 address
21 address 24 challenges
22 these 24 challenges
23 adaptive 24 challenges

increasing evidence underscores the health benefits of tai chi ( tc ) , although there is limited evidence of benefits among racial and ethnic minorities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 increasing 2 evidence
1 increasing 3 underscores
3 underscores 6 benefits
3 underscores 14 although
4 the 6 benefits
5 health 6 benefits
6 benefits 7 of
6 benefits 11 tc
7 of 9 chi
8 tai 9 chi
10 ( 11 tc
11 tc 12 )
13 , 14 although
14 although 15 there
15 there 16 is
16 is 18 evidence
17 limited 18 evidence
18 evidence 19 of
19 of 20 benefits
20 benefits 21 among
21 among 25 minorities
22 racial 23 and
23 and 24 ethnic
23 and 25 minorities

this study investigated the impact of psychosocial status on balance among 23 latino seniors after a [twice] - a - [week] [,] 12 - week tc exercise program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 impact
3 investigated 9 on
3 investigated 11 among
3 investigated 15 after
4 the 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
6 of 8 status
7 psychosocial 8 status
9 on 10 balance
11 among 14 seniors
12 23 14 seniors
13 latino 14 seniors
15 after 28 program
16 a 28 program
18 - 20 -
19 a 20 -
20 - 23 12
20 - 24 -
20 - 27 exercise
25 week 27 exercise
26 tc 27 exercise
27 exercise 28 program

functional status was measured at baseline , immediately [after] , and three months following the tc exercise program , using the timed up and go test and tinetti falls efficacy scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 functional 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 at
4 measured 8 immediately
5 at 6 baseline
7 , 8 immediately
8 immediately 10 ,
11 and 13 months
11 and 18 program
12 three 13 months
13 months 14 following
13 months 18 program
14 following 17 exercise
15 the 17 exercise
16 tc 17 exercise
18 program 20 using
19 , 20 using
20 using 31 scale
20 using 32 .
21 the 31 scale
22 timed 23 up
23 up 24 and
24 and 25 go
25 go 26 test
26 test 27 and
27 and 28 tinetti
28 tinetti 29 falls
29 falls 30 efficacy
30 efficacy 31 scale

psychosocial status was measured at baseline by the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale and norbeck social support questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 psychosocial 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 at
4 measured 7 by
4 measured 10 for
5 at 6 baseline
7 by 9 center
8 the 9 center
10 for 19 questionnaire
11 epidemiologic 12 studies
12 studies 13 depression
13 depression 14 scale
14 scale 15 and
15 and 16 norbeck
16 norbeck 17 social
17 social 18 support
18 support 19 questionnaire

both measures of functional status improved and were sustained after three months of tc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 both 2 measures
2 measures 3 of
2 measures 7 and
3 of 5 status
4 functional 5 status
6 improved 7 and
7 and 8 were
8 were 9 sustained
9 sustained 10 after
10 after 12 months
11 three 12 months
12 months 13 of
13 of 14 tc

greater improvement was significantly related to a higher level of baseline social support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 greater 2 improvement
2 improvement 3 was
3 was 5 related
4 significantly 5 related
5 related 6 to
6 to 9 level
7 a 9 level
8 higher 9 level
9 level 10 of
10 of 13 support
11 baseline 13 support
12 social 13 support

more depressed seniors reported less fear of falling after tc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seniors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 more 2 depressed
2 depressed 3 seniors
3 seniors 4 reported
4 reported 6 fear
5 less 6 fear
6 fear 7 of
7 of 8 falling
8 falling 9 after
9 after 10 tc

depression and social support are important moderators of functional improvement after tc among latino seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 depression 2 and
2 and 4 support
2 and 5 are
3 social 4 support
5 are 7 moderators
6 important 7 moderators
7 moderators 8 of
8 of 10 improvement
9 functional 10 improvement
10 improvement 11 after
11 after 12 tc
12 tc 13 among
13 among 15 seniors
14 latino 15 seniors

regular physical activity and exercise ( pa&e ) reduces cognitive aging , [may] delay dementia onset , and [for] persons with dementia , may slow progression and improve quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 regular 3 activity
2 physical 3 activity
3 activity 4 and
4 and 5 exercise
4 and 7 pa&e
4 and 23 ,
6 ( 7 pa&e
7 pa&e 8 )
9 reduces 18 and
9 reduces 21 with
9 reduces 23 ,
10 cognitive 11 aging
10 cognitive 12 ,
12 , 16 onset
12 , 18 and
14 delay 16 onset
15 dementia 16 onset
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 persons
21 with 22 dementia
23 , 24 may
24 may 27 and
25 slow 26 progression
25 slow 27 and
27 and 28 improve
27 and 29 quality
29 quality 30 of
30 of 31 life

memory clinic patients and caregivers described their pa&e and completed the older persons ' attitudes toward physical activity and exercise questionnaire ( opapaeq ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 memory 3 patients
2 clinic 3 patients
3 patients 4 and
4 and 5 caregivers
4 and 9 and
6 described 8 pa&e
6 described 9 and
7 their 8 pa&e
9 and 10 completed
10 completed 19 and
11 the 13 persons
12 older 13 persons
13 persons 14 '
14 ' 19 and
15 attitudes 16 toward
16 toward 17 physical
17 physical 18 activity
18 activity 19 and
19 and 23 opapaeq
20 exercise 21 questionnaire
21 questionnaire 23 opapaeq
22 ( 23 opapaeq
23 opapaeq 24 )

caregivers and patients differed in their pa&e attitudes : patients were less likely to believe in the importance of pa&e for health [promotion] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 caregivers 2 and
2 and 3 patients
2 and 4 differed
4 differed 5 in
5 in 8 attitudes
6 their 8 attitudes
7 pa&e 8 attitudes
9 : 10 patients
9 : 11 were
9 : 24 .
10 patients 11 were
11 were 13 likely
12 less 13 likely
13 likely 14 to
13 likely 16 in
14 to 15 believe
16 in 18 importance
17 the 18 importance
18 importance 19 of
19 of 20 pa&e
20 pa&e 21 for
21 for 22 health

pa&e attitudes were explored as predictors of self [-] reported exercise habits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attitudes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 pa&e 2 attitudes
2 attitudes 3 were
3 were 4 explored
4 explored 5 as
5 as 6 predictors
6 predictors 7 of
7 of 12 habits
8 self 10 reported
10 reported 11 exercise
11 exercise 12 habits

methods : data came from a longitudinal study tracking physical and cognitive function of 93 women with fms and included the most recent symptoms , activity levels , and fitness assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 29 and
3 data 19 and
3 data 29 and
4 came 5 from
4 came 19 and
5 from 11 and
6 a 7 longitudinal
6 a 8 study
7 longitudinal 8 study
8 study 9 tracking
8 study 11 and
9 tracking 10 physical
11 and 13 function
11 and 14 of
11 and 17 with
12 cognitive 13 function
14 of 16 women
15 93 16 women
17 with 18 fms
19 and 20 included
20 included 24 symptoms
21 the 24 symptoms
22 most 23 recent
23 recent 24 symptoms
24 symptoms 27 levels
25 , 27 levels
26 activity 27 levels
27 levels 28 ,
29 and 31 assessments
30 fitness 31 assessments

results : most women performed below criterion [-] referenced fitness standards for all measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 women
2 : 6 below
3 most 4 women
4 women 5 performed
6 below 11 standards
7 criterion 9 referenced
9 referenced 10 fitness
10 fitness 11 standards
11 standards 12 for
12 for 14 measures
13 all 14 measures

nearly 90 % percent of those < 70 years scored below the standard for lower body strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 percent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 nearly 2 90
2 90 4 percent
3 % 4 percent
4 percent 5 of
4 percent 10 scored
5 of 9 years
6 those 8 70
7 < 8 70
8 70 9 years
10 scored 11 below
11 below 13 standard
12 the 13 standard
13 standard 14 for
14 for 17 strength
15 lower 16 body
16 body 17 strength

only ~20 [%] of respondents < 70 years old met the criteria for aerobic endurance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 only 2 ~20
2 ~20 4 of
2 ~20 10 met
4 of 5 respondents
5 respondents 9 old
6 < 7 70
7 70 8 years
8 years 9 old
10 met 12 criteria
11 the 12 criteria
12 criteria 13 for
13 for 15 endurance
14 aerobic 15 endurance

a third of those aged over 70 met the standard in agility and dynamic balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 third
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 2 third
2 third 3 of
2 third 5 aged
2 third 8 met
3 of 4 those
5 aged 6 over
6 over 7 70
8 met 10 standard
8 met 11 in
9 the 10 standard
11 in 13 and
12 agility 13 and
13 and 15 balance
14 dynamic 15 balance

physical activity was positively associated with fitness performance , while pain and depression symptoms were negatively associated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 physical 2 activity
2 activity 3 was
3 was 4 positively
3 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 performance
7 fitness 8 performance
9 , 14 symptoms
9 , 17 associated
10 while 12 and
10 while 14 symptoms
11 pain 12 and
12 and 13 depression
14 symptoms 15 were
15 were 17 associated
16 negatively 17 associated

discussion : high proportions of women with fms do not meet fitness standards recommended for maintaining physical independence in late life , indicating a risk for disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 proportions
2 : 11 meet
3 high 4 proportions
4 proportions 5 of
4 proportions 9 do
5 of 6 women
6 women 7 with
7 with 8 fms
9 do 10 not
9 do 11 meet
11 meet 13 standards
12 fitness 13 standards
13 standards 14 recommended
13 standards 15 for
13 standards 19 in
15 for 16 maintaining
16 maintaining 18 independence
17 physical 18 independence
19 in 21 life
20 late 21 life
21 life 23 indicating
22 , 23 indicating
23 indicating 25 risk
23 indicating 28 .
24 a 25 risk
25 risk 26 for
26 for 27 disability

regular fitness assessments and targeted exercise interventions are warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 regular 2 fitness
2 fitness 3 assessments
3 assessments 4 and
4 and 7 interventions
4 and 8 are
5 targeted 6 exercise
6 exercise 7 interventions
8 are 9 warranted

this study compared [sit] to stand ( sts [ )(performance between older adults in a nine [-] week training program focusing on core stability exercises to enhance balance and postural control ( eb ) versus standard balance ( sb ) exercises . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 exercises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 compared
2 study 10 )(performance
2 study 41 exercises
3 compared 5 to
5 to 6 stand
7 ( 10 )(performance
8 sts 10 )(performance
10 )(performance 11 between
10 )(performance 14 in
10 )(performance 22 on
10 )(performance 40 )
11 between 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 in 20 program
15 a 20 program
16 nine 18 week
18 week 19 training
19 training 20 program
20 program 21 focusing
22 on 25 exercises
23 core 24 stability
24 stability 25 exercises
25 exercises 26 to
25 exercises 27 enhance
25 exercises 35 versus
26 to 27 enhance
27 enhance 29 and
28 balance 29 and
29 and 31 control
29 and 33 eb
30 postural 31 control
32 ( 33 eb
33 eb 34 )
35 versus 37 balance
36 standard 37 balance
37 balance 39 sb
38 ( 39 sb
39 sb 40 )

repetitions in 30 s ( stsreps [ )(and kinematic performance ( vertical and horizontal momentum , and margin of stability ) were measured pre and postintervention in 23 older adults with at least one fall risk factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 repetitions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 repetitions 2 in
1 repetitions 8 )(and
1 repetitions 22 were
2 in 4 s
3 30 4 s
5 ( 8 )(and
6 stsreps 8 )(and
8 )(and 10 performance
8 )(and 17 and
8 )(and 21 )
9 kinematic 10 performance
11 ( 17 and
12 vertical 13 and
13 and 15 momentum
13 and 17 and
14 horizontal 15 momentum
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 margin
17 and 19 of
17 and 21 )
19 of 20 stability
22 were 25 and
22 were 27 in
23 measured 24 pre
24 pre 25 and
25 and 26 postintervention
27 in 30 adults
28 23 30 adults
29 older 30 adults
30 adults 31 with
31 with 37 factor
32 at 33 least
33 least 34 one
34 one 37 factor
35 fall 37 factor
36 risk 37 factor

although both groups combined improved stsreps [(] p = . 001 [ )(and vertical momentum ( [.] 008 ) , a [significant] [between] - group difference was observed for completers [only] ( mancova of posttest group differences , with [pretest] scores as covariates [;] p = [.] 04 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 although 2 both
1 although 3 groups
3 groups 4 combined
3 groups 5 improved
5 improved 6 stsreps
6 stsreps 8 p
6 stsreps 9 =
8 p 9 =
10 . 11 001
10 . 13 )(and
13 )(and 15 momentum
14 vertical 15 momentum
15 momentum 18 008
15 momentum 24 -
15 momentum 27 was
16 ( 18 008
18 008 19 )
20 , 24 -
21 a 24 -
24 - 26 difference
25 group 26 difference
27 was 28 observed
28 observed 29 for
28 observed 39 with
29 for 30 completers
30 completers 33 mancova
32 ( 33 mancova
33 mancova 34 of
33 mancova 38 ,
34 of 37 differences
35 posttest 37 differences
36 group 37 differences
38 , 39 with
39 with 41 scores
39 with 50 )(
41 scores 42 as
41 scores 46 =
42 as 43 covariates
45 p 46 =
46 = 48 04

eb demonstrated a greater [but] nonsignificant improvement in vertical momentum ( p = [.] 095 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 eb 2 demonstrated
2 demonstrated 7 improvement
2 demonstrated 8 in
3 a 7 improvement
4 greater 7 improvement
6 nonsignificant 7 improvement
8 in 10 momentum
9 vertical 10 momentum
10 momentum 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 p 13 =
13 = 15 095
13 = 16 )

in conclusion , core stability training added to sb did not result in sts reps improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 10 did
3 , 7 added
4 core 6 training
5 stability 6 training
6 training 7 added
7 added 8 to
7 added 10 did
8 to 9 sb
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 result
12 result 13 in
13 in 16 improvement
14 sts 16 improvement
15 reps 16 improvement

compliance may modify these results and future larger sample studies should evaluate the impact of core stability training on sts biomechanics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 compliance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 compliance 2 may
2 may 6 and
3 modify 5 results
3 modify 6 and
4 these 5 results
6 and 12 evaluate
7 future 9 sample
8 larger 9 sample
9 sample 10 studies
10 studies 11 should
11 should 12 evaluate
12 evaluate 14 impact
12 evaluate 21 biomechanics
13 the 14 impact
14 impact 15 of
14 impact 21 biomechanics
15 of 18 training
16 core 18 training
17 stability 18 training
18 training 19 on
19 on 20 sts

introduction : the [march] 11 , 2011 disaster was unparalleled in the disaster history of japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 5 11
3 the 5 11
6 , 8 disaster
6 , 9 was
7 2011 8 disaster
8 disaster 9 was
9 was 10 unparalleled
10 unparalleled 11 in
11 in 14 history
12 the 14 history
13 disaster 14 history
14 history 15 of
15 of 16 japan

there is still enormous effort required in order for japan to recover from the damage , [not] only financially , but psychosocially . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 still
2 is 5 effort
3 still 4 enormous
4 enormous 5 effort
5 effort 6 required
6 required 7 in
6 required 9 for
6 required 22 psychosocially
7 in 8 order
9 for 10 japan
10 japan 11 to
10 japan 21 but
11 to 12 recover
12 recover 13 from
12 recover 19 financially
12 recover 21 but
13 from 15 damage
14 the 15 damage
16 , 18 only
16 , 19 financially
19 financially 20 ,

this paper is a review of the studies that have been undertaken since this disaster , [from] after the march 11th disaster in 2011 to the end of 2012 , and will provide an overview of the disaster - health research literature published during this period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 is
3 is 5 review
4 a 5 review
5 review 6 of
6 of 8 studies
7 the 8 studies
8 studies 9 that
8 studies 10 have
9 that 10 have
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 undertaken
12 undertaken 13 since
12 undertaken 18 after
13 since 15 disaster
14 this 15 disaster
16 , 18 after
18 after 31 and
18 after 33 provide
18 after 47 .
19 the 22 disaster
20 march 22 disaster
21 11th 22 disaster
22 disaster 23 in
22 disaster 28 of
22 disaster 31 and
23 in 24 2011
24 2011 25 to
25 to 27 end
26 the 27 end
28 of 29 2012
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 will
31 and 33 provide
33 provide 35 overview
34 an 35 overview
35 overview 36 of
36 of 38 disaster
37 the 38 disaster
38 disaster 42 literature
39 - 42 literature
40 health 41 research
41 research 42 literature
42 literature 43 published
42 literature 47 .
43 published 44 during
44 during 46 period
45 this 46 period

methods : the japanese database ichushi ver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 ver
3 the 5 database
4 japanese 5 database
5 database 7 ver
6 ichushi 7 ver

this database is the most frequently used database in japanese health - sciences research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 database
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 database
2 database 3 is
3 is 8 database
4 the 5 most
5 most 6 frequently
6 frequently 7 used
7 used 8 database
8 database 9 in
9 in 11 health
10 japanese 11 health
12 - 14 research
13 sciences 14 research

the keywords used in the search were " higashi nihon dai - shinsai " ( the great east japan earthquake ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 keywords
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 keywords
2 keywords 3 used
2 keywords 7 were
3 used 4 in
4 in 6 search
5 the 6 search
7 were 8 "
7 were 11 dai
9 higashi 10 nihon
10 nihon 11 dai
11 dai 13 shinsai
12 - 13 shinsai
13 shinsai 14 "
13 shinsai 20 earthquake
13 shinsai 21 )
15 ( 20 earthquake
16 the 20 earthquake
17 great 18 east
18 east 19 japan
19 japan 20 earthquake
20 earthquake 21 )

results : a total of 5,889 articles were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 6 5,889
6 5,889 7 articles
6 5,889 9 found
7 articles 8 were
8 were 9 found

within this selection , 163 articles were categorized as original research ( gencho ronbun ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 within 3 selection
1 within 4 ,
1 within 6 articles
2 this 3 selection
5 163 6 articles
6 articles 7 were
7 were 8 categorized
8 categorized 9 as
9 as 11 research
10 original 11 research
11 research 14 ronbun
12 ( 14 ronbun
13 gencho 14 ronbun
14 ronbun 15 )

the articles [were] then sorted and the top four key categories were as [follows] [:] medicine ( n = 98 ) , mental health ( n = 18 ) , nursing ( n = 13 ) , and disaster management ( n = 10 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 articles
2 articles 5 sorted
2 articles 6 and
4 then 5 sorted
6 and 8 top
6 and 11 categories
6 and 12 were
6 and 38 and
7 the 8 top
9 four 11 categories
10 key 11 categories
11 categories 12 were
12 were 13 as
13 as 16 medicine
16 medicine 19 =
16 medicine 24 health
16 medicine 31 nursing
17 ( 19 =
18 n 19 =
19 = 20 98
19 = 21 )
22 , 24 health
23 mental 24 health
24 health 27 =
24 health 30 ,
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 18
27 = 29 )
30 , 31 nursing
31 nursing 34 =
31 nursing 37 ,
32 ( 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 13
34 = 36 )
38 and 40 management
38 and 43 =
39 disaster 40 management
41 ( 43 =
42 n 43 =
43 = 44 10
43 = 45 )

additional categories were : nutrition ( n = 4 ) , public health ( n = 3 ) , radiology , preparedness , and pharmacology ( n = 2 for each category ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 additional
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 additional 2 categories
1 additional 3 were
1 additional 4 :
2 categories 3 were
4 : 5 nutrition
5 nutrition 8 =
5 nutrition 13 health
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 4
8 = 10 )
11 , 13 health
12 public 13 health
13 health 16 =
13 health 24 and
13 health 33 )
14 ( 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 17 3
16 = 18 )
19 , 24 and
20 radiology 21 ,
21 , 22 preparedness
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 pharmacology
24 and 28 =
24 and 33 )
26 ( 28 =
27 n 28 =
28 = 29 2
29 2 30 for
30 for 32 category
31 each 32 category

nine articles appeared with only one category label and were grouped as " others . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 nine 2 articles
2 articles 9 and
3 appeared 4 with
3 appeared 9 and
4 with 8 label
5 only 6 one
6 one 8 label
7 category 8 label
9 and 10 were
10 were 11 grouped
11 grouped 12 as
12 as 13 "
12 as 14 others
15 . 16 "

conclusion : this review provides the current status of disaster - health research following the great east japan earthquake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 review
2 : 5 provides
2 : 11 -
2 : 20 .
3 this 4 review
4 review 5 provides
5 provides 8 status
6 the 8 status
7 current 8 status
8 status 9 of
9 of 10 disaster
11 - 13 research
12 health 13 research
13 research 14 following
14 following 19 earthquake
15 the 19 earthquake
16 great 17 east
17 east 18 japan
18 japan 19 earthquake

the research focus over the selected period was greatly directed towards medical considerations , especially vascular conditions and renal dialysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 directed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 focus
2 research 3 focus
3 focus 4 over
3 focus 8 was
4 over 7 period
5 the 7 period
6 selected 7 period
8 was 9 greatly
8 was 10 directed
10 directed 11 towards
11 towards 18 and
12 medical 13 considerations
13 considerations 14 ,
14 , 17 conditions
14 , 18 and
15 especially 16 vascular
16 vascular 17 conditions
18 and 20 dialysis
19 renal 20 dialysis

considering the compounding factors of the cold temperatures at the time of the disaster , the geography , the extensive dislocation of the population , and the demographics of an aging community , it is noteworthy that the immediate and acute impact of the march 11th disaster was substantial compared with other events and their studies on the impact of disaster on chronic and long - term illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 considering
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 69 .
1 considering 4 factors
1 considering 9 at
1 considering 42 impact
1 considering 48 was
2 the 4 factors
3 compounding 4 factors
4 factors 5 of
5 of 8 temperatures
6 the 8 temperatures
7 cold 8 temperatures
9 at 11 time
10 the 11 time
11 time 12 of
11 time 34 it
11 time 35 is
12 of 26 and
13 the 14 disaster
14 disaster 15 ,
15 , 17 geography
15 , 18 ,
16 the 17 geography
18 , 21 dislocation
18 , 26 and
19 the 21 dislocation
20 extensive 21 dislocation
21 dislocation 22 of
22 of 24 population
23 the 24 population
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 demographics
27 the 28 demographics
29 of 32 community
29 of 33 ,
29 of 34 it
30 an 32 community
31 aging 32 community
34 it 35 is
35 is 36 noteworthy
37 that 42 impact
38 the 39 immediate
39 immediate 40 and
40 and 41 acute
40 and 42 impact
42 impact 43 of
43 of 47 disaster
44 the 47 disaster
45 march 46 11th
45 march 47 disaster
48 was 54 and
48 was 57 on
48 was 62 on
49 substantial 50 compared
49 substantial 54 and
50 compared 51 with
51 with 53 events
52 other 53 events
54 and 56 studies
55 their 56 studies
57 on 59 impact
58 the 59 impact
59 impact 60 of
60 of 61 disaster
62 on 64 and
63 chronic 64 and
64 and 68 illness
65 long 66 -
65 long 67 term
67 term 68 illness

the complexity of damage caused by the earthquake event and the associated nuclear power plant event , which possibly affected people more psychologically than physically , might also need to be investigated with respect to long term objectives for improving disaster preparedness and management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 complexity
2 complexity 3 of
2 complexity 10 and
3 of 4 damage
4 damage 5 caused
5 caused 6 by
6 by 9 event
7 the 9 event
8 earthquake 9 event
10 and 16 event
10 and 17 ,
10 and 18 which
10 and 26 ,
10 and 37 term
11 the 16 event
12 associated 14 power
13 nuclear 14 power
14 power 16 event
15 plant 16 event
18 which 26 ,
19 possibly 20 affected
20 affected 21 people
20 affected 22 more
20 affected 23 psychologically
20 affected 24 than
20 affected 26 ,
24 than 25 physically
26 , 27 might
27 might 29 need
28 also 29 need
29 need 30 to
29 need 32 investigated
30 to 31 be
31 be 32 investigated
32 investigated 33 with
32 investigated 35 to
33 with 34 respect
35 to 36 long
37 term 38 objectives
37 term 43 and
38 objectives 39 for
39 for 40 improving
40 improving 41 disaster
42 preparedness 43 and
43 and 44 management

purpose of review : chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) has generally been characterized functionally as a glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m² , without accounting for cause [,] signs of structural damage , or relative risk of sequelae . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 5 chronic
5 chronic 7 disease
5 chronic 13 been
5 chronic 14 characterized
6 kidney 7 disease
7 disease 9 ckd
7 disease 11 has
8 ( 9 ckd
9 ckd 10 )
11 has 13 been
12 generally 13 been
14 characterized 15 functionally
14 characterized 16 as
14 characterized 24 less
14 characterized 25 than
14 characterized 30 without
16 as 20 rate
17 a 20 rate
18 glomerular 19 filtration
19 filtration 20 rate
20 rate 22 gfr
21 ( 22 gfr
22 gfr 23 )
25 than 28 m²
26 60 28 m²
27 ml/min/1.73 28 m²
29 , 30 without
30 without 31 accounting
30 without 45 .
31 accounting 32 for
32 for 35 signs
33 cause 35 signs
35 signs 36 of
36 of 40 or
37 structural 38 damage
38 damage 40 or
39 , 40 or
40 or 42 risk
40 or 43 of
41 relative 42 risk
43 of 44 sequelae

recently released guidelines define ckd as abnormalities of kidney structure or function , present for more than 3 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recently 3 guidelines
2 released 3 guidelines
3 guidelines 11 or
4 define 5 ckd
4 define 11 or
5 ckd 6 as
6 as 7 abnormalities
7 abnormalities 8 of
8 of 10 structure
9 kidney 10 structure
11 or 13 ,
11 or 15 for
12 function 13 ,
13 , 14 present
15 for 19 months
16 more 17 than
17 than 18 3
18 3 19 months

we review the recent literature about ckd and its implications for renal surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 review
2 review 5 literature
2 review 6 about
3 the 5 literature
4 recent 5 literature
6 about 8 and
7 ckd 8 and
8 and 10 implications
8 and 11 for
9 its 10 implications
11 for 13 surgery
12 renal 13 surgery

recent findings : most estimates of gfr are based on serum creatinine , after adjusting for age , race , sex , [and/or] body mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 5 estimates
3 : 9 based
3 : 22 ,
4 most 5 estimates
5 estimates 6 of
5 estimates 8 are
6 of 7 gfr
8 are 9 based
9 based 10 on
9 based 14 after
10 on 12 creatinine
11 serum 12 creatinine
13 , 14 after
14 after 15 adjusting
14 after 22 ,
15 adjusting 16 for
16 for 17 age
17 age 19 race
18 , 19 race
19 race 21 sex
19 race 22 ,
20 , 21 sex
21 sex 22 ,
22 , 25 mass
24 body 25 mass

recent research indicates that many individuals have gfr values less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m² without other manifestations of ckd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recent 2 research
2 research 3 indicates
3 indicates 4 that
4 that 6 individuals
4 that 7 have
5 many 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 have
7 have 9 values
7 have 10 less
7 have 11 than
8 gfr 9 values
11 than 14 m²
11 than 15 without
12 60 14 m²
13 ml/min/1.73 14 m²
15 without 17 manifestations
16 other 17 manifestations
17 manifestations 18 of
18 of 19 ckd

nephron loss due to normal aging or renal surgery ( ckd - s ) may have lower likelihood of ckd progression , and may infer better survival , compared to individuals with the same degree of ckd due to medical causes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 nephron 2 loss
2 loss 3 due
2 loss 13 s
2 loss 23 and
3 due 4 to
4 to 7 or
5 normal 6 aging
5 normal 7 or
7 or 9 surgery
7 or 11 ckd
8 renal 9 surgery
10 ( 11 ckd
11 ckd 12 -
12 - 13 s
13 s 14 )
15 may 16 have
15 may 23 and
16 have 17 lower
16 have 18 likelihood
18 likelihood 19 of
19 of 21 progression
20 ckd 21 progression
22 , 23 and
23 and 28 ,
23 and 32 with
23 and 39 to
24 may 25 infer
24 may 28 ,
25 infer 27 survival
26 better 27 survival
28 , 29 compared
29 compared 30 to
30 to 31 individuals
32 with 37 ckd
33 the 34 same
34 same 35 degree
35 degree 36 of
35 degree 37 ckd
36 of 37 ckd
38 due 39 to
39 to 41 causes
40 medical 41 causes

patients with mild and moderate ckd due to surgical nephron loss may benefit from an alternative measurement method [of] renal function such as cystatin - c - derived or directly measured gfr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 12 may
2 with 6 ckd
3 mild 4 and
4 and 5 moderate
4 and 6 ckd
6 ckd 7 due
7 due 8 to
8 to 11 loss
9 surgical 10 nephron
10 nephron 11 loss
12 may 13 benefit
13 benefit 14 from
14 from 21 function
15 an 21 function
16 alternative 21 function
17 measurement 18 method
18 method 21 function
20 renal 21 function
21 function 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 cystatin
25 - 26 c
25 - 27 -
25 - 33 .
26 c 27 -
27 - 29 or
28 derived 29 or
29 or 31 measured
30 directly 31 measured
31 measured 32 gfr

summary : ckd includes a diverse group of individuals with reduced gfr from a variety of causes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 3 ckd
2 : 4 includes
3 ckd 4 includes
4 includes 9 individuals
4 includes 10 with
4 includes 13 from
5 a 6 diverse
5 a 7 group
6 diverse 7 group
7 group 8 of
7 group 9 individuals
8 of 9 individuals
10 with 12 gfr
11 reduced 12 gfr
13 from 15 variety
14 a 15 variety
15 variety 16 of
16 of 17 causes

classification of ckd according to gfr , albuminuria , and cause , may improve the management of patients with reduced gfr , as some causes ( e.g [.] , nephrectomy and aging ) appear to be associated with a relatively low risk of progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 classification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 classification 2 of
1 classification 13 may
2 of 4 according
3 ckd 4 according
4 according 5 to
5 to 6 gfr
6 gfr 10 and
7 , 10 and
8 albuminuria 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 cause
10 and 12 ,
13 may 14 improve
14 improve 16 management
14 improve 19 with
15 the 16 management
16 management 17 of
17 of 18 patients
19 with 21 gfr
20 reduced 21 gfr
22 , 36 be
23 as 25 causes
23 as 34 appear
24 some 25 causes
25 causes 27 e.g
25 causes 31 and
25 causes 34 appear
26 ( 27 e.g
27 e.g 29 ,
29 , 31 and
30 nephrectomy 31 and
31 and 32 aging
31 and 33 )
34 appear 35 to
35 to 36 be
36 be 37 associated
37 associated 38 with
38 with 42 risk
39 a 42 risk
40 relatively 41 low
41 low 42 risk
42 risk 43 of
43 of 44 progression

prevention of skin aging and its treatment is an emerging field for development of new formulations in cosmetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prevention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 prevention 2 of
1 prevention 8 is
2 of 5 and
3 skin 4 aging
3 skin 5 and
5 and 7 treatment
6 its 7 treatment
8 is 11 field
9 an 11 field
10 emerging 11 field
11 field 12 for
12 for 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 16 formulations
15 new 16 formulations
16 formulations 17 in
17 in 18 cosmetics

accordingly , plant extracts with antioxidant properties are beneficial cosmetic ingredients for this purpose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 extracts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 4 extracts
3 plant 4 extracts
4 extracts 5 with
4 extracts 8 are
5 with 7 properties
6 antioxidant 7 properties
8 are 11 ingredients
9 beneficial 11 ingredients
10 cosmetic 11 ingredients
11 ingredients 12 for
12 for 14 purpose
13 this 14 purpose

this study was aimed at developing a stable and easily manufactured emulgel including green tea extract and rose oil that is effective on the barrier function and hydration of the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 9 and
3 was 4 aimed
3 was 9 and
4 aimed 5 at
5 at 6 developing
6 developing 8 stable
7 a 8 stable
9 and 11 manufactured
10 easily 11 manufactured
11 manufactured 12 emulgel
11 manufactured 23 on
12 emulgel 13 including
12 emulgel 20 that
12 emulgel 21 is
13 including 17 and
14 green 15 tea
15 tea 16 extract
16 extract 17 and
17 and 19 oil
18 rose 19 oil
20 that 21 is
21 is 22 effective
23 on 27 and
24 the 26 function
25 barrier 26 function
26 function 27 and
27 and 28 hydration
27 and 29 of
29 of 31 skin
30 the 31 skin

an emulgel formulation containing 20 % green tea extract and 5 % rose oil was designed as a result of pre - formulation studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 formulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 an 3 formulation
2 emulgel 3 formulation
3 formulation 4 containing
3 formulation 15 was
4 containing 10 and
5 20 6 %
6 % 9 extract
7 green 8 tea
8 tea 9 extract
9 extract 10 and
10 and 14 oil
11 5 12 %
12 % 13 rose
13 rose 14 oil
15 was 16 designed
16 designed 17 as
17 as 19 result
18 a 19 result
19 result 20 of
20 of 21 pre
22 - 23 formulation
22 - 24 studies
23 formulation 24 studies

physicochemical characterization , in vitro stability studies , in vivo water content of the stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss studies were carried out afterwards . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characterization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 physicochemical 2 characterization
3 , 6 stability
3 , 7 studies
3 , 8 ,
4 in 5 vitro
5 vitro 6 stability
6 stability 7 studies
8 , 11 water
8 , 17 and
9 in 10 vivo
10 vivo 11 water
11 water 12 content
12 content 13 of
13 of 16 corneum
14 the 16 corneum
15 stratum 16 corneum
17 and 21 studies
17 and 23 carried
18 transepidermal 19 water
19 water 21 studies
20 loss 21 studies
21 studies 22 were
22 were 23 carried
23 carried 24 out
23 carried 25 afterwards

in vivo studies on ten female subjects were evaluated by using [non] - invasive skin bioengineering techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 vivo
2 vivo 3 studies
3 studies 4 on
3 studies 8 were
4 on 7 subjects
5 ten 7 subjects
6 female 7 subjects
8 were 9 evaluated
9 evaluated 10 by
10 by 11 using
13 - 15 skin
14 invasive 15 skin
15 skin 16 bioengineering
16 bioengineering 17 techniques

finally , a cosmetically acceptable , stable and effective emulgel formulation for skin barrier function with good hydrating properties was obtained for skin hydration , protection and anti - aging purposes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 15 function
3 a 4 cosmetically
3 a 15 function
4 cosmetically 5 acceptable
5 acceptable 6 ,
5 acceptable 15 function
7 stable 8 and
8 and 11 formulation
8 and 12 for
8 and 15 function
9 effective 10 emulgel
10 emulgel 11 formulation
12 for 13 skin
14 barrier 15 function
15 function 16 with
15 function 20 was
16 with 19 properties
17 good 19 properties
18 hydrating 19 properties
20 was 21 obtained
21 obtained 22 for
22 for 27 and
23 skin 26 protection
24 hydration 25 ,
24 hydration 26 protection
26 protection 27 and
27 and 31 purposes
28 anti 29 -
28 anti 31 purposes
30 aging 31 purposes

background : the quality and outcomes framework in the united kingdom ( uk ) national health service previously highlighted case finding of depression amongst patients with diabetes or coronary heart disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 quality
3 the 4 quality
5 and 17 service
5 and 19 highlighted
6 outcomes 7 framework
7 framework 8 in
7 framework 15 national
8 in 11 kingdom
9 the 11 kingdom
10 united 11 kingdom
11 kingdom 13 uk
12 ( 13 uk
13 uk 14 )
15 national 16 health
16 health 17 service
17 service 19 highlighted
18 previously 19 highlighted
19 highlighted 21 finding
19 highlighted 24 amongst
19 highlighted 26 with
20 case 21 finding
21 finding 22 of
22 of 23 depression
24 amongst 25 patients
26 with 28 or
27 diabetes 28 or
28 or 31 disease
29 coronary 31 disease
30 heart 31 disease

however , depression in older people remains [under] - recognized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 depression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 remains
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 depression
3 depression 4 in
3 depression 7 remains
4 in 6 people
5 older 6 people
7 remains 10 recognized
9 - 10 recognized
10 recognized 11 .

comprehensive data for analyses of the association of depression in older age with other health and functional measures , and demographic factors from community populations within england , are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 comprehensive 2 data
2 data 3 for
2 data 16 and
3 for 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 of
5 of 7 association
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 of
8 of 9 depression
9 depression 10 in
10 in 12 age
11 older 12 age
12 age 13 with
13 with 15 health
14 other 15 health
16 and 18 measures
16 and 20 and
17 functional 18 measures
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 factors
20 and 28 ,
20 and 29 are
21 demographic 22 factors
22 factors 23 from
23 from 25 populations
24 community 25 populations
25 populations 26 within
26 within 27 england
29 are 30 lacking

methods : secondary analyses [of] cross - sectional baseline survey data from the england arm of a randomised controlled trial of health risk [appraisal] for older people in europe ; pro - age study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 secondary
3 secondary 4 analyses
3 secondary 6 cross
3 secondary 11 data
4 analyses 6 cross
7 - 11 data
8 sectional 11 data
9 baseline 10 survey
10 survey 11 data
11 data 12 from
11 data 16 of
11 data 21 of
11 data 30 ;
12 from 15 arm
13 the 15 arm
14 england 15 arm
16 of 20 trial
17 a 20 trial
18 randomised 20 trial
19 controlled 20 trial
21 of 23 risk
22 health 23 risk
23 risk 25 for
23 risk 28 in
25 for 27 people
26 older 27 people
28 in 29 europe
30 ; 34 study
31 pro 33 age
32 - 33 age
33 age 34 study

data [from] 1085 community - dwelling [non] - disabled people aged 65 years or more from three group practices in suburban london contributed to this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 data 4 community
3 1085 4 community
5 - 10 people
5 - 23 contributed
5 - 27 .
6 dwelling 8 -
6 dwelling 10 people
9 disabled 10 people
10 people 11 aged
10 people 14 or
10 people 23 contributed
11 aged 12 65
13 years 14 or
14 or 15 more
14 or 16 from
14 or 20 in
16 from 19 practices
17 three 19 practices
18 group 19 practices
20 in 22 london
21 suburban 22 london
23 contributed 24 to
24 to 26 study
25 this 26 study

depressed [mood] was ascertained from the 5 - item mental health inventory screening test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 depressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ascertained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 depressed 3 was
3 was 4 ascertained
4 ascertained 5 from
5 from 7 5
6 the 7 5
8 - 14 test
8 - 15 .
9 item 14 test
10 mental 11 health
11 health 12 inventory
12 inventory 13 screening
13 screening 14 test

exploratory multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the strongest associations [of] depressed mood with a previous diagnosis of a specified physical/mental health condition , health and functional measures , and demographic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 exploratory 4 regression
2 multivariable 4 regression
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 identify
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 14 mood
8 identify 15 with
9 the 10 strongest
9 the 14 mood
11 associations 14 mood
13 depressed 14 mood
15 with 31 and
16 a 18 diagnosis
17 previous 18 diagnosis
18 diagnosis 19 of
18 diagnosis 25 ,
19 of 24 condition
20 a 24 condition
21 specified 24 condition
22 physical/mental 24 condition
23 health 24 condition
25 , 26 health
25 , 27 and
27 and 29 measures
27 and 30 ,
27 and 31 and
28 functional 29 measures
31 and 33 factors
32 demographic 33 factors

results : depressed [mood] [occurred] in 14 % ( 155/1085 ) of participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 depressed
3 depressed 6 in
3 depressed 12 of
6 in 8 %
7 14 8 %
8 % 10 155/1085
9 ( 10 155/1085
10 155/1085 11 )
12 of 13 participants

a subgroup analyses on those without a previous diagnosis of depression also indicated that within this group , poor vision ( or 2.51 [;] p = 0.002 ) was amongst the strongest independent factors associated with depressed [mood] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subgroup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 2 subgroup
2 subgroup 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 on
3 analyses 6 without
3 analyses 14 that
4 on 5 those
6 without 9 diagnosis
7 a 9 diagnosis
8 previous 9 diagnosis
9 diagnosis 10 of
10 of 11 depression
11 depression 13 indicated
12 also 13 indicated
14 that 20 vision
14 that 29 was
15 within 17 group
15 within 18 ,
15 within 20 vision
16 this 17 group
19 poor 20 vision
20 vision 22 or
20 vision 29 was
21 ( 22 or
22 or 26 =
22 or 28 )
23 2.51 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.002
29 was 30 amongst
29 was 37 depressed
30 amongst 33 independent
31 the 32 strongest
31 the 33 independent
33 independent 34 factors
33 independent 36 with
34 factors 35 associated
35 associated 36 with

conclusions : previous case - finding strategies in primary care focussed on heart disease and diabetes but health - related conditions other than coronary heart disease and diabetes are also associated with an increased risk for depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 4 case
2 : 5 -
2 : 17 but
3 previous 4 case
5 - 7 strategies
6 finding 7 strategies
7 strategies 8 in
8 in 10 care
9 primary 10 care
10 care 11 focussed
10 care 12 on
12 on 15 and
13 heart 14 disease
14 disease 15 and
15 and 16 diabetes
17 but 18 health
17 but 31 associated
18 health 31 associated
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 conditions
20 related 23 than
20 related 31 associated
22 other 23 than
23 than 25 heart
24 coronary 25 heart
25 heart 27 and
25 heart 29 are
26 disease 27 and
27 and 28 diabetes
27 and 29 are
30 also 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
31 associated 36 for
32 with 35 risk
33 an 35 risk
34 increased 35 risk
36 for 37 depression

complex issues of multi - morbidity occur within aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 complex 2 issues
2 issues 3 of
2 issues 7 occur
3 of 6 morbidity
4 multi 5 -
4 multi 6 morbidity
7 occur 8 within
8 within 10 populations
9 aging 10 populations

from the health and functional factors investigated , amongst the strongest factors associated with depressed mood [was] poor vision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 from 4 and
1 from 8 ,
1 from 12 factors
2 the 3 health
3 health 4 and
4 and 6 factors
4 and 7 investigated
5 functional 6 factors
9 amongst 11 strongest
9 amongst 12 factors
10 the 11 strongest
12 factors 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 19 vision
15 depressed 16 mood
16 mood 19 vision
18 poor 19 vision

consideration to case finding for depressed mood [among] older people with visual impairment might be justified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 consideration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 justified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 consideration 2 to
1 consideration 14 might
2 to 4 finding
3 case 4 finding
4 finding 5 for
5 for 10 people
6 depressed 7 mood
7 mood 10 people
9 older 10 people
10 people 11 with
11 with 13 impairment
12 visual 13 impairment
14 might 15 be
15 be 16 justified

twin studies are an incomparable source of investigation to shed light on genetic and [non] [-] genetic components of neurodegenerative diseases , as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 twin 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 6 source
3 are 23 as
4 an 6 source
5 incomparable 6 source
6 source 7 of
6 source 11 light
7 of 8 investigation
8 investigation 9 to
8 investigation 10 shed
9 to 10 shed
11 light 12 on
12 on 14 and
13 genetic 14 and
14 and 18 components
14 and 19 of
17 genetic 18 components
19 of 21 diseases
20 neurodegenerative 21 diseases
22 , 23 as
23 as 26 disease
23 as 29 )
24 alzheimer 25 's
25 's 26 disease
26 disease 28 ad
27 ( 28 ad
28 ad 29 )

detailed clinicopathologic correlations using twin longitudinal data and post - [mortem] examinations are mostly missing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 detailed 3 correlations
1 detailed 8 and
2 clinicopathologic 3 correlations
3 correlations 4 using
4 using 7 data
5 twin 7 data
6 longitudinal 7 data
8 and 9 post
10 - 12 examinations
10 - 13 are
10 - 16 .
12 examinations 13 are
13 are 15 missing
14 mostly 15 missing

we describe clinical and pathologic findings of seven [monozygotic] ( mz ) and dizygotic ( dz ) twin pairs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 describe
2 describe 13 and
3 clinical 4 and
4 and 6 findings
4 and 7 of
4 and 13 and
5 pathologic 6 findings
7 of 8 seven
8 seven 11 mz
10 ( 11 mz
11 mz 12 )
13 and 19 pairs
14 dizygotic 16 dz
14 dizygotic 18 twin
15 ( 16 dz
16 dz 17 )
18 twin 19 pairs

our findings show good agreement between clinical and pathologic diagnoses in the majority of the twin pairs , with greater neuropathologic concordance in mz than dz twins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 show
3 show 5 agreement
3 show 19 with
3 show 25 than
4 good 5 agreement
5 agreement 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 clinical 8 and
8 and 10 diagnoses
8 and 18 ,
9 pathologic 10 diagnoses
10 diagnoses 11 in
11 in 17 pairs
12 the 13 majority
13 majority 14 of
13 majority 17 pairs
14 of 17 pairs
15 the 17 pairs
16 twin 17 pairs
19 with 22 concordance
20 greater 22 concordance
21 neuropathologic 22 concordance
22 concordance 23 in
23 in 24 mz
25 than 27 twins
26 dz 27 twins

greater neuropathologic concordance was found for β - amyloid than tau pathology within the pairs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concordance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 greater 3 concordance
2 neuropathologic 3 concordance
3 concordance 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 for
5 found 10 than
5 found 13 within
6 for 9 amyloid
7 β 8 -
7 β 9 amyloid
10 than 12 pathology
11 tau 12 pathology
13 within 15 pairs
14 the 15 pairs

apoe4 was associated with higher β - amyloid and earlier dementia onset , and importantly , higher frequency of other co - occurring brain pathologies , regardless of the zygosity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 apoe4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 apoe4 2 was
2 was 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 28 of
4 with 18 frequency
5 higher 8 amyloid
6 β 7 -
6 β 8 amyloid
8 amyloid 9 and
9 and 12 onset
9 and 14 and
10 earlier 12 onset
11 dementia 12 onset
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 importantly
14 and 17 higher
14 and 18 frequency
15 importantly 16 ,
18 frequency 19 of
18 frequency 25 pathologies
19 of 21 co
20 other 21 co
22 - 25 pathologies
23 occurring 24 brain
24 brain 25 pathologies
25 pathologies 26 ,
27 regardless 28 of
28 of 30 zygosity
29 the 30 zygosity

dementia onset , dementia duration , [difference] between twins in age at dementia [onset] and at death , did not correlate with ad pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 onset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 dementia 2 onset
3 , 5 duration
3 , 21 correlate
4 dementia 5 duration
5 duration 8 between
5 duration 19 did
6 , 8 between
8 between 9 twins
8 between 18 ,
9 twins 10 in
10 in 11 age
11 age 15 and
12 at 13 dementia
12 at 15 and
15 and 16 at
16 at 17 death
19 did 20 not
19 did 21 correlate
21 correlate 22 with
22 with 24 pathology
23 ad 24 pathology

these clinicopathologic correlations of older identical and fraternal twins support the relevance of genetic factors in ad , but not their sufficiency to determine the pathology , and consequently the disease , even in monozygotic twins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 3 correlations
2 clinicopathologic 3 correlations
3 correlations 4 of
3 correlations 10 support
4 of 9 twins
5 older 9 twins
6 identical 7 and
7 and 8 fraternal
7 and 9 twins
10 support 19 but
10 support 23 to
11 the 12 relevance
12 relevance 13 of
12 relevance 16 in
12 relevance 19 but
13 of 15 factors
14 genetic 15 factors
16 in 17 ad
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 not
19 but 22 sufficiency
21 their 22 sufficiency
23 to 24 determine
24 determine 28 and
24 determine 33 even
25 the 26 pathology
26 pathology 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 consequently
28 and 31 disease
28 and 32 ,
30 the 31 disease
33 even 34 in
34 in 36 twins
35 monozygotic 36 twins

it is the interaction among genetic [and] [non] - genetic risks which plays a major role in influencing , or probably determining , the degeneration of those brain circuits associated with pathology and cognitive deficits in ad . 
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 interaction
3 the 4 interaction
4 interaction 5 among
4 interaction 12 which
4 interaction 13 plays
5 among 11 risks
6 genetic 9 -
6 genetic 11 risks
10 genetic 11 risks
12 which 13 plays
13 plays 20 or
14 a 16 role
15 major 16 role
16 role 17 in
16 role 20 or
17 in 18 influencing
19 , 20 or
20 or 21 probably
20 or 35 deficits
20 or 38 .
22 determining 23 ,
23 , 25 degeneration
23 , 33 and
24 the 25 degeneration
25 degeneration 26 of
26 of 29 circuits
27 those 29 circuits
28 brain 29 circuits
29 circuits 30 associated
29 circuits 31 with
31 with 32 pathology
33 and 34 cognitive
33 and 35 deficits
35 deficits 36 in
36 in 37 ad

aim : a number of studies have shown that the maximum movement velocity of the lower limbs is a critical determinant of gait speed in elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 6 studies
2 : 8 shown
3 a 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 studies
5 of 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 shown
8 shown 9 that
9 that 13 velocity
9 that 18 is
10 the 13 velocity
11 maximum 12 movement
12 movement 13 velocity
13 velocity 14 of
13 velocity 18 is
14 of 17 limbs
15 the 17 limbs
16 lower 17 limbs
18 is 21 determinant
19 a 20 critical
19 a 21 determinant
20 critical 21 determinant
21 determinant 22 of
22 of 24 speed
23 gait 24 speed
24 speed 25 in
25 in 27 adults
26 elderly 27 adults

however , it is still unclear whether gait speed is associated with the movement velocity of the lower limbs or the movement velocity itself . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 still
4 is 6 unclear
6 unclear 7 whether
7 whether 9 speed
7 whether 11 associated
8 gait 9 speed
9 speed 10 is
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 24 itself
12 with 20 or
13 the 15 velocity
14 movement 15 velocity
15 velocity 16 of
15 velocity 20 or
16 of 19 limbs
17 the 19 limbs
18 lower 19 limbs
20 or 23 velocity
21 the 23 velocity
22 movement 23 velocity

therefore , we measured the movement velocity of upper limbs that would not have a direct effect [on] gait , and examined the relationship between the movement velocity and gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 21 and
4 measured 7 velocity
4 measured 21 and
5 the 7 velocity
6 movement 7 velocity
7 velocity 8 of
7 velocity 11 that
7 velocity 12 would
8 of 10 limbs
9 upper 10 limbs
11 that 12 would
12 would 13 not
12 would 14 have
14 have 19 gait
15 a 19 gait
16 direct 17 effect
17 effect 19 gait
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 examined
21 and 25 between
22 examined 24 relationship
23 the 24 relationship
25 between 29 and
26 the 28 velocity
27 movement 28 velocity
28 velocity 29 and
29 and 31 speed
30 gait 31 speed

methods : a total of 76 community [-] dwelling adults aged older than 60 years ( mean age 73.3 years ) participated in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 total
2 : 11 aged
2 : 13 than
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 11 aged
5 of 10 adults
6 76 10 adults
7 community 9 dwelling
9 dwelling 10 adults
11 aged 12 older
12 older 13 than
13 than 15 years
13 than 22 participated
14 60 15 years
15 years 20 years
15 years 22 participated
16 ( 20 years
17 mean 18 age
18 age 20 years
19 73.3 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 participated 23 in
23 in 25 study
24 the 25 study

we measured the movement velocity of the upper limbs , maximum gait speed , quadriceps strength , trunk muscle endurance and skeletal muscle mass index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 5 velocity
3 the 5 velocity
4 movement 5 velocity
5 velocity 6 of
6 of 21 and
7 the 9 limbs
8 upper 9 limbs
9 limbs 10 ,
10 , 13 speed
10 , 14 ,
11 maximum 13 speed
12 gait 13 speed
14 , 16 strength
14 , 17 ,
15 quadriceps 16 strength
17 , 20 endurance
17 , 21 and
18 trunk 20 endurance
19 muscle 20 endurance
21 and 25 index
22 skeletal 23 muscle
23 muscle 25 index
24 mass 25 index

results : a significant correlation was found between the movement velocity of the upper limbs and maximum gait speed ( r=0.47 ; p<0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 correlation
2 : 7 found
2 : 22 ;
2 : 25 )(
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 correlation
4 significant 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 between
8 between 16 and
9 the 11 velocity
10 movement 11 velocity
11 velocity 12 of
11 velocity 16 and
12 of 15 limbs
13 the 15 limbs
14 upper 15 limbs
16 and 19 speed
16 and 21 r=0.47
17 maximum 19 speed
18 gait 19 speed
20 ( 21 r=0.47
21 r=0.47 22 ;
22 ; 23 p<0.01

in a stepwise multiple regression analysis using maximum gait speed as a dependent variable , age , movement velocity of the upper limbs , body mass index and quadriceps strength were selected as independent variables [(] r ( 2 )=0.55 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 6 analysis
1 in 28 and
2 a 3 stepwise
2 a 6 analysis
3 stepwise 5 regression
4 multiple 5 regression
5 regression 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 using
6 analysis 20 of
7 using 10 speed
7 using 11 as
8 maximum 10 speed
9 gait 10 speed
11 as 19 velocity
12 a 13 dependent
12 a 19 velocity
13 dependent 19 velocity
14 variable 16 age
14 variable 17 ,
14 variable 19 velocity
15 , 16 age
16 age 17 ,
18 movement 19 velocity
20 of 22 upper
21 the 22 upper
23 limbs 24 ,
24 , 27 index
24 , 28 and
25 body 26 mass
26 mass 27 index
28 and 30 strength
28 and 31 were
29 quadriceps 30 strength
31 were 35 variables
32 selected 35 variables
33 as 34 independent
34 independent 35 variables
35 variables 37 r
35 variables 42 p<0.001
38 ( 42 p<0.001
39 2 42 p<0.001
40 )=0.55 41 ,
40 )=0.55 42 p<0.001
42 p<0.001 43 )

conclusions : the movement velocity of the upper limbs is a significant determinant of maximum gait speed , suggesting that the ability to move any region rapidly might be a critical factor in maximum gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 5 velocity
2 : 10 is
2 : 18 ,
3 the 5 velocity
4 movement 5 velocity
5 velocity 6 of
5 velocity 10 is
6 of 9 limbs
7 the 9 limbs
8 upper 9 limbs
10 is 13 determinant
11 a 12 significant
11 a 13 determinant
12 significant 13 determinant
13 determinant 14 of
14 of 17 speed
15 maximum 17 speed
16 gait 17 speed
18 , 19 suggesting
18 , 29 be
19 suggesting 20 that
19 suggesting 29 be
20 that 22 ability
20 that 28 might
21 the 22 ability
22 ability 23 to
22 ability 24 move
22 ability 28 might
23 to 24 move
24 move 26 region
24 move 27 rapidly
25 any 26 region
29 be 32 factor
30 a 31 critical
30 a 32 factor
31 critical 32 factor
32 factor 33 in
33 in 36 speed
34 maximum 36 speed
35 gait 36 speed

aim : bioelectrical impedance analysis has been reported to have high reliability and accuracy in assessing body composition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 4 impedance
3 bioelectrical 4 impedance
4 impedance 5 analysis
4 impedance 16 assessing
5 analysis 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 reported
8 reported 9 to
8 reported 10 have
9 to 10 have
10 have 13 and
10 have 15 in
11 high 12 reliability
12 reliability 13 and
13 and 14 accuracy
15 in 16 assessing
16 assessing 18 composition
17 body 18 composition

however , equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass [are] population - specific , and few have been developed for older japanese adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 equations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 equations
3 equations 4 for
3 equations 9 mass
4 for 5 estimating
5 estimating 8 muscle
6 appendicular 8 muscle
7 skeletal 8 muscle
9 mass 11 population
12 - 15 and
12 - 19 developed
12 - 24 .
13 specific 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 few
15 and 17 have
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 developed
19 developed 20 for
20 for 23 adults
21 older 23 adults
22 japanese 23 adults

thus , the purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an estimate equation for appendicular skeletal muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 9 was
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 present 8 study
9 was 10 to
9 was 12 and
10 to 12 and
11 develop 12 and
12 and 13 validate
13 validate 16 equation
14 an 16 equation
15 estimate 16 equation
16 equation 17 for
17 for 25 analysis
18 appendicular 20 muscle
19 skeletal 20 muscle
20 muscle 25 analysis
21 mass 25 analysis
22 using 25 analysis
23 bioelectrical 24 impedance
24 impedance 25 analysis

methods : a total of 250 older adults aged 65 years and older participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 14 participated
2 : 18 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 aged
4 total 14 participated
5 of 8 adults
6 250 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
9 aged 12 and
10 65 11 years
11 years 12 and
12 and 13 older
14 participated 15 in
15 in 17 study
16 this 17 study

appendicular skeletal muscle [mass] was measured using dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry , and bioelectrical resistance was measured using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 appendicular 3 muscle
2 skeletal 3 muscle
3 muscle 5 was
5 was 6 measured
6 measured 7 using
7 using 10 energy
8 dual 9 -
8 dual 10 energy
10 energy 11 x
12 - 13 ray
12 - 16 and
13 ray 14 absorptiometry
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 resistance
16 and 20 measured
17 bioelectrical 18 resistance
18 resistance 19 was
19 was 20 measured
20 measured 21 using
21 using 26 analyzer
22 a 26 analyzer
23 multifrequency 26 analyzer
24 bioelectrical 25 impedance
25 impedance 26 analyzer

multiple regression analysis was applied to derive sex - specific estimation formulae using bioelectrical impedance analysis , and a bland - altman analysis was used to test agreement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 multiple 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 applied
5 applied 6 to
6 to 7 derive
7 derive 8 sex
8 sex 12 formulae
9 - 12 formulae
10 specific 11 estimation
11 estimation 12 formulae
12 formulae 13 using
12 formulae 21 -
13 using 18 and
14 bioelectrical 16 analysis
15 impedance 16 analysis
16 analysis 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 bland
19 a 20 bland
21 - 23 analysis
21 - 25 used
22 altman 23 analysis
23 analysis 24 was
24 was 25 used
25 used 26 to
25 used 27 test
26 to 27 test
27 test 28 agreement

results : the cross - validation results showed that the slopes and intercepts of the regression lines were approximately one and zero , respectively , and the coefficients of determination and standard errors of the estimate of the newly developed equations were similar between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 the 4 cross
5 - 7 results
5 - 21 and
5 - 26 and
5 - 48 .
6 validation 7 results
7 results 12 and
7 results 14 of
7 results 21 and
8 showed 9 that
8 showed 11 slopes
8 showed 12 and
10 the 11 slopes
12 and 13 intercepts
14 of 17 lines
15 the 17 lines
16 regression 17 lines
18 were 20 one
18 were 21 and
19 approximately 20 one
21 and 22 zero
22 zero 24 respectively
23 , 24 respectively
24 respectively 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 coefficients
26 and 42 were
27 the 28 coefficients
28 coefficients 29 of
28 coefficients 37 of
28 coefficients 42 were
29 of 31 and
30 determination 31 and
31 and 33 errors
31 and 34 of
32 standard 33 errors
34 of 36 estimate
35 the 36 estimate
37 of 41 equations
38 the 41 equations
39 newly 40 developed
40 developed 41 equations
42 were 43 similar
43 similar 44 between
44 between 47 groups
45 the 46 two
46 two 47 groups

thus , the single sex [-] specific equations were developed using all participants [as] follows . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 follows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 sex
3 the 5 sex
4 single 5 sex
5 sex 8 equations
5 sex 9 were
5 sex 10 developed
5 sex 15 follows
7 specific 8 equations
8 equations 9 were
10 developed 11 using
11 using 13 participants
12 all 13 participants

men : appendicular skeletal muscle mass=0.197 × ( impedance [index] ) +0.179 × ( weight ) - 0.019 ( r [(] [2] ) [=0.87] , standard error of the estimate=0.98 [kg] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 men 2 :
2 : 13 ×
3 appendicular 13 ×
4 skeletal 13 ×
5 muscle 13 ×
6 mass=0.197 13 ×
7 × 9 impedance
7 × 12 +0.179
8 ( 9 impedance
9 impedance 11 )
12 +0.179 13 ×
13 × 15 weight
13 × 18 0.019
13 × 27 error
14 ( 15 weight
15 weight 16 )
17 - 18 0.019
18 0.019 20 r
18 0.019 23 )
19 ( 20 r
20 r 23 )
25 , 27 error
26 standard 27 error
27 error 28 of
27 error 32 )
28 of 30 estimate=0.98
29 the 30 estimate=0.98

women : appendicular skeletal muscle mass=0.221 × ( impedance index [ )(+0.117 × ( weight ) +0.881 ( r [(] [2] ) =0.89 , standard error of the estimate=0.81 [kg] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 women 2 :
2 : 7 ×
3 appendicular 5 muscle
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 7 ×
6 mass=0.221 7 ×
7 × 23 =0.89
8 ( 23 =0.89
9 impedance 12 )(+0.117
10 index 12 )(+0.117
12 )(+0.117 23 =0.89
13 × 15 weight
13 × 23 =0.89
14 ( 15 weight
15 weight 16 )
17 +0.881 19 r
17 +0.881 22 )
17 +0.881 23 =0.89
18 ( 19 r
19 r 22 )
23 =0.89 26 error
23 =0.89 31 )
24 , 26 error
25 standard 26 error
26 error 27 of
26 error 31 )
27 of 29 estimate=0.81
28 the 29 estimate=0.81

conclusion : these new equations offer a valid option for assessing appendicular skeletal muscle [mass] in older japanese adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 5 equations
2 : 6 offer
3 these 5 equations
4 new 5 equations
5 equations 6 offer
6 offer 9 option
7 a 8 valid
7 a 9 option
8 valid 9 option
9 option 10 for
10 for 11 assessing
11 assessing 14 muscle
11 assessing 16 in
12 appendicular 14 muscle
13 skeletal 14 muscle
16 in 19 adults
17 older 19 adults
18 japanese 19 adults

aim : it is important to assess not only the total skeletal muscle mass , but also the intracellular and extracellular compartments of skeletal muscle to examine the actual relationship between skeletal muscle mass and physical functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 is
2 : 38 .
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 to
5 important 7 assess
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 17 also
8 not 9 only
9 only 17 also
10 the 14 mass
11 total 13 muscle
12 skeletal 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 mass
14 mass 17 also
15 , 17 also
16 but 17 also
17 also 37 functions
18 the 19 intracellular
19 intracellular 20 and
20 and 21 extracellular
20 and 22 compartments
20 and 34 mass
20 and 35 and
22 compartments 23 of
22 compartments 26 to
22 compartments 27 examine
22 compartments 34 mass
23 of 25 muscle
24 skeletal 25 muscle
26 to 27 examine
27 examine 30 relationship
27 examine 31 between
28 the 30 relationship
29 actual 30 relationship
31 between 33 muscle
32 skeletal 33 muscle
35 and 36 physical
35 and 37 functions

segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is a unique tool [with] [which] to assess intracellular and extracellular water in the limbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 spectroscopy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 segmental 3 impedance
2 bioelectrical 3 impedance
3 impedance 4 spectroscopy
4 spectroscopy 5 is
5 is 8 tool
5 is 11 to
6 a 8 tool
7 unique 8 tool
11 to 12 assess
12 assess 16 water
13 intracellular 14 and
14 and 15 extracellular
14 and 16 water
16 water 17 in
17 in 19 limbs
18 the 19 limbs

the aim of the present study was to examine the application of segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to the assessment of skeletal muscle [mass] in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 11 application
9 examine 17 to
9 examine 24 in
10 the 11 application
11 application 12 of
12 of 16 spectroscopy
13 segmental 15 impedance
14 bioelectrical 15 impedance
15 impedance 16 spectroscopy
17 to 19 assessment
18 the 19 assessment
19 assessment 20 of
20 of 22 muscle
21 skeletal 22 muscle
24 in 26 elderly
25 the 26 elderly

methods : a total of 73 healthy elderly men and 20 elderly men requiring care and using an ambulatory day - care service of the public long - term care insurance system participated in the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 14 requiring
5 of 10 and
6 73 9 men
7 healthy 9 men
8 elderly 9 men
9 men 10 and
10 and 13 men
11 20 13 men
12 elderly 13 men
14 requiring 15 care
16 and 23 service
16 and 33 participated
17 using 20 day
17 using 21 -
17 using 23 service
18 an 20 day
19 ambulatory 20 day
22 care 23 service
23 service 24 of
23 service 33 participated
24 of 32 system
25 the 32 system
26 public 29 term
27 long 28 -
27 long 29 term
29 term 30 care
30 care 32 system
31 insurance 32 system
33 participated 34 in
34 in 37 study
35 the 37 study
36 present 37 study

the intracellular and extracellular water in the upper and lower legs were assessed by segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 legs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 5 water
2 intracellular 3 and
3 and 4 extracellular
3 and 5 water
5 water 6 in
5 water 9 and
6 in 8 upper
7 the 8 upper
9 and 10 lower
9 and 11 legs
11 legs 12 were
12 were 13 assessed
13 assessed 14 by
14 by 18 spectroscopy
15 segmental 17 impedance
16 bioelectrical 17 impedance
17 impedance 18 spectroscopy

the gait speed , grip strength and maximal isometric knee extension strength were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 speed
2 gait 3 speed
3 speed 4 ,
4 , 6 strength
4 , 7 and
5 grip 6 strength
7 and 12 strength
7 and 13 were
8 maximal 10 knee
9 isometric 10 knee
10 knee 12 strength
11 extension 12 strength
13 were 14 measured

results : the elderly requiring care had significantly lower intracellular water than did healthy elderly in the upper and lower legs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 5 requiring
3 the 5 requiring
4 elderly 5 requiring
5 requiring 6 care
5 requiring 7 had
6 care 7 had
7 had 9 lower
8 significantly 9 lower
9 lower 11 water
9 lower 12 than
10 intracellular 11 water
12 than 13 did
13 did 21 legs
14 healthy 21 legs
15 elderly 16 in
15 elderly 19 and
16 in 18 upper
17 the 18 upper
19 and 20 lower
19 and 21 legs

a significant relative expansion of extracellular water against total water was observed in the elderly requiring care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 17 care
2 significant 4 expansion
3 relative 4 expansion
4 expansion 5 of
4 expansion 11 was
5 of 7 water
6 extracellular 7 water
7 water 8 against
8 against 10 water
9 total 10 water
11 was 12 observed
12 observed 13 in
13 in 16 requiring
14 the 16 requiring
15 elderly 16 requiring

receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the area under the curve for the intracellular water index was similar to that for muscle strength in the discrimination of elderly requiring care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 receiver
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 receiver 2 operating
1 receiver 5 showed
2 operating 4 curves
3 characteristic 4 curves
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 area
6 that 17 was
7 the 8 area
8 area 9 under
8 area 12 for
8 area 17 was
9 under 11 curve
10 the 11 curve
12 for 16 index
13 the 16 index
14 intracellular 15 water
15 water 16 index
17 was 18 similar
18 similar 19 to
18 similar 21 for
19 to 20 that
21 for 23 strength
22 muscle 23 strength
23 strength 24 in
23 strength 27 of
24 in 26 discrimination
25 the 26 discrimination
27 of 30 care
28 elderly 30 care
29 requiring 30 care

conclusions : the elderly requiring care had a relative expansion of extracellular water in the legs , which could have masked actual muscle atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 6 care
2 : 7 had
2 : 17 ,
3 the 6 care
4 elderly 6 care
5 requiring 6 care
6 care 7 had
7 had 10 expansion
7 had 14 in
8 a 10 expansion
9 relative 10 expansion
10 expansion 11 of
11 of 13 water
12 extracellular 13 water
14 in 16 legs
15 the 16 legs
17 , 18 which
17 , 21 masked
18 which 19 could
19 could 20 have
20 have 21 masked
21 masked 24 atrophy
22 actual 23 muscle
23 muscle 24 atrophy

segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy would be useful for the assessment of skeletal muscle cell mass [and] sarcopenia in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 spectroscopy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 segmental 4 spectroscopy
2 bioelectrical 3 impedance
3 impedance 4 spectroscopy
4 spectroscopy 5 would
5 would 6 be
6 be 7 useful
7 useful 8 for
7 useful 18 in
8 for 10 assessment
9 the 10 assessment
10 assessment 11 of
11 of 17 sarcopenia
12 skeletal 17 sarcopenia
13 muscle 17 sarcopenia
14 cell 17 sarcopenia
15 mass 17 sarcopenia
18 in 20 elderly
19 the 20 elderly

aim : sarcopenia causes a decline in physical performance and decreased quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 sarcopenia
3 sarcopenia 10 and
4 causes 6 decline
4 causes 7 in
4 causes 10 and
5 a 6 decline
7 in 9 performance
8 physical 9 performance
10 and 11 decreased
10 and 12 quality
12 quality 13 of
13 of 14 life

however , there is little evidence for effective treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
5 little 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 for
7 for 9 treatments
8 effective 9 treatments

because of the similarities between osteoporosis and sarcopenia , alfacalcidol used for osteoporosis might be beneficial for low muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 because 10 alfacalcidol
1 because 15 be
1 because 20 mass
2 of 4 similarities
2 of 9 ,
2 of 10 alfacalcidol
3 the 4 similarities
4 similarities 5 between
5 between 7 and
6 osteoporosis 7 and
7 and 8 sarcopenia
10 alfacalcidol 11 used
10 alfacalcidol 14 might
11 used 12 for
12 for 13 osteoporosis
14 might 15 be
15 be 16 beneficial
16 beneficial 17 for
17 for 19 muscle
18 low 19 muscle

therefore , we investigated the effect of alfacalcidol on muscle mass [in] patients with low muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 effect
4 investigated 9 on
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 8 alfacalcidol
9 on 10 muscle
10 muscle 13 patients
10 muscle 17 mass
11 mass 13 patients
13 patients 14 with
13 patients 17 mass
14 with 16 muscle
15 low 16 muscle

methods : in this retrospective cohort analysis , patients from an osteoporosis database were divided into two groups : alfacalcidol - treated patients ( vitamin d [group] [;] n = 156 ) and a control group [without] drug treatment ( n = 233 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 analysis
4 this 7 analysis
5 retrospective 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 analysis
8 , 9 patients
8 , 15 divided
8 , 19 :
9 patients 10 from
9 patients 14 were
10 from 13 database
11 an 13 database
12 osteoporosis 13 database
14 were 15 divided
15 divided 16 into
16 into 18 groups
17 two 18 groups
19 : 20 alfacalcidol
19 : 33 and
20 alfacalcidol 23 patients
21 - 23 patients
22 treated 23 patients
23 patients 25 vitamin
23 patients 32 )
24 ( 25 vitamin
25 vitamin 26 d
25 vitamin 30 =
25 vitamin 32 )
29 n 30 =
30 = 31 156
33 and 36 group
33 and 38 drug
34 a 35 control
34 a 36 group
35 control 36 group
36 group 38 drug
38 drug 39 treatment
39 treatment 42 =
40 ( 42 =
41 n 42 =
42 = 43 233
42 = 44 )

muscle [mass] was evaluated in terms of the skeletal muscle index ( smi [;] [kg/m] ( 2 ) ) obtained from dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry measurements that were taken at the start and end of [a] 1 - year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
1 muscle 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 in
5 in 6 terms
6 terms 7 of
7 of 10 muscle
8 the 10 muscle
9 skeletal 10 muscle
10 muscle 11 index
10 muscle 20 obtained
11 index 13 smi
11 index 20 obtained
12 ( 13 smi
13 smi 17 2
13 smi 19 )
16 ( 17 2
17 2 18 )
20 obtained 21 from
21 from 29 measurements
22 dual 24 energy
22 dual 26 -
22 dual 27 ray
23 - 24 energy
24 energy 25 x
24 energy 26 -
27 ray 29 measurements
28 absorptiometry 29 measurements
29 measurements 30 that
29 measurements 31 were
30 that 31 were
31 were 32 taken
32 taken 33 at
33 at 36 and
34 the 35 start
35 start 36 and
36 and 37 end
36 and 38 of
36 and 43 period
38 of 40 1
41 - 43 period
42 year 43 period
43 period 44 .

low muscle [mass] was determined using specific smi cut - offs for japanese individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 low 2 muscle
2 muscle 4 was
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 using
6 using 8 smi
7 specific 8 smi
8 smi 9 cut
10 - 11 offs
11 offs 12 for
12 for 14 individuals
13 japanese 14 individuals

results : both the vitamin d group ( mean age 73.7 ± 9.8 years ) and the control group ( mean age 72.3 ± 11.9 years ) were primarily women ( n = 141 , 90.4 % [;] n = 189 , 81.1 % , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 3 both
2 : 16 and
3 both 4 the
3 both 7 group
4 the 7 group
5 vitamin 6 d
5 vitamin 7 group
7 group 14 years
8 ( 14 years
9 mean 10 age
10 age 14 years
11 73.7 14 years
12 ± 14 years
13 9.8 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 and 19 group
16 and 28 were
17 the 19 group
18 control 19 group
19 group 26 years
19 group 28 were
20 ( 26 years
21 mean 22 age
22 age 24 ±
23 72.3 24 ±
24 ± 26 years
25 11.9 26 years
26 years 27 )
28 were 29 primarily
28 were 30 women
28 were 46 respectively
30 women 33 =
30 women 37 %
30 women 44 %
31 ( 33 =
32 n 33 =
33 = 34 141
33 = 35 ,
35 , 37 %
36 90.4 37 %
37 % 40 =
37 % 42 ,
39 n 40 =
40 = 41 189
40 = 42 ,
42 , 44 %
43 81.1 44 %
44 % 45 ,
45 , 46 respectively
46 respectively 47 )

low muscle [mass] [was] identified in 32.7 % ( n = 51 ) of the vitamin d group and 32.2 % ( n = 75 [ )(of the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 low 2 muscle
2 muscle 5 identified
2 muscle 14 of
5 identified 6 in
6 in 8 %
7 32.7 8 %
8 % 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 51
11 = 13 )
14 of 18 group
15 the 18 group
16 vitamin 17 d
16 vitamin 18 group
19 and 21 %
19 and 30 group
20 32.2 21 %
21 % 24 =
21 % 30 group
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 75
25 75 27 )(of
27 )(of 29 control
28 the 29 control

the mean appendicular smi in the vitamin d group did not change significantly over the 1 - year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 smi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 smi
2 mean 4 smi
3 appendicular 4 smi
4 smi 5 in
4 smi 10 did
5 in 9 group
6 the 9 group
7 vitamin 8 d
7 vitamin 9 group
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 change
12 change 13 significantly
12 change 14 over
14 over 16 1
15 the 16 1
17 - 19 period
18 year 19 period

the change was significant among the patients with low muscle mass [(] 5.30 [kg/m] ( 2 [ )(vs 5.49 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 change
2 change 3 was
3 was 4 significant
4 significant 5 among
4 significant 8 with
5 among 7 patients
6 the 7 patients
8 with 11 mass
9 low 11 mass
10 muscle 11 mass
11 mass 13 5.30
11 mass 16 2
15 ( 16 2
16 2 18 )(vs
16 2 22 2
16 2 24 )
18 )(vs 20 kg/m
19 5.49 20 kg/m
21 ( 22 2
22 2 23 )

the mean appendicular smi in the control group decreased significantly over the 1 - year period ( 6.09 kg / [m] ( 2 [ )(vs 5.99 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 smi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 smi
2 mean 4 smi
3 appendicular 4 smi
4 smi 5 in
4 smi 9 decreased
5 in 8 group
6 the 8 group
7 control 8 group
9 decreased 10 significantly
9 decreased 11 over
11 over 13 1
12 the 13 1
14 - 16 period
15 year 16 period
16 period 20 /
17 ( 20 /
18 6.09 19 kg
19 kg 20 /
20 / 23 2
20 / 31 )
22 ( 23 2
23 2 25 )(vs
23 2 29 2
23 2 30 )
25 )(vs 27 kg/m
26 5.99 27 kg/m
28 ( 29 2
29 2 30 )

the change in the patients with low muscle [mass] was not significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 change
2 change 3 in
2 change 10 was
3 in 5 patients
4 the 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
6 with 8 muscle
7 low 8 muscle
10 was 11 not
10 was 12 significant

conclusions : the vitamin d group maintained muscle mass , and the smi increased in patients with low muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 mass
2 : 11 and
2 : 21 .
3 the 9 mass
4 vitamin 5 d
4 vitamin 7 maintained
6 group 7 maintained
7 maintained 8 muscle
8 muscle 9 mass
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 smi
11 and 20 mass
12 the 13 smi
13 smi 14 increased
13 smi 20 mass
14 increased 15 in
14 increased 17 with
15 in 16 patients
17 with 19 muscle
18 low 19 muscle

thus , the use of alfacalcidol might be effective in osteoporotic patients with low muscle [mass] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 use
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 7 might
5 of 6 alfacalcidol
7 might 8 be
8 be 9 effective
9 effective 10 in
9 effective 13 with
10 in 12 patients
11 osteoporotic 12 patients
13 with 15 muscle
14 low 15 muscle

aims : our aim was to clarify the association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of low muscle mass in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 20 mass
3 our 4 aim
4 aim 5 was
5 was 6 to
5 was 7 clarify
6 to 7 clarify
7 clarify 9 association
7 clarify 10 between
8 the 9 association
10 between 11 type
11 type 12 2
11 type 14 and
11 type 20 mass
13 diabetes 14 and
14 and 16 risk
14 and 17 of
14 and 20 mass
15 the 16 risk
17 of 19 muscle
18 low 19 muscle
20 mass 21 in
21 in 23 adults
22 older 23 adults

methods : in the present study , 414 adults aged 65 years or older ( 144 patients with type 2 diabetes and 270 control participants ) were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 8 414
2 : 27 were
3 in 6 study
3 in 7 ,
3 in 8 414
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
8 414 9 adults
8 414 10 aged
8 414 22 and
8 414 27 were
9 adults 10 aged
10 aged 13 or
11 65 12 years
12 years 13 or
13 or 14 older
15 ( 22 and
16 144 17 patients
17 patients 18 with
17 patients 22 and
18 with 21 diabetes
19 type 21 diabetes
20 2 21 diabetes
22 and 25 participants
22 and 26 )
23 270 25 participants
24 control 25 participants
27 were 28 included

body composition was measured by dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 composition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 body 2 composition
2 composition 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 by
5 by 8 energy
6 dual 7 -
6 dual 8 energy
8 energy 9 x
9 x 10 -
10 - 11 ray
11 ray 12 absorptiometry

results : older men with type 2 diabetes showed significantly lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass than those without diabetes [(] 19.5 ± 3.5 kg vs 21.0 ± 2.8 kg , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 men
3 older 4 men
4 men 5 with
4 men 8 diabetes
4 men 15 mass
5 with 6 type
6 type 7 2
8 diabetes 9 showed
9 showed 14 muscle
9 showed 15 mass
10 significantly 11 lower
11 lower 14 muscle
12 appendicular 14 muscle
13 skeletal 14 muscle
16 than 17 those
16 than 22 ±
17 those 18 without
17 those 22 ±
18 without 19 diabetes
19 diabetes 21 19.5
22 ± 24 kg
23 3.5 24 kg
24 kg 25 vs
25 vs 27 ±
26 21.0 27 ±
27 ± 32 <
28 2.8 29 kg
29 kg 32 <
30 , 32 <
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.001
32 < 34 )

the prevalence of low muscle [mass] was consistently higher in older men with diabetes than those without diabetes defined by asm/ht ( 2 ) ( 57.6 % vs 41.5 % , p = 0.040 ) , asm/wt ( 23.7 % vs 12.3 % , p = 0.046 ) and tsm/wt ( 49.2 % vs 20.0 % , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 7 was
3 of 5 muscle
4 low 5 muscle
7 was 9 higher
8 consistently 9 higher
9 higher 10 in
9 higher 15 than
9 higher 59 <
10 in 12 men
11 older 12 men
12 men 13 with
13 with 14 diabetes
15 than 49 and
16 those 17 without
16 those 49 and
17 without 18 diabetes
18 diabetes 19 defined
18 diabetes 20 by
18 diabetes 27 %
20 by 21 asm/ht
21 asm/ht 23 2
22 ( 23 2
23 2 24 )
25 ( 27 %
26 57.6 27 %
27 % 28 vs
27 % 48 )
28 vs 30 %
29 41.5 30 %
30 % 33 =
30 % 37 asm/wt
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.040
33 = 35 )
36 , 37 asm/wt
37 asm/wt 40 %
37 asm/wt 46 =
37 asm/wt 48 )
38 ( 40 %
39 23.7 40 %
40 % 41 vs
40 % 44 ,
41 vs 43 %
42 12.3 43 %
44 , 46 =
45 p 46 =
46 = 47 0.046
49 and 50 tsm/wt
49 and 53 %
51 ( 53 %
52 49.2 53 %
53 % 54 vs
53 % 57 ,
54 vs 56 %
55 20.0 56 %
58 p 59 <
59 < 60 0.001
59 < 61 )

in older women with diabetes , the prevalence of low muscle [mass] was higher than those without diabetes by asm/wt ( 25.9 % vs 15.0 % , p = 0.044 ) and tsm/wt ( 32.9 % vs 20.0 % , p = 0.030 ) , but not by asm/ht ( 2 ) ( 7.1 % vs 8.6 % , p = 0.685 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
1 in 3 women
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 prevalence
2 older 3 women
3 women 4 with
4 with 5 diabetes
7 the 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 13 was
9 of 11 muscle
10 low 11 muscle
13 was 14 higher
14 higher 15 than
14 higher 46 but
14 higher 48 by
15 than 16 those
15 than 19 by
16 those 17 without
17 without 18 diabetes
19 by 32 and
20 asm/wt 23 %
20 asm/wt 32 and
21 ( 23 %
22 25.9 23 %
23 % 24 vs
23 % 31 )
24 vs 26 %
25 15.0 26 %
26 % 29 =
27 , 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.044
29 = 31 )
32 and 33 tsm/wt
32 and 36 %
34 ( 36 %
35 32.9 36 %
36 % 37 vs
36 % 45 ,
37 vs 39 %
38 20.0 39 %
39 % 42 =
40 , 42 =
41 p 42 =
42 = 43 0.030
42 = 44 )
46 but 47 not
48 by 49 asm/ht
49 asm/ht 51 2
49 asm/ht 55 %
50 ( 51 2
51 2 52 )
53 ( 55 %
54 7.1 55 %
55 % 56 vs
55 % 63 )
56 vs 58 %
57 8.6 58 %
58 % 61 =
59 , 61 =
60 p 61 =
61 = 62 0.685
61 = 63 )

the risk of low muscle [mass] was approximately two [-] to fourfold higher in older adults with type 2 diabetes , even after adjusting for age , body mass index , current smoking and other risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 risk
2 risk 3 of
2 risk 7 was
3 of 5 muscle
4 low 5 muscle
7 was 13 higher
8 approximately 9 two
9 two 11 to
11 to 12 fourfold
11 to 13 higher
13 higher 14 in
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 with
17 with 20 diabetes
18 type 20 diabetes
19 2 20 diabetes
21 , 22 even
22 even 23 after
22 even 25 for
23 after 24 adjusting
25 for 34 and
26 age 27 ,
27 , 30 index
27 , 31 ,
28 body 30 index
29 mass 30 index
31 , 33 smoking
31 , 34 and
32 current 33 smoking
34 and 35 other
34 and 36 risk
34 and 37 factors
36 risk 37 factors

conclusions : in korean older adults , type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle [mass] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 adults
4 korean 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
7 , 8 type
7 , 12 associated
8 type 9 2
8 type 10 diabetes
8 type 11 is
8 type 12 associated
10 diabetes 11 is
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 muscle
14 low 15 muscle

aim : to examine whether arterial stiffness , measured by the cardio - ankle vascular index ( cavi ) , is associated with skeletal muscle [mass] [index] ( smi ) in japanese community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 whether
5 whether 7 stiffness
5 whether 22 associated
6 arterial 7 stiffness
7 stiffness 9 measured
7 stiffness 21 is
8 , 9 measured
9 measured 10 by
9 measured 20 ,
10 by 16 index
11 the 16 index
12 cardio 13 -
12 cardio 14 ankle
14 ankle 16 index
15 vascular 16 index
16 index 18 cavi
17 ( 18 cavi
18 cavi 19 )
21 is 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
22 associated 31 in
23 with 25 muscle
24 skeletal 25 muscle
25 muscle 29 smi
28 ( 29 smi
29 smi 30 )
31 in 37 adults
32 japanese 37 adults
33 community 35 dwelling
35 dwelling 37 adults
36 older 37 adults

absolute smi was dichotomized according to the first quintile , which determined low ( n = 35 ) and normal ( n = 140 ) smi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 smi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dichotomized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 absolute 2 smi
2 smi 3 was
3 was 4 dichotomized
4 dichotomized 6 to
5 according 6 to
6 to 9 quintile
7 the 9 quintile
8 first 9 quintile
10 , 11 which
10 , 12 determined
11 which 12 determined
12 determined 26 smi
13 low 16 =
13 low 19 and
14 ( 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 17 35
16 = 18 )
19 and 20 normal
19 and 26 smi
20 normal 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 140
23 = 25 )

results : participants with low smi were older ( p = 0.01 ) , had more polypharmacy ( p = 0.01 ) , [a] lower bmi ( p < 0.001 ) , and fat mass index ( p = 0.02 ) , and had a greater risk of malnutrition ( p < 0.001 ) than the normal group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
2 : 3 participants
2 : 14 ,
3 participants 4 with
3 participants 14 ,
4 with 6 smi
5 low 6 smi
7 were 8 older
7 were 14 ,
8 older 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.01
11 = 13 )
14 , 23 ,
14 , 52 <
14 , 55 than
15 had 17 polypharmacy
15 had 23 ,
16 more 17 polypharmacy
17 polypharmacy 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.01
20 = 22 )
23 , 43 and
25 lower 33 and
25 lower 43 and
26 bmi 29 <
26 bmi 33 and
27 ( 29 <
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.001
29 < 31 )
32 , 33 and
33 and 36 index
33 and 39 =
34 fat 35 mass
35 mass 36 index
37 ( 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.02
39 = 41 )
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 had
44 had 47 risk
45 a 47 risk
46 greater 47 risk
47 risk 48 of
48 of 49 malnutrition
50 ( 52 <
51 p 52 <
52 < 53 0.001
52 < 54 )
55 than 58 group
56 the 58 group
57 normal 58 group

additionally , they showed poorer physical performance ( gs and sw , p = 0.007 and 0.01 , respectively ) than the normal group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 they
3 they 4 showed
4 showed 7 performance
4 showed 16 and
4 showed 19 respectively
4 showed 21 than
5 poorer 7 performance
6 physical 7 performance
7 performance 11 sw
7 performance 14 =
8 ( 11 sw
9 gs 10 and
10 and 11 sw
11 sw 12 ,
12 , 14 =
13 p 14 =
14 = 15 0.007
16 and 17 0.01
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 )
21 than 24 group
22 the 24 group
23 normal 24 group

furthermore , cavi was associated with smi even after adjustments ( or 1.82 , 95 % ci 1.14 - 2.90 , p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cavi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 cavi
3 cavi 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 8 even
6 with 7 smi
8 even 9 after
8 even 23 =
9 after 10 adjustments
10 adjustments 12 or
11 ( 12 or
12 or 13 1.82
12 or 17 ci
12 or 19 -
14 , 17 ci
15 95 17 ci
16 % 17 ci
17 ci 18 1.14
17 ci 19 -
20 2.90 23 =
21 , 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.01
23 = 25 )

conclusions : our data showed that arterial stiffness is associated with low smi in community [-] dwelling older adults , even when adjusting by multiple factors , showing a close interaction of vascular aging and muscle mass decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 showed
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 stiffness
6 that 10 associated
7 arterial 8 stiffness
8 stiffness 9 is
9 is 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 in
11 with 13 smi
12 low 13 smi
14 in 19 adults
15 community 17 dwelling
17 dwelling 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
19 adults 28 showing
20 , 21 even
20 , 22 when
22 when 23 adjusting
22 when 27 ,
22 when 28 showing
23 adjusting 24 by
24 by 26 factors
25 multiple 26 factors
28 showing 30 close
29 a 30 close
30 close 35 and
30 close 38 decline
31 interaction 32 of
31 interaction 35 and
32 of 34 aging
33 vascular 34 aging
35 and 37 mass
35 and 38 decline
36 muscle 37 mass

aim : to develop a simple screening test to identify older adults at high risk for sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 develop
3 to 4 develop
4 develop 8 test
4 develop 9 to
5 a 6 simple
5 a 8 test
6 simple 8 test
7 screening 8 test
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 12 adults
10 identify 13 at
11 older 12 adults
13 at 15 risk
14 high 15 risk
15 risk 16 for
16 for 17 sarcopenia

methods : we studied 1971 functionally [independent] , community - dwelling adults aged 65 years or older randomly [selected] from the resident register of kashiwa city , chiba , japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 studied
2 : 8 ,
2 : 10 -
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 5 1971
4 studied 6 functionally
8 , 9 community
10 - 26 city
10 - 27 ,
10 - 31 .
11 dwelling 26 city
12 adults 15 years
13 aged 15 years
14 65 15 years
15 years 16 or
16 or 17 older
16 or 26 city
17 older 18 randomly
17 older 20 from
20 from 23 register
21 the 23 register
22 resident 23 register
23 register 24 of
24 of 25 kashiwa
27 , 28 chiba
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 japan

data [collection] was carried out between september and november 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 data 3 was
3 was 4 carried
4 carried 5 out
4 carried 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 september 8 and
8 and 9 november
9 november 10 2012

sarcopenia [was] defined based on low muscle mass measured by bioimpedance analysis and either low muscle strength characterized by handgrip or low physical performance characterized by slow gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 sarcopenia 3 defined
1 sarcopenia 4 based
1 sarcopenia 10 by
1 sarcopenia 13 and
4 based 5 on
4 based 9 measured
5 on 7 muscle
6 low 7 muscle
8 mass 9 measured
10 by 12 analysis
11 bioimpedance 12 analysis
13 and 15 low
13 and 21 or
14 either 15 low
16 muscle 17 strength
16 muscle 19 by
16 muscle 21 or
17 strength 18 characterized
19 by 20 handgrip
21 or 22 low
22 low 24 performance
23 physical 24 performance
24 performance 25 characterized
25 characterized 26 by
26 by 29 speed
27 slow 28 gait
28 gait 29 speed

results : the prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.2 % in men and 22.1 % in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 7 was
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 7 was
5 of 6 sarcopenia
7 was 9 %
8 14.2 9 %
9 % 10 in
10 in 12 and
11 men 12 and
12 and 16 women
13 22.1 15 in
14 % 15 in
15 in 16 women

after the variable selection procedure , the final model to estimate the probability of sarcopenia included three variables : age , grip strength and calf circumference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 after 5 procedure
1 after 6 ,
1 after 9 model
2 the 5 procedure
3 variable 5 procedure
4 selection 5 procedure
7 the 9 model
8 final 9 model
9 model 10 to
9 model 16 included
9 model 19 :
10 to 11 estimate
11 estimate 13 probability
11 estimate 16 included
12 the 13 probability
13 probability 14 of
13 probability 16 included
14 of 15 sarcopenia
16 included 18 variables
17 three 18 variables
19 : 24 and
20 age 21 ,
21 , 23 strength
21 , 24 and
22 grip 23 strength
24 and 26 circumference
25 calf 26 circumference

the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve , a measure of discrimination , of the final model was 0.939 with 95 % confidence [interval] ( ci ) of 0.918 - 0.958 for men , and [0.909] with 95 % ci of 0.887 - 0.931 for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 area
2 area 3 under
2 area 15 of
2 area 19 was
3 under 8 curve
4 the 8 curve
5 receiver 6 operating
6 operating 8 curve
7 characteristic 8 curve
8 curve 13 discrimination
9 , 13 discrimination
10 a 11 measure
11 measure 12 of
11 measure 13 discrimination
12 of 13 discrimination
13 discrimination 14 ,
15 of 18 model
16 the 18 model
17 final 18 model
19 was 20 0.939
20 0.939 21 with
20 0.939 29 of
21 with 24 confidence
22 95 24 confidence
23 % 24 confidence
24 confidence 27 ci
26 ( 27 ci
27 ci 28 )
29 of 30 0.918
31 - 32 0.958
32 0.958 36 and
32 0.958 42 of
33 for 34 men
33 for 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 with
38 with 41 ci
39 95 41 ci
40 % 41 ci
42 of 44 -
43 0.887 44 -
44 - 45 0.931
44 - 46 for
46 for 47 women

we created a score chart for each sex based on the final model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 created
2 created 5 chart
3 a 5 chart
4 score 5 chart
5 chart 6 for
6 for 8 sex
7 each 8 sex
8 sex 9 based
9 based 10 on
10 on 13 model
11 the 13 model
12 final 13 model

when the sum of sensitivity and specificity was maximized , sensitivity , specificity , and positive and negative predictive values for sarcopenia were 84.9 % , 88.2 % , 54.4 % , [and] 97.2 % for men , 75.5 % , 92.0 % , 72.8 % , [and] 93.0 % for women , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 when 3 sum
1 when 9 maximized
1 when 15 and
2 the 3 sum
3 sum 4 of
3 sum 8 was
4 of 6 and
5 sensitivity 6 and
6 and 7 specificity
8 was 9 maximized
9 maximized 10 ,
11 sensitivity 12 ,
12 , 13 specificity
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 20 values
15 and 21 for
15 and 23 were
16 positive 17 and
17 and 18 negative
17 and 20 values
19 predictive 20 values
21 for 22 sarcopenia
23 were 25 %
23 were 54 respectively
24 84.9 25 %
25 % 28 %
25 % 31 %
25 % 35 %
26 , 28 %
27 88.2 28 %
28 % 29 ,
29 , 31 %
30 54.4 31 %
31 % 32 ,
32 , 35 %
34 97.2 35 %
35 % 36 for
35 % 53 ,
36 for 37 men
37 men 40 %
37 men 43 %
37 men 46 %
38 , 40 %
39 75.5 40 %
40 % 41 ,
41 , 43 %
42 92.0 43 %
43 % 44 ,
44 , 46 %
45 72.8 46 %
46 % 50 %
46 % 53 ,
47 , 50 %
49 93.0 50 %
50 % 51 for
50 % 53 ,
51 for 52 women

conclusions : the presence of sarcopenia could be detected using three easily obtainable variables with high accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 presence
2 : 9 detected
2 : 18 .
3 the 4 presence
4 presence 5 of
4 presence 7 could
5 of 6 sarcopenia
7 could 8 be
8 be 9 detected
9 detected 10 using
10 using 14 variables
10 using 15 with
11 three 14 variables
12 easily 13 obtainable
13 obtainable 14 variables
15 with 17 accuracy
16 high 17 accuracy

the screening test we developed could help identify functionally independent older adults with sarcopenia who are good candidates for intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 test
2 screening 3 test
3 test 4 we
3 test 5 developed
3 test 6 could
4 we 5 developed
6 could 7 help
7 help 8 identify
8 identify 12 adults
9 functionally 10 independent
10 independent 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 13 with
12 adults 15 who
12 adults 16 are
13 with 14 sarcopenia
15 who 16 are
16 are 18 candidates
17 good 18 candidates
18 candidates 19 for
19 for 20 intervention

aim : the present study aimed to evaluate age - related changes in skeletal muscle mass among community [-] dwelling middle [-] aged and elderly japanese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 aimed
2 : 10 -
2 : 27 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 9 age
10 - 12 changes
10 - 16 mass
11 related 12 changes
12 changes 13 in
12 changes 16 mass
13 in 15 muscle
14 skeletal 15 muscle
16 mass 17 among
17 among 26 japanese
18 community 26 japanese
20 dwelling 26 japanese
21 middle 26 japanese
23 aged 24 and
24 and 25 elderly
24 and 26 japanese

methods : [this] 12 - year longitudinal study of a community - dwelling population in japan included 15,948 examinations of 1962 men and 1990 women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 12
4 12 8 study
5 - 8 study
6 year 8 study
7 longitudinal 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 12 -
9 of 11 community
10 a 11 community
12 - 14 population
12 - 17 included
13 dwelling 14 population
14 population 15 in
14 population 17 included
15 in 16 japan
17 included 23 and
18 15,948 19 examinations
19 examinations 20 of
19 examinations 23 and
20 of 22 men
21 1962 22 men
23 and 25 women
24 1990 25 women

we assessed appendicular muscle [mass] ( amm ) using dual [x] - ray absorptiometry and calculated the skeletal muscle index ( smi ) using the amm divided by height squared ( [kg] / [m] ( 2 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 15 and
2 assessed 4 muscle
2 assessed 9 using
2 assessed 15 and
3 appendicular 4 muscle
4 muscle 7 amm
6 ( 7 amm
7 amm 8 )
9 using 14 absorptiometry
10 dual 12 -
10 dual 13 ray
13 ray 14 absorptiometry
15 and 16 calculated
16 calculated 20 index
16 calculated 24 using
17 the 20 index
18 skeletal 19 muscle
19 muscle 20 index
20 index 22 smi
21 ( 22 smi
22 smi 23 )
24 using 26 amm
24 using 28 by
25 the 26 amm
26 amm 27 divided
28 by 29 height
29 height 30 squared
29 height 33 /
31 ( 33 /
33 / 36 2
33 / 38 )
35 ( 36 2
36 2 37 )

low muscle [mass] was defined as muscle mass minus two standard deviations below the mean for young healthy adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 low 2 muscle
2 muscle 4 was
4 was 5 defined
5 defined 6 as
6 as 12 deviations
7 muscle 12 deviations
8 mass 9 minus
9 minus 12 deviations
10 two 11 standard
11 standard 12 deviations
12 deviations 13 below
12 deviations 16 for
13 below 15 mean
14 the 15 mean
16 for 19 adults
17 young 19 adults
18 healthy 19 adults

leg extension power ( watts ) was measured as an index of muscle [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 power
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 leg 3 power
2 extension 3 power
3 power 5 watts
3 power 7 was
4 ( 5 watts
5 watts 6 )
7 was 8 measured
8 measured 9 as
9 as 11 index
10 an 11 index
11 index 12 of
12 of 13 muscle

longitudinal data of skeletal muscle mass were analyzed using a general linear [mixed] - effect model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 longitudinal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 longitudinal 2 data
1 longitudinal 6 mass
1 longitudinal 7 were
2 data 3 of
2 data 6 mass
3 of 5 muscle
4 skeletal 5 muscle
7 were 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 9 using
9 using 16 model
10 a 11 general
10 a 16 model
11 general 15 effect
12 linear 14 -
12 linear 15 effect
15 effect 16 model

results : the prevalence of low muscle [mass] at the first wave of examinations was 27.1 % in men and 16.4 % in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 15 was
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 15 was
5 of 7 muscle
6 low 7 muscle
7 muscle 9 at
9 at 12 wave
10 the 12 wave
11 first 12 wave
12 wave 13 of
13 of 14 examinations
15 was 17 %
16 27.1 17 %
17 % 18 in
18 in 20 and
19 men 20 and
20 and 24 women
21 16.4 23 in
22 % 23 in
23 in 24 women

longitudinal analysis showed that skeletal muscle mass decreased with aging during the 12 - year study period except in middle [-] aged men , and to a greater extent in elderly men ( p [for] [trend] , < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 longitudinal 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 7 mass
3 showed 8 decreased
4 that 7 mass
5 skeletal 6 muscle
6 muscle 7 mass
7 mass 8 decreased
8 decreased 9 with
8 decreased 25 and
8 decreased 30 in
9 with 10 aging
11 during 13 12
11 during 25 and
12 the 13 12
13 12 17 period
14 - 17 period
15 year 16 study
16 study 17 period
17 period 18 except
17 period 24 ,
18 except 19 in
19 in 23 men
20 middle 22 aged
22 aged 23 men
25 and 26 to
26 to 29 extent
27 a 29 extent
28 greater 29 extent
30 in 32 men
31 elderly 32 men
32 men 34 p
32 men 39 0.001
33 ( 34 p
34 p 37 ,
37 , 39 0.001
38 < 39 0.001
39 0.001 40 )

skeletal muscle [mass] decreased slightly , but significantly , in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 skeletal 2 muscle
2 muscle 4 decreased
4 decreased 5 slightly
4 decreased 7 but
4 decreased 10 in
6 , 7 but
7 but 8 significantly
7 but 9 ,
10 in 11 women

although a cross - sectional analysis showed that smi did not differ with age in women , leg extension power per leg muscle mass and grip strength per arm muscle mass as indices of muscle quality were significantly lower in older women ( p [for] [trend] , < 0.001 for both ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 although 3 cross
1 although 4 -
1 although 6 analysis
2 a 3 cross
5 sectional 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 showed
7 showed 8 that
8 that 9 smi
8 that 12 differ
9 smi 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 differ
12 differ 13 with
12 differ 15 in
13 with 14 age
15 in 16 women
17 , 25 and
17 , 37 were
18 leg 19 extension
19 extension 20 power
20 power 21 per
20 power 25 and
21 per 24 mass
22 leg 24 mass
23 muscle 24 mass
25 and 27 strength
25 and 37 were
26 grip 27 strength
27 strength 28 per
27 strength 32 as
27 strength 34 of
28 per 31 mass
29 arm 31 mass
30 muscle 31 mass
32 as 33 indices
34 of 36 quality
35 muscle 36 quality
37 were 39 lower
38 significantly 39 lower
39 lower 40 in
40 in 42 women
41 older 42 women
42 women 44 p
42 women 49 0.001
43 ( 44 p
44 p 47 ,
47 , 49 0.001
48 < 49 0.001
49 0.001 50 for
49 0.001 52 )
50 for 51 both

conclusion : age - related decreases in muscle [mass] were trivial , especially in women , but the quality of muscle decreased with aging in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 age
4 - 6 decreases
4 - 10 were
4 - 17 but
5 related 6 decreases
6 decreases 7 in
6 decreases 10 were
7 in 8 muscle
10 were 11 trivial
11 trivial 14 in
12 , 13 especially
12 , 14 in
14 in 15 women
14 in 16 ,
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 quality
17 but 22 decreased
18 the 19 quality
19 quality 20 of
19 quality 22 decreased
20 of 21 muscle
22 decreased 23 with
23 with 24 aging
24 aging 25 in
25 in 27 sexes
26 both 27 sexes

aims : studies about sarcopenia in asia [are] fewer , and started later than in europe and america . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 aims 2 :
2 : 11 and
3 studies 4 about
3 studies 6 in
3 studies 9 fewer
3 studies 11 and
4 about 5 sarcopenia
6 in 7 asia
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 started
11 and 13 later
11 and 14 than
14 than 15 in
15 in 17 and
16 europe 17 and
17 and 18 america

we attempted to examine the decline in muscle [mass] , grip strength and gait speed in a cohort of older chinese prospectively over 4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attempted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 attempted
2 attempted 3 to
2 attempted 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 decline
4 examine 7 in
5 the 6 decline
7 in 8 muscle
10 , 13 and
10 , 15 speed
11 grip 12 strength
12 strength 13 and
13 and 14 gait
13 and 15 speed
15 speed 16 in
15 speed 22 prospectively
15 speed 23 over
16 in 18 cohort
17 a 18 cohort
18 cohort 19 of
19 of 21 chinese
20 older 21 chinese
23 over 25 years
24 4 25 years

methods : we recruited 4000 [community] - living chinese older than 64 years , and measured their appendicular skeletal mass ( asm ) by dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry , grip strength , and gait speed at baseline and after 2 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 15 and
2 : 32 ,
3 we 15 and
4 recruited 5 4000
4 recruited 15 and
5 4000 8 living
7 - 8 living
8 living 9 chinese
8 living 14 ,
9 chinese 10 older
10 older 11 than
11 than 13 years
12 64 13 years
15 and 16 measured
15 and 24 by
16 measured 20 mass
17 their 20 mass
18 appendicular 20 mass
19 skeletal 20 mass
20 mass 22 asm
21 ( 22 asm
22 asm 23 )
24 by 31 absorptiometry
25 dual 27 energy
25 dual 30 ray
26 - 27 energy
27 energy 28 x
27 energy 29 -
30 ray 31 absorptiometry
32 , 36 and
32 , 38 speed
33 grip 34 strength
34 strength 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 gait
36 and 38 speed
38 speed 41 and
39 at 40 baseline
39 at 41 and
41 and 42 after
42 after 44 years
43 2 44 years

muscle mass and gait speed were additionally measured after 4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 muscle 2 mass
3 and 5 speed
3 and 6 were
4 gait 5 speed
5 speed 6 were
6 were 7 additionally
6 were 8 measured
8 measured 9 after
9 after 11 years
10 4 11 years

results : after 4 years , 3018 participants completed all the measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 after
3 after 5 years
4 4 5 years
6 , 8 participants
6 , 9 completed
7 3018 8 participants
8 participants 9 completed
9 completed 10 all
10 all 11 the
10 all 12 measurements
11 the 12 measurements

muscle [mass] was [relatively] preserved in comparison with grip strength and gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 preserved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 muscle 3 was
3 was 5 preserved
5 preserved 6 in
5 preserved 8 with
6 in 7 comparison
8 with 11 and
9 grip 10 strength
10 strength 11 and
11 and 13 speed
12 gait 13 speed

the percentage loss of asm in 4 years was - 1.59 % [and] - 2.02 % in men and women , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 loss
2 percentage 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
3 loss 9 was
4 of 5 asm
5 asm 6 in
6 in 8 years
7 4 8 years
9 was 12 %
9 was 22 respectively
10 - 11 1.59
11 1.59 12 %
12 % 19 and
14 - 19 and
15 2.02 17 in
16 % 17 in
17 in 18 men
18 men 19 and
19 and 20 women
19 and 21 ,

the percentage decline in gait speed after 4 years was - 8.2 % in men and - 9.0 % in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 decline
2 percentage 3 decline
3 decline 4 in
3 decline 10 was
4 in 6 speed
5 gait 6 speed
6 speed 7 after
7 after 9 years
8 4 9 years
10 was 13 %
11 - 12 8.2
12 8.2 13 %
13 % 14 in
14 in 16 and
15 men 16 and
16 and 21 women
17 - 18 9.0
18 9.0 20 in
19 % 20 in
20 in 21 women

however , the decline in grip strength was more rapid , particularly in women , which was - 10.0 % in 2 years and less [so] in men , - 3.85 % in 2 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 decline
3 the 4 decline
4 decline 5 in
4 decline 8 was
5 in 7 strength
6 grip 7 strength
8 was 9 more
8 was 10 rapid
10 rapid 13 in
11 , 12 particularly
11 , 13 in
13 in 14 women
13 in 15 ,
15 , 16 which
15 , 17 was
16 which 17 was
17 was 28 men
18 - 19 10.0
19 10.0 21 in
20 % 21 in
21 in 28 men
22 2 27 in
23 years 24 and
24 and 25 less
24 and 27 in
27 in 28 men
28 men 32 %
29 , 32 %
30 - 31 3.85
31 3.85 32 %
32 % 33 in
32 % 36 .
33 in 35 years
34 2 35 years

conclusion : compared with black people and white people , the [older] chinese have less muscle mass , weaker grip strength and slower gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
4 with 7 and
5 black 6 people
6 people 7 and
7 and 9 people
8 white 9 people
10 , 13 chinese
10 , 17 mass
10 , 18 ,
11 the 13 chinese
13 chinese 14 have
14 have 16 muscle
14 have 17 mass
15 less 16 muscle
18 , 22 and
18 , 25 speed
19 weaker 20 grip
20 grip 21 strength
21 strength 22 and
22 and 24 gait
22 and 25 speed
23 slower 24 gait

although the rate of loss of asm was modest , the decline in gait speed was rapid and the decline in grip strength was particularly fast in older chinese women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 3 rate
1 although 8 was
1 although 10 ,
1 although 12 decline
2 the 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 8 was
4 of 5 loss
5 loss 6 of
6 of 7 asm
8 was 9 modest
11 the 12 decline
12 decline 13 in
12 decline 16 was
13 in 15 speed
14 gait 15 speed
16 was 17 rapid
18 and 20 decline
18 and 24 was
19 the 20 decline
20 decline 21 in
20 decline 24 was
21 in 23 strength
22 grip 23 strength
24 was 26 fast
25 particularly 26 fast
26 fast 27 in
27 in 30 women
28 older 30 women
29 chinese 30 women

methods : using the whole community sampling method , a total of 285 men and 264 women aged over 65 years were randomly sampled ( response rate [=] 50 [%] ) from tianliao district , southern taiwan , in 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 6 community
4 the 6 community
5 whole 6 community
6 community 7 sampling
7 sampling 8 method
9 , 15 and
10 a 11 total
11 total 12 of
11 total 15 and
12 of 14 men
13 285 14 men
15 and 17 women
16 264 17 women
17 women 18 aged
18 aged 19 over
18 aged 32 from
18 aged 39 in
19 over 20 65
20 65 21 years
20 65 22 were
20 65 24 sampled
20 65 27 rate
21 years 22 were
22 were 23 randomly
25 ( 27 rate
26 response 27 rate
27 rate 29 50
27 rate 31 )
32 from 34 district
33 tianliao 34 district
34 district 37 taiwan
35 , 37 taiwan
36 southern 37 taiwan
37 taiwan 38 ,
39 in 40 2012

participants were interviewed by trained investigators to complete a validated structural questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 interviewed
3 interviewed 4 by
3 interviewed 7 to
4 by 6 investigators
5 trained 6 investigators
7 to 8 complete
8 complete 12 questionnaire
9 a 12 questionnaire
10 validated 12 questionnaire
11 structural 12 questionnaire

body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis , and skeletal muscle mass was estimated by janssen 's equation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 body 2 composition
1 body 3 was
1 body 4 measured
1 body 14 was
2 composition 3 was
4 measured 5 by
5 by 10 and
6 bioelectrical 7 impedance
7 impedance 8 analysis
8 analysis 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 mass
11 skeletal 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 mass
14 was 15 estimated
15 estimated 16 by
16 by 19 equation
17 janssen 18 's
18 's 19 equation

the mini - nutritional assessment ( mna ) score , short portable mental status questionnaire , grip strength , gait speed and short physical performance battery ( sppb ) were obtained by the standard procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 9 score
2 mini 7 mna
2 mini 9 score
3 - 7 mna
4 nutritional 5 assessment
5 assessment 7 mna
6 ( 7 mna
7 mna 8 )
10 , 22 and
10 , 31 obtained
11 short 12 portable
12 portable 13 mental
13 mental 14 status
14 status 15 questionnaire
15 questionnaire 16 ,
16 , 18 strength
16 , 19 ,
17 grip 18 strength
19 , 21 speed
19 , 22 and
20 gait 21 speed
22 and 26 battery
22 and 28 sppb
22 and 30 were
23 short 26 battery
24 physical 25 performance
25 performance 26 battery
27 ( 28 sppb
28 sppb 29 )
30 were 31 obtained
31 obtained 32 by
32 by 35 procedures
33 the 35 procedures
34 standard 35 procedures

sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were defined according to the 2010 consensus of the report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 sarcopenia 2 and
2 and 4 sarcopenia
2 and 5 were
3 severe 4 sarcopenia
5 were 6 defined
6 defined 8 to
6 defined 20 on
7 according 8 to
8 to 11 consensus
9 the 11 consensus
10 2010 11 consensus
11 consensus 12 of
11 consensus 15 of
12 of 14 report
13 the 14 report
15 of 19 group
16 the 17 european
17 european 19 group
18 working 19 group
20 on 24 people
21 sarcopenia 22 in
21 sarcopenia 24 people
22 in 23 older

results : of the 549 study participants , 39 ( 7.1 % ) were classified as having sarcopenia and 31 ( 5.6 % ) [participants] were classified as having severe sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 9 39
2 : 14 were
2 : 19 and
3 of 7 participants
3 of 8 ,
3 of 9 39
4 the 5 549
5 549 7 participants
6 study 7 participants
9 39 12 %
9 39 14 were
10 ( 12 %
11 7.1 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 were 15 classified
15 classified 16 as
16 as 18 sarcopenia
17 having 18 sarcopenia
19 and 20 31
19 and 27 classified
20 31 23 %
20 31 26 were
21 ( 23 %
22 5.6 23 %
23 % 24 )
26 were 27 classified
27 classified 28 as
28 as 31 sarcopenia
29 having 31 sarcopenia
30 severe 31 sarcopenia

using multiple logistic regression models , the age , sex , working status , waist circumference , body mass index , hypertensive history , mna and sppb score were independently associated with different stages of sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 using 5 models
1 using 6 ,
1 using 26 and
2 multiple 4 regression
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 models
7 the 8 age
8 age 9 ,
9 , 10 sex
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 status
11 , 14 ,
12 working 13 status
14 , 16 circumference
14 , 17 ,
15 waist 16 circumference
17 , 20 index
17 , 21 ,
18 body 20 index
19 mass 20 index
21 , 23 history
21 , 24 ,
22 hypertensive 23 history
24 , 25 mna
24 , 26 and
26 and 28 score
26 and 29 were
27 sppb 28 score
29 were 31 associated
30 independently 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
32 with 34 stages
33 different 34 stages
34 stages 35 of
35 of 36 sarcopenia

conclusions : approximately one - fifth of community [-] dwelling older adults were facing the threat of sarcopenia in southern taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 one
3 approximately 4 one
5 - 6 fifth
5 - 13 were
6 fifth 7 of
6 fifth 13 were
7 of 12 adults
8 community 10 dwelling
10 dwelling 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 were 14 facing
14 facing 16 threat
15 the 16 threat
16 threat 17 of
17 of 18 sarcopenia
18 sarcopenia 19 in
19 in 21 taiwan
20 southern 21 taiwan

the older age , female sex , lower body mass index , higher waist circumference , a history [of] hypertension , lower mna or sppb score and not working regularly were associated factors for either sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 age
2 older 3 age
3 age 4 ,
4 , 6 sex
4 , 7 ,
5 female 6 sex
7 , 11 index
7 , 12 ,
8 lower 9 body
9 body 11 index
10 mass 11 index
12 , 15 circumference
12 , 16 ,
13 higher 14 waist
14 waist 15 circumference
16 , 20 hypertension
16 , 21 ,
17 a 18 history
17 a 20 hypertension
18 history 20 hypertension
21 , 23 mna
21 , 24 or
22 lower 23 mna
24 or 25 sppb
24 or 26 score
27 and 28 not
27 and 29 working
27 and 31 were
29 working 30 regularly
29 working 31 were
31 were 33 factors
31 were 34 for
32 associated 33 factors
34 for 39 sarcopenia
35 either 39 sarcopenia
36 sarcopenia 37 or
37 or 38 severe
37 or 39 sarcopenia

aim : to define quadriceps strength cut - off points for both sexes to be used in the working diagnosis of sarcopenia in older asian people , and to [investigate] the age - related declines of sarcopenia - related variables and correlations between those variables among community - dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 define
3 to 4 define
4 define 5 quadriceps
5 quadriceps 6 strength
5 quadriceps 7 cut
6 strength 7 cut
8 - 13 sexes
9 off 10 points
9 off 13 sexes
11 for 12 both
11 for 13 sexes
13 sexes 14 to
13 sexes 21 of
13 sexes 22 sarcopenia
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 used
16 used 17 in
17 in 20 diagnosis
18 the 20 diagnosis
19 working 20 diagnosis
20 diagnosis 21 of
22 sarcopenia 28 and
23 in 26 people
23 in 28 and
24 older 25 asian
25 asian 26 people
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 to
29 to 41 and
31 the 40 variables
32 age 40 variables
33 - 34 related
34 related 35 declines
34 related 38 -
34 related 39 related
35 declines 36 of
36 of 37 sarcopenia
39 related 40 variables
40 variables 41 and
41 and 42 correlations
41 and 43 between
41 and 51 adults
43 between 45 variables
44 those 45 variables
45 variables 46 among
46 among 47 community
48 - 51 adults
49 dwelling 51 adults
50 older 51 adults
51 adults 52 .

methods : the present 3 - year prospective study was a part of the bangkok longitudinal study by siriraj hospital for older men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 present
3 the 4 present
4 present 5 3
6 - 9 study
6 - 10 was
6 - 26 .
7 year 9 study
8 prospective 9 study
9 study 10 was
10 was 24 and
11 a 24 and
12 part 13 of
12 part 21 for
12 part 24 and
13 of 17 study
14 the 17 study
15 bangkok 16 longitudinal
16 longitudinal 17 study
17 study 18 by
18 by 20 hospital
19 siriraj 20 hospital
21 for 23 men
22 older 23 men
24 and 25 women

data on 2149 participants aged ≥ 60 years were included in this analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 data 2 on
1 data 5 aged
2 on 4 participants
3 2149 4 participants
5 aged 6 ≥
6 ≥ 8 years
6 ≥ 9 were
6 ≥ 10 included
7 60 8 years
8 years 9 were
10 included 11 in
11 in 13 analysis
12 this 13 analysis

results : the quadriceps strength cut - off points , identified based on mobility decline over 2 years [of] follow up , were 18.0 kg for men and 16.0 kg for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 quadriceps
2 : 15 decline
3 the 4 quadriceps
4 quadriceps 5 strength
4 quadriceps 12 based
4 quadriceps 15 decline
5 strength 6 cut
5 strength 11 identified
5 strength 12 based
6 cut 8 off
7 - 8 off
8 off 9 points
8 off 10 ,
12 based 13 on
13 on 14 mobility
15 decline 16 over
16 over 30 kg
17 2 18 years
17 2 28 and
18 years 22 ,
20 follow 21 up
20 follow 22 ,
22 , 23 were
22 , 26 for
23 were 25 kg
24 18.0 25 kg
26 for 27 men
28 and 29 16.0
28 and 30 kg
30 kg 31 for
31 for 32 women

when these cut [-] off points were applied to the whole population aged ≥ 60 years ( n = 950 ) , the low quadriceps strength group had poorer results on all clinical variables when compared with the normal quadriceps strength group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 when 2 these
1 when 3 cut
1 when 22 ,
2 these 3 cut
3 cut 5 off
3 cut 6 points
7 were 8 applied
7 were 22 ,
8 applied 9 to
8 applied 14 ≥
9 to 12 population
10 the 12 population
11 whole 12 population
12 population 13 aged
14 ≥ 19 =
15 60 16 years
16 years 19 =
17 ( 19 =
18 n 19 =
19 = 20 950
19 = 21 )
22 , 42 group
23 the 27 group
24 low 26 strength
25 quadriceps 26 strength
26 strength 27 group
27 group 28 had
28 had 30 results
28 had 35 when
28 had 42 group
29 poorer 30 results
30 results 31 on
31 on 34 variables
32 all 34 variables
33 clinical 34 variables
35 when 36 compared
36 compared 37 with
37 with 40 quadriceps
37 with 41 strength
38 the 40 quadriceps
39 normal 40 quadriceps

although nearly all of the sarcopenia - related variables declined over 2 years [of] follow up in both older men and women , more significant differences between age groups were seen in older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 3 all
1 although 15 follow
2 nearly 3 all
3 all 4 of
4 of 6 sarcopenia
5 the 6 sarcopenia
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 variables
8 related 11 over
8 related 15 follow
9 variables 10 declined
11 over 13 years
12 2 13 years
15 follow 16 up
15 follow 17 in
17 in 21 and
18 both 21 and
19 older 20 men
20 men 21 and
21 and 22 women
23 , 26 differences
23 , 31 seen
24 more 26 differences
25 significant 26 differences
26 differences 27 between
26 differences 30 were
27 between 29 groups
28 age 29 groups
30 were 31 seen
31 seen 32 in
32 in 34 women
33 older 34 women

quadriceps strength had the highest degree [of] correlation with total lean [body] mass in all age groups ( r = 0.550 - 0.584 , p < 0.001 ) , followed by the 6 [-] min walk test in all age groups ( r = 0.449 - 0.516 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
1 quadriceps 2 strength
2 strength 3 had
3 had 8 correlation
3 had 9 with
3 had 13 mass
4 the 5 highest
4 the 8 correlation
6 degree 8 correlation
9 with 11 lean
10 total 11 lean
13 mass 14 in
13 mass 31 by
13 mass 38 in
14 in 16 age
15 all 16 age
16 age 17 groups
16 age 30 followed
17 groups 20 =
17 groups 30 followed
18 ( 20 =
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 0.550
21 0.550 23 0.584
22 - 23 0.584
23 0.584 26 <
23 0.584 29 ,
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.001
26 < 28 )
31 by 37 test
32 the 37 test
33 6 35 min
35 min 37 test
36 walk 37 test
38 in 41 groups
39 all 41 groups
40 age 41 groups
41 groups 44 =
42 ( 44 =
43 r 44 =
44 = 45 0.449
45 0.449 47 0.516
46 - 47 0.516
47 0.516 50 <
47 0.516 53 .
48 , 50 <
49 p 50 <
50 < 51 0.001
50 < 52 )

conclusions : the quadriceps strength cut - off points of 18.0 kg for older men and 16.0 kg [for] older women would be useful as a muscle strength measurement for use in any diagnostic algorithm ; for example [,] sarcopenia diagnosis in older asian people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 strength
3 the 5 strength
4 quadriceps 5 strength
5 strength 6 cut
7 - 8 off
7 - 23 be
7 - 36 ;
7 - 40 sarcopenia
7 - 46 .
8 off 23 be
9 points 10 of
9 points 13 for
9 points 22 would
10 of 12 kg
11 18.0 12 kg
13 for 21 women
14 older 21 women
15 men 16 and
16 and 20 older
16 and 21 women
17 16.0 18 kg
18 kg 20 older
22 would 23 be
23 be 24 useful
24 useful 25 as
24 useful 30 for
24 useful 32 in
25 as 29 measurement
26 a 27 muscle
26 a 29 measurement
27 muscle 29 measurement
28 strength 29 measurement
30 for 31 use
32 in 35 algorithm
33 any 35 algorithm
34 diagnostic 35 algorithm
36 ; 40 sarcopenia
37 for 38 example
38 example 40 sarcopenia
40 sarcopenia 41 diagnosis
41 diagnosis 42 in
42 in 45 people
43 older 44 asian
44 asian 45 people

aim : to develop cut - off points of muscle mass , gait speed and handgrip strength ; [and] to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia , and the relationship between sarcopenia stages and functional limitations and disability by using these cut - off points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 5 cut
3 to 4 develop
6 - 11 mass
6 - 12 ,
6 - 45 .
7 off 8 points
7 off 11 mass
8 points 9 of
9 of 10 muscle
12 , 15 and
12 , 18 ;
13 gait 14 speed
14 speed 15 and
15 and 17 strength
16 handgrip 17 strength
18 ; 20 to
18 ; 21 examine
20 to 21 examine
21 examine 23 prevalence
21 examine 30 between
21 examine 43 off
22 the 23 prevalence
23 prevalence 24 of
24 of 27 and
25 sarcopenia 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 relationship
28 the 29 relationship
30 between 36 and
31 sarcopenia 32 stages
32 stages 33 and
33 and 35 limitations
33 and 36 and
34 functional 35 limitations
36 and 37 disability
36 and 42 -
37 disability 38 by
37 disability 41 cut
38 by 39 using
39 using 40 these
43 off 44 points

methods : we pooled individual participant data of 2867 community [-] dwelling older adults from five cohort studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 pooled
3 we 4 pooled
4 pooled 7 data
5 individual 6 participant
6 participant 7 data
7 data 8 of
7 data 15 from
8 of 14 adults
9 2867 14 adults
10 community 12 dwelling
12 dwelling 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 from 18 studies
16 five 18 studies
17 cohort 18 studies

we defined the cut - off point of a muscle mass index ( asm/ht ( 2 ) ) as the values of two standard deviations below the sex [-] specific means of a young population [or] as the 20th percentile of the sex - specific distribution in our study population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 we 2 defined
2 defined 4 cut
3 the 4 cut
5 - 11 mass
6 off 7 point
6 off 11 mass
7 point 8 of
8 of 10 muscle
9 a 10 muscle
11 mass 12 index
11 mass 19 as
12 index 14 asm/ht
13 ( 14 asm/ht
14 asm/ht 16 2
14 asm/ht 18 )
15 ( 16 2
16 2 17 )
19 as 21 values
20 the 21 values
21 values 22 of
21 values 32 of
22 of 25 deviations
23 two 25 deviations
24 standard 25 deviations
25 deviations 26 below
26 below 31 means
27 the 31 means
28 sex 31 means
30 specific 31 means
32 of 40 percentile
33 a 34 young
33 a 40 percentile
34 young 35 population
35 population 37 as
37 as 39 20th
38 the 39 20th
40 percentile 41 of
41 of 43 sex
42 the 43 sex
43 sex 46 distribution
44 - 46 distribution
45 specific 46 distribution
46 distribution 47 in
46 distribution 51 .
47 in 50 population
48 our 50 population
49 study 50 population

the gait speed and handgrip strength cut - off points were defined as the 20th percentile of their population distributions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 speed
2 gait 3 speed
3 speed 4 and
4 and 7 cut
4 and 8 -
4 and 9 off
4 and 11 were
5 handgrip 7 cut
6 strength 7 cut
9 off 10 points
11 were 12 defined
12 defined 13 as
13 as 16 percentile
14 the 16 percentile
15 20th 16 percentile
16 percentile 17 of
17 of 20 distributions
18 their 20 distributions
19 population 20 distributions

we also measured functional limitations , using the short physical performance battery , and the number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living difficulties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measured
1 we 3 measured
2 also 3 measured
3 measured 5 limitations
3 measured 7 using
4 functional 5 limitations
6 , 7 using
7 using 22 and
7 using 29 .
8 the 12 battery
9 short 10 physical
10 physical 11 performance
11 performance 12 battery
12 battery 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 number
14 and 19 of
14 and 22 and
15 the 16 number
16 number 17 of
17 of 18 activities
19 of 21 living
20 daily 21 living
22 and 24 activities
22 and 25 of
23 instrumental 24 activities
25 of 28 difficulties
26 daily 27 living
27 living 28 difficulties

results : we identified the cut - off points of asm/ht ( 2 ) , gait speed and handgrip strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 identified
2 : 15 ,
2 : 21 .
3 we 4 identified
4 identified 6 cut
5 the 6 cut
6 cut 8 off
7 - 8 off
8 off 9 points
8 off 14 )
9 points 10 of
10 of 11 asm/ht
11 asm/ht 13 2
12 ( 13 2
13 2 14 )
15 , 18 and
16 gait 17 speed
17 speed 18 and
18 and 20 strength
19 handgrip 20 strength

by applying these cut - off points to our study population , the prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 3.9 % ( 2.5 % in women and 5.4 % in men ) to 7.3 % ( 6.5 % in women and 8.2 % in men ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 by 2 applying
1 by 14 prevalence
2 applying 3 these
4 cut 6 off
4 cut 12 ,
4 cut 14 prevalence
5 - 6 off
6 off 7 points
6 off 12 ,
7 points 8 to
8 to 11 population
9 our 11 population
10 study 11 population
13 the 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 of
14 prevalence 17 varied
15 of 16 sarcopenia
17 varied 18 from
17 varied 32 to
18 from 20 %
19 3.9 20 %
20 % 26 and
21 ( 26 and
22 2.5 24 in
23 % 24 in
24 in 25 women
25 women 26 and
26 and 30 men
26 and 31 )
27 5.4 29 in
28 % 29 in
29 in 30 men
32 to 34 %
33 7.3 34 %
34 % 40 and
35 ( 40 and
36 6.5 38 in
37 % 38 in
38 in 39 women
39 women 40 and
40 and 44 men
40 and 45 )
41 8.2 43 in
42 % 43 in
43 in 44 men

a higher sarcopenia stage was independently associated with a lower summary performance score , as well as more activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living difficulties ( p < 0.05 for all ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 stage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 a 4 stage
2 higher 4 stage
3 sarcopenia 4 stage
4 stage 5 was
5 was 7 associated
6 independently 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 13 score
9 a 13 score
10 lower 11 summary
11 summary 12 performance
12 performance 13 score
13 score 15 as
14 , 15 as
15 as 23 and
15 as 36 )
16 well 17 as
16 well 23 and
17 as 19 activities
18 more 19 activities
19 activities 20 of
20 of 22 living
21 daily 22 living
23 and 25 activities
23 and 26 of
23 and 34 for
24 instrumental 25 activities
26 of 29 difficulties
27 daily 28 living
28 living 29 difficulties
29 difficulties 32 <
30 ( 32 <
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.05
34 for 35 all

conclusions : the prevalence of sarcopenia in community [-] dwelling older adults is comparable with those in other populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 13 is
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 13 is
5 of 6 sarcopenia
6 sarcopenia 7 in
7 in 12 adults
8 community 10 dwelling
10 dwelling 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 is 14 comparable
14 comparable 15 with
14 comparable 17 in
15 with 16 those
17 in 19 populations
18 other 19 populations

a dose [-] response relationship exists between sarcopenia stages and functional limitations/disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 5 relationship
2 dose 5 relationship
4 response 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 exists
6 exists 7 between
7 between 10 and
8 sarcopenia 9 stages
9 stages 10 and
10 and 12 limitations/disability
11 functional 12 limitations/disability

the european working group on sarcopenia in older people consensus definition using these cut [-] off points is suitable for determining sarcopenia cases in the elderly population of taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 european
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 european
2 european 4 group
2 european 14 cut
2 european 18 is
3 working 4 group
4 group 5 on
4 group 7 in
4 group 12 using
4 group 14 cut
5 on 6 sarcopenia
7 in 11 definition
8 older 9 people
9 people 11 definition
10 consensus 11 definition
12 using 13 these
14 cut 16 off
16 off 17 points
18 is 19 suitable
19 suitable 20 for
19 suitable 24 in
20 for 21 determining
21 determining 23 cases
22 sarcopenia 23 cases
24 in 27 population
25 the 27 population
26 elderly 27 population
27 population 28 of
28 of 29 taiwan

aim : several operative definitions and screening methods for sarcopenia have been proposed in previous studies ; however , the opinions of researchers still differ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 and
2 : 13 proposed
2 : 17 ;
2 : 25 differ
2 : 26 .
3 several 5 definitions
4 operative 5 definitions
5 definitions 6 and
6 and 8 methods
6 and 9 for
6 and 11 have
7 screening 8 methods
9 for 10 sarcopenia
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 proposed
13 proposed 14 in
14 in 16 studies
15 previous 16 studies
17 ; 21 opinions
18 however 19 ,
18 however 21 opinions
20 the 21 opinions
21 opinions 22 of
21 opinions 25 differ
22 of 23 researchers
24 still 25 differ

we compared the prevalence of sarcopenia using two different algorithms : ( [i] [ )(the european working group on sarcopenia in older people ( ewgsop ) - suggested algorithm using gait speed as the first step [;] and [(] ii ) the muscle mass and strength algorithm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 prevalence
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
5 of 6 sarcopenia
6 sarcopenia 7 using
6 sarcopenia 11 :
6 sarcopenia 18 group
7 using 10 algorithms
7 using 11 :
8 two 10 algorithms
9 different 10 algorithms
12 ( 18 group
15 )(the 18 group
16 european 17 working
17 working 18 group
18 group 19 on
18 group 25 ewgsop
18 group 27 -
19 on 20 sarcopenia
20 sarcopenia 21 in
21 in 23 people
22 older 23 people
24 ( 25 ewgsop
25 ewgsop 26 )
27 - 28 suggested
28 suggested 32 speed
28 suggested 33 as
29 algorithm 32 speed
30 using 31 gait
31 gait 32 speed
33 as 38 and
34 the 35 first
34 the 36 step
36 step 38 and
38 and 47 algorithm
40 ii 41 )
40 ii 47 algorithm
42 the 44 mass
43 muscle 44 mass
44 mass 45 and
45 and 46 strength
45 and 47 algorithm

methods : a population - based , cross - sectional survey [of] adults aged over 65 years [was] carried out . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 population
3 a 4 population
4 population 6 based
5 - 6 based
6 based 7 ,
7 , 8 cross
7 , 9 -
9 - 13 adults
9 - 19 carried
9 - 21 .
10 sectional 13 adults
11 survey 13 adults
13 adults 14 aged
13 adults 19 carried
14 aged 15 over
15 over 17 years
16 65 17 years
19 carried 20 out

data on a total of 4811 participants were available for analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 data 2 on
1 data 8 were
2 on 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 participants
6 4811 7 participants
8 were 9 available
9 available 10 for
10 for 11 analysis

gait speed , grip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were assessed to determine sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 gait 2 speed
2 speed 3 ,
3 , 5 strength
3 , 6 and
4 grip 5 strength
6 and 10 mass
6 and 11 were
7 appendicular 9 muscle
8 skeletal 9 muscle
9 muscle 10 mass
11 were 12 assessed
12 assessed 13 to
13 to 14 determine
14 determine 15 sarcopenia

appendicular skeletal muscle [mass] was estimated from bioimpedance analysis measurements and expressed as skeletal muscle mass index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 appendicular 3 muscle
2 skeletal 3 muscle
3 muscle 5 was
5 was 6 estimated
6 estimated 7 from
7 from 11 and
8 bioimpedance 10 measurements
9 analysis 10 measurements
10 measurements 11 and
11 and 17 index
12 expressed 15 muscle
13 as 14 skeletal
14 skeletal 15 muscle
15 muscle 17 index
16 mass 17 index

grip strength and skeletal muscle mass index were considered to be low if they fell below the threshold of the lowest 20 % of values measured in a subset of healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 grip 2 strength
2 strength 3 and
3 and 7 index
3 and 8 were
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 7 index
6 mass 7 index
8 were 9 considered
9 considered 10 to
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 low
12 low 13 if
12 low 16 below
12 low 27 in
13 if 14 they
13 if 15 fell
14 they 15 fell
16 below 18 threshold
17 the 18 threshold
18 threshold 19 of
18 threshold 26 measured
19 of 23 %
20 the 21 lowest
20 the 23 %
22 20 23 %
23 % 24 of
24 of 25 values
27 in 29 subset
28 a 29 subset
29 subset 30 of
30 of 32 subjects
31 healthy 32 subjects

we compared the prevalence rates of sarcopenia determined by the two algorithms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 5 rates
3 the 5 rates
4 prevalence 5 rates
5 rates 6 of
6 of 7 sarcopenia
7 sarcopenia 8 determined
8 determined 9 by
9 by 12 algorithms
10 the 11 two
11 two 12 algorithms

results : the prevalence rate of sarcopenia in a representative sample of older japanese adults was 8.2 % for men and 6.8 % [for] women based on the ewgsop algorithm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 rate
2 : 16 was
2 : 31 .
3 the 5 rate
4 prevalence 5 rate
5 rate 6 of
5 rate 16 was
6 of 7 sarcopenia
7 sarcopenia 8 in
8 in 11 sample
9 a 11 sample
10 representative 11 sample
11 sample 12 of
12 of 15 adults
13 older 15 adults
14 japanese 15 adults
16 was 18 %
17 8.2 18 %
18 % 19 for
18 % 26 based
19 for 21 and
20 men 21 and
21 and 25 women
22 6.8 23 %
23 % 25 women
26 based 27 on
27 on 30 algorithm
28 the 30 algorithm
29 ewgsop 30 algorithm

the two algorithms identified the same participants as sarcopenic , the only difference being the ewgsop algorithm classified an additional seven participants ( 0.15 % ) into sarcopenia compared with the muscle mass and strength algorithm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 algorithms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 two
2 two 3 algorithms
3 algorithms 4 identified
4 identified 7 participants
4 identified 8 as
5 the 6 same
6 same 7 participants
8 as 9 sarcopenic
10 , 13 difference
10 , 18 classified
11 the 12 only
11 the 13 difference
13 difference 14 being
13 difference 18 classified
14 being 17 algorithm
15 the 17 algorithm
16 ewgsop 17 algorithm
18 classified 22 participants
18 classified 27 into
19 an 20 additional
20 additional 21 seven
21 seven 22 participants
22 participants 25 %
23 ( 25 %
24 0.15 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 into 28 sarcopenia
28 sarcopenia 29 compared
29 compared 30 with
30 with 34 and
31 the 33 mass
32 muscle 33 mass
33 mass 34 and
34 and 36 algorithm
35 strength 36 algorithm

conclusion : it is debatable whether inclusion of gait speed is necessary when screening for sarcopenia in community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 is
2 : 23 .
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 debatable
5 debatable 6 whether
6 whether 7 inclusion
6 whether 11 is
7 inclusion 8 of
7 inclusion 11 is
8 of 10 speed
9 gait 10 speed
11 is 12 necessary
12 necessary 13 when
13 when 14 screening
14 screening 15 for
14 screening 17 in
14 screening 22 adults
15 for 16 sarcopenia
17 in 20 dwelling
18 community 20 dwelling
21 older 22 adults

future research should examine the necessity of including gait speed in algorithms and the validity of cut [-] off values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 future
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 future 2 research
1 future 16 of
1 future 17 cut
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 examine
4 examine 6 necessity
4 examine 11 in
5 the 6 necessity
6 necessity 7 of
7 of 8 including
8 including 10 speed
9 gait 10 speed
11 in 13 and
12 algorithms 13 and
13 and 15 validity
13 and 16 of
14 the 15 validity
17 cut 19 off
17 cut 20 values

aim : sarcopenia is a well - recognized geriatric syndrome , which is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 sarcopenia
2 : 4 is
2 : 7 -
3 sarcopenia 4 is
4 is 6 well
5 a 6 well
7 - 10 syndrome
7 - 11 ,
7 - 21 .
8 recognized 10 syndrome
9 geriatric 10 syndrome
11 , 12 which
11 , 14 associated
12 which 13 is
13 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 variety
16 a 17 variety
17 variety 18 of
18 of 20 outcomes
19 adverse 20 outcomes

the present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associative clinical characteristics in taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 6 evaluate
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 11 and
6 evaluate 16 in
7 the 11 and
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 11 and
9 of 10 sarcopenia
11 and 15 characteristics
12 its 15 characteristics
13 associative 15 characteristics
14 clinical 15 characteristics
16 in 17 taiwan

methods : data of the [i] [-] lan longitudinal aging study ( ilas ) were retrieved for this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 16 retrieved
3 data 4 of
3 data 15 were
4 of 13 ilas
5 the 13 ilas
8 lan 9 longitudinal
9 longitudinal 10 aging
10 aging 11 study
11 study 13 ilas
12 ( 13 ilas
13 ilas 14 )
15 were 16 retrieved
16 retrieved 17 for
17 for 19 study
18 this 19 study

sarcopenia was defined according to the european working group on sarcopenia in older people criteria , and comparisons of demographic characteristics , physical performance , body composition , cardiometabolic profiles and functionality indicators were carried out . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 sarcopenia 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 17 and
6 the 7 european
7 european 9 group
8 working 9 group
9 group 10 on
9 group 12 in
9 group 17 and
10 on 11 sarcopenia
12 in 15 criteria
13 older 14 people
14 people 15 criteria
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 comparisons
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 characteristics
20 demographic 21 characteristics
21 characteristics 24 performance
22 , 24 performance
23 physical 24 performance
24 performance 25 ,
25 , 31 and
25 , 35 carried
26 body 27 composition
27 composition 28 ,
28 , 30 profiles
28 , 31 and
29 cardiometabolic 30 profiles
31 and 33 indicators
31 and 34 were
32 functionality 33 indicators
34 were 35 carried
35 carried 36 out

results : overall , data of 1008 participants ( mean age 65.2 ± 9.3 years , male 50.6 [%] ) were retrieved for analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 , 5 data
4 , 22 retrieved
5 data 6 of
5 data 21 were
6 of 8 participants
7 1008 8 participants
8 participants 15 years
9 ( 15 years
10 mean 11 age
11 age 15 years
12 65.2 13 ±
13 ± 15 years
14 9.3 15 years
15 years 17 male
15 years 20 )
16 , 17 male
17 male 18 50.6
17 male 20 )
21 were 22 retrieved
22 retrieved 23 for
23 for 24 analysis

the cut [-] off value of relative appendicular skeletal muscle was 7.0 kg / [m] ( 2 ) for men and 5.9 kg / [m] ( 2 ) for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 cut
2 cut 4 off
2 cut 6 of
2 cut 11 was
4 off 5 value
6 of 10 muscle
7 relative 10 muscle
8 appendicular 10 muscle
9 skeletal 10 muscle
11 was 14 /
11 was 19 for
11 was 29 for
12 7.0 13 kg
13 kg 14 /
14 / 17 2
16 ( 17 2
17 2 18 )
19 for 21 and
20 men 21 and
21 and 24 /
21 and 27 2
22 5.9 23 kg
23 kg 24 /
26 ( 27 2
27 2 28 )
29 for 30 women

sarcopenia was significantly related to low body mass index [,] smaller waist circumference [,] poor nutrition and poor cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 sarcopenia 2 was
2 was 4 related
3 significantly 4 related
4 related 5 to
5 to 17 and
6 low 7 body
7 body 9 index
8 mass 9 index
9 index 16 nutrition
11 smaller 12 waist
12 waist 13 circumference
13 circumference 16 nutrition
15 poor 16 nutrition
16 nutrition 17 and
17 and 19 cognition
18 poor 19 cognition

the mean carotid intima - media thickness and cardiometabolic parameters showed no statistically significant findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 7 thickness
2 mean 7 thickness
3 carotid 6 media
4 intima 5 -
4 intima 6 media
6 media 7 thickness
7 thickness 8 and
8 and 10 parameters
8 and 11 showed
9 cardiometabolic 10 parameters
11 showed 15 findings
12 no 15 findings
13 statistically 14 significant
14 significant 15 findings

conclusions : the present paper showed the epidemiology of sarcopenia , and the strong connection to functionality indicators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 paper
2 : 6 showed
2 : 19 .
3 the 5 paper
4 present 5 paper
5 paper 6 showed
6 showed 8 epidemiology
6 showed 12 and
6 showed 16 to
7 the 8 epidemiology
8 epidemiology 9 of
9 of 10 sarcopenia
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 connection
13 the 15 connection
14 strong 15 connection
16 to 18 indicators
17 functionality 18 indicators

however , sarcopenia was not associated with cardiometabolic [risk] or carotid intima media thickness in the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 sarcopenia
3 sarcopenia 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 14 thickness
8 cardiometabolic 10 or
10 or 11 carotid
10 or 13 media
12 intima 13 media
13 media 14 thickness
14 thickness 15 in
15 in 18 study
16 the 18 study
17 present 18 study

aim : sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are significant associative factors for functional impairment related to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 sarcopenia
4 and 6 obesity
4 and 7 are
5 sarcopenic 6 obesity
6 obesity 7 are
7 are 10 factors
8 significant 10 factors
9 associative 10 factors
10 factors 11 for
11 for 13 impairment
12 functional 13 impairment
13 impairment 14 related
13 impairment 15 to
15 to 16 aging

the main aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity , and their associations with functional status among men aged 80 years and older in beijing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 8 was
4 of 7 study
5 the 7 study
6 present 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 investigate
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 12 prevalence
11 the 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 of
13 of 14 sarcopenia
15 and 19 and
15 and 27 aged
16 sarcopenic 17 obesity
17 obesity 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 associations
19 and 22 with
19 and 27 aged
20 their 21 associations
22 with 24 status
23 functional 24 status
24 status 25 among
25 among 26 men
27 aged 30 and
28 80 29 years
29 years 30 and
30 and 31 older
30 and 32 in
32 in 33 beijing

methods : a total of 75 young healthy volunteers , and 101 older men aged 80 years and older participated in the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 and
2 : 20 participated
2 : 25 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 11 and
5 of 9 volunteers
6 75 9 volunteers
7 young 9 volunteers
8 healthy 9 volunteers
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 men
11 and 15 aged
11 and 20 participated
12 101 14 men
13 older 14 men
15 aged 18 and
16 80 17 years
17 years 18 and
18 and 19 older
20 participated 21 in
21 in 24 study
22 the 24 study
23 present 24 study

demographic characteristics , anthropometry , skeletal muscle [mass] measured by [dual] x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) , 6 - m gait speed and handgrip strength were collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ray
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 demographic 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 4 anthropometry
2 characteristics 7 muscle
2 characteristics 14 ray
3 , 4 anthropometry
4 anthropometry 5 ,
5 , 7 muscle
6 skeletal 7 muscle
7 muscle 9 measured
7 muscle 13 -
9 measured 10 by
10 by 12 x
14 ray 15 absorptiometry
15 absorptiometry 17 dxa
16 ( 17 dxa
17 dxa 18 )
19 , 20 6
19 , 28 were
20 6 21 -
21 - 22 m
21 - 23 gait
23 gait 24 speed
24 speed 25 and
25 and 27 strength
25 and 28 were
26 handgrip 27 strength
28 were 29 collected

relative appendicular skeletal muscle index [(] rasm [ )(and percentage skeletal muscle index ( smi ) were obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 relative 4 muscle
2 appendicular 4 muscle
3 skeletal 4 muscle
4 muscle 7 rasm
5 index 7 rasm
7 rasm 9 )(and
9 )(and 13 index
9 )(and 15 smi
9 )(and 17 were
10 percentage 13 index
11 skeletal 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 index
14 ( 15 smi
15 smi 16 )
17 were 18 obtained

results : overall , the prevalence of sarcopenia was 45.7 % by using rasm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 , 6 prevalence
4 , 9 was
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
6 prevalence 9 was
7 of 8 sarcopenia
9 was 11 %
10 45.7 11 %
11 % 12 by
12 by 13 using
13 using 14 rasm

by the weight - adjusted skeletal muscle index definition ( smi ) , the prevalence of sarcopenia was 53.2 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 by 3 weight
1 by 13 ,
1 by 15 prevalence
2 the 3 weight
3 weight 9 definition
4 - 9 definition
5 adjusted 7 muscle
6 skeletal 7 muscle
7 muscle 9 definition
8 index 9 definition
9 definition 11 smi
9 definition 13 ,
10 ( 11 smi
11 smi 12 )
14 the 15 prevalence
15 prevalence 16 of
15 prevalence 18 was
16 of 17 sarcopenia
18 was 20 %
19 53.2 20 %

the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was lower by using rasm than smi ( 4.9 % vs 11.5 % , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 6 was
3 of 5 obesity
4 sarcopenic 5 obesity
6 was 7 lower
7 lower 8 by
8 by 9 using
9 using 10 rasm
9 using 11 than
9 using 21 <
11 than 12 smi
12 smi 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 4.9 15 %
15 % 16 vs
15 % 19 ,
16 vs 18 %
17 11.5 18 %
19 , 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.05
21 < 23 )

when we compared the sarcopenia prevalence ( [%] [ )(in obese participants , it was also remarkably lower by using rasm ( 40.0 % ) than smi ( 95.0 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 when 2 we
1 when 3 compared
1 when 13 ,
1 when 14 it
2 we 3 compared
3 compared 6 prevalence
3 compared 10 )(in
4 the 6 prevalence
5 sarcopenia 6 prevalence
7 ( 10 )(in
10 )(in 12 participants
10 )(in 13 ,
11 obese 12 participants
14 it 15 was
15 was 16 also
15 was 17 remarkably
15 was 18 lower
18 lower 19 by
19 by 20 using
20 using 21 rasm
20 using 26 than
21 rasm 24 %
22 ( 24 %
23 40.0 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 than 27 smi
27 smi 30 %
28 ( 30 %
29 95.0 30 %
30 % 31 )

multiple linear regression analyses showed that thigh skeletal muscle mass was positively correlated with gait speed independently [(] β [=] 0.221 , p = 0.011 ) , and total body fat ( β [=] - 0.216 , p = 0.002 [ )( age ( β [=] - 0.524 , [p] = 0.000 [ )( negatively correlated with gait speed independently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multiple
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
1 multiple 3 regression
1 multiple 4 analyses
1 multiple 5 showed
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 analyses
5 showed 10 mass
5 showed 13 correlated
6 that 10 mass
7 thigh 9 muscle
8 skeletal 9 muscle
9 muscle 10 mass
10 mass 11 was
11 was 12 positively
11 was 13 correlated
13 correlated 14 with
14 with 16 speed
15 gait 16 speed
16 speed 28 and
17 independently 19 β
19 β 24 =
19 β 28 and
21 0.221 24 =
22 , 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.011
24 = 26 )
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 total
29 total 39 =
30 body 31 fat
31 fat 33 β
32 ( 33 β
33 β 36 0.216
33 β 37 ,
35 - 36 0.216
36 0.216 37 ,
37 , 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.002
40 0.002 52 0.000
43 age 45 β
43 age 48 0.524
44 ( 45 β
45 β 47 -
47 - 48 0.524
48 0.524 49 ,
49 , 52 0.000
51 = 52 0.000
52 0.000 56 correlated
52 0.000 61 .
55 negatively 56 correlated
56 correlated 57 with
56 correlated 60 independently
57 with 59 speed
58 gait 59 speed

conclusions : the prevalence of sarcopenia is high either based on rasm or smi among chinese men aged 80 years and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 10 based
2 : 13 or
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 7 is
5 of 6 sarcopenia
7 is 8 high
7 is 10 based
9 either 10 based
10 based 11 on
11 on 12 rasm
13 or 14 smi
13 or 18 aged
14 smi 15 among
14 smi 18 aged
15 among 17 men
16 chinese 17 men
18 aged 21 and
19 80 20 years
20 years 21 and
21 and 22 older

functional limitations were significantly associated with older age , skeletal muscle mass and total body fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 limitations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 functional 2 limitations
2 limitations 3 were
3 were 4 significantly
3 were 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 16 fat
6 with 13 and
7 older 8 age
8 age 9 ,
9 , 12 mass
9 , 13 and
10 skeletal 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 mass
13 and 15 body
14 total 15 body

aim : the age - dependent loss of skeletal muscle [mass] is highly concerning in diverse aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 aim 2 :
2 : 4 age
3 the 4 age
5 - 7 loss
5 - 12 is
5 - 19 .
6 dependent 7 loss
7 loss 8 of
7 loss 12 is
8 of 10 muscle
9 skeletal 10 muscle
12 is 14 concerning
13 highly 14 concerning
14 concerning 15 in
14 concerning 18 populations
15 in 17 aging
16 diverse 17 aging

however , age - dependent changes in muscle [mass] and the visceral fat area have not been well documented in asian populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 age
4 - 6 changes
4 - 17 been
4 - 23 .
5 dependent 6 changes
6 changes 7 in
6 changes 15 have
7 in 10 and
8 muscle 10 and
10 and 14 area
11 the 14 area
12 visceral 14 area
13 fat 14 area
15 have 16 not
15 have 17 been
17 been 18 well
18 well 19 documented
19 documented 20 in
20 in 22 populations
21 asian 22 populations

the aim of the present study was to evaluate the age - dependent changes in skeletal muscle mass [and] the visceral fat area in japanese adults from 40 to 79 years - [of] - age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 age
10 the 11 age
12 - 14 changes
12 - 18 mass
13 dependent 14 changes
14 changes 15 in
14 changes 18 mass
15 in 17 muscle
16 skeletal 17 muscle
18 mass 23 area
18 mass 24 in
18 mass 29 to
20 the 23 area
21 visceral 22 fat
22 fat 23 area
24 in 26 adults
25 japanese 26 adults
27 from 29 to
28 40 29 to
29 to 30 79
30 79 31 years
31 years 32 -
32 - 34 -
34 - 35 age

methods : this was a cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 was
2 : 7 -
2 : 10 .
3 this 4 was
4 was 6 cross
5 a 6 cross
7 - 9 study
8 sectional 9 study

healthy [men] ( n = 16,379 ) and women ( n = 21,660 ) aged 40 - 79 years participated in the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 healthy 5 =
1 healthy 8 and
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 16,379
5 = 7 )
8 and 9 women
8 and 12 =
8 and 15 aged
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 21,660
12 = 14 )
15 aged 17 -
16 40 17 -
17 - 18 79
18 79 19 years
19 years 20 participated
20 participated 21 in
21 in 24 study
22 the 24 study
23 present 24 study

the skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area were measured in the study participants by bioelectrical impedance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 mass
2 skeletal 3 muscle
3 muscle 4 mass
4 mass 5 and
5 and 8 area
5 and 9 were
6 visceral 8 area
7 fat 8 area
9 were 10 measured
10 measured 11 in
10 measured 15 by
11 in 14 participants
12 the 14 participants
13 study 14 participants
15 by 17 impedance
16 bioelectrical 17 impedance

the muscle mass data were converted into the skeletal muscle mass index ( smi ) by dividing the weight by the height squared ( [kg] / [m] ( 2 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 converted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 data
2 muscle 4 data
3 mass 4 data
4 data 5 were
5 were 6 converted
6 converted 7 into
6 converted 16 by
6 converted 20 by
7 into 12 index
8 the 12 index
9 skeletal 10 muscle
10 muscle 12 index
11 mass 12 index
12 index 14 smi
13 ( 14 smi
14 smi 15 )
16 by 17 dividing
17 dividing 19 weight
18 the 19 weight
20 by 22 height
21 the 22 height
22 height 23 squared
22 height 26 /
24 ( 26 /
26 / 29 2
26 / 31 )
28 ( 29 2
29 2 30 )

results : the smi showed an age - dependent decrease in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 smi
2 : 5 showed
2 : 8 -
2 : 14 .
3 the 4 smi
4 smi 5 showed
5 showed 7 age
6 an 7 age
8 - 10 decrease
9 dependent 10 decrease
10 decrease 11 in
11 in 13 sexes
12 both 13 sexes

between 40 and 79 years , the total smi decreased by 10.8 % in men and by 6.4 % in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 smi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 between 5 years
1 between 6 ,
1 between 9 smi
2 40 3 and
3 and 4 79
3 and 5 years
7 the 8 total
8 total 9 smi
9 smi 10 decreased
10 decreased 11 by
10 decreased 20 in
11 by 13 %
12 10.8 13 %
13 % 16 and
14 in 15 men
14 in 16 and
16 and 17 by
17 by 19 %
18 6.4 19 %
20 in 21 women

the arm smi decreased by 12.6 % in men and 4.1 % in women , and the leg smi decreased by 10.1 % in men and by 7.1 % in women in the same period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 smi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 smi
2 arm 3 smi
3 smi 4 decreased
4 decreased 5 by
4 decreased 8 in
4 decreased 32 in
5 by 7 %
6 12.6 7 %
8 in 16 and
9 men 10 and
10 and 14 women
10 and 16 and
11 4.1 13 in
12 % 13 in
13 in 14 women
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 leg
16 and 19 smi
16 and 20 decreased
17 the 18 leg
19 smi 20 decreased
20 decreased 26 and
21 by 25 men
21 by 26 and
22 10.1 24 in
23 % 24 in
24 in 25 men
26 and 27 by
27 by 31 women
28 7.1 30 in
29 % 30 in
30 in 31 women
32 in 35 period
33 the 34 same
33 the 35 period

in contrast , the visceral fat area showed an age [-] dependent increase in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 area
4 the 7 area
5 visceral 7 area
6 fat 7 area
7 area 8 showed
8 showed 13 increase
8 showed 14 in
9 an 10 age
9 an 13 increase
10 age 12 dependent
12 dependent 13 increase
14 in 16 sexes
15 both 16 sexes

the visceral fat area increased by 42.9 % in men and by 65.3 % in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 4 area
2 visceral 4 area
3 fat 4 area
4 area 5 increased
5 increased 6 by
5 increased 15 in
6 by 8 %
7 42.9 8 %
8 % 11 and
9 in 10 men
9 in 11 and
11 and 12 by
12 by 14 %
13 65.3 14 %
15 in 16 women

the multiple regression analysis showed that the smi was negatively associated with visceral obesity in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 analysis
2 multiple 4 analysis
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 smi
6 that 11 associated
7 the 8 smi
8 smi 9 was
9 was 10 negatively
9 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 obesity
13 visceral 14 obesity
14 obesity 15 in
15 in 17 sexes
16 both 17 sexes

conclusions : in japanese adults , sex - specific changes in skeletal muscle [mass] are more prominent in the arm than in the leg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 15 are
2 : 25 .
3 in 5 adults
3 in 15 are
4 japanese 5 adults
5 adults 7 sex
6 , 7 sex
7 sex 8 -
9 specific 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
10 changes 15 are
11 in 13 muscle
12 skeletal 13 muscle
15 are 17 prominent
16 more 17 prominent
17 prominent 18 in
17 prominent 21 than
18 in 20 arm
19 the 20 arm
21 than 22 in
22 in 24 leg
23 the 24 leg

furthermore , the age [-] dependent increases in visceral adipose tissue might lead to loss of skeletal muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 increases
3 the 7 increases
4 age 7 increases
6 dependent 7 increases
7 increases 8 in
7 increases 19 mass
8 in 10 adipose
9 visceral 10 adipose
10 adipose 11 tissue
10 adipose 13 lead
11 tissue 12 might
12 might 13 lead
13 lead 14 to
14 to 15 loss
15 loss 16 of
16 of 18 muscle
17 skeletal 18 muscle

background : decreased ability of muscles to respond to anabolic stimuli is part of the underlying mechanism for muscle loss with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 ability
2 : 12 is
2 : 23 .
3 decreased 4 ability
4 ability 5 of
4 ability 7 to
4 ability 8 respond
4 ability 12 is
5 of 6 muscles
7 to 8 respond
8 respond 9 to
9 to 11 stimuli
10 anabolic 11 stimuli
12 is 13 part
13 part 14 of
14 of 17 mechanism
15 the 17 mechanism
16 underlying 17 mechanism
17 mechanism 18 for
18 for 20 loss
19 muscle 20 loss
20 loss 21 with
21 with 22 aging

previous studies suggest that substantial amounts of essential amino acids ( eaa ) , whey protein and leucine are beneficial for stimulation of acute muscle protein synthesis in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 17 and
4 that 19 are
5 substantial 6 amounts
6 amounts 7 of
6 amounts 14 ,
7 of 10 acids
8 essential 10 acids
9 amino 10 acids
10 acids 12 eaa
11 ( 12 eaa
12 eaa 13 )
14 , 16 protein
14 , 17 and
15 whey 16 protein
17 and 18 leucine
17 and 19 are
19 are 20 beneficial
20 beneficial 21 for
20 beneficial 28 in
21 for 22 stimulation
22 stimulation 23 of
23 of 27 synthesis
24 acute 25 muscle
25 muscle 27 synthesis
26 protein 27 synthesis
28 in 30 adults
29 older 30 adults

however , these studies supplied only proteins , and no bolus studies have been done with dairy products or supplements that contained also fat and carbohydrates besides proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 supplied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 these 4 studies
4 studies 5 supplied
5 supplied 6 only
5 supplied 7 proteins
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 studies
9 and 19 or
10 no 12 studies
11 bolus 12 studies
12 studies 19 or
13 have 14 been
13 have 19 or
14 been 15 done
15 done 16 with
16 with 18 products
17 dairy 18 products
19 or 20 supplements
20 supplements 25 and
20 supplements 27 besides
21 that 22 contained
21 that 25 and
22 contained 23 also
22 contained 24 fat
25 and 26 carbohydrates
27 besides 28 proteins

the aim of this study was to evaluate whether a specifically designed nutritional supplement in older adults stimulates muscle protein synthesis acutely to a greater extent than a conventional dairy product . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 9 whether
9 whether 14 supplement
9 whether 18 stimulates
10 a 14 supplement
11 specifically 12 designed
12 designed 14 supplement
13 nutritional 14 supplement
14 supplement 15 in
14 supplement 18 stimulates
15 in 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 stimulates 21 synthesis
18 stimulates 22 acutely
18 stimulates 23 to
18 stimulates 27 than
19 muscle 21 synthesis
20 protein 21 synthesis
23 to 26 extent
24 a 26 extent
25 greater 26 extent
27 than 31 product
28 a 29 conventional
28 a 31 product
29 conventional 30 dairy
30 dairy 31 product

moreover , the combined effect with resistance exercise was studied by using a unilateral resistance exercise protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 effect
3 the 5 effect
4 combined 5 effect
5 effect 6 with
5 effect 9 was
6 with 8 exercise
7 resistance 8 exercise
9 was 10 studied
10 studied 11 by
11 by 12 using
12 using 17 protocol
13 a 17 protocol
14 unilateral 15 resistance
15 resistance 17 protocol
16 exercise 17 protocol

methods : utilizing [a] randomized , controlled , double blind study design , healthy older adults received a single bolus of a high whey protein , leucine - enriched supplement [(] exp [:] 20 g whey protein , 3 g total leucine , 150 kcal [;] [n] = [9] [ )( an iso - caloric milk protein control ( control [:] 6 g milk protein [;] n = 10 ) , immediately after unilateral resistance exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 utilizing
3 utilizing 5 randomized
6 , 9 double
6 , 13 ,
7 controlled 8 ,
7 controlled 9 double
9 double 12 design
10 blind 12 design
11 study 12 design
13 , 16 adults
13 , 17 received
14 healthy 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 received
17 received 19 single
18 a 19 single
19 single 20 bolus
19 single 29 enriched
20 bolus 21 of
20 bolus 27 leucine
20 bolus 29 enriched
21 of 25 protein
22 a 25 protein
23 high 25 protein
24 whey 25 protein
26 , 27 leucine
27 leucine 28 -
29 enriched 37 protein
30 supplement 36 whey
32 exp 36 whey
34 20 35 g
35 g 36 whey
36 whey 37 protein
37 protein 42 leucine
37 protein 48 =
38 , 42 leucine
39 3 40 g
40 g 42 leucine
41 total 42 leucine
42 leucine 43 ,
44 150 45 kcal
45 kcal 48 =
48 = 58 control
52 an 58 control
53 iso 54 -
53 iso 57 protein
55 caloric 57 protein
56 milk 57 protein
57 protein 58 control
58 control 65 protein
59 ( 65 protein
60 control 65 protein
62 6 63 g
63 g 64 milk
64 milk 65 protein
65 protein 68 =
65 protein 73 after
65 protein 77 .
67 n 68 =
68 = 69 10
68 = 70 )
71 , 72 immediately
71 , 73 after
73 after 76 exercise
73 after 77 .
74 unilateral 76 exercise
75 resistance 76 exercise

postprandial mixed muscle protein fractional synthesis rate ( fsr ) was measured over 4 h using a tracer infusion protocol with l - [[] ring [-] ¹³c₆ ] - phenylalanine and regular blood and muscle sampling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
1 postprandial 2 mixed
2 mixed 4 protein
3 muscle 4 protein
4 protein 6 synthesis
4 protein 7 rate
4 protein 9 fsr
4 protein 11 was
5 fractional 6 synthesis
6 synthesis 7 rate
8 ( 9 fsr
9 fsr 10 )
11 was 12 measured
12 measured 13 over
12 measured 16 using
13 over 15 h
14 4 15 h
16 using 20 protocol
17 a 20 protocol
18 tracer 20 protocol
19 infusion 20 protocol
20 protocol 21 with
20 protocol 27 ¹³c₆
20 protocol 34 and
21 with 22 l
23 - 27 ¹³c₆
25 ring 27 ¹³c₆
27 ¹³c₆ 28 ]
29 - 34 and
30 phenylalanine 31 and
31 and 33 blood
31 and 34 and
32 regular 33 blood
34 and 36 sampling
34 and 37 .
35 muscle 36 sampling

results : fsr [was] significantly higher overall after exp ( 0.0780 ± 0.0070%/h ) vs control ( 0.0574 ± 0.0066%/h ( emm ± se ) ) ( p = 0.049 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 fsr
3 fsr 6 higher
3 fsr 15 vs
5 significantly 6 higher
6 higher 7 overall
6 higher 8 after
8 after 9 exp
9 exp 13 0.0070%/h
10 ( 13 0.0070%/h
11 0.0780 12 ±
12 ± 13 0.0070%/h
13 0.0070%/h 14 )
15 vs 16 control
16 control 20 0.0066%/h
16 control 29 =
17 ( 20 0.0066%/h
18 0.0574 20 0.0066%/h
19 ± 20 0.0066%/h
20 0.0066%/h 24 se
20 0.0066%/h 26 )
21 ( 24 se
22 emm 24 se
23 ± 24 se
24 se 25 )
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.049
29 = 31 )

no interaction between treatment and exercise was observed ( p = 0.519 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 no 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 between
2 interaction 7 was
3 between 5 and
4 treatment 5 and
5 and 6 exercise
7 was 8 observed
8 observed 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.519
11 = 13 )

higher postprandial concentrations of eaa and leucine are possible mediating factors for the fsr response , while plasma insulin [increase] did not dictate the fsr response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 higher 3 concentrations
2 postprandial 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 of
3 concentrations 8 are
4 of 6 and
5 eaa 6 and
6 and 7 leucine
8 are 11 factors
9 possible 11 factors
10 mediating 11 factors
11 factors 12 for
12 for 15 response
13 the 15 response
14 fsr 15 response
16 , 19 insulin
16 , 23 dictate
17 while 18 plasma
17 while 19 insulin
19 insulin 21 did
21 did 22 not
21 did 23 dictate
23 dictate 26 response
24 the 26 response
25 fsr 26 response

moreover , when the protein intake from the supplements was expressed [per] [kg] leg lean [mass] ( llm ) , a significant correlation was observed with resting postprandial fsr ( r = 0.48 , p = 0.038 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 23 correlation
2 , 3 when
3 when 6 intake
3 when 11 expressed
3 when 20 ,
3 when 23 correlation
4 the 6 intake
5 protein 6 intake
6 intake 7 from
6 intake 10 was
7 from 9 supplements
8 the 9 supplements
10 was 11 expressed
11 expressed 15 lean
11 expressed 20 ,
14 leg 15 lean
15 lean 18 llm
17 ( 18 llm
18 llm 19 )
21 a 22 significant
21 a 23 correlation
22 significant 23 correlation
23 correlation 24 was
24 was 25 observed
25 observed 26 with
26 with 29 fsr
27 resting 29 fsr
28 postprandial 29 fsr
29 fsr 32 =
29 fsr 36 =
30 ( 32 =
31 r 32 =
32 = 33 0.48
34 , 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.038
36 = 38 )

conclusions : ingestion of a high whey protein , leucine - enriched [supplement] resulted in a larger overall postprandial muscle protein synthesis rate in healthy older subjects compared with a conventional dairy product . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ingestion
2 : 23 rate
2 : 34 .
3 ingestion 4 of
3 ingestion 12 enriched
3 ingestion 14 resulted
4 of 8 protein
5 a 6 high
5 a 8 protein
6 high 7 whey
7 whey 8 protein
8 protein 10 leucine
9 , 10 leucine
10 leucine 11 -
14 resulted 15 in
15 in 18 overall
16 a 18 overall
17 larger 18 overall
18 overall 22 synthesis
18 overall 23 rate
19 postprandial 20 muscle
20 muscle 21 protein
21 protein 22 synthesis
22 synthesis 23 rate
23 rate 24 in
24 in 27 subjects
25 healthy 27 subjects
26 older 27 subjects
27 subjects 28 compared
27 subjects 29 with
29 with 33 product
30 a 31 conventional
30 a 33 product
31 conventional 32 dairy
32 dairy 33 product

this acute effect is promising for long - term effects on parameters of muscle mass , strength and function in sarcopenic older people , which requires further study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 this 2 acute
2 acute 3 effect
3 effect 4 is
4 is 5 promising
5 promising 6 for
6 for 7 long
8 - 10 effects
8 - 15 mass
8 - 16 ,
8 - 29 .
9 term 10 effects
10 effects 11 on
10 effects 13 of
10 effects 15 mass
11 on 12 parameters
13 of 14 muscle
16 , 18 and
16 , 24 ,
17 strength 18 and
18 and 19 function
18 and 20 in
20 in 23 people
21 sarcopenic 23 people
22 older 23 people
24 , 25 which
24 , 26 requires
25 which 26 requires
26 requires 28 study
27 further 28 study

trial registration : this trial is registered in the dutch trial register under number ntr1823 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 registration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 trial 2 registration
3 : 5 trial
3 : 7 registered
3 : 16 .
4 this 5 trial
5 trial 6 is
6 is 7 registered
7 registered 8 in
7 registered 13 under
8 in 12 register
9 the 10 dutch
10 dutch 12 register
11 trial 12 register
13 under 15 ntr1823
14 number 15 ntr1823

many children experience pre - school or early childhood wheezing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 many 2 children
2 children 3 experience
3 experience 7 or
4 pre 5 -
4 pre 6 school
6 school 7 or
7 or 9 childhood
7 or 10 wheezing
8 early 9 childhood

in a significant proportion symptoms disappear as the child grows , but [others] have persistent and troublesome asthma which can be life - long . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 have
1 in 4 proportion
1 in 5 symptoms
2 a 4 proportion
3 significant 4 proportion
5 symptoms 6 disappear
6 disappear 7 as
7 as 9 child
7 as 12 but
8 the 9 child
9 child 12 but
10 grows 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 14 have
14 have 18 asthma
14 have 24 long
15 persistent 16 and
16 and 17 troublesome
16 and 18 asthma
18 asthma 19 which
18 asthma 20 can
19 which 20 can
20 can 21 be
21 be 22 life
23 - 24 long
24 long 25 .

tools to predict course [of] disease in young children are a priority for families and clinicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tools
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 tools 2 to
1 tools 4 course
1 tools 10 are
2 to 3 predict
3 predict 4 course
4 course 6 disease
4 course 7 in
7 in 9 children
8 young 9 children
10 are 12 priority
11 a 12 priority
12 priority 13 for
13 for 15 and
14 families 15 and
15 and 16 clinicians

this review summarizes evidence from several longitudinal population - based birth - cohort studies that have identified risk factors for persistence and remission of childhood asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 4 evidence
3 summarizes 5 from
5 from 8 population
6 several 8 population
7 longitudinal 8 population
8 population 11 birth
9 - 11 birth
10 based 11 birth
11 birth 12 -
12 - 14 studies
13 cohort 14 studies
14 studies 15 that
14 studies 16 have
15 that 16 have
16 have 17 identified
17 identified 19 factors
17 identified 20 for
18 risk 19 factors
20 for 22 and
21 persistence 22 and
22 and 23 remission
22 and 24 of
24 of 26 asthma
25 childhood 26 asthma

these factors include clinical characteristics , environmental and other exposures , familial factors , biomarkers of allergic inflammation , measurements of lung function [and] airway responsiveness , and genetic variants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 factors
2 factors 3 include
3 include 5 characteristics
4 clinical 5 characteristics
6 , 8 and
6 , 19 ,
7 environmental 8 and
8 and 10 exposures
8 and 13 factors
9 other 10 exposures
11 , 13 factors
12 familial 13 factors
13 factors 15 biomarkers
13 factors 19 ,
14 , 15 biomarkers
15 biomarkers 16 of
15 biomarkers 19 ,
16 of 18 inflammation
17 allergic 18 inflammation
19 , 28 and
20 measurements 21 of
20 measurements 28 and
21 of 26 responsiveness
22 lung 25 airway
23 function 25 airway
25 airway 26 responsiveness
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 variants
29 genetic 30 variants

this review also introduces the concept of polygenic risk and genetic risk scores , and describes results from a recent study that suggests promise for the use of genetic information in predicting the course of childhood asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 introduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 4 introduces
3 also 4 introduces
4 introduces 6 concept
5 the 6 concept
6 concept 7 of
7 of 9 risk
8 polygenic 9 risk
10 and 12 risk
10 and 15 and
11 genetic 12 risk
12 risk 15 and
13 scores 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 describes
15 and 17 results
17 results 18 from
17 results 22 that
17 results 24 promise
18 from 21 study
19 a 20 recent
19 a 21 study
20 recent 21 study
22 that 23 suggests
23 suggests 24 promise
24 promise 25 for
24 promise 31 in
25 for 27 use
26 the 27 use
27 use 28 of
28 of 30 information
29 genetic 30 information
31 in 32 predicting
32 predicting 34 course
33 the 34 course
34 course 35 of
35 of 37 asthma
36 childhood 37 asthma

we conclude with a discussion of implications and future directions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 with
2 conclude 10 directions
3 with 5 discussion
4 a 5 discussion
5 discussion 6 of
6 of 8 and
7 implications 8 and
8 and 9 future

in the central nervous system , cholinergic and dopaminergic ( da ) neurons are among the cells most susceptible to the deleterious effects of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 5 system
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 and
2 the 5 system
3 central 5 system
4 nervous 5 system
7 cholinergic 8 and
8 and 13 neurons
8 and 14 are
9 dopaminergic 11 da
9 dopaminergic 12 )
9 dopaminergic 13 neurons
10 ( 11 da
11 da 12 )
14 are 15 among
15 among 17 cells
16 the 17 cells
17 cells 19 susceptible
18 most 19 susceptible
19 susceptible 20 to
20 to 23 effects
21 the 23 effects
22 deleterious 23 effects
23 effects 24 of
24 of 25 age

thus , the basal forebrain cholinergic system is known to undergo moderate neurodegenerative changes during normal aging as well as severe atrophy in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 7 system
3 the 7 system
4 basal 7 system
5 forebrain 7 system
6 cholinergic 7 system
7 system 8 is
8 is 9 known
9 known 10 to
9 known 20 as
10 to 11 undergo
11 undergo 14 changes
12 moderate 14 changes
13 neurodegenerative 14 changes
14 changes 15 during
15 during 17 aging
16 normal 17 aging
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 22 atrophy
21 severe 22 atrophy
22 atrophy 23 in
22 atrophy 28 ad
23 in 26 disease
24 alzheimer 25 's
25 's 26 disease
27 ( 28 ad
28 ad 29 )

parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , [a] degeneration of nigro - striatal da neurons is the most conspicuous reflection of the vulnerability of da neurons to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 parkinson
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 parkinson 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 pd
4 ( 5 pd
5 pd 6 )
7 , 9 degeneration
7 , 16 is
9 degeneration 10 of
9 degeneration 16 is
10 of 15 neurons
11 nigro 12 -
11 nigro 15 neurons
13 striatal 15 neurons
14 da 15 neurons
16 is 20 reflection
17 the 20 reflection
18 most 19 conspicuous
19 conspicuous 20 reflection
20 reflection 21 of
20 reflection 27 to
20 reflection 28 age
21 of 23 vulnerability
22 the 23 vulnerability
23 vulnerability 24 of
24 of 26 neurons
25 da 26 neurons
27 to 28 age

overall , there is growing evidence that a progressive decline in cognitive [function] and central da activity represents basic features of normal aging both in humans and laboratory rodents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
5 growing 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
6 evidence 18 represents
6 evidence 21 of
7 that 10 decline
7 that 18 represents
8 a 10 decline
9 progressive 10 decline
10 decline 11 in
10 decline 18 represents
11 in 17 activity
12 cognitive 14 and
14 and 15 central
14 and 17 activity
16 da 17 activity
18 represents 20 features
19 basic 20 features
21 of 27 and
22 normal 23 aging
22 normal 25 in
22 normal 27 and
23 aging 24 both
25 in 26 humans
27 and 29 rodents
28 laboratory 29 rodents

spontaneous or environmental neurotoxin - mediated exacerbation of these processes contributes to the symptoms of ad and pd , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 spontaneous 2 or
2 or 4 neurotoxin
3 environmental 4 neurotoxin
5 - 7 exacerbation
5 - 11 contributes
6 mediated 7 exacerbation
7 exacerbation 8 of
7 exacerbation 11 contributes
8 of 10 processes
9 these 10 processes
11 contributes 12 to
11 contributes 20 respectively
12 to 14 symptoms
13 the 14 symptoms
14 symptoms 15 of
15 of 18 pd
16 ad 17 and
17 and 18 pd
19 , 20 respectively
20 respectively 21 .

in this context , neurotrophic factors that can prevent [or] delay the decline [in] cognitive function and central da activity are of clinical interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 context
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 factors
2 this 3 context
5 neurotrophic 6 factors
6 factors 7 that
6 factors 8 can
6 factors 21 are
7 that 8 can
8 can 9 prevent
9 prevent 20 activity
11 delay 20 activity
12 the 16 function
13 decline 16 function
15 cognitive 16 function
16 function 17 and
17 and 19 da
17 and 20 activity
18 central 19 da
21 are 22 of
22 of 24 interest
23 clinical 24 interest

among them , insulin - like growth factor i and glial cell line - derived neurotrophic factor [are] emerging as powerful neuroprotective molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 among 2 them
1 among 3 ,
1 among 10 and
4 insulin 5 -
4 insulin 10 and
6 like 8 factor
6 like 10 and
7 growth 8 factor
9 i 10 and
10 and 13 line
10 and 14 -
10 and 15 derived
11 glial 12 cell
12 cell 13 line
15 derived 17 factor
16 neurotrophic 17 factor
17 factor 19 emerging
19 emerging 20 as
20 as 23 molecules
21 powerful 23 molecules
22 neuroprotective 23 molecules

this article discusses the experimental evidence supporting the neuroprotective relevance of these and related factors in the aging brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 discusses
3 discusses 6 evidence
3 discusses 16 in
4 the 6 evidence
5 experimental 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 supporting
7 supporting 10 relevance
8 the 10 relevance
9 neuroprotective 10 relevance
10 relevance 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 these 13 and
13 and 15 factors
14 related 15 factors
16 in 19 brain
17 the 19 brain
18 aging 19 brain

the availability of induced pluripotent stem cells offers a new promise for the treatment of pathologies associated with the loss of specific cell types [as] for instance , nigral da neurons ( in pd ) or basal forebrain cholinergic neurons ( bfcn ) in the early stages of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 availability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 offers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 availability
2 availability 3 of
2 availability 8 offers
3 of 7 cells
4 induced 6 stem
5 pluripotent 6 stem
6 stem 7 cells
8 offers 11 promise
8 offers 31 neurons
8 offers 36 or
8 offers 44 in
9 a 11 promise
10 new 11 promise
11 promise 12 for
11 promise 15 of
12 for 14 treatment
13 the 14 treatment
15 of 16 pathologies
16 pathologies 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 loss
18 with 27 instance
18 with 29 nigral
19 the 20 loss
20 loss 21 of
21 of 24 types
22 specific 23 cell
23 cell 24 types
26 for 27 instance
27 instance 28 ,
30 da 31 neurons
31 neurons 33 in
32 ( 33 in
33 in 34 pd
33 in 35 )
36 or 40 neurons
37 basal 38 forebrain
38 forebrain 40 neurons
39 cholinergic 40 neurons
40 neurons 42 bfcn
41 ( 42 bfcn
42 bfcn 43 )
44 in 47 stages
45 the 47 stages
46 early 47 stages
47 stages 48 of
48 of 49 ad

recent studies documenting the use of cell reprogramming for the generation of multipotent neuronal precursors as well as functional bfcn and da neurons are reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 documenting
2 studies 24 are
3 documenting 5 use
3 documenting 9 for
3 documenting 17 well
3 documenting 18 as
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 8 reprogramming
7 cell 8 reprogramming
9 for 11 generation
10 the 11 generation
11 generation 12 of
12 of 15 precursors
13 multipotent 15 precursors
14 neuronal 15 precursors
16 as 17 well
18 as 22 da
18 as 23 neurons
19 functional 22 da
20 bfcn 21 and
21 and 22 da
22 da 23 neurons
24 are 25 reviewed

community - based organizations ( cbos ) serving persons living with hiv or aids face the challenge of an aging population with more chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 community 4 organizations
1 community 8 serving
1 community 10 living
1 community 13 or
2 - 4 organizations
3 based 4 organizations
4 organizations 6 cbos
4 organizations 7 )
5 ( 6 cbos
6 cbos 7 )
8 serving 9 persons
10 living 11 with
11 with 12 hiv
13 or 14 aids
13 or 15 face
15 face 17 challenge
15 face 22 with
16 the 17 challenge
17 challenge 18 of
18 of 21 population
19 an 21 population
20 aging 21 population
22 with 25 diseases
23 more 25 diseases
24 chronic 25 diseases

this study assessed cancer programming needs of aids service organizations ( asos ) in new york , new jersey , and connecticut by conducting a community needs assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 assessed
3 assessed 6 needs
3 assessed 9 service
4 cancer 6 needs
5 programming 6 needs
6 needs 7 of
6 needs 9 service
7 of 8 aids
9 service 10 organizations
9 service 14 in
10 organizations 12 asos
11 ( 12 asos
12 asos 13 )
14 in 16 york
15 new 16 york
16 york 19 jersey
17 , 19 jersey
18 new 19 jersey
19 jersey 20 ,
21 and 22 connecticut
21 and 27 needs
22 connecticut 23 by
22 connecticut 27 needs
23 by 24 conducting
24 conducting 26 community
25 a 26 community
27 needs 28 assessment

[sixty] [(] 58 % [ )(of 103 organizations completed the survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
3 58 4 %
4 % 6 )(of
4 % 9 completed
6 )(of 8 organizations
7 103 8 organizations
9 completed 11 survey
10 the 11 survey

asos conduct activities most related to early steps along the cancer care [continuum] , but they also express great interest in expanding cancer - focused programming into new areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
1 asos 3 activities
2 conduct 3 activities
4 most 5 related
5 related 6 to
5 related 9 along
5 related 14 ,
6 to 8 steps
7 early 8 steps
9 along 12 care
10 the 12 care
11 cancer 12 care
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 they
15 but 18 express
16 they 18 express
17 also 18 express
18 express 20 interest
18 express 21 in
19 great 20 interest
21 in 22 expanding
22 expanding 23 cancer
23 cancer 26 programming
24 - 26 programming
25 focused 26 programming
26 programming 27 into
26 programming 30 .
27 into 29 areas
28 new 29 areas

asos have resources or capacities in assisting hiv+ clients with mental health or substance abuse problems , but there exists a need for funding in undertaking [or] expanding cancer - focused programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 asos
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 asos 2 have
2 have 4 or
2 have 6 in
2 have 15 abuse
3 resources 4 or
4 or 5 capacities
6 in 7 assisting
7 assisting 9 clients
7 assisting 10 with
8 hiv+ 9 clients
10 with 13 or
11 mental 12 health
12 health 13 or
13 or 14 substance
15 abuse 16 problems
17 , 18 but
17 , 20 exists
17 , 30 -
18 but 19 there
18 but 20 exists
20 exists 22 need
21 a 22 need
22 need 23 for
23 for 24 funding
24 funding 25 in
25 in 29 cancer
26 undertaking 28 expanding
28 expanding 29 cancer
30 - 32 programs
31 focused 32 programs

asos are receptive to collaborating with researchers on disseminating cancer prevention and control knowledge in their settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 asos
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 asos 2 are
2 are 3 receptive
3 receptive 4 to
3 receptive 6 with
3 receptive 8 on
3 receptive 15 in
4 to 5 collaborating
6 with 7 researchers
8 on 9 disseminating
9 disseminating 12 and
10 cancer 11 prevention
11 prevention 12 and
12 and 14 knowledge
13 control 14 knowledge
15 in 17 settings
16 their 17 settings

community - academic research partnerships enable resonant training and technical assistance methods to be explored that will enhance the abilities of asos to bring cancer - related programming to their clients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 community 4 research
1 community 27 related
2 - 4 research
3 academic 4 research
4 research 5 partnerships
4 research 18 enhance
4 research 26 -
5 partnerships 6 enable
6 enable 9 and
6 enable 13 to
6 enable 18 enhance
7 resonant 8 training
8 training 9 and
9 and 12 methods
10 technical 12 methods
11 assistance 12 methods
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 explored
16 that 17 will
17 will 18 enhance
18 enhance 20 abilities
18 enhance 23 to
19 the 20 abilities
20 abilities 21 of
21 of 22 asos
23 to 24 bring
24 bring 25 cancer
27 related 28 programming
27 related 29 to
29 to 31 clients
30 their 31 clients

a hypothesis has been suggested , according to which destruction of the body that occurs during senescence and carcinogenesis is likely to be regulated by the atavistic mechanism of apical dominance described by plant physiologists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 a 2 hypothesis
2 hypothesis 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 suggested
6 , 23 be
7 according 8 to
7 according 20 is
8 to 9 which
8 to 10 destruction
8 to 14 that
8 to 15 occurs
9 which 10 destruction
10 destruction 11 of
11 of 13 body
12 the 13 body
14 that 15 occurs
15 occurs 16 during
16 during 18 and
17 senescence 18 and
18 and 19 carcinogenesis
20 is 21 likely
21 likely 22 to
22 to 23 be
23 be 24 regulated
24 regulated 25 by
25 by 28 mechanism
26 the 28 mechanism
27 atavistic 28 mechanism
28 mechanism 29 of
29 of 31 dominance
30 apical 31 dominance
31 dominance 32 described
32 described 33 by
33 by 35 physiologists
34 plant 35 physiologists

this mechanism is inherited from the first on earth multicellular animals that behaved the mode of life attached to benthos and to underwater objects and probably were modular sessile invertebrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 25 and
3 is 4 inherited
3 is 25 and
4 inherited 5 from
4 inherited 8 on
5 from 7 first
6 the 7 first
8 on 9 earth
9 earth 11 animals
9 earth 18 attached
10 multicellular 11 animals
11 animals 12 that
11 animals 13 behaved
11 animals 18 attached
12 that 13 behaved
13 behaved 15 mode
14 the 15 mode
15 mode 16 of
16 of 17 life
18 attached 21 and
19 to 20 benthos
19 to 21 and
21 and 22 to
22 to 24 objects
23 underwater 24 objects
25 and 27 were
26 probably 27 were
27 were 30 invertebrates
28 modular 29 sessile
29 sessile 30 invertebrates

delirium is a common condition , and is associated with adverse outcomes , including increased morbidity , increased mortality , and increased health services utilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 delirium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 delirium 7 and
2 is 5 condition
2 is 7 and
3 a 5 condition
4 common 5 condition
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 is
8 is 21 and
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 21 and
10 with 12 outcomes
11 adverse 12 outcomes
12 outcomes 14 including
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 morbidity
14 including 20 ,
15 increased 16 morbidity
16 morbidity 19 mortality
17 , 19 mortality
18 increased 19 mortality
19 mortality 20 ,
21 and 22 increased
21 and 25 utilization
22 increased 24 services
23 health 24 services

however , no medications against delirium have yet been approved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 medications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 approved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 medications
3 no 4 medications
4 medications 5 against
4 medications 7 have
5 against 6 delirium
7 have 9 been
8 yet 9 been
9 been 10 approved

thus , delirium is still unexplored not only in the psychiatric field , but also in all medical services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 delirium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 delirium
3 delirium 4 is
4 is 5 still
4 is 7 not
4 is 8 only
5 still 6 unexplored
8 only 14 but
9 in 12 field
9 in 14 but
10 the 12 field
11 psychiatric 12 field
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 also
14 but 16 in
16 in 19 services
17 all 19 services
18 medical 19 services

in the review , delirium etiologies , prediction , diagnosis , prevention , and treatment are outlined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 16 are
2 the 3 review
3 review 6 etiologies
4 , 6 etiologies
5 delirium 6 etiologies
6 etiologies 7 ,
8 prediction 9 ,
9 , 10 diagnosis
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 prevention
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 treatment
14 and 16 are
16 are 17 outlined

especially , future strategies of prediction and prevention , and the evaluation of antipsychotics from a safety perspective , are presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 especially 2 ,
1 especially 4 strategies
3 future 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 of
4 strategies 20 are
5 of 10 and
6 prediction 7 and
7 and 8 prevention
7 and 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 evaluation
10 and 19 ,
11 the 12 evaluation
12 evaluation 13 of
13 of 14 antipsychotics
14 antipsychotics 15 from
15 from 18 perspective
16 a 18 perspective
17 safety 18 perspective
20 are 21 presented

on the basis of such points , a treatment algorithm is proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 on 3 basis
1 on 7 ,
1 on 10 algorithm
2 the 3 basis
3 basis 4 of
4 of 6 points
5 such 6 points
8 a 9 treatment
8 a 10 algorithm
9 treatment 10 algorithm
10 algorithm 11 is
11 is 12 proposed

in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) [patients] , depression is not rare . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 depression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 4 disease
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 depression
2 alzheimer 3 's
3 's 4 disease
4 disease 6 ad
5 ( 6 ad
6 ad 7 )
10 depression 11 is
11 is 12 not
11 is 13 rare

the prevalence of major depressive episodes has been reported to be within the range of 20 - 25 % in ad patients , despite there being no association between the severity of ad and prevalence of comorbid depressive symptoms or diagnosed depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 7 has
3 of 6 episodes
4 major 6 episodes
5 depressive 6 episodes
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 reported
9 reported 10 to
9 reported 24 despite
9 reported 29 between
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 within
12 within 14 range
13 the 14 range
14 range 15 of
15 of 16 20
16 20 19 %
17 - 19 %
18 25 19 %
19 % 20 in
19 % 23 ,
20 in 22 patients
21 ad 22 patients
24 despite 26 being
25 there 26 being
26 being 28 association
27 no 28 association
29 between 31 severity
30 the 31 severity
31 severity 32 of
31 severity 36 of
32 of 34 and
33 ad 34 and
34 and 35 prevalence
36 of 40 or
37 comorbid 39 symptoms
38 depressive 39 symptoms
39 symptoms 40 or
40 or 42 depression
41 diagnosed 42 depression

depression in ad patients is associated with greater impairment of the quality of life and an increased caregiver burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 depression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 depression 2 in
1 depression 5 is
2 in 4 patients
3 ad 4 patients
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 9 impairment
8 greater 9 impairment
9 impairment 10 of
10 of 12 quality
11 the 12 quality
12 quality 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 life 15 and
15 and 19 burden
16 an 19 burden
17 increased 19 burden
18 caregiver 19 burden

as well as earlier placement in a nursing home [,] bio - psycho - social factors are also associated with the manifestation of depression in ad patients , and biological factors , such as the brain pathology , may be the main influence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 as 2 well
1 as 16 factors
3 as 5 placement
3 as 16 factors
4 earlier 5 placement
6 in 11 bio
6 in 12 -
6 in 16 factors
7 a 8 nursing
7 a 11 bio
8 nursing 11 bio
9 home 11 bio
13 psycho 14 -
13 psycho 16 factors
15 social 16 factors
16 factors 17 are
17 are 18 also
17 are 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 25 in
20 with 22 manifestation
21 the 22 manifestation
22 manifestation 23 of
23 of 24 depression
25 in 27 patients
26 ad 27 patients
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 factors
29 and 40 be
30 biological 31 factors
31 factors 34 as
31 factors 39 may
32 , 34 as
33 such 34 as
34 as 37 pathology
34 as 38 ,
35 the 37 pathology
36 brain 37 pathology
39 may 40 be
40 be 43 influence
41 the 42 main
41 the 43 influence

depressive mood , loss of interest , and anxiety are among the most marked symptoms of depression in ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 depressive 2 mood
3 , 8 and
3 , 10 are
4 loss 5 of
4 loss 8 and
5 of 6 interest
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 anxiety
8 and 10 are
10 are 11 among
10 are 18 in
11 among 15 symptoms
12 the 13 most
13 most 15 symptoms
14 marked 15 symptoms
15 symptoms 16 of
16 of 17 depression
18 in 20 patients
19 ad 20 patients

in comparison with major depressive disorder , in depression in ad , psychomotor retardation is more prominent , while , in major depressive disorder , somatic anxiety is more marked . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 15 is
2 comparison 3 with
3 with 6 disorder
4 major 6 disorder
5 depressive 6 disorder
6 disorder 8 in
7 , 8 in
8 in 9 depression
8 in 12 ,
9 depression 10 in
10 in 11 ad
13 psychomotor 14 retardation
14 retardation 15 is
15 is 17 prominent
16 more 17 prominent
17 prominent 19 while
18 , 19 while
19 while 27 anxiety
19 while 28 is
19 while 31 .
20 , 21 in
21 in 24 disorder
21 in 25 ,
21 in 27 anxiety
22 major 23 depressive
23 depressive 24 disorder
26 somatic 27 anxiety
27 anxiety 28 is
28 is 30 marked
29 more 30 marked

in the treatment of depression in ad , [non] [-] pharmacological and pharmacological therapies are applied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 3 treatment
1 in 8 ,
1 in 14 therapies
2 the 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 of
4 of 5 depression
5 depression 6 in
6 in 7 ad
11 pharmacological 12 and
12 and 13 pharmacological
12 and 14 therapies
14 therapies 15 are
15 are 16 applied

basically , support and encouragement are required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 basically 2 ,
1 basically 4 and
3 support 4 and
4 and 5 encouragement
4 and 6 are
6 are 7 required

in addition , psychosocial interventions , such as validation , reminiscence , physical exercise , and interventions for caregivers of those with dementia have been reported to be useful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 10 ,
1 in 16 and
2 addition 5 interventions
2 addition 8 as
3 , 5 interventions
4 psychosocial 5 interventions
5 interventions 6 ,
6 , 8 as
7 such 8 as
8 as 9 validation
8 as 10 ,
11 reminiscence 12 ,
12 , 14 exercise
12 , 16 and
13 physical 14 exercise
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 interventions
16 and 18 for
16 and 20 of
16 and 24 have
18 for 19 caregivers
20 of 21 those
21 those 22 with
22 with 23 dementia
24 have 25 been
25 been 26 reported
26 reported 27 to
26 reported 28 be
27 to 28 be
28 be 29 useful

the results of rct with antidepressants are inconsistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 7 are
3 of 4 rct
4 rct 5 with
5 with 6 antidepressants
7 are 8 inconsistent

as the efficacy [of] cholinesterase inhibitor for depression in ad has been reported , it is reasonable to initially provide treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors rather than antidepressant therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 as 6 inhibitor
1 as 13 reported
1 as 14 ,
1 as 15 it
2 the 6 inhibitor
3 efficacy 6 inhibitor
5 cholinesterase 6 inhibitor
6 inhibitor 7 for
6 inhibitor 11 has
7 for 8 depression
8 depression 9 in
9 in 10 ad
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 reported
15 it 16 is
16 is 17 reasonable
17 reasonable 18 to
17 reasonable 20 provide
18 to 20 provide
19 initially 20 provide
20 provide 21 treatment
20 provide 26 than
21 treatment 22 with
22 with 24 inhibitors
23 cholinesterase 24 inhibitors
25 rather 26 than
26 than 28 therapy
27 antidepressant 28 therapy

none none recent studies have demonstrated relationships between the disturbance of circadian rhythm and the development of lifestyle - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
1 none 3 recent
1 none 4 studies
1 none 5 have
2 none 3 recent
3 recent 4 studies
5 have 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 7 relationships
6 demonstrated 8 between
8 between 10 disturbance
9 the 10 disturbance
10 disturbance 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 circadian 13 rhythm
13 rhythm 14 and
14 and 16 development
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 development
17 of 18 lifestyle
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 diseases
20 related 22 .

first , epidemiological studies showed that rotating shift workers are more likely to develop obesity , hypertension , type 2 diabetes , coronary heart disease , and cancers than day shift employees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 4 studies
3 epidemiological 4 studies
4 studies 5 showed
5 showed 9 workers
5 showed 10 are
6 that 7 rotating
7 rotating 8 shift
8 shift 9 workers
9 workers 10 are
10 are 12 likely
11 more 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 develop
13 to 14 develop
14 develop 27 and
14 develop 29 than
15 obesity 16 ,
16 , 17 hypertension
16 , 18 ,
18 , 21 diabetes
18 , 22 ,
19 type 21 diabetes
20 2 21 diabetes
22 , 25 disease
22 , 27 and
23 coronary 24 heart
24 heart 25 disease
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 cancers
29 than 32 employees
30 day 31 shift
31 shift 32 employees

in addition , mice with their circadian rhythm chronically impaired by alteration of the light - dark cycle also develop such diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 mice
4 mice 5 with
4 mice 11 by
4 mice 20 develop
5 with 8 rhythm
6 their 8 rhythm
7 circadian 8 rhythm
8 rhythm 10 impaired
9 chronically 10 impaired
11 by 12 alteration
12 alteration 13 of
13 of 18 cycle
14 the 18 cycle
15 light 16 -
15 light 18 cycle
17 dark 18 cycle
19 also 20 develop
20 develop 22 diseases
21 such 22 diseases

furthermore , both the [genotypes] [and] genetic modifications of the clock genes are associated with the development of lifestyle - related diseases in humans and mice , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 both
3 both 4 the
3 both 8 modifications
3 both 13 are
4 the 8 modifications
7 genetic 8 modifications
8 modifications 9 of
9 of 12 genes
10 the 12 genes
11 clock 12 genes
13 are 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 28 respectively
15 with 17 development
16 the 17 development
17 development 18 of
18 of 19 lifestyle
19 lifestyle 22 diseases
20 - 22 diseases
21 related 22 diseases
22 diseases 23 in
22 diseases 27 ,
23 in 25 and
24 humans 25 and
25 and 26 mice

finally , circadian clocks in peripheral tissues are impaired in both patients with type 2 diabetes and obese diabetic mice , probably [not] due to metabolic abnormalities , but to the lifestyle , aging , [and/or] genetic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 clocks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 clocks
3 circadian 4 clocks
4 clocks 5 in
4 clocks 8 are
5 in 7 tissues
6 peripheral 7 tissues
8 are 9 impaired
9 impaired 10 in
9 impaired 13 with
9 impaired 25 to
10 in 12 patients
11 both 12 patients
13 with 17 and
14 type 16 diabetes
15 2 16 diabetes
16 diabetes 17 and
17 and 20 mice
18 obese 19 diabetic
19 diabetic 20 mice
21 , 22 probably
21 , 25 to
24 due 25 to
25 to 27 abnormalities
25 to 35 ,
26 metabolic 27 abnormalities
27 abnormalities 29 but
28 , 29 but
29 but 30 to
29 but 35 ,
30 to 32 lifestyle
31 the 32 lifestyle
32 lifestyle 34 aging
33 , 34 aging
34 aging 35 ,
35 , 38 factors
37 genetic 38 factors

thus , disturbance of the circadian rhythm is an important cause of lifestyle - related diseases , and therefore the circadian clocks are attractive therapeutic targets for preventing [and] treating these conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disturbance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 disturbance
3 disturbance 4 of
3 disturbance 8 is
4 of 7 rhythm
5 the 7 rhythm
6 circadian 7 rhythm
8 is 11 cause
9 an 10 important
9 an 11 cause
10 important 11 cause
11 cause 12 of
12 of 13 lifestyle
13 lifestyle 16 diseases
14 - 16 diseases
15 related 16 diseases
16 diseases 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 therefore
18 and 22 clocks
18 and 23 are
20 the 22 clocks
21 circadian 22 clocks
22 clocks 23 are
23 are 26 targets
24 attractive 26 targets
25 therapeutic 26 targets
26 targets 27 for
26 targets 30 treating
27 for 28 preventing
30 treating 32 conditions
31 these 32 conditions

mitochondria [are] considered to have originated from the symbiotic invasion of bacteria with aerobic atp production into pro [-] eukaryotic cells about two billion years ago . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 originated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 mitochondria 3 considered
1 mitochondria 4 to
1 mitochondria 5 have
1 mitochondria 6 originated
4 to 5 have
6 originated 7 from
6 originated 17 into
6 originated 22 about
7 from 10 invasion
8 the 10 invasion
9 symbiotic 10 invasion
10 invasion 11 of
11 of 12 bacteria
12 bacteria 13 with
13 with 16 production
14 aerobic 16 production
15 atp 16 production
17 into 21 cells
18 pro 21 cells
20 eukaryotic 21 cells
22 about 26 ago
23 two 24 billion
24 billion 25 years
25 years 26 ago

for this evolutionary reason , mitochondria [have] maintained their own genome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 for 4 reason
1 for 5 ,
1 for 6 mitochondria
2 this 3 evolutionary
3 evolutionary 4 reason
6 mitochondria 8 maintained
8 maintained 11 genome
9 their 10 own
9 their 11 genome

mitochondrial dna is circular and is inherited maternally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 mitochondrial 2 dna
2 dna 5 and
3 is 4 circular
3 is 5 and
5 and 6 is
6 is 7 inherited
7 inherited 8 maternally

thus , mitochondrial dna has characteristics different from nuclear dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 dna
3 mitochondrial 4 dna
4 dna 5 has
5 has 6 characteristics
6 characteristics 7 different
7 different 8 from
8 from 10 dna
9 nuclear 10 dna

human mitochondrial dna is small , about 16.5 kbp in length , and encodes only two rrnas , 22 trnas , and 13 proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 human 3 dna
2 mitochondrial 3 dna
3 dna 13 and
4 is 5 small
4 is 13 and
5 small 7 about
6 , 7 about
7 about 9 kbp
7 about 12 ,
8 16.5 9 kbp
9 kbp 10 in
10 in 11 length
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 encodes
13 and 22 and
15 only 16 two
16 two 22 and
17 rrnas 18 ,
18 , 20 trnas
18 , 22 and
19 22 20 trnas
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 proteins
23 13 24 proteins

however , the mitochondrial genome is essential for normal integrity of the mitochondrial electron transfer system ( or respiratory chain ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 genome
3 the 5 genome
4 mitochondrial 5 genome
5 genome 6 is
6 is 7 essential
7 essential 8 for
8 for 10 integrity
9 normal 10 integrity
10 integrity 11 of
11 of 18 or
12 the 16 system
13 mitochondrial 14 electron
14 electron 16 system
15 transfer 16 system
16 system 18 or
17 ( 18 or
18 or 20 chain
18 or 21 )
19 respiratory 20 chain

the electron transfer system is not only responsible for about 90 % of cellular atp production but is also closely linked to the metabolism of fatty acids , amino acids , and nucleic acids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 4 system
2 electron 4 system
3 transfer 4 system
4 system 17 but
5 is 6 not
5 is 7 only
5 is 8 responsible
5 is 17 but
8 responsible 9 for
9 for 12 %
10 about 11 90
11 90 12 %
12 % 13 of
13 of 16 production
14 cellular 16 production
15 atp 16 production
17 but 18 is
18 is 21 linked
19 also 21 linked
20 closely 21 linked
21 linked 22 to
22 to 24 metabolism
23 the 24 metabolism
24 metabolism 25 of
25 of 32 and
26 fatty 27 acids
27 acids 28 ,
28 , 30 acids
28 , 32 and
29 amino 30 acids
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 acids
33 nucleic 34 acids

in addition , its lack of integrity can cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 lack
4 its 5 lack
5 lack 6 of
5 lack 8 can
6 of 7 integrity
8 can 9 cause
9 cause 10 overproduction
10 overproduction 11 of
11 of 14 species
12 reactive 13 oxygen
13 oxygen 14 species

therefore , mutations of the mitochondrial genome are currently believed to be involved in many common diseases as well as classical mitochondrial neuromyopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 mutations
3 mutations 4 of
3 mutations 8 are
4 of 7 genome
5 the 7 genome
6 mitochondrial 7 genome
8 are 9 currently
8 are 10 believed
10 believed 11 to
10 believed 13 involved
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 involved
13 involved 14 in
14 in 17 diseases
15 many 17 diseases
16 common 17 diseases
17 diseases 20 as
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 23 neuromyopathies
21 classical 23 neuromyopathies
22 mitochondrial 23 neuromyopathies

accordingly , more researchers have begun to take an interest in the association of mitochondrial dna polymorphisms with aging and common diseases such as cancer , diabetes , neurodegeneration , and so on . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 4 researchers
3 more 4 researchers
4 researchers 5 have
5 have 6 begun
6 begun 7 to
7 to 8 take
8 take 10 interest
9 an 10 interest
10 interest 11 in
11 in 20 and
12 the 13 association
13 association 14 of
13 association 20 and
14 of 17 polymorphisms
15 mitochondrial 17 polymorphisms
16 dna 17 polymorphisms
17 polymorphisms 18 with
18 with 19 aging
20 and 22 diseases
20 and 24 as
21 common 22 diseases
23 such 24 as
24 as 31 and
25 cancer 26 ,
26 , 27 diabetes
26 , 28 ,
28 , 29 neurodegeneration
28 , 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 on
32 so 33 on

none the generation of viable sperm proceeds through a series of coordinated steps , including germ cell self - renewal , meiotic recombination , and terminal differentiation into functional spermatozoa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 coordinated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 none 3 generation
1 none 11 of
1 none 12 coordinated
2 the 3 generation
3 generation 4 of
3 generation 7 proceeds
4 of 6 sperm
5 viable 6 sperm
7 proceeds 8 through
8 through 10 series
9 a 10 series
10 series 11 of
12 coordinated 13 steps
14 , 18 self
14 , 19 -
15 including 18 self
16 germ 18 self
17 cell 18 self
19 - 25 and
19 - 31 .
20 renewal 21 ,
21 , 23 recombination
21 , 25 and
22 meiotic 23 recombination
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 differentiation
25 and 28 into
26 terminal 27 differentiation
28 into 30 spermatozoa
29 functional 30 spermatozoa

the p53 family of transcription factors , including p53 , p63 , and p73 , are critical for many physiological processes , including female fertility , but little is known about their functions in spermatogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 family
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 family
2 p53 3 family
3 family 4 of
3 family 6 factors
3 family 16 are
3 family 29 is
4 of 5 transcription
6 factors 8 including
6 factors 13 and
6 factors 16 are
7 , 8 including
8 including 9 p53
8 including 10 ,
10 , 13 and
11 p63 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 p73
13 and 15 ,
16 are 27 but
17 critical 18 for
17 critical 23 including
17 critical 27 but
18 for 21 processes
19 many 21 processes
20 physiological 21 processes
22 , 23 including
23 including 25 fertility
23 including 26 ,
24 female 25 fertility
27 but 28 little
29 is 30 known
30 known 31 about
30 known 34 in
31 about 33 functions
32 their 33 functions
34 in 35 spermatogenesis

here , we report that deficiency of the tap73 isoform , but not p53 or δnp73 , results in male infertility because of severe impairment of spermatogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 5 that
5 that 6 deficiency
5 that 18 results
6 deficiency 7 of
6 deficiency 18 results
7 of 10 isoform
8 the 10 isoform
9 tap73 10 isoform
10 isoform 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 not
12 but 15 or
12 but 17 ,
14 p53 15 or
15 or 16 δnp73
18 results 19 in
18 results 22 because
19 in 21 infertility
20 male 21 infertility
22 because 23 of
23 of 25 impairment
24 severe 25 impairment
25 impairment 26 of
26 of 27 spermatogenesis

mice lacking tap73 exhibited increased dna damage and cell death in spermatogonia , disorganized apical ectoplasmic specialization , malformed spermatids , and marked hyperspermia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 mice 2 lacking
1 mice 4 exhibited
1 mice 13 ,
2 lacking 3 tap73
5 increased 8 and
5 increased 11 in
5 increased 13 ,
6 dna 7 damage
7 damage 8 and
8 and 10 death
9 cell 10 death
11 in 12 spermatogonia
13 , 22 and
14 disorganized 17 specialization
14 disorganized 22 and
15 apical 17 specialization
16 ectoplasmic 17 specialization
17 specialization 20 spermatids
18 , 20 spermatids
19 malformed 20 spermatids
20 spermatids 21 ,
22 and 23 marked
23 marked 24 hyperspermia

we demonstrated that tap73 regulates the mrna levels of crucial genes involved in germ stem/progenitor cells ( cdkn2b ) , spermatid maturation/spermiogenesis ( metalloproteinase and serine proteinase inhibitors ) , and steroidogenesis ( cyp21a2 and progesterone receptor ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 demonstrated
2 demonstrated 3 that
3 that 4 tap73
3 that 5 regulates
4 tap73 5 regulates
5 regulates 8 levels
5 regulates 13 in
6 the 8 levels
7 mrna 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 11 genes
10 crucial 11 genes
11 genes 12 involved
13 in 16 cells
14 germ 15 stem/progenitor
15 stem/progenitor 16 cells
16 cells 18 cdkn2b
16 cells 22 maturation/spermiogenesis
17 ( 18 cdkn2b
18 cdkn2b 19 )
20 , 22 maturation/spermiogenesis
21 spermatid 22 maturation/spermiogenesis
22 maturation/spermiogenesis 31 and
22 maturation/spermiogenesis 38 )
23 ( 31 and
24 metalloproteinase 25 and
25 and 28 inhibitors
25 and 29 )
25 and 31 and
26 serine 28 inhibitors
27 proteinase 28 inhibitors
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 steroidogenesis
31 and 35 and
31 and 38 )
33 ( 35 and
34 cyp21a2 35 and
35 and 37 receptor
35 and 38 )
36 progesterone 37 receptor

these alterations of testicular histology and gene expression patterns were specific to tap73 null mice and not features of mice lacking p53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 alterations
2 alterations 3 of
2 alterations 6 and
3 of 5 histology
4 testicular 5 histology
6 and 9 patterns
6 and 10 were
7 gene 9 patterns
8 expression 9 patterns
10 were 16 and
11 specific 12 to
11 specific 16 and
12 to 15 mice
13 tap73 15 mice
14 null 15 mice
16 and 17 not
16 and 18 features
18 features 19 of
19 of 20 mice
20 mice 21 lacking
21 lacking 22 p53

our work provides previously [unidentified] in vivo evidence that tap73 has a unique role in spermatogenesis that ensures the maintenance of mitotic cells and normal spermiogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 work
2 work 3 provides
3 provides 4 previously
3 provides 7 vivo
3 provides 8 evidence
6 in 7 vivo
8 evidence 9 that
8 evidence 18 ensures
9 that 10 tap73
9 that 18 ensures
10 tap73 11 has
11 has 14 role
12 a 14 role
13 unique 14 role
14 role 15 in
15 in 16 spermatogenesis
17 that 18 ensures
18 ensures 20 maintenance
19 the 20 maintenance
20 maintenance 21 of
21 of 24 and
22 mitotic 23 cells
23 cells 24 and
24 and 26 spermiogenesis
25 normal 26 spermiogenesis

these results may have implications for the diagnosis and management of human male infertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 may
3 may 4 have
4 have 5 implications
5 implications 6 for
6 for 9 and
7 the 8 diagnosis
8 diagnosis 9 and
9 and 10 management
9 and 11 of
11 of 14 infertility
12 human 14 infertility
13 male 14 infertility

the melanocyte stem cells of the hair follicle provide an attractive system for the study of the stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 cells
2 melanocyte 4 cells
3 stem 4 cells
4 cells 5 of
4 cells 9 provide
5 of 8 follicle
6 the 8 follicle
7 hair 8 follicle
9 provide 12 system
10 an 11 attractive
10 an 12 system
11 attractive 12 system
12 system 13 for
13 for 15 study
14 the 15 study
15 study 16 of
16 of 19 cells
17 the 19 cells
18 stem 19 cells

successful regeneration of a functional organ relies on the organized and timely orchestration of molecular events among distinct stem/progenitor cell populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 relies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 successful 2 regeneration
2 regeneration 3 of
2 regeneration 7 relies
3 of 6 organ
4 a 5 functional
4 a 6 organ
5 functional 6 organ
7 relies 8 on
7 relies 17 among
8 on 13 orchestration
9 the 13 orchestration
10 organized 11 and
11 and 12 timely
11 and 13 orchestration
13 orchestration 14 of
14 of 16 events
15 molecular 16 events
17 among 21 populations
18 distinct 19 stem/progenitor
19 stem/progenitor 20 cell
20 cell 21 populations

the stem cells are regulated by communication with their [specialized] microenvironment known as the niche . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 cells
2 stem 3 cells
3 cells 4 are
4 are 5 regulated
5 regulated 6 by
5 regulated 8 with
6 by 7 communication
8 with 11 microenvironment
9 their 11 microenvironment
11 microenvironment 12 known
12 known 13 as
13 as 15 niche
14 the 15 niche

despite remarkable progress in understanding stem cell [-] intrinsic behavior , the molecular nature of the extrinsic factors provided to the stem cells by the niche microenvironment remains poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 despite 3 progress
1 despite 11 ,
1 despite 14 nature
2 remarkable 3 progress
3 progress 4 in
4 in 5 understanding
5 understanding 10 behavior
6 stem 10 behavior
7 cell 10 behavior
9 intrinsic 10 behavior
12 the 14 nature
13 molecular 14 nature
14 nature 15 of
14 nature 19 provided
15 of 18 factors
16 the 18 factors
17 extrinsic 18 factors
19 provided 20 to
20 to 23 cells
21 the 23 cells
22 stem 23 cells
23 cells 24 by
24 by 28 remains
25 the 28 remains
26 niche 27 microenvironment
27 microenvironment 28 remains
28 remains 30 understood
29 poorly 30 understood

in this regard , the bulge niche of the mammalian hair follicle offers an excellent model for study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 niche
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 offers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 regard
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 niche
2 this 3 regard
5 the 7 niche
6 bulge 7 niche
7 niche 8 of
7 niche 13 offers
8 of 12 follicle
9 the 12 follicle
10 mammalian 11 hair
11 hair 12 follicle
13 offers 16 model
14 an 15 excellent
14 an 16 model
15 excellent 16 model
16 model 17 for
17 for 18 study

it holds two resident populations of scs : epidermal stem cells and melanocyte stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 holds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 it 2 holds
2 holds 5 populations
3 two 5 populations
4 resident 5 populations
5 populations 6 of
6 of 7 scs
8 : 12 and
9 epidermal 10 stem
10 stem 11 cells
11 cells 12 and
12 and 15 cells
13 melanocyte 14 stem
14 stem 15 cells

while their behavior is tightly coordinated , very little of the crosstalk involved is known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 while 3 behavior
1 while 6 coordinated
1 while 7 ,
1 while 9 little
2 their 3 behavior
3 behavior 4 is
4 is 6 coordinated
5 tightly 6 coordinated
6 coordinated 7 ,
8 very 9 little
9 little 10 of
9 little 14 is
10 of 12 crosstalk
11 the 12 crosstalk
12 crosstalk 13 involved
14 is 15 known

this review summarized the recent development in trying to understand the regulation of melanocyte and melanocyte stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarized
3 summarized 6 development
3 summarized 7 in
4 the 6 development
5 recent 6 development
7 in 18 cells
8 trying 9 to
8 trying 15 and
9 to 10 understand
10 understand 12 regulation
11 the 12 regulation
12 regulation 13 of
13 of 14 melanocyte
15 and 16 melanocyte
15 and 17 stem
17 stem 18 cells

a better understanding of the normal regulation and behaviors of the melanocytes and the melanocyte stem cells will help to improve the clinical applications in regenerative medicine , cancer therapy , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 3 understanding
2 better 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 8 and
4 of 7 regulation
5 the 7 regulation
6 normal 7 regulation
8 and 9 behaviors
8 and 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 the 12 melanocytes
12 melanocytes 13 and
13 and 15 melanocyte
13 and 17 cells
13 and 19 help
14 the 15 melanocyte
16 stem 17 cells
17 cells 18 will
18 will 19 help
19 help 20 to
19 help 21 improve
20 to 21 improve
21 improve 24 applications
21 improve 25 in
22 the 24 applications
23 clinical 24 applications
25 in 32 and
26 regenerative 27 medicine
27 medicine 28 ,
28 , 30 therapy
28 , 32 and
29 cancer 30 therapy
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 aging

background : lipofuscin - like pigments ( lflp ) [are] considered a hallmark of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 lipofuscin
2 : 11 considered
2 : 16 .
3 lipofuscin 5 like
3 lipofuscin 11 considered
4 - 5 like
5 like 6 pigments
5 like 9 )
6 pigments 8 lflp
7 ( 8 lflp
8 lflp 9 )
11 considered 13 hallmark
12 a 13 hallmark
13 hallmark 14 of
14 of 15 aging

the intracellular lflp formation rate is negatively correlated with the life expectancy [of] cell . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 5 rate
2 intracellular 5 rate
3 lflp 5 rate
4 formation 5 rate
5 rate 6 is
6 is 8 correlated
7 negatively 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
9 with 14 cell
10 the 14 cell
11 life 14 cell
12 expectancy 14 cell

in food quality , increase [of] lflp not only affects the appearance but also causes loss of nutritional value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 lflp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 quality
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 lflp
2 food 3 quality
5 increase 7 lflp
7 lflp 14 also
8 not 9 only
9 only 14 also
10 affects 12 appearance
10 affects 14 also
11 the 12 appearance
13 but 14 also
14 also 15 causes
15 causes 16 loss
16 loss 17 of
17 of 19 value
18 nutritional 19 value

results : the accumulation of lflp increased during storage of all walnuts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 accumulation
3 the 4 accumulation
4 accumulation 5 of
4 accumulation 7 increased
5 of 6 lflp
7 increased 8 during
8 during 9 storage
9 storage 10 of
10 of 12 walnuts
11 all 12 walnuts

lflp fluorescent intensities of [walnuts] with 4 % , 6 % , 12 % and 16 % moisture at the end of storage were 8.1 , 4.8 , 4.3 and 2.8 times [those] at the beginning , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 lflp 3 intensities
2 fluorescent 3 intensities
3 intensities 4 of
3 intensities 15 and
4 of 6 with
6 with 8 %
6 with 14 %
7 4 8 %
8 % 11 %
9 , 11 %
10 6 11 %
11 % 12 ,
13 12 14 %
15 and 18 moisture
15 and 19 at
15 and 24 were
16 16 17 %
17 % 18 moisture
19 at 21 end
20 the 21 end
21 end 22 of
22 of 23 storage
24 were 25 8.1
24 were 38 respectively
25 8.1 27 4.8
25 8.1 32 times
26 , 27 4.8
27 4.8 28 ,
28 , 32 times
29 4.3 30 and
30 and 31 2.8
30 and 32 times
32 times 34 at
32 times 37 ,
34 at 36 beginning
35 the 36 beginning

the lflp accumulation of walnuts with high moisture was found to be negatively correlated with soluble [sugars] and 1,1 [-] diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl ( dpph ) radical quenching rate , but positively correlated with the content of hydroxymethylfuraldehyde ( hmf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lflp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 lflp
2 lflp 3 accumulation
2 lflp 10 found
2 lflp 33 but
3 accumulation 4 of
3 accumulation 9 was
4 of 5 walnuts
5 walnuts 6 with
6 with 8 moisture
7 high 8 moisture
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 negatively
12 be 14 correlated
14 correlated 15 with
15 with 18 and
15 with 30 quenching
16 soluble 18 and
18 and 21 diphenyl
18 and 24 -
19 1,1 21 diphenyl
22 - 24 -
23 2 24 -
24 - 25 picrylhydrazyl
24 - 28 )
25 picrylhydrazyl 27 dpph
26 ( 27 dpph
27 dpph 28 )
29 radical 30 quenching
31 rate 33 but
32 , 33 but
33 but 35 correlated
34 positively 35 correlated
35 correlated 36 with
36 with 38 content
37 the 38 content
38 content 39 of
39 of 40 hydroxymethylfuraldehyde
40 hydroxymethylfuraldehyde 42 hmf
41 ( 42 hmf
42 hmf 43 )

while the lflp accumulation of walnuts with low moisture had a strong positive correlation with anisidine value , it exhibited high negative correlations with acid phosphatase activity , dpph [(] [•] ) quenching rate [and] tocopherol content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 while 3 lflp
1 while 4 accumulation
2 the 3 lflp
4 accumulation 5 of
4 accumulation 7 with
4 accumulation 10 had
5 of 6 walnuts
7 with 9 moisture
8 low 9 moisture
10 had 14 correlation
11 a 14 correlation
12 strong 14 correlation
13 positive 14 correlation
14 correlation 15 with
15 with 17 value
16 anisidine 17 value
18 , 19 it
18 , 20 exhibited
19 it 20 exhibited
20 exhibited 23 correlations
20 exhibited 24 with
21 high 23 correlations
22 negative 23 correlations
24 with 27 activity
24 with 33 quenching
25 acid 27 activity
26 phosphatase 27 activity
27 activity 29 dpph
28 , 29 dpph
29 dpph 32 )
33 quenching 37 content
34 rate 36 tocopherol
36 tocopherol 37 content

conclusion : in walnuts with low initial moisture , lipoxidation products increased markedly during storage and these products might provide the source for lflp accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 5 with
3 in 4 walnuts
5 with 8 moisture
6 low 8 moisture
7 initial 8 moisture
9 , 11 products
9 , 12 increased
10 lipoxidation 11 products
11 products 12 increased
12 increased 13 markedly
12 increased 14 during
14 during 16 and
15 storage 16 and
16 and 17 these
16 and 18 products
16 and 20 provide
18 products 19 might
19 might 20 provide
20 provide 22 source
20 provide 23 for
21 the 22 source
23 for 25 accumulation
24 lflp 25 accumulation

on the other hand , in walnuts with high initial moisture , reducing [sugars] derived from the hydrolysis [of] soluble [sugars] might play an important role in initiating the maillard - like reaction , leading to lflp accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reducing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 13 reducing
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
4 hand 6 in
5 , 6 in
6 in 7 walnuts
6 in 12 ,
7 walnuts 8 with
8 with 11 moisture
9 high 11 moisture
10 initial 11 moisture
13 reducing 15 derived
13 reducing 22 might
15 derived 16 from
15 derived 20 soluble
16 from 18 hydrolysis
17 the 18 hydrolysis
22 might 23 play
23 play 26 role
24 an 25 important
24 an 26 role
25 important 26 role
26 role 27 in
26 role 35 leading
27 in 28 initiating
28 initiating 30 maillard
28 initiating 32 like
29 the 30 maillard
31 - 32 like
32 like 33 reaction
32 like 34 ,
35 leading 36 to
36 to 38 accumulation
37 lflp 38 accumulation

cellular senescence is a stress response that [accompanies] stable exit from the cell cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 3 is
3 is 10 exit
4 a 5 stress
4 a 10 exit
5 stress 10 exit
6 response 10 exit
7 that 9 stable
9 stable 10 exit
10 exit 11 from
11 from 14 cycle
12 the 14 cycle
13 cell 14 cycle

classically , senescence , particularly in human cells , involves the p53 and p16/rb pathways , and often both of these tumor suppressor pathways need to be abrogated to bypass senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 classically 2 ,
1 classically 3 senescence
3 senescence 6 in
3 senescence 10 involves
4 , 5 particularly
4 , 6 in
6 in 8 cells
6 in 9 ,
7 human 8 cells
10 involves 15 pathways
11 the 15 pathways
12 p53 13 and
13 and 14 p16/rb
13 and 15 pathways
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 both
17 and 25 need
18 often 19 both
19 both 20 of
19 both 25 need
20 of 24 pathways
21 these 24 pathways
22 tumor 24 pathways
23 suppressor 24 pathways
25 need 26 to
25 need 29 to
25 need 30 bypass
26 to 27 be
27 be 28 abrogated
29 to 30 bypass
30 bypass 31 senescence

in parallel , a number of effector mechanisms of senescence have been identified and characterized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parallel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 parallel
3 , 8 mechanisms
3 , 12 been
4 a 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 8 mechanisms
6 of 8 mechanisms
7 effector 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 of
8 mechanisms 11 have
9 of 10 senescence
11 have 12 been
12 been 14 and
13 identified 14 and
14 and 15 characterized

these studies suggest that senescence is a collective phenotype of these multiple effectors , and their intensity and combination can be different depending on triggers and cell types , conferring a complex and diverse nature to senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 senescence
4 that 6 is
5 senescence 6 is
6 is 9 phenotype
7 a 8 collective
7 a 9 phenotype
8 collective 9 phenotype
9 phenotype 10 of
10 of 13 effectors
11 these 13 effectors
12 multiple 13 effectors
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 and
15 and 21 be
16 their 17 intensity
17 intensity 18 and
18 and 19 combination
18 and 20 can
20 can 21 be
21 be 23 depending
21 be 36 to
22 different 23 depending
23 depending 24 on
24 on 33 and
25 triggers 26 and
26 and 28 types
26 and 29 ,
26 and 30 conferring
26 and 33 and
27 cell 28 types
30 conferring 32 complex
31 a 32 complex
33 and 35 nature
34 diverse 35 nature
36 to 37 senescence

series of studies on senescence - associated secretory phenotype [(] sasp ) in particular have revealed various layers of functionality of senescent cells in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 series
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 series 2 of
1 series 15 have
2 of 3 studies
3 studies 4 on
3 studies 14 particular
4 on 5 senescence
5 senescence 11 sasp
6 - 11 sasp
7 associated 9 phenotype
8 secretory 9 phenotype
9 phenotype 11 sasp
11 sasp 12 )
13 in 14 particular
15 have 16 revealed
16 revealed 18 layers
16 revealed 25 vivo
17 various 18 layers
18 layers 19 of
19 of 20 functionality
20 functionality 21 of
21 of 23 cells
22 senescent 23 cells
24 in 25 vivo

here we discuss some key features of senescence effectors and attempt to functionally link them when it is possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 10 and
3 discuss 6 features
3 discuss 10 and
4 some 6 features
5 key 6 features
6 features 7 of
7 of 9 effectors
8 senescence 9 effectors
10 and 11 attempt
11 attempt 12 to
11 attempt 14 link
12 to 14 link
13 functionally 14 link
14 link 15 them
14 link 16 when
16 when 17 it
16 when 18 is
17 it 18 is
18 is 19 possible

none the aim of the study was to investigate the differences in anticipatory postural adjustments ( apas ) between young and older adults and its effect on subsequent control of posture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 none 3 aim
1 none 8 to
1 none 9 investigate
2 the 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 7 was
4 of 6 study
5 the 6 study
7 was 8 to
9 investigate 11 differences
9 investigate 12 in
9 investigate 19 between
9 investigate 27 on
10 the 11 differences
12 in 15 adjustments
13 anticipatory 15 adjustments
14 postural 15 adjustments
15 adjustments 17 apas
16 ( 17 apas
17 apas 18 )
19 between 24 and
20 young 21 and
21 and 22 older
21 and 23 adults
23 adults 24 and
24 and 26 effect
25 its 26 effect
27 on 29 control
28 subsequent 29 control
29 control 30 of
30 of 31 posture

ten healthy older adults and thirteen healthy young adults were exposed to predictable external perturbations using the pendulum impact paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 exposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 ten 4 adults
2 healthy 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 and
5 and 9 adults
5 and 10 were
6 thirteen 9 adults
7 healthy 9 adults
8 young 9 adults
10 were 11 exposed
11 exposed 12 to
12 to 15 perturbations
13 predictable 15 perturbations
14 external 15 perturbations
15 perturbations 16 using
16 using 20 paradigm
17 the 20 paradigm
18 pendulum 20 paradigm
19 impact 20 paradigm

electromyographic activity of the trunk and leg muscles , the center of pressure ( cop ) , and center [of] mass ( com ) displacements in the anterior - posterior direction were recorded and analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments ( cpas ) phases of postural control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 electromyographic 2 activity
2 activity 3 of
2 activity 34 and
3 of 6 and
4 the 5 trunk
5 trunk 6 and
6 and 25 displacements
7 leg 8 muscles
8 muscles 9 ,
9 , 11 center
9 , 18 and
10 the 11 center
11 center 12 of
12 of 13 pressure
13 pressure 15 cop
14 ( 15 cop
15 cop 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 mass
18 and 23 com
18 and 25 displacements
19 center 21 mass
22 ( 23 com
23 com 24 )
25 displacements 26 in
26 in 31 direction
27 the 31 direction
28 anterior 29 -
28 anterior 31 direction
30 posterior 31 direction
32 were 33 recorded
32 were 34 and
34 and 35 analyzed
34 and 36 during
34 and 46 phases
36 during 42 adjustments
37 the 42 adjustments
38 anticipatory 39 and
39 and 40 compensatory
39 and 42 adjustments
41 postural 42 adjustments
42 adjustments 44 cpas
43 ( 44 cpas
44 cpas 45 )
46 phases 47 of
47 of 49 control
48 postural 49 control

the effect of aging was seen as delayed anticipatory muscle activity and larger compensatory muscle responses in older adults as compared to young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 delayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 5 was
3 of 4 aging
5 was 6 seen
6 seen 7 as
7 as 8 delayed
8 delayed 12 and
8 delayed 22 to
9 anticipatory 10 muscle
10 muscle 11 activity
11 activity 12 and
12 and 16 responses
12 and 17 in
12 and 21 compared
13 larger 15 muscle
14 compensatory 15 muscle
15 muscle 16 responses
17 in 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
20 as 21 compared
22 to 24 adults
23 young 24 adults

moreover , in spite of such larger reactive responses , older adults were still more unstable , exhibiting larger cop and com peak displacements after the perturbation than young adults when exposed to similar postural disturbances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
1 moreover 12 adults
2 , 3 in
3 in 4 spite
3 in 10 ,
3 in 12 adults
4 spite 5 of
5 of 9 responses
6 such 9 responses
7 larger 9 responses
8 reactive 9 responses
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 13 were
13 were 14 still
13 were 15 more
13 were 16 unstable
16 unstable 18 exhibiting
17 , 18 exhibiting
18 exhibiting 24 displacements
18 exhibiting 25 after
18 exhibiting 28 than
18 exhibiting 31 when
18 exhibiting 37 .
19 larger 24 displacements
20 cop 21 and
21 and 22 com
22 com 24 displacements
23 peak 24 displacements
25 after 27 perturbation
26 the 27 perturbation
28 than 30 adults
29 young 30 adults
31 when 32 exposed
32 exposed 33 to
33 to 36 disturbances
34 similar 36 disturbances
35 postural 36 disturbances

nonetheless , while apas are impaired in older adults , the ability to recruit muscles anticipatorily is largely preserved ; however , due to their smaller magnitudes and delayed onsets , it is likely that their effectiveness in reducing the magnitude of cpas is smaller . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 preserved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 nonetheless 2 ,
1 nonetheless 12 ability
2 , 3 while
3 while 4 apas
3 while 6 impaired
3 while 10 ,
3 while 12 ability
4 apas 5 are
5 are 6 impaired
6 impaired 7 in
7 in 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
11 the 12 ability
12 ability 13 to
12 ability 14 recruit
12 ability 17 is
13 to 14 recruit
14 recruit 15 muscles
14 recruit 16 anticipatorily
17 is 19 preserved
18 largely 19 preserved
20 ; 32 it
20 ; 33 is
21 however 32 it
22 , 24 to
23 due 24 to
24 to 28 and
24 to 31 ,
24 to 32 it
25 their 27 magnitudes
26 smaller 27 magnitudes
27 magnitudes 28 and
28 and 30 onsets
28 and 31 ,
29 delayed 30 onsets
32 it 33 is
33 is 34 likely
34 likely 35 that
35 that 37 effectiveness
35 that 44 is
36 their 37 effectiveness
37 effectiveness 38 in
37 effectiveness 42 of
37 effectiveness 44 is
38 in 39 reducing
39 reducing 41 magnitude
40 the 41 magnitude
42 of 43 cpas
44 is 45 smaller

the outcome of the study lends support toward investigating the ways of improving anticipatory postural control in people with balance impairments due to aging or neurological disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 lends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 of
2 outcome 6 lends
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 lends 25 or
7 support 8 toward
7 support 12 of
7 support 25 or
8 toward 9 investigating
9 investigating 11 ways
10 the 11 ways
12 of 13 improving
13 improving 16 control
13 improving 17 in
13 improving 19 with
14 anticipatory 16 control
15 postural 16 control
17 in 18 people
19 with 21 impairments
20 balance 21 impairments
21 impairments 22 due
22 due 23 to
23 to 24 aging
25 or 27 disorders
26 neurological 27 disorders

objective : biomarkers for alzheimer disease ( ad ) can detect the disease pathology in asymptomatic subjects and individuals with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , but their cognitive prognosis remains uncertain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 18 and
3 biomarkers 4 for
3 biomarkers 18 and
4 for 5 alzheimer
5 alzheimer 6 disease
5 alzheimer 11 detect
6 disease 8 ad
6 disease 10 can
7 ( 8 ad
8 ad 9 )
10 can 11 detect
11 detect 14 pathology
12 the 14 pathology
13 disease 14 pathology
14 pathology 15 in
15 in 17 subjects
16 asymptomatic 17 subjects
18 and 19 individuals
18 and 20 with
20 with 23 impairment
21 mild 23 impairment
22 cognitive 23 impairment
23 impairment 25 mci
24 ( 25 mci
25 mci 26 )
27 , 28 but
28 but 31 prognosis
28 but 32 remains
29 their 31 prognosis
30 cognitive 31 prognosis
31 prognosis 32 remains
32 remains 33 uncertain

we aimed to determine the prognostic value of β - amyloid imaging , alone [and] in combination [with] memory performance , hippocampal atrophy , and apolipoprotein e ε4 status in nondemented , older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 7 value
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 prognostic
5 the 6 prognostic
7 value 8 of
8 of 9 β
10 - 11 amyloid
10 - 32 ,
10 - 35 .
11 amyloid 12 imaging
12 imaging 14 alone
13 , 14 alone
14 alone 16 in
14 alone 32 ,
16 in 19 memory
17 combination 19 memory
19 memory 25 and
19 memory 30 in
19 memory 31 nondemented
20 performance 21 ,
21 , 23 atrophy
21 , 25 and
22 hippocampal 23 atrophy
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 apolipoprotein
25 and 28 ε4
26 apolipoprotein 27 e
28 ε4 29 status
28 ε4 30 in
32 , 34 individuals
33 older 34 individuals

methods : a total of 183 healthy individuals ( [age] = 72.0 ± 7.26 years ) and 87 participants with mci ( age = 73.7 ± [8.27] ) in the australian imaging , biomarkers , and lifestyle study of ageing were studied . 
1 methods 2 :
2 : 17 and
2 : 29 in
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 17 and
5 of 8 individuals
6 183 8 individuals
7 healthy 8 individuals
8 individuals 15 years
9 ( 15 years
11 = 12 72.0
12 72.0 15 years
13 ± 15 years
14 7.26 15 years
15 years 16 )
17 and 19 participants
17 and 20 with
18 87 19 participants
20 with 21 mci
21 mci 23 age
22 ( 23 age
23 age 25 73.7
23 age 26 ±
23 age 28 )
24 = 25 73.7
25 73.7 26 ±
29 in 32 imaging
30 the 31 australian
31 australian 32 imaging
32 imaging 36 and
33 , 36 and
34 biomarkers 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 lifestyle
36 and 38 study
36 and 41 were
36 and 42 studied
36 and 43 .
38 study 39 of
38 study 41 were
39 of 40 ageing

clinical reclassification was performed after 3 years , blind to biomarker findings [.] β - amyloid imaging was considered positive [if] [the] ( 11 ) [c] - pittsburgh compound b cortical to reference ratio was ≥1.5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 biomarker
1 clinical 2 reclassification
2 reclassification 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 after
4 performed 8 ,
4 performed 9 blind
5 after 7 years
6 3 7 years
9 blind 10 to
10 to 11 biomarker
11 biomarker 16 amyloid
12 findings 16 amyloid
14 β 15 -
14 β 16 amyloid
16 amyloid 17 imaging
16 amyloid 18 was
16 amyloid 19 considered
16 amyloid 24 11
16 amyloid 28 pittsburgh
17 imaging 18 was
19 considered 20 positive
23 ( 24 11
24 11 25 )
27 - 28 pittsburgh
28 pittsburgh 29 compound
28 pittsburgh 36 ≥1.5
28 pittsburgh 37 .
29 compound 30 b
29 compound 31 cortical
29 compound 35 was
31 cortical 32 to
31 cortical 33 reference
32 to 33 reference
33 reference 34 ratio
35 was 36 ≥1.5

results : thirteen percent of healthy persons progressed ( [15] to mci , 8 to dementia ) , and 59 % of the [mci] cohort progressed to probable ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 percent
2 : 8 progressed
2 : 19 and
2 : 30 .
3 thirteen 4 percent
4 percent 5 of
4 percent 8 progressed
5 of 7 persons
6 healthy 7 persons
8 progressed 11 to
9 ( 11 to
11 to 12 mci
11 to 18 ,
12 mci 14 8
13 , 14 8
14 8 15 to
14 8 17 )
15 to 16 dementia
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 %
19 and 26 progressed
20 59 21 %
21 % 22 of
21 % 26 progressed
22 of 25 cohort
23 the 25 cohort
26 progressed 27 to
27 to 29 ad
28 probable 29 ad

multivariate analysis showed β - amyloid imaging as the single variable most strongly associated with progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 multivariate 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 4 β
5 - 6 amyloid
5 - 14 associated
6 amyloid 7 imaging
6 amyloid 14 associated
7 imaging 8 as
7 imaging 12 most
8 as 11 variable
9 the 11 variable
10 single 11 variable
13 strongly 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 progression

almost all [amnestic] mci subjects ( [z] score ≤ - 1.5 ) with a positive amyloid [scan] developed ad ( or = ∞ ; ppv = 86 % , 95 % ci = 72 - 95 ; npv = 100 % , 95 % ci = 80 - 100 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ∞
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 almost 2 all
2 all 4 mci
2 all 5 subjects
2 all 22 =
4 mci 5 subjects
5 subjects 10 -
5 subjects 13 with
6 ( 10 -
8 score 9 ≤
9 ≤ 10 -
10 - 11 1.5
10 - 12 )
13 with 16 amyloid
13 with 21 or
14 a 16 amyloid
15 positive 16 amyloid
16 amyloid 18 developed
19 ad 21 or
20 ( 21 or
22 = 23 ∞
24 ; 25 ppv
24 ; 26 =
24 ; 37 ;
25 ppv 26 =
26 = 28 %
27 86 28 %
28 % 32 ci
29 , 32 ci
30 95 32 ci
31 % 32 ci
32 ci 35 -
32 ci 37 ;
33 = 34 72
34 72 35 -
35 - 36 95
37 ; 38 npv
37 ; 39 =
38 npv 39 =
39 = 41 %
40 100 41 %
41 % 45 ci
42 , 45 ci
43 95 45 ci
44 % 45 ci
45 ci 48 -
45 ci 50 )
46 = 47 80
47 80 48 -
48 - 49 100

hippocampal atrophy and ε4 status did not add further predictive value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 hippocampal 2 atrophy
2 atrophy 3 and
3 and 5 status
3 and 6 did
4 ε4 5 status
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 add
8 add 11 value
9 further 11 value
10 predictive 11 value

interpretation : subtle memory impairment with a positive β - amyloid [scan] identifies healthy individuals at high risk for mci or ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 5 impairment
2 : 13 identifies
3 subtle 4 memory
4 memory 5 impairment
5 impairment 6 with
5 impairment 13 identifies
6 with 11 amyloid
7 a 11 amyloid
8 positive 11 amyloid
9 β 10 -
9 β 11 amyloid
13 identifies 21 or
14 healthy 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 at
15 individuals 21 or
16 at 18 risk
17 high 18 risk
18 risk 19 for
19 for 20 mci
21 or 22 ad

clearly amnestic patients with a positive amyloid [scan] have prodromal ad and a poor prognosis for dementia within 3 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 clearly 3 patients
2 amnestic 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 9 have
4 with 7 amyloid
5 a 6 positive
5 a 7 amyloid
6 positive 7 amyloid
9 have 12 and
9 have 18 within
10 prodromal 11 ad
11 ad 12 and
12 and 15 prognosis
12 and 16 for
13 a 14 poor
13 a 15 prognosis
14 poor 15 prognosis
16 for 17 dementia
18 within 20 years
19 3 20 years

elevated serum cholesterol concentrations in mid - life increase risk for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 elevated 2 serum
2 serum 4 concentrations
3 cholesterol 4 concentrations
4 concentrations 5 in
4 concentrations 9 increase
5 in 8 life
6 mid 7 -
6 mid 8 life
9 increase 10 risk
9 increase 18 in
10 risk 11 for
11 for 14 disease
12 alzheimer 13 's
13 's 14 disease
14 disease 16 ad
15 ( 16 ad
16 ad 17 )
18 in 20 life
19 later 20 life

however , lower concentrations of cholesterol - carrying high density lipoprotein ( hdl ) and its principal apolipoprotein a1 ( apoa1 ) correlate with increased risk for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 15 and
3 lower 4 concentrations
4 concentrations 5 of
4 concentrations 15 and
5 of 6 cholesterol
6 cholesterol 8 carrying
7 - 8 carrying
8 carrying 11 lipoprotein
8 carrying 14 )
9 high 10 density
10 density 11 lipoprotein
11 lipoprotein 13 hdl
12 ( 13 hdl
13 hdl 14 )
15 and 19 a1
15 and 21 apoa1
15 and 23 correlate
16 its 18 apolipoprotein
17 principal 18 apolipoprotein
18 apolipoprotein 19 a1
20 ( 21 apoa1
21 apoa1 22 )
23 correlate 24 with
23 correlate 27 for
24 with 26 risk
25 increased 26 risk
27 for 28 ad

as hdl transports oxocarotenoids , which are scavengers of peroxynitrite , we have investigated the hypothesis that lower hdl and oxocarotenoid concentrations during ad may render hdl susceptible to nitration and oxidation and in turn reduce the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport ( rct ) from lipid [-] laden cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 as 2 hdl
1 as 3 transports
1 as 11 ,
1 as 12 we
2 hdl 3 transports
3 transports 4 oxocarotenoids
4 oxocarotenoids 6 which
5 , 6 which
6 which 7 are
6 which 11 ,
7 are 8 scavengers
8 scavengers 9 of
9 of 10 peroxynitrite
12 we 13 have
13 have 14 investigated
14 investigated 16 hypothesis
15 the 16 hypothesis
16 hypothesis 17 that
17 that 20 and
17 that 33 and
18 lower 19 hdl
19 hdl 20 and
20 and 22 concentrations
20 and 23 during
20 and 25 may
21 oxocarotenoid 22 concentrations
23 during 24 ad
25 may 33 and
26 render 27 hdl
26 render 28 susceptible
26 render 29 to
26 render 33 and
29 to 31 and
30 nitration 31 and
31 and 32 oxidation
33 and 36 reduce
33 and 38 efficiency
34 in 35 turn
35 turn 36 reduce
37 the 38 efficiency
38 efficiency 39 of
38 efficiency 46 from
39 of 42 transport
40 reverse 42 transport
41 cholesterol 42 transport
42 transport 44 rct
43 ( 44 rct
44 rct 45 )
46 from 50 cells
47 lipid 50 cells
49 laden 50 cells

hdl concentration in the plasma from ad plus patients was significantly lower compared to ad or control subject hdl levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 hdl 2 concentration
2 concentration 3 in
2 concentration 6 from
2 concentration 10 was
3 in 5 plasma
4 the 5 plasma
6 from 9 patients
7 ad 8 plus
8 plus 9 patients
10 was 12 lower
10 was 13 compared
11 significantly 12 lower
13 compared 14 to
14 to 16 or
15 ad 16 or
16 or 20 levels
17 control 18 subject
18 subject 20 levels
19 hdl 20 levels

similarly , lutein , lycopene , and zeaxanthin concentrations were significantly lower in ad plus patients compared to those in control subjects or ad patients , and oxocarotenoid concentrations correlated with mini - mental state examination scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 7 and
3 lutein 4 ,
4 , 5 lycopene
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 concentrations
7 and 10 were
8 zeaxanthin 9 concentrations
10 were 11 significantly
10 were 12 lower
12 lower 13 in
13 in 15 plus
14 ad 15 plus
15 plus 16 patients
15 plus 17 compared
16 patients 17 compared
17 compared 18 to
18 to 27 and
19 those 20 in
19 those 23 or
20 in 22 subjects
21 control 22 subjects
23 or 24 ad
23 or 25 patients
25 patients 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 concentrations
27 and 30 correlated
27 and 36 examination
27 and 37 scores
28 oxocarotenoid 29 concentrations
30 correlated 31 with
30 correlated 33 -
30 correlated 34 mental
31 with 32 mini
35 state 36 examination
36 examination 37 scores

at equivalent concentrations of apoa1 , hdl isolated from all subjects irrespective of diagnosis was equally effective at mediating rct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hdl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 at 3 concentrations
1 at 6 ,
1 at 7 hdl
2 equivalent 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 of
4 of 5 apoa1
7 hdl 8 isolated
7 hdl 15 was
8 isolated 9 from
8 isolated 13 of
9 from 11 subjects
10 all 11 subjects
12 irrespective 13 of
13 of 14 diagnosis
15 was 16 equally
15 was 17 effective
17 effective 18 at
18 at 19 mediating
19 mediating 20 rct

hdl concentration is lower in ad plus patients ' plasma and thus capacity for rct is compromised . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hdl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 compromised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 hdl 2 concentration
1 hdl 16 is
1 hdl 17 compromised
2 concentration 3 is
3 is 4 lower
4 lower 5 in
4 lower 11 and
4 lower 14 for
5 in 7 plus
6 ad 7 plus
8 patients 9 '
9 ' 10 plasma
10 plasma 11 and
11 and 12 thus
11 and 13 capacity
14 for 15 rct
15 rct 16 is

in contrast , hdl from patients with ad - only was not different in concentration , modifications , or function from hdl of healthy age - matched donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 4 hdl
2 contrast 11 was
3 , 4 hdl
4 hdl 5 from
4 hdl 9 -
5 from 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
7 with 8 ad
10 only 11 was
11 was 12 not
11 was 13 different
13 different 14 in
14 in 19 or
15 concentration 16 ,
16 , 17 modifications
16 , 19 or
18 , 19 or
19 or 20 function
19 or 21 from
19 or 23 of
21 from 22 hdl
23 of 25 age
24 healthy 25 age
26 - 28 donors
26 - 29 .
27 matched 28 donors

the relative importance of elevating hdl alone compared with elevating carotenoids alone or elevating both to reduce risk for dementia should be investigated in patients with early signs of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 importance
2 relative 3 importance
3 importance 4 of
3 importance 8 compared
3 importance 16 to
3 importance 17 reduce
3 importance 19 for
3 importance 21 should
4 of 5 elevating
5 elevating 6 hdl
7 alone 8 compared
8 compared 9 with
8 compared 13 or
9 with 10 elevating
10 elevating 11 carotenoids
12 alone 13 or
13 or 14 elevating
15 both 16 to
16 to 17 reduce
17 reduce 18 risk
19 for 20 dementia
21 should 22 be
22 be 23 investigated
23 investigated 24 in
23 investigated 26 with
24 in 25 patients
26 with 28 signs
27 early 28 signs
28 signs 29 of
29 of 30 dementia

previous studies have shown that alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is associated with a reduced risk of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 8 disease
5 that 13 associated
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 10 ad
8 disease 12 is
9 ( 10 ad
10 ad 11 )
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 17 risk
15 a 17 risk
16 reduced 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 19 cancer

however , most studies exclude those with undiagnosed dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 most 4 studies
4 studies 5 exclude
5 exclude 6 those
5 exclude 7 with
7 with 9 dementia
8 undiagnosed 9 dementia

the only way to overcome this methodological issue is to examine all the participants or to screen the population for symptoms of dementia with a validated instrument and confirm any suspected dementia patients with a clinical examination ( i.e [.] , a [two] - phase investigation method ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 way
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 only
1 the 3 way
3 way 4 to
3 way 5 overcome
3 way 9 is
4 to 5 overcome
5 overcome 8 issue
6 this 8 issue
7 methodological 8 issue
9 is 10 to
9 is 15 or
10 to 15 or
11 examine 12 all
11 examine 15 or
12 all 13 the
12 all 14 participants
13 the 14 participants
15 or 16 to
15 or 28 and
15 or 34 with
16 to 28 and
17 screen 19 population
17 screen 20 for
17 screen 28 and
18 the 19 population
20 for 21 symptoms
21 symptoms 22 of
22 of 23 dementia
23 dementia 24 with
24 with 27 instrument
25 a 27 instrument
26 validated 27 instrument
28 and 29 confirm
29 confirm 30 any
29 confirm 31 suspected
30 any 31 suspected
31 suspected 33 patients
32 dementia 33 patients
34 with 37 examination
35 a 37 examination
36 clinical 37 examination
37 examination 39 i.e
37 examination 44 -
38 ( 39 i.e
39 i.e 41 ,
41 , 44 -
42 a 44 -
44 - 47 method
44 - 48 )
45 phase 46 investigation
46 investigation 47 method

we used this methodology to estimate [whether] cancer - specific mortality is associated with ad and other types of dementia in a prospective population - based study ( nedices ) involving 5,278 elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 methodology
2 used 5 to
2 used 6 estimate
3 this 4 methodology
5 to 6 estimate
6 estimate 8 cancer
9 - 11 mortality
9 - 13 associated
9 - 35 .
10 specific 11 mortality
11 mortality 12 is
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 and
15 ad 16 and
16 and 18 types
16 and 19 of
16 and 31 involving
17 other 18 types
19 of 20 dementia
20 dementia 21 in
20 dementia 27 study
21 in 24 population
22 a 24 population
23 prospective 24 population
25 - 27 study
26 based 27 study
27 study 29 nedices
27 study 30 )
28 ( 29 nedices
29 nedices 30 )
31 involving 34 people
32 5,278 34 people
33 elderly 34 people

community - dwelling subjects [with] [and] without dementia were identified and followed for a median of 12.5 years [,] after which the death certificates of those who deceased were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dwelling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 community 2 -
1 community 3 dwelling
3 dwelling 4 subjects
3 dwelling 11 and
4 subjects 7 without
7 without 8 dementia
9 were 10 identified
9 were 11 and
11 and 12 followed
11 and 13 for
13 for 15 median
14 a 15 median
15 median 16 of
15 median 20 after
15 median 30 examined
16 of 18 years
17 12.5 18 years
20 after 21 which
21 which 24 certificates
21 which 30 examined
22 the 24 certificates
23 death 24 certificates
24 certificates 25 of
24 certificates 27 who
24 certificates 28 deceased
24 certificates 29 were
25 of 26 those
27 who 28 deceased
29 were 30 examined

a total of 1,976 ( 47.1 % ) died , including 277 who had possible or probable ad and 126 [with] [non] - ad dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 died
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 9 died
3 of 4 1,976
4 1,976 7 %
5 ( 7 %
6 47.1 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 died 11 including
10 , 11 including
11 including 12 277
11 including 26 .
12 277 13 who
12 277 14 had
13 who 14 had
14 had 16 or
14 had 19 and
15 possible 16 or
16 or 17 probable
18 ad 19 and
19 and 25 dementia
20 126 24 ad
23 - 24 ad
24 ad 25 dementia

cancer was reported significantly less often in those with possible or probable ad ( 5.8 % ) or [non] [-] ad dementia ( 6.3 % ) than in those without dementia ( 26.5 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 cancer 2 was
2 was 3 reported
3 reported 6 often
3 reported 7 in
3 reported 27 than
3 reported 30 without
4 significantly 5 less
5 less 6 often
7 in 18 or
8 those 9 with
8 those 18 or
9 with 13 ad
10 possible 11 or
11 or 12 probable
11 or 13 ad
13 ad 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 5.8 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 or 22 dementia
18 or 25 %
21 ad 22 dementia
23 ( 25 %
24 6.3 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 than 28 in
28 in 29 those
30 without 31 dementia
31 dementia 34 %
32 ( 34 %
33 26.5 34 %
34 % 35 )

in an unadjusted cox model , hazard ratio ( hr [ )(of cancer - specific mortality in participants with ad [=] 0.45 ( p = 0.002 ) and hr in participants with [non] [-] ad dementia = 0.62 ( p = 0.179 ) when compared to the [non] [-] demented group [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hazard
1 in 5 model
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 hazard
2 an 5 model
3 unadjusted 5 model
4 cox 5 model
7 hazard 8 ratio
7 hazard 17 in
8 ratio 14 -
9 ( 14 -
10 hr 12 )(of
10 hr 14 -
12 )(of 13 cancer
14 - 16 mortality
15 specific 16 mortality
17 in 18 participants
18 participants 19 with
19 with 28 and
20 ad 25 =
20 ad 28 and
22 0.45 25 =
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.002
25 = 27 )
28 and 29 hr
28 and 30 in
28 and 32 with
28 and 36 dementia
28 and 37 =
30 in 31 participants
32 with 35 ad
36 dementia 37 =
37 = 41 =
37 = 44 when
38 0.62 41 =
39 ( 41 =
40 p 41 =
41 = 42 0.179
41 = 43 )
44 when 45 compared
45 compared 46 to
46 to 51 group
47 the 51 group
50 demented 51 group

in a cox model that adjusted for a variety of demographic factors and co - morbidities , hrs of cancer - specific mortality in participants with ad = 0.50 ( p = 0.028 ) [and] 0.97 ( p = 0.942 ) in [non] [-] ad dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 in 4 model
1 in 23 mortality
2 a 4 model
3 cox 4 model
4 model 5 that
4 model 6 adjusted
4 model 10 of
5 that 6 adjusted
6 adjusted 7 for
7 for 9 variety
8 a 9 variety
10 of 13 and
11 demographic 12 factors
12 factors 13 and
13 and 14 co
13 and 16 morbidities
15 - 16 morbidities
16 morbidities 18 hrs
16 morbidities 21 -
17 , 18 hrs
18 hrs 19 of
18 hrs 21 -
19 of 20 cancer
22 specific 23 mortality
23 mortality 24 in
23 mortality 26 with
23 mortality 28 =
24 in 25 participants
26 with 27 ad
28 = 29 0.50
28 = 42 in
29 0.50 32 =
29 0.50 39 =
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.028
32 = 34 )
36 0.97 39 =
37 ( 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.942
39 = 41 )
42 in 46 dementia
45 ad 46 dementia

this study provides further evidence of an inverse association between cancer and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 evidence
3 provides 10 between
4 further 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 of
6 of 9 association
7 an 8 inverse
7 an 9 association
8 inverse 9 association
10 between 12 and
11 cancer 12 and
12 and 13 ad

in the past two decades research has highlighted [how] implicit memory processes are spared in degenerative disorders , such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , which are characterized by the early onset of explicit memory deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 5 decades
1 in 12 processes
2 the 3 past
2 the 4 two
4 two 5 decades
5 decades 6 research
5 decades 8 highlighted
6 research 7 has
7 has 8 highlighted
8 highlighted 11 memory
10 implicit 11 memory
12 processes 13 are
13 are 14 spared
14 spared 15 in
14 spared 20 as
15 in 17 disorders
16 degenerative 17 disorders
18 , 20 as
19 such 20 as
20 as 23 disease
20 as 27 ,
21 alzheimer 22 's
22 's 23 disease
23 disease 25 ad
24 ( 25 ad
25 ad 26 )
27 , 28 which
27 , 30 characterized
28 which 29 are
29 are 30 characterized
30 characterized 31 by
31 by 34 onset
32 the 34 onset
33 early 34 onset
34 onset 35 of
35 of 38 deficits
36 explicit 37 memory
37 memory 38 deficits

however , according to recent studies , there may be dissociations among different types of implicit memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 8 there
2 , 4 to
3 according 4 to
4 to 6 studies
4 to 7 ,
4 to 8 there
5 recent 6 studies
8 there 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 dissociations
11 dissociations 12 among
12 among 17 memory
13 different 14 types
14 types 15 of
14 types 17 memory
15 of 17 memory
16 implicit 17 memory

although several studies have shown selective sparing of lexical priming in ad , it is not completely clear what happens to other types of implicit memory processes , such as visuo - perceptual priming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 2 several
1 although 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 7 sparing
5 shown 11 in
6 selective 7 sparing
7 sparing 8 of
8 of 10 priming
9 lexical 10 priming
11 in 12 ad
13 , 14 it
13 , 15 is
13 , 32 -
14 it 15 is
15 is 16 not
15 is 18 clear
17 completely 18 clear
18 clear 19 what
19 what 20 happens
20 happens 21 to
20 happens 30 as
21 to 27 processes
22 other 23 types
23 types 24 of
23 types 27 processes
24 of 27 processes
25 implicit 26 memory
26 memory 27 processes
28 , 30 as
29 such 30 as
30 as 31 visuo
30 as 32 -
32 - 34 priming
33 perceptual 34 priming

the present study examines the possibility that the visuo - perceptual priming effect is spared in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examines
4 examines 6 possibility
5 the 6 possibility
6 possibility 7 that
7 that 13 effect
7 that 15 spared
8 the 13 effect
9 visuo 10 -
9 visuo 12 priming
11 perceptual 12 priming
12 priming 13 effect
13 effect 14 is
14 is 15 spared
15 spared 16 in
16 in 17 ad

we tested two groups of participants , i.e . [,] a group of ad patients and a group of healthy age - matched controls , using a visuo - perceptual priming task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 4 groups
3 two 4 groups
4 groups 5 of
5 of 6 participants
7 , 8 i.e
9 . 16 and
9 . 32 task
9 . 33 .
11 a 12 group
12 group 13 of
12 group 16 and
13 of 15 patients
14 ad 15 patients
16 and 18 group
16 and 19 of
16 and 26 using
16 and 32 task
17 a 18 group
19 of 21 age
20 healthy 21 age
21 age 24 controls
22 - 24 controls
23 matched 24 controls
24 controls 25 ,
26 using 31 priming
27 a 31 priming
28 visuo 29 -
28 visuo 31 priming
30 perceptual 31 priming

the task required the identification of [fragmented] pictures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 task
2 task 3 required
3 required 5 identification
4 the 5 identification
5 identification 6 of
6 of 8 pictures

results showed a deficient priming effect in ad patients when it was measured by an identification of fragmented pictures task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 6 effect
2 showed 7 in
2 showed 10 when
3 a 6 effect
4 deficient 5 priming
5 priming 6 effect
7 in 9 patients
8 ad 9 patients
10 when 11 it
10 when 12 was
11 it 12 was
12 was 13 measured
13 measured 14 by
14 by 20 task
15 an 20 task
16 identification 17 of
16 identification 19 pictures
17 of 18 fragmented
19 pictures 20 task

we discuss our results in light of the current hypothesis of [a] functional segregation in priming processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 4 results
2 discuss 5 in
2 discuss 15 in
3 our 4 results
5 in 6 light
6 light 7 of
7 of 10 hypothesis
8 the 10 hypothesis
9 current 10 hypothesis
10 hypothesis 11 of
11 of 14 segregation
13 functional 14 segregation
15 in 16 priming
16 priming 17 processes

background/objectives : low blood levels of 25 - hydroxyvitamin d ( 25ohd ) have been associated with cardiometabolic disease but results are inconsistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 levels
2 : 16 associated
2 : 20 but
2 : 24 .
3 low 4 blood
4 blood 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 14 have
6 of 7 25
7 25 9 hydroxyvitamin
8 - 9 hydroxyvitamin
9 hydroxyvitamin 10 d
9 hydroxyvitamin 12 25ohd
9 hydroxyvitamin 13 )
11 ( 12 25ohd
12 25ohd 13 )
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 19 disease
18 cardiometabolic 19 disease
20 but 21 results
20 but 22 are
21 results 22 are
22 are 23 inconsistent

the objective of the study was to investigate the association of 25ohd [with] metabolic [syndrome] in a population at increased risk for diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 14 metabolic
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 association
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 of
11 of 12 25ohd
14 metabolic 16 in
14 metabolic 19 at
16 in 18 population
17 a 18 population
19 at 21 risk
20 increased 21 risk
21 risk 22 for
22 for 23 diabetes

subjects/methods : using baseline data from the placebo and lifestyle intervention arms of the diabetes prevention program ( n=2000 ) , multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds [of] prevalent metabolic syndrome and each of its individual components across 25ohd tertiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects/methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 subjects/methods 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 5 data
3 using 6 from
4 baseline 5 data
6 from 9 and
7 the 8 placebo
8 placebo 9 and
9 and 12 arms
9 and 13 of
10 lifestyle 11 intervention
11 intervention 12 arms
13 of 17 program
14 the 17 program
15 diabetes 16 prevention
16 prevention 17 program
17 program 19 n=2000
17 program 24 regression
18 ( 19 n=2000
19 n=2000 20 )
21 , 24 regression
22 multivariable 23 logistic
23 logistic 24 regression
24 regression 25 models
24 regression 29 estimate
24 regression 45 .
25 models 26 were
26 were 27 used
27 used 28 to
27 used 29 estimate
28 to 29 estimate
29 estimate 44 tertiles
30 the 35 syndrome
31 odds 35 syndrome
33 prevalent 35 syndrome
34 metabolic 35 syndrome
35 syndrome 36 and
36 and 37 each
36 and 38 of
36 and 42 across
36 and 44 tertiles
38 of 41 components
39 its 41 components
40 individual 41 components
42 across 43 25ohd

multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted mean difference of insulin secretion and sensitivity across the same 25ohd tertiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 multivariable 3 regression
1 multivariable 4 was
1 multivariable 5 used
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 estimate
6 to 7 estimate
7 estimate 11 difference
7 estimate 21 tertiles
8 the 11 difference
9 adjusted 11 difference
10 mean 11 difference
11 difference 12 of
11 difference 21 tertiles
12 of 15 and
13 insulin 14 secretion
14 secretion 15 and
15 and 16 sensitivity
15 and 17 across
17 across 20 25ohd
18 the 19 same
19 same 20 25ohd

in participants free of metabolic syndrome [at] baseline ( n=546 ) , incident metabolic syndrome [in] [the] first 2 years [of] follow - up was assessed using discrete - time proportional hazards regression to test its association with 25ohd concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 2 participants
1 in 20 years
3 free 4 of
3 free 12 ,
3 free 20 years
4 of 8 baseline
5 metabolic 6 syndrome
6 syndrome 8 baseline
8 baseline 10 n=546
9 ( 10 n=546
10 n=546 11 )
13 incident 20 years
14 metabolic 15 syndrome
15 syndrome 20 years
18 first 20 years
19 2 20 years
20 years 22 follow
23 - 24 up
23 - 25 was
23 - 29 -
24 up 25 was
25 was 27 using
25 was 28 discrete
26 assessed 27 using
29 - 30 time
30 time 33 regression
31 proportional 32 hazards
32 hazards 33 regression
33 regression 34 to
33 regression 35 test
34 to 35 test
35 test 37 association
35 test 38 with
36 its 37 association
38 with 39 25ohd
38 with 40 concentration

results : after multivariate adjustment , participants in the highest tertile of 25ohd had lower odds of prevalent metabolic syndrome [(] odds ratio=0.62 ; 95 % confidence interval [(] ci )=0.45 - 0.84 ) , smaller waist circumference , higher high - density lipoprotein and lower fasting plasma glucose compared with participants in the lowest tertile of 25ohd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 after
3 after 5 adjustment
4 multivariate 5 adjustment
6 , 23 ratio=0.62
6 , 24 ;
7 participants 8 in
7 participants 12 of
7 participants 14 had
8 in 11 tertile
9 the 10 highest
9 the 11 tertile
12 of 13 25ohd
14 had 16 odds
14 had 23 ratio=0.62
15 lower 16 odds
16 odds 17 of
17 of 22 odds
18 prevalent 20 syndrome
19 metabolic 20 syndrome
20 syndrome 22 odds
24 ; 38 circumference
24 ; 39 ,
25 95 38 circumference
26 % 27 confidence
27 confidence 28 interval
28 interval 38 circumference
30 ci 38 circumference
31 )=0.45 33 0.84
31 )=0.45 35 ,
31 )=0.45 37 waist
32 - 33 0.84
33 0.84 34 )
36 smaller 37 waist
37 waist 38 circumference
39 , 41 high
39 , 42 -
40 higher 41 high
42 - 45 and
43 density 44 lipoprotein
44 lipoprotein 45 and
45 and 49 glucose
45 and 50 compared
45 and 53 in
46 lower 48 plasma
47 fasting 48 plasma
48 plasma 49 glucose
50 compared 51 with
51 with 52 participants
53 in 56 tertile
54 the 55 lowest
54 the 56 tertile
56 tertile 57 of
57 of 58 25ohd

higher plasma 25ohd concentration was associated with greater insulin sensitivity and lower insulin secretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 25ohd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 higher 2 plasma
2 plasma 3 25ohd
3 25ohd 4 concentration
3 25ohd 5 was
3 25ohd 6 associated
4 concentration 5 was
6 associated 7 with
7 with 14 secretion
8 greater 9 insulin
9 insulin 14 secretion
10 sensitivity 11 and
11 and 12 lower
11 and 13 insulin
13 insulin 14 secretion

after multivariate adjustment , there was a nonsignificant lower risk of [metabolic] [syndrome] in the highest tertile of 25ohd ( hazard ratio=0.79 ; 95 % ci=0.48 - 1.32 ) compared with the lowest tertile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 tertile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 after 3 adjustment
1 after 4 ,
1 after 5 there
2 multivariate 3 adjustment
5 there 6 was
6 was 10 risk
7 a 10 risk
8 nonsignificant 10 risk
9 lower 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
10 risk 18 of
10 risk 22 ratio=0.79
11 of 14 in
14 in 17 tertile
15 the 16 highest
15 the 17 tertile
18 of 19 25ohd
20 ( 22 ratio=0.79
21 hazard 22 ratio=0.79
22 ratio=0.79 23 ;
23 ; 25 %
24 95 25 %
25 % 26 ci=0.48
25 % 30 compared
25 % 34 tertile
26 ci=0.48 28 1.32
26 ci=0.48 30 compared
27 - 28 1.32
28 1.32 29 )
30 compared 31 with
31 with 33 lowest
32 the 33 lowest

conclusions : in a population at increased risk for diabetes , higher plasma 25ohd concentration was inversely associated with [prevalent] metabolic [syndrome] and [nonsignificantly] [with] incident metabolic syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 6 at
3 in 5 population
4 a 5 population
6 at 8 risk
7 increased 8 risk
8 risk 9 for
9 for 10 diabetes
11 , 14 25ohd
11 , 18 associated
12 higher 14 25ohd
13 plasma 14 25ohd
14 25ohd 15 concentration
14 25ohd 16 was
14 25ohd 18 associated
15 concentration 16 was
17 inversely 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 23 and
21 metabolic 23 and
23 and 28 syndrome
23 and 29 .
26 incident 28 syndrome
27 metabolic 28 syndrome

the closing of hospitals has exacerbated challenges for older adults in accessing healthcare , especially [those] living in economically underserved settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 closing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exacerbated
1 the 2 closing
2 closing 3 of
2 closing 5 has
3 of 4 hospitals
5 has 6 exacerbated
6 exacerbated 7 challenges
6 exacerbated 8 for
6 exacerbated 11 in
8 for 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 in 12 accessing
12 accessing 13 healthcare
13 healthcare 17 living
14 , 17 living
15 especially 17 living
17 living 18 in
17 living 22 .
18 in 21 settings
19 economically 20 underserved
20 underserved 21 settings

through focus groups and a community - engaged approach , our study examined and documented the emergent health needs of older adults following the closing of a local hospital in an economically disadvantaged community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 through 2 focus
2 focus 3 groups
3 groups 4 and
4 and 6 community
5 a 6 community
7 - 9 approach
7 - 10 ,
8 engaged 9 approach
10 , 12 study
10 , 14 and
11 our 12 study
12 study 14 and
13 examined 14 and
14 and 15 documented
14 and 19 needs
16 the 19 needs
17 emergent 18 health
18 health 19 needs
19 needs 20 of
20 of 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 following
22 adults 30 in
23 following 25 closing
24 the 25 closing
25 closing 26 of
26 of 29 hospital
27 a 29 hospital
28 local 29 hospital
30 in 34 community
31 an 32 economically
31 an 34 community
32 economically 33 disadvantaged
33 disadvantaged 34 community

focus groups were reconvened to assess progress and health needs over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reconvened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 focus 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 4 reconvened
4 reconvened 5 to
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 7 progress
8 and 9 health
8 and 10 needs
9 health 10 needs
10 needs 11 over
11 over 12 time

analyses of the focus groups ( n=37 , mean age 77 , 84 % female ) illustrated the impact of the closure and the emergence of the following dominant themes : perceptions of the hospital system , including feelings of abandonment and social isolation ; transportation challenges in accessing health care resources ; [and] lack of knowledge and literacy regarding available health care and obtaining health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 68 .
1 analyses 2 of
1 analyses 5 groups
1 analyses 9 mean
1 analyses 10 age
2 of 4 focus
3 the 4 focus
5 groups 7 n=37
5 groups 9 mean
6 ( 7 n=37
7 n=37 8 ,
10 age 11 77
12 , 30 themes
12 , 31 :
13 84 14 %
14 % 30 themes
15 female 16 )
15 female 30 themes
17 illustrated 30 themes
18 the 19 impact
19 impact 20 of
19 impact 23 and
20 of 22 closure
21 the 22 closure
23 and 25 emergence
23 and 26 of
23 and 30 themes
24 the 25 emergence
26 of 29 dominant
27 the 28 following
27 the 29 dominant
31 : 42 and
31 : 45 ;
31 : 47 challenges
31 : 53 ;
32 perceptions 33 of
32 perceptions 37 ,
33 of 36 system
34 the 36 system
35 hospital 36 system
37 , 39 feelings
37 , 42 and
38 including 39 feelings
39 feelings 40 of
40 of 41 abandonment
42 and 44 isolation
43 social 44 isolation
45 ; 46 transportation
46 transportation 47 challenges
47 challenges 48 in
47 challenges 52 resources
48 in 50 health
49 accessing 50 health
51 care 52 resources
53 ; 58 and
55 lack 56 of
55 lack 58 and
56 of 57 knowledge
58 and 59 literacy
58 and 60 regarding
60 regarding 64 and
61 available 62 health
62 health 63 care
63 care 64 and
64 and 67 services
65 obtaining 67 services
66 health 67 services

discussion sessions with hospital administrators and participants afforded an opportunity for sharing data and additional assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sessions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 afforded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 discussion 2 sessions
2 sessions 3 with
2 sessions 8 afforded
3 with 6 and
4 hospital 5 administrators
5 administrators 6 and
6 and 7 participants
8 afforded 10 opportunity
9 an 10 opportunity
10 opportunity 11 for
11 for 12 sharing
12 sharing 14 and
13 data 14 and
14 and 16 assessment
15 additional 16 assessment

the data and relationships developed with community participants and health system representatives resulted in the production of an information resource about access to health services , tailored for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 and
3 and 4 relationships
3 and 5 developed
5 developed 6 with
6 with 8 participants
7 community 8 participants
9 and 12 representatives
9 and 26 ,
10 health 12 representatives
11 system 12 representatives
12 representatives 26 ,
13 resulted 14 in
13 resulted 21 about
13 resulted 23 to
13 resulted 26 ,
14 in 16 production
15 the 16 production
16 production 17 of
17 of 20 resource
18 an 19 information
18 an 20 resource
19 information 20 resource
21 about 22 access
23 to 25 services
24 health 25 services
26 , 27 tailored
26 , 28 for
28 for 30 adults
29 older 30 adults

unlabelled : vascular dementia ( vad ) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly together with alzheimer 's disease with limited treatment options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 dementia
2 : 8 is
2 : 26 .
3 vascular 4 dementia
4 dementia 6 vad
4 dementia 8 is
5 ( 6 vad
6 vad 7 )
8 is 11 cause
8 is 14 in
8 is 18 with
8 is 22 with
9 a 11 cause
10 leading 11 cause
11 cause 12 of
12 of 13 dementia
14 in 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly
17 together 18 with
18 with 21 disease
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
22 with 25 options
23 limited 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 options

poor understanding of the pathophysiology underlying vad is hindering the development of new therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 poor 2 understanding
2 understanding 3 of
2 understanding 8 is
3 of 5 pathophysiology
4 the 5 pathophysiology
5 pathophysiology 6 underlying
6 underlying 7 vad
8 is 9 hindering
9 hindering 11 development
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 of
12 of 14 therapies
13 new 14 therapies

hence , to unravel its underlying molecular pathology , an itraq - 2 d - lc - ms/ms strategy was used for quantitative analysis of pooled lysates from brodmann area 21 of pathologically confirmed cases of vad and matched [non] - neurological controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ms/ms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 pooled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 18 ms/ms
3 to 4 unravel
3 to 17 -
3 to 18 ms/ms
4 unravel 8 pathology
5 its 8 pathology
6 underlying 8 pathology
7 molecular 8 pathology
8 pathology 11 itraq
8 pathology 16 lc
9 , 11 itraq
10 an 11 itraq
11 itraq 14 d
11 itraq 15 -
12 - 14 d
13 2 14 d
14 d 15 -
15 - 16 lc
16 lc 17 -
18 ms/ms 19 strategy
18 ms/ms 25 of
18 ms/ms 26 pooled
19 strategy 20 was
20 was 21 used
21 used 22 for
22 for 24 analysis
23 quantitative 24 analysis
24 analysis 25 of
26 pooled 27 lysates
27 lysates 28 from
27 lysates 32 of
28 from 30 area
29 brodmann 30 area
30 area 31 21
32 of 38 and
33 pathologically 34 confirmed
34 confirmed 35 cases
34 confirmed 38 and
35 cases 36 of
36 of 37 vad
38 and 39 matched
41 - 43 controls
42 neurological 43 controls

a total of 144 differentially expressed proteins out of 2281 confidently identified proteins ( false discovery rate=0.3 [%] ) were shortlisted for bioinformatics analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 expressed
3 of 4 144
5 differentially 6 expressed
6 expressed 7 proteins
6 expressed 9 of
8 out 9 of
9 of 10 2281
10 2281 12 identified
10 2281 13 proteins
10 2281 20 were
10 2281 21 shortlisted
11 confidently 12 identified
13 proteins 17 rate=0.3
13 proteins 20 were
14 ( 17 rate=0.3
15 false 17 rate=0.3
16 discovery 17 rate=0.3
17 rate=0.3 19 )
21 shortlisted 22 for
22 for 24 analysis
23 bioinformatics 24 analysis

western blot analysis of selected proteins using samples from individual patients ( n=10 per group ) showed statistically significant increases in the abundance of sod1 and ncam and reduced atp5a in vad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 western 2 blot
2 blot 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 7 using
3 analysis 13 n=10
3 analysis 28 and
4 of 6 proteins
5 selected 6 proteins
7 using 8 samples
8 samples 9 from
9 from 11 patients
10 individual 11 patients
12 ( 13 n=10
13 n=10 14 per
13 n=10 16 )
14 per 15 group
17 showed 20 increases
17 showed 21 in
17 showed 28 and
18 statistically 19 significant
19 significant 20 increases
21 in 23 abundance
22 the 23 abundance
23 abundance 24 of
24 of 27 ncam
25 sod1 26 and
26 and 27 ncam
28 and 29 reduced
29 reduced 30 atp5a
30 atp5a 31 in
31 in 32 vad

this suggested a state of hypometabolism and vascular insufficiency along with an inflammatory condition during vad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 suggested
2 suggested 4 state
2 suggested 11 with
2 suggested 15 during
3 a 4 state
4 state 5 of
5 of 7 and
6 hypometabolism 7 and
7 and 9 insufficiency
8 vascular 9 insufficiency
10 along 11 with
11 with 14 condition
12 an 13 inflammatory
12 an 14 condition
13 inflammatory 14 condition
15 during 16 vad

elevation of sod1 and increasing trend for iron - storage proteins ( ftl , fth1 ) may be [indicative] of an oxidative imbalance that is accompanied by an aberrant iron metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 storage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 elevation 10 storage
2 of 4 and
2 of 10 storage
3 sod1 4 and
4 and 6 trend
5 increasing 6 trend
7 for 8 iron
7 for 9 -
7 for 10 storage
10 storage 11 proteins
10 storage 18 be
10 storage 20 of
10 storage 26 accompanied
11 proteins 13 ftl
11 proteins 17 may
12 ( 13 ftl
13 ftl 15 fth1
13 ftl 16 )
14 , 15 fth1
15 fth1 16 )
17 may 18 be
20 of 23 imbalance
21 an 23 imbalance
22 oxidative 23 imbalance
24 that 25 is
25 is 26 accompanied
26 accompanied 27 by
26 accompanied 31 metabolism
27 by 30 iron
28 an 29 aberrant
28 an 30 iron
29 aberrant 30 iron

the synaptic proteins did not exhibit a generalized decrease in abundance ( e.g [.] syntaxin ) in the vad subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 proteins
2 synaptic 3 proteins
3 proteins 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 exhibit
6 exhibit 9 decrease
6 exhibit 10 in
6 exhibit 17 in
7 a 9 decrease
8 generalized 9 decrease
10 in 11 abundance
11 abundance 15 syntaxin
12 ( 15 syntaxin
13 e.g 15 syntaxin
15 syntaxin 16 )
17 in 20 subjects
18 the 20 subjects
19 vad 20 subjects

this reported proteome offers a reference data set for future basic or translational studies on vad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 reported
2 reported 3 proteome
2 reported 4 offers
3 proteome 4 offers
4 offers 6 reference
4 offers 8 set
4 offers 15 on
5 a 6 reference
7 data 8 set
8 set 9 for
9 for 14 studies
10 future 14 studies
11 basic 12 or
12 or 13 translational
12 or 14 studies
15 on 16 vad

biological significance : our study is the first quantitative clinical proteomic study where itraq - 2 d - lc - ms/ms strategy has been used to identify the differential proteome in the vad cortex by comparing vad and matched control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 biological 2 significance
3 : 5 study
3 : 6 is
4 our 5 study
5 study 6 is
6 is 12 study
6 is 13 where
6 is 26 to
7 the 12 study
8 first 9 quantitative
9 quantitative 12 study
10 clinical 12 study
11 proteomic 12 study
13 where 22 strategy
13 where 24 been
14 itraq 18 -
14 itraq 22 strategy
15 - 18 -
16 2 17 d
17 d 18 -
18 - 19 lc
18 - 20 -
21 ms/ms 22 strategy
22 strategy 23 has
23 has 24 been
24 been 25 used
26 to 38 and
27 identify 29 differential
27 identify 38 and
28 the 29 differential
29 differential 30 proteome
30 proteome 31 in
30 proteome 35 by
31 in 34 cortex
32 the 34 cortex
33 vad 34 cortex
35 by 36 comparing
36 comparing 37 vad
38 and 39 matched
39 matched 41 subjects
40 control 41 subjects

we generate testable hypothesis about the involvement of various proteins in the vascular and parenchymal events during the evolution of vad that finally leads to malfunction and demise of brain cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 generate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 generate
2 generate 14 and
2 generate 17 during
2 generate 25 to
3 testable 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 about
4 hypothesis 8 of
4 hypothesis 14 and
5 about 7 involvement
6 the 7 involvement
8 of 10 proteins
9 various 10 proteins
10 proteins 11 in
11 in 13 vascular
12 the 13 vascular
14 and 16 events
15 parenchymal 16 events
17 during 19 evolution
18 the 19 evolution
19 evolution 20 of
20 of 21 vad
21 vad 22 that
21 vad 24 leads
22 that 24 leads
23 finally 24 leads
25 to 27 and
26 malfunction 27 and
27 and 28 demise
27 and 29 of
29 of 31 cells
30 brain 31 cells

this study also establishes quantitative proteomics as a complementary approach and viable alternative to existing neurochemical , electron microscopic and neuroimaging techniques that are traditionally being used to understand the molecular pathology of vad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 4 establishes
3 also 4 establishes
4 establishes 6 proteomics
4 establishes 7 as
5 quantitative 6 proteomics
7 as 11 and
8 a 10 approach
9 complementary 10 approach
10 approach 11 and
11 and 13 alternative
11 and 14 to
11 and 26 being
12 viable 13 alternative
14 to 15 existing
15 existing 22 techniques
16 neurochemical 17 ,
16 neurochemical 18 electron
18 electron 22 techniques
19 microscopic 20 and
20 and 21 neuroimaging
20 and 22 techniques
22 techniques 23 that
22 techniques 24 are
23 that 24 are
25 traditionally 26 being
26 being 27 used
27 used 28 to
28 to 29 understand
29 understand 32 pathology
30 the 32 pathology
31 molecular 32 pathology
32 pathology 33 of
33 of 34 vad

our study could inspire fellow researchers to initiate similar retrospective studies targeting various ethnicities , age - groups or sub - types of vad using brain samples available from brain banks across the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inspire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 could
3 could 4 inspire
4 inspire 6 researchers
4 inspire 7 to
5 fellow 6 researchers
7 to 8 initiate
8 initiate 11 studies
9 similar 11 studies
10 retrospective 11 studies
11 studies 12 targeting
12 targeting 14 ethnicities
13 various 14 ethnicities
14 ethnicities 16 age
15 , 16 age
16 age 17 -
17 - 19 or
17 - 21 -
17 - 35 .
18 groups 19 or
19 or 20 sub
21 - 24 vad
22 types 23 of
22 types 24 vad
23 of 24 vad
24 vad 25 using
24 vad 28 available
25 using 27 samples
26 brain 27 samples
28 available 29 from
29 from 31 banks
30 brain 31 banks
31 banks 32 across
32 across 34 world
33 the 34 world

meta - analysis of these studies in the future may be able to shortlist candidate proteins or pathways for rationale exploration of therapeutic targets or biomarkers for vad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 meta 2 -
1 meta 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 10 may
4 of 6 studies
5 these 6 studies
6 studies 7 in
7 in 9 future
8 the 9 future
10 may 25 or
11 be 12 able
11 be 25 or
12 able 13 to
12 able 14 shortlist
13 to 14 shortlist
14 shortlist 17 or
15 candidate 16 proteins
16 proteins 17 or
17 or 18 pathways
17 or 19 for
17 or 22 of
19 for 21 exploration
20 rationale 21 exploration
22 of 24 targets
23 therapeutic 24 targets
25 or 26 biomarkers
26 biomarkers 27 for
27 for 28 vad

we enrolled 1772 subjects who underwent pulmonary function test [before] preoperative examination in our study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 enrolled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 enrolled
2 enrolled 4 subjects
3 1772 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 who
4 subjects 6 underwent
5 who 6 underwent
6 underwent 12 examination
6 underwent 13 in
7 pulmonary 8 function
8 function 12 examination
9 test 12 examination
11 preoperative 12 examination
13 in 15 study
14 our 15 study

pre - bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second ( fev1 ) , vital capacity ( vc ) and forced vital capacity ( fvc ) were measured as primary data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 pre 6 volume
1 pre 19 and
2 - 6 volume
3 bronchodilator 4 forced
4 forced 6 volume
5 expiratory 6 volume
6 volume 7 in
6 volume 18 )
7 in 9 second
8 one 9 second
9 second 11 fev1
9 second 15 capacity
10 ( 11 fev1
11 fev1 12 )
13 , 15 capacity
14 vital 15 capacity
15 capacity 17 vc
15 capacity 18 )
16 ( 17 vc
17 vc 18 )
19 and 22 capacity
19 and 24 fvc
19 and 26 were
20 forced 22 capacity
21 vital 22 capacity
23 ( 24 fvc
24 fvc 25 )
26 were 27 measured
27 measured 28 as
28 as 30 data
29 primary 30 data

according to the numerical relationship between vcmax and fvc , two groups were divided : vcmax>fvc and vcmax=fvc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 according 2 to
2 to 5 relationship
2 to 10 ,
2 to 12 groups
3 the 5 relationship
4 numerical 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 vcmax 8 and
8 and 9 fvc
11 two 12 groups
12 groups 13 were
13 were 14 divided
15 : 18 vcmax=fvc
15 : 19 .
16 vcmax>fvc 17 and
17 and 18 vcmax=fvc

age , gender , height , weight , bmi and fev1/fvc , fev1%pred , fev1/vcmax were compared between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 gender
2 , 4 ,
4 , 5 height
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 weight
6 , 8 ,
8 , 9 bmi
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 fev1/fvc
12 , 15 fev1/vcmax
12 , 17 compared
13 fev1%pred 14 ,
13 fev1%pred 15 fev1/vcmax
15 fev1/vcmax 16 were
16 were 17 compared
17 compared 18 between
18 between 21 groups
19 the 20 two
20 two 21 groups

using multivariate logistic regression , factors related to classification of vcmax=fvc or vcmax>fvc were estimated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 using 4 regression
1 using 5 ,
1 using 6 factors
2 multivariate 4 regression
3 logistic 4 regression
6 factors 7 related
6 factors 8 to
6 factors 14 were
8 to 9 classification
9 classification 10 of
10 of 12 or
11 vcmax=fvc 12 or
12 or 13 vcmax>fvc
14 were 15 estimated

of the 1772 spirometric results analyzed , 614 ( 34.65 % ) with vcmax=fvc [and] 1158 ( 65.35 % ) [with] vcmax>fvc were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 vcmax>fvc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 of 5 results
1 of 22 vcmax>fvc
2 the 3 1772
3 1772 5 results
4 spirometric 5 results
5 results 6 analyzed
5 results 8 614
7 , 8 614
8 614 11 %
8 614 12 )
9 ( 11 %
10 34.65 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 with 14 vcmax=fvc
13 with 22 vcmax>fvc
14 vcmax=fvc 16 1158
14 vcmax=fvc 19 %
17 ( 19 %
18 65.35 19 %
19 % 20 )
22 vcmax>fvc 23 were
23 were 24 identified

compared to vcmax=fvc group , subjects in vcmax>fvc group [have] older age ( 95%ci [ 1.50 , 3.99 ] , p<0.001 ) , lower fev1%pred ( 95%ci [ - 12.22 , - 8.07 ] , p<0.001 ) and lower fev1/vcmax ( 95%ci [ - 0.07 , - 0.05 ] , p<0.001 ) , parameters such as height , weight , bmi , fev1/fvc showed no statistical significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 68 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 38 and
1 compared 54 parameters
1 compared 56 as
1 compared 58 ,
2 to 3 vcmax=fvc
4 group 5 ,
5 , 6 subjects
5 , 38 and
6 subjects 7 in
7 in 12 age
8 vcmax>fvc 9 group
9 group 12 age
11 older 12 age
12 age 25 fev1%pred
13 ( 25 fev1%pred
14 95%ci 16 1.50
14 95%ci 23 ,
14 95%ci 25 fev1%pred
15 [ 16 1.50
16 1.50 18 3.99
16 1.50 21 p<0.001
16 1.50 23 ,
17 , 18 3.99
18 3.99 19 ]
20 , 21 p<0.001
21 p<0.001 22 )
24 lower 25 fev1%pred
25 fev1%pred 27 95%ci
25 fev1%pred 36 p<0.001
25 fev1%pred 37 )
26 ( 27 95%ci
27 95%ci 30 12.22
27 95%ci 33 8.07
27 95%ci 35 ,
28 [ 30 12.22
29 - 30 12.22
30 12.22 31 ,
31 , 33 8.07
32 - 33 8.07
33 8.07 34 ]
35 , 36 p<0.001
36 p<0.001 37 )
38 and 39 lower
40 fev1/vcmax 42 95%ci
40 fev1/vcmax 54 parameters
41 ( 42 95%ci
42 95%ci 45 0.07
42 95%ci 48 0.05
42 95%ci 51 p<0.001
42 95%ci 53 ,
43 [ 45 0.07
44 - 45 0.07
45 0.07 46 ,
46 , 48 0.05
47 - 48 0.05
48 0.05 49 ]
50 , 51 p<0.001
51 p<0.001 52 )
55 such 56 as
56 as 57 height
58 , 59 weight
60 , 61 bmi
60 , 62 ,
62 , 63 fev1/fvc
62 , 64 showed
63 fev1/fvc 64 showed
64 showed 67 significance
65 no 67 significance
66 statistical 67 significance

we made a conclusion that people with older age and lower fev1%pred tend to have a smaller fvc than vc in pre - bronchdilator spirometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 made
2 made 4 conclusion
3 a 4 conclusion
4 conclusion 5 that
5 that 10 and
5 that 13 tend
6 people 7 with
6 people 10 and
7 with 9 age
8 older 9 age
10 and 12 fev1%pred
10 and 13 tend
11 lower 12 fev1%pred
13 tend 14 to
13 tend 15 have
14 to 15 have
15 have 18 fvc
15 have 19 than
15 have 21 in
16 a 18 fvc
17 smaller 18 fvc
19 than 20 vc
21 in 25 spirometry
22 pre 23 -
22 pre 24 bronchdilator
24 bronchdilator 25 spirometry

background : the aim of this study was to determine whether [eyebrow] and eyelash whitening is an effective parameter in age estimation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 16 is
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 15 whitening
4 aim 16 is
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 13 and
10 determine 15 whitening
11 whether 13 and
13 and 14 eyelash
13 and 15 whitening
16 is 19 parameter
16 is 20 in
17 an 18 effective
17 an 19 parameter
18 effective 19 parameter
20 in 22 estimation
21 age 22 estimation

material and methods : we evaluated 1545 patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 evaluated
4 : 9 .
5 we 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 8 patients
7 1545 8 patients

level of whitening was categorized as level 0 : no whitening , level 1 : 1 - 3 strands , level 2 : 3 - 10 strands , level 3 : 10 strands - 2/3 whitening , level 4 : >3/4 whitening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 level 2 of
1 level 4 was
2 of 3 whitening
4 was 5 categorized
5 categorized 6 as
6 as 7 level
7 level 8 0
9 : 13 level
9 : 15 :
9 : 23 :
9 : 31 :
10 no 13 level
11 whitening 12 ,
11 whitening 13 level
13 level 14 1
13 level 15 :
15 : 19 strands
16 1 17 -
17 - 18 3
17 - 19 strands
19 strands 21 level
20 , 21 level
21 level 22 2
21 level 23 :
23 : 24 3
24 3 27 strands
25 - 27 strands
26 10 27 strands
27 strands 29 level
27 strands 31 :
28 , 29 level
29 level 30 3
29 level 31 :
31 : 33 strands
31 : 38 level
31 : 40 :
31 : 41 >3/4
31 : 43 .
32 10 33 strands
33 strands 35 2/3
33 strands 38 level
34 - 35 2/3
35 2/3 36 whitening
35 2/3 37 ,
38 level 39 4
40 : 41 >3/4
41 >3/4 42 whitening

results : mean age was 42.39 ± 20.01 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mean
3 mean 4 age
3 mean 5 was
4 age 5 was
5 was 7 ±
6 42.39 7 ±
7 ± 8 20.01

while there was no eyebrow whitening in 87 % of the subjects , level 4 whitening of eyebrows was observed in 0,8 % of the subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 while 2 there
1 while 3 was
1 while 13 ,
1 while 14 level
2 there 3 was
3 was 6 whitening
4 no 6 whitening
5 eyebrow 6 whitening
6 whitening 7 in
6 whitening 10 of
7 in 9 %
8 87 9 %
10 of 12 subjects
11 the 12 subjects
14 level 15 4
14 level 16 whitening
14 level 17 of
14 level 19 was
17 of 18 eyebrows
19 was 20 observed
20 observed 21 in
21 in 23 %
22 0,8 23 %
23 % 24 of
24 of 26 subjects
25 the 26 subjects

there was no eyelash whitening in 97,7 % of the subjects and no level 4 eyelash whitening was detected in any subject . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 eyelash
3 no 4 eyelash
4 eyelash 5 whitening
4 eyelash 6 in
4 eyelash 9 of
6 in 8 %
7 97,7 8 %
9 of 11 subjects
10 the 11 subjects
12 and 16 eyelash
12 and 19 detected
13 no 16 eyelash
14 level 16 eyelash
15 4 16 eyelash
16 eyelash 17 whitening
16 eyelash 18 was
18 was 19 detected
19 detected 20 in
19 detected 22 subject
20 in 21 any

men had significantly more level 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 eyebrow whitening compared with women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 men 2 had
2 had 4 more
2 had 5 level
3 significantly 4 more
5 level 6 1
7 , 8 2
7 , 9 ,
9 , 10 3
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 whitening
12 and 16 compared
13 4 15 whitening
14 eyebrow 15 whitening
15 whitening 16 compared
16 compared 17 with
17 with 18 women

there was no gender difference in terms of eyelash whitening level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 gender 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
5 difference 8 of
6 in 7 terms
8 of 11 level
9 eyelash 10 whitening
10 whitening 11 level

there was no eyebrow and eyelash whitening in subjects age 1 - 40 years ; whitening began in the 41 - 50 years age group and increased with age in other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 and
3 no 4 eyebrow
4 eyebrow 5 and
5 and 6 eyelash
5 and 7 whitening
7 whitening 8 in
8 in 10 age
9 subjects 10 age
10 age 11 1
10 age 14 years
12 - 14 years
13 40 14 years
14 years 15 ;
15 ; 16 whitening
15 ; 17 began
15 ; 21 -
16 whitening 17 began
17 began 18 in
18 in 20 41
19 the 20 41
21 - 22 50
21 - 26 and
22 50 23 years
22 50 24 age
22 50 26 and
23 years 24 age
25 group 26 and
26 and 27 increased
27 increased 28 with
27 increased 30 in
28 with 29 age
30 in 32 groups
31 other 32 groups

mean age was 39.59 ± 19.63 years in subjects with no eyebrow whitening ; 59 years in level 1 , 61 years in level 2 , 63 years in level 3 , and 69 years in level 4 eyebrow whitening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 mean 2 age
1 mean 3 was
2 age 3 was
3 was 7 years
3 was 8 in
4 39.59 7 years
5 ± 7 years
6 19.63 7 years
8 in 9 subjects
9 subjects 10 with
9 subjects 13 whitening
10 with 12 eyebrow
11 no 12 eyebrow
14 ; 33 and
15 59 16 years
16 years 17 in
16 years 20 ,
17 in 18 level
18 level 19 1
20 , 22 years
20 , 33 and
21 61 22 years
22 years 23 in
23 in 24 level
24 level 25 2
24 level 28 years
26 , 28 years
27 63 28 years
28 years 29 in
28 years 32 ,
29 in 30 level
30 level 31 3
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 years
33 and 36 in
34 69 35 years
36 in 40 whitening
37 level 39 eyebrow
38 4 39 eyebrow
39 eyebrow 40 whitening

mean age was 41.85 ± 19.87 in subjects with no eyelash whitening ; and 63.57 ± 10.75 in those with whitening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 mean 2 age
2 age 3 was
3 was 8 subjects
4 41.85 8 subjects
5 ± 8 subjects
6 19.87 7 in
7 in 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 with
8 subjects 12 whitening
9 with 11 eyelash
10 no 11 eyelash
13 ; 14 and
14 and 15 63.57
14 and 16 ±
15 63.57 16 ±
16 ± 17 10.75
17 10.75 18 in
18 in 19 those
19 those 20 with
20 with 21 whitening

conclusions : particularly after 41 - 50 years of age , level [of] eyebrow and eyelash whitening may be among a useful age estimation parameter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 particularly
2 : 4 after
2 : 20 among
4 after 8 years
5 41 6 -
6 - 7 50
6 - 8 years
8 years 9 of
8 years 17 whitening
8 years 19 be
9 of 15 and
10 age 11 ,
11 , 14 eyebrow
11 , 15 and
12 level 14 eyebrow
15 and 16 eyelash
17 whitening 18 may
18 may 19 be
20 among 25 parameter
21 a 25 parameter
22 useful 23 age
23 age 25 parameter
24 estimation 25 parameter

objective : this study aims to evaluate associations between variations in genes involved in the metabolism of environmental chemicals and steroid hormones and risk of [menopause] in smokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 aims
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aims
5 aims 6 to
5 aims 14 in
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 8 associations
7 evaluate 9 between
7 evaluate 11 in
9 between 10 variations
11 in 12 genes
12 genes 13 involved
14 in 16 metabolism
15 the 16 metabolism
16 metabolism 17 of
16 metabolism 25 of
17 of 23 and
18 environmental 19 chemicals
19 chemicals 20 and
20 and 22 hormones
20 and 23 and
21 steroid 22 hormones
23 and 24 risk
25 of 27 in
27 in 28 smokers

methods : survival analysis was performed on 410 eligible participants from the penn ovarian aging study ( ongoing for 14 years ) , a cohort study of late - reproductive - age women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 survival
3 survival 4 analysis
3 survival 5 was
3 survival 6 performed
4 analysis 5 was
6 performed 7 on
7 on 10 participants
8 410 10 participants
9 eligible 10 participants
10 participants 11 from
11 from 16 study
12 the 16 study
13 penn 14 ovarian
14 ovarian 15 aging
15 aging 16 study
16 study 18 ongoing
16 study 26 study
17 ( 18 ongoing
18 ongoing 19 for
18 ongoing 22 )
19 for 21 years
20 14 21 years
23 , 26 study
24 a 26 study
25 cohort 26 study
26 study 27 of
26 study 34 .
27 of 33 women
28 late 29 -
28 late 32 age
30 reproductive 31 -
30 reproductive 32 age
32 age 33 women

single nucleotide polymorphisms at the following loci were studied : comt val158met , cyp1b1*4 asn452ser , cyp1b1*3 leu432val , and cyp3a4*1b . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 polymorphisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 single 2 nucleotide
2 nucleotide 3 polymorphisms
3 polymorphisms 4 at
3 polymorphisms 8 were
4 at 7 loci
5 the 6 following
5 the 7 loci
8 were 9 studied
10 : 20 and
10 : 22 .
11 comt 12 val158met
12 val158met 13 ,
13 , 15 asn452ser
13 , 16 ,
14 cyp1b1*4 15 asn452ser
16 , 18 leu432val
16 , 20 and
17 cyp1b1*3 18 leu432val
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 cyp3a4*1b

results : significant interactions between smoking and single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in european - american carriers of cyp3a4*1b and cyp1b1*3 , supporting a greater risk of menopause entry compared with those not carrying these alleles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 14 european
2 : 15 -
3 significant 4 interactions
4 interactions 5 between
4 interactions 7 and
5 between 6 smoking
7 and 9 nucleotide
7 and 10 polymorphisms
7 and 13 in
7 and 14 european
8 single 9 nucleotide
10 polymorphisms 11 were
11 were 12 observed
12 observed 13 in
15 - 20 and
15 - 22 ,
16 american 17 carriers
17 carriers 18 of
17 carriers 20 and
18 of 19 cyp3a4*1b
20 and 21 cyp1b1*3
22 , 23 supporting
22 , 30 compared
23 supporting 26 risk
23 supporting 30 compared
24 a 26 risk
25 greater 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
27 of 29 entry
28 menopause 29 entry
30 compared 31 with
31 with 32 those
31 with 33 not
31 with 34 carrying
34 carrying 36 alleles
35 these 36 alleles

among cyp1b1*3 carriers , smokers had a greater risk of menopause entry than nonsmokers ( adjusted hazard [ratio] [ hr ] , 2.26 ; 95 % ci , 1.4 - 3.67 [;] median time to menopause [,] 10.42 and 11.07 [y] , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 smokers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 among 3 carriers
1 among 4 ,
1 among 5 smokers
2 cyp1b1*3 3 carriers
5 smokers 6 had
6 had 9 risk
6 had 13 than
7 a 9 risk
8 greater 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 12 entry
11 menopause 12 entry
13 than 14 nonsmokers
14 nonsmokers 17 hazard
15 ( 17 hazard
16 adjusted 17 hazard
17 hazard 20 hr
17 hazard 21 ]
19 [ 20 hr
20 hr 21 ]
22 , 23 2.26
22 , 24 ;
24 ; 27 ci
24 ; 28 ,
25 95 27 ci
26 % 27 ci
28 , 29 1.4
28 , 30 -
30 - 31 3.67
31 3.67 33 median
33 median 34 time
33 median 35 to
33 median 43 respectively
35 to 36 menopause
36 menopause 39 and
38 10.42 39 and
39 and 40 11.07
42 , 43 respectively
43 respectively 44 )

no association between smoking and menopause [was] identified in cyp1b1 wild types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 types
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 no 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 12 types
3 between 5 and
4 smoking 5 and
5 and 6 menopause
5 and 8 identified
8 identified 9 in
8 identified 11 wild
9 in 10 cyp1b1

among cyp3a4*1b carriers , smokers were at greater risk for menopause entry than nonsmokers ( adjusted hr , 15.1 ; 95 % ci , 3.31 - 69.2 [;] median time to menopause [,] 11.36 and 13.91 [y] , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 smokers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 among 3 carriers
1 among 4 ,
1 among 5 smokers
2 cyp3a4*1b 3 carriers
5 smokers 6 were
6 were 7 at
6 were 13 than
7 at 9 risk
8 greater 9 risk
9 risk 10 for
10 for 12 entry
11 menopause 12 entry
13 than 14 nonsmokers
14 nonsmokers 17 hr
15 ( 17 hr
16 adjusted 17 hr
17 hr 18 ,
18 , 19 15.1
18 , 20 ;
20 ; 23 ci
20 ; 24 ,
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
24 , 25 3.31
24 , 26 -
26 - 27 69.2
27 69.2 29 median
29 median 30 time
29 median 31 to
29 median 39 respectively
31 to 32 menopause
32 menopause 35 and
34 11.36 35 and
35 and 36 13.91
38 , 39 respectively
39 respectively 40 )

risk of menopause entry in cyp3a4 [wild] types who smoked was far lower ( adjusted [hr] , 1.59 ; 95 % ci , 1.03 - 2.44 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 )(
1 risk 2 of
1 risk 5 in
1 risk 11 was
2 of 4 entry
3 menopause 4 entry
5 in 8 types
6 cyp3a4 8 types
8 types 9 who
8 types 10 smoked
9 who 10 smoked
11 was 12 far
11 was 13 lower
13 lower 15 adjusted
14 ( 15 adjusted
15 adjusted 17 ,
17 , 18 1.59
17 , 19 ;
19 ; 22 ci
19 ; 23 ,
20 95 22 ci
21 % 22 ci
23 , 24 1.03
23 , 25 -
24 1.03 25 -
25 - 26 2.44

heavily smoking cyp1b1*3 carriers [(] adjusted hr , 3.0 ; 95 % ci , 1.54 - 5.84 ; median time to menopause , 10.41 [y] ) and heavily smoking cyp3a4*1b carriers ( adjusted hr , 17.79 [;] 95 % ci , 3.21 - 98.65 [;] median time to menopause , 5.09 [y] [ )( the greatest risk of menopause entry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 smoking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 heavily 2 smoking
2 smoking 4 carriers
2 smoking 6 adjusted
3 cyp1b1*3 4 carriers
6 adjusted 7 hr
8 , 9 3.0
8 , 10 ;
10 ; 13 ci
10 ; 14 ,
11 95 13 ci
12 % 13 ci
14 , 15 1.54
14 , 16 -
14 , 18 ;
15 1.54 16 -
16 - 17 5.84
18 ; 27 and
19 median 20 time
20 time 21 to
20 time 27 and
21 to 22 menopause
22 menopause 24 10.41
23 , 24 10.41
24 10.41 26 )
27 and 31 carriers
27 and 33 adjusted
28 heavily 29 smoking
29 smoking 31 carriers
30 cyp3a4*1b 31 carriers
32 ( 33 adjusted
33 adjusted 43 -
34 hr 40 ci
35 , 40 ci
36 17.79 40 ci
38 95 40 ci
39 % 40 ci
40 ci 41 ,
41 , 43 -
42 3.21 43 -
43 - 47 time
44 98.65 46 median
46 median 47 time
47 time 48 to
48 to 49 menopause
49 menopause 51 5.09
50 , 51 5.09
51 5.09 56 greatest
51 5.09 57 risk
51 5.09 58 of
51 5.09 61 .
55 the 56 greatest
56 greatest 57 risk
58 of 60 entry
59 menopause 60 entry

conclusions : our finding that the risk of menopause entry in european [-] american smokers varies depending on [genetic] [background] represents a novel gene - environment interaction in reproductive aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 finding
2 : 21 represents
2 : 25 -
2 : 31 .
3 our 4 finding
4 finding 5 that
4 finding 18 on
4 finding 21 represents
5 that 7 risk
5 that 16 varies
6 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
7 risk 16 varies
8 of 10 entry
9 menopause 10 entry
10 entry 11 in
11 in 15 smokers
12 european 15 smokers
14 american 15 smokers
16 varies 17 depending
16 varies 18 on
21 represents 24 gene
22 a 24 gene
23 novel 24 gene
25 - 27 interaction
26 environment 27 interaction
27 interaction 28 in
28 in 30 aging
29 reproductive 30 aging

current pathogenic theories for alzheimer disease ( ad ) and aging favor the notion that lesions and their constituent proteins are the initiators of disease due to toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 favor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 current 3 theories
2 pathogenic 3 theories
3 theories 4 for
3 theories 10 and
4 for 6 disease
5 alzheimer 6 disease
6 disease 8 ad
7 ( 8 ad
8 ad 9 )
10 and 11 aging
10 and 12 favor
12 favor 14 notion
12 favor 27 to
13 the 14 notion
14 notion 15 that
15 that 17 and
15 that 21 are
16 lesions 17 and
17 and 20 proteins
17 and 21 are
18 their 20 proteins
19 constituent 20 proteins
21 are 23 initiators
22 the 23 initiators
23 initiators 24 of
24 of 25 disease
26 due 27 to
27 to 28 toxicity

whether this is because structural pathology is traditionally viewed as deleterious , and whether this , in turn , is a fundamental misinterpretation of the relationship between pathology and pathogenesis across the spectrum of chronic diseases , remains to be determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 whether 2 this
1 whether 3 is
1 whether 15 this
2 this 3 is
3 is 4 because
4 because 6 pathology
4 because 9 viewed
5 structural 6 pathology
6 pathology 7 is
7 is 9 viewed
8 traditionally 9 viewed
9 viewed 10 as
10 as 13 and
11 deleterious 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 whether
15 this 20 is
16 , 18 turn
17 in 18 turn
18 turn 19 ,
18 turn 20 is
20 is 29 and
21 a 23 misinterpretation
22 fundamental 23 misinterpretation
23 misinterpretation 24 of
23 misinterpretation 27 between
23 misinterpretation 29 and
24 of 26 relationship
25 the 26 relationship
27 between 28 pathology
29 and 30 pathogenesis
30 pathogenesis 31 across
31 across 33 spectrum
32 the 33 spectrum
33 spectrum 34 of
34 of 36 diseases
35 chronic 36 diseases
37 , 41 determined
38 remains 39 to
38 remains 40 be
38 remains 41 determined
39 to 40 be

as more and more detailed information about the biochemical constituents of ad lesions becomes available , it may also be argued that just as much knowledge of cellular physiology as pathophysiology has been gained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 argued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 as 6 information
1 as 14 becomes
1 as 16 ,
1 as 17 it
2 more 3 and
3 and 4 more
3 and 6 information
5 detailed 6 information
6 information 7 about
6 information 14 becomes
7 about 10 constituents
8 the 10 constituents
9 biochemical 10 constituents
10 constituents 11 of
11 of 13 lesions
12 ad 13 lesions
14 becomes 15 available
17 it 18 may
18 may 20 be
19 also 20 be
20 be 21 argued
21 argued 22 that
22 that 26 knowledge
22 that 34 gained
23 just 24 as
24 as 25 much
25 much 26 knowledge
26 knowledge 27 of
26 knowledge 32 has
27 of 29 physiology
28 cellular 29 physiology
29 physiology 30 as
30 as 31 pathophysiology
32 has 33 been
33 been 34 gained

indeed , essentially all major proteins in ad lesions are derived from molecular cascades , which are in turn highly conserved across cells , tissues , and species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 6 proteins
3 essentially 6 proteins
4 all 6 proteins
5 major 6 proteins
6 proteins 7 in
6 proteins 10 are
7 in 9 lesions
8 ad 9 lesions
10 are 11 derived
11 derived 12 from
12 from 14 cascades
13 molecular 14 cascades
14 cascades 16 which
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 are
16 which 24 ,
17 are 21 conserved
18 in 19 turn
19 turn 21 conserved
20 highly 21 conserved
21 conserved 22 across
22 across 23 cells
24 , 27 and
25 tissues 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 species

moreover , the lesions themselves are observed in the [cognitively] intact , and sometimes in large numbers , while major consensus criteria indicate that an extent of pathology is normal with advanced age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lesions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 lesions
3 the 4 lesions
4 lesions 6 are
5 themselves 6 are
6 are 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
8 in 11 intact
9 the 11 intact
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 sometimes
13 and 22 criteria
13 and 23 indicate
15 in 17 numbers
15 in 18 ,
15 in 22 criteria
16 large 17 numbers
19 while 21 consensus
19 while 22 criteria
20 major 21 consensus
22 criteria 23 indicate
23 indicate 24 that
24 that 26 extent
24 that 29 is
25 an 26 extent
26 extent 27 of
26 extent 29 is
27 of 28 pathology
29 is 30 normal
30 normal 31 with
31 with 33 age
32 advanced 33 age

as the medical science community continues to pursue lesion targeting for therapeutic purposes , the notion that ad pathology is indicative of an active host response or environmental adaptation , and therefore a poor target , is becoming clearer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 notion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 as 5 community
1 as 6 continues
1 as 14 ,
1 as 16 notion
2 the 5 community
3 medical 4 science
4 science 5 community
5 community 6 continues
6 continues 7 to
6 continues 8 pursue
7 to 8 pursue
8 pursue 10 targeting
9 lesion 10 targeting
10 targeting 11 for
11 for 13 purposes
12 therapeutic 13 purposes
15 the 16 notion
16 notion 17 that
16 notion 37 is
17 that 19 pathology
17 that 20 is
18 ad 19 pathology
19 pathology 20 is
20 is 31 and
21 indicative 22 of
21 indicative 27 or
22 of 26 response
23 an 24 active
23 an 26 response
24 active 25 host
25 host 26 response
27 or 29 adaptation
27 or 30 ,
27 or 31 and
28 environmental 29 adaptation
31 and 32 therefore
31 and 35 target
31 and 36 ,
33 a 34 poor
33 a 35 target
34 poor 35 target
37 is 38 becoming
38 becoming 39 clearer

as aged individuals are frequently exposed to short - term disuse caused by disease or musculoskeletal injury , it is important to understand how short - term disuse and subsequent retraining affect lower limb mechanical muscle function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 as 3 individuals
1 as 6 exposed
1 as 37 function
2 aged 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 are
4 are 5 frequently
4 are 6 exposed
6 exposed 7 to
6 exposed 21 important
7 to 11 disuse
8 short 9 -
8 short 11 disuse
10 term 11 disuse
11 disuse 12 caused
11 disuse 13 by
13 by 15 or
14 disease 15 or
15 or 17 injury
15 or 18 ,
15 or 19 it
15 or 20 is
16 musculoskeletal 17 injury
19 it 20 is
21 important 22 to
22 to 23 understand
23 understand 24 how
24 how 29 and
24 how 32 affect
25 short 26 -
25 short 28 disuse
27 term 28 disuse
28 disuse 29 and
29 and 31 retraining
29 and 32 affect
30 subsequent 31 retraining
32 affect 33 lower
32 affect 36 muscle
34 limb 36 muscle
35 mechanical 36 muscle

the purpose of the present study was , therefore , to investigate the effect of 4 days of lower limb disuse followed by 7 days of active recovery on mechanical muscle [function] of the knee extensors in young ( 24.3±0.9 years , n=11 ) and old ( 67.2±1.0 years , n=11 ) recreationally active healthy males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 45 and
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
5 present 6 study
5 present 7 was
5 present 11 to
6 study 7 was
7 was 9 therefore
8 , 9 therefore
9 therefore 10 ,
10 , 11 to
11 to 12 investigate
11 to 44 )
12 investigate 14 effect
12 investigate 23 by
12 investigate 29 on
12 investigate 37 in
13 the 14 effect
14 effect 15 of
15 of 17 days
16 4 17 days
17 days 18 of
18 of 21 disuse
19 lower 20 limb
20 limb 21 disuse
21 disuse 22 followed
23 by 25 days
24 7 25 days
25 days 26 of
26 of 28 recovery
27 active 28 recovery
29 on 31 muscle
30 mechanical 31 muscle
31 muscle 33 of
33 of 36 extensors
34 the 36 extensors
35 knee 36 extensors
37 in 43 n=11
38 young 41 years
38 young 42 ,
38 young 43 n=11
39 ( 41 years
40 24.3±0.9 41 years
41 years 42 ,
45 and 56 males
46 old 49 years
46 old 50 ,
46 old 56 males
47 ( 49 years
48 67.2±1.0 49 years
49 years 50 ,
51 n=11 52 )
51 n=11 56 males
53 recreationally 54 active
54 active 56 males
55 healthy 56 males

slow and moderate dynamic muscle strength were assessed using isokinetic dynamometry ( 60 and 180 ° s ( - 1 ) , respectively ) along with isometric muscle strength and rapid muscle force capacity examined as contractile rate of force development ( rfd ) , impulse , and relative rfd ( rrfd ) during the initial phase of contraction ( 100 m [s] time interval relative [to] onset [of] contraction ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 72 .
1 slow 2 and
2 and 3 moderate
3 moderate 5 muscle
4 dynamic 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 strength
5 muscle 7 were
5 muscle 8 assessed
5 muscle 9 using
6 strength 7 were
9 using 11 dynamometry
9 using 23 respectively
9 using 26 with
9 using 54 during
10 isokinetic 11 dynamometry
11 dynamometry 14 and
12 ( 14 and
13 60 14 and
14 and 15 180
14 and 20 1
14 and 22 ,
15 180 16 °
16 ° 17 s
18 ( 20 1
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 )
22 , 23 respectively
23 respectively 24 )
25 along 26 with
26 with 30 and
27 isometric 28 muscle
28 muscle 29 strength
29 strength 30 and
30 and 38 rate
30 and 39 of
31 rapid 32 muscle
32 muscle 35 examined
33 force 34 capacity
34 capacity 35 examined
35 examined 38 rate
36 as 37 contractile
37 contractile 38 rate
39 of 41 development
40 force 41 development
41 development 43 rfd
41 development 48 and
42 ( 43 rfd
43 rfd 44 )
45 , 48 and
46 impulse 48 and
47 , 48 and
48 and 50 rfd
48 and 52 rrfd
48 and 53 )
49 relative 50 rfd
51 ( 52 rrfd
52 rrfd 53 )
54 during 57 phase
55 the 57 phase
56 initial 57 phase
57 phase 58 of
58 of 59 contraction
59 contraction 70 contraction
60 ( 70 contraction
61 100 62 m
62 m 65 interval
64 time 65 interval
65 interval 66 relative
66 relative 70 contraction
68 onset 70 contraction
70 contraction 71 )

prior to disuse , marked age - related differences ( p<0.05 ) were observed in isometric and dynamic muscle strength ( ~35 [%] ) as well as in rfd and impulse ( ~39 [%] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
1 prior 2 to
1 prior 9 differences
1 prior 13 were
1 prior 14 observed
2 to 3 disuse
3 disuse 6 age
4 , 6 age
5 marked 6 age
6 age 7 -
8 related 9 differences
9 differences 11 p<0.05
9 differences 13 were
10 ( 11 p<0.05
11 p<0.05 12 )
14 observed 15 in
14 observed 26 well
14 observed 27 as
14 observed 36 .
15 in 17 and
16 isometric 17 and
17 and 20 strength
17 and 22 ~35
18 dynamic 19 muscle
19 muscle 20 strength
21 ( 22 ~35
22 ~35 24 )
25 as 26 well
27 as 28 in
28 in 31 impulse
29 rfd 30 and
30 and 31 impulse
31 impulse 33 ~39
32 ( 33 ~39
33 ~39 35 )

following recovery , all measures of mechanical muscle [function] were restored in young individuals compared to pre - disuse values , while isometric , slow and moderate dynamic muscle strength remained suppressed ( p<0.05 ) in old individuals ( ~8 [%] ) along with a tendency to suppressed rfd100 ( p=0.068 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 restored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 following 2 recovery
1 following 3 ,
1 following 5 measures
4 all 5 measures
5 measures 6 of
5 measures 10 were
6 of 8 muscle
7 mechanical 8 muscle
10 were 11 restored
11 restored 12 in
11 restored 16 to
12 in 14 individuals
13 young 14 individuals
14 individuals 15 compared
16 to 17 pre
18 - 20 values
18 - 26 and
18 - 53 .
19 disuse 20 values
20 values 26 and
21 , 22 while
22 while 23 isometric
22 while 24 ,
22 while 25 slow
25 slow 26 and
26 and 27 moderate
27 moderate 29 muscle
27 moderate 36 in
27 moderate 44 with
28 dynamic 29 muscle
29 muscle 30 strength
29 muscle 31 remained
29 muscle 32 suppressed
29 muscle 34 p<0.05
30 strength 31 remained
33 ( 34 p<0.05
34 p<0.05 35 )
36 in 38 individuals
37 old 38 individuals
38 individuals 40 ~8
39 ( 40 ~8
40 ~8 42 )
43 along 44 with
44 with 46 tendency
45 a 46 tendency
46 tendency 47 to
47 to 49 rfd100
48 suppressed 49 rfd100
49 rfd100 51 p=0.068
50 ( 51 p=0.068
51 p=0.068 52 )

in conclusion , 4 days of lower limb disuse led to marked [decrements] in knee extensor mechanical muscle function in both young and old individuals , yet with greater [decrements] observed [in] moderate dynamic strength and rapid muscle force capacity in old individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 4
3 , 19 function
4 4 5 days
4 4 11 to
4 4 12 marked
4 4 14 in
4 4 19 function
5 days 6 of
5 days 10 led
6 of 9 disuse
7 lower 9 disuse
8 limb 9 disuse
10 led 11 to
14 in 18 muscle
15 knee 18 muscle
16 extensor 18 muscle
17 mechanical 18 muscle
19 function 20 in
19 function 27 yet
19 function 28 with
20 in 23 and
21 both 23 and
22 young 23 and
23 and 25 individuals
23 and 26 ,
24 old 25 individuals
28 with 36 and
29 greater 35 strength
31 observed 35 strength
33 moderate 35 strength
34 dynamic 35 strength
35 strength 36 and
36 and 40 capacity
36 and 41 in
37 rapid 38 muscle
38 muscle 39 force
39 force 40 capacity
41 in 43 individuals
42 old 43 individuals

while 7 days of recovery - including free ambulation , one test session and a single session of strength training - was sufficient to restore mechanical muscle function in young individuals , old individuals appeared to have an impaired ability to fully recover as evidenced by suppressed values of isometric and dynamic muscle strength and rapid muscle force capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 days
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 while 2 7
1 while 3 days
3 days 7 including
3 days 22 was
3 days 28 function
4 of 5 recovery
4 of 6 -
4 of 7 including
7 including 8 free
7 including 9 ambulation
7 including 22 was
9 ambulation 14 and
10 , 14 and
11 one 13 session
12 test 13 session
13 session 14 and
14 and 17 session
14 and 21 -
15 a 16 single
15 a 17 session
16 single 17 session
17 session 18 of
18 of 20 training
19 strength 20 training
22 was 23 sufficient
23 sufficient 24 to
24 to 25 restore
25 restore 27 muscle
26 mechanical 27 muscle
28 function 29 in
29 in 31 individuals
30 young 31 individuals
32 , 34 individuals
32 , 45 evidenced
33 old 34 individuals
34 individuals 35 appeared
35 appeared 36 to
35 appeared 41 to
35 appeared 43 recover
36 to 37 have
37 have 40 ability
38 an 40 ability
39 impaired 40 ability
41 to 43 recover
42 fully 43 recover
43 recover 44 as
44 as 45 evidenced
45 evidenced 46 by
45 evidenced 55 and
46 by 48 values
47 suppressed 48 values
48 values 49 of
49 of 53 muscle
50 isometric 51 and
51 and 52 dynamic
51 and 53 muscle
54 strength 55 and
55 and 59 capacity
56 rapid 57 muscle
57 muscle 58 force
58 force 59 capacity

the nuclear pore complex ( npc ) is a massive molecular machine embedded in the nuclear envelope and controlling traffic [into] and out of the cell nucleus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 complex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 complex
2 nuclear 3 pore
3 pore 4 complex
4 complex 6 npc
4 complex 8 is
5 ( 6 npc
6 npc 7 )
8 is 12 machine
8 is 22 and
9 a 10 massive
9 a 12 machine
10 massive 12 machine
11 molecular 12 machine
12 machine 13 embedded
14 in 18 and
14 in 22 and
15 the 17 envelope
16 nuclear 17 envelope
17 envelope 18 and
18 and 20 traffic
19 controlling 20 traffic
22 and 24 of
23 out 24 of
24 of 27 nucleus
25 the 27 nucleus
26 cell 27 nucleus

here , we describe some of the outstanding research questions concerning the npc , its assembly and functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 17 and
5 some 6 of
5 some 14 ,
6 of 10 questions
7 the 10 questions
8 outstanding 9 research
9 research 10 questions
10 questions 11 concerning
11 concerning 13 npc
12 the 13 npc
14 , 16 assembly
14 , 17 and
15 its 16 assembly
17 and 18 functions

we also discuss recent findings that link the npc and its immediate surroundings to the process of cellular aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 3 discuss
2 also 3 discuss
3 discuss 5 findings
4 recent 5 findings
5 findings 6 that
5 findings 7 link
6 that 7 link
7 link 10 and
7 link 14 to
8 the 9 npc
9 npc 10 and
10 and 13 surroundings
11 its 13 surroundings
12 immediate 13 surroundings
14 to 16 process
15 the 16 process
16 process 17 of
17 of 19 aging
18 cellular 19 aging

scaffold and barrier nucleoporins are two major types of protein building blocks that make up the npc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 scaffold 2 and
2 and 4 nucleoporins
2 and 5 are
3 barrier 4 nucleoporins
5 are 12 blocks
6 two 8 types
7 major 8 types
8 types 9 of
8 types 12 blocks
9 of 12 blocks
10 protein 11 building
11 building 12 blocks
12 blocks 13 that
12 blocks 14 make
13 that 14 make
14 make 15 up
14 make 17 npc
16 the 17 npc

surprisingly , these two groups of nucleoporins differ dramatically in their turnover rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 surprisingly 2 ,
1 surprisingly 5 groups
3 these 4 two
4 two 5 groups
5 groups 6 of
5 groups 8 differ
6 of 7 nucleoporins
8 differ 9 dramatically
8 differ 10 in
10 in 13 rates
11 their 13 rates
12 turnover 13 rates

recent work identifies some of the scaffold nucleoporins as the most extremely long - [lived] proteins in rat brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identifies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recent 2 work
2 work 3 identifies
3 identifies 4 some
4 some 5 of
4 some 9 as
5 of 8 nucleoporins
6 the 8 nucleoporins
7 scaffold 8 nucleoporins
9 as 16 proteins
10 the 16 proteins
11 most 12 extremely
12 extremely 13 long
13 long 14 -
13 long 16 proteins
16 proteins 17 in
17 in 19 brain
18 rat 19 brain

some of the consequences of these findings and new open questions arising from them are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 some 2 of
1 some 8 and
2 of 4 consequences
3 the 4 consequences
4 consequences 5 of
5 of 7 findings
6 these 7 findings
8 and 11 questions
8 and 12 arising
8 and 15 are
9 new 11 questions
10 open 11 questions
12 arising 13 from
13 from 14 them
15 are 16 discussed

we also consider the evidence for a perturbed permeability barrier in nuclei from old cells and the alteration of nuclear transport pathways under stress conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 3 consider
2 also 3 consider
3 consider 5 evidence
3 consider 6 for
3 consider 11 in
3 consider 23 under
4 the 5 evidence
6 for 10 barrier
7 a 10 barrier
8 perturbed 9 permeability
9 permeability 10 barrier
11 in 12 nuclei
12 nuclei 13 from
12 nuclei 19 of
13 from 16 and
14 old 15 cells
15 cells 16 and
16 and 18 alteration
17 the 18 alteration
19 of 22 pathways
20 nuclear 21 transport
21 transport 22 pathways
23 under 25 conditions
24 stress 25 conditions

finally , we describe the connection between premature aging syndromes and the nuclear lamina , a filamentous protein network which underlies the nuclear envelope . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 6 connection
4 describe 7 between
5 the 6 connection
7 between 11 and
8 premature 10 syndromes
9 aging 10 syndromes
10 syndromes 11 and
11 and 14 lamina
11 and 19 network
12 the 14 lamina
13 nuclear 14 lamina
15 , 19 network
16 a 17 filamentous
16 a 19 network
17 filamentous 18 protein
18 protein 19 network
19 network 20 which
19 network 21 underlies
19 network 25 .
20 which 21 underlies
21 underlies 24 envelope
22 the 24 envelope
23 nuclear 24 envelope

maximizing fat loss while preserving lean tissue [mass] and function is a central goal of modern obesity treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 maximizing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 maximizing 3 loss
1 maximizing 4 while
1 maximizing 11 is
2 fat 3 loss
4 while 5 preserving
5 preserving 9 and
6 lean 7 tissue
7 tissue 9 and
9 and 10 function
11 is 14 goal
12 a 13 central
12 a 14 goal
13 central 14 goal
14 goal 15 of
15 of 18 treatments
16 modern 17 obesity
17 obesity 18 treatments

a widely cited rule guiding expected loss of lean tissue as fat - free mass [(] ffm ) states that approximately one - fourth of weight loss will be ffm ( i.e [.] δffm/δweight = ∼0.25 ) , with the remaining three [-] fourths being fat mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rule
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 states
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 a 4 rule
2 widely 3 cited
3 cited 4 rule
4 rule 5 guiding
4 rule 8 of
4 rule 19 states
5 guiding 7 loss
6 expected 7 loss
8 of 10 tissue
9 lean 10 tissue
10 tissue 11 as
11 as 12 fat
12 fat 17 ffm
13 - 17 ffm
14 free 15 mass
15 mass 17 ffm
17 ffm 18 )
19 states 22 one
20 that 21 approximately
21 approximately 22 one
23 - 44 fourths
23 - 47 mass
24 fourth 44 fourths
25 of 26 weight
25 of 38 ,
25 of 44 fourths
26 weight 27 loss
26 weight 29 be
27 loss 28 will
28 will 29 be
29 be 30 ffm
30 ffm 32 i.e
31 ( 32 i.e
32 i.e 34 δffm/δweight
32 i.e 36 ∼0.25
32 i.e 37 )
34 δffm/δweight 35 =
35 = 36 ∼0.25
39 with 41 remaining
39 with 44 fourths
40 the 41 remaining
42 three 44 fourths
44 fourths 45 being
44 fourths 47 mass
45 being 46 fat

this review examines the dynamic relationships between ffm , fat mass and weight changes that follow induction of negative energy balance with hypocaloric dieting [and/or] exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 examines
3 examines 6 relationships
4 the 6 relationships
5 dynamic 6 relationships
6 relationships 7 between
6 relationships 15 that
6 relationships 16 follow
7 between 12 and
8 ffm 9 ,
9 , 11 mass
9 , 12 and
10 fat 11 mass
12 and 14 changes
13 weight 14 changes
15 that 16 follow
16 follow 17 induction
17 induction 18 of
18 of 21 balance
19 negative 20 energy
20 energy 21 balance
21 balance 22 with
22 with 26 exercise
23 hypocaloric 26 exercise
24 dieting 26 exercise

historical developments in the field are traced with the ['] quarter ffm rule ['] used as a framework to examine evolving concepts on obesity tissue , excess weight and what is often cited as ['] forbes ' rule ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 developments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 historical 2 developments
2 developments 3 in
2 developments 6 are
3 in 5 field
4 the 5 field
6 are 7 traced
7 traced 8 with
7 traced 19 to
8 with 13 rule
8 with 15 used
9 the 13 rule
11 quarter 12 ffm
12 ffm 13 rule
15 used 16 as
16 as 18 framework
17 a 18 framework
19 to 20 examine
20 examine 21 evolving
20 examine 33 cited
21 evolving 29 and
21 evolving 31 is
22 concepts 23 on
22 concepts 26 ,
23 on 25 tissue
24 obesity 25 tissue
26 , 28 weight
26 , 29 and
27 excess 28 weight
29 and 30 what
31 is 33 cited
32 often 33 cited
33 cited 34 as
34 as 38 rule
36 forbes 37 '
37 ' 38 rule

temporal effects in the fractional contribution of ffm to changes in body weight are examined as [are] lean tissue moderating effects such as ageing , inactivity and exercise that frequently accompany structured low - calorie diet weight loss protocols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 temporal 2 effects
2 effects 3 in
2 effects 14 are
3 in 6 contribution
4 the 6 contribution
5 fractional 6 contribution
6 contribution 7 of
7 of 8 ffm
8 ffm 9 to
9 to 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
11 in 13 weight
12 body 13 weight
14 are 21 effects
14 are 23 as
15 examined 21 effects
16 as 18 lean
18 lean 21 effects
19 tissue 20 moderating
20 moderating 21 effects
22 such 23 as
23 as 27 and
24 ageing 25 ,
25 , 26 inactivity
25 , 27 and
27 and 28 exercise
27 and 29 that
27 and 31 accompany
29 that 31 accompany
30 frequently 31 accompany
31 accompany 39 protocols
32 structured 35 calorie
33 low 34 -
33 low 35 calorie
35 calorie 39 protocols
36 diet 38 loss
37 weight 38 loss
38 loss 39 protocols

losses of lean tissue with dieting typically tend to be small , raising questions about study design , power and applied measurement method reliability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 losses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 losses 2 of
1 losses 5 with
1 losses 8 tend
2 of 4 tissue
3 lean 4 tissue
5 with 6 dieting
7 typically 8 tend
8 tend 9 to
8 tend 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 small
11 small 13 raising
12 , 13 raising
13 raising 14 questions
13 raising 18 ,
14 questions 15 about
15 about 17 design
16 study 17 design
18 , 20 and
19 power 20 and
20 and 24 reliability
21 applied 22 measurement
22 measurement 24 reliability
23 method 24 reliability

our review elicits important questions related to the fractional loss of lean tissues with dieting and provides a foundation for future research on this topic . mirnas are small [non] - coding rnas that play an important role in numerous physiological processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 elicits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 review
2 review 3 elicits
3 elicits 5 questions
3 elicits 20 for
3 elicits 23 on
4 important 5 questions
5 questions 16 and
6 related 7 to
6 related 14 with
6 related 16 and
7 to 10 loss
8 the 10 loss
9 fractional 10 loss
10 loss 11 of
11 of 13 tissues
12 lean 13 tissues
14 with 15 dieting
16 and 17 provides
16 and 19 foundation
18 a 19 foundation
20 for 22 research
21 future 22 research
23 on 25 topic
24 this 25 topic
26 . 27 mirnas
26 . 28 are
27 mirnas 28 are
28 are 29 small
29 small 32 coding
31 - 32 coding
32 coding 33 rnas
32 coding 39 in
32 coding 43 .
33 rnas 34 that
33 rnas 35 play
34 that 35 play
35 play 38 role
36 an 38 role
37 important 38 role
39 in 42 processes
40 numerous 42 processes
41 physiological 42 processes

common single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in pre - mirnas may change their property through altering mirnas expression [and/or] maturation , resulting in diverse functional consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 single
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 common 2 single
2 single 4 polymorphisms
2 single 8 in
3 nucleotide 4 polymorphisms
4 polymorphisms 6 snps
5 ( 6 snps
6 snps 7 )
8 in 9 pre
10 - 11 mirnas
10 - 13 change
11 mirnas 12 may
12 may 13 change
13 change 15 property
13 change 16 through
14 their 15 property
16 through 21 maturation
17 altering 21 maturation
18 mirnas 21 maturation
19 expression 21 maturation
21 maturation 23 resulting
22 , 23 resulting
23 resulting 24 in
23 resulting 28 .
24 in 27 consequences
25 diverse 27 consequences
26 functional 27 consequences

to date , the role of genetic variants in pre - mirnas on coronary artery disease ( cad ) risk remains poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 5 role
3 , 21 remains
4 the 5 role
5 role 6 of
5 role 21 remains
6 of 8 variants
7 genetic 8 variants
8 variants 9 in
9 in 20 risk
10 pre 12 mirnas
10 pre 20 risk
11 - 12 mirnas
12 mirnas 13 on
12 mirnas 18 cad
12 mirnas 19 )
13 on 16 disease
14 coronary 15 artery
15 artery 16 disease
17 ( 18 cad
18 cad 19 )
21 remains 22 poorly
21 remains 23 understood

here we aimed to evaluate the influence of three common snps in pre - mirnas ( mir - 146a rs2910164 g>c , mir - 196a2 rs11614913 c>t , mir - 499 rs3746444 t>c ) on individual susceptibility to cad in a chinese population of 295 cad patients and 283 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 12 in
3 aimed 35 on
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 influence
6 the 7 influence
7 influence 8 of
8 of 11 snps
9 three 11 snps
10 common 11 snps
12 in 15 mirnas
13 pre 14 -
13 pre 15 mirnas
15 mirnas 29 mir
16 ( 29 mir
17 mir 21 g>c
17 mir 28 ,
17 mir 29 mir
18 - 21 g>c
19 146a 21 g>c
20 rs2910164 21 g>c
21 g>c 27 c>t
21 g>c 28 ,
22 , 27 c>t
23 mir 24 -
23 mir 27 c>t
25 196a2 27 c>t
26 rs11614913 27 c>t
27 c>t 28 ,
29 mir 33 t>c
29 mir 34 )
30 - 33 t>c
31 499 32 rs3746444
32 rs3746444 33 t>c
33 t>c 34 )
35 on 48 and
36 individual 37 susceptibility
37 susceptibility 38 to
37 susceptibility 44 of
37 susceptibility 48 and
38 to 39 cad
39 cad 40 in
40 in 43 population
41 a 42 chinese
41 a 43 population
42 chinese 43 population
44 of 47 patients
45 295 47 patients
46 cad 47 patients
48 and 50 controls
49 283 50 controls

genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction - based restriction fragment length polymorphism [(] pcr - rflp ) method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 genotyping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 genotyping 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 using
4 using 7 reaction
5 polymerase 7 reaction
6 chain 7 reaction
8 - 19 method
8 - 20 .
9 based 10 restriction
10 restriction 19 method
11 fragment 19 method
12 length 19 method
13 polymorphism 19 method
15 pcr 17 rflp
16 - 17 rflp
17 rflp 18 )
17 rflp 19 method

as we [used] further genotype association models , we found a similar trend of the association [in] recessive model ( or=1.86 , 95 % ci=1.09 - 3.19 , p=0.023 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 as 2 we
1 as 5 genotype
1 as 8 ,
1 as 9 we
2 we 5 genotype
4 further 5 genotype
5 genotype 7 models
6 association 7 models
9 we 10 found
10 found 13 trend
10 found 25 ci=1.09
11 a 13 trend
12 similar 13 trend
13 trend 14 of
13 trend 21 or=1.86
14 of 19 model
15 the 19 model
16 association 19 model
18 recessive 19 model
20 ( 21 or=1.86
21 or=1.86 22 ,
23 95 25 ci=1.09
24 % 25 ci=1.09
25 ci=1.09 27 3.19
26 - 27 3.19
27 3.19 29 p=0.023
27 3.19 30 )
28 , 29 p=0.023
29 p=0.023 30 )

we also found that [the] genotypes [of] mir - 146a rs2910164 were associated with its mature mirna expression by analyzing 23 pbmc samples from cad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 4 that
3 found 6 genotypes
4 that 6 genotypes
6 genotypes 10 146a
8 mir 9 -
8 mir 10 146a
10 146a 11 rs2910164
10 146a 20 analyzing
11 rs2910164 12 were
12 were 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 18 expression
14 with 19 by
15 its 18 expression
16 mature 18 expression
17 mirna 18 expression
19 by 20 analyzing
20 analyzing 23 samples
20 analyzing 24 from
21 23 23 samples
22 pbmc 23 samples
24 from 26 patients
25 cad 26 patients

individuals carrying rs11614913 gc [or] cc genotypes showed 3.2 - fold higher expression compared to [gg] genotype carriers ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 individuals 2 carrying
1 individuals 4 gc
1 individuals 7 genotypes
1 individuals 8 showed
2 carrying 3 rs11614913
4 gc 6 cc
4 gc 7 genotypes
8 showed 9 3.2
10 - 11 fold
10 - 22 .
11 fold 13 expression
12 higher 13 expression
13 expression 14 compared
13 expression 15 to
13 expression 17 genotype
15 to 17 genotype
17 genotype 18 carriers
18 carriers 20 p<0.05
19 ( 20 p<0.05
20 p<0.05 21 )

we observed no association of the other two snps in mir - 196a2 ( rs11614913 ) and mir - 499 ( rs3746444 ) with the cad incidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 4 association
2 observed 24 with
3 no 4 association
4 association 5 of
4 association 20 499
5 of 17 and
6 the 7 other
7 other 8 two
8 two 9 snps
9 snps 10 in
9 snps 17 and
10 in 13 196a2
11 mir 12 -
11 mir 13 196a2
13 196a2 15 rs11614913
14 ( 15 rs11614913
15 rs11614913 16 )
17 and 18 mir
19 - 20 499
20 499 22 rs3746444
20 499 23 )
21 ( 22 rs3746444
22 rs3746444 23 )
24 with 27 incidence
25 the 27 incidence
26 cad 27 incidence

our data provide the first evidence that the mir - 146a rs2910164 polymorphism is associated with increased risk of cad in chinese han population , which may be through influencing the expression levels of the mirna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 provide
3 provide 6 evidence
4 the 5 first
4 the 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 13 polymorphism
7 that 15 associated
8 the 13 polymorphism
9 mir 10 -
9 mir 13 polymorphism
11 146a 13 polymorphism
12 rs2910164 13 polymorphism
13 polymorphism 14 is
14 is 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 21 in
16 with 18 risk
17 increased 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 20 cad
21 in 24 population
22 chinese 24 population
23 han 24 population
25 , 26 which
25 , 28 be
26 which 27 may
27 may 28 be
28 be 29 through
29 through 30 influencing
30 influencing 33 levels
31 the 33 levels
32 expression 33 levels
33 levels 34 of
34 of 36 mirna
35 the 36 mirna

aims : we sought to identify the determinants of orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) among patients referred to the transient ischaemic attack ( tia ) [clinic] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 sought
2 : 27 .
3 we 4 sought
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 6 identify
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 8 determinants
6 identify 15 among
7 the 8 determinants
8 determinants 9 of
9 of 11 hypotension
10 orthostatic 11 hypotension
11 hypotension 13 oh
12 ( 13 oh
13 oh 14 )
15 among 16 patients
16 patients 17 referred
16 patients 24 tia
17 referred 18 to
18 to 22 attack
19 the 22 attack
20 transient 22 attack
21 ischaemic 22 attack
23 ( 24 tia
24 tia 25 )

methods : we conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on patients who attended the tia clinic in a uk hospital between january 2006 and september 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 7 analysis
4 conducted 12 on
4 conducted 19 in
5 a 7 analysis
6 retrospective 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
8 of 11 data
9 prospectively 10 collected
10 collected 11 data
12 on 13 patients
13 patients 14 who
13 patients 15 attended
14 who 15 attended
15 attended 18 clinic
16 the 18 clinic
17 tia 18 clinic
19 in 26 and
20 a 22 hospital
21 uk 22 hospital
22 hospital 23 between
22 hospital 26 and
23 between 24 january
24 january 25 2006
26 and 27 september
27 september 28 2009

each patient had their supine and standing or sitting blood pressure measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 each 2 patient
2 patient 3 had
3 had 5 supine
4 their 5 supine
6 and 8 or
6 and 10 blood
7 standing 8 or
8 or 9 sitting
8 or 10 blood
10 blood 11 pressure
11 pressure 12 measured

logistic regression was used to estimate the univariate and multivariate odds of oh for the subgroups of patients based on their diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 logistic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 estimate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 logistic 3 was
1 logistic 5 to
2 regression 3 was
3 was 4 used
5 to 6 estimate
6 estimate 11 odds
7 the 11 odds
8 univariate 9 and
9 and 10 multivariate
9 and 11 odds
11 odds 12 of
12 of 13 oh
13 oh 14 for
13 oh 17 of
14 for 16 subgroups
15 the 16 subgroups
17 of 18 patients
18 patients 19 based
19 based 20 on
20 on 22 diagnosis
21 their 22 diagnosis

a 10 % significance level for the univariate analysis was used to identify variables in the multivariate model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 4 significance
2 10 3 %
3 % 4 significance
4 significance 5 level
4 significance 10 was
5 level 6 for
6 for 9 analysis
7 the 9 analysis
8 univariate 9 analysis
10 was 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 identify
12 to 13 identify
13 identify 14 variables
13 identify 15 in
15 in 18 model
16 the 18 model
17 multivariate 18 model

results : a total of 3222 patients were studied of whom 1131 had a tia [,] 665 [a] stroke and 1426 had other diagnoses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 11 whom
4 total 19 stroke
5 of 6 3222
6 3222 7 patients
6 3222 10 of
7 patients 8 were
8 were 9 studied
9 studied 10 of
11 whom 12 1131
11 whom 13 had
12 1131 13 had
13 had 15 tia
13 had 19 stroke
14 a 15 tia
15 tia 17 665
20 and 21 1426
20 and 22 had
21 1426 22 had
22 had 24 diagnoses
23 other 24 diagnoses

the prevalence of either systolic or diastolic oh in the tia , stroke and patients with other diagnoses was [similar] being 22 % ( n = 251 ) , 24 % ( n = 162 [ )(and 20 % ( n = 292 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 19 was
3 of 14 and
4 either 6 or
5 systolic 6 or
6 or 7 diastolic
6 or 8 oh
8 oh 9 in
8 oh 12 ,
9 in 11 tia
10 the 11 tia
12 , 13 stroke
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 patients
14 and 16 with
16 with 18 diagnoses
17 other 18 diagnoses
19 was 21 being
21 being 23 %
21 being 46 respectively
22 22 23 %
23 % 26 =
23 % 31 %
24 ( 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 251
26 = 28 )
29 , 31 %
30 24 31 %
31 % 34 =
31 % 42 =
31 % 45 ,
32 ( 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 39 %
35 162 37 )(and
37 )(and 38 20
37 )(and 39 %
40 ( 42 =
41 n 42 =
42 = 43 292
42 = 44 )

in patients with other diagnoses , age ( 1.04 , 1.02 - 1.05 ) and diabetes ( 1.47 , 1.04 - 2.09 ) were associated with oh [,] [whereas] male gender was ( 0.76 , 0.58 - 1.00 ) not associated with oh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 15 and
3 with 5 diagnoses
4 other 5 diagnoses
5 diagnoses 7 age
5 diagnoses 12 -
6 , 7 age
7 age 9 1.04
7 age 10 ,
8 ( 9 1.04
9 1.04 10 ,
10 , 12 -
11 1.02 12 -
12 - 13 1.05
12 - 14 )
15 and 16 diabetes
15 and 18 1.47
15 and 21 -
15 and 24 were
17 ( 18 1.47
18 1.47 19 ,
19 , 21 -
20 1.04 21 -
21 - 22 2.09
21 - 23 )
24 were 25 associated
25 associated 26 with
26 with 27 oh
26 with 40 not
26 with 41 associated
27 oh 31 gender
27 oh 32 was
27 oh 34 0.76
27 oh 37 -
30 male 31 gender
31 gender 32 was
33 ( 34 0.76
34 0.76 35 ,
35 , 37 -
36 0.58 37 -
37 - 38 1.00
37 - 39 )
41 associated 42 with
42 with 43 oh

conclusion : orthostatic hypotension is prevalent among patients presenting to tia [clinic] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 orthostatic
3 orthostatic 4 hypotension
3 orthostatic 9 presenting
4 hypotension 5 is
5 is 6 prevalent
6 prevalent 7 among
7 among 8 patients
8 patients 9 presenting
9 presenting 10 to
10 to 11 tia

previous history of vascular disease ( prior tia/stroke/pvd ) appears to be a significant associate of oh in this patient population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 history
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 previous 2 history
2 history 3 of
2 history 10 appears
3 of 5 disease
4 vascular 5 disease
5 disease 8 tia/stroke/pvd
6 ( 8 tia/stroke/pvd
7 prior 8 tia/stroke/pvd
8 tia/stroke/pvd 9 )
10 appears 11 to
10 appears 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 15 associate
13 a 14 significant
13 a 15 associate
14 significant 15 associate
15 associate 16 of
15 associate 18 in
16 of 17 oh
18 in 21 population
19 this 21 population
20 patient 21 population

aim : vascular calcification ( vc ) is common among patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) due to the strong prevalence of cardiovascular and ckd - related risk factors such as diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , hypertension and phosphate retention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 3 vascular
2 : 8 is
2 : 29 related
3 vascular 8 is
4 calcification 6 vc
4 calcification 8 is
5 ( 6 vc
6 vc 7 )
8 is 9 common
9 common 10 among
9 common 12 with
9 common 20 to
10 among 11 patients
12 with 15 disease
13 chronic 15 disease
14 kidney 15 disease
15 disease 17 ckd
16 ( 17 ckd
17 ckd 18 )
19 due 20 to
20 to 23 prevalence
21 the 23 prevalence
22 strong 23 prevalence
23 prevalence 24 of
24 of 26 and
25 cardiovascular 26 and
26 and 27 ckd
28 - 29 related
29 related 41 and
30 risk 31 factors
31 factors 33 as
31 factors 39 ,
32 such 33 as
33 as 35 mellitus
34 diabetes 35 mellitus
35 mellitus 37 dm
36 ( 37 dm
37 dm 38 )
39 , 40 hypertension
39 , 41 and
41 and 43 retention
42 phosphate 43 retention

kidney transplantation improves kidney function [and] abnormal mineral metabolism at the same time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transplantation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 kidney 2 transplantation
2 transplantation 3 improves
3 improves 9 metabolism
3 improves 10 at
4 kidney 9 metabolism
5 function 9 metabolism
7 abnormal 8 mineral
8 mineral 9 metabolism
10 at 13 time
11 the 12 same
12 same 13 time

it remains unclear whether kidney transplantation favourably impacts vc in the long - term . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 remains
2 remains 3 unclear
3 unclear 4 whether
4 whether 6 transplantation
4 whether 8 impacts
5 kidney 6 transplantation
6 transplantation 8 impacts
7 favourably 8 impacts
8 impacts 9 vc
8 impacts 10 in
10 in 14 term
11 the 14 term
12 long 13 -
12 long 14 term

methods : the present study examined vc in 132 kidney transplant [(] kt [ )(recipients who had been transplanted for longer than one year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 examined
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 examined
6 examined 7 vc
6 examined 24 year
7 vc 8 in
7 vc 16 who
7 vc 17 had
8 in 15 )(recipients
9 132 15 )(recipients
10 kidney 11 transplant
11 transplant 15 )(recipients
13 kt 15 )(recipients
16 who 17 had
17 had 18 been
18 been 19 transplanted
19 transplanted 20 for
19 transplanted 22 than
20 for 21 longer
23 one 24 year

the severity of vc was compared to 129 ckd stages 5 - 5 d patients on a kidney transplant ( kt ) waiting list . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 severity
2 severity 3 of
2 severity 5 was
3 of 4 vc
5 was 6 compared
6 compared 7 to
7 to 10 stages
8 129 10 stages
9 ckd 10 stages
10 stages 15 patients
10 stages 24 list
11 5 12 -
12 - 13 5
12 - 14 d
14 d 15 patients
15 patients 16 on
15 patients 23 waiting
15 patients 24 list
16 on 19 transplant
17 a 19 transplant
18 kidney 19 transplant
19 transplant 21 kt
20 ( 21 kt
21 kt 22 )

results : the median kt vintage was 88 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 vintage
2 : 7 was
2 : 10 .
3 the 6 vintage
4 median 6 vintage
5 kt 6 vintage
6 vintage 7 was
7 was 9 months
8 88 9 months

the prevalence of vc among kt and ckd patients were 54.5 [%] and 62.8 % , respectively , ( p = 0.2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 7 and
3 of 4 vc
4 vc 5 among
5 among 6 kt
7 and 8 ckd
7 and 9 patients
9 patients 10 were
10 were 15 %
10 were 17 respectively
10 were 21 =
11 54.5 13 and
13 and 14 62.8
13 and 15 %
16 , 17 respectively
17 respectively 18 ,
19 ( 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 22 0.2
21 = 23 )

there were no differences in age , gender , body mass index [(] bmi ) , the prevalence of dm or cvd between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
2 were 5 in
3 no 4 differences
5 in 6 age
6 age 8 gender
7 , 8 gender
8 gender 14 bmi
8 gender 16 ,
9 , 14 bmi
10 body 11 mass
11 mass 14 bmi
12 index 14 bmi
14 bmi 15 )
16 , 18 prevalence
16 , 26 groups
17 the 18 prevalence
18 prevalence 19 of
18 prevalence 26 groups
19 of 21 or
20 dm 21 or
21 or 22 cvd
22 cvd 23 between
23 between 25 two
24 the 25 two

among patients with calcification , a more severe degree was observed in kt recipients ( p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 degree
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 among 2 patients
1 among 5 ,
1 among 9 degree
2 patients 3 with
3 with 4 calcification
6 a 9 degree
7 more 8 severe
8 severe 9 degree
9 degree 10 was
10 was 11 observed
11 observed 12 in
12 in 14 recipients
13 kt 14 recipients
14 recipients 17 =
15 ( 17 =
16 p 17 =
17 = 18 0.01
17 = 19 )

aging , dm , cvd and dialysis vintage were associated with significant vc in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aging 2 ,
1 aging 6 and
3 dm 5 cvd
4 , 5 cvd
5 cvd 6 and
6 and 8 vintage
6 and 9 were
7 dialysis 8 vintage
9 were 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 in
11 with 13 vc
12 significant 13 vc
14 in 16 groups
15 both 16 groups

the degree of vc in kt recipients was more pronounced than that in ckd patients among those who experienced prolonged dialysis vintage ( >2 years ) ( p = 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 vc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 pronounced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 degree
2 degree 3 of
2 degree 4 vc
3 of 4 vc
4 vc 5 in
4 vc 8 was
5 in 7 recipients
6 kt 7 recipients
8 was 9 more
8 was 10 pronounced
10 pronounced 11 than
10 pronounced 13 in
10 pronounced 16 among
11 than 12 that
13 in 15 patients
14 ckd 15 patients
16 among 17 those
17 those 18 who
17 those 19 experienced
18 who 19 experienced
19 experienced 22 vintage
20 prolonged 21 dialysis
21 dialysis 22 vintage
22 vintage 25 years
22 vintage 29 =
23 ( 25 years
24 >2 25 years
25 years 26 )
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.04
29 = 31 )

among kt recipients , the severity of vc increased with the length of time after transplantation and became more substantial after 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 among 3 recipients
1 among 4 ,
1 among 6 severity
2 kt 3 recipients
5 the 6 severity
6 severity 7 of
6 severity 17 and
7 of 8 vc
9 increased 10 with
9 increased 15 after
9 increased 17 and
10 with 12 length
11 the 12 length
12 length 13 of
13 of 14 time
15 after 16 transplantation
17 and 18 became
18 became 20 substantial
19 more 20 substantial
20 substantial 21 after
21 after 23 years
22 5 23 years

conclusions : long - term kt recipients demonstrated a more severe degree of vc compared to matched ckd stages 5 - 5 d patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 7 recipients
3 long 4 -
3 long 5 term
5 term 7 recipients
6 kt 7 recipients
7 recipients 8 demonstrated
7 recipients 14 vc
7 recipients 15 compared
9 a 12 degree
10 more 11 severe
11 severe 12 degree
12 degree 13 of
12 degree 14 vc
13 of 14 vc
14 vc 15 compared
15 compared 16 to
15 compared 21 -
16 to 19 stages
17 matched 19 stages
18 ckd 19 stages
20 5 21 -
21 - 22 5
22 5 23 d
23 d 24 patients

the severity of vc became [more] pronounced among those with longer transplant vintage and was in part influenced by past dialysis experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 severity
2 severity 3 of
2 severity 14 and
3 of 4 vc
5 became 7 pronounced
5 became 14 and
7 pronounced 8 among
7 pronounced 10 with
8 among 9 those
10 with 13 vintage
11 longer 12 transplant
12 transplant 13 vintage
14 and 15 was
14 and 19 by
15 was 17 part
15 was 18 influenced
16 in 17 part
19 by 22 experience
20 past 21 dialysis
21 dialysis 22 experience

this study aimed to determine what factors were associated with achieving adequate hearing aid self [-] efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 determine
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 6 what
5 determine 10 with
6 what 7 factors
7 factors 8 were
8 were 9 associated
10 with 17 efficacy
11 achieving 14 aid
12 adequate 13 hearing
13 hearing 14 aid
14 aid 17 efficacy
15 self 17 efficacy

design : a retrospective research design was employed wherein hearing aid self [-] efficacy was the primary outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 18 outcome
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 18 outcome
4 retrospective 5 research
5 research 6 design
6 design 7 was
7 was 8 employed
8 employed 9 wherein
9 wherein 14 efficacy
9 wherein 15 was
10 hearing 11 aid
11 aid 14 efficacy
12 self 14 efficacy
14 efficacy 15 was
15 was 17 primary
16 the 17 primary

explanatory variables included personal demographics , visual disability , and experiences related to participants ' hearing ability and hearing aids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 explanatory 2 variables
2 variables 3 included
3 included 5 demographics
4 personal 5 demographics
5 demographics 8 disability
6 , 8 disability
7 visual 8 disability
8 disability 9 ,
10 and 11 experiences
10 and 12 related
11 experiences 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 18 and
14 participants 15 '
15 ' 17 ability
16 hearing 17 ability
17 ability 18 and
18 and 20 aids
19 hearing 20 aids

study sample : a total of 307 older adults with hearing impairment participated in the study ( 147 [non] hearing aid owners and 160 hearing aid owners ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 study 2 sample
3 : 5 total
4 a 5 total
5 total 6 of
6 of 9 adults
7 307 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 with
9 adults 14 in
9 adults 23 and
10 with 11 hearing
11 hearing 12 impairment
11 hearing 13 participated
12 impairment 13 participated
14 in 16 study
15 the 16 study
17 ( 23 and
18 147 22 owners
20 hearing 22 owners
21 aid 22 owners
22 owners 23 and
23 and 27 owners
23 and 28 )
24 160 27 owners
25 hearing 27 owners
26 aid 27 owners

results : [non] - hearing aid owners were more likely to report adequate hearing aid self [-] efficacy if they reported no visual disability , had experienced hearing loss for longer , reported more positive support from [a] significant [other] , and [were] [not] anxious about wearing hearing aids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 -
4 - 5 hearing
5 hearing 8 were
6 aid 7 owners
7 owners 8 were
8 were 9 more
8 were 10 likely
10 likely 11 to
10 likely 19 if
11 to 12 report
12 report 18 efficacy
13 adequate 14 hearing
14 hearing 18 efficacy
15 aid 18 efficacy
16 self 18 efficacy
19 if 20 they
19 if 27 experienced
20 they 25 ,
21 reported 24 disability
21 reported 25 ,
22 no 24 disability
23 visual 24 disability
25 , 26 had
26 had 27 experienced
27 experienced 29 loss
27 experienced 37 from
28 hearing 29 loss
29 loss 30 for
30 for 36 support
31 longer 32 ,
31 longer 36 support
33 reported 36 support
34 more 35 positive
35 positive 36 support
37 from 42 and
39 significant 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 45 anxious
42 and 50 .
45 anxious 46 about
46 about 47 wearing
47 wearing 49 aids
48 hearing 49 aids

hearing aid owners were more likely to report adequate hearing aid self [-] efficacy if they had had a positive hearing aid experience and no visual disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 owners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 hearing 2 aid
2 aid 3 owners
3 owners 4 were
4 were 6 likely
5 more 6 likely
6 likely 7 to
7 to 8 report
8 report 14 efficacy
8 report 15 if
9 adequate 14 efficacy
10 hearing 11 aid
11 aid 12 self
12 self 14 efficacy
15 if 16 they
15 if 18 had
16 they 17 had
17 had 18 had
18 had 21 hearing
18 had 22 aid
19 a 20 positive
19 a 21 hearing
20 positive 21 hearing
22 aid 24 and
23 experience 24 and
24 and 27 disability
25 no 27 disability
26 visual 27 disability

conclusions : more research is needed to develop and evaluate intervention approaches that promote optimal levels of hearing aid self [-] efficacy among older adults with hearing impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 research
2 : 6 needed
3 more 4 research
4 research 5 is
5 is 6 needed
6 needed 7 to
7 to 9 and
8 develop 9 and
9 and 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 approaches
11 intervention 12 approaches
12 approaches 13 that
12 approaches 14 promote
13 that 14 promote
14 promote 16 levels
14 promote 23 among
14 promote 26 with
15 optimal 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
17 of 18 hearing
18 hearing 22 efficacy
19 aid 22 efficacy
20 self 22 efficacy
23 among 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
26 with 27 hearing
27 hearing 28 impairment

objective : the acceptable noise level ( anl ) , a measure of noise tolerance , has been proposed as a predictor for successful hearing aid use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 6 level
2 : 19 proposed
3 the 6 level
4 acceptable 5 noise
5 noise 6 level
6 level 8 anl
6 level 15 tolerance
6 level 17 has
7 ( 8 anl
8 anl 9 )
10 , 15 tolerance
11 a 12 measure
12 measure 13 of
12 measure 15 tolerance
13 of 15 tolerance
14 noise 15 tolerance
15 tolerance 16 ,
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 proposed
19 proposed 20 as
20 as 22 predictor
21 a 22 predictor
22 predictor 23 for
23 for 27 use
24 successful 25 hearing
25 hearing 27 use
26 aid 27 use

the aims of this study were to obtain normative data , and to evaluate the clinical feasibility and predictive value of an australian version of the anl test in an older population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 12 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 8 obtain
6 were 12 and
7 to 8 obtain
8 obtain 10 data
9 normative 10 data
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 to
12 and 28 test
12 and 29 in
13 to 14 evaluate
14 evaluate 18 and
15 the 17 feasibility
16 clinical 17 feasibility
17 feasibility 18 and
18 and 20 value
18 and 25 of
19 predictive 20 value
20 value 21 of
21 of 24 version
22 an 23 australian
22 an 24 version
23 australian 24 version
25 of 27 anl
26 the 27 anl
29 in 32 population
30 an 32 population
31 older 32 population

design : repeated anl measurements were presented diotically using earphones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 measurements
2 : 7 presented
2 : 11 .
3 repeated 5 measurements
4 anl 5 measurements
5 measurements 6 were
6 were 7 presented
7 presented 8 diotically
7 presented 9 using
9 using 10 earphones

all participants provided demographic information and hearing aid owners were asked about their aid use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 provided
3 provided 5 information
4 demographic 5 information
6 and 9 owners
6 and 11 asked
7 hearing 9 owners
8 aid 9 owners
9 owners 10 were
10 were 11 asked
11 asked 12 about
12 about 15 use
13 their 15 use
14 aid 15 use

study sample : a total of 290 older adults were assessed ; 166 participants had a hearing impairment [and] 96 owned a hearing aid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 owned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 study 2 sample
3 : 5 total
3 : 11 assessed
3 : 12 ;
3 : 15 had
4 a 5 total
5 total 6 of
5 total 10 were
6 of 9 adults
7 290 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 were 11 assessed
12 ; 13 166
14 participants 15 had
15 had 17 hearing
16 a 17 hearing
17 hearing 18 impairment
17 hearing 21 owned
18 impairment 20 96
18 impairment 21 owned
21 owned 24 aid
22 a 24 aid
23 hearing 24 aid

results : the mean anl was lower than previously reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 mean
2 : 10 reported
2 : 11 .
3 the 4 mean
4 mean 5 anl
4 mean 7 lower
4 mean 10 reported
5 anl 6 was
6 was 7 lower
7 lower 8 than
9 previously 10 reported

while age and gender had no effect on anl , a significant , [but] weak , correlation was found between anl and hearing loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 while 3 and
1 while 5 had
1 while 10 ,
1 while 17 correlation
2 age 3 and
3 and 4 gender
3 and 5 had
5 had 7 effect
5 had 8 on
6 no 7 effect
8 on 9 anl
11 a 12 significant
11 a 17 correlation
12 significant 13 ,
12 significant 17 correlation
15 weak 16 ,
15 weak 17 correlation
17 correlation 18 was
18 was 19 found
19 found 20 between
20 between 22 and
21 anl 22 and
22 and 24 loss
23 hearing 24 loss

the test - [retest] reliability showed the results were clinically unreliable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 test
3 - 5 reliability
3 - 6 showed
3 - 12 .
5 reliability 6 showed
6 showed 8 results
6 showed 9 were
7 the 8 results
8 results 9 were
9 were 10 clinically
9 were 11 unreliable

in addition , the anl did not predict hours or pattern of hearing aid use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 anl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 anl
4 the 5 anl
5 anl 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 predict
8 predict 10 or
8 predict 14 aid
9 hours 10 or
10 or 11 pattern
10 or 12 of
10 or 14 aid
12 of 13 hearing
14 aid 15 use

conclusions : while the australian anl test showed several similar characteristics to previous versions of the test , low test - retest reliability raised questions about its clinical value as a predictor for long - term hearing aid use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 while
2 : 12 to
3 while 7 test
3 while 8 showed
4 the 7 test
5 australian 7 test
6 anl 7 test
7 test 8 showed
8 showed 11 characteristics
9 several 11 characteristics
10 similar 11 characteristics
12 to 14 versions
13 previous 14 versions
14 versions 15 of
15 of 17 test
16 the 17 test
18 , 20 test
18 , 21 -
19 low 20 test
21 - 22 retest
22 retest 25 questions
22 retest 26 about
22 retest 30 as
23 reliability 24 raised
24 raised 25 questions
26 about 29 value
27 its 29 value
28 clinical 29 value
30 as 32 predictor
31 a 32 predictor
32 predictor 33 for
33 for 39 use
34 long 35 -
34 long 36 term
36 term 37 hearing
37 hearing 39 use
38 aid 39 use

objective : to examine associations [between] audiological and [non] - audiological factors and successful hearing aid use in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 audiological
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 associations
8 and 10 -
8 and 16 aid
10 - 13 and
11 audiological 12 factors
12 factors 13 and
13 and 15 hearing
13 and 16 aid
14 successful 15 hearing
16 aid 17 use
16 aid 18 in
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

design : in a retrospective study , audiological factors , attitudinal beliefs ( as [derived] from the health belief model ) , client demographics , psychological factors , and age - related factors were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 study
4 a 6 study
5 retrospective 6 study
6 study 9 factors
7 , 9 factors
8 audiological 9 factors
9 factors 12 beliefs
9 factors 22 ,
10 , 12 beliefs
11 attitudinal 12 beliefs
12 beliefs 14 as
12 beliefs 22 ,
13 ( 14 as
14 as 16 from
14 as 21 )
16 from 20 model
17 the 20 model
18 health 20 model
19 belief 20 model
22 , 29 and
22 , 34 were
23 client 24 demographics
24 demographics 25 ,
25 , 27 factors
25 , 29 and
26 psychological 27 factors
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 age
29 and 34 were
31 - 32 related
32 related 33 factors
32 related 34 were
34 were 35 evaluated

study sample : participants included 160 individuals , 60 years or older , with unilateral or bilateral hearing impairment ( hi ) , fitted with hearing aids for the first time in the previous two years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 study 2 sample
2 sample 3 :
3 : 4 participants
4 participants 5 included
5 included 11 or
6 160 7 individuals
7 individuals 8 ,
8 , 10 years
8 , 11 or
9 60 10 years
11 or 12 older
12 older 14 with
13 , 14 with
14 with 19 impairment
14 with 37 .
15 unilateral 16 or
16 or 18 hearing
16 or 19 impairment
17 bilateral 18 hearing
19 impairment 21 hi
19 impairment 24 fitted
20 ( 21 hi
21 hi 22 )
23 , 24 fitted
24 fitted 25 with
24 fitted 37 .
25 with 27 aids
26 hearing 27 aids
27 aids 28 for
28 for 31 time
29 the 30 first
29 the 31 time
31 time 32 in
32 in 36 years
33 the 36 years
34 previous 36 years
35 two 36 years

participants were assigned to either an unsuccessful hearing aid owner group ( n=75 ) [or] a successful hearing aid owner group ( n=85 ) based on their self - reported hearing aid use and benefit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assigned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 assigned
3 assigned 4 to
3 assigned 11 group
3 assigned 26 on
4 to 5 either
6 an 7 unsuccessful
6 an 11 group
7 unsuccessful 11 group
8 hearing 9 aid
9 aid 11 group
10 owner 11 group
11 group 13 n=75
11 group 25 based
12 ( 13 n=75
13 n=75 14 )
16 a 21 group
17 successful 18 hearing
18 hearing 19 aid
19 aid 21 group
20 owner 21 group
21 group 23 n=85
21 group 25 based
22 ( 23 n=85
23 n=85 24 )
26 on 28 self
27 their 28 self
29 - 30 reported
30 reported 34 and
31 hearing 32 aid
32 aid 33 use
33 use 34 and
34 and 35 benefit

conclusions : these findings highlight the importance of addressing [non] - audiological factors in order to assist older adults achieve success with hearing aids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 highlight
2 : 11 -
2 : 25 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 highlight
5 highlight 7 importance
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
8 of 9 addressing
11 - 13 factors
11 - 20 achieve
12 audiological 13 factors
13 factors 14 in
13 factors 20 achieve
14 in 15 order
15 order 16 to
15 order 17 assist
16 to 17 assist
17 assist 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
20 achieve 21 success
20 achieve 22 with
22 with 23 hearing
23 hearing 24 aids

objective : the aim of this study was to analyse the content , design , and readability of printed hearing aid user guides to determine their suitability for older adults , who are the main users of hearing aids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 19 printed
2 : 31 ,
2 : 33 are
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 18 of
4 aim 19 printed
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 analyse
9 to 10 analyse
10 analyse 16 and
11 the 16 and
12 content 13 ,
12 content 14 design
14 design 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 readability
16 and 18 of
19 printed 23 guides
19 printed 24 to
20 hearing 23 guides
21 aid 22 user
22 user 23 guides
24 to 25 determine
25 determine 27 suitability
25 determine 28 for
26 their 27 suitability
28 for 30 adults
29 older 30 adults
31 , 32 who
31 , 33 are
32 who 33 are
33 are 36 users
33 are 37 of
34 the 36 users
35 main 36 users
37 of 38 hearing
38 hearing 39 aids

design : hearing aid user guides were assessed using four readability formulae and a standardized tool to assess content and design ( sam - suitability assessment of materials ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 hearing
3 hearing 4 aid
4 aid 6 guides
4 aid 18 assess
5 user 6 guides
6 guides 7 were
7 were 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 using
9 using 13 and
9 using 17 to
9 using 18 assess
10 four 11 readability
11 readability 12 formulae
12 formulae 13 and
13 and 16 tool
14 a 16 tool
15 standardized 16 tool
17 to 18 assess
18 assess 20 and
19 content 20 and
20 and 21 design
20 and 23 sam
22 ( 23 sam
23 sam 26 assessment
23 sam 30 .
24 - 26 assessment
25 suitability 26 assessment
26 assessment 27 of
26 assessment 29 )
27 of 28 materials

study sample : a sample of 36 hearing aid user guides ( four user guides from nine different hearing aid manufacturers ) were analysed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 study 2 sample
2 sample 3 :
3 : 5 sample
4 a 5 sample
5 sample 6 of
6 of 7 36
7 36 8 hearing
8 hearing 11 guides
8 hearing 24 analysed
9 aid 11 guides
10 user 11 guides
11 guides 15 guides
11 guides 23 were
12 ( 15 guides
13 four 15 guides
14 user 15 guides
15 guides 16 from
15 guides 22 )
16 from 21 manufacturers
17 nine 21 manufacturers
18 different 19 hearing
19 hearing 20 aid
20 aid 21 manufacturers
23 were 24 analysed
24 analysed 25 .

results : sixty nine percent of user guides were [rated] ['] not suitable ['] and 31 % were rated ['] adequate ['] for their suitability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 percent
2 : 9 were
2 : 15 and
2 : 26 .
3 sixty 4 nine
4 nine 5 percent
5 percent 6 of
5 percent 9 were
6 of 8 guides
7 user 8 guides
9 were 12 not
9 were 13 suitable
15 and 17 %
15 and 19 rated
16 31 17 %
17 % 18 were
18 were 19 rated
19 rated 21 adequate
21 adequate 23 for
23 for 25 suitability
24 their 25 suitability

many scored poorly for scope , vocabulary , aspects of layout [and] typography , and learning stimulation and motivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 many 2 scored
1 many 6 ,
2 scored 3 poorly
2 scored 4 for
4 for 5 scope
6 , 7 vocabulary
6 , 8 ,
8 , 9 aspects
8 , 15 and
9 aspects 10 of
10 of 13 typography
11 layout 13 typography
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 stimulation
15 and 18 and
16 learning 17 stimulation
18 and 19 motivation

the mean reading grade level for all user guides was grade 9.6 which is too high for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 mean
2 mean 3 reading
2 mean 10 was
3 reading 4 grade
3 reading 5 level
3 reading 6 for
6 for 9 guides
7 all 9 guides
8 user 9 guides
10 was 11 grade
11 grade 12 9.6
11 grade 13 which
11 grade 14 is
13 which 14 is
14 is 15 too
14 is 16 high
16 high 17 for
17 for 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

conclusion : the content , design , and readability of hearing aid user guides are not optimal for older adults and thus [may] serve as a barrier to successful hearing aid outcomes for this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 content
3 the 4 content
4 content 6 design
5 , 6 design
6 design 7 ,
8 and 9 readability
8 and 15 are
9 readability 10 of
9 readability 15 are
10 of 11 hearing
11 hearing 14 guides
12 aid 14 guides
13 user 14 guides
15 are 16 not
15 are 21 and
15 are 25 as
15 are 28 to
17 optimal 18 for
17 optimal 21 and
18 for 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 and 22 thus
21 and 24 serve
25 as 27 barrier
26 a 27 barrier
28 to 32 outcomes
29 successful 32 outcomes
30 hearing 32 outcomes
31 aid 32 outcomes
32 outcomes 33 for
33 for 35 population
34 this 35 population

objectives : to review the current status of dental curricula on elder care , and the current curricula regarding elder care , and it 's effect on altering practitioner behaviors while addressing the needs of a growing north american elder population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 review
2 : 15 and
3 to 4 review
4 review 7 status
5 the 7 status
6 current 7 status
7 status 8 of
8 of 10 curricula
9 dental 10 curricula
10 curricula 11 on
11 on 13 care
12 elder 13 care
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 curricula
15 and 25 's
16 the 18 curricula
17 current 18 curricula
18 curricula 19 regarding
18 curricula 25 's
19 regarding 23 and
20 elder 21 care
21 care 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 it
25 's 26 effect
25 's 27 on
25 's 31 while
27 on 28 altering
28 altering 30 behaviors
29 practitioner 30 behaviors
31 while 32 addressing
32 addressing 34 needs
33 the 34 needs
34 needs 35 of
35 of 41 population
36 a 41 population
37 growing 39 american
38 north 39 american
39 american 41 population
40 elder 41 population

background : an impending crisis is looming over the oral [healthcare] of our aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 5 crisis
2 : 6 is
3 an 4 impending
4 impending 5 crisis
5 crisis 6 is
6 is 7 looming
7 looming 8 over
8 over 10 oral
9 the 10 oral
10 oral 12 of
12 of 14 aging
13 our 14 aging
14 aging 15 population

at the same moment that life expectancy is being extended through increasingly complex healthcare improvements , the numbers of trained dental providers capable and interested in delivering the needed care is failing to grow at an adequate rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 complex
1 at 4 moment
1 at 13 complex
2 the 3 same
2 the 4 moment
4 moment 5 that
5 that 7 expectancy
5 that 10 extended
6 life 7 expectancy
7 expectancy 8 is
8 is 9 being
9 being 10 extended
10 extended 11 through
12 increasingly 13 complex
13 complex 15 improvements
14 healthcare 15 improvements
15 improvements 22 providers
16 , 22 providers
17 the 18 numbers
18 numbers 19 of
18 numbers 22 providers
19 of 22 providers
20 trained 22 providers
21 dental 22 providers
22 providers 24 and
22 providers 30 care
22 providers 31 is
22 providers 32 failing
22 providers 39 .
23 capable 24 and
24 and 25 interested
25 interested 26 in
26 in 27 delivering
28 the 30 care
29 needed 30 care
30 care 31 is
32 failing 33 to
32 failing 34 grow
33 to 34 grow
34 grow 35 at
35 at 38 rate
36 an 38 rate
37 adequate 38 rate

discussion : the skills necessary to manage these increasingly complex patients require an interprofessional approach capable of delivering care to sicker patients , in a variety of living accommodations , while managing a variety of care givers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 4 skills
2 : 12 require
3 the 4 skills
4 skills 5 necessary
4 skills 12 require
5 necessary 6 to
5 necessary 7 manage
6 to 7 manage
7 manage 11 patients
8 these 11 patients
9 increasingly 10 complex
10 complex 11 patients
12 require 15 approach
12 require 37 givers
13 an 14 interprofessional
13 an 15 approach
14 interprofessional 15 approach
15 approach 16 capable
15 approach 37 givers
16 capable 17 of
17 of 18 delivering
18 delivering 19 care
18 delivering 20 to
18 delivering 31 while
20 to 22 patients
21 sicker 22 patients
22 patients 24 in
23 , 24 in
24 in 26 variety
24 in 30 ,
25 a 26 variety
26 variety 27 of
27 of 29 accommodations
28 living 29 accommodations
31 while 32 managing
32 managing 34 variety
33 a 34 variety
34 variety 35 of
35 of 36 care

the dental skills necessary to [treat] these elderly are modifications of skills students routinely learn in dental school . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 skills
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 skills
2 dental 3 skills
3 skills 4 necessary
3 skills 9 are
4 necessary 5 to
5 to 8 elderly
7 these 8 elderly
9 are 10 modifications
9 are 16 in
10 modifications 11 of
10 modifications 13 students
10 modifications 15 learn
11 of 12 skills
13 students 15 learn
14 routinely 15 learn
16 in 18 school
17 dental 18 school

as a matter of fact , the skills students acquire to treat an adult patient population may be contrary to the basic skills necessary to manage the elderly dependent adult patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 skills
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 manage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 as 3 matter
1 as 6 ,
1 as 8 skills
2 a 3 matter
3 matter 4 of
4 of 5 fact
7 the 8 skills
8 skills 9 students
8 skills 10 acquire
8 skills 17 may
9 students 10 acquire
10 acquire 11 to
11 to 12 treat
12 treat 16 population
13 an 16 population
14 adult 15 patient
15 patient 16 population
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 contrary
19 contrary 20 to
20 to 23 skills
21 the 23 skills
22 basic 23 skills
23 skills 24 necessary
24 necessary 25 to
24 necessary 26 manage
25 to 26 manage
26 manage 31 patient
27 the 31 patient
28 elderly 31 patient
29 dependent 30 adult
30 adult 31 patient

teaching students the nuance differences needed to properly diagnose and care for this population is a difficult task that must be taught in a contextual environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 teaching
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 teaching 2 students
1 teaching 4 nuance
1 teaching 10 and
1 teaching 12 for
1 teaching 15 is
3 the 4 nuance
4 nuance 5 differences
4 nuance 9 diagnose
5 differences 6 needed
6 needed 7 to
6 needed 9 diagnose
7 to 9 diagnose
8 properly 9 diagnose
10 and 11 care
12 for 14 population
13 this 14 population
15 is 18 task
16 a 17 difficult
16 a 18 task
17 difficult 18 task
18 task 19 that
18 task 20 must
19 that 20 must
20 must 21 be
21 be 22 taught
22 taught 23 in
23 in 26 environment
24 a 25 contextual
24 a 26 environment
25 contextual 26 environment

conclusion : significant changes in the teaching of dental management of the elderly are critical within much of the education community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 changes
2 : 14 are
2 : 22 .
3 significant 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 14 are
5 in 7 teaching
6 the 7 teaching
7 teaching 8 of
8 of 10 management
9 dental 10 management
10 management 11 of
11 of 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly
14 are 15 critical
15 critical 16 within
16 within 17 much
17 much 18 of
18 of 21 community
19 the 21 community
20 education 21 community

just as teaching students to care for the pediatric population as general dentists , the clinical education must involve a sufficient number of quality experiences to address issues of both competency , that of the graduate to perform [care] independently , and attitudes , the [actually] willingness to treat the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 involve
1 just 2 as
1 just 5 to
1 just 7 for
1 just 14 ,
1 just 17 education
2 as 4 students
3 teaching 4 students
5 to 6 care
7 for 10 population
8 the 10 population
9 pediatric 10 population
10 population 11 as
11 as 13 dentists
12 general 13 dentists
15 the 17 education
16 clinical 17 education
17 education 18 must
18 must 19 involve
19 involve 25 experiences
19 involve 26 to
20 a 22 number
21 sufficient 22 number
22 number 23 of
22 number 25 experiences
23 of 25 experiences
24 quality 25 experiences
26 to 27 address
27 address 28 issues
28 issues 29 of
29 of 42 and
30 both 42 and
31 competency 32 ,
32 , 33 that
32 , 42 and
33 that 34 of
34 of 36 graduate
35 the 36 graduate
36 graduate 37 to
36 graduate 38 perform
37 to 38 perform
38 perform 40 independently
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 attitudes
42 and 44 ,
42 and 47 willingness
44 , 47 willingness
45 the 47 willingness
47 willingness 48 to
47 willingness 49 treat
47 willingness 52 .
48 to 49 treat
49 treat 51 elderly
50 the 51 elderly

objective : this paper reviews potential age - associated risk factors for satisfactory oral function [and] oral disease to inform the development of care pathways for the older person . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 7 age
2 : 8 -
3 this 7 age
4 paper 7 age
5 reviews 6 potential
6 potential 7 age
8 - 10 risk
8 - 11 factors
9 associated 10 risk
10 risk 11 factors
11 factors 12 for
11 factors 19 to
11 factors 25 pathways
11 factors 26 for
12 for 18 disease
13 satisfactory 18 disease
14 oral 18 disease
15 function 17 oral
17 oral 18 disease
19 to 20 inform
20 inform 22 development
20 inform 23 of
21 the 22 development
23 of 24 care
26 for 29 person
27 the 29 person
28 older 29 person

background : alterations in dental status or both physical and biological change associated with age can impact on oral disease and oral function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 7 or
3 alterations 4 in
3 alterations 7 or
4 in 6 status
5 dental 6 status
7 or 8 both
7 or 12 change
7 or 17 impact
9 physical 10 and
10 and 11 biological
10 and 12 change
12 change 13 associated
12 change 14 with
12 change 16 can
14 with 15 age
16 can 17 impact
17 impact 18 on
18 on 21 and
19 oral 20 disease
20 disease 21 and
21 and 23 function
22 oral 23 function

materials and methods : older people tend to have fewer teeth and some are edentulous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 people
4 : 7 tend
4 : 12 and
4 : 16 .
5 older 6 people
6 people 7 tend
7 tend 8 to
7 tend 9 have
8 to 9 have
9 have 11 teeth
10 fewer 11 teeth
12 and 13 some
12 and 14 are
13 some 14 are
14 are 15 edentulous

physical and biological changes in bodily function [with] age can also affect oral health care either directly or indirectly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 physical 2 and
2 and 3 biological
2 and 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 10 can
5 in 9 age
6 bodily 7 function
7 function 9 age
10 can 12 affect
11 also 12 affect
12 affect 15 care
12 affect 16 either
12 affect 18 or
13 oral 14 health
14 health 15 care
17 directly 18 or
18 or 19 indirectly

results : reductions in chewing ability impact on the foods people choose to eat because of perceived difficulty with chewing , with a potentially deleterious [affect] [on] dietary quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 reductions
3 reductions 4 in
3 reductions 19 with
4 in 5 chewing
5 chewing 7 impact
6 ability 7 impact
7 impact 8 on
8 on 10 foods
9 the 10 foods
10 foods 11 people
10 foods 14 eat
11 people 12 choose
12 choose 13 to
12 choose 14 eat
13 to 14 eat
14 eat 16 of
15 because 16 of
16 of 18 difficulty
17 perceived 18 difficulty
19 with 20 chewing
20 chewing 22 with
21 , 22 with
22 with 29 quality
22 with 30 .
23 a 29 quality
24 potentially 25 deleterious
25 deleterious 29 quality
28 dietary 29 quality

this is worse in people with xerostomia where [chewing] and swallowing are impaired anyway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 worse
3 worse 4 in
4 in 5 people
5 people 6 with
5 people 13 impaired
6 with 7 xerostomia
7 xerostomia 10 and
7 xerostomia 12 are
8 where 10 and
10 and 11 swallowing
10 and 12 are
13 impaired 14 anyway

change in the cell - mediated inflammatory response impacts on gingival and periodontal disease manifestation and progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 change 2 in
2 in 4 cell
3 the 4 cell
5 - 9 impacts
6 mediated 8 response
7 inflammatory 8 response
8 response 9 impacts
9 impacts 10 on
10 on 16 and
11 gingival 12 and
12 and 15 manifestation
12 and 16 and
13 periodontal 14 disease
14 disease 15 manifestation
16 and 17 progression

sarcopenia makes the physical act of toothbrushing more challenging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 makes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 sarcopenia 2 makes
2 makes 5 act
2 makes 9 challenging
3 the 5 act
4 physical 5 act
5 act 6 of
6 of 7 toothbrushing
8 more 9 challenging

caries remains a clinical problem that affects both the crowns and the roots of teeth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 caries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 caries 2 remains
2 remains 5 problem
3 a 4 clinical
3 a 5 problem
4 clinical 5 problem
5 problem 6 that
5 problem 7 affects
6 that 7 affects
7 affects 11 and
8 both 11 and
9 the 10 crowns
10 crowns 11 and
11 and 13 roots
11 and 14 of
12 the 13 roots
14 of 15 teeth

coronal lesions tend to be around existing restorations where there is no evidence base about care/prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lesions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 coronal 2 lesions
2 lesions 3 tend
3 tend 4 to
3 tend 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 around
5 be 14 base
6 around 8 restorations
7 existing 8 restorations
8 restorations 9 where
9 where 10 there
9 where 11 is
10 there 11 is
11 is 13 evidence
12 no 13 evidence
14 base 15 about
15 about 16 care/prevention

conclusion : the physical and clinical changes that occur with ageing require an altered pattern of care for older people which is adjusted to their disease risk and encourage diversity of foods consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 12 require
3 the 4 physical
4 physical 5 and
5 and 7 changes
5 and 8 that
5 and 9 occur
5 and 12 require
6 clinical 7 changes
8 that 9 occur
9 occur 10 with
10 with 11 ageing
12 require 15 pattern
13 an 15 pattern
14 altered 15 pattern
15 pattern 16 of
15 pattern 21 which
15 pattern 22 is
16 of 17 care
17 care 18 for
18 for 20 people
19 older 20 people
21 which 22 is
22 is 28 and
23 adjusted 24 to
23 adjusted 28 and
24 to 27 risk
25 their 27 risk
26 disease 27 risk
28 and 29 encourage
29 encourage 30 diversity
30 diversity 31 of
31 of 33 consumption
32 foods 33 consumption

this article presents a brief introduction to the medical aspects of ageing and age - related diseases , and to some geriatric syndromes , followed by a discussion on their impact on general and oral healthcare provision to community [-] dwelling older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 24 ,
3 presents 6 introduction
3 presents 19 and
3 presents 24 ,
4 a 6 introduction
5 brief 6 introduction
7 to 13 and
7 to 19 and
8 the 10 aspects
9 medical 10 aspects
10 aspects 11 of
10 aspects 13 and
11 of 12 ageing
13 and 14 age
13 and 17 diseases
15 - 17 diseases
16 related 17 diseases
17 diseases 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 to
20 to 23 syndromes
21 some 23 syndromes
22 geriatric 23 syndromes
24 , 25 followed
24 , 26 by
24 , 29 on
26 by 28 discussion
27 a 28 discussion
29 on 31 impact
30 their 31 impact
31 impact 32 on
31 impact 38 to
32 on 37 provision
33 general 34 and
34 and 35 oral
34 and 37 provision
36 healthcare 37 provision
38 to 43 people
39 community 41 dwelling
41 dwelling 43 people
42 older 43 people

recent investigations suggest that inflammation constitutes a biological foundation of ageing and the onset of age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 recent 2 investigations
2 investigations 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 inflammation
3 suggest 6 constitutes
4 that 5 inflammation
5 inflammation 6 constitutes
6 constitutes 9 foundation
7 a 8 biological
7 a 9 foundation
8 biological 9 foundation
9 foundation 10 of
9 foundation 15 of
10 of 12 and
11 ageing 12 and
12 and 14 onset
13 the 14 onset
15 of 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 diseases
18 related 20 .

multimorbidity and polypharmacy , together with alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics , make older people at risk of adverse medication reactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 multimorbidity 2 and
2 and 3 polypharmacy
2 and 6 with
2 and 13 make
4 , 6 with
5 together 6 with
6 with 7 alterations
6 with 12 ,
7 alterations 8 in
8 in 10 and
9 pharmacokinetics 10 and
10 and 11 pharmacodynamics
13 make 15 people
13 make 16 at
14 older 15 people
16 at 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 21 reactions
19 adverse 20 medication
20 medication 21 reactions

a side effect of several medications is causing xerostomia and hyposalivation , and both the type and number of medications used are relevant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 3 effect
2 side 3 effect
3 effect 4 of
3 effect 7 is
4 of 6 medications
5 several 6 medications
7 is 8 causing
8 causing 10 and
9 xerostomia 10 and
10 and 11 hyposalivation
12 , 13 and
13 and 17 and
13 and 22 are
14 both 17 and
15 the 16 type
16 type 17 and
17 and 18 number
17 and 19 of
17 and 22 are
19 of 20 medications
20 medications 21 used
22 are 23 relevant

new options of general healthcare provision to community [-] dwelling older people are the use of mobility aids and assistive technology devices , domiciliary health care , respite care and telecare . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 new 2 options
2 options 3 of
2 options 13 are
3 of 6 provision
4 general 6 provision
5 healthcare 6 provision
6 provision 7 to
7 to 12 people
8 community 10 dwelling
10 dwelling 12 people
11 older 12 people
13 are 19 and
14 the 19 and
15 use 16 of
15 use 19 and
16 of 18 aids
17 mobility 18 aids
19 and 22 devices
20 assistive 21 technology
21 technology 22 devices
23 , 30 and
24 domiciliary 26 care
25 health 26 care
26 care 27 ,
27 , 29 care
27 , 30 and
28 respite 29 care
30 and 31 telecare

their oral health status may be jeopardised by frailty , disability , care dependency and limited access to professional oral health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 jeopardised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 their 4 status
2 oral 4 status
3 health 4 status
4 status 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 jeopardised
7 jeopardised 8 by
7 jeopardised 18 to
8 by 15 and
9 frailty 10 ,
10 , 11 disability
10 , 12 ,
12 , 14 dependency
12 , 15 and
13 care 14 dependency
15 and 17 access
16 limited 17 access
18 to 22 care
19 professional 22 care
20 oral 22 care
21 health 22 care

recommendations for improvement are the following : better integrating oral health care into general health care , developing and implementing an oral healthcare guideline , providing customised oral hygiene care aids , domiciliary oral healthcare provision , visiting dental hygienists [and/or] nurses , oral hygiene telecare , [easily] and safely accessible dental offices , transforming dentistry into medical oral health care and upgrading dentists to oral physicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recommendations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 recommendations 2 for
1 recommendations 4 are
2 for 3 improvement
4 are 6 following
5 the 6 following
7 : 12 care
7 : 17 ,
8 better 10 oral
9 integrating 10 oral
10 oral 11 health
11 health 12 care
12 care 13 into
13 into 16 care
14 general 16 care
15 health 16 care
17 , 19 and
18 developing 19 and
19 and 20 implementing
19 and 24 guideline
19 and 27 customised
21 an 22 oral
21 an 24 guideline
22 oral 24 guideline
23 healthcare 24 guideline
24 guideline 26 providing
24 guideline 27 customised
25 , 26 providing
27 customised 29 hygiene
28 oral 29 hygiene
29 hygiene 30 care
29 hygiene 31 aids
29 hygiene 36 provision
29 hygiene 38 visiting
30 care 31 aids
32 , 36 provision
33 domiciliary 36 provision
34 oral 36 provision
35 healthcare 36 provision
36 provision 37 ,
37 , 38 visiting
38 visiting 49 and
39 dental 42 nurses
40 hygienists 42 nurses
42 nurses 43 ,
43 , 46 telecare
43 , 49 and
44 oral 46 telecare
45 hygiene 46 telecare
47 , 49 and
49 and 53 offices
49 and 54 ,
49 and 55 transforming
50 safely 51 accessible
51 accessible 53 offices
52 dental 53 offices
55 transforming 56 dentistry
56 dentistry 57 into
57 into 62 and
58 medical 61 care
59 oral 61 care
60 health 61 care
61 care 62 and
62 and 64 dentists
62 and 68 .
63 upgrading 64 dentists
64 dentists 65 to
65 to 67 physicians
66 oral 67 physicians

in case oral healthcare providers do not take the responsibility of persuading society of the importance of adequate oral health , weakened oral health of community [-] dwelling older people will become a potential new geriatric syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 case
2 case 5 providers
2 case 21 ,
2 case 24 health
3 oral 5 providers
4 healthcare 5 providers
5 providers 6 do
6 do 7 not
6 do 21 ,
8 take 10 responsibility
8 take 21 ,
9 the 10 responsibility
10 responsibility 11 of
11 of 12 persuading
12 persuading 13 society
13 society 14 of
14 of 16 importance
15 the 16 importance
16 importance 17 of
17 of 20 health
18 adequate 20 health
19 oral 20 health
21 , 22 weakened
22 weakened 23 oral
24 health 25 of
24 health 31 will
25 of 30 people
26 community 28 dwelling
28 dwelling 30 people
29 older 30 people
31 will 32 become
32 become 37 syndrome
33 a 37 syndrome
34 potential 37 syndrome
35 new 37 syndrome
36 geriatric 37 syndrome

objective : to evaluate the combined effects of material type , surface treatment , and thermocycling on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to materials used for the fabrication of provisional crowns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 11 ,
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 effects
4 evaluate 10 type
5 the 7 effects
6 combined 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
7 effects 10 type
8 of 9 material
11 , 15 and
12 surface 13 treatment
13 treatment 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 thermocycling
16 thermocycling 17 on
17 on 20 strength
18 the 20 strength
19 bond 20 strength
20 strength 21 of
21 of 23 brackets
22 orthodontic 23 brackets
23 brackets 24 to
23 brackets 26 used
23 brackets 27 for
23 brackets 30 of
24 to 25 materials
27 for 29 fabrication
28 the 29 fabrication
30 of 32 crowns
31 provisional 32 crowns

materials and methods : four materials were included in this study ( protemp , trim plus , trim ii , and superpont c+b ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 materials
4 : 8 included
5 four 6 materials
6 materials 7 were
7 were 8 included
8 included 9 in
9 in 11 study
10 this 11 study
11 study 21 and
12 ( 21 and
13 protemp 14 ,
14 , 16 plus
14 , 17 ,
15 trim 16 plus
17 , 18 trim
17 , 21 and
18 trim 19 ii
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 c+b
21 and 24 )
22 superpont 23 c+b

sixty cylindrical specimens ( 1 × [3] cm ) were prepared from each material and equally divided into three groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 sixty 3 specimens
2 cylindrical 3 specimens
3 specimens 8 cm
3 specimens 10 were
4 ( 8 cm
5 1 8 cm
6 × 8 cm
8 cm 9 )
10 were 15 and
11 prepared 12 from
11 prepared 15 and
12 from 14 material
13 each 14 material
15 and 17 divided
15 and 18 into
16 equally 17 divided
18 into 20 groups
19 three 20 groups

the first group was ground with silica carbide paper , the second was polished with pumice , and the last group was sandblasted with 50 - µm aluminum oxide particles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ground
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 the 3 group
2 first 3 group
3 group 4 was
4 was 5 ground
5 ground 6 with
6 with 9 paper
7 silica 8 carbide
8 carbide 9 paper
10 , 12 second
10 , 13 was
10 , 18 and
11 the 12 second
12 second 13 was
13 was 14 polished
14 polished 15 with
15 with 16 pumice
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 group
18 and 23 sandblasted
19 the 20 last
19 the 21 group
21 group 22 was
22 was 23 sandblasted
23 sandblasted 24 with
24 with 25 50
25 50 30 particles
26 - 30 particles
27 µm 28 aluminum
28 aluminum 30 particles
29 oxide 30 particles
30 particles 31 .

stainless - steel maxillary central incisor brackets ( victory series , 3 m ) were bonded to the provisional material specimens with transbond xt light - cured composite resin , and half of the specimens from each group were thermocycled 500 times in 5 °c and 55 °c water baths . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 steel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 bonded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
1 stainless 2 -
1 stainless 3 steel
3 steel 7 brackets
3 steel 15 were
3 steel 16 bonded
4 maxillary 6 incisor
5 central 6 incisor
6 incisor 7 brackets
7 brackets 10 series
7 brackets 15 were
8 ( 10 series
9 victory 10 series
10 series 13 m
10 series 14 )
11 , 13 m
12 3 13 m
13 m 14 )
16 bonded 17 to
16 bonded 22 with
17 to 21 specimens
18 the 21 specimens
19 provisional 20 material
20 material 21 specimens
22 with 25 light
23 transbond 24 xt
24 xt 25 light
25 light 29 resin
26 - 29 resin
27 cured 28 composite
28 composite 29 resin
29 resin 30 ,
31 and 32 half
31 and 39 were
32 half 33 of
32 half 36 from
32 half 39 were
33 of 35 specimens
34 the 35 specimens
36 from 38 group
37 each 38 group
39 were 46 and
40 thermocycled 42 times
41 500 42 times
42 times 43 in
42 times 46 and
43 in 45 °c
44 5 45 °c
46 and 50 baths
46 and 51 .
47 55 48 °c
48 °c 50 baths
49 water 50 baths

then the brackets were debonded with [shear] testing , and the results were statistically analyzed by three - way analysis of variance and tukey 's multiple - comparison tests at α = 0.05 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brackets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 debonded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 then 3 brackets
2 the 3 brackets
3 brackets 4 were
4 were 5 debonded
5 debonded 6 with
6 with 8 testing
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 results
10 and 15 analyzed
11 the 12 results
12 results 13 were
13 were 15 analyzed
14 statistically 15 analyzed
15 analyzed 16 by
16 by 17 three
17 three 23 and
18 - 23 and
19 way 20 analysis
20 analysis 21 of
20 analysis 23 and
21 of 22 variance
23 and 26 multiple
23 and 27 -
23 and 28 comparison
23 and 32 =
23 and 34 .
24 tukey 25 's
25 's 26 multiple
28 comparison 29 tests
29 tests 30 at
29 tests 32 =
30 at 31 α
32 = 33 0.05

adhesive remnant index ( ari ) was also identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ari
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 adhesive 2 remnant
2 remnant 3 index
3 index 5 ari
4 ( 5 ari
5 ari 6 )
5 ari 7 was
7 was 8 also
7 was 9 identified

results : before and after thermocycling , protemp materials showed the highest shear bond strength with orthodontic brackets ( 10.3 and 13.1 mpa , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 materials
2 : 10 showed
2 : 27 .
3 before 4 and
4 and 5 after
4 and 7 ,
4 and 9 materials
5 after 6 thermocycling
8 protemp 9 materials
9 materials 10 showed
10 showed 12 highest
10 showed 13 shear
11 the 12 highest
12 highest 13 shear
13 shear 15 strength
13 shear 16 with
13 shear 25 respectively
14 bond 15 strength
16 with 18 brackets
17 orthodontic 18 brackets
18 brackets 23 mpa
19 ( 23 mpa
20 10.3 21 and
21 and 22 13.1
21 and 23 mpa
23 mpa 24 ,
24 , 25 respectively
25 respectively 26 )

the statistical analysis indicated an interaction among the three independent variables ( p < [.] 05 [ )(and statistically significant differences in bond strength among provisional materials ( p < [.] 001 ) , surface treatments ( p < [.] 001 ) , and thermocycling [(] p < . 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 analysis
2 statistical 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 indicated
4 indicated 18 )(and
5 an 6 interaction
6 interaction 7 among
6 interaction 18 )(and
7 among 11 variables
8 the 9 three
9 three 11 variables
10 independent 11 variables
11 variables 14 <
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 16 05
18 )(and 21 differences
18 )(and 43 ,
19 statistically 20 significant
20 significant 21 differences
21 differences 22 in
22 in 24 strength
23 bond 24 strength
24 strength 25 among
25 among 27 materials
26 provisional 27 materials
27 materials 30 <
27 materials 36 treatments
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 32 001
30 < 33 )
34 , 36 treatments
35 surface 36 treatments
36 treatments 39 <
36 treatments 43 ,
37 ( 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 41 001
39 < 42 )
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 thermocycling
44 and 48 <
45 thermocycling 47 p
45 thermocycling 48 <
49 . 50 05
49 . 52 )(

according to the ari , most groups demonstrated adhesive failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 ari
2 to 5 ,
2 to 7 groups
3 the 4 ari
6 most 7 groups
7 groups 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 10 failure
9 adhesive 10 failure

conclusions : the provisional material type , surface treatment , and artificial aging have a significant effect on bond strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 type
2 : 7 ,
2 : 21 .
3 the 6 type
4 provisional 5 material
5 material 6 type
7 , 11 and
7 , 14 have
8 surface 9 treatment
9 treatment 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 artificial
11 and 13 aging
11 and 14 have
14 have 17 effect
14 have 18 on
15 a 16 significant
15 a 17 effect
16 significant 17 effect
18 on 20 strength
19 bond 20 strength

sandblasting treatment exerts a beneficial effect on [shear] bond strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sandblasting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exerts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 sandblasting 2 treatment
1 sandblasting 3 exerts
3 exerts 6 effect
3 exerts 7 on
4 a 5 beneficial
4 a 6 effect
5 beneficial 6 effect
7 on 10 strength
9 bond 10 strength

the " guidelines for psychological practice with older adults " are intended to assist psychologists in evaluating their own readiness for working with older adults and in seeking and using appropriate education and training to increase their knowledge , skills , and experience relevant to this area of practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 intended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 "
1 the 9 adults
3 guidelines 4 for
3 guidelines 6 practice
4 for 5 psychological
6 practice 7 with
7 with 8 older
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 "
9 adults 11 are
11 are 12 intended
12 intended 13 to
12 intended 14 assist
13 to 14 assist
14 assist 15 psychologists
15 psychologists 16 in
15 psychologists 21 for
16 in 17 evaluating
17 evaluating 20 readiness
18 their 19 own
18 their 20 readiness
21 for 22 working
22 working 26 and
22 working 35 to
22 working 38 knowledge
23 with 25 adults
23 with 26 and
24 older 25 adults
26 and 27 in
27 in 33 and
28 seeking 29 and
29 and 32 education
29 and 33 and
30 using 32 education
31 appropriate 32 education
33 and 34 training
35 to 36 increase
37 their 38 knowledge
39 , 42 and
40 skills 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 experience
43 experience 44 relevant
43 experience 48 of
44 relevant 45 to
45 to 47 area
46 this 47 area
48 of 49 practice

the specific goals of these professional practice guidelines are to provide practitioners with [(] a [ )( frame of reference for engaging in clinical work with older adults and [(] [b] [ )(basic information and further references in the areas of attitudes [,] general aspects of aging , clinical issues , assessment , intervention , consultation , professional issues , and continuing education and training relative to work with this group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 goals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
1 the 3 goals
2 specific 3 goals
3 goals 4 of
3 goals 9 are
4 of 8 guidelines
5 these 8 guidelines
6 professional 7 practice
7 practice 8 guidelines
9 are 10 to
9 are 13 with
10 to 11 provide
11 provide 12 practitioners
13 with 18 frame
13 with 21 for
15 a 18 frame
18 frame 19 of
19 of 20 reference
21 for 29 and
22 engaging 23 in
22 engaging 29 and
23 in 25 work
24 clinical 25 work
25 work 26 with
26 with 28 adults
27 older 28 adults
29 and 37 references
29 and 38 in
33 )(basic 34 information
34 information 35 and
35 and 36 further
35 and 37 references
38 in 40 areas
39 the 40 areas
40 areas 41 of
41 of 52 assessment
42 attitudes 52 assessment
44 general 51 ,
44 general 52 assessment
45 aspects 46 of
46 of 47 aging
47 aging 50 issues
48 , 50 issues
49 clinical 50 issues
50 issues 51 ,
52 assessment 64 and
53 , 64 and
54 intervention 55 ,
55 , 56 consultation
55 , 57 ,
57 , 59 issues
57 , 61 and
58 professional 59 issues
60 , 61 and
61 and 63 education
61 and 64 and
62 continuing 63 education
64 and 65 training
64 and 66 relative
64 and 72 .
66 relative 67 to
66 relative 68 work
67 to 68 work
68 work 69 with
69 with 71 group
70 this 71 group

the guidelines [recognize] and [appreciate] that there are numerous methods and pathways whereby psychologists may gain expertise [and/or] [seek] training in working with older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 guidelines
2 guidelines 4 and
4 and 6 that
4 and 7 there
4 and 8 are
8 are 11 and
8 are 13 whereby
8 are 21 in
9 numerous 10 methods
10 methods 11 and
11 and 12 pathways
13 whereby 14 psychologists
13 whereby 16 gain
14 psychologists 15 may
15 may 16 gain
16 gain 20 training
17 expertise 20 training
21 in 22 working
22 working 23 with
23 with 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

this document is designed to offer recommendations on those areas of awareness , knowledge , and clinical skills considered as applicable to this work , rather than prescribing specific training methods to be followed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 document
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 document
2 document 3 is
3 is 4 designed
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 6 offer
5 to 6 offer
6 offer 7 recommendations
6 offer 8 on
6 offer 27 than
6 offer 32 to
8 on 10 areas
9 those 10 areas
10 areas 11 of
10 areas 16 and
11 of 12 awareness
13 , 16 and
14 knowledge 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 skills
16 and 19 considered
16 and 25 ,
17 clinical 18 skills
19 considered 21 applicable
20 as 21 applicable
21 applicable 22 to
22 to 24 work
23 this 24 work
26 rather 27 than
27 than 28 prescribing
28 prescribing 31 methods
29 specific 30 training
30 training 31 methods
32 to 33 be
33 be 34 followed

the guidelines also recognize that some psychologists will specialize in the provision of services to older adults and may therefore seek more extensive training consistent with practicing within the formally recognized specialty of professional geropsychology ( apa , 2010c ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 seek
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 guidelines
2 guidelines 18 and
3 also 4 recognize
4 recognize 5 that
4 recognize 18 and
5 that 7 psychologists
5 that 9 specialize
6 some 7 psychologists
7 psychologists 8 will
8 will 9 specialize
9 specialize 10 in
10 in 12 provision
11 the 12 provision
12 provision 13 of
13 of 14 services
14 services 15 to
15 to 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 and 19 may
19 may 21 seek
20 therefore 21 seek
21 seek 24 training
22 more 23 extensive
23 extensive 24 training
24 training 25 consistent
24 training 33 of
25 consistent 26 with
26 with 27 practicing
27 practicing 28 within
28 within 32 specialty
29 the 32 specialty
30 formally 31 recognized
31 recognized 32 specialty
33 of 37 apa
34 professional 35 geropsychology
35 geropsychology 37 apa
36 ( 37 apa
37 apa 39 2010c
38 , 39 2010c
39 2010c 40 )

objectives : we examined neighborhood [-] level foreclosure rates and their association [with] onset of depressive symptoms in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
2 : 21 .
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 10 and
4 examined 18 in
5 neighborhood 7 level
7 level 8 foreclosure
8 foreclosure 9 rates
9 rates 10 and
10 and 14 onset
10 and 15 of
11 their 14 onset
12 association 14 onset
15 of 17 symptoms
16 depressive 17 symptoms
18 in 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

methods : we linked data from the national social life , health , and aging project ( 2005 - 2006 and 2010 - 2011 waves ) , a longitudinal , nationally representative survey , to data on zip code - level foreclosure rates , and predicted the onset of depressive symptoms using logit - linked regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 linked
2 : 34 ,
3 we 4 linked
4 linked 14 and
4 linked 19 -
5 data 6 from
5 data 14 and
6 from 10 life
7 the 10 life
8 national 9 social
9 social 10 life
10 life 12 health
11 , 12 health
12 health 13 ,
14 and 16 project
15 aging 16 project
17 ( 19 -
18 2005 19 -
19 - 21 and
19 - 34 ,
20 2006 21 and
21 and 22 2010
21 and 25 waves
21 and 33 survey
23 - 25 waves
24 2011 25 waves
25 waves 26 )
27 , 33 survey
28 a 29 longitudinal
28 a 33 survey
29 longitudinal 30 ,
29 longitudinal 33 survey
31 nationally 32 representative
32 representative 33 survey
33 survey 34 ,
34 , 42 foreclosure
34 , 45 and
35 to 36 data
35 to 40 -
35 to 42 foreclosure
36 data 37 on
37 on 39 code
38 zip 39 code
41 level 42 foreclosure
42 foreclosure 45 and
43 rates 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 predicted
45 and 48 onset
47 the 48 onset
48 onset 49 of
49 of 51 symptoms
50 depressive 51 symptoms
51 symptoms 52 using
52 using 56 regression
53 logit 54 -
53 logit 56 regression
55 linked 56 regression

results : multiple stages of the foreclosure process predicted the onset of depressive symptoms , with adjustment for demographic characteristics and changes in household assets , neighborhood poverty , and visible neighborhood disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 stages
2 : 9 predicted
2 : 26 ,
3 multiple 4 stages
4 stages 5 of
4 stages 9 predicted
5 of 8 process
6 the 8 process
7 foreclosure 8 process
9 predicted 11 onset
10 the 11 onset
11 onset 12 of
11 onset 16 with
12 of 14 symptoms
13 depressive 14 symptoms
15 , 16 with
16 with 17 adjustment
16 with 26 ,
17 adjustment 18 for
17 adjustment 23 in
18 for 21 and
19 demographic 20 characteristics
20 characteristics 21 and
21 and 22 changes
23 in 25 assets
24 household 25 assets
26 , 30 and
27 neighborhood 28 poverty
28 poverty 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 33 disorder
31 visible 32 neighborhood
32 neighborhood 33 disorder

a large increase in properties going to auction was [suggestive] of such an association ( or [=] 1.45 ; 95 % ci = 0.96 , 2.19 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 3 increase
2 large 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 6 going
3 increase 9 was
4 in 5 properties
6 going 7 to
7 to 8 auction
9 was 11 of
11 of 14 association
12 such 13 an
13 an 14 association
14 association 16 or
15 ( 16 or
16 or 18 1.45
16 or 19 ;
19 ; 22 ci
19 ; 23 =
20 95 22 ci
21 % 22 ci
22 ci 23 =
23 = 24 0.96
24 0.96 26 2.19
25 , 26 2.19
26 2.19 27 )

age , fewer years of education , and functional limitations also were predictive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 , 8 and
2 , 12 were
3 fewer 4 years
4 years 5 of
4 years 8 and
5 of 6 education
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 limitations
8 and 12 were
9 functional 10 limitations
11 also 12 were
12 were 13 predictive

conclusions : increases in neighborhood [-] level foreclosure represent an important risk factor for depression in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 increases
2 : 9 represent
2 : 19 .
3 increases 4 in
3 increases 9 represent
4 in 8 foreclosure
5 neighborhood 8 foreclosure
7 level 8 foreclosure
9 represent 13 factor
9 represent 16 in
10 an 11 important
10 an 13 factor
11 important 13 factor
12 risk 13 factor
13 factor 14 for
14 for 15 depression
16 in 18 adults
17 older 18 adults

these results accord with previous studies suggesting that the effects of economic crises are typically first experienced through deficits in emotional well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 accord
3 accord 4 with
3 accord 19 deficits
4 with 6 studies
5 previous 6 studies
6 studies 7 suggesting
7 suggesting 8 that
8 that 10 effects
8 that 17 experienced
9 the 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
10 effects 14 are
11 of 13 crises
12 economic 13 crises
14 are 17 experienced
15 typically 17 experienced
16 first 17 experienced
18 through 19 deficits
19 deficits 20 in
20 in 22 well
21 emotional 22 well
23 - 24 being

consuming a high - fat diet may result in behavioral deficits similar to those observed in aging animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 consuming
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 consuming 6 diet
1 consuming 7 may
2 a 3 high
2 a 6 diet
3 high 4 -
3 high 6 diet
5 fat 6 diet
7 may 8 result
8 result 9 in
9 in 11 deficits
10 behavioral 11 deficits
11 deficits 12 similar
12 similar 13 to
13 to 14 those
14 those 15 observed
15 observed 16 in
16 in 17 aging
17 aging 18 animals

it has been demonstrated that blueberry supplementation can allay age - related behavioral deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 that
5 that 7 supplementation
5 that 9 allay
6 blueberry 7 supplementation
7 supplementation 8 can
8 can 9 allay
9 allay 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 14 deficits
12 related 15 .
13 behavioral 14 deficits

to determine if supplementation of a high - fat diet with blueberries offers protection against putative high - fat diet - related declines , 9 [-] month - old c57bl/6 mice were maintained on low - fat ( 10 % fat calories ) [or] high - fat ( 60 % fat calories ) diets [with] and [without] 4 % freeze - dried blueberry powder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
1 to 2 determine
2 determine 3 if
3 if 4 supplementation
3 if 13 offers
4 supplementation 5 of
4 supplementation 13 offers
5 of 10 diet
6 a 10 diet
7 high 8 -
7 high 10 diet
9 fat 10 diet
10 diet 11 with
11 with 12 blueberries
13 offers 14 protection
13 offers 15 against
15 against 23 declines
16 putative 23 declines
17 high 20 diet
17 high 21 -
17 high 23 declines
18 - 20 diet
19 fat 20 diet
20 diet 21 -
22 related 23 declines
23 declines 28 -
24 , 28 -
25 9 27 month
27 month 28 -
28 - 30 c57bl/6
29 old 30 c57bl/6
30 c57bl/6 31 mice
30 c57bl/6 32 were
30 c57bl/6 33 maintained
31 mice 32 were
33 maintained 34 on
34 on 45 high
35 low 37 fat
35 low 45 high
36 - 37 fat
37 fat 42 calories
37 fat 43 )
38 ( 42 calories
39 10 40 %
40 % 42 calories
41 fat 42 calories
42 calories 43 )
45 high 56 and
46 - 56 and
47 fat 52 calories
47 fat 54 diets
48 ( 52 calories
49 60 52 calories
50 % 52 calories
51 fat 52 calories
52 calories 53 )
54 diets 56 and
56 and 60 freeze
56 and 64 powder
56 and 65 .
58 4 60 freeze
59 % 60 freeze
61 - 64 powder
62 dried 63 blueberry
63 blueberry 64 powder
64 powder 65 .

novel object recognition memory was impaired by the high - fat diet ; after 4 months on the high - fat diet , mice spent 50 % of their time on the novel object in the testing trial [,] performing no greater than chance performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 novel 4 memory
2 object 3 recognition
3 recognition 4 memory
4 memory 5 was
5 was 6 impaired
6 impaired 7 by
7 by 12 diet
8 the 12 diet
9 high 10 -
9 high 12 diet
11 fat 12 diet
13 ; 24 mice
13 ; 25 spent
14 after 16 months
14 after 22 diet
14 after 23 ,
14 after 24 mice
15 4 16 months
16 months 17 on
16 months 22 diet
17 on 21 fat
18 the 21 fat
19 high 20 -
19 high 21 fat
24 mice 25 spent
25 spent 27 %
25 spent 31 on
25 spent 35 in
26 50 27 %
27 % 28 of
28 of 30 time
29 their 30 time
31 on 34 object
32 the 34 object
33 novel 34 object
35 in 38 trial
36 the 38 trial
37 testing 38 trial
38 trial 40 performing
38 trial 42 greater
41 no 42 greater
42 greater 43 than
43 than 45 performance
44 chance 45 performance

blueberry supplementation prevented recognition memory deficits after 4 months on the diets , as mice on this diet spent 67 % of their time on the novel object . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 blueberry 2 supplementation
2 supplementation 3 prevented
3 prevented 6 deficits
3 prevented 7 after
3 prevented 10 on
4 recognition 6 deficits
5 memory 6 deficits
7 after 9 months
8 4 9 months
10 on 12 diets
11 the 12 diets
13 , 21 %
13 , 28 object
14 as 15 mice
14 as 21 %
15 mice 16 on
15 mice 19 spent
16 on 18 diet
17 this 18 diet
20 67 21 %
21 % 22 of
21 % 28 object
22 of 24 time
23 their 24 time
24 time 25 on
25 on 27 novel
26 the 27 novel

after 5 months on the diets , mice consuming the high - fat diet passed through the platform location less often than mice on low - fat diets during probe trials on days 2 and 3 of morris water maze testing , whereas mice consuming the high - fat blueberry diet passed through the platform location as often as mice on the low - fat diets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 months
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 passed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 passed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 67 .
1 after 2 5
1 after 3 months
3 months 8 mice
3 months 14 diet
3 months 15 passed
4 on 6 diets
4 on 7 ,
4 on 8 mice
5 the 6 diets
8 mice 9 consuming
8 mice 14 diet
9 consuming 13 fat
10 the 13 fat
11 high 12 -
11 high 13 fat
15 passed 16 through
15 passed 21 often
16 through 19 location
17 the 19 location
18 platform 19 location
20 less 21 often
22 than 23 mice
22 than 39 water
23 mice 24 on
23 mice 39 water
24 on 28 diets
25 low 26 -
25 low 27 fat
27 fat 28 diets
28 diets 29 during
28 diets 37 of
29 during 31 trials
30 probe 31 trials
31 trials 32 on
32 on 33 days
33 days 35 and
34 2 35 and
35 and 36 3
37 of 38 morris
39 water 41 testing
39 water 43 whereas
40 maze 41 testing
42 , 43 whereas
43 whereas 44 mice
44 mice 45 consuming
44 mice 52 passed
45 consuming 51 diet
46 the 51 diet
47 high 48 -
47 high 50 blueberry
49 fat 50 blueberry
50 blueberry 51 diet
52 passed 53 through
52 passed 58 often
52 passed 59 as
53 through 56 location
54 the 56 location
55 platform 56 location
57 as 58 often
59 as 60 mice
60 mice 61 on
61 on 66 diets
62 the 66 diets
63 low 64 -
63 low 65 fat
65 fat 66 diets

this study is a first step in determining if incorporating more nutrient - dense foods into a high - fat diet can allay cognitive dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 6 step
4 a 6 step
5 first 6 step
6 step 7 in
7 in 8 determining
8 determining 9 if
9 if 10 incorporating
9 if 23 allay
10 incorporating 15 foods
10 incorporating 16 into
10 incorporating 22 can
11 more 12 nutrient
12 nutrient 13 -
12 nutrient 15 foods
14 dense 15 foods
16 into 21 diet
17 a 18 high
17 a 21 diet
18 high 19 -
18 high 21 diet
20 fat 21 diet
22 can 23 allay
23 allay 25 dysfunction
24 cognitive 25 dysfunction

none none none oxidative stress has been advanced as one of the major causes of damage to dna and other macromolecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 advanced
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 oxidative
4 oxidative 5 stress
4 oxidative 7 been
4 oxidative 8 advanced
5 stress 6 has
6 has 7 been
8 advanced 9 as
8 advanced 22 .
9 as 19 and
10 one 11 of
10 one 19 and
11 of 14 causes
12 the 14 causes
13 major 14 causes
14 causes 15 of
15 of 16 damage
16 damage 17 to
17 to 18 dna
19 and 21 macromolecules
20 other 21 macromolecules

although physical exercise may also increase oxidative stress , an important role has been recognized for regular exercise in improving the overall functionality of the body , as indicated by an increase in maximal aerobic uptake ( [(] v [ 2max] ) , and in resistance to cell damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 damage
1 although 3 exercise
1 although 6 increase
1 although 9 ,
1 although 12 role
2 physical 3 exercise
3 exercise 4 may
4 may 6 increase
5 also 6 increase
6 increase 8 stress
7 oxidative 8 stress
10 an 11 important
10 an 12 role
11 important 12 role
12 role 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 recognized
15 recognized 16 for
15 recognized 19 in
15 recognized 46 resistance
16 for 18 exercise
17 regular 18 exercise
19 in 20 improving
20 improving 23 functionality
20 improving 30 by
20 improving 43 ,
21 the 23 functionality
22 overall 23 functionality
23 functionality 24 of
23 functionality 29 indicated
24 of 26 body
25 the 26 body
27 , 29 indicated
28 as 29 indicated
30 by 32 increase
31 an 32 increase
33 in 36 uptake
33 in 43 ,
34 maximal 36 uptake
35 aerobic 36 uptake
36 uptake 39 v
37 ( 39 v
39 v 41 2max]
42 ) 43 ,
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 in
46 resistance 48 cell
47 to 48 cell

the aims of this study were 1 [ )(to evaluate the association between dna damage in human lymphocytes and age [and] 2 ) to evaluate the association between dna damage in human lymphocytes and [(] [(] v )o2max . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 6 were
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 1
6 were 9 )(to
6 were 13 between
9 )(to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 association
11 the 12 association
13 between 19 and
14 dna 15 damage
15 damage 16 in
15 damage 19 and
16 in 18 lymphocytes
17 human 18 lymphocytes
19 and 20 age
19 and 23 )
19 and 24 to
19 and 25 evaluate
20 age 22 2
24 to 25 evaluate
25 evaluate 34 and
25 evaluate 38 )o2max
26 the 27 association
27 association 28 between
27 association 34 and
28 between 30 damage
29 dna 30 damage
30 damage 31 in
31 in 33 lymphocytes
32 human 33 lymphocytes
34 and 37 v
34 and 38 )o2max

the sample was composed of 36 healthy and nonsmoking males , aged from 20 to 84 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 composed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 3 was
3 was 4 composed
4 composed 5 of
4 composed 11 ,
4 composed 12 aged
5 of 10 males
6 36 10 males
7 healthy 8 and
8 and 9 nonsmoking
8 and 10 males
12 aged 13 from
13 from 17 years
14 20 15 to
15 to 16 84
15 to 17 years

[(] [(] v [ 2max] was evaluated through the bruce protocol with direct measurement of oxygen consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 v
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 consumption
3 v 5 2max]
5 2max] 6 was
6 was 7 evaluated
6 was 11 protocol
7 evaluated 10 bruce
8 through 10 bruce
9 the 10 bruce
11 protocol 13 direct
12 with 13 direct
13 direct 14 measurement
14 measurement 16 oxygen
15 of 16 oxygen

the comet assay was used to evaluate the dna damage , strand breaks and formamidopyrimidine dna glycosylase ( fpg ) - sensitive sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 the 3 assay
2 comet 3 assay
3 assay 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 evaluate
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 10 damage
8 the 10 damage
9 dna 10 damage
10 damage 14 and
11 , 14 and
12 strand 13 breaks
13 breaks 14 and
14 and 17 glycosylase
14 and 19 fpg
14 and 21 -
15 formamidopyrimidine 17 glycosylase
16 dna 17 glycosylase
18 ( 19 fpg
19 fpg 20 )
21 - 23 sites
21 - 24 .
22 sensitive 23 sites

we found a positive correlation of age with dna strand breaks but not with fpg - sensitive sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 correlation
3 a 4 positive
3 a 5 correlation
4 positive 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 of
6 of 7 age
7 age 12 but
8 with 11 breaks
8 with 12 but
9 dna 11 breaks
10 strand 11 breaks
12 but 13 not
12 but 14 with
14 with 15 fpg
16 - 18 sites
16 - 19 .
17 sensitive 18 sites

[(] ( v [ 2max] was significantly inversely related with dna strand breaks , but this relation disappeared when adjusted for age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 (
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 inversely
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 age
2 ( 8 inversely
3 v 5 2max]
5 2max] 6 was
5 2max] 8 inversely
7 significantly 8 inversely
8 inversely 9 related
8 inversely 13 breaks
9 related 12 strand
10 with 12 strand
11 dna 12 strand
13 breaks 14 ,
14 , 16 this
14 , 17 relation
15 but 16 this
16 this 17 relation
17 relation 18 disappeared
18 disappeared 19 when
19 when 20 adjusted
20 adjusted 21 for

a significantly positive relation between [(] [(] [v] )o2max and fpg - sensitive sites was verified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 4 relation
2 significantly 3 positive
3 positive 4 relation
4 relation 5 between
4 relation 15 was
5 between 14 sites
9 )o2max 10 and
10 and 11 fpg
10 and 12 -
10 and 14 sites
13 sensitive 14 sites
15 was 16 verified

background : positive affective well - being ( i.e [.] , feelings of happiness and enjoyment ) has been associated with longer survival and reduced incidence of serious illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 5 well
3 positive 5 well
4 affective 5 well
6 - 7 being
6 - 20 associated
6 - 30 .
7 being 12 feelings
7 being 18 has
8 ( 12 feelings
9 i.e 11 ,
9 i.e 12 feelings
12 feelings 13 of
12 feelings 17 )
13 of 15 and
14 happiness 15 and
15 and 16 enjoyment
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 24 and
22 longer 23 survival
23 survival 24 and
24 and 26 incidence
24 and 27 of
25 reduced 26 incidence
27 of 29 illness
28 serious 29 illness

our objective was to discover whether enjoyment of life also predicted a reduced risk of functional impairment over an 8 [-] year period in a large population sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 discover
4 to 5 discover
5 discover 6 whether
5 discover 24 in
6 whether 7 enjoyment
6 whether 11 predicted
7 enjoyment 8 of
7 enjoyment 11 predicted
8 of 9 life
10 also 11 predicted
11 predicted 14 risk
11 predicted 18 over
12 a 14 risk
13 reduced 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 17 impairment
16 functional 17 impairment
18 over 23 period
19 an 23 period
20 8 22 year
22 year 23 period
24 in 28 sample
25 a 28 sample
26 large 27 population
27 population 28 sample

methods : we carried out a prospective analysis involving 3199 men and women aged 60 years or older from the english longitudinal study of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 carried
3 we 4 carried
4 carried 5 out
4 carried 12 and
4 carried 17 or
4 carried 19 from
6 a 8 analysis
7 prospective 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 involving
8 analysis 12 and
9 involving 11 men
10 3199 11 men
12 and 13 women
12 and 14 aged
14 aged 15 60
16 years 17 or
17 or 18 older
19 from 23 study
20 the 21 english
21 english 23 study
22 longitudinal 23 study
23 study 24 of
24 of 25 ageing

enjoyment of life was assessed [by] [questionnaire] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enjoyment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 enjoyment 2 of
1 enjoyment 4 was
2 of 3 life
4 was 5 assessed

outcomes were impairment in 2 or more activities of daily living and changes in gait speed on a [walking] test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 outcomes 12 and
2 were 8 activities
2 were 12 and
3 impairment 4 in
3 impairment 6 or
4 in 5 2
6 or 7 more
6 or 8 activities
8 activities 9 of
9 of 11 living
10 daily 11 living
12 and 13 changes
13 changes 14 in
13 changes 16 speed
13 changes 17 on
15 gait 16 speed
17 on 20 test
18 a 20 test

covariates included sociodemographic factors , baseline health , depressive symptoms , impairment of mobility and health behaviours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 covariates 2 included
2 included 4 factors
3 sociodemographic 4 factors
4 factors 5 ,
5 , 7 health
5 , 8 ,
6 baseline 7 health
8 , 10 symptoms
8 , 11 ,
9 depressive 10 symptoms
11 , 12 impairment
11 , 15 and
12 impairment 13 of
13 of 14 mobility
15 and 17 behaviours
16 health 17 behaviours

results : two or more impaired activities of daily living developed among 4.4 % , 11.7 [%] and 16.8 % of participants in the high , medium and low enjoyment - of [-] life tertiles , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 two
2 : 4 or
4 or 5 more
4 or 28 and
5 more 28 and
6 impaired 7 activities
6 impaired 28 and
7 activities 8 of
7 activities 11 developed
8 of 10 living
9 daily 10 living
11 developed 12 among
11 developed 27 medium
12 among 14 %
13 4.4 14 %
14 % 20 %
15 , 20 %
16 11.7 18 and
18 and 19 16.8
18 and 20 %
20 % 21 of
20 % 23 in
20 % 26 ,
21 of 22 participants
23 in 25 high
24 the 25 high
28 and 29 low
29 low 30 enjoyment
29 low 37 respectively
30 enjoyment 32 of
31 - 32 of
32 of 35 tertiles
32 of 36 ,
34 life 35 tertiles

after adjustment for covariates , the odds of impaired activities of daily living developing were 1.83 ( 95 % confidence interval 1.13 - 2.96 ) in the low compared with high tertile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 after 2 adjustment
1 after 7 odds
3 for 4 covariates
3 for 5 ,
3 for 7 odds
6 the 7 odds
7 odds 8 of
7 odds 15 were
8 of 10 activities
9 impaired 10 activities
10 activities 11 of
10 activities 14 developing
11 of 13 living
12 daily 13 living
15 were 16 1.83
15 were 26 in
16 1.83 21 interval
17 ( 21 interval
18 95 19 %
19 % 21 interval
20 confidence 21 interval
21 interval 23 -
21 interval 25 )
22 1.13 23 -
23 - 24 2.96
26 in 28 low
27 the 28 low
28 low 29 compared
29 compared 30 with
30 with 32 tertile
31 high 32 tertile

gait speed after 8 years was also related to baseline enjoyment of life after adjustment for gait speed and other covariates at baseline ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 gait 2 speed
2 speed 3 after
2 speed 6 was
3 after 5 years
4 8 5 years
6 was 7 also
6 was 8 related
8 related 9 to
8 related 14 after
8 related 22 at
9 to 11 enjoyment
10 baseline 11 enjoyment
11 enjoyment 12 of
12 of 13 life
14 after 15 adjustment
14 after 21 covariates
15 adjustment 16 for
15 adjustment 21 covariates
16 for 19 and
17 gait 18 speed
18 speed 19 and
19 and 20 other
22 at 23 baseline
23 baseline 26 <
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.001
26 < 28 )

we obtained similar results when we limited analyses to participants younger than 70 years at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 obtained
2 obtained 4 results
3 similar 4 results
4 results 5 when
5 when 6 we
5 when 7 limited
6 we 7 limited
7 limited 8 analyses
7 limited 9 to
7 limited 15 at
9 to 10 participants
10 participants 11 younger
11 younger 12 than
12 than 14 years
13 70 14 years
15 at 16 baseline

interpretation : this is an observational study , so causal conclusions cannot be drawn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
2 : 9 so
2 : 15 .
3 this 4 is
4 is 7 study
4 is 9 so
5 an 6 observational
5 an 7 study
6 observational 7 study
8 , 9 so
9 so 11 conclusions
9 so 14 drawn
10 causal 11 conclusions
11 conclusions 12 cannot
12 cannot 13 be
13 be 14 drawn

but our results provide evidence that reduced enjoyment of life may be related to the future disability and mobility of older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 but 3 results
1 but 4 provide
2 our 3 results
3 results 4 provide
4 provide 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 8 enjoyment
6 that 13 related
7 reduced 8 enjoyment
8 enjoyment 9 of
8 enjoyment 11 may
9 of 10 life
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 related
13 related 14 to
14 to 18 and
15 the 17 disability
16 future 17 disability
17 disability 18 and
18 and 19 mobility
18 and 20 of
20 of 22 people
21 older 22 people

[none] none [in] caring for older people , geriatricians have always adopted a multi - domain approach , and this article reflects on the diverse aspects covered by journals in general medicine , geriatric medicine and gerontology in 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 geriatricians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 adopted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 none 9 geriatricians
4 caring 5 for
4 caring 8 ,
4 caring 9 geriatricians
5 for 7 people
6 older 7 people
9 geriatricians 10 have
10 have 12 adopted
11 always 12 adopted
12 adopted 17 approach
13 a 14 multi
13 a 17 approach
14 multi 15 -
14 multi 16 domain
16 domain 17 approach
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 article
19 and 22 reflects
20 this 21 article
21 article 22 reflects
22 reflects 23 on
22 reflects 26 aspects
23 on 25 diverse
24 the 25 diverse
26 aspects 27 covered
27 covered 28 by
27 covered 30 in
27 covered 38 in
28 by 29 journals
30 in 36 and
31 general 32 medicine
32 medicine 33 ,
33 , 35 medicine
33 , 36 and
34 geriatric 35 medicine
36 and 37 gerontology
38 in 39 2013

topics were selected that represented developing or controversial areas that are important to care of increasingly frail older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 topics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 topics 2 were
2 were 9 areas
3 selected 6 developing
4 that 5 represented
5 represented 6 developing
6 developing 7 or
7 or 8 controversial
7 or 9 areas
9 areas 10 that
9 areas 11 are
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 important
12 important 13 to
13 to 14 care
14 care 15 of
15 of 19 people
16 increasingly 17 frail
17 frail 19 people
18 older 19 people

these include the increasing use of single physical performance measures in assessment , optimal body mass index , assessment of frailty and sarcopenia , dementia , diabetes treatment goals , end - of [-] life care , management of complexity and design of health and social services to meet complexity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 5 use
3 the 5 use
4 increasing 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 10 measures
7 single 10 measures
8 physical 9 performance
9 performance 10 measures
10 measures 11 in
11 in 12 assessment
13 , 17 index
13 , 18 ,
14 optimal 15 body
15 body 16 mass
16 mass 17 index
18 , 22 and
18 , 37 ,
19 assessment 20 of
19 assessment 22 and
20 of 21 frailty
22 and 31 end
22 and 33 of
23 sarcopenia 24 ,
23 sarcopenia 31 end
25 dementia 29 goals
25 dementia 31 end
26 , 29 goals
27 diabetes 28 treatment
28 treatment 29 goals
29 goals 30 ,
32 - 33 of
33 of 36 care
33 of 37 ,
35 life 36 care
37 , 41 and
38 management 39 of
38 management 41 and
39 of 40 complexity
41 and 42 design
42 design 43 of
43 of 45 and
44 health 45 and
45 and 47 services
45 and 48 to
46 social 47 services
48 to 50 complexity
49 meet 50 complexity

the increasingly important role of patient and carer engagement in management of disease and syndromes is highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 role
2 increasingly 3 important
3 important 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 16 is
5 of 9 engagement
6 patient 7 and
7 and 8 carer
7 and 9 engagement
9 engagement 10 in
10 in 11 management
11 management 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 disease 14 and
14 and 15 syndromes
16 is 17 highlighted

in particular , two eloquent articles from prominent physicians who have been experiencing the ageing process and demands of being a dementia carer provide a timely reminder of what the reality is in grappling with the inexorable decline that occurs with ageing , and caregiving as the central core to what medicine is all about . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 6 articles
4 two 6 articles
5 eloquent 6 articles
6 articles 7 from
6 articles 13 experiencing
6 articles 19 of
6 articles 24 provide
7 from 9 physicians
8 prominent 9 physicians
9 physicians 10 who
9 physicians 11 have
10 who 11 have
11 have 12 been
13 experiencing 17 and
14 the 16 process
15 ageing 16 process
16 process 17 and
17 and 18 demands
19 of 20 being
20 being 23 carer
21 a 22 dementia
21 a 23 carer
22 dementia 23 carer
24 provide 27 reminder
25 a 27 reminder
26 timely 27 reminder
27 reminder 28 of
27 reminder 33 in
27 reminder 39 that
27 reminder 40 occurs
28 of 29 what
29 what 31 reality
29 what 32 is
30 the 31 reality
31 reality 32 is
33 in 34 grappling
34 grappling 35 with
35 with 38 decline
36 the 38 decline
37 inexorable 38 decline
39 that 40 occurs
40 occurs 41 with
41 with 44 and
42 ageing 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 caregiving
44 and 46 as
44 and 50 to
46 as 49 core
47 the 49 core
48 central 49 core
50 to 51 what
50 to 52 medicine
50 to 53 is
52 medicine 53 is
53 is 54 all
53 is 55 about

looking towards the future , the potential of robotic technology , modifying the physical and social living environment in improving quality of care and quality of life is described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 modifying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 looking 2 towards
1 looking 11 ,
1 looking 12 modifying
2 towards 4 future
3 the 4 future
4 future 7 potential
5 , 7 potential
6 the 7 potential
7 potential 8 of
7 potential 11 ,
8 of 10 technology
9 robotic 10 technology
12 modifying 18 environment
12 modifying 19 in
12 modifying 28 is
13 the 18 environment
14 physical 15 and
15 and 16 social
15 and 18 environment
17 living 18 environment
19 in 24 and
20 improving 21 quality
21 quality 22 of
21 quality 24 and
22 of 23 care
24 and 25 quality
24 and 26 of
26 of 27 life
28 is 29 described

fermentation of natural products is emerging as an important processing method and is attracting a lot of attention because it may have the advantage of having a new biological function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fermentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 fermentation 2 of
1 fermentation 12 and
2 of 4 products
3 natural 4 products
5 is 6 emerging
5 is 12 and
6 emerging 7 as
7 as 11 method
8 an 11 method
9 important 11 method
10 processing 11 method
12 and 13 is
12 and 24 advantage
13 is 14 attracting
14 attracting 18 attention
15 a 16 lot
16 lot 17 of
16 lot 18 attention
17 of 18 attention
18 attention 19 because
18 attention 22 have
19 because 20 it
20 it 21 may
21 may 22 have
23 the 24 advantage
24 advantage 25 of
25 of 26 having
26 having 30 function
27 a 30 function
28 new 30 function
29 biological 30 function

in this study , fruits of opuntia ficus - indica were enzymatically hydrolyzed and then fermented with two species of yeast . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 indica
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 10 indica
2 this 3 study
3 study 5 fruits
4 , 5 fruits
5 fruits 6 of
5 fruits 9 -
6 of 8 ficus
7 opuntia 8 ficus
10 indica 14 and
11 were 13 hydrolyzed
11 were 14 and
12 enzymatically 13 hydrolyzed
14 and 16 fermented
14 and 17 with
15 then 16 fermented
17 with 19 species
18 two 19 species
19 species 20 of
20 of 21 yeast

[we] identified novel prominent markers in enzymatically hydrolyzed [o] [.] ficus - indica ( eo ) and fermented o . ficus - indica ( fo ) samples by using an ultra - performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time - [of] - flight mass spectrometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 identified 5 markers
2 identified 17 and
3 novel 5 markers
4 prominent 5 markers
5 markers 6 in
6 in 11 ficus
7 enzymatically 8 hydrolyzed
8 hydrolyzed 11 ficus
11 ficus 13 indica
12 - 13 indica
13 indica 15 eo
13 indica 16 )
14 ( 15 eo
15 eo 16 )
17 and 18 fermented
17 and 19 o
20 . 21 ficus
20 . 27 samples
21 ficus 23 indica
21 ficus 27 samples
22 - 23 indica
23 indica 25 fo
23 indica 26 )
24 ( 25 fo
25 fo 26 )
27 samples 28 by
27 samples 42 spectrometry
28 by 29 using
29 using 40 flight
30 an 40 flight
31 ultra 36 time
31 ultra 39 -
31 ultra 40 flight
32 - 36 time
33 performance 36 time
34 liquid 36 time
35 chromatography/quadrupole 36 time
36 time 37 -
41 mass 42 spectrometry

we also evaluated the effect of eo and fo on photoaging of skin cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 3 evaluated
2 also 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 5 effect
3 evaluated 10 on
3 evaluated 16 to
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 9 fo
7 eo 8 and
8 and 9 fo
10 on 11 photoaging
11 photoaging 12 of
12 of 14 cells
13 skin 14 cells
14 cells 15 exposed
16 to 18 radiation
17 ultraviolet 18 radiation

we identified the major fermented metabolite in the fo as ferulic acid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 4 major
3 the 4 major
4 major 5 fermented
5 fermented 6 metabolite
6 metabolite 7 in
6 metabolite 10 as
7 in 9 fo
8 the 9 fo
10 as 12 acid
11 ferulic 12 acid

[our] in vitro study indicated that fo significantly enhanced the concentration of pro [-] collagen type 1 than the eo , by increasing the tgf - β1 production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 in 3 vitro
3 vitro 4 study
4 study 5 indicated
5 indicated 6 that
6 that 7 fo
6 that 9 enhanced
7 fo 9 enhanced
8 significantly 9 enhanced
9 enhanced 11 concentration
10 the 11 concentration
11 concentration 12 of
12 of 16 type
13 pro 16 type
15 collagen 16 type
16 type 17 1
18 than 20 eo
18 than 27 β1
19 the 20 eo
20 eo 22 by
20 eo 27 β1
21 , 22 by
22 by 23 increasing
22 by 26 -
23 increasing 25 tgf
24 the 25 tgf
27 β1 28 production

to observe the efficacy of [intra] [-] arterial chemotherapy with subcutaneously implanted pump [for] soft tissue sarcoma in extremities and cancerous ulcer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 to 2 observe
2 observe 4 efficacy
3 the 4 efficacy
4 efficacy 5 of
5 of 20 and
8 arterial 9 chemotherapy
9 chemotherapy 10 with
9 chemotherapy 20 and
10 with 17 sarcoma
11 subcutaneously 12 implanted
12 implanted 13 pump
13 pump 17 sarcoma
15 soft 16 tissue
16 tissue 17 sarcoma
17 sarcoma 18 in
18 in 19 extremities
20 and 22 ulcer
21 cancerous 22 ulcer

the pathological types of studied cases include 9 cases with skin squamous cell carcinoma , 6 cases with synovial sarcoma , 5 cases with malignant fibrous histiocytoma , 3 cases with liposarcoma , 3 cases with osteosarcoma , 2 cases with malignant melanoma , 2 cases with epidermoid sarcoma , and 1 case with protuberans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 types
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 the 3 types
2 pathological 3 types
3 types 4 of
3 types 7 include
4 of 6 cases
5 studied 6 cases
7 include 9 cases
7 include 10 with
7 include 54 with
8 9 9 cases
10 with 14 carcinoma
10 with 51 and
11 skin 14 carcinoma
12 squamous 13 cell
13 cell 14 carcinoma
14 carcinoma 17 cases
14 carcinoma 23 cases
15 , 17 cases
16 6 17 cases
17 cases 18 with
17 cases 21 ,
18 with 20 sarcoma
19 synovial 20 sarcoma
21 , 23 cases
22 5 23 cases
23 cases 24 with
23 cases 30 cases
23 cases 38 ,
24 with 27 histiocytoma
25 malignant 27 histiocytoma
26 fibrous 27 histiocytoma
28 , 30 cases
29 3 30 cases
30 cases 31 with
30 cases 35 cases
30 cases 38 ,
31 with 32 liposarcoma
33 , 35 cases
34 3 35 cases
35 cases 36 with
35 cases 38 ,
36 with 37 osteosarcoma
39 2 40 cases
40 cases 41 with
40 cases 44 ,
41 with 43 melanoma
42 malignant 43 melanoma
44 , 46 cases
44 , 51 and
45 2 46 cases
46 cases 47 with
47 with 49 sarcoma
48 epidermoid 49 sarcoma
50 , 51 and
51 and 53 case
52 1 53 case
54 with 55 protuberans

the main symptoms of cancerous ulcer were pain , infection and hemorrhage ; all the studied patients were administrated with cisplatin and doxorubicin by [intra] [-] arterial chemotherapy pump , and the patients with squamous cell carcinoma were additionally applied with bleomycin and patients with malignant melanoma [were] additionally applied with dacarbazine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 the 3 symptoms
2 main 3 symptoms
3 symptoms 4 of
3 symptoms 7 were
4 of 6 ulcer
5 cancerous 6 ulcer
7 were 8 pain
9 , 11 and
9 , 13 ;
10 infection 11 and
11 and 12 hemorrhage
11 and 13 ;
13 ; 17 patients
13 ; 22 and
14 all 17 patients
15 the 17 patients
16 studied 17 patients
17 patients 18 were
18 were 19 administrated
19 administrated 20 with
20 with 21 cisplatin
22 and 31 and
23 doxorubicin 24 by
23 doxorubicin 31 and
24 by 29 pump
27 arterial 28 chemotherapy
28 chemotherapy 29 pump
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 patients
31 and 34 with
31 and 38 were
32 the 33 patients
34 with 37 carcinoma
35 squamous 37 carcinoma
36 cell 37 carcinoma
38 were 40 applied
39 additionally 40 applied
40 applied 41 with
41 with 43 and
42 bleomycin 43 and
43 and 44 patients
43 and 53 .
44 patients 45 with
44 patients 50 applied
45 with 47 melanoma
46 malignant 47 melanoma
49 additionally 50 applied
50 applied 51 with
51 with 52 dacarbazine

the chemotherapy efficiency was observed after [at] 3 cycles of [intra] [-] arterial chemotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 efficiency
2 chemotherapy 3 efficiency
3 efficiency 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 after
6 after 9 cycles
8 3 9 cycles
9 cycles 10 of
10 of 14 chemotherapy
13 arterial 14 chemotherapy

[the] total remission rate of pain ( [rr] [ )( 87 % , and total remission rate of ulcer cicatrization ( [rr] [ )( 71 % , with ulcer cicatrizing spontaneously in 9 cases and obvious homeostasis in 5 cases with bleeding ulcers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
2 total 14 and
3 remission 4 rate
4 rate 5 of
4 rate 14 and
5 of 6 pain
6 pain 12 %
7 ( 12 %
11 87 12 %
12 % 13 ,
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 rate
15 total 16 remission
16 remission 17 rate
17 rate 18 of
17 rate 28 with
18 of 20 cicatrization
19 ulcer 20 cicatrization
20 cicatrization 26 %
21 ( 26 %
25 71 26 %
26 % 27 ,
28 with 35 and
29 ulcer 30 cicatrizing
29 ulcer 35 and
30 cicatrizing 31 spontaneously
30 cicatrizing 32 in
30 cicatrizing 34 cases
32 in 33 9
35 and 37 homeostasis
35 and 44 .
36 obvious 37 homeostasis
37 homeostasis 38 in
38 in 40 cases
39 5 40 cases
40 cases 41 with
41 with 43 ulcers
42 bleeding 43 ulcers

the subcutaneous [intra] - arterial targeting chemotherapy could be applied to treat refractory sarcoma and cancerous ulcer in extremities to significantly increase the chemotherapeutic concentration at tumor area so as to effectively constrain the tumor rupture induced main symptoms including pain , infection and bleeding , which would help to make a decreased blood supplied and well defined tumor boundary to finally decrease the recurrence rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 chemotherapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 applied
1 the 7 chemotherapy
2 subcutaneous 4 -
2 subcutaneous 7 chemotherapy
5 arterial 7 chemotherapy
6 targeting 7 chemotherapy
7 chemotherapy 8 could
8 could 9 be
9 be 10 applied
10 applied 11 to
10 applied 31 to
11 to 12 treat
12 treat 28 area
13 refractory 28 area
14 sarcoma 15 and
15 and 17 ulcer
15 and 18 in
15 and 28 area
16 cancerous 17 ulcer
18 in 19 extremities
19 extremities 20 to
19 extremities 26 at
20 to 22 increase
21 significantly 22 increase
22 increase 25 concentration
22 increase 26 at
23 the 25 concentration
24 chemotherapeutic 25 concentration
27 tumor 28 area
29 so 30 as
30 as 31 to
31 to 33 constrain
32 effectively 33 constrain
33 constrain 44 and
34 the 44 and
35 tumor 37 induced
36 rupture 37 induced
37 induced 39 symptoms
38 main 39 symptoms
39 symptoms 41 pain
40 including 41 pain
41 pain 42 ,
42 , 43 infection
42 , 44 and
44 and 45 bleeding
44 and 47 which
46 , 47 which
47 which 48 would
47 which 67 .
48 would 49 help
49 help 50 to
49 help 51 make
50 to 51 make
51 make 60 boundary
51 make 61 to
52 a 60 boundary
53 decreased 54 blood
54 blood 55 supplied
54 blood 56 and
56 and 57 well
56 and 58 defined
56 and 60 boundary
59 tumor 60 boundary
61 to 63 decrease
62 finally 63 decrease
63 decrease 66 rate
64 the 66 rate
65 recurrence 66 rate

independently of their age , individuals produce weak logical responses when they solve the wason selection task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 produce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 independently 2 of
1 independently 5 ,
1 independently 6 individuals
2 of 4 age
3 their 4 age
6 individuals 7 produce
7 produce 10 responses
8 weak 10 responses
9 logical 10 responses
10 responses 11 when
11 when 12 they
11 when 13 solve
12 they 13 solve
13 solve 17 task
14 the 17 task
15 wason 17 task
16 selection 17 task

many studies describe conditional reasoning , focusing [on] [intra] - individual and general processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 many 2 studies
2 studies 3 describe
3 describe 5 reasoning
4 conditional 5 reasoning
5 reasoning 7 focusing
6 , 7 focusing
7 focusing 10 -
10 - 14 processes
10 - 15 .
11 individual 12 and
12 and 13 general
12 and 14 processes

the role of meaning attributed to the situation or the linguistic interpretation of the rules have nevertheless been stressed by pragmatic studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 stressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 9 or
3 of 4 meaning
4 meaning 5 attributed
5 attributed 6 to
6 to 8 situation
7 the 8 situation
9 or 12 interpretation
9 or 13 of
9 or 16 have
10 the 12 interpretation
11 linguistic 12 interpretation
13 of 15 rules
14 the 15 rules
16 have 18 been
17 nevertheless 18 been
18 been 19 stressed
19 stressed 20 by
20 by 22 studies
21 pragmatic 22 studies

few scattered studies show the role of collective situations , of subjects ' prior knowledge [and] of objects in solving the selection task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 few 3 studies
2 scattered 3 studies
3 studies 4 show
4 show 6 role
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
7 of 9 situations
8 collective 9 situations
9 situations 11 of
10 , 11 of
11 of 15 knowledge
11 of 24 .
12 subjects 13 '
13 ' 15 knowledge
14 prior 15 knowledge
15 knowledge 17 of
17 of 18 objects
18 objects 19 in
19 in 20 solving
20 solving 23 task
21 the 23 task
22 selection 23 task

this paper goes back to the questions raised by the selection task and attempts to place past results into a cultural - historical theoretical framework , which defines a complex and evolving cognitive system , where human beings rely on social exchanges , equip themselves with cultural instruments , create intellectual tools , and give meaning to their experiences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 13 and
3 goes 4 back
3 goes 5 to
3 goes 13 and
5 to 7 questions
6 the 7 questions
7 questions 8 raised
8 raised 9 by
9 by 12 task
10 the 12 task
11 selection 12 task
13 and 14 attempts
13 and 15 to
13 and 56 meaning
15 to 16 place
16 place 18 results
16 place 36 where
17 past 18 results
18 results 19 into
19 into 25 framework
20 a 21 cultural
20 a 25 framework
21 cultural 22 -
21 cultural 25 framework
23 historical 25 framework
24 theoretical 25 framework
25 framework 27 which
26 , 27 which
27 which 28 defines
27 which 35 ,
28 defines 31 and
29 a 30 complex
30 complex 31 and
31 and 34 system
31 and 35 ,
32 evolving 34 system
33 cognitive 34 system
36 where 38 beings
36 where 43 ,
37 human 38 beings
38 beings 43 ,
39 rely 40 on
39 rely 43 ,
40 on 42 exchanges
41 social 42 exchanges
43 , 49 ,
44 equip 45 themselves
44 equip 46 with
44 equip 49 ,
46 with 48 instruments
47 cultural 48 instruments
49 , 54 and
50 create 52 tools
50 create 54 and
51 intellectual 52 tools
53 , 54 and
54 and 55 give
56 meaning 57 to
57 to 59 experiences
58 their 59 experiences

taking into account such a system is necessary to shed light upon the possibilities for the development of human thinking processes in order to solve selection tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 taking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 taking 3 account
1 taking 6 system
1 taking 7 is
2 into 3 account
4 such 5 a
5 a 6 system
7 is 8 necessary
8 necessary 9 to
8 necessary 10 shed
9 to 10 shed
10 shed 11 light
10 shed 12 upon
10 shed 22 in
12 upon 14 possibilities
13 the 14 possibilities
14 possibilities 15 for
14 possibilities 18 of
15 for 17 development
16 the 17 development
18 of 21 processes
19 human 20 thinking
20 thinking 21 processes
22 in 23 order
23 order 24 to
23 order 25 solve
24 to 25 solve
25 solve 27 tasks
26 selection 27 tasks

while it is often reported that muscular coactivation increases with age , the mechanical impact of antagonist muscles , i.e [.] , the antagonist torque , remains to be assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 while 2 it
1 while 3 is
1 while 15 impact
2 it 3 is
3 is 4 often
3 is 9 increases
5 reported 8 coactivation
6 that 7 muscular
7 muscular 8 coactivation
8 coactivation 9 increases
10 with 11 age
10 with 12 ,
10 with 15 impact
13 the 15 impact
14 mechanical 15 impact
15 impact 16 of
15 impact 27 remains
16 of 18 muscles
17 antagonist 18 muscles
18 muscles 20 i.e
18 muscles 25 torque
19 , 20 i.e
20 i.e 22 ,
22 , 25 torque
23 the 25 torque
24 antagonist 25 torque
25 torque 26 ,
27 remains 28 to
28 to 29 be
29 be 30 assessed

the aim of this study was to determine if the mechanical impact of the antagonist muscles may contribute to the age - related [decline] in the resultant torque during maximal voluntary contraction in knee flexion ( kf ) and knee extension ( ke ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determine
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 if
8 determine 19 to
8 determine 45 .
9 if 12 impact
9 if 18 contribute
10 the 12 impact
11 mechanical 12 impact
12 impact 13 of
12 impact 17 may
13 of 16 muscles
14 the 16 muscles
15 antagonist 16 muscles
17 may 18 contribute
19 to 21 age
20 the 21 age
21 age 23 related
22 - 23 related
23 related 25 in
23 related 44 )
25 in 28 torque
26 the 28 torque
27 resultant 28 torque
28 torque 29 during
28 torque 43 ke
29 during 39 and
30 maximal 31 voluntary
31 voluntary 32 contraction
32 contraction 33 in
32 contraction 39 and
33 in 35 flexion
34 knee 35 flexion
35 flexion 37 kf
36 ( 37 kf
37 kf 38 )
39 and 41 extension
40 knee 41 extension
42 ( 43 ke
43 ke 44 )

eight young ( 19 - 28 years old ) and [eight] older [(] 62 - 81 years old ) healthy males participated in neuromuscular testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 males
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 eight 17 years
2 young 5 -
2 young 10 and
3 ( 5 -
4 19 5 -
5 - 6 28
5 - 9 )
6 28 8 old
7 years 8 old
10 and 12 older
10 and 17 years
12 older 15 -
14 62 15 -
15 - 16 81
17 years 21 males
18 old 19 )
18 old 21 males
20 healthy 21 males
21 males 22 participated
22 participated 23 in
23 in 25 testing
24 neuromuscular 25 testing

maximal resultant torque was simultaneously recorded with the electromyographic activity of quadriceps and hamstring muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 torque
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 maximal 3 torque
2 resultant 3 torque
3 torque 4 was
4 was 6 recorded
5 simultaneously 6 recorded
6 recorded 7 with
7 with 10 activity
8 the 10 activity
9 electromyographic 10 activity
10 activity 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 quadriceps 13 and
13 and 15 muscles
14 hamstring 15 muscles

the torque recorded in the antagonist muscles was estimated using a biofeedback technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 torque
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 torque
2 torque 3 recorded
2 torque 8 was
3 recorded 4 in
4 in 7 muscles
5 the 7 muscles
6 antagonist 7 muscles
8 was 9 estimated
9 estimated 10 using
10 using 13 technique
11 a 12 biofeedback
11 a 13 technique
12 biofeedback 13 technique

resultant torques significantly decreased with age in both kf ( - 41 % , p < 0.005 ) and ke ( - 35 % , p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 torques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 resultant 2 torques
2 torques 4 decreased
3 significantly 4 decreased
4 decreased 5 with
4 decreased 7 in
5 with 6 age
7 in 19 and
8 both 19 and
9 kf 13 %
9 kf 19 and
10 ( 13 %
11 - 12 41
12 41 13 %
13 % 16 <
13 % 18 )
14 , 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 17 0.005
19 and 20 ke
20 ke 24 %
21 ( 24 %
22 - 23 35
23 35 24 %
24 % 27 <
24 % 29 )
25 , 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 28 0.01
27 < 29 )

agonist and antagonist torques were significantly reduced in kf ( - 44 % , p < 0.05 [;] - 57 % , p < 0.05 ) [and] in ke ( - 37 % , p < 0.01 [;] - 50 % , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 agonist 2 and
2 and 4 torques
2 and 5 were
3 antagonist 4 torques
5 were 7 reduced
6 significantly 7 reduced
7 reduced 8 in
7 reduced 16 <
7 reduced 28 in
8 in 9 kf
9 kf 13 %
10 ( 13 %
11 - 12 44
12 44 13 %
13 % 14 ,
15 p 16 <
16 < 21 %
17 0.05 19 -
19 - 20 57
19 - 21 %
21 % 24 <
22 , 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.05
24 < 26 )
28 in 29 ke
29 ke 33 %
30 ( 33 %
31 - 32 37
32 37 33 %
33 % 36 <
33 % 46 )
34 , 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 41 %
37 0.01 39 -
39 - 40 50
39 - 41 %
41 % 44 <
42 , 44 <
43 p 44 <
44 < 45 0.05
44 < 46 )

the torque elicited by double twitch stimulation ( - 37 % , p < 0.01 ) and the activation level ( - 12 % , p < 0.05 [ )(of quadriceps was significantly lower in older men compared to young men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 torque
2 torque 3 elicited
2 torque 17 and
3 elicited 4 by
3 elicited 14 <
4 by 7 stimulation
5 double 6 twitch
6 twitch 7 stimulation
7 stimulation 11 %
8 ( 11 %
9 - 10 37
10 37 11 %
11 % 12 ,
12 , 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.01
14 < 16 )
17 and 19 activation
17 and 20 level
17 and 32 was
18 the 19 activation
20 level 24 %
20 level 27 <
20 level 32 was
21 ( 24 %
22 - 23 12
23 12 24 %
24 % 25 ,
25 , 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 28 0.05
28 0.05 30 )(of
30 )(of 31 quadriceps
32 was 34 lower
32 was 35 in
33 significantly 34 lower
35 in 37 men
36 older 37 men
37 men 38 compared
38 compared 39 to
39 to 41 men
40 young 41 men

this study showed that antagonist torques were not responsible for age - related declines in kf and ke resultant torques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 6 torques
4 that 7 were
5 antagonist 6 torques
6 torques 7 were
7 were 8 not
7 were 9 responsible
8 not 9 responsible
9 responsible 10 for
10 for 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 declines
13 related 15 in
13 related 21 .
15 in 17 and
16 kf 17 and
17 and 20 torques
18 ke 20 torques
19 resultant 20 torques

therefore , decreased resultant torques with age , [in] particular in ke , can primarily be explained by impairments of the peripheral factors ( excitation - contraction coupling ) as well as by decreased neural agonist activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 torques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 5 torques
3 decreased 5 torques
4 resultant 5 torques
5 torques 6 with
5 torques 14 can
6 with 7 age
7 age 10 particular
8 , 10 particular
10 particular 11 in
10 particular 13 ,
11 in 12 ke
14 can 16 be
15 primarily 16 be
16 be 17 explained
17 explained 18 by
17 explained 31 well
17 explained 32 as
18 by 19 impairments
19 impairments 20 of
20 of 23 factors
21 the 23 factors
22 peripheral 23 factors
23 factors 26 -
24 ( 26 -
25 excitation 26 -
26 - 28 coupling
26 - 29 )
27 contraction 28 coupling
30 as 31 well
32 as 33 by
33 by 37 activation
34 decreased 36 agonist
35 neural 36 agonist
36 agonist 37 activation

background : testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) is a widely accepted form of treatment worldwide for aging men with late - onset hypogonadism syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 replacement
2 : 21 late
3 testosterone 4 replacement
4 replacement 5 therapy
4 replacement 20 with
5 therapy 7 trt
5 therapy 9 is
6 ( 7 trt
7 trt 8 )
9 is 13 form
10 a 13 form
11 widely 12 accepted
12 accepted 13 form
13 form 14 of
14 of 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 worldwide
16 worldwide 17 for
17 for 18 aging
18 aging 19 men
18 aging 20 with
22 - 25 syndrome
22 - 26 .
23 onset 24 hypogonadism
24 hypogonadism 25 syndrome

urologists have been concerned about the possibility of trt causing prostate cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 urologists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 urologists 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 4 concerned
4 concerned 5 about
5 about 7 possibility
6 the 7 possibility
7 possibility 8 of
8 of 9 trt
9 trt 10 causing
10 causing 12 cancer
11 prostate 12 cancer

the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between trt and prostate cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 relationship
8 assess 11 between
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 13 and
12 trt 13 and
13 and 15 cancer
14 prostate 15 cancer

methods : a literature review [was] performed to identify all published , randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) of testosterone treatment for hypogonadism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 review
3 a 4 literature
3 a 5 review
4 literature 5 review
5 review 7 performed
5 review 19 of
7 performed 8 to
8 to 12 ,
9 identify 10 all
9 identify 12 ,
10 all 11 published
12 , 13 randomized
13 randomized 15 trials
14 controlled 15 trials
15 trials 17 rcts
16 ( 17 rcts
17 rcts 18 )
19 of 21 treatment
20 testosterone 21 treatment
21 treatment 22 for
22 for 23 hypogonadism

the search included the medline , embase and the cochrane controlled trials register databases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 search
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 search
2 search 3 included
3 included 8 and
4 the 5 medline
5 medline 6 ,
6 , 7 embase
6 , 8 and
8 and 14 databases
9 the 14 databases
10 cochrane 11 controlled
11 controlled 12 trials
12 trials 13 register
13 register 14 databases

fixed - effect [model] was chosen for homogeneous studies ; otherwise , a random - effect model was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 chosen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 fixed 2 -
1 fixed 3 effect
3 effect 5 was
5 was 6 chosen
6 chosen 7 for
7 for 9 studies
8 homogeneous 9 studies
10 ; 17 model
10 ; 19 used
11 otherwise 12 ,
11 otherwise 17 model
13 a 14 random
13 a 17 model
14 random 15 -
14 random 16 effect
16 effect 17 model
17 model 18 was
18 was 19 used

inconsistency was quantified by using the i2 statistic , which tests the proportion of heterogeneity across studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inconsistency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 inconsistency 2 was
2 was 3 quantified
3 quantified 4 by
4 by 5 using
5 using 8 statistic
6 the 8 statistic
7 i2 8 statistic
9 , 10 which
9 , 11 tests
10 which 11 tests
11 tests 13 proportion
11 tests 16 across
12 the 13 proportion
13 proportion 14 of
14 of 15 heterogeneity
16 across 17 studies

results : results of 22 rcts involving a total of 2351 patients were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 13 were
3 results 4 of
3 results 13 were
4 of 6 rcts
5 22 6 rcts
6 rcts 7 involving
7 involving 9 total
8 a 9 total
9 total 10 of
10 of 12 patients
11 2351 12 patients
13 were 14 analyzed

eleven rcts were short - term [(] < 12 months [ )(and 11 were long - term ( 12 - 36 months ) comparisons of trt with a placebo ; trt was administered transdermally [,] orally [or] by injection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rcts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 eleven 2 rcts
2 rcts 3 were
3 were 4 short
5 - 6 term
5 - 12 )(and
5 - 16 -
6 term 9 12
6 term 10 months
8 < 9 12
12 )(and 13 11
12 )(and 14 were
13 11 14 were
14 were 15 long
16 - 17 term
16 - 30 ;
17 term 24 comparisons
17 term 27 with
18 ( 20 -
19 12 20 -
20 - 22 months
20 - 23 )
20 - 24 comparisons
21 36 22 months
24 comparisons 25 of
25 of 26 trt
27 with 29 placebo
28 a 29 placebo
30 ; 31 trt
30 ; 33 administered
31 trt 32 was
32 was 33 administered
33 administered 34 transdermally
33 administered 36 orally
33 administered 38 by
38 by 39 injection

respective or and 95 % ci values for injection , transdermal administration and oral administration [of] long - term trt were [as] follows : prostate cancer : 2.09 ( 0.18 - 24.73 ) , 3.06 ( 0.12 - 76.70 [ )(and 0.19 ( 0.01 - 4.03 ) [;] [biopsy] : 2.09 ( 0.18 - 24.73 ) , 3.65 ( 0.88 - 15.20 [ )(and 0.97 ( 0.13 - 7.03 ) ; and prostate nodule : 3.13 ( 0.12 - 80.68 ) , 1.00 ( 0.06 - 16.41 ) and 0.97 ( 0.13 - 7.03 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 respective 2 or
2 or 3 and
3 and 7 values
3 and 8 for
4 95 7 values
5 % 7 values
6 ci 7 values
8 for 9 injection
10 , 13 and
10 , 18 -
11 transdermal 12 administration
12 administration 13 and
13 and 15 administration
13 and 17 long
14 oral 15 administration
18 - 19 term
18 - 23 follows
18 - 24 :
19 term 20 trt
19 term 21 were
19 term 23 follows
20 trt 21 were
24 : 26 cancer
24 : 27 :
25 prostate 26 cancer
27 : 28 2.09
27 : 38 -
28 2.09 30 0.18
29 ( 30 0.18
30 0.18 32 24.73
30 0.18 35 3.06
30 0.18 38 -
31 - 32 24.73
32 24.73 33 )
34 , 35 3.06
35 3.06 37 0.12
35 3.06 38 -
36 ( 37 0.12
37 0.12 38 -
38 - 39 76.70
38 - 41 )(and
38 - 50 :
41 )(and 42 0.19
42 0.19 45 -
43 ( 45 -
44 0.01 45 -
45 - 46 4.03
45 - 47 )
50 : 51 2.09
50 : 61 -
51 2.09 53 0.18
52 ( 53 0.18
53 0.18 55 24.73
53 0.18 58 3.65
53 0.18 61 -
54 - 55 24.73
55 24.73 56 )
57 , 58 3.65
58 3.65 60 0.88
58 3.65 61 -
59 ( 60 0.88
60 0.88 61 -
61 - 62 15.20
61 - 64 )(and
61 - 71 ;
64 )(and 65 0.97
65 0.97 68 -
66 ( 68 -
67 0.13 68 -
68 - 69 7.03
68 - 70 )
71 ; 72 and
71 ; 75 :
71 ; 82 ,
72 and 74 nodule
73 prostate 74 nodule
74 nodule 75 :
75 : 76 3.13
76 3.13 78 0.12
77 ( 78 0.12
78 0.12 80 80.68
78 0.12 82 ,
79 - 80 80.68
80 80.68 81 )
82 , 83 1.00
82 , 89 and
83 1.00 86 -
84 ( 86 -
85 0.06 86 -
86 - 87 16.41
86 - 88 )
89 and 90 0.97
90 0.97 93 -
91 ( 93 -
92 0.13 93 -
93 - 94 7.03
93 - 96 )(

though for some routes of administration and some end points , the or associated with testosterone administration were >1 indicating increased risk , none of these reached or even approached statistical significance ( all p>0.10 ) , which was consistent with the results of subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 end
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 though 7 and
2 for 3 some
2 for 7 and
4 routes 5 of
4 routes 7 and
5 of 6 administration
7 and 8 some
7 and 9 end
9 end 10 points
11 , 13 or
11 , 21 increased
11 , 23 ,
12 the 13 or
13 or 14 associated
13 or 15 with
13 or 21 increased
15 with 16 testosterone
16 testosterone 17 administration
16 testosterone 20 indicating
17 administration 18 were
18 were 19 >1
19 >1 20 indicating
21 increased 22 risk
23 , 28 or
23 , 37 ,
24 none 25 of
24 none 27 reached
24 none 28 or
25 of 26 these
28 or 32 significance
28 or 35 p>0.10
29 even 32 significance
30 approached 32 significance
31 statistical 32 significance
33 ( 35 p>0.10
34 all 35 p>0.10
35 p>0.10 36 )
37 , 38 which
37 , 39 was
38 which 39 was
39 was 40 consistent
40 consistent 41 with
41 with 47 and
41 with 49 analysis
42 the 43 results
43 results 44 of
43 results 47 and
44 of 46 analyses
45 subgroup 46 analyses
47 and 48 sensitivity

besides , sensitivity analysis indicated that short - term trt was more likely to increase psa levels than treatment [with] placebo ( p<0.00001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 besides 2 ,
1 besides 4 analysis
3 sensitivity 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 indicated
5 indicated 9 term
6 that 9 term
7 short 8 -
7 short 9 term
9 term 10 trt
9 term 17 levels
9 term 23 p<0.00001
10 trt 11 was
11 was 13 likely
12 more 13 likely
13 likely 14 to
13 likely 17 levels
14 to 15 increase
16 psa 17 levels
17 levels 18 than
18 than 21 placebo
19 treatment 21 placebo
22 ( 23 p<0.00001
23 p<0.00001 24 )

conclusions : this meta - analysis shows that regardless of the administration method , trt is the short - term safety and does not promote prostate cancer development or progression but long - term data are warranted with justifiable end points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 7 shows
2 : 33 -
3 this 4 meta
4 meta 5 -
4 meta 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 shows
7 shows 8 that
7 shows 22 and
8 that 15 trt
8 that 22 and
9 regardless 10 of
10 of 13 method
10 of 14 ,
10 of 15 trt
11 the 13 method
12 administration 13 method
15 trt 22 and
16 is 21 safety
16 is 22 and
17 the 21 safety
18 short 19 -
18 short 20 term
20 term 21 safety
22 and 23 does
23 does 24 not
23 does 31 but
25 promote 29 or
25 promote 31 but
26 prostate 28 development
27 cancer 28 development
28 development 29 or
29 or 30 progression
31 but 32 long
33 - 35 data
33 - 37 warranted
34 term 35 data
35 data 36 are
36 are 37 warranted
37 warranted 38 with
38 with 41 points
39 justifiable 40 end
40 end 41 points

background : anatomical studies show that facial fat is partitioned into distinct compartments , with the nasolabial fat pad in a superficial compartment and the deep medial cheek fat in a deep compartment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 5 show
2 : 14 ,
2 : 34 .
3 anatomical 4 studies
4 studies 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 8 fat
6 that 10 partitioned
7 facial 8 fat
8 fat 9 is
9 is 10 partitioned
10 partitioned 11 into
11 into 13 compartments
12 distinct 13 compartments
14 , 19 pad
15 with 18 fat
15 with 19 pad
16 the 18 fat
17 nasolabial 18 fat
19 pad 20 in
19 pad 29 fat
19 pad 30 in
20 in 24 and
21 a 23 compartment
22 superficial 23 compartment
23 compartment 24 and
24 and 28 cheek
25 the 28 cheek
26 deep 28 cheek
27 medial 28 cheek
30 in 33 compartment
31 a 32 deep
31 a 33 compartment
32 deep 33 compartment

gross morphologic differences may exist between these fat depots , but this has never been established at the cellular level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 gross 3 differences
2 morphologic 3 differences
3 differences 4 may
4 may 5 exist
5 exist 6 between
6 between 9 depots
7 these 9 depots
8 fat 9 depots
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 this
11 but 16 established
12 this 13 has
13 has 15 been
14 never 15 been
15 been 16 established
16 established 17 at
17 at 20 level
18 the 20 level
19 cellular 20 level

methods : adipose tissue specimens from nasolabial fat and deep medial cheek fat pads were obtained from 63 cadaveric specimens ( 38 female and 25 male cadavers ) aged 47 to 101 years ( mean , 71 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 specimens
3 adipose 4 tissue
4 tissue 5 specimens
5 specimens 6 from
6 from 8 fat
7 nasolabial 8 fat
9 and 14 pads
9 and 16 obtained
10 deep 13 fat
11 medial 13 fat
12 cheek 13 fat
13 fat 14 pads
14 pads 15 were
15 were 16 obtained
16 obtained 17 from
17 from 20 specimens
18 63 20 specimens
19 cadaveric 20 specimens
20 specimens 33 years
21 ( 33 years
22 38 33 years
23 female 24 and
24 and 27 cadavers
24 and 28 )
24 and 29 aged
24 and 33 years
25 25 27 cadavers
26 male 27 cadavers
29 aged 31 to
30 47 31 to
31 to 32 101
33 years 38 years
33 years 40 .
34 ( 38 years
35 mean 36 ,
35 mean 38 years
37 71 38 years
38 years 39 )

thirty - seven cadavers had a normal body mass index ( ≤25 [kg/m] ) and 26 cadavers had a high body mass index ( >25 [kg/m] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cadavers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 4 cadavers
4 cadavers 5 had
5 had 10 index
6 a 7 normal
6 a 10 index
7 normal 8 body
8 body 10 index
9 mass 10 index
10 index 12 ≤25
11 ( 12 ≤25
12 ≤25 14 )
15 and 17 cadavers
15 and 18 had
16 26 17 cadavers
17 cadavers 18 had
18 had 23 index
19 a 20 high
19 a 23 index
20 high 21 body
21 body 22 mass
22 mass 23 index
23 index 25 >25
24 ( 25 >25
25 >25 27 )

cross - sectional areas of individual adipocytes were calculated digitally and averaged from histologic sections of the adipose tissue samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 cross 2 -
1 cross 4 areas
3 sectional 4 areas
4 areas 5 of
4 areas 11 and
5 of 7 adipocytes
6 individual 7 adipocytes
8 were 9 calculated
8 were 11 and
9 calculated 10 digitally
11 and 12 averaged
11 and 13 from
11 and 20 samples
13 from 15 sections
14 histologic 15 sections
15 sections 16 of
16 of 18 adipose
17 the 18 adipose
19 tissue 20 samples

results : the average adipocyte size of nasolabial fat is significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) larger than that of deep medial cheek fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 size
2 : 10 is
2 : 25 .
3 the 6 size
4 average 6 size
5 adipocyte 6 size
6 size 7 of
6 size 10 is
7 of 9 fat
8 nasolabial 9 fat
10 is 11 significantly
10 is 14 <
10 is 17 larger
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.0001
14 < 16 )
17 larger 18 than
18 than 19 that
18 than 20 of
20 of 24 fat
21 deep 23 cheek
22 medial 23 cheek
23 cheek 24 fat

the average adipocyte size in both [nasolabial] and deep medial cheek fat is significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) larger in subjects with high compared [with] low body mass index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 size
2 average 4 size
3 adipocyte 4 size
4 size 5 in
4 size 8 and
5 in 6 both
8 and 11 cheek
8 and 12 fat
8 and 23 with
8 and 24 high
9 deep 11 cheek
10 medial 11 cheek
12 fat 13 is
13 is 14 significantly
13 is 17 <
13 is 20 larger
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.0001
17 < 19 )
20 larger 21 in
20 larger 23 with
21 in 22 subjects
24 high 25 compared
25 compared 29 mass
27 low 29 mass
28 body 29 mass
29 mass 30 index

although the overall average adipocyte size is significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) larger in female than in male subjects , this sexual dimorphism is lost in the nasolabial fat depots of overweight subjects and in the deep medial cheek depots of normal - weight subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 dimorphism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 lost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 although 3 overall
1 although 21 ,
1 although 24 dimorphism
2 the 3 overall
3 overall 6 size
3 overall 15 in
3 overall 16 female
4 average 6 size
5 adipocyte 6 size
6 size 7 is
7 is 8 significantly
7 is 11 <
7 is 14 larger
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.0001
11 < 13 )
14 larger 15 in
16 female 17 than
16 female 18 in
18 in 20 subjects
19 male 20 subjects
22 this 23 sexual
23 sexual 24 dimorphism
24 dimorphism 25 is
25 is 26 lost
26 lost 35 and
27 in 31 depots
27 in 35 and
28 the 31 depots
29 nasolabial 31 depots
30 fat 31 depots
31 depots 32 of
32 of 34 subjects
33 overweight 34 subjects
35 and 36 in
36 in 41 depots
37 the 41 depots
38 deep 41 depots
39 medial 40 cheek
40 cheek 41 depots
41 depots 42 of
42 of 46 subjects
43 normal 44 -
43 normal 45 weight
45 weight 46 subjects

conclusions : the significantly smaller adipocyte size in deep medial cheek fat relative to nasolabial fat in elderly subjects supports the theory that deep and superficial facial fat pads are morphologically different . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 7 size
3 the 7 size
4 significantly 5 smaller
5 smaller 6 adipocyte
6 adipocyte 7 size
7 size 8 in
7 size 12 fat
7 size 20 supports
8 in 11 cheek
9 deep 11 cheek
10 medial 11 cheek
12 fat 13 relative
12 fat 20 supports
13 relative 14 to
14 to 16 fat
15 nasolabial 16 fat
16 fat 17 in
17 in 19 subjects
18 elderly 19 subjects
20 supports 22 theory
20 supports 24 deep
21 the 22 theory
23 that 24 deep
25 and 29 pads
25 and 30 are
26 superficial 29 pads
27 facial 29 pads
28 fat 29 pads
29 pads 30 are
30 are 32 different
31 morphologically 32 different

future investigation of the metabolic and structural properties of these fat compartments will help us understand the different patterns of volumetric facial aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 future 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 of
2 investigation 9 of
2 investigation 13 will
3 of 8 properties
4 the 8 properties
5 metabolic 6 and
6 and 7 structural
6 and 8 properties
9 of 12 compartments
10 these 12 compartments
11 fat 12 compartments
13 will 14 help
14 help 15 us
14 help 16 understand
16 understand 19 patterns
17 the 19 patterns
18 different 19 patterns
19 patterns 20 of
20 of 23 aging
21 volumetric 23 aging
22 facial 23 aging

standing balance is an important motor task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 standing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 standing 2 balance
1 standing 3 is
3 is 7 task
4 an 5 important
4 an 7 task
5 important 6 motor
6 motor 7 task

postural instability associated with age typically arises from deterioration of peripheral sensory systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 arises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 postural 2 instability
2 instability 3 associated
2 instability 7 arises
3 associated 4 with
4 with 5 age
6 typically 7 arises
7 arises 8 from
8 from 9 deterioration
9 deterioration 10 of
10 of 13 systems
11 peripheral 13 systems
12 sensory 13 systems

the modified clinical test of sensory integration for balance and the tandem test have been used to screen [for] balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 4 test
2 modified 4 test
3 clinical 4 test
4 test 5 of
4 test 10 and
5 of 7 integration
6 sensory 7 integration
7 integration 8 for
8 for 9 balance
10 and 13 test
10 and 14 have
11 the 13 test
12 tandem 13 test
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 used
16 used 17 to
16 used 18 screen
17 to 18 screen
18 screen 20 balance

timed tests present some limitations , whereas quantification of the motions of the center of pressure ( cop ) with portable and inexpensive equipment may help to improve the sensitivity of these tests and give the possibility of widespread use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 timed 2 tests
2 tests 3 present
3 present 5 limitations
3 present 7 whereas
4 some 5 limitations
6 , 7 whereas
7 whereas 8 quantification
8 quantification 9 of
8 quantification 25 may
9 of 11 motions
10 the 11 motions
11 motions 12 of
12 of 14 center
13 the 14 center
14 center 15 of
14 center 20 with
15 of 16 pressure
16 pressure 18 cop
17 ( 18 cop
18 cop 19 )
20 with 24 equipment
21 portable 22 and
22 and 23 inexpensive
22 and 24 equipment
25 may 26 help
26 help 27 to
26 help 34 and
27 to 34 and
28 improve 30 sensitivity
28 improve 34 and
29 the 30 sensitivity
30 sensitivity 31 of
31 of 33 tests
32 these 33 tests
34 and 35 give
34 and 37 possibility
36 the 37 possibility
37 possibility 38 of
38 of 40 use
39 widespread 40 use

this study determines the validity and reliability of the wii balance board ( wii bb ) to quantify cop motions during the mentioned tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 determines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 determines
3 determines 5 validity
4 the 5 validity
6 and 7 reliability
6 and 20 motions
7 reliability 8 of
7 reliability 17 to
7 reliability 18 quantify
7 reliability 20 motions
8 of 12 board
9 the 12 board
10 wii 11 balance
11 balance 12 board
12 board 15 bb
13 ( 15 bb
14 wii 15 bb
15 bb 16 )
17 to 18 quantify
18 quantify 19 cop
20 motions 21 during
21 during 24 tests
22 the 24 tests
23 mentioned 24 tests

thirty - seven older adults completed three repetitions of five balance conditions : eyes open , eyes closed , eyes open on a compliant surface , eyes closed on a compliant surface , and tandem stance , all performed on a force plate and a wii bb simultaneously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 completed
6 completed 8 repetitions
7 three 8 repetitions
8 repetitions 9 of
9 of 12 conditions
10 five 12 conditions
11 balance 12 conditions
12 conditions 13 :
12 conditions 17 eyes
13 : 14 eyes
13 : 15 open
14 eyes 15 open
16 , 17 eyes
17 eyes 18 closed
17 eyes 19 ,
19 , 20 eyes
19 , 21 open
20 eyes 21 open
21 open 22 on
22 on 34 and
23 a 24 compliant
23 a 25 surface
24 compliant 25 surface
25 surface 26 ,
26 , 27 eyes
26 , 34 and
27 eyes 28 closed
28 closed 29 on
29 on 32 surface
30 a 32 surface
31 compliant 32 surface
33 , 34 and
34 and 36 stance
34 and 39 performed
35 tandem 36 stance
37 , 39 performed
38 all 39 performed
39 performed 40 on
39 performed 48 simultaneously
39 performed 49 .
40 on 44 and
41 a 42 force
41 a 43 plate
42 force 43 plate
43 plate 44 and
44 and 47 bb
45 a 47 bb
46 wii 47 bb

twenty participants repeated the trials for reliability purposes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 repeated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 twenty 2 participants
2 participants 3 repeated
3 repeated 5 trials
4 the 5 trials
5 trials 6 for
6 for 8 purposes
7 reliability 8 purposes

cop displacement was the main outcome measure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 displacement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 cop 2 displacement
2 displacement 3 was
3 was 7 measure
4 the 5 main
4 the 7 measure
6 outcome 7 measure

regression analysis indicated that the wii bb has excellent concurrent validity , and bland - altman plots showed good agreement between devices with small mean differences and no relationship between the difference and the mean . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 regression 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 7 bb
4 that 8 has
5 the 7 bb
6 wii 7 bb
7 bb 8 has
8 has 11 validity
9 excellent 11 validity
10 concurrent 11 validity
12 , 13 and
13 and 17 plots
13 and 18 showed
14 bland 15 -
14 bland 17 plots
16 altman 17 plots
17 plots 18 showed
18 showed 20 agreement
18 showed 27 and
18 showed 30 between
19 good 20 agreement
20 agreement 21 between
20 agreement 23 with
21 between 22 devices
23 with 26 differences
24 small 26 differences
25 mean 26 differences
27 and 29 relationship
28 no 29 relationship
30 between 33 and
31 the 32 difference
32 difference 33 and
33 and 35 mean
34 the 35 mean

intraclass correlation coefficients ( iccs ) indicated modest - [to] [-] excellent [test] - [retest] reliability ( icc=0.64 - 0.85 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coefficients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 intraclass 3 coefficients
2 correlation 3 coefficients
3 coefficients 5 iccs
3 coefficients 7 indicated
4 ( 5 iccs
5 iccs 6 )
7 indicated 16 reliability
8 modest 9 -
8 modest 16 reliability
12 excellent 14 -
12 excellent 16 reliability
16 reliability 18 icc=0.64
16 reliability 20 0.85
17 ( 18 icc=0.64
18 icc=0.64 19 -
19 - 20 0.85
20 0.85 21 )

standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were similar for both devices , except the ['] eyes closed ['] condition , with greater standard error of measurement for the wii bb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 standard 2 error
2 error 3 of
2 error 5 and
3 of 4 measurement
5 and 8 change
5 and 9 were
6 minimal 8 change
7 detectable 8 change
9 were 10 similar
10 similar 11 for
10 similar 15 except
10 similar 23 with
11 for 13 devices
12 both 13 devices
14 , 15 except
15 except 21 condition
15 except 22 ,
16 the 21 condition
18 eyes 19 closed
19 closed 21 condition
23 with 26 error
24 greater 26 error
25 standard 26 error
26 error 27 of
26 error 29 for
27 of 28 measurement
29 for 32 bb
30 the 32 bb
31 wii 32 bb

in conclusion , the wii bb is shown to be a valid and reliable method to quantify cop displacement in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 6 bb
3 , 8 shown
4 the 6 bb
5 wii 6 bb
6 bb 7 is
7 is 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
8 shown 16 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 15 method
11 a 15 method
12 valid 13 and
13 and 14 reliable
13 and 15 method
16 to 17 quantify
17 quantify 19 displacement
17 quantify 20 in
18 cop 19 displacement
20 in 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

objective : to investigate cardiac structural changes in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnoea - hypopnoea syndrome [(] osahs ) and the impact [on] left [ventricular] systolic and diastolic function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 28 and
5 cardiac 7 changes
6 structural 7 changes
7 changes 8 in
7 changes 11 with
7 changes 21 and
8 in 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients
11 with 14 apnoea
12 obstructive 13 sleep
13 sleep 14 apnoea
14 apnoea 19 osahs
15 - 19 osahs
16 hypopnoea 17 syndrome
17 syndrome 19 osahs
19 osahs 20 )
21 and 23 impact
21 and 25 left
21 and 28 and
22 the 23 impact
25 left 27 systolic
28 and 30 function
29 diastolic 30 function

methods : the study enrolled elderly patients with osahs and age - matched healthy control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 enrolled
2 : 12 -
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 enrolled
5 enrolled 7 patients
6 elderly 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
8 with 10 and
9 osahs 10 and
10 and 11 age
12 - 16 subjects
12 - 17 .
13 matched 15 control
14 healthy 15 control
15 control 16 subjects

cardiac structure , left [ventricular] diastolic function and left [ventricular] systolic function were measured using a doppler ultrasound scanner and compared between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 cardiac 2 structure
2 structure 3 ,
3 , 7 function
3 , 8 and
4 left 7 function
6 diastolic 7 function
8 and 12 function
8 and 20 and
9 left 12 function
11 systolic 12 function
13 were 14 measured
13 were 20 and
14 measured 15 using
15 using 19 scanner
16 a 19 scanner
17 doppler 19 scanner
18 ultrasound 19 scanner
20 and 21 compared
20 and 22 between
22 between 25 groups
23 the 24 two
24 two 25 groups

results : the study included 136 patients with osahs and 50 healthy control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 15 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 10 and
6 136 10 and
7 patients 8 with
7 patients 10 and
8 with 9 osahs
10 and 14 subjects
11 50 14 subjects
12 healthy 13 control
13 control 14 subjects

there were significant differences in the echocardiography indicators that reflect cardiac structure , including interventricular septum , left ventricle posterior wall thickness , and left [ventricular] mass and mass index between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
3 significant 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
4 differences 9 that
4 differences 10 reflect
5 in 8 indicators
6 the 8 indicators
7 echocardiography 8 indicators
9 that 10 reflect
10 reflect 12 structure
10 reflect 14 including
11 cardiac 12 structure
13 , 14 including
14 including 28 and
14 including 35 .
15 interventricular 16 septum
16 septum 17 ,
17 , 22 thickness
17 , 24 and
18 left 21 wall
19 ventricle 20 posterior
20 posterior 21 wall
21 wall 22 thickness
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 mass
24 and 28 and
25 left 27 mass
28 and 30 index
28 and 31 between
29 mass 30 index
31 between 34 groups
32 the 33 two
33 two 34 groups

there were significant differences between the two groups in the [ventricular] septal early diastolic myocardial peak velocity/late diastolic myocardial peak velocity ( em/am ) , mitral annulus em/am , and left ventricle posterior wall em/am . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
3 significant 4 differences
4 differences 5 between
4 differences 9 in
5 between 8 groups
6 the 7 two
7 two 8 groups
9 in 21 velocity
10 the 21 velocity
12 septal 16 peak
13 early 16 peak
14 diastolic 16 peak
15 myocardial 16 peak
16 peak 21 velocity
17 velocity/late 20 peak
18 diastolic 20 peak
19 myocardial 20 peak
20 peak 21 velocity
21 velocity 23 em/am
22 ( 23 em/am
23 em/am 24 )
25 , 30 and
25 , 34 wall
26 mitral 27 annulus
27 annulus 28 em/am
28 em/am 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 33 posterior
30 and 34 wall
31 left 32 ventricle
32 ventricle 33 posterior
34 wall 35 em/am

there were also significant differences in the indicators of interventricular septum , mitral annulus and left [ventricular] posterior wall systolic peak velocity between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 3 also
2 were 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 9 of
6 in 8 indicators
7 the 8 indicators
9 of 11 septum
10 interventricular 11 septum
12 , 15 and
12 , 19 wall
13 mitral 14 annulus
14 annulus 15 and
15 and 18 posterior
15 and 19 wall
16 left 18 posterior
19 wall 22 velocity
20 systolic 21 peak
21 peak 22 velocity
22 velocity 23 between
23 between 26 groups
24 the 25 two
25 two 26 groups

conclusion : elderly patients with osahs demonstrated cardiac structural changes and their left [ventricular] diastolic and systolic functions were significantly diminished . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 patients
3 elderly 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
5 with 10 changes
6 osahs 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 10 changes
8 cardiac 10 changes
9 structural 10 changes
11 and 18 functions
11 and 21 diminished
12 their 18 functions
13 left 18 functions
15 diastolic 16 and
16 and 17 systolic
16 and 18 functions
18 functions 19 were
19 were 21 diminished
20 significantly 21 diminished

behavioral symptoms are common in all types of dementia and often result in significant caregiver stress and illness , institutionalization of the patient , and reduced quality of life for the patient and caregiver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 behavioral 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 are
3 are 10 and
4 common 5 in
4 common 10 and
5 in 9 dementia
6 all 7 types
7 types 8 of
7 types 9 dementia
8 of 9 dementia
10 and 11 often
10 and 12 result
12 result 13 in
13 in 25 and
14 significant 16 stress
15 caregiver 16 stress
16 stress 17 and
17 and 18 illness
17 and 20 institutionalization
17 and 25 and
19 , 20 institutionalization
20 institutionalization 21 of
20 institutionalization 24 ,
21 of 23 patient
22 the 23 patient
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 quality
25 and 28 of
25 and 30 for
26 reduced 27 quality
28 of 29 life
30 for 33 and
31 the 32 patient
32 patient 33 and
33 and 34 caregiver

health care practitioners often lack the expertise or time to adequately assess behavioral symptoms or counsel caregivers about interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 practitioners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 health 3 practitioners
2 care 3 practitioners
3 practitioners 5 lack
4 often 5 lack
5 lack 7 expertise
6 the 7 expertise
8 or 9 time
8 or 17 caregivers
9 time 10 to
9 time 15 or
9 time 17 caregivers
10 to 15 or
11 adequately 12 assess
12 assess 14 symptoms
12 assess 15 or
13 behavioral 14 symptoms
15 or 16 counsel
17 caregivers 18 about
18 about 19 interventions

our goal was to implement a specialty clinic managed by advanced practice nurses to assess and manage behavioral symptoms associated with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 goal
2 goal 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 16 and
4 to 16 and
5 implement 8 clinic
5 implement 16 and
6 a 8 clinic
7 specialty 8 clinic
8 clinic 9 managed
9 managed 10 by
10 by 13 nurses
11 advanced 12 practice
12 practice 13 nurses
13 nurses 14 to
13 nurses 15 assess
14 to 15 assess
16 and 17 manage
17 manage 19 symptoms
18 behavioral 19 symptoms
19 symptoms 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 dementia

the clinic evaluations consisted of an assessment of the patient by the nurse practitioner during the time that the family caregiver [(] [s] [ )(was interviewed by the clinical nurse specialist and focused on an assessment of the cognitive and functional abilities of the patient , identification of triggers for the problematic behaviors , and assessment of caregiver coping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 the 3 evaluations
2 clinic 3 evaluations
3 evaluations 32 and
4 consisted 5 of
4 consisted 32 and
5 of 7 assessment
6 an 7 assessment
7 assessment 8 of
7 assessment 11 by
7 assessment 15 during
8 of 10 patient
9 the 10 patient
11 by 14 practitioner
12 the 14 practitioner
13 nurse 14 practitioner
15 during 17 time
16 the 17 time
17 time 18 that
17 time 26 interviewed
18 that 20 family
18 that 26 interviewed
19 the 20 family
20 family 21 caregiver
20 family 25 )(was
20 family 26 interviewed
21 caregiver 25 )(was
26 interviewed 27 by
27 by 31 specialist
28 the 31 specialist
29 clinical 30 nurse
30 nurse 31 specialist
32 and 33 focused
32 and 34 on
34 on 36 assessment
35 an 36 assessment
36 assessment 37 of
37 of 40 and
38 the 39 cognitive
39 cognitive 40 and
40 and 42 abilities
41 functional 42 abilities
42 abilities 43 of
43 of 45 patient
44 the 45 patient
46 , 55 and
47 identification 48 of
47 identification 55 and
48 of 49 triggers
49 triggers 50 for
50 for 53 behaviors
51 the 53 behaviors
52 problematic 53 behaviors
54 , 55 and
55 and 56 assessment
55 and 57 of
57 of 58 caregiver
58 caregiver 59 coping

we evaluated 66 dyads since implementation in february 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 dyads
2 evaluated 5 since
2 evaluated 7 in
3 66 4 dyads
5 since 6 implementation
7 in 8 february
8 february 9 2010

the patients were primarily female , caucasian , 74.3 years of age with alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 primarily
3 were 10 years
5 female 7 caucasian
5 female 8 ,
5 female 10 years
6 , 7 caucasian
7 caucasian 8 ,
9 74.3 10 years
10 years 11 of
11 of 12 age
12 age 13 with
13 with 16 disease
14 alzheimer 15 's
15 's 16 disease

the majority of caregivers [were] spouses ( n = 44 ) followed by adult children ( n = 20 ) and [then] siblings ( n = 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 21 and
3 of 4 caregivers
4 caregivers 6 spouses
4 caregivers 12 followed
6 spouses 9 =
6 spouses 12 followed
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 44
9 = 11 )
12 followed 13 by
13 by 15 children
14 adult 15 children
15 children 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 n 18 =
18 = 19 20
18 = 20 )
21 and 23 siblings
21 and 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 2
26 = 28 )

targeted interventions were developed and caregiver counseling , support , and education were an integral part of the consultation and included written information , video instruction , and internet resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 targeted 2 interventions
2 interventions 3 were
3 were 4 developed
5 and 11 and
5 and 20 and
6 caregiver 7 counseling
7 counseling 8 ,
8 , 9 support
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 education
11 and 20 and
13 were 19 consultation
13 were 20 and
14 an 16 part
15 integral 16 part
16 part 17 of
16 part 19 consultation
17 of 19 consultation
18 the 19 consultation
20 and 21 included
20 and 28 and
22 written 23 information
23 information 24 ,
24 , 26 instruction
24 , 28 and
25 video 26 instruction
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 resources
29 internet 30 resources

evaluations indicated caregivers and referring providers found the appointment helpful in managing behavioral symptoms and caregiver stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evaluations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 stress
1 evaluations 2 indicated
2 indicated 4 and
2 indicated 7 found
3 caregivers 4 and
4 and 6 providers
4 and 7 found
5 referring 6 providers
7 found 15 and
7 found 17 stress
8 the 9 appointment
9 appointment 10 helpful
9 appointment 15 and
10 helpful 11 in
11 in 12 managing
12 managing 14 symptoms
13 behavioral 14 symptoms
15 and 16 caregiver
15 and 17 stress
17 stress 18 .

importance : hospitalized older adults often lack decisional capacity , but outside of the intensive care unit and end - [of] - life care settings , little is known about the frequency of decision making by family members or other surrogates or its implications for hospital care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 5 adults
2 : 7 lack
2 : 22 -
2 : 26 ,
3 hospitalized 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 7 lack
6 often 7 lack
7 lack 9 capacity
7 lack 11 but
8 decisional 9 capacity
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 of
11 but 20 -
12 outside 13 of
13 of 18 and
14 the 17 unit
15 intensive 16 care
16 care 17 unit
17 unit 18 and
18 and 19 end
22 - 25 settings
23 life 25 settings
24 care 25 settings
26 , 27 little
26 , 29 known
27 little 28 is
28 is 29 known
29 known 30 about
29 known 36 by
29 known 45 for
30 about 32 frequency
31 the 32 frequency
32 frequency 33 of
33 of 35 making
34 decision 35 making
36 by 42 or
37 family 38 members
38 members 39 or
39 or 41 surrogates
39 or 42 or
40 other 41 surrogates
42 or 44 implications
43 its 44 implications
45 for 47 care
46 hospital 47 care

objective : to describe the scope of surrogate decision making , the hospital course , and outcomes for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 6 scope
4 describe 18 for
5 the 6 scope
6 scope 7 of
7 of 16 and
8 surrogate 9 decision
9 decision 10 making
9 decision 11 ,
11 , 14 course
11 , 16 and
12 the 14 course
13 hospital 14 course
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 outcomes
18 for 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

design , setting , and participants : prospective , observational study conducted in medicine and medical intensive care unit services of 2 hospitals in 1 midwestern city in 1083 hospitalized older adults identified by their physicians as requiring major medical decisions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
5 and 6 participants
6 participants 7 :
7 : 11 study
7 : 13 in
7 : 28 in
8 prospective 9 ,
8 prospective 11 study
10 observational 11 study
11 study 12 conducted
13 in 15 and
14 medicine 15 and
15 and 20 services
15 and 21 of
16 medical 18 care
17 intensive 18 care
18 care 20 services
19 unit 20 services
21 of 23 hospitals
22 2 23 hospitals
23 hospitals 24 in
24 in 27 city
25 1 27 city
26 midwestern 27 city
28 in 29 1083
29 1083 30 hospitalized
29 1083 32 adults
29 1083 33 identified
29 1083 34 by
29 1083 37 as
31 older 32 adults
32 adults 33 identified
34 by 36 physicians
35 their 36 physicians
37 as 41 decisions
38 requiring 41 decisions
39 major 41 decisions
40 medical 41 decisions

main outcomes and measures : clinical characteristics , hospital outcomes , nature of major medical decisions , and surrogate involvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 :
5 : 7 characteristics
6 clinical 7 characteristics
7 characteristics 10 outcomes
8 , 10 outcomes
9 hospital 10 outcomes
10 outcomes 11 ,
11 , 18 and
12 nature 13 of
12 nature 18 and
13 of 16 decisions
14 major 16 decisions
15 medical 16 decisions
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 involvement
19 surrogate 20 involvement

results : according to physician reports , at 48 hours of hospitalization , 47.4 % ( 95 % ci , 44.4 % - 50.4 % ) of older adults required at least some surrogate involvement [,] including 23.0 % ( 20.6 % - 25.6 % ) with all decisions made by a surrogate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 to
3 according 4 to
4 to 6 reports
5 physician 6 reports
6 reports 8 at
7 , 8 at
8 at 10 hours
8 at 54 .
9 48 10 hours
10 hours 11 of
10 hours 35 involvement
10 hours 50 made
11 of 12 hospitalization
12 hospitalization 15 %
12 hospitalization 25 %
13 , 15 %
14 47.4 15 %
15 % 19 ci
15 % 23 -
16 ( 19 ci
17 95 19 ci
18 % 19 ci
19 ci 22 %
19 ci 23 -
20 , 22 %
21 44.4 22 %
22 % 23 -
23 - 25 %
24 50.4 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 of 29 adults
27 of 35 involvement
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 30 required
31 at 32 least
32 least 35 involvement
33 some 35 involvement
34 surrogate 35 involvement
35 involvement 37 including
35 involvement 47 with
35 involvement 50 made
37 including 39 %
38 23.0 39 %
39 % 42 %
40 ( 42 %
41 20.6 42 %
42 % 45 %
42 % 46 )
43 - 45 %
44 25.6 45 %
45 % 46 )
47 with 49 decisions
48 all 49 decisions
50 made 51 by
50 made 53 surrogate
52 a 53 surrogate

among patients who required a surrogate for at least 1 decision within 48 hours , 57.2 % required decisions about life - sustaining care ( mostly addressing code status ) , 48.6 % about procedures and operations , and 46.9 % [about] discharge planning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 among 2 patients
1 among 15 ,
1 among 17 %
2 patients 3 who
2 patients 4 required
3 who 4 required
4 required 6 surrogate
4 required 7 for
4 required 12 within
5 a 6 surrogate
7 for 11 decision
8 at 9 least
9 least 10 1
10 1 11 decision
12 within 14 hours
13 48 14 hours
16 57.2 17 %
17 % 18 required
18 required 19 decisions
18 required 20 about
18 required 23 sustaining
20 about 21 life
22 - 23 sustaining
23 sustaining 24 care
23 sustaining 38 ,
24 care 27 addressing
24 care 33 %
25 ( 27 addressing
26 mostly 27 addressing
27 addressing 29 status
27 addressing 30 )
28 code 29 status
31 , 33 %
32 48.6 33 %
33 % 34 about
33 % 38 ,
34 about 36 and
35 procedures 36 and
36 and 37 operations
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 %
39 and 43 discharge
40 46.9 41 %
41 % 43 discharge
43 discharge 44 planning

patients who needed a surrogate experienced a more complex hospital course with greater use of ventilators [(] 2.5 % of patients who made decisions and 13.2 % of patients who required any surrogate decisions [;] p < .001[!] [ )( artificial nutrition [(] 1.7 % of patients and 14.4 % of surrogates [;] p < .001[!] [ )( [and] length of stay ( median , 6 days for patients and 7 days for surrogates [;] p < .001[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 experienced
1 patients 2 who
1 patients 3 needed
1 patients 6 experienced
2 who 3 needed
3 needed 5 surrogate
4 a 5 surrogate
6 experienced 11 course
7 a 11 course
8 more 9 complex
9 complex 10 hospital
10 hospital 11 course
11 course 12 with
11 course 15 of
12 with 14 use
13 greater 14 use
15 of 27 %
16 ventilators 25 and
18 2.5 19 %
18 2.5 25 and
19 % 20 of
19 % 22 who
19 % 23 made
20 of 21 patients
22 who 23 made
23 made 24 decisions
25 and 26 13.2
26 13.2 27 %
27 % 28 of
27 % 37 <
28 of 29 patients
29 patients 30 who
29 patients 31 required
30 who 31 required
31 required 34 decisions
32 any 34 decisions
33 surrogate 34 decisions
36 p 37 <
37 < 42 nutrition
38 .001[!] 42 nutrition
41 artificial 42 nutrition
42 nutrition 48 and
44 1.7 45 %
44 1.7 48 and
45 % 46 of
46 of 47 patients
48 and 49 14.4
49 14.4 50 %
50 % 51 of
50 % 55 <
51 of 52 surrogates
52 surrogates 54 p
55 < 60 length
56 .001[!] 60 length
60 length 61 of
61 of 62 stay
62 stay 70 and
63 ( 70 and
64 median 65 ,
65 , 67 days
65 , 70 and
66 6 67 days
67 days 68 for
68 for 69 patients
70 and 72 days
70 and 73 for
70 and 77 <
70 and 80 .
71 7 72 days
73 for 74 surrogates
76 p 77 <
77 < 78 .001[!]
77 < 79 )

they were more likely to be discharged to an extended [-] care facility ( 21.2 % with patient decisions and 40.9 % [with] surrogate decisions [;] p < .001[!] ) and had higher hospital mortality ( 0.0 % patients and 5.9 % surrogates ; p < .001[!] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 )(
1 they 31 and
2 were 5 to
2 were 7 discharged
2 were 31 and
3 more 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 discharged
7 discharged 8 to
8 to 13 facility
9 an 13 facility
10 extended 12 care
12 care 13 facility
13 facility 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 21.2 16 %
16 % 17 with
16 % 30 )
17 with 20 and
18 patient 19 decisions
19 decisions 20 and
20 and 25 decisions
20 and 28 <
21 40.9 25 decisions
22 % 24 surrogate
24 surrogate 25 decisions
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 .001[!]
31 and 32 had
32 had 35 mortality
33 higher 34 hospital
34 hospital 35 mortality
35 mortality 40 and
36 ( 40 and
37 0.0 38 %
38 % 39 patients
39 patients 40 and
40 and 43 surrogates
40 and 44 ;
41 5.9 43 surrogates
42 % 43 surrogates
44 ; 45 p
44 ; 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 47 .001[!]

most surrogates were daughters ( 58.9 % ) , sons ( 25.0 % ) , [or] spouses ( 20.6 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 surrogates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 most 2 surrogates
2 surrogates 3 were
3 were 4 daughters
4 daughters 7 %
4 daughters 10 sons
4 daughters 17 spouses
5 ( 7 %
6 58.9 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 , 10 sons
10 sons 13 %
10 sons 15 ,
11 ( 13 %
12 25.0 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 , 17 spouses
17 spouses 20 %
17 spouses 21 )
18 ( 20 %
19 20.6 20 %
20 % 21 )

overall , only 7.4 % had a living will and 25.0 % had a health care representative document in the medical record . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 , 12 %
2 , 13 had
3 only 4 7.4
4 7.4 5 %
4 7.4 10 and
5 % 6 had
6 had 9 will
7 a 9 will
8 living 9 will
10 and 11 25.0
10 and 12 %
12 % 13 had
13 had 18 document
14 a 15 health
14 a 18 document
15 health 18 document
16 care 18 document
17 representative 18 document
18 document 19 in
19 in 22 record
20 the 22 record
21 medical 22 record

conclusions and relevance : surrogate decision making occurs for nearly half of hospitalized older adults and includes both complete decision making by the surrogate and joint decision making by the patient and surrogate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 5 surrogate
4 : 13 hospitalized
4 : 16 and
4 : 34 .
5 surrogate 7 making
5 surrogate 12 of
5 surrogate 13 hospitalized
6 decision 7 making
7 making 8 occurs
8 occurs 9 for
9 for 11 half
10 nearly 11 half
11 half 12 of
13 hospitalized 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 and 17 includes
16 and 19 complete
17 includes 19 complete
18 both 19 complete
19 complete 25 and
20 decision 21 making
20 decision 25 and
21 making 22 by
21 making 24 surrogate
23 the 24 surrogate
25 and 27 decision
25 and 28 making
26 joint 27 decision
28 making 29 by
28 making 32 and
30 the 31 patient
31 patient 32 and
32 and 33 surrogate

surrogates commonly face a broad range of decisions in the intensive care unit and the hospital ward setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 surrogates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 surrogates 3 face
2 commonly 3 face
3 face 6 range
3 face 9 in
4 a 5 broad
4 a 6 range
5 broad 6 range
6 range 7 of
7 of 8 decisions
9 in 14 and
10 the 13 unit
11 intensive 12 care
12 care 13 unit
13 unit 14 and
14 and 17 ward
14 and 18 setting
15 the 17 ward
16 hospital 17 ward

hospital functions should be redesigned to account for the large and growing role of surrogates [,] supporting them [as] they make health care decisions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 hospital 2 functions
2 functions 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 redesigned
5 redesigned 6 to
5 redesigned 8 for
6 to 7 account
8 for 11 and
9 the 10 large
10 large 11 and
11 and 13 role
11 and 14 of
11 and 20 they
11 and 21 make
12 growing 13 role
14 of 15 surrogates
15 surrogates 17 supporting
17 supporting 18 them
20 they 21 make
21 make 23 care
21 make 24 decisions
22 health 23 care

microglia , the immune cells of the central nervous system [,] have long been a subject of study in the alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) [field] due to their dramatic responses to the pathophysiology of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 microglia 2 ,
1 microglia 5 cells
3 the 5 cells
4 immune 5 cells
5 cells 6 of
5 cells 12 have
6 of 10 system
7 the 10 system
8 central 10 system
9 nervous 10 system
12 have 14 been
13 long 14 been
14 been 16 subject
14 been 19 in
14 been 29 to
15 a 16 subject
16 subject 17 of
17 of 18 study
19 in 23 disease
20 the 21 alzheimer
21 alzheimer 22 's
22 's 23 disease
23 disease 25 ad
24 ( 25 ad
25 ad 26 )
28 due 29 to
29 to 32 responses
30 their 32 responses
31 dramatic 32 responses
32 responses 33 to
32 responses 36 of
33 to 35 pathophysiology
34 the 35 pathophysiology
36 of 38 disease
37 the 38 disease

with several large - scale genetic studies in the past year implicating microglial molecules in ad , the potential significance of these cells has become more prominent than ever before . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 with 7 studies
1 with 17 ,
1 with 20 significance
2 several 7 studies
3 large 4 -
3 large 5 scale
5 scale 7 studies
6 genetic 7 studies
7 studies 8 in
7 studies 12 implicating
8 in 11 year
9 the 11 year
10 past 11 year
12 implicating 14 molecules
12 implicating 15 in
13 microglial 14 molecules
15 in 16 ad
18 the 20 significance
19 potential 20 significance
20 significance 21 of
20 significance 24 has
21 of 23 cells
22 these 23 cells
24 has 25 become
25 become 27 prominent
26 more 27 prominent
27 prominent 29 ever
27 prominent 30 before
28 than 29 ever

as a disease that is tightly linked to aging , it is perhaps not entirely surprising that microglia of the ad brain share some phenotypes with aging microglia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 as 3 disease
1 as 10 ,
1 as 11 it
2 a 3 disease
3 disease 7 linked
3 disease 8 to
4 that 5 is
5 is 7 linked
6 tightly 7 linked
8 to 9 aging
11 it 12 is
12 is 14 not
12 is 16 surprising
13 perhaps 14 not
15 entirely 16 surprising
16 surprising 18 microglia
16 surprising 26 with
17 that 18 microglia
18 microglia 19 of
18 microglia 24 some
18 microglia 25 phenotypes
19 of 23 share
20 the 23 share
21 ad 22 brain
22 brain 23 share
24 some 25 phenotypes
26 with 27 aging
27 aging 28 microglia

yet the relative impacts of both conditions on microglia are less frequently considered in concert . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 yet 4 impacts
2 the 4 impacts
3 relative 4 impacts
4 impacts 5 of
4 impacts 10 are
5 of 7 conditions
6 both 7 conditions
7 conditions 8 on
8 on 9 microglia
10 are 13 considered
11 less 12 frequently
12 frequently 13 considered
13 considered 15 concert
14 in 15 concert

furthermore , microglial " activation " and " neuroinflammation " are commonly analyzed in studies of neurodegeneration but are somewhat ill - defined concepts [that] in fact encompass multiple cellular processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 and
3 microglial 4 "
3 microglial 5 activation
5 activation 6 "
5 activation 7 and
7 and 8 "
7 and 9 neuroinflammation
7 and 11 are
9 neuroinflammation 10 "
11 are 13 analyzed
12 commonly 13 analyzed
13 analyzed 14 in
14 in 15 studies
15 studies 16 of
16 of 17 neurodegeneration
18 but 19 are
18 but 28 encompass
19 are 24 concepts
19 are 28 encompass
20 somewhat 21 ill
21 ill 22 -
21 ill 24 concepts
23 defined 24 concepts
26 in 27 fact
27 fact 28 encompass
28 encompass 31 processes
29 multiple 31 processes
30 cellular 31 processes

in this review , we have enumerated six distinct functions of microglia and discuss the specific effects of both aging and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 13 and
6 have 7 enumerated
6 have 13 and
7 enumerated 10 functions
8 six 10 functions
9 distinct 10 functions
10 functions 11 of
11 of 12 microglia
13 and 14 discuss
14 discuss 21 and
15 the 17 effects
16 specific 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
17 effects 21 and
18 of 19 both
19 both 20 aging
21 and 22 ad

by calling attention to the commonalities of these two states , we hope to inspire new approaches for dissecting microglial mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 hope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 by 2 calling
1 by 11 ,
1 by 12 we
2 calling 3 attention
2 calling 4 to
4 to 6 commonalities
5 the 6 commonalities
6 commonalities 7 of
7 of 10 states
8 these 9 two
9 two 10 states
12 we 13 hope
13 hope 14 to
13 hope 15 inspire
14 to 15 inspire
15 inspire 17 approaches
16 new 17 approaches
17 approaches 18 for
18 for 19 dissecting
19 dissecting 21 mechanisms
20 microglial 21 mechanisms

the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of risk factors of erectile dysfunction ( ed ) after transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 impact
8 evaluate 20 after
8 evaluate 29 in
8 evaluate 31 with
8 evaluate 37 by
9 the 10 impact
10 impact 11 of
11 of 13 factors
12 risk 13 factors
13 factors 14 of
14 of 16 dysfunction
15 erectile 16 dysfunction
16 dysfunction 18 ed
17 ( 18 ed
18 ed 19 )
20 after 22 resection
21 transurethral 22 resection
22 resection 23 of
22 resection 27 turp
23 of 25 prostate
24 the 25 prostate
26 ( 27 turp
27 turp 28 )
29 in 30 men
31 with 35 symptoms
32 lower 34 tract
33 urinary 34 tract
34 tract 35 symptoms
35 symptoms 36 caused
37 by 40 obstruction
38 bladder 40 obstruction
39 outlet 40 obstruction
40 obstruction 41 secondary
41 secondary 42 to
42 to 45 hyperplasia
43 benign 45 hyperplasia
44 prostatic 45 hyperplasia

the study was conducted prospectively on 178 consecutive patients ( normal iief - 5 before surgery , ≥ 22 ) who underwent turp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 prospectively
4 conducted 6 on
6 on 9 patients
7 178 9 patients
8 consecutive 9 patients
9 patients 12 iief
10 ( 12 iief
11 normal 12 iief
12 iief 13 -
13 - 14 5
14 5 15 before
14 5 21 who
14 5 22 underwent
15 before 16 surgery
16 surgery 18 ≥
17 , 18 ≥
18 ≥ 19 22
18 ≥ 20 )
21 who 22 underwent
22 underwent 23 turp

patients were assessed before surgery and at 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 assessed
3 assessed 6 and
4 before 5 surgery
4 before 6 and
6 and 7 at
7 at 9 months
8 12 9 months

at 12 months , the iief - 5 score significantly decreased from24 to 18 ( p<0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 at 3 months
1 at 8 5
2 12 3 months
3 months 6 iief
4 , 6 iief
5 the 6 iief
6 iief 7 -
8 5 9 score
9 score 12 from24
9 score 13 to
10 significantly 11 decreased
11 decreased 12 from24
13 to 14 18
14 18 16 p<0.0001
15 ( 16 p<0.0001
16 p<0.0001 17 )

no statistical associations were found between hypertension [,] diabetes , dyslipidemia and capsular perforation and the development of ed after turp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 no 3 associations
2 statistical 3 associations
3 associations 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 between
5 found 20 after
6 between 15 and
7 hypertension 9 diabetes
9 diabetes 10 ,
10 , 11 dyslipidemia
10 , 12 and
12 and 14 perforation
12 and 15 and
13 capsular 14 perforation
15 and 17 development
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 development
18 of 19 ed
20 after 21 turp

operating time , duration of catheterization , and bmi did not determine a significant decrease of the iief - 5 score after turp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 operating 2 time
1 operating 3 ,
1 operating 8 and
4 duration 5 of
4 duration 8 and
5 of 6 catheterization
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 bmi
8 and 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 determine
12 determine 15 decrease
13 a 14 significant
13 a 15 decrease
14 significant 15 decrease
15 decrease 16 of
16 of 18 iief
17 the 18 iief
19 - 20 5
19 - 21 score
20 5 21 score
21 score 22 after
22 after 23 turp

on univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis , age was the only risk factor associated with newly [-] reported ed 12 months after turp ( p<0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 on 7 analysis
1 on 8 ,
1 on 9 age
2 univariable 3 and
3 and 4 multivariable
3 and 7 analysis
5 linear 7 analysis
6 regression 7 analysis
9 age 10 was
10 was 14 factor
11 the 12 only
11 the 14 factor
13 risk 14 factor
14 factor 15 associated
14 factor 26 p<0.0001
15 associated 16 with
16 with 20 ed
17 newly 19 reported
19 reported 20 ed
20 ed 21 12
20 ed 23 after
22 months 23 after
23 after 24 turp
25 ( 26 p<0.0001
26 p<0.0001 27 )

on univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis , patients older than 65 yr had an higher risk of developing ed after turp ( p<0.0001 ) and they developed a lower iief - 5 score ( p<0.0001 ) at followup when compared with those ≤ 65 yr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
1 on 6 analysis
1 on 7 ,
1 on 8 patients
2 univariable 4 logistic
3 andmultivariable 4 logistic
4 logistic 6 analysis
5 regression 6 analysis
8 patients 9 older
8 patients 13 had
9 older 10 than
10 than 12 yr
11 65 12 yr
13 had 16 risk
14 an 16 risk
15 higher 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 18 developing
18 developing 19 ed
18 developing 20 after
18 developing 41 with
20 after 25 and
20 after 27 developed
21 turp 23 p<0.0001
21 turp 25 and
22 ( 23 p<0.0001
23 p<0.0001 24 )
25 and 26 they
25 and 27 developed
27 developed 30 iief
27 developed 37 at
27 developed 39 when
28 a 30 iief
29 lower 30 iief
30 iief 32 5
30 iief 33 score
30 iief 35 p<0.0001
31 - 32 5
32 5 33 score
34 ( 35 p<0.0001
35 p<0.0001 36 )
37 at 38 followup
39 when 40 compared
41 with 43 ≤
41 with 45 yr
42 those 43 ≤
44 65 45 yr
45 yr 46 .

these results suggest that age of patients represents an independent risk factor of ed at 12 months follow - up after turp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 age
4 that 8 represents
5 age 6 of
5 age 8 represents
6 of 7 patients
8 represents 12 factor
8 represents 15 at
9 an 12 factor
10 independent 12 factor
11 risk 12 factor
12 factor 13 of
13 of 14 ed
15 at 16 12
16 12 17 months
16 12 18 follow
16 12 20 up
17 months 18 follow
19 - 20 up
20 up 21 after
20 up 23 .
21 after 22 turp

objective : to understand and examine the relation between postural response latencies obtained during postural perturbations and representative measures of balance during standing ( sway variables ) [and] walking ( trunk motion ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 5 and
3 to 5 and
4 understand 5 and
5 and 6 examine
5 and 9 between
5 and 14 during
5 and 19 measures
6 examine 8 relation
7 the 8 relation
9 between 12 latencies
10 postural 11 response
11 response 12 latencies
12 latencies 13 obtained
14 during 17 and
15 postural 16 perturbations
16 perturbations 17 and
17 and 18 representative
19 measures 20 of
20 of 21 balance
21 balance 22 during
21 balance 29 walking
21 balance 32 motion
22 during 23 standing
23 standing 26 variables
24 ( 26 variables
25 sway 26 variables
26 variables 27 )
30 ( 32 motion
31 trunk 32 motion
32 motion 33 )

design : [cross] [-] sectional . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 sectional

setting : university medical center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 center
2 : 6 .
3 university 5 center
4 medical 5 center

participants : persons with multiple sclerosis [(] [ms] [ )(( n=40 ) were compared with similar aged control subjects ( n=20 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 persons
2 : 14 compared
3 persons 4 with
3 persons 13 were
4 with 6 sclerosis
5 multiple 6 sclerosis
6 sclerosis 11 n=40
10 )(( 11 n=40
11 n=40 12 )
13 were 14 compared
14 compared 15 with
15 with 19 subjects
16 similar 18 control
17 aged 18 control
18 control 19 subjects
19 subjects 21 n=20
20 ( 21 n=20
21 n=20 22 )

there were 20 subjects with [ms] [in] the normal [walking] velocity group and 20 subjects with [ms] who had slow walking velocity based on a timed 25 [-] foot walk ( t25fw ) of < 5 seconds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 subjects
3 20 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
5 with 11 velocity
5 with 22 velocity
5 with 23 based
8 the 11 velocity
9 normal 11 velocity
11 velocity 13 and
11 velocity 19 had
11 velocity 21 walking
12 group 13 and
13 and 15 subjects
13 and 16 with
13 and 19 had
14 20 15 subjects
16 with 18 who
19 had 20 slow
22 velocity 23 based
23 based 24 on
23 based 37 seconds
24 on 30 walk
25 a 30 walk
26 timed 30 walk
27 25 29 foot
29 foot 30 walk
30 walk 32 t25fw
30 walk 34 of
31 ( 32 t25fw
32 t25fw 33 )
34 of 36 5
35 < 36 5

interventions : none . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 none
2 : 4 .

main outcome measures : postural response latency , sway variables , trunk motion variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 7 latency
5 postural 6 response
6 response 7 latency
7 latency 10 variables
8 , 10 variables
9 sway 10 variables
10 variables 11 ,
11 , 14 variables
12 trunk 14 variables
13 motion 14 variables

results : we found that subjects with [ms] [with] both slow or normal walking velocities had significantly longer postural response latencies than the healthy control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
4 found 16 had
5 that 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 with
6 subjects 12 or
7 with 10 both
11 slow 12 or
12 or 13 normal
12 or 14 walking
15 velocities 16 had
16 had 21 latencies
16 had 22 than
16 had 26 group
17 significantly 18 longer
18 longer 21 latencies
19 postural 21 latencies
20 response 21 latencies
22 than 25 control
23 the 25 control
24 healthy 25 control

postural response latency was not correlated with the t25fw . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 latency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 postural 2 response
2 response 3 latency
3 latency 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 7 with
5 not 6 correlated
7 with 9 t25fw
8 the 9 t25fw

postural response latency was significantly correlated with center [of] pressure sway variables during quiet standing ( root mean square [:] ρ=.334 , p=.04 ; range : ρ=.385 , p=.017 ; mean velocity : ρ=.337 , p=.038 ; total sway area : ρ=.393 , p=.015 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 postural
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 postural 4 was
1 postural 7 with
1 postural 13 during
2 response 3 latency
3 latency 4 was
4 was 5 significantly
4 was 6 correlated
7 with 12 variables
8 center 10 pressure
10 pressure 12 variables
11 sway 12 variables
13 during 15 standing
14 quiet 15 standing
15 standing 21 ρ=.334
16 ( 21 ρ=.334
17 root 19 square
18 mean 19 square
19 square 21 ρ=.334
21 ρ=.334 22 ,
22 , 23 p=.04
22 , 24 ;
24 ; 25 range
24 ; 26 :
26 : 27 ρ=.385
26 : 30 ;
27 ρ=.385 29 p=.017
28 , 29 p=.017
29 p=.017 30 ;
30 ; 32 velocity
30 ; 33 :
30 ; 37 ;
31 mean 32 velocity
32 velocity 33 :
33 : 34 ρ=.337
34 ρ=.337 36 p=.038
35 , 36 p=.038
36 p=.038 37 ;
37 ; 40 area
38 total 40 area
39 sway 40 area
40 area 41 :
41 : 42 ρ=.393
42 ρ=.393 44 p=.015
43 , 44 p=.015
44 p=.015 45 )

postural response latency was also significantly correlated with motion of the trunk [during] walking ( sagittal plane range of motion : ρ=.316 , p=.05 ; sd [of] transverse plane range of motion : ρ= - [.] 43 , p=.006 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 latency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 :
1 postural 2 response
2 response 3 latency
3 latency 4 was
4 was 5 also
4 was 7 correlated
6 significantly 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
8 with 9 motion
9 motion 10 of
9 motion 18 range
10 of 12 trunk
11 the 12 trunk
12 trunk 14 walking
15 ( 18 range
16 sagittal 17 plane
17 plane 18 range
18 range 19 of
18 range 21 :
19 of 20 motion
21 : 24 p=.05
21 : 25 ;
21 : 41 .
22 ρ=.316 23 ,
22 ρ=.316 24 p=.05
25 ; 30 range
25 ; 33 :
26 sd 30 range
28 transverse 29 plane
29 plane 30 range
30 range 31 of
30 range 33 :
31 of 32 motion
33 : 34 ρ=
34 ρ= 37 43
35 - 37 43
37 43 39 p=.006
37 43 40 )
38 , 39 p=.006
39 p=.006 40 )

conclusions : these findings clearly indicate that slow postural responses to external perturbations in patients [with] [ms] contribute to disturbances in balance control during both standing [and] walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 6 indicate
2 : 29 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 6 indicate
5 clearly 6 indicate
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 10 responses
7 that 18 contribute
8 slow 10 responses
9 postural 10 responses
10 responses 11 to
10 responses 18 contribute
11 to 13 perturbations
12 external 13 perturbations
13 perturbations 14 in
14 in 15 patients
18 contribute 19 to
18 contribute 21 in
19 to 20 disturbances
21 in 23 control
22 balance 23 control
23 control 24 during
23 control 28 walking
24 during 25 both
25 both 26 standing

design : [walking] trials were collected for 110 participants ( 1.70 ± [0.09] m , 80 ± 14 [kg] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 trials
2 : 5 were
2 : 21 .
4 trials 5 were
5 were 6 collected
6 collected 7 for
7 for 9 participants
8 110 9 participants
9 participants 14 m
9 participants 17 ±
10 ( 14 m
11 1.70 14 m
12 ± 14 m
14 m 15 ,
15 , 17 ±
16 80 17 ±
17 ± 18 14
17 ± 20 )

there were 29 younger asymptomatic subjects ( 29 ± 4 years [ )(and 81 older participants ( 59 ± 9 years ) , that included 27 asymptomatic subjects and 28 and 26 patients with moderate and severe medial knee oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 6 subjects
3 29 6 subjects
4 younger 6 subjects
5 asymptomatic 6 subjects
6 subjects 13 )(and
7 ( 13 )(and
8 29 11 years
9 ± 11 years
10 4 11 years
11 years 13 )(and
13 )(and 16 participants
13 )(and 21 years
13 )(and 23 ,
14 81 16 participants
15 older 16 participants
17 ( 21 years
18 59 21 years
19 ± 21 years
20 9 21 years
21 years 22 )
23 , 24 that
23 , 25 included
24 that 25 included
25 included 29 and
25 included 34 with
26 27 29 and
27 asymptomatic 28 subjects
28 subjects 29 and
29 and 33 patients
30 28 31 and
31 and 32 26
31 and 33 patients
34 with 40 oa
35 moderate 36 and
36 and 37 severe
36 and 40 oa
38 medial 40 oa
39 knee 40 oa

discrete variables characterizing sagittal - plane knee function [were] [compared] [among] [the] four groups using anovas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 discrete 2 variables
2 variables 8 function
3 characterizing 8 function
4 sagittal 5 -
4 sagittal 6 plane
6 plane 8 function
7 knee 8 function
8 function 13 four
8 function 14 groups
14 groups 15 using
15 using 16 anovas

results : during the heel [-] strike portion of the gait cycle at preferred [walking] speed , the knee was less extended and the shank less inclined in the three older groups compared to the younger asymptomatic group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 during
2 : 13 at
3 during 8 portion
4 the 8 portion
5 heel 7 strike
7 strike 8 portion
8 portion 9 of
9 of 12 cycle
10 the 12 cycle
11 gait 12 cycle
13 at 16 speed
14 preferred 16 speed
17 , 19 knee
17 , 20 was
17 , 23 and
18 the 19 knee
19 knee 20 was
20 was 22 extended
21 less 22 extended
23 and 25 shank
23 and 33 compared
24 the 25 shank
25 shank 26 less
25 shank 27 inclined
25 shank 33 compared
26 less 27 inclined
27 inclined 28 in
28 in 32 groups
29 the 30 three
30 three 32 groups
31 older 32 groups
33 compared 34 to
34 to 38 group
35 the 38 group
36 younger 38 group
37 asymptomatic 38 group

there were similar differences between the severe oa group and the older asymptomatic and moderate oa groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
2 were 5 between
3 similar 4 differences
5 between 10 and
6 the 9 group
7 severe 9 group
8 oa 9 group
9 group 10 and
10 and 17 groups
11 the 17 groups
12 older 17 groups
13 asymptomatic 14 and
14 and 15 moderate
14 and 17 groups
16 oa 17 groups

both oa groups also had the femur less posterior relative to the tibia and smaller extension moment than the younger group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 both 3 groups
2 oa 3 groups
3 groups 5 had
4 also 5 had
5 had 17 moment
5 had 18 than
6 the 17 moment
7 femur 17 moment
8 less 9 posterior
9 posterior 16 extension
10 relative 11 to
10 relative 14 and
11 to 13 tibia
12 the 13 tibia
14 and 15 smaller
14 and 16 extension
16 extension 17 moment
18 than 21 group
19 the 21 group
20 younger 21 group

[during] terminal stance , the severe oa group had the knee less [extended] and smaller knee extension moment than the younger asymptomatic and older moderate oa groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 terminal 3 stance
4 , 8 group
4 , 9 had
5 the 8 group
6 severe 8 group
7 oa 8 group
8 group 9 had
9 had 18 moment
9 had 19 than
10 the 18 moment
11 knee 17 extension
12 less 14 and
14 and 15 smaller
14 and 16 knee
16 knee 17 extension
17 extension 18 moment
19 than 27 groups
20 the 27 groups
21 younger 25 moderate
22 asymptomatic 23 and
23 and 24 older
23 and 25 moderate
25 moderate 27 groups
26 oa 27 groups

conclusions : the differences in knee function , particularly those [during] heel - strike which were associated with both age and disease severity , could form a basis for looking at mechanical risk factors for initiation and progression of knee oa on a prospective basis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 differences
2 : 5 in
3 the 4 differences
5 in 7 function
6 knee 7 function
8 , 10 those
8 , 12 heel
8 , 13 -
9 particularly 10 those
10 those 12 heel
13 - 14 strike
14 strike 15 which
14 strike 24 ,
15 which 24 ,
16 were 17 associated
16 were 24 ,
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 and
19 both 21 and
20 age 21 and
21 and 23 severity
22 disease 23 severity
24 , 25 could
25 could 26 form
26 form 28 basis
26 form 31 at
27 a 28 basis
28 basis 29 for
29 for 30 looking
31 at 37 and
32 mechanical 34 factors
33 risk 34 factors
34 factors 35 for
34 factors 37 and
35 for 36 initiation
37 and 38 progression
37 and 46 .
38 progression 39 of
39 of 41 oa
40 knee 41 oa
41 oa 42 on
42 on 45 basis
43 a 45 basis
44 prospective 45 basis

many frail older adults are thin , weak , and undernourished ; this component of frailty remains a critical concern in the geriatric field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 many 4 adults
2 frail 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 are
5 are 10 and
6 thin 7 ,
7 , 8 weak
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 undernourished
12 ; 14 component
12 ; 17 remains
13 this 14 component
14 component 15 of
14 component 17 remains
15 of 16 frailty
17 remains 20 concern
17 remains 21 in
18 a 20 concern
19 critical 20 concern
21 in 24 field
22 the 24 field
23 geriatric 24 field

however , there is also strong evidence that excessive adiposity contributes to frailty by reducing the ability of older adults to perform physical activities and increasing metabolic instability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 5 also
4 is 7 evidence
4 is 14 by
6 strong 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 that
7 evidence 11 contributes
8 that 10 adiposity
8 that 11 contributes
9 excessive 10 adiposity
10 adiposity 11 contributes
11 contributes 12 to
12 to 13 frailty
14 by 15 reducing
15 reducing 17 ability
16 the 17 ability
17 ability 18 of
17 ability 21 to
17 ability 22 perform
18 of 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 to 22 perform
22 perform 25 and
23 physical 24 activities
24 activities 25 and
25 and 28 instability
26 increasing 28 instability
27 metabolic 28 instability

our scoping review explores the impact of being obese on physical frailty in older adults by summarizing the state of the science for both clinical markers of physical [function] and biomarkers for potential underlying causes of obesity - related decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 -
1 our 3 review
2 scoping 3 review
3 review 4 explores
4 explores 6 impact
4 explores 10 on
4 explores 13 in
4 explores 16 by
5 the 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
7 of 8 being
8 being 9 obese
10 on 12 frailty
11 physical 12 frailty
13 in 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 by 17 summarizing
17 summarizing 19 state
18 the 19 state
19 state 20 of
19 state 27 of
20 of 22 science
21 the 22 science
22 science 23 for
23 for 26 markers
24 both 26 markers
25 clinical 26 markers
27 of 30 and
28 physical 30 and
30 and 31 biomarkers
31 biomarkers 32 for
32 for 33 potential
33 potential 34 underlying
33 potential 36 of
34 underlying 35 causes
36 of 37 obesity
38 - 40 decline
38 - 41 .
39 related 40 decline

our initial search yielded 212 articles ; exclusion [of] cross - sectional and observational studies , cell culture and animal studies , disease - specific interventions , and articles published before 2001 led to a final result of 21 articles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 our 6 articles
2 initial 6 articles
3 search 4 yielded
4 yielded 6 articles
5 212 6 articles
7 ; 10 cross
7 ; 11 -
8 exclusion 10 cross
11 - 28 and
11 - 33 led
12 sectional 13 and
13 and 14 observational
13 and 15 studies
15 studies 16 ,
16 , 18 culture
16 , 19 and
17 cell 18 culture
19 and 21 studies
19 and 23 disease
19 and 28 and
20 animal 21 studies
22 , 23 disease
23 disease 26 interventions
23 disease 27 ,
24 - 26 interventions
25 specific 26 interventions
26 interventions 27 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 articles
28 and 30 published
28 and 31 before
28 and 33 led
31 before 32 2001
33 led 34 to
33 led 40 articles
34 to 37 result
35 a 36 final
35 a 37 result
36 final 37 result
37 result 38 of
38 of 39 21

findings of these trials included the following major points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 findings 2 of
1 findings 5 included
2 of 4 trials
3 these 4 trials
5 included 9 points
6 the 7 following
6 the 9 points
8 major 9 points

the literature consistently confirmed benefits of lifestyle interventions to [physical] function [assessed] at the clinical level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 literature
2 literature 4 confirmed
3 consistently 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 5 benefits
4 confirmed 9 to
5 benefits 6 of
6 of 8 interventions
7 lifestyle 8 interventions
9 to 11 function
11 function 13 at
13 at 16 level
14 the 16 level
15 clinical 16 level

generally speaking , weight loss alone produced a greater effect than exercise alone , and the best outcomes were achieved with a combination of weight loss and exercise , especially exercise programs that combined aerobic , resistance , and flexibility training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 generally 5 loss
2 speaking 3 ,
2 speaking 5 loss
4 weight 5 loss
5 loss 7 produced
6 alone 7 produced
7 produced 10 effect
7 produced 11 than
8 a 10 effect
9 greater 10 effect
11 than 12 exercise
11 than 20 achieved
12 exercise 18 outcomes
12 exercise 19 were
12 exercise 20 achieved
13 alone 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 best
15 and 18 outcomes
16 the 17 best
18 outcomes 19 were
20 achieved 21 with
21 with 27 and
22 a 23 combination
23 combination 24 of
23 combination 27 and
24 of 26 loss
25 weight 26 loss
27 and 28 exercise
27 and 29 ,
29 , 31 exercise
29 , 36 ,
30 especially 31 exercise
31 exercise 32 programs
32 programs 33 that
32 programs 34 combined
33 that 34 combined
34 combined 35 aerobic
36 , 41 training
37 resistance 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 flexibility
39 and 41 training

weight loss interventions tended to reduce markers of inflammation and/or oxidative damage when more [robust] weight reduction was achieved and maintained over time , whereas exercise did not change markers of inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tended
1 weight 3 interventions
2 loss 3 interventions
3 interventions 4 tended
4 tended 5 to
4 tended 18 was
5 to 6 reduce
6 reduce 7 markers
6 reduce 10 and/or
7 markers 8 of
8 of 9 inflammation
10 and/or 12 damage
11 oxidative 12 damage
12 damage 13 when
12 damage 18 was
13 when 14 more
13 when 16 weight
14 more 16 weight
16 weight 17 reduction
18 was 20 and
19 achieved 20 and
20 and 21 maintained
20 and 22 over
20 and 25 whereas
22 over 23 time
24 , 25 whereas
25 whereas 26 exercise
25 whereas 29 change
25 whereas 33 .
26 exercise 27 did
27 did 28 not
27 did 29 change
29 change 30 markers
30 markers 31 of
31 of 32 inflammation

however , participation in a chronic exercise program did reduce the oxidative stress induced by an acute bout of exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 participation
3 participation 4 in
3 participation 9 did
4 in 8 program
5 a 6 chronic
5 a 8 program
6 chronic 7 exercise
7 exercise 8 program
9 did 10 reduce
10 reduce 13 stress
11 the 13 stress
12 oxidative 13 stress
13 stress 14 induced
14 induced 15 by
15 by 18 bout
16 an 17 acute
16 an 18 bout
17 acute 18 bout
18 bout 19 of
19 of 20 exercise

weight loss interventions consistently reduced lipid accumulation in the muscle ; however , in response to exercise , 3 studies showed an increase and 2 a decrease in muscle lipid infiltration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 weight 2 loss
2 loss 3 interventions
3 interventions 5 reduced
4 consistently 5 reduced
5 reduced 7 accumulation
5 reduced 8 in
6 lipid 7 accumulation
8 in 10 muscle
9 the 10 muscle
11 ; 20 studies
11 ; 21 showed
12 however 20 studies
13 , 16 to
14 in 15 response
15 response 16 to
16 to 17 exercise
16 to 18 ,
16 to 20 studies
19 3 20 studies
20 studies 21 showed
21 showed 23 increase
21 showed 24 and
21 showed 28 in
22 an 23 increase
24 and 25 2
24 and 27 decrease
26 a 27 decrease
28 in 31 infiltration
29 muscle 31 infiltration
30 lipid 31 infiltration

in summary , this scoping review identified strong clinical evidence that weight reduction [and/or] exercise interventions can improve physical function [and] biomarkers of physical dysfunction among overweight/obese older adults , supporting the suggestion that excessive adiposity contributes to physical frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 improve
1 in 10 evidence
1 in 18 improve
2 summary 3 ,
2 summary 10 evidence
4 this 5 scoping
5 scoping 10 evidence
6 review 7 identified
7 identified 10 evidence
8 strong 9 clinical
9 clinical 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 that
11 that 16 interventions
11 that 17 can
12 weight 13 reduction
13 reduction 15 exercise
15 exercise 16 interventions
16 interventions 17 can
18 improve 22 biomarkers
18 improve 26 among
19 physical 20 function
20 function 22 biomarkers
22 biomarkers 23 of
23 of 25 dysfunction
24 physical 25 dysfunction
26 among 29 adults
27 overweight/obese 29 adults
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 31 supporting
30 , 31 supporting
31 supporting 33 suggestion
31 supporting 38 to
31 supporting 41 .
32 the 33 suggestion
33 suggestion 34 that
34 that 36 adiposity
34 that 37 contributes
35 excessive 36 adiposity
36 adiposity 37 contributes
38 to 40 frailty
39 physical 40 frailty

however , the evidence also suggests a complexity of metabolic influences , both [systemically] and [within] muscle , which has not been elucidated to date . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 evidence
3 the 4 evidence
4 evidence 6 suggests
5 also 6 suggests
6 suggests 8 complexity
7 a 8 complexity
8 complexity 9 of
8 complexity 19 which
8 complexity 20 has
9 of 11 influences
10 metabolic 11 influences
11 influences 15 and
12 , 15 and
13 both 15 and
15 and 17 muscle
15 and 18 ,
19 which 20 has
20 has 21 not
20 has 22 been
22 been 23 elucidated
23 elucidated 25 date
24 to 25 date

considerable further study is needed to examine the mechanisms by which lifestyle interventions influence physical frailty before the net impact of such interventions can be fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 considerable 3 study
1 considerable 7 examine
1 considerable 24 can
2 further 3 study
3 study 4 is
4 is 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 mechanisms
8 the 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 by
10 by 11 which
10 by 12 lifestyle
10 by 13 interventions
10 by 14 influence
11 which 12 lifestyle
13 interventions 14 influence
14 influence 16 frailty
14 influence 17 before
15 physical 16 frailty
17 before 20 impact
18 the 20 impact
19 net 20 impact
20 impact 21 of
21 of 23 interventions
22 such 23 interventions
24 can 25 be
25 be 26 fully
25 be 27 understood

bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide , [and] by definition not expected to recover with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 asthma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 bronchial 2 asthma
2 asthma 3 is
3 is 4 one
3 is 11 worldwide
3 is 14 by
4 one 5 of
5 of 10 diseases
6 the 7 most
7 most 10 diseases
8 common 10 diseases
9 chronic 10 diseases
12 , 14 by
14 by 15 definition
14 by 22 .
15 definition 16 not
16 not 17 expected
17 expected 18 to
17 expected 19 recover
18 to 19 recover
19 recover 20 with
20 with 21 aging

however , the concept that asthma can affect older individuals has been largely denied in the past . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 denied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 concept
3 the 4 concept
4 concept 5 that
4 concept 11 has
5 that 6 asthma
5 that 8 affect
6 asthma 7 can
7 can 8 affect
8 affect 10 individuals
9 older 10 individuals
11 has 12 been
12 been 14 denied
13 largely 14 denied
14 denied 15 in
15 in 17 past
16 the 17 past

in clinical practice , asthma that occurs in the most advanced ages is often diagnosed as copd , thus leading to undertreatment or improper treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 asthma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 diagnosed
1 in 3 practice
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 asthma
2 clinical 3 practice
5 asthma 6 that
5 asthma 7 occurs
5 asthma 13 is
6 that 7 occurs
7 occurs 8 in
8 in 12 ages
9 the 10 most
10 most 12 ages
11 advanced 12 ages
13 is 14 often
13 is 15 diagnosed
15 diagnosed 16 as
16 as 17 copd
17 copd 20 leading
18 , 20 leading
19 thus 20 leading
20 leading 21 to
20 leading 26 .
21 to 23 or
22 undertreatment 23 or
23 or 25 treatment
24 improper 25 treatment

the heterogeneity of clinical and functional presentation of geriatric asthma , including the partial loss of reversibility [and] of the allergic component , contributes to this misconception . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heterogeneity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 heterogeneity
2 heterogeneity 3 of
2 heterogeneity 12 including
2 heterogeneity 24 contributes
3 of 7 presentation
4 clinical 5 and
5 and 6 functional
5 and 7 presentation
7 presentation 8 of
8 of 10 asthma
9 geriatric 10 asthma
11 , 12 including
12 including 15 loss
12 including 23 ,
13 the 15 loss
14 partial 15 loss
15 loss 16 of
16 of 17 reversibility
17 reversibility 19 of
19 of 22 component
20 the 22 component
21 allergic 22 component
24 contributes 25 to
25 to 27 misconception
26 this 27 misconception

a large body of evidence has accumulated demonstrating that the prevalence of asthma in the most advanced ages is similar to that in younger ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accumulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 large
1 a 3 body
2 large 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 6 has
4 of 5 evidence
6 has 7 accumulated
7 accumulated 8 demonstrating
8 demonstrating 9 that
8 demonstrating 19 is
8 demonstrating 20 similar
9 that 11 prevalence
9 that 19 is
10 the 11 prevalence
11 prevalence 12 of
11 prevalence 19 is
12 of 13 asthma
13 asthma 14 in
14 in 18 ages
15 the 16 most
16 most 18 ages
17 advanced 18 ages
20 similar 21 to
20 similar 23 in
21 to 22 that
23 in 25 ages
24 younger 25 ages

the frequent coexistence of comorbid conditions in older patients compared to younger asthmatics , together with age - associated changes of the human lung , may render the management of [asthma] a complicated task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coexistence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 coexistence
2 frequent 3 coexistence
3 coexistence 4 of
3 coexistence 10 compared
3 coexistence 25 ,
4 of 6 conditions
5 comorbid 6 conditions
6 conditions 7 in
7 in 9 patients
8 older 9 patients
10 compared 11 to
10 compared 16 with
11 to 13 asthmatics
12 younger 13 asthmatics
14 , 16 with
15 together 16 with
16 with 17 age
16 with 18 -
19 associated 20 changes
19 associated 25 ,
20 changes 21 of
21 of 24 lung
22 the 24 lung
23 human 24 lung
25 , 26 may
26 may 27 render
27 render 29 management
28 the 29 management
29 management 30 of
30 of 34 task
32 a 33 complicated
32 a 34 task
33 complicated 34 task

the article addresses the main issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in the geriatric age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 addresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 article
2 article 3 addresses
3 addresses 6 issues
3 addresses 8 to
3 addresses 15 in
4 the 6 issues
5 main 6 issues
6 issues 7 related
8 to 11 and
9 the 10 diagnosis
10 diagnosis 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 13 of
13 of 14 asthma
15 in 18 age
16 the 18 age
17 geriatric 18 age

this article investigates the causal relationship between the number of biological children and mental health of elderly europeans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 investigates
3 investigates 6 relationship
3 investigates 7 between
4 the 6 relationship
5 causal 6 relationship
7 between 13 and
8 the 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 12 children
10 of 12 children
11 biological 12 children
12 children 13 and
13 and 15 health
13 and 16 of
14 mental 15 health
16 of 18 europeans
17 elderly 18 europeans

specifically , we ask whether additional children improve or threaten parents ' mental health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ask
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 3 we
3 we 4 ask
4 ask 5 whether
5 whether 7 children
5 whether 9 or
6 additional 7 children
7 children 9 or
8 improve 9 or
9 or 10 threaten
9 or 15 status
10 threaten 14 health
11 parents 12 '
12 ' 14 health
13 mental 14 health

the identification of causal effects draws on two natural experiments that exogenously increase the number of children : multiple births and the sex composition of the first two children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 draws
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 identification
2 identification 3 of
2 identification 6 draws
3 of 5 effects
4 causal 5 effects
6 draws 7 on
6 draws 10 experiments
6 draws 13 increase
7 on 8 two
9 natural 10 experiments
10 experiments 13 increase
11 that 12 exogenously
12 exogenously 13 increase
13 increase 17 children
14 the 15 number
15 number 16 of
15 number 17 children
16 of 17 children
18 : 21 and
19 multiple 20 births
20 births 21 and
21 and 24 composition
21 and 25 of
22 the 24 composition
23 sex 24 composition
25 of 29 children
26 the 27 first
26 the 28 two
28 two 29 children

this setup allows us to identify the effect of expected and desired as well as the effect of unexpected additional children on mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 setup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 allows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 setup
2 setup 3 allows
3 allows 4 us
3 allows 5 to
3 allows 6 identify
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 8 effect
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 expected 11 and
11 and 12 desired
11 and 15 as
11 and 22 on
13 as 14 well
14 well 15 as
15 as 17 effect
16 the 17 effect
17 effect 18 of
18 of 21 children
19 unexpected 21 children
20 additional 21 children
22 on 24 health
23 mental 24 health

for women , we find conflicting evidence regarding the effect of additional children on mental health , and we only find a negative effect of having additional children on mental health using multiple birth at the second pregnancy [as] instrument . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 for 2 women
1 for 3 ,
1 for 4 we
4 we 5 find
5 find 7 evidence
5 find 8 regarding
6 conflicting 7 evidence
8 regarding 10 effect
8 regarding 14 on
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 13 children
12 additional 13 children
14 on 16 health
15 mental 16 health
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 we
18 and 21 find
19 we 21 find
20 only 21 find
21 find 23 negative
21 find 24 effect
22 a 23 negative
24 effect 25 of
25 of 26 having
26 having 28 children
26 having 29 on
27 additional 28 children
29 on 31 health
30 mental 31 health
31 health 32 using
32 using 34 birth
33 multiple 34 birth
34 birth 35 at
35 at 40 instrument
36 the 37 second
36 the 40 instrument
38 pregnancy 40 instrument

thus , it takes a rare and somewhat particular situation to uncover the negative effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 takes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 it
3 it 4 takes
4 takes 10 situation
4 takes 11 to
5 a 10 situation
6 rare 7 and
7 and 9 particular
7 and 10 situation
8 somewhat 9 particular
11 to 12 uncover
12 uncover 15 effect
13 the 15 effect
14 negative 15 effect

there is no evidence for a causal effect of additional children on the probability to suffer from depression for elder men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 evidence
2 is 5 for
2 is 12 on
2 is 15 to
3 no 4 evidence
5 for 8 effect
6 a 7 causal
6 a 8 effect
7 causal 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 11 children
10 additional 11 children
12 on 14 probability
13 the 14 probability
15 to 16 suffer
16 suffer 17 from
17 from 18 depression
18 depression 19 for
19 for 21 men
20 elder 21 men

age - related changes in testosterone are believed to be a key component of the processes that contribute to cognitive aging in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 changes
3 related 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 7 are
5 in 6 testosterone
7 are 8 believed
8 believed 9 to
8 believed 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 13 component
11 a 13 component
12 key 13 component
13 component 14 of
13 component 22 in
14 of 16 processes
15 the 16 processes
16 processes 17 that
16 processes 18 contribute
17 that 18 contribute
18 contribute 19 to
19 to 21 aging
20 cognitive 21 aging
22 in 23 men

the apoe - ε4 allele may interact with testosterone and moderate the hormone 's association with cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 apoe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 apoe
3 - 5 allele
3 - 10 and
3 - 18 .
4 ε4 5 allele
5 allele 6 may
6 may 10 and
7 interact 8 with
7 interact 10 and
8 with 9 testosterone
10 and 11 moderate
11 moderate 15 association
11 moderate 16 with
12 the 13 hormone
13 hormone 14 's
14 's 15 association
16 with 17 cognition

the goals of the present study were to examine the degree to which free testosterone is associated with episodic memory in a community - based sample of middle - aged men , and [examine] the potential interaction between free testosterone and the apoe - ε4 allele . 
1 the 2 goals
2 goals 3 of
2 goals 7 were
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 were 8 to
7 were 18 with
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 11 degree
9 examine 17 associated
10 the 11 degree
11 degree 12 to
11 degree 17 associated
12 to 13 which
12 to 15 testosterone
12 to 16 is
14 free 15 testosterone
15 testosterone 16 is
18 with 20 memory
18 with 26 sample
19 episodic 20 memory
20 memory 21 in
20 memory 25 based
21 in 23 community
22 a 23 community
24 - 25 based
26 sample 27 of
27 of 28 middle
28 middle 37 interaction
29 - 37 interaction
30 aged 31 men
31 men 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 36 potential
33 and 37 interaction
35 the 36 potential
37 interaction 38 between
37 interaction 46 allele
37 interaction 47 .
38 between 41 and
39 free 40 testosterone
40 testosterone 41 and
41 and 43 apoe
42 the 43 apoe
44 - 46 allele
45 ε4 46 allele
46 allele 47 .

data were used from 717 participants in the vietnam era twin study of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 used
3 used 4 from
3 used 7 in
4 from 6 participants
5 717 6 participants
7 in 12 study
8 the 12 study
9 vietnam 10 era
10 era 11 twin
11 twin 12 study
12 study 13 of
13 of 14 aging

average age was 55.4 years ( standard deviation [=] 2.5 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 average 2 age
2 age 3 was
3 was 5 years
4 55.4 5 years
5 years 8 deviation
6 ( 8 deviation
7 standard 8 deviation
8 deviation 10 2.5
8 deviation 11 )

significant positive associations were observed between free testosterone level and verbal episodic memory , as well as a significant interaction between free testosterone and apoe - ε4 status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ε4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 significant 3 associations
2 positive 3 associations
3 associations 4 were
4 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 between
5 observed 15 as
6 between 10 and
7 free 9 level
8 testosterone 9 level
9 level 10 and
10 and 13 memory
11 verbal 13 memory
12 episodic 13 memory
14 , 15 as
15 as 16 well
15 as 26 -
16 well 17 as
16 well 21 between
17 as 20 interaction
18 a 20 interaction
19 significant 20 interaction
21 between 24 and
22 free 23 testosterone
23 testosterone 24 and
24 and 25 apoe
26 - 27 ε4
27 ε4 28 status

in ε4 carriers free testosterone was positively associated with verbal episodic memory performance ( story recall ) , whereas no association was observed in ε4 noncarriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 testosterone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 carriers
1 in 5 testosterone
2 ε4 3 carriers
4 free 5 testosterone
5 testosterone 6 was
6 was 7 positively
6 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 19 whereas
9 with 13 performance
10 verbal 13 performance
11 episodic 13 performance
12 memory 13 performance
13 performance 16 recall
14 ( 16 recall
15 story 16 recall
16 recall 17 )
18 , 19 whereas
19 whereas 21 association
20 no 21 association
21 association 22 was
22 was 23 observed
23 observed 24 in
24 in 26 noncarriers
25 ε4 26 noncarriers

results support the hypothesis [that] apoe - ε4 status increases susceptibility to other risk factors , such as low testosterone , which may ultimately contribute to cognitive decline [or] dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ε4
1 results 2 support
2 support 6 apoe
3 the 6 apoe
4 hypothesis 6 apoe
7 - 8 ε4
8 ε4 10 increases
9 status 10 increases
10 increases 11 susceptibility
10 increases 15 factors
10 increases 20 testosterone
11 susceptibility 12 to
11 susceptibility 15 factors
12 to 14 risk
13 other 14 risk
16 , 20 testosterone
17 such 20 testosterone
18 as 19 low
19 low 20 testosterone
20 testosterone 22 which
20 testosterone 31 .
21 , 22 which
22 which 23 may
22 which 31 .
23 may 25 contribute
24 ultimately 25 contribute
25 contribute 26 to
26 to 30 dementia
27 cognitive 30 dementia
28 decline 30 dementia

[none] targeted inhibition of met/ron signaling by tyrosine kinase inhibitor bms - 777607 for cancer treatment is currently under clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 targeted 3 inhibition
3 inhibition 4 of
3 inhibition 17 is
4 of 5 met/ron
5 met/ron 6 signaling
6 signaling 7 by
6 signaling 13 777607
7 by 11 bms
8 tyrosine 11 bms
9 kinase 11 bms
10 inhibitor 11 bms
12 - 13 777607
13 777607 14 for
14 for 16 treatment
15 cancer 16 treatment
17 is 18 currently
17 is 19 under
19 under 21 trials
20 clinical 21 trials

we have previously shown that bms [-] 777607 induces chemoresistance in vitro by causing polyploidy , which hampers therapeutic efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 shown
3 previously 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 6 bms
5 that 9 induces
6 bms 8 777607
6 bms 9 induces
9 induces 10 chemoresistance
9 induces 12 vitro
9 induces 13 by
11 in 12 vitro
13 by 14 causing
14 causing 15 polyploidy
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 hampers
17 which 18 hampers
18 hampers 20 efficacy
19 therapeutic 20 efficacy

here , we studied polyploidy - associated senescence induced by bms - 777607 in breast cancer cells and its prevention by mtor inhibitor azd8055 , leading to increased chemosensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studied
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 8 senescence
4 studied 21 by
5 polyploidy 6 -
5 polyploidy 8 senescence
7 associated 8 senescence
8 senescence 9 induced
9 induced 10 by
10 by 18 and
11 bms 15 breast
12 - 13 777607
13 777607 14 in
14 in 15 breast
15 breast 17 cells
16 cancer 17 cells
17 cells 18 and
18 and 20 prevention
19 its 20 prevention
21 by 24 azd8055
22 mtor 23 inhibitor
23 inhibitor 24 azd8055
24 azd8055 26 leading
25 , 26 leading
26 leading 27 to
26 leading 30 .
27 to 29 chemosensitivity
28 increased 29 chemosensitivity

in breast cancer t - 47d and zr - 75 - 1 cells , bms - 777607 induced phenotypic changes including enlarged cellular size , flattened morphology , increased dna content , and activity of senescence - associated β - galactosidase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
1 in 3 cancer
1 in 25 ,
1 in 28 ,
2 breast 3 cancer
3 cancer 4 t
3 cancer 7 and
3 cancer 15 bms
5 - 7 and
6 47d 7 and
7 and 8 zr
7 and 14 ,
8 zr 10 75
9 - 10 75
10 75 13 cells
10 75 14 ,
11 - 13 cells
12 1 13 cells
13 cells 14 ,
14 , 15 bms
15 bms 20 changes
15 bms 25 ,
16 - 20 changes
17 777607 20 changes
18 induced 20 changes
19 phenotypic 20 changes
20 changes 21 including
20 changes 25 ,
21 including 24 size
22 enlarged 24 size
23 cellular 24 size
26 flattened 27 morphology
26 flattened 28 ,
28 , 29 increased
29 increased 33 and
30 dna 31 content
31 content 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 activity
33 and 35 of
35 of 36 senescence
37 - 39 β
38 associated 39 β
39 β 41 galactosidase
40 - 41 galactosidase
41 galactosidase 42 .

these changes were accompanied by increased p21/waf1 expression and decreased retinoblastoma ser ( 780 ) phosphorylation , indicating that bms [-] 777607 induces not only polyploidy but also senescence . 
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 were
3 were 4 accompanied
4 accompanied 5 by
5 by 9 and
6 increased 8 expression
6 increased 9 and
7 p21/waf1 8 expression
9 and 10 decreased
9 and 16 phosphorylation
10 decreased 12 ser
11 retinoblastoma 12 ser
12 ser 14 780
13 ( 14 780
14 780 15 )
16 phosphorylation 18 indicating
17 , 18 indicating
18 indicating 19 that
18 indicating 30 .
19 that 20 bms
19 that 23 induces
20 bms 22 777607
20 bms 23 induces
23 induces 28 also
24 not 25 only
25 only 28 also
26 polyploidy 28 also
27 but 28 also
28 also 29 senescence

the appearance of senescence was associated with polyploidy in which β - galactosidase is exclusively expressed in polyploid cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 appearance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 appearance
2 appearance 3 of
2 appearance 5 was
3 of 4 senescence
5 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 polyploidy
8 polyploidy 9 in
9 in 10 which
9 in 13 galactosidase
9 in 16 expressed
11 β 12 -
11 β 13 galactosidase
13 galactosidase 14 is
14 is 15 exclusively
14 is 16 expressed
16 expressed 17 in
17 in 19 cells
18 polyploid 19 cells

survivin expression was increased in polyploid/senescent cells as analyzed by western blotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 survivin 2 expression
2 expression 3 was
3 was 4 increased
4 increased 5 in
4 increased 8 as
5 in 7 cells
6 polyploid/senescent 7 cells
8 as 9 analyzed
9 analyzed 10 by
9 analyzed 12 blotting
10 by 11 western

increased survivin accumulated both in the nucleus and cytoplasm and dissociated with condensed dna and mitotic spindle at the metaphase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 survivin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 increased 2 survivin
2 survivin 10 and
3 accumulated 4 both
3 accumulated 5 in
3 accumulated 10 and
5 in 8 and
6 the 7 nucleus
7 nucleus 8 and
8 and 9 cytoplasm
10 and 11 dissociated
10 and 12 with
10 and 18 at
12 with 15 and
13 condensed 14 dna
14 dna 15 and
15 and 17 spindle
16 mitotic 17 spindle
18 at 20 metaphase
19 the 20 metaphase

abnormal accumulation of survivin also rendered polyploid/senescent cells insensitive to cytotoxic activities of ym155 , a dna damaging agent with a suppressive effect on survivin gene transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rendered
1 abnormal 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 of
2 accumulation 6 rendered
3 of 4 survivin
5 also 6 rendered
6 rendered 8 cells
7 polyploid/senescent 8 cells
8 cells 9 insensitive
9 insensitive 10 to
10 to 12 activities
11 cytotoxic 12 activities
12 activities 13 of
13 of 14 ym155
14 ym155 17 dna
15 , 17 dna
16 a 17 dna
17 dna 18 damaging
17 dna 28 .
18 damaging 19 agent
18 damaging 20 with
18 damaging 24 on
20 with 23 effect
21 a 22 suppressive
21 a 23 effect
22 suppressive 23 effect
24 on 27 transcription
25 survivin 27 transcription
26 gene 27 transcription

azd8055 , a specific mtor inhibitor , effectively prevented bms - 777607 - induced polyploidy and senescence and restored survivin expression and its nuclear localization to normal levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 azd8055
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 prevented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 azd8055 6 inhibitor
1 azd8055 9 prevented
2 , 6 inhibitor
3 a 6 inhibitor
4 specific 5 mtor
5 mtor 6 inhibitor
6 inhibitor 7 ,
8 effectively 9 prevented
9 prevented 10 bms
10 bms 12 777607
11 - 12 777607
12 777607 13 -
13 - 22 and
13 - 29 .
14 induced 15 polyploidy
15 polyploidy 16 and
16 and 17 senescence
16 and 18 and
18 and 21 expression
18 and 22 and
19 restored 20 survivin
20 survivin 21 expression
22 and 25 localization
22 and 26 to
23 its 25 localization
24 nuclear 25 localization
26 to 28 levels
27 normal 28 levels

although a synergism was not observed , bms - 777607 plus azd8055 increased cancer cell sensitivity toward different cytotoxic chemotherapeutics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 777607
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 although 3 synergism
1 although 4 was
1 although 10 777607
2 a 3 synergism
3 synergism 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 8 bms
5 not 6 observed
6 observed 7 ,
9 - 10 777607
10 777607 11 plus
10 777607 13 increased
11 plus 12 azd8055
13 increased 16 sensitivity
13 increased 17 toward
14 cancer 16 sensitivity
15 cell 16 sensitivity
17 toward 20 chemotherapeutics
18 different 20 chemotherapeutics
19 cytotoxic 20 chemotherapeutics

in conclusion , bms - 777607 - induced chemoresistance is associated with cell polyploidy and senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 bms
3 , 5 -
5 - 6 777607
5 - 7 -
5 - 17 .
6 777607 7 -
7 - 9 chemoresistance
8 induced 9 chemoresistance
9 chemoresistance 10 is
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 15 and
13 cell 14 polyploidy
14 polyploidy 15 and
15 and 16 senescence

inhibition of mtor signaling by azd8055 prevents bms - 777607 - induced polyploidy/senescence and increases breast cancer cell chemosensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 prevents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 breast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 inhibition 2 of
1 inhibition 4 signaling
1 inhibition 7 prevents
2 of 3 mtor
4 signaling 5 by
5 by 6 azd8055
7 prevents 8 bms
9 - 10 777607
9 - 11 -
10 777607 11 -
11 - 14 and
12 induced 13 polyploidy/senescence
13 polyploidy/senescence 14 and
14 and 15 increases
14 and 16 breast
16 breast 19 chemosensitivity
17 cancer 19 chemosensitivity
18 cell 19 chemosensitivity

isolated populations have advantages for genetic studies of longevity from decreased haplotype diversity and long - range linkage disequilibrium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 populations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 isolated 2 populations
2 populations 3 have
3 have 4 advantages
4 advantages 5 for
4 advantages 8 of
5 for 7 studies
6 genetic 7 studies
8 of 14 and
9 longevity 10 from
9 longevity 14 and
10 from 13 diversity
11 decreased 12 haplotype
12 haplotype 13 diversity
14 and 19 disequilibrium
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 range
17 range 18 linkage
18 linkage 19 disequilibrium

this permits smaller sample sizes without loss of power , among other utilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 permits
1 this 2 permits
2 permits 5 sizes
2 permits 6 without
3 smaller 4 sample
4 sample 5 sizes
6 without 7 loss
7 loss 8 of
8 of 9 power
9 power 11 among
10 , 11 among
11 among 13 utilities
11 among 14 .
12 other 13 utilities

little is known about the genome of the okinawans , a potential population [isolate] , recognized for longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
4 about 6 genome
5 the 6 genome
6 genome 7 of
6 genome 16 recognized
7 of 9 okinawans
8 the 9 okinawans
9 okinawans 13 population
10 , 13 population
11 a 12 potential
11 a 13 population
12 potential 13 population
13 population 15 ,
16 recognized 17 for
17 for 18 longevity

therefore , we assessed genetic diversity , structure , and admixture in okinawans , and compared this with caucasians , chinese , japanese , and africans from hapmap ii , genotyped on the same affymetrix genechip human mapping 500 k array . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 15 and
4 assessed 6 diversity
4 assessed 15 and
5 genetic 6 diversity
6 diversity 10 and
7 , 10 and
8 structure 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 admixture
10 and 12 in
10 and 14 ,
12 in 13 okinawans
15 and 16 compared
15 and 27 from
15 and 31 genotyped
16 compared 17 this
16 compared 18 with
18 with 25 and
19 caucasians 20 ,
20 , 23 japanese
20 , 25 and
21 chinese 22 ,
21 chinese 23 japanese
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 africans
27 from 28 hapmap
28 hapmap 29 ii
30 , 31 genotyped
31 genotyped 32 on
31 genotyped 42 .
32 on 41 array
33 the 34 same
34 same 41 array
35 affymetrix 36 genechip
36 genechip 37 human
37 human 38 mapping
38 mapping 41 array
39 500 40 k
40 k 41 array

principal component analysis , haplotype coverage , and linkage disequilibrium decay revealed a distinct okinawan genome - more homogeneity , less haplotype diversity , and longer range linkage disequilibrium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 principal 3 analysis
2 component 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 ,
4 , 6 coverage
4 , 8 and
5 haplotype 6 coverage
7 , 8 and
8 and 11 decay
8 and 12 revealed
9 linkage 11 decay
10 disequilibrium 11 decay
12 revealed 16 genome
13 a 14 distinct
13 a 16 genome
14 distinct 16 genome
15 okinawan 16 genome
16 genome 19 homogeneity
17 - 19 homogeneity
18 more 19 homogeneity
19 homogeneity 20 ,
20 , 25 and
21 less 22 haplotype
22 haplotype 23 diversity
23 diversity 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 29 disequilibrium
26 longer 29 disequilibrium
27 range 29 disequilibrium
28 linkage 29 disequilibrium

population structure and admixture analyses utilizing 52 global reference populations from the human genome diversity cell line panel demonstrated that okinawans clustered almost exclusively with east asians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 population 2 structure
2 structure 3 and
3 and 5 analyses
3 and 6 utilizing
3 and 19 demonstrated
4 admixture 5 analyses
6 utilizing 10 populations
6 utilizing 11 from
7 52 10 populations
8 global 10 populations
9 reference 10 populations
11 from 18 panel
12 the 18 panel
13 human 14 genome
14 genome 15 diversity
15 diversity 16 cell
16 cell 17 line
17 line 18 panel
19 demonstrated 20 that
20 that 21 okinawans
20 that 22 clustered
21 okinawans 22 clustered
22 clustered 23 almost
22 clustered 25 with
23 almost 24 exclusively
25 with 27 asians
26 east 27 asians

sibling relative risk ( λs ) [analysis] revealed that siblings of okinawan centenarians have 3.11 times ( females [ )(and 3.77 times ( males ) more likelihood of centenarianism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 sibling 2 relative
2 relative 3 risk
3 risk 5 λs
3 risk 8 revealed
4 ( 5 λs
5 λs 6 )
8 revealed 9 that
9 that 10 siblings
9 that 29 centenarianism
10 siblings 11 of
10 siblings 29 centenarianism
11 of 12 okinawan
12 okinawan 13 centenarians
12 okinawan 28 of
13 centenarians 14 have
14 have 16 times
14 have 26 more
14 have 27 likelihood
15 3.11 16 times
16 times 20 )(and
17 ( 20 )(and
18 females 20 )(and
20 )(and 22 times
20 )(and 24 males
20 )(and 25 )
21 3.77 22 times
23 ( 24 males
24 males 25 )
27 likelihood 28 of

these findings suggest that okinawans are genetically distinct and share several characteristics of a population isolate , which are prone to develop extreme [phenotypes] ( eg , longevity ) from genetic [drift] , natural selection , and population bottlenecks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 9 and
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 9 and
4 that 5 okinawans
4 that 6 are
5 okinawans 6 are
6 are 7 genetically
6 are 8 distinct
9 and 10 share
9 and 30 from
10 share 11 several
11 several 12 characteristics
11 several 16 isolate
11 several 18 which
12 characteristics 13 of
12 characteristics 16 isolate
13 of 15 population
14 a 15 population
17 , 18 which
18 which 19 are
18 which 29 )
19 are 20 prone
20 prone 21 to
21 to 22 develop
22 develop 28 longevity
23 extreme 26 eg
23 extreme 28 longevity
25 ( 26 eg
26 eg 27 ,
30 from 37 and
31 genetic 33 ,
31 genetic 35 selection
34 natural 35 selection
35 selection 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 bottlenecks
38 population 39 bottlenecks

these data support further exploration of genetic influence on longevity in the okinawans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 support
3 support 5 exploration
3 support 9 on
3 support 11 in
4 further 5 exploration
5 exploration 6 of
6 of 8 influence
7 genetic 8 influence
9 on 10 longevity
11 in 13 okinawans
12 the 13 okinawans

background : few longitudinal studies compare changes in instrumental activities of daily living ( iadls ) among stroke [-] free adults to prospectively document iadl changes among adults [who] experience stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 few
2 : 18 stroke
2 : 32 .
3 few 5 studies
3 few 17 among
3 few 18 stroke
4 longitudinal 5 studies
5 studies 6 compare
6 compare 7 changes
6 compare 17 among
7 changes 8 in
7 changes 15 iadls
8 in 10 activities
9 instrumental 10 activities
10 activities 11 of
11 of 13 living
12 daily 13 living
14 ( 15 iadls
15 iadls 16 )
18 stroke 21 adults
20 free 21 adults
21 adults 22 to
21 adults 31 stroke
22 to 24 document
23 prospectively 24 document
24 document 26 changes
24 document 31 stroke
25 iadl 26 changes
26 changes 27 among
26 changes 31 stroke
27 among 30 experience
28 adults 30 experience

we contrast annual declines in iadl independence for older individuals who remain [stroke] free to those for individuals [who] experienced [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 contrast
2 contrast 4 declines
2 contrast 5 in
2 contrast 8 for
3 annual 4 declines
5 in 7 independence
6 iadl 7 independence
8 for 10 individuals
9 older 10 individuals
10 individuals 11 who
10 individuals 12 remain
11 who 12 remain
12 remain 14 free
12 remain 15 to
12 remain 17 for
15 to 16 those
17 for 18 individuals
18 individuals 20 experienced

we also assess whether these patterns differ by sex , race , or southern birthplace . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 3 assess
2 also 3 assess
3 assess 4 whether
4 whether 6 patterns
4 whether 7 differ
5 these 6 patterns
6 patterns 7 differ
7 differ 8 by
8 by 13 or
9 sex 10 ,
10 , 11 race
10 , 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 15 birthplace
14 southern 15 birthplace

methods : health and retirement study participants who were stroke free in 1998 ( n = 17,741 ) were followed through 2010 ( average [follow] - up = 8.9 years ) for self [-] [or] proxy - reported stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 20 followed
2 : 37 -
3 health 4 and
4 and 6 study
4 and 7 participants
4 and 10 stroke
4 and 19 were
5 retirement 6 study
7 participants 8 who
7 participants 9 were
7 participants 10 stroke
8 who 9 were
10 stroke 11 free
10 stroke 12 in
12 in 13 1998
13 1998 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 17 17,741
16 = 18 )
19 were 20 followed
20 followed 21 through
21 through 22 2010
22 2010 24 average
23 ( 24 average
24 average 27 up
24 average 32 for
24 average 37 -
26 - 27 up
27 up 30 years
27 up 31 )
28 = 29 8.9
29 8.9 30 years
32 for 36 proxy
33 self 36 proxy
37 - 39 stroke
37 - 40 .
38 reported 39 stroke

we used logistic regressions to compare annual changes in odds of [self] - reported independence in six iadls among those who remained [stroke] free throughout follow - up ( n = 15,888 ) , those who survived a stroke ( n = 1,412 ) , and those who had a stroke and did not survive to participate in another interview ( n = 442 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 66 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 regressions
3 logistic 4 regressions
4 regressions 5 to
4 regressions 11 of
5 to 6 compare
6 compare 8 changes
6 compare 9 in
7 annual 8 changes
9 in 10 odds
10 odds 11 of
13 - 14 reported
14 reported 15 independence
14 reported 34 ,
15 independence 16 in
15 independence 28 up
16 in 17 six
16 in 18 iadls
16 in 26 follow
18 iadls 19 among
18 iadls 24 free
18 iadls 26 follow
19 among 20 those
20 those 21 who
20 those 22 remained
21 who 22 remained
24 free 25 throughout
27 - 28 up
28 up 31 =
28 up 34 ,
29 ( 31 =
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 15,888
31 = 33 )
34 , 35 those
34 , 60 interview
35 those 36 who
35 those 46 and
35 those 60 interview
36 who 46 and
37 survived 39 stroke
37 survived 46 and
38 a 39 stroke
39 stroke 42 =
40 ( 42 =
41 n 42 =
42 = 43 1,412
42 = 44 )
45 , 46 and
46 and 57 participate
47 those 48 who
47 those 52 and
47 those 55 survive
48 who 52 and
49 had 51 stroke
49 had 52 and
50 a 51 stroke
52 and 53 did
53 did 54 not
55 survive 56 to
56 to 57 participate
57 participate 58 in
58 in 59 another
60 interview 63 =
61 ( 63 =
62 n 63 =
63 = 64 442
63 = 65 )

we present models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and also stratified on sex , race , and southern birthplace . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 10 and
2 present 3 models
2 present 10 and
3 models 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 5 for
5 for 9 covariates
6 demographic 7 and
7 and 8 socioeconomic
7 and 9 covariates
10 and 12 stratified
10 and 13 on
11 also 12 stratified
13 on 18 and
14 sex 15 ,
15 , 16 race
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 birthplace
19 southern 20 birthplace

results : compared with similar cohort members who remained stroke free , participants who developed stroke [had] faster declines in iadl independence and lower probability of iadl independence prior to stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 23 and
2 : 32 .
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 23 and
4 with 7 members
5 similar 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 members
7 members 8 who
7 members 9 remained
8 who 9 remained
9 remained 13 participants
9 remained 20 in
10 stroke 13 participants
11 free 12 ,
11 free 13 participants
13 participants 14 who
13 participants 15 developed
14 who 15 developed
15 developed 19 declines
16 stroke 19 declines
18 faster 19 declines
20 in 22 independence
21 iadl 22 independence
23 and 24 lower
24 lower 25 probability
25 probability 26 of
25 probability 29 prior
26 of 28 independence
27 iadl 28 independence
29 prior 30 to
29 prior 31 stroke
30 to 31 stroke

[after] stroke , independence declined at an annual rate similar to those who did not have [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stroke
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
3 , 4 independence
3 , 5 declined
4 independence 5 declined
5 declined 6 at
6 at 9 rate
7 an 8 annual
7 an 9 rate
8 annual 9 rate
9 rate 10 similar
10 similar 11 to
11 to 12 those
12 those 13 who
12 those 14 did
13 who 14 did
14 did 15 not
14 did 16 have

the black - white disparity in iadl independence narrowed poststroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 disparity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 narrowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 5 disparity
2 black 3 -
2 black 5 disparity
4 white 5 disparity
5 disparity 6 in
5 disparity 9 narrowed
6 in 8 independence
7 iadl 8 independence
9 narrowed 10 poststroke

conclusion : racial differences in iadl independence are apparent long before [stroke] [onset] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 differences
2 : 8 are
2 : 14 .
3 racial 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
4 differences 8 are
5 in 7 independence
6 iadl 7 independence
8 are 9 apparent
9 apparent 10 long
9 apparent 11 before

poststroke differences in iadl independence largely reflect prestroke disparities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 poststroke 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 7 reflect
3 in 5 independence
4 iadl 5 independence
6 largely 7 reflect
7 reflect 9 disparities
8 prestroke 9 disparities

objective : to investigate functionally important transcripts in single human oocytes with the use of nanostring technology and determine whether observed differences are biologically meaningful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 18 and
2 : 26 .
3 to 18 and
4 investigate 5 functionally
4 investigate 7 transcripts
4 investigate 8 in
4 investigate 12 with
4 investigate 18 and
6 important 7 transcripts
8 in 11 oocytes
9 single 11 oocytes
10 human 11 oocytes
12 with 14 use
13 the 14 use
14 use 15 of
15 of 17 technology
16 nanostring 17 technology
18 and 19 determine
19 determine 20 whether
20 whether 22 differences
20 whether 23 are
21 observed 22 differences
22 differences 23 are
23 are 24 biologically
23 are 25 meaningful

design : analysis of human oocytes with the use of nanostring and immunoblotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 10 of
4 of 6 oocytes
5 human 6 oocytes
6 oocytes 7 with
7 with 9 use
8 the 9 use
10 of 12 and
11 nanostring 12 and
12 and 13 immunoblotting

setting : university - affiliated reproductive medicine unit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 university
4 - 8 unit
4 - 9 .
5 affiliated 7 medicine
6 reproductive 7 medicine
7 medicine 8 unit

patients : women undergoing in vitro fertilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 patients 2 :
2 : 3 women
3 women 4 undergoing
4 undergoing 6 vitro
4 undergoing 7 fertilization
5 in 6 vitro

intervention : human oocytes were analyzed with the use of nanostring or immunoblotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 oocytes
2 : 6 analyzed
2 : 14 .
3 human 4 oocytes
4 oocytes 5 were
5 were 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 7 with
7 with 12 or
8 the 9 use
9 use 10 of
9 use 12 or
10 of 11 nanostring
12 or 13 immunoblotting

main outcome measures : the abundance of transcripts for ten functionally important genes - aurka , aurkc , bub1 , bub1b ( encoding bubr1 ) , cdk1 , chek1 , fyn , mos , map2k1 , and wee2 - and six functionally dispensable genes were analyzed with the use of nanostring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 37 and
4 : 40 and
5 the 6 abundance
6 abundance 7 of
6 abundance 26 ,
7 of 8 transcripts
8 transcripts 9 for
8 transcripts 17 aurkc
9 for 13 genes
10 ten 13 genes
11 functionally 12 important
12 important 13 genes
13 genes 15 aurka
14 - 15 aurka
15 aurka 16 ,
16 , 17 aurkc
17 aurkc 19 bub1
17 aurkc 25 )
18 , 19 bub1
19 bub1 21 bub1b
19 bub1 25 )
20 , 21 bub1b
21 bub1b 23 encoding
21 bub1b 25 )
22 ( 23 encoding
23 encoding 24 bubr1
23 encoding 25 )
26 , 27 cdk1
26 , 28 ,
28 , 29 chek1
28 , 37 and
29 chek1 31 fyn
30 , 31 fyn
31 fyn 33 mos
31 fyn 36 ,
32 , 33 mos
33 mos 35 map2k1
33 mos 36 ,
34 , 35 map2k1
35 map2k1 36 ,
37 and 38 wee2
39 - 40 and
40 and 44 genes
40 and 46 analyzed
41 six 44 genes
42 functionally 43 dispensable
43 dispensable 44 genes
44 genes 45 were
45 were 46 analyzed
46 analyzed 47 with
47 with 49 use
48 the 49 use
49 use 50 of
50 of 51 nanostring

bubr1 protein levels in oocytes from younger and older women were compared with the use of immunoblotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 bubr1 3 levels
2 protein 3 levels
3 levels 4 in
3 levels 11 were
4 in 5 oocytes
5 oocytes 6 from
6 from 10 women
7 younger 8 and
8 and 9 older
8 and 10 women
11 were 12 compared
12 compared 13 with
13 with 15 use
14 the 15 use
15 use 16 of
16 of 17 immunoblotting

result ( s ) : all ten functional genes but none of the six dispensable genes were detectable with the use of nanostring in single oocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 result 3 s
1 result 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 9 genes
6 all 7 ten
7 ten 9 genes
8 functional 9 genes
10 but 16 genes
10 but 17 were
11 none 12 of
11 none 16 genes
12 of 16 genes
13 the 14 six
14 six 16 genes
15 dispensable 16 genes
16 genes 17 were
17 were 18 detectable
18 detectable 19 with
18 detectable 24 in
19 with 21 use
20 the 21 use
21 use 22 of
22 of 23 nanostring
24 in 26 oocytes
25 single 26 oocytes

there [was] 3 - to 5 - fold variation in bub1 , bub1b , and cdk1 transcript abundance among individual oocytes from a single patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 fold
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 3 3
3 3 5 to
3 3 8 fold
4 - 5 to
5 to 6 5
5 to 7 -
8 fold 15 and
8 fold 22 from
9 variation 10 in
9 variation 12 ,
10 in 11 bub1
12 , 13 bub1b
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 abundance
16 cdk1 17 transcript
17 transcript 18 abundance
18 abundance 19 among
19 among 21 oocytes
20 individual 21 oocytes
22 from 25 patient
23 a 25 patient
24 single 25 patient

transcripts for these three genes - all players within the spindle assembly checkpoint surveillance mechanism for preventing aneuploidy - were reduced in the same oocyte from an older patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 transcripts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 transcripts 2 for
1 transcripts 8 players
1 transcripts 20 were
2 for 5 genes
3 these 4 three
4 three 5 genes
6 - 8 players
7 all 8 players
8 players 9 within
8 players 16 for
8 players 19 -
9 within 15 mechanism
10 the 15 mechanism
11 spindle 15 mechanism
12 assembly 15 mechanism
13 checkpoint 15 mechanism
14 surveillance 15 mechanism
16 for 17 preventing
17 preventing 18 aneuploidy
20 were 21 reduced
21 reduced 22 in
21 reduced 25 oocyte
22 in 24 same
23 the 24 same
25 oocyte 26 from
26 from 29 patient
27 an 29 patient
28 older 29 patient

mean bub1b transcripts were reduced by 1.5 - fold with aging and associated with marked reductions in bubr1 protein levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 mean 3 transcripts
1 mean 5 reduced
2 bub1b 3 transcripts
3 transcripts 4 were
4 were 5 reduced
5 reduced 6 by
6 by 7 1.5
8 - 12 and
8 - 21 .
9 fold 10 with
9 fold 12 and
10 with 11 aging
12 and 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 17 in
14 with 16 reductions
15 marked 16 reductions
17 in 20 levels
18 bubr1 20 levels
19 protein 20 levels

conclusion ( s ) : the abundance of functionally important transcripts exhibit marked oocyte - [to] - oocyte heterogeneity to a degree that is sufficient to affect protein expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusion 3 s
1 conclusion 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 7 abundance
6 the 7 abundance
7 abundance 8 of
8 of 14 oocyte
9 functionally 10 important
10 important 11 transcripts
11 transcripts 12 exhibit
12 exhibit 13 marked
13 marked 14 oocyte
15 - 17 -
15 - 18 oocyte
17 - 18 oocyte
18 oocyte 19 heterogeneity
18 oocyte 20 to
18 oocyte 26 to
20 to 22 degree
21 a 22 degree
22 degree 23 that
22 degree 24 is
23 that 24 is
24 is 25 sufficient
26 to 27 affect
27 affect 29 expression
28 protein 29 expression

observed variations in transcript abundance are therefore likely to be biologically meaningful , especially if multiple genes within the same pathway are simultaneously affected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
1 observed 2 variations
2 variations 3 in
2 variations 6 are
3 in 5 abundance
4 transcript 5 abundance
6 are 7 therefore
6 are 8 likely
8 likely 9 to
8 likely 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 12 meaningful
11 biologically 12 meaningful
12 meaningful 15 if
13 , 14 especially
13 , 15 if
15 if 17 genes
15 if 24 affected
15 if 25 .
16 multiple 17 genes
17 genes 18 within
17 genes 22 are
18 within 21 pathway
19 the 20 same
19 the 21 pathway
22 are 24 affected
23 simultaneously 24 affected

vasohibin 1 , an endothelium - derived negative feedback [regulator] of angiogenesis , is induced by fibroblast growth factor 2 ( fgf - 2 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor a ( vegf - a ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vasohibin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 vasohibin 2 1
1 vasohibin 5 endothelium
1 vasohibin 13 ,
3 , 5 endothelium
4 an 5 endothelium
5 endothelium 6 -
7 derived 9 feedback
7 derived 13 ,
8 negative 9 feedback
9 feedback 11 of
11 of 12 angiogenesis
13 , 14 is
14 is 15 induced
15 induced 16 by
16 by 19 factor
17 fibroblast 19 factor
18 growth 19 factor
19 factor 20 2
19 factor 26 and
21 ( 26 and
22 fgf 24 2
22 fgf 26 and
23 - 24 2
24 2 25 )
26 and 30 factor
26 and 34 -
26 and 36 )
27 vascular 29 growth
28 endothelial 29 growth
29 growth 30 factor
30 factor 31 a
32 ( 34 -
33 vegf 34 -
34 - 35 a
34 - 36 )

in this study , we retrospectively evaluated immunoreactivity of fgf - 2 and vegf - a as well as microvessel density ( mvd ) determined by expression of vasohibin 1 and cd34 ( mvd - cd34 ) and correlated the findings with clinical outcomes of 181 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 in 2 this
1 in 38 and
3 study 11 -
3 study 31 and
3 study 38 and
4 , 11 -
5 we 7 evaluated
6 retrospectively 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 immunoreactivity
7 evaluated 11 -
8 immunoreactivity 9 of
8 immunoreactivity 11 -
9 of 10 fgf
11 - 14 vegf
11 - 24 )
12 2 13 and
13 and 14 vegf
14 vegf 21 density
15 - 21 density
16 a 21 density
17 as 18 well
18 well 20 microvessel
19 as 20 microvessel
20 microvessel 21 density
21 density 23 mvd
21 density 24 )
22 ( 23 mvd
23 mvd 24 )
25 determined 26 by
25 determined 31 and
26 by 27 expression
27 expression 28 of
28 of 29 vasohibin
29 vasohibin 30 1
31 and 32 cd34
32 cd34 34 mvd
33 ( 34 mvd
34 mvd 36 cd34
34 mvd 37 )
35 - 36 cd34
36 cd34 37 )
38 and 39 correlated
39 correlated 41 findings
40 the 41 findings
41 findings 42 with
41 findings 45 of
42 with 44 outcomes
43 clinical 44 outcomes
45 of 47 patients
46 181 47 patients
47 patients 48 with
48 with 50 carcinoma
49 hepatocellular 50 carcinoma
50 carcinoma 52 hcc
51 ( 52 hcc
52 hcc 53 )

double immunostaining of an endothelial marker [cd34] and vasohibin 1 with ki - 67 was also performed to assess angiogenic activity of endothelial cells in hcc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 double
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 double 2 immunostaining
1 double 11 with
2 immunostaining 3 of
3 of 8 and
4 an 6 marker
5 endothelial 6 marker
6 marker 8 and
8 and 9 vasohibin
9 vasohibin 10 1
11 with 12 ki
13 - 14 67
13 - 17 performed
14 67 15 was
15 was 16 also
15 was 17 performed
17 performed 18 to
17 performed 25 in
18 to 19 assess
19 assess 21 activity
20 angiogenic 21 activity
21 activity 22 of
22 of 24 cells
23 endothelial 24 cells
25 in 26 hcc

the ratio of ki - 67 - positive endothelial cells in vasohibin 1 - positive vessels ( 22 % ) was significantly higher than that of cd34 - positive vessels ( 9 % , p < [.] 001 ) , suggesting the correlation between vasohibin 1 and neovascularization in endothelial cells of hcc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 2 ratio
2 ratio 3 of
2 ratio 21 was
3 of 4 ki
4 ki 6 67
4 ki 10 cells
5 - 6 67
6 67 7 -
7 - 10 cells
8 positive 10 cells
9 endothelial 10 cells
10 cells 11 in
10 cells 20 )
11 in 12 vasohibin
12 vasohibin 13 1
12 vasohibin 16 vessels
14 - 16 vessels
15 positive 16 vessels
16 vessels 19 %
16 vessels 20 )
17 ( 19 %
18 22 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 was 22 significantly
21 was 23 higher
23 higher 24 than
23 higher 49 in
24 than 47 and
25 that 26 of
25 that 41 suggesting
25 that 47 and
26 of 27 cd34
27 cd34 30 vessels
28 - 30 vessels
29 positive 30 vessels
30 vessels 33 %
30 vessels 40 ,
31 ( 33 %
32 9 33 %
33 % 36 <
33 % 40 ,
34 , 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 38 001
36 < 39 )
41 suggesting 43 correlation
41 suggesting 44 between
42 the 43 correlation
44 between 45 vasohibin
45 vasohibin 46 1
47 and 48 neovascularization
49 in 51 cells
50 endothelial 51 cells
51 cells 52 of
52 of 53 hcc

mvd - cd34 decreased , but the ratio of mvd determined by expression of vasohibin 1 to mvd - cd34 ( vasohibin 1/cd34 ) increased significantly according to histologic grade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mvd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 mvd 3 cd34
1 mvd 25 increased
2 - 3 cd34
3 cd34 4 decreased
3 cd34 24 )
4 decreased 6 but
5 , 6 but
6 but 8 ratio
6 but 24 )
7 the 8 ratio
8 ratio 9 of
9 of 10 mvd
10 mvd 11 determined
10 mvd 14 of
10 mvd 20 cd34
11 determined 12 by
12 by 13 expression
14 of 15 vasohibin
15 vasohibin 16 1
15 vasohibin 17 to
17 to 18 mvd
19 - 20 cd34
20 cd34 23 1/cd34
20 cd34 24 )
21 ( 23 1/cd34
22 vasohibin 23 1/cd34
23 1/cd34 24 )
25 increased 26 significantly
25 increased 28 to
27 according 28 to
28 to 30 grade
29 histologic 30 grade

vasohibin 1 was significantly correlated with the status of fgf - 2 ( p = [.] 007 ) but not with that of vegf [-] a ( p = [.] 055 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vasohibin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 vasohibin 2 1
1 vasohibin 3 was
3 was 5 correlated
4 significantly 5 correlated
5 correlated 19 but
6 with 8 status
6 with 19 but
7 the 8 status
8 status 9 of
8 status 12 2
9 of 10 fgf
11 - 12 2
12 2 15 =
12 2 18 )
13 ( 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 17 007
15 = 18 )
19 but 20 not
19 but 21 with
21 with 22 that
22 that 23 of
23 of 24 vegf
24 vegf 29 =
26 a 29 =
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 31 055
29 = 32 )

in addition , vasohibin 1/cd34 in hcc patients was an independent marker [of] poor prognosis , as determined by multivariate analysis ( risk ratio [,] 1.973 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.049 - 3.711 ; p = . 035 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 1/cd34
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 1/cd34
4 vasohibin 5 1/cd34
5 1/cd34 6 in
5 1/cd34 9 was
6 in 8 patients
7 hcc 8 patients
9 was 15 prognosis
9 was 17 as
10 an 15 prognosis
11 independent 15 prognosis
12 marker 15 prognosis
14 poor 15 prognosis
16 , 17 as
17 as 18 determined
18 determined 19 by
18 determined 27 ;
19 by 21 analysis
20 multivariate 21 analysis
21 analysis 24 ratio
22 ( 24 ratio
23 risk 24 ratio
24 ratio 26 1.973
24 ratio 27 ;
27 ; 31 interval
27 ; 32 ,
28 95 31 interval
29 % 30 confidence
30 confidence 31 interval
32 , 33 1.049
32 , 34 -
32 , 36 ;
33 1.049 34 -
34 - 35 3.711
36 ; 37 p
36 ; 38 =
37 p 38 =
39 . 40 035
39 . 42 )(

vasohibin 1/cd34 could identify the proliferative vessels and could be a useful biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome of hcc patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 1/cd34
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 vasohibin 2 1/cd34
2 1/cd34 8 and
3 could 4 identify
3 could 8 and
4 identify 7 vessels
5 the 7 vessels
6 proliferative 7 vessels
8 and 9 could
8 and 14 for
8 and 21 patients
9 could 10 be
10 be 13 biomarker
11 a 13 biomarker
12 useful 13 biomarker
14 for 15 predicting
15 predicting 18 outcome
16 the 18 outcome
17 clinical 18 outcome
18 outcome 19 of
19 of 20 hcc

recent research has shown that personality traits continue to develop throughout the life span , but most profound changes are typically found during young adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
4 shown 6 personality
4 shown 23 during
6 personality 7 traits
6 personality 22 found
7 traits 16 but
8 continue 9 to
8 continue 10 develop
8 continue 16 but
9 to 10 develop
10 develop 11 throughout
11 throughout 14 span
12 the 14 span
13 life 14 span
15 , 16 but
16 but 22 found
17 most 19 changes
18 profound 19 changes
19 changes 20 are
20 are 22 found
21 typically 22 found
23 during 25 adulthood
24 young 25 adulthood

increasing evidence suggests that life events play a significant role in many of these changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 increasing 2 evidence
1 increasing 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 6 events
4 that 7 play
5 life 6 events
6 events 7 play
7 play 10 role
7 play 11 in
8 a 9 significant
8 a 10 role
9 significant 10 role
11 in 15 changes
12 many 13 of
12 many 15 changes
13 of 15 changes
14 these 15 changes

the present longitudinal study examined the role of work , education , social , and health - related life events in the development of the big five traits among young finns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 study
2 present 4 study
3 longitudinal 4 study
4 study 5 examined
5 examined 15 and
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
7 role 10 ,
8 of 9 work
10 , 11 education
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 social
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 health
17 - 18 related
18 related 20 events
18 related 29 among
19 life 20 events
20 events 21 in
21 in 23 development
22 the 23 development
23 development 24 of
24 of 28 traits
25 the 28 traits
26 big 27 five
27 five 28 traits
29 among 31 finns
30 young 31 finns

participants were originally recruited in 2004 through elementary schools in a middle - sized finnish city . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 participants 2 were
2 were 4 recruited
3 originally 4 recruited
4 recruited 5 in
4 recruited 7 through
4 recruited 10 in
5 in 6 2004
7 through 9 schools
8 elementary 9 schools
10 in 12 middle
11 a 12 middle
13 - 16 city
13 - 17 .
14 sized 16 city
15 finnish 16 city

participants ' big five traits and life events were measured via self [-] reports at ages 20 and 23 ( ns = 597 and 588 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 participants 2 '
2 ' 5 traits
3 big 4 five
4 five 5 traits
5 traits 6 and
6 and 8 events
6 and 9 were
7 life 8 events
9 were 10 measured
10 measured 11 via
10 measured 15 at
10 measured 27 respectively
11 via 14 reports
12 self 14 reports
15 at 16 ages
16 ages 18 and
16 ages 21 ns
17 20 18 and
18 and 19 23
20 ( 21 ns
21 ns 24 and
21 ns 26 ,
22 = 23 597
23 597 24 and
24 and 25 588
26 , 27 respectively
27 respectively 28 )

entering work life , beginning a relationship , and studying in university predicted increases in conscientiousness , trying drugs predicted increases in neuroticism , and onset of a chronic disease predicted increases in neuroticism and conscientiousness between ages 20 and 23 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 entering
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 entering 3 life
1 entering 5 beginning
1 entering 32 increases
2 work 3 life
4 , 5 beginning
5 beginning 9 and
5 beginning 15 in
5 beginning 17 ,
6 a 7 relationship
7 relationship 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 studying
9 and 11 in
11 in 14 increases
12 university 13 predicted
13 predicted 14 increases
15 in 16 conscientiousness
17 , 31 predicted
18 trying 19 drugs
18 trying 20 predicted
20 predicted 21 increases
20 predicted 31 predicted
21 increases 22 in
21 increases 27 of
21 increases 31 predicted
22 in 25 and
23 neuroticism 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 onset
27 of 30 disease
28 a 30 disease
29 chronic 30 disease
31 predicted 32 increases
32 increases 33 in
32 increases 37 between
33 in 36 conscientiousness
34 neuroticism 35 and
35 and 36 conscientiousness
37 between 38 ages
38 ages 40 and
39 20 40 and
40 and 41 23

the results suggest that mature life transitions relate to stronger increases in conscientiousness in young adulthood , and that [non] - normative life choices and events may predict increases in neuroticism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 transitions
4 that 8 relate
5 mature 6 life
6 life 7 transitions
8 relate 9 to
9 to 11 increases
10 stronger 11 increases
11 increases 12 in
12 in 13 conscientiousness
13 conscientiousness 14 in
14 in 18 and
15 young 16 adulthood
16 adulthood 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 that
21 - 23 life
21 - 29 increases
22 normative 23 life
23 life 25 and
23 life 28 predict
23 life 29 increases
24 choices 25 and
25 and 26 events
25 and 27 may
27 may 28 predict
29 increases 30 in
30 in 31 neuroticism

private residential care facilities ( rcfs ) fill the gap between independent community living and institutional settings for seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 facilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 fill
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 private 2 residential
2 residential 3 care
3 care 4 facilities
4 facilities 6 rcfs
4 facilities 8 fill
5 ( 6 rcfs
6 rcfs 7 )
8 fill 10 gap
8 fill 11 between
9 the 10 gap
11 between 17 settings
12 independent 17 settings
13 community 14 living
14 living 15 and
15 and 16 institutional
15 and 17 settings
17 settings 18 for
18 for 19 seniors

there are marked differences between rcfs which make them difficult to compare . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 differences
3 marked 4 differences
4 differences 5 between
5 between 6 rcfs
6 rcfs 7 which
6 rcfs 8 make
7 which 8 make
8 make 9 them
8 make 10 difficult
10 difficult 11 to
10 difficult 12 compare
11 to 12 compare

to address this issue , the objective of this study was to develop and validate a classification of rcfs based on their physical and organizational environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 4 issue
3 this 4 issue
5 , 7 objective
5 , 20 based
6 the 7 objective
7 objective 8 of
7 objective 11 was
8 of 10 study
9 this 10 study
11 was 12 to
11 was 20 based
12 to 14 and
13 develop 14 and
14 and 15 validate
15 validate 17 classification
16 a 17 classification
17 classification 18 of
18 of 19 rcfs
20 based 21 on
21 on 26 environments
22 their 26 environments
23 physical 24 and
24 and 25 organizational
24 and 26 environments

rcf owners across quebec were invited to complete a questionnaire that described the setting 's physical and organizational environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 owners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 invited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 rcf 2 owners
2 owners 3 across
2 owners 5 were
3 across 4 quebec
5 were 6 invited
6 invited 7 to
6 invited 8 complete
7 to 8 complete
8 complete 10 questionnaire
9 a 10 questionnaire
10 questionnaire 11 that
10 questionnaire 12 described
11 that 12 described
12 described 19 environment
13 the 14 setting
14 setting 15 's
15 's 19 environment
16 physical 17 and
17 and 18 organizational
17 and 19 environment

different combinations of cluster analysis methods and statistical parameters were used to identify plausible classifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combinations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 different 2 combinations
2 combinations 3 of
2 combinations 10 were
3 of 7 and
4 cluster 6 methods
5 analysis 6 methods
6 methods 7 and
7 and 9 parameters
8 statistical 9 parameters
10 were 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 identify
12 to 13 identify
13 identify 15 classifications
14 plausible 15 classifications

the final choice was made by an expert committee . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 choice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 choice
2 final 3 choice
3 choice 4 was
4 was 5 made
5 made 6 by
6 by 9 committee
7 an 8 expert
7 an 9 committee
8 expert 9 committee

overall , 552 owners returned the questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 owners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 returned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 owners
3 552 4 owners
4 owners 5 returned
5 returned 7 questionnaire
6 the 7 questionnaire

three plausible classifications were submitted to the committee . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 classifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 submitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 three 3 classifications
2 plausible 3 classifications
3 classifications 4 were
4 were 5 submitted
5 submitted 6 to
6 to 8 committee
7 the 8 committee

the selected classification included five clusters that differed with regard to admission criteria , services offered and recreational activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 classification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 classification
2 selected 3 classification
3 classification 4 included
4 included 6 clusters
5 five 6 clusters
6 clusters 7 that
6 clusters 8 differed
7 that 8 differed
8 differed 9 with
8 differed 11 to
9 with 10 regard
11 to 13 criteria
12 admission 13 criteria
14 , 17 and
15 services 16 offered
15 services 17 and
17 and 19 activities
18 recreational 19 activities

this classification could help health professionals select the rcf that best responds to older adults ' needs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 classification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 classification
2 classification 3 could
3 could 4 help
4 help 6 professionals
4 help 7 select
5 health 6 professionals
7 select 9 rcf
8 the 9 rcf
9 rcf 10 that
9 rcf 12 responds
10 that 12 responds
11 best 12 responds
12 responds 13 to
13 to 17 needs
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 '
16 ' 17 needs

medial temporal lobe [(] mtl )/memory and frontal lobe ( fl )/executive functions indexes are used to measure changes related to cognitive aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 medial 3 lobe
2 temporal 3 lobe
3 lobe 6 )/memory
5 mtl 6 )/memory
6 )/memory 7 and
7 and 9 lobe
8 frontal 9 lobe
10 ( 20 related
11 fl 12 )/executive
12 )/executive 13 functions
13 functions 14 indexes
13 functions 18 measure
13 functions 20 related
14 indexes 15 are
15 are 16 used
16 used 17 to
16 used 18 measure
17 to 18 measure
18 measure 19 changes
20 related 21 to
21 to 23 aging
22 cognitive 23 aging

these indexes are based on composite scores of neuropsychological tests validated in english - speaking populations , and their use in aging research is growing in popularity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indexes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 indexes
2 indexes 3 are
3 are 4 based
4 based 5 on
4 based 12 in
5 on 10 tests
6 composite 7 scores
7 scores 8 of
7 scores 10 tests
8 of 10 tests
9 neuropsychological 10 tests
10 tests 11 validated
12 in 13 english
13 english 16 populations
14 - 16 populations
15 speaking 16 populations
16 populations 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 use
18 and 24 is
19 their 20 use
20 use 21 in
20 use 24 is
21 in 22 aging
22 aging 23 research
24 is 25 growing
25 growing 26 in
26 in 27 popularity

this study aimed at validating the mtl/memory and fl/executive functions indexes in french - speaking adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
2 study 8 and
3 aimed 4 at
4 at 5 validating
5 validating 7 mtl/memory
6 the 7 mtl/memory
8 and 11 indexes
8 and 12 in
9 fl/executive 11 indexes
10 functions 11 indexes
12 in 16 adults
13 french 14 -
13 french 16 adults
15 speaking 16 adults

ninety - eight healthy participants ( 32 young and 66 older adults ) were tested on eight neuropsychological tests , three associated with mtl/memory functions and five associated with fl/executive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ninety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 - 5 participants
2 - 20 ,
3 eight 5 participants
4 healthy 5 participants
5 participants 7 32
6 ( 7 32
7 32 9 and
7 32 14 were
7 32 15 tested
7 32 20 ,
8 young 9 and
9 and 12 adults
9 and 13 )
9 and 14 were
10 66 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
15 tested 16 on
16 on 19 tests
17 eight 19 tests
18 neuropsychological 19 tests
20 , 21 three
20 , 22 associated
20 , 26 and
21 three 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 25 functions
24 mtl/memory 25 functions
26 and 27 five
26 and 28 associated
27 five 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
29 with 31 functions
30 fl/executive 31 functions

factor analysis indicated that residual scores [independent] of age and associated with mtl/memory functions grouped under one factor , and residual scores associated with fl/executive functions grouped under another factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 factor 6 scores
1 factor 10 and
2 analysis 3 indicated
3 indicated 6 scores
4 that 5 residual
5 residual 6 scores
6 scores 8 of
8 of 9 age
10 and 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 14 functions
12 with 13 mtl/memory
14 functions 15 grouped
14 functions 16 under
16 under 18 factor
17 one 18 factor
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 scores
20 and 27 grouped
21 residual 22 scores
22 scores 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 26 functions
24 with 27 grouped
25 fl/executive 26 functions
27 grouped 28 under
28 under 30 factor
29 another 30 factor

bootstrapping analysis with 1,000 resamples confirmed stability for seven neuropsychological tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bootstrapping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 resamples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 bootstrapping 2 analysis
1 bootstrapping 3 with
1 bootstrapping 5 resamples
3 with 4 1,000
5 resamples 7 stability
6 confirmed 7 stability
7 stability 8 for
8 for 11 tests
9 seven 11 tests
10 neuropsychological 11 tests

this study provides the first validation of the mtl/memory and fl/executive functions composite scores in french - speaking adults , which may be used to assess cognitive changes in aging research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 6 validation
3 provides 15 in
3 provides 18 speaking
4 the 6 validation
5 first 6 validation
6 validation 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 the 9 mtl/memory
9 mtl/memory 10 and
10 and 14 scores
11 fl/executive 14 scores
12 functions 14 scores
13 composite 14 scores
15 in 16 french
17 - 18 speaking
18 speaking 19 adults
18 speaking 20 ,
20 , 21 which
20 , 24 used
21 which 22 may
22 may 23 be
23 be 24 used
24 used 25 to
25 to 26 assess
26 assess 28 changes
26 assess 29 in
27 cognitive 28 changes
29 in 30 aging
30 aging 31 research

mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) mutations are causatively associated with photo [-] ageing and [are] used as biomarkers of uv exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 mitochondrial 2 dna
2 dna 4 mtdna
2 dna 6 mutations
3 ( 4 mtdna
4 mtdna 5 )
6 mutations 7 are
7 are 14 and
8 causatively 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 14 and
10 with 13 ageing
11 photo 13 ageing
14 and 16 used
14 and 17 as
17 as 18 biomarkers
18 biomarkers 19 of
19 of 21 exposure
20 uv 21 exposure

the most prominent mitochondrial mutation is the common deletion ( cd ) , which is induced in many tissues by oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 5 mutation
3 prominent 5 mutation
4 mitochondrial 5 mutation
5 mutation 6 is
6 is 9 deletion
7 the 9 deletion
8 common 9 deletion
9 deletion 11 cd
10 ( 11 cd
11 cd 12 )
13 , 14 which
13 , 16 induced
14 which 15 is
15 is 16 induced
16 induced 17 in
16 induced 20 by
17 in 19 tissues
18 many 19 tissues
20 by 22 stress
21 oxidative 22 stress

more photo [-] specific mutations might be cc to tt tandem transitions which arise from uv - induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 more 5 mutations
2 photo 5 mutations
4 specific 5 mutations
5 mutations 6 might
6 might 7 be
7 be 8 cc
7 be 9 to
9 to 12 transitions
10 tt 12 transitions
11 tandem 12 transitions
12 transitions 13 which
12 transitions 14 arise
13 which 14 arise
14 arise 15 from
15 from 16 uv
17 - 21 dimers
18 induced 19 cyclobutane
19 cyclobutane 21 dimers
20 pyrimidine 21 dimers

as nucleotide excision repair is absent in mitochondria , this dna damage can presumably not be repaired resulting in high mitochondrial mutation levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 as 4 repair
1 as 5 is
1 as 9 ,
1 as 12 damage
2 nucleotide 4 repair
3 excision 4 repair
4 repair 5 is
5 is 6 absent
6 absent 7 in
7 in 8 mitochondria
10 this 12 damage
11 dna 12 damage
12 damage 13 can
13 can 15 not
13 can 16 be
14 presumably 15 not
16 be 18 resulting
17 repaired 18 resulting
18 resulting 19 in
19 in 23 levels
20 high 22 mutation
21 mitochondrial 22 mutation
22 mutation 23 levels

here , we analysed levels of the cd , a mitochondrial and a chromosomal tandem transition in epidermis and dermis [from] exposed and less uv - exposed skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 analysed
4 analysed 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
6 of 8 cd
7 the 8 cd
9 , 25 uv
9 , 26 -
10 a 25 uv
11 mitochondrial 12 and
12 and 16 transition
12 and 17 in
12 and 19 and
13 a 14 chromosomal
13 a 16 transition
14 chromosomal 15 tandem
15 tandem 16 transition
17 in 18 epidermis
19 and 20 dermis
19 and 22 exposed
19 and 23 and
23 and 24 less
23 and 25 uv
26 - 28 skin
27 exposed 28 skin

[we] also analysed mtdna copy number , for which changes as a result of oxidative stress have been described in different experimental settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 also 3 analysed
3 analysed 4 mtdna
4 mtdna 6 number
5 copy 6 number
7 , 8 for
7 , 19 described
8 for 9 which
9 which 10 changes
10 changes 11 as
10 changes 17 have
11 as 13 result
12 a 13 result
13 result 14 of
14 of 16 stress
15 oxidative 16 stress
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 described
19 described 20 in
20 in 23 settings
21 different 23 settings
22 experimental 23 settings

whereas mitochondrial tandem transition levels were surprisingly low with no discernible correlation with uv exposure , mtdna copy number and cd were significantly increased in uv - exposed samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 increased
1 whereas 5 levels
1 whereas 6 were
1 whereas 20 and
2 mitochondrial 4 transition
3 tandem 4 transition
4 transition 5 levels
5 levels 6 were
6 were 8 low
7 surprisingly 8 low
8 low 9 with
9 with 12 correlation
9 with 13 with
10 no 12 correlation
11 discernible 12 correlation
13 with 14 uv
15 exposure 16 ,
16 , 19 number
16 , 20 and
17 mtdna 18 copy
18 copy 19 number
20 and 21 cd
20 and 22 were
22 were 24 increased
23 significantly 24 increased
24 increased 25 in
25 in 26 uv
26 uv 29 samples
27 - 29 samples
28 exposed 29 samples
29 samples 30 .

background : most neuropsychological batteries , especially those most often used , are unsuitable for the assessment of patients with severe dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 batteries
2 : 13 are
2 : 23 .
3 most 4 neuropsychological
4 neuropsychological 5 batteries
5 batteries 8 those
5 batteries 13 are
6 , 7 especially
6 , 8 those
8 those 11 used
8 those 12 ,
9 most 10 often
10 often 11 used
13 are 14 unsuitable
14 unsuitable 15 for
14 unsuitable 20 with
15 for 17 assessment
16 the 17 assessment
17 assessment 18 of
18 of 19 patients
20 with 22 dementia
21 severe 22 dementia

the severe impairment battery ( sib ) was developed for the evaluation of preserved cognitive functions in these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sib
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 6 sib
2 severe 3 impairment
3 impairment 4 battery
4 battery 6 sib
5 ( 6 sib
6 sib 7 )
6 sib 8 was
8 was 9 developed
9 developed 10 for
9 developed 17 in
10 for 12 evaluation
11 the 12 evaluation
12 evaluation 13 of
13 of 16 functions
14 preserved 16 functions
15 cognitive 16 functions
17 in 19 patients
18 these 19 patients

the aim of this study was to formulate a greek version of the sib and to conduct a first assessment of its use of patients with mild , moderate , or severe alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , compared to the mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 formulate
7 to 8 formulate
8 formulate 11 version
9 a 10 greek
9 a 11 version
10 greek 11 version
11 version 12 of
12 of 14 sib
13 the 14 sib
15 and 16 to
15 and 34 's
16 to 17 conduct
16 to 34 's
17 conduct 20 assessment
18 a 20 assessment
19 first 20 assessment
20 assessment 21 of
21 of 23 use
22 its 23 use
23 use 24 of
24 of 25 patients
25 patients 26 with
26 with 33 alzheimer
27 mild 28 ,
28 , 29 moderate
28 , 31 or
30 , 31 or
31 or 32 severe
31 or 33 alzheimer
34 's 35 disease
34 's 40 compared
35 disease 37 ad
36 ( 37 ad
37 ad 38 )
39 , 40 compared
40 compared 41 to
40 compared 50 )
41 to 43 mini
42 the 43 mini
43 mini 49 mmse
44 - 49 mmse
45 mental 46 state
46 state 47 examination
47 examination 49 mmse
48 ( 49 mmse
49 mmse 50 )

methods : a convenience sample of 42 dementia patients according to dsm - iv - tr criteria and 23 healthy participants was selected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 sample
2 : 22 was
2 : 24 .
3 a 5 sample
4 convenience 5 sample
5 sample 6 of
5 sample 22 was
6 of 18 and
7 42 9 patients
8 dementia 9 patients
9 patients 10 according
9 patients 18 and
10 according 11 to
10 according 17 criteria
11 to 12 dsm
12 dsm 14 iv
13 - 14 iv
14 iv 15 -
16 tr 17 criteria
18 and 21 participants
19 23 21 participants
20 healthy 21 participants
22 was 23 selected

patients were assessed twice using a greek translation of the sib and the greek version of mmse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 twice
3 assessed 5 using
5 using 12 and
6 a 8 translation
7 greek 8 translation
8 translation 9 of
8 translation 12 and
9 of 11 sib
10 the 11 sib
12 and 15 version
12 and 16 of
13 the 15 version
14 greek 15 version
16 of 17 mmse

patients were divided into three severity groups based [on] grouped by clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) score and the sib and mmse scores were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
4 into 5 three
5 three 7 groups
5 three 18 score
6 severity 7 groups
7 groups 8 based
7 groups 10 grouped
7 groups 18 score
10 grouped 11 by
11 by 16 cdr
12 clinical 13 dementia
13 dementia 14 rating
14 rating 16 cdr
15 ( 16 cdr
16 cdr 17 )
19 and 22 and
19 and 26 compared
20 the 21 sib
21 sib 22 and
22 and 24 scores
22 and 25 were
23 mmse 24 scores
25 were 26 compared

results : the validity of the sib was confirmed by evaluating the correlation coefficients between the sib and greek - mmse , grouped by cdr , which were found to be significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 validity
2 : 9 confirmed
2 : 18 and
2 : 26 ,
3 the 4 validity
4 validity 5 of
4 validity 8 was
5 of 7 sib
6 the 7 sib
8 was 9 confirmed
9 confirmed 10 by
10 by 11 evaluating
11 evaluating 14 coefficients
12 the 14 coefficients
13 correlation 14 coefficients
14 coefficients 15 between
15 between 17 sib
16 the 17 sib
18 and 19 greek
18 and 23 grouped
19 greek 21 mmse
19 greek 23 grouped
20 - 21 mmse
21 mmse 22 ,
23 grouped 24 by
24 by 25 cdr
26 , 27 which
26 , 29 found
27 which 28 were
28 were 29 found
29 found 30 to
30 to 31 be
31 be 32 significant

cronbach 's α for the total sib score and each subscale score showed high significance , and the item [-] total correlation for each subscale was also acceptable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 α
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 cronbach 2 's
2 's 3 α
3 α 4 for
3 α 13 showed
4 for 9 and
5 the 8 score
6 total 8 score
7 sib 8 score
8 score 9 and
9 and 12 score
10 each 11 subscale
11 subscale 12 score
13 showed 17 and
13 showed 23 for
13 showed 25 subscale
13 showed 26 was
14 high 15 significance
15 significance 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 22 correlation
18 the 22 correlation
19 item 22 correlation
21 total 22 correlation
23 for 24 each
25 subscale 26 was
26 was 27 also
26 was 28 acceptable

the test - retest [correlation] for the total sib score and subscale scores were significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 test
3 - 4 retest
3 - 11 and
3 - 16 .
4 retest 6 for
6 for 10 score
7 the 10 score
8 total 10 score
9 sib 10 score
11 and 13 scores
11 and 14 were
12 subscale 13 scores
13 scores 14 were
14 were 15 significant

the total sib score and subscale scores were examined according to cdr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 4 score
2 total 4 score
3 sib 4 score
5 and 7 scores
5 and 9 examined
6 subscale 7 scores
7 scores 8 were
8 were 9 examined
9 examined 11 to
10 according 11 to
11 to 12 cdr

conclusion : the greek sib is reliable and valid in differentiating patients with moderate or severe dementia , whereas mmse loses sensitivity due to a floor and ceiling effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 sib
2 : 6 is
2 : 30 .
3 the 5 sib
4 greek 5 sib
5 sib 6 is
6 is 8 and
7 reliable 8 and
8 and 9 valid
9 valid 10 in
9 valid 24 to
10 in 11 differentiating
11 differentiating 12 patients
11 differentiating 19 whereas
12 patients 13 with
13 with 15 or
14 moderate 15 or
15 or 17 dementia
15 or 18 ,
16 severe 17 dementia
19 whereas 20 mmse
19 whereas 21 loses
20 mmse 21 loses
21 loses 22 sensitivity
23 due 24 to
24 to 27 and
25 a 26 floor
26 floor 27 and
27 and 29 effect
28 ceiling 29 effect

introduction : late - onset hypogonadism may impair quality of life and contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in aging men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 6 hypogonadism
2 : 12 and
3 late 4 -
3 late 5 onset
5 onset 6 hypogonadism
6 hypogonadism 7 may
7 may 12 and
8 impair 9 quality
8 impair 12 and
9 quality 10 of
10 of 11 life
12 and 13 contribute
12 and 14 to
12 and 21 men
14 to 18 comorbidity
15 metabolic 16 and
16 and 17 cardiovascular
16 and 18 comorbidity
18 comorbidity 19 in
19 in 20 aging

testosterone replacement therapy is effective in treating hypogonadism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 testosterone 3 therapy
2 replacement 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 is
4 is 5 effective
5 effective 6 in
6 in 7 treating
7 treating 8 hypogonadism

however , for the millions of men with a history of prostate cancer , exogenous testosterone has long been considered contraindicated , even though little data in such men are available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 16 testosterone
1 however 20 considered
1 however 26 data
2 , 3 for
3 for 5 millions
3 for 14 ,
3 for 16 testosterone
4 the 5 millions
5 millions 6 of
6 of 7 men
7 men 8 with
8 with 10 history
9 a 10 history
10 history 11 of
11 of 13 cancer
12 prostate 13 cancer
15 exogenous 16 testosterone
16 testosterone 17 has
17 has 19 been
18 long 19 been
19 been 20 considered
21 contraindicated 22 ,
21 contraindicated 26 data
23 even 24 though
24 though 25 little
24 though 26 data
26 data 27 in
26 data 30 are
27 in 29 men
28 such 29 men
30 are 31 available

clarification of this safety issue could allow treatment to be considered for a sizeable segment of the aging male population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clarification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 clarification 2 of
1 clarification 6 could
2 of 5 issue
3 this 5 issue
4 safety 5 issue
6 could 7 allow
7 allow 8 treatment
7 allow 9 to
7 allow 11 considered
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 considered
11 considered 12 for
12 for 15 segment
13 a 14 sizeable
13 a 15 segment
14 sizeable 15 segment
15 segment 16 of
16 of 20 population
17 the 20 population
18 aging 20 population
19 male 20 population

aim : the aim of this study is to examine population - based utilization and impact of testosterone replacement therapy in men with prostate cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 examine
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 is
8 is 9 to
8 is 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 11 population
12 - 15 and
13 based 14 utilization
14 utilization 15 and
15 and 16 impact
15 and 17 of
17 of 20 therapy
18 testosterone 19 replacement
19 replacement 20 therapy
20 therapy 21 in
21 in 22 men
22 men 23 with
23 with 25 cancer
24 prostate 25 cancer

methods : using linked surveillance , epidemiology , and end results - medicare data , we identified 149,354 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1992 to 2007 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 16 we
2 : 17 identified
2 : 28 .
3 using 5 surveillance
3 using 12 -
3 using 15 ,
3 using 16 we
4 linked 5 surveillance
6 , 12 -
7 epidemiology 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 results
9 and 12 -
10 end 11 results
12 - 14 data
12 - 15 ,
13 medicare 14 data
16 we 17 identified
17 identified 19 men
17 identified 21 with
17 identified 26 to
18 149,354 19 men
19 men 20 diagnosed
21 with 23 cancer
22 prostate 23 cancer
24 from 26 to
25 1992 26 to
26 to 27 2007

of those , 1181 ( 0.79 % ) men received exogenous testosterone following their cancer diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 of 2 those
1 of 9 men
2 those 4 1181
3 , 4 1181
4 1181 7 %
4 1181 8 )
5 ( 7 %
6 0.79 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 men 10 received
10 received 12 testosterone
11 exogenous 12 testosterone
12 testosterone 13 following
13 following 16 diagnosis
14 their 16 diagnosis
15 cancer 16 diagnosis

we used propensity scoring analysis to examine the effect of testosterone replacement on the use of salvage hormone therapy and overall and prostate cancer - specific mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
1 we 2 used
2 used 5 analysis
2 used 6 to
2 used 7 examine
3 propensity 4 scoring
4 scoring 5 analysis
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 effect
7 examine 13 on
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
10 of 12 replacement
11 testosterone 12 replacement
13 on 15 use
14 the 15 use
15 use 16 of
16 of 22 and
17 salvage 19 therapy
18 hormone 19 therapy
19 therapy 20 and
20 and 21 overall
20 and 22 and
22 and 24 cancer
22 and 27 mortality
23 prostate 24 cancer
25 - 27 mortality
26 specific 27 mortality
27 mortality 28 .

main outcome measures : we assessed overall mortality , cancer - specific mortality , and the use of salvage hormone therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 assessed
4 : 11 -
4 : 22 .
5 we 6 assessed
6 assessed 8 mortality
7 overall 8 mortality
8 mortality 10 cancer
9 , 10 cancer
10 cancer 11 -
11 - 15 and
12 specific 13 mortality
13 mortality 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 use
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 use
18 of 21 therapy
19 salvage 21 therapy
20 hormone 21 therapy

results : following prostate cancer diagnosis , testosterone replacement was directly related to income and educational status and inversely related to age ( [all] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 following
3 following 6 diagnosis
4 prostate 5 cancer
5 cancer 6 diagnosis
7 , 9 replacement
7 , 18 and
8 testosterone 9 replacement
9 replacement 10 was
10 was 18 and
11 directly 12 related
12 related 13 to
12 related 18 and
13 to 15 and
14 income 15 and
15 and 17 status
16 educational 17 status
18 and 20 related
19 inversely 20 related
20 related 21 to
20 related 26 <
21 to 22 age
23 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.001
26 < 28 )

men undergoing radical prostatectomy and men with well - differentiated tumors were more likely to receive testosterone ( [all] p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 men 2 undergoing
1 men 5 and
2 undergoing 4 prostatectomy
3 radical 4 prostatectomy
5 and 6 men
5 and 7 with
7 with 8 well
9 - 10 differentiated
9 - 12 were
10 differentiated 12 were
11 tumors 12 were
12 were 14 likely
13 more 14 likely
14 likely 15 to
14 likely 16 receive
15 to 16 receive
16 receive 17 testosterone
16 receive 21 <
18 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.001
21 < 23 )

on adjusted analysis , testosterone replacement therapy was not associated with overall [or] cancer - specific mortality or [with] the use of salvage hormone therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 on 3 analysis
1 on 4 ,
1 on 7 therapy
2 adjusted 3 analysis
5 testosterone 6 replacement
6 replacement 7 therapy
7 therapy 8 was
8 was 9 not
8 was 11 with
9 not 10 associated
11 with 14 cancer
12 overall 14 cancer
15 - 18 or
16 specific 17 mortality
17 mortality 18 or
18 or 21 use
18 or 22 of
20 the 21 use
22 of 25 therapy
23 salvage 25 therapy
24 hormone 25 therapy

conclusions : in this population - based observational study of testosterone replacement therapy in men with a history of prostate cancer , treatment was not associated with increased overall [or] cancer - specific mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 population
4 this 5 population
5 population 9 study
6 - 9 study
7 based 9 study
8 observational 9 study
9 study 10 of
9 study 22 ,
10 of 13 therapy
11 testosterone 13 therapy
12 replacement 13 therapy
13 therapy 14 in
13 therapy 16 with
13 therapy 19 of
14 in 15 men
16 with 18 history
17 a 18 history
19 of 21 cancer
20 prostate 21 cancer
22 , 23 treatment
22 , 26 associated
23 treatment 24 was
24 was 25 not
24 was 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 31 cancer
28 increased 31 cancer
29 overall 31 cancer
31 cancer 34 mortality
32 - 34 mortality
33 specific 34 mortality
34 mortality 35 .

these findings suggest testosterone replacement therapy may be considered in men with a history of prostate cancer , but confirmatory prospective studies are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 therapy
3 suggest 9 considered
4 testosterone 5 replacement
5 replacement 6 therapy
6 therapy 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 considered
9 considered 10 in
9 considered 12 with
10 in 11 men
12 with 14 history
13 a 14 history
14 history 15 of
15 of 17 cancer
16 prostate 17 cancer
18 , 19 but
19 but 22 studies
19 but 23 are
20 confirmatory 22 studies
21 prospective 22 studies
22 studies 23 are
23 are 24 needed

many older listeners report difficulties in understanding speech in noisy situations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 listeners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 many 3 listeners
2 older 3 listeners
3 listeners 4 report
4 report 5 difficulties
4 report 6 in
6 in 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 speech
7 understanding 9 in
9 in 11 situations
10 noisy 11 situations

working memory and other cognitive skills may modulate older listeners ' ability to use context information to alleviate the effects of noise on spoken - word recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 modulate
1 working 2 memory
2 memory 3 and
3 and 6 skills
3 and 7 may
4 other 6 skills
5 cognitive 6 skills
7 may 8 modulate
8 modulate 12 ability
9 older 10 listeners
10 listeners 11 '
11 ' 12 ability
12 ability 13 to
12 ability 24 spoken
12 ability 27 recognition
13 to 16 information
14 use 16 information
15 context 16 information
16 information 17 to
16 information 23 on
17 to 18 alleviate
18 alleviate 20 effects
18 alleviate 23 on
19 the 20 effects
20 effects 21 of
21 of 22 noise
25 - 27 recognition
26 word 27 recognition
27 recognition 28 .

in the present study , we investigated whether verbal working memory predicts older adults ' ability to immediately use context information in the recognition of words embedded in sentences , presented in different listening conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 investigated
7 investigated 8 whether
7 investigated 22 in
7 investigated 28 in
7 investigated 32 in
8 whether 11 memory
8 whether 12 predicts
9 verbal 11 memory
10 working 11 memory
11 memory 12 predicts
12 predicts 16 ability
13 older 14 adults
14 adults 15 '
15 ' 16 ability
16 ability 17 to
16 ability 19 use
17 to 19 use
18 immediately 19 use
19 use 21 information
20 context 21 information
22 in 24 recognition
23 the 24 recognition
24 recognition 25 of
25 of 26 words
26 words 27 embedded
28 in 30 ,
29 sentences 30 ,
30 , 31 presented
32 in 35 conditions
33 different 35 conditions
34 listening 35 conditions

in a phoneme - [monitoring] task , older adults were asked to detect as fast and as accurately as possible target phonemes in sentences spoken by a target speaker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 phoneme
1 in 4 -
1 in 6 task
2 a 3 phoneme
7 , 9 adults
7 , 11 asked
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 were
10 were 11 asked
11 asked 12 to
11 asked 13 detect
12 to 13 detect
13 detect 16 and
13 detect 19 as
13 detect 23 in
13 detect 29 speaker
14 as 15 fast
15 fast 16 and
16 and 18 accurately
17 as 18 accurately
19 as 22 phonemes
20 possible 21 target
21 target 22 phonemes
23 in 24 sentences
24 sentences 25 spoken
25 spoken 26 by
26 by 28 target
27 a 28 target

target speech was presented without noise , with fluctuating speech - shaped noise , or with competing speech from a single distractor speaker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speech
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 target 2 speech
2 speech 3 was
3 was 4 presented
4 presented 15 or
5 without 6 noise
5 without 15 or
6 noise 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 10 speech
8 with 14 ,
9 fluctuating 10 speech
10 speech 13 noise
11 - 13 noise
12 shaped 13 noise
13 noise 14 ,
14 , 15 or
15 or 16 with
16 with 18 speech
17 competing 18 speech
18 speech 19 from
19 from 23 speaker
20 a 23 speaker
21 single 23 speaker
22 distractor 23 speaker

the gradient measure of contextual probability ( derived from a separate offline rating study ) affected the speed of recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 measure
2 gradient 3 measure
3 measure 4 of
3 measure 16 affected
4 of 6 probability
5 contextual 6 probability
6 probability 8 derived
7 ( 8 derived
8 derived 9 from
8 derived 15 )
9 from 14 study
10 a 11 separate
10 a 14 study
11 separate 13 rating
12 offline 13 rating
13 rating 14 study
16 affected 18 speed
17 the 18 speed
18 speed 19 of
19 of 20 recognition

contextual facilitation was modulated by older listeners ' verbal working memory ( measured with a [backward] digit span task ) and age across listening conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 facilitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 contextual 2 facilitation
2 facilitation 3 was
3 was 4 modulated
4 modulated 5 by
4 modulated 23 across
5 by 21 and
6 older 7 listeners
7 listeners 8 '
8 ' 9 verbal
9 verbal 10 working
9 verbal 21 and
10 working 11 memory
11 memory 13 measured
12 ( 13 measured
13 measured 14 with
13 measured 20 )
14 with 19 task
15 a 19 task
17 digit 19 task
18 span 19 task
21 and 22 age
23 across 25 conditions
24 listening 25 conditions

working memory and age , as well as hearing loss , were also the most consistent predictors of overall listening performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 working 2 memory
2 memory 3 and
3 and 4 age
3 and 8 as
3 and 12 were
5 , 8 as
6 as 7 well
7 well 8 as
8 as 9 hearing
8 as 11 ,
9 hearing 10 loss
12 were 13 also
12 were 17 predictors
14 the 15 most
15 most 17 predictors
16 consistent 17 predictors
17 predictors 18 of
18 of 21 performance
19 overall 20 listening
20 listening 21 performance

older listeners ' immediate benefit from context in spoken [-] word recognition thus relates to their ability to [keep] [and] update a semantic representation of the sentence content in working memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 update
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 older 2 listeners
2 listeners 3 '
3 ' 5 benefit
4 immediate 5 benefit
5 benefit 6 from
5 benefit 14 relates
6 from 7 context
7 context 8 in
8 in 12 recognition
9 spoken 11 word
11 word 12 recognition
13 thus 14 relates
14 relates 15 to
14 relates 18 to
15 to 17 ability
16 their 17 ability
18 to 21 update
21 update 24 representation
21 update 29 in
22 a 23 semantic
22 a 24 representation
23 semantic 24 representation
24 representation 25 of
25 of 28 content
26 the 28 content
27 sentence 28 content
29 in 30 working
30 working 31 memory

purpose : the american society of clinical oncology ( asco ) published a study in 2007 that anticipated a shortage of oncologists by 2020 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 society
2 : 12 published
2 : 25 .
3 the 4 american
4 american 5 society
5 society 6 of
5 society 12 published
6 of 10 asco
7 clinical 8 oncology
8 oncology 10 asco
9 ( 10 asco
10 asco 11 )
12 published 14 study
13 a 14 study
14 study 15 in
14 study 17 that
14 study 18 anticipated
15 in 16 2007
17 that 18 anticipated
18 anticipated 20 shortage
18 anticipated 23 by
19 a 20 shortage
20 shortage 21 of
21 of 22 oncologists
23 by 24 2020

[this] study aims to update and better assess the market for chemotherapy and radiation therapy and the impact of health reform on capacity of and demand for oncologists and radiation oncologists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 study 3 aims
2 study 6 and
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 update
4 to 5 update
6 and 8 assess
7 better 8 assess
8 assess 10 market
8 assess 31 oncologists
9 the 10 market
10 market 11 for
10 market 31 oncologists
11 for 25 and
12 chemotherapy 13 and
13 and 14 radiation
13 and 16 and
13 and 24 of
13 and 25 and
15 therapy 16 and
16 and 18 impact
16 and 19 of
16 and 21 reform
17 the 18 impact
19 of 20 health
21 reform 22 on
22 on 23 capacity
23 capacity 24 of
25 and 26 demand
25 and 27 for
27 for 29 and
28 oncologists 29 and
29 and 30 radiation

methods : the supply of oncologists and radiation oncologists , by age , sex , and specialty , was projected through 2025 with an input - output model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 supply
2 : 20 projected
2 : 26 -
3 the 4 supply
4 supply 5 of
4 supply 16 and
4 supply 19 was
5 of 7 and
6 oncologists 7 and
7 and 9 oncologists
7 and 11 by
8 radiation 9 oncologists
10 , 11 by
11 by 12 age
11 by 13 ,
13 , 16 and
14 sex 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 specialty
16 and 18 ,
19 was 20 projected
20 projected 21 through
21 through 22 2025
22 2025 23 with
23 with 25 input
24 an 25 input
26 - 28 model
27 output 28 model

the medical expenditure panel survey , commercial claims , and medicare claims were analyzed to determine patterns of use by patient characteristics such as age , sex , health insurance coverage , cancer site , physician specialty , and service type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 5 survey
2 medical 3 expenditure
3 expenditure 4 panel
4 panel 5 survey
5 survey 6 ,
6 , 8 claims
6 , 10 and
7 commercial 8 claims
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 claims
10 and 13 were
11 medicare 12 claims
13 were 14 analyzed
14 analyzed 15 to
15 to 16 determine
16 determine 17 patterns
16 determine 24 as
17 patterns 18 of
17 patterns 20 by
18 of 19 use
20 by 22 characteristics
21 patient 22 characteristics
23 such 24 as
24 as 39 and
25 age 26 ,
26 , 27 sex
26 , 28 ,
28 , 31 coverage
28 , 32 ,
29 health 31 coverage
30 insurance 31 coverage
32 , 34 site
32 , 35 ,
33 cancer 34 site
35 , 37 specialty
35 , 39 and
36 physician 37 specialty
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 type
40 service 41 type

patterns of use were then applied to the projected prevalence of cancer , using data from the seer program of the national cancer institute . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 applied
1 patterns 2 of
1 patterns 4 were
2 of 3 use
4 were 5 then
4 were 6 applied
6 applied 7 to
7 to 10 prevalence
8 the 10 prevalence
9 projected 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 of
11 of 12 cancer
12 cancer 14 using
13 , 14 using
14 using 15 data
14 using 25 .
15 data 16 from
15 data 20 of
16 from 19 program
17 the 19 program
18 seer 19 program
20 of 24 institute
21 the 24 institute
22 national 23 cancer
23 cancer 24 institute

results : beginning in 2012 , 16,347 oncologists and radiation oncologists were active and supplying 15,190 full - time equivalents ( ftes [ )(of patient care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 beginning
2 : 4 in
4 in 5 2012
6 , 9 and
6 , 12 were
7 16,347 8 oncologists
8 oncologists 9 and
9 and 11 oncologists
9 and 12 were
10 radiation 11 oncologists
12 were 14 and
13 active 14 and
14 and 20 equivalents
14 and 22 ftes
15 supplying 20 equivalents
16 15,190 20 equivalents
17 full 18 -
17 full 20 equivalents
19 time 20 equivalents
21 ( 22 ftes
22 ftes 24 )(of
22 ftes 27 .
24 )(of 26 care
25 patient 26 care

without consideration of the affordable care act ( aca ) , overall demand for oncologist services is projected to grow 40 % ( 21,255 ftes ) , whereas supply may grow only 25 % ( 18,997 ftes ) , generating a shortage of 2,258 ftes in 2025 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 demand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 grow
1 without 2 consideration
1 without 11 ,
1 without 13 demand
2 consideration 3 of
2 consideration 9 aca
3 of 7 act
4 the 7 act
5 affordable 6 care
6 care 7 act
8 ( 9 aca
9 aca 10 )
12 overall 13 demand
13 demand 14 for
13 demand 17 is
14 for 16 services
15 oncologist 16 services
17 is 18 projected
18 projected 19 to
19 to 20 grow
20 grow 22 %
20 grow 28 whereas
21 40 22 %
22 % 25 ftes
23 ( 25 ftes
24 21,255 25 ftes
25 ftes 26 )
27 , 28 whereas
28 whereas 29 supply
29 supply 30 may
30 may 31 grow
31 grow 34 %
31 grow 40 generating
32 only 33 25
33 25 34 %
34 % 37 ftes
35 ( 37 ftes
36 18,997 37 ftes
37 ftes 38 )
39 , 40 generating
40 generating 42 shortage
40 generating 46 in
40 generating 48 .
41 a 42 shortage
42 shortage 43 of
43 of 45 ftes
44 2,258 45 ftes
46 in 47 2025

when fully implemented , the aca could increase the demand for oncologists and radiation oncologists by 500,000 visits per year , increasing the shortage to 2,393 ftes in 2025 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aca
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increase
1 when 3 implemented
1 when 4 ,
1 when 6 aca
2 fully 3 implemented
5 the 6 aca
6 aca 7 could
7 could 8 increase
8 increase 10 demand
8 increase 11 for
8 increase 16 by
8 increase 22 increasing
9 the 10 demand
11 for 13 and
12 oncologists 13 and
13 and 15 oncologists
14 radiation 15 oncologists
16 by 18 visits
17 500,000 18 visits
18 visits 19 per
19 per 20 year
21 , 22 increasing
22 increasing 24 shortage
22 increasing 30 .
23 the 24 shortage
24 shortage 25 to
24 shortage 28 in
25 to 27 ftes
26 2,393 27 ftes
28 in 29 2025

conclusion : anticipated shortages are largely consistent with the projections of the asco 2007 workforce study but somewhat more delayed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 shortages
2 : 5 are
2 : 17 but
2 : 21 .
3 anticipated 4 shortages
4 shortages 5 are
5 are 7 consistent
6 largely 7 consistent
7 consistent 8 with
8 with 10 projections
9 the 10 projections
10 projections 11 of
11 of 16 study
12 the 16 study
13 asco 14 2007
13 asco 16 study
15 workforce 16 study
17 but 19 more
17 but 20 delayed
18 somewhat 19 more
19 more 20 delayed

the aca may modestly exacerbate the shortage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aca
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exacerbate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 2 aca
2 aca 3 may
3 may 5 exacerbate
4 modestly 5 exacerbate
5 exacerbate 7 shortage
6 the 7 shortage

unless oncologist productivity can be enhanced , the anticipated shortage will strain the ability to provide quality cancer care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 shortage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 strain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 unless 3 productivity
1 unless 6 enhanced
1 unless 10 shortage
2 oncologist 3 productivity
3 productivity 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 enhanced
6 enhanced 7 ,
8 the 10 shortage
9 anticipated 10 shortage
10 shortage 11 will
11 will 12 strain
12 strain 14 ability
13 the 14 ability
14 ability 15 to
14 ability 16 provide
15 to 16 provide
16 provide 19 care
17 quality 19 care
18 cancer 19 care

mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) can be considered as an intermediate stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 mild 3 impairment
2 cognitive 3 impairment
3 impairment 5 mci
3 impairment 7 can
4 ( 5 mci
5 mci 6 )
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 considered
9 considered 10 as
9 considered 14 between
10 as 13 stage
11 an 12 intermediate
11 an 13 stage
12 intermediate 13 stage
14 between 18 and
15 normal 17 aging
16 cognitive 17 aging
17 aging 18 and
18 and 19 dementia

its screening is extremely important because within a year in 15 - 20 % of cases dementia can evolve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 screening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 its 2 screening
2 screening 3 is
3 is 5 important
4 extremely 5 important
5 important 6 because
6 because 17 dementia
6 because 19 evolve
7 within 9 year
7 within 17 dementia
8 a 9 year
9 year 10 in
10 in 14 %
11 15 12 -
12 - 13 20
12 - 14 %
14 % 15 of
15 of 16 cases
17 dementia 18 can
18 can 19 evolve

in hungary , the most widely used screening tool for both dementia and mci is the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , which is often criticized for its poor screening sensitivity of mild dementia [and] mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tool
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 in 8 screening
1 in 9 tool
2 hungary 7 used
2 hungary 8 screening
3 , 7 used
4 the 5 most
5 most 6 widely
6 widely 7 used
9 tool 10 for
9 tool 12 dementia
10 for 11 both
13 and 14 mci
13 and 15 is
14 mci 15 is
15 is 22 mmse
16 the 22 mmse
17 mini 18 mental
18 mental 19 state
19 state 20 examination
20 examination 22 mmse
21 ( 22 mmse
22 mmse 23 )
22 mmse 25 which
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 is
25 which 39 .
26 is 27 often
26 is 28 criticized
28 criticized 29 for
29 for 33 sensitivity
30 its 33 sensitivity
31 poor 33 sensitivity
32 screening 33 sensitivity
33 sensitivity 34 of
34 of 36 dementia
35 mild 36 dementia
36 dementia 38 mci

to eliminate this problem , the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) was developed , especially for screening mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 eliminate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 to 2 eliminate
2 eliminate 4 problem
3 this 4 problem
5 , 9 assessment
5 , 14 developed
6 the 9 assessment
7 montreal 8 cognitive
8 cognitive 9 assessment
9 assessment 11 moca
9 assessment 13 was
10 ( 11 moca
11 moca 12 )
13 was 14 developed
14 developed 17 for
15 , 16 especially
15 , 17 for
17 for 18 screening
17 for 20 .
18 screening 19 mci

our study presents the first results with the hungarian translation of moca . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 presents
3 presents 6 results
3 presents 7 with
4 the 6 results
5 first 6 results
7 with 10 translation
8 the 10 translation
9 hungarian 10 translation
10 translation 11 of
11 of 12 moca

we used beck depression inventory ( bdi ) for controlling depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 7 bdi
2 used 9 for
3 beck 4 depression
4 depression 5 inventory
5 inventory 7 bdi
6 ( 7 bdi
7 bdi 8 )
9 for 10 controlling
10 controlling 11 depression

in moca the cutoff score between healthy and [mci] persons was 24 out of 30 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 moca
1 in 5 score
3 the 5 score
4 cutoff 5 score
5 score 6 between
5 score 11 was
6 between 8 and
7 healthy 8 and
8 and 10 persons
11 was 12 24
12 24 14 of
13 out 14 of
14 of 15 30

moca was more sensitive in detecting mci than mmse and its inner consistency was also slightly higher . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 moca
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moca 2 was
2 was 4 sensitive
3 more 4 sensitive
4 sensitive 5 in
5 in 6 detecting
6 detecting 7 mci
6 detecting 8 than
8 than 9 mmse
10 and 13 consistency
10 and 14 was
11 its 13 consistency
12 inner 13 consistency
13 consistency 14 was
14 was 15 also
14 was 17 higher
16 slightly 17 higher

specificity of the tests to detect mci was similar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 specificity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 specificity 2 of
1 specificity 5 to
1 specificity 6 detect
1 specificity 8 was
2 of 4 tests
3 the 4 tests
5 to 6 detect
6 detect 7 mci
8 was 9 similar

the results on bdi were not related to either moca or mmse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 on
2 results 5 were
3 on 4 bdi
5 were 6 not
5 were 8 to
6 not 7 related
8 to 11 or
9 either 11 or
10 moca 11 or
11 or 12 mmse

our results [suggest] that moca can be a useful tool to detect [cognitive] decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 4 that
2 results 12 detect
2 results 14 decline
4 that 5 moca
4 that 12 detect
5 moca 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 10 tool
8 a 10 tool
9 useful 10 tool
11 to 12 detect

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and depression ( de ) are common psychiatric disorders strongly intertwined with one another . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alzheimer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 and 8 depression
7 and 12 are
8 depression 10 de
8 depression 12 are
9 ( 10 de
10 de 11 )
12 are 15 disorders
13 common 15 disorders
14 psychiatric 15 disorders
15 disorders 17 intertwined
16 strongly 17 intertwined
17 intertwined 18 with
18 with 20 another
19 one 20 another

nevertheless , etiology and early diagnosis of the disorders are still elusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 and
3 etiology 4 and
4 and 6 diagnosis
4 and 7 of
4 and 10 are
5 early 6 diagnosis
7 of 9 disorders
8 the 9 disorders
10 are 11 still
10 are 12 elusive
11 still 12 elusive

several genetic variations have been suggested to associate with ad and de , particularly in genes involved in the serotonergic system such as the serotonin transporter ( sert/slc6a4 ) , responsible for the removal from the synaptic cleft , and the monoamine - oxidase - a [(] maoa ) , responsible for the presynaptic degradation of serotonin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associate
1 several 3 variations
2 genetic 3 variations
3 variations 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 suggested
6 suggested 7 to
7 to 8 associate
8 associate 9 with
8 associate 14 particularly
9 with 11 and
10 ad 11 and
11 and 12 de
11 and 13 ,
14 particularly 15 in
15 in 16 genes
16 genes 17 involved
16 genes 23 as
16 genes 31 responsible
17 involved 18 in
18 in 21 system
19 the 21 system
20 serotonergic 21 system
22 such 23 as
23 as 26 transporter
24 the 26 transporter
25 serotonin 26 transporter
26 transporter 28 sert/slc6a4
27 ( 28 sert/slc6a4
28 sert/slc6a4 29 )
30 , 31 responsible
31 responsible 32 for
31 responsible 35 from
31 responsible 58 .
32 for 34 removal
33 the 34 removal
35 from 40 and
36 the 38 cleft
37 synaptic 38 cleft
38 cleft 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 monoamine
40 and 44 oxidase
41 the 42 monoamine
43 - 44 oxidase
44 oxidase 48 maoa
44 oxidase 51 responsible
44 oxidase 58 .
45 - 48 maoa
46 a 48 maoa
48 maoa 49 )
50 , 51 responsible
51 responsible 52 for
51 responsible 58 .
52 for 55 degradation
53 the 55 degradation
54 presynaptic 55 degradation
55 degradation 56 of
56 of 57 serotonin

here , we attempt to characterize this pleiotropic effect for the triallelic sert gene - linked polymorphic region [(] 5httlpr ) and for the maoa - uvntr , in participants in the vienna - transdanube - aging ( vita ) - study . 
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 attempt
4 attempt 5 to
4 attempt 6 characterize
5 to 6 characterize
6 characterize 9 effect
7 this 9 effect
8 pleiotropic 9 effect
9 effect 22 and
10 for 14 gene
10 for 22 and
11 the 14 gene
12 triallelic 14 gene
13 sert 14 gene
14 gene 20 5httlpr
15 - 20 5httlpr
16 linked 18 region
17 polymorphic 18 region
18 region 20 5httlpr
20 5httlpr 21 )
22 and 23 for
23 for 37 aging
24 the 37 aging
25 maoa 27 uvntr
25 maoa 37 aging
26 - 27 uvntr
27 uvntr 29 in
27 uvntr 35 transdanube
27 uvntr 36 -
28 , 29 in
29 in 30 participants
29 in 34 -
30 participants 31 in
31 in 33 vienna
32 the 33 vienna
34 - 35 transdanube
35 transdanube 36 -
37 aging 39 vita
37 aging 42 study
38 ( 39 vita
39 vita 40 )
41 - 42 study
42 study 43 .

the vita - study is a community - based longitudinal study following a birth cohort ( 75 years old at baseline examination , n = 606 ) from vienna for a period of 90 months with a regular [follow] - up interval of 30 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 vita
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 vita
3 - 4 study
3 - 5 is
3 - 46 .
4 study 5 is
5 is 7 community
5 is 25 =
5 is 28 from
6 a 7 community
7 community 11 study
8 - 11 study
9 based 11 study
10 longitudinal 11 study
11 study 12 following
11 study 19 old
11 study 23 ,
12 following 15 cohort
13 a 15 cohort
14 birth 15 cohort
16 ( 19 old
17 75 18 years
18 years 19 old
19 old 20 at
19 old 23 ,
20 at 22 examination
21 baseline 22 examination
24 n 25 =
25 = 26 606
25 = 27 )
28 from 29 vienna
29 vienna 30 for
29 vienna 33 of
30 for 32 period
31 a 32 period
33 of 35 months
34 90 35 months
35 months 36 with
36 with 42 interval
37 a 38 regular
37 a 42 interval
38 regular 40 -
38 regular 42 interval
41 up 42 interval
42 interval 43 of
43 of 45 months
44 30 45 months

our main finding [,] confirming previous reports , is that [the] 5httlpr s - allele is a risk allele for de ( [or] = 1.55 ci 95 % [1.03] - 2.32 [ )(and its carriers [had] a steeper [increase] in sgds sum score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 main
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 our 2 main
3 finding 5 confirming
3 finding 6 previous
3 finding 7 reports
8 , 12 5httlpr
8 , 14 -
9 is 10 that
9 is 12 5httlpr
12 5httlpr 13 s
14 - 15 allele
14 - 16 is
15 allele 16 is
16 is 19 allele
16 is 20 for
17 a 19 allele
18 risk 19 allele
20 for 21 de
21 de 33 )(and
22 ( 33 )(and
24 = 25 1.55
25 1.55 26 ci
26 ci 30 -
26 ci 33 )(and
27 95 28 %
27 95 30 -
30 - 31 2.32
33 )(and 43 score
33 )(and 44 .
34 its 43 score
35 carriers 43 score
37 a 40 in
38 steeper 40 in
40 in 42 sum
41 sgds 42 sum
42 sum 43 score

no association to ad was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 no 2 association
2 association 3 to
2 association 5 was
3 to 4 ad
5 was 6 found

maoa - uvntr did not associate with either ad or de . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 uvntr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 maoa 2 -
1 maoa 3 uvntr
3 uvntr 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 associate
6 associate 7 with
7 with 10 or
8 either 10 or
9 ad 10 or
10 or 11 de

however , in ad maoa - uvntr s - allele carriers a steeper increase of hamd and stai1 sum scores ( p < 0.05 ) was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 uvntr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 uvntr
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 maoa
3 in 6 -
3 in 7 uvntr
4 ad 5 maoa
7 uvntr 8 s
7 uvntr 11 carriers
7 uvntr 26 was
9 - 11 carriers
10 allele 11 carriers
11 carriers 14 increase
11 carriers 20 scores
11 carriers 25 )
12 a 14 increase
13 steeper 14 increase
14 increase 15 of
14 increase 20 scores
15 of 17 and
16 hamd 17 and
17 and 19 sum
18 stai1 19 sum
20 scores 23 <
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.05
23 < 25 )
26 was 27 observed

although the vita - study [cohort] is rather small with low power to detect gene alterations , the uniqueness of this very thoroughly investigated and homogenous cohort strengthens the results through exceptional data collection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 3 vita
1 although 4 -
1 although 5 study
2 the 3 vita
5 study 7 is
7 is 8 rather
7 is 9 small
9 small 10 with
9 small 13 to
9 small 14 detect
10 with 12 power
11 low 12 power
13 to 14 detect
14 detect 16 alterations
15 gene 16 alterations
17 , 19 uniqueness
17 , 28 strengthens
18 the 19 uniqueness
19 uniqueness 20 of
19 uniqueness 28 strengthens
20 of 25 and
21 this 24 investigated
21 this 25 and
22 very 23 thoroughly
23 thoroughly 24 investigated
25 and 27 cohort
26 homogenous 27 cohort
28 strengthens 34 collection
29 the 34 collection
30 results 34 collection
31 through 33 data
32 exceptional 33 data
33 data 34 collection

still , reinvestigation in a larger cohort similar to this , as well as a meta - analysis , is important to confirm these results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reinvestigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 still 2 ,
1 still 3 reinvestigation
3 reinvestigation 4 in
3 reinvestigation 20 is
4 in 7 cohort
5 a 7 cohort
6 larger 7 cohort
7 cohort 8 similar
8 similar 9 to
8 similar 14 as
9 to 10 this
11 , 14 as
12 as 13 well
13 well 14 as
14 as 18 analysis
14 as 19 ,
15 a 16 meta
15 a 18 analysis
16 meta 17 -
16 meta 18 analysis
20 is 21 important
21 important 22 to
21 important 23 confirm
22 to 23 confirm
23 confirm 25 results
24 these 25 results

previous studies suggest that dairy intake may be associated with reduced bone and muscle loss with aging , but there are limited data in the very old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 dairy
3 suggest 12 bone
4 that 5 dairy
5 dairy 6 intake
5 dairy 10 with
5 dairy 11 reduced
6 intake 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
13 and 15 loss
13 and 21 are
14 muscle 15 loss
15 loss 19 but
15 loss 21 are
16 with 17 aging
16 with 19 but
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 there
21 are 23 data
22 limited 23 data
23 data 24 in
24 in 27 old
25 the 26 very
25 the 27 old

assessments included dairy consumption ( milk , yogurt , and cheese ) by a validated food frequency questionnaire , 15 % tibia bone mass , area and volumetric bone mineral density ( vbmd ) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( pqct [ )(, and appendicular bone and skeletal muscle mass by dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 assessments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 assessments 2 included
2 included 4 consumption
2 included 13 by
2 included 35 by
3 dairy 4 consumption
4 consumption 6 milk
4 consumption 10 and
5 ( 6 milk
6 milk 7 ,
7 , 10 and
8 yogurt 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 cheese
10 and 12 )
13 by 27 and
14 a 18 questionnaire
15 validated 16 food
16 food 18 questionnaire
17 frequency 18 questionnaire
18 questionnaire 19 ,
19 , 24 mass
19 , 25 ,
20 15 21 %
21 % 24 mass
22 tibia 23 bone
23 bone 24 mass
25 , 26 area
25 , 27 and
27 and 31 density
27 and 33 vbmd
28 volumetric 30 mineral
29 bone 30 mineral
30 mineral 31 density
32 ( 33 vbmd
33 vbmd 34 )
35 by 39 tomography
36 peripheral 39 tomography
37 quantitative 39 tomography
38 computed 39 tomography
39 tomography 47 and
40 ( 47 and
41 pqct 44 and
43 )(, 44 and
44 and 46 bone
44 and 47 and
45 appendicular 46 bone
47 and 50 mass
47 and 51 by
47 and 61 )
48 skeletal 50 mass
49 muscle 50 mass
51 by 54 energy
52 dual 53 -
52 dual 54 energy
54 energy 55 x
54 energy 58 absorptiometry
56 - 58 absorptiometry
57 ray 58 absorptiometry
58 absorptiometry 60 dxa
58 absorptiometry 61 )
59 ( 60 dxa
60 dxa 61 )

women were categorized according to tertiles of dairy intake : first tertile ( ≤ 1.5 servings/d ) , second tertile ( 1.5 to 2.2 servings/d [ )(and third tertile ( ≥ 2.2 servings/d ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 women 2 were
2 were 3 categorized
3 categorized 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 6 tertiles
6 tertiles 7 of
7 of 9 intake
8 dairy 9 intake
10 : 12 tertile
11 first 12 tertile
12 tertile 16 servings/d
12 tertile 20 tertile
13 ( 16 servings/d
14 ≤ 16 servings/d
15 1.5 16 servings/d
16 servings/d 17 )
18 , 20 tertile
19 second 20 tertile
20 tertile 22 1.5
20 tertile 34 )
21 ( 22 1.5
22 1.5 23 to
22 1.5 34 )
23 to 27 )(and
24 2.2 25 servings/d
25 servings/d 27 )(and
27 )(and 29 tertile
27 )(and 33 servings/d
28 third 29 tertile
30 ( 33 servings/d
31 ≥ 33 servings/d
32 2.2 33 servings/d
33 servings/d 34 )

controlling for confounding factors , pqct assessment at the 15 % tibia showed that compared with those in the first tertile of dairy intake [,] women in the third tertile had 5.7 % greater total bone mass ( p = 0.005 [ )(, [principally] because of an increase [in] cortical and subcortical bone mass ( 5.9 % , p = 0.050 ) , resulting in a 6.2 % increase in total vbmd ( p = 0.013 [ )( 
1 controlling 2 for
1 controlling 4 factors
1 controlling 5 ,
1 controlling 6 pqct
2 for 3 confounding
6 pqct 7 assessment
6 pqct 13 showed
6 pqct 15 compared
7 assessment 8 at
7 assessment 13 showed
8 at 12 tibia
9 the 12 tibia
10 15 11 %
11 % 12 tibia
13 showed 14 that
15 compared 16 with
15 compared 18 in
16 with 17 those
18 in 21 tertile
19 the 21 tertile
20 first 21 tertile
21 tertile 22 of
22 of 26 women
23 dairy 24 intake
24 intake 26 women
26 women 27 in
26 women 30 tertile
26 women 37 mass
27 in 29 third
28 the 29 third
30 tertile 31 had
31 had 36 bone
31 had 37 mass
32 5.7 33 %
33 % 36 bone
34 greater 36 bone
35 total 36 bone
37 mass 40 =
37 mass 46 of
38 ( 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.005
40 = 43 )(,
45 because 46 of
46 of 54 mass
47 an 54 mass
48 increase 53 bone
50 cortical 51 and
51 and 52 subcortical
51 and 53 bone
53 bone 54 mass
54 mass 57 %
54 mass 60 =
54 mass 64 resulting
55 ( 57 %
56 5.9 57 %
57 % 58 ,
59 p 60 =
60 = 61 0.050
60 = 62 )
63 , 64 resulting
64 resulting 65 in
64 resulting 70 in
65 in 69 increase
66 a 69 increase
67 6.2 68 %
68 % 69 increase
70 in 72 vbmd
71 total 72 vbmd
72 vbmd 75 =
73 ( 75 =
74 p 75 =
75 = 76 0.013
75 = 78 )(

trabecular but not cortical and subcortical vbmd was also higher ( 7.8 % , p = 0.044 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 trabecular 2 but
1 trabecular 5 and
2 but 3 not
3 not 4 cortical
5 and 6 subcortical
5 and 7 vbmd
5 and 8 was
5 and 13 %
5 and 16 =
7 vbmd 8 was
8 was 9 also
8 was 10 higher
11 ( 13 %
12 7.8 13 %
13 % 14 ,
14 , 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 17 0.044
16 = 18 )

dxa assessment showed that women in the third tertile [of] dairy intake [had] greater appendicular bone mass ( 7.1 % , p = 0.007 ) and skeletal muscle mass ( 3.3 % , p = 0.014 ) compared with tertile 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 dxa 2 assessment
2 assessment 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 26 and
4 that 38 compared
5 women 6 in
5 women 26 and
6 in 17 mass
7 the 8 third
7 the 17 mass
9 tertile 11 dairy
11 dairy 17 mass
12 intake 17 mass
14 greater 16 bone
15 appendicular 16 bone
16 bone 17 mass
17 mass 20 %
17 mass 23 =
18 ( 20 %
19 7.1 20 %
20 % 21 ,
21 , 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.007
23 = 25 )
26 and 29 mass
26 and 32 %
26 and 35 =
26 and 38 compared
27 skeletal 28 muscle
28 muscle 29 mass
30 ( 32 %
31 3.3 32 %
32 % 33 ,
33 , 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 0.014
35 = 37 )
38 compared 39 with
39 with 40 tertile
40 tertile 41 1

the associations with bone measures were dependent on dairy protein and calcium intakes , whereas the association with appendicular muscle [mass] was not totally dependent on dairy protein intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 with
2 associations 6 were
3 with 5 measures
4 bone 5 measures
6 were 7 dependent
7 dependent 8 on
7 dependent 15 whereas
8 on 11 and
9 dairy 10 protein
10 protein 11 and
11 and 13 intakes
12 calcium 13 intakes
14 , 15 whereas
15 whereas 17 association
15 whereas 22 was
15 whereas 30 .
16 the 17 association
17 association 18 with
17 association 22 was
18 with 20 muscle
19 appendicular 20 muscle
22 was 23 not
22 was 25 dependent
24 totally 25 dependent
25 dependent 26 on
26 on 29 intake
27 dairy 29 intake
28 protein 29 intake

our results suggest a positive association of dairy intake with appendicular bone mineralization and muscle mass in elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 association
3 suggest 10 with
3 suggest 17 in
4 a 5 positive
4 a 6 association
5 positive 6 association
6 association 7 of
7 of 9 intake
8 dairy 9 intake
10 with 14 and
11 appendicular 12 bone
12 bone 13 mineralization
13 mineralization 14 and
14 and 16 mass
15 muscle 16 mass
17 in 19 women
18 elderly 19 women

because many fractures in this age group are of the appendicular skeleton often associated [with] [falls] , dairy intake may be a modifiable lifestyle factor contributing to healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 because 3 fractures
1 because 8 are
1 because 19 intake
2 many 3 fractures
3 fractures 4 in
3 fractures 8 are
4 in 7 group
5 this 7 group
6 age 7 group
8 are 9 of
9 of 12 skeleton
10 the 12 skeleton
11 appendicular 12 skeleton
13 often 14 associated
14 associated 17 ,
14 associated 19 intake
18 dairy 19 intake
19 intake 20 may
20 may 21 be
21 be 25 factor
22 a 23 modifiable
22 a 25 factor
23 modifiable 24 lifestyle
24 lifestyle 25 factor
25 factor 26 contributing
26 contributing 27 to
27 to 29 aging
28 healthy 29 aging

skeletal muscle can synthesize testosterone and 5α - dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) from dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) via steroidogenic enzymes in vitro , but hormone levels and steroidogenic enzyme expression decline with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 skeletal 2 muscle
2 muscle 3 can
3 can 4 synthesize
4 synthesize 6 and
4 synthesize 13 from
4 synthesize 18 via
4 synthesize 22 vitro
5 testosterone 6 and
6 and 9 dihydrotestosterone
6 and 11 dht
7 5α 8 -
7 5α 9 dihydrotestosterone
10 ( 11 dht
11 dht 12 )
13 from 14 dehydroepiandrosterone
14 dehydroepiandrosterone 16 dhea
15 ( 16 dhea
16 dhea 17 )
18 via 20 enzymes
19 steroidogenic 20 enzymes
21 in 22 vitro
23 , 24 but
24 but 27 and
24 but 31 decline
25 hormone 26 levels
26 levels 27 and
27 and 30 expression
27 and 31 decline
28 steroidogenic 30 expression
29 enzyme 30 expression
31 decline 32 with
32 with 33 aging

resistance exercise has been shown to increase in plasma sex steroid hormone levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 resistance 2 exercise
2 exercise 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 shown
5 shown 6 to
6 to 7 increase
7 increase 8 in
8 in 13 levels
9 plasma 13 levels
10 sex 13 levels
11 steroid 13 levels
12 hormone 13 levels

however , it remains unclear whether resistance training can restore impaired steroidogenic enzyme expressions in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 remains
4 remains 5 unclear
5 unclear 6 whether
6 whether 8 training
6 whether 10 restore
7 resistance 8 training
8 training 9 can
9 can 10 restore
10 restore 14 expressions
10 restore 15 in
11 impaired 13 enzyme
12 steroidogenic 13 enzyme
13 enzyme 14 expressions
15 in 17 individuals
16 older 17 individuals

six young and 13 older men were recruited , and muscle [biopsies] were taken from the vastus lateralis [at] basal state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 six
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 six 3 and
1 six 10 and
1 six 13 were
2 young 3 and
3 and 6 men
3 and 10 and
4 13 6 men
5 older 6 men
7 were 8 recruited
7 were 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 muscle
13 were 14 taken
14 taken 15 from
15 from 21 state
16 the 21 state
17 vastus 21 state
18 lateralis 21 state
20 basal 21 state

the same group of older subjects underwent resistance training involving knee extension and flexion exercises for 12 wk , and post - training biopsies were performed 4 - 5 d after the last exercise session . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 3 group
3 group 4 of
3 group 6 subjects
4 of 6 subjects
5 older 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 underwent
7 underwent 9 training
8 resistance 9 training
9 training 10 involving
10 involving 12 extension
11 knee 12 extension
13 and 14 flexion
13 and 26 performed
14 flexion 20 and
14 flexion 25 were
14 flexion 26 performed
15 exercises 16 for
15 exercises 20 and
16 for 18 wk
17 12 18 wk
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 post
20 and 22 -
20 and 23 training
20 and 24 biopsies
20 and 25 were
23 training 24 biopsies
26 performed 28 -
26 performed 31 after
27 4 28 -
28 - 29 5
29 5 30 d
30 d 31 after
31 after 35 session
32 the 35 session
33 last 34 exercise
34 exercise 35 session

muscular sex steroid hormone levels and sex steroidgenesis - related enzyme expressions were significantly lower in older subjects than younger ones at baseline , but 12 wk of resistance training significantly restored hormone levels ( dhea : 432±26 at baseline , 682±31 [pg/μg] protein , dht : 6.2±0.9 at baseline , 9.8±1.4 [pg/μg] protein ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 muscular 4 hormone
2 sex 4 hormone
3 steroid 4 hormone
4 hormone 5 levels
5 levels 6 and
6 and 8 steroidgenesis
6 and 9 -
7 sex 8 steroidgenesis
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 enzyme
10 related 24 ,
11 enzyme 12 expressions
11 enzyme 15 lower
12 expressions 13 were
13 were 15 lower
14 significantly 15 lower
15 lower 16 in
15 lower 19 than
16 in 18 subjects
17 older 18 subjects
19 than 21 ones
19 than 22 at
20 younger 21 ones
22 at 23 baseline
24 , 30 training
24 , 32 restored
24 , 37 :
25 but 27 wk
25 but 30 training
26 12 27 wk
27 wk 28 of
28 of 29 resistance
30 training 32 restored
31 significantly 32 restored
32 restored 34 levels
33 hormone 34 levels
34 levels 36 dhea
35 ( 36 dhea
36 dhea 37 :
37 : 38 432±26
37 : 47 :
38 432±26 39 at
38 432±26 47 :
39 at 40 baseline
40 baseline 44 protein
41 , 44 protein
42 682±31 44 protein
44 protein 45 ,
46 dht 47 :
47 : 48 6.2±0.9
48 6.2±0.9 49 at
49 at 50 baseline
50 baseline 54 protein
51 , 54 protein
52 9.8±1.4 54 protein
54 protein 55 )

furthermore , the steroidogenesis - related enzymes such as 3β - hydroxysteroid [dehydrogenase] ( hsd ) , 17β - hsd , and 5α - reductase expressions were significantly restored by resistance training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 steroidogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 17β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 steroidogenesis
3 the 4 steroidogenesis
4 steroidogenesis 18 17β
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 enzymes
6 related 18 17β
7 enzymes 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 10 3β
10 3β 12 hydroxysteroid
11 - 12 hydroxysteroid
12 hydroxysteroid 15 hsd
12 hydroxysteroid 17 ,
14 ( 15 hsd
15 hsd 16 )
19 - 22 and
19 - 29 restored
20 hsd 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 26 expressions
22 and 27 were
23 5α 24 -
23 5α 25 reductase
25 reductase 26 expressions
27 were 29 restored
28 significantly 29 restored
29 restored 30 by
30 by 32 training
31 resistance 32 training

we conclude progressive resistance training restores age - related declines in sex steroidogenic enzyme and muscle sex steroid hormone levels in older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 5 training
2 conclude 6 restores
3 progressive 4 resistance
4 resistance 5 training
5 training 6 restores
6 restores 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 declines
10 declines 11 in
10 declines 15 and
10 declines 17 sex
11 in 12 sex
13 steroidogenic 14 enzyme
14 enzyme 15 and
15 and 16 muscle
15 and 17 sex
17 sex 20 levels
17 sex 21 in
18 steroid 20 levels
19 hormone 20 levels
21 in 23 men
22 older 23 men

we compared the effect of age - and sex - related differences in haemodynamics , blood volume ( bv ) and left [ventricular] ( lv ) size and mass on resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( msna ) in healthy , normotensive adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 we 8 and
2 compared 4 effect
2 compared 8 and
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
5 of 6 age
7 - 8 and
8 and 9 sex
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 differences
11 related 20 )
12 differences 13 in
13 in 14 haemodynamics
14 haemodynamics 17 volume
15 , 17 volume
16 blood 17 volume
17 volume 19 bv
17 volume 20 )
18 ( 19 bv
19 bv 20 )
21 and 28 and
21 and 32 muscle
22 left 25 lv
22 left 27 size
24 ( 25 lv
25 lv 26 )
27 size 28 and
28 and 29 mass
28 and 30 on
28 and 32 muscle
30 on 31 resting
32 muscle 35 activity
32 muscle 39 in
33 sympathetic 34 nerve
34 nerve 35 activity
35 activity 37 msna
36 ( 37 msna
37 msna 38 )
39 in 43 adults
40 healthy 41 ,
40 healthy 43 adults
42 normotensive 43 adults

twenty young men ( 19 - 47 years old [ )(and 20 young women ( 21 - 46 years old ) [as] well as 15 older men ( 62 - 80 years old ) and 15 older women ( 60 - 82 years old ) were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 twenty 3 men
2 young 3 men
3 men 6 -
3 men 46 were
4 ( 6 -
5 19 6 -
6 - 35 and
6 - 45 )
7 47 8 years
8 years 11 )(and
8 years 23 well
8 years 24 as
8 years 35 and
9 old 11 )(and
11 )(and 14 women
11 )(and 20 old
11 )(and 23 well
12 20 14 women
13 young 14 women
15 ( 20 old
16 21 17 -
17 - 18 46
17 - 19 years
19 years 20 old
20 old 21 )
24 as 27 men
25 15 27 men
26 older 27 men
27 men 29 62
28 ( 29 62
29 62 33 old
29 62 34 )
30 - 31 80
31 80 32 years
32 years 33 old
35 and 38 women
35 and 40 60
35 and 44 old
36 15 38 women
37 older 38 women
39 ( 40 60
40 60 41 -
41 - 44 old
42 82 43 years
43 years 44 old
44 old 45 )
46 were 47 studied

cardiac [output] ( acetylene rebreathing [ )(, total peripheral resistance , forearm vascular resistance ( fvr [;] venous occlusion plethysmography ) and msna were measured during supine rest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 cardiac 4 acetylene
1 cardiac 22 and
3 ( 4 acetylene
4 acetylene 5 rebreathing
4 acetylene 10 resistance
4 acetylene 21 )
7 )(, 10 resistance
8 total 10 resistance
9 peripheral 10 resistance
10 resistance 14 resistance
10 resistance 21 )
11 , 14 resistance
12 forearm 14 resistance
13 vascular 14 resistance
14 resistance 20 plethysmography
14 resistance 21 )
15 ( 20 plethysmography
16 fvr 20 plethysmography
18 venous 19 occlusion
19 occlusion 20 plethysmography
20 plethysmography 21 )
22 and 23 msna
22 and 24 were
24 were 25 measured
25 measured 26 during
26 during 28 rest
27 supine 28 rest

blood volume [was] calculated ( co rebreathing ) , [and] [lv] mass , end - diastolic ( lvedv [ )(and end - systolic volumes ( lvesv ) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 blood 2 volume
1 blood 9 ,
2 volume 4 calculated
2 volume 6 co
5 ( 6 co
6 co 7 rebreathing
6 co 8 )
9 , 13 ,
12 mass 13 ,
13 , 14 end
15 - 24 volumes
15 - 28 were
16 diastolic 20 )(and
16 diastolic 22 -
16 diastolic 24 volumes
17 ( 20 )(and
18 lvedv 20 )(and
20 )(and 21 end
20 )(and 22 -
23 systolic 24 volumes
24 volumes 26 lvesv
24 volumes 28 were
25 ( 26 lvesv
26 lvesv 27 )
28 were 29 measured
29 measured 30 using
30 using 33 imaging
31 magnetic 32 resonance
32 resonance 33 imaging

cardiac index [(] p < 0.001 [and] p = 0.016 ) , bv [(] both p < 0.001 [ )(, [lv] mass ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 [ )( lvedv ( p < 0.001 [and] p = 0.002 [ )( lvesv ( [both] p < 0.001 ) were lower in the older [and] female groups , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 cardiac 2 index
2 index 4 p
2 index 5 <
5 < 6 0.001
6 0.001 9 =
8 p 9 =
9 = 10 0.016
9 = 11 )
12 , 15 both
12 , 17 <
12 , 20 )(,
13 bv 15 both
15 both 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.001
20 )(, 22 mass
20 )(, 27 and
22 mass 25 <
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.001
27 and 28 p
27 and 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 33 lvedv
30 0.002 33 lvedv
33 lvedv 36 <
33 lvedv 40 =
34 ( 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 37 0.001
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.002
41 0.002 44 lvesv
41 0.002 51 were
44 lvesv 48 <
44 lvesv 51 were
45 ( 48 <
47 p 48 <
48 < 49 0.001
48 < 50 )
51 were 52 lower
51 were 53 in
51 were 60 respectively
53 in 58 groups
54 the 58 groups
55 older 57 female
57 female 58 groups
59 , 60 respectively
60 respectively 61 .

total peripheral resistance was significantly higher [in] [the] older ( p < 0.001 ) and female groups ( p = 0.014 ) , but fvr [was] increased in the female groups ( p = 0.048 ) only ( age , p = 0.089 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resistance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 )(
1 total 3 resistance
2 peripheral 3 resistance
3 resistance 4 was
4 was 6 higher
4 was 9 older
5 significantly 6 higher
9 older 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.001
12 < 14 )
15 and 17 groups
15 and 42 =
16 female 17 groups
17 groups 20 =
17 groups 24 but
17 groups 42 =
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.014
20 = 22 )
23 , 24 but
24 but 25 fvr
24 but 40 ,
25 fvr 27 increased
25 fvr 39 age
27 increased 28 in
27 increased 37 only
28 in 31 groups
29 the 31 groups
30 female 31 groups
31 groups 34 =
32 ( 34 =
33 p 34 =
34 = 35 0.048
34 = 36 )
38 ( 39 age
39 age 40 ,
41 p 42 =
42 = 43 0.089

the msna was greater in the older groups ( p < 0.001 ) [only] ( sex , p = 0.228 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 msna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 msna
2 msna 3 was
3 was 4 greater
4 greater 5 in
5 in 8 groups
6 the 8 groups
7 older 8 groups
8 groups 11 <
8 groups 16 sex
8 groups 19 =
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.001
11 < 13 )
15 ( 16 sex
16 sex 17 ,
17 , 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.228
19 = 21 )

increased msna was shown to correlate with a decrease in bv ( p = 0.004 ) in men only when adjusted for age ( women , p = 0.133 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 msna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 increased 2 msna
2 msna 3 was
3 was 4 shown
4 shown 5 to
4 shown 20 when
4 shown 28 =
5 to 6 correlate
6 correlate 7 with
6 correlate 10 in
6 correlate 17 in
6 correlate 19 only
7 with 9 decrease
8 a 9 decrease
10 in 11 bv
11 bv 14 =
12 ( 14 =
13 p 14 =
14 = 15 0.004
14 = 16 )
17 in 18 men
20 when 21 adjusted
21 adjusted 22 for
22 for 23 age
23 age 25 women
24 ( 25 women
25 women 26 ,
26 , 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.133
28 = 30 )

there was a positive relation between msna and fvr ( p = 0.020 ) in men but not women ( p = 0.422 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 relation
3 a 4 positive
3 a 5 relation
4 positive 5 relation
5 relation 6 between
5 relation 15 in
6 between 8 and
7 msna 8 and
8 and 9 fvr
8 and 12 =
10 ( 12 =
11 p 12 =
12 = 13 0.020
12 = 14 )
15 in 16 men
16 men 17 but
17 but 18 not
17 but 19 women
19 women 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.422
22 = 24 )

there were no significant relations between msna and [lv] mass , lvedv or lvesv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 relations
3 no 5 relations
4 significant 5 relations
5 relations 6 between
6 between 13 or
7 msna 8 and
8 and 10 mass
8 and 11 ,
11 , 12 lvedv
11 , 13 or
13 or 14 lvesv

the findings suggest that the increase in resting msna with age may be related to the decline in bv in men only , but it is unknown whether sex differences in sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstriction occur independently of these changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 increase
4 that 14 related
5 the 6 increase
6 increase 7 in
6 increase 9 msna
6 increase 13 be
6 increase 14 related
7 in 8 resting
9 msna 10 with
9 msna 12 may
10 with 11 age
12 may 13 be
14 related 15 to
14 related 18 in
14 related 20 in
14 related 22 only
15 to 17 decline
16 the 17 decline
18 in 19 bv
20 in 21 men
23 , 24 but
24 but 25 it
24 but 26 is
25 it 26 is
26 is 27 unknown
27 unknown 28 whether
28 whether 30 differences
28 whether 35 occur
29 sex 30 differences
30 differences 31 in
30 differences 35 occur
31 in 34 vasoconstriction
32 sympathetic 34 vasoconstriction
33 adrenergic 34 vasoconstriction
35 occur 36 independently
36 independently 37 of
37 of 39 changes
38 these 39 changes

autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder , with a known impact on quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 autism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 autism 2 is
2 is 6 disorder
3 a 4 lifelong
3 a 6 disorder
4 lifelong 6 disorder
5 neurodevelopmental 6 disorder
6 disorder 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 11 impact
8 with 16 .
9 a 11 impact
10 known 11 impact
11 impact 12 on
12 on 13 quality
13 quality 14 of
14 of 15 life

yet the developmental trajectory of quality of life is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 yet 4 trajectory
2 the 4 trajectory
3 developmental 4 trajectory
4 trajectory 5 of
4 trajectory 9 is
5 of 6 quality
6 quality 7 of
7 of 8 life
9 is 10 not
9 is 11 well
11 well 12 understood

first , the effect of age on quality of life was studied with a meta - analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 11 was
5 of 6 age
6 age 7 on
7 on 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 10 life
11 was 12 studied
12 studied 13 with
13 with 17 analysis
14 a 15 meta
14 a 17 analysis
15 meta 16 -
15 meta 17 analysis

our meta - analysis included 10 studies ( published between 2004 and 2012 ) with a combined sample size of 486 people with autism and 17,776 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 4 analysis
2 meta 3 -
2 meta 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 included
5 included 7 studies
5 included 9 published
5 included 15 with
5 included 23 with
6 10 7 studies
8 ( 9 published
9 published 10 between
9 published 14 )
10 between 12 and
11 2004 12 and
12 and 13 2012
15 with 19 size
16 a 19 size
17 combined 18 sample
18 sample 19 size
19 size 20 of
20 of 22 people
21 486 22 people
23 with 25 and
24 autism 25 and
25 and 27 controls
26 17,776 27 controls

second , as there were no studies on quality of life of the elderly with autism , we conducted an empirical study on quality of life of the elderly ( age range 53 - 83 ) with autism ( n = 24 ) and without autism ( n = 24 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 second 18 we
2 , 3 as
3 as 4 there
3 as 5 were
3 as 17 ,
3 as 18 we
4 there 5 were
5 were 7 studies
6 no 7 studies
7 studies 8 on
7 studies 10 of
7 studies 15 with
8 on 9 quality
10 of 11 life
11 life 12 of
12 of 14 elderly
13 the 14 elderly
15 with 16 autism
18 we 19 conducted
19 conducted 22 study
19 conducted 23 on
19 conducted 44 and
19 conducted 49 =
20 an 21 empirical
20 an 22 study
21 empirical 22 study
23 on 24 quality
24 quality 25 of
24 quality 32 range
25 of 26 life
26 life 27 of
27 of 29 elderly
28 the 29 elderly
30 ( 32 range
31 age 32 range
32 range 34 -
32 range 36 )
33 53 34 -
34 - 35 83
37 with 38 autism
37 with 44 and
38 autism 41 =
39 ( 41 =
40 n 41 =
41 = 42 24
41 = 43 )
44 and 45 without
45 without 46 autism
47 ( 49 =
48 n 49 =
49 = 50 24
49 = 51 )

the meta - analysis showed that quality of life is lower for people with autism compared to people without autism , and that the mean effect is large ( cohen 's d = - 0.96 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 4 analysis
2 meta 3 -
2 meta 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 7 quality
6 that 10 is
7 quality 8 of
7 quality 10 is
8 of 9 life
10 is 11 lower
10 is 12 for
10 is 14 with
12 for 13 people
14 with 22 and
14 with 28 large
15 autism 16 compared
15 autism 19 without
15 autism 22 and
16 compared 17 to
17 to 18 people
19 without 20 autism
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 that
22 and 26 effect
22 and 27 is
24 the 26 effect
25 mean 26 effect
26 effect 27 is
28 large 34 -
29 ( 34 -
30 cohen 31 's
31 's 33 =
32 d 33 =
33 = 34 -
34 - 35 0.96
34 - 36 )

age did not have an effect on quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 age 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 have
4 have 6 effect
4 have 7 on
5 an 6 effect
7 on 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 10 life

the study concerning the elderly with autism showed that the difference in quality of life is similar in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 concerning
2 study 8 showed
3 concerning 5 elderly
3 concerning 6 with
4 the 5 elderly
6 with 7 autism
8 showed 9 that
9 that 11 difference
9 that 16 is
10 the 11 difference
11 difference 12 in
11 difference 16 is
12 in 13 quality
13 quality 14 of
14 of 15 life
16 is 17 similar
17 similar 18 in
18 in 20 elderly
19 the 20 elderly

age , iq and symptom severity did not predict quality of life in this sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 iq
2 , 4 and
4 and 6 severity
4 and 7 did
5 symptom 6 severity
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 predict
9 predict 10 quality
9 predict 13 in
10 quality 11 of
11 of 12 life
13 in 15 sample
14 this 15 sample

across the lifespan , people with autism experience a much lower quality of life compared to people without autism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 across 3 lifespan
1 across 4 ,
1 across 5 people
2 the 3 lifespan
5 people 6 with
5 people 8 experience
6 with 7 autism
8 experience 12 quality
9 a 10 much
9 a 12 quality
10 much 11 lower
11 lower 12 quality
12 quality 13 of
12 quality 15 compared
13 of 14 life
15 compared 16 to
15 compared 18 without
16 to 17 people
18 without 19 autism

hence , the quality of life seemed to be [independent] of someone 's age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seemed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 4 quality
3 the 4 quality
4 quality 5 of
4 quality 7 seemed
5 of 6 life
7 seemed 8 to
7 seemed 9 be
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 of
11 of 14 age
12 someone 13 's
13 's 14 age

the current study demonstrates the first surface modification for poly ( dimethylsiloxane ) ( pdms ) microfluidic networks that displays a long shelf life as well [as] extended hemocompatibility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 extended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 demonstrates
4 demonstrates 8 modification
4 demonstrates 9 for
5 the 6 first
5 the 8 modification
7 surface 8 modification
9 for 18 networks
10 poly 18 networks
11 ( 12 dimethylsiloxane
12 dimethylsiloxane 13 )
12 dimethylsiloxane 18 networks
14 ( 15 pdms
15 pdms 16 )
15 pdms 18 networks
17 microfluidic 18 networks
18 networks 19 that
18 networks 20 displays
18 networks 28 extended
19 that 20 displays
20 displays 24 life
20 displays 26 well
21 a 24 life
22 long 23 shelf
23 shelf 24 life
25 as 26 well
28 extended 29 hemocompatibility

uncoated pdms microchannel networks rapidly adsorb high levels of fibrinogen in blood contacting applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 adsorb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 uncoated 4 networks
2 pdms 4 networks
3 microchannel 4 networks
4 networks 6 adsorb
5 rapidly 6 adsorb
6 adsorb 8 levels
6 adsorb 11 in
7 high 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 10 fibrinogen
11 in 12 blood
12 blood 13 contacting
13 contacting 14 applications

fibrinogen adsorption initiates platelet activation , and causes a rapid increase in pressure across microchannel networks , rendering them useless for long term applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adsorption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 fibrinogen 2 adsorption
2 adsorption 7 and
3 initiates 5 activation
3 initiates 7 and
4 platelet 5 activation
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 causes
7 and 12 in
7 and 14 across
8 causes 11 increase
9 a 10 rapid
9 a 11 increase
10 rapid 11 increase
12 in 13 pressure
14 across 16 networks
15 microchannel 16 networks
16 networks 18 rendering
17 , 18 rendering
18 rendering 19 them
18 rendering 20 useless
18 rendering 25 .
20 useless 21 for
21 for 24 applications
22 long 23 term
23 term 24 applications

here , we describe the modification of sealed pdms microchannels using an oxygen plasma pretreatment [and] poly ( ethylene glycol ) [grafting] approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 6 modification
5 the 6 modification
6 modification 7 of
7 of 9 pdms
8 sealed 9 pdms
9 pdms 10 microchannels
9 pdms 23 approach
10 microchannels 11 using
10 microchannels 20 glycol
10 microchannels 23 approach
11 using 15 pretreatment
11 using 17 poly
12 an 13 oxygen
12 an 15 pretreatment
13 oxygen 15 pretreatment
14 plasma 15 pretreatment
18 ( 20 glycol
19 ethylene 20 glycol
20 glycol 21 )

we present results regarding the testing of the coated microchannels after extended periods of aging and blood exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 16 and
2 present 3 results
2 present 11 after
2 present 16 and
3 results 4 regarding
4 regarding 6 testing
5 the 6 testing
6 testing 7 of
7 of 10 microchannels
8 the 10 microchannels
9 coated 10 microchannels
11 after 13 periods
12 extended 13 periods
13 periods 14 of
14 of 15 aging
16 and 17 blood
16 and 18 exposure

our peg - grafted channels showed significantly reduced fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion up to 28 days after application , highlighting the stability and functionality of the coating over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 peg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 our 2 peg
3 - 5 channels
3 - 6 showed
4 grafted 5 channels
5 channels 6 showed
6 showed 10 adsorption
6 showed 11 and
6 showed 18 after
6 showed 21 highlighting
7 significantly 8 reduced
8 reduced 10 adsorption
9 fibrinogen 10 adsorption
11 and 13 adhesion
12 platelet 13 adhesion
13 adhesion 14 up
14 up 15 to
15 to 17 days
16 28 17 days
18 after 19 application
20 , 21 highlighting
21 highlighting 24 and
21 highlighting 29 over
21 highlighting 31 .
22 the 24 and
23 stability 24 and
24 and 25 functionality
24 and 26 of
26 of 28 coating
27 the 28 coating
29 over 30 time

our coated microchannel networks also displayed a significant reduction in the coagulation response under whole blood flow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 our 4 networks
2 coated 4 networks
3 microchannel 4 networks
4 networks 6 displayed
5 also 6 displayed
6 displayed 9 reduction
6 displayed 10 in
6 displayed 14 under
7 a 8 significant
7 a 9 reduction
8 significant 9 reduction
10 in 13 response
11 the 13 response
12 coagulation 13 response
14 under 17 flow
15 whole 16 blood
16 blood 17 flow

further , pressure across coated microchannel networks took over 16 times longer to double than the uncoated controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 took
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 pressure
3 pressure 4 across
3 pressure 8 took
4 across 7 networks
5 coated 7 networks
6 microchannel 7 networks
8 took 11 times
9 over 10 16
10 16 11 times
11 times 12 longer
12 longer 13 to
12 longer 15 than
13 to 14 double
15 than 18 controls
16 the 18 controls
17 uncoated 18 controls

collectively , our data implies the potential for a coating platform for microfluidic devices in [many] blood - contacting applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 implies
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 implies
5 implies 7 potential
5 implies 15 in
6 the 7 potential
7 potential 8 for
7 potential 12 for
8 for 11 platform
9 a 11 platform
10 coating 11 platform
12 for 14 devices
13 microfluidic 14 devices
15 in 17 blood
17 blood 19 contacting
18 - 19 contacting
19 contacting 20 applications
19 contacting 21 .

background : senile entropion is [a] common pathology of the aging lid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 entropion
2 : 5 is
2 : 13 .
3 senile 4 entropion
4 entropion 5 is
5 is 8 pathology
7 common 8 pathology
8 pathology 9 of
9 of 12 lid
10 the 12 lid
11 aging 12 lid

chronic irritation of the conjunctiva [and/or] cornea is bothersome to the patients and may cause severe complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 irritation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 chronic 2 irritation
2 irritation 3 of
2 irritation 13 and
3 of 7 cornea
4 the 7 cornea
5 conjunctiva 7 cornea
8 is 9 bothersome
8 is 13 and
9 bothersome 10 to
10 to 12 patients
11 the 12 patients
13 and 14 may
14 may 15 cause
15 cause 17 complications
16 severe 17 complications

surgical intervention is typically required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 surgical 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 is
3 is 5 required
4 typically 5 required

we present data from a postoperative telephone interview of 38 patients undergoing 43 entropion repairs , which were performed as transverse blepharotomy according to wies in the modification of collin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 3 data
3 data 4 from
3 data 9 of
4 from 8 interview
5 a 8 interview
6 postoperative 8 interview
7 telephone 8 interview
9 of 11 patients
10 38 11 patients
11 patients 12 undergoing
12 undergoing 15 repairs
13 43 15 repairs
14 entropion 15 repairs
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 were
17 which 18 were
18 were 22 blepharotomy
18 were 24 to
18 were 26 in
19 performed 22 blepharotomy
20 as 21 transverse
21 transverse 22 blepharotomy
23 according 24 to
24 to 25 wies
26 in 28 modification
27 the 28 modification
28 modification 29 of
29 of 30 collin

patients and methods : in a retrospective study 43 surgeries were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 in
4 : 11 were
4 : 13 .
5 in 8 study
5 in 11 were
6 a 7 retrospective
6 a 8 study
7 retrospective 8 study
9 43 10 surgeries
10 surgeries 11 were
11 were 12 evaluated

mean follow - up time was 34 ( 6 - 96 ) months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 mean 2 follow
3 - 5 time
3 - 6 was
3 - 14 .
4 up 5 time
5 time 6 was
6 was 13 months
7 34 13 months
8 ( 10 -
9 6 10 -
10 - 11 96
10 - 12 )
10 - 13 months

patient satisfaction , complications and symptoms after surgery and frequency of repeated surgery were evaluated by sending a questionnaire [with] subsequent telephone survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 patient 2 satisfaction
2 satisfaction 3 ,
3 , 4 complications
3 , 5 and
5 and 6 symptoms
5 and 7 after
5 and 9 and
7 after 8 surgery
9 and 10 frequency
9 and 11 of
9 and 14 were
11 of 13 surgery
12 repeated 13 surgery
14 were 15 evaluated
15 evaluated 16 by
16 by 17 sending
17 sending 23 survey
18 a 23 survey
19 questionnaire 23 survey
21 subsequent 22 telephone
22 telephone 23 survey

results : the transverse blepharotomy was successful in 31 cases ( 91.2 % ) as a primary surgical intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 blepharotomy
2 : 6 was
2 : 20 .
3 the 5 blepharotomy
4 transverse 5 blepharotomy
5 blepharotomy 6 was
6 was 7 successful
7 successful 8 in
7 successful 15 as
8 in 10 cases
9 31 10 cases
10 cases 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 91.2 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 as 19 intervention
16 a 17 primary
16 a 19 intervention
17 primary 19 intervention
18 surgical 19 intervention

in recurrencies , a successful result was obtained in 8 lids ( 88.9 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 recurrencies
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 result
4 a 5 successful
4 a 6 result
5 successful 6 result
6 result 7 was
7 was 8 obtained
8 obtained 9 in
9 in 11 lids
10 8 11 lids
11 lids 14 %
12 ( 14 %
13 88.9 14 %
14 % 15 )

conclusion : although being a historically " old " surgical technique to treat involutional entropion , horizontal blepharotomy according to wies proved successful in the vast majority of our patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 proved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 although
3 although 19 according
4 being 11 technique
4 being 12 to
4 being 16 ,
4 being 19 according
5 a 6 historically
5 a 11 technique
6 historically 7 "
6 historically 8 old
8 old 9 "
8 old 11 technique
10 surgical 11 technique
12 to 13 treat
13 treat 15 entropion
14 involutional 15 entropion
17 horizontal 19 according
18 blepharotomy 19 according
19 according 20 to
19 according 22 proved
20 to 21 wies
22 proved 23 successful
23 successful 24 in
24 in 30 patients
25 the 27 majority
26 vast 27 majority
27 majority 28 of
27 majority 30 patients
28 of 30 patients
29 our 30 patients

the overall success rate in our series was 90.7 % and rose to 91.2 % in cases of primary surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 4 rate
2 overall 3 success
3 success 4 rate
4 rate 5 in
4 rate 11 and
5 in 7 series
6 our 7 series
8 was 10 %
8 was 11 and
9 90.7 10 %
11 and 12 rose
11 and 13 to
11 and 16 in
13 to 15 %
14 91.2 15 %
16 in 17 cases
17 cases 18 of
18 of 20 surgery
19 primary 20 surgery

even in recurrent disease , 88.9 % of surgeries resulted in sustained correction of the lid [malposition] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 even 2 in
1 even 5 ,
1 even 7 %
2 in 4 disease
3 recurrent 4 disease
6 88.9 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 10 resulted
8 of 9 surgeries
10 resulted 11 in
11 in 13 correction
12 sustained 13 correction
13 correction 14 of
14 of 16 lid
15 the 16 lid

the authors studied the nuclear magnetic resonance films and the expression of mmp - 1 and [timp] - 1 in disk specimens ' of patients who had undergone operations for lumbar disk herniation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 studied
3 studied 9 and
3 studied 30 for
4 the 8 films
5 nuclear 8 films
6 magnetic 7 resonance
7 resonance 8 films
8 films 9 and
9 and 11 expression
9 and 12 of
10 the 11 expression
12 of 13 mmp
13 mmp 16 and
13 mmp 20 in
13 mmp 24 of
14 - 15 1
15 1 16 and
16 and 19 1
18 - 19 1
20 in 23 '
21 disk 22 specimens
22 specimens 23 '
24 of 25 patients
25 patients 26 who
25 patients 27 had
26 who 27 had
27 had 28 undergone
28 undergone 29 operations
30 for 33 herniation
31 lumbar 33 herniation
32 disk 33 herniation

forty - one lumbar disk patients were evaluated imaging for degenerative changes and their disk specimens immunohistochemical expression of mmp - 1 and [timp] - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 forty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 - 5 disk
3 one 5 disk
4 lumbar 5 disk
5 disk 6 patients
5 disk 7 were
5 disk 8 evaluated
5 disk 9 imaging
5 disk 19 of
6 patients 7 were
9 imaging 10 for
9 imaging 18 expression
10 for 13 and
11 degenerative 12 changes
12 changes 13 and
13 and 16 specimens
14 their 16 specimens
15 disk 16 specimens
17 immunohistochemical 18 expression
19 of 20 mmp
20 mmp 23 and
21 - 22 1
22 1 23 and
23 and 26 1
25 - 26 1

the degree of degenerative changes was based on magnetic resonance imaging films . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 degree
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 degree
2 degree 3 of
2 degree 6 was
3 of 5 changes
4 degenerative 5 changes
6 was 7 based
7 based 8 on
8 on 10 resonance
9 magnetic 10 resonance
10 resonance 11 imaging
11 imaging 12 films

sections of disk immunostained [for] mmp - 1 and [timp] - 1 were evaluated semiquantitatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 sections 2 of
1 sections 13 were
2 of 6 mmp
3 disk 4 immunostained
4 immunostained 6 mmp
6 mmp 9 and
7 - 8 1
8 1 9 and
9 and 12 1
11 - 12 1
13 were 14 evaluated
14 evaluated 15 semiquantitatively

patients were categorized in three age groups : < 30 years , from 30 to 60 years , and >60 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 categorized
3 categorized 4 in
4 in 7 groups
5 three 7 groups
6 age 7 groups
8 : 19 and
9 < 10 30
10 30 11 years
11 years 12 ,
12 , 17 years
12 , 19 and
13 from 15 to
14 30 15 to
15 to 16 60
15 to 17 years
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 years
20 >60 21 years
21 years 22 of
22 of 23 age

the expressions of mmp - 1 and [timp] - 1 were related to patients ' age and degree of degenerative changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 expressions
2 expressions 3 of
2 expressions 11 were
3 of 4 mmp
4 mmp 7 and
5 - 6 1
6 1 7 and
7 and 10 1
9 - 10 1
11 were 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 17 and
14 patients 15 '
15 ' 16 age
16 age 17 and
17 and 18 degree
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 changes
20 degenerative 21 changes

there were statistical differences in the expression of mmp - 1 and timp - 1 between the age and degree of degenerative changes groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
3 statistical 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
5 in 7 expression
6 the 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
8 of 9 mmp
10 - 11 1
10 - 12 and
12 and 15 1
12 and 24 groups
13 timp 14 -
13 timp 15 1
15 1 16 between
15 1 21 of
15 1 24 groups
16 between 19 and
17 the 18 age
18 age 19 and
19 and 20 degree
21 of 23 changes
22 degenerative 23 changes

with the degree of degenerative changes , the expression of mmp - 1 and [timp] - 1 increased [obviously] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 with 6 changes
1 with 7 ,
1 with 9 expression
2 the 3 degree
3 degree 4 of
3 degree 6 changes
4 of 6 changes
5 degenerative 6 changes
8 the 9 expression
9 expression 10 of
9 expression 18 increased
10 of 11 mmp
11 mmp 14 and
12 - 13 1
13 1 14 and
14 and 17 1
16 - 17 1

but in old age group , the expression of mmp - 1/timp - 1 was higher than the young groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 but 2 in
1 but 5 group
2 in 4 age
3 old 4 age
5 group 11 -
6 , 11 -
7 the 8 expression
8 expression 9 of
8 expression 11 -
9 of 10 mmp
11 - 12 1/timp
11 - 13 -
13 - 14 1
13 - 15 was
13 - 21 .
14 1 15 was
15 was 16 higher
16 higher 17 than
17 than 20 groups
18 the 20 groups
19 young 20 groups

the expressions of mmp - 1 and [timp] - 1 were strongly correlated to the age and the degree of the degenerative changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 expressions
2 expressions 3 of
2 expressions 11 were
3 of 4 mmp
4 mmp 7 and
5 - 6 1
6 1 7 and
7 and 10 1
9 - 10 1
11 were 13 correlated
12 strongly 13 correlated
13 correlated 14 to
14 to 17 and
15 the 16 age
16 age 17 and
17 and 19 degree
17 and 20 of
18 the 19 degree
20 of 23 changes
21 the 23 changes
22 degenerative 23 changes

an important finding in this study is [the] [unbalance] of the expression of mmp - 1 and [timp] - 1 along with the growth of the age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 an 2 important
1 an 3 finding
2 important 3 finding
3 finding 4 in
3 finding 7 is
4 in 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 is 10 of
7 is 22 with
10 of 12 expression
11 the 12 expression
12 expression 13 of
13 of 14 mmp
14 mmp 17 and
15 - 16 1
16 1 17 and
17 and 20 1
19 - 20 1
21 along 22 with
22 with 24 growth
23 the 24 growth
24 growth 25 of
25 of 27 age
26 the 27 age

numerical and spatial representations are tightly linked , i.e . , when doing a binary classification judgment on arabic digits , participants are faster to respond with their left/right hand to small/large numbers , respectively [(] spatial - numerical association of response codes , snarc effect , dehaene et al . in [j] exp psychol [gen] 122:371 - 396 , 1993 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 numerical 2 and
2 and 3 spatial
2 and 4 representations
2 and 5 are
2 and 7 linked
4 representations 5 are
6 tightly 7 linked
7 linked 8 ,
7 linked 9 i.e
10 . 22 participants
11 , 12 when
12 when 13 doing
12 when 21 ,
12 when 22 participants
13 doing 17 judgment
14 a 17 judgment
15 binary 16 classification
16 classification 17 judgment
17 judgment 18 on
18 on 20 digits
19 arabic 20 digits
22 participants 23 are
23 are 24 faster
24 faster 25 to
24 faster 27 with
25 to 26 respond
27 with 30 hand
27 with 31 to
28 their 30 hand
29 left/right 30 hand
31 to 33 numbers
32 small/large 33 numbers
33 numbers 38 -
34 , 35 respectively
34 , 38 -
37 spatial 38 -
38 - 46 effect
39 numerical 46 effect
40 association 41 of
40 association 46 effect
41 of 45 snarc
42 response 43 codes
43 codes 45 snarc
44 , 45 snarc
46 effect 57 122:371
47 , 57 122:371
48 dehaene 50 al
49 et 50 al
50 al 51 .
50 al 52 in
50 al 55 psychol
52 in 54 exp
55 psychol 57 122:371
57 122:371 59 396
57 122:371 61 1993
57 122:371 63 .
58 - 59 396
59 396 60 ,
60 , 61 1993
61 1993 62 )

to understand the underlying mechanisms of the well - established snarc effect , it seems essential to explore the considerable [inter] - individual variability characterizing it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 understand
2 understand 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 underlying 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 of
5 mechanisms 12 effect
6 of 8 well
7 the 8 well
9 - 12 effect
10 established 12 effect
11 snarc 12 effect
12 effect 13 ,
13 , 14 it
13 , 15 seems
14 it 15 seems
15 seems 16 essential
16 essential 17 to
17 to 18 explore
18 explore 24 variability
19 the 24 variability
20 considerable 22 -
20 considerable 23 individual
23 individual 24 variability
24 variability 25 characterizing
25 characterizing 26 it

the present study assesses the respective roles of inhibition , age , working memory ( wm ) and response speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assesses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 assesses
4 assesses 18 and
4 assesses 20 speed
5 the 7 roles
6 respective 7 roles
7 roles 8 of
7 roles 18 and
8 of 9 inhibition
9 inhibition 11 age
9 inhibition 13 working
10 , 11 age
11 age 12 ,
12 , 13 working
13 working 14 memory
13 working 17 )
14 memory 16 wm
15 ( 16 wm
16 wm 17 )
18 and 19 response
18 and 20 speed

whereas these [non] - numerical factors have been proposed as potentially important factors to explain individual differences in snarc effects , none ( except response speed ) has so [far] been explored directly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 whereas 2 these
1 whereas 4 -
1 whereas 6 factors
5 numerical 6 factors
6 factors 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 proposed
9 proposed 10 as
9 proposed 14 to
10 as 13 factors
11 potentially 12 important
12 important 13 factors
14 to 15 explain
15 explain 17 differences
15 explain 18 in
16 individual 17 differences
18 in 20 effects
19 snarc 20 effects
21 , 22 none
21 , 32 explored
22 none 24 except
22 none 28 has
23 ( 24 except
24 except 26 speed
24 except 27 )
25 response 26 speed
28 has 31 been
29 so 31 been
31 been 32 explored
32 explored 33 directly

confirming our hypotheses , the results show that the snarc effect was stronger in participants that had weaker inhibition abilities ( as assessed by the stroop task ) , were relatively older and had longer response times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 confirming 3 hypotheses
1 confirming 29 ,
1 confirming 33 and
2 our 3 hypotheses
3 hypotheses 7 show
4 , 7 show
5 the 7 show
6 results 7 show
7 show 8 that
7 show 23 assessed
7 show 28 )
8 that 11 effect
8 that 17 had
9 the 11 effect
10 snarc 11 effect
11 effect 12 was
12 was 13 stronger
13 stronger 14 in
14 in 15 participants
16 that 17 had
17 had 20 abilities
17 had 22 as
18 weaker 19 inhibition
19 inhibition 20 abilities
21 ( 22 as
22 as 23 assessed
23 assessed 24 by
24 by 27 task
25 the 27 task
26 stroop 27 task
30 were 31 relatively
30 were 32 older
30 were 33 and
33 and 34 had
34 had 37 times
35 longer 36 response
36 response 37 times

interestingly , whereas a significant part of the age influence was mediated by cognitive inhibition , age also directly impacted the snarc effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 10 influence
3 whereas 9 age
3 whereas 10 influence
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 part
5 significant 6 part
6 part 7 of
6 part 9 age
7 of 9 age
8 the 9 age
10 influence 11 was
11 was 12 mediated
12 mediated 13 by
13 by 15 inhibition
14 cognitive 15 inhibition
16 , 17 age
16 , 20 impacted
17 age 20 impacted
18 also 20 impacted
19 directly 20 impacted
20 impacted 23 effect
21 the 23 effect
22 snarc 23 effect

similarly , cognitive inhibition abilities explained [inter] - individual variability [in] number - space associations over and above the factors age , wm capacity and response speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 abilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 5 abilities
3 cognitive 4 inhibition
4 inhibition 5 abilities
5 abilities 6 explained
8 - 12 number
8 - 13 -
9 individual 10 variability
10 variability 12 number
13 - 14 space
13 - 17 and
14 space 15 associations
14 space 16 over
17 and 25 and
17 and 27 speed
18 above 20 factors
18 above 25 and
19 the 20 factors
21 age 22 ,
22 , 24 capacity
22 , 25 and
23 wm 24 capacity
25 and 26 response
25 and 27 speed

[taken] together our results provide new insights into the nature of number [-] space associations by describing how these are influenced by the [non] [-] numerical factors age and inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 together 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 provide
5 provide 7 insights
5 provide 16 by
5 provide 22 by
6 new 7 insights
7 insights 8 into
7 insights 11 of
8 into 10 nature
9 the 10 nature
11 of 15 associations
12 number 14 space
14 space 15 associations
16 by 17 describing
17 describing 18 how
18 how 19 these
18 how 21 influenced
19 these 20 are
20 are 21 influenced
22 by 29 and
23 the 28 age
26 numerical 27 factors
27 factors 28 age
28 age 29 and
29 and 30 inhibition

calcium ( ca ( 2+ ) ) is an universal second messenger that regulates the most important activities of all eukaryotic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 calcium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 calcium 3 ca
1 calcium 8 is
2 ( 3 ca
3 ca 5 2+
3 ca 7 )
4 ( 5 2+
5 2+ 6 )
8 is 12 messenger
9 an 12 messenger
10 universal 12 messenger
11 second 12 messenger
12 messenger 13 that
12 messenger 14 regulates
13 that 14 regulates
14 regulates 18 activities
15 the 16 most
16 most 18 activities
17 important 18 activities
18 activities 19 of
19 of 22 cells
20 all 22 cells
21 eukaryotic 22 cells

it is of critical importance to neurons as it [participates] in the transmission of the depolarizing signal and contributes to synaptic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 of
2 is 6 to
3 of 5 importance
4 critical 5 importance
6 to 18 and
7 neurons 8 as
7 neurons 11 in
7 neurons 18 and
8 as 9 it
11 in 13 transmission
12 the 13 transmission
13 transmission 14 of
14 of 17 signal
15 the 17 signal
16 depolarizing 17 signal
18 and 19 contributes
19 contributes 20 to
20 to 22 activity
21 synaptic 22 activity

neurons have thus developed extensive and intricate ca ( 2+ ) signaling pathways to couple the ca ( 2+ ) signal to their biochemical machinery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neurons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 neurons 2 have
2 have 4 developed
3 thus 4 developed
4 developed 5 extensive
6 and 13 pathways
6 and 21 signal
7 intricate 13 pathways
8 ca 10 2+
8 ca 13 pathways
9 ( 10 2+
10 2+ 11 )
12 signaling 13 pathways
13 pathways 14 to
13 pathways 15 couple
13 pathways 21 signal
14 to 15 couple
15 couple 17 ca
16 the 17 ca
17 ca 19 2+
18 ( 19 2+
19 2+ 20 )
21 signal 22 to
22 to 25 machinery
23 their 25 machinery
24 biochemical 25 machinery

ca ( 2+ ) [influx] into neurons [occurs] through plasma membrane receptors and voltage - dependent ion channels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 ca 3 2+
1 ca 6 into
1 ca 9 through
1 ca 13 and
2 ( 3 2+
3 2+ 4 )
6 into 7 neurons
9 through 12 receptors
10 plasma 12 receptors
11 membrane 12 receptors
13 and 14 voltage
15 - 18 channels
15 - 19 .
16 dependent 17 ion
17 ion 18 channels

the release of ca ( 2+ [ )(from the intracellular stores , such as the endoplasmic reticulum , [by] intracellular channels also contributes to the elevation of cytosolic ca ( 2+ ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 release
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 release
2 release 3 of
2 release 14 as
2 release 23 contributes
3 of 4 ca
4 ca 6 2+
5 ( 6 2+
6 2+ 8 )(from
6 2+ 12 ,
8 )(from 11 stores
9 the 11 stores
10 intracellular 11 stores
13 such 14 as
14 as 21 channels
15 the 21 channels
16 endoplasmic 21 channels
17 reticulum 18 ,
17 reticulum 21 channels
20 intracellular 21 channels
22 also 23 contributes
23 contributes 24 to
24 to 26 elevation
25 the 26 elevation
26 elevation 27 of
27 of 29 ca
28 cytosolic 29 ca
29 ca 31 2+
30 ( 31 2+
31 2+ 32 )

inside the cell , ca ( 2+ ) is controlled by the buffering action of cytosolic [ca] ( 2+ ) - binding proteins and by its uptake and release by mitochondria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ca
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 controlled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 inside 3 cell
1 inside 4 ,
1 inside 5 ca
2 the 3 cell
5 ca 7 2+
5 ca 9 is
6 ( 7 2+
7 2+ 8 )
9 is 10 controlled
10 controlled 24 and
10 controlled 30 by
11 by 14 action
11 by 24 and
12 the 14 action
13 buffering 14 action
14 action 15 of
15 of 23 proteins
16 cytosolic 19 2+
16 cytosolic 21 -
16 cytosolic 23 proteins
18 ( 19 2+
19 2+ 20 )
22 binding 23 proteins
24 and 25 by
25 by 28 and
26 its 27 uptake
27 uptake 28 and
28 and 29 release
30 by 31 mitochondria

the uptake of ca ( 2+ ) in the mitochondrial matrix stimulates the citric acid cycle , thus enhancing atp production and the removal of ca ( 2+ ) from the cytosol by the atp - driven pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 uptake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 pumps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 2 uptake
2 uptake 3 of
2 uptake 8 in
2 uptake 12 stimulates
3 of 4 ca
4 ca 6 2+
5 ( 6 2+
6 2+ 7 )
8 in 11 matrix
9 the 11 matrix
10 mitochondrial 11 matrix
12 stimulates 16 cycle
12 stimulates 18 thus
13 the 16 cycle
14 citric 16 cycle
15 acid 16 cycle
17 , 18 thus
18 thus 19 enhancing
19 enhancing 22 and
19 enhancing 38 pumps
20 atp 21 production
21 production 22 and
22 and 24 removal
22 and 36 -
22 and 37 driven
23 the 24 removal
24 removal 25 of
24 removal 30 from
24 removal 33 by
25 of 26 ca
26 ca 28 2+
27 ( 28 2+
28 2+ 29 )
30 from 32 cytosol
31 the 32 cytosol
33 by 35 atp
34 the 35 atp
38 pumps 39 in
39 in 46 membrane
40 the 46 membrane
41 endoplasmic 46 membrane
42 reticulum 43 and
43 and 45 plasma
43 and 46 membrane
44 the 45 plasma

a na [(] [+] )/ca ( 2+ ) exchanger in the plasma membrane also participates in the control of neuronal ca ( 2+ ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 exchanger
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 participates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 9 exchanger
2 na 9 exchanger
5 )/ca 7 2+
5 )/ca 9 exchanger
6 ( 7 2+
7 2+ 8 )
9 exchanger 10 in
9 exchanger 15 participates
10 in 13 membrane
11 the 13 membrane
12 plasma 13 membrane
14 also 15 participates
15 participates 16 in
16 in 18 control
17 the 18 control
18 control 19 of
19 of 21 ca
20 neuronal 21 ca
21 ca 23 2+
22 ( 23 2+
23 2+ 24 )

the impaired ability of neurons to maintain an adequate energy level may impact ca ( 2+ ) signaling : this occurs during aging and in neurodegenerative disease processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 ability
2 impaired 3 ability
3 ability 4 of
3 ability 6 to
3 ability 7 maintain
3 ability 12 may
4 of 5 neurons
6 to 7 maintain
7 maintain 11 level
8 an 9 adequate
8 an 11 level
9 adequate 10 energy
10 energy 11 level
12 may 13 impact
13 impact 18 signaling
14 ca 16 2+
14 ca 18 signaling
15 ( 16 2+
16 2+ 17 )
19 : 20 this
19 : 21 occurs
20 this 21 occurs
21 occurs 24 and
22 during 23 aging
22 during 24 and
24 and 25 in
25 in 28 processes
26 neurodegenerative 27 disease
27 disease 28 processes

the focus of this review is on neuronal ca ( 2+ ) signaling and its involvement in synaptic signaling processes , neuronal energy metabolism , and neurotransmission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 focus
2 focus 3 of
2 focus 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 on
6 is 17 in
7 on 14 and
8 neuronal 13 signaling
9 ca 11 2+
9 ca 13 signaling
10 ( 11 2+
11 2+ 12 )
13 signaling 14 and
14 and 16 involvement
15 its 16 involvement
17 in 26 and
18 synaptic 19 signaling
18 synaptic 21 ,
19 signaling 20 processes
21 , 24 metabolism
21 , 26 and
22 neuronal 23 energy
23 energy 24 metabolism
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 neurotransmission

the contribution of altered ca ( 2+ ) signaling in the most important neurological disorders will then be considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 contribution
2 contribution 3 of
2 contribution 9 signaling
2 contribution 16 will
3 of 5 ca
4 altered 5 ca
5 ca 7 2+
6 ( 7 2+
7 2+ 8 )
9 signaling 10 in
10 in 15 disorders
11 the 12 most
12 most 15 disorders
13 important 15 disorders
14 neurological 15 disorders
16 will 18 be
17 then 18 be
18 be 19 considered

objective : the veterans aging cohort study ( vacs ) index is predictive of mortality and combines age , traditional hiv biomarkers ( hiv - 1 plasma rna and current cd4 count ) , and [non] [-] hiv biomarkers ( indicators [of] renal and liver function , anemia , and hepatitis c coinfection ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 index
3 the 11 index
4 veterans 5 aging
5 aging 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 study
7 study 9 vacs
8 ( 9 vacs
9 vacs 10 )
9 vacs 11 index
11 index 12 is
12 is 22 biomarkers
13 predictive 14 of
13 predictive 16 and
14 of 15 mortality
16 and 18 age
16 and 19 ,
16 and 22 biomarkers
17 combines 18 age
20 traditional 22 biomarkers
21 hiv 22 biomarkers
22 biomarkers 25 -
23 ( 25 -
24 hiv 25 -
25 - 35 and
26 1 28 rna
27 plasma 28 rna
28 rna 29 and
29 and 32 count
29 and 33 )
29 and 35 and
30 current 32 count
31 cd4 32 count
34 , 35 and
35 and 39 biomarkers
35 and 46 function
38 hiv 39 biomarkers
40 ( 46 function
41 indicators 46 function
43 renal 44 and
44 and 45 liver
44 and 46 function
46 function 53 coinfection
46 function 55 .
47 , 53 coinfection
48 anemia 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 hepatitis
50 and 53 coinfection
51 hepatitis 52 c
53 coinfection 54 )

we examined the association between the vacs index and hiv - associated neurocognitive impairment ( nci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 association
2 examined 5 between
3 the 4 association
5 between 9 and
6 the 8 index
7 vacs 8 index
8 index 9 and
9 and 10 hiv
10 hiv 14 impairment
11 - 14 impairment
12 associated 14 impairment
13 neurocognitive 14 impairment
14 impairment 16 nci
14 impairment 17 )
15 ( 16 nci
16 nci 17 )

design and methods : participants included 601 hiv - infected adults enrolled in cohort studies at the university of california , san diego , hiv neurobehavioral research program ( ages : 18 - 76 years ; 88 % male ; 63 % white ; median current cd4 = 364 cells/mm ; 63 % on antiretroviral therapy [;] aids = 64 % [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 )(
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 8 hiv
4 : 9 -
4 : 43 white
4 : 44 ;
5 participants 6 included
6 included 8 hiv
7 601 8 hiv
9 - 11 adults
9 - 31 :
10 infected 11 adults
11 adults 12 enrolled
11 adults 23 diego
12 enrolled 13 in
13 in 15 studies
14 cohort 15 studies
15 studies 16 at
16 at 18 university
17 the 18 university
18 university 19 of
19 of 20 california
21 , 23 diego
22 san 23 diego
23 diego 28 program
23 diego 31 :
24 , 28 program
25 hiv 26 neurobehavioral
26 neurobehavioral 27 research
27 research 28 program
28 program 30 ages
28 program 31 :
29 ( 30 ages
30 ages 31 :
31 : 32 18
31 : 36 ;
32 18 35 years
33 - 35 years
34 76 35 years
35 years 36 ;
36 ; 39 male
36 ; 40 ;
37 88 38 %
38 % 39 male
40 ; 42 %
41 63 42 %
42 % 43 white
44 ; 47 cd4
44 ; 48 =
44 ; 51 ;
45 median 47 cd4
46 current 47 cd4
47 cd4 48 =
48 = 50 cells/mm
49 364 50 cells/mm
51 ; 53 %
52 63 53 %
53 % 54 on
53 % 59 =
54 on 58 aids
55 antiretroviral 56 therapy
56 therapy 58 aids
59 = 61 %
60 64 61 %

biomarkers used in calculating the vacs index were measured in prospectively collected blood samples using conventional laboratory methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 biomarkers 2 used
1 biomarkers 3 in
1 biomarkers 8 were
3 in 4 calculating
4 calculating 7 index
5 the 7 index
6 vacs 7 index
8 were 9 measured
9 measured 10 in
9 measured 15 using
10 in 14 samples
11 prospectively 12 collected
12 collected 14 samples
13 blood 14 samples
15 using 18 methods
16 conventional 17 laboratory
17 laboratory 18 methods

nci was defined using global and seven domain deficit scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 nci 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 4 using
4 using 6 and
5 global 6 and
6 and 10 scores
7 seven 10 scores
8 domain 10 scores
9 deficit 10 scores

results : higher vacs index scores were associated with concurrent risk for global nci [ p < 0.001 ; odds ratio [=] 1.21 , confidence [interval] ( ci ) : 1.12 to 1.32 []] , even when adjusting for psychiatric comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 vacs
3 higher 4 vacs
4 vacs 5 index
4 vacs 8 associated
5 index 6 scores
5 index 7 were
5 index 8 associated
6 scores 7 were
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 12 for
9 with 11 risk
10 concurrent 11 risk
12 for 14 nci
13 global 14 nci
14 nci 17 <
15 [ 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.001
17 < 19 ;
19 ; 21 ratio
19 ; 30 :
19 ; 35 ,
20 odds 21 ratio
21 ratio 23 1.21
21 ratio 25 confidence
21 ratio 30 :
24 , 25 confidence
25 confidence 28 ci
25 confidence 29 )
27 ( 28 ci
28 ci 29 )
30 : 32 to
31 1.12 32 to
32 to 33 1.32
35 , 36 even
36 even 37 when
36 even 39 for
37 when 38 adjusting
39 for 41 comorbidities
40 psychiatric 41 comorbidities

this relation was statistically significant for most cognitive domains in adjusted models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 relation
2 relation 3 was
3 was 4 statistically
3 was 5 significant
5 significant 6 for
5 significant 10 in
6 for 9 domains
7 most 8 cognitive
8 cognitive 9 domains
10 in 12 models
11 adjusted 12 models

furthermore , the vacs index predicted concurrent nci beyond nadir cd4 and estimated duration of infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 index
3 the 5 index
4 vacs 5 index
5 index 12 and
6 predicted 8 nci
6 predicted 9 beyond
6 predicted 12 and
7 concurrent 8 nci
9 beyond 11 cd4
10 nadir 11 cd4
12 and 13 estimated
13 estimated 14 duration
14 duration 15 of
15 of 16 infection

older age , lower hemoglobin , and lower cd4 counts were the vacs components most strongly linked to nci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 counts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 older 2 age
2 age 3 ,
3 , 5 hemoglobin
3 , 7 and
4 lower 5 hemoglobin
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 lower
7 and 10 counts
9 cd4 10 counts
10 counts 11 were
11 were 14 components
11 were 18 to
12 the 14 components
13 vacs 14 components
14 components 17 linked
15 most 16 strongly
16 strongly 17 linked
18 to 19 nci

conclusions : the findings extend previous research on the potential usefulness of the vacs index in predicting hiv - associated outcomes to include nci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 extend
2 : 19 -
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 extend
5 extend 7 research
5 extend 8 on
5 extend 16 in
6 previous 7 research
8 on 11 usefulness
9 the 11 usefulness
10 potential 11 usefulness
11 usefulness 12 of
12 of 15 index
13 the 15 index
14 vacs 15 index
16 in 17 predicting
17 predicting 18 hiv
19 - 21 outcomes
20 associated 21 outcomes
21 outcomes 22 to
21 outcomes 23 include
22 to 23 include
23 include 24 nci

although the effect size was relatively small , our findings suggest that demographic information , hiv - disease factors , and common comorbidities might each play important roles in the clinical manifestation of cognitive impairment among hiv - infected individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 suggest
1 although 4 size
1 although 5 was
1 although 8 ,
1 although 10 findings
2 the 4 size
3 effect 4 size
4 size 5 was
5 was 6 relatively
5 was 7 small
9 our 10 findings
10 findings 11 suggest
11 suggest 21 and
11 suggest 26 play
12 that 13 demographic
13 demographic 14 information
14 information 15 ,
15 , 16 hiv
15 , 21 and
16 hiv 19 factors
17 - 19 factors
18 disease 19 factors
19 factors 20 ,
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 comorbidities
21 and 24 might
22 common 23 comorbidities
24 might 26 play
25 each 26 play
26 play 28 roles
26 play 36 among
27 important 28 roles
28 roles 29 in
29 in 32 manifestation
30 the 32 manifestation
31 clinical 32 manifestation
32 manifestation 33 of
33 of 35 impairment
34 cognitive 35 impairment
36 among 37 hiv
37 hiv 40 individuals
38 - 40 individuals
39 infected 40 individuals
40 individuals 41 .

additional research is needed to determine if a [more] sensitive and specific index can be developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 additional 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 7 if
7 if 13 index
7 if 16 developed
8 a 13 index
10 sensitive 11 and
11 and 12 specific
11 and 13 index
13 index 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 developed

background : osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a common problem [in] [elderly] , but it is not an inevitable feature of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 osteoarthritis
2 : 7 is
2 : 14 but
3 osteoarthritis 5 oa
3 osteoarthritis 7 is
4 ( 5 oa
5 oa 6 )
7 is 10 problem
8 a 9 common
8 a 10 problem
9 common 10 problem
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 it
14 but 16 is
15 it 16 is
16 is 17 not
16 is 20 feature
18 an 19 inevitable
18 an 20 feature
19 inevitable 20 feature
20 feature 21 of
21 of 22 ageing

about 80 - 90 % of individuals of both sexes have radiographic evidence of oa by the time they reach an age of 65 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 about 2 80
2 80 3 -
3 - 4 90
3 - 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 8 of
5 % 11 have
6 of 7 individuals
8 of 10 sexes
9 both 10 sexes
11 have 13 evidence
12 radiographic 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 of
14 of 15 oa
15 oa 16 by
15 oa 23 of
16 by 18 time
17 the 18 time
18 time 19 they
18 time 20 reach
19 they 20 reach
20 reach 22 age
21 an 22 age
23 of 24 65

but not all of them have the symptoms like pain and decreased joint motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 but 2 not
2 not 5 them
2 not 6 have
3 all 4 of
3 all 5 them
4 of 5 them
5 them 6 have
6 have 8 symptoms
6 have 11 and
7 the 8 symptoms
9 like 10 pain
9 like 11 and
11 and 12 decreased
11 and 14 motion
13 joint 14 motion

objective : the objective of the present study was conducted to find out whether the osteoarthritic changes in human articular cartilage are similar to the ageing process [or] [not] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 objective
2 : 10 conducted
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 9 was
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 present 8 study
9 was 10 conducted
10 conducted 11 to
11 to 13 out
12 find 13 out
13 out 14 whether
14 whether 17 changes
14 whether 22 are
15 the 17 changes
16 osteoarthritic 17 changes
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 22 are
18 in 21 cartilage
19 human 21 cartilage
20 articular 21 cartilage
22 are 23 similar
23 similar 24 to
24 to 27 process
25 the 27 process
26 ageing 27 process

methods : femoral articular cartilage specimens obtained from 13 osteoarthritic patients ( 52 - 80 years ) undergoing total knee replacement and 9 cadavers of same age group [(] 50 - 80 years ) ( control ) were processed and studied [under] electron microscope . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 40 and
2 : 45 .
3 femoral 5 cartilage
4 articular 5 cartilage
5 cartilage 6 specimens
6 specimens 7 obtained
6 specimens 18 undergoing
6 specimens 22 and
7 obtained 8 from
7 obtained 14 -
8 from 11 patients
9 13 11 patients
10 osteoarthritic 11 patients
12 ( 14 -
13 52 14 -
14 - 16 years
14 - 17 )
15 80 16 years
18 undergoing 21 replacement
19 total 20 knee
20 knee 21 replacement
22 and 24 cadavers
22 and 40 and
23 9 24 cadavers
24 cadavers 25 of
25 of 26 same
26 same 27 age
26 same 39 processed
27 age 28 group
27 age 38 were
27 age 39 processed
28 group 30 50
28 group 33 years
28 group 36 control
28 group 38 were
31 - 33 years
32 80 33 years
33 years 34 )
35 ( 36 control
36 control 37 )
40 and 44 microscope
41 studied 43 electron
43 electron 44 microscope

the ultrastructure of the cartilage from the two groups was compared with each other . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ultrastructure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 ultrastructure
2 ultrastructure 3 of
2 ultrastructure 10 was
3 of 5 cartilage
4 the 5 cartilage
5 cartilage 6 from
6 from 9 groups
7 the 8 two
8 two 9 groups
10 was 11 compared
11 compared 12 with
12 with 14 other
13 each 14 other

results : under the electron microscope , articular cartilage from control [group] had chondrocytes having a secretary cell characteristic with prominent nucleus and well developed organelles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 9 cartilage
2 : 13 had
3 under 6 microscope
3 under 7 ,
3 under 9 cartilage
4 the 6 microscope
5 electron 6 microscope
8 articular 9 cartilage
9 cartilage 10 from
9 cartilage 13 had
10 from 11 control
13 had 14 chondrocytes
14 chondrocytes 15 having
15 having 26 organelles
16 a 18 cell
17 secretary 18 cell
18 cell 19 characteristic
18 cell 23 and
19 characteristic 20 with
20 with 22 nucleus
21 prominent 22 nucleus
23 and 24 well
23 and 26 organelles
25 developed 26 organelles

in osteoarthritic cartilage , degenerating or necrotic chondrocytes were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 chondrocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 3 cartilage
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 chondrocytes
2 osteoarthritic 3 cartilage
5 degenerating 6 or
6 or 7 necrotic
6 or 8 chondrocytes
8 chondrocytes 9 were
9 were 10 found

nuclei of these chondrocytes appeared lobulated or indented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nuclei
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 nuclei 2 of
1 nuclei 7 or
2 of 4 chondrocytes
3 these 4 chondrocytes
5 appeared 6 lobulated
5 appeared 7 or
7 or 8 indented

chondrocytes below the fibrillated surface had dilated [and] irregular [endoplasmic] [reticulum] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chondrocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 dilated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 chondrocytes 2 below
1 chondrocytes 6 had
2 below 5 surface
3 the 5 surface
4 fibrillated 5 surface
6 had 7 dilated
7 dilated 9 irregular

electron dense lipid deposits in the extracellular matrix as well as intracytoplasmic glycogen deposits were much increased in osteoarthritic cartilage as compared to the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deposits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 electron 4 deposits
2 dense 3 lipid
3 lipid 4 deposits
4 deposits 5 in
4 deposits 11 as
4 deposits 17 increased
5 in 8 matrix
6 the 8 matrix
7 extracellular 8 matrix
9 as 10 well
10 well 11 as
11 as 13 glycogen
12 intracytoplasmic 13 glycogen
13 glycogen 14 deposits
13 glycogen 15 were
14 deposits 15 were
15 were 16 much
17 increased 18 in
17 increased 23 to
18 in 20 cartilage
19 osteoarthritic 20 cartilage
20 cartilage 22 compared
21 as 22 compared
23 to 26 group
24 the 26 group
25 control 26 group

amount of perinuclear intracytoplasmic fine filaments was also increased in the chondrocytes of osteoarthritic cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 amount 2 of
1 amount 7 was
2 of 6 filaments
3 perinuclear 6 filaments
4 intracytoplasmic 6 filaments
5 fine 6 filaments
7 was 9 increased
8 also 9 increased
9 increased 10 in
10 in 12 chondrocytes
11 the 12 chondrocytes
12 chondrocytes 13 of
13 of 15 cartilage
14 osteoarthritic 15 cartilage

conclusion : ultrastructural findings of the osteoarthritic articular cartilage were much different from the ageing [non] - osteoarthritic cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 10 were
2 : 17 -
3 ultrastructural 4 findings
4 findings 5 of
4 findings 10 were
5 of 9 cartilage
6 the 9 cartilage
7 osteoarthritic 9 cartilage
8 articular 9 cartilage
10 were 12 different
11 much 12 different
12 different 13 from
13 from 15 ageing
14 the 15 ageing
17 - 19 cartilage
17 - 20 .
18 osteoarthritic 19 cartilage

hence , oa should be considered a specific process and not [simply] an inevitable feature of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 oa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 3 oa
3 oa 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 considered
6 considered 10 and
7 a 8 specific
7 a 9 process
8 specific 9 process
9 process 10 and
10 and 11 not
10 and 15 feature
13 an 14 inevitable
13 an 15 feature
14 inevitable 15 feature
15 feature 16 of
16 of 17 ageing

phytomedicine has been successfully used in dermatology [horizon] for thousands of years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phytomedicine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 phytomedicine 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 5 used
4 successfully 5 used
5 used 6 in
6 in 7 dermatology
7 dermatology 9 for
9 for 10 thousands
10 thousands 11 of
11 of 12 years

jojoba ( simmondsia chinensis ) is a long [-] [lived] , drought resistant , perennial plant with interesting economic value as it is processed for liquid wax production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 jojoba
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 jojoba 4 chinensis
1 jojoba 6 is
2 ( 4 chinensis
3 simmondsia 4 chinensis
4 chinensis 5 )
6 is 16 plant
7 a 8 long
7 a 16 plant
8 long 11 ,
8 long 16 plant
12 drought 15 perennial
13 resistant 14 ,
13 resistant 15 perennial
15 perennial 16 plant
16 plant 17 with
16 plant 25 for
17 with 18 interesting
18 interesting 20 value
19 economic 20 value
20 value 24 processed
21 as 22 it
21 as 24 processed
22 it 23 is
23 is 24 processed
25 for 28 production
26 liquid 27 wax
27 wax 28 production

the jojoba plant produces esters of long - chain alcohols and fatty acids ( [waxes] [ )(as a seed lipid energy reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 produces
1 the 3 plant
2 jojoba 3 plant
3 plant 4 produces
4 produces 5 esters
4 produces 17 )(as
5 esters 6 of
6 of 11 and
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 chain
9 chain 10 alcohols
10 alcohols 11 and
11 and 13 acids
12 fatty 13 acids
14 ( 17 )(as
17 )(as 22 reserve
17 )(as 23 .
18 a 22 reserve
19 seed 22 reserve
20 lipid 22 reserve
21 energy 22 reserve

the liquid wax is an important substrate for a variety of industrial applications and is used in skin treatment preparations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 wax
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 wax
2 liquid 3 wax
3 wax 14 and
4 is 7 substrate
4 is 14 and
5 an 6 important
5 an 7 substrate
6 important 7 substrate
7 substrate 8 for
8 for 10 variety
9 a 10 variety
10 variety 11 of
11 of 13 applications
12 industrial 13 applications
14 and 15 is
15 is 16 used
16 used 17 in
17 in 20 preparations
18 skin 20 preparations
19 treatment 20 preparations

the oil from the jojoba plant is the main biological source of wax esters and has a multitude of potential applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oil
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 oil
2 oil 3 from
2 oil 15 and
3 from 6 plant
4 the 6 plant
5 jojoba 6 plant
7 is 11 source
7 is 15 and
8 the 9 main
8 the 11 source
10 biological 11 source
11 source 12 of
12 of 14 esters
13 wax 14 esters
15 and 16 has
15 and 21 applications
17 a 18 multitude
18 multitude 19 of
18 multitude 21 applications
19 of 21 applications
20 potential 21 applications

the review [of] literatures suggest that jojoba has anti - inflammatory effect and it can be used on a variety of skin conditions including skin infections , skin aging , as well as wound healing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 has
1 the 2 review
2 review 4 literatures
2 review 7 jojoba
2 review 8 has
4 literatures 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
5 suggest 7 jojoba
8 has 13 and
8 has 17 used
9 anti 10 -
9 anti 12 effect
11 inflammatory 12 effect
12 effect 13 and
13 and 14 it
13 and 15 can
13 and 16 be
15 can 16 be
17 used 18 on
18 on 20 variety
19 a 20 variety
20 variety 21 of
21 of 23 conditions
22 skin 23 conditions
23 conditions 24 including
23 conditions 31 as
24 including 26 infections
25 skin 26 infections
26 infections 28 skin
27 , 28 skin
28 skin 29 aging
28 skin 30 ,
31 as 32 well
32 well 35 healing
33 as 34 wound
33 as 35 healing
34 wound 35 healing
35 healing 36 .

moreover , jojoba has been shown to play a role in cosmetics formulas such as sunscreens and moisturizers and also enhances the absorption of topical drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 jojoba
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 jojoba
3 jojoba 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
6 shown 13 formulas
7 to 8 play
8 play 10 role
8 play 11 in
9 a 10 role
11 in 12 cosmetics
13 formulas 15 as
13 formulas 24 of
14 such 15 as
15 as 17 and
16 sunscreens 17 and
17 and 19 and
18 moisturizers 19 and
19 and 21 enhances
19 and 23 absorption
20 also 21 enhances
22 the 23 absorption
24 of 26 drugs
25 topical 26 drugs

the intention of the review is to summarize the data regarding the uses of jojoba in dermatology for readers and researchers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 intention
2 intention 3 of
2 intention 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 the 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 summarize
7 to 8 summarize
8 summarize 10 data
8 summarize 16 in
9 the 10 data
10 data 11 regarding
10 data 14 of
11 regarding 13 uses
12 the 13 uses
14 of 15 jojoba
16 in 17 dermatology
17 dermatology 18 for
18 for 20 and
19 readers 20 and
20 and 21 researchers

promotion of home medical care is absolutely necessary in japan [where] is a rapidly aging society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 promotion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 promotion 2 of
1 promotion 8 necessary
1 promotion 12 is
2 of 3 home
3 home 5 care
3 home 6 is
4 medical 5 care
5 care 6 is
7 absolutely 8 necessary
8 necessary 9 in
9 in 10 japan
12 is 16 society
13 a 16 society
14 rapidly 15 aging
15 aging 16 society

in home medical care settings , triadic communications among the doctor , patient and the family are common . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 communications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 5 settings
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 communications
2 home 5 settings
3 medical 4 care
4 care 5 settings
7 triadic 8 communications
8 communications 9 among
8 communications 17 are
9 among 14 and
10 the 11 doctor
11 doctor 12 ,
12 , 13 patient
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 family
15 the 16 family
17 are 18 common

and " communications just between the doctor and the patient without the family " ( doctor - patient communication without family , " dpc without family " ) is considered important for the patient to frankly communicate with the doctor without consideration for the family . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 communicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 and 2 "
1 and 19 communication
1 and 30 considered
3 communications 4 just
3 communications 8 and
4 just 5 between
5 between 7 doctor
6 the 7 doctor
8 and 10 patient
8 and 16 doctor
8 and 19 communication
9 the 10 patient
10 patient 11 without
11 without 13 family
12 the 13 family
13 family 14 "
15 ( 16 doctor
16 doctor 17 -
18 patient 19 communication
19 communication 20 without
19 communication 29 is
20 without 21 family
21 family 24 dpc
22 , 23 "
22 , 24 dpc
24 dpc 25 without
24 dpc 28 )
25 without 26 family
26 family 27 "
29 is 30 considered
30 considered 31 important
31 important 32 for
31 important 35 to
32 for 34 patient
33 the 34 patient
35 to 37 communicate
36 frankly 37 communicate
37 communicate 38 with
37 communicate 41 without
38 with 40 doctor
39 the 40 doctor
41 without 42 consideration
42 consideration 43 for
43 for 45 family
44 the 45 family

however , the circumstances associated with dpc without family are unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 circumstances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 circumstances
3 the 4 circumstances
4 circumstances 5 associated
4 circumstances 10 are
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 8 without
6 with 7 dpc
8 without 9 family
10 are 11 unclear

therefore , to identify the factors of the occurrence of dpc without family , we conducted a cross - sectional mail - in survey targeting 271 families of japanese patients who had previously received home medical care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 15 we
3 to 4 identify
3 to 14 ,
3 to 15 we
4 identify 6 factors
4 identify 12 without
5 the 6 factors
6 factors 7 of
7 of 9 occurrence
8 the 9 occurrence
9 occurrence 10 of
10 of 11 dpc
12 without 13 family
15 we 16 conducted
16 conducted 18 cross
17 a 18 cross
18 cross 21 mail
19 - 21 mail
20 sectional 21 mail
21 mail 22 -
22 - 30 patients
22 - 35 home
23 in 27 families
23 in 30 patients
24 survey 27 families
25 targeting 27 families
26 271 27 families
27 families 28 of
28 of 29 japanese
30 patients 31 who
30 patients 32 had
30 patients 35 home
31 who 32 had
32 had 34 received
33 previously 34 received
35 home 37 care
36 medical 37 care

among 227 respondents ( 83.8 % ) , we eventually analyzed data from 143 , excluding families of patients with severe hearing or cognitive impairment and severe verbal communication dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 analyzed
1 among 3 respondents
1 among 8 ,
1 among 9 we
2 227 3 respondents
3 respondents 6 %
4 ( 6 %
5 83.8 6 %
6 % 7 )
9 we 11 analyzed
10 eventually 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 12 data
11 analyzed 13 from
11 analyzed 16 excluding
13 from 14 143
15 , 16 excluding
16 excluding 17 families
16 excluding 20 with
16 excluding 31 .
17 families 18 of
18 of 19 patients
20 with 26 and
21 severe 22 hearing
21 severe 23 or
23 or 25 impairment
23 or 26 and
24 cognitive 25 impairment
26 and 30 dysfunction
27 severe 30 dysfunction
28 verbal 30 dysfunction
29 communication 30 dysfunction

dpc without family occurred in 26.6 % ( n = 38 [ )(of the families analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dpc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 dpc 2 without
1 dpc 4 occurred
2 without 3 family
4 occurred 5 in
5 in 7 %
6 26.6 7 %
7 % 10 =
8 ( 10 =
9 n 10 =
10 = 11 38
11 38 13 )(of
13 )(of 15 families
14 the 15 families
15 families 16 analyzed

a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using a model including primary disease , daily activity , duration of home medical care , interval between doctor visits , duration of doctor 's stay [,] existence of another room , and spouse as primary caregiver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 a 5 analysis
2 multivariable 4 regression
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 was
6 was 7 performed
7 performed 8 using
8 using 10 model
9 a 10 model
10 model 11 including
11 including 13 disease
12 primary 13 disease
13 disease 16 activity
13 disease 18 duration
13 disease 24 interval
14 , 16 activity
15 daily 16 activity
16 activity 17 ,
17 , 18 duration
18 duration 19 of
18 duration 23 ,
19 of 22 care
20 home 22 care
21 medical 22 care
23 , 24 interval
24 interval 25 between
24 interval 28 ,
25 between 27 visits
26 doctor 27 visits
28 , 29 duration
28 , 32 's
29 duration 30 of
29 duration 32 's
30 of 31 doctor
32 's 35 existence
32 's 42 as
33 stay 35 existence
35 existence 36 of
36 of 40 and
37 another 38 room
38 room 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 spouse
42 as 44 caregiver
43 primary 44 caregiver

as a result , dpc without family was significantly associated with malignant tumor as primary disease ( or , 3.165 ; 95 % ci , 1.180 - 8.486 ; p = 0.022 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 dpc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 )(
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 dpc
2 a 3 result
5 dpc 6 without
5 dpc 8 was
6 without 7 family
8 was 9 significantly
8 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 16 disease
12 malignant 13 tumor
13 tumor 16 disease
14 as 15 primary
15 primary 16 disease
16 disease 18 or
17 ( 18 or
18 or 19 ,
19 , 20 3.165
19 , 21 ;
21 ; 24 ci
21 ; 25 ,
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
25 , 26 1.180
25 , 27 -
25 , 29 ;
26 1.180 27 -
27 - 28 8.486
29 ; 30 p
29 ; 31 =
30 p 31 =
31 = 32 0.022

in conclusion , the visiting doctors should bear in mind that the background factor of the occurrence of dpc without family is patient ['s] malignant tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 6 doctors
3 , 8 bear
4 the 6 doctors
5 visiting 6 doctors
6 doctors 7 should
7 should 8 bear
8 bear 10 mind
8 bear 11 that
9 in 10 mind
11 that 14 factor
11 that 22 is
12 the 14 factor
13 background 14 factor
14 factor 15 of
14 factor 18 of
14 factor 20 without
14 factor 22 is
15 of 17 occurrence
16 the 17 occurrence
18 of 19 dpc
20 without 21 family
22 is 26 tumors
23 patient 26 tumors
25 malignant 26 tumors

post - operative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) is associated with increased cost of care , morbidity , and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 post
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 post 5 dysfunction
1 post 9 is
2 - 5 dysfunction
3 operative 5 dysfunction
4 cognitive 5 dysfunction
5 dysfunction 7 pocd
5 dysfunction 8 )
6 ( 7 pocd
7 pocd 8 )
9 is 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 cost
12 increased 13 cost
13 cost 14 of
14 of 19 and
15 care 16 ,
16 , 17 morbidity
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 mortality

however , its pathogenesis remains largely to be determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 determined
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 remains
3 its 5 remains
4 pathogenesis 5 remains
5 remains 7 to
5 remains 8 be
5 remains 9 determined
6 largely 7 to
7 to 8 be
9 determined 10 .

specifically , it is unknown why elderly patients are more likely to develop pocd and whether pocd is dependent on general anesthesia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 unknown
5 unknown 6 why
6 why 8 patients
6 why 9 are
7 elderly 8 patients
8 patients 9 are
9 are 12 to
9 are 19 dependent
10 more 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
12 to 13 develop
13 develop 15 and
14 pocd 15 and
15 and 16 whether
15 and 17 pocd
15 and 18 is
17 pocd 18 is
19 dependent 20 on
20 on 22 anesthesia
21 general 22 anesthesia

we therefore set out to investigate the effects of peripheral surgery on the cognition and alzheimer - related neuropathology in mice with different ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 set
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 3 set
2 therefore 3 set
3 set 4 out
3 set 5 to
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 8 effects
6 investigate 12 on
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 11 surgery
10 peripheral 11 surgery
12 on 15 and
13 the 14 cognition
14 cognition 15 and
15 and 16 alzheimer
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 neuropathology
18 related 20 in
18 related 22 with
20 in 21 mice
22 with 24 ages
23 different 24 ages

abdominal surgery under local anesthesia was established in the mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 surgery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 abdominal 2 surgery
2 surgery 3 under
2 surgery 6 was
3 under 5 anesthesia
4 local 5 anesthesia
6 was 7 established
7 established 8 in
8 in 10 mice
9 the 10 mice

the aβ accumulation likely resulted from elevation of beta - site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α . [γ] - secretase inhibitor compound e ameliorated the surgery - induced brain aβ accumulation and cognitive impairment in the 18 month - old mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 accumulation
2 aβ 3 accumulation
3 accumulation 5 resulted
4 likely 5 resulted
5 resulted 6 from
6 from 7 elevation
7 elevation 8 of
8 of 9 beta
10 - 17 and
10 - 22 factor
11 site 14 protein
12 amyloid 14 protein
13 precursor 14 protein
14 protein 15 cleaving
14 protein 17 and
15 cleaving 16 enzyme
17 and 21 initiation
17 and 22 factor
18 phosphorylated 20 translation
19 eukaryotic 20 translation
20 translation 21 initiation
22 factor 23 2α
24 . 29 compound
24 . 31 ameliorated
26 - 27 secretase
27 secretase 29 compound
28 inhibitor 29 compound
29 compound 30 e
29 compound 31 ameliorated
31 ameliorated 33 surgery
32 the 33 surgery
33 surgery 39 and
34 - 39 and
35 induced 36 brain
36 brain 38 accumulation
37 aβ 38 accumulation
38 accumulation 39 and
39 and 41 impairment
39 and 42 in
39 and 48 mice
39 and 49 .
40 cognitive 41 impairment
42 in 45 month
43 the 45 month
44 18 45 month
46 - 48 mice
47 old 48 mice
48 mice 49 .

these data suggested that the peripheral surgery was able to induce cognitive impairment independent of general anesthesia , and that the combination of peripheral surgery with aging - or alzheimer gene mutation - associated aβ accumulation was needed for the pocd to occur . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 needed
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggested
3 suggested 4 that
4 that 7 surgery
4 that 38 needed
5 the 7 surgery
6 peripheral 7 surgery
7 surgery 8 was
8 was 9 able
9 able 10 to
9 able 11 induce
10 to 11 induce
11 induce 13 impairment
12 cognitive 13 impairment
14 independent 15 of
14 independent 19 and
15 of 17 anesthesia
16 general 17 anesthesia
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 that
19 and 35 aβ
21 the 22 combination
22 combination 23 of
22 combination 29 or
23 of 25 surgery
24 peripheral 25 surgery
25 surgery 26 with
26 with 27 aging
28 - 29 or
29 or 32 mutation
29 or 33 -
29 or 34 associated
30 alzheimer 31 gene
31 gene 32 mutation
34 associated 35 aβ
35 aβ 36 accumulation
35 aβ 37 was
35 aβ 38 needed
36 accumulation 37 was
38 needed 39 for
38 needed 42 to
38 needed 44 .
39 for 41 pocd
40 the 41 pocd
42 to 43 occur

these findings would likely promote more research to investigate the pathogenesis of pocd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 would
3 would 5 promote
4 likely 5 promote
5 promote 7 research
5 promote 8 to
6 more 7 research
8 to 9 investigate
9 investigate 11 pathogenesis
10 the 11 pathogenesis
11 pathogenesis 12 of
12 of 13 pocd

forehead cooling activates the sympathetic nervous system and can trigger angina pectoris in susceptible individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 forehead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 forehead 2 cooling
1 forehead 8 and
3 activates 7 system
3 activates 8 and
4 the 7 system
5 sympathetic 7 system
6 nervous 7 system
8 and 9 can
9 can 10 trigger
10 trigger 12 pectoris
10 trigger 13 in
11 angina 12 pectoris
13 in 15 individuals
14 susceptible 15 individuals

however , the effect of forehead cooling on coronary blood flow velocity ( cbv ) is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 16 is
5 of 7 cooling
6 forehead 7 cooling
7 cooling 8 on
7 cooling 14 cbv
8 on 12 velocity
9 coronary 10 blood
10 blood 12 velocity
11 flow 12 velocity
13 ( 14 cbv
14 cbv 15 )
16 is 17 not
16 is 18 well
18 well 19 understood

in this human experiment , we tested the hypotheses that forehead cooling reduces cbv ( i.e [.] , coronary vasoconstriction ) and that this vasoconstrictor effect would be enhanced under systemic β - adrenergic blockade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 in 4 experiment
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 this 4 experiment
3 human 4 experiment
6 we 7 tested
7 tested 9 hypotheses
7 tested 30 under
8 the 9 hypotheses
9 hypotheses 22 and
10 that 12 cooling
10 that 13 reduces
10 that 22 and
11 forehead 12 cooling
12 cooling 13 reduces
13 reduces 14 cbv
14 cbv 20 vasoconstriction
15 ( 20 vasoconstriction
16 i.e 18 ,
16 i.e 19 coronary
19 coronary 20 vasoconstriction
20 vasoconstriction 21 )
22 and 23 that
23 that 26 effect
23 that 29 enhanced
24 this 26 effect
25 vasoconstrictor 26 effect
26 effect 27 would
27 would 28 be
28 be 29 enhanced
30 under 32 β
31 systemic 32 β
33 - 35 blockade
33 - 36 .
34 adrenergic 35 blockade

a total of 30 healthy subjects ( age range , 23 - 79 years ) underwent doppler echocardiography [evaluation] of cbv in response to 60 s of forehead cooling ( 1 [°c] ice bag [on] forehead ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 16 underwent
3 of 6 subjects
4 30 6 subjects
5 healthy 6 subjects
6 subjects 9 range
6 subjects 14 years
7 ( 9 range
8 age 9 range
9 range 10 ,
10 , 14 years
11 23 12 -
12 - 13 79
12 - 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 underwent 18 echocardiography
16 underwent 23 response
16 underwent 24 to
17 doppler 18 echocardiography
18 echocardiography 20 of
20 of 21 cbv
22 in 23 response
24 to 26 s
25 60 26 s
26 s 27 of
27 of 29 cooling
28 forehead 29 cooling
29 cooling 36 forehead
30 ( 36 forehead
31 1 36 forehead
33 ice 36 forehead
34 bag 36 forehead
36 forehead 37 )

a subset of subjects ( n = 10 ) also underwent the procedures after an intravenous infusion of propranolol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 subset
2 subset 3 of
2 subset 11 underwent
3 of 4 subjects
4 subjects 7 =
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 10
7 = 9 )
10 also 11 underwent
11 underwent 13 procedures
11 underwent 14 after
12 the 13 procedures
14 after 17 infusion
15 an 16 intravenous
15 an 17 infusion
16 intravenous 17 infusion
17 infusion 18 of
18 of 19 propranolol

rate pressure [product] ( rpp ) was used as an index of myocardial oxygen demand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 rate 2 pressure
2 pressure 5 rpp
2 pressure 7 was
4 ( 5 rpp
5 rpp 6 )
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 as
9 as 11 index
10 an 11 index
11 index 12 of
12 of 15 demand
13 myocardial 14 oxygen
14 oxygen 15 demand

consistent with our first hypothesis , forehead cooling reduced cbv from 19.5 ± 0.7 to 17.5 ± 0.8 cm/s ( p < 0.001 ) , whereas mean arterial pressure increased by 11 ± 2 mmhg ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 cbv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ±
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 6 ,
1 consistent 10 cbv
2 with 5 hypothesis
3 our 5 hypothesis
4 first 5 hypothesis
7 forehead 8 cooling
8 cooling 10 cbv
9 reduced 10 cbv
10 cbv 11 from
10 cbv 13 ±
11 from 12 19.5
13 ± 19 cm/s
13 ± 22 <
13 ± 26 whereas
14 0.7 15 to
15 to 16 17.5
15 to 19 cm/s
17 ± 19 cm/s
18 0.8 19 cm/s
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.001
22 < 24 )
25 , 26 whereas
26 whereas 29 pressure
26 whereas 30 increased
26 whereas 41 .
27 mean 29 pressure
28 arterial 29 pressure
29 pressure 30 increased
30 increased 31 by
30 increased 38 <
31 by 33 ±
32 11 33 ±
34 2 35 mmhg
35 mmhg 38 <
36 ( 38 <
37 p 38 <
38 < 39 0.001
38 < 40 )

consistent with our second hypothesis , forehead cooling reduced cbv under propranolol despite a significant rise in rpp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cooling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 6 ,
1 consistent 8 cooling
2 with 5 hypothesis
3 our 5 hypothesis
4 second 5 hypothesis
7 forehead 8 cooling
8 cooling 9 reduced
9 reduced 10 cbv
9 reduced 11 under
9 reduced 13 despite
9 reduced 17 in
11 under 12 propranolol
13 despite 16 rise
14 a 15 significant
14 a 16 rise
15 significant 16 rise
17 in 18 rpp

the current studies indicate that forehead cooling elicits a sympathetically mediated pressor response and a reduction in cbv , and this effect is augmented under β - blockade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 current
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 elicits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 current
2 current 7 cooling
2 current 8 elicits
3 studies 4 indicate
4 indicate 6 forehead
4 indicate 7 cooling
5 that 6 forehead
6 forehead 7 cooling
8 elicits 14 and
9 a 13 response
10 sympathetically 11 mediated
11 mediated 12 pressor
12 pressor 13 response
13 response 14 and
14 and 28 blockade
15 a 16 reduction
16 reduction 17 in
16 reduction 20 and
17 in 18 cbv
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 this
20 and 22 effect
20 and 25 under
20 and 28 blockade
22 effect 23 is
23 is 24 augmented
24 augmented 25 under
26 β 27 -
26 β 28 blockade

the results are consistent with sympathetic activation of β - receptor coronary vasodilation in humans , as [has] [been] demonstrated in animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
4 consistent 21 in
5 with 7 activation
6 sympathetic 7 activation
7 activation 8 of
8 of 13 vasodilation
9 β 10 -
9 β 11 receptor
11 receptor 13 vasodilation
12 coronary 13 vasodilation
13 vasodilation 14 in
13 vasodilation 20 demonstrated
14 in 15 humans
16 , 20 demonstrated
17 as 20 demonstrated
21 in 22 animals

septal systolic motion is towards the left ventricle ( lv ) in healthy hearts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 motion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 septal 3 motion
2 systolic 3 motion
3 motion 4 is
4 is 5 towards
4 is 12 in
5 towards 8 ventricle
6 the 8 ventricle
7 left 8 ventricle
8 ventricle 10 lv
9 ( 10 lv
10 lv 11 )
12 in 14 hearts
13 healthy 14 hearts

patients with pulmonary regurgitation ( pr ) and right [ventricular] ( rv ) volume overload [have] systolic septal motion toward the rv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 overload
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 8 and
2 with 4 regurgitation
3 pulmonary 4 regurgitation
4 regurgitation 6 pr
5 ( 6 pr
6 pr 7 )
8 and 14 volume
8 and 15 overload
9 right 12 rv
9 right 14 volume
11 ( 12 rv
12 rv 13 )
15 overload 19 motion
15 overload 20 toward
17 systolic 19 motion
18 septal 19 motion
20 toward 22 rv
21 the 22 rv

this may affect the longitudinal contribution from atrioventricular plane displacement ( avpd ) and septal and lateral contribution to stroke volume ( sv ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 may
2 may 3 affect
3 affect 14 and
3 affect 19 to
4 the 6 contribution
5 longitudinal 6 contribution
6 contribution 7 from
6 contribution 14 and
7 from 10 displacement
8 atrioventricular 9 plane
9 plane 10 displacement
10 displacement 12 avpd
11 ( 12 avpd
12 avpd 13 )
14 and 18 contribution
15 septal 16 and
16 and 17 lateral
16 and 18 contribution
19 to 20 stroke
20 stroke 21 volume
21 volume 23 sv
22 ( 23 sv
23 sv 24 )

the study aimed to quantify these contributions to sv in patients with pr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 quantify
4 to 5 quantify
5 quantify 7 contributions
5 quantify 8 to
5 quantify 10 in
5 quantify 12 with
6 these 7 contributions
8 to 9 sv
10 in 11 patients
12 with 13 pr

cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used for assessment of cardiac volumes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 cardiac 3 resonance
2 magnetic 3 resonance
3 resonance 4 imaging
4 imaging 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 for
7 for 8 assessment
8 assessment 9 of
9 of 11 volumes
10 cardiac 11 volumes

patients [(] n = 30 ; age 9 - 59 yr ) with pr due to surgically corrected tetralogy of fallot and 54 healthy controls ( age 10 - 66 yr ) were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 patients 4 =
3 n 4 =
4 = 5 30
6 ; 7 age
6 ; 22 and
7 age 8 9
7 age 13 with
8 9 11 yr
9 - 11 yr
10 59 11 yr
11 yr 12 )
13 with 14 pr
14 pr 15 due
14 pr 20 of
15 due 16 to
16 to 19 tetralogy
17 surgically 18 corrected
18 corrected 19 tetralogy
20 of 21 fallot
22 and 25 controls
22 and 34 studied
23 54 25 controls
24 healthy 25 controls
25 controls 27 age
25 controls 31 yr
25 controls 33 were
26 ( 27 age
27 age 28 10
27 age 29 -
29 - 31 yr
30 66 31 yr
31 yr 32 )
33 were 34 studied

longitudinal [contribution] to rvsv was [47] ± 2 % ( means ± se ) in patients with pr and 79 ± 1 % in controls ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 longitudinal 3 to
1 longitudinal 5 was
3 to 4 rvsv
5 was 7 ±
7 ± 9 %
7 ± 15 in
7 ± 28 <
8 2 9 %
9 % 13 se
10 ( 13 se
11 means 13 se
12 ± 13 se
13 se 14 )
15 in 19 and
16 patients 17 with
16 patients 19 and
17 with 18 pr
19 and 25 controls
20 79 25 controls
21 ± 25 controls
22 1 24 in
23 % 24 in
24 in 25 controls
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001
28 < 30 )

lateral contribution [to] rvsv and lvsv was 40 ± 1 and 62 ± 2 % in patients and 31 ± 1 and 36 ± 1 % in controls ( p < 0.001 for both [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 lvsv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 )(
1 lateral 2 contribution
2 contribution 6 lvsv
4 rvsv 5 and
5 and 6 lvsv
6 lvsv 7 was
7 was 18 and
8 40 18 and
9 ± 10 1
9 ± 11 and
11 and 17 patients
11 and 18 and
12 62 17 patients
13 ± 17 patients
14 2 16 in
15 % 16 in
16 in 17 patients
18 and 20 ±
19 31 20 ±
20 ± 21 1
22 and 23 36
22 and 24 ±
23 36 24 ±
24 ± 26 %
25 1 26 %
26 % 27 in
26 % 33 for
27 in 28 controls
28 controls 31 <
29 ( 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.001
33 for 34 both

septal motion contributed to rvsv by 8 ± 1 % in patients and by 7 ± 1 % to lvsv in controls ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 motion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 septal 2 motion
2 motion 3 contributed
3 contributed 13 and
3 contributed 18 %
3 contributed 25 <
4 to 5 rvsv
4 to 13 and
5 rvsv 6 by
6 by 12 patients
7 8 12 patients
8 ± 12 patients
9 1 11 in
10 % 11 in
11 in 12 patients
13 and 14 by
14 by 16 ±
15 7 16 ±
17 1 18 %
18 % 19 to
18 % 21 in
19 to 20 lvsv
21 in 22 controls
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.001
25 < 27 )

pr patients have decreased longitudinal [contribution] to rvsv and increased lateral pumping , resulting in larger outer volume changes and septal motion towards the rv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 pr 2 patients
2 patients 9 and
2 patients 12 pumping
2 patients 13 ,
3 have 4 decreased
3 have 9 and
4 decreased 5 longitudinal
5 longitudinal 7 to
7 to 8 rvsv
9 and 10 increased
10 increased 11 lateral
13 , 14 resulting
13 , 20 and
14 resulting 15 in
15 in 19 changes
16 larger 18 volume
17 outer 18 volume
18 volume 19 changes
20 and 22 motion
20 and 23 towards
21 septal 22 motion
23 towards 25 rv
24 the 25 rv

the changes in rv pumping physiology may be explained by rv remodeling resulting in lower systolic inflow of blood into the right atrium in relation to sv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 changes
2 changes 3 in
2 changes 5 pumping
2 changes 7 may
3 in 4 rv
5 pumping 6 physiology
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 explained
9 explained 10 by
9 explained 20 into
9 explained 24 in
9 explained 26 to
10 by 11 rv
11 rv 12 remodeling
11 rv 14 in
11 rv 18 of
12 remodeling 13 resulting
14 in 17 inflow
15 lower 17 inflow
16 systolic 17 inflow
18 of 19 blood
20 into 23 atrium
21 the 23 atrium
22 right 23 atrium
24 in 25 relation
26 to 27 sv

this avoids the development of pendulum volume between the caval veins and right atrium , which would occur in pr patients if longitudinal contribution [to] sv was preserved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 avoids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 avoids
2 avoids 4 development
2 avoids 8 between
3 the 4 development
4 development 5 of
5 of 7 volume
6 pendulum 7 volume
8 between 12 and
9 the 11 veins
10 caval 11 veins
11 veins 12 and
12 and 14 atrium
13 right 14 atrium
15 , 16 which
15 , 18 occur
16 which 17 would
17 would 18 occur
18 occur 19 in
18 occur 22 if
19 in 21 patients
20 pr 21 patients
22 if 26 sv
22 if 28 preserved
23 longitudinal 24 contribution
24 contribution 26 sv
26 sv 27 was
27 was 28 preserved

decreased avpd suggests that tricuspid annular excursion , a marker of rv [function] , is less valid in these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 avpd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 decreased 2 avpd
2 avpd 3 suggests
3 suggests 7 excursion
3 suggests 15 is
4 that 7 excursion
5 tricuspid 7 excursion
6 annular 7 excursion
7 excursion 10 marker
7 excursion 15 is
8 , 10 marker
9 a 10 marker
10 marker 11 of
10 marker 14 ,
11 of 12 rv
15 is 17 valid
16 less 17 valid
17 valid 18 in
18 in 20 patients
19 these 20 patients

to increase our understanding of psoriasis , we used high - throughput complementary dna sequencing ( rna - seq ) to assay the transcriptomes of lesional psoriatic and normal skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 assay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 to 2 increase
2 increase 4 understanding
3 our 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
5 of 6 psoriasis
7 , 8 we
7 , 9 used
8 we 9 used
9 used 15 sequencing
9 used 21 to
10 high 11 -
10 high 15 sequencing
12 throughput 15 sequencing
13 complementary 15 sequencing
14 dna 15 sequencing
15 sequencing 17 rna
16 ( 17 rna
17 rna 19 seq
17 rna 20 )
18 - 19 seq
19 seq 20 )
21 to 22 assay
22 assay 24 transcriptomes
23 the 24 transcriptomes
24 transcriptomes 25 of
25 of 30 skin
26 lesional 30 skin
27 psoriatic 28 and
28 and 29 normal
28 and 30 skin

we sequenced polyadenylated rna - derived complementary dnas from 92 [psoriatic] and 82 normal punch biopsies , generating an average of ∼38 [million] single - end 80 [-] [bp] reads per sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 biopsies
1 we 2 sequenced
2 sequenced 4 rna
3 polyadenylated 4 rna
5 - 8 dnas
6 derived 8 dnas
7 complementary 8 dnas
8 dnas 12 and
8 dnas 15 punch
8 dnas 16 biopsies
9 from 12 and
10 92 12 and
12 and 13 82
14 normal 15 punch
15 punch 16 biopsies
16 biopsies 18 generating
17 , 18 generating
18 generating 20 average
18 generating 33 .
19 an 20 average
20 average 21 of
20 average 31 per
21 of 22 ∼38
22 ∼38 26 end
22 ∼38 30 reads
24 single 25 -
24 single 26 end
26 end 27 80
26 end 30 reads
31 per 32 sample

comparison of 42 samples examined by both rna - seq and microarray revealed marked differences in sensitivity , with transcripts identified only by rna - seq having much lower expression than those also identified [by] microarray . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examined
1 comparison 2 of
1 comparison 5 examined
2 of 4 samples
3 42 4 samples
5 examined 6 by
5 examined 8 rna
5 examined 14 marked
6 by 7 both
8 rna 14 marked
9 - 13 revealed
10 seq 11 and
11 and 12 microarray
11 and 13 revealed
13 revealed 14 marked
14 marked 15 differences
15 differences 16 in
15 differences 19 with
16 in 17 sensitivity
18 , 19 with
19 with 20 transcripts
19 with 37 .
20 transcripts 21 identified
21 identified 22 only
21 identified 23 by
23 by 24 rna
24 rna 26 seq
25 - 26 seq
26 seq 27 having
26 seq 37 .
27 having 30 expression
27 having 31 than
28 much 30 expression
29 lower 30 expression
31 than 32 those
31 than 34 identified
31 than 36 microarray
32 those 34 identified
33 also 34 identified

rna - seq identified many more differentially expressed transcripts enriched in immune system processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seq
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 rna 2 -
1 rna 3 seq
3 seq 4 identified
4 identified 9 transcripts
4 identified 11 in
5 many 6 more
6 more 9 transcripts
7 differentially 8 expressed
8 expressed 9 transcripts
9 transcripts 10 enriched
11 in 14 processes
12 immune 13 system
13 system 14 processes

weighted gene coexpression network analysis ( wgcna ) revealed multiple modules of coordinately expressed epidermal differentiation genes , overlapping significantly with genes regulated by the long noncoding rna tincr , its target gene , staufen - 1 ( stau1 ) , the p63 target gene znf750 , and its target klf4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
1 weighted 5 analysis
2 gene 5 analysis
3 coexpression 4 network
4 network 5 analysis
5 analysis 7 wgcna
5 analysis 9 revealed
6 ( 7 wgcna
7 wgcna 8 )
9 revealed 11 modules
9 revealed 35 staufen
10 multiple 11 modules
11 modules 12 of
11 modules 35 staufen
12 of 17 genes
13 coordinately 14 expressed
14 expressed 16 differentiation
15 epidermal 16 differentiation
16 differentiation 17 genes
17 genes 19 overlapping
18 , 19 overlapping
19 overlapping 20 significantly
19 overlapping 21 with
19 overlapping 34 ,
21 with 22 genes
21 with 29 tincr
22 genes 23 regulated
22 genes 24 by
24 by 27 noncoding
25 the 27 noncoding
26 long 27 noncoding
28 rna 29 tincr
29 tincr 33 gene
30 , 33 gene
31 its 33 gene
32 target 33 gene
33 gene 34 ,
35 staufen 37 1
36 - 37 1
37 1 39 stau1
37 1 48 and
38 ( 39 stau1
39 stau1 40 )
41 , 48 and
42 the 45 gene
43 p63 45 gene
44 target 45 gene
45 gene 46 znf750
46 znf750 48 and
47 , 48 and
48 and 51 klf4
48 and 52 .
49 its 50 target
50 target 51 klf4

other coordinately expressed modules were enriched for lymphoid [and/or] myeloid signature transcripts and genes induced by il - 17 in keratinocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modules
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 enriched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 other 4 modules
2 coordinately 3 expressed
3 expressed 4 modules
4 modules 5 were
5 were 6 enriched
6 enriched 7 for
6 enriched 16 by
7 for 13 and
8 lymphoid 11 signature
10 myeloid 11 signature
11 signature 12 transcripts
12 transcripts 13 and
13 and 14 genes
13 and 15 induced
16 by 21 keratinocytes
17 il 21 keratinocytes
18 - 19 17
19 17 20 in
20 in 21 keratinocytes

dermally expressed genes were significantly downregulated [in] [psoriatic] [biopsies] , most likely because of expansion of the epidermal compartment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 downregulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 dermally 2 expressed
2 expressed 3 genes
3 genes 4 were
4 were 5 significantly
4 were 6 downregulated
6 downregulated 10 ,
6 downregulated 12 likely
11 most 12 likely
12 likely 13 because
13 because 14 of
14 of 15 expansion
15 expansion 16 of
16 of 19 compartment
17 the 19 compartment
18 epidermal 19 compartment

these results show the power of wgcna to elucidate gene regulatory circuits in psoriasis , and emphasize the influence of tissue architecture in both differential expression and coexpression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 5 power
3 show 8 to
4 the 5 power
5 power 6 of
6 of 7 wgcna
8 to 16 and
9 elucidate 12 circuits
9 elucidate 13 in
9 elucidate 16 and
10 gene 12 circuits
11 regulatory 12 circuits
13 in 14 psoriasis
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 emphasize
16 and 23 in
16 and 29 analysis
17 emphasize 19 influence
18 the 19 influence
19 influence 20 of
20 of 22 architecture
21 tissue 22 architecture
23 in 27 and
24 both 27 and
25 differential 26 expression
26 expression 27 and
27 and 28 coexpression

[none] coronary heart disease ( chd ) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 coronary 3 heart
3 heart 4 disease
4 disease 6 chd
4 disease 8 is
5 ( 6 chd
6 chd 7 )
8 is 11 cause
8 is 16 in
9 the 11 cause
10 leading 11 cause
11 cause 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 morbidity 14 and
14 and 15 mortality
16 in 19 world
17 the 19 world
18 western 19 world

primary and secondary prevention strategies have improved tremendously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 primary 2 and
2 and 3 secondary
2 and 4 prevention
4 prevention 5 strategies
5 strategies 6 have
6 have 7 improved
7 improved 8 tremendously

conventional risk factors are identified and treated with intensive pharmacotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 conventional 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 are
4 are 6 and
5 identified 6 and
6 and 7 treated
6 and 8 with
8 with 10 pharmacotherapy
9 intensive 10 pharmacotherapy

despite these measures , the incidence of chd is on the rise in developed countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 despite 3 measures
1 despite 4 ,
1 despite 6 incidence
2 these 3 measures
5 the 6 incidence
6 incidence 7 of
6 incidence 9 is
7 of 8 chd
9 is 10 on
9 is 13 in
10 on 12 rise
11 the 12 rise
13 in 15 countries
14 developed 15 countries

arterial stiffness has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development of chd , both in the general population and in those with established chd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stiffness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 arterial 2 stiffness
2 stiffness 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 identified
5 identified 6 as
6 as 10 factor
7 an 10 factor
8 independent 10 factor
9 risk 10 factor
10 factor 11 for
10 factor 14 of
11 for 13 development
12 the 13 development
14 of 15 chd
16 , 17 both
17 both 22 and
18 in 21 population
18 in 22 and
19 the 21 population
20 general 21 population
22 and 23 in
23 in 24 those
24 those 25 with
25 with 27 chd
26 established 27 chd

this review examines the association of arterial stiffness with cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 examines
3 examines 5 association
3 examines 9 with
4 the 5 association
5 association 6 of
6 of 8 stiffness
7 arterial 8 stiffness
9 with 11 disease
10 cardiovascular 11 disease

the protein deacetylase sirt1 regulates various pathways in metabolism , aging and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 deacetylase
2 protein 3 deacetylase
3 deacetylase 4 sirt1
4 sirt1 5 regulates
5 regulates 7 pathways
5 regulates 8 in
6 various 7 pathways
8 in 12 and
9 metabolism 10 ,
10 , 11 aging
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 cancer

however , the role of sirt1 in skin cancer remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 10 remains
5 of 6 sirt1
6 sirt1 7 in
7 in 9 cancer
8 skin 9 cancer
10 remains 11 unclear

here , using mice with targeted deletions of sirt1 in their epidermis in both resistant b6 and sensitive skh1 hairless backgrounds , we show that the role of sirt1 in skin cancer development induced by ultraviolet [b] ( uvb ) radiation is dependent on its gene dose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 here 23 we
2 , 3 using
3 using 4 mice
3 using 13 in
3 using 22 ,
3 using 23 we
4 mice 5 with
4 mice 8 of
4 mice 10 in
5 with 7 deletions
6 targeted 7 deletions
8 of 9 sirt1
10 in 12 epidermis
11 their 12 epidermis
13 in 21 backgrounds
14 both 17 and
15 resistant 16 b6
16 b6 17 and
17 and 19 skh1
17 and 21 backgrounds
18 sensitive 19 skh1
20 hairless 21 backgrounds
23 we 24 show
24 show 25 that
24 show 27 role
24 show 42 is
26 the 27 role
27 role 28 of
27 role 30 in
27 role 34 induced
27 role 42 is
28 of 29 sirt1
30 in 33 development
31 skin 33 development
32 cancer 33 development
34 induced 35 by
35 by 41 radiation
36 ultraviolet 39 uvb
36 ultraviolet 41 radiation
38 ( 39 uvb
39 uvb 40 )
42 is 43 dependent
43 dependent 44 on
44 on 47 dose
45 its 47 dose
46 gene 47 dose

keratinocyte - specific heterozygous deletion of sirt1 promotes uvb - induced skin tumorigenesis , whereas homozygous deletion of sirt1 suppresses skin tumor development but sensitizes the b6 mice to chronic solar injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 deletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 promotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 keratinocyte 2 -
1 keratinocyte 5 deletion
3 specific 5 deletion
4 heterozygous 5 deletion
5 deletion 6 of
5 deletion 8 promotes
6 of 7 sirt1
8 promotes 9 uvb
8 promotes 15 whereas
9 uvb 13 tumorigenesis
10 - 13 tumorigenesis
11 induced 12 skin
12 skin 13 tumorigenesis
13 tumorigenesis 14 ,
15 whereas 17 deletion
15 whereas 24 but
16 homozygous 17 deletion
17 deletion 18 of
17 deletion 24 but
18 of 19 sirt1
20 suppresses 23 development
20 suppresses 24 but
21 skin 23 development
22 tumor 23 development
24 but 25 sensitizes
25 sensitizes 28 mice
25 sensitizes 29 to
26 the 28 mice
27 b6 28 mice
29 to 32 injury
30 chronic 32 injury
31 solar 32 injury

in mouse skin , sirt1 is haploinsufficient for uvb - induced dna damage repair and expression of xeroderma pigmentosum c ( xpc ) , a protein critical for repairing uvb - induced dna damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 skin
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 sirt1
2 mouse 3 skin
5 sirt1 6 is
6 is 7 haploinsufficient
7 haploinsufficient 8 for
8 for 9 uvb
10 - 15 and
10 - 32 induced
11 induced 13 damage
12 dna 13 damage
13 damage 14 repair
14 repair 15 and
15 and 16 expression
15 and 17 of
15 and 32 induced
17 of 19 pigmentosum
18 xeroderma 19 pigmentosum
19 pigmentosum 20 c
19 pigmentosum 22 xpc
19 pigmentosum 26 protein
21 ( 22 xpc
22 xpc 23 )
24 , 26 protein
25 a 26 protein
26 protein 27 critical
26 protein 31 -
27 critical 28 for
28 for 29 repairing
29 repairing 30 uvb
32 induced 34 damage
33 dna 34 damage

as compared with normal human skin , downregulation of sirt1 is in parallel [with] downregulation of xpc in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at both the protein and mrna levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 downregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 as 2 compared
1 as 7 ,
1 as 8 downregulation
2 compared 3 with
3 with 6 skin
4 normal 6 skin
5 human 6 skin
8 downregulation 9 of
8 downregulation 11 is
9 of 10 sirt1
11 is 12 in
12 in 15 downregulation
13 parallel 15 downregulation
15 downregulation 16 of
16 of 17 xpc
17 xpc 18 in
18 in 23 carcinoma
19 human 23 carcinoma
20 cutaneous 22 cell
21 squamous 22 cell
22 cell 23 carcinoma
23 carcinoma 24 at
24 at 28 and
25 both 28 and
26 the 27 protein
27 protein 28 and
28 and 30 levels
29 mrna 30 levels

in contrast , homozygous sirt1 deletion in mouse skin augments p53 acetylation and expression of its transcriptional target noxa , and sensitizes the epidermis to uvb - induced apoptosis in vivo , while heterozygous sirt1 deletion has no such effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 6 deletion
2 contrast 28 induced
3 , 6 deletion
4 homozygous 6 deletion
5 sirt1 6 deletion
6 deletion 7 in
6 deletion 27 -
7 in 9 skin
8 mouse 9 skin
9 skin 21 and
10 augments 13 and
10 augments 21 and
11 p53 12 acetylation
12 acetylation 13 and
13 and 14 expression
13 and 20 ,
14 expression 15 of
15 of 19 noxa
16 its 18 target
17 transcriptional 18 target
18 target 19 noxa
21 and 22 sensitizes
21 and 24 epidermis
21 and 25 to
23 the 24 epidermis
25 to 26 uvb
28 induced 29 apoptosis
28 induced 31 vivo
30 in 31 vivo
32 , 36 deletion
32 , 37 has
33 while 34 heterozygous
33 while 36 deletion
35 sirt1 36 deletion
36 deletion 37 has
37 has 40 effect
38 no 39 such
39 such 40 effect

the gene dosage [-] dependent function of sirt1 in dna repair and cell survival is consistent with the dual roles of sirt1 in uvb - induced skin tumorigenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
1 the 6 function
2 gene 6 function
3 dosage 6 function
5 dependent 6 function
6 function 7 of
6 function 9 in
6 function 15 is
7 of 8 sirt1
9 in 12 and
10 dna 11 repair
11 repair 12 and
12 and 14 survival
13 cell 14 survival
15 is 16 consistent
16 consistent 17 with
17 with 20 roles
18 the 20 roles
19 dual 20 roles
20 roles 21 of
21 of 22 sirt1
22 sirt1 23 in
23 in 24 uvb
24 uvb 28 tumorigenesis
25 - 28 tumorigenesis
26 induced 27 skin
27 skin 28 tumorigenesis
28 tumorigenesis 29 .

our results reveal the gene dosage [-] dependent in [vivo] functions of sirt1 in skin tumorigenesis and may shed light on the role of sirt1 in epithelial cancer induced by dna damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 17 and
3 reveal 6 dosage
3 reveal 9 in
3 reveal 17 and
4 the 6 dosage
5 gene 6 dosage
6 dosage 8 dependent
9 in 11 functions
11 functions 12 of
12 of 13 sirt1
13 sirt1 14 in
14 in 16 tumorigenesis
15 skin 16 tumorigenesis
17 and 18 may
18 may 19 shed
19 shed 20 light
19 shed 21 on
19 shed 26 in
21 on 23 role
22 the 23 role
23 role 24 of
24 of 25 sirt1
26 in 28 cancer
27 epithelial 28 cancer
28 cancer 29 induced
28 cancer 30 by
30 by 32 damage
31 dna 32 damage

influenza virus and streptococcus pneumoniae are two major pathogens that lead to significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pneumoniae
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 influenza 2 virus
2 virus 3 and
3 and 4 streptococcus
3 and 5 pneumoniae
5 pneumoniae 6 are
6 are 9 pathogens
7 two 9 pathogens
8 major 9 pathogens
9 pathogens 10 that
9 pathogens 11 lead
10 that 11 lead
11 lead 12 to
11 lead 17 in
12 to 15 and
13 significant 14 morbidity
14 morbidity 15 and
15 and 16 mortality
17 in 19 elderly
18 the 19 elderly

since both pathogens enter the host via the mucosa , especially the upper respiratory tract ( urt ) , it is essential to elicit pathogen [-] specific secretory iga ( siga ) [antibody] ( ab ) responses at mucosal surfaces for defense of the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 elicit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 since 3 pathogens
1 since 4 enter
1 since 20 it
2 both 3 pathogens
3 pathogens 4 enter
4 enter 6 host
5 the 6 host
6 host 7 via
7 via 9 mucosa
8 the 9 mucosa
9 mucosa 15 tract
10 , 11 especially
10 , 15 tract
12 the 15 tract
13 upper 15 tract
14 respiratory 15 tract
15 tract 17 urt
15 tract 19 ,
16 ( 17 urt
17 urt 18 )
20 it 21 is
21 is 22 essential
22 essential 23 to
22 essential 24 elicit
23 to 24 elicit
24 elicit 37 responses
24 elicit 41 for
25 pathogen 37 responses
27 specific 37 responses
28 secretory 37 responses
29 iga 31 siga
29 iga 35 ab
29 iga 37 responses
30 ( 31 siga
31 siga 32 )
34 ( 35 ab
35 ab 36 )
37 responses 38 at
38 at 40 surfaces
39 mucosal 40 surfaces
41 for 42 defense
42 defense 43 of
43 of 45 elderly
44 the 45 elderly

however , as aging occurs , alterations in the mucosal immune system of older individuals result in a failure to induce siga abs for protection from these infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 alterations
2 , 3 as
3 as 4 aging
3 as 5 occurs
3 as 6 ,
3 as 7 alterations
4 aging 5 occurs
7 alterations 8 in
7 alterations 16 result
8 in 12 system
9 the 12 system
10 mucosal 12 system
11 immune 12 system
12 system 13 of
13 of 15 individuals
14 older 15 individuals
16 result 17 in
17 in 19 failure
18 a 19 failure
19 failure 20 to
19 failure 21 induce
20 to 21 induce
21 induce 23 abs
22 siga 23 abs
23 abs 24 for
24 for 25 protection
25 protection 26 from
26 from 28 infections
27 these 28 infections

to overcome mucosal immunosenescence , we have developed a mucosal dendritic cell targeting [,] novel double adjuvant system which we show to be an attractive and effective immunological modulator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 overcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 to 2 overcome
2 overcome 4 immunosenescence
3 mucosal 4 immunosenescence
5 , 6 we
5 , 8 developed
6 we 7 have
7 have 8 developed
8 developed 18 system
8 developed 22 to
9 a 10 mucosal
9 a 18 system
10 mucosal 12 cell
11 dendritic 12 cell
12 cell 16 double
13 targeting 16 double
15 novel 16 double
16 double 18 system
17 adjuvant 18 system
18 system 19 which
18 system 21 show
19 which 20 we
19 which 21 show
20 we 21 show
22 to 23 be
23 be 29 modulator
24 an 29 modulator
25 attractive 26 and
26 and 27 effective
26 and 29 modulator
28 immunological 29 modulator

this system induces a more balanced th1 - and th2 - type cytokine response which supports both mucosal siga and systemic igg1 and igg2a ab responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 system
2 system 3 induces
3 induces 14 response
4 a 14 response
5 more 6 balanced
6 balanced 12 type
7 th1 9 and
8 - 9 and
9 and 10 th2
9 and 11 -
9 and 12 type
12 type 14 response
13 cytokine 14 response
14 response 15 which
14 response 16 supports
15 which 16 supports
16 supports 20 and
17 both 19 siga
18 mucosal 19 siga
19 siga 20 and
20 and 26 responses
21 systemic 26 responses
22 igg1 23 and
23 and 24 igg2a
24 igg2a 25 ab
25 ab 26 responses

thus , adaptation of this adjuvant system to nasal vaccines for influenza virus and s [.] pneumoniae could successfully provide protection by supporting pathogen [-] specific siga ab responses in the urt in the mouse model of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 pneumoniae
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 17 pneumoniae
3 adaptation 4 of
3 adaptation 14 and
4 of 7 system
5 this 7 system
6 adjuvant 7 system
7 system 8 to
7 system 11 for
8 to 10 vaccines
9 nasal 10 vaccines
11 for 13 virus
12 influenza 13 virus
14 and 15 s
14 and 17 pneumoniae
17 pneumoniae 18 could
18 could 20 provide
19 successfully 20 provide
20 provide 21 protection
20 provide 30 in
21 protection 22 by
22 by 23 supporting
23 supporting 29 responses
24 pathogen 29 responses
26 specific 29 responses
27 siga 28 ab
28 ab 29 responses
30 in 32 urt
31 the 32 urt
32 urt 33 in
32 urt 37 of
33 in 36 model
34 the 36 model
35 mouse 36 model
37 of 38 aging

in summary , a double adjuvant system is considered to be an attractive and potentially important strategy for the future development of mucosal vaccines for the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 summary
3 , 7 system
3 , 9 considered
4 a 5 double
4 a 7 system
5 double 7 system
6 adjuvant 7 system
7 system 8 is
8 is 9 considered
9 considered 10 to
9 considered 11 be
10 to 11 be
11 be 21 development
12 an 21 development
13 attractive 14 and
14 and 17 strategy
14 and 18 for
14 and 21 development
15 potentially 16 important
16 important 17 strategy
18 for 20 future
19 the 20 future
21 development 22 of
22 of 24 vaccines
23 mucosal 24 vaccines
24 vaccines 25 for
25 for 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly

background : androgen [receptor] ( ar ) signalling contributes to male predominance in hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) , which is more pronounced in hbv - endemic areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 8 signalling
2 : 9 contributes
3 androgen 8 signalling
5 ( 6 ar
6 ar 7 )
6 ar 8 signalling
8 signalling 9 contributes
9 contributes 10 to
9 contributes 13 in
9 contributes 28 areas
10 to 12 predominance
11 male 12 predominance
13 in 15 carcinoma
14 hepatocellular 15 carcinoma
15 carcinoma 17 hcc
15 carcinoma 20 which
16 ( 17 hcc
17 hcc 18 )
19 , 20 which
20 which 21 is
20 which 26 -
21 is 22 more
21 is 23 pronounced
23 pronounced 24 in
24 in 25 hbv
27 endemic 28 areas

cell [cycle] - related kinase [(] ccrk ) is essential for ar - induced hepatocarcinogenesis but its molecular function in hbv - associated hcc remains obscure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 cell 7 ccrk
1 cell 9 is
3 - 7 ccrk
4 related 5 kinase
5 kinase 7 ccrk
7 ccrk 8 )
9 is 10 essential
10 essential 11 for
11 for 12 ar
12 ar 15 hepatocarcinogenesis
13 - 15 hepatocarcinogenesis
14 induced 15 hepatocarcinogenesis
15 hepatocarcinogenesis 16 but
15 hepatocarcinogenesis 22 -
16 but 19 function
17 its 19 function
18 molecular 19 function
19 function 20 in
20 in 21 hbv
22 - 24 hcc
22 - 25 remains
22 - 27 .
23 associated 24 hcc
24 hcc 25 remains
25 remains 26 obscure

objective : to determine the molecular function of ccrk in hbv - associated hcc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 12 -
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 7 function
4 determine 10 in
5 the 7 function
6 molecular 7 function
7 function 8 of
8 of 9 ccrk
10 in 11 hbv
12 - 14 hcc
12 - 15 .
13 associated 14 hcc

design : transcriptional regulation was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation , promoter mutation and luciferase reporter assays . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 regulation
2 : 6 assessed
3 transcriptional 4 regulation
4 regulation 5 was
5 was 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 by
7 by 13 and
8 chromatin 9 immunoprecipitation
9 immunoprecipitation 10 ,
10 , 12 mutation
10 , 13 and
11 promoter 12 mutation
13 and 16 assays
14 luciferase 16 assays
15 reporter 16 assays

hepatocellular proliferation and tumourigenesis were examined by colony formation , soft agar assays and using hbv x protein ( hbx ) transgenic mice with low - dose exposure to diethylnitrosamine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proliferation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 hepatocellular 2 proliferation
3 and 4 tumourigenesis
3 and 6 examined
4 tumourigenesis 5 were
5 were 6 examined
6 examined 7 by
6 examined 24 with
6 examined 29 to
7 by 23 mice
8 colony 23 mice
9 formation 10 ,
10 , 13 assays
10 , 14 and
11 soft 12 agar
12 agar 13 assays
14 and 18 protein
14 and 20 hbx
14 and 23 mice
15 using 18 protein
16 hbv 17 x
16 hbv 18 protein
19 ( 20 hbx
20 hbx 21 )
22 transgenic 23 mice
24 with 28 exposure
25 low 26 -
25 low 27 dose
27 dose 28 exposure
29 to 30 diethylnitrosamine

protein expressions were examined in clinical samples and correlated with patient survival by log - rank mantel - cox test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 log
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 protein 2 expressions
2 expressions 8 and
2 expressions 14 log
3 were 4 examined
3 were 8 and
4 examined 5 in
5 in 7 samples
6 clinical 7 samples
8 and 9 correlated
8 and 13 by
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 12 survival
11 patient 12 survival
15 - 16 rank
15 - 18 -
16 rank 17 mantel
18 - 20 test
18 - 21 .
19 cox 20 test

results : overexpression of ccrk , but not its kinase - defective mutant , activated β - catenin/t cell factor signalling through phosphorylation of glycogen synthase [kinase] - 3β ( gsk - 3β ) at ser9 , led to upregulation of ar transcriptional activity and , subsequently , expression of hbx . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overexpression
3 overexpression 4 of
4 of 5 ccrk
6 , 8 not
7 but 8 not
8 not 10 kinase
8 not 38 led
9 its 10 kinase
10 kinase 16 β
10 kinase 38 led
11 - 16 β
12 defective 16 β
13 mutant 14 ,
13 mutant 16 β
15 activated 16 β
16 β 23 phosphorylation
16 β 37 ,
17 - 23 phosphorylation
18 catenin/t 19 cell
19 cell 23 phosphorylation
20 factor 23 phosphorylation
21 signalling 23 phosphorylation
22 through 23 phosphorylation
23 phosphorylation 24 of
23 phosphorylation 29 3β
23 phosphorylation 37 ,
24 of 26 synthase
25 glycogen 26 synthase
28 - 29 3β
29 3β 32 -
29 3β 35 at
29 3β 37 ,
30 ( 32 -
31 gsk 32 -
32 - 33 3β
32 - 34 )
35 at 36 ser9
38 led 39 to
38 led 45 and
39 to 40 upregulation
40 upregulation 41 of
41 of 42 ar
43 transcriptional 44 activity
44 activity 45 and
45 and 47 subsequently
45 and 49 expression
46 , 47 subsequently
47 subsequently 48 ,
49 expression 50 of
50 of 51 hbx

the viral transactivator in turn induced ccrk expression through enhanced ar signalling , thus [forming] [a] [positive] [regulatory] loop . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 transactivator
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 transactivator
2 viral 3 transactivator
3 transactivator 6 induced
4 in 5 turn
5 turn 6 induced
6 induced 8 expression
6 induced 9 through
7 ccrk 8 expression
9 through 11 ar
10 enhanced 11 ar
11 ar 12 signalling
13 , 19 loop
14 thus 19 loop

rna interference silencing of ccrk , which suppressed the ccrk/gsk - 3β/β - catenin/ar regulatory [loop] , significantly suppressed hbx - induced hepatocellular proliferation ( p=0.001 ) and transformation ( p<0.001 ) and remarkably reduced >80 % diethylnitrosamine - mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in hbx transgenic mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
1 rna 3 silencing
2 interference 3 silencing
3 silencing 4 of
3 silencing 28 and
4 of 5 ccrk
5 ccrk 7 which
6 , 7 which
7 which 8 suppressed
7 which 27 )
8 suppressed 24 proliferation
9 the 24 proliferation
10 ccrk/gsk 12 3β/β
10 ccrk/gsk 20 hbx
10 ccrk/gsk 22 induced
11 - 12 3β/β
12 3β/β 13 -
13 - 20 hbx
14 catenin/ar 20 hbx
15 regulatory 17 ,
15 regulatory 20 hbx
18 significantly 19 suppressed
19 suppressed 20 hbx
20 hbx 21 -
22 induced 24 proliferation
23 hepatocellular 24 proliferation
24 proliferation 26 p=0.001
25 ( 26 p=0.001
26 p=0.001 27 )
28 and 29 transformation
28 and 31 p<0.001
28 and 33 and
30 ( 31 p<0.001
31 p<0.001 32 )
33 and 38 diethylnitrosamine
33 and 41 hepatocarcinogenesis
34 remarkably 35 reduced
35 reduced 36 >80
36 >80 38 diethylnitrosamine
37 % 38 diethylnitrosamine
39 - 41 hepatocarcinogenesis
40 mediated 41 hepatocarcinogenesis
41 hepatocarcinogenesis 42 in
41 hepatocarcinogenesis 46 .
42 in 45 mice
43 hbx 45 mice
44 transgenic 45 mice

finally , patients with hbv - associated hcc with concordant overexpression of ccrk , gsk - 3β phosphorylation at ser9 , active dephosphorylated β - catenin and ar phosphorylation at ser81 had poorer overall ( hr=31.26 , p<0.0001 ) and disease - free ( hr=3.60 , p<0.01 ) survival rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 3β
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 8 hcc
3 patients 17 3β
4 with 5 hbv
6 - 8 hcc
7 associated 8 hcc
8 hcc 9 with
8 hcc 16 -
9 with 11 overexpression
10 concordant 11 overexpression
11 overexpression 12 of
12 of 15 gsk
13 ccrk 15 gsk
14 , 15 gsk
17 3β 18 phosphorylation
17 3β 42 -
18 phosphorylation 19 at
18 phosphorylation 33 poorer
19 at 27 and
20 ser9 21 ,
21 , 26 catenin
21 , 27 and
22 active 26 catenin
23 dephosphorylated 26 catenin
24 β 25 -
24 β 26 catenin
27 and 28 ar
27 and 29 phosphorylation
27 and 32 had
29 phosphorylation 30 at
29 phosphorylation 32 had
30 at 31 ser81
33 poorer 34 overall
35 ( 42 -
36 hr=31.26 38 p<0.0001
36 hr=31.26 40 and
37 , 38 p<0.0001
38 p<0.0001 39 )
40 and 41 disease
40 and 42 -
42 - 50 rates
42 - 51 .
43 free 45 hr=3.60
43 free 46 ,
43 free 49 survival
44 ( 45 hr=3.60
45 hr=3.60 46 ,
47 p<0.01 48 )
47 p<0.01 49 survival
49 survival 50 rates

conclusions : our findings highlight the critical role of ccrk in a self - reinforcing circuitry that regulates hbv - associated hepatocarcinogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 highlight
2 : 20 -
2 : 23 .
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 highlight
5 highlight 8 role
5 highlight 11 in
6 the 8 role
7 critical 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 10 ccrk
11 in 13 self
12 a 13 self
13 self 15 reinforcing
14 - 15 reinforcing
15 reinforcing 16 circuitry
15 reinforcing 20 -
16 circuitry 17 that
16 circuitry 18 regulates
17 that 18 regulates
18 regulates 19 hbv
20 - 22 hepatocarcinogenesis
21 associated 22 hepatocarcinogenesis

further characterisation of this intricate viral - host signalling may provide new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hcc treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 further 2 characterisation
2 characterisation 3 of
2 characterisation 15 and
3 of 8 host
4 this 8 host
5 intricate 8 host
6 viral 7 -
6 viral 8 host
8 host 9 signalling
8 host 11 provide
9 signalling 10 may
10 may 11 provide
11 provide 14 biomarkers
12 new 14 biomarkers
13 prognostic 14 biomarkers
15 and 17 targets
15 and 18 for
16 therapeutic 17 targets
18 for 20 treatment
19 hcc 20 treatment

although research has consistently demonstrated that accuracy on a variety of memory tasks decreases as delay increases , relatively little research has been conducted to quantify this relationship across development in humans or directly compare rates of forgetting between humans and monkeys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 although 2 research
1 although 5 demonstrated
1 although 21 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 5 demonstrated
4 consistently 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 that
6 that 7 accuracy
6 that 13 tasks
7 accuracy 8 on
7 accuracy 13 tasks
8 on 10 variety
9 a 10 variety
10 variety 11 of
11 of 12 memory
13 tasks 14 decreases
15 as 16 delay
15 as 17 increases
15 as 18 ,
15 as 21 research
16 delay 17 increases
19 relatively 20 little
20 little 21 research
21 research 22 has
22 has 23 been
23 been 33 or
24 conducted 25 to
24 conducted 29 across
24 conducted 33 or
25 to 26 quantify
26 quantify 28 relationship
27 this 28 relationship
29 across 30 development
30 development 31 in
31 in 32 humans
33 or 35 compare
34 directly 35 compare
35 compare 36 rates
35 compare 39 between
36 rates 37 of
37 of 38 forgetting
39 between 41 and
40 humans 41 and
41 and 42 monkeys

this study utilized [a] delayed matching - [to] - sample [(] dmts ) task to compare the relative contributions of proactive interference and attention on the rate of forgetting in monkeys and children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 delayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 compare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 utilized
2 study 5 delayed
5 delayed 6 matching
7 - 9 -
7 - 14 task
9 - 10 sample
12 dmts 13 )
12 dmts 14 task
14 task 15 to
15 to 16 compare
16 compare 23 and
17 the 19 contributions
18 relative 19 contributions
19 contributions 20 of
19 contributions 23 and
20 of 22 interference
21 proactive 22 interference
23 and 24 attention
23 and 30 in
24 attention 25 on
25 on 27 rate
26 the 27 rate
27 rate 28 of
28 of 29 forgetting
30 in 32 and
31 monkeys 32 and
32 and 33 children

the performance of 1125 children from four to fourteen years of age and 10 adult rhesus monkeys was compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 performance
2 performance 3 of
2 performance 6 from
2 performance 18 was
3 of 5 children
4 1125 5 children
6 from 13 and
7 four 8 to
8 to 9 fourteen
8 to 10 years
10 years 11 of
10 years 13 and
11 of 12 age
13 and 17 monkeys
14 10 17 monkeys
15 adult 17 monkeys
16 rhesus 17 monkeys
18 was 19 compared

for this dmts task , a shape was displayed on the center one of three press - plates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shape
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 for 4 task
1 for 5 ,
1 for 7 shape
2 this 4 task
3 dmts 4 task
6 a 7 shape
7 shape 8 was
8 was 9 displayed
9 displayed 10 on
10 on 12 center
11 the 12 center
12 center 13 one
12 center 14 of
14 of 16 press
15 three 16 press
17 - 18 plates
17 - 19 .

after a delay , the subjects were required to match the original shape with one of three choice shapes to receive a banana [-] flavored food pellet for monkeys , or a nickel for children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 after 3 delay
1 after 4 ,
1 after 6 subjects
2 a 3 delay
5 the 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 were
7 were 8 required
8 required 9 to
8 required 14 with
8 required 20 to
8 required 21 receive
9 to 10 match
10 match 13 shape
11 the 13 shape
12 original 13 shape
14 with 15 one
15 one 16 of
16 of 19 shapes
17 three 19 shapes
18 choice 19 shapes
20 to 21 receive
21 receive 27 pellet
22 a 23 banana
22 a 27 pellet
23 banana 27 pellet
25 flavored 26 food
26 food 27 pellet
27 pellet 28 for
27 pellet 34 for
28 for 31 or
29 monkeys 31 or
30 , 31 or
31 or 33 nickel
32 a 33 nickel
34 for 35 children

a modified power function provided an excellent fit for the data for monkeys and children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 4 function
2 modified 3 power
3 power 4 function
4 function 5 provided
5 provided 8 fit
6 an 7 excellent
6 an 8 fit
7 excellent 8 fit
8 fit 9 for
9 for 11 data
10 the 11 data
11 data 12 for
12 for 14 and
13 monkeys 14 and
14 and 15 children

the forgetting rates in children decreased with age , and the forgetting rates for monkeys were most comparable to those of younger children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 forgetting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 forgetting
2 forgetting 3 rates
3 rates 4 in
4 in 5 children
5 children 6 decreased
6 decreased 7 with
7 with 8 age
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 rates
10 and 16 were
11 the 13 rates
12 forgetting 13 rates
13 rates 14 for
13 rates 16 were
14 for 15 monkeys
16 were 18 comparable
17 most 18 comparable
18 comparable 19 to
19 to 20 those
20 those 21 of
21 of 23 children
22 younger 23 children

the data also suggest that proactive interference did not significantly contribute to the forgetting rates for monkeys or younger children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 4 suggest
3 also 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 7 interference
5 that 11 contribute
6 proactive 7 interference
7 interference 8 did
8 did 9 not
8 did 11 contribute
10 significantly 11 contribute
11 contribute 12 to
12 to 15 rates
13 the 15 rates
14 forgetting 15 rates
15 rates 16 for
16 for 18 or
17 monkeys 18 or
18 or 20 children
19 younger 20 children

further , the monkeys appeared to attend to the task at a level similar to that of younger children as evidenced by the similarities in response latencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 monkeys
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 monkeys
3 the 4 monkeys
4 monkeys 5 appeared
5 appeared 6 to
5 appeared 21 evidenced
6 to 7 attend
7 attend 8 to
7 attend 11 at
7 attend 20 as
8 to 10 task
9 the 10 task
11 at 13 level
12 a 13 level
13 level 14 similar
13 level 17 of
14 similar 15 to
15 to 16 that
17 of 19 children
18 younger 19 children
20 as 21 evidenced
21 evidenced 22 by
21 evidenced 26 response
21 evidenced 27 latencies
22 by 24 similarities
23 the 24 similarities
25 in 26 response

the results from this study indicate that the rate of forgetting in monkeys , as well as the mechanisms underlying this rate , appears to share more similarities with that of younger children than of older children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 from
2 results 6 indicate
3 from 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 9 rate
7 that 24 appears
8 the 9 rate
9 rate 10 of
9 rate 12 in
9 rate 24 appears
10 of 11 forgetting
12 in 13 monkeys
13 monkeys 15 as
14 , 15 as
15 as 16 well
15 as 23 ,
16 well 17 as
16 well 20 underlying
17 as 19 mechanisms
18 the 19 mechanisms
20 underlying 22 rate
21 this 22 rate
24 appears 25 to
24 appears 26 share
25 to 26 share
26 share 28 similarities
26 share 34 than
27 more 28 similarities
28 similarities 29 with
28 similarities 31 of
29 with 30 that
31 of 33 children
32 younger 33 children
34 than 35 of
35 of 37 children
36 older 37 children

the objective of the study was to measure the costs of implementing the enhancefitness program to elderly residents of south florida . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 measure
7 to 8 measure
8 measure 10 costs
9 the 10 costs
10 costs 11 of
11 of 12 implementing
12 implementing 15 program
12 implementing 16 to
13 the 15 program
14 enhancefitness 15 program
16 to 18 residents
17 elderly 18 residents
18 residents 19 of
19 of 21 florida
20 south 21 florida

the health foundation of south florida 's healthy aging regional collaborative implemented enhancefitness as part of their initiative to make evidence - based healthy aging programs available to south florida seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 foundation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 implemented
1 the 3 foundation
2 health 3 foundation
3 foundation 4 of
3 foundation 12 implemented
4 of 11 collaborative
5 south 6 florida
6 florida 7 's
7 's 11 collaborative
8 healthy 9 aging
9 aging 10 regional
10 regional 11 collaborative
12 implemented 13 enhancefitness
13 enhancefitness 14 as
13 enhancefitness 19 to
13 enhancefitness 20 make
13 enhancefitness 26 programs
14 as 18 initiative
15 part 16 of
15 part 18 initiative
16 of 18 initiative
17 their 18 initiative
19 to 20 make
20 make 21 evidence
22 - 26 programs
23 based 26 programs
24 healthy 26 programs
25 aging 26 programs
26 programs 27 available
26 programs 32 .
27 available 28 to
28 to 31 seniors
29 south 30 florida
30 florida 31 seniors

cost data were collected from agencies participating in the delivery of enhancefitness classes in south florida . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cost 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 collected
4 collected 5 from
4 collected 8 in
4 collected 14 in
5 from 6 agencies
6 agencies 7 participating
8 in 10 delivery
9 the 10 delivery
10 delivery 11 of
11 of 13 classes
12 enhancefitness 13 classes
14 in 16 florida
15 south 16 florida

cost questionnaires were [e] - mailed to program coordinators from agencies participating in the delivery of enhancefitness classes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 questionnaires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
1 cost 2 questionnaires
2 questionnaires 3 were
3 were 6 mailed
5 - 6 mailed
6 mailed 7 to
6 mailed 19 .
7 to 8 program
8 program 9 coordinators
8 program 10 from
10 from 11 agencies
11 agencies 12 participating
12 participating 13 in
13 in 15 delivery
14 the 15 delivery
15 delivery 16 of
16 of 18 classes
17 enhancefitness 18 classes

program coordinators worked with accounting staff to complete the questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 program 2 coordinators
1 program 7 to
1 program 8 complete
2 coordinators 3 worked
3 worked 4 with
4 with 6 staff
5 accounting 6 staff
7 to 8 complete
8 complete 10 questionnaires
9 the 10 questionnaires

questionnaires were returned via [e] [-] mail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 questionnaires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 returned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 questionnaires 2 were
2 were 3 returned
3 returned 4 via
4 via 7 mail

costs were presented from the perspective of participating agencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 costs 2 were
2 were 3 presented
3 presented 4 from
4 from 6 perspective
5 the 6 perspective
6 perspective 7 of
7 of 9 agencies
8 participating 9 agencies

total costs were divided by the number of classes being offered by each agency to determine cost per class per month . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 offered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 total 2 costs
2 costs 3 were
3 were 4 divided
4 divided 5 by
5 by 9 classes
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 classes
8 of 9 classes
9 classes 10 being
10 being 11 offered
11 offered 12 by
11 offered 15 to
12 by 14 agency
13 each 14 agency
15 to 16 determine
16 determine 17 cost
17 cost 18 per
17 cost 20 per
18 per 19 class
20 per 21 month

average monthly costs per class were $ 1,713 during the first year of implementation and $ 873 during the second year of implementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 average 2 monthly
2 monthly 3 costs
3 costs 4 per
3 costs 6 were
4 per 5 class
6 were 7 $
6 were 9 during
6 were 18 during
7 $ 8 1,713
9 during 12 year
10 the 12 year
11 first 12 year
12 year 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 implementation 15 and
15 and 16 $
16 $ 17 873
18 during 21 year
19 the 21 year
20 second 21 year
21 year 22 of
22 of 23 implementation

the cost measurements , combined with information from the literature on cost savings attributable to enhancefitness participation , suggest that enhancefitness has the potential to generate a net societal cost savings among program participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 generate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 measurements
2 cost 3 measurements
3 measurements 5 combined
3 measurements 19 suggest
4 , 5 combined
5 combined 6 with
5 combined 18 ,
6 with 7 information
7 information 8 from
7 information 14 attributable
8 from 10 literature
9 the 10 literature
10 literature 11 on
11 on 13 savings
12 cost 13 savings
14 attributable 15 to
15 to 17 participation
16 enhancefitness 17 participation
19 suggest 20 that
20 that 21 enhancefitness
20 that 22 has
21 enhancefitness 22 has
22 has 24 potential
22 has 25 to
23 the 24 potential
25 to 26 generate
26 generate 31 savings
26 generate 32 among
27 a 31 savings
28 net 31 savings
29 societal 30 cost
30 cost 31 savings
32 among 34 participants
33 program 34 participants

the results are useful for community agencies considering implementing enhancefitness for their populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 useful
4 useful 5 for
5 for 7 agencies
6 community 7 agencies
7 agencies 8 considering
8 considering 9 implementing
9 implementing 10 enhancefitness
10 enhancefitness 11 for
11 for 13 populations
12 their 13 populations

purpose : to provide information on the five - times - sit - [to] - stand ( ftsts ) and timed - up - and - go ( tug [ )(tests in persons with injection - related venous ulcers ( vu+ [ )(and persons without venous ulcers ( vu - ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 sit
2 : 13 -
3 to 4 provide
3 to 11 -
3 to 12 sit
4 provide 5 information
4 provide 6 on
6 on 8 five
7 the 8 five
8 five 10 times
9 - 10 times
10 times 11 -
13 - 15 -
13 - 22 -
13 - 25 and
15 - 20 and
16 stand 18 ftsts
17 ( 18 ftsts
18 ftsts 19 )
18 ftsts 20 and
20 and 21 timed
22 - 23 up
24 - 25 and
25 and 26 -
26 - 27 go
27 go 36 -
28 ( 36 -
29 tug 31 )(tests
31 )(tests 32 in
31 )(tests 34 with
31 )(tests 36 -
32 in 33 persons
34 with 35 injection
36 - 39 ulcers
37 related 39 ulcers
38 venous 39 ulcers
39 ulcers 43 )(and
40 ( 43 )(and
41 vu+ 43 )(and
43 )(and 44 persons
43 )(and 51 )
43 )(and 52 .
44 persons 45 without
45 without 47 ulcers
46 venous 47 ulcers
47 ulcers 49 vu
48 ( 49 vu
49 vu 50 -

target audience : this continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 audience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 target 2 audience
3 : 7 activity
3 : 19 and
3 : 22 .
4 this 5 continuing
5 continuing 6 education
6 education 7 activity
7 activity 19 and
8 is 9 intended
8 is 19 and
9 intended 10 for
9 intended 14 with
9 intended 17 in
10 for 12 and
11 physicians 12 and
12 and 13 nurses
14 with 16 interest
15 an 16 interest
17 in 18 skin
19 and 20 wound
19 and 21 care

objectives : after participating in this educational activity , the participant should be better able [to] : abstract : none objective : to examine functional mobility using five - times - sit - to [-] stand ( ftsts ) and timed - up - and - [go] ( tug ) tests in persons with injection [-] related venous ulcers ( vu+ ) and compare these findings to persons without venous ulcers ( vu [-] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 after
3 after 4 participating
4 participating 5 in
5 in 8 activity
6 this 8 activity
7 educational 8 activity
9 , 11 participant
9 , 17 :
10 the 11 participant
11 participant 12 should
12 should 13 be
13 be 14 better
13 be 15 able
17 : 18 abstract
17 : 19 :
17 : 29 -
19 : 20 none
19 : 24 examine
20 none 21 objective
20 none 23 to
20 none 24 examine
21 objective 22 :
22 : 23 to
24 examine 26 mobility
25 functional 26 mobility
26 mobility 27 using
27 using 28 five
29 - 30 times
29 - 31 -
31 - 32 sit
31 - 42 -
32 sit 34 to
33 - 34 to
34 to 41 timed
34 to 42 -
36 stand 38 ftsts
37 ( 38 ftsts
38 ftsts 39 )
38 ftsts 40 and
40 and 41 timed
42 - 43 up
42 - 45 and
44 - 45 and
45 and 46 -
45 and 51 tests
48 ( 49 tug
49 tug 50 )
49 tug 51 tests
51 tests 52 in
51 tests 63 and
52 in 53 persons
53 persons 54 with
54 with 55 injection
57 related 59 ulcers
57 related 63 and
58 venous 59 ulcers
59 ulcers 61 vu+
60 ( 61 vu+
61 vu+ 62 )
63 and 64 compare
63 and 69 without
64 compare 66 findings
64 compare 67 to
65 these 66 findings
67 to 68 persons
69 without 71 ulcers
70 venous 71 ulcers
71 ulcers 73 vu
72 ( 73 vu
73 vu 76 )(

design : cross - sectional , comparative design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 8 design
5 sectional 6 ,
5 sectional 8 design
7 comparative 8 design

setting : outpatient clinic.particpants : participants ( n = 61 ) were 31 persons vu+ and 30 persons vu - ; 57.4 % men ; mean age , 54 years ; 93 % african american . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 setting 2 :
2 : 4 clinic.particpants
3 outpatient 4 clinic.particpants
5 : 6 participants
5 : 12 were
5 : 21 ;
5 : 36 .
6 participants 9 =
6 participants 12 were
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 61
9 = 11 )
12 were 16 and
13 31 16 and
14 persons 15 vu+
15 vu+ 16 and
16 and 19 vu
16 and 20 -
17 30 18 persons
18 persons 19 vu
21 ; 24 men
21 ; 25 ;
22 57.4 24 men
23 % 24 men
25 ; 26 mean
25 ; 31 ;
26 mean 27 age
27 age 30 years
28 , 30 years
29 54 30 years
30 years 31 ;
31 ; 35 american
32 93 33 %
33 % 34 african
34 african 35 american

main outcome measures : five - times - sit - to [-] stand , tug , physical activity , quality of life , comorbidities , [falls] , and body mass index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 5 five
4 : 9 sit
5 five 7 times
5 five 9 sit
6 - 7 times
7 times 8 -
9 sit 11 to
10 - 11 to
11 to 13 stand
11 to 32 .
13 stand 28 and
14 , 28 and
15 tug 18 activity
15 tug 28 and
16 , 18 activity
17 physical 18 activity
18 activity 20 quality
18 activity 27 ,
19 , 20 quality
20 quality 21 of
20 quality 25 ,
21 of 22 life
22 life 24 comorbidities
23 , 24 comorbidities
24 comorbidities 25 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 31 index
28 and 32 .
29 body 31 index
30 mass 31 index

results : participants vu+ were 36.8 % slower on completion of the tug test ( p = [.] 012 [ )(and 26.5 % slower on completion of the ftsts test ( p = [.] 081 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 vu+
2 : 37 .
3 participants 4 vu+
4 vu+ 5 were
4 vu+ 23 %
4 vu+ 24 slower
4 vu+ 25 on
4 vu+ 33 =
5 were 7 %
5 were 8 slower
6 36.8 7 %
8 slower 9 on
8 slower 17 =
9 on 10 completion
10 completion 11 of
11 of 14 test
12 the 14 test
13 tug 14 test
15 ( 17 =
16 p 17 =
17 = 21 )(and
19 012 21 )(and
21 )(and 22 26.5
22 26.5 23 %
25 on 26 completion
26 completion 27 of
27 of 30 test
28 the 30 test
29 ftsts 30 test
31 ( 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 35 081
33 = 36 )

five - times - sit - [to] - stand and tug were strongly correlated with each other , r = 0.93 , 0.87 , p < [.] 001 for vu - and vu+ , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 five
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 five 3 times
1 five 5 sit
2 - 3 times
3 times 4 -
6 - 8 -
6 - 14 correlated
6 - 36 .
8 - 10 and
9 stand 10 and
10 and 11 tug
10 and 12 were
12 were 13 strongly
12 were 14 correlated
14 correlated 15 with
14 correlated 20 =
14 correlated 35 respectively
15 with 17 other
16 each 17 other
18 , 20 =
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 0.93
21 0.93 23 0.87
22 , 23 0.87
23 0.87 26 <
23 0.87 34 ,
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 28 001
28 001 29 for
29 for 32 and
30 vu 32 and
31 - 32 and
32 and 33 vu+

test - retest reliabilities for the ftsts and tug tests were high ( intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89 - 0.94 ) for the vu+ and vu - . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 retest
2 - 28 .
3 retest 4 reliabilities
3 retest 5 for
3 retest 22 for
5 for 8 and
6 the 7 ftsts
7 ftsts 8 and
8 and 9 tug
8 and 10 tests
8 and 11 were
8 and 16 coefficient
10 tests 11 were
11 were 12 high
13 ( 16 coefficient
14 intraclass 16 coefficient
15 correlation 16 coefficient
16 coefficient 19 -
16 coefficient 21 )
17 = 18 0.89
18 0.89 19 -
19 - 20 0.94
22 for 25 and
23 the 24 vu+
24 vu+ 25 and
25 and 26 vu
25 and 27 -

within each group , correlations of ftsts and tug were similar for each of the variables examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 within 3 group
1 within 4 ,
1 within 5 correlations
2 each 3 group
5 correlations 6 of
5 correlations 10 were
6 of 9 tug
7 ftsts 8 and
8 and 9 tug
10 were 11 similar
11 similar 12 for
12 for 16 variables
13 each 14 of
13 each 16 variables
14 of 16 variables
15 the 16 variables
16 variables 17 examined

across groups , correlations showed that the time to complete ftsts and tug increased as a function of comorbidities in the vu+ group ; the correlations in the vu [-] group were not significantly different from zero . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 across 2 groups
1 across 3 ,
1 across 4 correlations
4 correlations 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 time
6 that 19 comorbidities
7 the 8 time
8 time 9 to
8 time 18 of
8 time 19 comorbidities
9 to 10 complete
10 complete 13 tug
10 complete 15 as
11 ftsts 12 and
12 and 13 tug
13 tug 14 increased
15 as 17 function
16 a 17 function
17 function 18 of
19 comorbidities 20 in
20 in 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 vu+ 23 group
24 ; 26 correlations
25 the 26 correlations
26 correlations 27 in
26 correlations 32 were
27 in 31 group
28 the 31 group
29 vu 31 group
32 were 33 not
32 were 34 significantly
32 were 35 different
35 different 36 from
36 from 37 zero

conclusions : the vu+ group exhibited poorer physical performance than the vu - group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 9 performance
2 : 10 than
3 the 9 performance
4 vu+ 6 exhibited
5 group 6 exhibited
6 exhibited 9 performance
7 poorer 9 performance
8 physical 9 performance
10 than 12 vu
11 the 12 vu
13 - 14 group
13 - 15 .

the high correlation between ftsts and tug and the similarity of correlations with other variables suggest that these physical performance measures may be interchangeable in their ability to predict physical functioning in these clinical groups despite differences in test demands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 3 correlation
2 high 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 between
3 correlation 8 and
4 between 7 tug
5 ftsts 6 and
6 and 7 tug
8 and 10 similarity
8 and 11 of
8 and 16 suggest
9 the 10 similarity
11 of 12 correlations
12 correlations 13 with
13 with 15 variables
14 other 15 variables
16 suggest 17 that
17 that 21 measures
17 that 23 be
18 these 21 measures
19 physical 20 performance
20 performance 21 measures
21 measures 22 may
22 may 23 be
23 be 24 interchangeable
24 interchangeable 25 in
24 interchangeable 28 to
25 in 27 ability
26 their 27 ability
28 to 29 predict
29 predict 31 functioning
29 predict 32 in
29 predict 36 despite
29 predict 38 in
30 physical 31 functioning
32 in 35 groups
33 these 35 groups
34 clinical 35 groups
36 despite 37 differences
38 in 40 demands
39 test 40 demands

clinicians need [easy] - [to] - perform reliable clinical tests such as ftsts and tug to assess mobility of aging injection users with venous ulcers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 clinicians 2 need
4 - 6 -
4 - 17 assess
4 - 26 .
6 - 7 perform
7 perform 10 tests
7 perform 16 to
8 reliable 10 tests
9 clinical 10 tests
10 tests 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 14 and
13 ftsts 14 and
14 and 15 tug
16 to 17 assess
17 assess 18 mobility
17 assess 23 with
18 mobility 19 of
19 of 20 aging
20 aging 22 users
21 injection 22 users
23 with 25 ulcers
24 venous 25 ulcers

none [introduction] : we performed a comparative analysis of telomerase activity ( ta ) in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm ( mpn ) and myelodysplastic syndrome ( mds ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 4 we
3 : 5 performed
3 : 29 .
4 we 5 performed
5 performed 8 analysis
5 performed 15 in
6 a 7 comparative
6 a 8 analysis
7 comparative 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 of
8 analysis 13 ta
9 of 11 activity
10 telomerase 11 activity
12 ( 13 ta
13 ta 14 )
15 in 23 and
16 patients 17 with
16 patients 23 and
17 with 19 neoplasm
18 myeloproliferative 19 neoplasm
19 neoplasm 21 mpn
20 ( 21 mpn
21 mpn 22 )
23 and 25 syndrome
23 and 27 mds
24 myelodysplastic 25 syndrome
26 ( 27 mds
27 mds 28 )

the relationships between ta and known prognostic factors were also analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 relationships
2 relationships 3 between
2 relationships 9 were
3 between 5 and
4 ta 5 and
5 and 8 factors
6 known 8 factors
7 prognostic 8 factors
9 were 11 analyzed
10 also 11 analyzed

materials and methods : a telomeric repeat amplification protocol was performed with bone marrow hematopoietic cells from 96 normal controls , 44 mpns , and 40 mdss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 8 amplification
4 : 11 performed
4 : 28 .
5 a 6 telomeric
5 a 8 amplification
6 telomeric 7 repeat
7 repeat 8 amplification
8 amplification 9 protocol
8 amplification 10 was
8 amplification 11 performed
9 protocol 10 was
11 performed 12 with
11 performed 17 from
12 with 16 cells
13 bone 16 cells
14 marrow 16 cells
15 hematopoietic 16 cells
17 from 25 and
18 96 20 controls
19 normal 20 controls
20 controls 21 ,
21 , 23 mpns
21 , 25 and
22 44 23 mpns
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 mdss
26 40 27 mdss

result : ta ( measured as molecules/reaction ) showed no correlation with age in the control group [(] r ( 2 )=0.0057 , p=0.464 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 ta
2 : 9 showed
3 ta 5 measured
3 ta 9 showed
4 ( 5 measured
5 measured 6 as
5 measured 8 )
6 as 7 molecules/reaction
9 showed 11 correlation
9 showed 17 group
10 no 11 correlation
11 correlation 12 with
11 correlation 14 in
12 with 13 age
14 in 16 control
15 the 16 control
17 group 19 r
17 group 22 )=0.0057
17 group 24 p=0.464
20 ( 22 )=0.0057
21 2 22 )=0.0057
22 )=0.0057 23 ,
23 , 24 p=0.464
24 p=0.464 25 )

mpn showed elevated ta compared with controls ( 15,537.57 vs [.] 7775.44 , p=0.020 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mpn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mpn 2 showed
2 showed 4 ta
3 elevated 4 ta
4 ta 5 compared
5 compared 6 with
6 with 7 controls
7 controls 9 15,537.57
7 controls 14 p=0.020
8 ( 9 15,537.57
9 15,537.57 10 vs
9 15,537.57 13 ,
10 vs 12 7775.44
13 , 14 p=0.020
14 p=0.020 15 )

patients with essential thrombocythemia showed markedly elevated ta ( 22,688.56 , p=0.030 ) , particularly in cases with extreme thrombocytosis versus those without extreme thrombocytosis ( 34,522.19 vs [.] 9375.71 , p=0.041 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 5 showed
2 with 4 thrombocythemia
3 essential 4 thrombocythemia
5 showed 8 ta
5 showed 15 particularly
5 showed 18 with
6 markedly 7 elevated
7 elevated 8 ta
8 ta 10 22,688.56
9 ( 10 22,688.56
10 22,688.56 12 p=0.030
10 22,688.56 14 ,
11 , 12 p=0.030
12 p=0.030 13 )
15 particularly 16 in
16 in 17 cases
18 with 20 thrombocytosis
19 extreme 20 thrombocytosis
20 thrombocytosis 21 versus
20 thrombocytosis 27 34,522.19
20 thrombocytosis 32 p=0.041
21 versus 22 those
22 those 23 without
23 without 25 thrombocytosis
24 extreme 25 thrombocytosis
26 ( 27 34,522.19
27 34,522.19 28 vs
27 34,522.19 31 ,
28 vs 30 9375.71
31 , 32 p=0.041
32 p=0.041 33 )

mds patients showed a ta value of 7578.50 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 mds 2 patients
2 patients 3 showed
3 showed 6 value
4 a 6 value
5 ta 6 value
6 value 7 of
7 of 8 7578.50

conclusion : there was no association between age and ta in bone marrow hematopoietic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 association
4 was 7 between
4 was 11 in
5 no 6 association
7 between 9 and
8 age 9 and
9 and 10 ta
11 in 15 cells
12 bone 15 cells
13 marrow 15 cells
14 hematopoietic 15 cells

ta was elevated in mpn but [borderline] in mds , probably because of differences in the nature of the diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ta
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 elevated
1 ta 2 was
2 was 3 elevated
3 elevated 4 in
3 elevated 6 but
3 elevated 12 because
4 in 5 mpn
6 but 8 in
8 in 9 mds
10 , 11 probably
10 , 12 because
12 because 13 of
12 because 21 .
13 of 14 differences
14 differences 15 in
15 in 17 nature
16 the 17 nature
17 nature 18 of
18 of 20 diseases
19 the 20 diseases

elevated ta in patients with essential thrombocythemia , especially those with extreme thrombocytosis , suggests that an anti - telomerase strategy could be beneficial in the prevention of thrombotic complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ta
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 elevated 2 ta
2 ta 3 in
2 ta 15 suggests
3 in 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
5 with 7 thrombocythemia
6 essential 7 thrombocythemia
7 thrombocythemia 10 those
8 , 9 especially
8 , 10 those
10 those 11 with
10 those 14 ,
11 with 13 thrombocytosis
12 extreme 13 thrombocytosis
15 suggests 16 that
16 that 21 strategy
16 that 23 be
17 an 18 anti
17 an 21 strategy
18 anti 19 -
18 anti 20 telomerase
20 telomerase 21 strategy
21 strategy 22 could
22 could 23 be
23 be 24 beneficial
24 beneficial 25 in
25 in 27 prevention
26 the 27 prevention
27 prevention 28 of
28 of 30 complications
29 thrombotic 30 complications

objective : prehabilitation [consists] in providing a repetitive physical exercise before surgery to improve the postoperative recovery course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 prehabilitation
3 prehabilitation 5 in
5 in 6 providing
6 providing 10 exercise
6 providing 11 before
6 providing 13 to
7 a 8 repetitive
7 a 10 exercise
8 repetitive 10 exercise
9 physical 10 exercise
11 before 12 surgery
13 to 14 improve
14 improve 18 course
15 the 18 course
16 postoperative 17 recovery
17 recovery 18 course

this review aims to evaluate the feasibility and the expected benefits of prehabilitation on the postoperative recovery course and the reduction of the postoperative morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 evaluate
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 8 and
5 evaluate 14 on
6 the 7 feasibility
7 feasibility 8 and
8 and 11 benefits
8 and 12 of
9 the 11 benefits
10 expected 11 benefits
12 of 13 prehabilitation
14 on 19 and
15 the 18 course
16 postoperative 17 recovery
17 recovery 18 course
18 course 19 and
19 and 21 reduction
19 and 22 of
20 the 21 reduction
22 of 25 morbidity
23 the 25 morbidity
24 postoperative 25 morbidity

data sources : data research has focused on english - language articles in the medline database , published from 1989 to 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sources
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 data 2 sources
3 : 4 data
3 : 18 published
3 : 23 .
4 data 5 research
4 data 7 focused
4 data 18 published
5 research 6 has
6 has 7 focused
7 focused 8 on
8 on 9 english
9 english 12 articles
10 - 12 articles
11 language 12 articles
12 articles 13 in
12 articles 17 ,
13 in 16 database
14 the 16 database
15 medline 16 database
18 published 21 to
19 from 21 to
20 1989 21 to
21 to 22 2013

keywords [,] used separately or [in] combination , were : prehabilitation , functional capacity , postoperative morbidity , physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 keywords 3 used
1 keywords 5 or
3 used 4 separately
5 or 7 combination
5 or 8 ,
5 or 9 were
10 : 11 prehabilitation
10 : 18 ,
11 prehabilitation 14 capacity
11 prehabilitation 17 morbidity
12 , 14 capacity
13 functional 14 capacity
14 capacity 15 ,
15 , 17 morbidity
16 postoperative 17 morbidity
17 morbidity 18 ,
18 , 20 activity
19 physical 20 activity

study selection : selected articles were original articles , clinical cases , review articles and meta - analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 study 2 selection
3 : 5 articles
3 : 6 were
3 : 9 ,
3 : 19 .
4 selected 5 articles
5 articles 6 were
6 were 8 articles
7 original 8 articles
9 , 15 and
10 clinical 11 cases
11 cases 12 ,
12 , 14 articles
12 , 15 and
13 review 14 articles
15 and 18 analysis
16 meta 17 -
16 meta 18 analysis

data extraction : articles were analyzed for feasibility , benefits and limitations of preoperative physical preparation techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 extraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 data 2 extraction
3 : 4 articles
3 : 6 analyzed
3 : 18 .
4 articles 5 were
5 were 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 7 for
7 for 11 and
8 feasibility 9 ,
9 , 10 benefits
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 limitations
11 and 13 of
13 of 17 techniques
14 preoperative 16 preparation
15 physical 16 preparation
16 preparation 17 techniques

data synthesis : poor preoperative functional status is associated with increased postoperative morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 synthesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 data 2 synthesis
3 : 7 status
3 : 9 associated
3 : 14 .
4 poor 7 status
5 preoperative 7 status
6 functional 7 status
7 status 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 morbidity
11 increased 13 morbidity
12 postoperative 13 morbidity

elderly are more prone [to] postoperative complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 elderly 2 are
2 are 7 complications
3 more 4 prone
4 prone 7 complications
6 postoperative 7 complications

the improvement of preoperative physical status of these patients is possible and may reduce morbidity and allow faster recovery after major surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 improvement
2 improvement 3 of
2 improvement 7 of
2 improvement 12 and
3 of 6 status
4 preoperative 6 status
5 physical 6 status
7 of 9 patients
8 these 9 patients
10 is 11 possible
10 is 12 and
12 and 13 may
13 may 16 and
14 reduce 15 morbidity
14 reduce 16 and
16 and 17 allow
17 allow 19 recovery
17 allow 20 after
18 faster 19 recovery
20 after 22 surgery
21 major 22 surgery

in order to improve efficiency , the training program must provide endurance and muscle reinforcement exercises , whose intensity must be adapted to the patient 's baseline physical abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 6 ,
1 in 9 program
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 improve
3 to 4 improve
4 improve 5 efficiency
7 the 9 program
8 training 9 program
9 program 10 must
10 must 13 and
11 provide 12 endurance
11 provide 13 and
13 and 14 muscle
14 muscle 16 exercises
15 reinforcement 16 exercises
17 , 18 whose
17 , 22 adapted
18 whose 19 intensity
19 intensity 20 must
20 must 21 be
21 be 22 adapted
22 adapted 23 to
23 to 29 abilities
24 the 25 patient
25 patient 26 's
26 's 29 abilities
27 baseline 29 abilities
28 physical 29 abilities

an average of three sessions per week over a period of six to eight weeks before surgery seemed [a] good compromise between feasibility and effectiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 an 2 average
2 average 3 of
2 average 24 and
3 of 5 sessions
4 three 5 sessions
5 sessions 6 per
5 sessions 8 over
6 per 7 week
8 over 10 period
9 a 10 period
10 period 11 of
10 period 15 weeks
10 period 21 compromise
11 of 13 to
12 six 13 to
13 to 14 eight
15 weeks 16 before
15 weeks 17 surgery
15 weeks 18 seemed
15 weeks 21 compromise
17 surgery 18 seemed
18 seemed 20 good
21 compromise 22 between
22 between 23 feasibility
24 and 25 effectiveness

conclusion : the effectiveness of prehabilitation has been demonstrated in cardiovascular surgery and probably in abdominal surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 effectiveness
2 : 9 demonstrated
2 : 18 .
3 the 4 effectiveness
4 effectiveness 5 of
4 effectiveness 7 has
5 of 6 prehabilitation
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 demonstrated
9 demonstrated 13 and
10 in 12 surgery
10 in 13 and
11 cardiovascular 12 surgery
13 and 14 probably
13 and 15 in
15 in 17 surgery
16 abdominal 17 surgery

prehabilitation must be integrated into the overall patient medical management , and must be associated with preoperative refeeding and postoperative rehabilitation protocols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prehabilitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 prehabilitation 12 and
2 must 3 be
2 must 12 and
3 be 4 integrated
4 integrated 5 into
5 into 10 management
6 the 10 management
7 overall 10 management
8 patient 10 management
9 medical 10 management
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 must
12 and 22 protocols
13 must 14 be
14 be 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 21 rehabilitation
17 preoperative 21 rehabilitation
18 refeeding 19 and
19 and 20 postoperative
19 and 21 rehabilitation

by optimizing all stages of the surgical patient management , from diagnosis to recovery , [prognosis] of high - risk surgical patients could be improved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 by 2 optimizing
1 by 22 patients
2 optimizing 4 stages
3 all 4 stages
4 stages 5 of
5 of 9 management
6 the 9 management
7 surgical 9 management
8 patient 9 management
9 management 11 from
9 management 17 of
10 , 11 from
11 from 12 diagnosis
11 from 15 ,
12 diagnosis 13 to
13 to 14 recovery
17 of 20 risk
18 high 19 -
18 high 20 risk
21 surgical 22 patients
22 patients 23 could
23 could 24 be
24 be 25 improved

background : corpora amylacea ( ca ) are glycoproteinaceous ( [predominantly] glial and extracellular ) inclusions that accumulate in normal aging brain [and] , to a greater extent , in alzheimer disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 amylacea
2 : 8 are
2 : 36 .
3 corpora 4 amylacea
4 amylacea 6 ca
4 amylacea 8 are
5 ( 6 ca
6 ca 7 )
8 are 16 inclusions
8 are 19 in
8 are 30 in
9 glycoproteinaceous 13 and
9 glycoproteinaceous 16 inclusions
10 ( 13 and
12 glial 13 and
13 and 14 extracellular
13 and 15 )
16 inclusions 17 that
16 inclusions 18 accumulate
17 that 18 accumulate
19 in 22 brain
20 normal 22 brain
21 aging 22 brain
22 brain 25 to
24 , 25 to
25 to 28 extent
25 to 29 ,
26 a 28 extent
27 greater 28 extent
29 , 30 in
30 in 32 disease
30 in 35 )
31 alzheimer 32 disease
32 disease 34 ad
33 ( 34 ad
34 ad 35 )

previous pharmacological evidence suggested that up - regulation of endogenous heme oxygenase - 1 ( ho - 1 ) in astrocytes promotes transformation of normal mitochondria to ca - like inclusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
1 previous 3 evidence
2 pharmacological 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 8 regulation
5 that 22 promotes
6 up 7 -
6 up 8 regulation
8 regulation 9 of
8 regulation 20 in
8 regulation 22 promotes
9 of 12 oxygenase
10 endogenous 12 oxygenase
11 heme 12 oxygenase
12 oxygenase 14 1
12 oxygenase 18 1
13 - 14 1
14 1 16 ho
14 1 17 -
15 ( 16 ho
16 ho 17 -
17 - 18 1
18 1 19 )
20 in 21 astrocytes
22 promotes 23 transformation
22 promotes 27 to
22 promotes 30 like
23 transformation 24 of
24 of 26 mitochondria
25 normal 26 mitochondria
27 to 28 ca
29 - 30 like
30 like 31 inclusions
30 like 32 .

here , we determined whether 1 [ )(hmox1 transfection fosters the accumulation of ca [-] like inclusions in cultured rat astroglia [;] 2 [ )(the hmox1 transgene promotes ca formation in the brains of aging gfap.hmox1 mice [;] and 3 [ )(brain mitochondrial damage and ca biogenesis are augmented in persons with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , a harbinger of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determined
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 determined
4 determined 5 whether
4 determined 16 like
5 whether 9 transfection
5 whether 10 fosters
6 1 9 transfection
8 )(hmox1 9 transfection
9 transfection 10 fosters
10 fosters 12 accumulation
11 the 12 accumulation
12 accumulation 13 of
13 of 14 ca
16 like 17 inclusions
17 inclusions 18 in
17 inclusions 27 transgene
17 inclusions 28 promotes
18 in 21 astroglia
19 cultured 20 rat
20 rat 21 astroglia
21 astroglia 23 2
25 )(the 27 transgene
26 hmox1 27 transgene
27 transgene 28 promotes
28 promotes 30 formation
28 promotes 31 in
29 ca 30 formation
31 in 39 and
32 the 33 brains
33 brains 34 of
33 brains 39 and
34 of 37 mice
35 aging 37 mice
36 gfap.hmox1 37 mice
39 and 42 )(brain
39 and 45 and
39 and 49 augmented
40 3 42 )(brain
43 mitochondrial 44 damage
44 damage 45 and
45 and 46 ca
45 and 47 biogenesis
45 and 48 are
45 and 49 augmented
47 biogenesis 48 are
49 augmented 50 in
49 augmented 52 with
50 in 51 persons
52 with 55 impairment
53 mild 55 impairment
54 cognitive 55 impairment
55 impairment 57 mci
55 impairment 61 harbinger
56 ( 57 mci
57 mci 58 )
59 , 61 harbinger
60 a 61 harbinger
61 harbinger 62 of
61 harbinger 64 .
62 of 63 ad

results : hmox1 transfection induced cytoplasmic vacuolation and the accumulation of pas+ inclusions in cultured astroglia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 vacuolation
3 hmox1 5 induced
4 transfection 5 induced
5 induced 7 vacuolation
6 cytoplasmic 7 vacuolation
8 and 10 accumulation
8 and 13 inclusions
9 the 10 accumulation
10 accumulation 11 of
10 accumulation 13 inclusions
11 of 12 pas+
13 inclusions 14 in
14 in 16 astroglia
15 cultured 16 astroglia

numerous ca - like inclusions stained with pas and immunoreactive for ho - 1 , ub and mnsod were observed in the brains of gfap.hmox1 mice , but were rarely encountered in age - matched , wt controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ca
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 numerous 2 ca
3 - 17 and
3 - 28 but
3 - 36 ,
4 like 9 and
4 like 15 ,
4 like 17 and
5 inclusions 6 stained
5 inclusions 9 and
6 stained 7 with
7 with 8 pas
9 and 10 immunoreactive
9 and 11 for
9 and 14 1
11 for 12 ho
13 - 14 1
14 1 15 ,
16 ub 17 and
17 and 18 mnsod
17 and 28 but
19 were 20 observed
19 were 28 but
20 observed 21 in
21 in 23 brains
22 the 23 brains
23 brains 24 of
24 of 26 mice
25 gfap.hmox1 26 mice
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 were
29 were 31 encountered
30 rarely 31 encountered
31 encountered 32 in
32 in 33 age
33 age 35 matched
34 - 35 matched
35 matched 36 ,
36 , 38 controls
37 wt 38 controls

numbers of ho - 1 - positive ca were significantly increased in certain hippocampal strata of mci subjects relative to nci preparations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 numbers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 numbers 2 of
1 numbers 8 ca
1 numbers 9 were
1 numbers 11 increased
2 of 3 ho
3 ho 5 1
4 - 5 1
5 1 6 -
7 positive 8 ca
8 ca 9 were
10 significantly 11 increased
11 increased 12 in
11 increased 18 subjects
12 in 15 strata
13 certain 15 strata
14 hippocampal 15 strata
15 strata 16 of
16 of 17 mci
18 subjects 19 relative
19 relative 20 to
20 to 22 preparations
21 nci 22 preparations

mnsod and ub proteins co - localized to ca in both the control and [mci] specimens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 co
1 mnsod 2 and
2 and 4 proteins
2 and 5 co
3 ub 4 proteins
5 co 7 localized
6 - 7 localized
7 localized 8 to
7 localized 10 in
7 localized 17 .
8 to 9 ca
10 in 14 and
11 both 14 and
12 the 13 control
13 control 14 and
14 and 16 specimens

conclusions : ho - 1 promotes mitochondrial damage and ca biogenesis in astrocyte cultures and in the intact aging brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 ho
3 ho 5 1
3 ho 6 promotes
4 - 5 1
5 1 6 promotes
6 promotes 9 and
6 promotes 15 and
7 mitochondrial 8 damage
8 damage 9 and
9 and 11 biogenesis
10 ca 11 biogenesis
12 in 14 cultures
12 in 15 and
13 astrocyte 14 cultures
15 and 16 in
16 in 20 brain
17 the 20 brain
18 intact 20 brain
19 aging 20 brain

ca formation is enhanced in the [mci] hippocampus and thus occurs relatively early in the pathogenesis of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 formation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 ca 2 formation
2 formation 9 and
3 is 4 enhanced
3 is 9 and
4 enhanced 5 in
5 in 8 hippocampus
6 the 8 hippocampus
9 and 11 occurs
9 and 13 early
9 and 14 in
10 thus 11 occurs
12 relatively 13 early
14 in 16 pathogenesis
15 the 16 pathogenesis
16 pathogenesis 17 of
17 of 18 ad

glial ho - 1 suppression may attenuate bioenergetic failure and slow disease progression in ad and other neurodegenerative conditions featuring accelerated accumulation of ca . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 glial 2 ho
3 - 5 suppression
3 - 10 and
3 - 25 .
4 1 5 suppression
5 suppression 6 may
6 may 10 and
7 attenuate 9 failure
7 attenuate 10 and
8 bioenergetic 9 failure
10 and 11 slow
11 slow 13 progression
11 slow 14 in
12 disease 13 progression
14 in 16 and
15 ad 16 and
16 and 19 conditions
17 other 19 conditions
18 neurodegenerative 19 conditions
19 conditions 20 featuring
19 conditions 23 of
20 featuring 22 accumulation
21 accelerated 22 accumulation
23 of 24 ca

whereas cigarette smoking ( cs [ )(and dysregulated complement are thought to play central roles in age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) , their exact roles are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 roles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 whereas 3 smoking
1 whereas 25 ,
1 whereas 28 roles
2 cigarette 3 smoking
3 smoking 18 -
4 ( 18 -
5 cs 7 )(and
7 )(and 9 complement
7 )(and 10 are
8 dysregulated 9 complement
10 are 11 thought
11 thought 12 to
11 thought 17 age
11 thought 18 -
12 to 13 play
13 play 15 roles
13 play 16 in
14 central 15 roles
17 age 18 -
18 - 21 degeneration
18 - 25 ,
19 related 21 degeneration
20 macular 21 degeneration
21 degeneration 23 amd
22 ( 23 amd
23 amd 24 )
26 their 28 roles
27 exact 28 roles
28 roles 29 are
29 are 30 unknown

the aim of this study was to determine if cs activates [complement] [and] [if] the antioxidant transcription factor nrf2 modulates this response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 if
8 determine 19 nrf2
8 determine 20 modulates
9 if 10 cs
9 if 11 activates
10 cs 11 activates
11 activates 18 factor
15 the 18 factor
16 antioxidant 17 transcription
17 transcription 18 factor
19 nrf2 20 modulates
20 modulates 22 response
21 this 22 response

in amd specimens , nrf2 immunolabeling was strong in the cytoplasm , with scattered nuclear labeling of macular retinal pigmented epithelial ( rpe ) cells that appeared normal , but was decreased [and] without nuclear labeling in dysmorphic cells overlying drusen , a hallmark amd lesion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 immunolabeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 in 3 specimens
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 immunolabeling
2 amd 3 specimens
5 nrf2 6 immunolabeling
6 immunolabeling 7 was
7 was 8 strong
8 strong 9 in
9 in 11 cytoplasm
10 the 11 cytoplasm
11 cytoplasm 13 with
12 , 13 with
13 with 16 labeling
13 with 42 ,
14 scattered 16 labeling
15 nuclear 16 labeling
16 labeling 17 of
16 labeling 32 decreased
17 of 25 cells
18 macular 25 cells
19 retinal 25 cells
20 pigmented 25 cells
21 epithelial 23 rpe
21 epithelial 25 cells
22 ( 23 rpe
23 rpe 24 )
25 cells 26 that
25 cells 31 was
26 that 30 but
27 appeared 28 normal
27 appeared 30 but
29 , 30 but
30 but 31 was
32 decreased 34 without
32 decreased 41 drusen
34 without 36 labeling
35 nuclear 36 labeling
36 labeling 37 in
37 in 39 cells
38 dysmorphic 39 cells
39 cells 40 overlying
42 , 46 lesion
43 a 46 lesion
44 hallmark 46 lesion
45 amd 46 lesion

cigarette smoke extract ( cse ) induced nrf2 nuclear translocation in rpe cells with increased antioxidant and complement gene expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 extract
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 cigarette 2 smoke
2 smoke 3 extract
3 extract 5 cse
3 extract 7 induced
4 ( 5 cse
5 cse 6 )
7 induced 10 translocation
7 induced 14 with
8 nrf2 10 translocation
9 nuclear 10 translocation
10 translocation 11 in
11 in 13 cells
12 rpe 13 cells
14 with 17 and
15 increased 16 antioxidant
16 antioxidant 17 and
17 and 20 expression
18 complement 20 expression
19 gene 20 expression

whereas cfh protein was not altered by cse , the cell membrane regulator proteins cd46 , cd55 , and cd59 were decreased , and c3a and c3b , but not ic3b , were increased compared [to] controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 whereas 2 cfh
1 whereas 3 protein
3 protein 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 7 by
5 not 6 altered
7 by 8 cse
8 cse 15 cd46
9 , 15 cd46
10 the 14 proteins
11 cell 12 membrane
12 membrane 14 proteins
13 regulator 14 proteins
14 proteins 15 cd46
15 cd46 16 ,
16 , 19 and
16 , 21 were
16 , 24 and
17 cd55 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 cd59
19 and 21 were
21 were 22 decreased
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 and
24 and 33 were
25 c3a 26 and
26 and 27 c3b
26 and 29 but
26 and 33 were
28 , 29 but
29 but 30 not
29 but 31 ic3b
29 but 32 ,
33 were 37 controls
34 increased 37 controls
35 compared 37 controls

c5b [-] 9 was increased by cse , but at sublytic levels , only after addition of normal human serum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 c5b
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 c5b 3 9
1 c5b 4 was
4 was 5 increased
5 increased 6 by
5 increased 14 only
6 by 7 cse
7 cse 9 but
8 , 9 but
9 but 10 at
9 but 13 ,
10 at 12 levels
11 sublytic 12 levels
14 only 15 after
15 after 16 addition
16 addition 17 of
17 of 20 serum
18 normal 20 serum
19 human 20 serum

nrf2 knockdown enhanced the increase in c3a and c3b from cse , but not ic3b , c5a , or c5b - 9 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 nrf2 15 ic3b
2 knockdown 15 ic3b
3 enhanced 15 ic3b
4 the 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 8 and
6 in 7 c3a
8 and 9 c3b
8 and 12 ,
8 and 13 but
8 and 15 ic3b
9 c3b 10 from
10 from 11 cse
13 but 14 not
15 ic3b 16 ,
16 , 17 c5a
16 , 19 or
18 , 19 or
19 or 20 c5b
21 - 22 9
21 - 23 .

cse also increased il [-] 1b expression and secretion after c3a generation and was reduced by a c3ar antagonist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 cse 13 and
2 also 3 increased
3 increased 8 and
3 increased 10 after
3 increased 13 and
4 il 7 expression
6 1b 7 expression
7 expression 8 and
8 and 9 secretion
10 after 12 generation
11 c3a 12 generation
13 and 14 was
14 was 15 reduced
15 reduced 16 by
16 by 19 antagonist
17 a 19 antagonist
18 c3ar 19 antagonist

in contrast , the nrf2 activator cddo - im restored complement gene expression in rpe cells exposed to cse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 im
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 restored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 9 im
2 contrast 7 cddo
3 , 7 cddo
4 the 7 cddo
5 nrf2 7 cddo
6 activator 7 cddo
7 cddo 8 -
9 im 10 restored
10 restored 13 expression
10 restored 14 in
10 restored 18 to
11 complement 13 expression
12 gene 13 expression
14 in 16 cells
15 rpe 16 cells
16 cells 17 exposed
18 to 19 cse

we provide evidence of altered nrf2 in human amd and that cse induces a proinflammatory environment specifically by generating c3a and c3b , and nrf2 deficiency magnifies this specific complement response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 provide
2 provide 3 evidence
2 provide 7 in
3 evidence 4 of
4 of 6 nrf2
5 altered 6 nrf2
7 in 10 and
8 human 9 amd
9 amd 10 and
10 and 11 that
10 and 12 cse
10 and 19 generating
12 cse 13 induces
13 induces 16 environment
13 induces 17 specifically
13 induces 18 by
14 a 15 proinflammatory
14 a 16 environment
15 proinflammatory 16 environment
18 by 19 generating
19 generating 24 and
20 c3a 21 and
21 and 22 c3b
21 and 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 nrf2
24 and 26 deficiency
24 and 27 magnifies
26 deficiency 27 magnifies
27 magnifies 31 response
28 this 31 response
29 specific 30 complement
30 complement 31 response

type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) is a major risk factor for late - onset alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 type 2 2
1 type 3 diabetes
3 diabetes 5 t2d
3 diabetes 7 is
4 ( 5 t2d
5 t2d 6 )
7 is 11 factor
8 a 11 factor
9 major 11 factor
10 risk 11 factor
11 factor 12 for
11 factor 20 ad
12 for 18 disease
13 late 14 -
13 late 15 onset
15 onset 16 alzheimer
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease
19 ( 20 ad
20 ad 21 )

a variety of metabolic changes related to t2d ( e.g [.] hyperinsulinemia , hyperglycemia , and elevated branched - chain amino acids [ )(have been proposed as mechanistic links , but the basis for this association remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 branched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 a 2 variety
2 variety 3 of
2 variety 18 branched
3 of 5 changes
4 metabolic 5 changes
5 changes 16 and
6 related 7 to
6 related 16 and
7 to 8 t2d
8 t2d 12 hyperinsulinemia
9 ( 12 hyperinsulinemia
10 e.g 12 hyperinsulinemia
12 hyperinsulinemia 14 hyperglycemia
12 hyperinsulinemia 15 ,
13 , 14 hyperglycemia
14 hyperglycemia 15 ,
16 and 17 elevated
19 - 22 acids
19 - 26 proposed
19 - 31 but
19 - 39 .
20 chain 22 acids
21 amino 22 acids
22 acids 24 )(have
24 )(have 25 been
25 been 26 proposed
26 proposed 27 as
27 as 29 links
28 mechanistic 29 links
30 , 31 but
31 but 33 basis
31 but 37 remains
32 the 33 basis
33 basis 34 for
33 basis 37 remains
34 for 36 association
35 this 36 association
37 remains 38 unknown

retromer - dependent trafficking is implicated in the pathogenesis of ad , and two key retromer proteins , vps35 and vps26 , are deficient in the hippocampal formation of ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 retromer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 trafficking
2 - 6 implicated
2 - 13 and
2 - 32 .
3 dependent 4 trafficking
4 trafficking 5 is
5 is 6 implicated
6 implicated 7 in
7 in 9 pathogenesis
8 the 9 pathogenesis
9 pathogenesis 10 of
10 of 11 ad
12 , 13 and
13 and 17 proteins
13 and 23 are
14 two 17 proteins
15 key 16 retromer
16 retromer 17 proteins
17 proteins 20 and
17 proteins 23 are
18 , 20 and
19 vps35 20 and
20 and 21 vps26
20 and 22 ,
23 are 24 deficient
24 deficient 25 in
25 in 28 formation
26 the 28 formation
27 hippocampal 28 formation
28 formation 29 of
29 of 31 patients
30 ad 31 patients

we characterized vps35 levels in five different mouse models of t2d/obesity to identify specific metabolic factors that could affect retromer levels in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 characterized
2 characterized 4 levels
2 characterized 5 in
2 characterized 12 to
3 vps35 4 levels
5 in 9 models
6 five 9 models
7 different 8 mouse
8 mouse 9 models
9 models 10 of
10 of 11 t2d/obesity
12 to 13 identify
13 identify 16 factors
13 identify 22 in
14 specific 16 factors
15 metabolic 16 factors
16 factors 17 that
16 factors 18 could
17 that 18 could
18 could 19 affect
19 affect 21 levels
20 retromer 21 levels
22 in 24 brain
23 the 24 brain

mouse models in which hyperleucinemia was present displayed hippocampus - selective retromer deficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 mouse 2 models
2 models 3 in
2 models 8 displayed
3 in 4 which
3 in 5 hyperleucinemia
3 in 6 was
5 hyperleucinemia 6 was
6 was 7 present
8 displayed 9 hippocampus
10 - 13 deficiency
10 - 14 .
11 selective 13 deficiency
12 retromer 13 deficiency

wild - type lean mice fed a high leucine diet also developed hippocampal - selective retromer deficiency , and neuronal - like cells grown in high ambient leucine had reduced retromer complex proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 fed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 wild 2 -
1 wild 4 lean
3 type 4 lean
4 lean 5 mice
5 mice 6 fed
6 fed 10 diet
6 fed 22 like
7 a 10 diet
8 high 9 leucine
9 leucine 10 diet
10 diet 12 developed
10 diet 19 and
11 also 12 developed
12 developed 13 hippocampal
14 - 19 and
15 selective 17 deficiency
16 retromer 17 deficiency
17 deficiency 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 neuronal
19 and 21 -
22 like 23 cells
23 cells 24 grown
23 cells 28 leucine
23 cells 32 complex
24 grown 25 in
26 high 28 leucine
27 ambient 28 leucine
28 leucine 29 had
29 had 31 retromer
29 had 32 complex
30 reduced 31 retromer
32 complex 33 proteins

our results suggest that hyperleucinemia may account , [in] part , for the association of insulin resistance/t2 [d] with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 our 2 results
2 results 8 ,
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 8 ,
4 that 5 hyperleucinemia
4 that 7 account
5 hyperleucinemia 6 may
6 may 7 account
8 , 10 part
10 part 12 for
11 , 12 for
12 for 14 association
12 for 21 .
13 the 14 association
14 association 15 of
15 of 16 insulin
16 insulin 17 resistance/t2
17 resistance/t2 19 with
19 with 20 ad

beta oscillations are involved [in] movement and have previously been linked to levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gaba . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oscillations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 beta 2 oscillations
2 oscillations 3 are
3 are 7 and
4 involved 6 movement
4 involved 7 and
7 and 8 have
8 have 10 been
9 previously 10 been
10 been 11 linked
11 linked 12 to
12 to 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 18 gaba
15 the 17 neurotransmitter
16 inhibitory 17 neurotransmitter
17 neurotransmitter 18 gaba

we examined changes in beta oscillations during rest and movement [in] primary motor cortex ( m1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 changes
2 examined 4 in
2 examined 7 during
4 in 6 oscillations
5 beta 6 oscillations
7 during 9 and
8 rest 9 and
9 and 14 cortex
9 and 16 m1
10 movement 14 cortex
12 primary 13 motor
13 motor 14 cortex
15 ( 16 m1
16 m1 17 )

amplitude and frequency of beta power at rest and movement - related beta desynchronization ( mrbd ) were measured during a simple unimanual grip task and their relationship with age was explored in a group of healthy participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 amplitude 2 and
2 and 3 frequency
2 and 4 of
2 and 7 at
2 and 18 were
4 of 6 power
5 beta 6 power
7 at 9 and
8 rest 9 and
9 and 10 movement
11 - 12 related
12 related 14 desynchronization
12 related 18 were
13 beta 14 desynchronization
14 desynchronization 16 mrbd
15 ( 16 mrbd
16 mrbd 17 )
18 were 19 measured
19 measured 20 during
20 during 25 task
21 a 22 simple
21 a 25 task
22 simple 24 grip
23 unimanual 24 grip
24 grip 25 task
26 and 28 relationship
26 and 32 explored
27 their 28 relationship
28 relationship 29 with
28 relationship 31 was
29 with 30 age
31 was 32 explored
32 explored 33 in
33 in 35 group
34 a 35 group
35 group 36 of
36 of 38 participants
37 healthy 38 participants

we were able to show that at rest , increasing age was associated with greater baseline beta power in m1 contralateral to the active hand , with a similar [(] [non] - significant ) trend in ipsilateral m1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 we 2 were
2 were 3 able
3 able 4 to
3 able 5 show
4 to 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 11 age
6 that 13 associated
7 at 8 rest
7 at 9 ,
7 at 11 age
10 increasing 11 age
11 age 12 was
12 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 21 contralateral
14 with 18 power
15 greater 18 power
16 baseline 18 power
17 beta 18 power
18 power 19 in
19 in 20 m1
21 contralateral 22 to
21 contralateral 27 with
22 to 25 hand
23 the 25 hand
24 active 25 hand
26 , 27 with
27 with 35 trend
27 with 39 .
28 a 29 similar
28 a 35 trend
29 similar 32 -
29 similar 35 trend
33 significant 34 )
33 significant 35 trend
35 trend 36 in
36 in 38 m1
37 ipsilateral 38 m1

during movement , increasing age was associated with increased mrbd amplitude in ipsilateral m1 and reduced frequency ( in contralateral and ipsilateral m1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 during 2 movement
1 during 3 ,
1 during 4 increasing
4 increasing 5 age
4 increasing 15 and
6 was 7 associated
6 was 15 and
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 12 in
8 with 11 amplitude
9 increased 11 amplitude
10 mrbd 11 amplitude
12 in 14 m1
13 ipsilateral 14 m1
15 and 16 reduced
15 and 19 in
16 reduced 17 frequency
18 ( 19 in
19 in 23 m1
19 in 24 )
20 contralateral 21 and
21 and 22 ipsilateral
21 and 23 m1

these findings would be consistent with greater gabaergic inhibitory activity within motor cortices of older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 would
3 would 4 be
4 be 5 consistent
5 consistent 6 with
5 consistent 11 within
6 with 8 gabaergic
6 with 10 activity
7 greater 8 gabaergic
9 inhibitory 10 activity
11 within 13 cortices
12 motor 13 cortices
13 cortices 14 of
14 of 16 subjects
15 older 16 subjects

these oscillatory parameters have the potential to reveal changes in the excitatory - inhibitory balance in m1 which in turn may be a useful marker of plasticity in the brain , both in healthy ageing and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 these 3 parameters
2 oscillatory 3 parameters
3 parameters 4 have
4 have 6 potential
4 have 7 to
5 the 6 potential
7 to 8 reveal
8 reveal 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
9 changes 15 balance
10 in 12 excitatory
11 the 12 excitatory
13 - 15 balance
14 inhibitory 15 balance
15 balance 16 in
15 balance 18 which
15 balance 21 may
15 balance 31 ,
16 in 17 m1
18 which 20 turn
18 which 21 may
19 in 20 turn
21 may 22 be
22 be 25 marker
23 a 25 marker
24 useful 25 marker
25 marker 26 of
26 of 27 plasticity
27 plasticity 28 in
28 in 30 brain
29 the 30 brain
31 , 36 and
32 both 33 in
32 both 36 and
33 in 35 ageing
34 healthy 35 ageing
36 and 37 disease

amyloid β - protein ( aβ ) aggregation is considered to be a critical step in the neurodegeneration of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 aggregation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 amyloid 8 aggregation
2 β 4 protein
2 β 7 )
2 β 8 aggregation
3 - 4 protein
4 protein 6 aβ
4 protein 7 )
5 ( 6 aβ
6 aβ 7 )
8 aggregation 9 is
9 is 10 considered
10 considered 11 to
10 considered 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 15 step
13 a 14 critical
13 a 15 step
14 critical 15 step
15 step 16 in
15 step 19 of
16 in 18 neurodegeneration
17 the 18 neurodegeneration
19 of 22 disease
20 alzheimer 21 's
21 's 22 disease
22 disease 24 ad
23 ( 24 ad
24 ad 25 )

in addition to aβ , many proteins aggregate into the amyloid state , in which they form elongated fibers with spines comprising stranded β - sheets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 elongated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 14 in
2 addition 18 elongated
3 to 4 aβ
4 aβ 6 many
5 , 6 many
6 many 7 proteins
6 many 8 aggregate
6 many 9 into
6 many 13 ,
7 proteins 8 aggregate
9 into 12 state
10 the 12 state
11 amyloid 12 state
14 in 15 which
14 in 16 they
14 in 17 form
16 they 17 form
18 elongated 19 fibers
18 elongated 20 with
20 with 21 spines
21 spines 22 comprising
22 comprising 24 β
23 stranded 24 β
25 - 26 sheets

however , the cross [-] seeding effects of other protein aggregates on aβ aggregation pathways are not completely clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 aggregates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 cross
3 the 4 cross
4 cross 6 seeding
4 cross 8 of
4 cross 11 aggregates
6 seeding 7 effects
8 of 10 protein
9 other 10 protein
11 aggregates 12 on
12 on 13 aβ
13 aβ 15 pathways
13 aβ 19 clear
14 aggregation 15 pathways
15 pathways 16 are
16 are 17 not
16 are 19 clear
18 completely 19 clear

to investigate the cross - seeding effects of exogenous and human [non] - cns amyloidogenic proteins on aβ aggregation pathways , we examined whether and how sonicated fibrils of casein , fibroin , sericin , actin , and islet amyloid polypeptide affected aβ40 and aβ42 aggregation pathways using the thioflavin t assay and electron microscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 4 cross
3 the 4 cross
5 - 22 we
5 - 23 examined
5 - 31 ,
5 - 42 affected
6 seeding 7 effects
6 seeding 21 ,
6 seeding 22 we
7 effects 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 exogenous 10 and
10 and 11 human
10 and 16 proteins
13 - 16 proteins
14 cns 16 proteins
15 amyloidogenic 16 proteins
16 proteins 17 on
16 proteins 21 ,
17 on 20 pathways
18 aβ 20 pathways
19 aggregation 20 pathways
22 we 23 examined
23 examined 25 and
23 examined 27 sonicated
24 whether 25 and
25 and 26 how
25 and 27 sonicated
27 sonicated 28 fibrils
28 fibrils 29 of
29 of 30 casein
31 , 38 and
32 fibroin 33 ,
33 , 34 sericin
33 , 35 ,
35 , 36 actin
35 , 38 and
37 , 38 and
38 and 39 islet
38 and 41 polypeptide
38 and 42 affected
40 amyloid 41 polypeptide
41 polypeptide 42 affected
42 affected 55 microscopy
43 aβ40 44 and
44 and 47 pathways
44 and 48 using
44 and 55 microscopy
45 aβ42 46 aggregation
46 aggregation 47 pathways
48 using 53 and
49 the 52 assay
50 thioflavin 51 t
50 thioflavin 52 assay
52 assay 53 and
53 and 54 electron

interestingly , the fibrillar seeds of all amyloidogenic proteins functioned as seeds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seeds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 functioned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 5 seeds
3 the 5 seeds
4 fibrillar 5 seeds
5 seeds 6 of
5 seeds 10 functioned
6 of 9 proteins
7 all 9 proteins
8 amyloidogenic 9 proteins
10 functioned 11 as
11 as 12 seeds

the cross - seeding effect of actin was stronger but that of fibroin was weaker than that of other proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 cross
3 - 4 seeding
3 - 8 was
3 - 10 but
3 - 21 .
4 seeding 5 effect
4 seeding 8 was
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 actin
8 was 9 stronger
10 but 11 that
10 but 14 was
11 that 12 of
11 that 14 was
12 of 13 fibroin
14 was 15 weaker
15 weaker 16 than
16 than 17 that
16 than 18 of
18 of 20 proteins
19 other 20 proteins

furthermore , our nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies identified the binding sites of aβ with the amyloidogenic proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 8 studies
3 our 8 studies
4 nuclear 6 resonance
5 magnetic 6 resonance
6 resonance 8 studies
7 spectroscopic 8 studies
8 studies 9 identified
9 identified 12 sites
9 identified 15 with
10 the 12 sites
11 binding 12 sites
12 sites 13 of
13 of 14 aβ
15 with 18 proteins
16 the 18 proteins
17 amyloidogenic 18 proteins

our results indicate that the amyloidogenic proteins , including those contained in foods and cosmetics , contribute to aβ aggregation by binding to aβ , suggesting their possible roles in the propagation of aβ amyloidosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 7 proteins
4 that 17 contribute
5 the 7 proteins
6 amyloidogenic 7 proteins
7 proteins 9 including
7 proteins 17 contribute
8 , 9 including
9 including 14 and
9 including 16 ,
10 those 11 contained
10 those 14 and
11 contained 12 in
12 in 13 foods
14 and 15 cosmetics
17 contribute 18 to
17 contribute 21 by
18 to 20 aggregation
19 aβ 20 aggregation
21 by 22 binding
22 binding 23 to
23 to 24 aβ
24 aβ 26 suggesting
25 , 26 suggesting
26 suggesting 29 roles
26 suggesting 30 in
26 suggesting 36 .
27 their 29 roles
28 possible 29 roles
30 in 32 propagation
31 the 32 propagation
32 propagation 33 of
33 of 35 amyloidosis
34 aβ 35 amyloidosis

nk cells represent an important component of the innate immune response against infection and tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 nk 2 cells
2 cells 3 represent
3 represent 6 component
3 represent 12 against
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 component
5 important 6 component
6 component 7 of
7 of 11 response
8 the 11 response
9 innate 11 response
10 immune 11 response
12 against 14 and
13 infection 14 and
14 and 15 tumors

age - associated changes in nk [cell] [phenotype] have [been] previously reported that can be [responsible] of functional nk cell deficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 changes
3 associated 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 9 have
5 in 6 nk
9 have 12 reported
11 previously 12 reported
12 reported 13 that
12 reported 15 be
13 that 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 17 of
17 of 21 deficiency
18 functional 20 cell
19 nk 20 cell
20 cell 21 deficiency

our results show that [cmv] seropositivity in young individuals does not significantly affect peripheral blood nk cell percentage [and] nk cell subsets defined by the use of cd56 and cd16 markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 seropositivity
4 that 13 affect
6 seropositivity 7 in
6 seropositivity 10 does
7 in 9 individuals
8 young 9 individuals
10 does 11 not
10 does 13 affect
12 significantly 13 affect
13 affect 22 subsets
13 affect 24 by
14 peripheral 22 subsets
15 blood 17 cell
16 nk 17 cell
17 cell 21 cell
18 percentage 21 cell
20 nk 21 cell
21 cell 22 subsets
22 subsets 23 defined
24 by 26 use
25 the 26 use
26 use 27 of
27 of 29 and
28 cd56 29 and
29 and 31 markers
30 cd16 31 markers

in contrast a significant increase in the percentage of nk cells is observed in elderly donors , all of them are [cmv] seropositive , when compared with young [cmv] seropositive subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 5 increase
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 increase
4 significant 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 12 is
6 in 8 percentage
7 the 8 percentage
8 percentage 9 of
9 of 11 cells
10 nk 11 cells
12 is 13 observed
13 observed 14 in
14 in 16 donors
15 elderly 16 donors
17 , 20 them
17 , 21 are
18 all 19 of
18 all 20 them
19 of 20 them
20 them 21 are
21 are 23 seropositive
23 seropositive 25 when
24 , 25 when
25 when 26 compared
25 when 32 .
26 compared 27 with
27 with 31 subjects
28 young 31 subjects
30 seropositive 31 subjects

a decrease in the percentage of cd56bright nk cells , either fully immature cd16 negative or cd16+ and an increase in the cd56 - cd16+ subset are also found in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 in
2 decrease 6 of
2 decrease 10 ,
3 in 5 percentage
4 the 5 percentage
6 of 9 cells
7 cd56bright 8 nk
8 nk 9 cells
10 , 15 negative
10 , 16 or
11 either 15 negative
12 fully 13 immature
13 immature 15 negative
14 cd16 15 negative
16 or 26 subset
16 or 27 are
17 cd16+ 18 and
18 and 20 increase
18 and 24 -
18 and 26 subset
19 an 20 increase
20 increase 21 in
21 in 23 cd56
22 the 23 cd56
25 cd16+ 26 subset
27 are 28 also
27 are 29 found
29 found 30 in
30 in 32 elderly
31 the 32 elderly

[cmv] seropositivity [either] in healthy young or elderly individuals is associated to the expression of cd94/nkg2c dimers and high expression of [cd57on] the cd56dimcd16+ nk cell subset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 seropositivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 seropositivity 4 in
2 seropositivity 10 is
4 in 9 individuals
5 healthy 6 young
5 healthy 7 or
7 or 8 elderly
7 or 9 individuals
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 to
12 to 18 and
13 the 14 expression
14 expression 15 of
14 expression 18 and
15 of 17 dimers
16 cd94/nkg2c 17 dimers
18 and 20 expression
18 and 21 of
19 high 20 expression
21 of 27 subset
23 the 27 subset
24 cd56dimcd16+ 27 subset
25 nk 27 subset
26 cell 27 subset

cd56 - cd16+ nk cells , which are expanded in the elderly , show a decreased expression of granzymes a and [b] [and] an increased expression of cd94/nkg2c and cd57 in cmv seropositive young donors when compared with cmv seronegative young individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 cd56 2 -
1 cd56 5 cells
3 cd16+ 5 cells
4 nk 5 cells
5 cells 7 which
5 cells 14 show
6 , 7 which
7 which 8 are
7 which 13 ,
8 are 9 expanded
9 expanded 10 in
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly
14 show 17 expression
14 show 29 and
14 show 36 when
15 a 17 expression
16 decreased 17 expression
17 expression 18 of
17 expression 27 of
18 of 21 and
19 granzymes 20 a
19 granzymes 21 and
21 and 26 expression
24 an 26 expression
25 increased 26 expression
27 of 28 cd94/nkg2c
29 and 30 cd57
29 and 35 donors
30 cd57 31 in
31 in 32 cmv
33 seropositive 35 donors
34 young 35 donors
36 when 37 compared
37 compared 38 with
38 with 39 cmv
38 with 42 individuals
40 seronegative 42 individuals
41 young 42 individuals

these results indicate that [cmv] and age have a different effect [on] nk cell phenotype and emphasize the relevance of including the determination of cmv serostatus in those studies addressed to analyze the immune response in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 16 and
3 indicate 6 and
3 indicate 8 have
3 indicate 16 and
4 that 6 and
6 and 7 age
6 and 8 have
8 have 15 phenotype
9 a 15 phenotype
10 different 11 effect
11 effect 14 cell
13 nk 14 cell
14 cell 15 phenotype
16 and 17 emphasize
16 and 26 serostatus
17 emphasize 19 relevance
18 the 19 relevance
19 relevance 20 of
20 of 21 including
21 including 23 determination
22 the 23 determination
23 determination 24 of
24 of 25 cmv
26 serostatus 27 in
26 serostatus 36 in
27 in 29 studies
28 those 29 studies
29 studies 30 addressed
30 addressed 31 to
31 to 32 analyze
32 analyze 35 response
33 the 35 response
34 immune 35 response
36 in 38 elderly
37 the 38 elderly

background aims : flap [necrosis] is the most commonly encountered outcome influencing the effect of operations in clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 background 2 aims
3 : 4 flap
3 : 6 is
3 : 20 .
4 flap 6 is
6 is 12 influencing
6 is 14 effect
7 the 8 most
8 most 12 influencing
9 commonly 10 encountered
10 encountered 11 outcome
11 outcome 12 influencing
13 the 14 effect
14 effect 15 of
15 of 16 operations
16 operations 17 in
17 in 19 practice
18 clinical 19 practice

the advent of cytotherapy and regenerative medicine with stem cells , especially adipose - derived stem cell therapy , appears to be a promising approach in providing multi - lineage differentiating cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 advent
2 advent 3 of
2 advent 5 and
3 of 4 cytotherapy
5 and 7 medicine
5 and 8 with
6 regenerative 7 medicine
8 with 10 cells
9 stem 10 cells
11 , 13 adipose
11 , 20 appears
12 especially 13 adipose
13 adipose 18 therapy
13 adipose 20 appears
14 - 18 therapy
15 derived 16 stem
16 stem 18 therapy
17 cell 18 therapy
18 therapy 19 ,
20 appears 21 to
21 to 22 be
22 be 25 approach
22 be 26 in
23 a 24 promising
23 a 25 approach
24 promising 25 approach
26 in 27 providing
27 providing 30 lineage
28 multi 29 -
28 multi 30 lineage
30 lineage 31 differentiating
31 differentiating 32 cells

however , autologous stem cells are limited in both [quantity] and quality in aging individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 cells
3 autologous 4 stem
4 stem 5 cells
5 cells 6 are
6 are 7 limited
7 limited 8 in
7 limited 13 in
8 in 11 and
9 both 11 and
11 and 12 quality
13 in 14 aging
14 aging 15 individuals

hence , xenogenic stem cell therapy was used in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 6 therapy
3 xenogenic 4 stem
4 stem 6 therapy
5 cell 6 therapy
6 therapy 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 in
9 in 11 study
10 this 11 study

methods : random pattern flaps ( 6 cm × 2 [cm] ) were prepared in a rabbit model transplanted either with 4 × 10 ( 5 ) human adipose - derived stem cells at five sites or equal volumes of dulbecco 's modified eagle 's medium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
2 : 5 flaps
2 : 13 were
2 : 30 -
2 : 37 or
3 random 4 pattern
4 pattern 5 flaps
5 flaps 9 ×
5 flaps 13 were
6 ( 9 ×
7 6 8 cm
8 cm 9 ×
9 × 10 2
9 × 12 )
13 were 14 prepared
14 prepared 15 in
14 prepared 21 with
15 in 18 model
16 a 18 model
17 rabbit 18 model
18 model 19 transplanted
19 transplanted 20 either
21 with 23 ×
21 with 29 adipose
22 4 23 ×
23 × 24 10
23 × 26 5
25 ( 26 5
26 5 27 )
28 human 29 adipose
30 - 31 derived
30 - 32 stem
31 derived 32 stem
32 stem 33 cells
33 cells 34 at
34 at 36 sites
35 five 36 sites
37 or 41 dulbecco
37 or 42 's
38 equal 39 volumes
39 volumes 40 of
39 volumes 41 dulbecco
40 of 41 dulbecco
41 dulbecco 42 's
42 's 43 modified
43 modified 46 medium
44 eagle 45 's
45 's 46 medium

at 7 days after operation , the viability of the flaps from both groups was evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 viability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 at 3 days
1 at 6 ,
1 at 8 viability
2 7 3 days
3 days 4 after
4 after 5 operation
7 the 8 viability
8 viability 9 of
8 viability 15 was
9 of 11 flaps
10 the 11 flaps
11 flaps 12 from
12 from 14 groups
13 both 14 groups
15 was 16 evaluated

we determined the numbers of locally infiltrating t [cells] , whereas the cd4/cd8 ratio [,] interferon , interleukin ( il ) - 2 , il - 4 and il - 10 in the serum were determined to evaluate the immunological response of the rabbit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 we 2 determined
2 determined 4 numbers
3 the 4 numbers
4 numbers 5 of
5 of 7 infiltrating
6 locally 7 infiltrating
7 infiltrating 8 t
10 , 31 10
10 , 35 were
11 whereas 16 interferon
11 whereas 31 10
12 the 16 interferon
13 cd4/cd8 14 ratio
14 ratio 16 interferon
16 interferon 18 interleukin
16 interferon 25 il
17 , 18 interleukin
18 interleukin 20 il
18 interleukin 23 2
18 interleukin 24 ,
19 ( 20 il
20 il 21 )
22 - 23 2
23 2 24 ,
24 , 25 il
25 il 29 il
25 il 30 -
26 - 29 il
27 4 28 and
28 and 29 il
29 il 30 -
31 10 32 in
31 10 35 were
32 in 34 serum
33 the 34 serum
35 were 36 determined
36 determined 37 to
36 determined 38 evaluate
37 to 38 evaluate
38 evaluate 41 response
39 the 41 response
40 immunological 41 response
41 response 42 of
42 of 44 rabbit
43 the 44 rabbit

moreover , dil labeling was administrated to trace the homing of the transplanted stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 labeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 administrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 labeling
3 dil 4 labeling
4 labeling 5 was
5 was 6 administrated
6 administrated 7 to
7 to 8 trace
8 trace 10 homing
9 the 10 homing
10 homing 11 of
11 of 15 cells
12 the 15 cells
13 transplanted 14 stem
14 stem 15 cells

results : both the survival areas and the capillary number of the flaps that were injected with human adipose - derived stem cells significantly increased as compared with the control group ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 both
3 both 4 the
3 both 6 areas
4 the 6 areas
5 survival 6 areas
7 and 10 number
7 and 25 increased
8 the 10 number
9 capillary 10 number
10 number 11 of
10 number 14 that
10 number 15 were
10 number 22 stem
11 of 13 flaps
12 the 13 flaps
14 that 15 were
15 were 16 injected
16 injected 17 with
16 injected 20 -
16 injected 21 derived
17 with 19 adipose
18 human 19 adipose
23 cells 25 increased
24 significantly 25 increased
25 increased 26 as
26 as 27 compared
27 compared 28 with
27 compared 34 <
28 with 31 group
29 the 31 group
30 control 31 group
32 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.05
34 < 36 )

additionally , no significant difference in the immune response was detected between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
5 difference 10 was
6 in 9 response
7 the 9 response
8 immune 9 response
10 was 11 detected
11 detected 12 between
12 between 14 groups
13 the 14 groups

dil - labeled stem cells were found to participate in the formation of tubular structures , which were further shown to be cd31+ , [although] not [predominantly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 dil 2 -
1 dil 5 cells
3 labeled 4 stem
4 stem 5 cells
5 cells 6 were
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 to
8 to 9 participate
9 participate 10 in
10 in 12 formation
11 the 12 formation
12 formation 13 of
13 of 15 structures
14 tubular 15 structures
16 , 17 which
16 , 20 shown
16 , 24 ,
17 which 18 were
18 were 20 shown
19 further 20 shown
20 shown 21 to
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 cd31+
24 , 26 not

conclusions : human adipose - derived stem cells could be used therapeutically to improve the viability of random pattern flaps without detection of serious immune rejection of stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 adipose
3 human 4 adipose
5 - 10 be
6 derived 7 stem
7 stem 8 cells
8 cells 9 could
9 could 10 be
10 be 11 used
11 used 13 to
11 used 14 improve
12 therapeutically 13 to
13 to 14 improve
14 improve 16 viability
15 the 16 viability
16 viability 17 of
16 viability 21 without
16 viability 23 of
17 of 20 flaps
18 random 19 pattern
19 pattern 20 flaps
21 without 22 detection
23 of 26 rejection
24 serious 26 rejection
25 immune 26 rejection
26 rejection 27 of
27 of 29 cells
28 stem 29 cells

the yam tuber is a traditional chinese medicine used in long - term treatment as a juvenescent substance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tuber
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 tuber
2 yam 3 tuber
3 tuber 4 is
4 is 8 medicine
5 a 6 traditional
5 a 8 medicine
6 traditional 8 medicine
7 chinese 8 medicine
8 medicine 9 used
9 used 10 in
9 used 15 as
10 in 14 treatment
11 long 12 -
11 long 13 term
13 term 14 treatment
15 as 18 substance
16 a 18 substance
17 juvenescent 18 substance

the purified yam tuber 's major water - soluble protein , dioscorin , and its protease hydrolysates have been reported to have several biological activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 water
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 4 tuber
2 purified 3 yam
3 yam 4 tuber
4 tuber 5 's
5 's 7 water
6 major 7 water
8 - 10 protein
8 - 11 ,
9 soluble 10 protein
11 , 12 dioscorin
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 hydrolysates
14 and 20 reported
15 its 17 hydrolysates
16 protease 17 hydrolysates
17 hydrolysates 18 have
18 have 19 been
19 been 20 reported
20 reported 21 to
20 reported 22 have
21 to 22 have
22 have 25 activities
23 several 25 activities
24 biological 25 activities

in this study , d - galactose ( gal ) was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal necks of balb/c mice daily for 10 weeks ( gal [group] ) to induce oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 injected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 this
1 in 3 study
3 study 6 -
3 study 11 was
4 , 6 -
5 d 6 -
6 - 7 galactose
6 - 10 )
7 galactose 9 gal
8 ( 9 gal
9 gal 10 )
11 was 12 subcutaneously
11 was 13 injected
13 injected 14 into
13 injected 29 to
14 into 17 necks
15 the 17 necks
16 dorsal 17 necks
17 necks 18 of
18 of 20 mice
19 balb/c 20 mice
20 mice 21 daily
20 mice 26 gal
21 daily 22 for
22 for 24 weeks
23 10 24 weeks
25 ( 26 gal
26 gal 28 )
29 to 30 induce
30 induce 32 stress
31 oxidative 32 stress

by the fifth week , 20 or 80 [mg] [dioscorin/kg] [was] orally administered daily combined with a daily gal injection until the end of the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 combined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 by 4 week
1 by 5 ,
1 by 7 or
2 the 3 fifth
2 the 4 week
6 20 7 or
7 or 8 80
7 or 13 administered
7 or 15 combined
12 orally 13 administered
14 daily 15 combined
15 combined 16 with
15 combined 21 until
16 with 20 injection
17 a 20 injection
18 daily 20 injection
19 gal 20 injection
21 until 23 end
22 the 23 end
23 end 24 of
24 of 26 study
25 the 26 study

the plasma malondialdehyde ( mda ) level and advanced glycation end - products obtained after dioscorin oral administrations were lower compared to the gal group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 end
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 the 7 level
2 plasma 7 level
3 malondialdehyde 5 mda
3 malondialdehyde 6 )
3 malondialdehyde 7 level
4 ( 5 mda
5 mda 6 )
7 level 8 and
8 and 10 glycation
8 and 11 end
9 advanced 10 glycation
12 - 13 products
12 - 25 group
12 - 26 .
13 products 14 obtained
13 products 25 group
14 obtained 15 after
14 obtained 22 to
15 after 18 administrations
15 after 21 compared
16 dioscorin 18 administrations
17 oral 18 administrations
18 administrations 19 were
19 were 20 lower
19 were 21 compared
22 to 24 gal
23 the 24 gal

in addition , the latency and swimming distance in the mice that received dioscorin administration were significantly improved compared to the gal group in the morris water maze . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 6 and
1 in 23 group
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 5 latency
3 , 6 and
4 the 5 latency
6 and 8 distance
6 and 9 in
6 and 18 improved
6 and 20 to
7 swimming 8 distance
9 in 11 mice
10 the 11 mice
11 mice 12 that
11 mice 13 received
12 that 13 received
13 received 14 dioscorin
14 dioscorin 15 administration
14 dioscorin 16 were
15 administration 16 were
17 significantly 18 improved
18 improved 19 compared
20 to 22 gal
21 the 22 gal
23 group 24 in
24 in 28 maze
25 the 28 maze
26 morris 28 maze
27 water 28 maze

dioscorin administration resulted in higher gsh levels and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity ( orac ) activity and lower mda and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( inos ) levels in the brain compared to mice in the gal group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 administration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 dioscorin 2 administration
2 administration 3 resulted
3 resulted 4 in
4 in 17 and
5 higher 7 levels
6 gsh 7 levels
7 levels 8 and
8 and 12 capacity
8 and 14 orac
8 and 16 activity
9 oxygen 12 capacity
10 radical 12 capacity
11 antioxidant 12 capacity
13 ( 14 orac
14 orac 15 )
16 activity 17 and
17 and 19 mda
18 lower 19 mda
20 and 24 synthase
20 and 28 levels
21 inducible 24 synthase
22 nitric 23 oxide
23 oxide 24 synthase
24 synthase 26 inos
24 synthase 28 levels
25 ( 26 inos
26 inos 27 )
28 levels 29 in
28 levels 33 to
28 levels 35 in
29 in 31 brain
30 the 31 brain
31 brain 32 compared
33 to 34 mice
35 in 38 group
36 the 38 group
37 gal 38 group

these elevated antioxidant activities following oral administration of yam dioscorin in vivo may reflect traditional juvenescent uses with the potential for anti - aging treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 4 activities
2 elevated 4 activities
3 antioxidant 4 activities
4 activities 5 following
4 activities 13 may
5 following 7 administration
6 oral 7 administration
7 administration 8 of
8 of 10 dioscorin
9 yam 10 dioscorin
11 in 12 vivo
12 vivo 13 may
13 may 14 reflect
14 reflect 17 uses
15 traditional 17 uses
16 juvenescent 17 uses
17 uses 18 with
17 uses 21 for
18 with 20 potential
19 the 20 potential
21 for 25 treatments
22 anti 23 -
22 anti 25 treatments
24 aging 25 treatments

the ability of the human immune system to repel infections is drastically diminished with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 diminished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 ability
2 ability 3 of
2 ability 8 to
2 ability 9 repel
2 ability 11 is
3 of 7 system
4 the 7 system
5 human 7 system
6 immune 7 system
8 to 9 repel
9 repel 10 infections
11 is 13 diminished
12 drastically 13 diminished
13 diminished 14 with
14 with 15 age

elderly individuals are more susceptible to new threats and [are] less able to control endogenous infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 elderly 2 individuals
2 individuals 3 are
3 are 4 more
3 are 9 and
5 susceptible 6 to
5 susceptible 9 and
6 to 8 threats
7 new 8 threats
9 and 12 able
9 and 13 to
9 and 14 control
11 less 12 able
13 to 14 control
14 control 16 infections
15 endogenous 16 infections

the thymus , which is the sole source of new [t] cells , has been proposed as a target for regenerative efforts to improve immune competence , as thymic activity is dramatically reduced after puberty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thymus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 thymus
2 thymus 4 which
2 thymus 14 has
3 , 4 which
4 which 5 is
4 which 13 ,
5 is 8 source
6 the 8 source
7 sole 8 source
8 source 9 of
9 of 12 cells
10 new 12 cells
14 has 15 been
15 been 16 proposed
16 proposed 17 as
16 proposed 34 after
17 as 19 target
18 a 19 target
19 target 20 for
19 target 33 reduced
20 for 22 efforts
21 regenerative 22 efforts
22 efforts 23 to
22 efforts 24 improve
23 to 24 improve
24 improve 26 competence
25 immune 26 competence
27 , 33 reduced
28 as 30 activity
28 as 33 reduced
29 thymic 30 activity
30 activity 31 is
31 is 33 reduced
32 dramatically 33 reduced
34 after 35 puberty

in this review , we review the role of the thymus in the maintenance of [t] cell homeostasis throughout life and contrast the differences in mice and humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 21 and
6 review 8 role
6 review 12 in
6 review 19 throughout
6 review 21 and
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 11 thymus
10 the 11 thymus
12 in 14 maintenance
13 the 14 maintenance
14 maintenance 15 of
15 of 18 homeostasis
17 cell 18 homeostasis
19 throughout 20 life
21 and 22 contrast
22 contrast 24 differences
22 contrast 25 in
23 the 24 differences
25 in 27 and
26 mice 27 and
27 and 28 humans

we propose that in humans , lack of thymic [t] cell generation does not [explain] a decline in [t] cell receptor diversity nor [would] thymic rejuvenation restore diversity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 7 lack
3 that 13 does
4 in 5 humans
4 in 6 ,
4 in 7 lack
7 lack 8 of
7 lack 13 does
8 of 12 generation
9 thymic 11 cell
11 cell 12 generation
14 not 23 nor
14 not 27 restore
16 a 17 decline
17 decline 18 in
17 decline 23 nor
18 in 22 diversity
20 cell 21 receptor
21 receptor 22 diversity
23 nor 26 rejuvenation
23 nor 27 restore
25 thymic 26 rejuvenation
27 restore 28 diversity

initial studies using next generation sequencing are beginning to establish lower boundaries of t cell receptor diversity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 initial 2 studies
2 studies 3 using
2 studies 7 are
3 using 4 next
3 using 6 sequencing
5 generation 6 sequencing
7 are 8 beginning
8 beginning 9 to
8 beginning 17 diversity
9 to 10 establish
10 establish 12 boundaries
11 lower 12 boundaries
12 boundaries 13 of
13 of 14 t
15 cell 17 diversity
16 receptor 17 diversity

with increasing sequencing depth and the development of new statistical models , we are now in the position to test this model and to assess the impact of age on t cell diversity and clonality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 with 2 increasing
1 with 5 and
3 sequencing 4 depth
4 depth 5 and
5 and 7 development
5 and 12 ,
5 and 13 we
5 and 14 are
5 and 29 age
6 the 7 development
7 development 8 of
8 of 11 models
9 new 11 models
10 statistical 11 models
13 we 14 are
14 are 15 now
14 are 16 in
16 in 18 position
17 the 18 position
18 position 19 to
18 position 28 of
19 to 23 and
20 test 22 model
20 test 23 and
21 this 22 model
23 and 24 to
23 and 25 assess
24 to 25 assess
25 assess 27 impact
26 the 27 impact
27 impact 28 of
29 age 30 on
29 age 34 and
30 on 31 t
32 cell 33 diversity
33 diversity 34 and
34 and 35 clonality

chronic [cytomegalovirus] ( cmv ) infection may contribute significantly to t - cell immunosenescence , chronic inflammation , and adverse health outcomes in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 chronic 4 cmv
1 chronic 6 infection
3 ( 4 cmv
4 cmv 5 )
6 infection 7 may
7 may 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 significantly
8 contribute 10 to
10 to 11 t
12 - 19 and
12 - 26 .
13 cell 14 immunosenescence
14 immunosenescence 15 ,
15 , 17 inflammation
15 , 19 and
16 chronic 17 inflammation
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 outcomes
19 and 23 in
20 adverse 21 health
21 health 22 outcomes
23 in 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

recent studies suggest detectable [cmv] dna in peripheral monocytes as a better indicator for this persistent viral infection than anti - [cmv] igg serology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 dna
3 suggest 10 as
3 suggest 19 than
4 detectable 6 dna
6 dna 7 in
7 in 9 monocytes
8 peripheral 9 monocytes
10 as 13 indicator
11 a 13 indicator
12 better 13 indicator
13 indicator 14 for
14 for 18 infection
15 this 16 persistent
16 persistent 18 infection
17 viral 18 infection
19 than 24 serology
20 anti 21 -
20 anti 24 serology
23 igg 24 serology

here , we conducted longitudinal comparisons of anti - [cmv] igg titers , [cmv] dna in the peripheral [monocytes] , serum il - 6 levels , and [cmv] pp65 ( nlv ) - specific cd8 ( [+] [ )(t - cell frequencies in fifteen community - dwelling older women with twelve year follow - up . 
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 6 comparisons
5 longitudinal 6 comparisons
6 comparisons 7 of
7 of 15 dna
8 anti 12 titers
8 anti 15 dna
9 - 12 titers
11 igg 12 titers
12 titers 13 ,
15 dna 16 in
16 in 22 il
17 the 21 serum
18 peripheral 20 ,
18 peripheral 21 serum
21 serum 22 il
22 il 33 -
23 - 33 -
24 6 25 levels
25 levels 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 pp65
27 and 31 nlv
27 and 33 -
30 ( 31 nlv
31 nlv 32 )
33 - 42 frequencies
34 specific 41 cell
35 cd8 39 )(t
35 cd8 41 cell
36 ( 39 )(t
39 )(t 40 -
41 cell 42 frequencies
42 frequencies 43 in
42 frequencies 47 dwelling
43 in 45 community
44 fifteen 45 community
46 - 47 dwelling
47 dwelling 49 women
47 dwelling 53 follow
47 dwelling 56 .
48 older 49 women
49 women 50 with
49 women 53 follow
50 with 52 year
51 twelve 52 year
53 follow 55 up
54 - 55 up
55 up 56 .

the results showed that anti - [cmv] igg titers did not change over twelve years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 8 igg
3 showed 9 titers
3 showed 12 change
4 that 5 anti
5 anti 6 -
5 anti 8 igg
9 titers 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 change
12 change 13 over
13 over 15 years
14 twelve 15 years

women with detectable [cmv] dna had significantly higher [il] - 6 levels than those [without] , both at baseline ( 3.06±0.58 vs 1.19±0.37pg/ml , [respectively] , p<.001 ) and at the [follow] [-] up ( 3.23±0.66 versus 0.98±0.37pg/ml , [respectively] , p<.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 women 2 with
1 women 6 had
2 with 5 dna
3 detectable 5 dna
6 had 12 levels
6 had 13 than
7 significantly 8 higher
8 higher 10 -
8 higher 12 levels
11 6 12 levels
13 than 14 those
14 those 17 both
16 , 17 both
17 both 29 and
17 both 43 )
18 at 19 baseline
18 at 29 and
19 baseline 21 3.06±0.58
19 baseline 27 p<.001
20 ( 21 3.06±0.58
21 3.06±0.58 22 vs
21 3.06±0.58 24 ,
22 vs 23 1.19±0.37pg/ml
26 , 27 p<.001
27 p<.001 28 )
29 and 30 at
30 at 42 p<.001
31 the 42 p<.001
34 up 36 3.23±0.66
34 up 41 ,
34 up 42 p<.001
35 ( 36 3.23±0.66
36 3.23±0.66 37 versus
36 3.23±0.66 39 ,
37 versus 38 0.98±0.37pg/ml

in addition [,] cmv pp65 ( nlv ) - specific cd8 [(] [+] [ )(t cells were detected only in women who had cmv dna with similar frequencies at both time points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 cd8
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 11 cd8
2 addition 4 cmv
5 pp65 7 nlv
5 pp65 9 -
5 pp65 11 cd8
6 ( 7 nlv
7 nlv 8 )
10 specific 11 cd8
11 cd8 15 )(t
11 cd8 16 cells
11 cd8 17 were
11 cd8 18 detected
16 cells 17 were
18 detected 19 only
18 detected 25 dna
18 detected 26 with
18 detected 29 at
19 only 20 in
20 in 21 women
21 women 22 who
21 women 23 had
22 who 23 had
23 had 24 cmv
26 with 28 frequencies
27 similar 28 frequencies
29 at 32 points
30 both 32 points
31 time 32 points

these findings indicate that anti - [cmv] igg serology is neither sensitive to change nor useful for monitoring chronic [cmv] infection over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 9 serology
4 that 10 is
5 anti 6 -
5 anti 9 serology
8 igg 9 serology
9 serology 10 is
10 is 15 nor
11 neither 15 nor
12 sensitive 13 to
12 sensitive 15 nor
13 to 14 change
15 nor 16 useful
16 useful 17 for
17 for 18 monitoring
18 monitoring 21 infection
18 monitoring 22 over
19 chronic 21 infection
22 over 23 time

they also provide a basis for further investigation into chronic [cmv] infection as defined by detectable [cmv] dna in the peripheral monocytes and its impact on immunity and health in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 they 3 provide
2 also 3 provide
3 provide 5 basis
3 provide 15 by
3 provide 19 in
4 a 5 basis
5 basis 6 for
5 basis 9 into
5 basis 14 defined
6 for 8 investigation
7 further 8 investigation
9 into 12 infection
10 chronic 12 infection
13 as 14 defined
15 by 18 dna
16 detectable 18 dna
19 in 28 and
20 the 22 monocytes
21 peripheral 22 monocytes
22 monocytes 23 and
23 and 25 impact
23 and 26 on
23 and 28 and
24 its 25 impact
26 on 27 immunity
28 and 29 health
28 and 30 in
30 in 32 elderly
31 the 32 elderly

dna topoisomerases pass dna strands through each other [,] a function essential for all dna metabolic processes that [create] supercoils or entanglements of dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 topoisomerases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 dna 2 topoisomerases
2 topoisomerases 3 pass
3 pass 5 strands
3 pass 11 function
3 pass 21 or
4 dna 5 strands
5 strands 6 through
6 through 8 other
7 each 8 other
10 a 11 function
11 function 12 essential
11 function 18 that
11 function 20 supercoils
12 essential 13 for
13 for 17 processes
14 all 17 processes
15 dna 17 processes
16 metabolic 17 processes
18 that 20 supercoils
21 or 22 entanglements
22 entanglements 23 of
23 of 24 dna

topoisomerases play an ambivalent role in nuclear genome maintenance : deficiency compromises gene transcription , replication and chromosome segregation , while the inherent dna - cleavage activity of the enzymes endangers dna integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 topoisomerases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 topoisomerases 2 play
2 play 5 role
2 play 6 in
3 an 4 ambivalent
3 an 5 role
4 ambivalent 5 role
6 in 9 maintenance
7 nuclear 8 genome
8 genome 9 maintenance
10 : 17 and
10 : 20 ,
11 deficiency 14 transcription
12 compromises 14 transcription
13 gene 14 transcription
14 transcription 15 ,
15 , 16 replication
15 , 17 and
17 and 19 segregation
18 chromosome 19 segregation
20 , 27 activity
20 , 31 endangers
21 while 24 dna
21 while 25 -
21 while 27 activity
22 the 24 dna
23 inherent 24 dna
26 cleavage 27 activity
27 activity 28 of
27 activity 31 endangers
28 of 30 enzymes
29 the 30 enzymes
31 endangers 33 integrity
32 dna 33 integrity

indeed , many dna [-] damaging agents act through enhancing topoisomerase dna [cleavage] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 act
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 4 dna
3 many 4 dna
4 dna 6 damaging
4 dna 8 act
6 damaging 7 agents
8 act 9 through
9 through 10 enhancing
10 enhancing 12 dna
11 topoisomerase 12 dna

mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) clearly requires topoisomerase activity for transcription and replication , because it is a closed [,] double - stranded dna molecule . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 requires
1 mitochondrial 2 dna
2 dna 4 mtdna
2 dna 7 requires
3 ( 4 mtdna
4 mtdna 5 )
6 clearly 7 requires
7 requires 9 activity
7 requires 10 for
7 requires 15 because
8 topoisomerase 9 activity
10 for 12 and
11 transcription 12 and
12 and 13 replication
14 , 15 because
15 because 16 it
15 because 17 is
15 because 26 .
16 it 17 is
17 is 25 molecule
18 a 25 molecule
19 closed 25 molecule
21 double 22 -
21 double 25 molecule
23 stranded 25 molecule
24 dna 25 molecule

three topoisomerases have so [far] been found in mammalian mitochondria [(] i , iiβ , iiiα ) , but their precise role in mtdna metabolism , mitochondrial maintenance and respiratory function remains mostly unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 topoisomerases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 three 2 topoisomerases
2 topoisomerases 3 have
3 have 6 been
4 so 6 been
6 been 7 found
7 found 8 in
8 in 10 mitochondria
9 mammalian 10 mitochondria
10 mitochondria 12 i
10 mitochondria 14 iiβ
13 , 14 iiβ
14 iiβ 16 iiiα
14 iiβ 17 )
15 , 16 iiiα
16 iiiα 17 )
18 , 19 but
19 but 22 role
19 but 32 remains
20 their 22 role
21 precise 22 role
22 role 23 in
22 role 32 remains
23 in 29 and
24 mtdna 25 metabolism
25 metabolism 26 ,
26 , 28 maintenance
26 , 29 and
27 mitochondrial 28 maintenance
29 and 31 function
30 respiratory 31 function
32 remains 34 unclear
33 mostly 34 unclear

it is [a] [reasonable] surmise that these enzymes exhibit similar ambiguity with respect to genome maintenance and gene transcription as their nuclear counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 surmise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 5 surmise
5 surmise 6 that
6 that 8 enzymes
6 that 9 exhibit
7 these 8 enzymes
8 enzymes 9 exhibit
9 exhibit 11 ambiguity
9 exhibit 12 with
9 exhibit 14 to
10 similar 11 ambiguity
12 with 13 respect
14 to 17 and
15 genome 16 maintenance
16 maintenance 17 and
17 and 19 transcription
17 and 20 as
18 gene 19 transcription
20 as 23 counterparts
21 their 23 counterparts
22 nuclear 23 counterparts

here , we review what is known about the physiological roles of mitochondrial topoisomerases and draft three scenarios of how these enzymes possibly contribute to ageing - related mtdna attrition and respiratory chain dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 15 and
4 review 5 what
4 review 15 and
5 what 6 is
6 is 7 known
7 known 8 about
8 about 11 roles
9 the 11 roles
10 physiological 11 roles
11 roles 12 of
12 of 14 topoisomerases
13 mitochondrial 14 topoisomerases
15 and 16 draft
15 and 25 to
16 draft 18 scenarios
17 three 18 scenarios
18 scenarios 19 of
19 of 20 how
20 how 22 enzymes
20 how 24 contribute
21 these 22 enzymes
22 enzymes 24 contribute
23 possibly 24 contribute
25 to 26 ageing
27 - 28 related
28 related 31 and
29 mtdna 30 attrition
30 attrition 31 and
31 and 34 dysfunction
32 respiratory 34 dysfunction
33 chain 34 dysfunction

these scenarios are : mtdna attrition by exogenously stimulated topoisomerase dna cleavage [,] unbalancing of mitochondrial and nuclear transcription by direct effects on mitochondrial transcription , and contributions to enhanced mtdna entanglement and recombination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scenarios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mtdna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 scenarios
2 scenarios 3 are
4 : 5 mtdna
5 mtdna 6 attrition
5 mtdna 7 by
7 by 14 unbalancing
8 exogenously 9 stimulated
9 stimulated 10 topoisomerase
10 topoisomerase 12 cleavage
11 dna 12 cleavage
12 cleavage 14 unbalancing
14 unbalancing 15 of
15 of 27 and
16 mitochondrial 17 and
17 and 18 nuclear
17 and 19 transcription
19 transcription 20 by
19 transcription 27 and
20 by 22 effects
21 direct 22 effects
22 effects 23 on
23 on 25 transcription
24 mitochondrial 25 transcription
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 contributions
27 and 29 to
29 to 33 and
30 enhanced 31 mtdna
31 mtdna 32 entanglement
32 entanglement 33 and
33 and 34 recombination

aging significantly decreases the influenza vaccine [-] specific response as we and others have previously shown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 aging 3 decreases
2 significantly 3 decreases
3 decreases 9 response
3 decreases 10 as
4 the 9 response
5 influenza 9 response
6 vaccine 9 response
8 specific 9 response
10 as 16 shown
11 we 12 and
12 and 13 others
12 and 14 have
14 have 16 shown
15 previously 16 shown

based on our previous data in aged mice , we hypothesize that the inflammatory status of the individual and [of] [b] cells [themselves] [would] impact b cell function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 6 in
1 based 9 ,
1 based 10 we
2 on 5 data
3 our 4 previous
3 our 5 data
6 in 8 mice
7 aged 8 mice
10 we 11 hypothesize
11 hypothesize 12 that
12 that 19 and
12 that 28 function
13 the 15 status
14 inflammatory 15 status
15 status 16 of
15 status 19 and
16 of 18 individual
17 the 18 individual
19 and 27 cell
19 and 28 function
22 cells 27 cell
25 impact 26 b
25 impact 27 cell

we [here] show that the ability to generate a vaccine [-] specific antibody response is negatively correlated with levels of serum tnf - α . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 ability
4 that 17 correlated
5 the 6 ability
6 ability 7 to
6 ability 8 generate
6 ability 15 is
7 to 8 generate
8 generate 14 response
9 a 10 vaccine
9 a 14 response
10 vaccine 14 response
12 specific 13 antibody
13 antibody 14 response
15 is 16 negatively
15 is 17 correlated
17 correlated 18 with
17 correlated 23 -
17 correlated 24 α
18 with 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 22 tnf
21 serum 22 tnf

moreover , human unstimulated [b] cells from elderly [make] higher levels of tnf [-] α than those from young individuals , and these positively correlate with serum tnf - α levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 α
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 6 cells
3 human 6 cells
4 unstimulated 6 cells
6 cells 7 from
6 cells 12 of
6 cells 15 α
7 from 11 levels
8 elderly 11 levels
10 higher 11 levels
12 of 13 tnf
15 α 16 than
16 than 17 those
16 than 30 α
16 than 31 levels
17 those 18 from
17 those 25 correlate
18 from 22 and
19 young 20 individuals
20 individuals 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 these
24 positively 25 correlate
25 correlate 26 with
26 with 27 serum
28 tnf 29 -
28 tnf 30 α

these all negatively correlate with b cell function [,] measured by activation - induced cytidine deaminase , the enzyme of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 4 correlate
2 all 4 correlate
3 negatively 4 correlate
4 correlate 5 with
4 correlate 11 by
5 with 6 b
5 with 10 measured
7 cell 8 function
8 function 10 measured
11 by 12 activation
12 activation 16 deaminase
13 - 16 deaminase
14 induced 15 cytidine
15 cytidine 16 deaminase
16 deaminase 17 ,
17 , 24 and
18 the 19 enzyme
19 enzyme 20 of
19 enzyme 24 and
20 of 23 recombination
21 class 23 recombination
22 switch 23 recombination
24 and 26 hypermutation
25 somatic 26 hypermutation

only memory b cells ( either igm [or] switched ) , but not naïve [b] cells , make appreciable levels of tnf - α and more [in] elderly as compared [to] young individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 only 4 cells
2 memory 3 b
2 memory 4 cells
4 cells 7 igm
4 cells 12 but
4 cells 18 make
5 ( 7 igm
6 either 7 igm
7 igm 9 switched
7 igm 10 )
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 not
12 but 16 cells
12 but 17 ,
13 not 14 naïve
14 naïve 16 cells
18 make 20 levels
19 appreciable 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 22 tnf
23 - 25 and
23 - 34 .
24 α 25 and
25 and 33 individuals
26 more 28 elderly
28 elderly 33 individuals
29 as 30 compared
30 compared 33 individuals
32 young 33 individuals

finally , an anti - tnf - α antibody can increase the response in cultured [b] cells from the elderly , suggesting that tnf - α secreted by memory b cells affects igm memory b cells and naïve [b] cells in an autocrine [and/or] paracrine manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 antibody
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 9 antibody
3 an 4 anti
3 an 9 antibody
4 anti 6 tnf
4 anti 7 -
4 anti 8 α
5 - 6 tnf
6 tnf 7 -
8 α 9 antibody
9 antibody 10 can
10 can 11 increase
11 increase 13 response
11 increase 14 in
11 increase 18 from
12 the 13 response
14 in 17 cells
15 cultured 17 cells
18 from 20 elderly
19 the 20 elderly
21 , 26 α
21 , 32 affects
22 suggesting 24 tnf
22 suggesting 25 -
22 suggesting 26 α
23 that 24 tnf
26 α 27 secreted
26 α 32 affects
27 secreted 28 by
28 by 31 cells
29 memory 30 b
29 memory 31 cells
32 affects 37 and
32 affects 41 in
33 igm 36 cells
34 memory 35 b
34 memory 36 cells
36 cells 37 and
37 and 40 cells
38 naïve 40 cells
41 in 46 manner
42 an 46 manner
43 autocrine 46 manner
45 paracrine 46 manner

our results show an additional mechanism [for] reduced [b] cell function in the elderly and [propose] [b] cell - derived tnf - α as another predictive biomarker of in [vivo] and in [vitro] b cell responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 11 function
3 show 36 responses
4 an 5 additional
4 an 11 function
5 additional 6 mechanism
6 mechanism 11 function
8 reduced 10 cell
10 cell 11 function
11 function 12 in
11 function 23 α
12 in 15 and
13 the 14 elderly
14 elderly 15 and
15 and 18 cell
15 and 21 tnf
19 - 21 tnf
20 derived 21 tnf
21 tnf 22 -
23 α 24 as
24 as 27 biomarker
25 another 27 biomarker
26 predictive 27 biomarker
27 biomarker 28 of
28 of 31 and
29 in 31 and
31 and 32 in
31 and 34 b
35 cell 36 responses

aging leads to reduced immunity , especially adaptive responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 aging 2 leads
2 leads 3 to
3 to 5 immunity
4 reduced 5 immunity
6 , 9 responses
7 especially 8 adaptive
8 adaptive 9 responses

a key deficiency is the poor ability [to] mount robust antibody response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 3 deficiency
2 key 3 deficiency
3 deficiency 4 is
4 is 12 response
5 the 12 response
6 poor 7 ability
7 ability 12 response
9 mount 12 response
10 robust 11 antibody
11 antibody 12 response

although intrinsic alterations in b cells with age are in part responsible , impaired cd4 t cell help makes a major contribution to the poor antibody response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 3 alterations
1 although 6 cells
2 intrinsic 3 alterations
3 alterations 4 in
4 in 5 b
6 cells 7 with
6 cells 9 are
7 with 8 age
9 are 11 part
9 are 12 responsible
10 in 11 part
13 , 18 help
13 , 19 makes
14 impaired 17 cell
15 cd4 16 t
15 cd4 17 cell
17 cell 18 help
18 help 19 makes
19 makes 22 contribution
19 makes 23 to
20 a 21 major
20 a 22 contribution
21 major 22 contribution
23 to 27 response
24 the 27 response
25 poor 26 antibody
26 antibody 27 response

other cd4 effector responses and memory generation are also impaired . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 other 4 responses
2 cd4 4 responses
3 effector 4 responses
4 responses 5 and
5 and 7 generation
5 and 8 are
6 memory 7 generation
8 are 9 also
8 are 10 impaired

we find delayed [and] reduced development of cd4 t follicular help ( tfh ) cells in aged mice in response to influenza infection with reduction of long - [lived] plasma cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 6 development
2 find 15 cells
2 find 16 in
2 find 21 to
2 find 24 with
3 delayed 6 development
5 reduced 6 development
6 development 7 of
7 of 11 help
8 cd4 9 t
8 cd4 11 help
10 follicular 11 help
11 help 13 tfh
12 ( 13 tfh
13 tfh 14 )
16 in 18 mice
17 aged 18 mice
19 in 20 response
20 response 21 to
21 to 23 infection
22 influenza 23 infection
24 with 25 reduction
25 reduction 26 of
26 of 31 cells
27 long 28 -
27 long 30 plasma
30 plasma 31 cells

when we examine cd4 subsets we also find a shift towards th1 and cytotoxic cd4 ( thctl ) responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 when 2 we
1 when 3 examine
1 when 6 we
2 we 3 examine
3 examine 5 subsets
4 cd4 5 subsets
6 we 8 find
7 also 8 find
8 find 10 shift
8 find 19 responses
9 a 10 shift
10 shift 11 towards
11 towards 13 and
12 th1 13 and
13 and 15 cd4
13 and 17 thctl
14 cytotoxic 15 cd4
16 ( 17 thctl
17 thctl 18 )

we summarize strategies to circumvent the cd4 t cell defect in aged , including adjuvants and proinflammatory cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 summarize
2 summarize 3 strategies
2 summarize 4 to
2 summarize 11 in
4 to 5 circumvent
5 circumvent 10 defect
6 the 10 defect
7 cd4 8 t
7 cd4 10 defect
9 cell 10 defect
11 in 16 and
12 aged 13 ,
12 aged 15 adjuvants
14 including 15 adjuvants
15 adjuvants 16 and
16 and 18 cytokines
17 proinflammatory 18 cytokines

we find that we can strongly enhance responses of aged naïve cd4 t cells by using toll - like receptor [(] tlr ) activated dendritic cells [(] [dc] [ )(as apc in vivo and that this leads to improved germinal center b cells and igg antibody responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 3 that
3 that 4 we
3 that 7 enhance
4 we 5 can
5 can 7 enhance
6 strongly 7 enhance
7 enhance 34 and
8 responses 9 of
8 responses 34 and
9 of 12 cd4
10 aged 12 cd4
11 naïve 12 cd4
12 cd4 13 t
12 cd4 14 cells
12 cd4 24 activated
14 cells 15 by
14 cells 24 activated
15 by 16 using
16 using 17 toll
17 toll 19 like
18 - 19 like
19 like 22 tlr
19 like 23 )
20 receptor 22 tlr
24 activated 26 cells
24 activated 30 )(as
24 activated 33 vivo
25 dendritic 26 cells
30 )(as 31 apc
32 in 33 vivo
34 and 35 that
34 and 36 this
34 and 37 leads
36 this 37 leads
37 leads 38 to
38 to 47 responses
39 improved 47 responses
40 germinal 41 center
41 center 42 b
41 center 43 cells
43 cells 44 and
44 and 45 igg
44 and 47 responses
46 antibody 47 responses

the enhanced response of aged naïve cd4 t cells is dependent on il - 6 produced [by] [the] dc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
1 the 3 response
2 enhanced 3 response
3 response 4 of
3 response 10 is
4 of 9 cells
5 aged 9 cells
6 naïve 9 cells
7 cd4 8 t
7 cd4 9 cells
10 is 11 dependent
11 dependent 12 on
12 on 13 il
13 il 19 dc
14 - 19 dc
15 6 19 dc
16 produced 19 dc
19 dc 20 .

the ability of injured axons to regenerate declines with age , yet the mechanisms that regulate axon regeneration in response to age are not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 declines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 ability
2 ability 3 of
2 ability 6 to
2 ability 7 regenerate
2 ability 8 declines
3 of 5 axons
4 injured 5 axons
6 to 7 regenerate
8 declines 9 with
8 declines 12 yet
9 with 10 age
11 , 12 yet
12 yet 14 mechanisms
13 the 14 mechanisms
14 mechanisms 15 that
14 mechanisms 16 regulate
14 mechanisms 23 are
15 that 16 regulate
16 regulate 18 regeneration
16 regulate 21 to
17 axon 18 regeneration
19 in 20 response
20 response 21 to
21 to 22 age
23 are 24 not
23 are 25 known

here we show that axon regeneration in aging [c.] elegans motor neurons is inhibited by the conserved insulin/igf1 receptor daf - 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 regeneration
4 that 14 inhibited
5 axon 6 regeneration
6 regeneration 7 in
6 regeneration 13 is
7 in 8 aging
8 aging 12 neurons
10 elegans 12 neurons
11 motor 12 neurons
13 is 14 inhibited
14 inhibited 15 by
15 by 20 daf
16 the 19 receptor
17 conserved 19 receptor
18 insulin/igf1 19 receptor
19 receptor 20 daf
21 - 22 2
21 - 23 .

daf - 2 ['s] [function] in regeneration is mediated by intrinsic neuronal activity of the forkhead transcription factor daf - 16/foxo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 regeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 daf 7 regeneration
2 - 3 2
3 2 6 in
6 in 7 regeneration
7 regeneration 8 is
8 is 9 mediated
9 mediated 10 by
10 by 13 activity
11 intrinsic 13 activity
12 neuronal 13 activity
13 activity 14 of
14 of 19 daf
15 the 19 daf
16 forkhead 17 transcription
17 transcription 19 daf
18 factor 19 daf
20 - 21 16/foxo
20 - 22 .

daf [-] 16 regulates regeneration independently of lifespan , indicating that neuronal aging is an intrinsic , neuron - specific , and genetically regulated process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 daf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 daf 3 16
1 daf 4 regulates
4 regulates 5 regeneration
4 regulates 6 independently
6 independently 7 of
7 of 8 lifespan
8 lifespan 10 indicating
9 , 10 indicating
10 indicating 13 aging
10 indicating 14 is
10 indicating 19 -
11 that 13 aging
12 neuronal 13 aging
13 aging 14 is
14 is 18 neuron
15 an 16 intrinsic
15 an 18 neuron
16 intrinsic 17 ,
16 intrinsic 18 neuron
19 - 22 and
20 specific 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 process
23 genetically 24 regulated
24 regulated 25 process

in addition , we found that daf - 18/pten inhibits regeneration independently of age and foxo signaling via the tor pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 found
5 found 6 that
5 found 7 daf
8 - 9 18/pten
8 - 10 inhibits
8 - 22 .
9 18/pten 10 inhibits
10 inhibits 11 regeneration
10 inhibits 12 independently
10 inhibits 18 via
12 independently 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 age 15 and
15 and 16 foxo
15 and 17 signaling
18 via 21 pathway
19 the 21 pathway
20 tor 21 pathway

finally , dlk - 1 , a conserved regulator of regeneration , is downregulated by insulin/igf1 signaling , bound by daf - 16 in neurons , and required for both daf - 16 - and daf - 18 - mediated regeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dlk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 downregulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 dlk
3 dlk 5 1
3 dlk 13 is
4 - 5 1
5 1 9 regulator
5 1 12 ,
6 , 9 regulator
7 a 9 regulator
8 conserved 9 regulator
9 regulator 10 of
9 regulator 12 ,
10 of 11 regeneration
13 is 14 downregulated
14 downregulated 15 by
15 by 16 insulin/igf1
16 insulin/igf1 17 signaling
17 signaling 19 bound
17 signaling 37 -
17 signaling 41 regeneration
18 , 19 bound
19 bound 20 by
19 bound 22 -
20 by 21 daf
22 - 37 -
23 16 24 in
24 in 27 and
25 neurons 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 required
28 required 29 for
28 required 35 and
28 required 37 -
29 for 30 both
31 daf 33 16
31 daf 35 and
32 - 33 16
33 16 34 -
35 and 36 daf
35 and 37 -
37 - 38 18
37 - 39 -
40 mediated 41 regeneration

together , our data establish that insulin signaling specifically inhibits regeneration in aging adult neurons and that this mechanism is independent of pten and tor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 establish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 establish
5 establish 16 and
6 that 7 insulin
6 that 10 inhibits
6 that 16 and
7 insulin 8 signaling
7 insulin 10 inhibits
9 specifically 10 inhibits
10 inhibits 11 regeneration
11 regeneration 12 in
12 in 13 aging
13 aging 15 neurons
14 adult 15 neurons
16 and 17 that
17 that 19 mechanism
17 that 20 is
18 this 19 mechanism
19 mechanism 20 is
20 is 24 and
21 independent 22 of
21 independent 24 and
22 of 23 pten
24 and 25 tor

objectives : to compare the prevalence of elder abuse using a multilevel approach that takes into account the characteristics of participants as well as socioeconomic indicators at city [and] country level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 compare
3 to 4 compare
4 compare 6 prevalence
4 compare 23 well
4 compare 24 as
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
6 prevalence 10 using
6 prevalence 14 that
6 prevalence 15 takes
7 of 9 abuse
8 elder 9 abuse
10 using 13 approach
11 a 12 multilevel
11 a 13 approach
12 multilevel 13 approach
14 that 15 takes
15 takes 17 account
15 takes 19 characteristics
16 into 17 account
18 the 19 characteristics
19 characteristics 20 of
20 of 21 participants
22 as 23 well
24 as 26 indicators
25 socioeconomic 26 indicators
26 indicators 27 at
27 at 31 level
28 city 31 level
30 country 31 level

methods : in 2009 , the project on abuse [of] elderly in europe ( abuel ) was conducted in seven cities ( stuttgart , germany ; ancona , italy ; kaunas , lithuania , stockholm , sweden ; porto , portugal ; granada , spain ; athens , greece ) comprising 4467 individuals aged 60 - 84 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 project
2 : 18 conducted
2 : 24 ,
2 : 59 .
3 in 4 2009
3 in 5 ,
3 in 7 project
6 the 7 project
7 project 8 on
7 project 11 elderly
7 project 15 abuel
7 project 17 was
8 on 9 abuse
11 elderly 12 in
12 in 13 europe
14 ( 15 abuel
15 abuel 16 )
17 was 18 conducted
18 conducted 19 in
19 in 21 cities
20 seven 21 cities
21 cities 23 stuttgart
22 ( 23 stuttgart
23 stuttgart 24 ,
24 , 25 germany
24 , 26 ;
26 ; 27 ancona
26 ; 28 ,
28 , 29 italy
28 , 30 ;
30 ; 31 kaunas
30 ; 32 ,
32 , 33 lithuania
32 , 34 ,
34 , 35 stockholm
34 , 36 ,
36 , 37 sweden
36 , 38 ;
38 ; 39 porto
38 ; 40 ,
40 , 41 portugal
40 , 42 ;
42 ; 43 granada
42 ; 44 ,
44 , 45 spain
44 , 46 ;
46 ; 51 comprising
46 ; 54 aged
47 athens 48 ,
47 athens 51 comprising
48 , 49 greece
49 greece 50 )
49 greece 51 comprising
51 comprising 53 individuals
51 comprising 54 aged
52 4467 53 individuals
54 aged 58 years
55 60 56 -
56 - 57 84
56 - 58 years

we used [a] 3 - level hierarchical structure of data : 1 [ )(characteristics of participants ; 2 [ )(mean [of] tertiary education of each city [;] and 3 [ )(country inequality indicator ( gini [coefficient] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 3
4 3 8 structure
5 - 8 structure
6 level 8 structure
7 hierarchical 8 structure
8 structure 9 of
8 structure 11 :
9 of 10 data
11 : 14 )(characteristics
11 : 17 ;
12 1 14 )(characteristics
14 )(characteristics 15 of
15 of 16 participants
17 ; 18 2
17 ; 20 )(mean
18 2 20 )(mean
20 )(mean 23 education
22 tertiary 23 education
23 education 24 of
23 education 35 gini
24 of 28 and
25 each 26 city
26 city 28 and
28 and 33 indicator
29 3 32 inequality
31 )(country 32 inequality
32 inequality 33 indicator
34 ( 35 gini
35 gini 37 )

multilevel logistic regression was used and proportional changes in intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) were inspected to [assert] explained variance between models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 multilevel 2 logistic
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
6 and 8 changes
6 and 17 inspected
7 proportional 8 changes
8 changes 9 in
8 changes 14 icc
8 changes 16 were
9 in 12 coefficient
10 intraclass 11 correlation
11 correlation 12 coefficient
13 ( 14 icc
14 icc 15 )
16 were 17 inspected
17 inspected 18 to
17 inspected 22 between
18 to 21 variance
20 explained 21 variance
22 between 23 models

results : the prevalence of elder abuse showed large variations across sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 8 showed
2 : 13 .
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 8 showed
5 of 7 abuse
6 elder 7 abuse
8 showed 10 variations
8 showed 11 across
9 large 10 variations
11 across 12 sites

adding tertiary education to the regression model reduced the country level variance for psychological abuse ( icc=3.4 [%] ) , with no significant decrease in the explained variance for the other types of abuse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reduced
1 adding 3 education
1 adding 4 to
1 adding 8 reduced
2 tertiary 3 education
4 to 7 model
5 the 7 model
6 regression 7 model
8 reduced 12 variance
8 reduced 21 with
9 the 12 variance
10 country 11 level
11 level 12 variance
12 variance 13 for
13 for 15 abuse
14 psychological 15 abuse
15 abuse 17 icc=3.4
16 ( 17 icc=3.4
17 icc=3.4 19 )
20 , 21 with
21 with 24 decrease
21 with 35 .
22 no 24 decrease
23 significant 24 decrease
24 decrease 25 in
24 decrease 29 for
25 in 28 variance
26 the 28 variance
27 explained 28 variance
29 for 34 abuse
30 the 31 other
31 other 32 types
32 types 33 of
32 types 34 abuse
33 of 34 abuse

when the gini coefficient was considered , the highest drop in icc was observed for financial abuse ( from 9.5 % to 4.3 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 drop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 when 4 coefficient
1 when 6 considered
1 when 7 ,
1 when 10 drop
2 the 4 coefficient
3 gini 4 coefficient
4 coefficient 5 was
5 was 6 considered
8 the 9 highest
8 the 10 drop
10 drop 11 in
10 drop 13 was
11 in 12 icc
13 was 14 observed
14 observed 15 for
15 for 17 abuse
16 financial 17 abuse
17 abuse 19 from
18 ( 19 from
19 from 21 %
19 from 25 )
20 9.5 21 %
21 % 22 to
22 to 24 %
23 4.3 24 %

conclusion : there is a societal and community level dimension that adds information to individual variability in explaining country differences in elder abuse , highlighting underlying socioeconomic inequalities leading to such behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
3 there 4 is
4 is 10 dimension
4 is 14 to
4 is 17 in
5 a 10 dimension
6 societal 7 and
7 and 8 community
7 and 9 level
9 level 10 dimension
10 dimension 11 that
10 dimension 12 adds
11 that 12 adds
12 adds 13 information
14 to 16 variability
15 individual 16 variability
17 in 18 explaining
18 explaining 20 differences
18 explaining 21 in
19 country 20 differences
21 in 23 abuse
22 elder 23 abuse
23 abuse 28 inequalities
24 , 28 inequalities
25 highlighting 28 inequalities
26 underlying 28 inequalities
27 socioeconomic 28 inequalities
28 inequalities 29 leading
28 inequalities 33 .
29 leading 30 to
30 to 32 behavior
31 such 32 behavior

older adults commonly report muscle fatigue , which may be associated with [reduced] walking ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 4 report
3 commonly 4 report
4 report 6 fatigue
5 muscle 6 fatigue
7 , 8 which
7 , 11 associated
8 which 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 walking
14 walking 15 ability

elderly may have insufficient awareness of the balance threat caused by muscle fatigue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 elderly 2 may
2 may 3 have
3 have 5 awareness
4 insufficient 5 awareness
5 awareness 6 of
6 of 9 threat
7 the 9 threat
8 balance 9 threat
9 threat 10 caused
10 caused 11 by
11 by 13 fatigue
12 muscle 13 fatigue

the aim of this study was to analyze the interaction effects of aging and leg muscle fatigue on gait parameters in walking and obstacle crossing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 analyze
7 to 8 analyze
8 analyze 10 interaction
9 the 10 interaction
10 interaction 14 and
10 interaction 16 muscle
11 effects 12 of
11 effects 14 and
12 of 13 aging
14 and 15 leg
14 and 16 muscle
16 muscle 17 fatigue
16 muscle 18 on
18 on 23 and
19 gait 20 parameters
20 parameters 21 in
20 parameters 23 and
21 in 22 walking
23 and 25 crossing
24 obstacle 25 crossing

one hundred and twenty men , who were divided in six groups according to their age ( 20 - 29 years , 30 - 39 years , 40 - 49 years , 50 - 59 years , 60 - 69 years , above 70 years ) , participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 twenty
4 twenty 5 men
5 men 7 who
5 men 21 years
5 men 48 participated
6 , 7 who
7 who 8 were
7 who 19 -
8 were 9 divided
9 divided 10 in
9 divided 14 to
10 in 12 groups
11 six 12 groups
13 according 14 to
14 to 16 age
15 their 16 age
16 age 18 20
17 ( 18 20
18 20 19 -
19 - 21 years
20 29 21 years
21 years 26 years
21 years 34 -
21 years 47 ,
22 , 26 years
23 30 24 -
24 - 25 39
24 - 26 years
26 years 31 years
26 years 32 ,
27 , 31 years
28 40 29 -
29 - 30 49
29 - 31 years
31 years 32 ,
32 , 34 -
33 50 34 -
34 - 35 59
34 - 43 above
34 - 46 )
35 59 36 years
36 years 39 -
37 , 39 -
38 60 39 -
39 - 41 years
39 - 42 ,
40 69 41 years
42 , 43 above
43 above 45 years
43 above 46 )
44 70 45 years
48 participated 49 in
49 in 51 study
50 this 51 study

participants performed three trials of unobstructed level ground walking and obstacle crossing [during] walking before and after quadriceps muscle fatigue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 participants 2 performed
2 performed 4 trials
3 three 4 trials
4 trials 5 of
4 trials 10 and
4 trials 19 muscle
5 of 7 level
6 unobstructed 7 level
8 ground 9 walking
8 ground 10 and
10 and 12 crossing
10 and 14 walking
10 and 16 and
10 and 19 muscle
11 obstacle 12 crossing
15 before 16 and
16 and 17 after
17 after 18 quadriceps
19 muscle 20 fatigue

to induce fatigue , participants performed [a] repeated sit - to [-] stand [task] from a chair with arms across the chest to a pre - determined cadence ( 30 cycles/min ) using a metronome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 to 2 induce
2 induce 3 fatigue
4 , 5 participants
4 , 9 sit
5 participants 6 performed
5 participants 8 repeated
5 participants 9 sit
9 sit 11 to
9 sit 33 using
10 - 11 to
11 to 13 stand
11 to 32 )
13 stand 15 from
13 stand 18 with
13 stand 20 across
15 from 17 chair
16 a 17 chair
18 with 19 arms
20 across 22 chest
21 the 22 chest
22 chest 23 to
23 to 28 cadence
24 a 25 pre
24 a 28 cadence
25 pre 26 -
25 pre 28 cadence
27 determined 28 cadence
28 cadence 31 cycles/min
29 ( 31 cycles/min
30 30 31 cycles/min
31 cycles/min 32 )
33 using 35 metronome
34 a 35 metronome

spatial - temporal gait parameters ( stride length , duration , and speed , step width , and trailing and leading heel - clearance ) were analyzed , and compared by two - way anova ( group and fatigue ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 spatial 5 parameters
1 spatial 12 and
2 - 5 parameters
3 temporal 5 parameters
4 gait 5 parameters
5 parameters 8 length
5 parameters 11 ,
6 ( 8 length
7 stride 8 length
8 length 10 duration
8 length 11 ,
9 , 10 duration
10 duration 11 ,
12 and 13 speed
14 , 20 and
14 , 29 and
15 step 16 width
16 width 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 trailing
18 and 20 and
20 and 22 heel
20 and 24 clearance
20 and 29 and
21 leading 22 heel
23 - 24 clearance
24 clearance 25 )
26 were 27 analyzed
26 were 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 compared
29 and 31 by
31 by 32 two
32 two 35 anova
33 - 35 anova
34 way 35 anova
35 anova 38 and
35 anova 40 )
36 ( 38 and
37 group 38 and
38 and 39 fatigue
38 and 40 )

the results confirmed our hypothesis , showing age - related effects of leg muscles fatigue in both gait conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 confirmed
3 confirmed 5 hypothesis
4 our 5 hypothesis
5 hypothesis 7 showing
6 , 7 showing
7 showing 8 age
7 showing 9 -
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 effects
10 related 16 in
10 related 20 .
11 effects 12 of
12 of 15 fatigue
13 leg 15 fatigue
14 muscles 15 fatigue
16 in 19 conditions
17 both 19 conditions
18 gait 19 conditions

from 40 years old , participants modulated spatial - temporal and vertical impulses in both tasks more in response to fatigue than younger participants , apparently to improve balance and safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 from 3 years
1 from 6 participants
2 40 3 years
4 old 5 ,
4 old 6 participants
6 participants 7 modulated
7 modulated 13 impulses
7 modulated 17 more
7 modulated 19 response
7 modulated 20 to
7 modulated 22 than
8 spatial 9 -
8 spatial 13 impulses
10 temporal 11 and
11 and 12 vertical
11 and 13 impulses
13 impulses 14 in
14 in 16 tasks
15 both 16 tasks
18 in 19 response
20 to 21 fatigue
22 than 24 participants
23 younger 24 participants
25 , 27 to
25 , 28 improve
26 apparently 27 to
27 to 28 improve
28 improve 30 and
29 balance 30 and
30 and 31 safety

leg muscle fatigue caused age - dependent changes in both unobstructed level ground walking and obstacle crossing during walking , [which] appeared to reflect an attempt to maintain balance and safety , probably to counteract adverse fatigue effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fatigue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 leg 2 muscle
2 muscle 3 fatigue
3 fatigue 4 caused
4 caused 5 age
6 - 15 and
7 dependent 8 changes
8 changes 9 in
8 changes 15 and
9 in 13 ground
10 both 11 unobstructed
11 unobstructed 13 ground
12 level 13 ground
13 ground 14 walking
15 and 17 crossing
15 and 18 during
16 obstacle 17 crossing
18 during 20 ,
19 walking 20 ,
20 , 22 appeared
22 appeared 23 to
23 to 24 reflect
24 reflect 26 attempt
25 an 26 attempt
26 attempt 27 to
26 attempt 35 counteract
27 to 28 maintain
28 maintain 30 and
28 maintain 34 to
29 balance 30 and
30 and 31 safety
30 and 32 ,
33 probably 34 to
34 to 35 counteract
35 counteract 38 effects
36 adverse 38 effects
37 fatigue 38 effects

[synapse] [number] is the best indicator of cognitive impairment in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , yet the respective contributions of aβ and tau , particularly human wild - type tau , to synapse loss remain undefined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
3 is 6 indicator
3 is 13 disease
4 the 5 best
4 the 6 indicator
6 indicator 7 of
7 of 9 impairment
8 cognitive 9 impairment
10 in 11 alzheimer
11 alzheimer 12 's
12 's 13 disease
13 disease 15 ad
14 ( 15 ad
15 ad 16 )
17 , 18 yet
17 , 33 ,
18 yet 24 and
19 the 21 contributions
20 respective 21 contributions
21 contributions 22 of
21 contributions 24 and
22 of 23 aβ
24 and 25 tau
24 and 28 human
24 and 33 ,
26 , 28 human
27 particularly 28 human
28 human 29 wild
28 human 30 -
31 type 32 tau
31 type 33 ,
33 , 34 to
33 , 37 remain
34 to 35 synapse
35 synapse 36 loss
37 remain 38 undefined

here , we sought to elucidate the aβ - dependent changes in wild - type human tau that [trigger] synapse loss and cognitive decline in ad by generating two novel transgenic mouse models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 sought
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 6 elucidate
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 8 aβ
7 the 8 aβ
9 - 11 changes
9 - 24 decline
9 - 34 .
10 dependent 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 18 that
11 changes 20 synapse
11 changes 24 decline
12 in 17 tau
13 wild 14 -
13 wild 15 type
15 type 16 human
16 human 17 tau
18 that 20 synapse
20 synapse 22 and
21 loss 22 and
22 and 23 cognitive
24 decline 25 in
24 decline 27 by
25 in 26 ad
27 by 28 generating
28 generating 33 models
29 two 33 models
30 novel 33 models
31 transgenic 32 mouse
32 mouse 33 models

the first overexpresses floxed human app with swedish and london mutations under the thy1 promoter , and recapitulates important features of early ad , including accumulation of soluble aβ and oligomers , but no plaque formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
1 the 2 first
2 first 17 and
3 overexpresses 6 app
3 overexpresses 17 and
4 floxed 5 human
5 human 6 app
6 app 7 with
7 with 9 and
8 swedish 9 and
9 and 11 mutations
9 and 12 under
10 london 11 mutations
12 under 15 promoter
13 the 15 promoter
14 thy1 15 promoter
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 recapitulates
18 recapitulates 20 features
18 recapitulates 25 including
19 important 20 features
20 features 21 of
21 of 23 ad
22 early 23 ad
24 , 25 including
25 including 26 accumulation
25 including 33 but
25 including 37 .
26 accumulation 27 of
27 of 30 and
28 soluble 29 aβ
29 aβ 30 and
30 and 31 oligomers
32 , 33 but
33 but 36 formation
33 but 37 .
34 no 36 formation
35 plaque 36 formation

transgene [excision] via cre - recombinase reverses [cognitive] decline , even at 18 - months of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reverses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 transgene 7 reverses
3 via 4 cre
3 via 5 -
3 via 7 reverses
6 recombinase 7 reverses
7 reverses 10 ,
9 decline 10 ,
10 , 11 even
11 even 12 at
12 at 13 18
13 18 15 months
14 - 15 months
15 months 16 of
15 months 18 .
16 of 17 age

secondly , we generated a human wild - type tau - overexpressing mouse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 secondly 2 ,
1 secondly 3 we
3 we 4 generated
4 generated 13 mouse
5 a 6 human
5 a 13 mouse
6 human 13 mouse
7 wild 10 tau
7 wild 13 mouse
8 - 10 tau
9 type 10 tau
10 tau 11 -
12 overexpressing 13 mouse

crossing of the two animals accelerates cognitive impairment , causes enhanced accumulation and aggregation of tau , and results in reduction of dendritic spines compared to single transgenic htau or happ mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crossing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 single
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 crossing 2 of
1 crossing 9 ,
2 of 5 animals
3 the 4 two
4 two 5 animals
6 accelerates 8 impairment
6 accelerates 9 ,
7 cognitive 8 impairment
9 , 10 causes
10 causes 12 accumulation
11 enhanced 12 accumulation
13 and 14 aggregation
13 and 25 compared
14 aggregation 15 of
14 aggregation 25 compared
15 of 18 and
16 tau 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 results
18 and 22 of
19 results 20 in
20 in 21 reduction
22 of 24 spines
23 dendritic 24 spines
25 compared 26 to
26 to 27 single
27 single 32 mice
28 transgenic 32 mice
29 htau 30 or
30 or 31 happ
30 or 32 mice

these results suggest that aβ - dependent acceleration of wild - type human tau pathology is a critical component of the lasting changes to dendritic spines and cognitive impairment found in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 aβ
4 that 5 aβ
6 - 8 acceleration
6 - 16 is
6 - 27 and
7 dependent 8 acceleration
8 acceleration 9 of
8 acceleration 16 is
9 of 15 pathology
10 wild 11 -
10 wild 15 pathology
12 type 13 human
13 human 14 tau
14 tau 15 pathology
16 is 19 component
17 a 19 component
18 critical 19 component
19 component 20 of
19 component 24 to
20 of 23 changes
21 the 23 changes
22 lasting 23 changes
24 to 26 spines
25 dendritic 26 spines
27 and 29 impairment
27 and 30 found
28 cognitive 29 impairment
29 impairment 30 found
30 found 31 in
30 found 32 ad

fasting has been practiced for millennia , but , only recently , studies have shed light on its role in adaptive cellular responses that reduce oxidative damage and inflammation , optimize energy metabolism , and bolster cellular protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fasting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 practiced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 fasting 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 practiced
4 practiced 5 for
5 for 6 millennia
7 , 8 but
8 but 9 ,
8 but 10 only
8 but 13 studies
8 but 15 shed
11 recently 12 ,
11 recently 13 studies
13 studies 14 have
14 have 15 shed
15 shed 16 light
15 shed 20 in
16 light 17 on
17 on 19 role
18 its 19 role
20 in 23 responses
21 adaptive 23 responses
22 cellular 23 responses
23 responses 24 that
23 responses 30 ,
24 that 30 ,
25 reduce 28 and
25 reduce 30 ,
26 oxidative 27 damage
27 damage 28 and
28 and 29 inflammation
30 , 35 and
31 optimize 33 metabolism
31 optimize 35 and
32 energy 33 metabolism
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 bolster
36 bolster 38 protection
37 cellular 38 protection

in lower eukaryotes , chronic fasting extends longevity , in part [,] by reprogramming metabolic and stress resistance pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 fasting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 extends
1 in 3 eukaryotes
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 fasting
2 lower 3 eukaryotes
5 chronic 6 fasting
6 fasting 7 extends
7 extends 8 longevity
8 longevity 13 by
9 , 11 part
9 , 13 by
10 in 11 part
13 by 14 reprogramming
13 by 20 .
14 reprogramming 16 and
15 metabolic 16 and
16 and 19 pathways
17 stress 19 pathways
18 resistance 19 pathways

in rodents intermittent or periodic fasting protects against diabetes , cancers , heart disease , and neurodegeneration , while in humans it helps reduce obesity , hypertension , asthma , and rheumatoid arthritis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rodents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 rodents
2 rodents 6 fasting
2 rodents 7 protects
2 rodents 24 reduce
3 intermittent 4 or
4 or 5 periodic
4 or 6 fasting
6 fasting 7 protects
7 protects 8 against
7 protects 19 while
8 against 9 diabetes
9 diabetes 16 and
10 , 16 and
11 cancers 12 ,
12 , 14 disease
12 , 16 and
13 heart 14 disease
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 neurodegeneration
16 and 18 ,
19 while 22 it
19 while 23 helps
20 in 21 humans
20 in 22 it
22 it 23 helps
24 reduce 25 obesity
26 , 27 hypertension
26 , 28 ,
28 , 31 and
29 asthma 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 arthritis
32 rheumatoid 33 arthritis

thus , fasting has the potential to delay aging and help [prevent] and treat diseases while minimizing the side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fasting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 fasting
3 fasting 4 has
4 has 6 potential
4 has 7 to
4 has 16 while
5 the 6 potential
7 to 13 and
8 delay 9 aging
8 delay 10 and
10 and 11 help
10 and 13 and
13 and 15 diseases
14 treat 15 diseases
16 while 17 minimizing
17 minimizing 20 effects
18 the 20 effects
19 side 20 effects
20 effects 21 caused
20 effects 22 by
22 by 25 interventions
23 chronic 25 interventions
24 dietary 25 interventions

the single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) rs6700125 and rs6690993 in fggy ( flj10986 ) were recently reported to be a susceptibility factor for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( sals ) in caucasian populations in genome [-] wide association studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 9 rs6700125
2 single 5 polymorphisms
2 single 8 )
2 single 9 rs6700125
3 - 5 polymorphisms
4 nucleotide 5 polymorphisms
5 polymorphisms 7 snps
5 polymorphisms 8 )
6 ( 7 snps
7 snps 8 )
9 rs6700125 10 and
10 and 11 rs6690993
10 and 12 in
10 and 17 were
12 in 13 fggy
13 fggy 15 flj10986
14 ( 15 flj10986
15 flj10986 16 )
17 were 18 recently
17 were 19 reported
19 reported 20 to
19 reported 21 be
20 to 21 be
21 be 24 factor
21 be 33 in
22 a 24 factor
23 susceptibility 24 factor
24 factor 25 for
24 factor 31 sals
25 for 29 sclerosis
26 sporadic 29 sclerosis
27 amyotrophic 29 sclerosis
28 lateral 29 sclerosis
30 ( 31 sals
31 sals 32 )
33 in 35 populations
34 caucasian 35 populations
35 populations 36 in
36 in 41 studies
37 genome 41 studies
39 wide 40 association
40 association 41 studies

however , no such association was observed in other independent [genome] - wide association studies or replication studies in a european cohort or 2 small sample sizes of chinese patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 association
3 no 4 such
4 such 5 association
5 association 6 was
6 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
8 in 16 or
9 other 15 studies
10 independent 12 -
10 independent 15 studies
13 wide 14 association
14 association 15 studies
15 studies 16 or
16 or 18 studies
16 or 19 in
17 replication 18 studies
19 in 23 or
20 a 22 cohort
21 european 22 cohort
22 cohort 23 or
23 or 27 sizes
23 or 28 of
24 2 27 sizes
25 small 26 sample
26 sample 27 sizes
28 of 30 patients
29 chinese 30 patients

we performed a large case - control study in a cohort consisting of 963 sals cases and 1039 control subjects to examine the association between the 2 reported snps in fggy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosisin chinese patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 5 case
3 a 4 large
3 a 5 case
4 large 5 case
6 - 7 control
7 control 8 study
7 control 9 in
7 control 21 to
9 in 11 cohort
10 a 11 cohort
11 cohort 12 consisting
12 consisting 13 of
13 of 17 and
14 963 16 cases
15 sals 16 cases
16 cases 17 and
17 and 20 subjects
18 1039 20 subjects
19 control 20 subjects
21 to 22 examine
22 examine 24 association
22 examine 28 reported
23 the 24 association
24 association 25 between
24 association 28 reported
25 between 27 2
26 the 27 2
28 reported 32 and
29 snps 30 in
29 snps 32 and
30 in 31 fggy
32 and 37 patients
33 amyotrophic 35 sclerosisin
34 lateral 35 sclerosisin
35 sclerosisin 37 patients
36 chinese 37 patients

our results did not find the snp rs6690993 in fggy is associated with chinese sals and cannot confirm that this fggy snp modulates the risk for sals in the chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 16 and
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 find
3 did 16 and
5 find 7 snp
5 find 12 associated
6 the 7 snp
7 snp 8 rs6690993
7 snp 11 is
7 snp 12 associated
8 rs6690993 9 in
8 rs6690993 11 is
9 in 10 fggy
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 sals
13 with 14 chinese
16 and 17 cannot
17 cannot 18 confirm
18 confirm 19 that
19 that 22 snp
19 that 23 modulates
20 this 22 snp
21 fggy 22 snp
22 snp 23 modulates
23 modulates 25 risk
23 modulates 28 in
24 the 25 risk
25 risk 26 for
26 for 27 sals
28 in 31 population
29 the 31 population
30 chinese 31 population

growing evidence suggests that parkinson 's disease ( pd ) [patients] have a lower risk for most types of cancer except for melanoma , which has a modest positive association with pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 growing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 growing 2 evidence
1 growing 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 7 disease
4 that 12 have
5 parkinson 6 's
6 's 7 disease
7 disease 9 pd
8 ( 9 pd
9 pd 10 )
12 have 15 risk
12 have 21 except
13 a 15 risk
14 lower 15 risk
15 risk 16 for
16 for 18 types
17 most 18 types
18 types 19 of
19 of 20 cancer
21 except 22 for
22 for 23 melanoma
24 , 25 which
24 , 26 has
25 which 26 has
26 has 30 association
27 a 30 association
28 modest 30 association
29 positive 30 association
30 association 31 with
31 with 32 pd

pigmentation genes have been hypothesized to contribute to this association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 pigmentation 2 genes
2 genes 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 hypothesized
5 hypothesized 6 to
6 to 7 contribute
7 contribute 8 to
8 to 10 association
9 this 10 association

we therefore examined whether genetic susceptibility [loci] for pigmentation or melanoma was associated with pd risk in 2 large independent datasets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 3 examined
2 therefore 3 examined
3 examined 4 whether
3 examined 14 with
4 whether 6 susceptibility
4 whether 13 associated
5 genetic 6 susceptibility
6 susceptibility 8 for
6 susceptibility 12 was
8 for 10 or
9 pigmentation 10 or
10 or 11 melanoma
12 was 13 associated
14 with 16 risk
15 pd 16 risk
16 risk 17 in
17 in 21 datasets
18 2 21 datasets
19 large 21 datasets
20 independent 21 datasets

in the parkinson 's genes and environment ( page ) study , we examined 11 single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) identified from previous genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) of pigmentation or melanoma in relation to pd among 808 pd cases and 1623 controls [;] [furthermore] , we also examined the colors of hair , eye , or skin and melanoma in relation to pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 in 4 's
1 in 6 and
2 the 3 parkinson
3 parkinson 4 's
5 genes 6 and
6 and 9 page
6 and 10 )
6 and 11 study
7 environment 9 page
8 ( 9 page
9 page 10 )
12 , 13 we
12 , 14 examined
12 , 17 -
13 we 14 examined
14 examined 16 single
15 11 16 single
17 - 18 nucleotide
18 nucleotide 19 polymorphisms
18 nucleotide 23 identified
19 polymorphisms 21 snps
19 polymorphisms 23 identified
20 ( 21 snps
21 snps 22 )
23 identified 24 from
24 from 26 genome
25 previous 26 genome
26 genome 30 studies
26 genome 34 of
27 - 30 studies
28 wide 30 studies
29 association 30 studies
30 studies 32 gwas
30 studies 33 )
31 ( 32 gwas
32 gwas 33 )
34 of 46 and
35 pigmentation 36 or
36 or 37 melanoma
36 or 38 in
36 or 40 to
36 or 46 and
38 in 39 relation
40 to 41 pd
41 pd 42 among
42 among 45 cases
43 808 45 cases
44 pd 45 cases
46 and 48 controls
46 and 51 ,
46 and 52 we
46 and 54 examined
46 and 57 of
47 1623 48 controls
52 we 54 examined
53 also 54 examined
54 examined 56 colors
55 the 56 colors
57 of 64 and
58 hair 59 ,
59 , 60 eye
59 , 62 or
61 , 62 or
62 or 63 skin
62 or 64 and
64 and 65 melanoma
64 and 70 .
65 melanoma 66 in
66 in 67 relation
67 relation 68 to
68 to 69 pd

in the international parkinson 's disease genomic consortium ( ipdgc ) , we examined a broader selection of 360 pigmentation or melanoma gwas snps in relation to pd among 5,333 pd cases and 12,019 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 parkinson
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 3 international
1 in 4 parkinson
2 the 3 international
4 parkinson 5 's
5 's 8 consortium
6 disease 7 genomic
7 genomic 8 consortium
8 consortium 10 ipdgc
9 ( 10 ipdgc
10 ipdgc 11 )
12 , 13 we
12 , 14 examined
13 we 14 examined
14 examined 21 or
14 examined 27 to
15 a 17 selection
16 broader 17 selection
17 selection 18 of
17 selection 21 or
18 of 20 pigmentation
19 360 20 pigmentation
21 or 24 snps
22 melanoma 24 snps
23 gwas 24 snps
25 in 26 relation
26 relation 27 to
27 to 28 pd
28 pd 29 among
29 among 33 and
30 5,333 32 cases
31 pd 32 cases
32 cases 33 and
33 and 35 controls
34 12,019 35 controls

all participants were [non] - hispanic whites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
5 - 7 whites
5 - 8 .
6 hispanic 7 whites

as expected , in the page study , most snps were associated with 1 [or] more pigmentation phenotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 as 2 expected
1 as 10 snps
2 expected 3 ,
3 , 4 in
4 in 7 study
4 in 8 ,
4 in 10 snps
5 the 7 study
6 page 7 study
9 most 10 snps
10 snps 11 were
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 1
14 1 17 pigmentation
14 1 18 phenotypes
16 more 17 pigmentation
17 pigmentation 18 phenotypes

however , neither [these] snps [nor] pigmentation phenotypes were associated with pd risk after bonferroni correction with the exception of rs4911414 at the asip gene ( p = [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 snps
3 neither 5 snps
5 snps 7 pigmentation
5 snps 8 phenotypes
5 snps 9 were
7 pigmentation 8 phenotypes
9 were 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 after
10 associated 17 with
10 associated 22 at
11 with 13 risk
12 pd 13 risk
14 after 16 correction
15 bonferroni 16 correction
17 with 19 exception
18 the 19 exception
19 exception 20 of
20 of 21 rs4911414
22 at 25 gene
23 the 25 gene
24 asip 25 gene
25 gene 28 =
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 30 001
28 = 31 )

a total of 18 pd cases ( 2.2 % ) and 26 controls ( 1.6 % ) had a diagnosis of melanoma with an odds ratio of 1.3 ( 95 % confidence interval [:] 0.7 - 2.4 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 11 and
3 of 6 cases
4 18 6 cases
5 pd 6 cases
6 cases 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 2.2 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 and 13 controls
11 and 16 %
11 and 18 had
12 26 13 controls
14 ( 16 %
15 1.6 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 had 20 diagnosis
19 a 20 diagnosis
20 diagnosis 21 of
20 diagnosis 23 with
20 diagnosis 27 of
20 diagnosis 33 interval
21 of 22 melanoma
23 with 26 ratio
24 an 26 ratio
25 odds 26 ratio
27 of 28 1.3
29 ( 33 interval
30 95 31 %
31 % 32 confidence
32 confidence 33 interval
33 interval 36 -
33 interval 38 )
35 0.7 36 -
36 - 37 2.4

in the ipdgc analysis , none of the 360 snps , including rs4911414 , were associated with pd risk after adjusting for multiple comparisons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 ipdgc
1 in 4 analysis
2 the 3 ipdgc
4 analysis 6 none
4 analysis 15 were
5 , 6 none
6 none 7 of
6 none 14 ,
7 of 10 snps
8 the 9 360
9 360 10 snps
10 snps 12 including
11 , 12 including
12 including 13 rs4911414
12 including 14 ,
15 were 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
16 associated 22 for
17 with 19 risk
18 pd 19 risk
19 risk 20 after
20 after 21 adjusting
22 for 24 comparisons
23 multiple 24 comparisons

in conclusion , we did not find significant associations between gwas snps of pigmentation or melanoma and the risk for pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 we
3 , 7 find
4 we 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 find
7 find 9 associations
7 find 10 between
7 find 20 for
8 significant 9 associations
10 between 17 and
11 gwas 12 snps
12 snps 13 of
12 snps 15 or
13 of 14 pigmentation
15 or 16 melanoma
15 or 17 and
17 and 19 risk
18 the 19 risk
20 for 21 pd

tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity rely on rare populations of somatic stem cells endowed with the potential [to] self - [renew] and differentiate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 tissue 2 homeostasis
2 homeostasis 3 and
3 and 5 capacity
3 and 22 and
4 regenerative 5 capacity
6 rely 7 on
6 rely 22 and
7 on 9 populations
8 rare 9 populations
9 populations 10 of
10 of 13 cells
11 somatic 12 stem
12 stem 13 cells
13 cells 14 endowed
14 endowed 15 with
15 with 19 self
16 the 19 self
17 potential 19 self
20 - 22 and
22 and 23 differentiate

during aging , many tissues show a decline in regenerative potential coupled with a loss [of] stem cell function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tissues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 during 2 aging
1 during 3 ,
1 during 5 tissues
4 many 5 tissues
5 tissues 6 show
6 show 8 decline
6 show 9 in
7 a 8 decline
9 in 11 potential
10 regenerative 11 potential
11 potential 12 coupled
12 coupled 13 with
13 with 19 function
14 a 15 loss
14 a 19 function
15 loss 19 function
17 stem 19 function
18 cell 19 function

cells including somatic stem cells have evolved a series of checks and balances to sense and repair cellular damage to maximize tissue function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evolved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 cells 2 including
1 cells 6 have
2 including 5 cells
3 somatic 4 stem
4 stem 5 cells
6 have 7 evolved
7 evolved 9 series
8 a 9 series
9 series 10 of
10 of 11 checks
12 and 13 balances
12 and 23 function
13 balances 14 to
13 balances 23 function
14 to 16 and
15 sense 16 and
16 and 19 damage
16 and 20 to
16 and 21 maximize
17 repair 19 damage
18 cellular 19 damage
20 to 21 maximize
21 maximize 22 tissue

however , during aging the mechanisms that [protect] [normal] [cell] function begin to fail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 begin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 mechanisms
3 during 4 aging
3 during 6 mechanisms
5 the 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 that
6 mechanisms 11 function
6 mechanisms 12 begin
7 that 11 function
12 begin 13 to
12 begin 14 fail
13 to 14 fail

in this review , we will discuss how common cellular mechanisms that maintain tissue fidelity and organismal lifespan impact somatic stem cell function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 will
6 will 7 discuss
7 discuss 8 how
8 how 11 mechanisms
8 how 23 function
9 common 11 mechanisms
10 cellular 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 that
11 mechanisms 13 maintain
11 mechanisms 23 function
12 that 13 maintain
13 maintain 16 and
14 tissue 15 fidelity
15 fidelity 16 and
16 and 22 cell
17 organismal 18 lifespan
18 lifespan 22 cell
19 impact 22 cell
20 somatic 21 stem
21 stem 22 cell

we will highlight context - dependent changes and commonalities that define aging , by focusing on three age - sensitive stem cell compartments : blood , neural , and muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 highlight
3 highlight 4 context
3 highlight 14 by
3 highlight 16 on
4 context 8 and
5 - 8 and
6 dependent 7 changes
7 changes 8 and
8 and 9 commonalities
8 and 10 that
8 and 11 define
8 and 13 ,
10 that 11 define
11 define 12 aging
14 by 15 focusing
16 on 18 age
17 three 18 age
18 age 23 compartments
19 - 23 compartments
20 sensitive 21 stem
21 stem 23 compartments
22 cell 23 compartments
23 compartments 24 :
24 : 29 and
25 blood 26 ,
26 , 27 neural
26 , 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 muscle

understanding the interaction between extrinsic regulators and intrinsic effectors that operate within different stem cell compartments is likely to have important implications for identifying strategies to improve health span [and] treat age - related degenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 span
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 understanding 17 is
2 the 3 interaction
3 interaction 4 between
3 interaction 12 within
3 interaction 17 is
4 between 7 and
5 extrinsic 6 regulators
6 regulators 7 and
7 and 9 effectors
7 and 10 that
7 and 11 operate
8 intrinsic 9 effectors
10 that 11 operate
12 within 16 compartments
13 different 14 stem
14 stem 15 cell
15 cell 16 compartments
17 is 18 likely
18 likely 19 to
19 to 20 have
20 have 22 implications
20 have 23 for
20 have 26 to
20 have 29 span
21 important 22 implications
23 for 24 identifying
24 identifying 25 strategies
26 to 27 improve
27 improve 28 health
29 span 32 age
31 treat 32 age
33 - 34 related
34 related 36 diseases
35 degenerative 36 diseases

as stem cells ( scs ) [in] adult organs continue to be identified and characterized , it becomes clear that their survival , quiescence , and activation depend on specific signals in their microenvironment , or niche . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 organs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 continue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 as 3 cells
1 as 9 organs
2 stem 3 cells
4 ( 5 scs
5 scs 6 )
5 scs 9 organs
8 adult 9 organs
9 organs 10 continue
10 continue 11 to
10 continue 14 and
11 to 14 and
12 be 13 identified
12 be 14 and
14 and 15 characterized
16 , 17 it
16 , 18 becomes
17 it 18 becomes
18 becomes 19 clear
19 clear 20 that
20 that 26 and
20 that 36 or
21 their 22 survival
22 survival 23 ,
23 , 24 quiescence
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 activation
26 and 36 or
28 depend 29 on
28 depend 32 in
28 depend 36 or
29 on 31 signals
30 specific 31 signals
32 in 34 microenvironment
33 their 34 microenvironment
35 , 36 or
36 or 37 niche

although adult scs of diverse tissues differ by their developmental origin , cycling activity , and regenerative capacity , there appear to be conserved similarities regarding the cellular and molecular components of the sc niche . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 although 3 scs
1 although 7 differ
1 although 12 ,
1 although 20 there
2 adult 3 scs
3 scs 4 of
3 scs 7 differ
4 of 6 tissues
5 diverse 6 tissues
7 differ 8 by
8 by 11 origin
9 their 11 origin
10 developmental 11 origin
12 , 13 cycling
13 cycling 16 and
13 cycling 19 ,
13 cycling 20 there
14 activity 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 capacity
17 regenerative 18 capacity
20 there 21 appear
21 appear 22 to
21 appear 23 be
22 to 23 be
23 be 25 similarities
24 conserved 25 similarities
25 similarities 26 regarding
26 regarding 31 components
27 the 28 cellular
28 cellular 29 and
29 and 30 molecular
29 and 31 components
31 components 32 of
32 of 35 niche
33 the 35 niche
34 sc 35 niche

interestingly , many organs house both slow - cycling and fast - cycling sc populations , which rely on the coexistence of quiescent and inductive niches for proper regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 organs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 house
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 organs
3 many 4 organs
4 organs 5 house
5 house 6 both
5 house 10 and
7 slow 8 -
7 slow 9 cycling
9 cycling 10 and
10 and 11 fast
12 - 15 populations
12 - 16 ,
12 - 30 .
13 cycling 15 populations
14 sc 15 populations
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 rely
17 which 18 rely
18 rely 19 on
19 on 21 coexistence
20 the 21 coexistence
21 coexistence 22 of
21 coexistence 27 for
22 of 26 niches
23 quiescent 24 and
24 and 25 inductive
24 and 26 niches
27 for 29 regulation
28 proper 29 regulation

in this review we present a general definition of adult sc niches in the most studied mammalian systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 present
5 present 8 definition
5 present 13 in
6 a 7 general
6 a 8 definition
7 general 8 definition
8 definition 9 of
9 of 12 niches
10 adult 12 niches
11 sc 12 niches
13 in 18 systems
14 the 15 most
15 most 18 systems
16 studied 18 systems
17 mammalian 18 systems

we further focus on dissecting their cellular organization and on highlighting recently identified key molecular regulators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 further
2 further 3 focus
3 focus 9 and
4 on 5 dissecting
4 on 9 and
5 dissecting 8 organization
6 their 8 organization
7 cellular 8 organization
9 and 10 on
10 on 11 highlighting
11 highlighting 16 regulators
12 recently 13 identified
13 identified 14 key
14 key 16 regulators
15 molecular 16 regulators

finally , we detail the potential involvement of the sc niche in tissue degeneration , with a particular emphasis on aging and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 detail
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 detail
4 detail 7 involvement
5 the 7 involvement
6 potential 7 involvement
7 involvement 8 of
7 involvement 16 with
8 of 11 niche
9 the 11 niche
10 sc 11 niche
11 niche 12 in
12 in 14 degeneration
13 tissue 14 degeneration
15 , 16 with
16 with 22 and
16 with 24 .
17 a 18 particular
17 a 19 emphasis
18 particular 19 emphasis
19 emphasis 20 on
19 emphasis 22 and
20 on 21 aging
22 and 23 cancer

the formation of the hippocampus is generated during embryonic development , but most neurons within the structure are produced after birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 formation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 formation
2 formation 3 of
2 formation 6 is
3 of 5 hippocampus
4 the 5 hippocampus
6 is 7 generated
7 generated 8 during
8 during 10 development
9 embryonic 10 development
11 , 12 but
12 but 14 neurons
12 but 19 produced
13 most 14 neurons
14 neurons 15 within
14 neurons 18 are
15 within 17 structure
16 the 17 structure
18 are 19 produced
19 produced 20 after
20 after 21 birth

the hippocampus is a primary region of neurogenesis within the adult mammalian brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hippocampus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 hippocampus
2 hippocampus 3 is
3 is 6 region
4 a 5 primary
4 a 6 region
5 primary 6 region
6 region 7 of
7 of 8 neurogenesis
8 neurogenesis 9 within
9 within 13 brain
10 the 13 brain
11 adult 13 brain
12 mammalian 13 brain

adult - born neurons have to integrate into the established neural circuitry throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 neurons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 adult 2 -
1 adult 4 neurons
3 born 4 neurons
4 neurons 5 have
5 have 6 to
5 have 7 integrate
6 to 7 integrate
7 integrate 8 into
7 integrate 13 throughout
7 integrate 14 life
8 into 12 circuitry
9 the 12 circuitry
10 established 12 circuitry
11 neural 12 circuitry

although the function of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus , particularly in humans , remains unclear , experimental data suggest that adult - born neurons are involved in some forms of memory , as well as in diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 although 3 function
1 although 15 remains
1 although 19 data
2 the 3 function
3 function 4 of
3 function 15 remains
4 of 5 neurogenesis
5 neurogenesis 6 in
6 in 9 hippocampus
7 the 9 hippocampus
8 adult 9 hippocampus
9 hippocampus 12 in
10 , 11 particularly
10 , 12 in
12 in 13 humans
12 in 14 ,
16 unclear 17 ,
16 unclear 19 data
18 experimental 19 data
19 data 20 suggest
20 suggest 22 adult
21 that 22 adult
23 - 25 neurons
23 - 27 involved
24 born 25 neurons
25 neurons 26 are
26 are 27 involved
27 involved 28 in
28 in 30 forms
29 some 30 forms
30 forms 31 of
30 forms 34 as
31 of 32 memory
33 , 34 as
34 as 35 well
34 as 39 .
35 well 36 as
36 as 37 in
37 in 38 diseases

adult hippocampal neurogenesis [is] dynamic , [responding] to physiological and pathological stimuli that may promote brain function or contribute to diseases such as epilepsy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 dynamic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 adult 5 dynamic
2 hippocampal 3 neurogenesis
3 neurogenesis 5 dynamic
6 , 18 or
8 to 12 stimuli
8 to 18 or
9 physiological 10 and
10 and 11 pathological
10 and 12 stimuli
12 stimuli 13 that
12 stimuli 15 promote
13 that 14 may
14 may 15 promote
15 promote 16 brain
17 function 18 or
18 or 19 contribute
19 contribute 20 to
19 contribute 23 as
20 to 21 diseases
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 epilepsy

here , we review some of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the development of the hippocampus , as well as in adult neurogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 9 and
5 some 6 of
5 some 9 and
6 of 8 mechanisms
7 the 8 mechanisms
9 and 11 pathways
9 and 12 involved
10 signaling 11 pathways
12 involved 13 in
13 in 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 18 hippocampus
17 the 18 hippocampus
18 hippocampus 20 as
19 , 20 as
20 as 21 well
20 as 26 .
21 well 22 as
22 as 23 in
23 in 25 neurogenesis
24 adult 25 neurogenesis

we discuss some recent findings suggesting heterogeneity within the hippocampal stem cell pool and the regulation of activation of quiescent stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 5 findings
2 discuss 8 within
3 some 5 findings
4 recent 5 findings
5 findings 6 suggesting
6 suggesting 7 heterogeneity
8 within 14 and
9 the 13 pool
10 hippocampal 11 stem
11 stem 13 pool
12 cell 13 pool
13 pool 14 and
14 and 16 regulation
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 regulation
17 of 18 activation
18 activation 19 of
19 of 22 cells
20 quiescent 21 stem
21 stem 22 cells

finally , we discuss some of the issues relating neurogenesis to pathophysiology and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 10 neurogenesis
4 discuss 11 to
5 some 6 of
5 some 10 neurogenesis
6 of 10 neurogenesis
7 the 10 neurogenesis
8 issues 9 relating
9 relating 10 neurogenesis
11 to 13 and
12 pathophysiology 13 and
13 and 14 aging

hematopoietic development and homeostasis are based on hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) , a pool of ancestor cells characterized by the unique combination of self [-] renewal and multilineage potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 hematopoietic 2 development
2 development 3 and
3 and 4 homeostasis
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 based
6 based 7 on
7 on 10 cells
8 hematopoietic 9 stem
9 stem 10 cells
10 cells 12 hscs
11 ( 12 hscs
12 hscs 13 )
14 , 16 pool
14 , 20 characterized
15 a 16 pool
16 pool 17 of
16 pool 20 characterized
17 of 19 cells
18 ancestor 19 cells
20 characterized 21 by
20 characterized 31 potential
21 by 24 combination
22 the 24 combination
23 unique 24 combination
24 combination 25 of
25 of 29 and
26 self 28 renewal
28 renewal 29 and
29 and 30 multilineage

these two opposing forces are finely orchestrated by several regulatory mechanisms , comprising both extrinsic and intrinsic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 orchestrated
1 these 2 two
2 two 3 opposing
2 two 5 are
3 opposing 4 forces
5 are 6 finely
5 are 7 orchestrated
7 orchestrated 8 by
7 orchestrated 13 comprising
8 by 11 mechanisms
9 several 11 mechanisms
10 regulatory 11 mechanisms
12 , 13 comprising
13 comprising 18 factors
13 comprising 19 .
14 both 18 factors
15 extrinsic 16 and
16 and 17 intrinsic
16 and 18 factors

over the past decades , several studies have contributed to dissect the key role of niche factors , signaling transduction pathways , and transcription factors in hsc development and maintenance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 over 4 decades
1 over 5 ,
1 over 7 studies
2 the 4 decades
3 past 4 decades
6 several 7 studies
7 studies 8 have
8 have 9 contributed
9 contributed 10 to
9 contributed 19 signaling
10 to 11 dissect
11 dissect 14 role
12 the 14 role
13 key 14 role
14 role 15 of
15 of 17 factors
16 niche 17 factors
18 , 19 signaling
19 signaling 21 pathways
19 signaling 22 ,
20 transduction 21 pathways
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 transcription
23 and 25 factors
24 transcription 25 factors
25 factors 26 in
25 factors 29 and
27 hsc 28 development
28 development 29 and
29 and 30 maintenance

accumulating evidence , however , suggests that a higher level of intrinsic regulation exists ; epigenetic marks , by controlling chromatin accessibility , directly shape hsc developmental cascades , including their emergence during embryonic development , maintenance of self [-] renewal , lineage commitment , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 accumulating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 accumulating 2 evidence
1 accumulating 4 however
1 accumulating 6 suggests
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 10 level
7 that 14 exists
8 a 10 level
9 higher 10 level
10 level 11 of
10 level 14 exists
11 of 13 regulation
12 intrinsic 13 regulation
15 ; 17 marks
15 ; 25 shape
15 ; 42 ,
16 epigenetic 17 marks
17 marks 19 by
17 marks 25 shape
18 , 19 by
19 by 20 controlling
19 by 23 ,
20 controlling 22 accessibility
21 chromatin 22 accessibility
24 directly 25 shape
25 shape 28 cascades
25 shape 30 including
26 hsc 28 cascades
27 developmental 28 cascades
29 , 30 including
30 including 32 emergence
30 including 33 during
30 including 42 ,
31 their 32 emergence
33 during 35 development
34 embryonic 35 development
35 development 37 maintenance
36 , 37 maintenance
37 maintenance 38 of
37 maintenance 42 ,
38 of 41 renewal
39 self 41 renewal
42 , 46 and
43 lineage 44 commitment
44 commitment 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 aging

in addition , aberrant epigenetic marks have been found in several hematological malignancies , consistent with clinical findings that mutations targeting epigenetic regulators promote leukemogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 marks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 marks
4 aberrant 6 marks
5 epigenetic 6 marks
6 marks 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 found
9 found 10 in
10 in 13 malignancies
11 several 13 malignancies
12 hematological 13 malignancies
13 malignancies 15 consistent
14 , 15 consistent
15 consistent 16 with
15 consistent 26 .
16 with 18 findings
17 clinical 18 findings
18 findings 19 that
19 that 20 mutations
19 that 24 promote
20 mutations 21 targeting
20 mutations 24 promote
21 targeting 23 regulators
22 epigenetic 23 regulators
24 promote 25 leukemogenesis

in this review , we will focus on both normal and malignant hematopoiesis , covering recent findings that illuminate the epigenetic life of hscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 focus
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 will
6 will 7 focus
7 focus 8 on
8 on 13 hematopoiesis
9 both 13 hematopoiesis
10 normal 11 and
11 and 12 malignant
11 and 13 hematopoiesis
13 hematopoiesis 15 covering
14 , 15 covering
15 covering 17 findings
15 covering 25 .
16 recent 17 findings
17 findings 18 that
17 findings 19 illuminate
18 that 19 illuminate
19 illuminate 22 life
20 the 22 life
21 epigenetic 22 life
22 life 23 of
23 of 24 hscs

the aim was to study time trends in prevalence of disability in adl and survival among men and women 78 years and older comparing two cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 was
3 was 4 to
4 to 7 trends
5 study 7 trends
6 time 7 trends
7 trends 8 in
7 trends 10 of
8 in 9 prevalence
10 of 11 disability
11 disability 12 in
11 disability 16 among
12 in 14 and
13 adl 14 and
14 and 15 survival
16 among 22 and
17 men 18 and
18 and 21 years
18 and 22 and
19 women 21 years
20 78 21 years
22 and 26 cohorts
23 older 26 cohorts
24 comparing 26 cohorts
25 two 26 cohorts

the study was a time trend study based on two population - based community cohorts , the nordanstig project ( np ) , collected 1995 - 1998 and the swedish national study on aging and care in nordanstig ( snac - n ) , collected 2001 - 2003 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 28 and
4 a 7 study
5 time 6 trend
6 trend 7 study
7 study 8 based
7 study 9 on
7 study 28 and
9 on 10 two
10 two 11 population
10 two 24 collected
11 population 15 cohorts
11 population 24 collected
12 - 15 cohorts
13 based 14 community
14 community 15 cohorts
15 cohorts 19 project
15 cohorts 23 ,
16 , 19 project
17 the 19 project
18 nordanstig 19 project
19 project 21 np
19 project 23 ,
20 ( 21 np
21 np 22 )
24 collected 26 -
25 1995 26 -
26 - 27 1998
28 and 32 study
28 and 33 on
29 the 32 study
30 swedish 32 study
31 national 32 study
33 on 36 care
34 aging 35 and
35 and 36 care
36 care 37 in
36 care 45 collected
37 in 38 nordanstig
38 nordanstig 40 snac
39 ( 40 snac
40 snac 42 n
40 snac 44 ,
41 - 42 n
42 n 43 )
45 collected 47 -
46 2001 47 -
47 - 48 2003

the participants were people aged 78 years and older from the np cohort ( n=303 ) and from the snac [-] n cohort ( n=406 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 people
4 people 5 aged
5 aged 8 and
6 78 7 years
7 years 8 and
8 and 9 older
9 older 17 and
10 from 13 cohort
10 from 17 and
11 the 13 cohort
12 np 13 cohort
13 cohort 15 n=303
14 ( 15 n=303
15 n=303 16 )
17 and 18 from
18 from 23 cohort
19 the 23 cohort
20 snac 22 n
20 snac 23 cohort
23 cohort 25 n=406
24 ( 25 n=406
25 n=406 26 )

all were clinically examined by physicians and nurses using standardized protocols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 all 2 were
2 were 3 clinically
2 were 4 examined
4 examined 5 by
5 by 7 and
6 physicians 7 and
7 and 8 nurses
7 and 9 using
9 using 11 protocols
10 standardized 11 protocols

disability was defined as a need for assistance in one or more adl activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 disability 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 4 as
3 defined 9 in
4 as 6 need
5 a 6 need
6 need 7 for
7 for 8 assistance
9 in 11 or
10 one 11 or
11 or 14 activities
12 more 14 activities
13 adl 14 activities

the prevalence of disability and survival were compared using logistic and cox models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 7 were
3 of 5 and
4 disability 5 and
5 and 6 survival
7 were 8 compared
8 compared 9 using
9 using 13 models
10 logistic 11 and
11 and 12 cox
11 and 13 models

the prevalence of adl disability was stable for men , while women became more disabled in adl during the time period , or 2.36 ( 1.12 - 4.94 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 6 was
3 of 5 disability
4 adl 5 disability
6 was 7 stable
7 stable 8 for
7 stable 11 while
8 for 9 men
10 , 11 while
11 while 12 women
11 while 13 became
11 while 29 )
12 women 13 became
13 became 15 disabled
14 more 15 disabled
15 disabled 16 in
16 in 17 adl
17 adl 18 during
17 adl 23 or
18 during 21 period
19 the 21 period
20 time 21 period
22 , 23 or
23 or 24 2.36
23 or 27 -
23 or 29 )
25 ( 27 -
26 1.12 27 -
27 - 28 4.94
27 - 29 )

there was no significant difference in survival time between the cohorts in either adl disabled persons or [non] [-] disabled persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
2 was 12 in
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
6 in 8 time
7 survival 8 time
8 time 9 between
9 between 11 cohorts
10 the 11 cohorts
12 in 17 or
13 either 17 or
14 adl 15 disabled
15 disabled 16 persons
16 persons 17 or
17 or 21 persons
20 disabled 21 persons

there was a tendency for increased survival for [non] [-] disabled persons in snac - n compared with np , [although] not significant ; this was particularly true for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 tendency
3 a 4 tendency
4 tendency 5 for
4 tendency 8 for
5 for 7 survival
6 increased 7 survival
8 for 12 persons
11 disabled 12 persons
12 persons 13 in
13 in 14 snac
15 - 16 n
15 - 17 compared
15 - 24 ;
15 - 31 .
16 n 17 compared
17 compared 18 with
18 with 19 np
19 np 23 significant
20 , 22 not
20 , 23 significant
22 not 23 significant
23 significant 24 ;
24 ; 25 this
24 ; 26 was
25 this 26 was
26 was 27 particularly
26 was 28 true
28 true 29 for
29 for 30 women

in general , women survived longer than men did regardless of whether they were adl disabled [or] [not] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 survived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 4 women
4 women 5 survived
5 survived 6 longer
5 survived 7 than
7 than 9 did
8 men 9 did
9 did 11 of
10 regardless 11 of
11 of 12 whether
12 whether 13 they
12 whether 14 were
13 they 14 were
14 were 15 adl
15 adl 16 disabled

the time trends for adl disability found in the study show that adl disability had increased in women but not in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 time
2 time 3 trends
3 trends 4 for
3 trends 7 found
4 for 6 disability
5 adl 6 disability
7 found 8 in
7 found 11 show
9 the 11 show
10 study 11 show
11 show 12 that
11 show 16 increased
12 that 14 disability
12 that 16 increased
13 adl 14 disability
14 disability 15 had
15 had 16 increased
16 increased 19 but
17 in 18 women
17 in 19 but
19 but 20 not
19 but 21 in
21 in 22 men

more studies are needed to identify risk factors for adl disability with a view to preventing it in time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 more 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 8 factors
6 identify 12 with
6 identify 15 to
7 risk 8 factors
8 factors 9 for
9 for 11 disability
10 adl 11 disability
12 with 14 view
13 a 14 view
15 to 16 preventing
16 preventing 17 it
16 preventing 18 in
18 in 19 time

recent studies in mice have identified single molecules that can delay multiple diseases of aging and extend lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 in
2 studies 16 and
3 in 4 mice
5 have 6 identified
5 have 16 and
6 identified 8 molecules
7 single 8 molecules
8 molecules 9 that
8 molecules 15 aging
9 that 10 can
10 can 11 delay
11 delay 13 diseases
12 multiple 13 diseases
13 diseases 14 of
14 of 15 aging
16 and 17 extend
17 extend 18 lifespan

in theory , such molecules could prevent dozens of diseases simultaneously , potentially extending healthy years of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 molecules
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 prevent
1 in 2 theory
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 molecules
4 such 5 molecules
5 molecules 6 could
6 could 7 prevent
7 prevent 10 diseases
7 prevent 11 simultaneously
7 prevent 14 extending
8 dozens 9 of
8 dozens 10 diseases
9 of 10 diseases
12 , 14 extending
13 potentially 14 extending
14 extending 16 years
14 extending 19 .
15 healthy 16 years
16 years 17 of
17 of 18 life

in this review , we discuss recent advances , controversies , opportunities , and challenges surrounding the development of sirt1 activators , molecules with the potential to delay aging and age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 8 advances
7 recent 8 advances
9 , 14 and
9 , 33 related
10 controversies 11 ,
11 , 12 opportunities
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 challenges
14 and 33 related
15 challenges 16 surrounding
15 challenges 19 of
16 surrounding 18 development
17 the 18 development
19 of 21 activators
20 sirt1 21 activators
21 activators 30 and
22 , 30 and
23 molecules 24 with
23 molecules 29 aging
23 molecules 30 and
24 with 26 potential
25 the 26 potential
26 potential 27 to
26 potential 28 delay
27 to 28 delay
30 and 31 age
30 and 32 -
33 related 34 diseases

sirtuins comprise a family of nad⁺ - dependent deacylases that are central to the body 's response to diet and exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 sirtuins 20 and
2 comprise 4 family
2 comprise 13 to
2 comprise 18 to
2 comprise 20 and
3 a 4 family
4 family 5 of
5 of 9 deacylases
6 nad⁺ 7 -
6 nad⁺ 9 deacylases
8 dependent 9 deacylases
9 deacylases 10 that
9 deacylases 11 are
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 central
13 to 17 response
14 the 15 body
15 body 16 's
16 's 17 response
18 to 19 diet
20 and 21 exercise

new studies indicate that both natural and synthetic sirtuin activating compounds ( stacs ) work via a common allosteric mechanism to stimulate sirtuin activity , thereby conferring broad health benefits in rodents , primates , and possibly humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 stimulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 new 2 studies
2 studies 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 7 and
4 that 15 work
5 both 7 and
6 natural 7 and
7 and 9 sirtuin
7 and 10 activating
7 and 15 work
8 synthetic 9 sirtuin
10 activating 11 compounds
11 compounds 13 stacs
12 ( 13 stacs
13 stacs 14 )
15 work 16 via
15 work 21 to
16 via 20 mechanism
17 a 18 common
17 a 20 mechanism
18 common 20 mechanism
19 allosteric 20 mechanism
21 to 22 stimulate
22 stimulate 36 and
23 sirtuin 24 activity
24 activity 25 ,
25 , 30 benefits
25 , 36 and
26 thereby 27 conferring
27 conferring 28 broad
28 broad 30 benefits
29 health 30 benefits
30 benefits 31 in
31 in 32 rodents
32 rodents 34 primates
33 , 34 primates
34 primates 35 ,
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 possibly
36 and 38 humans

the fact that two [-] thirds of people in the usa who consume multiple dietary supplements consume resveratrol , a sirt1 activator , underscores the importance of understanding the biochemical mechanism , physiological effects , and safety of stacs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 underscores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 fact
2 fact 3 that
2 fact 24 underscores
3 that 6 thirds
3 that 17 consume
4 two 6 thirds
6 thirds 7 of
6 thirds 17 consume
7 of 8 people
8 people 9 in
8 people 12 who
8 people 13 consume
9 in 11 usa
10 the 11 usa
12 who 13 consume
13 consume 16 supplements
14 multiple 16 supplements
15 dietary 16 supplements
17 consume 18 resveratrol
18 resveratrol 22 activator
19 , 22 activator
20 a 22 activator
21 sirt1 22 activator
22 activator 23 ,
24 underscores 36 and
25 the 26 importance
26 importance 27 of
26 importance 32 ,
27 of 28 understanding
28 understanding 31 mechanism
29 the 31 mechanism
30 biochemical 31 mechanism
32 , 34 effects
32 , 36 and
33 physiological 34 effects
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 safety
36 and 38 of
38 of 39 stacs

long - term care ( ltc ) facilities house individuals with diverse combinations of cognitive and physical impairments , and the practice of seated qigong eliminates common exercise barriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 facilities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 house
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 long 4 care
1 long 7 )
1 long 8 facilities
2 - 4 care
3 term 4 care
4 care 6 ltc
4 care 7 )
5 ( 6 ltc
6 ltc 7 )
8 facilities 9 house
9 house 10 individuals
10 individuals 11 with
10 individuals 14 of
11 with 13 combinations
12 diverse 13 combinations
14 of 18 impairments
15 cognitive 16 and
16 and 17 physical
16 and 18 impairments
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 practice
20 and 26 eliminates
21 the 22 practice
22 practice 23 of
22 practice 26 eliminates
23 of 25 qigong
24 seated 25 qigong
26 eliminates 29 barriers
27 common 29 barriers
28 exercise 29 barriers

this study hypothesized : 1 [ )(a single session would lower blood pressure ( bp ) and improve quality of life ( qol ) in a generalized ltc population , and [2] [ )(these responses would be attenuated with chronic ( weekly ) seated qigong practice [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 hypothesized
2 study 4 :
4 : 5 1
5 1 9 session
5 1 17 and
7 )(a 9 session
8 single 9 session
9 session 10 would
10 would 17 and
11 lower 13 pressure
11 lower 17 and
12 blood 13 pressure
13 pressure 15 bp
14 ( 15 bp
15 bp 16 )
17 and 18 improve
17 and 25 in
18 improve 19 quality
19 quality 20 of
19 quality 23 qol
20 of 21 life
22 ( 23 qol
23 qol 24 )
25 in 31 and
26 a 29 population
27 generalized 29 population
28 ltc 29 population
29 population 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 )(these
31 and 35 responses
31 and 37 be
31 and 38 attenuated
31 and 39 with
35 responses 36 would
36 would 37 be
39 with 46 practice
40 chronic 42 weekly
40 chronic 43 )
40 chronic 46 practice
41 ( 42 weekly
42 weekly 43 )
44 seated 46 practice
45 qigong 46 practice

ten residents ( 6 female [;] 86 ± 7 years ) participated in 1x/week seated qigong sessions for 10 - weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 ten 2 residents
2 residents 10 years
2 residents 12 participated
3 ( 10 years
4 6 10 years
5 female 10 years
7 86 10 years
8 ± 10 years
9 7 10 years
10 years 11 )
12 participated 13 in
13 in 17 sessions
14 1x/week 17 sessions
15 seated 16 qigong
16 qigong 17 sessions
17 sessions 18 for
18 for 19 10
20 - 21 weeks

bp and qol were assessed pre - and post - [session] at baseline and following 5 - [and] 10 - weeks of qigong . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 bp 2 and
2 and 3 qol
2 and 8 and
4 were 6 pre
4 were 8 and
5 assessed 6 pre
7 - 8 and
8 and 9 post
8 and 12 at
8 and 21 weeks
10 - 12 at
12 at 14 and
12 at 20 -
13 baseline 14 and
14 and 15 following
14 and 19 10
15 following 16 5
17 - 19 10
19 10 20 -
21 weeks 22 of
22 of 23 qigong

systolic bp was significantly reduced immediately post - session [after] 10 - weeks of qigong ( p = 0.03 ) , yet unchanged at baseline and after 5 - weeks [(] all p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 systolic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 systolic 2 bp
1 systolic 3 was
1 systolic 5 reduced
2 bp 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
5 reduced 6 immediately
5 reduced 7 post
7 post 9 session
7 post 13 weeks
8 - 9 session
9 session 11 10
9 session 12 -
12 - 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 of
13 weeks 36 )
14 of 15 qigong
15 qigong 18 =
15 qigong 23 unchanged
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.03
18 = 20 )
21 , 23 unchanged
22 yet 23 unchanged
23 unchanged 26 and
23 unchanged 36 )
24 at 25 baseline
24 at 26 and
26 and 27 after
27 after 28 5
28 5 30 weeks
29 - 30 weeks
30 weeks 32 all
30 weeks 34 >
30 weeks 36 )
32 all 34 >
33 p 34 >
34 > 35 0.05

diastolic bp and qol remained unchanged ( p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 diastolic 2 bp
2 bp 3 and
3 and 4 qol
3 and 5 remained
5 remained 6 unchanged
6 unchanged 9 >
7 ( 9 >
8 p 9 >
9 > 10 0.05
9 > 11 )

a session of seated qigong elicits a hypotensive response with exposure , supporting the notion that repeated sessions may provide advantageous health benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 session
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 elicits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 session
2 session 3 of
2 session 6 elicits
3 of 5 qigong
4 seated 5 qigong
6 elicits 9 response
6 elicits 10 with
7 a 8 hypotensive
7 a 9 response
8 hypotensive 9 response
10 with 11 exposure
12 , 13 supporting
12 , 20 provide
13 supporting 15 notion
13 supporting 19 may
14 the 15 notion
15 notion 16 that
15 notion 17 repeated
16 that 17 repeated
17 repeated 18 sessions
19 may 20 provide
20 provide 23 benefits
21 advantageous 22 health
22 health 23 benefits

complementary and alternative medicine ( cam ) is a group of [non] - traditional medical practices that includes natural products , manipulations , and mind and body medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 complementary 2 and
2 and 3 alternative
2 and 4 medicine
2 and 11 of
2 and 16 practices
2 and 24 and
4 medicine 6 cam
4 medicine 8 is
5 ( 6 cam
6 cam 7 )
8 is 10 group
9 a 10 group
10 group 11 of
13 - 16 practices
14 traditional 16 practices
15 medical 16 practices
16 practices 17 that
16 practices 18 includes
16 practices 23 ,
17 that 18 includes
18 includes 20 products
19 natural 20 products
20 products 22 manipulations
21 , 22 manipulations
22 manipulations 23 ,
24 and 25 mind
24 and 26 and
26 and 28 medicine
27 body 28 medicine

cam use has grown and become popular among patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 cam 2 use
2 use 3 has
3 has 5 and
4 grown 5 and
5 and 6 become
6 become 7 popular
7 popular 8 among
8 among 9 patients

in dermatology , honey , green tea , and vitamin c have been used as topical treatments for a variety of diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 dermatology
1 in 3 ,
1 in 9 and
4 honey 5 ,
5 , 7 tea
5 , 9 and
6 green 7 tea
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 vitamin
9 and 12 have
10 vitamin 11 c
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 used
14 used 15 as
15 as 17 treatments
16 topical 17 treatments
17 treatments 18 for
17 treatments 21 of
18 for 20 variety
19 a 20 variety
21 of 22 diseases

we performed a systematic review to explore the cutaneous effects of each of these three products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 5 review
2 performed 6 to
3 a 4 systematic
3 a 5 review
4 systematic 5 review
6 to 7 explore
7 explore 10 effects
8 the 10 effects
9 cutaneous 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 16 products
12 each 13 of
12 each 16 products
13 of 16 products
14 these 15 three
15 three 16 products

honey 's unique antibacterial , anti - inflammatory , and antioxidant properties were shown to contribute to wound healing , especially in ulcers and burns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 shown
1 honey 2 's
2 's 12 properties
3 unique 12 properties
4 antibacterial 5 ,
4 antibacterial 12 properties
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 12 properties
8 inflammatory 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 antioxidant
10 and 12 properties
12 properties 13 were
13 were 14 shown
14 shown 15 to
14 shown 17 to
15 to 16 contribute
17 to 18 wound
18 wound 19 healing
19 healing 22 in
20 , 21 especially
20 , 22 in
22 in 24 and
22 in 26 .
23 ulcers 24 and
24 and 25 burns

green tea , among many health benefits , demonstrated protection from ultraviolet - induced events , such as photoimmunosuppression and skin cancer growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 green
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 green 2 tea
1 green 18 as
2 tea 4 among
2 tea 10 protection
3 , 4 among
4 among 7 benefits
4 among 8 ,
5 many 7 benefits
6 health 7 benefits
8 , 10 protection
9 demonstrated 10 protection
10 protection 11 from
10 protection 16 ,
11 from 15 events
12 ultraviolet 13 -
12 ultraviolet 15 events
14 induced 15 events
17 such 18 as
18 as 20 and
19 photoimmunosuppression 20 and
20 and 23 growth
21 skin 23 growth
22 cancer 23 growth

vitamin c , known for its antioxidant properties and key role in collagen production , has been shown to produce positive effects on skin hyperpigmentation and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 vitamin 2 c
1 vitamin 4 known
1 vitamin 16 has
3 , 4 known
4 known 5 for
4 known 12 in
4 known 15 ,
5 for 9 and
6 its 8 properties
7 antioxidant 8 properties
8 properties 9 and
9 and 11 role
10 key 11 role
12 in 14 production
13 collagen 14 production
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 shown
18 shown 19 to
19 to 20 produce
20 produce 22 effects
20 produce 23 on
21 positive 22 effects
23 on 26 and
24 skin 25 hyperpigmentation
25 hyperpigmentation 26 and
26 and 27 aging

future large well - designed clinical trials are needed in order to further investigate the potential of these agents as dermatological therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 well
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 future 3 well
2 large 3 well
4 - 7 trials
4 - 9 needed
5 designed 7 trials
6 clinical 7 trials
7 trials 8 are
8 are 9 needed
9 needed 10 in
9 needed 20 as
10 in 11 order
11 order 12 to
11 order 14 investigate
12 to 14 investigate
13 further 14 investigate
14 investigate 16 potential
15 the 16 potential
16 potential 17 of
17 of 19 agents
18 these 19 agents
20 as 22 therapies
21 dermatological 22 therapies

background : adverse early life conditions such as perceived low quality of parental bonding increase vulnerability to stress and psychopathology in adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 6 conditions
3 adverse 6 conditions
4 early 5 life
5 life 6 conditions
6 conditions 8 as
6 conditions 12 of
6 conditions 21 in
7 such 8 as
8 as 11 quality
9 perceived 10 low
10 low 11 quality
12 of 16 vulnerability
13 parental 15 increase
14 bonding 15 increase
15 increase 16 vulnerability
16 vulnerability 17 to
17 to 19 and
18 stress 19 and
19 and 20 psychopathology
21 in 22 adulthood

however [,] the mechanisms by which perceptions of parental bonding translate into vulnerability are unclear [and] remain sparsely investigated in healthy populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 4 mechanisms
1 however 14 are
1 however 17 remain
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 by
4 mechanisms 14 are
5 by 6 which
5 by 7 perceptions
5 by 11 translate
7 perceptions 8 of
7 perceptions 11 translate
8 of 10 bonding
9 parental 10 bonding
11 translate 12 into
12 into 13 vulnerability
14 are 15 unclear
17 remain 19 investigated
17 remain 20 in
18 sparsely 19 investigated
20 in 22 populations
21 healthy 22 populations

we proposed a model , in which the personality trait harm avoidance would mediate effects of recollected parental bonding during the first sixteen years of life on measures of perceived stress and mental distress severity in adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proposed
1 we 2 proposed
2 proposed 4 model
3 a 4 model
4 model 6 in
5 , 6 in
6 in 7 which
6 in 12 avoidance
6 in 14 mediate
6 in 38 .
8 the 10 trait
9 personality 10 trait
10 trait 12 avoidance
11 harm 12 avoidance
12 avoidance 13 would
13 would 14 mediate
14 mediate 15 effects
14 mediate 20 during
15 effects 16 of
16 of 19 bonding
17 recollected 19 bonding
18 parental 19 bonding
20 during 32 and
21 the 22 first
21 the 23 sixteen
23 sixteen 24 years
24 years 25 of
24 years 32 and
25 of 26 life
26 life 27 on
27 on 28 measures
28 measures 29 of
29 of 31 stress
30 perceived 31 stress
32 and 35 severity
33 mental 34 distress
34 distress 35 severity
35 severity 36 in
36 in 37 adulthood

method : five [-] hundred - eighteen adults ( 65.1 % women ) , aged 18 - 53years , completed questionnaires of parental bonding , perceived stress , trait harm avoidance , and severity of mental distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 5 hundred
3 five 5 hundred
5 hundred 8 adults
5 hundred 18 53years
6 - 8 adults
7 eighteen 8 adults
8 adults 12 women
8 adults 15 aged
8 adults 17 -
9 ( 12 women
10 65.1 12 women
11 % 12 women
12 women 13 )
14 , 15 aged
15 aged 16 18
15 aged 17 -
17 - 18 53years
18 53years 19 ,
19 , 33 and
20 completed 21 questionnaires
21 questionnaires 22 of
21 questionnaires 25 ,
22 of 24 bonding
23 parental 24 bonding
25 , 27 stress
25 , 28 ,
26 perceived 27 stress
28 , 31 avoidance
28 , 33 and
29 trait 31 avoidance
30 harm 31 avoidance
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 severity
33 and 35 of
35 of 37 distress
36 mental 37 distress

direct and indirect effects mediated through trait harm avoidance were examined in a structural equation model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 direct 2 and
2 and 4 effects
2 and 5 mediated
2 and 6 through
2 and 10 were
3 indirect 4 effects
6 through 9 avoidance
7 trait 9 avoidance
8 harm 9 avoidance
10 were 11 examined
11 examined 12 in
12 in 16 model
13 a 14 structural
13 a 16 model
14 structural 15 equation
15 equation 16 model

results : under the causal assumptions of our proposed model , indirect effects of trait harm avoidance mediated the relationship between parental overprotection and severity of mental distress , while significantly attenuating the direct effects of parental care on severity of mental distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 under
3 under 6 assumptions
4 the 6 assumptions
5 causal 6 assumptions
6 assumptions 7 of
7 of 10 model
8 our 10 model
9 proposed 10 model
11 , 13 effects
11 , 18 mediated
12 indirect 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
13 effects 18 mediated
14 of 17 avoidance
15 trait 17 avoidance
16 harm 17 avoidance
18 mediated 20 relationship
18 mediated 21 between
18 mediated 30 while
19 the 20 relationship
21 between 24 and
22 parental 23 overprotection
23 overprotection 24 and
24 and 25 severity
24 and 26 of
26 of 28 distress
27 mental 28 distress
29 , 30 while
30 while 32 attenuating
30 while 44 .
31 significantly 32 attenuating
32 attenuating 35 effects
32 attenuating 39 on
33 the 35 effects
34 direct 35 effects
35 effects 36 of
36 of 38 care
37 parental 38 care
39 on 40 severity
40 severity 41 of
41 of 43 distress
42 mental 43 distress

moreover , indirect effects of trait harm avoidance significantly attenuated the direct effects of parental overprotection and care on perceived stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 effects
3 indirect 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 10 attenuated
5 of 8 avoidance
6 trait 8 avoidance
7 harm 8 avoidance
9 significantly 10 attenuated
10 attenuated 13 effects
10 attenuated 19 on
11 the 13 effects
12 direct 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
14 of 17 and
15 parental 16 overprotection
16 overprotection 17 and
17 and 18 care
19 on 21 stress
20 perceived 21 stress

conclusion : in this large sample of mentally healthy adults , recollected parental bonding was significantly associated with levels of perceived stress and severity of mental distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 sample
4 this 6 sample
5 large 6 sample
6 sample 7 of
7 of 10 adults
8 mentally 9 healthy
9 healthy 10 adults
11 , 14 bonding
11 , 17 associated
12 recollected 14 bonding
13 parental 14 bonding
14 bonding 15 was
15 was 17 associated
16 significantly 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 23 and
21 perceived 22 stress
22 stress 23 and
23 and 24 severity
23 and 25 of
25 of 27 distress
26 mental 27 distress

the results from our proposed model further suggest that trait harm avoidance may be a developmental link , by which the quality of recollected parental bonding in childhood translates into adult vulnerability to stress and mental distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 from
2 results 8 suggest
3 from 6 model
4 our 6 model
5 proposed 6 model
7 further 8 suggest
8 suggest 10 trait
9 that 10 trait
10 trait 12 avoidance
10 trait 14 be
10 trait 19 by
11 harm 12 avoidance
12 avoidance 13 may
13 may 14 be
14 be 17 link
15 a 17 link
16 developmental 17 link
18 , 19 by
19 by 20 which
19 by 22 quality
19 by 29 translates
19 by 38 .
21 the 22 quality
22 quality 23 of
22 quality 29 translates
23 of 26 bonding
24 recollected 26 bonding
25 parental 26 bonding
26 bonding 27 in
27 in 28 childhood
29 translates 30 into
30 into 35 and
31 adult 32 vulnerability
32 vulnerability 33 to
32 vulnerability 35 and
33 to 34 stress
35 and 37 distress
36 mental 37 distress

none the morphological and histological changes related to testicular aging are : volume decrease , arteriolar sclerosis , degeneration of leydig cells and sertoli , depletion of germ cells and thickening of the tunica albuginea testis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
1 none 6 changes
1 none 11 are
1 none 12 :
2 the 6 changes
3 morphological 4 and
4 and 5 histological
4 and 6 changes
6 changes 7 related
6 changes 11 are
7 related 8 to
8 to 10 aging
9 testicular 10 aging
12 : 14 decrease
13 volume 14 decrease
14 decrease 17 sclerosis
15 , 17 sclerosis
16 arteriolar 17 sclerosis
17 sclerosis 18 ,
18 , 23 and
19 degeneration 20 of
19 degeneration 23 and
20 of 22 cells
21 leydig 22 cells
23 and 24 sertoli
23 and 25 ,
23 and 30 and
25 , 30 and
26 depletion 27 of
26 depletion 30 and
27 of 29 cells
28 germ 29 cells
30 and 31 thickening
30 and 37 .
31 thickening 32 of
32 of 36 testis
33 the 36 testis
34 tunica 36 testis
35 albuginea 36 testis

the participation [in] testicular androgen decline in aging is related to the decrease in the number of leydig cells associated with alterations in the functioning of the hypothalamic - pituitary axis sperm volume , concentration and total number , motility and morphology of sperm decrease with aging male . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 the 6 decline
2 participation 6 decline
4 testicular 5 androgen
5 androgen 6 decline
6 decline 7 in
6 decline 9 is
7 in 8 aging
9 is 10 related
10 related 11 to
11 to 13 decrease
12 the 13 decrease
13 decrease 14 in
13 decrease 19 cells
13 decrease 20 associated
13 decrease 26 of
14 in 16 number
15 the 16 number
16 number 17 of
17 of 18 leydig
19 cells 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
20 associated 23 in
21 with 22 alterations
23 in 25 functioning
24 the 25 functioning
26 of 28 hypothalamic
27 the 28 hypothalamic
29 - 41 and
29 - 45 decrease
29 - 49 .
30 pituitary 31 axis
31 axis 33 volume
32 sperm 33 volume
33 volume 34 ,
34 , 35 concentration
34 , 36 and
36 and 38 number
36 and 39 ,
37 total 38 number
39 , 40 motility
39 , 41 and
41 and 42 morphology
41 and 43 of
41 and 45 decrease
43 of 44 sperm
45 decrease 46 with
46 with 47 aging
46 with 48 male

the interindividual variability of sperm parameters , the variability of methodologies for data [collection] and selection of patients must be careful in interpreting the published results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 variability
2 interindividual 3 variability
3 variability 4 of
3 variability 7 ,
4 of 6 parameters
5 sperm 6 parameters
7 , 9 variability
7 , 15 and
8 the 9 variability
9 variability 10 of
10 of 11 methodologies
11 methodologies 12 for
12 for 13 data
15 and 16 selection
15 and 17 of
15 and 19 must
17 of 18 patients
19 must 20 be
20 be 21 careful
21 careful 22 in
22 in 23 interpreting
23 interpreting 26 results
24 the 26 results
25 published 26 results

overall , the quality of sperm decreases progressively with age , without any age limit that can be individualized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 quality
3 the 4 quality
4 quality 5 of
4 quality 7 decreases
5 of 6 sperm
7 decreases 8 progressively
7 decreases 9 with
9 with 10 age
11 , 12 without
11 , 18 be
12 without 15 limit
12 without 18 be
13 any 15 limit
14 age 15 limit
16 that 17 can
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 individualized

alterations of spermatogenesis do [not] [seem] significantly compromising fertility in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 do
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 alterations 2 of
1 alterations 4 do
2 of 3 spermatogenesis
4 do 9 fertility
4 do 10 in
7 significantly 8 compromising
8 compromising 9 fertility
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly

the clinical impact of testicular aging implies androgen production decrease and diseases associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 implies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 impact
2 clinical 3 impact
3 impact 4 of
3 impact 7 implies
4 of 6 aging
5 testicular 6 aging
7 implies 11 and
7 implies 13 associated
8 androgen 10 decrease
9 production 10 decrease
10 decrease 11 and
11 and 12 diseases
11 and 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 aging

cardiovascular ( cv ) risk factors [,] such as hypertension [,] diabetes , and hyperlipidemia are associated with cognitive impairment and risk of dementia in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 cardiovascular 3 cv
1 cardiovascular 4 )
1 cardiovascular 5 risk
2 ( 3 cv
3 cv 4 )
5 risk 6 factors
5 risk 16 are
5 risk 17 associated
6 factors 9 as
6 factors 16 are
8 such 9 as
9 as 14 and
10 hypertension 12 diabetes
12 diabetes 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 hyperlipidemia
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 25 in
18 with 21 and
19 cognitive 20 impairment
20 impairment 21 and
21 and 22 risk
21 and 23 of
23 of 24 dementia
25 in 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

however , the mechanisms linking them are not clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mechanisms
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 linking
4 mechanisms 7 are
5 linking 6 them
7 are 8 not
7 are 9 clear
8 not 9 clear

this study aims to investigate the association between aggregate cv risk , assessed by the framingham general cardiovascular risk profile , and functional brain activation in a group [of] community - dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 7 association
5 investigate 13 assessed
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 between
8 between 11 risk
9 aggregate 11 risk
10 cv 11 risk
12 , 13 assessed
13 assessed 14 by
13 assessed 26 in
13 assessed 31 -
14 by 22 and
15 the 20 profile
16 framingham 17 general
17 general 20 profile
18 cardiovascular 20 profile
19 risk 20 profile
20 profile 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 activation
23 functional 24 brain
24 brain 25 activation
26 in 30 community
27 a 30 community
28 group 30 community
31 - 34 adults
32 dwelling 34 adults
33 older 34 adults

sixty participants [(] mean age : 64.6 years [ )(from the brain health study , a [nested] study of the baltimore experience corps trial , underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging using the flanker task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 sixty 2 participants
2 participants 4 mean
4 mean 5 age
6 : 8 years
6 : 34 task
6 : 35 .
7 64.6 8 years
8 years 14 study
8 years 26 underwent
8 years 34 task
10 )(from 13 health
10 )(from 14 study
11 the 13 health
12 brain 13 health
14 study 18 study
14 study 26 underwent
15 , 18 study
16 a 18 study
18 study 19 of
18 study 25 ,
19 of 24 trial
20 the 24 trial
21 baltimore 22 experience
22 experience 23 corps
23 corps 24 trial
26 underwent 30 imaging
26 underwent 31 using
27 functional 30 imaging
28 magnetic 30 imaging
29 resonance 30 imaging
31 using 33 flanker
32 the 33 flanker

we found that participants with higher cv risk had [greater] task - related activation in the left inferior parietal region , and this increased activation was associated with poorer task performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 4 participants
2 found 5 with
5 with 7 cv
6 higher 7 cv
7 cv 8 risk
7 cv 9 had
7 cv 14 activation
8 risk 9 had
9 had 11 task
12 - 14 activation
13 related 14 activation
14 activation 15 in
14 activation 21 ,
15 in 20 region
16 the 20 region
17 left 20 region
18 inferior 20 region
19 parietal 20 region
22 and 25 activation
22 and 27 associated
23 this 25 activation
24 increased 25 activation
25 activation 26 was
26 was 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 31 performance
29 poorer 31 performance
30 task 31 performance

our results provide insights into the neural systems underlying the relationship between cv risk and executive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 4 insights
3 provide 5 into
5 into 8 systems
6 the 8 systems
7 neural 8 systems
8 systems 9 underlying
9 underlying 11 relationship
9 underlying 12 between
10 the 11 relationship
12 between 15 and
13 cv 14 risk
14 risk 15 and
15 and 17 function
16 executive 17 function

increased activation of the inferior parietal region may offer a pathway through which cv risk increases risk for cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 increased 2 activation
2 activation 3 of
2 activation 8 may
3 of 7 region
4 the 7 region
5 inferior 7 region
6 parietal 7 region
8 may 9 offer
9 offer 11 pathway
10 a 11 pathway
11 pathway 12 through
12 through 13 which
12 through 15 risk
12 through 16 increases
14 cv 15 risk
15 risk 16 increases
16 increases 17 risk
17 risk 18 for
18 for 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment

trem and trem - like receptors are a structurally similar protein family encoded by genes clustered on chromosome 6p21.11 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 trem 2 and
2 and 3 trem
2 and 4 -
2 and 5 like
2 and 7 are
5 like 6 receptors
7 are 19 6p21.11
8 a 9 structurally
8 a 19 6p21.11
9 structurally 10 similar
10 similar 11 protein
11 protein 12 family
12 family 13 encoded
12 family 14 by
12 family 16 clustered
14 by 15 genes
16 clustered 17 on
17 on 19 6p21.11
18 chromosome 19 6p21.11

recent studies have identified a rare coding variant ( p.r47h ) in trem2 that confers a high risk for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 identified
4 identified 8 variant
4 identified 12 in
5 a 8 variant
6 rare 8 variant
7 coding 8 variant
8 variant 10 p.r47h
9 ( 10 p.r47h
10 p.r47h 11 )
12 in 13 trem2
13 trem2 14 that
13 trem2 15 confers
14 that 15 confers
15 confers 18 risk
16 a 18 risk
17 high 18 risk
18 risk 19 for
19 for 22 disease
20 alzheimer 21 's
21 's 22 disease
22 disease 24 ad
23 ( 24 ad
24 ad 25 )

in addition , common single nucleotide polymorphisms in this genomic region are associated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for ad and a common intergenic variant found near the treml2 gene has been identified to be protective for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 polymorphisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 polymorphisms
4 common 6 nucleotide
5 single 6 nucleotide
6 nucleotide 7 polymorphisms
7 polymorphisms 8 in
7 polymorphisms 12 are
8 in 11 region
9 this 11 region
10 genomic 11 region
12 are 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 17 biomarkers
14 with 18 for
15 cerebrospinal 16 fluid
16 fluid 17 biomarkers
18 for 19 ad
20 and 24 variant
20 and 32 identified
21 a 24 variant
22 common 24 variant
23 intergenic 24 variant
24 variant 25 found
24 variant 30 has
25 found 26 near
26 near 29 gene
27 the 29 gene
28 treml2 29 gene
30 has 31 been
31 been 32 identified
32 identified 33 to
33 to 34 be
34 be 35 protective
35 protective 36 for
36 for 37 ad

however , little is known about the functional variant underlying the latter association or its relationship with the p.r47h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 17 with
6 about 14 or
7 the 9 variant
8 functional 9 variant
9 variant 10 underlying
9 variant 14 or
10 underlying 13 association
11 the 13 association
12 latter 13 association
14 or 16 relationship
15 its 16 relationship
17 with 19 p.r47h
18 the 19 p.r47h

additionally , we demonstrate that the protective role of treml2 in ad is [independent] of the role of trem2 [gene] as a risk factor for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 that
5 that 8 role
5 that 13 is
6 the 8 role
7 protective 8 role
8 role 9 of
8 role 13 is
9 of 10 treml2
10 treml2 11 in
11 in 12 ad
13 is 15 of
13 is 21 as
15 of 17 role
16 the 17 role
17 role 18 of
18 of 19 trem2
21 as 24 factor
22 a 24 factor
23 risk 24 factor
24 factor 25 for
25 for 26 ad

exposure to chronic stressors is associated with accelerated biological aging as indicated by reduced leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 exposure 2 to
1 exposure 5 is
2 to 4 stressors
3 chronic 4 stressors
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 13 by
7 with 10 aging
8 accelerated 10 aging
9 biological 10 aging
10 aging 12 indicated
11 as 12 indicated
13 by 17 length
14 reduced 17 length
15 leukocyte 17 length
16 telomere 17 length
17 length 19 ltl
18 ( 19 ltl
19 ltl 20 )

this impact could be because of chronic overactivation of the body 's physiological stress systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 impact
2 impact 3 could
3 could 4 be
4 be 6 of
5 because 6 of
6 of 8 overactivation
7 chronic 8 overactivation
8 overactivation 9 of
9 of 15 systems
10 the 11 body
11 body 12 's
12 's 15 systems
13 physiological 14 stress
14 stress 15 systems

this study examined the associations between ltl and the immune system , hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 associations
3 examined 6 between
4 the 5 associations
6 between 19 and
7 ltl 8 and
8 and 11 system
8 and 12 ,
9 the 11 system
10 immune 11 system
12 , 18 axis
12 , 19 and
13 hypothalamic 14 -
13 hypothalamic 18 axis
15 pituitary 16 -
15 pituitary 18 axis
17 adrenal 18 axis
19 and 22 system
20 autonomic 22 system
21 nervous 22 system

ltl was assessed in 2936 adults from the netherlands study of depression and anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ltl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ltl 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 in
4 in 6 adults
5 2936 6 adults
6 adults 7 from
7 from 10 study
8 the 10 study
9 netherlands 10 study
10 study 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 depression 13 and
13 and 14 anxiety

linear regression analyses were performed and adjusted for sociodemographic , lifestyle and clinical factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 linear 2 regression
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 6 and
3 analyses 8 for
3 analyses 12 and
4 were 5 performed
4 were 6 and
6 and 7 adjusted
8 for 11 lifestyle
9 sociodemographic 10 ,
9 sociodemographic 11 lifestyle
12 and 14 factors
13 clinical 14 factors

shorter ltl was significantly associated with higher [c] - reactive protein , interleukin - 6 , area under the curve with respect to increase , and heart rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ltl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 shorter 2 ltl
2 ltl 3 was
3 was 5 associated
4 significantly 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 11 protein
7 higher 9 -
7 higher 11 protein
10 reactive 11 protein
11 protein 13 interleukin
12 , 13 interleukin
13 interleukin 15 6
13 interleukin 16 ,
14 - 15 6
15 6 16 ,
16 , 26 and
17 area 18 under
17 area 26 and
18 under 20 curve
19 the 20 curve
20 curve 21 with
21 with 22 respect
22 respect 23 to
22 respect 24 increase
23 to 24 increase
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 rate
27 heart 28 rate

a cumulative index score was calculated [based] on the number of [highest] tertiles of these 4 stress markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 cumulative
1 a 4 score
2 cumulative 3 index
3 index 4 score
4 score 5 was
5 was 6 calculated
6 calculated 8 on
8 on 10 number
9 the 10 number
10 number 11 of
11 of 13 tertiles
13 tertiles 14 of
14 of 18 markers
15 these 16 4
16 4 18 markers
17 stress 18 markers

ltl demonstrated a significant gradient within subjects ranging from having zero ( 5528 base pairs ) to having 4 elevated stress markers ( 5371 base pairs , p [for] [trend] = 0.002 ) , corresponding to a difference of 10 years of accelerated biological aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ltl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 ltl 2 demonstrated
2 demonstrated 5 gradient
3 a 5 gradient
4 significant 5 gradient
5 gradient 6 within
5 gradient 8 ranging
6 within 7 subjects
8 ranging 9 from
8 ranging 17 to
9 from 10 having
10 having 11 zero
11 zero 15 pairs
12 ( 15 pairs
13 5528 15 pairs
14 base 15 pairs
15 pairs 16 )
17 to 18 having
18 having 19 4
18 having 21 stress
19 4 20 elevated
21 stress 22 markers
21 stress 35 corresponding
22 markers 26 pairs
23 ( 26 pairs
24 5371 26 pairs
25 base 26 pairs
26 pairs 31 =
26 pairs 34 ,
27 , 31 =
28 p 31 =
31 = 32 0.002
31 = 33 )
35 corresponding 36 to
36 to 38 difference
37 a 38 difference
38 difference 39 of
39 of 41 years
40 10 41 years
41 years 42 of
42 of 45 aging
43 accelerated 45 aging
44 biological 45 aging

contrary to the expectations , shorter ltl was also associated with longer pre - ejection period , indicating lower sympathetic tone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ltl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 contrary 2 to
1 contrary 5 ,
1 contrary 7 ltl
2 to 4 expectations
3 the 4 expectations
6 shorter 7 ltl
7 ltl 8 was
8 was 10 associated
9 also 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 pre
11 with 18 indicating
12 longer 13 pre
13 pre 16 period
14 - 16 period
15 ejection 16 period
16 period 17 ,
18 indicating 21 tone
19 lower 21 tone
20 sympathetic 21 tone

this large - scale study showed that inflammation , high awakening cortisol response , and increased heart rate are associated with shorter ltl , especially when they are dysregulated cumulatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
1 this 5 study
2 large 3 -
2 large 4 scale
4 scale 5 study
5 study 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
7 that 15 and
7 that 20 associated
8 inflammation 9 ,
9 , 13 response
9 , 15 and
10 high 11 awakening
11 awakening 12 cortisol
12 cortisol 13 response
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 rate
15 and 19 are
16 increased 17 heart
17 heart 18 rate
19 are 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
20 associated 26 when
21 with 23 ltl
22 shorter 23 ltl
24 , 25 especially
24 , 26 when
26 when 27 they
26 when 29 dysregulated
26 when 31 .
27 they 28 are
28 are 29 dysregulated
29 dysregulated 30 cumulatively

gv1001 is a 16 [-] amino - acid vaccine peptide derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gv1001
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 gv1001 2 is
2 is 10 peptide
3 a 10 peptide
4 16 10 peptide
6 amino 7 -
6 amino 9 vaccine
8 acid 9 vaccine
9 vaccine 10 peptide
10 peptide 11 derived
10 peptide 12 from
12 from 18 sequence
13 the 18 sequence
14 human 15 telomerase
15 telomerase 18 sequence
16 reverse 18 sequence
17 transcriptase 18 sequence

we investigated the effects of gv1001 against β - amyloid ( aβ ) oligomer - induced neurotoxicity in rat neural stem cells ( nscs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 effects
2 investigated 7 against
2 investigated 18 in
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
5 of 6 gv1001
7 against 17 neurotoxicity
8 β 9 -
8 β 17 neurotoxicity
10 amyloid 12 aβ
10 amyloid 17 neurotoxicity
11 ( 12 aβ
12 aβ 13 )
14 oligomer 15 -
14 oligomer 17 neurotoxicity
16 induced 17 neurotoxicity
18 in 22 cells
19 rat 22 cells
20 neural 21 stem
21 stem 22 cells
22 cells 24 nscs
23 ( 24 nscs
24 nscs 25 )

primary culture nscs were treated with several concentrations of gv1001 [and/or] aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer for 48 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 culture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 primary 2 culture
2 culture 3 nscs
2 culture 4 were
2 culture 5 treated
3 nscs 4 were
5 treated 6 with
6 with 8 concentrations
6 with 13 oligomer
7 several 8 concentrations
8 concentrations 9 of
9 of 12 aβ₂₅₋₃₅
10 gv1001 12 aβ₂₅₋₃₅
13 oligomer 14 for
14 for 16 hours
15 48 16 hours

gv1001 protected nscs against the aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer in a concentration - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gv1001
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 gv1001 2 protected
2 protected 3 nscs
2 protected 4 against
4 against 6 aβ₂₅₋₃₅
5 the 6 aβ₂₅₋₃₅
6 aβ₂₅₋₃₅ 7 oligomer
7 oligomer 8 in
8 in 10 concentration
9 a 10 concentration
11 - 13 manner
12 dependent 13 manner

aβ₂₅₋₃₅ concentration dependently decreased viability , proliferation , and mobilization of nscs and gv1001 treatment restored the cells to wild - type levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 aβ₂₅₋₃₅ 2 concentration
2 concentration 4 decreased
3 dependently 4 decreased
4 decreased 9 and
5 viability 6 ,
6 , 7 proliferation
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 mobilization
9 and 11 of
9 and 15 treatment
9 and 16 restored
11 of 14 gv1001
12 nscs 13 and
13 and 14 gv1001
15 treatment 16 restored
16 restored 18 cells
16 restored 19 to
17 the 18 cells
19 to 23 levels
20 wild 21 -
20 wild 22 type
22 type 23 levels

aβ₂₅₋₃₅ increased free radical levels in rat nscs while combined treatment with gv1001 significantly reduced these levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aβ₂₅₋₃₅
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 aβ₂₅₋₃₅ 2 increased
1 aβ₂₅₋₃₅ 5 levels
2 increased 3 free
2 increased 4 radical
5 levels 6 in
5 levels 9 while
6 in 8 nscs
7 rat 8 nscs
9 while 11 treatment
9 while 15 reduced
10 combined 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 with
11 treatment 15 reduced
12 with 13 gv1001
14 significantly 15 reduced
15 reduced 17 levels
16 these 17 levels

in addition , gv1001 treatment of aβ₂₅₋₃₅ - injured nscs increased the expression level of survival - related proteins , including mitochondria - associated survival proteins , and decreased the levels of death and inflammation - related proteins , including mitochondria - associated death proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 treatment
4 gv1001 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 of
5 treatment 11 increased
6 of 10 nscs
7 aβ₂₅₋₃₅ 8 -
7 aβ₂₅₋₃₅ 10 nscs
9 injured 10 nscs
11 increased 28 and
12 the 14 level
13 expression 14 level
14 level 15 of
14 level 21 including
14 level 28 and
15 of 16 survival
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 proteins
18 related 20 ,
18 related 21 including
21 including 22 mitochondria
22 mitochondria 26 proteins
23 - 26 proteins
24 associated 25 survival
25 survival 26 proteins
26 proteins 27 ,
28 and 45 proteins
29 decreased 45 proteins
30 the 31 levels
31 levels 32 of
31 levels 34 and
32 of 33 death
34 and 35 inflammation
34 and 44 death
35 inflammation 43 associated
36 - 37 related
37 related 38 proteins
37 related 40 including
37 related 42 -
37 related 43 associated
39 , 40 including
40 including 41 mitochondria
40 including 42 -
44 death 45 proteins

together , these results suggest that gv1001 possesses neuroprotective effects against aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer in nscs and that these effects [are] mediated through mimicking the extra - telomeric functions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase , including the induction of cellular proliferation , anti - apoptotic effects , mitochondrial stabilization , and anti - aging and anti - oxidant effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 results
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 16 and
6 that 7 gv1001
6 that 8 possesses
6 that 16 and
7 gv1001 8 possesses
8 possesses 10 effects
8 possesses 14 in
9 neuroprotective 10 effects
10 effects 11 against
11 against 13 oligomer
12 aβ₂₅₋₃₅ 13 oligomer
14 in 15 nscs
16 and 17 that
17 that 19 effects
17 that 21 mediated
18 these 19 effects
19 effects 21 mediated
21 mediated 22 through
21 mediated 28 functions
22 through 23 mimicking
24 the 28 functions
25 extra 26 -
25 extra 28 functions
27 telomeric 28 functions
28 functions 29 of
28 functions 38 of
29 of 33 transcriptase
30 human 33 transcriptase
31 telomerase 32 reverse
32 reverse 33 transcriptase
33 transcriptase 35 including
34 , 35 including
35 including 37 induction
36 the 37 induction
38 of 40 proliferation
39 cellular 40 proliferation
40 proliferation 50 and
41 , 50 and
42 anti 43 -
42 anti 45 effects
44 apoptotic 45 effects
45 effects 46 ,
46 , 48 stabilization
46 , 50 and
47 mitochondrial 48 stabilization
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 anti
50 and 54 and
50 and 59 .
52 - 54 and
53 aging 54 and
54 and 55 anti
54 and 56 -
54 and 57 oxidant
54 and 58 effects
54 and 59 .
57 oxidant 58 effects

mutations in c9orf72 , sod1 , tardbp , and fus genes account for approximately two - third [of] familial cases [and] 5 % of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 9 and
2 in 3 c9orf72
3 c9orf72 5 sod1
3 c9orf72 7 tardbp
4 , 5 sod1
5 sod1 6 ,
6 , 7 tardbp
7 tardbp 8 ,
9 and 10 fus
10 fus 11 genes
11 genes 12 account
12 account 13 for
13 for 15 two
14 approximately 15 two
16 - 20 cases
17 third 20 cases
19 familial 20 cases
20 cases 23 %
20 cases 32 cases
22 5 23 %
23 % 24 of
23 % 32 cases
24 of 28 sclerosis
25 sporadic 28 sclerosis
26 amyotrophic 28 sclerosis
27 lateral 28 sclerosis
28 sclerosis 30 als
29 ( 30 als
30 als 31 )

we present the first case of an als patient carrying [a] de novo nonsense mutation in exon 14 of the fus gene ( c.1483c>t ; p.r495x [ )(with an apparently familial als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 p.r495x
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 5 case
2 present 16 in
3 the 5 case
4 first 5 case
5 case 6 of
6 of 9 patient
7 an 9 patient
8 als 9 patient
9 patient 10 carrying
10 carrying 13 novo
10 carrying 15 mutation
12 de 13 novo
14 nonsense 15 mutation
16 in 17 exon
17 exon 18 14
17 exon 19 of
19 of 22 gene
20 the 22 gene
21 fus 22 gene
22 gene 24 c.1483c>t
23 ( 24 c.1483c>t
24 c.1483c>t 25 ;
25 ; 26 p.r495x
26 p.r495x 28 )(with
28 )(with 32 als
29 an 32 als
30 apparently 31 familial
31 familial 32 als

this mutation causes a phenotype characterized by a young age [at] onset , a rapid course ( < 24 months ) , and a bulbar onset with early respiratory involvement with a predominant lower motor neuron disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 mutation
2 mutation 3 causes
3 causes 23 and
3 causes 27 with
3 causes 31 with
4 a 5 phenotype
5 phenotype 6 characterized
5 phenotype 23 and
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 12 onset
8 a 9 young
8 a 12 onset
9 young 10 age
10 age 12 onset
12 onset 16 course
13 , 16 course
14 a 15 rapid
14 a 16 course
15 rapid 16 course
16 course 20 months
16 course 22 ,
17 ( 20 months
18 < 19 24
19 24 20 months
20 months 21 )
23 and 26 onset
24 a 25 bulbar
24 a 26 onset
25 bulbar 26 onset
27 with 30 involvement
28 early 30 involvement
29 respiratory 30 involvement
31 with 37 disease
32 a 37 disease
33 predominant 35 motor
34 lower 35 motor
35 motor 37 disease
36 neuron 37 disease

de novo mutations could account for a sizable number of apparently sporadic als patients carrying mutations of als - related genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 de 2 novo
2 novo 3 mutations
3 mutations 4 could
4 could 5 account
5 account 6 for
6 for 14 patients
7 a 8 sizable
7 a 9 number
8 sizable 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 14 patients
10 of 14 patients
11 apparently 12 sporadic
12 sporadic 14 patients
13 als 14 patients
14 patients 15 carrying
14 patients 17 of
15 carrying 16 mutations
17 of 18 als
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 genes

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder involving the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 amyotrophic 3 sclerosis
2 lateral 3 sclerosis
3 sclerosis 5 als
3 sclerosis 7 is
4 ( 5 als
5 als 6 )
7 is 11 disorder
8 a 11 disorder
9 fatal 11 disorder
10 neurodegenerative 11 disorder
11 disorder 12 involving
12 involving 15 degeneration
12 involving 19 in
13 the 15 degeneration
14 progressive 15 degeneration
15 degeneration 16 of
16 of 18 neurons
17 motor 18 neurons
19 in 22 and
20 the 21 brain
21 brain 22 and
22 and 24 cord
23 spinal 24 cord

mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in als disease progression and has been observed in several als cellular and animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 mitochondrial 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 11 and
3 plays 6 role
3 plays 7 in
3 plays 11 and
4 a 6 role
5 key 6 role
7 in 10 progression
8 als 9 disease
9 disease 10 progression
11 and 12 has
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 observed
14 observed 15 in
15 in 21 models
16 several 21 models
17 als 21 models
18 cellular 19 and
19 and 20 animal
19 and 21 models

here , we show that fibroblasts isolated from als cases with a cu/zn superoxide dismutase ( sod1 ) i113t mutation recapitulate these mitochondrial defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 6 fibroblasts
5 that 21 recapitulate
6 fibroblasts 7 isolated
6 fibroblasts 21 recapitulate
7 isolated 8 from
7 isolated 11 with
8 from 10 cases
9 als 10 cases
11 with 15 dismutase
11 with 20 mutation
12 a 15 dismutase
13 cu/zn 15 dismutase
14 superoxide 15 dismutase
15 dismutase 17 sod1
16 ( 17 sod1
17 sod1 18 )
19 i113t 20 mutation
21 recapitulate 24 defects
22 these 24 defects
23 mitochondrial 24 defects

using a novel technique , which measures mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic flux simultaneously in living cells , we have shown that sod1 mutation causes a reduction in mitochondrial respiration and an increase in glycolytic flux . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 using 4 technique
1 using 17 ,
1 using 18 we
2 a 4 technique
3 novel 4 technique
4 technique 6 which
5 , 6 which
6 which 7 measures
6 which 17 ,
7 measures 10 and
7 measures 13 simultaneously
7 measures 14 in
8 mitochondrial 9 respiration
9 respiration 10 and
10 and 12 flux
11 glycolytic 12 flux
14 in 16 cells
15 living 16 cells
18 we 19 have
19 have 20 shown
20 shown 21 that
21 that 23 mutation
21 that 24 causes
22 sod1 23 mutation
23 mutation 24 causes
24 causes 26 reduction
24 causes 27 in
24 causes 33 in
25 a 26 reduction
27 in 30 and
28 mitochondrial 29 respiration
29 respiration 30 and
30 and 32 increase
31 an 32 increase
33 in 35 flux
34 glycolytic 35 flux

this causes a reduction in adenosine triphosphate produced by oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in adenosine triphosphate produced by glycolysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 causes
2 causes 4 reduction
2 causes 5 in
3 a 4 reduction
5 in 7 triphosphate
6 adenosine 7 triphosphate
7 triphosphate 8 produced
7 triphosphate 18 produced
8 produced 9 by
8 produced 15 in
8 produced 17 triphosphate
9 by 12 and
10 oxidative 11 phosphorylation
11 phosphorylation 12 and
12 and 14 increase
13 an 14 increase
15 in 16 adenosine
18 produced 19 by
19 by 20 glycolysis

switching the energy source from glucose to galactose caused uncoupling of mitochondria with increased proton leak [in] sod1 ( i113t ) fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 switching
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 switching 4 source
1 switching 5 from
1 switching 7 to
1 switching 9 caused
2 the 4 source
3 energy 4 source
5 from 6 glucose
7 to 8 galactose
9 caused 10 uncoupling
9 caused 13 with
10 uncoupling 11 of
11 of 12 mitochondria
13 with 22 fibroblasts
14 increased 15 proton
15 proton 22 fibroblasts
16 leak 22 fibroblasts
18 sod1 20 i113t
18 sod1 22 fibroblasts
19 ( 20 i113t
20 i113t 21 )

assessment of the contribution of fatty acid oxidation to total respiration , suggested that fatty acid oxidation is reduced in sod1 als fibroblasts , an effect which can be mimicked by starving the control cells of glucose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 reduced
1 assessment 2 of
1 assessment 9 to
1 assessment 10 total
1 assessment 18 is
2 of 4 contribution
3 the 4 contribution
4 contribution 5 of
5 of 8 oxidation
6 fatty 8 oxidation
7 acid 8 oxidation
9 to 10 total
10 total 11 respiration
12 , 13 suggested
13 suggested 17 oxidation
13 suggested 18 is
14 that 15 fatty
15 fatty 16 acid
16 acid 17 oxidation
18 is 19 reduced
19 reduced 20 in
20 in 23 fibroblasts
21 sod1 22 als
22 als 23 fibroblasts
23 fibroblasts 26 effect
24 , 26 effect
25 an 26 effect
26 effect 27 which
26 effect 28 can
26 effect 38 .
27 which 28 can
28 can 29 be
29 be 30 mimicked
30 mimicked 31 by
31 by 32 starving
32 starving 35 cells
33 the 35 cells
34 control 35 cells
35 cells 36 of
36 of 37 glucose

these results highlight the importance of understanding the interplay between the major metabolic pathways , which has the potential to lead to strategies to correct the metabolic dysregulation observed in als cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 highlight
3 highlight 5 importance
3 highlight 10 between
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 7 understanding
7 understanding 9 interplay
8 the 9 interplay
10 between 14 pathways
11 the 14 pathways
12 major 14 pathways
13 metabolic 14 pathways
15 , 16 which
15 , 17 has
16 which 17 has
17 has 19 potential
17 has 25 correct
18 the 19 potential
19 potential 20 to
19 potential 24 to
20 to 21 lead
21 lead 22 to
21 lead 24 to
22 to 23 strategies
25 correct 28 dysregulation
25 correct 30 in
26 the 28 dysregulation
27 metabolic 28 dysregulation
28 dysregulation 29 observed
30 in 32 cases
31 als 32 cases

previous studies have suggested a link between sleep disordered breathing ( sdb ) and dementia risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 suggested
4 suggested 14 and
5 a 6 link
6 link 7 between
6 link 14 and
7 between 8 sleep
8 sleep 9 disordered
8 sleep 10 breathing
8 sleep 12 sdb
11 ( 12 sdb
12 sdb 13 )
14 and 16 risk
15 dementia 16 risk

in the present study , we analyzed the relationship between sdb severity , cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) alzheimer 's disease - biomarkers , and the apoe alleles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 25 and
8 the 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 between
9 relationship 25 and
10 between 12 severity
11 sdb 12 severity
12 severity 21 disease
13 , 21 disease
14 cerebrospinal 19 alzheimer
15 fluid 17 csf
15 fluid 19 alzheimer
16 ( 17 csf
17 csf 18 )
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
21 disease 23 biomarkers
21 disease 24 ,
22 - 23 biomarkers
23 biomarkers 24 ,
25 and 28 alleles
26 the 28 alleles
27 apoe 28 alleles

a total of 95 cognitively normal elderly participants were analyzed for sdb severity , csf measures of phosphorylated [-] tau ( p - tau ) , total - tau ( t - tau ) , and amyloid beta 42 ( aβ - 42 ) , as well as apoe allele status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 9 were
3 of 8 participants
4 95 8 participants
5 cognitively 6 normal
6 normal 8 participants
7 elderly 8 participants
9 were 10 analyzed
10 analyzed 11 for
11 for 13 severity
12 sdb 13 severity
14 , 36 and
15 csf 16 measures
16 measures 17 of
16 measures 36 and
17 of 20 tau
18 phosphorylated 20 tau
20 tau 23 -
20 tau 29 tau
21 ( 23 -
22 p 23 -
23 - 24 tau
23 - 25 )
26 , 29 tau
27 total 28 -
27 total 29 tau
29 tau 32 -
29 tau 34 )
30 ( 32 -
31 t 32 -
32 - 33 tau
32 - 34 )
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 beta
36 and 41 aβ
36 and 46 as
37 amyloid 38 beta
38 beta 39 42
40 ( 41 aβ
41 aβ 43 42
41 aβ 45 ,
42 - 43 42
43 42 44 )
45 , 46 as
46 as 47 well
46 as 52 .
47 well 48 as
48 as 51 status
49 apoe 51 status
50 allele 51 status

in apoe3+ subjects , significant differences were found between sleep groups for [p] - tau [(] f [ df2 ] = 4.3 , p = 0.017 ) , and [t] - tau [(] f [ df2 ] = 3.3 , p = 0.043 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 3 subjects
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 differences
2 apoe3+ 3 subjects
5 significant 6 differences
6 differences 7 were
7 were 8 found
8 found 9 between
8 found 12 for
9 between 11 groups
10 sleep 11 groups
12 for 14 -
14 - 15 tau
15 tau 17 f
15 tau 19 df2
15 tau 21 =
18 [ 19 df2
19 df2 20 ]
21 = 22 4.3
22 4.3 25 =
23 , 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.017
25 = 27 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 -
29 and 38 =
31 - 32 tau
32 tau 34 f
32 tau 36 df2
32 tau 38 =
35 [ 36 df2
36 df2 37 ]
38 = 39 3.3
39 3.3 42 =
40 , 42 =
41 p 42 =
42 = 43 0.043
42 = 44 )

additionally , among apoe3+ subjects , the apnea [and/or] hypopnea with 4 % o2 - desaturation [index] [was] positively correlated with [p] [-] tau ( r = 0.30 , p = 0.023 ) , t - tau ( r = 0.31 , p = 0.021 ) , and aβ - 42 ( r = 0.31 , p = 0.021 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 apnea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 hypopnea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 8 apnea
3 among 5 subjects
3 among 6 ,
3 among 8 apnea
4 apoe3+ 5 subjects
7 the 8 apnea
8 apnea 10 hypopnea
10 hypopnea 11 with
11 with 12 4
11 with 14 o2
13 % 14 o2
15 - 48 and
16 desaturation 20 correlated
16 desaturation 21 with
16 desaturation 48 and
19 positively 20 correlated
21 with 24 tau
24 tau 27 =
24 tau 31 =
24 tau 36 -
25 ( 27 =
26 r 27 =
27 = 28 0.30
29 , 31 =
30 p 31 =
31 = 32 0.023
31 = 33 )
34 , 36 -
35 t 36 -
36 - 37 tau
36 - 46 )
37 tau 40 =
38 ( 40 =
39 r 40 =
40 = 41 0.31
41 0.31 44 =
42 , 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 45 0.021
44 = 46 )
47 , 48 and
48 and 49 aβ
48 and 60 )
49 aβ 51 42
50 - 51 42
51 42 54 =
51 42 58 =
51 42 60 )
52 ( 54 =
53 r 54 =
54 = 55 0.31
54 = 56 ,
57 p 58 =
58 = 59 0.021

in apoe2+ subjects , the apnea [and/or] hypopnea with 4 % o2 - desaturation index was correlated with lower levels of csf aβ - 42 ( r = - 0.71 , p = 0.004 ) , similarly to apoe4+ subjects where there was also a trend toward lower csf aβ - 42 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 3 subjects
2 apoe2+ 3 subjects
4 , 6 apnea
4 , 8 hypopnea
5 the 6 apnea
6 apnea 8 hypopnea
8 hypopnea 9 with
9 with 12 o2
10 4 12 o2
11 % 12 o2
12 o2 24 -
13 - 24 -
14 desaturation 15 index
14 desaturation 16 was
14 desaturation 17 correlated
14 desaturation 18 with
14 desaturation 24 -
15 index 16 was
18 with 20 levels
19 lower 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 23 aβ
22 csf 23 aβ
24 - 25 42
25 42 28 =
26 ( 28 =
27 r 28 =
28 = 30 0.71
29 - 30 0.71
30 0.71 33 =
30 0.71 38 to
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.004
33 = 35 )
36 , 38 to
37 similarly 38 to
38 to 39 apoe4+
39 apoe4+ 40 subjects
39 apoe4+ 41 where
39 apoe4+ 47 toward
41 where 42 there
41 where 43 was
42 there 43 was
43 was 44 also
43 was 46 trend
45 a 46 trend
47 toward 50 aβ
48 lower 50 aβ
49 csf 50 aβ
50 aβ 53 levels
51 - 53 levels
52 42 53 levels
53 levels 54 .

our observations suggest that there is an association between sdb and csf alzheimer 's disease - biomarkers in cognitively normal elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 observations
2 observations 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 there
4 that 6 is
6 is 8 association
6 is 17 biomarkers
7 an 8 association
8 association 9 between
9 between 11 and
10 sdb 11 and
11 and 15 disease
11 and 16 -
12 csf 13 alzheimer
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
17 biomarkers 18 in
18 in 22 individuals
19 cognitively 20 normal
20 normal 22 individuals
21 elderly 22 individuals

existing therapies for sdb such as continuous positive airway pressure could delay the onset to mild cognitive impairment or dementia in normal elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 delay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 existing 2 therapies
2 therapies 3 for
2 therapies 6 as
2 therapies 11 could
3 for 4 sdb
5 such 6 as
6 as 10 pressure
7 continuous 10 pressure
8 positive 10 pressure
9 airway 10 pressure
11 could 12 delay
12 delay 14 onset
12 delay 15 to
12 delay 21 in
13 the 14 onset
15 to 19 or
16 mild 18 impairment
17 cognitive 18 impairment
18 impairment 19 or
19 or 20 dementia
21 in 24 individuals
22 normal 24 individuals
23 elderly 24 individuals

the h63d variant of the hemochromatosis ( hfe ) [gene] , when expressed in carriers of the apolipoprotein e4 allele , is implicated as a risk factor for earlier onset [of] alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 3 variant
2 h63d 3 variant
3 variant 4 of
3 variant 8 hfe
3 variant 22 is
4 of 6 hemochromatosis
5 the 6 hemochromatosis
7 ( 8 hfe
8 hfe 9 )
11 , 12 when
12 when 13 expressed
12 when 21 ,
12 when 22 is
13 expressed 14 in
14 in 15 carriers
15 carriers 16 of
16 of 20 allele
17 the 20 allele
18 apolipoprotein 20 allele
19 e4 20 allele
22 is 23 implicated
23 implicated 24 as
23 implicated 28 for
24 as 27 factor
25 a 27 factor
26 risk 27 factor
28 for 34 disease
29 earlier 30 onset
30 onset 32 alzheimer
32 alzheimer 33 's
33 's 34 disease
34 disease 36 ad
35 ( 36 ad
36 ad 37 )

we tested the hypothesis that like expression of apolipoprotein e4 , expression of h63d - hfe disrupts cholesterol metabolism contributing to an increase in neurodegeneration and memory deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 4 hypothesis
3 the 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 that
5 that 16 hfe
5 that 17 disrupts
6 like 7 expression
6 like 16 hfe
7 expression 8 of
8 of 10 e4
9 apolipoprotein 10 e4
10 e4 12 expression
11 , 12 expression
12 expression 13 of
12 expression 15 -
13 of 14 h63d
16 hfe 17 disrupts
17 disrupts 19 metabolism
17 disrupts 21 to
17 disrupts 24 in
18 cholesterol 19 metabolism
19 metabolism 20 contributing
21 to 23 increase
22 an 23 increase
24 in 26 and
25 neurodegeneration 26 and
26 and 28 deficits
27 memory 28 deficits

analysis of sh - sy5y human neuroblastoma cells transfected to stably express either wild type - ( wt ) or h63d - hfe indicated about a 50 % reduction in cholesterol content in cells expressing h63d - hfe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 analysis 2 of
1 analysis 20 or
2 of 3 sh
3 sh 7 neuroblastoma
3 sh 18 wt
4 - 7 neuroblastoma
5 sy5y 7 neuroblastoma
6 human 7 neuroblastoma
7 neuroblastoma 8 cells
7 neuroblastoma 9 transfected
7 neuroblastoma 16 -
8 cells 9 transfected
9 transfected 10 to
10 to 12 express
11 stably 12 express
12 express 15 type
13 either 15 type
14 wild 15 type
17 ( 18 wt
18 wt 19 )
20 or 21 h63d
22 - 23 hfe
23 hfe 24 indicated
23 hfe 32 content
24 indicated 25 about
24 indicated 30 in
25 about 29 reduction
26 a 29 reduction
27 50 28 %
28 % 29 reduction
30 in 31 cholesterol
32 content 33 in
33 in 34 cells
34 cells 35 expressing
35 expressing 38 hfe
36 h63d 38 hfe
37 - 38 hfe
38 hfe 39 .

this was accompanied by a significant decrease in expression of 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methyl - glutaryl - coa reductase , and a significant increase in expression of cholesterol 24 - hydroxylase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 accompanied
3 accompanied 4 by
3 accompanied 8 in
3 accompanied 28 in
4 by 7 decrease
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 decrease
6 significant 7 decrease
8 in 24 and
9 expression 10 of
9 expression 24 and
10 of 11 3
11 3 19 glutaryl
12 - 19 glutaryl
13 hydroxy 16 -
13 hydroxy 19 glutaryl
14 - 16 -
15 3 16 -
16 - 17 methyl
16 - 18 -
19 glutaryl 22 reductase
19 glutaryl 23 ,
20 - 22 reductase
21 coa 22 reductase
22 reductase 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 increase
25 a 27 increase
26 significant 27 increase
28 in 29 expression
29 expression 30 of
30 of 31 cholesterol
31 cholesterol 32 24
32 24 33 -
33 - 34 hydroxylase

consistent with these studies , h67d - hfe ( orthologous to human h63d - hfe ) knock - in mice , showed a greater age dependent decline in brain cholesterol than wt - hfe animals and changes in expression of proteins regulating cholesterol metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 knock
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 16 )
1 consistent 17 knock
2 with 4 studies
2 with 8 hfe
3 these 4 studies
4 studies 6 h67d
5 , 6 h67d
6 h67d 7 -
8 hfe 10 orthologous
9 ( 10 orthologous
10 orthologous 11 to
10 orthologous 16 )
11 to 15 hfe
12 human 15 hfe
13 h63d 15 hfe
14 - 15 hfe
17 knock 19 in
18 - 19 in
19 in 20 mice
19 in 21 ,
21 , 36 and
22 showed 27 decline
22 showed 28 in
22 showed 30 cholesterol
22 showed 31 than
22 showed 36 and
23 a 27 decline
24 greater 25 age
25 age 27 decline
26 dependent 27 decline
28 in 29 brain
31 than 35 animals
32 wt 34 hfe
33 - 34 hfe
34 hfe 35 animals
36 and 37 changes
37 changes 38 in
38 in 39 expression
39 expression 40 of
39 expression 42 regulating
40 of 41 proteins
42 regulating 44 metabolism
43 cholesterol 44 metabolism

brains of aged h67d - hfe mice also exhibited a significant decrease in expression of synapse proteins and a significant increase in caspase - 3 expression relative to wt - hfe controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 synapse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 controls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 brains 2 of
1 brains 7 mice
1 brains 15 of
1 brains 16 synapse
2 of 6 hfe
3 aged 6 hfe
4 h67d 6 hfe
5 - 6 hfe
7 mice 9 exhibited
8 also 9 exhibited
9 exhibited 12 decrease
9 exhibited 13 in
10 a 11 significant
10 a 12 decrease
11 significant 12 decrease
13 in 14 expression
14 expression 15 of
16 synapse 18 and
16 synapse 22 in
17 proteins 18 and
18 and 21 increase
19 a 20 significant
19 a 21 increase
20 significant 21 increase
22 in 23 caspase
24 - 25 3
25 3 26 expression
25 3 32 controls
26 expression 27 relative
26 expression 32 controls
27 relative 28 to
28 to 31 hfe
29 wt 31 hfe
30 - 31 hfe

h67d - hfe mice also had a greater reduction in brain volume and poorer recognition and spatial memory than wt - hfe mice , symptoms associated with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
1 h67d 3 hfe
2 - 3 hfe
3 hfe 4 mice
4 mice 6 had
5 also 6 had
6 had 16 and
6 had 19 than
7 a 9 reduction
8 greater 9 reduction
9 reduction 10 in
9 reduction 13 and
10 in 12 volume
11 brain 12 volume
13 and 15 recognition
13 and 16 and
14 poorer 15 recognition
16 and 18 memory
17 spatial 18 memory
19 than 23 mice
20 wt 22 hfe
21 - 22 hfe
22 hfe 23 mice
23 mice 25 symptoms
24 , 25 symptoms
25 symptoms 26 associated
25 symptoms 29 .
26 associated 27 with
27 with 28 ad

these results indicate that the alterations in cholesterol metabolism associated with expression of h63d - hfe may contribute to the development of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 alterations
4 that 18 contribute
5 the 6 alterations
6 alterations 7 in
6 alterations 10 associated
6 alterations 17 may
7 in 9 metabolism
8 cholesterol 9 metabolism
10 associated 11 with
11 with 12 expression
12 expression 13 of
13 of 16 hfe
14 h63d 16 hfe
15 - 16 hfe
17 may 18 contribute
18 contribute 19 to
19 to 21 development
20 the 21 development
21 development 22 of
22 of 23 ad

dna damage checkpoints are important [tumor] - suppressor mechanisms that halt cell cycle progression to allow time for dna repair , or induce senescence and apoptosis to remove damaged cells permanently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 checkpoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 dna 3 checkpoints
2 damage 3 checkpoints
3 checkpoints 4 are
4 are 5 important
7 - 9 mechanisms
7 - 22 or
7 - 25 and
7 - 32 .
8 suppressor 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 that
9 mechanisms 11 halt
9 mechanisms 22 or
10 that 11 halt
11 halt 14 progression
11 halt 15 to
12 cell 14 progression
13 cycle 14 progression
15 to 16 allow
16 allow 17 time
16 allow 18 for
18 for 19 dna
20 repair 22 or
21 , 22 or
22 or 23 induce
22 or 24 senescence
25 and 26 apoptosis
25 and 29 damaged
26 apoptosis 27 to
26 apoptosis 28 remove
26 apoptosis 29 damaged
27 to 28 remove
29 damaged 30 cells
29 damaged 31 permanently

[non] - cell - autonomous dna damage responses activate the innate immune system in multiple metazoan species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
2 - 3 cell
4 - 8 responses
4 - 9 activate
4 - 18 .
5 autonomous 8 responses
6 dna 8 responses
7 damage 8 responses
8 responses 9 activate
9 activate 13 system
9 activate 14 in
10 the 13 system
11 innate 13 system
12 immune 13 system
14 in 17 species
15 multiple 17 species
16 metazoan 17 species

these responses [not] only enable clearance of damaged cells and contribute to tissue remodeling and regeneration but can also result in chronic inflammation and tissue damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 responses
2 responses 10 and
4 only 5 enable
5 enable 6 clearance
5 enable 10 and
6 clearance 7 of
7 of 9 cells
8 damaged 9 cells
10 and 17 but
10 and 26 damage
11 contribute 12 to
11 contribute 17 but
12 to 15 and
13 tissue 14 remodeling
14 remodeling 15 and
15 and 16 regeneration
17 but 18 can
18 can 20 result
19 also 20 result
20 result 21 in
21 in 24 and
22 chronic 23 inflammation
23 inflammation 24 and
24 and 25 tissue

germline dna damage - induced systemic stress resistance ( gdisr ) is mediated by an ancestral innate immune response and results in organismal adjustments to the presence of damaged cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 germline 2 dna
2 dna 3 damage
3 damage 8 resistance
3 damage 12 is
4 - 8 resistance
5 induced 7 stress
6 systemic 7 stress
7 stress 8 resistance
8 resistance 10 gdisr
8 resistance 11 )
9 ( 10 gdisr
10 gdisr 11 )
12 is 13 mediated
13 mediated 14 by
14 by 20 and
15 an 19 response
16 ancestral 19 response
17 innate 19 response
18 immune 19 response
19 response 20 and
20 and 21 results
20 and 22 in
20 and 25 to
22 in 24 adjustments
23 organismal 24 adjustments
25 to 27 presence
26 the 27 presence
27 presence 28 of
28 of 30 cells
29 damaged 30 cells

we discuss gdisr as an organismal dna damage checkpoint mechanism through which elevated somatic endurance can extend reproductive lifespan when germ cells require extended time for restoring genome stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 3 gdisr
3 gdisr 4 as
3 gdisr 11 through
4 as 10 mechanism
5 an 6 organismal
5 an 10 mechanism
6 organismal 10 mechanism
7 dna 8 damage
8 damage 10 mechanism
9 checkpoint 10 mechanism
11 through 12 which
11 through 15 endurance
11 through 17 extend
13 elevated 15 endurance
14 somatic 15 endurance
15 endurance 16 can
16 can 17 extend
17 extend 19 lifespan
18 reproductive 19 lifespan
19 lifespan 20 when
19 lifespan 26 for
20 when 22 cells
20 when 23 require
21 germ 22 cells
22 cells 23 require
23 require 25 time
24 extended 25 time
26 for 27 restoring
27 restoring 29 stability
28 genome 29 stability

genome - wide association studies have revealed numerous risk loci associated with diverse diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 genome 2 -
1 genome 5 studies
3 wide 4 association
4 association 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 revealed
7 revealed 10 loci
8 numerous 10 loci
9 risk 10 loci
10 loci 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 diseases
13 diverse 14 diseases

however , identification of disease [-] causing variants within association loci remains a major challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 identification
3 identification 4 of
3 identification 12 remains
4 of 5 disease
5 disease 7 causing
7 causing 8 variants
7 causing 9 within
9 within 11 loci
10 association 11 loci
12 remains 15 challenge
13 a 14 major
13 a 15 challenge
14 major 15 challenge

divergence in gene expression due to cis - regulatory variants in noncoding regions is central to disease susceptibility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 divergence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 divergence 2 in
1 divergence 14 is
2 in 4 expression
3 gene 4 expression
4 expression 6 to
5 due 6 to
6 to 10 variants
7 cis 8 -
7 cis 10 variants
9 regulatory 10 variants
10 variants 11 in
11 in 13 regions
12 noncoding 13 regions
14 is 15 central
15 central 16 to
16 to 18 susceptibility
17 disease 18 susceptibility

we show that integrative computational analysis of phylogenetic conservation with a complexity assessment of co - occurring transcription factor binding sites ( tfbs ) can identify cis - regulatory variants and elucidate their mechanistic role in disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 6 analysis
2 show 31 and
3 that 6 analysis
4 integrative 6 analysis
5 computational 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
6 analysis 21 sites
6 analysis 25 can
7 of 9 conservation
8 phylogenetic 9 conservation
9 conservation 10 with
10 with 13 assessment
11 a 13 assessment
12 complexity 13 assessment
13 assessment 14 of
14 of 15 co
16 - 21 sites
17 occurring 18 transcription
18 transcription 20 binding
19 factor 20 binding
20 binding 21 sites
21 sites 23 tfbs
21 sites 24 )
22 ( 23 tfbs
23 tfbs 24 )
25 can 31 and
26 identify 30 variants
26 identify 31 and
27 cis 28 -
27 cis 30 variants
29 regulatory 30 variants
31 and 32 elucidate
32 elucidate 35 role
33 their 35 role
34 mechanistic 35 role
35 role 36 in
36 in 37 disease

analysis of established type 2 diabetes risk loci revealed a striking clustering of distinct homeobox tfbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 analysis 2 of
1 analysis 9 revealed
2 of 8 loci
3 established 4 type
4 type 8 loci
5 2 8 loci
6 diabetes 8 loci
7 risk 8 loci
9 revealed 12 clustering
10 a 11 striking
10 a 12 clustering
11 striking 12 clustering
12 clustering 13 of
13 of 16 tfbs
14 distinct 15 homeobox
15 homeobox 16 tfbs

we identified the prrx1 homeobox factor as a repressor of pparg2 expression in adipose cells and demonstrate its adverse effect on lipid metabolism and systemic insulin sensitivity , dependent on the rs4684847 risk allele that triggers prrx1 binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 we 16 and
2 identified 6 factor
2 identified 16 and
3 the 6 factor
4 prrx1 5 homeobox
5 homeobox 6 factor
6 factor 7 as
7 as 9 repressor
8 a 9 repressor
9 repressor 10 of
10 of 12 expression
11 pparg2 12 expression
12 expression 13 in
13 in 15 cells
14 adipose 15 cells
16 and 17 demonstrate
17 demonstrate 20 effect
17 demonstrate 21 on
18 its 20 effect
19 adverse 20 effect
21 on 24 and
22 lipid 23 metabolism
23 metabolism 24 and
24 and 27 sensitivity
24 and 29 dependent
25 systemic 26 insulin
26 insulin 27 sensitivity
28 , 29 dependent
29 dependent 30 on
29 dependent 39 .
30 on 34 allele
31 the 34 allele
32 rs4684847 34 allele
33 risk 34 allele
34 allele 35 that
34 allele 36 triggers
35 that 36 triggers
36 triggers 37 prrx1
37 prrx1 38 binding

thus , cross - species conservation analysis at the level of co - occurring tfbs provides a valuable contribution to the translation of genetic association signals to disease - related molecular mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 cross
4 - 7 analysis
4 - 16 provides
4 - 30 related
4 - 33 .
5 species 7 analysis
6 conservation 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 at
7 analysis 11 of
7 analysis 16 provides
8 at 10 level
9 the 10 level
11 of 15 tfbs
12 co 13 -
12 co 15 tfbs
14 occurring 15 tfbs
16 provides 19 contribution
16 provides 20 to
16 provides 27 to
17 a 18 valuable
17 a 19 contribution
18 valuable 19 contribution
20 to 22 translation
21 the 22 translation
22 translation 23 of
23 of 26 signals
24 genetic 25 association
25 association 26 signals
27 to 28 disease
29 - 30 related
30 related 32 mechanisms
31 molecular 32 mechanisms

background : although epidemiologic studies have shown associations between sedentary behavior and mortality , few have focused on older women with adequate minority representation and few have controlled for both physical activity and functional status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 15 few
2 : 17 focused
2 : 25 and
3 although 5 studies
3 although 7 shown
3 although 15 few
4 epidemiologic 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 shown
7 shown 8 associations
9 between 12 and
9 between 14 ,
9 between 15 few
10 sedentary 11 behavior
11 behavior 12 and
12 and 13 mortality
15 few 16 have
16 have 17 focused
17 focused 18 on
17 focused 21 with
18 on 20 women
19 older 20 women
21 with 24 representation
22 adequate 23 minority
23 minority 24 representation
25 and 26 few
25 and 28 controlled
26 few 27 have
27 have 28 controlled
28 controlled 29 for
28 controlled 33 and
29 for 30 both
31 physical 32 activity
32 activity 33 and
33 and 35 status
34 functional 35 status

purpose : the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between sedentary time and total [;] cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) [;] coronary heart disease ( chd ) [;] and cancer mortality in a prospective , multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 objective
2 : 8 was
2 : 44 .
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 35 in
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 32 and
11 the 12 relationship
12 relationship 13 between
12 relationship 32 and
13 between 27 disease
14 sedentary 15 time
15 time 16 and
16 and 20 disease
16 and 22 cvd
16 and 27 disease
17 total 20 disease
19 cardiovascular 20 disease
21 ( 22 cvd
22 cvd 23 )
25 coronary 26 heart
26 heart 27 disease
27 disease 29 chd
28 ( 29 chd
29 chd 30 )
32 and 34 mortality
33 cancer 34 mortality
35 in 40 cohort
36 a 40 cohort
37 prospective 38 ,
37 prospective 40 cohort
39 multiethnic 40 cohort
40 cohort 41 of
41 of 43 women
42 postmenopausal 43 women

methods : the study population included 92,234 women aged 50 - 79 years at baseline ( 1993 - 1998 ) who participated in the women 's health initiative observational study through september 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 population
4 study 6 included
5 population 6 included
6 included 8 women
7 92,234 8 women
8 women 9 aged
8 women 13 years
9 aged 10 50
11 - 13 years
12 79 13 years
13 years 14 at
13 years 21 who
13 years 22 participated
13 years 34 .
14 at 15 baseline
15 baseline 18 -
16 ( 18 -
17 1993 18 -
18 - 19 1998
18 - 20 )
21 who 22 participated
22 participated 23 in
22 participated 31 through
23 in 30 study
24 the 25 women
25 women 26 's
26 's 30 study
27 health 28 initiative
28 initiative 29 observational
29 observational 30 study
31 through 32 september
32 september 33 2010

self - reported sedentary time was assessed [by] [questionnaire] and examined in 4 categories ( ≤4 , >4 - 8 , ≥8 - 11 , >11 hours ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 self 6 was
2 - 3 reported
3 reported 5 time
3 reported 6 was
4 sedentary 5 time
6 was 10 and
7 assessed 10 and
10 and 11 examined
11 examined 12 in
11 examined 14 categories
11 examined 18 >4
12 in 13 4
14 categories 16 ≤4
14 categories 18 >4
15 ( 16 ≤4
16 ≤4 17 ,
18 >4 20 8
19 - 20 8
20 8 22 ≥8
20 8 27 hours
21 , 22 ≥8
22 ≥8 24 11
22 ≥8 25 ,
23 - 24 11
24 11 25 ,
25 , 27 hours
26 >11 27 hours
27 hours 28 )

mortality risks were examined using cox proportional hazard models adjusting for confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 mortality 2 risks
2 risks 3 were
3 were 4 examined
4 examined 5 using
5 using 9 models
5 using 11 for
6 cox 9 models
7 proportional 8 hazard
8 hazard 9 models
9 models 10 adjusting
11 for 12 confounders

models were also stratified by age , race/ethnicity , body mass index , physical activity , physical function , and chronic disease to examine possible effect modification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 stratified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 models 2 were
2 were 4 stratified
3 also 4 stratified
4 stratified 5 by
5 by 6 age
7 , 20 and
8 race/ethnicity 9 ,
9 , 12 index
9 , 13 ,
10 body 12 index
11 mass 12 index
13 , 15 activity
13 , 16 ,
14 physical 15 activity
16 , 18 function
16 , 20 and
17 physical 18 function
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 disease
20 and 23 to
20 and 24 examine
21 chronic 22 disease
23 to 24 examine
24 examine 27 modification
25 possible 26 effect
26 effect 27 modification

analyses were conducted in 2012 - 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 analyses 2 were
2 were 3 conducted
3 conducted 4 in
4 in 6 -
5 2012 6 -
6 - 7 2013

results : the mean follow - up period was 12 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 mean
2 : 5 follow
2 : 6 -
3 the 4 mean
4 mean 5 follow
6 - 8 period
6 - 9 was
6 - 12 .
7 up 8 period
8 period 9 was
9 was 11 years
10 12 11 years

compared with women who reported the least sedentary time , women reporting the highest sedentary time had increased risk of all - cause mortality in the multivariate model ( hr=1.12 , 95 % ci=1.05 , 1.21 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 9 time
1 compared 22 -
1 compared 23 cause
2 with 3 women
3 women 4 who
3 women 5 reported
4 who 5 reported
5 reported 7 least
6 the 7 least
8 sedentary 9 time
9 time 11 women
10 , 11 women
11 women 12 reporting
11 women 20 of
11 women 22 -
12 reporting 16 time
12 reporting 18 increased
13 the 14 highest
13 the 16 time
15 sedentary 16 time
16 time 17 had
17 had 18 increased
18 increased 19 risk
20 of 21 all
23 cause 24 mortality
23 cause 25 in
25 in 28 model
26 the 28 model
27 multivariate 28 model
28 model 30 hr=1.12
29 ( 30 hr=1.12
30 hr=1.12 34 ci=1.05
30 hr=1.12 37 )
31 , 34 ci=1.05
32 95 34 ci=1.05
33 % 34 ci=1.05
34 ci=1.05 36 1.21
34 ci=1.05 37 )
35 , 36 1.21
36 1.21 37 )

results comparing the highest [versus] lowest categories for cvd , chd , and cancer mortality were [as] follows : hr=1.13 , 95 % ci=0.99 , 1.29 ; hr=1.27 , 95 % ci=1.04 , 1.55 ; [and] hr=1.21 , 95 % ci=1.07 , 1.37 [,] [respectively] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 follows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 results 2 comparing
1 results 7 categories
1 results 16 were
1 results 18 follows
2 comparing 6 lowest
3 the 4 highest
3 the 6 lowest
7 categories 8 for
7 categories 16 were
8 for 13 and
9 cvd 10 ,
10 , 11 chd
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 mortality
14 cancer 15 mortality
19 : 20 hr=1.13
19 : 21 ,
19 : 35 ;
21 , 24 ci=0.99
21 , 25 ,
22 95 24 ci=0.99
23 % 24 ci=0.99
25 , 26 1.29
25 , 27 ;
27 ; 28 hr=1.27
27 ; 29 ,
29 , 32 ci=1.04
29 , 33 ,
30 95 32 ci=1.04
31 % 32 ci=1.04
33 , 34 1.55
35 ; 37 hr=1.21
35 ; 38 ,
38 , 41 ci=1.07
38 , 42 ,
39 95 41 ci=1.07
40 % 41 ci=1.07
42 , 43 1.37

for all mortality outcomes , there were significant linear tests [for] [trend] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 for 4 outcomes
1 for 5 ,
1 for 6 there
2 all 4 outcomes
3 mortality 4 outcomes
6 there 7 were
7 were 10 tests
8 significant 10 tests
9 linear 10 tests

conclusions : there was a linear relationship between greater amounts of sedentary time and mortality risk after controlling for multiple potential confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 relationship
5 a 6 linear
5 a 7 relationship
6 linear 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
7 relationship 11 of
8 between 10 amounts
9 greater 10 amounts
11 of 14 and
12 sedentary 13 time
13 time 14 and
14 and 16 risk
14 and 17 after
14 and 19 for
15 mortality 16 risk
17 after 18 controlling
19 for 22 confounders
20 multiple 22 confounders
21 potential 22 confounders

background : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is an indicator of general systemic aging , with shorter ltl being associated with several chronic diseases of aging and earlier mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 5 length
2 : 9 is
2 : 16 ,
3 leukocyte 5 length
4 telomere 5 length
5 length 7 ltl
5 length 9 is
6 ( 7 ltl
7 ltl 8 )
9 is 11 indicator
10 an 11 indicator
11 indicator 12 of
12 of 15 aging
13 general 15 aging
14 systemic 15 aging
16 , 20 being
16 , 21 associated
17 with 19 ltl
17 with 20 being
18 shorter 19 ltl
20 being 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 28 and
23 several 25 diseases
24 chronic 25 diseases
25 diseases 26 of
25 diseases 28 and
26 of 27 aging
28 and 30 mortality
29 earlier 30 mortality

identifying factors related to ltl among african americans may yield insights into mechanisms underlying racial disparities in health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 identifying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 yield
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 identifying 2 factors
1 identifying 6 among
1 identifying 9 may
2 factors 3 related
3 related 4 to
4 to 5 ltl
6 among 8 americans
7 african 8 americans
9 may 10 yield
10 yield 11 insights
10 yield 12 into
12 into 13 mechanisms
13 mechanisms 14 underlying
14 underlying 16 disparities
14 underlying 17 in
15 racial 16 disparities
17 in 18 health

purpose : to test whether the combination of more frequent reports of racial discrimination and holding a greater implicit anti - black racial bias is associated with shorter ltl among african [-] american men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
3 to 4 test
4 test 5 whether
5 whether 7 combination
5 whether 26 associated
6 the 7 combination
7 combination 8 of
7 combination 26 associated
8 of 11 reports
9 more 10 frequent
10 frequent 11 reports
11 reports 12 of
12 of 15 and
13 racial 14 discrimination
14 discrimination 15 and
15 and 16 holding
15 and 24 bias
15 and 25 is
17 a 24 bias
18 greater 24 bias
19 implicit 24 bias
20 anti 21 -
20 anti 24 bias
22 black 24 bias
23 racial 24 bias
24 bias 25 is
26 associated 27 with
26 associated 30 among
27 with 29 ltl
28 shorter 29 ltl
30 among 34 men
31 african 34 men
33 american 34 men

methods : cross - sectional study of a community sample of 92 [african] - american men aged between 30 and 50 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 cross
3 cross 6 study
4 - 6 study
5 sectional 6 study
6 study 7 of
6 study 11 of
6 study 14 -
7 of 10 sample
8 a 10 sample
9 community 10 sample
11 of 12 92
14 - 16 men
14 - 17 aged
15 american 16 men
16 men 17 aged
17 aged 22 years
18 between 20 and
19 30 20 and
20 and 21 50
20 and 22 years

participants were recruited from february to may 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 recruited
3 recruited 4 from
3 recruited 6 to
4 from 5 february
6 to 7 may
7 may 8 2010

ordinary least squares regressions were used to examine ltl in [kilobase] pairs in relation to racial discrimination and implicit racial bias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ordinary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 ordinary 2 least
1 ordinary 5 were
1 ordinary 7 to
3 squares 4 regressions
4 regressions 5 were
5 were 6 used
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 9 ltl
8 examine 10 in
8 examine 15 to
10 in 12 pairs
13 in 14 relation
14 relation 15 to
15 to 18 and
16 racial 17 discrimination
17 discrimination 18 and
18 and 21 bias
19 implicit 21 bias
20 racial 21 bias

data analysis was completed in july 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 data 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 completed
4 completed 5 in
5 in 6 july
6 july 7 2013

results : after controlling for chronologic age and socioeconomic and health - related characteristics , the interaction between racial discrimination and implicit racial bias was significantly associated with ltl ( b= - 0.10 , se=0.04 , p=0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 after
2 : 18 between
3 after 4 controlling
4 controlling 5 for
4 controlling 17 interaction
5 for 10 and
6 chronologic 7 age
7 age 8 and
8 and 9 socioeconomic
8 and 10 and
10 and 11 health
10 and 14 characteristics
12 - 14 characteristics
13 related 14 characteristics
14 characteristics 15 ,
16 the 17 interaction
18 between 21 and
19 racial 20 discrimination
20 discrimination 21 and
21 and 22 implicit
21 and 24 bias
21 and 25 was
21 and 27 associated
21 and 35 se=0.04
23 racial 24 bias
24 bias 25 was
26 significantly 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 29 ltl
28 with 33 0.10
29 ltl 31 b=
30 ( 31 b=
31 b= 32 -
34 , 35 se=0.04
35 se=0.04 37 p=0.02
35 se=0.04 38 )
36 , 37 p=0.02
37 p=0.02 38 )

those demonstrating a stronger implicit anti - black bias and reporting higher levels of racial discrimination had the shortest ltl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 those 2 demonstrating
1 those 10 and
2 demonstrating 9 bias
3 a 9 bias
4 stronger 9 bias
5 implicit 9 bias
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 9 bias
8 black 9 bias
10 and 13 levels
10 and 14 of
10 and 17 had
11 reporting 13 levels
12 higher 13 levels
14 of 16 discrimination
15 racial 16 discrimination
17 had 20 ltl
18 the 19 shortest
18 the 20 ltl

household income - [to] - poverty [threshold] [ratio] was also associated with ltl ( b=0.05 , se=0.02 , p<0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 income
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 household 2 income
3 - 5 -
3 - 11 associated
5 - 6 poverty
6 poverty 9 was
9 was 10 also
9 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 13 ltl
13 ltl 19 p<0.01
14 ( 19 p<0.01
15 b=0.05 17 se=0.02
15 b=0.05 18 ,
15 b=0.05 19 p<0.01
16 , 17 se=0.02
17 se=0.02 18 ,
19 p<0.01 20 )

conclusions : results suggest that multiple levels of racism , including interpersonal experiences of racial discrimination and the internalization of negative racial bias , operate jointly to accelerate biological aging among african [-] american men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 suggest
2 : 24 ,
2 : 36 .
3 results 4 suggest
4 suggest 7 levels
4 suggest 11 including
5 that 6 multiple
6 multiple 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
8 of 9 racism
10 , 11 including
11 including 13 experiences
11 including 24 ,
12 interpersonal 13 experiences
13 experiences 14 of
14 of 17 and
15 racial 16 discrimination
16 discrimination 17 and
17 and 19 internalization
17 and 20 of
18 the 19 internalization
20 of 23 bias
21 negative 23 bias
22 racial 23 bias
24 , 25 operate
25 operate 27 to
25 operate 31 among
26 jointly 27 to
27 to 28 accelerate
28 accelerate 30 aging
29 biological 30 aging
31 among 35 men
32 african 35 men
34 american 35 men

societal efforts to address racial discrimination in concert with efforts to promote positive [in] - group racial attitudes may protect against premature biological aging in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 protect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 societal 2 efforts
2 efforts 3 to
2 efforts 4 address
2 efforts 19 may
3 to 4 address
4 address 6 discrimination
4 address 9 with
5 racial 6 discrimination
6 discrimination 8 concert
7 in 8 concert
9 with 10 efforts
10 efforts 11 to
10 efforts 12 promote
11 to 12 promote
12 promote 18 attitudes
13 positive 15 -
13 positive 16 group
16 group 18 attitudes
17 racial 18 attitudes
19 may 20 protect
20 protect 21 against
20 protect 25 in
20 protect 27 population
21 against 24 aging
22 premature 24 aging
23 biological 24 aging
25 in 26 this

none background : although cerebral small - vessel disease has been implicated in the development of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , the cerebral microcirculation is difficult to visualize directly in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 3 :
1 none 18 's
2 background 3 :
3 : 4 although
4 although 9 disease
4 although 12 implicated
5 cerebral 8 vessel
6 small 7 -
6 small 8 vessel
8 vessel 9 disease
9 disease 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 implicated
12 implicated 13 in
13 in 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 17 alzheimer
18 's 19 disease
19 disease 21 ad
20 ( 21 ad
21 ad 22 )
23 , 26 microcirculation
23 , 27 is
24 the 26 microcirculation
25 cerebral 26 microcirculation
26 microcirculation 27 is
27 is 28 difficult
28 difficult 29 to
28 difficult 30 visualize
29 to 30 visualize
30 visualize 31 directly
30 visualize 33 vivo
32 in 33 vivo

because the retina provides a noninvasive window to assess the microcirculation , we determined whether quantitatively measured retinal microvascular parameters are associated with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 because 3 retina
1 because 4 provides
1 because 13 we
2 the 3 retina
3 retina 4 provides
4 provides 7 window
5 a 6 noninvasive
5 a 7 window
6 noninvasive 7 window
8 to 9 assess
8 to 12 ,
8 to 13 we
9 assess 11 microcirculation
10 the 11 microcirculation
13 we 14 determined
14 determined 20 parameters
14 determined 22 associated
15 whether 16 quantitatively
15 whether 20 parameters
17 measured 20 parameters
18 retinal 20 parameters
19 microvascular 20 parameters
20 parameters 21 are
21 are 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 24 ad

methods : we conducted a case - control study ( case:control matching ≈ 1:2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 16 .
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 6 case
5 a 6 case
6 case 9 study
7 - 9 study
8 control 9 study
9 study 11 case:control
9 study 15 )
10 ( 11 case:control
11 case:control 12 matching
11 case:control 15 )
12 matching 13 ≈
13 ≈ 14 1:2

retinal photographs were analyzed using a computer program , and a spectrum of quantitative retinal microvascular parameters ( caliber , fractal dimension , tortuosity , and bifurcation ) were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 photographs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 retinal 2 photographs
2 photographs 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 using
5 using 8 program
6 a 8 program
7 computer 8 program
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 spectrum
10 and 29 were
11 a 12 spectrum
12 spectrum 13 of
12 spectrum 29 were
13 of 17 parameters
14 quantitative 17 parameters
15 retinal 17 parameters
16 microvascular 17 parameters
17 parameters 26 and
18 ( 26 and
19 caliber 20 ,
20 , 22 dimension
20 , 23 ,
21 fractal 22 dimension
23 , 24 tortuosity
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 bifurcation
26 and 28 )
29 were 30 measured

logistic regression models [were] used to compute the odds ratio ( or ) and 95 % confidence interval for ad adjusting for age , gender , ethnicity , smoking , hypertension , diabetes , hypercholesterolemia , and history of myocardial infarction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 logistic 3 models
2 regression 3 models
3 models 5 used
3 models 14 and
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 compute
6 to 7 compute
7 compute 10 ratio
8 the 10 ratio
9 odds 10 ratio
10 ratio 12 or
11 ( 12 or
12 or 13 )
14 and 18 interval
14 and 19 for
14 and 21 adjusting
14 and 24 ,
15 95 16 %
16 % 18 interval
17 confidence 18 interval
19 for 20 ad
21 adjusting 22 for
22 for 23 age
24 , 25 gender
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 ethnicity
26 , 28 ,
28 , 29 smoking
28 , 30 ,
30 , 31 hypertension
30 , 32 ,
32 , 33 diabetes
32 , 34 ,
34 , 35 hypercholesterolemia
34 , 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 history
38 history 39 of
39 of 41 infarction
40 myocardial 41 infarction

results : we included 136 demented patients with ad and 290 age - gender - race - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 included
2 : 13 -
3 we 4 included
4 included 7 patients
4 included 8 with
5 136 7 patients
6 demented 7 patients
8 with 10 and
9 ad 10 and
10 and 12 age
11 290 12 age
13 - 14 gender
13 - 18 matched
14 gender 16 race
14 gender 18 matched
15 - 16 race
16 race 17 -
18 matched 19 controls

these associations still persisted when only ad cases without a history of cerebrovascular disease were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 persisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 associations
2 associations 4 persisted
3 still 4 persisted
4 persisted 5 when
5 when 6 only
5 when 16 included
6 only 8 cases
7 ad 8 cases
8 cases 9 without
8 cases 15 were
9 without 11 history
10 a 11 history
11 history 12 of
12 of 14 disease
13 cerebrovascular 14 disease
15 were 16 included

conclusions : patients with ad have altered microvascular [network] in the retina ( narrower retinal venules and [a] sparser and more tortuous retinal vessels ) compared with matched nondemented controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 7 altered
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 6 have
4 with 5 ad
6 have 7 altered
7 altered 8 microvascular
8 microvascular 10 in
10 in 12 retina
11 the 12 retina
12 retina 17 and
13 ( 17 and
14 narrower 16 venules
15 retinal 16 venules
16 venules 17 and
17 and 24 vessels
17 and 25 )
17 and 26 compared
17 and 31 .
19 sparser 20 and
20 and 21 more
20 and 24 vessels
22 tortuous 24 vessels
23 retinal 24 vessels
26 compared 27 with
27 with 30 controls
28 matched 30 controls
29 nondemented 30 controls

these changes in retinal microvasculature may reflect similar pathophysiological processes in cerebral microvasculature in the brains of patients with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 in
2 changes 6 may
3 in 5 microvasculature
4 retinal 5 microvasculature
6 may 7 reflect
7 reflect 10 processes
7 reflect 11 in
7 reflect 14 in
7 reflect 19 with
8 similar 10 processes
9 pathophysiological 10 processes
11 in 13 microvasculature
12 cerebral 13 microvasculature
14 in 16 brains
15 the 16 brains
16 brains 17 of
17 of 18 patients
19 with 20 ad

background : white matter hyperintensity ( wmh ) , a common radiographic finding associated with stroke risk and outcome , has been linked to matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) activity and increased levels of oxidative stress in nonstroke populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 hyperintensity
2 : 31 and
2 : 40 .
3 white 4 matter
4 matter 5 hyperintensity
5 hyperintensity 7 wmh
5 hyperintensity 13 finding
5 hyperintensity 21 has
6 ( 7 wmh
7 wmh 8 )
9 , 13 finding
10 a 13 finding
11 common 13 finding
12 radiographic 13 finding
13 finding 14 associated
13 finding 15 with
13 finding 20 ,
15 with 18 and
16 stroke 17 risk
17 risk 18 and
18 and 19 outcome
21 has 22 been
22 been 31 and
23 linked 24 to
23 linked 30 activity
23 linked 31 and
24 to 26 metalloproteinase
25 matrix 26 metalloproteinase
26 metalloproteinase 28 mmp
27 ( 28 mmp
28 mmp 29 )
31 and 32 increased
32 increased 33 levels
32 increased 37 in
33 levels 34 of
34 of 36 stress
35 oxidative 36 stress
37 in 39 populations
38 nonstroke 39 populations

we sought to determine whether wmh severity is associated with plasma levels of mmps and oxidative stress ( f2 - isoprostane ) in subjects with acute ischemic stroke [(] ais ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 10 with
4 determine 23 in
4 determine 31 )
5 whether 7 severity
5 whether 9 associated
6 wmh 7 severity
7 severity 8 is
8 is 9 associated
10 with 12 levels
11 plasma 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
12 levels 21 isoprostane
13 of 15 and
14 mmps 15 and
15 and 17 stress
15 and 19 f2
16 oxidative 17 stress
18 ( 19 f2
19 f2 20 -
20 - 21 isoprostane
21 isoprostane 22 )
23 in 24 subjects
24 subjects 25 with
25 with 30 ais
26 acute 28 stroke
27 ischemic 28 stroke
28 stroke 30 ais

methods : we measured plasma biomarker levels at baseline and 48 hours in consecutive ais subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 measured
3 we 4 measured
4 measured 7 levels
4 measured 8 at
4 measured 13 in
5 plasma 6 biomarker
6 biomarker 7 levels
8 at 10 and
9 baseline 10 and
10 and 12 hours
11 48 12 hours
13 in 16 subjects
14 consecutive 16 subjects
15 ais 16 subjects

white matter hyperintensity volume ( wmhv ) was quantified on admission magnetic resonance imaging using a validated semiautomated protocol , and spearman correlation coefficients were derived for all measured biomarkers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 white
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 white 2 matter
2 matter 4 volume
2 matter 14 imaging
3 hyperintensity 4 volume
4 volume 6 wmhv
4 volume 8 was
5 ( 6 wmhv
6 wmhv 7 )
8 was 9 quantified
9 quantified 10 on
10 on 13 resonance
11 admission 13 resonance
12 magnetic 13 resonance
13 resonance 14 imaging
14 imaging 15 using
15 using 19 protocol
16 a 19 protocol
17 validated 19 protocol
18 semiautomated 19 protocol
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 spearman
21 and 29 measured
22 spearman 24 coefficients
22 spearman 27 for
22 spearman 29 measured
23 correlation 24 coefficients
24 coefficients 25 were
25 were 26 derived
26 derived 27 for
28 all 29 measured
29 measured 30 biomarkers

results : we enrolled 405 ais subjects ( mean age 70±15 years ; 58 % male ; [median] wmhv 3.4 cm3 , interquartile range 1.4 - 9.5 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 enrolled
2 : 13 ;
2 : 17 ;
3 we 4 enrolled
4 enrolled 7 subjects
5 405 7 subjects
6 ais 7 subjects
7 subjects 12 years
8 ( 12 years
9 mean 10 age
10 age 12 years
11 70±15 12 years
12 years 13 ;
13 ; 16 male
14 58 15 %
15 % 16 male
17 ; 20 3.4
17 ; 21 cm3
19 wmhv 20 3.4
20 3.4 21 cm3
21 cm3 26 -
22 , 26 -
23 interquartile 24 range
24 range 25 1.4
24 range 26 -
26 - 27 9.5
26 - 28 )

wmhv and age [were] strongly correlated ( ρ=.57 , p<.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 wmhv 2 and
2 and 3 age
2 and 6 correlated
2 and 8 ρ=.57
2 and 10 p<.0001
5 strongly 6 correlated
7 ( 8 ρ=.57
8 ρ=.57 9 ,
9 , 10 p<.0001
10 p<.0001 11 )

wmhv and mmp - 2 levels were correlated at baseline ( ρ=.23 , p<.0001 ) and at 48 hours poststroke ( ρ=.19 , p=.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 wmhv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 and 6 levels
2 and 8 correlated
3 mmp 4 -
3 mmp 6 levels
5 2 6 levels
6 levels 7 were
7 were 8 correlated
8 correlated 16 and
9 at 10 baseline
9 at 16 and
10 baseline 12 ρ=.23
11 ( 12 ρ=.23
12 ρ=.23 14 p<.0001
12 ρ=.23 15 )
13 , 14 p<.0001
14 p<.0001 15 )
16 and 17 at
17 at 20 poststroke
18 48 19 hours
19 hours 20 poststroke
20 poststroke 22 ρ=.19
20 poststroke 24 p=.002
21 ( 22 ρ=.19
22 ρ=.19 23 ,
23 , 24 p=.002
24 p=.002 25 )

in multivariate analysis , 48 - hour mmp - 2 levels were independently associated with wmhv ( β=.12 , p=.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 analysis
1 in 9 -
1 in 11 levels
2 multivariate 3 analysis
3 analysis 6 -
4 , 6 -
5 48 6 -
6 - 8 mmp
6 - 9 -
7 hour 8 mmp
10 2 11 levels
11 levels 12 were
12 were 13 independently
12 were 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 wmhv
16 wmhv 18 β=.12
17 ( 18 β=.12
18 β=.12 20 p=.04
18 β=.12 21 )
19 , 20 p=.04
20 p=.04 21 )

mmp - 9 and f2 - isioprostane levels did not correlate with wmhv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mmp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 9
2 - 4 and
2 - 14 .
4 and 8 levels
4 and 11 correlate
5 f2 6 -
5 f2 8 levels
7 isioprostane 8 levels
8 levels 9 did
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 correlate
11 correlate 12 with
12 with 13 wmhv

conclusions : in ais patients , mmp - 2 levels are associated with the pre - existing burden of wmh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 patients
3 in 5 patients
4 ais 5 patients
5 patients 7 mmp
6 , 7 mmp
7 mmp 8 -
8 - 10 levels
8 - 12 associated
8 - 21 .
9 2 10 levels
10 levels 11 are
11 are 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 18 burden
14 the 18 burden
15 pre 16 -
15 pre 18 burden
17 existing 18 burden
18 burden 19 of
19 of 20 wmh

if validated , these findings may further elucidate the role of mmp - 2 in pathophysiology of chronic cerebrovascular injury , such as wmh , and in brain susceptibility to acute ischemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 elucidate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 if 2 validated
1 if 3 ,
1 if 5 findings
4 these 5 findings
5 findings 6 may
6 may 8 elucidate
7 further 8 elucidate
8 elucidate 10 role
9 the 10 role
10 role 11 of
11 of 12 mmp
13 - 14 2
14 2 26 and
15 in 16 pathophysiology
15 in 26 and
16 pathophysiology 17 of
17 of 20 injury
18 chronic 20 injury
19 cerebrovascular 20 injury
20 injury 23 as
21 , 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 wmh
23 as 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 in
27 in 29 susceptibility
28 brain 29 susceptibility
29 susceptibility 30 to
30 to 32 ischemia
31 acute 32 ischemia

context : high rates of complementary and alternative medicine ( cam ) utilization among older adults are of interest because studies suggest relationships among cam , self - care , and healthy lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 rates
2 : 17 are
2 : 26 ,
3 high 4 rates
4 rates 5 of
4 rates 14 among
4 rates 17 are
5 of 13 utilization
6 complementary 7 and
7 and 9 medicine
7 and 11 cam
7 and 13 utilization
8 alternative 9 medicine
10 ( 11 cam
11 cam 12 )
14 among 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 are 18 of
17 are 20 because
18 of 19 interest
20 because 21 studies
20 because 22 suggest
21 studies 22 suggest
22 suggest 23 relationships
22 suggest 24 among
24 among 25 cam
26 , 27 self
26 , 28 -
28 - 31 and
29 care 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 lifestyle
32 healthy 33 lifestyle

these potential relationships are of particular interest because of the contribution of self [-] care in maintaining physical , emotional , and spiritual health as key strategies to successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 3 relationships
2 potential 3 relationships
3 relationships 4 are
4 are 5 of
4 are 9 of
4 are 25 as
4 are 28 to
5 of 7 interest
6 particular 7 interest
8 because 9 of
9 of 11 contribution
10 the 11 contribution
11 contribution 12 of
11 contribution 16 in
12 of 15 care
13 self 15 care
16 in 17 maintaining
17 maintaining 24 health
18 physical 19 ,
18 physical 24 health
20 emotional 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 spiritual
22 and 24 health
25 as 27 strategies
26 key 27 strategies
28 to 30 aging
29 successful 30 aging

naturopathic medicine ( nm ) is a type of primary care cam used by older adults , yet little is known about older adults ' use of nm or its role in healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 medicine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 naturopathic 2 medicine
2 medicine 4 nm
2 medicine 6 is
3 ( 4 nm
4 nm 5 )
6 is 11 care
6 is 18 yet
7 a 8 type
8 type 9 of
8 type 11 care
9 of 11 care
10 primary 11 care
11 care 12 cam
11 care 13 used
12 cam 13 used
13 used 14 by
14 by 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 , 18 yet
18 yet 19 little
19 little 20 is
20 is 21 known
21 known 22 about
21 known 32 in
22 about 26 use
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 '
25 ' 26 use
26 use 27 of
27 of 29 or
28 nm 29 or
29 or 31 role
30 its 31 role
32 in 34 aging
33 healthy 34 aging

objectives : we sought to examine perceptions about , [and] utilization [of] , nm and the experience of addressing health and wellness as part of the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 sought
2 : 9 ,
2 : 13 ,
3 we 4 sought
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 6 examine
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 7 perceptions
6 examine 8 about
9 , 11 utilization
13 , 21 and
14 nm 15 and
15 and 17 experience
15 and 18 of
15 and 21 and
16 the 17 experience
18 of 19 addressing
19 addressing 20 health
21 and 22 wellness
21 and 23 as
23 as 24 part
24 part 25 of
25 of 28 process
26 the 28 process
27 aging 28 process

design : phenomenology - based qualitative inquiry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 phenomenology
4 - 7 inquiry
5 based 7 inquiry
6 qualitative 7 inquiry

setting : a total of 13 community [-] based clinics affiliated with a naturopathic medical school . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 10 clinics
6 13 10 clinics
7 community 9 based
9 based 10 clinics
10 clinics 11 affiliated
11 affiliated 12 with
12 with 16 school
13 a 14 naturopathic
13 a 16 school
14 naturopathic 16 school
15 medical 16 school

participants : a total of 47 adults aged 58 - 100 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 8 aged
2 : 13 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 aged
5 of 7 adults
6 47 7 adults
8 aged 12 years
9 58 10 -
10 - 11 100
10 - 12 years

methods : qualitative analysis of semi - structured focus groups with quantitative analysis of clinical administrative data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
3 qualitative 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
5 of 10 groups
6 semi 7 -
6 semi 9 focus
8 structured 9 focus
9 focus 10 groups
10 groups 11 with
10 groups 14 of
11 with 13 analysis
12 quantitative 13 analysis
14 of 17 data
15 clinical 17 data
16 administrative 17 data

results : over 2543 older adults used nm services affiliated with a natural academic clinic in seattle in 2011 for diagnoses consistent with primary care : fatigue , anxiety , diabetes , diarrhea , and depression , in rank order . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 affiliated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 over
2 : 10 affiliated
3 over 6 adults
4 2543 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 used
6 adults 8 nm
6 adults 9 services
8 nm 9 services
10 affiliated 11 with
10 affiliated 16 in
11 with 15 clinic
12 a 13 natural
12 a 15 clinic
13 natural 15 clinic
14 academic 15 clinic
16 in 17 seattle
17 seattle 18 in
18 in 19 2011
19 2011 20 for
19 2011 22 consistent
20 for 21 diagnoses
22 consistent 23 with
23 with 25 care
24 primary 25 care
26 : 27 fatigue
26 : 32 ,
27 fatigue 29 anxiety
27 fatigue 31 diabetes
28 , 29 anxiety
29 anxiety 30 ,
30 , 31 diabetes
31 diabetes 32 ,
32 , 35 and
33 diarrhea 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 depression
35 and 38 in
37 , 38 in
38 in 40 order
38 in 41 .
39 rank 40 order

participants reported they sought nm because it offered a different system of care aligned with their values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 participants 2 reported
2 reported 3 they
2 reported 4 sought
3 they 4 sought
4 sought 5 nm
4 sought 6 because
6 because 7 it
6 because 8 offered
7 it 8 offered
8 offered 11 system
9 a 11 system
10 different 11 system
11 system 12 of
12 of 13 care
13 care 14 aligned
14 aligned 15 with
15 with 17 values
16 their 17 values

themes included ( 1 [ )(feeling heard , ( 2 ) [a] focus on health education including prevention and self - care , [and] ( 3 ) feeling supported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 themes 2 included
1 themes 6 )(feeling
1 themes 10 2
1 themes 13 focus
3 ( 6 )(feeling
4 1 6 )(feeling
6 )(feeling 7 heard
6 )(feeling 8 ,
9 ( 10 2
10 2 11 )
13 focus 14 on
14 on 16 education
15 health 16 education
16 education 17 including
16 education 28 feeling
17 including 19 and
18 prevention 19 and
19 and 20 self
19 and 22 care
19 and 26 3
21 - 22 care
22 care 23 ,
25 ( 26 3
26 3 27 )
28 feeling 29 supported

themes further distilled into optimal descriptive characteristics of patient - centered providers that may best support older adults ' healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 themes 3 distilled
1 themes 16 support
2 further 3 distilled
3 distilled 4 into
4 into 7 characteristics
5 optimal 7 characteristics
6 descriptive 7 characteristics
7 characteristics 8 of
8 of 12 providers
9 patient 10 -
9 patient 12 providers
11 centered 12 providers
12 providers 13 that
12 providers 15 best
13 that 14 may
14 may 15 best
16 support 21 aging
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 '
19 ' 21 aging
20 healthy 21 aging

a final theme described barriers to further utilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 theme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 a 2 final
1 a 3 theme
2 final 3 theme
3 theme 4 described
4 described 5 barriers
4 described 6 to
6 to 7 further
7 further 8 utilization

several lines of inquiry point to overlapping molecular mechanisms between late - onset alzheimer disease ( ad ) and age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 several 2 lines
2 lines 3 of
2 lines 19 and
3 of 4 inquiry
5 point 6 to
5 point 10 between
5 point 19 and
6 to 9 mechanisms
7 overlapping 9 mechanisms
8 molecular 9 mechanisms
10 between 15 disease
11 late 12 -
11 late 13 onset
13 onset 15 disease
14 alzheimer 15 disease
15 disease 17 ad
16 ( 17 ad
17 ad 18 )
19 and 20 age
21 - 22 related
22 related 24 degeneration
23 macular 24 degeneration
24 degeneration 26 amd
25 ( 26 amd
26 amd 27 )

we evaluated summarized results from large [genome] - wide association studies for ad and amd to test the hypothesis that ad susceptibility loci are also associated with amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 results
3 summarized 4 results
4 results 5 from
5 from 11 studies
6 large 8 -
6 large 10 association
9 wide 10 association
10 association 11 studies
11 studies 12 for
12 for 13 ad
14 and 15 amd
14 and 26 associated
15 amd 16 to
15 amd 24 are
15 amd 26 associated
16 to 17 test
17 test 19 hypothesis
18 the 19 hypothesis
19 hypothesis 20 that
20 that 23 loci
20 that 24 are
21 ad 22 susceptibility
22 susceptibility 23 loci
23 loci 24 are
24 are 25 also
26 associated 27 with
27 with 28 amd

next , we evaluated association [of] amd with genes in ad - related pathways identified by canonical pathway analysis of ad - associated genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 next 2 ,
1 next 3 we
3 we 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 7 amd
4 evaluated 23 associated
5 association 7 amd
7 amd 8 with
7 amd 10 in
7 amd 23 associated
8 with 9 genes
10 in 11 ad
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 pathways
13 related 22 -
13 related 23 associated
14 pathways 15 identified
14 pathways 20 of
15 identified 16 by
16 by 19 analysis
17 canonical 18 pathway
18 pathway 19 analysis
20 of 21 ad
23 associated 24 genes

significant associations were observed with multiple previously identified amd risk loci and 2 novel genes [:] hgs ( peak snp rs8070488 , maf = 0.23 [,] [or] = 0.91 , p = 7.52 × 10 ( - 5 [ )( (, which plays a role in the clathrin - mediated endocytosis signaling pathway , and tnf ( peak snp rs2071590 , maf = 0.34 [,] [or] = 0.89 , p = 1.17 × 10 ( - 5 ) [ )(, which is a member of the atherosclerosis signaling and the lxr/rxr activation pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
1 significant 2 associations
1 significant 3 were
1 significant 4 observed
2 associations 3 were
4 observed 5 with
5 with 9 amd
5 with 12 and
6 multiple 9 amd
7 previously 8 identified
8 identified 9 amd
10 risk 11 loci
11 loci 12 and
12 and 15 genes
12 and 23 maf
12 and 24 =
13 2 15 genes
14 novel 15 genes
17 hgs 21 rs8070488
17 hgs 23 maf
18 ( 21 rs8070488
19 peak 21 rs8070488
20 snp 21 rs8070488
21 rs8070488 22 ,
23 maf 24 =
24 = 28 =
24 = 32 =
25 0.23 28 =
28 = 29 0.91
28 = 30 ,
31 p 32 =
32 = 34 ×
33 7.52 34 ×
34 × 35 10
34 × 38 5
34 × 42 which
36 ( 38 5
37 - 38 5
38 5 40 )(
41 (, 42 which
42 which 43 plays
43 plays 55 and
44 a 45 role
45 role 46 in
45 role 55 and
46 in 48 clathrin
47 the 48 clathrin
48 clathrin 53 pathway
49 - 53 pathway
50 mediated 51 endocytosis
51 endocytosis 53 pathway
52 signaling 53 pathway
53 pathway 54 ,
55 and 56 tnf
55 and 61 ,
55 and 62 maf
55 and 63 =
55 and 67 =
56 tnf 60 rs2071590
57 ( 60 rs2071590
58 peak 60 rs2071590
59 snp 60 rs2071590
60 rs2071590 61 ,
62 maf 63 =
64 0.34 67 =
67 = 68 0.89
68 0.89 71 =
69 , 71 =
70 p 71 =
71 = 73 ×
72 1.17 73 ×
73 × 74 10
73 × 77 5
73 × 81 which
75 ( 77 5
76 - 77 5
77 5 78 )
80 )(, 81 which
81 which 82 is
82 is 89 and
83 a 84 member
84 member 85 of
84 member 89 and
85 of 88 signaling
86 the 88 signaling
87 atherosclerosis 88 signaling
89 and 93 pathways
89 and 94 .
90 the 93 pathways
91 lxr/rxr 92 activation
92 activation 93 pathways

our results suggest that amd and ad share genetic mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 and
4 that 8 share
5 amd 6 and
6 and 7 ad
8 share 10 mechanisms
9 genetic 10 mechanisms

introduction and objectives : the present study aimed to compare elderly and young female voices in habitual and high intensity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 introduction 2 and
2 and 3 objectives
3 objectives 4 :
4 : 7 study
4 : 16 in
5 the 7 study
6 present 7 study
7 study 8 aimed
8 aimed 9 to
9 to 10 compare
10 compare 15 voices
11 elderly 12 and
12 and 13 young
12 and 15 voices
14 female 15 voices
16 in 18 and
17 habitual 18 and
18 and 20 intensity
19 high 20 intensity

the effect [of] increased intensity on the acoustic and perceptual parameters was assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 intensity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 5 intensity
2 effect 4 increased
4 increased 5 intensity
5 intensity 6 on
5 intensity 12 was
6 on 9 and
7 the 8 acoustic
8 acoustic 9 and
9 and 11 parameters
10 perceptual 11 parameters
12 was 13 assessed

methods : sound pressure level , fundamental frequency , jitter , shimmer , and harmonic [to] noise ratio were obtained at habitual and high intensity voice in a group of 30 elderly women and 30 young women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 level
3 sound 4 pressure
4 pressure 5 level
6 , 8 frequency
6 , 9 ,
7 fundamental 8 frequency
9 , 10 jitter
9 , 11 ,
11 , 14 and
11 , 20 obtained
12 shimmer 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 18 ratio
14 and 19 were
15 harmonic 18 ratio
17 noise 18 ratio
19 were 20 obtained
20 obtained 21 at
20 obtained 27 in
21 at 23 and
22 habitual 23 and
23 and 26 voice
24 high 25 intensity
25 intensity 26 voice
27 in 34 and
28 a 29 group
29 group 30 of
29 group 34 and
30 of 33 women
31 30 33 women
32 elderly 33 women
34 and 37 women
35 30 37 women
36 young 37 women

perceptual assessment was also performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 perceptual 2 assessment
2 assessment 3 was
3 was 5 performed
4 also 5 performed

results : both groups demonstrated an increase in sound pressure level and fundamental frequency [from] habitual voice [to] high intensity voice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 groups
2 : 5 demonstrated
3 both 4 groups
4 groups 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 7 increase
6 an 7 increase
7 increase 8 in
8 in 12 and
9 sound 10 pressure
10 pressure 11 level
11 level 12 and
12 and 21 voice
13 fundamental 14 frequency
14 frequency 21 voice
16 habitual 17 voice
17 voice 21 voice
19 high 20 intensity
20 intensity 21 voice

no differences were found between groups in any acoustic variables on samples recorded with habitual intensity level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 no 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 between
4 found 7 in
4 found 11 on
4 found 14 with
5 between 6 groups
7 in 10 variables
8 any 10 variables
9 acoustic 10 variables
11 on 12 samples
12 samples 13 recorded
14 with 17 level
15 habitual 16 intensity
16 intensity 17 level

no significant differences between groups were found in habitual intensity level for pitch , hoarseness , roughness , and breathiness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 between
3 differences 6 were
4 between 5 groups
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 in
7 found 12 for
8 in 11 level
9 habitual 10 intensity
10 intensity 11 level
12 for 19 and
13 pitch 14 ,
14 , 15 hoarseness
14 , 16 ,
16 , 17 roughness
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 breathiness

asthenia and instability obtained significant higher values in elderly than young participants , whereas [,] the elderly demonstrated lower values for perceived tension and loudness than young subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 asthenia 2 and
2 and 3 instability
2 and 4 obtained
4 obtained 7 values
4 obtained 8 in
4 obtained 14 whereas
5 significant 7 values
6 higher 7 values
8 in 12 participants
9 elderly 12 participants
10 than 11 young
11 young 12 participants
13 , 14 whereas
14 whereas 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
17 elderly 18 demonstrated
18 demonstrated 20 values
18 demonstrated 21 for
18 demonstrated 26 than
19 lower 20 values
21 for 24 and
22 perceived 23 tension
23 tension 24 and
24 and 25 loudness
26 than 28 subjects
27 young 28 subjects

conclusions : acoustic and perceptual measures do not demonstrate evident differences between elderly and young speakers in habitual intensity level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 acoustic
4 and 6 measures
4 and 9 demonstrate
5 perceptual 6 measures
6 measures 7 do
7 do 8 not
7 do 9 demonstrate
9 demonstrate 11 differences
9 demonstrate 17 in
10 evident 11 differences
11 differences 12 between
12 between 16 speakers
13 elderly 14 and
14 and 15 young
14 and 16 speakers
17 in 20 level
18 habitual 19 intensity
19 intensity 20 level

the parameters analyzed may lack the sensitivity necessary to detect differences in subjects with normal voices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 analyzed
2 parameters 4 may
4 may 5 lack
5 lack 7 sensitivity
6 the 7 sensitivity
7 sensitivity 8 necessary
8 necessary 9 to
8 necessary 10 detect
9 to 10 detect
10 detect 11 differences
10 detect 12 in
10 detect 14 with
12 in 13 subjects
14 with 16 voices
15 normal 16 voices

phonation with high intensity highlights differences [between] groups , especially in perceptual parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phonation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 groups
1 phonation 2 with
1 phonation 8 groups
2 with 6 differences
3 high 4 intensity
4 intensity 6 differences
5 highlights 6 differences
8 groups 11 in
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 in
11 in 13 parameters
11 in 14 .
12 perceptual 13 parameters

therefore , [high] [intensity] should be included to compare elderly and young voice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 11 and
5 should 6 be
5 should 11 and
6 be 7 included
7 included 8 to
7 included 10 elderly
8 to 9 compare
11 and 13 voice
12 young 13 voice

none the main aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and consequence of ltcfs - acquired infections in taiwan through [a] 16 - month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 follow
1 none 4 aim
1 none 8 was
1 none 28 follow
2 the 4 aim
3 main 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 27 month
11 the 27 month
12 risk 27 month
13 factors 14 and
14 and 15 consequence
14 and 16 of
14 and 27 month
16 of 17 ltcfs
17 ltcfs 20 infections
18 - 20 infections
19 acquired 20 infections
20 infections 21 in
20 infections 26 -
21 in 22 taiwan
22 taiwan 23 through
23 through 25 16
28 follow 30 up
29 - 30 up
30 up 31 .

this prospective cohort study invited residents of 10 private ltcfs in taipei for study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 invited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 prospective
2 prospective 3 cohort
3 cohort 4 study
4 study 5 invited
5 invited 6 residents
5 invited 11 in
6 residents 7 of
7 of 10 ltcfs
8 10 10 ltcfs
9 private 10 ltcfs
11 in 12 taipei
12 taipei 13 for
13 for 14 study

for each participant , karnofsky performance scale ( kps ) , use of feeding tube [and/or] urinary catheters , serum levels of albumin , total cholesterol , complete blood count , occurrence of ltcf - acquired infections , all - cause mortality were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 for 3 participant
1 for 25 total
2 each 3 participant
3 participant 9 kps
3 participant 12 use
4 , 9 kps
5 karnofsky 6 performance
6 performance 7 scale
7 scale 9 kps
8 ( 9 kps
9 kps 10 )
9 kps 11 ,
11 , 12 use
12 use 13 of
12 use 24 ,
13 of 14 feeding
14 feeding 18 catheters
15 tube 18 catheters
17 urinary 18 catheters
18 catheters 21 levels
19 , 21 levels
20 serum 21 levels
21 levels 22 of
21 levels 24 ,
22 of 23 albumin
25 total 26 cholesterol
27 , 30 count
27 , 31 ,
28 complete 29 blood
29 blood 30 count
31 , 32 occurrence
31 , 44 recorded
32 occurrence 33 of
32 occurrence 43 were
33 of 42 mortality
34 ltcf 37 infections
34 ltcf 39 all
34 ltcf 42 mortality
35 - 37 infections
36 acquired 37 infections
37 infections 38 ,
38 , 39 all
39 all 40 -
41 cause 42 mortality
43 were 44 recorded

overall , a total of 198 ltcf residents entered the study for a total of 67,395 resident - days , and 156 participants ( 79.8±9.7 years , 51.3 % males ) complete [the] follow - up with a total of 67,395 resident - days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 entered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 entered
5 of 8 residents
6 198 8 residents
7 ltcf 8 residents
9 entered 11 study
10 the 11 study
11 study 12 for
11 study 15 of
12 for 14 total
13 a 14 total
15 of 19 days
16 67,395 19 days
17 resident 18 -
17 resident 19 days
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 156
21 and 34 follow
22 156 23 participants
22 156 32 complete
22 156 34 follow
23 participants 26 years
23 participants 30 males
23 participants 32 complete
24 ( 26 years
25 79.8±9.7 26 years
26 years 27 ,
27 , 30 males
28 51.3 30 males
29 % 30 males
30 males 31 )
34 follow 36 up
35 - 36 up
36 up 37 with
36 up 45 .
37 with 39 total
38 a 39 total
39 total 40 of
40 of 44 days
41 67,395 44 days
42 resident 43 -
42 resident 44 days

during the study period , 360 ltcf - acquired infections occurred , and the incidence was estimated to be 5.34 episodes per 1000 resident - days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 infections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
1 during 4 period
1 during 10 infections
2 the 4 period
3 study 4 period
4 period 7 ltcf
5 , 7 ltcf
6 360 7 ltcf
7 ltcf 8 -
9 acquired 10 infections
10 infections 11 occurred
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 incidence
13 and 17 estimated
14 the 15 incidence
15 incidence 16 was
16 was 17 estimated
17 estimated 18 to
18 to 19 be
19 be 21 episodes
20 5.34 21 episodes
21 episodes 22 per
21 episodes 26 days
22 per 24 resident
23 1000 24 resident
25 - 26 days
26 days 27 .

subjects with ltcf - acquired infections were more likely to die than those without infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 infections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 subjects 6 infections
2 with 3 ltcf
2 with 4 -
2 with 6 infections
5 acquired 6 infections
6 infections 7 were
7 were 9 likely
8 more 9 likely
9 likely 10 to
9 likely 11 die
10 to 11 die
11 die 12 than
11 die 14 without
12 than 13 those
14 without 15 infections

besides , subjects with lymphopenia and long - term use of feeding tube [and/or] urinary catheters were significant risk factors for ltcf - acquired infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 besides 2 ,
1 besides 6 and
3 subjects 4 with
3 subjects 6 and
4 with 5 lymphopenia
6 and 10 use
6 and 11 of
6 and 17 were
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 term
9 term 10 use
11 of 12 feeding
12 feeding 16 catheters
13 tube 16 catheters
15 urinary 16 catheters
17 were 20 factors
18 significant 20 factors
19 risk 20 factors
20 factors 21 for
21 for 22 ltcf
23 - 25 infections
24 acquired 25 infections

however , poorer functional status and occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections were significant predictive factors for all - cause mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 and
3 poorer 5 status
4 functional 5 status
5 status 6 and
6 and 7 occurrence
6 and 8 of
6 and 13 were
8 of 12 infections
9 lower 11 tract
10 respiratory 11 tract
11 tract 12 infections
13 were 16 factors
14 significant 16 factors
15 predictive 16 factors
16 factors 17 for
17 for 18 all
19 - 20 cause
19 - 22 .
20 cause 21 mortality

in conclusion , the period prevalence of ltcf [-] acquired infections was higher in taiwan than previous reports , but the incidence was similar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 6 prevalence
3 , 12 was
3 , 20 but
4 the 6 prevalence
5 period 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
6 prevalence 12 was
7 of 11 infections
8 ltcf 10 acquired
10 acquired 11 infections
12 was 13 higher
13 higher 14 in
13 higher 16 than
14 in 15 taiwan
16 than 18 reports
17 previous 18 reports
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 incidence
20 but 23 was
21 the 22 incidence
22 incidence 23 was
23 was 24 similar

in addition to traditional risk factors , lymphopenia , a surrogate indicator for immunosenescence , was a significant risk factor for ltcf - acquired infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 lymphopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 lymphopenia
2 addition 3 to
3 to 6 factors
4 traditional 6 factors
5 risk 6 factors
8 lymphopenia 12 indicator
8 lymphopenia 16 was
9 , 12 indicator
10 a 12 indicator
11 surrogate 12 indicator
12 indicator 13 for
12 indicator 15 ,
13 for 14 immunosenescence
16 was 20 factor
17 a 18 significant
17 a 20 factor
18 significant 20 factor
19 risk 20 factor
20 factor 21 for
21 for 22 ltcf
23 - 25 infections
23 - 26 .
24 acquired 25 infections

in recent years there has been a large expansion in our understanding of sirt6 biology including its structure , regulation , biochemical activity , and biological roles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 years
1 in 4 there
2 recent 3 years
4 there 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 9 expansion
7 a 9 expansion
8 large 9 expansion
9 expansion 10 in
10 in 12 understanding
11 our 12 understanding
12 understanding 13 of
13 of 25 and
14 sirt6 15 biology
15 biology 16 including
15 biology 25 and
16 including 18 structure
17 its 18 structure
18 structure 20 regulation
18 structure 23 activity
19 , 20 regulation
20 regulation 21 ,
21 , 23 activity
22 biochemical 23 activity
23 activity 24 ,
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 roles
26 biological 27 roles

sirt6 functions as an adp - ribosylase and nad [(] [+] ) - dependent deacylase of both acetyl groups and long - chain fatty - acyl groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirt6
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 sirt6 2 functions
2 functions 3 as
3 as 5 adp
4 an 5 adp
5 adp 8 and
6 - 8 and
7 ribosylase 8 and
8 and 9 nad
8 and 12 )
13 - 15 deacylase
14 dependent 15 deacylase
15 deacylase 16 of
16 of 20 and
17 both 19 groups
18 acetyl 19 groups
19 groups 20 and
20 and 23 chain
20 and 26 acyl
20 and 27 groups
21 long 22 -
21 long 23 chain
24 fatty 25 -
24 fatty 26 acyl
26 acyl 27 groups

through these functions sirt6 impacts upon cellular homeostasis by regulating dna repair , telomere maintenance , and glucose and lipid metabolism , thus affecting diseases such diabetes , obesity , heart disease , and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sirt6
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impacts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 through 3 functions
1 through 4 sirt6
2 these 3 functions
4 sirt6 5 impacts
5 impacts 6 upon
5 impacts 34 and
6 upon 19 and
7 cellular 8 homeostasis
8 homeostasis 9 by
8 homeostasis 13 ,
9 by 10 regulating
10 regulating 12 repair
11 dna 12 repair
13 , 15 maintenance
13 , 17 and
14 telomere 15 maintenance
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 glucose
17 and 19 and
19 and 21 metabolism
19 and 22 ,
19 and 24 affecting
20 lipid 21 metabolism
23 thus 24 affecting
24 affecting 25 diseases
26 such 27 diabetes
27 diabetes 28 ,
28 , 29 obesity
28 , 30 ,
30 , 32 disease
30 , 34 and
31 heart 32 disease
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 cancer

such roles may contribute to the overall longevity and health of the organism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 roles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 such 2 roles
2 roles 3 may
3 may 4 contribute
4 contribute 5 to
5 to 9 and
6 the 8 longevity
7 overall 8 longevity
8 longevity 9 and
9 and 10 health
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 organism
12 the 13 organism

until recently , the known functions of sirt6 were largely restricted to the chromatin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 restricted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 until 2 recently
1 until 3 ,
1 until 6 functions
4 the 6 functions
5 known 6 functions
6 functions 7 of
6 functions 9 were
7 of 8 sirt6
9 were 11 restricted
10 largely 11 restricted
11 restricted 12 to
12 to 14 chromatin
13 the 14 chromatin

in this article we seek to describe [and] expand this knowledge with recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of sirt6 action and their implications for human biology and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 expand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 9 expand
2 this 3 article
3 article 4 we
3 article 7 describe
4 we 5 seek
5 seek 6 to
5 seek 7 describe
6 to 7 describe
9 expand 11 knowledge
9 expand 12 with
9 expand 15 in
10 this 11 knowledge
12 with 14 advances
13 recent 14 advances
15 in 16 understanding
16 understanding 18 mechanisms
16 understanding 25 for
17 the 18 mechanisms
18 mechanisms 19 of
19 of 22 and
20 sirt6 21 action
21 action 22 and
22 and 24 implications
23 their 24 implications
25 for 28 and
26 human 27 biology
27 biology 28 and
28 and 29 disease

until recently , cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) has been overlooked as a potential modifier of the inverse association between obesity and mortality ( [the] so [-] called obesity paradox ) , observed in patients [with] known or suspected cardiovascular ( cv ) disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fitness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 overlooked
1 until 2 recently
1 until 3 ,
1 until 5 fitness
4 cardiorespiratory 5 fitness
5 fitness 7 crf
5 fitness 9 has
6 ( 7 crf
7 crf 8 )
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 overlooked
11 overlooked 12 as
12 as 15 modifier
13 a 14 potential
13 a 15 modifier
14 potential 15 modifier
15 modifier 16 of
16 of 19 association
17 the 19 association
18 inverse 19 association
19 association 20 between
20 between 22 and
21 obesity 22 and
22 and 23 mortality
22 and 28 called
22 and 33 observed
24 ( 28 called
26 so 28 called
28 called 30 paradox
28 called 31 )
29 obesity 30 paradox
32 , 33 observed
33 observed 34 in
33 observed 45 .
34 in 38 or
35 patients 37 known
35 patients 38 or
38 or 44 disease
39 suspected 44 disease
40 cardiovascular 42 cv
40 cardiovascular 43 )
40 cardiovascular 44 disease
41 ( 42 cv
42 cv 43 )

evidence from five observational cohort studies of 30,104 patients ( 87 % [male] ) with cv disease indicates that crf significantly alters the obesity paradox . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 alters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 evidence 2 from
1 evidence 7 of
1 evidence 15 with
1 evidence 22 alters
2 from 6 studies
3 five 5 cohort
4 observational 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 studies
7 of 9 patients
8 30,104 9 patients
9 patients 12 %
10 ( 12 %
11 87 12 %
12 % 14 )
15 with 16 cv
16 cv 17 disease
16 cv 18 indicates
17 disease 18 indicates
18 indicates 20 crf
18 indicates 21 significantly
19 that 20 crf
22 alters 25 paradox
23 the 25 paradox
24 obesity 25 paradox

there is general agreement across studies that the obesity paradox persists among patients with low [crf] , regardless of whether adiposity is assessed by body mass index [,] waist circumference [,] [or] percentage body fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 agreement
2 is 15 low
3 general 4 agreement
4 agreement 5 across
5 across 6 studies
6 studies 7 that
6 studies 14 with
7 that 10 paradox
7 that 11 persists
8 the 10 paradox
9 obesity 10 paradox
10 paradox 11 persists
11 persists 12 among
11 persists 14 with
12 among 13 patients
15 low 19 of
17 , 19 of
18 regardless 19 of
19 of 20 whether
19 of 36 .
20 whether 21 adiposity
20 whether 23 assessed
21 adiposity 22 is
22 is 23 assessed
23 assessed 24 by
24 by 35 fat
25 body 35 fat
26 mass 30 circumference
27 index 30 circumference
29 waist 30 circumference
30 circumference 33 percentage
33 percentage 35 fat
34 body 35 fat

however , among patients with high crf , risk of all - cause mortality is [lowest] for the overweight category in some , but not all , studies , suggesting that higher levels of fitness may modify the relationship between body fatness and survival in patients manifesting an obesity paradox . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 14 mortality
2 , 3 among
3 among 4 patients
3 among 12 -
3 among 14 mortality
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 9 risk
5 with 7 crf
6 high 7 crf
8 , 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
9 risk 12 -
10 of 11 all
13 cause 14 mortality
14 mortality 15 is
15 is 17 for
15 is 40 between
15 is 45 in
17 for 20 category
18 the 20 category
19 overweight 20 category
20 category 21 in
20 category 30 suggesting
21 in 22 some
22 some 24 but
22 some 28 studies
23 , 24 but
24 but 25 not
24 but 26 all
24 but 27 ,
27 , 28 studies
28 studies 29 ,
30 suggesting 31 that
31 that 33 levels
31 that 37 modify
32 higher 33 levels
33 levels 34 of
33 levels 36 may
34 of 35 fitness
36 may 37 modify
37 modify 39 relationship
38 the 39 relationship
40 between 43 and
41 body 42 fatness
42 fatness 43 and
43 and 44 survival
45 in 46 patients
46 patients 47 manifesting
47 manifesting 50 paradox
48 an 50 paradox
49 obesity 50 paradox

further study is needed to better characterize the joint contribution of crf and obesity on mortality in diverse populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 further 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 15 on
4 needed 17 in
5 to 7 characterize
6 better 7 characterize
7 characterize 10 contribution
8 the 10 contribution
9 joint 10 contribution
10 contribution 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 crf 13 and
13 and 14 obesity
15 on 16 mortality
17 in 19 populations
18 diverse 19 populations

objectives : to examine whether patients with newly diagnosed cancer respond differently to supplemental coverage than the general medicare population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 whether
4 examine 20 population
5 whether 6 patients
5 whether 11 respond
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 11 respond
7 with 10 cancer
8 newly 9 diagnosed
9 diagnosed 10 cancer
11 respond 12 differently
11 respond 16 than
12 differently 13 to
13 to 15 coverage
14 supplemental 15 coverage
17 the 20 population
18 general 20 population
19 medicare 20 population

methods : a cohort of newly diagnosed cancer patients ( n = 1,799 ) from the 1997 - 2007 medicare current beneficiary survey and a noncancer cohort ( n = 9,726 ) were identified and matched by [panel] [year] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 24 and
2 : 33 were
2 : 40 .
3 a 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 of
4 cohort 15 from
4 cohort 24 and
5 of 9 patients
6 newly 7 diagnosed
7 diagnosed 8 cancer
8 cancer 9 patients
9 patients 12 =
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 1,799
12 = 14 )
15 from 23 survey
16 the 18 -
17 1997 18 -
18 - 19 2007
18 - 23 survey
20 medicare 21 current
21 current 22 beneficiary
22 beneficiary 23 survey
24 and 27 cohort
24 and 30 =
24 and 33 were
25 a 26 noncancer
25 a 27 cohort
26 noncancer 27 cohort
28 ( 30 =
29 n 30 =
30 = 31 9,726
30 = 32 )
33 were 35 and
34 identified 35 and
35 and 36 matched
35 and 37 by

two - year total medical care spending was estimated by using generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log link - including endogeneity - corrected models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 link
2 - 7 spending
2 - 9 estimated
3 year 7 spending
4 total 6 care
5 medical 6 care
6 care 7 spending
7 spending 8 was
8 was 9 estimated
9 estimated 10 by
10 by 11 using
11 using 14 models
11 using 15 with
12 generalized 14 models
13 linear 14 models
15 with 16 gamma
16 gamma 18 and
16 gamma 20 link
17 distribution 18 and
18 and 19 log
18 and 20 link
20 link 22 including
21 - 22 including
22 including 23 endogeneity
22 including 27 .
23 endogeneity 26 models
24 - 26 models
25 corrected 26 models
26 models 27 .

interactions between cancer and type of insurance allowed testing for differential effects of a cancer diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 interactions 2 between
1 interactions 4 and
2 between 3 cancer
4 and 5 type
4 and 6 of
4 and 8 allowed
6 of 7 insurance
8 allowed 9 testing
9 testing 10 for
10 for 12 effects
11 differential 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 16 diagnosis
14 a 15 cancer
14 a 16 diagnosis
15 cancer 16 diagnosis

results : the cancer cohort spent an adjusted $ 15,605 more over 2 years than did the noncancer comparison group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 5 cohort
2 : 6 spent
3 the 5 cohort
4 cancer 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 spent
6 spent 9 $
6 spent 11 more
6 spent 12 over
6 spent 15 than
7 an 9 $
8 adjusted 9 $
9 $ 10 15,605
12 over 14 years
13 2 14 years
15 than 16 did
16 did 20 group
17 the 20 group
18 noncancer 19 comparison
19 comparison 20 group

relative to those without supplemental coverage , beneficiaries with employer [-] sponsored insurance , other private with prescription drug coverage , and public coverage had significantly higher total spending ( $ 3,510 , $ 2,823 , and $ 4,065 , respectively , for main models ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 coverage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 relative 2 to
1 relative 4 without
1 relative 14 ,
1 relative 24 coverage
2 to 3 those
4 without 6 coverage
5 supplemental 6 coverage
6 coverage 8 beneficiaries
7 , 8 beneficiaries
8 beneficiaries 9 with
8 beneficiaries 14 ,
9 with 13 insurance
10 employer 12 sponsored
12 sponsored 13 insurance
15 other 24 coverage
16 private 17 with
16 private 22 and
17 with 20 coverage
18 prescription 20 coverage
19 drug 20 coverage
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 public
22 and 24 coverage
24 coverage 25 had
25 had 29 spending
25 had 41 respectively
25 had 43 for
26 significantly 27 higher
27 higher 29 spending
28 total 29 spending
29 spending 37 and
30 ( 37 and
31 $ 32 3,510
31 $ 34 $
31 $ 37 and
33 , 34 $
34 $ 35 2,823
34 $ 36 ,
37 and 38 $
37 and 40 ,
38 $ 39 4,065
42 , 43 for
43 for 45 models
43 for 46 )
44 main 45 models

for beneficiaries with cancer , supplemental insurance effects were similar in magnitude yet negative , suggesting little net effect of supplemental insurance for cancer patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
1 for 2 beneficiaries
1 for 5 ,
1 for 8 effects
2 beneficiaries 3 with
3 with 4 cancer
6 supplemental 7 insurance
7 insurance 8 effects
8 effects 9 were
9 were 13 yet
10 similar 11 in
10 similar 13 yet
11 in 12 magnitude
13 yet 14 negative
14 negative 16 suggesting
15 , 16 suggesting
16 suggesting 19 effect
16 suggesting 26 .
17 little 19 effect
18 net 19 effect
19 effect 20 of
20 of 22 insurance
21 supplemental 22 insurance
22 insurance 23 for
23 for 25 patients
24 cancer 25 patients

the endogeneity - corrected models produced implausibly large main effects of supplemental insurance , but the cancer × insurance interactions were similar in both models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endogeneity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 endogeneity
3 - 5 models
3 - 6 produced
3 - 15 but
3 - 26 .
4 corrected 5 models
5 models 6 produced
6 produced 10 effects
7 implausibly 8 large
8 large 9 main
9 main 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 13 insurance
12 supplemental 13 insurance
14 , 15 but
15 but 20 interactions
15 but 21 were
16 the 20 interactions
17 cancer 20 interactions
18 × 20 interactions
19 insurance 20 interactions
20 interactions 21 were
21 were 22 similar
22 similar 23 in
23 in 25 models
24 both 25 models

conclusions : medicare beneficiaries with cancer [are] less responsive to the presence and type of supplemental insurance than are beneficiaries without cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 beneficiaries
2 : 19 are
2 : 23 .
3 medicare 4 beneficiaries
4 beneficiaries 5 with
4 beneficiaries 9 responsive
4 beneficiaries 19 are
5 with 6 cancer
8 less 9 responsive
9 responsive 10 to
9 responsive 18 than
10 to 13 and
11 the 12 presence
12 presence 13 and
13 and 14 type
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 insurance
16 supplemental 17 insurance
19 are 20 beneficiaries
19 are 21 without
21 without 22 cancer

proposed restrictions on the availability of supplemental insurance intended to reduce medicare spending would be unlikely to limit expenditures by beneficiaries with cancer , but would shift the financial burden to those beneficiaries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 restrictions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 shift
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 proposed 2 restrictions
2 restrictions 3 on
2 restrictions 9 intended
3 on 5 availability
4 the 5 availability
5 availability 6 of
6 of 8 insurance
7 supplemental 8 insurance
9 intended 10 to
9 intended 25 but
10 to 11 reduce
11 reduce 12 medicare
13 spending 25 but
14 would 15 be
14 would 25 but
15 be 16 unlikely
16 unlikely 17 to
16 unlikely 18 limit
17 to 18 limit
18 limit 19 expenditures
18 limit 20 by
18 limit 22 with
20 by 21 beneficiaries
22 with 23 cancer
24 , 25 but
25 but 26 would
26 would 27 shift
27 shift 30 burden
27 shift 31 to
28 the 30 burden
29 financial 30 burden
31 to 33 beneficiaries
32 those 33 beneficiaries

policymakers should consider welfare effects associated with coverage restrictions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 policymakers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 policymakers 2 should
2 should 3 consider
3 consider 4 welfare
3 consider 5 effects
5 effects 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 9 restrictions
8 coverage 9 restrictions

disturbances in both circadian rhythms and oxidative stress systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder ( bd ) , yet no studies have investigated the relationship between these systems in bd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 disturbances 2 in
1 disturbances 6 and
2 in 5 rhythms
3 both 5 rhythms
4 circadian 5 rhythms
6 and 9 systems
6 and 10 have
7 oxidative 8 stress
8 stress 9 systems
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 implicated
12 implicated 13 in
12 implicated 23 yet
13 in 15 pathophysiology
14 the 15 pathophysiology
15 pathophysiology 16 of
16 of 18 disorder
17 bipolar 18 disorder
18 disorder 20 bd
19 ( 20 bd
20 bd 21 )
22 , 23 yet
23 yet 25 studies
24 no 25 studies
25 studies 26 have
26 have 27 investigated
27 investigated 29 relationship
27 investigated 30 between
28 the 29 relationship
30 between 32 systems
31 these 32 systems
32 systems 33 in
33 in 34 bd

we studied the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on lipid damage in 52 depressed or euthymic bd females , while controlling for age , severity of depressive symptoms and number of psychotropic medications , compared to 30 healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studied
1 we 2 studied
2 studied 4 impact
2 studied 9 on
2 studied 20 while
3 the 4 impact
4 impact 5 of
5 of 8 disruption
6 circadian 8 disruption
7 rhythm 8 disruption
9 on 11 damage
10 lipid 11 damage
11 damage 12 in
12 in 18 females
13 52 18 females
14 depressed 15 or
15 or 16 euthymic
15 or 18 females
17 bd 18 females
19 , 20 while
20 while 21 controlling
20 while 35 compared
20 while 40 .
21 controlling 22 for
21 controlling 29 and
21 controlling 35 compared
22 for 23 age
24 , 29 and
25 severity 26 of
25 severity 29 and
26 of 28 symptoms
27 depressive 28 symptoms
29 and 30 number
29 and 31 of
29 and 34 ,
31 of 33 medications
32 psychotropic 33 medications
35 compared 36 to
36 to 39 controls
37 30 39 controls
38 healthy 39 controls

circadian rhythm disruption was determined by a self - report measure [(] biological rhythm interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry ; brian [ )(, which measures behaviours such as sleep , eating patterns , social rhythms and general activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 circadian
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 circadian 4 was
2 rhythm 3 disruption
3 disruption 4 was
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 by
6 by 8 self
7 a 8 self
9 - 15 interview
9 - 20 ;
10 report 11 measure
11 measure 15 interview
13 biological 14 rhythm
14 rhythm 15 interview
15 interview 16 of
16 of 17 assessment
17 assessment 18 in
18 in 19 neuropsychiatry
20 ; 21 brian
20 ; 23 )(,
23 )(, 24 which
23 )(, 25 measures
23 )(, 33 ,
24 which 25 measures
25 measures 26 behaviours
25 measures 31 eating
26 behaviours 28 as
27 such 28 as
28 as 29 sleep
30 , 31 eating
31 eating 32 patterns
31 eating 33 ,
33 , 36 and
34 social 35 rhythms
35 rhythms 36 and
36 and 38 activity
36 and 39 .
37 general 38 activity

malondialdehyde ( mda ) levels were measured as a proxy of lipid peroxidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 malondialdehyde 3 mda
2 ( 3 mda
3 mda 4 )
3 mda 5 levels
5 levels 6 were
6 were 7 measured
7 measured 8 as
8 as 10 proxy
9 a 10 proxy
10 proxy 11 of
11 of 13 peroxidation
12 lipid 13 peroxidation

we also measured the activity of total and extracellular superoxide dismutase ( sod ) [,] [catalase] ( cat ) and glutathione s - transferase ( gst ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 3 measured
2 also 3 measured
3 measured 5 activity
4 the 5 activity
5 activity 6 of
6 of 20 and
7 total 8 and
8 and 11 dismutase
8 and 13 sod
8 and 18 cat
8 and 20 and
9 extracellular 10 superoxide
10 superoxide 11 dismutase
12 ( 13 sod
13 sod 14 )
17 ( 18 cat
18 cat 19 )
20 and 21 glutathione
20 and 24 transferase
21 glutathione 22 s
23 - 24 transferase
24 transferase 26 gst
24 transferase 27 )
25 ( 26 gst
26 gst 27 )

multiple linear regressions showed that circadian rhythm disturbance was independently associated with increased lipid peroxidation in females with bd ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 multiple 3 regressions
2 linear 3 regressions
3 regressions 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 8 disturbance
5 that 11 associated
6 circadian 7 rhythm
7 rhythm 8 disturbance
8 disturbance 9 was
9 was 11 associated
10 independently 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 in
12 with 15 peroxidation
13 increased 14 lipid
14 lipid 15 peroxidation
16 in 17 females
17 females 18 with
18 with 19 bd
19 bd 22 <
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.05
22 < 24 )

we found decreased extracellular sod ( p < 0.05 ) , but no differences in total sod , cat or gst activity between bipolar females and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 sod
2 found 19 cat
2 found 20 or
3 decreased 5 sod
4 extracellular 5 sod
5 sod 8 <
5 sod 12 but
6 ( 8 <
7 p 8 <
8 < 9 0.05
8 < 10 )
11 , 12 but
12 but 14 differences
12 but 18 ,
13 no 14 differences
14 differences 15 in
15 in 17 sod
16 total 17 sod
20 or 21 gst
20 or 22 activity
22 activity 23 between
23 between 26 and
24 bipolar 25 females
25 females 26 and
26 and 27 controls

circadian rhythms were not associated with lipid peroxidation in healthy controls , where aging was the only significant predictor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rhythms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
1 circadian 2 rhythms
2 rhythms 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 with
3 were 9 in
4 not 5 associated
6 with 8 peroxidation
7 lipid 8 peroxidation
9 in 11 controls
10 healthy 11 controls
11 controls 13 where
12 , 13 where
13 where 14 aging
13 where 15 was
13 where 20 .
14 aging 15 was
15 was 19 predictor
16 the 17 only
16 the 19 predictor
18 significant 19 predictor

these results suggest an interaction between the circadian system and redox metabolism , in that greater disruption in daily rhythms was associated with increased lipid peroxidation in bd only . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 interaction
3 suggest 6 between
3 suggest 15 that
4 an 5 interaction
6 between 10 and
7 the 9 system
8 circadian 9 system
9 system 10 and
10 and 12 metabolism
11 redox 12 metabolism
13 , 15 that
14 in 15 that
15 that 17 disruption
15 that 22 associated
15 that 30 .
16 greater 17 disruption
17 disruption 18 in
17 disruption 21 was
18 in 20 rhythms
19 daily 20 rhythms
21 was 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
22 associated 27 in
22 associated 29 only
23 with 26 peroxidation
24 increased 25 lipid
25 lipid 26 peroxidation
27 in 28 bd

antioxidant enzymes have been shown to follow a circadian pattern of expression , and it is possible that disturbance of sleep and daily rhythms experienced in bd may result in decreased antioxidant defence and therefore increased lipid peroxidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 enzymes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 antioxidant 2 enzymes
2 enzymes 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 shown
5 shown 6 to
5 shown 16 is
6 to 7 follow
6 to 16 is
7 follow 14 and
8 a 10 pattern
9 circadian 10 pattern
10 pattern 11 of
10 pattern 14 and
11 of 12 expression
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 it
16 is 24 rhythms
17 possible 24 rhythms
18 that 19 disturbance
19 disturbance 20 of
19 disturbance 22 and
20 of 21 sleep
22 and 23 daily
22 and 24 rhythms
24 rhythms 25 experienced
25 experienced 26 in
26 in 27 bd
27 bd 34 and
28 may 29 result
28 may 34 and
29 result 30 in
30 in 33 defence
31 decreased 33 defence
32 antioxidant 33 defence
34 and 36 increased
34 and 38 peroxidation
35 therefore 36 increased
37 lipid 38 peroxidation

this study provides a basis for further investigation of the links between oxidative stress and circadian rhythms in the neurobiology of bd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 basis
3 provides 6 for
3 provides 12 between
3 provides 18 in
4 a 5 basis
6 for 8 investigation
7 further 8 investigation
8 investigation 9 of
9 of 11 links
10 the 11 links
12 between 15 and
13 oxidative 14 stress
14 stress 15 and
15 and 17 rhythms
16 circadian 17 rhythms
18 in 20 neurobiology
19 the 20 neurobiology
20 neurobiology 21 of
21 of 22 bd

background : flow - mediated dilation ( fmd ) following reactive hyperaemia can use different time - point measures for baseline [diameter] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 hyperaemia
2 : 14 use
2 : 17 -
2 : 23 .
3 flow 6 dilation
3 flow 10 following
4 - 6 dilation
5 mediated 6 dilation
6 dilation 8 fmd
6 dilation 9 )
7 ( 8 fmd
8 fmd 9 )
10 following 12 hyperaemia
11 reactive 12 hyperaemia
12 hyperaemia 13 can
13 can 14 use
14 use 16 time
15 different 16 time
17 - 18 point
18 point 19 measures
19 measures 20 for
20 for 21 baseline

the aim of this study is to compare preocclusion , occlusion and postocclusion baseline brachial artery measurements on the calculation of peak fmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 compare
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 12 and
8 compare 18 on
9 preocclusion 10 ,
10 , 11 occlusion
10 , 12 and
12 and 17 measurements
13 postocclusion 17 measurements
14 baseline 17 measurements
15 brachial 16 artery
16 artery 17 measurements
18 on 20 calculation
19 the 20 calculation
20 calculation 21 of
21 of 23 fmd
22 peak 23 fmd

study design : ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery following reactive hyperaemia was conducted in 418 children and 533 adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 study 2 design
3 : 5 imaging
3 : 14 conducted
4 ultrasound 5 imaging
5 imaging 6 of
5 imaging 10 following
5 imaging 13 was
6 of 9 artery
7 the 9 artery
8 brachial 9 artery
10 following 12 hyperaemia
11 reactive 12 hyperaemia
13 was 14 conducted
14 conducted 15 in
15 in 18 and
16 418 17 children
17 children 18 and
18 and 20 adults
19 533 20 adults

baseline brachial artery measures were a 10 - s average before ( preocclusion ) , during [(] occlusion ) [and] [after] ( postocclusion ) [hyperaemia] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 baseline 4 measures
2 brachial 3 artery
3 artery 4 measures
4 measures 5 were
5 were 10 average
6 a 10 average
7 10 8 -
8 - 9 s
8 - 10 average
10 average 11 before
10 average 13 preocclusion
10 average 16 during
10 average 23 postocclusion
12 ( 13 preocclusion
13 preocclusion 14 )
15 , 16 during
16 during 18 occlusion
16 during 19 )
22 ( 23 postocclusion
23 postocclusion 24 )

peak fmd was defined as the greatest percent change from baseline to the peak brachial artery diameter following reactive hyperaemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fmd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 peak 2 fmd
2 fmd 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
5 as 7 greatest
6 the 7 greatest
7 greatest 8 percent
7 greatest 9 change
8 percent 9 change
9 change 10 from
10 from 11 baseline
11 baseline 12 to
11 baseline 18 following
12 to 17 diameter
13 the 17 diameter
14 peak 17 diameter
15 brachial 16 artery
16 artery 17 diameter
18 following 20 hyperaemia
19 reactive 20 hyperaemia

peak fmd values were not significantly different when calculated from preocclusion , occlusion or postocclusion baselines in children ( 6·77 ± 5·78 , 6·93 ± 4·03 versus 7·85 ± 3·62 % , p = 0·208 ) or adults ( 6·07 ± 5·53 , 6·14 ± 3·94 versus 6·62 ± 3·70 % , p = 0·266 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 peak 2 fmd
2 fmd 7 different
2 fmd 12 ,
3 values 4 were
4 were 5 not
5 not 6 significantly
6 significantly 7 different
7 different 8 when
7 different 10 from
8 when 9 calculated
10 from 11 preocclusion
12 , 13 occlusion
12 , 14 or
14 or 16 baselines
14 or 22 5·78
14 or 37 or
15 postocclusion 16 baselines
16 baselines 17 in
17 in 18 children
19 ( 22 5·78
20 6·77 21 ±
21 ± 22 5·78
22 5·78 26 4·03
22 5·78 36 )
23 , 26 4·03
24 6·93 25 ±
25 ± 26 4·03
26 4·03 27 versus
26 4·03 34 =
26 4·03 36 )
27 versus 31 %
28 7·85 30 3·62
29 ± 30 3·62
30 3·62 31 %
32 , 34 =
33 p 34 =
34 = 35 0·208
37 or 38 adults
37 or 42 5·53
37 or 46 3·94
39 ( 42 5·53
40 6·07 42 5·53
41 ± 42 5·53
42 5·53 43 ,
43 , 46 3·94
44 6·14 46 3·94
45 ± 46 3·94
46 3·94 47 versus
46 3·94 54 =
46 3·94 56 )
47 versus 51 %
48 6·62 50 3·70
49 ± 50 3·70
50 3·70 51 %
52 , 54 =
53 p 54 =
54 = 55 0·266

conclusion : we found no difference in fmd regardless of the baseline brachial artery diameter used in children and adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
2 : 21 .
3 we 4 found
4 found 6 difference
4 found 7 in
4 found 10 of
5 no 6 difference
7 in 8 fmd
9 regardless 10 of
10 of 15 diameter
11 the 15 diameter
12 baseline 15 diameter
13 brachial 14 artery
14 artery 15 diameter
15 diameter 16 used
16 used 17 in
17 in 19 and
18 children 19 and
19 and 20 adults

therefore , compilation of data and comparison of results from studies utilizing different measures of baseline [brachial] [diameter] may be able to be conducted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 6 and
3 compilation 4 of
3 compilation 6 and
4 of 5 data
6 and 7 comparison
6 and 15 of
6 and 19 may
7 comparison 8 of
8 of 9 results
9 results 10 from
9 results 12 utilizing
10 from 11 studies
12 utilizing 14 measures
13 different 14 measures
15 of 16 baseline
19 may 20 be
20 be 21 able
21 able 22 to
21 able 23 be
22 to 23 be
23 be 24 conducted

context : sarcopenia is thought to be associated with mitochondrial ( mito ) loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 sarcopenia
2 : 5 thought
2 : 15 .
3 sarcopenia 4 is
4 is 5 thought
5 thought 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 14 loss
10 mitochondrial 12 mito
10 mitochondrial 14 loss
11 ( 12 mito
12 mito 13 )

it is unclear whether the decrease in mito content is consequent to aging per se or to decreased physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 unclear
3 unclear 4 whether
4 whether 6 decrease
4 whether 10 is
5 the 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 in
6 decrease 10 is
7 in 9 content
8 mito 9 content
10 is 11 consequent
11 consequent 16 or
12 to 13 aging
12 to 16 or
13 aging 15 se
14 per 15 se
16 or 17 to
17 to 20 activity
18 decreased 20 activity
19 physical 20 activity

objectives : the objective of the study was to examine the influence of fitness on mito content and function and to assess whether exercise could improve mito function in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 objective
2 : 8 was
2 : 32 .
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 18 and
10 examine 12 influence
10 examine 15 on
10 examine 18 and
11 the 12 influence
12 influence 13 of
13 of 14 fitness
15 on 17 content
16 mito 17 content
18 and 20 and
19 function 20 and
20 and 21 to
20 and 28 function
21 to 22 assess
22 assess 23 whether
23 whether 24 exercise
23 whether 26 improve
24 exercise 25 could
25 could 26 improve
26 improve 27 mito
28 function 29 in
29 in 31 adults
30 older 31 adults

peak oxygen uptake was measured by graded exercise [test] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 uptake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 peak 3 uptake
2 oxygen 3 uptake
3 uptake 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 by
6 by 8 exercise
7 graded 8 exercise

results : peak oxygen uptake was strongly correlated with mitovd in 80 60 - to 80 [-] year - old adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 oxygen
2 : 8 correlated
2 : 19 -
2 : 22 .
3 peak 4 oxygen
4 oxygen 5 uptake
4 oxygen 6 was
4 oxygen 8 correlated
5 uptake 6 was
6 was 7 strongly
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 15 to
9 with 10 mitovd
9 with 13 60
10 mitovd 11 in
11 in 12 80
14 - 15 to
15 to 18 year
15 to 19 -
16 80 18 year
19 - 21 adults
20 old 21 adults

comparison of [chronically] endurance - trained older adults vs s revealed differences in mitovd , atpmax , and some electron transport chain protein complexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 comparison 8 adults
2 of 4 endurance
2 of 5 -
2 of 8 adults
6 trained 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 vs
8 adults 11 revealed
9 vs 10 s
11 revealed 12 differences
11 revealed 13 in
13 in 18 and
14 mitovd 15 ,
15 , 16 atpmax
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 24 complexes
19 some 24 complexes
20 electron 24 complexes
21 transport 22 chain
22 chain 24 complexes
23 protein 24 complexes

finally , exercise intervention confirmed that s subjects are able to recover mitovd , atpmax , and specific transcription factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 intervention
3 exercise 4 intervention
4 intervention 5 confirmed
4 intervention 6 that
4 intervention 8 subjects
4 intervention 9 are
6 that 7 s
6 that 8 subjects
7 s 8 subjects
9 are 20 factors
10 able 11 to
10 able 12 recover
10 able 17 and
11 to 12 recover
12 recover 13 mitovd
13 mitovd 15 atpmax
14 , 15 atpmax
15 atpmax 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 specific
17 and 19 transcription
19 transcription 20 factors

none reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are chemically reactive molecules with impaired electrons that make them unstable and able to react easily with a great variety of molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 none 4 species
1 none 12 with
1 none 13 impaired
2 reactive 4 species
3 oxygen 4 species
4 species 6 ros
4 species 8 are
5 ( 6 ros
6 ros 7 )
8 are 9 chemically
8 are 11 molecules
8 are 12 with
10 reactive 11 molecules
13 impaired 14 electrons
14 electrons 15 that
14 electrons 16 make
15 that 16 make
16 make 17 them
16 make 19 and
18 unstable 19 and
19 and 20 able
20 able 21 to
20 able 22 react
21 to 22 react
22 react 23 easily
22 react 24 with
24 with 27 variety
25 a 26 great
25 a 27 variety
26 great 27 variety
27 variety 28 of
28 of 29 molecules

the main targets of ros are dna , proteins , and membrane phospholipids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 targets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 targets
3 targets 4 of
3 targets 6 are
4 of 5 ros
6 are 11 and
7 dna 8 ,
8 , 9 proteins
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 phospholipids
12 membrane 13 phospholipids

in the skin , ros are able to affect the production of collagen and elastin , the main components of the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ros
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 skin
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 ros
2 the 3 skin
5 ros 6 are
6 are 7 able
7 able 8 to
7 able 9 affect
8 to 9 affect
9 affect 11 production
10 the 11 production
11 production 12 of
11 production 19 components
12 of 14 and
13 collagen 14 and
14 and 15 elastin
16 , 19 components
17 the 19 components
18 main 19 components
19 components 20 of
19 components 26 )
20 of 23 matrix
21 the 23 matrix
22 extracellular 23 matrix
23 matrix 25 ecm
24 ( 25 ecm
25 ecm 26 )

this action contributes to the skin 's aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 action
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 this 2 action
2 action 3 contributes
3 contributes 4 to
4 to 8 aging
5 the 6 skin
6 skin 7 's
7 's 8 aging

n - acetylcysteine ( nac ) is an acetylated cysteine residue with excellent anti - oxidant activity that boosts glutathione ( gsh ) levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 n
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 n 2 -
2 - 5 nac
3 acetylcysteine 5 nac
4 ( 5 nac
5 nac 6 )
5 nac 7 is
7 is 11 residue
8 an 11 residue
9 acetylated 10 cysteine
10 cysteine 11 residue
11 residue 12 with
12 with 17 activity
13 excellent 17 activity
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 activity
16 oxidant 17 activity
17 activity 18 that
17 activity 19 boosts
18 that 19 boosts
19 boosts 24 levels
20 glutathione 22 gsh
20 glutathione 23 )
20 glutathione 24 levels
21 ( 22 gsh
22 gsh 23 )

this study evaluates the effect of a solution of nac and amino acids , which is used in aesthetic medicine as an [intra] [-] dermal injective treatment , on fibroblast behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 evaluates
3 evaluates 11 and
3 evaluates 29 on
4 the 11 and
5 effect 6 of
5 effect 11 and
6 of 8 solution
7 a 8 solution
8 solution 9 of
9 of 10 nac
11 and 13 acids
11 and 15 which
12 amino 13 acids
14 , 15 which
15 which 16 is
15 which 28 ,
16 is 17 used
17 used 18 in
17 used 21 as
18 in 20 medicine
19 aesthetic 20 medicine
21 as 27 treatment
22 an 27 treatment
25 dermal 27 treatment
26 injective 27 treatment
29 on 31 behavior
30 fibroblast 31 behavior

to this aim , the expression levels of some ecm - related genes ( has1 , hyal1 eln , elane , mmp2 , mmp3 , mmp13 , col1a1 , col3a1 ) were analyzed on cultured dermal fibroblasts using real - time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( rt - pcr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 to 2 this
1 to 3 aim
4 , 7 levels
4 , 33 analyzed
5 the 7 levels
6 expression 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
7 levels 20 elane
7 levels 32 were
8 of 10 ecm
9 some 10 ecm
10 ecm 13 genes
11 - 13 genes
12 related 13 genes
13 genes 15 has1
13 genes 16 ,
14 ( 15 has1
15 has1 16 ,
16 , 20 elane
17 hyal1 18 eln
18 eln 20 elane
19 , 20 elane
20 elane 21 ,
20 elane 22 mmp2
20 elane 26 mmp13
20 elane 28 col1a1
20 elane 31 )
21 , 22 mmp2
22 mmp2 24 mmp3
22 mmp2 25 ,
23 , 24 mmp3
24 mmp3 25 ,
25 , 26 mmp13
26 mmp13 27 ,
27 , 28 col1a1
28 col1a1 30 col3a1
28 col1a1 31 )
29 , 30 col3a1
30 col3a1 31 )
32 were 33 analyzed
33 analyzed 34 on
33 analyzed 38 using
34 on 37 fibroblasts
35 cultured 37 fibroblasts
36 dermal 37 fibroblasts
38 using 46 reaction
39 real 40 -
39 real 46 reaction
41 time 42 reverse
42 reverse 43 transcription
43 transcription 46 reaction
44 polymerase 45 chain
45 chain 46 reaction
46 reaction 48 rt
47 ( 48 rt
48 rt 50 pcr
48 rt 51 )
49 - 50 pcr
50 pcr 51 )

all but two collagen genes were up - regulated after 24 hr of treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
1 all 2 but
2 but 3 two
3 two 5 genes
4 collagen 5 genes
5 genes 6 were
6 were 7 up
7 up 9 regulated
8 - 9 regulated
9 regulated 10 after
9 regulated 15 .
10 after 12 hr
11 24 12 hr
12 hr 13 of
13 of 14 treatment

local [intra] - pocket drug delivery devices can provide an effective concentration of the antimicrobial agent at the site of action with avoidance of undesirable side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 devices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 local 3 -
1 local 4 pocket
4 pocket 5 drug
5 drug 7 devices
6 delivery 7 devices
7 devices 8 can
8 can 9 provide
9 provide 12 concentration
9 provide 17 at
9 provide 22 with
10 an 11 effective
10 an 12 concentration
11 effective 12 concentration
12 concentration 13 of
13 of 16 agent
14 the 16 agent
15 antimicrobial 16 agent
17 at 19 site
18 the 19 site
19 site 20 of
20 of 21 action
22 with 23 avoidance
23 avoidance 24 of
24 of 27 effects
25 undesirable 26 side
26 side 27 effects

this study explored the application of chitosan - alginate and chitosan - pectin polyelectrolyte complex ( pec ) films as drug release regulators for tetracycline hcl ( tc ) to treat periodontal pockets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 explored
3 explored 5 application
4 the 5 application
5 application 6 of
6 of 7 chitosan
8 - 10 and
8 - 14 polyelectrolyte
9 alginate 10 and
10 and 13 pectin
10 and 14 polyelectrolyte
11 chitosan 12 -
11 chitosan 13 pectin
14 polyelectrolyte 19 films
14 polyelectrolyte 20 as
15 complex 17 pec
15 complex 19 films
16 ( 17 pec
17 pec 18 )
20 as 23 regulators
21 drug 22 release
22 release 23 regulators
23 regulators 24 for
23 regulators 30 to
24 for 26 hcl
25 tetracycline 26 hcl
26 hcl 28 tc
27 ( 28 tc
28 tc 29 )
30 to 33 pockets
31 treat 33 pockets
32 periodontal 33 pockets

periodontal films with 1:1 tc:pec [ratio] were prepared using 1:1 chitosan ( ch ) to sodium alginate ( a [ )(or 1:3 ch to pectin ( p ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 )(or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 periodontal 2 films
2 films 3 with
2 films 21 )(or
3 with 4 1:1
4 1:1 5 tc:pec
4 1:1 7 were
4 1:1 8 prepared
4 1:1 19 a
5 tc:pec 7 were
8 prepared 9 using
9 using 11 chitosan
9 using 15 to
10 1:1 11 chitosan
11 chitosan 13 ch
12 ( 13 ch
13 ch 14 )
15 to 17 alginate
16 sodium 17 alginate
18 ( 19 a
21 )(or 23 ch
21 )(or 24 to
22 1:3 23 ch
24 to 25 pectin
25 pectin 27 p
26 ( 27 p
27 p 28 )

the scanning electron microscope showed acceptable film [appearance] and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed complex formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 microscope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 4 microscope
2 scanning 3 electron
3 electron 4 microscope
4 microscope 5 showed
5 showed 7 film
6 acceptable 7 film
9 and 13 analysis
9 and 14 confirmed
10 differential 11 scanning
11 scanning 13 analysis
12 calorimetry 13 analysis
13 analysis 14 confirmed
14 confirmed 16 formation
15 complex 16 formation

[the] in vitro release studies for both films showed a burst drug release , followed by prolonged [release] for 70 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 in 3 vitro
3 vitro 5 studies
4 release 5 studies
5 studies 6 for
5 studies 14 ,
6 for 8 films
7 both 8 films
9 showed 13 release
9 showed 14 ,
10 a 13 release
11 burst 13 release
12 drug 13 release
14 , 15 followed
15 followed 16 by
15 followed 17 prolonged
17 prolonged 19 for
19 for 21 h
20 70 21 h

a prolonged antibacterial activity of both films against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538 was observed over a period of 21 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 films
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
1 a 4 activity
2 prolonged 4 activity
3 antibacterial 4 activity
4 activity 5 of
4 activity 7 films
5 of 6 both
7 films 8 against
8 against 9 staphylococcus
10 aureus 11 atcc
10 aureus 13 was
10 aureus 14 observed
11 atcc 12 6538
11 atcc 13 was
14 observed 15 over
14 observed 21 .
15 over 17 period
16 a 17 period
17 period 18 of
18 of 20 days
19 21 20 days

aging studies indicated that the five months storage period [in] freezer did not significantly influence the drug release profile or the antibacterial activity of both films . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 aging 2 studies
1 aging 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 11 freezer
4 that 15 influence
5 the 11 freezer
6 five 7 months
7 months 9 period
8 storage 9 period
9 period 11 freezer
11 freezer 12 did
12 did 13 not
12 did 15 influence
14 significantly 15 influence
15 influence 19 profile
16 the 19 profile
17 drug 19 profile
18 release 19 profile
20 or 23 activity
20 or 26 films
21 the 23 activity
22 antibacterial 23 activity
23 activity 24 of
23 activity 26 films
24 of 25 both

clinical [evaluation] showed a significant reduction in pocket depth ( p < 0.0001 ) to their normal values ( ≤3 [mm] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 clinical 3 showed
3 showed 6 reduction
3 showed 7 in
3 showed 15 to
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 reduction
5 significant 6 reduction
7 in 9 depth
8 pocket 9 depth
9 depth 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.0001
12 < 14 )
15 to 18 values
16 their 18 values
17 normal 18 values
18 values 20 ≤3
19 ( 20 ≤3
20 ≤3 22 )

pec films could be exploited as a prolonged drug release devices for treatment of periodontal pockets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pec
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exploited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 pec 2 films
1 pec 4 be
1 pec 5 exploited
2 films 3 could
3 could 4 be
5 exploited 6 as
5 exploited 11 devices
6 as 9 drug
7 a 9 drug
8 prolonged 9 drug
10 release 11 devices
11 devices 12 for
12 for 13 treatment
13 treatment 14 of
14 of 16 pockets
15 periodontal 16 pockets

objectives : to examine differences in a proxy measure of muscle quality across the adult life span and explore potential mechanisms of muscle quality change through identification of cross [-] sectional [correlates] [of] muscle quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 18 and
3 to 18 and
4 examine 5 differences
4 examine 18 and
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 10 of
5 differences 13 across
6 in 9 measure
7 a 9 measure
8 proxy 9 measure
10 of 12 quality
11 muscle 12 quality
13 across 17 span
14 the 17 span
15 adult 17 span
16 life 17 span
18 and 19 explore
18 and 26 through
19 explore 21 mechanisms
20 potential 21 mechanisms
21 mechanisms 22 of
22 of 25 change
23 muscle 25 change
24 quality 25 change
26 through 27 identification
27 identification 28 of
28 of 35 quality
29 cross 35 quality
31 sectional 34 muscle
34 muscle 35 quality

design : cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 study
5 sectional 6 study

setting : baltimore longitudinal study of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 baltimore 4 longitudinal
4 longitudinal 5 study
5 study 6 of
6 of 7 aging

participants : seven hundred eighty - six individuals with a mean age of 66.3 ( range 26 - 96 ) ( n = 786 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 5 eighty
3 seven 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 eighty
5 eighty 8 individuals
6 - 8 individuals
7 six 8 individuals
8 individuals 9 with
8 individuals 13 of
8 individuals 25 )
9 with 12 age
10 a 12 age
11 mean 12 age
13 of 14 66.3
14 66.3 16 range
15 ( 16 range
16 range 17 26
16 range 19 96
16 range 23 =
16 range 25 )
18 - 19 96
19 96 20 )
21 ( 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 24 786
23 = 25 )

a sensitivity analysis was conducted in a subset of participants matched according to sex , muscle mass , and body size . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 3 analysis
2 sensitivity 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 in
5 conducted 13 to
6 in 8 subset
7 a 8 subset
8 subset 9 of
9 of 10 participants
10 participants 11 matched
12 according 13 to
13 to 19 and
14 sex 15 ,
15 , 17 mass
15 , 19 and
16 muscle 17 mass
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 size
20 body 21 size

measurements : muscle quality was operationalized as the ratio of knee [-] extension strength ( isokinetic dynamometry ) to thigh muscle [cross] - sectional area ( computed tomography ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 quality
2 : 6 operationalized
2 : 30 .
3 muscle 4 quality
4 quality 5 was
5 was 6 operationalized
6 operationalized 7 as
7 as 9 ratio
8 the 9 ratio
9 ratio 10 of
9 ratio 19 to
9 ratio 25 area
10 of 14 strength
11 knee 13 extension
13 extension 14 strength
14 strength 17 dynamometry
15 ( 17 dynamometry
16 isokinetic 17 dynamometry
17 dynamometry 18 )
19 to 21 muscle
20 thigh 21 muscle
23 - 25 area
24 sectional 25 area
25 area 28 tomography
25 area 29 )
26 ( 28 tomography
27 computed 28 tomography
28 tomography 29 )

differences in muscle strength , muscle area , and muscle quality ratio with age [were] evaluated , and the association between the muscle quality ratio and measures reflecting domains of cognitive function , motor control , peripheral nerve function , adiposity , glucose homeostasis , and inflammation were assessed through multivariate regression analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 9 and
2 in 4 strength
3 muscle 4 strength
4 strength 7 area
5 , 7 area
6 muscle 7 area
7 area 8 ,
9 and 12 ratio
9 and 13 with
10 muscle 12 ratio
11 quality 12 ratio
13 with 18 and
14 age 16 evaluated
14 age 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 association
18 and 28 reflecting
19 the 20 association
20 association 21 between
21 between 26 and
22 the 25 ratio
23 muscle 25 ratio
24 quality 25 ratio
25 ratio 26 and
26 and 27 measures
28 reflecting 29 domains
29 domains 30 of
30 of 38 nerve
31 cognitive 36 ,
31 cognitive 38 nerve
32 function 35 control
33 , 35 control
34 motor 35 control
35 control 36 ,
37 peripheral 38 nerve
38 nerve 43 glucose
39 function 41 adiposity
40 , 41 adiposity
41 adiposity 42 ,
42 , 43 glucose
43 glucose 46 and
43 glucose 48 were
43 glucose 49 assessed
43 glucose 54 .
44 homeostasis 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 inflammation
46 and 48 were
49 assessed 50 through
50 through 53 analyses
51 multivariate 53 analyses
52 regression 53 analyses

results : a linear relationship between age and muscle quality ratio was observed , suggesting a gradual decline in muscle quality over the adult life course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 relationship
2 : 13 observed
3 a 4 linear
3 a 5 relationship
4 linear 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 between
5 relationship 12 was
6 between 8 and
7 age 8 and
8 and 11 ratio
9 muscle 11 ratio
10 quality 11 ratio
12 was 13 observed
13 observed 15 suggesting
14 , 15 suggesting
15 suggesting 18 decline
15 suggesting 19 in
15 suggesting 22 over
15 suggesting 27 .
16 a 17 gradual
16 a 18 decline
17 gradual 18 decline
19 in 21 quality
20 muscle 21 quality
22 over 26 course
23 the 26 course
24 adult 26 course
25 life 26 course

associations were observed between muscle quality [ratio] and measures of adiposity , as well as peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity , finger tapping speed , and memory performance ( p < [.] 01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 observed
1 associations 2 were
2 were 3 observed
3 observed 4 between
3 observed 15 as
4 between 8 and
5 muscle 6 quality
6 quality 8 and
8 and 9 measures
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 adiposity
12 , 15 as
13 as 14 well
14 well 15 as
15 as 20 velocity
15 as 35 .
16 peroneal 20 velocity
17 nerve 18 motor
18 motor 19 conduction
19 conduction 20 velocity
20 velocity 26 and
21 , 26 and
22 finger 23 tapping
23 tapping 24 speed
24 speed 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 performance
26 and 31 <
26 and 34 )
27 memory 28 performance
29 ( 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 33 01

the association [between] muscle quality ratio and nerve conduction velocity was maintained after adjustment for anthropometric measurements ( p < [.] 05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 6 ratio
2 association 6 ratio
4 muscle 6 ratio
5 quality 6 ratio
6 ratio 7 and
7 and 8 nerve
9 conduction 10 velocity
9 conduction 11 was
9 conduction 12 maintained
10 velocity 11 was
12 maintained 13 after
12 maintained 23 )
13 after 14 adjustment
14 adjustment 15 for
15 for 17 measurements
16 anthropometric 17 measurements
17 measurements 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 22 05

conclusion : muscle quality declines progressively with age over the adult life span and is affected by obesity and neurological factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 quality
2 : 14 and
3 muscle 4 quality
4 quality 14 and
5 declines 6 progressively
5 declines 7 with
5 declines 9 over
5 declines 14 and
7 with 8 age
9 over 13 span
10 the 13 span
11 adult 12 life
12 life 13 span
14 and 15 is
14 and 17 by
15 is 16 affected
17 by 19 and
18 obesity 19 and
19 and 21 factors
20 neurological 21 factors

studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these associations and their implications for functional outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 studies 2 are
2 are 3 needed
3 needed 4 to
4 to 5 clarify
5 clarify 7 mechanisms
6 the 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 8 of
8 of 11 and
9 these 10 associations
10 associations 11 and
11 and 13 implications
11 and 14 for
12 their 13 implications
14 for 16 outcomes
15 functional 16 outcomes

the discrimination of interaural phase differences ( ipds ) requires accurate binaural temporal processing and has been used as a measure of sensitivity to temporal [envelope] and temporal fine structure ( tfs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discrimination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 discrimination
2 discrimination 3 of
2 discrimination 8 ipds
2 discrimination 15 and
3 of 6 differences
4 interaural 5 phase
5 phase 6 differences
7 ( 8 ipds
8 ipds 9 )
10 requires 14 processing
10 requires 15 and
11 accurate 14 processing
12 binaural 14 processing
13 temporal 14 processing
15 and 16 has
15 and 19 as
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 used
19 as 23 sensitivity
20 a 21 measure
21 measure 22 of
21 measure 23 sensitivity
22 of 23 sensitivity
23 sensitivity 24 to
23 sensitivity 32 tfs
24 to 30 structure
25 temporal 27 and
27 and 28 temporal
27 and 30 structure
29 fine 30 structure
31 ( 32 tfs
32 tfs 33 )

previous studies found that tfs - ipd discrimination declined with age and with sensorineural hearing loss ( snhl ) , but age and snhl have often been confounded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 8 discrimination
4 that 9 declined
5 tfs 7 ipd
6 - 7 ipd
7 ipd 8 discrimination
8 discrimination 9 declined
9 declined 12 and
10 with 11 age
10 with 12 and
12 and 13 with
13 with 16 loss
14 sensorineural 15 hearing
15 hearing 16 loss
16 loss 18 snhl
17 ( 18 snhl
18 snhl 19 )
20 , 21 but
21 but 23 and
21 but 28 confounded
22 age 23 and
23 and 24 snhl
23 and 25 have
25 have 27 been
26 often 27 been
27 been 28 confounded

the aim of this study was to determine the independent contributions of age and snhl to tfs and envelope ipd discrimination by using a sample of adults with a wide range of ages and snhl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 11 contributions
8 determine 16 to
8 determine 22 by
8 determine 28 with
9 the 11 contributions
10 independent 11 contributions
11 contributions 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 age 14 and
14 and 15 snhl
16 to 18 and
17 tfs 18 and
18 and 21 discrimination
19 envelope 21 discrimination
20 ipd 21 discrimination
22 by 23 using
23 using 25 sample
24 a 25 sample
25 sample 26 of
26 of 27 adults
28 with 31 range
29 a 30 wide
29 a 31 range
30 wide 31 range
31 range 32 of
32 of 34 and
33 ages 34 and
34 and 35 snhl

a [two] - interval , two - alternative forced [-] choice procedure was used to measure ipd discrimination thresholds for 20 - [hz] amplitude - modulated tones with carrier frequencies of 250 or 500 hz when the ipd was in either the stimulus envelope or tfs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 a 3 -
3 - 4 interval
5 , 6 two
5 , 7 -
7 - 11 choice
8 alternative 9 forced
9 forced 11 choice
11 choice 12 procedure
11 choice 26 modulated
12 procedure 13 was
13 was 14 used
14 used 15 to
14 used 26 modulated
15 to 16 measure
16 measure 17 ipd
18 discrimination 19 thresholds
19 thresholds 20 for
19 thresholds 24 amplitude
19 thresholds 26 modulated
20 for 21 20
22 - 24 amplitude
24 amplitude 25 -
26 modulated 27 tones
27 tones 28 with
28 with 30 frequencies
29 carrier 30 frequencies
30 frequencies 31 of
30 frequencies 36 when
31 of 35 hz
32 250 33 or
33 or 34 500
33 or 35 hz
36 when 38 ipd
36 when 39 was
37 the 38 ipd
38 ipd 39 was
39 was 40 in
40 in 45 or
41 either 45 or
42 the 44 envelope
43 stimulus 44 envelope
44 envelope 45 or
45 or 46 tfs

there were positive correlations between absolute thresholds and tfs - ipd thresholds , but not envelope [-] ipd thresholds , when age was accounted for . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 correlations
2 were 5 between
3 positive 4 correlations
5 between 8 and
6 absolute 7 thresholds
7 thresholds 8 and
8 and 9 tfs
8 and 21 when
9 tfs 12 thresholds
10 - 12 thresholds
11 ipd 12 thresholds
12 thresholds 14 but
12 thresholds 20 ,
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 not
14 but 19 thresholds
14 but 20 ,
16 envelope 19 thresholds
18 ipd 19 thresholds
21 when 22 age
21 when 25 for
22 age 23 was
23 was 25 for
24 accounted 25 for

this supports the idea that snhl affects tfs processing independently to age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 supports
2 supports 4 idea
3 the 4 idea
4 idea 5 that
4 idea 9 processing
4 idea 11 to
5 that 6 snhl
5 that 7 affects
6 snhl 7 affects
7 affects 8 tfs
8 tfs 9 processing
9 processing 10 independently
11 to 12 age

age was positively correlated with envelope [-] ipd thresholds at both carrier frequencies and tfs - ipd thresholds at 500 hz , when absolute thresholds were accounted for . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 age 2 was
2 was 3 positively
2 was 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
4 correlated 23 when
5 with 9 thresholds
6 envelope 9 thresholds
8 ipd 9 thresholds
9 thresholds 10 at
10 at 14 and
11 both 14 and
12 carrier 13 frequencies
13 frequencies 14 and
14 and 15 tfs
15 tfs 18 thresholds
16 - 18 thresholds
17 ipd 18 thresholds
18 thresholds 19 at
18 thresholds 22 ,
19 at 21 hz
20 500 21 hz
23 when 25 thresholds
23 when 28 for
24 absolute 25 thresholds
25 thresholds 26 were
26 were 28 for
27 accounted 28 for

these results suggest that age negatively affects the binaural processing of envelope [and] tfs at some frequencies independently of snhl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 age
4 that 7 affects
5 age 7 affects
6 negatively 7 affects
7 affects 10 processing
7 affects 15 at
7 affects 18 independently
8 the 10 processing
9 binaural 10 processing
10 processing 11 of
11 of 14 tfs
12 envelope 14 tfs
15 at 17 frequencies
16 some 17 frequencies
18 independently 19 of
19 of 20 snhl

objective : to investigate the effectiveness of recent social therapeutic interventions to reduce loneliness in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 effectiveness
4 investigate 12 to
5 the 6 effectiveness
6 effectiveness 7 of
7 of 11 interventions
8 recent 11 interventions
9 social 11 interventions
10 therapeutic 11 interventions
12 to 13 reduce
13 reduce 14 loneliness
13 reduce 15 in
15 in 17 people
16 older 17 people

method : to examine this matter , a literature review , using seven databases , was undertaken using search terms relating to the themes of ageing , loneliness and social support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 matter
4 examine 17 undertaken
5 this 6 matter
6 matter 10 review
6 matter 16 was
7 , 10 review
8 a 10 review
9 literature 10 review
10 review 12 using
10 review 15 ,
11 , 12 using
12 using 14 databases
12 using 15 ,
13 seven 14 databases
16 was 17 undertaken
17 undertaken 18 using
18 using 20 terms
18 using 22 to
19 search 20 terms
20 terms 21 relating
22 to 29 and
23 the 24 themes
24 themes 25 of
24 themes 27 ,
25 of 26 ageing
27 , 28 loneliness
27 , 29 and
29 and 31 support
30 social 31 support

a total of 17 relevant studies relating to loneliness interventions were analysed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 11 were
3 of 6 studies
4 17 6 studies
5 relevant 6 studies
6 studies 7 relating
7 relating 8 to
8 to 10 interventions
9 loneliness 10 interventions
11 were 12 analysed

results : three studies reporting on new technologies and one on a group work intervention identified significant reductions in loneliness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 studies
3 three 4 studies
4 studies 5 reporting
5 reporting 6 on
6 on 8 technologies
7 new 8 technologies
9 and 10 one
9 and 16 identified
10 one 11 on
10 one 16 identified
11 on 15 intervention
12 a 15 intervention
13 group 15 intervention
14 work 15 intervention
16 identified 18 reductions
16 identified 19 in
17 significant 18 reductions
19 in 20 loneliness

conclusion : further research into interventions using new technologies to reduce loneliness in older people is recommended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 research
2 : 17 recommended
2 : 18 .
3 further 4 research
4 research 5 into
4 research 7 using
4 research 16 is
5 into 6 interventions
7 using 9 technologies
7 using 10 to
7 using 11 reduce
8 new 9 technologies
10 to 11 reduce
11 reduce 12 loneliness
11 reduce 13 in
13 in 15 people
14 older 15 people
16 is 17 recommended

significance : impairment of the ubiquitin - proteasome [system] ( ups ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders , including alzheimer 's , parkinson 's , and huntington 's diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 impairment
2 : 15 implicated
3 impairment 4 of
3 impairment 8 proteasome
3 impairment 13 has
4 of 6 ubiquitin
5 the 6 ubiquitin
7 - 8 proteasome
8 proteasome 11 ups
8 proteasome 12 )
10 ( 11 ups
11 ups 12 )
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 implicated
15 implicated 16 in
16 in 18 pathogenesis
17 the 18 pathogenesis
18 pathogenesis 19 of
19 of 34 and
20 a 21 wide
20 a 22 variety
21 wide 22 variety
22 variety 23 of
22 variety 34 and
23 of 25 disorders
24 neurodegenerative 25 disorders
25 disorders 27 including
25 disorders 32 's
26 , 27 including
27 including 29 's
27 including 30 ,
28 alzheimer 29 's
30 , 32 's
31 parkinson 32 's
32 's 33 ,
34 and 37 diseases
35 huntington 36 's
36 's 37 diseases

the most significant risk factor for the development of these disorders is aging , which is associated with a progressive decline in ups activity and the accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 5 factor
2 most 3 significant
3 significant 5 factor
4 risk 5 factor
5 factor 6 for
5 factor 12 is
6 for 8 development
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
9 of 11 disorders
10 these 11 disorders
12 is 13 aging
14 , 15 which
14 , 17 associated
15 which 16 is
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 22 in
18 with 21 decline
19 a 20 progressive
19 a 21 decline
20 progressive 21 decline
22 in 25 and
23 ups 24 activity
24 activity 25 and
25 and 27 accumulation
25 and 28 of
26 the 27 accumulation
28 of 31 proteins
29 oxidatively 30 modified
30 modified 31 proteins

to date , no therapies have been developed that [can] specifically up - regulate this system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 to 2 date
3 , 5 therapies
3 , 8 developed
3 , 13 -
4 no 5 therapies
5 therapies 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 developed
8 developed 11 specifically
8 developed 12 up
9 that 11 specifically
13 - 14 regulate
13 - 17 .
14 regulate 16 system
15 this 16 system

recent advances : in the neurodegenerative brain , dysfunction of the ups has been associated with the deposition of ubiquitinated protein aggregates and widespread disruption of the proteostasis network . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 recent 2 advances
3 : 9 dysfunction
3 : 15 associated
4 in 7 brain
4 in 8 ,
4 in 9 dysfunction
5 the 7 brain
6 neurodegenerative 7 brain
9 dysfunction 10 of
9 dysfunction 13 has
10 of 12 ups
11 the 12 ups
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 23 and
17 the 18 deposition
18 deposition 19 of
18 deposition 23 and
19 of 22 aggregates
20 ubiquitinated 21 protein
21 protein 22 aggregates
23 and 25 disruption
24 widespread 25 disruption
25 disruption 26 of
26 of 29 network
27 the 29 network
28 proteostasis 29 network

recent research has identified further evidence of impairment in substrate ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation , which could contribute to the loss of cellular proteostasis in neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 recent 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 identified
4 identified 6 evidence
4 identified 9 in
5 further 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 of
7 of 8 impairment
9 in 12 and
10 substrate 11 ubiquitination
11 ubiquitination 12 and
12 and 14 degradation
13 proteasomal 14 degradation
15 , 16 which
15 , 18 contribute
16 which 17 could
17 could 18 contribute
18 contribute 19 to
18 contribute 25 in
19 to 21 loss
20 the 21 loss
21 loss 22 of
22 of 24 proteostasis
23 cellular 24 proteostasis
25 in 27 disease
26 neurodegenerative 27 disease

novel strategies for activation of the ups by genetic manipulation and treatment with synthetic compounds have also recently been identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 novel 2 strategies
2 strategies 3 for
2 strategies 5 of
2 strategies 16 have
3 for 4 activation
5 of 7 ups
6 the 7 ups
7 ups 8 by
7 ups 13 with
8 by 11 and
9 genetic 10 manipulation
10 manipulation 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
13 with 15 compounds
14 synthetic 15 compounds
16 have 19 been
17 also 19 been
18 recently 19 been
19 been 20 identified

critical issues : here , we discuss the specific roles of the ups in the healthy central nervous system and establish how dysfunctional components can contribute to neurotoxicity in the context of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 critical 2 issues
2 issues 3 :
3 : 4 here
5 , 6 we
5 , 20 and
6 we 20 and
7 discuss 10 roles
7 discuss 14 in
7 discuss 20 and
8 the 10 roles
9 specific 10 roles
10 roles 11 of
11 of 13 ups
12 the 13 ups
14 in 19 system
15 the 19 system
16 healthy 19 system
17 central 19 system
18 nervous 19 system
20 and 21 establish
20 and 27 to
20 and 29 in
21 establish 22 how
22 how 24 components
22 how 26 contribute
23 dysfunctional 24 components
24 components 25 can
25 can 26 contribute
27 to 28 neurotoxicity
29 in 31 context
30 the 31 context
31 context 32 of
32 of 33 disease

future directions : knowledge of the ups components that are specifically [or] preferentially involved in neurodegenerative disease will be critical in the development of targeted therapies which aim at limiting the accumulation of misfolded proteins without gross disturbance of this major proteolytic pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 directions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 future 2 directions
3 : 4 knowledge
3 : 34 misfolded
3 : 44 .
4 knowledge 5 of
4 knowledge 34 misfolded
5 of 8 components
6 the 8 components
7 ups 8 components
8 components 9 that
8 components 10 are
9 that 10 are
10 are 11 specifically
10 are 14 involved
13 preferentially 14 involved
14 involved 15 in
15 in 17 disease
16 neurodegenerative 17 disease
17 disease 18 will
17 disease 33 of
18 will 19 be
19 be 20 critical
20 critical 21 in
20 critical 29 at
20 critical 33 of
21 in 23 development
22 the 23 development
23 development 24 of
24 of 26 therapies
25 targeted 26 therapies
26 therapies 27 which
26 therapies 28 aim
27 which 28 aim
29 at 30 limiting
30 limiting 32 accumulation
31 the 32 accumulation
34 misfolded 35 proteins
34 misfolded 36 without
36 without 38 disturbance
37 gross 38 disturbance
38 disturbance 39 of
39 of 43 pathway
40 this 43 pathway
41 major 43 pathway
42 proteolytic 43 pathway

introduction : population aging is a worldwide phenomenon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 population
2 : 5 is
2 : 9 .
3 population 4 aging
3 population 5 is
5 is 8 phenomenon
6 a 7 worldwide
6 a 8 phenomenon
7 worldwide 8 phenomenon

as a response , the world health organization ( who ) introduced the concept of ['] age - friendliness ['] in 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 who
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 introduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 as 3 response
1 as 4 ,
1 as 10 who
2 a 3 response
5 the 10 who
6 world 7 health
7 health 8 organization
8 organization 10 who
9 ( 10 who
10 who 11 )
10 who 12 introduced
12 introduced 14 concept
13 the 14 concept
14 concept 15 of
15 of 17 age
18 - 19 friendliness
19 friendliness 21 in
21 in 22 2006

age - friendliness is defined in terms of a range of domains , such as housing , opportunities for participation , and transportation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 friendliness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 3 friendliness
3 friendliness 4 is
4 is 5 defined
5 defined 6 in
6 in 7 terms
7 terms 8 of
8 of 22 and
9 a 10 range
10 range 11 of
10 range 22 and
11 of 12 domains
12 domains 15 as
12 domains 18 opportunities
13 , 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 16 housing
15 as 17 ,
17 , 18 opportunities
18 opportunities 19 for
18 opportunities 21 ,
19 for 20 participation
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 transportation

communities that accommodate the needs of older adults in these domains will , it is thought , promote healthy , active aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 communities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 communities 2 that
1 communities 3 accommodate
1 communities 12 will
2 that 3 accommodate
3 accommodate 5 needs
3 accommodate 9 in
4 the 5 needs
5 needs 6 of
6 of 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
9 in 11 domains
10 these 11 domains
12 will 18 promote
13 , 16 thought
14 it 15 is
15 is 16 thought
16 thought 17 ,
16 thought 18 promote
18 promote 22 aging
19 healthy 20 ,
19 healthy 22 aging
21 active 22 aging

the purpose of the present study was to examine communities ' age - friendliness and its relationship to health - related outcomes in a rural context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 21 related
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
5 present 6 study
5 present 9 examine
5 present 15 and
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 12 age
10 communities 11 '
11 ' 12 age
13 - 15 and
14 friendliness 15 and
15 and 17 relationship
15 and 18 to
15 and 20 -
16 its 17 relationship
18 to 19 health
21 related 22 outcomes
22 outcomes 23 in
23 in 26 context
24 a 26 context
25 rural 26 context

methods : the study included 29 communities located in manitoba , a mid - western canadian province , that are part of the province of manitoba 's age - friendly manitoba initiative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 29 -
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 communities
6 29 7 communities
7 communities 8 located
7 communities 9 in
7 communities 19 that
7 communities 20 are
7 communities 22 of
9 in 10 manitoba
10 manitoba 17 province
11 , 17 province
12 a 17 province
13 mid 14 -
13 mid 15 western
15 western 16 canadian
16 canadian 17 province
17 province 18 ,
19 that 20 are
20 are 21 part
22 of 24 province
23 the 24 province
24 province 25 of
25 of 28 age
26 manitoba 27 's
27 's 28 age
29 - 32 initiative
30 friendly 31 manitoba
31 manitoba 32 initiative

as part of a needs assessment process in these communities , 593 individuals , including seniors and younger adults , completed an age - friendly survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 completed
1 as 2 part
1 as 7 process
2 part 3 of
3 of 6 assessment
4 a 6 assessment
5 needs 6 assessment
7 process 8 in
7 process 13 individuals
7 process 21 completed
8 in 10 communities
9 these 10 communities
11 , 13 individuals
12 593 13 individuals
13 individuals 15 including
13 individuals 20 ,
14 , 15 including
15 including 17 and
15 including 20 ,
16 seniors 17 and
17 and 19 adults
18 younger 19 adults
21 completed 23 age
22 an 23 age
23 age 26 survey
24 - 26 survey
25 friendly 26 survey
26 survey 27 .

the survey was designed to measure a variety of features in seven domains ( the physical environment , housing options , the social environment , opportunities for participation , community supports and healthcare services , transportation options , and communication and information ) , as well as containing measures of life satisfaction and self - perceived health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 survey
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 designed
1 the 2 survey
2 survey 3 was
3 was 4 designed
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 6 measure
5 to 6 measure
6 measure 8 variety
6 measure 11 in
6 measure 45 as
7 a 8 variety
8 variety 9 of
9 of 10 features
11 in 13 domains
12 seven 13 domains
13 domains 17 environment
13 domains 19 housing
13 domains 24 environment
13 domains 26 opportunities
14 ( 17 environment
15 the 17 environment
16 physical 17 environment
17 environment 18 ,
18 , 19 housing
19 housing 20 options
19 housing 21 ,
21 , 24 environment
22 the 24 environment
23 social 24 environment
24 environment 25 ,
25 , 26 opportunities
26 opportunities 27 for
26 opportunities 41 and
26 opportunities 44 ,
27 for 32 and
28 participation 29 ,
29 , 31 supports
29 , 32 and
30 community 31 supports
32 and 34 services
33 healthcare 34 services
35 , 41 and
36 transportation 37 options
37 options 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 communication
39 and 41 and
41 and 42 information
41 and 43 )
45 as 53 and
46 well 47 as
46 well 53 and
47 as 49 measures
48 containing 49 measures
49 measures 50 of
50 of 52 satisfaction
51 life 52 satisfaction
53 and 54 self
53 and 55 -
53 and 57 health
55 - 57 health
56 perceived 57 health
57 health 58 .

community characteristics were derived from census data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 community 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 were
3 were 4 derived
4 derived 5 from
5 from 7 data
6 census 7 data

moreover , communities were categorized [on] [a] [rural] - urban [continuum] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 communities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 communities
3 communities 4 were
4 were 5 categorized
5 categorized 9 -
5 categorized 10 urban

results : multi - level regressions indicated that an overall age - friendly index was positively related to [both] life satisfaction ( b=0.019 , p<0.0001 ) and self - perceived health ( b=0.013 , p<0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 27 and
3 multi 12 -
3 multi 27 and
4 - 12 -
5 level 6 regressions
6 regressions 7 indicated
7 indicated 8 that
8 that 11 age
8 that 12 -
9 an 10 overall
9 an 11 age
10 overall 11 age
11 age 12 -
12 - 13 friendly
12 - 26 )
13 friendly 14 index
13 friendly 15 was
13 friendly 17 related
14 index 15 was
16 positively 17 related
17 related 18 to
18 to 21 satisfaction
20 life 21 satisfaction
21 satisfaction 23 b=0.019
21 satisfaction 25 p<0.0001
22 ( 23 b=0.019
23 b=0.019 24 ,
24 , 25 p<0.0001
25 p<0.0001 26 )
27 and 28 self
29 - 31 health
30 perceived 31 health
31 health 35 p<0.01
32 ( 35 p<0.01
33 b=0.013 34 ,
33 b=0.013 35 p<0.01
35 p<0.01 36 )

when examining more specifically each of the seven age - friendly domains , all but housing was positively related to life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 when 2 examining
1 when 13 ,
1 when 14 all
2 examining 4 specifically
2 examining 5 each
3 more 4 specifically
5 each 6 of
6 of 9 age
7 the 9 age
8 seven 9 age
9 age 12 domains
10 - 12 domains
11 friendly 12 domains
12 domains 13 ,
14 all 15 but
14 all 17 was
15 but 16 housing
17 was 19 related
18 positively 19 related
19 related 20 to
20 to 22 satisfaction
21 life 22 satisfaction

results were not as consistent for self [-] perceived health , with significant relationships emerging only for the physical environment , social environment , opportunities for participation , and transportation options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 were
2 were 3 not
2 were 5 consistent
4 as 5 consistent
5 consistent 6 for
5 consistent 12 with
6 for 10 health
7 self 9 perceived
9 perceived 10 health
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 relationships
12 with 17 for
12 with 21 ,
13 significant 14 relationships
14 relationships 15 emerging
15 emerging 16 only
17 for 20 environment
18 the 20 environment
19 physical 20 environment
21 , 23 environment
21 , 24 ,
22 social 23 environment
24 , 29 and
25 opportunities 26 for
25 opportunities 29 and
26 for 27 participation
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 options
30 transportation 31 options

a subsequent analysis for seniors versus younger participants , respectively , indicated that significant relationships between age - friendly domains and life satisfaction and self - perceived health were restricted primarily to seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 2 subsequent
1 a 3 analysis
2 subsequent 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 for
3 analysis 12 indicated
4 for 5 seniors
5 seniors 6 versus
6 versus 8 participants
7 younger 8 participants
9 , 10 respectively
10 respectively 11 ,
10 respectively 12 indicated
12 indicated 13 that
13 that 15 relationships
13 that 27 perceived
14 significant 15 relationships
15 relationships 16 between
15 relationships 27 perceived
16 between 17 age
17 age 24 and
18 - 24 and
19 friendly 20 domains
20 domains 21 and
21 and 23 satisfaction
21 and 24 and
22 life 23 satisfaction
24 and 25 self
24 and 26 -
27 perceived 28 health
27 perceived 30 restricted
28 health 29 were
29 were 30 restricted
30 restricted 31 primarily
31 primarily 32 to
32 to 33 seniors

none of the community characteristics were related to life satisfaction and self - perceived health , nor was degree [of] rurality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 5 characteristics
2 of 5 characteristics
3 the 5 characteristics
4 community 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 were
6 were 17 nor
7 related 8 to
7 related 17 nor
8 to 11 and
9 life 10 satisfaction
10 satisfaction 11 and
11 and 12 self
11 and 15 health
13 - 15 health
14 perceived 15 health
15 health 16 ,
17 nor 18 was
18 was 21 rurality
19 degree 21 rurality

conclusions : the concept of age - friendliness has been garnering considerable attention from policy - makers as a way to promote healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 concept
3 the 4 concept
4 concept 5 of
5 of 6 age
7 - 8 friendliness
7 - 10 been
7 - 16 -
7 - 25 .
8 friendliness 9 has
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 garnering
11 garnering 13 attention
11 garnering 14 from
12 considerable 13 attention
14 from 15 policy
16 - 17 makers
17 makers 18 as
18 as 20 way
19 a 20 way
20 way 21 to
20 way 22 promote
21 to 22 promote
22 promote 24 aging
23 healthy 24 aging

for example , in canada , several provinces have launched age - friendly initiatives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provinces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 launched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 8 provinces
3 , 4 in
4 in 5 canada
4 in 6 ,
4 in 8 provinces
7 several 8 provinces
8 provinces 9 have
9 have 10 launched
10 launched 11 age
12 - 14 initiatives
12 - 15 .
13 friendly 14 initiatives

although causality cannot be inferred from the present , cross - sectional study , the findings are encouraging as they show that age - friendliness is associated with enhanced life satisfaction and self - perceived health in a rural context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 although 2 causality
1 although 4 be
1 although 16 findings
2 causality 3 cannot
3 cannot 4 be
4 be 5 inferred
6 from 10 cross
6 from 16 findings
7 the 10 cross
8 present 9 ,
8 present 10 cross
10 cross 13 study
11 - 13 study
12 sectional 13 study
13 study 14 ,
15 the 16 findings
16 findings 17 are
17 are 18 encouraging
18 encouraging 19 as
19 as 21 show
20 they 21 show
21 show 23 age
22 that 23 age
24 - 25 friendliness
24 - 27 associated
24 - 34 -
24 - 41 .
25 friendliness 26 is
26 is 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 32 and
29 enhanced 30 life
30 life 31 satisfaction
31 satisfaction 32 and
32 and 33 self
34 - 36 health
35 perceived 36 health
36 health 37 in
37 in 40 context
38 a 39 rural
38 a 40 context
39 rural 40 context

the study further supports the notion that [a] wide range of domains within the community environment are important in older adults ' lives and need to be considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 4 supports
3 further 4 supports
4 supports 6 notion
4 supports 26 to
5 the 6 notion
6 notion 7 that
7 that 10 range
7 that 17 are
9 wide 10 range
10 range 11 of
10 range 17 are
11 of 12 domains
12 domains 13 within
13 within 16 environment
14 the 16 environment
15 community 16 environment
17 are 24 and
18 important 19 in
18 important 24 and
19 in 23 lives
20 older 21 adults
21 adults 22 '
22 ' 23 lives
24 and 25 need
26 to 27 be
27 be 28 considered

public policy initiatives , such as the province of manitoba 's age - friendly initiative , may thus be one approach to enhancing healthy aging in rural settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 initiatives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 public 3 initiatives
2 policy 3 initiatives
3 initiatives 6 as
3 initiatives 15 initiative
3 initiatives 17 may
4 , 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 8 province
6 as 13 -
7 the 8 province
8 province 9 of
9 of 12 age
10 manitoba 11 's
11 's 12 age
13 - 15 initiative
14 friendly 15 initiative
15 initiative 16 ,
17 may 19 be
18 thus 19 be
19 be 21 approach
19 be 22 to
19 be 26 in
20 one 21 approach
22 to 23 enhancing
23 enhancing 25 aging
24 healthy 25 aging
26 in 28 settings
27 rural 28 settings

objective : this study aims to evaluate the influence of hot chemical etching on short - and long - term [shear] bond strength ( sbs ) of zirconia to resin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 aims
2 : 31 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aims
5 aims 6 to
5 aims 7 evaluate
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 influence
7 evaluate 29 to
8 the 9 influence
9 influence 10 of
10 of 13 etching
11 hot 13 etching
12 chemical 13 etching
13 etching 14 on
13 etching 27 of
14 on 17 and
15 short 17 and
16 - 17 and
17 and 23 strength
17 and 25 sbs
18 long 19 -
18 long 23 strength
20 term 22 bond
22 bond 23 strength
24 ( 25 sbs
25 sbs 26 )
27 of 28 zirconia
29 to 30 resin

eighty composite cylinders were bonded to pretreated ceramic slices using a bis - gma - based resin cement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cylinders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bonded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 eighty 3 cylinders
2 composite 3 cylinders
3 cylinders 4 were
4 were 5 bonded
5 bonded 6 to
6 to 9 slices
7 pretreated 9 slices
8 ceramic 9 slices
9 slices 10 using
9 slices 16 based
10 using 12 bis
10 using 16 based
11 a 12 bis
12 bis 14 gma
13 - 14 gma
14 gma 15 -
16 based 18 cement
17 resin 18 cement

specimens in each group were divided into two fractions : the first half received 24 h water storage , and the second half received 40 d water storage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 specimens 2 in
1 specimens 5 were
2 in 4 group
3 each 4 group
5 were 6 divided
6 divided 7 into
7 into 9 fractions
8 two 9 fractions
10 : 13 half
10 : 14 received
10 : 20 and
11 the 12 first
11 the 13 half
13 half 14 received
14 received 18 storage
15 24 16 h
16 h 18 storage
17 water 18 storage
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 half
20 and 24 received
21 the 22 second
21 the 23 half
23 half 24 received
24 received 28 storage
25 40 26 d
26 d 27 water
27 water 28 storage

then , sbs tests were conducted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 then 2 ,
1 then 4 tests
3 sbs 4 tests
4 tests 5 were
5 were 6 conducted

morphological analysis of sandblasted alumina and hot chemical - etched zirconia surfaces were performed by scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 morphological 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 12 surfaces
2 analysis 13 were
2 analysis 14 performed
3 of 11 zirconia
4 sandblasted 11 zirconia
5 alumina 6 and
6 and 7 hot
6 and 11 zirconia
8 chemical 9 -
8 chemical 11 zirconia
10 etched 11 zirconia
12 surfaces 13 were
14 performed 15 by
15 by 16 scanning
16 scanning 18 microscopy
17 electron 18 microscopy
18 microscopy 20 sem
19 ( 20 sem
20 sem 21 )

results : group e displayed the highest sbs before artificial aging , and no statistical difference was found among the other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 group
2 : 5 displayed
2 : 23 .
3 group 4 e
3 group 5 displayed
5 displayed 7 highest
5 displayed 19 among
6 the 7 highest
7 highest 8 sbs
7 highest 18 found
8 sbs 9 before
8 sbs 17 was
9 before 13 and
10 artificial 11 aging
10 artificial 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 difference
14 no 16 difference
15 statistical 16 difference
17 was 18 found
19 among 22 groups
20 the 21 other
21 other 22 groups

after 40 d water storage , groups a , [b] , and [e] [showed] significantly higher sbs than groups [c] and d ..y sbs increased significantly after artificial aging in groups a and [b] [.] no significant variations were found before and after artificial aging in the other groups [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 water
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 after 3 d
1 after 4 water
2 40 3 d
4 water 5 storage
5 storage 7 groups
6 , 7 groups
7 groups 8 a
7 groups 9 ,
11 , 12 and
11 , 19 groups
11 , 21 and
12 and 15 significantly
12 and 17 sbs
16 higher 17 sbs
17 sbs 19 groups
18 than 19 groups
21 and 22 d
21 and 23 ..y
22 d 23 ..y
23 ..y 33 and
24 sbs 25 increased
24 sbs 33 and
25 increased 26 significantly
25 increased 27 after
25 increased 30 in
27 after 29 aging
28 artificial 29 aging
30 in 31 groups
31 groups 32 a
33 and 38 variations
33 and 39 were
36 no 38 variations
37 significant 38 variations
39 were 40 found
40 found 42 and
41 before 42 and
42 and 43 after
43 after 45 aging
44 artificial 45 aging
45 aging 46 in
46 in 49 groups
47 the 48 other
48 other 49 groups

conclusion : the experimental hot chemical etching solution provides enhanced bonding for zirconia than sandblasting , and the bond strengths remain stable after artificial aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 solution
2 : 9 provides
2 : 14 than
2 : 26 .
3 the 8 solution
4 experimental 6 chemical
5 hot 6 chemical
6 chemical 8 solution
7 etching 8 solution
8 solution 9 provides
9 provides 11 bonding
9 provides 14 than
10 enhanced 11 bonding
11 bonding 12 for
12 for 13 zirconia
14 than 20 strengths
14 than 21 remain
15 sandblasting 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 bond
17 and 20 strengths
18 the 19 bond
20 strengths 21 remain
21 remain 22 stable
22 stable 23 after
23 after 25 aging
24 artificial 25 aging

aging alters a broad spectrum of physiological , endocrine , and behavioral rhythms , and the close relationship between age [-] associated disease and disrupted circadian rhythms has been shown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 alters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 aging 2 alters
2 alters 5 spectrum
3 a 5 spectrum
4 broad 5 spectrum
5 spectrum 6 of
6 of 13 rhythms
7 physiological 8 ,
8 , 9 endocrine
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 behavioral
11 and 13 rhythms
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 relationship
15 and 30 shown
16 the 18 relationship
17 close 18 relationship
18 relationship 19 between
18 relationship 24 and
18 relationship 28 has
19 between 20 age
22 associated 23 disease
22 associated 24 and
24 and 25 disrupted
24 and 27 rhythms
26 circadian 27 rhythms
28 has 29 been
29 been 30 shown

circadian rhythms are regulated by a set of clock genes and mutations in clock genes result in short life in animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rhythms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 circadian 2 rhythms
2 rhythms 3 are
3 are 4 regulated
4 regulated 5 by
5 by 7 set
6 a 7 set
7 set 8 of
8 of 10 genes
9 clock 10 genes
11 and 12 mutations
11 and 16 result
12 mutations 13 in
12 mutations 16 result
13 in 15 genes
14 clock 15 genes
16 result 17 in
16 result 20 in
17 in 19 life
18 short 19 life
20 in 22 models
21 animal 22 models

the sirtuin family is involved in the regulation of many physiological functions , including gene transcription , energy metabolism , cell senescence and oxidative stress , and has recently been associated with regulation of circadian clock gene expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 family
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 family
2 sirtuin 3 family
3 family 27 and
4 is 5 involved
4 is 27 and
5 involved 6 in
6 in 8 regulation
7 the 8 regulation
8 regulation 9 of
8 regulation 23 and
9 of 12 functions
10 many 12 functions
11 physiological 12 functions
12 functions 14 including
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 transcription
14 including 17 ,
15 gene 16 transcription
17 , 23 and
18 energy 19 metabolism
19 metabolism 20 ,
20 , 22 senescence
20 , 23 and
21 cell 22 senescence
23 and 25 stress
23 and 26 ,
24 oxidative 25 stress
27 and 28 has
27 and 32 with
28 has 30 been
29 recently 30 been
30 been 31 associated
32 with 33 regulation
33 regulation 34 of
34 of 38 expression
35 circadian 36 clock
36 clock 37 gene
37 gene 38 expression

impaired circadian rhythmicity is related to a decrease of no production with aging , suggesting the important role of no for age - associated diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rhythmicity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 impaired 3 rhythmicity
2 circadian 3 rhythmicity
3 rhythmicity 4 is
4 is 5 related
5 related 6 to
5 related 12 with
6 to 8 decrease
7 a 8 decrease
8 decrease 9 of
9 of 11 production
10 no 11 production
12 with 13 aging
13 aging 15 suggesting
14 , 15 suggesting
15 suggesting 18 role
15 suggesting 23 -
16 the 18 role
17 important 18 role
18 role 19 of
19 of 20 no
20 no 21 for
21 for 22 age
23 - 25 diseases
23 - 26 .
24 associated 25 diseases

furthermore , senescence decreases the ability of cells to transmit circadian signals to their clocks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 senescence
3 senescence 4 decreases
4 decreases 6 ability
5 the 6 ability
6 ability 7 of
6 ability 9 to
6 ability 10 transmit
7 of 8 cells
9 to 10 transmit
10 transmit 12 signals
10 transmit 13 to
11 circadian 12 signals
13 to 15 clocks
14 their 15 clocks

the study of clinical and laboratory features of patients with occluded main arteries of lower extremities included morphological characteristics of peripheral blood platelets in patients of different age in the acute period of the disease and after surgical treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 of
2 study 8 of
2 study 17 included
3 of 5 and
4 clinical 5 and
5 and 7 features
6 laboratory 7 features
8 of 9 patients
9 patients 10 with
9 patients 14 of
10 with 13 arteries
11 occluded 12 main
12 main 13 arteries
14 of 16 extremities
15 lower 16 extremities
17 included 19 characteristics
17 included 24 in
18 morphological 19 characteristics
19 characteristics 20 of
20 of 23 platelets
21 peripheral 22 blood
22 blood 23 platelets
24 in 25 patients
25 patients 26 of
26 of 28 age
27 different 28 age
28 age 36 and
29 in 32 period
29 in 36 and
30 the 32 period
31 acute 32 period
32 period 33 of
33 of 35 disease
34 the 35 disease
36 and 37 after
37 after 39 treatment
38 surgical 39 treatment

the results were subjected to correlation analysis versus standard hemostatic parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 were
3 were 4 subjected
4 subjected 5 to
5 to 7 analysis
6 correlation 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 versus
8 versus 11 parameters
9 standard 11 parameters
10 hemostatic 11 parameters

mean cell volume and enhanced anisocytosis proved the most informative morphological indicators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 mean 4 and
1 mean 7 proved
2 cell 3 volume
3 volume 4 and
4 and 6 anisocytosis
4 and 7 proved
5 enhanced 6 anisocytosis
7 proved 12 indicators
8 the 9 most
9 most 12 indicators
10 informative 12 indicators
11 morphological 12 indicators

the mean platelet volume was increased in all patients before and after surgery especially in the elder age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 volume
2 mean 4 volume
3 platelet 4 volume
4 volume 5 was
5 was 6 increased
6 increased 7 in
6 increased 14 especially
7 in 9 patients
8 all 9 patients
9 patients 11 and
10 before 11 and
11 and 12 after
12 after 13 surgery
14 especially 15 in
15 in 19 group
16 the 19 group
17 elder 19 group
18 age 19 group

it reflected persistent activation of thrombocytopoiesis as confirmed by the studies of hemostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 it 2 reflected
2 reflected 4 activation
2 reflected 9 by
3 persistent 4 activation
4 activation 5 of
4 activation 8 confirmed
5 of 6 thrombocytopoiesis
7 as 8 confirmed
9 by 11 studies
10 the 11 studies
11 studies 12 of
12 of 13 hemostasis

therefore , these parameters may be used for additional testing in diagnostics of the risk of ischemic complications and repeated thrombosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 parameters
3 these 4 parameters
4 parameters 19 and
5 may 6 be
5 may 19 and
6 be 7 used
7 used 8 for
7 used 11 in
8 for 10 testing
9 additional 10 testing
11 in 12 diagnostics
12 diagnostics 13 of
13 of 15 risk
14 the 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 18 complications
17 ischemic 18 complications
19 and 20 repeated
19 and 21 thrombosis

the timely prescription of auxiliary corrective therapy increases effectiveness of the treatment and the quality of life in the patients with occluded main arteries of lower extremities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prescription
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 prescription
2 timely 3 prescription
3 prescription 4 of
3 prescription 8 increases
4 of 7 therapy
5 auxiliary 6 corrective
6 corrective 7 therapy
8 increases 9 effectiveness
8 increases 18 in
8 increases 21 with
9 effectiveness 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 the 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 and
13 and 15 quality
13 and 16 of
14 the 15 quality
16 of 17 life
18 in 20 patients
19 the 20 patients
21 with 24 arteries
22 occluded 23 main
23 main 24 arteries
24 arteries 25 of
25 of 27 extremities
26 lower 27 extremities

since more than 3 decades now , music with seniors ( or younger persons ) , [either] as an educational or recreational activity , [but] also [as] [a] therapeutically [approach] has progressed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 music
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 progressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 since 5 decades
1 since 8 music
2 more 3 than
3 than 4 3
4 3 5 decades
6 now 7 ,
6 now 8 music
8 music 9 with
8 music 31 has
9 with 12 or
10 seniors 12 or
11 ( 12 or
12 or 14 persons
12 or 15 )
12 or 18 as
13 younger 14 persons
16 , 18 as
18 as 23 activity
18 as 24 ,
19 an 23 activity
20 educational 21 or
21 or 22 recreational
21 or 23 activity
26 also 31 has
29 therapeutically 31 has
31 has 32 progressed

even nowadays , in the medical field , more and more studies prove its efficiency as complementary therapy with no known side - effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 even 2 nowadays
1 even 4 in
3 , 4 in
4 in 7 field
4 in 8 ,
5 the 7 field
6 medical 7 field
8 , 12 studies
8 , 13 prove
8 , 23 -
9 more 10 and
10 and 11 more
10 and 12 studies
12 studies 13 prove
13 prove 15 efficiency
13 prove 16 as
13 prove 19 with
14 its 15 efficiency
16 as 18 therapy
17 complementary 18 therapy
19 with 22 side
20 no 22 side
21 known 22 side
23 - 24 effects
23 - 25 .

the areas where music therapy has a positive outcome , reach from pulmonary disorders to a lot of neurological chronic diseases , including aphasia , dementia or parkinson . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 areas
2 areas 3 where
2 areas 10 ,
3 where 5 therapy
3 where 6 has
4 music 5 therapy
5 therapy 6 has
6 has 9 outcome
7 a 8 positive
7 a 9 outcome
8 positive 9 outcome
10 , 11 reach
10 , 22 ,
11 reach 12 from
12 from 14 disorders
13 pulmonary 14 disorders
14 disorders 15 to
15 to 21 diseases
16 a 17 lot
17 lot 18 of
17 lot 21 diseases
18 of 21 diseases
19 neurological 21 diseases
20 chronic 21 diseases
22 , 24 aphasia
22 , 25 ,
23 including 24 aphasia
25 , 26 dementia
25 , 27 or
27 or 28 parkinson

and at the end of life , music therapy has found a remarkable place for expressing or supporting strong emotional feelings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 and 9 therapy
1 and 11 found
2 at 4 end
2 at 7 ,
2 at 9 therapy
3 the 4 end
4 end 5 of
5 of 6 life
8 music 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 has
10 has 11 found
11 found 17 or
12 a 14 place
13 remarkable 14 place
14 place 15 for
14 place 17 or
15 for 16 expressing
17 or 21 feelings
18 supporting 21 feelings
19 strong 21 feelings
20 emotional 21 feelings

[evidence] - based results on physiological and hormonal changes will also be reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 - 4 results
3 based 4 results
4 results 5 on
4 results 10 will
5 on 9 changes
6 physiological 7 and
7 and 8 hormonal
7 and 9 changes
10 will 12 be
11 also 12 be
12 be 13 reviewed

[none] as the older adult population grows and becomes more diverse , more of its members are turning to complementary and alternative medicine ( cam ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 as 6 population
3 the 6 population
4 older 5 adult
5 adult 6 population
6 population 8 and
7 grows 8 and
8 and 9 becomes
9 becomes 11 diverse
10 more 11 diverse
12 , 16 members
12 , 17 are
13 more 14 of
13 more 16 members
14 of 16 members
15 its 16 members
16 members 17 are
17 are 18 turning
18 turning 19 to
19 to 23 medicine
20 complementary 21 and
21 and 22 alternative
21 and 23 medicine
23 medicine 25 cam
24 ( 25 cam
25 cam 26 )

there are mixed findings regarding racial and ethnic differences in the use of cam . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 findings
3 mixed 4 findings
4 findings 5 regarding
4 findings 13 of
5 regarding 9 differences
5 regarding 10 in
6 racial 7 and
7 and 8 ethnic
7 and 9 differences
10 in 12 use
11 the 12 use
13 of 14 cam

this article explores racial and ethnic differences in use of a category of cam known as mind - body techniques ( mbt ) among senior center participants with symptoms of depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 explores
3 explores 7 differences
3 explores 16 as
3 explores 24 among
3 explores 28 with
4 racial 5 and
5 and 6 ethnic
5 and 7 differences
7 differences 8 in
7 differences 10 of
7 differences 13 of
7 differences 15 known
8 in 9 use
10 of 12 category
11 a 12 category
13 of 14 cam
16 as 17 mind
17 mind 20 techniques
18 - 20 techniques
19 body 20 techniques
20 techniques 22 mbt
20 techniques 23 )
21 ( 22 mbt
22 mbt 23 )
24 among 27 participants
25 senior 27 participants
26 center 27 participants
28 with 29 symptoms
29 symptoms 30 of
30 of 31 depression

it also examines the relationship between use of mbt and depression severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 it 3 examines
2 also 3 examines
3 examines 5 relationship
3 examines 6 between
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 7 use
7 use 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 mbt 10 and
10 and 12 severity
11 depression 12 severity

a cross [-] sectional survey was conducted with a representative sample of senior center participants in new york city , from which a subsample of those with depressive symptoms was drawn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 survey
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 conducted
1 a 5 survey
2 cross 5 survey
4 sectional 5 survey
5 survey 6 was
6 was 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 with
7 conducted 16 in
8 with 11 sample
9 a 10 representative
9 a 11 sample
10 representative 11 sample
11 sample 12 of
12 of 15 participants
13 senior 14 center
14 center 15 participants
16 in 19 city
17 new 18 york
18 york 19 city
19 city 21 from
20 , 21 from
21 from 22 which
21 from 24 subsample
21 from 31 drawn
21 from 32 .
23 a 24 subsample
24 subsample 25 of
24 subsample 30 was
25 of 26 those
26 those 27 with
27 with 29 symptoms
28 depressive 29 symptoms
30 was 31 drawn

racial and ethnic differences in mbt use were identified , [as] was a significant negative relationship between mbt use and depression severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 racial 2 and
2 and 3 ethnic
2 and 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
4 differences 8 were
5 in 7 use
6 mbt 7 use
8 were 9 identified
10 , 12 was
12 was 16 relationship
12 was 17 between
13 a 14 significant
13 a 16 relationship
14 significant 16 relationship
15 negative 16 relationship
17 between 20 and
18 mbt 19 use
19 use 20 and
20 and 22 severity
21 depression 22 severity

african american elders were more likely to have used mbt than other racial or ethnic groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 elders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 african 2 american
2 american 3 elders
3 elders 4 were
4 were 6 likely
5 more 6 likely
6 likely 7 to
6 likely 9 used
7 to 8 have
8 have 9 used
9 used 10 mbt
9 used 11 than
11 than 16 groups
12 other 16 groups
13 racial 14 or
14 or 15 ethnic
14 or 16 groups

when controlling for race or ethnicity , health status , and barriers to medical care , predictors of depression severity included health status , experiencing barriers to medical care , and hispanic identity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 included
1 when 2 controlling
1 when 20 severity
2 controlling 3 for
2 controlling 17 predictors
3 for 11 and
4 race 5 or
5 or 6 ethnicity
5 or 9 status
5 or 11 and
7 , 9 status
8 health 9 status
9 status 10 ,
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 barriers
11 and 16 ,
12 barriers 13 to
13 to 15 care
14 medical 15 care
17 predictors 18 of
18 of 19 depression
20 severity 21 included
21 included 23 status
21 included 25 experiencing
22 health 23 status
24 , 25 experiencing
25 experiencing 26 barriers
25 experiencing 27 to
25 experiencing 34 .
27 to 31 and
28 medical 29 care
29 care 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 identity
32 hispanic 33 identity

findings suggest that being female or younger is associated with [a] higher likelihood of using cam . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 findings 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 4 being
3 that 9 associated
4 being 6 or
4 being 8 is
5 female 6 or
6 or 7 younger
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 likelihood
12 higher 13 likelihood
13 likelihood 14 of
14 of 15 using
15 using 16 cam

contrary to some prior research , education level was not associated with use of mbt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 contrary 2 to
1 contrary 6 ,
1 contrary 8 level
2 to 5 research
3 some 5 research
4 prior 5 research
7 education 8 level
8 level 9 was
9 was 10 not
9 was 12 with
10 not 11 associated
12 with 13 use
13 use 14 of
14 of 15 mbt

type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) is associated with an increased risk of macrovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mellitus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 type 2 2
1 type 4 mellitus
3 diabetes 4 mellitus
4 mellitus 6 t2dm
4 mellitus 8 is
5 ( 6 t2dm
6 t2dm 7 )
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 risk
11 an 13 risk
12 increased 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 16 disease
15 macrovascular 16 disease

epidemiological studies suggest that plant polyphenol resveratrol ( rev ) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 epidemiological 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 resveratrol
4 that 12 associated
5 plant 7 resveratrol
6 polyphenol 7 resveratrol
7 resveratrol 9 rev
7 resveratrol 11 is
8 ( 9 rev
9 rev 10 )
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 risk
14 reduced 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 18 diseases
17 cardiovascular 18 diseases

since chronic inflammatory and endotheliar cell activation play a critical role in vascular aging and atherogenesis , we evaluated whether rev can inhibit inflammatory - induced vascular injury in t2dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 since 7 activation
1 since 8 play
2 chronic 6 cell
3 inflammatory 4 and
4 and 5 endotheliar
4 and 6 cell
6 cell 7 activation
8 play 11 role
8 play 12 in
9 a 11 role
10 critical 11 role
12 in 15 and
13 vascular 14 aging
13 vascular 15 and
15 and 16 atherogenesis
17 , 18 we
17 , 19 evaluated
18 we 19 evaluated
19 evaluated 20 whether
19 evaluated 29 in
20 whether 21 rev
20 whether 23 inhibit
21 rev 22 can
22 can 23 inhibit
23 inhibit 28 injury
24 inflammatory 25 -
24 inflammatory 28 injury
26 induced 28 injury
27 vascular 28 injury
29 in 30 t2dm

we found that rev ( 50 mg/kg/d ) can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism , improve insulin resistance and vascular permeability , and protect against the foam cells and cholesterol crystals formation in arterial vessel walls of t2dm rats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 rev
3 that 10 regulate
4 rev 7 mg/kg/d
4 rev 9 can
5 ( 7 mg/kg/d
6 50 7 mg/kg/d
7 mg/kg/d 8 )
9 can 10 regulate
10 regulate 12 and
11 glucose 12 and
12 and 14 metabolism
13 lipid 14 metabolism
15 , 23 and
16 improve 19 and
16 improve 23 and
17 insulin 18 resistance
18 resistance 19 and
19 and 21 permeability
19 and 22 ,
20 vascular 21 permeability
23 and 24 protect
24 protect 25 against
24 protect 32 formation
25 against 29 and
26 the 28 cells
27 foam 28 cells
28 cells 29 and
29 and 31 crystals
30 cholesterol 31 crystals
32 formation 33 in
32 formation 37 of
33 in 36 walls
34 arterial 35 vessel
35 vessel 36 walls
37 of 39 rats
38 t2dm 39 rats

[the] protective effects of rev were consistent with the decrease in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa b ( nf - kappa b ) and there down - regulation of interleukin - 1 beta ( il - 1β ) and interleukin - 6 ( il - 6 ) levers in blood and tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( tnf - α ) , intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 ( icam - 1 ) , and monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 ( mcp - 1 ) expressions in vascular wall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
2 protective 6 were
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 6 were
4 of 5 rev
6 were 7 consistent
7 consistent 8 with
8 with 10 decrease
9 the 10 decrease
10 decrease 11 in
11 in 13 translocation
12 nuclear 13 translocation
13 translocation 14 of
14 of 17 kappa
15 nuclear 17 kappa
16 factor 17 kappa
17 kappa 18 b
17 kappa 28 -
19 ( 28 -
20 nf 22 kappa
20 nf 25 and
21 - 22 kappa
22 kappa 23 b
22 kappa 24 )
25 and 27 down
25 and 28 -
26 there 27 down
28 - 40 and
29 regulation 30 of
29 regulation 40 and
30 of 31 interleukin
31 interleukin 34 beta
32 - 34 beta
33 1 34 beta
34 beta 36 il
34 beta 39 )
35 ( 36 il
36 il 38 1β
36 il 39 )
37 - 38 1β
38 1β 39 )
40 and 41 interleukin
40 and 42 -
40 and 45 il
40 and 49 levers
43 6 45 il
44 ( 45 il
45 il 46 -
45 il 47 6
45 il 49 levers
46 - 47 6
47 6 48 )
49 levers 50 in
50 in 57 alpha
51 blood 52 and
52 and 55 factor
52 and 56 -
52 and 57 alpha
53 tumor 55 factor
54 necrosis 55 factor
57 alpha 59 tnf
57 alpha 61 α
57 alpha 67 -
58 ( 59 tnf
59 tnf 60 -
60 - 61 α
61 α 62 )
63 , 67 -
64 intercellular 65 adhesion
65 adhesion 66 molecule
66 molecule 67 -
67 - 68 1
68 1 78 protein
69 ( 78 protein
70 icam 72 1
70 icam 75 and
71 - 72 1
72 1 73 )
74 , 75 and
75 and 76 monocyte
75 and 78 protein
77 chemoattractant 78 protein
78 protein 80 1
78 protein 90 .
79 - 80 1
80 1 86 expressions
80 1 90 .
81 ( 86 expressions
82 mcp 84 1
82 mcp 86 expressions
83 - 84 1
84 1 85 )
86 expressions 87 in
86 expressions 90 .
87 in 89 wall
88 vascular 89 wall

in addition , rev ( 10 and 100 nmol/l ) treatment protected cultured endothelial cells against increases in the expression of tnf - α , icam - 1 , and mcp - 1 mrna and protein induced by high glucose via inhibiting nuclear translocation of nf - kappa b p65 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 protected
1 in 2 addition
1 in 10 )
1 in 11 treatment
2 addition 4 rev
3 , 4 rev
4 rev 9 nmol/l
4 rev 10 )
5 ( 9 nmol/l
6 10 7 and
7 and 8 100
7 and 9 nmol/l
9 nmol/l 10 )
11 treatment 12 protected
12 protected 15 cells
13 cultured 15 cells
14 endothelial 15 cells
15 cells 16 against
15 cells 18 in
15 cells 21 of
16 against 17 increases
18 in 20 expression
19 the 20 expression
21 of 22 tnf
22 tnf 24 α
22 tnf 30 and
22 tnf 35 and
23 - 24 α
24 α 25 ,
25 , 30 and
26 icam 28 1
26 icam 30 and
27 - 28 1
28 1 29 ,
30 and 31 mcp
30 and 32 -
32 - 35 and
33 1 34 mrna
34 mrna 35 and
35 and 36 protein
35 and 50 p65
35 and 51 .
36 protein 37 induced
37 induced 38 by
37 induced 41 via
38 by 40 glucose
39 high 40 glucose
41 via 44 translocation
42 inhibiting 44 translocation
43 nuclear 44 translocation
44 translocation 45 of
45 of 46 nf
47 - 50 p65
48 kappa 49 b
48 kappa 50 p65
50 p65 51 .

the specific nf - kappa b inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate - ( pdtc - [ )(or small interfering rna directed against nf - kappa b p65 - mediated downregulation of nf - kappa b p65 was further enhanced by rev ( 100 nmol/l ) in the human endothelial cell line ez.hy926 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 the 3 nf
2 specific 3 nf
3 nf 9 dithiocarbamate
3 nf 15 )(or
3 nf 27 mediated
4 - 9 dithiocarbamate
5 kappa 6 b
5 kappa 7 inhibitor
7 inhibitor 8 pyrrolidine
8 pyrrolidine 9 dithiocarbamate
9 dithiocarbamate 10 -
11 ( 15 )(or
12 pdtc 15 )(or
13 - 15 )(or
15 )(or 18 rna
15 )(or 25 p65
15 )(or 26 -
16 small 18 rna
17 interfering 18 rna
18 rna 19 directed
19 directed 20 against
20 against 21 nf
22 - 25 p65
23 kappa 24 b
23 kappa 25 p65
25 p65 26 -
27 mediated 28 downregulation
28 downregulation 29 of
29 of 30 nf
31 - 34 p65
31 - 37 enhanced
31 - 51 .
32 kappa 33 b
32 kappa 34 p65
34 p65 35 was
35 was 36 further
35 was 37 enhanced
37 enhanced 38 by
37 enhanced 44 in
38 by 39 rev
39 rev 42 nmol/l
40 ( 42 nmol/l
41 100 42 nmol/l
42 nmol/l 43 )
44 in 50 ez.hy926
45 the 49 line
46 human 48 cell
47 endothelial 48 cell
48 cell 49 line
49 line 50 ez.hy926

in conclusion , these observations suggest that chronic treatment of t2dm rats with rev attenuates the inflammatory injury of the vascular wall and the effects are associated with down - regulation of the nf [-] kappa b signal pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 observations
3 , 6 suggest
3 , 23 and
4 these 5 observations
5 observations 6 suggest
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 9 treatment
7 that 15 attenuates
8 chronic 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 of
9 treatment 15 attenuates
10 of 11 t2dm
11 t2dm 12 rats
12 rats 13 with
13 with 14 rev
15 attenuates 18 injury
16 the 18 injury
17 inflammatory 18 injury
18 injury 19 of
19 of 22 wall
20 the 22 wall
21 vascular 22 wall
23 and 25 effects
23 and 27 associated
24 the 25 effects
25 effects 26 are
26 are 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 31 regulation
29 down 30 -
29 down 31 regulation
31 regulation 32 of
32 of 39 pathway
33 the 39 pathway
34 nf 38 signal
36 kappa 37 b
36 kappa 38 signal
38 signal 39 pathway

executive cognitive functions play a critical role in [falls] risk — a pressing health care issue in seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 play
1 executive 3 functions
2 cognitive 3 functions
3 functions 4 play
4 play 7 role
4 play 8 in
5 a 6 critical
5 a 7 role
6 critical 7 role
8 in 10 risk
10 risk 16 issue
11 — 16 issue
12 a 13 pressing
12 a 16 issue
13 pressing 14 health
14 health 16 issue
15 care 16 issue
16 issue 17 in
16 issue 19 .
17 in 18 seniors

in particular , intact attentional processing is integral for safe mobility and navigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 processing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 6 processing
4 intact 6 processing
5 attentional 6 processing
6 processing 7 is
7 is 8 integral
8 integral 9 for
9 for 12 and
10 safe 11 mobility
11 mobility 12 and
12 and 13 navigation

however , the specific contribution of impaired visual – spatial attention [in] [falls] remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 contribution
3 the 5 contribution
4 specific 5 contribution
5 contribution 6 of
5 contribution 14 remains
6 of 11 attention
7 impaired 11 attention
8 visual 9 –
8 visual 11 attention
10 spatial 11 attention
14 remains 15 unclear

in this study , we examined the association between visual – spatial attention to task - irrelevant stimuli and [falls] risk in community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 8 association
6 examined 9 between
6 examined 22 in
7 the 8 association
9 between 19 and
10 visual 13 attention
10 visual 18 stimuli
11 – 13 attention
12 spatial 13 attention
13 attention 14 to
13 attention 15 task
13 attention 16 -
14 to 15 task
17 irrelevant 18 stimuli
18 stimuli 19 and
19 and 21 risk
22 in 27 adults
23 community 25 dwelling
25 dwelling 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

participants completed a visual target discrimination task at fixation while task [-] irrelevant probes were presented in both visual fields . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 participants 2 completed
2 completed 7 task
2 completed 8 at
2 completed 10 while
3 a 4 visual
3 a 7 task
4 visual 5 target
5 target 7 task
6 discrimination 7 task
8 at 9 fixation
10 while 14 probes
10 while 16 presented
11 task 14 probes
13 irrelevant 14 probes
14 probes 15 were
15 were 16 presented
16 presented 17 in
17 in 20 fields
18 both 20 fields
19 visual 20 fields

we assessed attention to left and right peripheral probes using event - related potentials ( erps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 3 attention
2 assessed 4 to
4 to 6 and
5 left 6 and
6 and 11 event
7 right 11 event
8 peripheral 9 probes
9 probes 11 event
10 using 11 event
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 potentials
13 related 18 .
14 potentials 16 erps
15 ( 16 erps
16 erps 17 )

[falls] risk was determined using the valid and reliable physiological profile assessment ( ppa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 risk 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 using
5 using 14 ppa
6 the 14 ppa
7 valid 8 and
8 and 9 reliable
8 and 14 ppa
10 physiological 11 profile
11 profile 12 assessment
12 assessment 14 ppa
13 ( 14 ppa
14 ppa 15 )

we found a significantly positive association between reduced attentional facilitation , as measured by the n1 erp component , and [falls] risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 20 and
2 found 6 association
2 found 7 between
2 found 20 and
3 a 6 association
4 significantly 5 positive
5 positive 6 association
7 between 10 facilitation
8 reduced 10 facilitation
9 attentional 10 facilitation
10 facilitation 13 measured
11 , 13 measured
12 as 13 measured
13 measured 14 by
13 measured 19 ,
14 by 18 component
15 the 18 component
16 n1 17 erp
17 erp 18 component
20 and 22 risk

this relationship was specific to probes presented in the left visual field and measured at ipsilateral electrode sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 was
3 was 13 and
4 specific 5 to
4 specific 13 and
5 to 6 probes
6 probes 7 presented
7 presented 8 in
8 in 12 field
9 the 12 field
10 left 12 field
11 visual 12 field
13 and 14 measured
14 measured 15 at
15 at 18 sites
16 ipsilateral 17 electrode
17 electrode 18 sites

our results suggest that fallers exhibit reduced attention to the left side of visual space and provide evidence that impaired right hemispheric function [and/or] structure may contribute to falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 fallers
4 that 16 and
5 fallers 16 and
6 exhibit 8 attention
6 exhibit 9 to
6 exhibit 16 and
7 reduced 8 attention
9 to 12 side
10 the 12 side
11 left 12 side
12 side 13 of
13 of 15 space
14 visual 15 space
16 and 17 provide
17 provide 18 evidence
18 evidence 19 that
19 that 21 right
19 that 29 falls
20 impaired 21 right
21 right 25 structure
21 right 28 to
21 right 29 falls
22 hemispheric 23 function
23 function 25 structure
25 structure 26 may
26 may 27 contribute
27 contribute 28 to

cardiac [hypertrophy] is a multifactorial disease characterized by multiple molecular alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cardiac
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 cardiac 3 is
3 is 6 disease
4 a 5 multifactorial
4 a 6 disease
5 multifactorial 6 disease
6 disease 7 characterized
7 characterized 8 by
8 by 11 alterations
9 multiple 11 alterations
10 molecular 11 alterations

one of these alterations is change in the activity of akt , which plays a central role in regulating a variety of cellular processes ranging from cell survival to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 5 is
2 of 4 alterations
3 these 4 alterations
5 is 6 change
6 change 7 in
6 change 9 activity
8 the 9 activity
9 activity 10 of
10 of 11 akt
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 plays
13 which 14 plays
14 plays 17 role
15 a 16 central
15 a 17 role
16 central 17 role
17 role 18 in
17 role 22 of
17 role 25 ranging
18 in 19 regulating
19 regulating 21 variety
20 a 21 variety
22 of 24 processes
23 cellular 24 processes
25 ranging 26 from
26 from 28 survival
27 cell 28 survival
28 survival 29 to
29 to 30 aging

akt activation is mainly achieved by its binding to phosphatidylinositol ( 3,4,5 ) - triphosphate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 akt 2 activation
2 activation 3 is
3 is 5 achieved
4 mainly 5 achieved
5 achieved 6 by
5 achieved 14 -
5 achieved 15 triphosphate
6 by 8 binding
7 its 8 binding
8 binding 9 to
9 to 10 phosphatidylinositol
10 phosphatidylinositol 12 3,4,5
11 ( 12 3,4,5
12 3,4,5 13 )

this results in a conformational change that exposes the kinase domain of akt for phosphorylation and activation by its upstream kinase , 3 - phosphoinositide - dependent protein kinase 1 , in the cell membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 results
2 results 3 in
2 results 14 for
3 in 6 change
4 a 5 conformational
4 a 6 change
5 conformational 6 change
6 change 7 that
6 change 8 exposes
7 that 8 exposes
8 exposes 11 domain
9 the 11 domain
10 kinase 11 domain
11 domain 12 of
12 of 13 akt
14 for 16 and
15 phosphorylation 16 and
16 and 17 activation
17 activation 18 by
17 activation 32 in
18 by 21 kinase
19 its 21 kinase
20 upstream 21 kinase
21 kinase 23 3
21 kinase 25 phosphoinositide
22 , 23 3
23 3 24 -
24 - 25 phosphoinositide
25 phosphoinositide 29 kinase
25 phosphoinositide 31 ,
26 - 29 kinase
27 dependent 28 protein
28 protein 29 kinase
29 kinase 30 1
29 kinase 31 ,
32 in 35 membrane
33 the 35 membrane
34 cell 35 membrane

recent studies have shown that sirtuin isoforms [,] silent information regulator ( sirt ) 1 , sirt3 , and sirt6 , play an essential role in the regulation of akt activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 21 ,
3 have 4 shown
3 have 21 ,
4 shown 11 regulator
4 shown 15 1
4 shown 19 and
5 that 11 regulator
6 sirtuin 11 regulator
7 isoforms 11 regulator
9 silent 10 information
10 information 11 regulator
11 regulator 13 sirt
12 ( 13 sirt
13 sirt 14 )
15 1 17 sirt3
16 , 17 sirt3
17 sirt3 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 sirt6
21 , 22 play
21 , 26 in
22 play 25 role
23 an 24 essential
23 an 25 role
24 essential 25 role
26 in 28 regulation
27 the 28 regulation
28 regulation 29 of
29 of 31 activation
30 akt 31 activation

although sirt1 deacetylates akt to promote phosphatidylinositol ( 3,4,5 ) - triphosphate binding and activation , sirt3 controls reactive oxygen species - mediated akt activation , and sirt6 transcriptionally represses akt at the level of chromatin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 sirt3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 controls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 although 2 sirt1
1 although 3 deacetylates
1 although 17 sirt3
2 sirt1 3 deacetylates
3 deacetylates 4 akt
3 deacetylates 5 to
5 to 6 promote
6 promote 7 phosphatidylinositol
7 phosphatidylinositol 9 3,4,5
7 phosphatidylinositol 14 and
8 ( 9 3,4,5
9 3,4,5 10 )
11 - 14 and
12 triphosphate 13 binding
12 triphosphate 14 and
14 and 15 activation
14 and 16 ,
17 sirt3 18 controls
18 controls 21 species
19 reactive 20 oxygen
20 oxygen 21 species
21 species 25 activation
22 - 25 activation
23 mediated 25 activation
24 akt 25 activation
25 activation 26 ,
27 and 28 sirt6
27 and 30 represses
28 sirt6 30 represses
29 transcriptionally 30 represses
30 represses 31 akt
30 represses 32 at
32 at 34 level
33 the 34 level
34 level 35 of
35 of 36 chromatin

in the first part of this review , we discuss the mechanisms by which sirtuins regulate akt activation and how they influence other post - translational modifications of akt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 7 review
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 we
2 the 4 part
3 first 4 part
4 part 5 of
4 part 7 review
5 of 7 review
6 this 7 review
9 we 10 discuss
10 discuss 19 and
11 the 19 and
12 mechanisms 13 by
12 mechanisms 19 and
13 by 14 which
13 by 15 sirtuins
13 by 16 regulate
15 sirtuins 16 regulate
16 regulate 18 activation
17 akt 18 activation
19 and 20 how
19 and 21 they
19 and 22 influence
21 they 22 influence
22 influence 24 post
23 other 24 post
25 - 27 modifications
26 translational 27 modifications
27 modifications 28 of
28 of 29 akt

in the latter part of the review , we summarize the implications of sirtuin - dependent regulation of akt signaling in the control of major cellular processes such as cellular growth , angiogenesis , apoptosis , autophagy , and aging , which are involved in the initiation and progression of several diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 in 4 part
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 we
2 the 4 part
3 latter 4 part
4 part 5 of
5 of 7 review
6 the 7 review
9 we 10 summarize
10 summarize 39 and
10 summarize 45 in
11 the 12 implications
12 implications 13 of
12 implications 39 and
13 of 14 sirtuin
14 sirtuin 17 regulation
15 - 17 regulation
16 dependent 17 regulation
17 regulation 18 of
17 regulation 33 angiogenesis
17 regulation 38 ,
18 of 19 akt
19 akt 20 signaling
19 akt 21 in
19 akt 24 of
21 in 23 control
22 the 23 control
24 of 27 processes
25 major 27 processes
26 cellular 27 processes
27 processes 29 as
28 such 29 as
29 as 31 growth
30 cellular 31 growth
32 , 33 angiogenesis
33 angiogenesis 35 apoptosis
33 angiogenesis 38 ,
34 , 35 apoptosis
35 apoptosis 37 autophagy
35 apoptosis 38 ,
36 , 37 autophagy
37 autophagy 38 ,
39 and 40 aging
39 and 41 ,
39 and 42 which
39 and 43 are
42 which 43 are
43 are 44 involved
45 in 48 and
46 the 47 initiation
47 initiation 48 and
48 and 49 progression
49 progression 50 of
50 of 52 diseases
51 several 52 diseases

background and purpose : vitamin d deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly and with increased white matter t2 hyperintensities in elderly debilitated patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
4 : 5 vitamin
4 : 9 associated
4 : 27 .
5 vitamin 6 d
5 vitamin 7 deficiency
5 vitamin 8 is
5 vitamin 9 associated
7 deficiency 8 is
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 16 and
9 associated 23 in
10 with 12 impairment
11 cognitive 12 impairment
13 in 15 elderly
13 in 16 and
14 the 15 elderly
16 and 17 with
17 with 22 hyperintensities
18 increased 19 white
19 white 22 hyperintensities
20 matter 22 hyperintensities
21 t2 22 hyperintensities
23 in 26 patients
24 elderly 26 patients
25 debilitated 26 patients

we investigated the relationship between serum vitamin d and brain mr findings in adult outpatients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 relationship
2 investigated 5 between
2 investigated 13 in
3 the 4 relationship
5 between 9 and
6 serum 7 vitamin
7 vitamin 8 d
7 vitamin 9 and
9 and 12 findings
10 brain 12 findings
11 mr 12 findings
13 in 15 outpatients
14 adult 15 outpatients

materials and methods : brain mr studies of 56 patients ages 30 - 69 years were selected when vitamin d level had been obtained within 90 days of the mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
2 and 5 brain
2 and 11 ages
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 brain
5 brain 7 studies
6 mr 7 studies
7 studies 8 of
8 of 10 patients
9 56 10 patients
11 ages 13 -
11 ages 18 when
12 30 13 -
13 - 14 69
14 69 15 years
15 years 16 were
16 were 17 selected
18 when 21 level
18 when 24 obtained
19 vitamin 20 d
19 vitamin 21 level
21 level 22 had
22 had 23 been
23 been 24 obtained
24 obtained 25 within
25 within 27 days
26 90 27 days
27 days 28 of
28 of 30 mri
29 the 30 mri

white matter t2 hyperintensities were characterized by size and location by two neuroradiologists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hyperintensities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 white 2 matter
2 matter 4 hyperintensities
3 t2 4 hyperintensities
4 hyperintensities 5 were
5 were 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
6 characterized 11 by
7 by 9 and
8 size 9 and
9 and 10 location
11 by 13 neuroradiologists
12 two 13 neuroradiologists

manual volumetric analysis was assessed in patients more than 50 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 manual 3 analysis
2 volumetric 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 in
5 assessed 8 more
5 assessed 9 than
6 in 7 patients
9 than 11 years
10 50 11 years
11 years 12 of
12 of 13 age

results : the entire cohort showed a significant negative relationship between serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin d and the number of confluent juxtacortical white matter t2 hyperintensities ( p = [.] 047 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 cohort
2 : 6 showed
3 the 5 cohort
4 entire 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 showed
6 showed 10 relationship
7 a 10 relationship
8 significant 10 relationship
9 negative 10 relationship
10 relationship 11 between
11 between 12 serum
12 serum 13 25
13 25 14 -
14 - 17 and
15 hydroxyvitamin 16 d
15 hydroxyvitamin 17 and
17 and 19 number
18 the 19 number
19 number 20 of
20 of 26 hyperintensities
21 confluent 24 matter
22 juxtacortical 24 matter
23 white 24 matter
24 matter 26 hyperintensities
25 t2 26 hyperintensities
26 hyperintensities 29 =
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 31 047
29 = 32 )

atrophy was not significantly related to serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin d by radiologist visual analysis or by the bicaudate ratio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 atrophy 2 was
2 was 3 not
2 was 5 related
4 significantly 5 related
5 related 6 to
6 to 7 serum
7 serum 8 25
9 - 10 hydroxyvitamin
10 hydroxyvitamin 11 d
10 hydroxyvitamin 16 or
12 by 15 analysis
12 by 16 or
13 radiologist 15 analysis
14 visual 15 analysis
16 or 17 by
17 by 20 ratio
18 the 20 ratio
19 bicaudate 20 ratio

conclusions : we found a significant relationship between vitamin d and white matter t2 hyperintensities in independent adult outpatients , especially over the age of 50 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 relationship
4 found 8 between
4 found 16 in
5 a 7 relationship
6 significant 7 relationship
8 between 11 and
9 vitamin 10 d
9 vitamin 11 and
11 and 15 hyperintensities
12 white 13 matter
13 matter 15 hyperintensities
14 t2 15 hyperintensities
16 in 19 outpatients
17 independent 18 adult
18 adult 19 outpatients
19 outpatients 22 over
20 , 21 especially
20 , 22 over
22 over 24 age
22 over 28 .
23 the 24 age
24 age 25 of
25 of 27 years
26 50 27 years

eccentric exercise can influence tendon mechanical properties and matrix protein synthesis . mrna for collagen and regulatory factors thereof are upregulated in animal tendons , independent of muscular contraction [type] , supporting the view that tendon , compared with skeletal muscle , is less sensitive to differences in type [and/or] amount [of] mechanical stimulus with regard to expression of collagen , regulatory factors for collagen , and cross - link regulators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 synthesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 eccentric 11 synthesis
2 exercise 7 properties
3 can 7 properties
4 influence 5 tendon
5 tendon 7 properties
6 mechanical 7 properties
7 properties 8 and
8 and 9 matrix
8 and 11 synthesis
10 protein 11 synthesis
12 . 13 mrna
12 . 21 upregulated
13 mrna 14 for
13 mrna 18 factors
13 mrna 20 are
13 mrna 21 upregulated
14 for 16 and
15 collagen 16 and
16 and 17 regulatory
18 factors 20 are
19 thereof 20 are
21 upregulated 22 in
21 upregulated 24 tendons
21 upregulated 32 supporting
22 in 23 animal
24 tendons 26 independent
25 , 26 independent
26 independent 27 of
26 independent 31 ,
27 of 29 contraction
28 muscular 29 contraction
31 , 32 supporting
32 supporting 34 view
33 the 34 view
34 view 35 that
35 that 36 tendon
35 that 43 is
36 tendon 38 compared
36 tendon 43 is
37 , 38 compared
38 compared 39 with
38 compared 42 ,
39 with 41 muscle
40 skeletal 41 muscle
43 is 45 sensitive
44 less 45 sensitive
45 sensitive 46 to
45 sensitive 48 in
45 sensitive 55 with
45 sensitive 57 to
46 to 47 differences
48 in 54 stimulus
49 type 51 amount
51 amount 54 stimulus
53 mechanical 54 stimulus
55 with 56 regard
57 to 67 and
58 expression 59 of
58 expression 67 and
59 of 63 factors
60 collagen 61 ,
60 collagen 63 factors
62 regulatory 63 factors
63 factors 64 for
64 for 65 collagen
66 , 67 and
67 and 68 cross
67 and 71 regulators
69 - 71 regulators
70 link 71 regulators
71 regulators 72 .

in overused [(] tendinopathic ) human tendon , eccentric exercise training has a beneficial effect , but the mechanism by which this is elicited is unknown , and slow concentric loading appears to have similar beneficial effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tendon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 overused
2 overused 7 tendon
4 tendinopathic 5 )
4 tendinopathic 7 tendon
6 human 7 tendon
8 , 11 training
8 , 12 has
8 , 16 ,
9 eccentric 11 training
10 exercise 11 training
11 training 12 has
12 has 15 effect
13 a 14 beneficial
13 a 15 effect
14 beneficial 15 effect
16 , 17 but
16 , 32 appears
17 but 19 mechanism
17 but 25 is
18 the 19 mechanism
19 mechanism 20 by
19 mechanism 24 elicited
19 mechanism 25 is
20 by 21 which
20 by 22 this
20 by 23 is
22 this 23 is
25 is 28 and
25 is 30 concentric
26 unknown 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 slow
31 loading 32 appears
32 appears 33 to
33 to 34 have
34 have 37 effects
35 similar 37 effects
36 beneficial 37 effects

it may be that tendinopathic regions , as long as they are subjected to a certain magnitude [of] load at a slow speed , independent of whether this is eccentric or concentric in nature , can reestablish their normal tendon fibril alignment and cell morphology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 it 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 6 regions
4 that 5 tendinopathic
5 tendinopathic 6 regions
6 regions 9 long
7 , 9 long
8 as 9 long
9 long 10 as
9 long 14 to
9 long 24 ,
10 as 11 they
10 as 12 are
10 as 13 subjected
11 they 12 are
14 to 19 load
15 a 19 load
16 certain 19 load
17 magnitude 19 load
19 load 20 at
20 at 23 speed
21 a 23 speed
22 slow 23 speed
24 , 43 and
25 independent 26 of
25 independent 43 and
26 of 27 whether
27 whether 28 this
27 whether 37 reestablish
28 this 35 ,
29 is 31 or
29 is 35 ,
30 eccentric 31 or
31 or 32 concentric
32 concentric 33 in
33 in 34 nature
35 , 36 can
36 can 37 reestablish
37 reestablish 42 alignment
38 their 42 alignment
39 normal 40 tendon
40 tendon 42 alignment
41 fibril 42 alignment
43 and 45 morphology
44 cell 45 morphology

background and purpose : beyond the framingham stroke risk score [,] prediction [of] future stroke may improve with a genetic risk score ( grs ) based on single - nucleotide polymorphisms associated with [stroke] [and] its risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
2 and 4 :
2 and 16 may
3 purpose 4 :
4 : 5 beyond
5 beyond 15 stroke
6 the 15 stroke
7 framingham 8 stroke
8 stroke 9 risk
9 risk 12 prediction
10 score 12 prediction
12 prediction 15 stroke
14 future 15 stroke
16 may 17 improve
17 improve 18 with
18 with 22 score
18 with 26 based
19 a 20 genetic
19 a 22 score
20 genetic 22 score
21 risk 22 score
22 score 24 grs
23 ( 24 grs
24 grs 25 )
26 based 27 on
26 based 33 with
27 on 31 polymorphisms
28 single 29 -
28 single 31 polymorphisms
30 nucleotide 31 polymorphisms
31 polymorphisms 32 associated
33 with 38 factors
36 its 38 factors
37 risk 38 factors

methods : the study includes 4 population - based cohorts with 2047 first incident strokes from 22,720 initially stroke - free european origin participants aged ≥55 years , who were followed for up to 20 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 population
3 the 7 population
4 study 5 includes
5 includes 7 population
6 4 7 population
7 population 10 cohorts
8 - 10 cohorts
9 based 10 cohorts
10 cohorts 11 with
10 cohorts 28 ,
11 with 12 2047
12 2047 15 strokes
12 2047 19 stroke
12 2047 27 years
13 first 14 incident
14 incident 15 strokes
15 strokes 16 from
15 strokes 19 stroke
16 from 17 22,720
18 initially 19 stroke
20 - 27 years
21 free 27 years
22 european 25 aged
23 origin 25 aged
24 participants 25 aged
25 aged 27 years
26 ≥55 27 years
27 years 28 ,
28 , 29 who
28 , 31 followed
29 who 30 were
30 were 31 followed
31 followed 32 for
32 for 36 years
33 up 34 to
34 to 35 20
35 20 36 years

grss were constructed with 324 single - nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in stroke [and] 9 risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 grss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 grss 2 were
2 were 3 constructed
3 constructed 4 with
4 with 9 polymorphisms
5 324 8 nucleotide
6 single 7 -
6 single 8 nucleotide
8 nucleotide 9 polymorphisms
9 polymorphisms 10 implicated
9 polymorphisms 15 risk
9 polymorphisms 16 factors
10 implicated 11 in
11 in 12 stroke
12 stroke 14 9
15 risk 16 factors

the association of the grs [to] first incident stroke was tested using cox regression ; the grs predictive properties were assessed with area under the curve statistics comparing the grs with age and sex , framingham stroke risk score models , and reclassification statistics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 10 was
3 of 9 stroke
4 the 9 stroke
5 grs 8 incident
7 first 8 incident
8 incident 9 stroke
10 was 11 tested
11 tested 12 using
12 using 14 regression
13 cox 14 regression
15 ; 17 grs
15 ; 21 assessed
16 the 17 grs
17 grs 19 properties
17 grs 20 were
17 grs 21 assessed
18 predictive 19 properties
19 properties 20 were
21 assessed 22 with
21 assessed 30 grs
21 assessed 31 with
22 with 23 area
22 with 27 statistics
23 area 24 under
24 under 26 curve
25 the 26 curve
27 statistics 28 comparing
29 the 30 grs
31 with 42 and
32 age 33 and
33 and 34 sex
33 and 40 models
33 and 42 and
35 , 40 models
36 framingham 37 stroke
37 stroke 40 models
38 risk 39 score
39 score 40 models
40 models 41 ,
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 statistics
43 reclassification 44 statistics

these analyses [were] performed per cohort and [in] a meta - analysis of pooled data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 analyses
2 analyses 4 performed
2 analyses 5 per
2 analyses 7 and
5 per 6 cohort
7 and 12 analysis
7 and 13 of
9 a 10 meta
9 a 12 analysis
10 meta 11 -
10 meta 12 analysis
13 of 15 data
14 pooled 15 data

replication was sought in a case - control study [of] ischemic stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 replication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 replication 2 was
2 was 3 sought
3 sought 4 in
4 in 6 case
5 a 6 case
7 - 12 stroke
7 - 13 .
8 control 12 stroke
9 study 12 stroke
11 ischemic 12 stroke

results : in the meta - analysis , adding the grs to the framingham stroke risk score , age and sex model resulted in a significant improvement in discrimination [(] all stroke : δjoint area under the curve=0.016 , p=2.3×10 ( - 6 ) [;] ischemic stroke [:] [δjoint] [area] under the curve=0.021 , p=3.7×10 ( - 7 ) ) , [although] the overall area under the curve remained low . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 analysis
4 the 7 analysis
5 meta 6 -
5 meta 7 analysis
8 , 19 age
8 , 20 and
9 adding 11 grs
9 adding 18 ,
9 adding 19 age
10 the 11 grs
11 grs 12 to
12 to 17 score
13 the 17 score
14 framingham 15 stroke
15 stroke 16 risk
16 risk 17 score
20 and 22 model
20 and 23 resulted
21 sex 22 model
22 model 23 resulted
23 resulted 24 in
24 in 35 area
25 a 26 significant
25 a 35 area
26 significant 27 improvement
27 improvement 28 in
27 improvement 31 all
27 improvement 32 stroke
27 improvement 33 :
28 in 29 discrimination
31 all 32 stroke
34 δjoint 35 area
35 area 36 under
36 under 47 stroke
37 the 47 stroke
38 curve=0.016 40 p=2.3×10
38 curve=0.016 47 stroke
39 , 40 p=2.3×10
40 p=2.3×10 43 6
40 p=2.3×10 44 )
41 ( 43 6
42 - 43 6
43 6 44 )
46 ischemic 47 stroke
47 stroke 51 under
51 under 53 curve=0.021
52 the 53 curve=0.021
53 curve=0.021 55 p=3.7×10
53 curve=0.021 64 overall
54 , 55 p=3.7×10
55 p=3.7×10 58 7
55 p=3.7×10 60 )
56 ( 58 7
57 - 58 7
58 7 59 )
61 , 64 overall
63 the 64 overall
64 overall 65 area
64 overall 69 remained
64 overall 71 .
65 area 66 under
65 area 69 remained
66 under 68 curve
67 the 68 curve
69 remained 70 low

in all the studies , there was a highly significantly improved net reclassification index ( p<10 ( - 4 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 all
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 there
2 all 3 the
2 all 4 studies
3 the 4 studies
6 there 7 was
7 was 14 index
8 a 9 highly
8 a 14 index
9 highly 10 significantly
10 significantly 11 improved
11 improved 12 net
12 net 14 index
13 reclassification 14 index
14 index 16 p<10
15 ( 16 p<10
16 p<10 19 4
16 p<10 21 )
17 ( 19 4
18 - 19 4
19 4 20 )

conclusions : the single - nucleotide polymorphisms associated [with] stroke and its risk factors result only in a small improvement in prediction of future stroke compared [with] [the] classical epidemiological risk factors [for] stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 and
2 : 15 result
2 : 35 .
3 the 10 stroke
4 single 5 -
4 single 10 stroke
6 nucleotide 7 polymorphisms
7 polymorphisms 8 associated
8 associated 10 stroke
10 stroke 11 and
11 and 14 factors
11 and 15 result
12 its 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
15 result 16 only
15 result 21 in
16 only 17 in
17 in 20 improvement
18 a 19 small
18 a 20 improvement
19 small 20 improvement
21 in 22 prediction
22 prediction 23 of
23 of 31 risk
24 future 25 stroke
25 stroke 26 compared
26 compared 31 risk
29 classical 31 risk
30 epidemiological 31 risk
31 risk 32 factors
31 risk 34 stroke
32 factors 34 stroke

background and purpose : genome - wide association studies have revealed multiple common variants associated with known risk factors [for] [ischemic] stroke ( is ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
4 : 5 genome
4 : 6 -
4 : 26 .
6 - 9 studies
6 - 10 have
7 wide 9 studies
8 association 9 studies
9 studies 10 have
10 have 14 variants
11 revealed 14 variants
12 multiple 14 variants
13 common 14 variants
14 variants 15 associated
14 variants 19 factors
14 variants 22 stroke
14 variants 24 is
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 risk
17 known 18 risk
19 factors 22 stroke
23 ( 24 is
24 is 25 )

however , their aggregate effect on risk is uncertain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 effect
3 their 5 effect
4 aggregate 5 effect
5 effect 6 on
5 effect 8 is
6 on 7 risk
8 is 9 uncertain

we aimed to generate a multilocus genetic risk score ( grs ) for is based on genome [-] wide association studies data from clinical - based samples and to establish its external validity in prospective population - based cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
1 we 28 and
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 13 for
2 aimed 16 on
2 aimed 22 data
2 aimed 28 and
3 to 4 generate
4 generate 9 score
5 a 9 score
6 multilocus 9 score
7 genetic 9 score
8 risk 9 score
9 score 11 grs
10 ( 11 grs
11 grs 12 )
13 for 14 is
14 is 15 based
16 on 21 studies
17 genome 21 studies
19 wide 20 association
20 association 21 studies
22 data 23 from
23 from 27 samples
24 clinical 25 -
24 clinical 27 samples
26 based 27 samples
28 and 29 to
28 and 30 establish
29 to 30 establish
30 establish 33 validity
30 establish 34 in
31 its 33 validity
32 external 33 validity
34 in 36 population
35 prospective 36 population
37 - 39 cohorts
37 - 40 .
38 based 39 cohorts

methods : three thousand five hundred forty - eight [clinic] - based is cases and 6399 controls from the wellcome trust case control consortium 2 were used for derivation of the grs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 thousand
2 : 27 used
3 three 4 thousand
4 thousand 7 forty
4 thousand 12 based
4 thousand 26 were
5 five 6 hundred
6 hundred 7 forty
7 forty 9 eight
7 forty 12 based
8 - 9 eight
9 eight 11 -
12 based 15 and
13 is 14 cases
14 cases 15 and
15 and 17 controls
15 and 18 from
16 6399 17 controls
18 from 24 consortium
19 the 24 consortium
20 wellcome 21 trust
21 trust 22 case
22 case 23 control
23 control 24 consortium
24 consortium 25 2
26 were 27 used
27 used 28 for
28 for 29 derivation
29 derivation 30 of
30 of 32 grs
31 the 32 grs

subjects from the metastroke consortium served as a replication sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 served
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 subjects 2 from
1 subjects 6 served
2 from 5 consortium
3 the 5 consortium
4 metastroke 5 consortium
6 served 7 as
7 as 10 sample
8 a 10 sample
9 replication 10 sample

the validation sample consisted of 22 751 participants from the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 sample
2 validation 3 sample
3 sample 4 consisted
4 consisted 5 of
5 of 8 participants
6 22 8 participants
7 751 8 participants
8 participants 9 from
9 from 14 and
10 the 11 cohorts
11 cohorts 12 for
11 cohorts 14 and
12 for 13 heart
14 and 16 research
15 aging 16 research
16 research 17 in
17 in 20 consortium
18 genomic 19 epidemiology
19 epidemiology 20 consortium

we selected variants that had reached genome [-] wide significance in previous association studies on established risk factors for is . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 selected
2 selected 3 variants
3 variants 4 that
3 variants 5 had
4 that 5 had
5 had 6 reached
6 reached 10 significance
6 reached 11 in
6 reached 15 on
7 genome 10 significance
9 wide 10 significance
11 in 14 studies
12 previous 13 association
13 association 14 studies
15 on 18 factors
16 established 18 factors
17 risk 18 factors
18 factors 19 for
19 for 20 is

results : a combined grs for atrial fibrillation , coronary artery disease , hypertension , and systolic blood pressure significantly associated with is both in the case - control samples [and] in the prospective population - based studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 16 and
2 : 37 based
3 a 5 grs
4 combined 5 grs
5 grs 6 for
5 grs 9 ,
6 for 8 fibrillation
7 atrial 8 fibrillation
9 , 12 disease
9 , 13 ,
10 coronary 12 disease
11 artery 12 disease
13 , 14 hypertension
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 pressure
16 and 30 samples
16 and 37 based
17 systolic 18 blood
18 blood 19 pressure
19 pressure 21 associated
20 significantly 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 25 in
22 with 23 is
22 with 24 both
25 in 27 case
26 the 27 case
28 - 30 samples
29 control 30 samples
30 samples 32 in
30 samples 36 -
32 in 35 population
33 the 35 population
34 prospective 35 population
37 based 38 studies

subjects in the top quintile of the combined grs had >2 - fold increased risk of is compared with subjects in the lowest quintile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 subjects 2 in
1 subjects 6 of
1 subjects 10 had
2 in 5 quintile
3 the 5 quintile
4 top 5 quintile
6 of 9 grs
7 the 9 grs
8 combined 9 grs
10 had 15 risk
11 >2 12 -
11 >2 13 fold
13 fold 14 increased
14 increased 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 17 is
17 is 18 compared
18 compared 19 with
18 compared 24 quintile
19 with 20 subjects
20 subjects 21 in
21 in 23 lowest
22 the 23 lowest

addition of the combined grs to a simple model based on sex significantly improved the prediction of is in the combined clinic - based samples but not in the population - based studies , and there was no significant improvement in net reclassification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 addition 2 of
1 addition 10 based
2 of 5 grs
3 the 5 grs
4 combined 5 grs
5 grs 6 to
6 to 9 model
7 a 9 model
8 simple 9 model
10 based 11 on
10 based 16 prediction
11 on 12 sex
12 sex 14 improved
13 significantly 14 improved
15 the 16 prediction
16 prediction 17 of
16 prediction 19 in
16 prediction 25 samples
17 of 18 is
19 in 22 clinic
20 the 22 clinic
21 combined 22 clinic
23 - 25 samples
24 based 25 samples
25 samples 26 but
25 samples 28 in
25 samples 33 studies
25 samples 34 ,
26 but 27 not
28 in 30 population
29 the 30 population
31 - 33 studies
32 based 33 studies
33 studies 34 ,
35 and 36 there
35 and 37 was
36 there 37 was
37 was 40 improvement
38 no 40 improvement
39 significant 40 improvement
40 improvement 41 in
41 in 43 reclassification
42 net 43 reclassification

conclusions : a multilocus grs based on common variants for established cardiovascular risk factors was significantly associated with is both in clinic [-] based samples and in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 multilocus
2 : 17 associated
2 : 31 .
3 a 4 multilocus
4 multilocus 5 grs
4 multilocus 14 factors
4 multilocus 15 was
5 grs 6 based
5 grs 10 for
5 grs 14 factors
6 based 7 on
7 on 9 variants
8 common 9 variants
10 for 13 risk
11 established 13 risk
12 cardiovascular 13 risk
15 was 17 associated
16 significantly 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 26 and
18 with 19 is
18 with 20 both
21 in 25 samples
21 in 26 and
22 clinic 24 based
24 based 25 samples
26 and 27 in
27 in 30 population
28 the 30 population
29 general 30 population

however , the improvement in clinical risk prediction was found to be small . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 improvement
3 the 4 improvement
4 improvement 5 in
4 improvement 9 was
5 in 8 prediction
6 clinical 8 prediction
7 risk 8 prediction
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 small

[none] background : left [ventricular] ( lv ) diastolic dysfunction is often observed in healthy older subjects without structural heart disease , although its exact mechanisms have not been established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
3 : 10 dysfunction
3 : 13 observed
4 left 7 lv
4 left 10 dysfunction
6 ( 7 lv
7 lv 8 )
9 diastolic 10 dysfunction
10 dysfunction 11 is
11 is 12 often
11 is 13 observed
13 observed 14 in
13 observed 23 although
14 in 17 subjects
15 healthy 17 subjects
16 older 17 subjects
17 subjects 18 without
18 without 21 disease
19 structural 20 heart
20 heart 21 disease
22 , 23 although
23 although 26 mechanisms
24 its 26 mechanisms
25 exact 26 mechanisms
26 mechanisms 27 have
27 have 28 not
27 have 29 been
29 been 30 established

a decrease in the aorto - septal angle ( asa ) , an alteration of [lv] shape due to aortic elongation , is also frequently seen in elderly subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 in
2 decrease 23 is
3 in 8 angle
4 the 8 angle
5 aorto 6 -
5 aorto 8 angle
7 septal 8 angle
8 angle 10 asa
8 angle 14 alteration
9 ( 10 asa
10 asa 11 )
12 , 14 alteration
13 an 14 alteration
14 alteration 15 of
14 alteration 22 ,
15 of 17 shape
17 shape 19 to
18 due 19 to
19 to 21 elongation
20 aortic 21 elongation
23 is 24 also
23 is 26 seen
25 frequently 26 seen
26 seen 27 in
27 in 29 subjects
28 elderly 29 subjects

the objective of this study was to evaluate whether it can contribute to lv diastolic dysfunction in healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 9 whether
9 whether 10 it
9 whether 12 contribute
10 it 11 can
11 can 12 contribute
12 contribute 13 to
12 contribute 16 dysfunction
12 contribute 17 in
13 to 14 lv
15 diastolic 16 dysfunction
17 in 19 subjects
18 healthy 19 subjects

methods : echocardiography was performed in 77 healthy subjects ( 42 men , mean age 43.2 ± 13.8 years ) to measure the asa , early diastolic transmitral flow velocity [(] e ) , isovolumic relaxation time ( irt ) , and early diastolic mitral annular velocity [(] [e] ['] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 )(
2 : 3 echocardiography
2 : 22 measure
2 : 34 ,
3 echocardiography 4 was
4 was 5 performed
5 performed 6 in
5 performed 21 to
6 in 9 subjects
7 77 9 subjects
8 healthy 9 subjects
9 subjects 12 men
9 subjects 19 years
10 ( 12 men
11 42 12 men
12 men 13 ,
13 , 19 years
14 mean 15 age
15 age 19 years
16 43.2 17 ±
17 ± 19 years
18 13.8 19 years
19 years 20 )
21 to 22 measure
22 measure 24 asa
23 the 24 asa
24 asa 30 velocity
25 , 30 velocity
26 early 29 flow
27 diastolic 29 flow
28 transmitral 29 flow
29 flow 30 velocity
30 velocity 32 e
30 velocity 33 )
34 , 47 velocity
35 isovolumic 37 time
35 isovolumic 42 and
36 relaxation 37 time
37 time 39 irt
38 ( 39 irt
39 irt 40 )
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 early
42 and 47 velocity
44 diastolic 47 velocity
45 mitral 47 velocity
46 annular 47 velocity

the [lv] peak early diastolic longitudinal strain rate ( gsre ) was measured using a two [-] dimensional speckle tracking imaging technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 8 rate
3 peak 8 rate
4 early 7 strain
5 diastolic 7 strain
6 longitudinal 7 strain
7 strain 8 rate
8 rate 10 gsre
8 rate 12 was
9 ( 10 gsre
10 gsre 11 )
12 was 13 measured
13 measured 14 using
14 using 19 speckle
15 a 19 speckle
16 two 19 speckle
18 dimensional 19 speckle
19 speckle 20 tracking
20 tracking 22 technique
21 imaging 22 technique

results : asa was significantly correlated with e ( r = 0.54 , p < 0.001 ) , irt ( r = - 0.41 , p < 0.001 ) [,] e ['] ( r = 0.57 , p < 0.001 ) , and gsre ( r = 0.63 , p < 0.001 ) [and] shown by stepwise multivariate analysis to be the strongest independent determinant of e , irt , and gsre , and one of the independent determinants [of] [e] ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 83 .
2 : 3 asa
2 : 6 correlated
2 : 18 ,
2 : 68 ,
3 asa 4 was
4 was 6 correlated
5 significantly 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 with
6 correlated 11 =
6 correlated 15 <
7 with 8 e
9 ( 11 =
10 r 11 =
11 = 12 0.54
11 = 13 ,
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.001
15 < 17 )
18 , 43 and
19 irt 23 -
19 irt 43 and
20 ( 23 -
21 r 22 =
22 = 23 -
23 - 24 0.41
23 - 41 )
24 0.41 27 <
24 0.41 35 =
24 0.41 39 <
25 , 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 28 0.001
27 < 29 )
31 e 35 =
33 ( 35 =
34 r 35 =
35 = 36 0.57
35 = 37 ,
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.001
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 gsre
43 and 68 ,
44 gsre 47 =
44 gsre 55 shown
45 ( 47 =
46 r 47 =
47 = 48 0.63
48 0.63 51 <
49 , 51 <
50 p 51 <
51 < 52 0.001
51 < 53 )
55 shown 56 by
55 shown 59 analysis
55 shown 60 to
56 by 58 multivariate
57 stepwise 58 multivariate
60 to 61 be
61 be 65 determinant
62 the 63 strongest
62 the 65 determinant
64 independent 65 determinant
65 determinant 66 of
66 of 67 e
68 , 74 and
69 irt 71 and
70 , 71 and
71 and 72 gsre
71 and 74 and
73 , 74 and
74 and 75 one
75 one 76 of
76 of 79 determinants
77 the 79 determinants
78 independent 79 determinants

conclusions : the alteration of lv shape associated with reduced asa may be one of the causes of lv diastolic [dysfunction] independently of age in otherwise healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 alteration
3 the 4 alteration
4 alteration 5 of
4 alteration 7 shape
4 alteration 13 be
5 of 6 lv
7 shape 8 associated
7 shape 12 may
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 asa
10 reduced 11 asa
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 one
14 one 15 of
14 one 18 of
14 one 20 diastolic
15 of 17 causes
16 the 17 causes
18 of 19 lv
20 diastolic 22 independently
20 diastolic 25 in
22 independently 23 of
23 of 24 age
25 in 28 subjects
26 otherwise 27 healthy
27 healthy 28 subjects

background : the issue of ageing within the cohort of people with intellectual disabilities has been an increasing focus for research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 issue
2 : 16 been
3 the 4 issue
4 issue 5 of
4 issue 15 has
5 of 6 ageing
6 ageing 7 within
7 within 9 cohort
8 the 9 cohort
9 cohort 10 of
10 of 11 people
11 people 12 with
12 with 14 disabilities
13 intellectual 14 disabilities
15 has 16 been
16 been 19 focus
17 an 19 focus
18 increasing 19 focus
19 focus 20 for
20 for 21 research

however , [the] training needs of the staff who support them has not been [subject] of extensive examination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 training
4 training 5 needs
4 training 12 has
5 needs 6 of
5 needs 9 who
5 needs 10 support
6 of 8 staff
7 the 8 staff
9 who 10 support
10 support 11 them
12 has 13 not
12 has 14 been
14 been 16 of
16 of 18 examination
17 extensive 18 examination

materials and methods : a multiround delphi project was conducted focusing upon the impact ageing issues have on the support provided by disability workers , and what training is required to address the identified areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 8 project
4 : 9 was
4 : 26 and
4 : 32 address
5 a 8 project
6 multiround 8 project
7 delphi 8 project
8 project 9 was
9 was 11 focusing
9 was 12 upon
9 was 18 on
9 was 22 by
10 conducted 11 focusing
12 upon 14 impact
13 the 14 impact
14 impact 16 issues
14 impact 17 have
15 ageing 16 issues
16 issues 17 have
18 on 20 support
19 the 20 support
20 support 21 provided
22 by 24 workers
23 disability 24 workers
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 what
26 and 30 required
28 training 29 is
29 is 30 required
30 required 31 to
31 to 32 address
32 address 35 areas
33 the 35 areas
34 identified 35 areas

results : three rounds of the delphi identified twenty - six separate important issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 rounds
2 : 8 identified
2 : 15 .
3 three 4 rounds
4 rounds 5 of
4 rounds 8 identified
5 of 7 delphi
6 the 7 delphi
8 identified 10 -
8 identified 14 issues
9 twenty 10 -
10 - 11 six
12 separate 14 issues
13 important 14 issues

a thematic analysis identified five main themes including generic training issues ; medical issues ; emerging ageing issues requiring changing support ; mental health issues [;] and quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 2 thematic
1 a 3 analysis
2 thematic 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 identified
4 identified 7 themes
5 five 7 themes
6 main 7 themes
7 themes 8 including
8 including 11 issues
9 generic 10 training
10 training 11 issues
12 ; 14 issues
12 ; 15 ;
13 medical 14 issues
15 ; 21 support
15 ; 22 ;
16 emerging 17 ageing
17 ageing 18 issues
18 issues 19 requiring
19 requiring 20 changing
20 changing 21 support
22 ; 27 and
23 mental 24 health
24 health 25 issues
25 issues 27 and
27 and 28 quality
27 and 29 of
29 of 30 life

conclusions : the study identified a series of training priorities for staff assisting people ageing with an intellectual disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 identified
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 identified
5 identified 7 series
5 identified 11 for
5 identified 16 with
6 a 7 series
7 series 8 of
8 of 10 priorities
9 training 10 priorities
11 for 15 ageing
12 staff 13 assisting
13 assisting 15 ageing
14 people 15 ageing
16 with 19 disability
17 an 18 intellectual
17 an 19 disability
18 intellectual 19 disability

it would appear possible for many training programmes to be developed and delivered with minimal cost impacts even within rural localities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 would
2 would 3 appear
3 appear 4 possible
4 possible 5 for
4 possible 9 to
4 possible 12 and
5 for 8 programmes
6 many 8 programmes
7 training 8 programmes
9 to 10 be
10 be 12 and
11 developed 12 and
12 and 13 delivered
12 and 14 with
12 and 18 even
14 with 16 cost
15 minimal 16 cost
17 impacts 18 even
18 even 19 within
19 within 21 localities
20 rural 21 localities

purpose : the purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in the response of the spine and pelvis to simulated leg length inequalities ( llis ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 was
2 : 29 .
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 13 in
8 was 21 to
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 12 differences
11 age 12 differences
13 in 15 response
14 the 15 response
15 response 16 of
16 of 19 and
17 the 18 spine
18 spine 19 and
19 and 20 pelvis
21 to 25 inequalities
22 simulated 23 leg
23 leg 25 inequalities
24 length 25 inequalities
25 inequalities 27 llis
26 ( 27 llis
27 llis 28 )

methods : a total of 107 subjects , separated into three age groups ( group 1 : 20 - 39 years , group 2 : 40 - 59 years , group 3 [:] >60 years ) , were used to evaluate for any age effects in the response to llis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
2 : 4 total
2 : 25 :
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 subjects
6 107 7 subjects
7 subjects 9 separated
8 , 9 separated
9 separated 10 into
9 separated 25 :
10 into 13 groups
11 three 13 groups
12 age 13 groups
13 groups 21 years
13 groups 23 group
14 ( 21 years
15 group 16 1
15 group 17 :
17 : 19 -
18 20 19 -
19 - 20 39
20 39 21 years
21 years 22 ,
22 , 23 group
23 group 24 2
23 group 25 :
25 : 26 40
25 : 39 used
26 40 29 years
26 40 38 were
27 - 29 years
28 59 29 years
29 years 35 years
29 years 37 ,
30 , 35 years
31 group 35 years
32 3 35 years
34 >60 35 years
35 years 36 )
38 were 39 used
39 used 40 to
39 used 41 evaluate
40 to 41 evaluate
41 evaluate 42 for
41 evaluate 45 effects
42 for 44 age
43 any 44 age
45 effects 46 in
46 in 48 response
47 the 48 response
48 response 49 to
49 to 50 llis

llis of +10 , +20 , and +30 [mm] were simulated with a simulation platform on both sides , and the respective changes of pelvic position [(] pelvic obliquity , pelvic torsion [ )(and spinal posture ( lateral deviation , surface rotation , kyphotic , and lordotic angles [ )(were measured with a rasterstereographic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 simulated
1 llis 2 of
1 llis 7 and
2 of 5 +20
3 +10 4 ,
3 +10 5 +20
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 +30
7 and 10 were
10 were 11 simulated
11 simulated 12 with
12 with 15 platform
12 with 16 on
13 a 15 platform
14 simulation 15 platform
16 on 20 and
17 both 20 and
18 sides 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 changes
20 and 24 of
21 the 23 changes
22 respective 23 changes
24 of 34 )(and
25 pelvic 26 position
26 position 29 obliquity
28 pelvic 29 obliquity
29 obliquity 30 ,
30 , 32 torsion
30 , 34 )(and
31 pelvic 32 torsion
34 )(and 36 posture
34 )(and 46 and
35 spinal 36 posture
37 ( 46 and
38 lateral 39 deviation
39 deviation 40 ,
40 , 42 rotation
40 , 43 ,
41 surface 42 rotation
43 , 44 kyphotic
43 , 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 lordotic
46 and 48 angles
46 and 50 )(were
46 and 51 measured
46 and 56 .
48 angles 50 )(were
51 measured 52 with
52 with 55 system
53 a 54 rasterstereographic
53 a 55 system
54 rasterstereographic 55 system

results : in all three age groups an increase in lli led to significant changes in the pelvic position as measured by the parameters of pelvic obliquity and torsion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 6 age
2 : 7 groups
3 in 5 three
3 in 6 age
4 all 5 three
6 age 7 groups
7 groups 28 and
8 an 9 increase
9 increase 10 in
9 increase 22 by
9 increase 28 and
10 in 11 lli
11 lli 12 led
11 lli 21 measured
12 led 13 to
12 led 20 as
13 to 15 changes
14 significant 15 changes
15 changes 16 in
16 in 19 position
17 the 19 position
18 pelvic 19 position
20 as 21 measured
22 by 24 parameters
23 the 24 parameters
24 parameters 25 of
25 of 27 obliquity
26 pelvic 27 obliquity
28 and 29 torsion

no significant differences in the response of the pelvis to the llis were found between the age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 in
3 differences 13 were
4 in 6 response
5 the 6 response
6 response 7 of
7 of 9 pelvis
8 the 9 pelvis
9 pelvis 10 to
10 to 12 llis
11 the 12 llis
13 were 14 found
14 found 15 between
15 between 18 groups
16 the 18 groups
17 age 18 groups

in all age groups an increase in surface rotation and lateral deviation of the spine with increasing llis was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 4 groups
1 in 6 increase
2 all 4 groups
3 age 4 groups
5 an 6 increase
6 increase 7 in
6 increase 13 of
6 increase 16 with
6 increase 19 was
7 in 10 and
8 surface 9 rotation
9 rotation 10 and
10 and 12 deviation
11 lateral 12 deviation
13 of 15 spine
14 the 15 spine
16 with 17 increasing
17 increasing 18 llis
19 was 20 found

however , none of these parameters responded significantly [different] between the three age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 responded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 parameters
3 none 4 of
3 none 6 parameters
4 of 6 parameters
5 these 6 parameters
6 parameters 7 responded
7 responded 8 significantly
7 responded 10 between
10 between 14 groups
11 the 12 three
12 three 14 groups
13 age 14 groups

conclusions : under static conditions , llis lead to significant changes of the pelvic position and spinal posture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 llis
2 : 8 lead
2 : 19 .
3 under 5 conditions
3 under 6 ,
3 under 7 llis
4 static 5 conditions
7 llis 8 lead
8 lead 9 to
9 to 11 changes
10 significant 11 changes
11 changes 12 of
12 of 16 and
13 the 15 position
14 pelvic 15 position
15 position 16 and
16 and 18 posture
17 spinal 18 posture

despite all known age - related changes , no significant differences of the measured pelvic and spinal parameters in elderly patients as a response to the simulated llis occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 despite 2 all
1 despite 4 age
2 all 3 known
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 changes
8 , 11 differences
8 , 29 occurred
9 no 11 differences
10 significant 11 differences
11 differences 12 of
11 differences 22 as
11 differences 29 occurred
12 of 18 parameters
13 the 18 parameters
14 measured 18 parameters
15 pelvic 16 and
16 and 17 spinal
16 and 18 parameters
18 parameters 19 in
19 in 21 patients
20 elderly 21 patients
22 as 24 response
23 a 24 response
24 response 25 to
25 to 28 llis
26 the 28 llis
27 simulated 28 llis

background : the xanthophylls [lutein] ( l [ )(and zeaxanthin ( z ) exist in relatively high concentration in multiple central nervous tissues ( e.g [.] [cortex] and neural retina ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 xanthophylls
2 : 14 exist
2 : 32 .
3 the 4 xanthophylls
4 xanthophylls 9 )(and
4 xanthophylls 14 exist
6 ( 9 )(and
7 l 9 )(and
9 )(and 10 zeaxanthin
9 )(and 12 z
9 )(and 13 )
11 ( 12 z
12 z 13 )
14 exist 15 in
14 exist 19 in
15 in 18 concentration
16 relatively 17 high
17 high 18 concentration
19 in 23 tissues
20 multiple 23 tissues
21 central 23 tissues
22 nervous 23 tissues
23 tissues 28 and
24 ( 28 and
25 e.g 28 and
28 and 30 retina
28 and 31 )
29 neural 30 retina

l + z [in] macula ( i.e [.] macular pigment , mp ) are thought to serve multiple functions , including protection and improvement of visual performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 macula
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 l 2 +
2 + 3 z
2 + 5 macula
5 macula 10 pigment
5 macula 12 mp
5 macula 14 are
6 ( 10 pigment
7 i.e 10 pigment
9 macular 10 pigment
10 pigment 11 ,
11 , 12 mp
12 mp 13 )
14 are 23 and
15 thought 16 to
15 thought 20 ,
16 to 19 functions
17 serve 19 functions
18 multiple 19 functions
20 , 22 protection
20 , 23 and
21 including 22 protection
23 and 24 improvement
23 and 25 of
25 of 27 performance
26 visual 27 performance

also , l + z [in] [the] macula [are] related to l [+] z in the cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 macula
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 8 macula
3 l 4 +
4 + 5 z
4 + 8 macula
8 macula 10 related
10 related 11 to
10 related 14 z
10 related 15 in
11 to 12 l
15 in 17 cortex
16 the 17 cortex

objective : to determine whether macular pigment optical density ( mpod , l + z [in] [the] macula ) is related to [cognitive] function in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 24 function
2 : 28 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 22 to
5 whether 9 density
5 whether 21 related
6 macular 7 pigment
7 pigment 9 density
8 optical 9 density
9 density 11 mpod
9 density 18 macula
9 density 20 is
10 ( 11 mpod
11 mpod 12 ,
12 , 18 macula
13 l 14 +
14 + 15 z
14 + 18 macula
18 macula 19 )
20 is 21 related
22 to 24 function
24 function 25 in
25 in 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

methods : [participants] were older adults ( n = 108 , 77.6 ± 2.7 years ) sampled from the age - related maculopathy ancillary study of the health aging and body composition study ( memphis , tn , usa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 were
4 were 6 adults
4 were 17 sampled
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 9 =
6 adults 15 years
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 108
11 , 15 years
12 77.6 15 years
13 ± 15 years
14 2.7 15 years
15 years 16 )
17 sampled 18 from
18 from 20 age
19 the 20 age
21 - 22 related
22 related 25 study
23 maculopathy 25 study
24 ancillary 25 study
25 study 26 of
26 of 30 and
27 the 29 aging
28 health 29 aging
29 aging 30 and
30 and 33 study
30 and 35 memphis
30 and 37 tn
31 body 32 composition
32 composition 33 study
34 ( 35 memphis
35 memphis 36 ,
36 , 37 tn
37 tn 39 usa
37 tn 40 )
38 , 39 usa
39 usa 40 )

serum carotenoids were measured using high performance liquid chromatography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 carotenoids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 serum 2 carotenoids
2 carotenoids 3 were
3 were 4 measured
4 measured 5 using
5 using 9 chromatography
6 high 7 performance
7 performance 9 chromatography
8 liquid 9 chromatography

mpod was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mpod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 mpod 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 using
4 using 7 photometry
5 heterochromatic 6 flicker
6 flicker 7 photometry

eight cognitive tests designed to evaluate several cognitive domains including memory and processing speed were administered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 eight 3 tests
2 cognitive 3 tests
3 tests 4 designed
3 tests 12 and
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 6 evaluate
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 9 domains
7 several 9 domains
8 cognitive 9 domains
9 domains 10 including
10 including 11 memory
12 and 14 speed
12 and 15 were
13 processing 14 speed
15 were 16 administered

partial correlation coefficients were computed to determine whether cognitive measures were related to serum l + z [and] mpod . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coefficients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 partial 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 coefficients
3 coefficients 4 were
4 were 5 computed
5 computed 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 whether
8 whether 10 measures
8 whether 12 related
9 cognitive 10 measures
10 measures 11 were
11 were 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 19 mpod
14 serum 19 mpod
15 l 16 +
16 + 17 z
16 + 19 mpod

results : mpod levels were significantly associated with better global cognition , verbal learning and fluency , recall , processing speed and perceptual speed , whereas serum l [+] z was significantly related to only verbal fluency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mpod
3 mpod 4 levels
3 mpod 5 were
3 mpod 7 associated
3 mpod 14 learning
4 levels 5 were
5 were 6 significantly
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 12 ,
7 associated 13 verbal
8 with 11 cognition
9 better 11 cognition
10 global 11 cognition
15 and 22 and
15 and 24 speed
16 fluency 17 ,
17 , 18 recall
17 , 19 ,
19 , 21 speed
19 , 22 and
20 processing 21 speed
22 and 23 perceptual
22 and 24 speed
24 speed 26 whereas
25 , 26 whereas
26 whereas 27 serum
27 serum 28 l
27 serum 30 z
27 serum 31 was
27 serum 33 related
30 z 31 was
31 was 32 significantly
33 related 34 to
34 to 37 fluency
35 only 36 verbal
36 verbal 37 fluency

conclusion : mpod is related to [cognitive] function in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 mpod
2 : 5 related
2 : 12 .
3 mpod 4 is
4 is 5 related
5 related 6 to
6 to 8 function
8 function 9 in
9 in 11 people
10 older 11 people

its role as a potential biomarker [of] cognitive function deserves further study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 deserves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 its 2 role
2 role 3 as
2 role 10 deserves
3 as 9 function
4 a 5 potential
4 a 9 function
5 potential 9 function
6 biomarker 9 function
8 cognitive 9 function
10 deserves 12 study
11 further 12 study

neurodegenerative diseases , alzheimer 's disease ( ad [ )(and parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , constitute a major worldwide health problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 constitute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 neurodegenerative 2 diseases
2 diseases 6 disease
2 diseases 18 constitute
3 , 6 disease
4 alzheimer 5 's
5 's 6 disease
6 disease 10 )(and
6 disease 17 ,
7 ( 10 )(and
8 ad 10 )(and
10 )(and 13 disease
10 )(and 15 pd
10 )(and 17 ,
11 parkinson 12 's
12 's 13 disease
14 ( 15 pd
15 pd 16 )
18 constitute 23 problem
19 a 20 major
19 a 23 problem
20 major 22 health
21 worldwide 22 health
22 health 23 problem

several [hypothesis] have been put forth to elucidate the basis [of] onset and pathogenesis of ad and pd ; however , [till] date , none of these seems to clearly elucidate the complex pathoetiology of these disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 put
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 several 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 put
5 put 6 forth
5 put 7 to
7 to 8 elucidate
8 elucidate 13 and
9 the 12 onset
10 basis 12 onset
12 onset 13 and
13 and 14 pathogenesis
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 ad 17 and
17 and 18 pd
19 ; 23 date
19 ; 24 ,
20 however 21 ,
20 however 23 date
24 , 25 none
24 , 28 seems
25 none 26 of
25 none 28 seems
26 of 27 these
28 seems 29 to
28 seems 31 elucidate
29 to 31 elucidate
30 clearly 31 elucidate
31 elucidate 34 pathoetiology
32 the 34 pathoetiology
33 complex 34 pathoetiology
34 pathoetiology 35 of
35 of 37 disorders
36 these 37 disorders

notably , copper [dyshomeostasis] has been shown to underlie the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases including ad and pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 copper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shown
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 3 copper
3 copper 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 shown
7 shown 8 to
8 to 9 underlie
9 underlie 11 pathophysiology
10 the 11 pathophysiology
11 pathophysiology 12 of
12 of 15 diseases
13 several 15 diseases
14 neurodegenerative 15 diseases
15 diseases 16 including
16 including 19 pd
17 ad 18 and
18 and 19 pd
19 pd 20 .

numerous studies have concluded beyond doubt that imbalance in copper homeostatic mechanisms in conjunction with aging causes [an] acceleration in the copper toxicity elicited oxidative stress , which is detrimental to the central nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 numerous
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 concluded
4 concluded 5 beyond
4 concluded 20 in
5 beyond 6 doubt
6 doubt 7 that
7 that 8 imbalance
7 that 17 causes
8 imbalance 9 in
8 imbalance 15 with
8 imbalance 17 causes
9 in 12 mechanisms
10 copper 12 mechanisms
11 homeostatic 12 mechanisms
13 in 14 conjunction
14 conjunction 15 with
15 with 16 aging
17 causes 19 acceleration
20 in 26 stress
21 the 26 stress
22 copper 23 toxicity
23 toxicity 24 elicited
24 elicited 26 stress
25 oxidative 26 stress
27 , 28 which
27 , 29 is
28 which 29 is
29 is 30 detrimental
30 detrimental 31 to
31 to 35 system
32 the 35 system
33 central 35 system
34 nervous 35 system

amyloid precursor protein and α - synuclein protein involved in ad and pd are copper binding proteins , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 copper
1 amyloid 2 precursor
2 precursor 3 protein
3 protein 4 and
4 and 8 protein
4 and 9 involved
4 and 14 are
5 α 6 -
5 α 8 protein
7 synuclein 8 protein
9 involved 10 in
10 in 13 pd
11 ad 12 and
12 and 13 pd
14 are 15 copper
15 copper 17 proteins
15 copper 19 respectively
16 binding 17 proteins
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 .

in this review , we have discussed the possible association of copper metabolism proteins with ad and pd [along] with briefly outlining the expanding proportion of " copper interactome " in human biology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 have
6 have 7 discussed
7 discussed 10 association
7 discussed 15 with
8 the 10 association
9 possible 10 association
10 association 11 of
11 of 14 proteins
12 copper 13 metabolism
13 metabolism 14 proteins
15 with 18 pd
16 ad 17 and
17 and 18 pd
18 pd 20 with
18 pd 26 of
20 with 22 outlining
21 briefly 22 outlining
22 outlining 25 proportion
23 the 25 proportion
24 expanding 25 proportion
26 of 27 "
26 of 28 copper
28 copper 29 interactome
29 interactome 30 "
29 interactome 31 in
31 in 33 biology
32 human 33 biology

using network biology , we found that copper metabolism proteins , superoxide dismutase 1 and ceruloplasmin may represent direct and indirect link with ad and pd , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 using 3 biology
1 using 4 ,
1 using 5 we
2 network 3 biology
5 we 11 ,
6 found 7 that
6 found 10 proteins
6 found 11 ,
8 copper 10 proteins
9 metabolism 10 proteins
11 , 18 represent
12 superoxide 13 dismutase
13 dismutase 14 1
13 dismutase 15 and
15 and 16 ceruloplasmin
15 and 17 may
17 may 18 represent
18 represent 20 and
18 represent 23 with
18 represent 28 respectively
19 direct 20 and
20 and 22 link
21 indirect 22 link
23 with 25 and
24 ad 25 and
25 and 26 pd
27 , 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 .

liver injuries can be significant in vehicle crashes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 injuries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 liver 2 injuries
2 injuries 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 significant
5 significant 6 in
6 in 8 crashes
7 vehicle 8 crashes

in this study , the liver anatomy was quantified in both [adult] and pediatric populations as a function of gender and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 anatomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 anatomy
2 this 3 study
5 the 7 anatomy
6 liver 7 anatomy
7 anatomy 8 was
8 was 9 quantified
9 quantified 10 in
9 quantified 16 as
10 in 13 and
11 both 13 and
13 and 15 populations
14 pediatric 15 populations
16 as 21 and
17 a 18 function
18 function 19 of
18 function 21 and
19 of 20 gender
21 and 22 age

five anatomical liver measurements were determined using ct scans of 260 normal livers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 five 4 measurements
2 anatomical 3 liver
3 liver 4 measurements
4 measurements 5 were
5 were 7 using
6 determined 7 using
7 using 8 ct
7 using 9 scans
7 using 10 of
8 ct 9 scans
10 of 13 livers
11 260 13 livers
12 normal 13 livers

these measurements include the area and volume , and the length , width , and girth of the liver ( irb hum00041441 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 include
3 include 15 and
4 the 15 and
5 area 6 and
6 and 7 volume
6 and 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 length
9 and 13 width
9 and 15 and
10 the 11 length
12 , 13 width
13 width 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 girth
15 and 17 of
17 of 19 liver
18 the 19 liver
19 liver 22 hum00041441
20 ( 22 hum00041441
21 irb 22 hum00041441
22 hum00041441 23 )

to characterize geometrical shape , an inscribed sphere and circumscribed ellipsoid were fitted on the measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characterize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 to 2 characterize
2 characterize 4 shape
3 geometrical 4 shape
5 , 9 and
5 , 13 fitted
6 an 8 sphere
7 inscribed 8 sphere
8 sphere 9 and
9 and 11 ellipsoid
9 and 12 were
10 circumscribed 11 ellipsoid
12 were 13 fitted
13 fitted 14 on
14 on 16 measurements
15 the 16 measurements

in the pediatric population the liver area and volume continuously increased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 4 population
1 in 8 and
2 the 4 population
3 pediatric 4 population
5 the 7 area
6 liver 7 area
7 area 8 and
8 and 9 volume
8 and 11 increased
10 continuously 11 increased
11 increased 12 with
12 with 13 age

when normalized by patient weight , volume measurements show a decrease in volume with age , suggesting that the liver occupies a smaller proportion of the body with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 show
1 when 2 normalized
1 when 6 ,
1 when 8 measurements
2 normalized 3 by
3 by 5 weight
4 patient 5 weight
7 volume 8 measurements
8 measurements 9 show
9 show 11 decrease
9 show 12 in
9 show 14 with
10 a 11 decrease
12 in 13 volume
14 with 15 age
15 age 17 suggesting
16 , 17 suggesting
17 suggesting 18 that
17 suggesting 30 .
18 that 20 liver
18 that 21 occupies
19 the 20 liver
20 liver 21 occupies
21 occupies 24 proportion
21 occupies 28 with
22 a 24 proportion
23 smaller 24 proportion
24 proportion 25 of
25 of 27 body
26 the 27 body
28 with 29 age

in the adult population , liver measurements varied with gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 4 population
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 measurements
2 the 4 population
3 adult 4 population
6 liver 7 measurements
7 measurements 8 varied
8 varied 9 with
9 with 10 gender

the superior and inferior locations of the liver were also recorded with respect to the spine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 superior
2 superior 3 and
3 and 5 locations
3 and 6 of
3 and 9 were
4 inferior 5 locations
6 of 8 liver
7 the 8 liver
9 were 10 also
9 were 11 recorded
11 recorded 12 with
11 recorded 14 to
12 with 13 respect
14 to 16 spine
15 the 16 spine

the lower portion was at the l3 in small children and at l2 as children approached puberty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 portion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
1 the 3 portion
2 lower 3 portion
3 portion 4 was
4 was 5 at
5 at 7 l3
6 the 7 l3
7 l3 11 and
8 in 10 children
8 in 11 and
9 small 10 children
11 and 12 at
12 at 13 l2
13 l2 16 approached
14 as 15 children
14 as 16 approached
15 children 16 approached
16 approached 17 puberty
16 approached 18 .

it stayed in that area through the 60+ group , offering more ribcage protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stayed
1 it 2 stayed
2 stayed 3 in
2 stayed 6 through
3 in 5 area
4 that 5 area
6 through 9 group
7 the 9 group
8 60+ 9 group
9 group 11 offering
10 , 11 offering
11 offering 13 ribcage
11 offering 14 protection
11 offering 15 .
12 more 13 ribcage

liver injury patterns were also assessed in crash occupants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 liver 3 patterns
2 injury 3 patterns
3 patterns 4 were
4 were 6 assessed
5 also 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 in
7 in 9 occupants
8 crash 9 occupants

seventy - two occupants [with] moderate to severe ( ais 2+ ) liver injuries were investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occupants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 seventy 2 -
2 - 3 two
2 - 4 occupants
4 occupants 6 moderate
4 occupants 15 were
6 moderate 7 to
7 to 14 injuries
8 severe 11 2+
8 severe 13 liver
9 ( 11 2+
10 ais 11 2+
11 2+ 12 )
13 liver 14 injuries
15 were 16 investigated

a new methodology was presented and consisted of quantifying blood volumes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 a 2 new
1 a 3 methodology
2 new 3 methodology
3 methodology 4 was
4 was 6 and
5 presented 6 and
6 and 7 consisted
6 and 11 volumes
7 consisted 8 of
8 of 9 quantifying
9 quantifying 10 blood

the results were compared to overall liver volume and injury scales . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 were
3 were 4 compared
4 compared 5 to
5 to 9 and
6 overall 7 liver
7 liver 8 volume
8 volume 9 and
9 and 11 scales
10 injury 11 scales

no clear distinction on the injury pattern was observed by age [group] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 distinction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 no 3 distinction
2 clear 3 distinction
3 distinction 4 on
3 distinction 8 was
4 on 7 pattern
5 the 7 pattern
6 injury 7 pattern
8 was 9 observed
9 observed 10 by
10 by 11 age

liver injuries were more commonly associated with ais 2+ thoracic injuries in adults than in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 injuries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 liver 2 injuries
2 injuries 3 were
3 were 4 more
3 were 6 associated
5 commonly 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 14 than
7 with 11 injuries
8 ais 11 injuries
9 2+ 11 injuries
10 thoracic 11 injuries
11 injuries 12 in
12 in 13 adults
14 than 15 in
15 in 16 children

most injuries occurred in the right lobe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 injuries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 most 2 injuries
2 injuries 3 occurred
3 occurred 4 in
4 in 7 lobe
5 the 7 lobe
6 right 7 lobe

glass polyalkenoate cements ( gpcs [ )(containing aluminum - free borate glasses having the general composition ag2o - na2o - cao - sro - zno - tio2 - b2o3 were evaluated in this work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 polyalkenoate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 glass 2 polyalkenoate
2 polyalkenoate 3 cements
3 cements 9 -
3 cements 23 sro
4 ( 9 -
5 gpcs 7 )(containing
5 gpcs 9 -
7 )(containing 8 aluminum
9 - 12 glasses
9 - 22 -
10 free 11 borate
11 borate 12 glasses
12 glasses 13 having
12 glasses 19 na2o
13 having 17 ag2o
14 the 16 composition
15 general 16 composition
16 composition 17 ag2o
18 - 19 na2o
19 na2o 21 cao
19 na2o 22 -
20 - 21 cao
21 cao 22 -
24 - 29 b2o3
24 - 31 evaluated
24 - 35 .
25 zno 26 -
25 zno 29 b2o3
26 - 27 tio2
27 tio2 28 -
27 tio2 29 b2o3
29 b2o3 30 were
30 were 31 evaluated
31 evaluated 32 in
32 in 34 work
33 this 34 work

an initial screening study of sixteen compositions was used to identify regions of glass formation and cement compositions with promising rheological properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 initial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 an 2 initial
2 initial 3 screening
2 initial 8 was
3 screening 4 study
4 study 5 of
5 of 7 compositions
6 sixteen 7 compositions
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 16 and
10 to 16 and
11 identify 12 regions
11 identify 16 and
12 regions 13 of
13 of 15 formation
14 glass 15 formation
16 and 17 cement
17 cement 18 compositions
18 compositions 19 with
19 with 22 properties
20 promising 22 properties
21 rheological 22 properties

the results of the screening study were used to develop four model borate glass compositions for further study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 7 were
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 screening 6 study
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 develop
9 to 10 develop
10 develop 15 compositions
11 four 15 compositions
12 model 14 glass
13 borate 14 glass
14 glass 15 compositions
15 compositions 16 for
16 for 18 study
17 further 18 study

a second round of rheological experiments was used to identify a preferred gpc formulation for each model glass composition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 round
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 3 round
2 second 3 round
3 round 4 of
3 round 7 was
4 of 6 experiments
5 rheological 6 experiments
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 identify
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 14 formulation
11 a 14 formulation
12 preferred 14 formulation
13 gpc 14 formulation
14 formulation 15 for
15 for 19 composition
16 each 19 composition
17 model 19 composition
18 glass 19 composition

the model borate glasses containing higher levels of tio2 ( 7.5 mol [%] ) tended to have longer working times and shorter setting times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 glasses
2 model 4 glasses
3 borate 4 glasses
4 glasses 5 containing
4 glasses 19 working
4 glasses 21 and
5 containing 7 levels
5 containing 18 longer
6 higher 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
7 levels 15 tended
7 levels 16 to
7 levels 17 have
8 of 9 tio2
9 tio2 12 mol
10 ( 12 mol
11 7.5 12 mol
12 mol 14 )
16 to 17 have
19 working 20 times
21 and 24 times
22 shorter 24 times
23 setting 24 times

dissolution behavior of the four model gpc formulations was evaluated by measuring ion release profiles as a function of time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 behavior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 dissolution 2 behavior
2 behavior 3 of
2 behavior 9 was
3 of 8 formulations
4 the 5 four
5 four 8 formulations
6 model 8 formulations
7 gpc 8 formulations
9 was 10 evaluated
10 evaluated 11 by
11 by 12 measuring
12 measuring 15 profiles
12 measuring 16 as
13 ion 15 profiles
14 release 15 profiles
16 as 18 function
17 a 18 function
18 function 19 of
19 of 20 time

all four gpc formulations showed evidence of incongruent dissolution behavior when considering the relative release profiles of sodium and boron , although the exact dissolution profile of the glass was presumably obscured by the polymeric cement matrix . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 formulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 all 2 four
2 four 4 formulations
3 gpc 4 formulations
4 formulations 5 showed
5 showed 6 evidence
5 showed 11 when
5 showed 22 although
6 evidence 7 of
7 of 10 behavior
8 incongruent 10 behavior
9 dissolution 10 behavior
11 when 12 considering
12 considering 15 release
12 considering 16 profiles
13 the 15 release
14 relative 15 release
16 profiles 17 of
17 of 19 and
18 sodium 19 and
19 and 20 boron
19 and 21 ,
22 although 26 profile
22 although 30 was
23 the 26 profile
24 exact 25 dissolution
25 dissolution 26 profile
26 profile 27 of
26 profile 30 was
27 of 29 glass
28 the 29 glass
30 was 31 presumably
30 was 33 by
31 presumably 32 obscured
33 by 37 matrix
34 the 37 matrix
35 polymeric 36 cement
36 cement 37 matrix

compression testing was undertaken to evaluate cement strength over time during immersion in water . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 testing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 compression 2 testing
2 testing 3 was
3 was 4 undertaken
4 undertaken 5 to
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 8 strength
6 evaluate 9 over
6 evaluate 11 during
6 evaluate 13 in
7 cement 8 strength
9 over 10 time
11 during 12 immersion
13 in 14 water

[the] [cements] containing the borate glass with 7.5 mol % tio2 had the highest initial compressive strength , ranging between 20 and 30 mpa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 containing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 had
3 containing 6 glass
3 containing 7 with
3 containing 12 had
4 the 6 glass
5 borate 6 glass
7 with 11 tio2
8 7.5 9 mol
9 mol 11 tio2
10 % 11 tio2
12 had 14 highest
12 had 15 initial
13 the 14 highest
15 initial 17 strength
15 initial 19 ranging
16 compressive 17 strength
18 , 19 ranging
19 ranging 20 between
19 ranging 24 mpa
19 ranging 25 .
20 between 22 and
21 20 22 and
22 and 23 30

no beneficial aging effect was observed - instead , the strength of all four model gpc formulations was found to degrade [with] time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 no 4 effect
2 beneficial 4 effect
3 aging 4 effect
4 effect 5 was
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 8 instead
7 - 8 instead
8 instead 9 ,
9 , 11 strength
9 , 19 found
10 the 11 strength
11 strength 12 of
11 strength 18 was
12 of 17 formulations
13 all 17 formulations
14 four 15 model
15 model 17 formulations
16 gpc 17 formulations
18 was 19 found
19 found 20 to
20 to 21 degrade
21 degrade 23 time

objectives : to examine whether polymorphisms in the rna granule component tudor domain - containing protein 7 ( tdrd7 ) [gene] are associated with susceptibility to age - related cataract [(] arc ) in a han chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 whether
4 examine 24 with
5 whether 6 polymorphisms
5 whether 23 associated
6 polymorphisms 7 in
6 polymorphisms 15 containing
6 polymorphisms 22 are
7 in 13 domain
8 the 13 domain
9 rna 10 granule
10 granule 11 component
11 component 13 domain
12 tudor 13 domain
14 - 15 containing
15 containing 16 protein
15 containing 20 )
16 protein 17 7
16 protein 19 tdrd7
18 ( 19 tdrd7
19 tdrd7 20 )
22 are 23 associated
24 with 25 susceptibility
25 susceptibility 26 to
25 susceptibility 34 in
26 to 27 age
27 age 32 arc
28 - 32 arc
29 related 32 arc
30 cataract 32 arc
32 arc 33 )
34 in 38 population
35 a 38 population
36 han 37 chinese
37 chinese 38 population

methods : patients with arc , and age - , sex - and ethnically - matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 4 with
4 with 7 and
5 arc 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 age
7 and 9 -
7 and 11 sex
10 , 11 sex
11 sex 12 -
13 and 14 ethnically
13 and 15 -
13 and 21 enrolled
15 - 19 subjects
16 matched 18 control
17 healthy 18 control
18 control 19 subjects
19 subjects 20 were
20 were 21 enrolled
21 enrolled 22 in
22 in 24 study
23 the 24 study

five single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) within the tdrd7 gene , rs1462091 , rs11793735 , rs10981985 , rs2045732 and rs1462089 , were genotyped using a snapshot® multiplex kit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 five
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 five 22 ,
2 single 4 polymorphisms
2 single 8 within
2 single 22 ,
3 nucleotide 4 polymorphisms
4 polymorphisms 6 snps
5 ( 6 snps
6 snps 7 )
8 within 20 and
9 the 11 gene
10 tdrd7 11 gene
11 gene 12 ,
12 , 15 rs11793735
12 , 16 ,
13 rs1462091 14 ,
13 rs1462091 15 rs11793735
16 , 19 rs2045732
16 , 20 and
17 rs10981985 18 ,
17 rs10981985 19 rs2045732
20 and 21 rs1462089
22 , 23 were
22 , 25 using
22 , 29 kit
23 were 24 genotyped
25 using 27 snapshot®
26 a 27 snapshot®
28 multiplex 29 kit

results : the study included 271 control subjects and 218 patients with arc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 9 and
5 included 12 with
6 271 8 subjects
7 control 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 and
9 and 11 patients
10 218 11 patients
12 with 13 arc

the rs10981985 snp [was] associated with arc in dominant ( odds [ratio] [ or []] 0.561 , 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] 0.388 , 0.809 ) and allele dose ( or 0.619 , 95 % ci 0.455 , 0.841 ) genetic models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 rs10981985
2 rs10981985 3 snp
3 snp 5 associated
3 snp 29 and
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 arc
6 with 25 0.388
7 arc 8 in
8 in 20 confidence
9 dominant 11 odds
9 dominant 17 ,
9 dominant 20 confidence
10 ( 11 odds
11 odds 14 or
11 odds 17 ,
13 [ 14 or
14 or 16 0.561
14 or 17 ,
18 95 19 %
19 % 20 confidence
20 confidence 23 ci
22 [ 23 ci
23 ci 24 ]
25 0.388 27 0.809
26 , 27 0.809
27 0.809 28 )
29 and 31 dose
29 and 33 or
30 allele 31 dose
32 ( 33 or
33 or 34 0.619
33 or 35 ,
35 , 44 models
36 95 37 %
37 % 44 models
38 ci 39 0.455
38 ci 41 0.841
38 ci 44 models
40 , 41 0.841
41 0.841 42 )
43 genetic 44 models

the rs10981985 [a] allele frequency was lower in patients with cortical arc than in control subjects ( or 0.502 , 95 % ci 0.315 , 0.801 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 5 frequency
2 rs10981985 5 frequency
4 allele 5 frequency
5 frequency 6 was
6 was 7 lower
7 lower 8 in
7 lower 10 with
7 lower 13 than
8 in 9 patients
10 with 12 arc
11 cortical 12 arc
13 than 14 in
14 in 16 subjects
15 control 16 subjects
16 subjects 18 or
16 subjects 23 ci
17 ( 18 or
18 or 19 0.502
18 or 20 ,
20 , 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 24 0.315
23 ci 26 0.801
23 ci 27 )
25 , 26 0.801
26 0.801 27 )

the rs10981985 polymorphism was significantly associated with cortical arc in a dominant genetic model ( or 0.431 , 95 % ci 0.251 , 0.740 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 polymorphism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 polymorphism
2 rs10981985 3 polymorphism
3 polymorphism 4 was
4 was 6 associated
5 significantly 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 10 in
7 with 9 arc
8 cortical 9 arc
10 in 14 model
11 a 12 dominant
11 a 14 model
12 dominant 14 model
13 genetic 14 model
14 model 16 or
14 model 21 ci
15 ( 16 or
16 or 17 0.431
16 or 18 ,
18 , 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 22 0.251
21 ci 24 0.740
21 ci 25 )
23 , 24 0.740
24 0.740 25 )

conclusions : the present study suggests [that] the rs10981985 [g] → a variant within the tdrd7 gene may protect against cortical arc in a han chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 suggests
2 : 28 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 suggests
6 suggests 9 rs10981985
8 the 9 rs10981985
9 rs10981985 11 →
9 rs10981985 19 protect
11 → 12 a
11 → 13 variant
11 → 18 may
13 variant 14 within
14 within 17 gene
15 the 17 gene
16 tdrd7 17 gene
18 may 19 protect
19 protect 20 against
19 protect 23 in
20 against 22 arc
21 cortical 22 arc
23 in 27 population
24 a 27 population
25 han 27 population
26 chinese 27 population

background and aims : increasing evidence in the literature suggests a link between the brain [-] derived neurotrophic [factor] ( bdnf ) system and adult depression , supporting a role in the pathophysiology of the disease and response to therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 5 increasing
4 : 10 suggests
5 increasing 6 evidence
5 increasing 10 suggests
6 evidence 7 in
7 in 9 literature
8 the 9 literature
10 suggests 12 link
10 suggests 13 between
10 suggests 31 in
11 a 12 link
13 between 24 and
14 the 23 system
15 brain 17 derived
17 derived 23 system
18 neurotrophic 21 bdnf
18 neurotrophic 22 )
18 neurotrophic 23 system
20 ( 21 bdnf
21 bdnf 22 )
23 system 24 and
24 and 26 depression
24 and 27 ,
24 and 28 supporting
25 adult 26 depression
28 supporting 30 role
29 a 30 role
31 in 33 pathophysiology
32 the 33 pathophysiology
33 pathophysiology 34 of
34 of 37 and
35 the 36 disease
36 disease 37 and
37 and 38 response
37 and 39 to
39 to 40 therapy

few studies have reported bdnf serum levels in elderly depressed subjects and their relationship with antidepressant therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 reported
4 reported 7 levels
4 reported 8 in
4 reported 15 with
5 bdnf 7 levels
6 serum 7 levels
8 in 12 and
9 elderly 11 subjects
10 depressed 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 and
12 and 14 relationship
13 their 14 relationship
15 with 17 therapy
16 antidepressant 17 therapy

the aim of the study was to evaluate bdnf serum levels in naive elderly depressed patients [,] before and after antidepressant treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 9 bdnf
9 bdnf 10 serum
9 bdnf 11 levels
10 serum 11 levels
11 levels 12 in
11 levels 19 and
12 in 16 patients
13 naive 16 patients
14 elderly 16 patients
15 depressed 16 patients
18 before 19 and
19 and 20 after
20 after 22 treatment
21 antidepressant 22 treatment

methods : we enrolled n = 5 elderly naive patients affected by depression , according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - iv text revision criteria [for] major depressive episode . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 enrolled
2 : 25 -
3 we 4 enrolled
4 enrolled 6 =
4 enrolled 12 by
4 enrolled 16 to
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 5
7 5 10 patients
7 5 11 affected
8 elderly 10 patients
9 naive 10 patients
10 patients 11 affected
12 by 13 depression
14 , 16 to
15 according 16 to
16 to 21 manual
16 to 25 -
17 the 21 manual
18 diagnostic 19 and
19 and 20 statistical
20 statistical 21 manual
21 manual 22 of
22 of 24 disorders
23 mental 24 disorders
25 - 33 episode
26 iv 27 text
27 text 28 revision
28 revision 33 episode
29 criteria 32 depressive
31 major 32 depressive
32 depressive 33 episode

bdnf serum levels were evaluated through elisa method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 bdnf 3 levels
2 serum 3 levels
3 levels 4 were
4 were 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 through
6 through 8 method
7 elisa 8 method

cognitive functions were examined by mini mental state examination ( mmse ) and severity of depression was assessed by geriatric depression scale ( gds ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 cognitive 2 functions
2 functions 3 were
3 were 4 examined
4 examined 5 by
5 by 11 mmse
6 mini 7 mental
7 mental 8 state
8 state 9 examination
9 examination 11 mmse
10 ( 11 mmse
11 mmse 12 )
13 and 14 severity
13 and 18 assessed
14 severity 15 of
14 severity 17 was
15 of 16 depression
17 was 18 assessed
18 assessed 19 by
19 by 24 gds
20 geriatric 21 depression
21 depression 22 scale
22 scale 24 gds
23 ( 24 gds
24 gds 25 )

bdnf levels were measured at baseline ( t0 ) and after 2 months ( t2 ) [of] escitalopram . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 bdnf 2 levels
2 levels 3 were
3 were 4 measured
4 measured 10 and
4 measured 18 escitalopram
5 at 6 baseline
5 at 10 and
6 baseline 8 t0
7 ( 8 t0
8 t0 9 )
10 and 11 after
11 after 13 months
12 2 13 months
13 months 15 t2
14 ( 15 t2
15 t2 16 )

ten healthy elderly subjects were enrolled as a control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 enrolled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 ten 4 subjects
2 healthy 4 subjects
3 elderly 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 were
5 were 6 enrolled
6 enrolled 7 as
7 as 10 group
8 a 9 control
8 a 10 group
9 control 10 group

results : the serum bdnf levels in patients ( t0 ) and controls were 11.5 ± 0.6 and 13.6 ± 3.4 ng / [ml] ( [m] ± sd ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 bdnf
2 : 6 levels
2 : 12 and
2 : 18 and
3 the 4 serum
4 serum 5 bdnf
5 bdnf 6 levels
6 levels 7 in
7 in 8 patients
8 patients 10 t0
9 ( 10 t0
10 t0 11 )
12 and 13 controls
12 and 14 were
13 controls 14 were
14 were 16 ±
15 11.5 16 ±
16 ± 17 0.6
18 and 19 13.6
18 and 20 ±
19 13.6 20 ±
20 ± 23 /
20 ± 31 respectively
21 3.4 22 ng
22 ng 23 /
23 / 28 sd
25 ( 28 sd
27 ± 28 sd
28 sd 29 )
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 .

at t2 , the patients showed a significant improvement of depressive symptoms ( p < 0.05 ) , with a [not] significant increase of mmse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
1 at 2 t2
1 at 3 ,
1 at 5 patients
4 the 5 patients
5 patients 6 showed
6 showed 9 improvement
7 a 8 significant
7 a 9 improvement
8 significant 9 improvement
9 improvement 10 of
10 of 12 symptoms
11 depressive 12 symptoms
12 symptoms 15 <
12 symptoms 19 with
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.05
15 < 17 )
18 , 19 with
19 with 23 increase
19 with 26 .
20 a 23 increase
22 significant 23 increase
23 increase 24 of
24 of 25 mmse

the serum bdnf concentrations increased to 16.0 ± 2.7 ng/ml at t2 ( p < 0.05 ) , beyond the levels of bdnf in controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ±
1 the 4 concentrations
2 serum 4 concentrations
3 bdnf 4 concentrations
4 concentrations 5 increased
4 concentrations 8 ±
5 increased 6 to
6 to 7 16.0
8 ± 10 ng/ml
8 ± 11 at
9 2.7 10 ng/ml
11 at 12 t2
12 t2 15 <
12 t2 19 beyond
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.05
15 < 17 )
18 , 19 beyond
19 beyond 21 levels
19 beyond 26 .
20 the 21 levels
21 levels 22 of
22 of 23 bdnf
23 bdnf 24 in
24 in 25 controls

the increase in bdnf levels was significantly related to the improvement in gds scores of the patients ( r = 0.9 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 6 was
3 in 5 levels
4 bdnf 5 levels
6 was 8 related
7 significantly 8 related
8 related 9 to
8 related 12 in
9 to 11 improvement
10 the 11 improvement
12 in 14 scores
13 gds 14 scores
14 scores 15 of
15 of 17 patients
16 the 17 patients
17 patients 20 =
17 patients 24 <
18 ( 20 =
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 0.9
20 = 22 ,
22 , 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.05
24 < 26 )

conclusions : serum bdnf levels may be considered as a marker of response [to] antidepressant treatment for depression in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 bdnf
3 serum 4 bdnf
4 bdnf 5 levels
4 bdnf 8 considered
5 levels 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 considered
8 considered 9 as
8 considered 17 for
8 considered 19 in
9 as 11 marker
10 a 11 marker
11 marker 12 of
12 of 16 treatment
13 response 15 antidepressant
15 antidepressant 16 treatment
17 for 18 depression
19 in 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly

variation in the apolipoprotein [e] ( apoe ) [genotype] is associated with cognitive decline [in] normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 variation 2 in
1 variation 10 is
2 in 4 apolipoprotein
3 the 4 apolipoprotein
4 apolipoprotein 7 apoe
6 ( 7 apoe
7 apoe 8 )
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 17 aging
13 cognitive 14 decline
14 decline 17 aging
16 normal 17 aging

increased symptoms of depression are also associated with greater cognitive impairment and risk of dementia in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 increased 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 of
2 symptoms 5 are
3 of 4 depression
5 are 6 also
5 are 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 16 in
8 with 12 and
9 greater 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment
11 impairment 12 and
12 and 13 risk
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 dementia
16 in 18 age
17 old 18 age

unlike apoe , where the direction of the effect is [from] genotype to cognitive [decline] , the causal relationship [between] depressed mood and cognitive impairment is not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 where
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 unlike 2 apoe
1 unlike 3 ,
1 unlike 4 where
4 where 6 direction
4 where 12 genotype
4 where 26 is
5 the 6 direction
6 direction 7 of
6 direction 10 is
7 of 9 effect
8 the 9 effect
10 is 12 genotype
12 genotype 13 to
12 genotype 25 impairment
13 to 23 and
14 cognitive 16 ,
16 , 22 mood
16 , 23 and
17 the 22 mood
18 causal 19 relationship
19 relationship 22 mood
21 depressed 22 mood
23 and 24 cognitive
26 is 27 not
26 is 28 known

rather than being a reaction to worsening cognitive performance with age , depressive symptoms might be a risk factor for age - related cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 rather 2 than
2 than 3 being
2 than 12 ,
2 than 14 symptoms
3 being 5 reaction
3 being 6 to
4 a 5 reaction
6 to 7 worsening
7 worsening 9 performance
7 worsening 10 with
8 cognitive 9 performance
10 with 11 age
13 depressive 14 symptoms
14 symptoms 15 might
15 might 16 be
16 be 19 factor
17 a 19 factor
18 risk 19 factor
19 factor 20 for
20 for 21 age
22 - 25 decline
22 - 26 .
23 related 25 decline
24 cognitive 25 decline

the study by rajan and colleagues ( published in this issue of psychosomatic medicine ) speaks to this possibility and , importantly , considers the association between depressive symptoms and age [-] related cognitive decline in the context of apoe variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 by
2 study 8 published
2 study 20 and
3 by 5 and
4 rajan 5 and
5 and 6 colleagues
7 ( 8 published
8 published 9 in
8 published 15 )
9 in 11 issue
10 this 11 issue
11 issue 12 of
12 of 14 medicine
13 psychosomatic 14 medicine
16 speaks 17 to
16 speaks 20 and
17 to 19 possibility
18 this 19 possibility
20 and 24 considers
20 and 27 between
20 and 36 in
21 , 22 importantly
22 importantly 23 ,
22 importantly 24 considers
24 considers 26 association
25 the 26 association
27 between 30 and
28 depressive 29 symptoms
29 symptoms 30 and
30 and 35 decline
31 age 33 related
33 related 35 decline
34 cognitive 35 decline
36 in 38 context
37 the 38 context
38 context 39 of
39 of 41 variation
40 apoe 41 variation

this editorial discusses these findings in relation to causal pathways and highlights [how] longitudinal studies of this nature will improve our understanding of the biological underpinnings of cognitive decline [and] classification of its risk in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 editorial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 editorial
2 editorial 11 and
2 editorial 16 of
2 editorial 19 will
3 discusses 5 findings
3 discusses 11 and
4 these 5 findings
5 findings 8 to
6 in 7 relation
7 relation 8 to
8 to 10 pathways
9 causal 10 pathways
11 and 12 highlights
12 highlights 15 studies
14 longitudinal 15 studies
16 of 18 nature
17 this 18 nature
19 will 20 improve
20 improve 22 understanding
20 improve 35 in
21 our 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
22 understanding 27 of
23 of 26 underpinnings
24 the 26 underpinnings
25 biological 26 underpinnings
27 of 31 classification
28 cognitive 29 decline
29 decline 31 classification
31 classification 32 of
32 of 34 risk
33 its 34 risk
35 in 38 population
36 the 38 population
37 general 38 population

the severity and frequency of childhood obesity has increased significantly over the past three to four decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 severity
2 severity 3 and
3 and 4 frequency
3 and 5 of
3 and 7 obesity
3 and 9 increased
5 of 6 childhood
7 obesity 8 has
8 has 9 increased
9 increased 10 significantly
9 increased 11 over
11 over 17 decades
12 the 13 past
12 the 15 to
14 three 15 to
15 to 16 four
15 to 17 decades

the health effects [of] increased body mass index as a child may significantly impact obese youth as [they] age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 8 index
2 health 5 increased
3 effects 5 increased
5 increased 8 index
6 body 8 index
7 mass 8 index
8 index 9 as
8 index 12 may
9 as 11 child
10 a 11 child
12 may 14 impact
13 significantly 14 impact
14 impact 16 youth
14 impact 17 as
15 obese 16 youth
17 as 19 age

however , many of the long - term outcomes of childhood obesity have yet to be studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 9 outcomes
3 many 4 of
3 many 9 outcomes
4 of 9 outcomes
5 the 9 outcomes
6 long 7 -
6 long 8 term
8 term 9 outcomes
9 outcomes 10 of
9 outcomes 13 have
10 of 12 obesity
11 childhood 12 obesity
13 have 15 to
13 have 17 studied
14 yet 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 studied

this article examines the currently available longitudinal data evaluating the effects of childhood obesity on adult outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 examines
3 examines 8 data
4 the 8 data
5 currently 6 available
6 available 8 data
7 longitudinal 8 data
8 data 9 evaluating
9 evaluating 11 effects
9 evaluating 15 on
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 14 obesity
13 childhood 14 obesity
15 on 17 outcomes
16 adult 17 outcomes

consequences of obesity include an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome , cardiovascular disease , type 2 diabetes and its associated retinal and renal complications , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , obstructive sleep apnea , polycystic ovarian syndrome , infertility , asthma , orthopedic complications , psychiatric disease , and increased rates of cancer , among others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 consequences 2 of
1 consequences 4 include
2 of 3 obesity
4 include 7 risk
5 an 7 risk
6 increased 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
8 of 9 developing
9 developing 12 syndrome
10 the 12 syndrome
11 metabolic 12 syndrome
12 syndrome 15 disease
13 , 15 disease
14 cardiovascular 15 disease
15 disease 16 ,
16 , 17 type
16 , 32 ,
17 type 18 2
17 type 20 and
19 diabetes 20 and
20 and 26 complications
20 and 31 disease
21 its 26 complications
22 associated 26 complications
23 retinal 24 and
24 and 25 renal
24 and 26 complications
27 , 31 disease
28 nonalcoholic 30 liver
29 fatty 30 liver
30 liver 31 disease
31 disease 32 ,
32 , 51 and
33 obstructive 34 sleep
34 sleep 35 apnea
35 apnea 36 ,
36 , 39 syndrome
36 , 40 ,
37 polycystic 39 syndrome
38 ovarian 39 syndrome
40 , 41 infertility
40 , 42 ,
42 , 43 asthma
42 , 44 ,
44 , 46 complications
44 , 47 ,
45 orthopedic 46 complications
47 , 49 disease
47 , 51 and
48 psychiatric 49 disease
50 , 51 and
51 and 53 rates
51 and 56 ,
51 and 57 among
52 increased 53 rates
53 rates 54 of
54 of 55 cancer
57 among 58 others

these disorders can start as early as childhood , and such early onset increases the likelihood of early morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 start
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 disorders
2 disorders 3 can
3 can 4 start
4 start 6 early
4 start 7 as
4 start 16 likelihood
5 as 6 early
7 as 10 and
8 childhood 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 14 increases
11 such 14 increases
12 early 13 onset
13 onset 14 increases
15 the 16 likelihood
16 likelihood 17 of
17 of 20 and
18 early 19 morbidity
19 morbidity 20 and
20 and 21 mortality

being obese as a child also increases the likelihood of being obese as an adult , and obesity in adulthood also leads to obesity - related complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
1 being 2 obese
1 being 7 increases
2 obese 3 as
2 obese 6 also
3 as 5 child
4 a 5 child
7 increases 9 likelihood
8 the 9 likelihood
9 likelihood 10 of
9 likelihood 13 as
10 of 11 being
11 being 12 obese
13 as 15 adult
14 an 15 adult
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 obesity
17 and 22 leads
18 obesity 19 in
18 obesity 22 leads
19 in 20 adulthood
21 also 22 leads
22 leads 23 to
23 to 24 obesity
24 obesity 27 complications
25 - 27 complications
26 related 27 complications
27 complications 28 .

this review outlines the evidence for childhood obesity as a predictor of adult obesity and obesity - related disorders , thereby emphasizing the importance of early intervention to prevent the onset of obesity in childhood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outlines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 outlines
3 outlines 5 evidence
3 outlines 6 for
3 outlines 9 as
3 outlines 28 to
4 the 5 evidence
6 for 8 obesity
7 childhood 8 obesity
9 as 15 and
10 a 11 predictor
11 predictor 12 of
11 predictor 15 and
12 of 14 obesity
13 adult 14 obesity
15 and 16 obesity
15 and 22 emphasizing
15 and 25 of
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 disorders
18 related 20 ,
18 related 22 emphasizing
21 thereby 22 emphasizing
22 emphasizing 24 importance
23 the 24 importance
25 of 27 intervention
26 early 27 intervention
28 to 29 prevent
29 prevent 31 onset
29 prevent 34 in
30 the 31 onset
31 onset 32 of
32 of 33 obesity
34 in 35 childhood

background : life expectancy , as well as the average age of patients undergoing solid organ transplantation , increases constantly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 expectancy
2 : 19 increases
2 : 21 .
3 life 4 expectancy
4 expectancy 8 as
4 expectancy 19 increases
5 , 8 as
6 as 7 well
7 well 8 as
8 as 11 age
8 as 18 ,
9 the 11 age
10 average 11 age
11 age 12 of
12 of 13 patients
13 patients 14 undergoing
14 undergoing 17 transplantation
15 solid 16 organ
16 organ 17 transplantation
19 increases 20 constantly

consequently , immunosuppressive therapy is no longer limited to young organ recipients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 4 therapy
3 immunosuppressive 4 therapy
4 therapy 5 is
5 is 7 longer
5 is 8 limited
6 no 7 longer
8 limited 9 to
9 to 12 recipients
10 young 11 organ
11 organ 12 recipients

objective : here , we investigate [how] different types of immunosuppressive therapy , namely the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin a and tacrolimus , as well as the mtor inhibitor rapamycin , affect the function of immune cells in young and elderly persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 5 we
2 : 30 ,
3 here 4 ,
3 here 5 we
5 we 30 ,
6 investigate 12 therapy
6 investigate 25 as
6 investigate 30 ,
8 different 9 types
9 types 10 of
9 types 12 therapy
10 of 12 therapy
11 immunosuppressive 12 therapy
12 therapy 14 namely
13 , 14 namely
14 namely 20 and
14 namely 22 ,
15 the 20 and
16 calcineurin 18 cyclosporin
17 inhibitors 18 cyclosporin
18 cyclosporin 19 a
18 cyclosporin 20 and
20 and 21 tacrolimus
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 29 rapamycin
26 the 29 rapamycin
27 mtor 28 inhibitor
28 inhibitor 29 rapamycin
30 , 31 affect
30 , 37 in
31 affect 33 function
32 the 33 function
33 function 34 of
34 of 36 cells
35 immune 36 cells
37 in 41 persons
38 young 39 and
39 and 40 elderly
39 and 41 persons

results : the inhibition [of] proliferation was dampened in pbmcs from elderly donors , especially after incubation [with] rapamycin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 proliferation
2 : 8 dampened
3 the 6 proliferation
4 inhibition 6 proliferation
6 proliferation 7 was
7 was 8 dampened
8 dampened 9 in
9 in 10 pbmcs
10 pbmcs 11 from
11 from 13 donors
12 elderly 13 donors
13 donors 16 after
14 , 15 especially
14 , 16 after
16 after 19 rapamycin
16 after 20 .
17 incubation 19 rapamycin

all three immunosuppressive drugs inhibited the production of il - 2 equally well , [whereas] the production of ifn - [γ] was less well inhibited by rapamycin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 all 2 three
2 three 4 drugs
3 immunosuppressive 4 drugs
4 drugs 5 inhibited
5 inhibited 7 production
6 the 7 production
7 production 8 of
7 production 17 production
8 of 9 il
9 il 11 2
9 il 13 well
10 - 11 2
11 2 13 well
12 equally 13 well
14 , 17 production
16 the 17 production
17 production 18 of
17 production 20 -
18 of 19 ifn
20 - 22 was
22 was 24 well
22 was 26 by
23 less 24 well
24 well 25 inhibited
26 by 27 rapamycin

both calcineurin inhibitors increased h2o2 concentrations after stimulation with pha and led to a shortening of telomeres in pbmcs from young and old individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 both 3 inhibitors
2 calcineurin 3 inhibitors
3 inhibitors 11 and
4 increased 6 concentrations
4 increased 7 after
4 increased 9 with
4 increased 11 and
5 h2o2 6 concentrations
7 after 8 stimulation
9 with 10 pha
11 and 12 led
11 and 13 to
11 and 18 in
13 to 15 shortening
14 a 15 shortening
15 shortening 16 of
16 of 17 telomeres
18 in 19 pbmcs
19 pbmcs 20 from
20 from 24 individuals
21 young 22 and
22 and 23 old
22 and 24 individuals

rapamycin had only minor effects on h2o2 production and telomere length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rapamycin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 rapamycin 2 had
2 had 5 effects
2 had 6 on
3 only 4 minor
4 minor 5 effects
6 on 9 and
7 h2o2 8 production
8 production 9 and
9 and 11 length
10 telomere 11 length

conclusion : our results demonstrate that the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on pbmcs differ between young and elderly persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 demonstrate
2 : 20 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 6 that
6 that 8 effects
6 that 14 differ
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
8 effects 14 differ
9 of 11 drugs
10 immunosuppressive 11 drugs
11 drugs 12 on
12 on 13 pbmcs
14 differ 15 between
15 between 19 persons
16 young 17 and
17 and 18 elderly
17 and 19 persons

calcineurin inhibitors compared to rapamycin have a more pronounced prosenescence effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 calcineurin 2 inhibitors
2 inhibitors 3 compared
2 inhibitors 6 have
3 compared 4 to
4 to 5 rapamycin
6 have 11 effect
7 a 11 effect
8 more 9 pronounced
9 pronounced 10 prosenescence
10 prosenescence 11 effect

these data indicate that specific treatment regimens for the elderly might therefore be considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 7 regimens
4 that 14 considered
5 specific 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 regimens
7 regimens 8 for
7 regimens 11 might
8 for 10 elderly
9 the 10 elderly
11 might 13 be
12 therefore 13 be
13 be 14 considered

arousing events are better remembered than mundane events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remembered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 arousing 2 events
2 events 3 are
3 are 4 better
3 are 5 remembered
5 remembered 6 than
6 than 8 events
7 mundane 8 events

indeed , manipulation of [arousal] , [such] as by muscle tension , can influence memory even when it occurs shortly after learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 manipulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 3 manipulation
3 manipulation 4 of
3 manipulation 13 can
4 of 8 as
6 , 8 as
8 as 9 by
8 as 12 ,
9 by 11 tension
10 muscle 11 tension
13 can 14 influence
14 influence 15 memory
14 influence 16 even
16 even 17 when
17 when 18 it
17 when 19 occurs
18 it 19 occurs
19 occurs 20 shortly
19 occurs 21 after
21 after 22 learning

indeed , our founding study showed this approach can raise delayed memory performance in older adults to a level comparable to that of unaided young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 founding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 4 founding
3 our 4 founding
4 founding 5 study
4 founding 6 showed
6 showed 12 memory
6 showed 13 performance
7 this 12 memory
8 approach 11 delayed
9 can 11 delayed
10 raise 11 delayed
11 delayed 12 memory
13 performance 14 in
13 performance 17 to
13 performance 20 comparable
13 performance 23 of
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 to 19 level
18 a 19 level
20 comparable 21 to
21 to 22 that
23 of 26 adults
24 unaided 26 adults
25 young 26 adults

yet , systematic studies , especially those investigating different modalities or types of memory , have not been done . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 4 studies
3 systematic 4 studies
4 studies 11 or
4 studies 16 have
5 , 6 especially
5 , 11 or
7 those 8 investigating
7 those 11 or
8 investigating 10 modalities
9 different 10 modalities
11 or 14 memory
11 or 15 ,
12 types 13 of
12 types 14 memory
13 of 14 memory
16 have 17 not
16 have 18 been
18 been 19 done

this study investigated the effects of a brief bout of isometric exercise via handgrip on narrative and visuospatial episodic memory in healthy elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 effects
3 investigated 13 via
3 investigated 15 on
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 9 bout
7 a 8 brief
7 a 9 bout
8 brief 9 bout
9 bout 10 of
10 of 12 exercise
11 isometric 12 exercise
13 via 14 handgrip
15 on 17 and
16 narrative 17 and
17 and 20 memory
17 and 21 in
18 visuospatial 20 memory
19 episodic 20 memory
21 in 23 elders
22 healthy 23 elders

forty - seven participants completed the logical memory subtest of the wechsler memory scales iii ( lm ) and the benton visual retention test ( bvrt ) , followed alternately by no treatment and by moderately squeezing [a] sand - filled latex ball for 1 [-] min ( counterbalanced order and test forms ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 completed
1 forty 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 4 participants
4 participants 5 completed
5 completed 19 and
5 completed 30 alternately
5 completed 34 and
6 the 9 subtest
7 logical 9 subtest
8 memory 9 subtest
9 subtest 10 of
9 subtest 19 and
10 of 14 scales
11 the 14 scales
12 wechsler 13 memory
13 memory 14 scales
14 scales 15 iii
14 scales 17 lm
16 ( 17 lm
17 lm 18 )
19 and 26 bvrt
19 and 28 ,
19 and 29 followed
20 the 26 bvrt
21 benton 22 visual
22 visual 23 retention
23 retention 24 test
24 test 26 bvrt
25 ( 26 bvrt
26 bvrt 27 )
31 by 33 treatment
31 by 34 and
32 no 33 treatment
34 and 35 by
35 by 39 sand
36 moderately 37 squeezing
37 squeezing 39 sand
39 sand 43 ball
40 - 43 ball
41 filled 42 latex
42 latex 43 ball
43 ball 44 for
43 ball 51 and
43 ball 55 .
44 for 47 min
45 1 47 min
48 ( 51 and
49 counterbalanced 50 order
50 order 51 and
51 and 53 forms
51 and 54 )
51 and 55 .
52 test 53 forms

isometric exercise significantly increased both positive and negative [affect] ratings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 isometric 2 exercise
2 exercise 4 increased
3 significantly 4 increased
4 increased 10 ratings
5 both 10 ratings
6 positive 7 and
7 and 8 negative
7 and 10 ratings

retention was tested 2 weeks later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 retention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 retention 2 was
2 was 3 tested
3 tested 6 later
4 2 5 weeks
5 weeks 6 later

delayed recall and recognition of lm was enhanced by arousal relative [to] control , [as] was recognition of the bvrt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 delayed 2 recall
3 and 4 recognition
3 and 14 ,
4 recognition 5 of
4 recognition 14 ,
5 of 6 lm
7 was 8 enhanced
7 was 14 ,
8 enhanced 9 by
9 by 13 control
10 arousal 13 control
11 relative 13 control
14 , 16 was
16 was 17 recognition
17 recognition 18 of
18 of 20 bvrt
19 the 20 bvrt

the results extend past findings that muscle tension induced after learning modulates memory consolidation , extending findings in elders to suggest that a simple form of isometric exercise can have practical effects , such as aiding memory for stories and images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 extend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 extend
3 extend 4 past
3 extend 16 extending
3 extend 35 as
4 past 5 findings
5 findings 6 that
6 that 8 tension
6 that 12 modulates
7 muscle 8 tension
8 tension 9 induced
8 tension 12 modulates
9 induced 10 after
10 after 11 learning
12 modulates 14 consolidation
13 memory 14 consolidation
15 , 16 extending
16 extending 17 findings
16 extending 18 in
16 extending 20 to
16 extending 33 ,
18 in 19 elders
20 to 21 suggest
21 suggest 22 that
22 that 25 form
22 that 30 have
23 a 24 simple
23 a 25 form
24 simple 25 form
25 form 26 of
25 form 29 can
26 of 28 exercise
27 isometric 28 exercise
29 can 30 have
30 have 32 effects
31 practical 32 effects
34 such 35 as
35 as 37 memory
36 aiding 37 memory
37 memory 38 for
38 for 40 and
39 stories 40 and
40 and 41 images

none periods of deliberate fasting with restriction [of] solid food intake are practiced worldwide , mostly based on traditional , cultural or religious reasons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 none 2 periods
1 none 12 are
1 none 15 ,
2 periods 3 of
2 periods 12 are
3 of 5 fasting
4 deliberate 5 fasting
5 fasting 6 with
6 with 11 intake
7 restriction 11 intake
9 solid 10 food
10 food 11 intake
13 practiced 14 worldwide
13 practiced 15 ,
15 , 17 based
15 , 18 on
16 mostly 17 based
18 on 24 reasons
19 traditional 20 ,
20 , 21 cultural
20 , 22 or
22 or 23 religious
22 or 24 reasons

there is large empirical and observational evidence that medically supervised modified fasting [(] fasting cure , 200 - 500 kcal nutritional intake per day ) with periods of 7 - 21 days is efficacious in the treatment of rheumatic diseases , chronic pain syndromes , hypertension , and metabolic syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 7 evidence
2 is 8 that
3 large 7 evidence
4 empirical 5 and
5 and 6 observational
5 and 7 evidence
8 that 12 fasting
8 that 33 is
9 medically 10 supervised
10 supervised 12 fasting
11 modified 12 fasting
12 fasting 14 fasting
12 fasting 28 of
12 fasting 33 is
14 fasting 15 cure
14 fasting 26 with
15 cure 17 200
16 , 17 200
17 200 22 intake
17 200 25 )
18 - 22 intake
19 500 20 kcal
20 kcal 22 intake
21 nutritional 22 intake
22 intake 23 per
22 intake 25 )
23 per 24 day
26 with 27 periods
28 of 32 days
29 7 30 -
30 - 31 21
30 - 32 days
33 is 34 efficacious
34 efficacious 35 in
35 in 48 and
36 the 37 treatment
37 treatment 38 of
37 treatment 41 ,
38 of 40 diseases
39 rheumatic 40 diseases
41 , 44 syndromes
41 , 45 ,
42 chronic 44 syndromes
43 pain 44 syndromes
45 , 46 hypertension
45 , 48 and
47 , 48 and
48 and 50 syndrome
49 metabolic 50 syndrome

the beneficial effects of fasting followed by vegetarian diet [in] rheumatoid arthritis are confirmed by randomized controlled trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 effects
2 beneficial 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 6 followed
3 effects 13 are
4 of 5 fasting
6 followed 7 by
7 by 12 arthritis
8 vegetarian 12 arthritis
9 diet 12 arthritis
11 rheumatoid 12 arthritis
13 are 14 confirmed
14 confirmed 15 by
15 by 18 trials
16 randomized 18 trials
17 controlled 18 trials

further beneficial effects of fasting are supported by observational data and abundant evidence from experimental research which found caloric restriction and intermittent fasting being associated with deceleration or prevention of most chronic degenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 further 3 effects
2 beneficial 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 6 are
4 of 5 fasting
6 are 7 supported
7 supported 8 by
8 by 10 data
9 observational 10 data
11 and 13 evidence
11 and 25 associated
12 abundant 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 from
13 evidence 17 which
13 evidence 18 found
13 evidence 25 associated
14 from 16 research
15 experimental 16 research
17 which 18 found
18 found 21 and
19 caloric 20 restriction
20 restriction 21 and
21 and 22 intermittent
21 and 23 fasting
23 fasting 24 being
25 associated 26 with
26 with 28 or
27 deceleration 28 or
28 or 29 prevention
28 or 30 of
30 of 37 diseases
31 most 32 chronic
32 chronic 37 diseases
33 degenerative 34 and
34 and 35 chronic
34 and 37 diseases
36 inflammatory 37 diseases

intermittent fasting may also be useful as an accompanying treatment during chemotherapy of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intermittent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 intermittent 2 fasting
1 intermittent 3 may
3 may 5 be
4 also 5 be
5 be 6 useful
6 useful 7 as
6 useful 11 during
7 as 10 treatment
8 an 10 treatment
9 accompanying 10 treatment
11 during 12 chemotherapy
12 chemotherapy 13 of
13 of 14 cancer

a further beneficial effect of fasting relates to improvements in sustainable lifestyle modification and adoption of a healthy diet , possibly mediated by fasting - induced mood enhancement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 relates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 4 effect
2 further 4 effect
3 beneficial 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 7 relates
5 of 6 fasting
7 relates 8 to
7 relates 10 in
8 to 9 improvements
10 in 13 modification
11 sustainable 12 lifestyle
12 lifestyle 13 modification
14 and 15 adoption
14 and 26 induced
15 adoption 16 of
15 adoption 26 induced
16 of 19 diet
17 a 19 diet
18 healthy 19 diet
19 diet 22 mediated
20 , 21 possibly
20 , 22 mediated
22 mediated 23 by
22 mediated 25 -
23 by 24 fasting
26 induced 28 enhancement
27 mood 28 enhancement

various identified mechanisms of fasting point to its potential health - promoting effects , e.g . , fasting - induced neuroendocrine activation and hormetic stress response , increased production of neurotrophic factors , reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress , general decrease of signals associated with aging , and promotion of autophagy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 various 3 mechanisms
2 identified 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 of
3 mechanisms 6 point
4 of 5 fasting
6 point 7 to
6 point 12 promoting
6 point 15 e.g
7 to 10 health
8 its 10 health
9 potential 10 health
11 - 12 promoting
12 promoting 13 effects
12 promoting 14 ,
16 . 27 ,
16 . 51 .
17 , 18 fasting
18 fasting 19 -
18 fasting 27 ,
20 induced 23 and
20 induced 27 ,
21 neuroendocrine 22 activation
22 activation 23 and
23 and 26 response
24 hormetic 26 response
25 stress 26 response
27 , 28 increased
28 increased 47 and
29 production 30 of
29 production 47 and
30 of 32 factors
31 neurotrophic 32 factors
32 factors 37 stress
33 , 37 stress
34 reduced 37 stress
35 mitochondrial 37 stress
36 oxidative 37 stress
37 stress 40 decrease
37 stress 46 ,
38 , 40 decrease
39 general 40 decrease
40 decrease 41 of
40 decrease 46 ,
41 of 42 signals
42 signals 43 associated
42 signals 44 with
44 with 45 aging
47 and 48 promotion
47 and 49 of
49 of 50 autophagy

fasting therapy might contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and should be further evaluated in controlled clinical trials and observational studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 fasting 2 therapy
2 therapy 13 and
2 therapy 22 and
3 might 4 contribute
3 might 13 and
4 contribute 5 to
5 to 8 and
6 the 7 prevention
7 prevention 8 and
8 and 9 treatment
8 and 10 of
10 of 12 diseases
11 chronic 12 diseases
13 and 14 should
13 and 18 in
14 should 15 be
15 be 16 further
15 be 17 evaluated
18 in 21 trials
19 controlled 21 trials
20 clinical 21 trials
22 and 24 studies
23 observational 24 studies

background : the relation of food insecurity ( inability to acquire nutritionally adequate and safe foods ) and chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 relation
3 the 4 relation
4 relation 5 of
4 relation 9 inability
5 of 7 insecurity
6 food 7 insecurity
8 ( 9 inability
9 inability 10 to
9 inability 11 acquire
9 inability 17 )
10 to 11 acquire
11 acquire 12 nutritionally
11 acquire 16 foods
13 adequate 14 and
14 and 15 safe
14 and 16 foods
18 and 21 disease
18 and 25 is
19 chronic 20 kidney
20 kidney 21 disease
21 disease 23 ckd
21 disease 25 is
22 ( 23 ckd
23 ckd 24 )
25 is 26 unknown

we examined whether food insecurity is associated with prevalent ckd among lower - income individuals in both the general us adult population and an urban population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 whether
2 examined 16 in
3 whether 5 insecurity
3 whether 7 associated
4 food 5 insecurity
5 insecurity 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 11 among
8 with 10 ckd
9 prevalent 10 ckd
11 among 15 individuals
12 lower 13 -
12 lower 14 income
14 income 15 individuals
16 in 23 and
17 both 23 and
18 the 22 population
19 general 21 adult
20 us 21 adult
21 adult 22 population
22 population 23 and
23 and 26 population
24 an 25 urban
24 an 26 population
25 urban 26 population

methods : [we] conducted cross - sectional analyses of lower - income participants of the national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) 2003 - 2008 ( n = 9,126 ) and the healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span ( handls ) study ( n = 1,239 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 cross
2 : 6 -
2 : 54 .
4 conducted 5 cross
6 - 33 and
7 sectional 8 analyses
8 analyses 9 of
8 analyses 14 of
8 analyses 18 and
9 of 13 participants
10 lower 11 -
10 lower 12 income
12 income 13 participants
14 of 17 health
15 the 17 health
16 national 17 health
18 and 23 nhanes
18 and 30 =
18 and 33 and
19 nutrition 20 examination
20 examination 21 survey
21 survey 23 nhanes
22 ( 23 nhanes
23 nhanes 24 )
25 2003 26 -
26 - 27 2008
26 - 30 =
28 ( 30 =
29 n 30 =
30 = 31 9,126
30 = 32 )
33 and 36 aging
34 the 36 aging
35 healthy 36 aging
36 aging 37 in
36 aging 39 of
36 aging 41 across
37 in 38 neighborhoods
39 of 40 diversity
41 across 48 study
42 the 48 study
43 life 44 span
44 span 46 handls
45 ( 46 handls
46 handls 47 )
46 handls 48 study
48 study 51 =
49 ( 51 =
50 n 51 =
51 = 52 1,239
51 = 53 )

food insecurity was defined based on questionnaires and ckd was defined by reduced estimated glomerular filtration [rate] or albuminuria ; adjustment was performed with multivariable logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 food
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 food 2 insecurity
1 food 3 was
1 food 4 defined
1 food 5 based
1 food 10 was
2 insecurity 3 was
5 based 6 on
6 on 8 and
7 questionnaires 8 and
8 and 9 ckd
10 was 11 defined
11 defined 12 by
12 by 18 or
13 reduced 16 filtration
14 estimated 16 filtration
15 glomerular 16 filtration
16 filtration 18 or
18 or 19 albuminuria
20 ; 21 adjustment
20 ; 23 performed
21 adjustment 22 was
22 was 23 performed
23 performed 24 with
24 with 27 regression
25 multivariable 27 regression
26 logistic 27 regression

results : in nhanes , the age - adjusted prevalence of ckd was 20.3 , 17.6 , and 15.7 % for the high , marginal , and no food insecurity groups , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 nhanes
3 in 4 nhanes
4 nhanes 7 age
5 , 7 age
6 the 7 age
7 age 8 -
8 - 10 prevalence
8 - 13 was
8 - 15 ,
8 - 18 and
9 adjusted 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 of
10 prevalence 13 was
11 of 12 ckd
13 was 14 20.3
15 , 16 17.6
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 %
18 and 31 groups
19 15.7 20 %
20 % 21 for
20 % 31 groups
21 for 27 and
22 the 23 high
23 high 24 ,
24 , 25 marginal
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 insecurity
28 no 30 insecurity
29 food 30 insecurity
31 groups 33 respectively
32 , 33 respectively
33 respectively 34 .

in handls , the age - adjusted ckd prevalence was 5.9 and 4.6 % for those [with] and without food insecurity , respectively [(] p = 0.33 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 handls
1 in 9 prevalence
2 handls 5 age
3 , 5 age
4 the 5 age
5 age 6 -
7 adjusted 9 prevalence
8 ckd 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 was
10 was 14 %
11 5.9 12 and
12 and 13 4.6
12 and 14 %
14 % 18 and
15 for 16 those
15 for 18 and
18 and 19 without
19 without 21 insecurity
20 food 21 insecurity
21 insecurity 26 =
22 , 23 respectively
22 , 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.33
26 = 28 )

food insecurity was associated with a trend towards greater odds of ckd ( or = 1.46 , 95 % ci : 0.98 - 2.18 ) with no evidence of effect modification across diabetes , hypertension , or obesity subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 food
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 food 2 insecurity
1 food 3 was
1 food 4 associated
2 insecurity 3 was
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 26 with
4 associated 32 across
5 with 7 trend
5 with 16 1.46
6 a 7 trend
7 trend 8 towards
7 trend 11 of
8 towards 10 odds
9 greater 10 odds
11 of 14 or
12 ckd 14 or
13 ( 14 or
15 = 16 1.46
16 1.46 19 %
17 , 19 %
18 95 19 %
19 % 20 ci
19 % 21 :
19 % 25 )
20 ci 21 :
21 : 23 -
22 0.98 23 -
23 - 24 2.18
26 with 28 evidence
27 no 28 evidence
28 evidence 29 of
29 of 31 modification
30 effect 31 modification
32 across 37 or
33 diabetes 34 ,
34 , 35 hypertension
34 , 37 or
36 , 37 or
37 or 39 subgroups
38 obesity 39 subgroups

conclusion : food insecurity may contribute to disparities in kidney disease , especially among persons with diabetes or hypertension , and is worthy of further study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 insecurity
2 : 21 and
2 : 27 .
3 food 4 insecurity
4 insecurity 21 and
5 may 6 contribute
5 may 21 and
6 contribute 7 to
6 contribute 9 in
7 to 8 disparities
9 in 11 disease
10 kidney 11 disease
11 disease 14 among
12 , 13 especially
12 , 14 among
14 among 15 persons
14 among 20 ,
15 persons 16 with
16 with 18 or
17 diabetes 18 or
18 or 19 hypertension
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 is
22 is 23 worthy
23 worthy 24 of
24 of 26 study
25 further 26 study

skin naturally changes with age , becoming more fragile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
1 skin 3 changes
2 naturally 3 changes
3 changes 4 with
4 with 5 age
5 age 7 becoming
6 , 7 becoming
7 becoming 9 fragile
7 becoming 10 .
8 more 9 fragile

various stimuli can alter skin integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stimuli
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 alter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 various 2 stimuli
2 stimuli 3 can
3 can 4 alter
4 alter 6 integrity
5 skin 6 integrity

the aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep deprivation affects the integrity of dna in skin and exacerbates the effects of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 19 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
6 was 19 and
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 9 whether
9 whether 11 deprivation
9 whether 12 affects
10 sleep 11 deprivation
11 deprivation 12 affects
12 affects 14 integrity
12 affects 17 in
13 the 14 integrity
14 integrity 15 of
15 of 16 dna
17 in 18 skin
19 and 20 exacerbates
19 and 22 effects
21 the 22 effects
22 effects 23 of
23 of 24 aging

fifteen - month old female hairless mice underwent 72 h of paradoxical sleep deprivation or 15 days of chronic sleep [restriction] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fifteen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 7 mice
2 - 8 underwent
2 - 22 .
3 month 7 mice
4 old 5 female
5 female 7 mice
6 hairless 7 mice
7 mice 8 underwent
8 underwent 10 h
9 72 10 h
10 h 11 of
11 of 15 or
12 paradoxical 13 sleep
13 sleep 14 deprivation
14 deprivation 15 or
15 or 17 days
15 or 18 of
16 15 17 days
18 of 20 sleep
19 chronic 20 sleep

punch [biopsies] of the skin were taken to evaluate dna damage by single cell gel [(] [comet] [ )( . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 punch
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 punch 3 of
1 punch 6 were
3 of 5 skin
4 the 5 skin
6 were 7 taken
7 taken 8 to
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 damage
9 evaluate 12 by
10 dna 11 damage
12 by 15 gel
13 single 14 cell
14 cell 15 gel

neither paradoxical sleep deprivation nor sleep restriction increased genetic damage , measured by tail movement and tail intensity values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neither 5 nor
2 paradoxical 3 sleep
3 sleep 4 deprivation
4 deprivation 5 nor
5 nor 7 restriction
5 nor 11 ,
6 sleep 7 restriction
8 increased 10 damage
8 increased 11 ,
9 genetic 10 damage
11 , 12 measured
11 , 13 by
13 by 16 and
14 tail 15 movement
15 movement 16 and
16 and 19 values
17 tail 19 values
18 intensity 19 values

taken together , the findings are consistent with the notion that aging overrides the effect of sleep loss on the genetic damage in elderly mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 the 5 findings
5 findings 6 are
6 are 7 consistent
7 consistent 8 with
7 consistent 23 in
8 with 10 notion
9 the 10 notion
10 notion 11 that
11 that 12 aging
11 that 13 overrides
12 aging 13 overrides
13 overrides 15 effect
13 overrides 19 on
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 of
16 of 18 loss
17 sleep 18 loss
19 on 22 damage
20 the 22 damage
21 genetic 22 damage
23 in 25 mice
24 elderly 25 mice

there are now at least 14 distinct diseases linked to germ line mutations in the 21 genes that encode the connexin ( cx ) [family] of gap junction proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 now
2 are 5 least
2 are 8 diseases
4 at 5 least
6 14 8 diseases
7 distinct 8 diseases
8 diseases 9 linked
9 linked 10 to
10 to 13 mutations
11 germ 13 mutations
12 line 13 mutations
13 mutations 14 in
13 mutations 26 of
14 in 17 genes
15 the 16 21
16 21 17 genes
17 genes 18 that
17 genes 19 encode
17 genes 23 cx
18 that 19 encode
19 encode 21 connexin
20 the 21 connexin
22 ( 23 cx
23 cx 24 )
26 of 29 proteins
27 gap 29 proteins
28 junction 29 proteins

this review focuses on the links between germ [-] line mutations in the gene encoding cx43 ( gja1 ) and the human disease termed oculodentodigital dysplasia ( oddd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 7 between
4 on 6 links
5 the 6 links
7 between 11 mutations
8 germ 10 line
10 line 11 mutations
11 mutations 12 in
12 in 20 and
13 the 14 gene
14 gene 15 encoding
14 gene 20 and
15 encoding 16 cx43
16 cx43 18 gja1
17 ( 18 gja1
18 gja1 19 )
20 and 26 dysplasia
20 and 28 oddd
21 the 26 dysplasia
22 human 26 dysplasia
23 disease 24 termed
24 termed 26 dysplasia
25 oculodentodigital 26 dysplasia
27 ( 28 oddd
28 oddd 29 )

this disease is clinically characterized by soft tissue fusion of the digits , abnormal craniofacial bone development , small eyes and loss of tooth enamel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 disease
2 disease 3 is
3 is 5 characterized
4 clinically 5 characterized
5 characterized 6 by
6 by 9 fusion
7 soft 8 tissue
8 tissue 9 fusion
9 fusion 10 of
10 of 21 and
11 the 12 digits
12 digits 13 ,
13 , 17 development
13 , 18 ,
14 abnormal 16 bone
15 craniofacial 16 bone
16 bone 17 development
18 , 20 eyes
18 , 21 and
19 small 20 eyes
21 and 22 loss
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 enamel
24 tooth 25 enamel

however , the disease is considerably more complex and somewhat degenerative as patients often suffer from other syndromic effects that include incontinence , glaucoma , skin diseases and neuropathies that become more pronounced during aging [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 disease
3 the 4 disease
4 disease 5 is
5 is 7 more
5 is 9 and
6 considerably 7 more
8 complex 9 and
9 and 11 degenerative
10 somewhat 11 degenerative
11 degenerative 12 as
12 as 13 patients
12 as 15 suffer
13 patients 15 suffer
14 often 15 suffer
15 suffer 16 from
15 suffer 34 during
16 from 19 effects
17 other 19 effects
18 syndromic 19 effects
19 effects 20 that
19 effects 33 pronounced
20 that 28 and
20 that 33 pronounced
21 include 22 incontinence
22 incontinence 23 ,
23 , 24 glaucoma
23 , 25 ,
25 , 27 diseases
25 , 28 and
26 skin 27 diseases
28 and 29 neuropathies
28 and 30 that
28 and 31 become
28 and 33 pronounced
30 that 31 become
31 become 32 more
34 during 35 aging

the challenge continues to be understanding how distinct cx43 gene mutations cause such a diverse range of tissue phenotypes and [pathophysiological] changes [while] other cx43 - rich organs are relatively unaffected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 the 2 challenge
2 challenge 3 continues
3 continues 4 to
3 continues 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 understanding
6 understanding 7 how
7 how 11 mutations
7 how 12 cause
8 distinct 11 mutations
9 cx43 10 gene
10 gene 11 mutations
11 mutations 12 cause
12 cause 16 range
13 such 14 a
14 a 16 range
15 diverse 16 range
16 range 17 of
16 range 20 and
17 of 18 tissue
19 phenotypes 20 and
20 and 22 changes
22 changes 25 cx43
24 other 25 cx43
26 - 27 rich
26 - 29 are
26 - 32 .
27 rich 29 are
28 organs 29 are
29 are 31 unaffected
30 relatively 31 unaffected

this review will provide an overview of many of these studies and distill some themes and outstanding questions that need to be addressed in the coming years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 12 and
4 provide 6 overview
4 provide 12 and
5 an 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
6 overview 9 of
7 of 8 many
9 of 11 studies
10 these 11 studies
12 and 13 distill
13 distill 16 and
14 some 16 and
15 themes 16 and
16 and 18 questions
16 and 19 that
16 and 20 need
17 outstanding 18 questions
19 that 20 need
20 need 21 to
20 need 23 addressed
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 addressed
23 addressed 24 in
24 in 27 years
25 the 27 years
26 coming 27 years

dendritic cells ( dcs ) play an important role in both immunological tolerance and immunity as well as in pro [-] [and] anti - inflammatory responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 dendritic 2 cells
2 cells 4 dcs
2 cells 6 play
3 ( 4 dcs
4 dcs 5 )
6 play 9 role
6 play 10 in
6 play 16 as
7 an 9 role
8 important 9 role
10 in 14 and
11 both 14 and
12 immunological 13 tolerance
13 tolerance 14 and
14 and 15 immunity
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 19 in
19 in 26 responses
20 pro 26 responses
23 anti 24 -
23 anti 26 responses
25 inflammatory 26 responses

upon uptake of apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies , dcs degrade self antigens from them and induce anti - inflammatory response [and] t regulatory ( treg ) cells resulting in the maintenance of tolerance to self antigens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 dcs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 upon 6 and
1 upon 9 ,
1 upon 10 dcs
2 uptake 3 of
2 uptake 6 and
3 of 5 cells
4 apoptotic 5 cells
6 and 8 bodies
7 apoptotic 8 bodies
10 dcs 16 and
11 degrade 13 antigens
11 degrade 16 and
12 self 13 antigens
13 antigens 14 from
14 from 15 them
16 and 17 induce
16 and 28 cells
17 induce 21 response
18 anti 19 -
18 anti 21 response
20 inflammatory 21 response
21 response 23 t
24 regulatory 26 treg
24 regulatory 28 cells
25 ( 26 treg
26 treg 27 )
28 cells 29 resulting
28 cells 33 of
28 cells 35 to
29 resulting 30 in
30 in 32 maintenance
31 the 32 maintenance
33 of 34 tolerance
35 to 37 antigens
36 self 37 antigens

ageing is characterized by progressive immunodeficiency , inflammation , and autoimmunity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 3 characterized
3 characterized 4 by
4 by 10 and
5 progressive 6 immunodeficiency
6 immunodeficiency 7 ,
7 , 8 inflammation
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 autoimmunity

in this paper we will review the role of dcs in inflammation and autoimmunity in human ageing and will highlight the observations that dcs from aged humans display impairment in their capacity to uptake apoptotic cells , and paradoxically induce proinflammatory [response] and increased reactivity to self antigen ( dna ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 paper
4 we 5 will
5 will 18 and
6 review 8 role
6 review 11 in
6 review 18 and
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 10 dcs
11 in 13 and
12 inflammation 13 and
13 and 14 autoimmunity
13 and 15 in
15 in 17 ageing
16 human 17 ageing
18 and 19 will
18 and 33 to
18 and 45 reactivity
19 will 20 highlight
20 highlight 22 observations
21 the 22 observations
22 observations 23 that
22 observations 28 display
23 that 24 dcs
23 that 28 display
24 dcs 25 from
24 dcs 28 display
25 from 27 humans
26 aged 27 humans
28 display 29 impairment
29 impairment 30 in
30 in 32 capacity
31 their 32 capacity
33 to 38 and
34 uptake 36 cells
34 uptake 38 and
35 apoptotic 36 cells
37 , 38 and
38 and 43 and
39 paradoxically 40 induce
40 induce 41 proinflammatory
40 induce 43 and
43 and 44 increased
45 reactivity 46 to
45 reactivity 50 dna
46 to 48 antigen
47 self 48 antigen
49 ( 50 dna
50 dna 51 )

dna [from] aged is hypomethylated and hypomethylation is associated with increased immunogenecity of self dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hypomethylated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 dna 3 aged
1 dna 4 is
4 is 5 hypomethylated
6 and 7 hypomethylation
6 and 9 associated
7 hypomethylation 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 immunogenecity
11 increased 12 immunogenecity
12 immunogenecity 13 of
13 of 15 dna
14 self 15 dna

age associated [decline] of the immune system continues to be a major health concern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 age 2 associated
1 age 4 of
1 age 8 continues
4 of 7 system
5 the 7 system
6 immune 7 system
8 continues 9 to
8 continues 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 14 concern
11 a 12 major
11 a 14 concern
12 major 13 health
13 health 14 concern

all components of innate and adaptive immunity are adversely affected to lesser or greater extent by ageing resulting in an overall decline of immunocompetence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 components
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 all 2 components
2 components 3 of
2 components 8 are
3 of 7 immunity
4 innate 5 and
5 and 6 adaptive
5 and 7 immunity
8 are 9 adversely
8 are 10 affected
10 affected 11 to
10 affected 16 by
11 to 15 extent
12 lesser 13 or
13 or 14 greater
13 or 15 extent
16 by 17 ageing
17 ageing 18 resulting
17 ageing 23 of
18 resulting 19 in
19 in 22 decline
20 an 21 overall
20 an 22 decline
21 overall 22 decline
23 of 24 immunocompetence

as a result in the aged population , there is increased susceptibility to infection , poor responses to vaccination , and increased incidence of autoreactivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 8 ,
1 as 9 there
2 a 3 result
3 result 4 in
4 in 7 population
5 the 7 population
6 aged 7 population
9 there 10 is
10 is 12 susceptibility
11 increased 12 susceptibility
12 susceptibility 13 to
13 to 21 and
14 infection 15 ,
15 , 17 responses
15 , 21 and
16 poor 17 responses
17 responses 18 to
18 to 19 vaccination
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 incidence
21 and 24 of
22 increased 23 incidence
24 of 25 autoreactivity

there is an increasing focus on the role of t [cells] during ageing because of their impact on the overall immune responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 focus
2 is 6 on
2 is 12 during
2 is 15 of
3 an 5 focus
4 increasing 5 focus
6 on 8 role
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 10 t
12 during 13 ageing
14 because 15 of
15 of 17 impact
16 their 17 impact
17 impact 18 on
18 on 22 responses
19 the 22 responses
20 overall 22 responses
21 immune 22 responses

a steady decline in the production of fresh naïve [t] cells , more restricted [t] cell receptor [(] tcr [ )(repertoire and weak activation of t cells are some of the effects of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 a 2 steady
1 a 3 decline
2 steady 3 decline
3 decline 4 in
3 decline 12 ,
4 in 6 production
5 the 6 production
6 production 7 of
7 of 11 cells
8 fresh 11 cells
9 naïve 11 cells
12 , 21 )(repertoire
12 , 22 and
13 more 14 restricted
14 restricted 16 cell
16 cell 17 receptor
17 receptor 21 )(repertoire
19 tcr 21 )(repertoire
22 and 24 activation
22 and 25 of
22 and 27 cells
23 weak 24 activation
25 of 26 t
27 cells 28 are
28 are 32 effects
29 some 30 of
29 some 32 effects
30 of 32 effects
31 the 32 effects
32 effects 33 of
33 of 34 ageing

in this review we summarize our present understanding of the effects of ageing on naïve cd4 t cells and potential approaches for therapeutic interventions to restore protective immunity in the aged population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 19 and
5 summarize 8 understanding
5 summarize 14 on
5 summarize 19 and
6 our 8 understanding
7 present 8 understanding
8 understanding 9 of
9 of 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 13 ageing
14 on 18 cells
15 naïve 18 cells
16 cd4 17 t
16 cd4 18 cells
19 and 26 restore
19 and 29 in
20 potential 21 approaches
21 approaches 22 for
21 approaches 25 to
22 for 24 interventions
23 therapeutic 24 interventions
25 to 26 restore
26 restore 28 immunity
27 protective 28 immunity
29 in 32 population
30 the 32 population
31 aged 32 population

why does cancer risk increase as [we] age ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 why
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ?
1 why 2 does
2 does 4 risk
2 does 5 increase
3 cancer 4 risk
5 increase 6 as
6 as 8 age

frequently attributed to the multi - hit hypothesis and the time required to accumulate genomic mutations , this question is a matter of ongoing debate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 frequently 2 attributed
2 attributed 3 to
2 attributed 17 ,
2 attributed 19 question
3 to 9 and
4 the 8 hypothesis
5 multi 6 -
5 multi 8 hypothesis
7 hit 8 hypothesis
8 hypothesis 9 and
9 and 11 time
9 and 12 required
10 the 11 time
12 required 13 to
12 required 14 accumulate
13 to 14 accumulate
14 accumulate 16 mutations
15 genomic 16 mutations
18 this 19 question
19 question 20 is
20 is 22 matter
21 a 22 matter
22 matter 23 of
23 of 25 debate
24 ongoing 25 debate

here , we propose that the normal decline in oxidative metabolism during aging constitutes an early and important " hit " that drives tumorigenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 propose
4 propose 5 that
5 that 8 decline
5 that 14 constitutes
6 the 8 decline
7 normal 8 decline
8 decline 9 in
8 decline 14 constitutes
9 in 11 metabolism
10 oxidative 11 metabolism
11 metabolism 12 during
12 during 13 aging
14 constitutes 20 hit
15 an 20 hit
16 early 17 and
17 and 18 important
17 and 20 hit
18 important 19 "
20 hit 21 "
20 hit 22 that
20 hit 23 drives
22 that 23 drives
23 drives 24 tumorigenesis

central to these metabolic changes are the sirtuins , a family of nad [(] [+] ) - dependent deacylases that have evolved as coordinators of physiological responses to nutrient intake and energetic demand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 central
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 central 2 to
1 central 6 are
2 to 5 changes
3 these 5 changes
4 metabolic 5 changes
6 are 8 sirtuins
7 the 8 sirtuins
8 sirtuins 11 family
9 , 11 family
10 a 11 family
11 family 12 of
11 family 16 )
12 of 13 nad
17 - 19 deacylases
18 dependent 19 deacylases
19 deacylases 20 that
19 deacylases 21 have
20 that 21 have
21 have 22 evolved
22 evolved 23 as
22 evolved 28 to
22 evolved 33 demand
23 as 24 coordinators
24 coordinators 25 of
25 of 27 responses
26 physiological 27 responses
28 to 31 and
29 nutrient 30 intake
30 intake 31 and
31 and 32 energetic

thus , the modulation of sirtuins might be a fruitful approach to reversing the age - related metabolic changes that could underlie tumorigenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 modulation
3 the 4 modulation
4 modulation 5 of
4 modulation 7 might
5 of 6 sirtuins
7 might 8 be
8 be 11 approach
9 a 10 fruitful
9 a 11 approach
10 fruitful 11 approach
11 approach 12 to
12 to 13 reversing
13 reversing 15 age
14 the 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 19 changes
17 related 24 .
18 metabolic 19 changes
19 changes 20 that
19 changes 21 could
20 that 21 could
21 could 22 underlie
22 underlie 23 tumorigenesis

an important pathologic hallmark of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is neuroinflammation , a process characterized in ad by disproportionate activation of cells ( microglia and astrocytes , primarily [ )(of the [non] [-] specific innate immune system within the cns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hallmark
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
1 an 4 hallmark
2 important 4 hallmark
3 pathologic 4 hallmark
4 hallmark 5 of
4 hallmark 12 is
5 of 8 disease
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 10 ad
9 ( 10 ad
10 ad 11 )
12 is 13 neuroinflammation
13 neuroinflammation 16 process
14 , 16 process
15 a 16 process
16 process 17 characterized
16 process 27 and
16 process 43 .
17 characterized 18 in
17 characterized 20 by
18 in 19 ad
20 by 22 activation
21 disproportionate 22 activation
22 activation 23 of
23 of 24 cells
25 ( 27 and
26 microglia 27 and
27 and 28 astrocytes
27 and 32 )(of
27 and 43 .
29 , 30 primarily
29 , 32 )(of
32 )(of 39 system
32 )(of 43 .
33 the 39 system
36 specific 39 system
37 innate 39 system
38 immune 39 system
39 system 40 within
40 within 42 cns
41 the 42 cns

while inflammation itself is not intrinsically detrimental , a delicate balance [of] pro - and anti - inflammatory signals must be maintained to ensure that long - term exaggerated responses do not damage the brain over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 while 2 inflammation
1 while 4 is
1 while 8 ,
1 while 15 and
2 inflammation 4 is
3 itself 4 is
4 is 5 not
4 is 6 intrinsically
4 is 7 detrimental
5 not 6 intrinsically
9 a 10 delicate
9 a 13 pro
10 delicate 11 balance
11 balance 13 pro
13 pro 15 and
14 - 15 and
15 and 19 signals
15 and 20 must
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 19 signals
18 inflammatory 19 signals
20 must 21 be
21 be 22 maintained
22 maintained 23 to
22 maintained 26 long
23 to 24 ensure
24 ensure 25 that
27 - 30 responses
27 - 33 damage
28 term 29 exaggerated
29 exaggerated 30 responses
30 responses 31 do
31 do 32 not
31 do 33 damage
33 damage 35 brain
34 the 35 brain
35 brain 36 over
36 over 37 time

[non] - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) represent a broad class of powerful therapeutics that temper inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase - mediated signaling pathways including prostaglandins , which are the principal mediators of cns neuroinflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 represent
2 - 7 drugs
3 steroidal 7 drugs
4 anti 5 -
4 anti 7 drugs
6 inflammatory 7 drugs
7 drugs 9 nsaids
7 drugs 11 represent
8 ( 9 nsaids
9 nsaids 10 )
11 represent 14 class
11 represent 21 by
12 a 14 class
13 broad 14 class
14 class 15 of
15 of 17 therapeutics
16 powerful 17 therapeutics
17 therapeutics 18 that
17 therapeutics 19 temper
18 that 19 temper
19 temper 20 inflammation
21 by 22 inhibiting
22 inhibiting 23 cyclooxygenase
23 cyclooxygenase 27 pathways
24 - 27 pathways
25 mediated 27 pathways
26 signaling 27 pathways
27 pathways 28 including
27 pathways 39 .
28 including 29 prostaglandins
29 prostaglandins 31 which
30 , 31 which
31 which 32 are
31 which 39 .
32 are 35 mediators
33 the 35 mediators
34 principal 35 mediators
35 mediators 36 of
36 of 38 neuroinflammation
37 cns 38 neuroinflammation

while historically used to treat discrete or systemic inflammatory conditions , epidemiologic evidence suggests that protracted nsaid use may delay ad [onset] , as well as decrease disease severity and rate of progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 suggests
1 while 3 used
1 while 13 evidence
2 historically 3 used
4 to 5 treat
4 to 11 ,
4 to 13 evidence
5 treat 10 conditions
6 discrete 7 or
7 or 8 systemic
7 or 10 conditions
9 inflammatory 10 conditions
12 epidemiologic 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 suggests
14 suggests 15 that
15 that 18 use
15 that 20 delay
16 protracted 18 use
17 nsaid 18 use
18 use 19 may
19 may 20 delay
20 delay 21 ad
20 delay 24 as
23 , 24 as
24 as 25 well
24 as 34 .
25 well 26 as
25 well 32 of
26 as 30 and
27 decrease 29 severity
28 disease 29 severity
29 severity 30 and
30 and 31 rate
32 of 33 progression

unfortunately , clinical trials with nsaids have thus far yielded disappointing results , including premature discontinuation of a large - scale prevention trial due to unexpected cardiovascular side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 4 trials
3 clinical 4 trials
4 trials 5 with
4 trials 7 have
5 with 6 nsaids
7 have 12 results
7 have 14 including
8 thus 9 far
9 far 12 results
10 yielded 12 results
11 disappointing 12 results
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 discontinuation
14 including 25 to
14 including 30 .
15 premature 16 discontinuation
16 discontinuation 17 of
17 of 23 trial
18 a 19 large
18 a 23 trial
19 large 20 -
19 large 21 scale
21 scale 22 prevention
22 prevention 23 trial
24 due 25 to
25 to 29 effects
26 unexpected 28 side
27 cardiovascular 28 side
28 side 29 effects

here we review the literature and make the argument that more targeted exploitation of downstream prostaglandin signaling pathways may offer significant therapeutic benefits for ad while minimizing adverse side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 6 and
3 review 5 literature
3 review 6 and
4 the 5 literature
6 and 7 make
7 make 9 argument
7 make 16 prostaglandin
8 the 9 argument
9 argument 10 that
10 that 11 more
10 that 12 targeted
11 more 12 targeted
12 targeted 13 exploitation
13 exploitation 14 of
14 of 15 downstream
16 prostaglandin 17 signaling
16 prostaglandin 18 pathways
16 prostaglandin 27 minimizing
18 pathways 19 may
19 may 20 offer
20 offer 23 benefits
20 offer 26 while
21 significant 23 benefits
22 therapeutic 23 benefits
23 benefits 24 for
24 for 25 ad
26 while 27 minimizing
27 minimizing 30 effects
28 adverse 29 side
29 side 30 effects

directed strategies such as these may ultimately help to delay the deleterious consequences of brain aging and might someday lead to new therapies for ad and other chronic neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 directed 2 strategies
2 strategies 4 as
2 strategies 17 and
2 strategies 26 and
3 such 4 as
4 as 5 these
6 may 8 help
6 may 17 and
7 ultimately 8 help
8 help 9 to
8 help 10 delay
9 to 10 delay
10 delay 13 consequences
11 the 13 consequences
12 deleterious 13 consequences
13 consequences 14 of
14 of 15 brain
15 brain 16 aging
17 and 18 might
17 and 21 to
18 might 20 lead
19 someday 20 lead
21 to 23 therapies
22 new 23 therapies
23 therapies 24 for
24 for 25 ad
26 and 30 diseases
27 other 30 diseases
28 chronic 30 diseases
29 neurodegenerative 30 diseases

objective : examine the association between multiple psychological factors ( depressive symptoms , trait anxiety , perceived stress ) and subclinical atherosclerosis in older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 examine
3 examine 20 and
3 examine 23 in
4 the 5 association
5 association 6 between
5 association 20 and
6 between 9 factors
7 multiple 9 factors
8 psychological 9 factors
9 factors 12 symptoms
9 factors 15 anxiety
10 ( 12 symptoms
11 depressive 12 symptoms
12 symptoms 13 ,
13 , 15 anxiety
14 trait 15 anxiety
15 anxiety 18 stress
15 anxiety 19 )
16 , 18 stress
17 perceived 18 stress
18 stress 19 )
20 and 22 atherosclerosis
21 subclinical 22 atherosclerosis
23 in 25 age
24 older 25 age

method : this cross - sectional study included 1101 adults ages 65 - 84 from the chicago healthy aging study ( chas - 2007 - 2010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 method 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 this 4 cross
5 - 7 study
5 - 8 included
5 - 28 .
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 included
8 included 10 adults
9 1101 10 adults
10 adults 11 ages
10 adults 15 from
11 ages 13 -
12 65 13 -
13 - 14 84
15 from 20 study
16 the 20 study
17 chicago 18 healthy
18 healthy 19 aging
19 aging 20 study
20 study 22 chas
21 ( 22 chas
22 chas 25 -
22 chas 27 )
23 - 24 2007
24 2007 25 -
25 - 26 2010

previously validated self - report instruments were used to assess psychological factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 previously 2 validated
2 validated 3 self
4 - 5 report
4 - 13 .
5 report 6 instruments
5 report 8 used
6 instruments 7 were
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 12 factors
11 psychological 12 factors

[non] - invasive methods were used to assess subclinical atherosclerosis in two regions of the body [,] i.e [.] , ankle [-] brachial blood pressure index ( abi ) and coronary artery calcification ( cac ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 - 4 methods
3 invasive 4 methods
4 methods 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 33 calcification
9 subclinical 10 atherosclerosis
10 atherosclerosis 11 in
10 atherosclerosis 30 and
11 in 13 regions
12 two 13 regions
13 regions 14 of
14 of 26 index
15 the 26 index
16 body 25 pressure
18 i.e 20 ,
18 i.e 21 ankle
21 ankle 25 pressure
23 brachial 24 blood
24 blood 25 pressure
25 pressure 26 index
26 index 28 abi
27 ( 28 abi
28 abi 29 )
30 and 31 coronary
30 and 32 artery
32 artery 33 calcification
33 calcification 35 cac
34 ( 35 cac
35 cac 36 )

multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between each psychological measure and subclinical atherosclerosis , after the adjustment for socio - demographic factors , sleep quality , young adulthood/early middle age and late - life cvd risk status , and psychological ill - being as appropriate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 multivariate 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 examine
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 9 association
7 examine 10 between
8 the 9 association
10 between 13 measure
11 each 13 measure
12 psychological 13 measure
14 and 16 atherosclerosis
14 and 46 being
15 subclinical 16 atherosclerosis
16 atherosclerosis 18 after
16 atherosclerosis 28 quality
16 atherosclerosis 32 middle
17 , 18 after
18 after 20 adjustment
18 after 26 ,
19 the 20 adjustment
20 adjustment 21 for
20 adjustment 25 factors
21 for 22 socio
23 - 25 factors
24 demographic 25 factors
25 factors 26 ,
26 , 28 quality
27 sleep 28 quality
28 quality 29 ,
30 young 32 middle
31 adulthood/early 32 middle
32 middle 34 and
32 middle 46 being
33 age 34 and
34 and 35 late
36 - 46 being
37 life 40 status
38 cvd 40 status
39 risk 40 status
40 status 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 ill
42 and 45 -
42 and 46 being
43 psychological 44 ill
46 being 48 appropriate
47 as 48 appropriate

results : the burden of major cardiovascular disease risk factors did not significantly differ across tertiles of psychological factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 burden
2 : 14 differ
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 burden
4 burden 5 of
4 burden 11 did
5 of 10 factors
6 major 8 disease
7 cardiovascular 8 disease
8 disease 10 factors
9 risk 10 factors
11 did 12 not
11 did 14 differ
13 significantly 14 differ
14 differ 15 across
15 across 16 tertiles
16 tertiles 17 of
17 of 19 factors
18 psychological 19 factors

in multivariate adjusted models , trait anxiety was associated with calcification : those in the second tertile were significantly more likely to have cac >0 compared to those in the lowest anxiety tertile [ or=1.68 [;] 95 % ci=1.09 - 2.58 ] , [but] no significant difference was observed for tertile iii of trait anxiety [ or=1.31 [;] 95 % ci=0.75 - 2.27 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 in 2 multivariate
2 multivariate 3 adjusted
3 adjusted 4 models
5 , 6 trait
6 trait 7 anxiety
6 trait 8 was
6 trait 9 associated
6 trait 10 with
6 trait 12 :
7 anxiety 8 was
10 with 11 calcification
12 : 13 those
12 : 19 significantly
12 : 22 to
13 those 14 in
13 those 17 tertile
13 those 18 were
14 in 16 second
15 the 16 second
17 tertile 18 were
20 more 21 likely
21 likely 22 to
22 to 23 have
23 have 25 >0
23 have 26 compared
24 cac 25 >0
26 compared 27 to
27 to 28 those
28 those 29 in
28 those 39 ci=1.09
29 in 33 tertile
30 the 31 lowest
30 the 33 tertile
32 anxiety 33 tertile
34 [ 39 ci=1.09
35 or=1.68 37 95
35 or=1.68 39 ci=1.09
38 % 39 ci=1.09
39 ci=1.09 41 2.58
39 ci=1.09 43 ,
40 - 41 2.58
41 2.58 42 ]
43 , 49 observed
45 no 47 difference
46 significant 47 difference
47 difference 48 was
48 was 49 observed
49 observed 50 for
50 for 51 tertile
51 tertile 52 iii
51 tertile 53 of
51 tertile 61 ci=0.75
53 of 55 anxiety
54 trait 55 anxiety
56 [ 61 ci=0.75
57 or=1.31 59 95
57 or=1.31 61 ci=0.75
60 % 61 ci=0.75
61 ci=0.75 63 2.27
61 ci=0.75 65 .
62 - 63 2.27
63 2.27 64 ]

no association was seen between psychological measures and abi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 no 2 association
2 association 3 was
3 was 4 seen
4 seen 5 between
5 between 8 and
6 psychological 7 measures
7 measures 8 and
8 and 9 abi

conclusion : of several psychological factors , only trait anxiety was significantly associated with cac . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 6 factors
4 several 6 factors
5 psychological 6 factors
7 , 8 only
7 , 13 associated
8 only 10 anxiety
9 trait 10 anxiety
10 anxiety 11 was
11 was 12 significantly
11 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 cac

aims : the macro - and microcirculation disease , in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) , induces ischemic wounds of the lower limbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 aims 2 :
2 : 4 macro
3 the 4 macro
5 - 6 and
6 and 8 disease
6 and 21 induces
7 microcirculation 8 disease
8 disease 10 in
8 disease 21 induces
9 , 10 in
10 in 11 patients
10 in 20 ,
11 patients 12 with
12 with 16 mellitus
13 type 16 mellitus
14 2 16 mellitus
15 diabetes 16 mellitus
16 mellitus 18 t2dm
17 ( 18 t2dm
18 t2dm 19 )
21 induces 23 wounds
22 ischemic 23 wounds
23 wounds 24 of
24 of 27 limbs
25 the 27 limbs
26 lower 27 limbs

we have tried to reduce the aggregation of red blood cells and to improve the o2 supply to the tissues and speed the healing of ulcers in t2dm patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 12 and
2 have 3 tried
2 have 12 and
3 tried 4 to
3 tried 5 reduce
4 to 5 reduce
5 reduce 7 aggregation
6 the 7 aggregation
7 aggregation 8 of
8 of 11 cells
9 red 10 blood
10 blood 11 cells
12 and 13 to
12 and 21 and
13 to 21 and
14 improve 17 supply
14 improve 18 to
14 improve 21 and
15 the 17 supply
16 o2 17 supply
18 to 20 tissues
19 the 20 tissues
21 and 22 speed
22 speed 24 healing
22 speed 27 in
23 the 24 healing
24 healing 25 of
25 of 26 ulcers
27 in 29 patients
28 t2dm 29 patients

methods : we enrolled 25 obese subjects without glucose intolerance ( group a [;] [bmi] greater than 30 kg/m2 ) , 20 obese adults intolerant to glucose ( group b ) and two subgroups , groups [c] [and] d , with t2dm and with leg ulcers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 enrolled
3 we 4 enrolled
4 enrolled 32 and
4 enrolled 43 and
5 25 7 subjects
6 obese 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 without
7 subjects 21 ,
8 without 10 intolerance
9 glucose 10 intolerance
10 intolerance 12 group
11 ( 12 group
12 group 13 a
12 group 16 greater
12 group 20 )
16 greater 17 than
17 than 19 kg/m2
18 30 19 kg/m2
21 , 24 adults
21 , 32 and
22 20 24 adults
23 obese 24 adults
24 adults 25 intolerant
25 intolerant 26 to
26 to 27 glucose
27 glucose 29 group
28 ( 29 group
29 group 30 b
29 group 31 )
32 and 34 subgroups
32 and 36 groups
33 two 34 subgroups
35 , 36 groups
36 groups 39 d
36 groups 40 ,
41 with 42 t2dm
41 with 43 and
43 and 44 with
44 with 46 ulcers
45 leg 46 ulcers

the groups [a] [,] [b] [and] [c] were treated with pesf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 groups
2 groups 8 were
8 were 9 treated
9 treated 10 with
10 with 11 pesf

body weight , o2 extraction , the capillary pulse , blood pressure and the surface of the ulcers were monitored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 monitored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 body 2 weight
2 weight 3 ,
3 , 5 extraction
3 , 6 ,
4 o2 5 extraction
6 , 9 pulse
6 , 10 ,
7 the 9 pulse
8 capillary 9 pulse
10 , 12 pressure
10 , 13 and
11 blood 12 pressure
13 and 15 surface
13 and 16 of
13 and 19 were
14 the 15 surface
16 of 18 ulcers
17 the 18 ulcers
19 were 20 monitored

conclusions : the technique pesf has affected the metabolic processes and the speed of wound healing ulcer in patients with t2dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 technique
3 the 4 technique
4 technique 5 pesf
4 technique 7 affected
5 pesf 6 has
6 has 7 affected
7 affected 17 ulcer
8 the 17 ulcer
9 metabolic 10 processes
10 processes 11 and
11 and 13 speed
11 and 14 of
11 and 17 ulcer
12 the 13 speed
14 of 16 healing
15 wound 16 healing
17 ulcer 18 in
17 ulcer 20 with
18 in 19 patients
20 with 21 t2dm

studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains and risk of alzheimer 's disease between the men and women at later age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 studies 2 have
2 have 3 shown
3 shown 4 differences
3 shown 9 domains
3 shown 10 and
3 shown 16 between
3 shown 21 at
4 differences 5 in
5 in 8 ability
6 specific 8 ability
7 cognitive 8 ability
10 and 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 15 disease
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
16 between 19 and
17 the 18 men
18 men 19 and
19 and 20 women
21 at 23 age
22 later 23 age

further , the rate [of] cognitive decline with aging is also different between the sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 7 decline
3 the 7 decline
4 rate 7 decline
6 cognitive 7 decline
7 decline 8 with
7 decline 10 is
8 with 9 aging
10 is 11 also
10 is 12 different
12 different 13 between
13 between 15 sexes
14 the 15 sexes

understanding the biology of sex differences in cognitive function will not only provide insight into alzheimer 's disease prevention [,] but also is integral to the development [of] personalized , gender - specific medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
1 understanding 3 biology
1 understanding 7 in
1 understanding 22 also
2 the 3 biology
3 biology 4 of
4 of 6 differences
5 sex 6 differences
7 in 10 will
8 cognitive 9 function
9 function 10 will
11 not 12 only
12 only 22 also
13 provide 14 insight
13 provide 15 into
13 provide 22 also
15 into 19 prevention
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 19 prevention
18 disease 19 prevention
21 but 22 also
22 also 23 is
23 is 24 integral
24 integral 25 to
25 to 27 development
26 the 27 development
27 development 29 personalized
27 development 31 gender
30 , 31 gender
31 gender 32 -
32 - 34 medicine
32 - 35 .
33 specific 34 medicine

aging is associated with increased circulating pro [-] inflammatory and lower anti - inflammatory cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 15 cytokines
5 increased 7 pro
6 circulating 7 pro
7 pro 15 cytokines
9 inflammatory 10 and
10 and 11 lower
10 and 15 cytokines
12 anti 13 -
12 anti 15 cytokines
14 inflammatory 15 cytokines

exercise training , in addition to improving muscle function , reduces these circulating pro [-] inflammatory cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 exercise 2 training
3 , 10 ,
4 in 5 addition
4 in 10 ,
5 addition 6 to
6 to 7 improving
7 improving 8 muscle
9 function 10 ,
10 , 11 reduces
11 reduces 17 cytokines
12 these 17 cytokines
13 circulating 14 pro
14 pro 17 cytokines
16 inflammatory 17 cytokines

yet , few studies have evaluated changes in the expression of cytokines within skeletal muscle after exercise training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 4 studies
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 7 changes
6 evaluated 8 in
6 evaluated 13 within
6 evaluated 16 after
8 in 10 expression
9 the 10 expression
10 expression 11 of
11 of 12 cytokines
13 within 15 muscle
14 skeletal 15 muscle
16 after 18 training
17 exercise 18 training

protein expression of various cytokines was determined in muscle homogenates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 protein 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 6 was
3 of 5 cytokines
4 various 5 cytokines
6 was 7 determined
7 determined 8 in
8 in 10 homogenates
9 muscle 10 homogenates

the expression of mcp - 1 , il - 8 and il - 6 ( which are traditionally classified [as] ['] [pro] - inflammatory ['] ) increased substantially after acute exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 27 increased
3 of 4 mcp
4 mcp 6 1
4 mcp 8 il
5 - 6 1
6 1 7 ,
7 , 8 il
8 il 12 il
8 il 26 )
9 - 12 il
10 8 11 and
11 and 12 il
12 il 14 6
12 il 26 )
13 - 14 6
14 6 16 which
14 6 26 )
15 ( 16 which
16 which 17 are
16 which 26 )
17 are 18 traditionally
17 are 19 classified
19 classified 23 -
19 classified 24 inflammatory
27 increased 28 substantially
27 increased 29 after
29 after 31 exercise
30 acute 31 exercise

by contrast , the expression of the anti - inflammatory cytokines il - 4 , il - 10 and il - 13 increased only slightly ( [or] not at all ) after acute exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 13
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 by 2 contrast
1 by 21 -
1 by 22 13
2 contrast 5 expression
2 contrast 16 il
3 , 5 expression
4 the 5 expression
5 expression 6 of
5 expression 15 ,
6 of 12 il
7 the 11 cytokines
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 11 cytokines
10 inflammatory 11 cytokines
11 cytokines 12 il
12 il 14 4
13 - 14 4
14 4 15 ,
15 , 16 il
16 il 20 il
16 il 21 -
17 - 20 il
18 10 19 and
19 and 20 il
20 il 21 -
22 13 23 increased
23 increased 24 only
23 increased 25 slightly
23 increased 29 at
23 increased 32 after
26 ( 28 not
26 ( 29 at
29 at 30 all
29 at 31 )
32 after 34 exercise
33 acute 34 exercise

these responses were not significantly different between young and elderly men , either before or after 12 weeks of exercise training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 responses
2 responses 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 different
5 significantly 6 different
6 different 7 between
6 different 15 or
7 between 9 and
8 young 9 and
9 and 11 men
9 and 12 ,
10 elderly 11 men
13 either 15 or
14 before 15 or
15 or 16 after
16 after 18 weeks
17 12 18 weeks
18 weeks 19 of
19 of 21 training
20 exercise 21 training

however , compared with the young men , the expression [of] pro - inflammatory cytokines 2 h post exercise tended to be greater in the elderly men prior to training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 tended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 19 exercise
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 13 -
3 compared 19 exercise
4 with 7 men
5 the 7 men
6 young 7 men
7 men 12 pro
8 , 12 pro
9 the 12 pro
10 expression 12 pro
12 pro 13 -
14 inflammatory 15 cytokines
15 cytokines 18 post
16 2 17 h
17 h 18 post
18 post 19 exercise
19 exercise 20 tended
20 tended 21 to
20 tended 22 be
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 greater
23 greater 24 in
23 greater 29 to
24 in 27 men
25 the 27 men
26 elderly 27 men
28 prior 29 to
29 to 30 training

training attenuated this difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 training 2 attenuated
2 attenuated 4 difference
3 this 4 difference

these data suggest that the inflammatory response to unaccustomed exercise increases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 response
4 that 11 increases
5 the 7 response
6 inflammatory 7 response
7 response 8 to
7 response 11 increases
8 to 10 exercise
9 unaccustomed 10 exercise
11 increases 12 with
12 with 13 age

furthermore , regular exercise training may help to normalize this inflammatory response , which could have important implications for muscle regeneration and adaptation in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 training
3 regular 4 exercise
4 exercise 5 training
5 training 6 may
6 may 7 help
7 help 8 to
7 help 9 normalize
8 to 9 normalize
9 normalize 12 response
10 this 12 response
11 inflammatory 12 response
13 , 14 which
13 , 16 have
14 which 15 could
15 could 16 have
16 have 18 implications
16 have 19 for
16 have 24 in
17 important 18 implications
19 for 22 and
20 muscle 21 regeneration
21 regeneration 22 and
22 and 23 adaptation
24 in 26 elderly
25 the 26 elderly

the dual mechanisms [of] control [(] dmc ; braver , gray [,] & burgess , 2007 ) [framework] postulates a distinction between proactive and reactive modes of cognitive control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 dual 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 5 control
5 control 7 dmc
8 ; 9 braver
8 ; 10 ,
10 , 14 burgess
10 , 19 postulates
11 gray 13 &
13 & 14 burgess
14 burgess 16 2007
14 burgess 19 postulates
15 , 16 2007
16 2007 17 )
19 postulates 21 distinction
19 postulates 22 between
20 a 21 distinction
22 between 26 modes
23 proactive 24 and
24 and 25 reactive
24 and 26 modes
26 modes 27 of
27 of 29 control
28 cognitive 29 control

event - related brain potentials ( erps ) were used to examine age differences in the neural [correlates] of proactive and reactive control [for] task - switching . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 event
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
1 event 10 used
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 brain
3 related 10 used
4 brain 5 potentials
4 brain 9 were
5 potentials 7 erps
5 potentials 9 were
6 ( 7 erps
7 erps 8 )
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 examine
11 to 12 examine
12 examine 14 differences
12 examine 25 task
13 age 14 differences
14 differences 15 in
14 differences 19 of
14 differences 25 task
15 in 17 neural
16 the 17 neural
19 of 23 control
20 proactive 21 and
21 and 22 reactive
21 and 23 control
25 task 27 switching
26 - 27 switching
27 switching 28 .

whereas proactive control is associated with brain activity for anticipatory task preparation , reactive control is accompanied by reduced preparatory activity , but increased activation during task execution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 whereas 3 control
1 whereas 5 associated
1 whereas 13 ,
1 whereas 15 control
2 proactive 3 control
3 control 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 activity
7 brain 8 activity
8 activity 9 for
9 for 12 preparation
10 anticipatory 11 task
11 task 12 preparation
14 reactive 15 control
15 control 23 but
16 is 17 accompanied
16 is 23 but
17 accompanied 18 by
18 by 21 activity
19 reduced 21 activity
20 preparatory 21 activity
22 , 23 but
23 but 24 increased
24 increased 25 activation
24 increased 26 during
26 during 28 execution
27 task 28 execution

switching between tasks was based on feedback - based transition cueing which places particularly high demands on mechanisms for cognitive control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 switching
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 switching 2 between
1 switching 4 was
2 between 3 tasks
4 was 5 based
5 based 6 on
6 on 7 feedback
8 - 11 cueing
9 based 10 transition
10 transition 11 cueing
11 cueing 12 which
11 cueing 13 places
12 which 13 places
13 places 16 demands
14 particularly 15 high
15 high 16 demands
16 demands 17 on
17 on 18 mechanisms
18 mechanisms 19 for
19 for 21 control
20 cognitive 21 control

older adults maintained good performance accuracy at the expense of slower response times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 maintained
3 maintained 6 accuracy
3 maintained 7 at
4 good 5 performance
5 performance 6 accuracy
7 at 9 expense
8 the 9 expense
9 expense 10 of
10 of 13 times
11 slower 12 response
12 response 13 times

no age [-] related increase in behavioral switching costs was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 no 5 increase
2 age 4 related
4 related 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 10 was
6 in 9 costs
7 behavioral 9 costs
8 switching 9 costs
10 was 11 observed

the cue - locked erp ( p3a ) data revealed an age - related decrease in neural activity related to the processing of switch cues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
1 the 2 cue
3 - 19 related
4 locked 9 data
5 erp 7 p3a
5 erp 9 data
6 ( 7 p3a
7 p3a 8 )
9 data 10 revealed
10 revealed 12 age
10 revealed 19 related
11 an 12 age
12 age 19 related
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 decrease
14 related 16 in
14 related 19 related
16 in 18 activity
17 neural 18 activity
19 related 20 to
19 related 26 .
20 to 22 processing
21 the 22 processing
22 processing 23 of
23 of 25 cues
24 switch 25 cues

in the target - locked erps , there was an increased frontal focus of the p3b in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 target
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 there
2 the 3 target
3 target 6 erps
4 - 6 erps
5 locked 6 erps
6 erps 7 ,
8 there 9 was
9 was 13 focus
10 an 13 focus
11 increased 13 focus
12 frontal 13 focus
13 focus 14 of
14 of 16 p3b
15 the 16 p3b
16 p3b 17 in
17 in 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

these erp data indicate an age [-] related neural [under] - recruitment for proactive cognitive control and an age - related neural [over] - recruitment [for] reactive cognitive control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 3 data
2 erp 3 data
3 data 4 indicate
4 indicate 12 recruitment
5 an 6 age
5 an 12 recruitment
6 age 8 related
8 related 12 recruitment
9 neural 11 -
9 neural 12 recruitment
12 recruitment 13 for
13 for 17 and
14 proactive 16 control
15 cognitive 16 control
16 control 17 and
17 and 19 age
18 an 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 29 control
22 neural 24 -
22 neural 25 recruitment
25 recruitment 29 control
27 reactive 29 control
28 cognitive 29 control

they are consistent with the idea that older adults may not fully implement task settings before target onset , [after] which they need to catch up on the omitted preparatory task settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 consistent
3 consistent 4 with
4 with 6 idea
4 with 16 before
5 the 6 idea
6 idea 7 that
7 that 9 adults
7 that 13 implement
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 may
10 may 11 not
10 may 13 implement
12 fully 13 implement
13 implement 15 settings
14 task 15 settings
16 before 18 onset
17 target 18 onset
18 onset 21 which
19 , 21 which
21 which 25 catch
21 which 33 .
22 they 23 need
23 need 24 to
23 need 25 catch
24 to 25 catch
25 catch 26 up
25 catch 27 on
27 on 32 settings
28 the 32 settings
29 omitted 31 task
30 preparatory 31 task
31 task 32 settings

objective : to analyze the clinical and pathologic influencing factors of early recurrence in patients with histological [node] - negative ( pn0 [stage] ) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical esophagectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 analyze
3 to 4 analyze
4 analyze 10 factors
4 analyze 29 after
5 the 10 factors
6 clinical 7 and
7 and 8 pathologic
7 and 10 factors
9 influencing 10 factors
10 factors 11 of
10 factors 16 with
11 of 13 recurrence
12 early 13 recurrence
13 recurrence 14 in
14 in 15 patients
16 with 28 carcinoma
17 histological 19 -
17 histological 28 carcinoma
20 negative 22 pn0
20 negative 24 )
20 negative 27 cell
21 ( 22 pn0
22 pn0 24 )
25 esophageal 27 cell
26 squamous 27 cell
27 cell 28 carcinoma
29 after 31 esophagectomy
30 radical 31 esophagectomy

methods : a retrospective study on 112 consecutive pn0 stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy by the same surgical team from january 2004 to december 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 5 study
3 a 5 study
4 retrospective 5 study
5 study 6 on
5 study 18 esophagectomy
6 on 15 patients
7 112 15 patients
8 consecutive 10 stage
9 pn0 10 stage
10 stage 15 patients
11 esophageal 13 cell
12 squamous 13 cell
13 cell 15 patients
14 carcinoma 15 patients
15 patients 16 who
15 patients 17 underwent
16 who 17 underwent
18 esophagectomy 19 with
18 esophagectomy 29 to
19 with 20 lymphadenectomy
20 lymphadenectomy 21 by
21 by 25 team
22 the 23 same
23 same 25 team
24 surgical 25 team
25 team 26 from
26 from 27 january
27 january 28 2004
29 to 30 december
30 december 31 2010

there were 92 male and 20 female patients , aging from 36 to 80 years with a mean age of 60.3 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 and
3 92 5 and
4 male 5 and
5 and 8 patients
5 and 10 aging
6 20 8 patients
7 female 8 patients
9 , 10 aging
10 aging 15 years
10 aging 16 with
10 aging 23 .
11 from 13 to
12 36 13 to
13 to 14 80
13 to 15 years
16 with 19 age
17 a 19 age
18 mean 19 age
19 age 20 of
20 of 22 years
21 60.3 22 years

the cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the independent risk factors for recurrence within 3 years after the operation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 cox
2 cox 4 hazards
2 cox 5 model
2 cox 6 was
3 proportional 4 hazards
4 hazards 5 model
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 determine
8 to 9 determine
9 determine 13 factors
9 determine 14 for
9 determine 16 within
10 the 13 factors
11 independent 13 factors
12 risk 13 factors
14 for 15 recurrence
16 within 18 years
17 3 18 years
18 years 19 after
19 after 21 operation
20 the 21 operation

results : recurrence was recognized in 45 patients ( 40.2 % ) within 3 years after operation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 recurrence
2 : 5 recognized
2 : 18 .
3 recurrence 4 was
4 was 5 recognized
5 recognized 6 in
5 recognized 13 within
5 recognized 16 after
6 in 8 patients
7 45 8 patients
8 patients 11 %
9 ( 11 %
10 40.2 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 within 15 years
14 3 15 years
16 after 17 operation

the median time to tumor recurrence was 17.4 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 time
2 median 3 time
3 time 4 to
3 time 7 was
4 to 6 recurrence
5 tumor 6 recurrence
7 was 9 months
8 17.4 9 months

locoregional recurrence was found in 38 patients ( 33.9 % ) , [and] hematogenous metastasis in 7 patients ( 6.3 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recurrence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 locoregional 2 recurrence
2 recurrence 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 in
5 in 7 patients
6 38 7 patients
7 patients 10 %
7 patients 15 metastasis
8 ( 10 %
9 33.9 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 , 15 metastasis
14 hematogenous 15 metastasis
15 metastasis 16 in
15 metastasis 22 )
16 in 18 patients
17 7 18 patients
18 patients 21 %
19 ( 21 %
20 6.3 21 %
21 % 22 )

recurrence closely correlated with tumor location [,] grade of differentiation , pt stage and pathologic stage ( χ ( 2 ) = 6.380 to 18.837 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recurrence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 recurrence 3 correlated
2 closely 3 correlated
3 correlated 4 with
3 correlated 24 to
3 correlated 28 <
4 with 14 and
5 tumor 8 grade
6 location 8 grade
8 grade 9 of
8 grade 11 ,
9 of 10 differentiation
11 , 13 stage
11 , 14 and
12 pt 13 stage
14 and 16 stage
14 and 18 χ
15 pathologic 16 stage
17 ( 18 χ
18 χ 20 2
18 χ 21 )
19 ( 20 2
20 2 21 )
22 = 23 6.380
23 6.380 24 to
24 to 25 18.837
26 , 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.05
28 < 30 )

the cox multivariate analysis showed that tumor location ( [rr] = 1.092 , p = 0.049 ) and pt3 - 4a [stage] ( [rr] = 3.296 , p = 0.017 ) were independent risk factors for postoperative locoregional recurrence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 4 analysis
2 cox 4 analysis
3 multivariate 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 showed
5 showed 8 location
5 showed 15 =
6 that 8 location
7 tumor 8 location
8 location 12 1.092
9 ( 12 1.092
11 = 12 1.092
12 1.092 13 ,
13 , 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.049
15 = 17 )
18 and 21 4a
18 and 32 were
19 pt3 20 -
19 pt3 21 4a
21 4a 26 3.296
21 4a 32 were
23 ( 26 3.296
25 = 26 3.296
26 3.296 29 =
26 3.296 31 )
27 , 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.017
29 = 31 )
32 were 35 factors
33 independent 35 factors
34 risk 35 factors
35 factors 36 for
36 for 39 recurrence
37 postoperative 39 recurrence
38 locoregional 39 recurrence

conclusions : the most common recurrence pattern of patients with pn0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma would develop recurrence within 3 years after operation is locoregional recurrence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 pattern
2 : 17 develop
2 : 27 .
3 the 7 pattern
4 most 5 common
5 common 6 recurrence
6 recurrence 7 pattern
7 pattern 8 of
7 pattern 16 would
8 of 9 patients
9 patients 10 with
10 with 15 carcinoma
11 pn0 15 carcinoma
12 esophageal 14 cell
13 squamous 14 cell
14 cell 15 carcinoma
16 would 17 develop
17 develop 18 recurrence
17 develop 19 within
17 develop 22 after
19 within 21 years
20 3 21 years
22 after 23 operation
22 after 24 is
23 operation 24 is
24 is 26 recurrence
25 locoregional 26 recurrence

upper/middle thoracic location and pt3 - 4a [stage] are independent risk factors for locoregional recurrence of pn0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after operation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 location
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 upper/middle 3 location
2 thoracic 3 location
4 and 7 4a
4 and 9 are
5 pt3 6 -
5 pt3 7 4a
7 4a 9 are
9 are 12 factors
10 independent 12 factors
11 risk 12 factors
12 factors 13 for
12 factors 16 of
13 for 15 recurrence
14 locoregional 15 recurrence
16 of 21 carcinoma
17 pn0 21 carcinoma
18 esophageal 20 cell
19 squamous 20 cell
20 cell 21 carcinoma
21 carcinoma 22 after
22 after 23 operation

objective : to analyze the clinical features , diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer associated paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( ple ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 analyze
2 : 22 .
3 to 4 analyze
4 analyze 10 and
4 analyze 15 associated
5 the 7 features
6 clinical 7 features
7 features 8 ,
8 , 9 diagnosis
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 treatment
10 and 12 of
10 and 15 associated
12 of 14 cancer
13 lung 14 cancer
15 associated 18 encephalitis
16 paraneoplastic 18 encephalitis
17 limbic 18 encephalitis
18 encephalitis 20 ple
19 ( 20 ple
20 ple 21 )

methods : the clinical data of 7 cases of patients with lung cancer associated ple out of 8927 patients of lung cancer from january 2000 to may 2010 was analyzed retrospectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 5 data
2 : 30 analyzed
3 the 5 data
4 clinical 5 data
5 data 6 of
5 data 9 of
5 data 17 of
5 data 29 was
6 of 8 cases
7 7 8 cases
9 of 10 patients
10 patients 11 with
11 with 15 ple
12 lung 13 cancer
13 cancer 14 associated
14 associated 15 ple
16 out 17 of
17 of 19 patients
18 8927 19 patients
19 patients 20 of
19 patients 26 to
20 of 22 cancer
21 lung 22 cancer
22 cancer 23 from
23 from 24 january
24 january 25 2000
26 to 27 may
27 may 28 2010
29 was 30 analyzed
30 analyzed 31 retrospectively

all the patients were male , aging from 41 to 54 years with a mean of 48 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
1 all 2 the
1 all 3 patients
1 all 4 were
2 the 3 patients
4 were 5 male
5 male 7 aging
6 , 7 aging
7 aging 8 from
7 aging 13 with
7 aging 19 .
8 from 12 years
9 41 10 to
10 to 11 54
10 to 12 years
13 with 15 mean
14 a 15 mean
15 mean 16 of
16 of 18 years
17 48 18 years

the data including history , physical examination , laboratory tests , diagnosis , treatment [and] [follow] - up were collected and analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 including
2 data 21 and
3 including 4 history
3 including 18 up
4 history 7 examination
4 history 10 tests
4 history 12 diagnosis
5 , 7 examination
6 physical 7 examination
7 examination 8 ,
8 , 10 tests
9 laboratory 10 tests
10 tests 11 ,
11 , 12 diagnosis
12 diagnosis 14 treatment
12 diagnosis 17 -
13 , 14 treatment
14 treatment 17 -
19 were 20 collected
19 were 21 and
21 and 22 analyzed

results : all the 7 patients had smoking history . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 all
2 : 7 had
2 : 10 .
3 all 4 the
3 all 6 patients
3 all 7 had
4 the 5 7
5 7 6 patients
7 had 9 history
8 smoking 9 history

all 7 patients had varying short - term memory loss , 6 had epilepsy , 4 had different degrees of mental disorders , and 2 [had] syndrome [of] inappropriate secretion [of] antidiuretic hormone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 all 2 7
2 7 3 patients
3 patients 4 had
4 had 10 loss
5 varying 8 term
6 short 7 -
6 short 8 term
8 term 9 memory
9 memory 10 loss
11 , 12 6
11 , 13 had
11 , 15 ,
12 6 13 had
13 had 14 epilepsy
15 , 16 4
15 , 17 had
16 4 17 had
17 had 19 degrees
18 different 19 degrees
19 degrees 20 of
20 of 24 and
21 mental 22 disorders
22 disorders 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 33 hormone
24 and 34 .
25 2 33 hormone
27 syndrome 33 hormone
29 inappropriate 30 secretion
30 secretion 33 hormone
32 antidiuretic 33 hormone

malignancies were screened and detected by chest x - [ray] or ct scan , while the pathological diagnoses were obtained through [biopsy] or transbronchial needle aspiration through electronic bronchoscope ( 5/7 ) , [biopsy] of supraclavicular lymph nodes ( 1/7 ) and open pulmonary lobectomy ( 1/7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 malignancies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 malignancies 4 and
1 malignancies 42 and
2 were 3 screened
2 were 4 and
4 and 5 detected
4 and 6 by
6 by 11 or
7 chest 8 x
7 chest 11 or
9 - 11 or
11 or 12 ct
13 scan 15 while
13 scan 42 and
14 , 15 while
15 while 18 diagnoses
15 while 19 were
15 while 41 )
16 the 18 diagnoses
17 pathological 18 diagnoses
18 diagnoses 19 were
19 were 26 aspiration
20 obtained 25 needle
21 through 23 or
23 or 24 transbronchial
23 or 25 needle
25 needle 26 aspiration
26 aspiration 27 through
26 aspiration 31 5/7
26 aspiration 35 of
27 through 29 bronchoscope
28 electronic 29 bronchoscope
30 ( 31 5/7
31 5/7 32 )
33 , 35 of
35 of 38 nodes
35 of 41 )
36 supraclavicular 37 lymph
37 lymph 38 nodes
38 nodes 40 1/7
39 ( 40 1/7
40 1/7 41 )
42 and 43 open
42 and 45 lobectomy
44 pulmonary 45 lobectomy
45 lobectomy 47 1/7
46 ( 47 1/7
47 1/7 48 )

the pathological diagnosis included small cell lung cancer in 6 cases , adenocarcinoma of [lung] in 1 case . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
1 the 3 diagnosis
2 pathological 3 diagnosis
3 diagnosis 4 included
4 included 8 cancer
4 included 9 in
5 small 6 cell
6 cell 8 cancer
7 lung 8 cancer
9 in 11 cases
10 6 11 cases
11 cases 13 adenocarcinoma
12 , 13 adenocarcinoma
13 adenocarcinoma 14 of
13 adenocarcinoma 19 .
14 of 16 in
16 in 18 case
17 1 18 case

during [the] [follow] - up , 1 patient was lost , and the mean time of [follow] - up of the remaining 6 patients was about 11.5 months ( ranged from 4 to 21 months ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 lost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 during 5 up
1 during 6 ,
1 during 8 patient
4 - 5 up
7 1 8 patient
8 patient 9 was
9 was 10 lost
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 time
12 and 25 was
13 the 15 time
14 mean 15 time
15 time 16 of
15 time 20 of
15 time 25 was
16 of 19 up
18 - 19 up
20 of 24 patients
21 the 22 remaining
21 the 23 6
23 6 24 patients
25 was 28 months
26 about 27 11.5
27 11.5 28 months
28 months 30 ranged
29 ( 30 ranged
30 ranged 31 from
30 ranged 36 )
31 from 35 months
32 4 33 to
33 to 34 21
33 to 35 months

four patients received early immunosuppressive treatment in terms of corticosteroids , only slight relief of neurological symptoms was seen in 2 patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 four 2 patients
2 patients 3 received
3 received 6 treatment
3 received 7 in
4 early 6 treatment
5 immunosuppressive 6 treatment
7 in 8 terms
8 terms 9 of
9 of 10 corticosteroids
11 , 12 only
11 , 19 seen
12 only 14 relief
13 slight 14 relief
14 relief 15 of
14 relief 18 was
15 of 17 symptoms
16 neurological 17 symptoms
18 was 19 seen
19 seen 20 in
20 in 22 patients
21 2 22 patients

[however] [,] [after] chemotherapy [(] [6/6] [ )(, radiation [(] 3/6 [ )(, or surgical removal of the tumor ( 1/6 ) , complete remission ( 3/6 , with negative anti - hu antibody [ )(or partial remission ( 3/6 , [2] [of] [whom] with positive anti - hu antibody [ )(of neurological symptoms were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 chemotherapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 )(,
8 )(, 14 or
9 radiation 11 3/6
9 radiation 14 or
13 )(, 14 or
14 or 16 removal
14 or 23 ,
14 or 24 complete
15 surgical 16 removal
16 removal 17 of
17 of 19 tumor
18 the 19 tumor
19 tumor 21 1/6
20 ( 21 1/6
21 1/6 22 )
24 complete 25 remission
24 complete 29 with
25 remission 27 3/6
26 ( 27 3/6
27 3/6 28 ,
29 with 33 hu
29 with 36 )(or
30 negative 33 hu
31 anti 32 -
31 anti 33 hu
34 antibody 36 )(or
36 )(or 38 remission
36 )(or 40 3/6
36 )(or 45 with
37 partial 38 remission
39 ( 40 3/6
40 3/6 41 ,
41 , 45 with
45 with 49 hu
45 with 57 .
46 positive 49 hu
47 anti 48 -
47 anti 49 hu
49 hu 50 antibody
49 hu 55 were
49 hu 56 observed
50 antibody 52 )(of
50 antibody 55 were
52 )(of 54 symptoms
53 neurological 54 symptoms

conclusions : ple is a rare disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ple
2 : 4 is
2 : 8 .
3 ple 4 is
4 is 7 disease
5 a 6 rare
5 a 7 disease
6 rare 7 disease

in comparison with immunosuppressive therapy , chemotherapy , radiation or surgical removal of the tumor could provide better remission of the neurological symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 6 ,
1 in 10 or
2 comparison 3 with
3 with 5 therapy
4 immunosuppressive 5 therapy
7 chemotherapy 8 ,
8 , 9 radiation
8 , 10 or
10 or 12 removal
10 or 13 of
10 or 16 could
11 surgical 12 removal
13 of 15 tumor
14 the 15 tumor
16 could 17 provide
17 provide 19 remission
18 better 19 remission
19 remission 20 of
20 of 23 symptoms
21 the 23 symptoms
22 neurological 23 symptoms

positive serum anti - hu [antibody] , poorer tumor stag , and together [with] poorer response to treatments seem to indicate a poorer prognosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 positive 2 serum
2 serum 5 hu
3 anti 4 -
3 anti 5 hu
5 hu 7 ,
7 , 10 stag
7 , 12 and
8 poorer 9 tumor
9 tumor 10 stag
11 , 12 and
12 and 16 response
12 and 17 to
12 and 19 seem
13 together 15 poorer
15 poorer 16 response
17 to 18 treatments
19 seem 20 to
19 seem 21 indicate
20 to 21 indicate
21 indicate 24 prognosis
22 a 24 prognosis
23 poorer 24 prognosis

rationale and objectives : differentiating mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) [from] healthy aging remains challenging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 rationale 2 and
2 and 3 objectives
3 objectives 4 :
4 : 5 differentiating
5 differentiating 8 impairment
6 mild 8 impairment
7 cognitive 8 impairment
8 impairment 10 mci
9 ( 10 mci
10 mci 11 )
12 and 20 aging
12 and 21 remains
13 alzheimer 14 disease
14 disease 16 ad
15 ( 16 ad
16 ad 17 )
16 ad 20 aging
19 healthy 20 aging
20 aging 21 remains
21 remains 22 challenging

this study aimed to explore the cerebral structural alterations of subjects with mci or ad as compared to healthy elderly based on the individual and collective effects of cerebral morphologic indices using univariate and multivariate analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
2 study 14 or
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 12 with
4 to 5 explore
5 explore 9 alterations
6 the 9 alterations
7 cerebral 9 alterations
8 structural 9 alterations
9 alterations 10 of
10 of 11 subjects
12 with 13 mci
14 or 15 ad
14 or 18 to
14 or 28 of
15 ad 17 compared
16 as 17 compared
18 to 27 effects
19 healthy 27 effects
20 elderly 21 based
20 elderly 25 and
21 based 22 on
22 on 24 individual
23 the 24 individual
25 and 26 collective
25 and 27 effects
28 of 31 indices
29 cerebral 31 indices
30 morphologic 31 indices
31 indices 32 using
32 using 34 and
33 univariate 34 and
34 and 36 analyses
35 multivariate 36 analyses

materials and methods : t1 - weighted images ( t1wis ) were retrieved from alzheimer disease neuroimaging initiative database for 116 subjects who were categorized into groups of healthy aging , mci , and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 t1
6 - 8 images
6 - 25 categorized
7 weighted 8 images
8 images 10 t1wis
8 images 12 were
9 ( 10 t1wis
10 t1wis 11 )
12 were 13 retrieved
13 retrieved 14 from
14 from 18 initiative
15 alzheimer 16 disease
16 disease 17 neuroimaging
17 neuroimaging 18 initiative
18 initiative 19 database
18 initiative 25 categorized
19 database 20 for
19 database 25 categorized
20 for 22 subjects
21 116 22 subjects
22 subjects 23 who
22 subjects 24 were
23 who 24 were
25 categorized 26 into
26 into 34 and
27 groups 28 of
27 groups 34 and
28 of 30 aging
29 healthy 30 aging
30 aging 32 mci
31 , 32 mci
32 mci 33 ,
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 ad

analysis of covariance ( ancova ) and multivariate analysis of covariance ( mancova ) were performed to explore the intergroup morphologic alterations indexed by surface area , curvature index , cortical thickness , and subjacent white matter volume with age and sex controlled as covariates , in 34 parcellated gyri regions of interest ( rois ) for both cerebral hemispheres based on the t1wi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 analysis 2 of
1 analysis 7 and
2 of 3 covariance
3 covariance 5 ancova
4 ( 5 ancova
5 ancova 6 )
7 and 9 analysis
7 and 14 )
7 and 15 were
8 multivariate 9 analysis
9 analysis 10 of
10 of 11 covariance
11 covariance 13 mancova
12 ( 13 mancova
13 mancova 14 )
15 were 16 performed
16 performed 17 to
16 performed 24 by
17 to 18 explore
18 explore 20 intergroup
19 the 20 intergroup
20 intergroup 22 alterations
20 intergroup 23 indexed
21 morphologic 22 alterations
22 alterations 23 indexed
24 by 34 and
25 surface 26 area
26 area 27 ,
27 , 29 index
27 , 30 ,
28 curvature 29 index
30 , 32 thickness
30 , 34 and
31 cortical 32 thickness
33 , 34 and
34 and 38 volume
35 subjacent 38 volume
36 white 38 volume
37 matter 38 volume
38 volume 39 with
39 with 41 and
40 age 41 and
41 and 42 sex
41 and 43 controlled
43 controlled 44 as
43 controlled 57 for
44 as 45 covariates
45 covariates 47 in
46 , 47 in
47 in 51 regions
47 in 56 )
48 34 51 regions
49 parcellated 51 regions
50 gyri 51 regions
51 regions 52 of
52 of 53 interest
53 interest 55 rois
54 ( 55 rois
55 rois 56 )
57 for 60 hemispheres
58 both 60 hemispheres
59 cerebral 60 hemispheres
60 hemispheres 61 based
61 based 62 on
62 on 64 t1wi
63 the 64 t1wi

statistical parameters were mapped on the anatomic images to facilitate visual inspection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mapped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 statistical 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 were
3 were 4 mapped
4 mapped 5 on
4 mapped 9 to
5 on 8 images
6 the 8 images
7 anatomic 8 images
9 to 10 facilitate
10 facilitate 12 inspection
11 visual 12 inspection

results : global rather than [region] - specific structural alterations were revealed in groups of mci and ad relative to healthy elderly using mancova . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 10 alterations
2 : 12 revealed
3 global 10 alterations
4 rather 10 alterations
5 than 7 -
5 than 10 alterations
8 specific 10 alterations
9 structural 10 alterations
10 alterations 11 were
11 were 12 revealed
12 revealed 13 in
12 revealed 20 to
13 in 17 and
14 groups 15 of
14 groups 17 and
15 of 16 mci
17 and 19 relative
18 ad 19 relative
20 to 24 mancova
21 healthy 24 mancova
22 elderly 24 mancova
23 using 24 mancova

ancova revealed that the cortical thickness decreased more prominently in entorhinal , temporal , and cingulate cortices and was positively correlated with patients ' cognitive performance in ad [group] but not in mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ancova
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 ancova 2 revealed
2 revealed 3 that
3 that 6 thickness
3 that 18 and
4 the 6 thickness
5 cortical 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 decreased
6 thickness 10 in
6 thickness 18 and
7 decreased 9 prominently
8 more 9 prominently
10 in 15 and
11 entorhinal 12 ,
12 , 13 temporal
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 cingulate
17 cortices 18 and
18 and 19 was
19 was 21 correlated
20 positively 21 correlated
21 correlated 30 but
22 with 26 performance
22 with 30 but
23 patients 24 '
24 ' 26 performance
25 cognitive 26 performance
26 performance 27 in
27 in 28 ad
30 but 31 not
30 but 32 in
32 in 33 mci

the temporal lobe features marked atrophy of white matter during the disease dynamics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 marked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 4 features
2 temporal 3 lobe
3 lobe 4 features
4 features 5 marked
5 marked 6 atrophy
5 marked 10 during
6 atrophy 7 of
7 of 9 matter
8 white 9 matter
10 during 13 dynamics
11 the 13 dynamics
12 disease 13 dynamics

significant intercorrelations were observed among the morphologic indices with univariate analysis for given rois . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intercorrelations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 significant 2 intercorrelations
2 intercorrelations 3 were
3 were 4 observed
4 observed 5 among
4 observed 9 with
5 among 8 indices
6 the 8 indices
7 morphologic 8 indices
9 with 11 analysis
10 univariate 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 for
12 for 14 rois
13 given 14 rois

conclusions : significant global structural alterations were identified in mci and [ad] based on mancova model with improved sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 significant
3 significant 6 alterations
3 significant 16 model
4 global 6 alterations
5 structural 6 alterations
6 alterations 11 and
6 alterations 16 model
7 were 8 identified
7 were 11 and
8 identified 9 in
9 in 10 mci
11 and 13 based
11 and 14 on
11 and 15 mancova
16 model 17 with
17 with 19 sensitivity
18 improved 19 sensitivity

the intercorrelation among the morphologic indices may dampen the use [of] individual morphological parameter in featuring cerebral structural alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intercorrelation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 dampen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 intercorrelation
2 intercorrelation 3 among
2 intercorrelation 7 may
3 among 6 indices
4 the 6 indices
5 morphologic 6 indices
7 may 8 dampen
8 dampen 14 parameter
8 dampen 15 in
9 the 14 parameter
10 use 14 parameter
12 individual 14 parameter
13 morphological 14 parameter
15 in 16 featuring
16 featuring 19 alterations
17 cerebral 19 alterations
18 structural 19 alterations

decrease in cortical thickness is not reflective of the cognitive performance at the early stage of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 decrease 2 in
1 decrease 5 is
2 in 4 thickness
3 cortical 4 thickness
5 is 6 not
5 is 8 of
5 is 12 at
6 not 7 reflective
8 of 11 performance
9 the 11 performance
10 cognitive 11 performance
12 at 15 stage
13 the 15 stage
14 early 15 stage
15 stage 16 of
16 of 17 ad

photoprotection of human skin by means of sunscreens or daily skin - care products is traditionally centered around the prevention of acute ( e.g [.] sunburn ) [and] chronic [(] e.g [.] skin cancer and photoaging ) skin damage that may result from exposure to ultraviolet rays ( uvb and uva ) . 
1 photoprotection 4 skin
2 of 3 human
2 of 4 skin
4 skin 5 by
4 skin 7 of
4 skin 15 is
5 by 6 means
7 of 14 products
8 sunscreens 9 or
9 or 11 skin
9 or 12 -
9 or 13 care
10 daily 11 skin
13 care 14 products
15 is 17 centered
16 traditionally 17 centered
17 centered 18 around
18 around 20 prevention
19 the 20 prevention
20 prevention 21 of
21 of 33 skin
22 acute 26 sunburn
22 acute 31 e.g
23 ( 26 sunburn
24 e.g 26 sunburn
26 sunburn 27 )
29 chronic 31 e.g
31 e.g 33 skin
33 skin 35 and
33 skin 38 skin
33 skin 43 from
34 cancer 35 and
35 and 36 photoaging
35 and 37 )
35 and 38 skin
38 skin 39 damage
39 damage 40 that
39 damage 41 may
40 that 41 may
41 may 42 result
43 from 44 exposure
44 exposure 45 to
44 exposure 50 and
45 to 47 rays
46 ultraviolet 47 rays
48 ( 50 and
49 uvb 50 and
50 and 51 uva
50 and 52 )
50 and 53 .

within the last decade , however , it has been appreciated [that] wavelengths beyond the ultraviolet spectrum , in particular visible light and infrared radiation , contribute to skin damage in general and photoaging of human skin in particular . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 wavelengths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 within 4 decade
1 within 13 wavelengths
2 the 3 last
2 the 4 decade
4 decade 8 it
4 decade 11 appreciated
5 , 6 however
6 however 7 ,
6 however 8 it
8 it 9 has
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 appreciated
13 wavelengths 14 beyond
13 wavelengths 27 contribute
14 beyond 17 spectrum
15 the 17 spectrum
16 ultraviolet 17 spectrum
17 spectrum 19 in
18 , 19 in
19 in 25 radiation
19 in 26 ,
20 particular 25 radiation
21 visible 25 radiation
22 light 23 and
23 and 24 infrared
23 and 25 radiation
27 contribute 28 to
27 contribute 39 particular
28 to 33 and
29 skin 30 damage
30 damage 32 general
30 damage 33 and
31 in 32 general
33 and 34 photoaging
33 and 35 of
35 of 37 skin
36 human 37 skin
38 in 39 particular

as a consequence , attempts have been made to develop skin care/sunscreen products that [not] only protect against uvb or uva radiation but provide photoprotection against visible light and infrared radiation as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 attempts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 as 3 consequence
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 attempts
2 a 3 consequence
5 attempts 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 made
8 made 9 to
8 made 33 well
9 to 23 but
10 develop 13 products
10 develop 23 but
11 skin 12 care/sunscreen
12 care/sunscreen 13 products
13 products 14 that
13 products 17 protect
14 that 17 protect
16 only 17 protect
17 protect 18 against
17 protect 22 radiation
18 against 20 or
19 uvb 20 or
20 or 21 uva
23 but 24 provide
24 provide 29 and
25 photoprotection 26 against
25 photoprotection 29 and
26 against 28 light
27 visible 28 light
29 and 31 radiation
30 infrared 31 radiation
32 as 33 well

in this article , we will briefly review the current knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for visible light/infrared radiation - induced skin damage [and] then , based on this information , [discuss] [strategies] that have been successfully used or may be employed in the future to achieve photoprotection of human skin beyond ultraviolet radiation [.] 
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 will
6 will 8 review
7 briefly 8 review
8 review 11 knowledge
9 the 11 knowledge
10 current 11 knowledge
11 knowledge 12 about
11 knowledge 15 responsible
12 about 14 mechanisms
13 the 14 mechanisms
15 responsible 16 for
16 for 19 radiation
17 visible 19 radiation
18 light/infrared 19 radiation
19 radiation 23 damage
19 radiation 27 based
20 - 23 damage
21 induced 22 skin
22 skin 23 damage
23 damage 25 then
23 damage 26 ,
26 , 27 based
27 based 28 on
28 on 30 information
29 this 30 information
30 information 34 that
30 information 39 or
31 , 34 that
34 that 39 or
35 have 36 been
35 have 39 or
36 been 37 successfully
36 been 38 used
39 or 40 may
40 may 41 be
41 be 42 employed
42 employed 43 in
42 employed 46 to
42 employed 47 achieve
43 in 45 future
44 the 45 future
46 to 47 achieve
47 achieve 48 photoprotection
48 photoprotection 49 of
48 photoprotection 52 beyond
49 of 51 skin
50 human 51 skin
52 beyond 54 radiation
53 ultraviolet 54 radiation

in this regard we will particularly focus on the use of topical antioxidants and the challenges that result from the task of showing their efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 regard
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 regard
4 we 5 will
5 will 7 focus
6 particularly 7 focus
7 focus 8 on
8 on 10 use
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 topical 13 antioxidants
13 antioxidants 14 and
14 and 16 challenges
14 and 17 that
14 and 18 result
15 the 16 challenges
17 that 18 result
18 result 19 from
19 from 21 task
20 the 21 task
21 task 22 of
22 of 23 showing
23 showing 25 efficacy
24 their 25 efficacy

treatment for hodgkin lymphoma ( hl ) is more aggressive in germany than in the united states ( us ) and differences in treatment may lead to differences in population level survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 treatment 2 for
1 treatment 8 is
2 for 4 lymphoma
3 hodgkin 4 lymphoma
4 lymphoma 6 hl
5 ( 6 hl
6 hl 7 )
8 is 9 more
8 is 10 aggressive
10 aggressive 11 in
10 aggressive 13 than
11 in 12 germany
13 than 14 in
14 in 16 united
15 the 16 united
16 united 21 and
16 united 26 lead
17 states 19 us
17 states 21 and
18 ( 19 us
19 us 20 )
21 and 22 differences
21 and 23 in
21 and 25 may
23 in 24 treatment
25 may 26 lead
26 lead 27 to
26 lead 29 in
27 to 28 differences
29 in 32 survival
30 population 31 level
31 level 32 survival

patients diagnosed with hl in 11 german states in 1997 - 2006 were included in the analyses and were compared to similar analyses from patients in the surveillance , epidemiology , and end results database in the us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 patients 2 diagnosed
1 patients 5 in
1 patients 9 in
1 patients 32 and
2 diagnosed 3 with
3 with 4 hl
5 in 8 states
6 11 8 states
7 german 8 states
9 in 10 1997
10 1997 12 2006
11 - 12 2006
12 2006 18 and
12 2006 31 ,
13 were 14 included
13 were 18 and
14 included 15 in
15 in 17 analyses
16 the 17 analyses
18 and 19 were
18 and 26 in
18 and 28 surveillance
19 were 20 compared
20 compared 21 to
21 to 23 analyses
22 similar 23 analyses
23 analyses 24 from
24 from 25 patients
27 the 28 surveillance
28 surveillance 30 epidemiology
29 , 30 epidemiology
30 epidemiology 31 ,
32 and 35 database
32 and 36 in
33 end 35 database
34 results 35 database
36 in 38 us
37 the 38 us

period analysis was used to calculate 5 - year relative survival for the time period of 2002 - 2006 [overall] and by gender , age and histology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
1 period 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 calculate
5 to 6 calculate
6 calculate 7 5
7 5 11 survival
8 - 11 survival
9 year 11 survival
10 relative 11 survival
11 survival 21 and
11 survival 26 and
11 survival 28 .
12 for 15 period
12 for 21 and
13 the 15 period
14 time 15 period
15 period 16 of
16 of 18 -
17 2002 18 -
18 - 19 2006
21 and 22 by
22 by 23 gender
24 , 26 and
25 age 26 and
26 and 27 histology
26 and 28 .

overall 5 - year relative survival for patients with hl in germany [was] 84·3 % , compared to 80·6 % for the us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 overall 2 5
1 overall 6 survival
1 overall 17 compared
3 - 6 survival
4 year 6 survival
5 relative 6 survival
6 survival 7 for
6 survival 16 ,
7 for 8 patients
8 patients 9 with
9 with 10 hl
10 hl 11 in
11 in 15 %
12 germany 14 84·3
14 84·3 15 %
17 compared 18 to
17 compared 21 for
18 to 20 %
19 80·6 20 %
21 for 23 us
22 the 23 us

survival was [highest] in patients aged 15 - 29 years at 97·9 % and decreased with age to 57·5 % at age 60 [+] survival for men and women , respectively , was 84·7 [%] and 84·1 [%] in germany and 78·2 [%] and 83·6 [%] in the us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 survival 2 was
2 was 4 in
2 was 14 and
4 in 5 patients
6 aged 10 years
6 aged 11 at
6 aged 14 and
7 15 8 -
8 - 9 29
8 - 10 years
11 at 13 %
12 97·9 13 %
14 and 15 decreased
14 and 16 with
16 with 17 age
16 with 23 60
17 age 18 to
17 age 21 at
18 to 20 %
19 57·5 20 %
21 at 22 age
23 60 25 survival
23 60 33 was
25 survival 26 for
25 survival 33 was
26 for 28 and
27 men 28 and
28 and 29 women
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 ,
31 respectively 33 was
33 was 36 and
33 was 39 in
34 84·7 36 and
36 and 37 84·1
39 in 44 and
40 germany 41 and
41 and 42 78·2
41 and 44 and
44 and 45 83·6
44 and 50 .
45 83·6 47 in
47 in 49 us
48 the 49 us

survival of hl patients in the us was lower than in germany overall , but was comparable in older patients and in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 survival 2 of
1 survival 15 but
2 of 4 patients
3 hl 4 patients
4 patients 5 in
5 in 7 us
6 the 7 us
8 was 9 lower
8 was 15 but
9 lower 10 than
9 lower 13 overall
10 than 11 in
11 in 12 germany
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 was
16 was 17 comparable
17 comparable 21 and
18 in 20 patients
18 in 21 and
19 older 20 patients
21 and 22 in
22 in 23 women

population - based studies with [longer] [follow] - up are still needed to examine effects of late toxicity on long term survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 population 2 -
1 population 4 studies
3 based 4 studies
4 studies 5 with
4 studies 10 are
5 with 9 up
8 - 9 up
10 are 12 needed
11 still 12 needed
12 needed 13 to
13 to 14 examine
14 examine 15 effects
14 examine 19 on
15 effects 16 of
16 of 18 toxicity
17 late 18 toxicity
19 on 22 survival
20 long 21 term
21 term 22 survival

part two of this review series evaluates the use of lasers and laser - like devices in dermatology based on published evidence and the collective experience of the senior authors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 part 2 two
1 part 3 of
1 part 7 evaluates
3 of 6 series
4 this 6 series
5 review 6 series
7 evaluates 12 and
7 evaluates 15 like
8 the 9 use
9 use 10 of
9 use 12 and
10 of 11 lasers
12 and 13 laser
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 like
15 like 16 devices
15 like 17 in
15 like 20 on
17 in 18 dermatology
18 dermatology 19 based
20 on 23 and
21 published 22 evidence
22 evidence 23 and
23 and 26 experience
24 the 26 experience
25 collective 26 experience
26 experience 27 of
27 of 30 authors
28 the 30 authors
29 senior 30 authors

dermatologists can laser - treat a wide range of dermatoses , including vascular , pigmentary , textural , benign proliferative and premalignant conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 laser
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 dermatologists 3 laser
2 can 3 laser
4 - 5 treat
5 treat 8 range
6 a 7 wide
6 a 8 range
7 wide 8 range
8 range 9 of
9 of 10 dermatoses
10 dermatoses 12 including
11 , 12 including
12 including 15 pigmentary
12 including 24 .
13 vascular 14 ,
13 vascular 15 pigmentary
15 pigmentary 23 conditions
16 , 23 conditions
17 textural 18 ,
17 textural 23 conditions
19 benign 23 conditions
20 proliferative 21 and
21 and 22 premalignant
21 and 23 conditions
23 conditions 24 .

some of these conditions include vascular malformation , haemangioma , facial telangiectases , café - au - lait macules , naevi of ota , lentigines , acne scarring , rhytides , rhinophyma and miscellaneous skin lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 lait
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 some 2 of
1 some 5 include
2 of 4 conditions
3 these 4 conditions
5 include 7 malformation
6 vascular 7 malformation
8 , 14 café
8 , 15 -
9 haemangioma 12 telangiectases
9 haemangioma 14 café
10 , 12 telangiectases
11 facial 12 telangiectases
12 telangiectases 13 ,
15 - 16 au
15 - 17 -
17 - 18 lait
18 lait 33 and
19 macules 20 ,
20 , 21 naevi
20 , 24 ,
21 naevi 22 of
22 of 23 ota
24 , 25 lentigines
24 , 26 ,
26 , 28 scarring
26 , 29 ,
27 acne 28 scarring
29 , 30 rhytides
29 , 31 ,
31 , 32 rhinophyma
31 , 33 and
33 and 36 lesions
34 miscellaneous 35 skin
35 skin 36 lesions

photodynamic therapy with lasers and [intense] pulsed light is addressed , with particular reference to actinic keratosis and actinic cheilitis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 addressed
1 photodynamic 2 therapy
2 therapy 3 with
2 therapy 9 is
3 with 5 and
4 lasers 5 and
5 and 7 pulsed
7 pulsed 8 light
9 is 10 addressed
10 addressed 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 reference
12 with 15 to
12 with 21 .
13 particular 14 reference
15 to 18 and
16 actinic 17 keratosis
17 keratosis 18 and
18 and 20 cheilitis
18 and 21 .
19 actinic 20 cheilitis

a treatment algorithm for acne scarring based on scar morphology and severity is comprehensively outlined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 outlined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 2 treatment
1 a 3 algorithm
2 treatment 3 algorithm
3 algorithm 4 for
3 algorithm 7 based
3 algorithm 13 is
4 for 6 scarring
5 acne 6 scarring
7 based 8 on
8 on 11 and
9 scar 10 morphology
10 morphology 11 and
11 and 12 severity
13 is 14 comprehensively
13 is 15 outlined

following from part one , the various devices are matched to the corresponding dermatological conditions with representative pictorial case vignettes illustrating likely clinical outcomes as well as limitations and potential complications of the various laser and light therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 devices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 following 2 from
1 following 5 ,
1 following 8 devices
2 from 3 part
3 part 4 one
6 the 8 devices
7 various 8 devices
8 devices 9 are
9 are 10 matched
10 matched 11 to
10 matched 16 with
10 matched 27 as
11 to 15 conditions
12 the 15 conditions
13 corresponding 15 conditions
14 dermatological 15 conditions
16 with 20 vignettes
16 with 21 illustrating
17 representative 19 case
18 pictorial 19 case
19 case 20 vignettes
21 illustrating 24 outcomes
22 likely 24 outcomes
23 clinical 24 outcomes
25 as 26 well
26 well 27 as
27 as 29 and
28 limitations 29 and
29 and 31 complications
29 and 32 of
30 potential 31 complications
32 of 36 and
33 the 35 laser
34 various 35 laser
35 laser 36 and
36 and 38 therapies
37 light 38 therapies

aim : this study investigated the effects of ageing on the excitability of soleus homonymous ia afferents and corticospinal pathways during bipedal upright standing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 investigated
2 : 25 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 effects
5 investigated 10 on
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 9 ageing
10 on 18 and
11 the 12 excitability
12 excitability 13 of
12 excitability 18 and
13 of 14 soleus
14 soleus 16 ia
14 soleus 17 afferents
15 homonymous 16 ia
16 ia 17 afferents
18 and 20 pathways
19 corticospinal 20 pathways
20 pathways 21 during
21 during 24 standing
22 bipedal 24 standing
23 upright 24 standing

methods : the input - output relations for the hoffmann [(] h [ )(reflex and motor - evoked potential ( mep ) were computed for the soleus in response to electrical nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation , respectively [,] [in] young ( n = 16 ) and elderly ( n = 16 ) [adults] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 input
3 the 4 input
5 - 15 and
6 output 7 relations
7 relations 8 for
7 relations 15 and
8 for 14 )(reflex
9 the 14 )(reflex
10 hoffmann 12 h
10 hoffmann 14 )(reflex
15 and 16 motor
15 and 17 -
15 and 19 potential
15 and 23 were
15 and 24 computed
15 and 25 for
18 evoked 19 potential
19 potential 21 mep
19 potential 23 were
20 ( 21 mep
21 mep 22 )
25 for 37 stimulation
26 the 27 soleus
27 soleus 29 response
27 soleus 30 to
27 soleus 34 and
28 in 29 response
30 to 33 stimulation
31 electrical 33 stimulation
32 nerve 33 stimulation
34 and 35 transcranial
34 and 37 stimulation
36 magnetic 37 stimulation
37 stimulation 48 and
38 , 39 respectively
38 , 48 and
42 young 45 =
42 young 48 and
43 ( 45 =
44 n 45 =
45 = 46 16
45 = 47 )
48 and 49 elderly
48 and 56 .
49 elderly 52 =
50 ( 52 =
51 n 52 =
52 = 53 16
52 = 54 )

in subsets of subjects , the input - output relations were compared between normal and supported upright standing , and corticomotoneuronal excitability was assessed during upright standing with [an] h - reflex conditioning method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 relations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
1 in 2 subsets
1 in 10 relations
2 subsets 3 of
2 subsets 7 input
3 of 4 subjects
5 , 7 input
6 the 7 input
7 input 8 -
9 output 10 relations
10 relations 11 were
11 were 12 compared
12 compared 13 between
13 between 15 and
14 normal 15 and
15 and 17 upright
15 and 18 standing
16 supported 17 upright
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 excitability
20 and 24 assessed
21 corticomotoneuronal 22 excitability
22 excitability 23 was
23 was 24 assessed
24 assessed 25 during
25 during 27 standing
26 upright 27 standing
27 standing 28 with
27 standing 34 method
28 with 30 h
31 - 34 method
32 reflex 34 method
33 conditioning 34 method
34 method 35 .

for [the] h - reflex and mep threshold , maximal amplitude ( hmax , mepmax ) and the slope of the input - output relation ( hslope , mepslope ) were measured and normalized to the corresponding m - wave value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 -
1 for 3 h
1 for 4 -
1 for 17 and
5 reflex 6 and
6 and 8 threshold
6 and 11 amplitude
6 and 15 mepmax
6 and 17 and
7 mep 8 threshold
9 , 11 amplitude
10 maximal 11 amplitude
11 amplitude 13 hmax
11 amplitude 14 ,
12 ( 13 hmax
13 hmax 14 ,
14 , 15 mepmax
15 mepmax 16 )
17 and 19 slope
17 and 20 of
17 and 33 and
18 the 19 slope
20 of 22 input
21 the 22 input
22 input 25 relation
22 input 29 mepslope
23 - 25 relation
24 output 25 relation
25 relation 27 hslope
25 relation 28 ,
26 ( 27 hslope
27 hslope 28 ,
28 , 29 mepslope
29 mepslope 30 )
31 were 32 measured
31 were 33 and
33 and 34 normalized
33 and 35 to
33 and 38 m
35 to 37 corresponding
36 the 37 corresponding
39 - 41 value
39 - 42 .
40 wave 41 value

the hslope /mslope and mepslope /mslope decreased and increased , respectively , from supported to normal standing for both age groups but more so in elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 /mslope
2 hslope 3 /mslope
3 /mslope 4 and
4 and 5 mepslope
4 and 6 /mslope
4 and 13 from
4 and 14 supported
4 and 17 standing
4 and 20 age
6 /mslope 8 and
7 decreased 8 and
8 and 9 increased
8 and 11 respectively
8 and 13 from
10 , 11 respectively
11 respectively 12 ,
14 supported 16 normal
15 to 16 normal
17 standing 18 for
18 for 19 both
20 age 22 but
20 age 24 so
20 age 25 in
21 groups 22 but
22 but 23 more
25 in 27 adults
26 elderly 27 adults

furthermore , the conditioned [h] reflex was greater ( p < 0.05 ) in elderly [ 175.1 ( 34.3 [ )(% ] than [in] young adults [ 141.8 ( 29.8 [ )(% ] during normal standing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reflex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 reflex
3 the 6 reflex
4 conditioned 6 reflex
6 reflex 7 was
7 was 8 greater
8 greater 11 <
8 greater 14 in
8 greater 34 during
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.05
11 < 13 )
14 in 26 adults
15 elderly 17 175.1
15 elderly 26 adults
16 [ 17 175.1
17 175.1 21 )(%
17 175.1 22 ]
18 ( 21 )(%
19 34.3 21 )(%
21 )(% 22 ]
23 than 25 young
25 young 26 adults
26 adults 28 141.8
27 [ 28 141.8
28 141.8 32 )(%
28 141.8 33 ]
29 ( 32 )(%
30 29.8 32 )(%
32 )(% 33 ]
34 during 36 standing
35 normal 36 standing

conclusion : this is the first study that clearly indicates lower efficacy of ia afferents to discharge spinal motor neurones accompanied by greater corticospinal excitability in elderly adults , suggesting an increased contribution of the descending drive in controlling soleus activity during upright standing with ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
3 this 4 is
4 is 7 study
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 study
7 study 8 that
7 study 21 accompanied
8 that 10 indicates
9 clearly 10 indicates
10 indicates 12 efficacy
10 indicates 21 accompanied
11 lower 12 efficacy
12 efficacy 13 of
12 efficacy 15 afferents
13 of 14 ia
15 afferents 16 to
16 to 17 discharge
18 spinal 19 motor
19 motor 20 neurones
20 neurones 21 accompanied
21 accompanied 22 by
21 accompanied 26 in
21 accompanied 30 suggesting
22 by 25 excitability
23 greater 25 excitability
24 corticospinal 25 excitability
26 in 28 adults
27 elderly 28 adults
29 , 30 suggesting
30 suggesting 33 contribution
30 suggesting 38 in
30 suggesting 45 with
30 suggesting 47 .
31 an 33 contribution
32 increased 33 contribution
33 contribution 34 of
34 of 37 drive
35 the 37 drive
36 descending 37 drive
38 in 39 controlling
39 controlling 41 activity
40 soleus 41 activity
41 activity 42 during
42 during 44 standing
43 upright 44 standing
45 with 46 ageing

design : prospective , double - blind , randomized and controlled , four - arm parallel design trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 prospective
4 , 5 double
4 , 6 -
6 - 7 blind
6 - 8 ,
6 - 14 -
8 , 10 and
8 , 12 ,
9 randomized 10 and
10 and 11 controlled
12 , 13 four
14 - 18 trial
15 arm 18 trial
16 parallel 18 trial
17 design 18 trial

subjects : one hundred and four patients ( 84 women , 20 men , mean age 42.2 ± 13.3 years ) , with deep somatic hyperalgesia in one thigh , randomly assigned to one of 4 groups of 26 each . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 subjects 2 :
2 : 7 patients
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 four
6 four 7 patients
7 patients 10 women
7 patients 13 men
8 ( 10 women
9 84 10 women
10 women 11 ,
11 , 13 men
12 20 13 men
13 men 20 years
13 men 23 with
13 men 41 .
14 , 20 years
15 mean 18 ±
16 age 18 ±
17 42.2 18 ±
18 ± 20 years
19 13.3 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 , 23 with
23 with 26 hyperalgesia
23 with 41 .
24 deep 26 hyperalgesia
25 somatic 26 hyperalgesia
26 hyperalgesia 27 in
26 hyperalgesia 32 assigned
27 in 29 thigh
28 one 29 thigh
30 , 32 assigned
31 randomly 32 assigned
32 assigned 33 to
32 assigned 40 each
32 assigned 41 .
33 to 34 one
34 one 35 of
34 one 38 of
35 of 37 groups
36 4 37 groups
38 of 39 26

intervention : each group underwent one of the following plaster treatments on one thigh : diclofenac+heparin ; diclofenac ; heparin ; placebo , for 7 days , [renewing] [the] plaster every 24 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 group
2 : 5 underwent
2 : 15 :
3 each 4 group
4 group 5 underwent
5 underwent 6 one
6 one 7 of
7 of 11 treatments
8 the 9 following
8 the 11 treatments
10 plaster 11 treatments
11 treatments 12 on
12 on 14 thigh
13 one 14 thigh
15 : 16 diclofenac+heparin
15 : 17 ;
15 : 34 .
17 ; 18 diclofenac
17 ; 19 ;
19 ; 20 heparin
19 ; 21 ;
21 ; 22 placebo
21 ; 23 ,
23 , 30 plaster
24 for 26 days
24 for 27 ,
24 for 30 plaster
25 7 26 days
30 plaster 33 hours
31 every 32 24
32 24 33 hours

outcome measures : before treatment ( day 1 ) [,] at day 4 and day 8 , assessment of [(] a [ )(pressure and electrical pain thresholds of vastus lateralis and overlying subcutis and skin [;] [and] ( [b] [ )(structure/thickness of subcutis and muscle with ultrasounds at the same level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 outcome 2 measures
2 measures 3 :
3 : 4 before
3 : 11 at
4 before 5 treatment
5 treatment 7 day
6 ( 7 day
7 day 8 1
7 day 9 )
11 at 14 and
12 day 13 4
12 day 14 and
14 and 15 day
14 and 17 ,
14 and 24 and
14 and 26 pain
15 day 16 8
18 assessment 19 of
18 assessment 24 and
19 of 23 )(pressure
21 a 23 )(pressure
24 and 25 electrical
24 and 26 pain
26 pain 34 and
27 thresholds 28 of
27 thresholds 31 and
28 of 30 lateralis
29 vastus 30 lateralis
31 and 33 subcutis
31 and 34 and
32 overlying 33 subcutis
34 and 35 skin
34 and 44 and
38 ( 44 and
41 )(structure/thickness 42 of
41 )(structure/thickness 44 and
42 of 43 subcutis
44 and 45 muscle
44 and 52 .
45 muscle 46 with
46 with 47 ultrasounds
47 ultrasounds 48 at
48 at 51 level
49 the 50 same
49 the 51 level

results : during treatment [,] in placebo and heparin , no significant threshold changes , except subcutis thresholds which increased slightly ( p < 0.02 ) [;] in diclofenac and diclofenac+heparin , significant increase in all thresholds ( 0.0001 < p < 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 4 treatment
4 treatment 6 in
4 treatment 16 except
6 in 8 and
7 placebo 8 and
8 and 9 heparin
8 and 14 changes
10 , 14 changes
11 no 14 changes
12 significant 13 threshold
13 threshold 14 changes
14 changes 15 ,
16 except 18 thresholds
17 subcutis 18 thresholds
18 thresholds 19 which
18 thresholds 20 increased
19 which 20 increased
20 increased 21 slightly
20 increased 24 <
20 increased 28 in
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.02
24 < 26 )
28 in 30 and
29 diclofenac 30 and
30 and 31 diclofenac+heparin
30 and 34 increase
32 , 34 increase
33 significant 34 increase
34 increase 35 in
34 increase 40 <
34 increase 42 <
34 increase 45 .
35 in 37 thresholds
36 all 37 thresholds
38 ( 40 <
39 0.0001 40 <
40 < 42 <
41 p 42 <
42 < 43 0.04
42 < 44 )

electrical muscle pain thresholds increased significantly more in diclofenac+heparin than in diclofenac , heparin , and placebo ( 0.0001 < p < 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 electrical 2 muscle
2 muscle 3 pain
3 pain 4 thresholds
4 thresholds 5 increased
4 thresholds 16 and
5 increased 7 more
5 increased 8 in
5 increased 10 than
6 significantly 7 more
8 in 9 diclofenac+heparin
10 than 11 in
11 in 14 heparin
12 diclofenac 13 ,
12 diclofenac 14 heparin
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 placebo
16 and 20 <
16 and 22 <
18 ( 20 <
19 0.0001 20 <
20 < 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.04
22 < 24 )

in all groups : no edema and thickness changes at ultrasounds in muscle and subcutis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 in 3 groups
2 all 3 groups
4 : 7 and
4 : 16 .
5 no 6 edema
6 edema 7 and
7 and 9 changes
7 and 10 at
8 thickness 9 changes
10 at 11 ultrasounds
11 ultrasounds 12 in
12 in 14 and
13 muscle 14 and
14 and 15 subcutis

conclusions : topical diclofenac+heparin is significantly more effective than diclofenac alone in reducing muscle hyperalgesia in subjects without spontaneous pain , independently of the anti - edematous action of heparin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reducing
2 : 3 topical
3 topical 4 diclofenac+heparin
3 topical 13 reducing
4 diclofenac+heparin 5 is
5 is 8 effective
6 significantly 7 more
7 more 8 effective
8 effective 9 than
8 effective 11 alone
8 effective 12 in
9 than 10 diclofenac
12 in 13 reducing
13 reducing 14 muscle
14 muscle 15 hyperalgesia
15 hyperalgesia 16 in
15 hyperalgesia 18 without
15 hyperalgesia 22 independently
16 in 17 subjects
18 without 20 pain
19 spontaneous 20 pain
21 , 22 independently
22 independently 23 of
22 independently 31 .
23 of 28 action
24 the 28 action
25 anti 26 -
25 anti 28 action
27 edematous 28 action
28 action 29 of
29 of 30 heparin

the results provide a rationale for the use of diclofenac+heparin also in algogenic conditions without evident signs of injury/edema/hematoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 5 rationale
3 provide 11 also
3 provide 12 in
3 provide 15 without
4 a 5 rationale
5 rationale 6 for
6 for 8 use
7 the 8 use
8 use 9 of
9 of 10 diclofenac+heparin
12 in 14 conditions
13 algogenic 14 conditions
15 without 17 signs
16 evident 17 signs
17 signs 18 of
18 of 19 injury/edema/hematoma

background : cerebral white matter hyperdensities ( wmh ) are frequently reported on brain magnetic resonance images ( mri ) of elderly people ; its significance is still under debate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 5 matter
3 cerebral 5 matter
4 white 5 matter
5 matter 6 hyperdensities
5 matter 10 are
5 matter 12 reported
5 matter 21 of
6 hyperdensities 8 wmh
6 hyperdensities 10 are
7 ( 8 wmh
8 wmh 9 )
11 frequently 12 reported
12 reported 13 on
13 on 17 images
14 brain 17 images
15 magnetic 16 resonance
16 resonance 17 images
17 images 19 mri
18 ( 19 mri
19 mri 20 )
21 of 23 people
22 elderly 23 people
24 ; 26 significance
24 ; 27 is
25 its 26 significance
26 significance 27 is
27 is 28 still
27 is 29 under
29 under 30 debate

methods : wmh [subtypes] may correlate with vascular risk factors , such as aging , hypertension ( [htn] [ )(and diabetes mellitus ( dm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 wmh
2 : 6 correlate
2 : 26 .
3 wmh 5 may
5 may 6 correlate
6 correlate 7 with
6 correlate 13 as
7 with 9 risk
7 with 10 factors
8 vascular 9 risk
11 , 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 20 )(and
13 as 25 )
14 aging 15 ,
15 , 16 hypertension
15 , 20 )(and
17 ( 20 )(and
20 )(and 22 mellitus
20 )(and 24 dm
21 diabetes 22 mellitus
23 ( 24 dm
24 dm 25 )

the suggested hypothesis was to find if any of the periventricular wmh ( pvwmh ) or the deep wmh ( dwmh ) would be significantly more correlated with the [above] vascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 hypothesis
2 suggested 3 hypothesis
3 hypothesis 4 was
4 was 5 to
4 was 6 find
5 to 6 find
6 find 7 if
6 find 26 more
6 find 27 correlated
7 if 8 any
7 if 24 be
8 any 9 of
8 any 21 dwmh
8 any 23 would
9 of 16 or
10 the 14 pvwmh
11 periventricular 14 pvwmh
12 wmh 14 pvwmh
13 ( 14 pvwmh
14 pvwmh 15 )
14 pvwmh 16 or
16 or 19 wmh
17 the 19 wmh
18 deep 19 wmh
20 ( 21 dwmh
21 dwmh 22 )
23 would 24 be
25 significantly 26 more
26 more 27 correlated
27 correlated 28 with
28 with 33 factors
29 the 33 factors
31 vascular 33 factors
32 risk 33 factors

according to the fazekas semiquantitative rating scale , we classified wmh into four [subtypes] : [(] 1 [ )(absence of wmh [,] ( 2 [ )(presence of dwml , ( 3 ) presence of pvwmh [,] ( 4 ) presence of both dwml and pvwml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 classified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 7 scale
2 to 8 ,
2 to 9 we
3 the 7 scale
4 fazekas 7 scale
5 semiquantitative 6 rating
6 rating 7 scale
9 we 10 classified
10 classified 11 wmh
10 classified 12 into
12 into 13 four
15 : 19 )(absence
17 1 19 )(absence
19 )(absence 20 of
20 of 33 presence
21 wmh 26 )(presence
21 wmh 31 3
21 wmh 33 presence
23 ( 26 )(presence
24 2 26 )(presence
26 )(presence 27 of
26 )(presence 29 ,
27 of 28 dwml
30 ( 31 3
31 3 32 )
33 presence 34 of
34 of 44 and
35 pvwmh 38 4
35 pvwmh 40 presence
37 ( 38 4
38 4 39 )
40 presence 41 of
40 presence 44 and
41 of 43 dwml
42 both 43 dwml
44 and 45 pvwml

the study was performed on 257 lebanese inpatients aged 40 years [and] above who underwent a brain mri , regardless of their underlying pathology and who were admitted to an internal medicine department in beirut . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 on
5 on 8 inpatients
6 257 8 inpatients
7 lebanese 8 inpatients
8 inpatients 9 aged
8 inpatients 14 who
8 inpatients 15 underwent
9 aged 13 above
10 40 11 years
11 years 13 above
14 who 15 underwent
15 underwent 18 mri
16 a 18 mri
17 brain 18 mri
19 , 25 and
19 , 28 admitted
20 regardless 21 of
21 of 23 underlying
21 of 25 and
22 their 23 underlying
24 pathology 25 and
25 and 26 who
25 and 27 were
27 were 28 admitted
28 admitted 29 to
28 admitted 34 in
29 to 33 department
30 an 33 department
31 internal 32 medicine
32 medicine 33 department
34 in 35 beirut

the study patients were categorized into five subgroups by age intervals of 10 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 patients
2 study 3 patients
3 patients 4 were
4 were 5 categorized
5 categorized 6 into
5 categorized 9 by
6 into 8 subgroups
7 five 8 subgroups
9 by 11 intervals
10 age 11 intervals
11 intervals 12 of
12 of 14 years
13 10 14 years

results : mean age was 62 ; 54.1 % were females ; wmh were observed in 59.5 % of study population ; we found a linear correlation with wmh and aging with a clear shift for patients over age 60 , reaching 84 % in patients subgroup of 70 - 79 - year [-] old and 94 % patients subgroup over 80 - year [-] old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 age
2 : 7 ;
3 mean 4 age
4 age 5 was
5 was 6 62
7 ; 9 %
7 ; 10 were
7 ; 12 ;
8 54.1 9 %
9 % 10 were
10 were 11 females
12 ; 13 wmh
12 ; 15 observed
12 ; 22 ;
13 wmh 14 were
14 were 15 observed
15 observed 16 in
16 in 18 %
17 59.5 18 %
18 % 19 of
19 of 21 population
20 study 21 population
22 ; 23 we
22 ; 24 found
23 we 24 found
24 found 27 correlation
24 found 28 with
25 a 27 correlation
26 linear 27 correlation
28 with 30 and
29 wmh 30 and
30 and 31 aging
30 and 41 ,
30 and 42 reaching
31 aging 32 with
32 with 35 shift
33 a 34 clear
33 a 35 shift
34 clear 35 shift
35 shift 36 for
36 for 37 patients
37 patients 38 over
38 over 39 age
39 age 40 60
42 reaching 47 subgroup
43 84 45 in
44 % 45 in
45 in 47 subgroup
46 patients 47 subgroup
47 subgroup 48 of
48 of 50 -
49 70 50 -
50 - 51 79
50 - 56 and
52 - 56 and
53 year 55 old
55 old 56 and
56 and 60 subgroup
56 and 61 over
56 and 67 .
57 94 60 subgroup
58 % 59 patients
59 patients 60 subgroup
61 over 62 80
62 80 66 old
63 - 66 old
64 year 66 old
66 old 67 .

pvwmh [was] found significantly more frequently and [in] linear correlation with aging and htn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 pvwmh 3 found
1 pvwmh 7 and
3 found 4 significantly
3 found 6 frequently
5 more 6 frequently
7 and 10 correlation
7 and 11 with
7 and 13 and
9 linear 10 correlation
11 with 12 aging
13 and 14 htn

wmh were also found more frequently among the dm individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 wmh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 wmh 2 were
2 were 4 found
3 also 4 found
4 found 6 frequently
4 found 7 among
5 more 6 frequently
7 among 10 individuals
8 the 10 individuals
9 dm 10 individuals

foxn1 [gene] belongs to the forkhead box gene family that comprises a diverse group of " winged - helix " transcription factors that have been implicated in a variety of biochemical and cellular processes , such as development , metabolism , aging and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 foxn1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 belongs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 foxn1 3 belongs
3 belongs 4 to
4 to 9 family
5 the 9 family
6 forkhead 9 family
7 box 9 family
8 gene 9 family
9 family 10 that
9 family 11 comprises
10 that 11 comprises
11 comprises 22 factors
11 comprises 27 in
12 a 13 diverse
12 a 14 group
13 diverse 14 group
14 group 15 of
14 group 22 factors
15 of 16 "
15 of 22 factors
17 winged 18 -
17 winged 19 helix
19 helix 20 "
19 helix 21 transcription
21 transcription 22 factors
22 factors 23 that
22 factors 24 have
23 that 24 have
24 have 25 been
25 been 26 implicated
27 in 29 variety
28 a 29 variety
29 variety 30 of
30 of 43 and
31 biochemical 32 and
32 and 34 processes
32 and 35 ,
32 and 37 as
32 and 42 aging
32 and 43 and
33 cellular 34 processes
36 such 37 as
37 as 38 development
38 development 40 metabolism
39 , 40 metabolism
40 metabolism 41 ,
43 and 44 cancer

these transcription factors share the common property of being developmentally regulated and of directing tissue - specific transcription and cell - fate decisions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 share
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 3 factors
2 transcription 3 factors
3 factors 4 share
4 share 7 property
5 the 7 property
6 common 7 property
7 property 8 of
8 of 9 being
9 being 11 regulated
10 developmentally 11 regulated
12 and 19 and
12 and 22 fate
13 of 14 directing
13 of 16 -
13 of 19 and
14 directing 15 tissue
17 specific 18 transcription
18 transcription 19 and
19 and 20 cell
19 and 21 -
19 and 22 fate
22 fate 23 decisions

foxn1 is selectively expressed in thymic and skin epithelial cells , where it acts through its molecular targets to regulate the balance between growth and differentiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 foxn1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 foxn1 2 is
2 is 3 selectively
2 is 4 expressed
4 expressed 5 in
4 expressed 12 where
5 in 7 and
6 thymic 7 and
7 and 10 cells
7 and 11 ,
8 skin 10 cells
9 epithelial 10 cells
12 where 13 it
12 where 14 acts
13 it 14 acts
14 acts 15 through
14 acts 19 to
14 acts 23 between
15 through 18 targets
16 its 18 targets
17 molecular 18 targets
19 to 20 regulate
20 regulate 22 balance
21 the 22 balance
23 between 25 and
24 growth 25 and
25 and 26 differentiation

in particular , foxn1 is required for thymic epithelial patterning and differentiation from the initial epithelial thymic anlage to a functional cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells ( tecs ) meshwork necessary for the crosstalk with the lymphoid compartment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 foxn1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 foxn1
4 foxn1 5 is
5 is 6 required
6 required 7 for
6 required 13 from
7 for 11 and
8 thymic 10 patterning
9 epithelial 10 patterning
10 patterning 11 and
11 and 12 differentiation
13 from 18 anlage
14 the 18 anlage
15 initial 18 anlage
16 epithelial 18 anlage
17 thymic 18 anlage
18 anlage 19 to
19 to 31 meshwork
20 a 31 meshwork
21 functional 31 meshwork
22 cortical 23 and
23 and 27 cells
23 and 29 tecs
23 and 31 meshwork
24 medullary 27 cells
25 thymic 27 cells
26 epithelial 27 cells
28 ( 29 tecs
29 tecs 30 )
31 meshwork 32 necessary
32 necessary 33 for
32 necessary 36 with
33 for 35 crosstalk
34 the 35 crosstalk
36 with 39 compartment
37 the 39 compartment
38 lymphoid 39 compartment

a mutation in foxn1 generates alymphoid cystic thymic dysgenesis due to defective tecs , causing primary t - cell immunodeficiency , named nude/scid syndrome , and leads to a hairless " nude " phenotype in both mice and humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 generates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 a 2 mutation
2 mutation 3 in
2 mutation 5 generates
3 in 4 foxn1
5 generates 9 dysgenesis
5 generates 15 causing
6 alymphoid 9 dysgenesis
7 cystic 9 dysgenesis
8 thymic 9 dysgenesis
9 dysgenesis 11 to
10 due 11 to
11 to 13 tecs
12 defective 13 tecs
14 , 15 causing
15 causing 16 primary
15 causing 18 -
16 primary 17 t
18 - 26 and
19 cell 20 immunodeficiency
20 immunodeficiency 21 ,
21 , 24 syndrome
21 , 26 and
22 named 24 syndrome
23 nude/scid 24 syndrome
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 leads
26 and 28 to
28 to 38 and
29 a 34 phenotype
30 hairless 31 "
30 hairless 32 nude
32 nude 33 "
32 nude 34 phenotype
34 phenotype 35 in
34 phenotype 38 and
35 in 37 mice
36 both 37 mice
38 and 39 humans

this immune defect represents the first example of a severe combined immunodeficiencies ( scid ) phenotype [not] primarily related to an abnormality [intrinsic] of the hematopoietic cell , but rather to a peculiar alteration of the thymic epithelia cell . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 this 3 defect
2 immune 3 defect
3 defect 4 represents
4 represents 7 example
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 example
7 example 8 of
8 of 10 severe
9 a 10 severe
11 combined 12 immunodeficiencies
11 combined 16 phenotype
11 combined 19 related
12 immunodeficiencies 14 scid
12 immunodeficiencies 16 phenotype
13 ( 14 scid
14 scid 15 )
18 primarily 19 related
19 related 29 but
20 to 22 abnormality
20 to 29 but
21 an 22 abnormality
22 abnormality 24 of
24 of 27 cell
25 the 27 cell
26 hematopoietic 27 cell
28 , 29 but
29 but 30 rather
29 but 31 to
31 to 34 alteration
32 a 34 alteration
33 peculiar 34 alteration
34 alteration 35 of
35 of 39 cell
36 the 39 cell
37 thymic 39 cell
38 epithelia 39 cell

this review focuses on the key role of foxn1 in cell development and its clinical implication in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 10 in
3 focuses 17 in
4 on 7 role
5 the 7 role
6 key 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 9 foxn1
10 in 13 and
11 cell 12 development
12 development 13 and
13 and 16 implication
14 its 16 implication
15 clinical 16 implication
17 in 18 humans

atherosclerosis has been thought to be a disease of modern society , and its occurrence was closely related to contemporary diet [and] lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 atherosclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 atherosclerosis 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 thought
4 thought 5 to
4 thought 8 disease
4 thought 18 related
5 to 6 be
7 a 8 disease
8 disease 9 of
8 disease 16 was
9 of 13 and
10 modern 11 society
11 society 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 occurrence
14 its 15 occurrence
16 was 18 related
17 closely 18 related
18 related 19 to
19 to 23 lifestyle
20 contemporary 21 diet
21 diet 23 lifestyle

however , a series of investigations on ancient mummies by autopsy [and] ct [scan] concluded [that] atherosclerosis was commonly seen in ancient times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 series
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 series
3 a 4 series
4 series 5 of
4 series 18 was
5 of 6 investigations
6 investigations 7 on
7 on 9 mummies
8 ancient 9 mummies
9 mummies 10 by
10 by 17 atherosclerosis
11 autopsy 15 concluded
13 ct 15 concluded
15 concluded 17 atherosclerosis
18 was 20 seen
19 commonly 20 seen
20 seen 21 in
21 in 23 times
22 ancient 23 times

the presence of atherosclerosis in ancient human beings suggested that aging and genetic predisposition might be essential risk factors for atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 9 suggested
3 of 4 atherosclerosis
4 atherosclerosis 5 in
5 in 8 beings
6 ancient 8 beings
7 human 8 beings
9 suggested 12 and
9 suggested 16 be
10 that 11 aging
10 that 12 and
12 and 14 predisposition
12 and 15 might
13 genetic 14 predisposition
15 might 16 be
16 be 19 factors
17 essential 19 factors
18 risk 19 factors
19 factors 20 for
20 for 21 atherosclerosis

vascular stiffness is regarded as a result of degenerative processes potentiated by aging , hypertension , and other risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stiffness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 vascular 2 stiffness
2 stiffness 3 is
3 is 4 regarded
4 regarded 5 as
5 as 7 result
6 a 7 result
7 result 8 of
8 of 17 and
9 degenerative 10 processes
10 processes 11 potentiated
10 processes 12 by
10 processes 14 ,
12 by 13 aging
14 , 15 hypertension
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 other
17 and 19 risk
17 and 20 factors
19 risk 20 factors

central hemodynamic changes are one of the serious sequels of high arterial stiffness , which gives [rise] to a chain of events as a higher postload on the left ventricle , its concentric hypertrophy [,] diastolic dysfunction and increases the overall risk of cardiovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 central 3 changes
2 hemodynamic 3 changes
3 changes 4 are
4 are 5 one
5 one 6 of
5 one 10 of
6 of 9 sequels
7 the 9 sequels
8 serious 9 sequels
10 of 13 stiffness
11 high 13 stiffness
12 arterial 13 stiffness
13 stiffness 15 which
14 , 15 which
15 which 16 gives
15 which 31 ,
16 gives 18 to
16 gives 23 as
16 gives 27 on
18 to 20 chain
19 a 20 chain
20 chain 21 of
21 of 22 events
23 as 26 postload
24 a 26 postload
25 higher 26 postload
27 on 30 ventricle
28 the 30 ventricle
29 left 30 ventricle
31 , 33 concentric
31 , 38 and
32 its 33 concentric
33 concentric 38 and
34 hypertrophy 37 dysfunction
34 hypertrophy 38 and
36 diastolic 37 dysfunction
38 and 39 increases
38 and 42 risk
40 the 42 risk
41 overall 42 risk
42 risk 43 of
43 of 45 events
44 cardiovascular 45 events

the purpose of the review is to discuss the mechanisms of vascular stiffness , focusing on the role of this condition in the development of chronic heart failure with retained ejection [fraction] and its pathogenetic treatment as a future target . 
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 the 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 discuss
7 to 8 discuss
8 discuss 10 mechanisms
8 discuss 15 focusing
9 the 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 of
11 of 13 stiffness
12 vascular 13 stiffness
14 , 15 focusing
15 focusing 16 on
15 focusing 29 with
15 focusing 41 .
16 on 18 role
17 the 18 role
18 role 19 of
19 of 21 condition
20 this 21 condition
21 condition 22 in
21 condition 25 of
22 in 24 development
23 the 24 development
25 of 28 failure
26 chronic 27 heart
27 heart 28 failure
29 with 33 and
30 retained 31 ejection
31 ejection 33 and
33 and 36 treatment
33 and 37 as
34 its 36 treatment
35 pathogenetic 36 treatment
37 as 40 target
38 a 40 target
39 future 40 target

none none the [allostatic] [load] [model] has been used to quantify the physiological costs of the body 's response to repeated stressful demands and may provide a useful , integrative perspective on the various correlates of late - life depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 none 3 the
1 none 8 been
1 none 9 used
2 none 3 the
3 the 7 has
7 has 8 been
9 used 10 to
9 used 14 costs
10 to 11 quantify
11 quantify 13 physiological
12 the 13 physiological
14 costs 15 of
15 of 19 response
16 the 17 body
17 body 18 's
18 's 19 response
19 response 20 to
19 response 31 perspective
19 response 35 correlates
20 to 24 and
21 repeated 23 demands
21 repeated 24 and
22 stressful 23 demands
24 and 25 may
25 may 26 provide
27 a 31 perspective
28 useful 29 ,
28 useful 31 perspective
30 integrative 31 perspective
31 perspective 32 on
31 perspective 35 correlates
32 on 34 various
33 the 34 various
35 correlates 37 late
36 of 37 late
38 - 41 symptoms
39 life 41 symptoms
40 depressive 41 symptoms

we interviewed 125 rochester , ny adults , ranging in age from 67 to 94 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 interviewed
2 interviewed 11 age
3 125 10 in
4 rochester 7 adults
4 rochester 9 ranging
5 , 7 adults
6 ny 7 adults
7 adults 8 ,
9 ranging 10 in
10 in 11 age
11 age 12 from
12 from 16 years
13 67 14 to
14 to 15 94
14 to 16 years

we employed an allostatic load score as a measure of multisystem dysfunction in hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis [function] , immune function , anabolic activity , and cardiovascular activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 employed
2 employed 6 score
2 employed 7 as
3 an 6 score
4 allostatic 5 load
5 load 6 score
7 as 12 dysfunction
8 a 9 measure
9 measure 10 of
9 measure 12 dysfunction
10 of 12 dysfunction
11 multisystem 12 dysfunction
12 dysfunction 13 in
13 in 28 and
14 hypothalamic 15 –
14 hypothalamic 19 axis
16 pituitary 17 –
16 pituitary 19 axis
18 adrenal 19 axis
19 axis 21 ,
21 , 23 function
21 , 24 ,
22 immune 23 function
24 , 26 activity
24 , 28 and
25 anabolic 26 activity
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 activity
29 cardiovascular 30 activity

overall , affective , and somatic depressive symptom scores were computed using the 20 - item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 9 scores
3 affective 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 somatic
5 and 7 depressive
7 depressive 9 scores
8 symptom 9 scores
9 scores 10 were
10 were 11 computed
11 computed 12 using
12 using 14 20
13 the 14 20
15 - 17 center
16 item 17 center
17 center 18 for
18 for 22 scale
19 epidemiologic 20 studies
20 studies 21 depression
21 depression 22 scale

multiple linear regression models were used to estimate associations between allostatic load scores and affective , somatic , and overall depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 multiple 4 models
2 linear 4 models
3 regression 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 estimate
7 to 8 estimate
8 estimate 9 associations
8 estimate 10 between
10 between 14 and
11 allostatic 12 load
12 load 13 scores
13 scores 14 and
14 and 22 symptoms
15 affective 16 ,
15 affective 22 symptoms
17 somatic 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 overall
19 and 21 depressive
19 and 22 symptoms

among our sample of mean age 76.1 years , the one - week prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was 12.8 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 among 3 sample
1 among 14 prevalence
2 our 3 sample
3 sample 4 of
4 of 8 years
5 mean 6 age
6 age 8 years
7 76.1 8 years
8 years 11 one
9 , 11 one
10 the 11 one
11 one 12 -
13 week 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 of
14 prevalence 20 was
15 of 19 symptoms
16 clinically 17 significant
17 significant 19 symptoms
18 depressive 19 symptoms
20 was 22 %
21 12.8 22 %

our results suggest that allostatic load measure is associated with late - life depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 7 measure
3 suggest 9 associated
4 that 7 measure
5 allostatic 6 load
6 load 7 measure
7 measure 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 15 symptoms
11 late 12 -
11 late 13 life
13 life 15 symptoms
14 depressive 15 symptoms

this association appears to be of clinical significance , as the magnitude of the effect size was comparable ( but opposite in direction ) to that of antidepressant use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 association
2 association 3 appears
3 appears 4 to
3 appears 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 of
5 be 10 as
5 be 25 to
6 of 8 significance
7 clinical 8 significance
9 , 10 as
10 as 12 magnitude
10 as 24 )
11 the 12 magnitude
12 magnitude 13 of
13 of 15 effect
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 size
15 effect 17 was
16 size 17 was
17 was 20 but
18 comparable 20 but
19 ( 20 but
20 but 21 opposite
21 opposite 22 in
22 in 23 direction
25 to 26 that
26 that 27 of
27 of 29 use
28 antidepressant 29 use

future research should examine the [inter] [-] relationships of allostatic [load] , psychological stress , and late - life depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 examine
4 examine 16 and
5 the 16 and
8 relationships 9 of
8 relationships 16 and
9 of 14 stress
10 allostatic 12 ,
10 allostatic 14 stress
13 psychological 14 stress
15 , 16 and
16 and 21 symptoms
17 late 18 -
17 late 21 symptoms
19 life 21 symptoms
20 depressive 21 symptoms

vitamin d plays an important role in bone metabolism and maintaining bone health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 3 plays
3 plays 6 role
3 plays 7 in
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 role
5 important 6 role
7 in 10 and
8 bone 9 metabolism
9 metabolism 10 and
10 and 13 health
11 maintaining 13 health
12 bone 13 health

recently , new evidence has revealed that vitamin d affects chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases , cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 evidence
3 new 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 has
5 has 6 revealed
6 revealed 7 that
7 that 8 vitamin
7 that 10 affects
8 vitamin 9 d
8 vitamin 10 affects
10 affects 12 diseases
10 affects 14 as
11 chronic 12 diseases
13 such 14 as
14 as 20 and
15 autoimmune 16 diseases
16 diseases 17 ,
17 , 19 diseases
17 , 20 and
18 cardiovascular 19 diseases
20 and 22 cancers
21 certain 22 cancers

the aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin d status and the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in an urban korean population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 13 and
8 evaluate 20 in
9 the 12 status
10 vitamin 11 d
10 vitamin 12 status
12 status 13 and
13 and 15 prevalence
13 and 16 of
14 the 15 prevalence
16 of 19 deficiency
17 vitamin 18 d
17 vitamin 19 deficiency
20 in 24 population
21 an 22 urban
21 an 24 population
22 urban 23 korean
23 korean 24 population

this study included 8,976 participants ( 3,587 men and 5,389 women ) aged 50 [yr] and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 included
3 included 5 participants
3 included 16 and
4 8,976 5 participants
5 participants 9 and
6 ( 9 and
7 3,587 8 men
8 men 9 and
9 and 11 women
9 and 12 )
10 5,389 11 women
13 aged 14 50
13 aged 16 and
16 and 17 older

serum 25 ( oh )d level was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle [immunoassay] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 serum 2 25
1 serum 4 oh
3 ( 4 oh
4 oh 5 )d
4 oh 6 level
6 level 7 was
7 was 8 measured
8 measured 9 by
9 by 11 microparticle
10 chemiluminescent 11 microparticle

the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency [ 25 ( oh )d < 20 ng / [ml] ] was 59.7 [%] and 86.5 % in men and women , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 18 was
3 of 6 deficiency
4 vitamin 5 d
4 vitamin 6 deficiency
6 deficiency 15 /
7 [ 15 /
8 25 10 oh
9 ( 10 oh
10 oh 11 )d
10 oh 15 /
12 < 13 20
13 20 14 ng
14 ng 15 /
15 / 17 ]
18 was 23 %
18 was 24 in
18 was 29 respectively
19 59.7 21 and
21 and 22 86.5
21 and 23 %
24 in 26 and
25 men 26 and
26 and 27 women
28 , 29 respectively
29 respectively 30 .

the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency increased significantly with age in men , but not in women and it decreased from april to july [,] more prominently in men than in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 18 and
3 of 6 deficiency
4 vitamin 5 d
4 vitamin 6 deficiency
6 deficiency 7 increased
6 deficiency 9 with
7 increased 8 significantly
9 with 10 age
10 age 14 but
11 in 12 men
11 in 14 but
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 not
14 but 16 in
16 in 17 women
18 and 19 it
18 and 20 decreased
20 decreased 21 from
20 decreased 23 to
20 decreased 27 prominently
20 decreased 28 in
20 decreased 30 than
21 from 22 april
23 to 24 july
26 more 27 prominently
28 in 29 men
30 than 31 in
31 in 32 women

these results suggest that sun exposure , intake of vitamin d [supplement] , and regular physical activities is recommended in [an] urban koreans , especially in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 5 sun
5 sun 6 exposure
7 , 8 intake
7 , 19 recommended
8 intake 9 of
8 intake 18 is
9 of 14 and
10 vitamin 11 d
10 vitamin 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 activities
15 regular 17 activities
16 physical 17 activities
18 is 19 recommended
19 recommended 20 in
20 in 23 koreans
22 urban 23 koreans
23 koreans 26 in
24 , 25 especially
24 , 26 in
26 in 27 women
26 in 28 .

blepharoplasty , the most common aesthetic eyelid procedure , sometimes involves a challenging patient subgroup : those who present [with] malar edema , malar bags , and festoons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 blepharoplasty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 blepharoplasty 8 procedure
1 blepharoplasty 11 involves
2 , 8 procedure
3 the 8 procedure
4 most 5 common
5 common 7 eyelid
6 aesthetic 7 eyelid
7 eyelid 8 procedure
8 procedure 9 ,
10 sometimes 11 involves
11 involves 15 subgroup
12 a 13 challenging
12 a 15 subgroup
13 challenging 15 subgroup
14 patient 15 subgroup
16 : 17 those
17 those 18 who
17 those 27 and
18 who 27 and
19 present 25 bags
19 present 27 and
21 malar 25 bags
22 edema 23 ,
22 edema 25 bags
24 malar 25 bags
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 festoons

in this review article , the authors describe the relevant anatomy in [festoon] development , discuss the pathophysiological basis of this condition spectrum , outline clinical examination basics , summarize various surgical approaches for treatment and propose an algorithm for their application , and describe the most common postsurgical complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 in 4 article
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 authors
2 this 4 article
3 review 4 article
6 the 7 authors
7 authors 15 ,
8 describe 11 anatomy
8 describe 12 in
8 describe 15 ,
9 the 11 anatomy
10 relevant 11 anatomy
12 in 14 development
15 , 24 ,
16 discuss 19 basis
16 discuss 24 ,
17 the 19 basis
18 pathophysiological 19 basis
19 basis 20 of
20 of 23 spectrum
21 this 23 spectrum
22 condition 23 spectrum
24 , 29 ,
25 outline 28 basics
25 outline 29 ,
26 clinical 27 examination
27 examination 28 basics
29 , 36 and
30 summarize 33 approaches
30 summarize 36 and
31 various 33 approaches
32 surgical 33 approaches
33 approaches 34 for
34 for 35 treatment
36 and 44 and
37 propose 39 algorithm
37 propose 44 and
38 an 39 algorithm
39 algorithm 40 for
40 for 42 application
41 their 42 application
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 describe
45 describe 50 complications
46 the 47 most
47 most 50 complications
48 common 50 complications
49 postsurgical 50 complications

objective : to test the hypothesis that the effect of antithrombotic medications on the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) varies according to the location of the hematoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
2 : 30 .
3 to 4 test
4 test 6 hypothesis
5 the 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 that
7 that 9 effect
7 that 22 varies
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
9 effect 16 of
9 effect 22 varies
10 of 12 medications
11 antithrombotic 12 medications
12 medications 13 on
13 on 15 risk
14 the 15 risk
16 of 18 hemorrhage
17 intracerebral 18 hemorrhage
18 hemorrhage 20 ich
19 ( 20 ich
20 ich 21 )
22 varies 24 to
23 according 24 to
24 to 26 location
25 the 26 location
26 location 27 of
27 of 29 hematoma
28 the 29 hematoma

methods : consecutive patients with ich were enrolled as part of the multicenter study on cerebral hemorrhage in italy ( much - italy ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 8 enrolled
2 : 25 .
3 consecutive 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 7 were
5 with 6 ich
7 were 8 enrolled
8 enrolled 9 as
8 enrolled 18 in
9 as 10 part
10 part 11 of
11 of 14 study
12 the 14 study
13 multicenter 14 study
14 study 15 on
15 on 17 hemorrhage
16 cerebral 17 hemorrhage
18 in 21 much
19 italy 21 much
20 ( 21 much
21 much 23 italy
22 - 23 italy
23 italy 24 )

multivariable logistic regression models served to examine whether risk factors for ich and location of the hematoma ( deep [vs] lobar ) [predict] treatment - specific ich subgroups ( antiplatelets - related ich and oral anticoagulants [ oacs ] - related ich ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 served
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
1 multivariable 3 regression
1 multivariable 4 models
1 multivariable 5 served
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 models
5 served 6 to
5 served 28 subgroups
6 to 7 examine
7 examine 8 whether
8 whether 9 risk
8 whether 10 factors
9 risk 10 factors
10 factors 11 for
10 factors 27 ich
11 for 13 and
12 ich 13 and
13 and 14 location
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 hematoma
16 the 17 hematoma
17 hematoma 24 treatment
18 ( 24 treatment
19 deep 24 treatment
21 lobar 22 )
21 lobar 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 -
26 specific 27 ich
28 subgroups 30 antiplatelets
29 ( 30 antiplatelets
30 antiplatelets 31 -
31 - 32 related
32 related 34 and
32 related 44 .
33 ich 34 and
34 and 36 anticoagulants
34 and 38 oacs
34 and 42 ich
35 oral 36 anticoagulants
37 [ 38 oacs
38 oacs 39 ]
40 - 42 ich
41 related 42 ich
42 ich 43 )

results : a total of 870 ( 313 lobar ich , 557 deep ich ) subjects were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 16 subjects
4 total 17 were
4 total 18 included
5 of 6 870
6 870 10 ich
7 ( 10 ich
8 313 10 ich
9 lobar 10 ich
10 ich 14 ich
10 ich 15 )
11 , 14 ich
12 557 14 ich
13 deep 14 ich
14 ich 15 )
16 subjects 17 were

of these , 223 ( 25.6 % ) were taking antiplatelets [and] 77 ( 8.8 % ) [oacs] at the time [of] stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 223
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 of 2 these
1 of 3 ,
1 of 4 223
4 223 7 %
4 223 9 were
5 ( 7 %
6 25.6 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 were 10 taking
10 taking 11 antiplatelets
10 taking 19 at
11 antiplatelets 13 77
11 antiplatelets 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 8.8 16 %
16 % 17 )
19 at 23 stroke
20 the 23 stroke
21 time 23 stroke

the odds of antiplatelet - related ich increased with aging ( odds [ratio] [ or ] 1.05 [;] 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] 1.03 - 1.07 ) and hypertension ( or 1.86 ; 95 % ci 1.22 - 2.85 ) [but] had no relation with the anatomical location of ich . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 the 2 odds
2 odds 3 of
2 odds 30 and
3 of 4 antiplatelet
4 antiplatelet 7 ich
5 - 7 ich
6 related 7 ich
7 ich 8 increased
7 ich 29 )
8 increased 9 with
8 increased 27 -
9 with 10 aging
9 with 21 confidence
10 aging 12 odds
11 ( 12 odds
12 odds 15 or
12 odds 16 ]
14 [ 15 or
15 or 16 ]
17 1.05 21 confidence
19 95 20 %
20 % 21 confidence
21 confidence 24 ci
23 [ 24 ci
24 ci 25 ]
26 1.03 27 -
27 - 28 1.07
30 and 31 hypertension
30 and 33 or
32 ( 33 or
33 or 34 1.86
33 or 35 ;
35 ; 38 ci
35 ; 44 had
36 95 38 ci
37 % 38 ci
38 ci 39 1.22
38 ci 41 2.85
38 ci 44 had
40 - 41 2.85
41 2.85 42 )
44 had 46 relation
45 no 46 relation
46 relation 47 with
46 relation 51 of
47 with 50 location
48 the 50 location
49 anatomical 50 location
51 of 52 ich

conversely , lobar location [of] [the] hematoma was associated with the subgroup of oac - related ich ( or 1.70 ; 95 % ci 1.03 - 2.81 ) [when] compared to the subgroup of patients taking no antithrombotic medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hematoma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 7 hematoma
3 lobar 4 location
4 location 7 hematoma
7 hematoma 8 was
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 subgroup
11 the 12 subgroup
12 subgroup 13 of
13 of 14 oac
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 ich
16 related 21 ;
17 ich 19 or
18 ( 19 or
19 or 20 1.70
19 or 21 ;
21 ; 24 ci
21 ; 30 compared
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
24 ci 25 1.03
24 ci 27 2.81
24 ci 30 compared
26 - 27 2.81
27 2.81 28 )
30 compared 31 to
31 to 33 subgroup
32 the 33 subgroup
33 subgroup 34 of
34 of 35 patients
35 patients 36 taking
36 taking 39 medications
37 no 39 medications
38 antithrombotic 39 medications

within the subgroup of patients taking oacs , international normalized ratio [(] inr ) values were higher in those with lobar ich as compared to those with deep ich ( 2.8 ± 1.1 vs 2.2 ± 0.8 [;] p = 0.011 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 within
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 within 3 subgroup
1 within 16 were
2 the 3 subgroup
3 subgroup 4 of
4 of 5 patients
5 patients 6 taking
5 patients 13 inr
6 taking 7 oacs
8 , 13 inr
9 international 11 ratio
10 normalized 11 ratio
11 ratio 13 inr
13 inr 14 )
15 values 16 were
16 were 17 higher
17 higher 18 in
17 higher 25 to
17 higher 27 with
18 in 19 those
19 those 20 with
20 with 22 ich
21 lobar 22 ich
22 ich 24 compared
23 as 24 compared
25 to 26 those
27 with 29 ich
28 deep 29 ich
29 ich 32 ±
30 ( 32 ±
31 2.8 32 ±
32 ± 33 1.1
32 ± 34 vs
32 ± 42 )
34 vs 36 ±
35 2.2 36 ±
36 ± 40 =
37 0.8 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.011
40 = 42 )

the proportion of patients with lobar hematoma increased with increasing intensity [of] anticoagulation , with a ~2 - fold increased odds of lobar compared [to] deep ich ( odds 2.17 [;] p = 0.03 ) in those exposed to overanticoagulation ( inr values >3.0 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 proportion
2 proportion 3 of
2 proportion 8 increased
3 of 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
5 with 7 hematoma
6 lobar 7 hematoma
8 increased 9 with
8 increased 13 anticoagulation
8 increased 15 with
8 increased 36 in
8 increased 39 to
9 with 10 increasing
11 intensity 13 anticoagulation
14 , 15 with
15 with 19 fold
15 with 21 odds
15 with 35 )
16 a 19 fold
17 ~2 18 -
17 ~2 19 fold
19 fold 20 increased
21 odds 22 of
21 odds 29 odds
22 of 27 ich
23 lobar 27 ich
24 compared 27 ich
26 deep 27 ich
28 ( 29 odds
29 odds 33 =
29 odds 35 )
30 2.17 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.03
33 = 35 )
36 in 37 those
37 those 38 exposed
39 to 40 overanticoagulation
40 overanticoagulation 42 inr
41 ( 42 inr
42 inr 43 values
42 inr 44 >3.0
42 inr 45 )
43 values 44 >3.0

conclusions : oacs , as opposed to antiplatelets , predispose to lobar location [of] brain hematomas according to a dose - response relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 oacs
2 : 7 to
2 : 11 to
2 : 18 to
3 oacs 6 opposed
4 , 6 opposed
5 as 6 opposed
7 to 9 ,
8 antiplatelets 9 ,
9 , 10 predispose
11 to 16 hematomas
12 lobar 15 brain
13 location 15 brain
15 brain 16 hematomas
17 according 18 to
18 to 20 dose
19 a 20 dose
21 - 23 relationship
21 - 24 .
22 response 23 relationship

objective : to examine the association between alcohol consumption in midlife and subsequent cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 16 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 association
4 examine 7 between
4 examine 10 in
5 the 6 association
7 between 9 consumption
8 alcohol 9 consumption
10 in 12 and
11 midlife 12 and
12 and 15 decline
13 subsequent 15 decline
14 cognitive 15 decline

methods : data are from 5,054 men and 2,099 women from the whitehall ii cohort study with a mean age of 56 years ( range 44 - 69 years ) at first cognitive assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 are
2 : 8 and
3 data 4 are
4 are 5 from
5 from 7 men
6 5,054 7 men
8 and 10 women
8 and 16 study
9 2,099 10 women
10 women 11 from
10 women 16 study
11 from 15 cohort
12 the 15 cohort
13 whitehall 14 ii
13 whitehall 15 cohort
16 study 17 with
16 study 20 age
17 with 19 mean
18 a 19 mean
20 age 21 of
20 age 31 at
21 of 23 years
22 56 23 years
23 years 25 range
23 years 29 years
24 ( 25 range
25 range 26 44
25 range 27 -
27 - 29 years
28 69 29 years
29 years 30 )
31 at 34 assessment
32 first 34 assessment
33 cognitive 34 assessment

alcohol consumption was assessed 3 times in the 10 years preceding the first cognitive assessment ( 1997 - 1999 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alcohol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 alcohol 2 consumption
1 alcohol 3 was
1 alcohol 4 assessed
2 consumption 3 was
4 assessed 6 times
5 3 6 times
6 times 7 in
6 times 11 preceding
6 times 18 -
7 in 10 years
8 the 9 10
9 10 10 years
11 preceding 15 assessment
12 the 15 assessment
13 first 15 assessment
14 cognitive 15 assessment
16 ( 18 -
17 1997 18 -
18 - 19 1999
18 - 20 )

cognitive tests were repeated in 2002 - 2004 and 2007 - 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 repeated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 cognitive 2 tests
2 tests 3 were
3 were 4 repeated
4 repeated 5 in
5 in 7 -
6 2002 7 -
7 - 8 2004
9 and 10 2007
9 and 11 -
10 2007 11 -
11 - 12 2009

the cognitive test battery included 4 tests assessing memory and executive function ; a global cognitive score summarized performances across these tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 battery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 4 battery
2 cognitive 3 test
3 test 4 battery
4 battery 5 included
5 included 10 and
6 4 10 and
7 tests 8 assessing
7 tests 10 and
8 assessing 9 memory
10 and 12 function
11 executive 12 function
13 ; 17 score
13 ; 18 summarized
14 a 17 score
15 global 17 score
16 cognitive 17 score
17 score 18 summarized
18 summarized 19 performances
19 performances 20 across
20 across 22 tests
21 these 22 tests

linear mixed models were used to assess the association between alcohol consumption and cognitive decline , expressed as [z] scores ( mean [=] 0 , sd = 1 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 )(
1 linear 3 models
2 mixed 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
6 to 16 ,
7 assess 9 association
7 assess 10 between
7 assess 16 ,
8 the 9 association
10 between 13 and
11 alcohol 12 consumption
12 consumption 13 and
13 and 15 decline
14 cognitive 15 decline
16 , 17 expressed
17 expressed 18 as
18 as 20 scores
20 scores 22 mean
21 ( 22 mean
22 mean 24 0
22 mean 25 ,
25 , 26 sd
25 , 27 =
26 sd 27 =
27 = 28 1

results : in men , there were no differences in cognitive decline [among] alcohol abstainers , quitters , and light or moderate alcohol drinkers ( < 20 g/d ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 there
2 : 7 were
2 : 16 ,
2 : 30 .
3 in 4 men
3 in 5 ,
3 in 6 there
6 there 7 were
7 were 9 differences
8 no 9 differences
9 differences 10 in
10 in 15 abstainers
11 cognitive 12 decline
12 decline 15 abstainers
14 alcohol 15 abstainers
16 , 19 and
17 quitters 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 24 drinkers
19 and 28 g/d
20 light 21 or
21 or 22 moderate
21 or 24 drinkers
23 alcohol 24 drinkers
25 ( 28 g/d
26 < 27 20
27 20 28 g/d
28 g/d 29 )

in [women] , compared with those drinking 0.1 to 9.9 g/d of alcohol , 10 - year abstainers showed faster decline in the global cognitive score ( - 0.21 [ - 0.37 , - 0.04 ] ) and executive function ( - 0.17 [ - 0.32 , - 0.01 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 in 4 compared
1 in 38 and
3 , 4 compared
4 compared 5 with
4 compared 37 )
5 with 6 those
6 those 7 drinking
7 drinking 8 0.1
7 drinking 22 in
8 0.1 9 to
8 0.1 18 abstainers
8 0.1 21 decline
9 to 11 g/d
10 9.9 11 g/d
11 g/d 12 of
12 of 13 alcohol
13 alcohol 15 10
14 , 15 10
15 10 16 -
17 year 18 abstainers
18 abstainers 19 showed
19 showed 20 faster
19 showed 21 decline
22 in 26 score
23 the 26 score
24 global 26 score
25 cognitive 26 score
26 score 29 0.21
26 score 35 0.04
27 ( 29 0.21
28 - 29 0.21
29 0.21 32 0.37
29 0.21 33 ,
30 [ 32 0.37
31 - 32 0.37
32 0.37 33 ,
34 - 35 0.04
35 0.04 36 ]
38 and 40 function
38 and 43 0.17
39 executive 40 function
41 ( 43 0.17
42 - 43 0.17
43 0.17 46 0.32
43 0.17 49 0.01
43 0.17 51 )
44 [ 46 0.32
45 - 46 0.32
46 0.32 47 ,
47 , 49 0.01
48 - 49 0.01
49 0.01 50 ]

conclusions : excessive alcohol consumption in men ( ≥36 [g/d] ) was associated with faster cognitive decline compared [with] light to moderate alcohol consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 consumption
2 : 22 moderate
2 : 25 .
3 excessive 5 consumption
4 alcohol 5 consumption
5 consumption 6 in
5 consumption 12 was
6 in 7 men
7 men 9 ≥36
8 ( 9 ≥36
9 ≥36 11 )
12 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 21 to
14 with 20 light
15 faster 20 light
16 cognitive 20 light
17 decline 18 compared
18 compared 20 light
21 to 22 moderate
22 moderate 24 consumption
23 alcohol 24 consumption

the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression occurs through cis rna regulatory elements by the action of trans factors , which are represented by noncoding rnas ( especially micrornas [ )(and turnover - and translation - regulatory ( ttr ) rna - binding proteins ( rbps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 occurs
1 the 3 regulation
2 posttranscriptional 3 regulation
3 regulation 4 of
3 regulation 7 occurs
4 of 6 expression
5 gene 6 expression
7 occurs 8 through
7 occurs 13 by
7 occurs 42 binding
8 through 12 elements
9 cis 12 elements
10 rna 12 elements
11 regulatory 12 elements
13 by 15 action
14 the 15 action
15 action 16 of
16 of 18 factors
17 trans 18 factors
18 factors 20 which
19 , 20 which
20 which 21 are
20 which 41 -
21 are 22 represented
22 represented 23 by
23 by 24 noncoding
24 noncoding 25 rnas
25 rnas 33 and
26 ( 27 especially
26 ( 33 and
28 micrornas 30 )(and
30 )(and 31 turnover
30 )(and 33 and
32 - 33 and
33 and 34 translation
33 and 40 rna
33 and 41 -
35 - 40 rna
36 regulatory 38 ttr
36 regulatory 40 rna
37 ( 38 ttr
38 ttr 39 )
40 rna 41 -
41 - 42 binding
42 binding 43 proteins
42 binding 47 .
43 proteins 45 rbps
44 ( 45 rbps
45 rbps 46 )

these multifactorial proteins are a group of heterogeneous rbps primarily implicated in controlling the decay and translation rates of target mrnas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 3 proteins
2 multifactorial 3 proteins
3 proteins 4 are
4 are 9 rbps
5 a 6 group
6 group 7 of
6 group 9 rbps
7 of 9 rbps
8 heterogeneous 9 rbps
9 rbps 11 implicated
9 rbps 12 in
9 rbps 19 of
10 primarily 11 implicated
12 in 13 controlling
13 controlling 16 and
14 the 16 and
15 decay 16 and
16 and 18 rates
17 translation 18 rates
19 of 21 mrnas
20 target 21 mrnas

ttr - rbps usually shuttle [between] cellular compartments ( the nucleus and cytoplasm ) in response to various stimuli and undergo posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation or methylation to ensure their proper subcellular localization and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rbps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 ttr 2 -
1 ttr 3 rbps
3 rbps 20 and
4 usually 5 shuttle
5 shuttle 8 compartments
5 shuttle 17 to
5 shuttle 20 and
7 cellular 8 compartments
8 compartments 12 and
9 ( 12 and
10 the 11 nucleus
11 nucleus 12 and
12 and 13 cytoplasm
12 and 14 )
15 in 16 response
16 response 17 to
17 to 19 stimuli
18 various 19 stimuli
20 and 21 undergo
20 and 25 as
21 undergo 23 modifications
22 posttranslational 23 modifications
24 such 25 as
25 as 35 and
26 phosphorylation 27 or
27 or 28 methylation
27 or 29 to
27 or 30 ensure
27 or 35 and
29 to 30 ensure
30 ensure 34 localization
31 their 34 localization
32 proper 34 localization
33 subcellular 34 localization
35 and 36 function

ttr - rbps are emerging as key regulators of a wide variety of genes influencing kidney physiology and pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rbps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 ttr 2 -
1 ttr 3 rbps
3 rbps 4 are
4 are 5 emerging
5 emerging 6 as
6 as 8 regulators
7 key 8 regulators
8 regulators 9 of
9 of 18 and
10 a 11 wide
10 a 12 variety
11 wide 12 variety
12 variety 13 of
12 variety 15 influencing
12 variety 18 and
13 of 14 genes
15 influencing 17 physiology
16 kidney 17 physiology
18 and 19 pathology

this review summarizes the current knowledge of ttr - rbps that influence renal metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 6 knowledge
4 the 6 knowledge
5 current 6 knowledge
6 knowledge 7 of
7 of 8 ttr
9 - 10 rbps
10 rbps 11 that
10 rbps 12 influence
11 that 12 influence
12 influence 14 metabolism
13 renal 14 metabolism

we will discuss the role of ttr - rbps as regulators of kidney ischemia , fibrosis and matrix remodeling , angiogenesis , membrane transport , immunity , vascular tone , hypertension , and acid - base balance as well as anemia , bone mineral disease , and vascular calcification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 discuss
3 discuss 33 and
4 the 5 role
5 role 6 of
5 role 22 ,
6 of 21 angiogenesis
7 ttr 17 and
7 ttr 21 angiogenesis
8 - 17 and
9 rbps 10 as
9 rbps 12 of
9 rbps 15 ,
10 as 11 regulators
12 of 14 ischemia
13 kidney 14 ischemia
15 , 16 fibrosis
15 , 17 and
17 and 19 remodeling
17 and 20 ,
18 matrix 19 remodeling
22 , 24 transport
22 , 25 ,
23 membrane 24 transport
25 , 26 immunity
25 , 27 ,
27 , 29 tone
27 , 30 ,
28 vascular 29 tone
30 , 31 hypertension
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 37 balance
33 and 40 as
34 acid 35 -
34 acid 36 base
36 base 37 balance
38 as 39 well
39 well 40 as
40 as 47 and
41 anemia 42 ,
42 , 45 disease
42 , 47 and
43 bone 45 disease
44 mineral 45 disease
46 , 47 and
47 and 49 calcification
48 vascular 49 calcification

objectives : aortic geometry changes throughout life [are] not well defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 geometry
2 : 5 changes
2 : 12 .
3 aortic 4 geometry
4 geometry 5 changes
5 changes 6 throughout
6 throughout 7 life
7 life 9 not
9 not 11 defined
10 well 11 defined

this investigation delineates aortic geometry across the adult age spectrum and determines the gender - related influence of aging on aortic morphometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
1 this 2 investigation
2 investigation 11 and
3 delineates 5 geometry
3 delineates 6 across
3 delineates 11 and
4 aortic 5 geometry
6 across 10 spectrum
7 the 10 spectrum
8 adult 10 spectrum
9 age 10 spectrum
11 and 12 determines
12 determines 14 gender
13 the 14 gender
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 influence
16 related 23 .
17 influence 18 of
18 of 19 aging
19 aging 20 on
20 on 22 morphometry
21 aortic 22 morphometry

methods : contrast - enhanced computed tomography [scans] of all aortic segments in 195 subjects ( 94 women , 101 men , average age 57 ± 20 years ) free of vascular disease were analysed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 contrast
2 : 4 -
4 - 7 tomography
4 - 19 ,
5 enhanced 7 tomography
6 computed 7 tomography
7 tomography 9 of
7 tomography 13 in
9 of 12 segments
10 all 12 segments
11 aortic 12 segments
13 in 15 subjects
14 195 15 subjects
15 subjects 18 women
16 ( 18 women
17 94 18 women
18 women 19 ,
19 , 20 101
19 , 35 analysed
20 101 21 men
20 101 30 free
20 101 31 of
20 101 34 were
21 men 28 years
21 men 30 free
22 , 28 years
23 average 24 age
24 age 28 years
25 57 26 ±
26 ± 28 years
27 20 28 years
28 years 29 )
31 of 33 disease
32 vascular 33 disease
34 were 35 analysed

lengths and diameters of each aortic segment as well as width , height and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta were compared between both genders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 lengths 2 and
2 and 3 diameters
2 and 4 of
2 and 20 were
4 of 14 and
5 each 7 segment
6 aortic 7 segment
7 segment 10 as
7 segment 12 ,
8 as 9 well
9 well 10 as
10 as 11 width
12 , 13 height
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 tortuosity
14 and 16 of
16 of 19 aorta
17 the 19 aorta
18 thoracic 19 aorta
20 were 21 compared
21 compared 22 between
22 between 24 genders
23 both 24 genders

results : aortic diameters and lengths were larger in men than women ( p < 0.001 ) ; however , after adjustment for body surface area ( bsa ) , the ascending aorta and aortic arch revealed greater diameters in women than in men ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.011 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
2 : 4 diameters
2 : 5 and
2 : 18 ;
3 aortic 4 diameters
5 and 6 lengths
5 and 7 were
6 lengths 7 were
7 were 8 larger
8 larger 9 in
8 larger 11 than
9 in 10 men
11 than 12 women
12 women 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.001
15 < 17 )
18 ; 34 and
18 ; 37 revealed
18 ; 49 and
19 however 34 and
20 , 21 after
21 after 22 adjustment
21 after 30 ,
21 after 34 and
22 adjustment 23 for
23 for 26 area
24 body 26 area
25 surface 26 area
26 area 28 bsa
27 ( 28 bsa
28 bsa 29 )
31 the 33 aorta
32 ascending 33 aorta
33 aorta 34 and
34 and 36 arch
34 and 37 revealed
35 aortic 36 arch
37 revealed 39 diameters
37 revealed 42 than
37 revealed 47 =
38 greater 39 diameters
39 diameters 40 in
40 in 41 women
42 than 43 in
43 in 44 men
45 ( 47 =
46 p 47 =
47 = 48 0.001
49 and 50 p
49 and 51 =
50 p 51 =
51 = 52 0.011
51 = 54 respectively
53 , 54 respectively
54 respectively 55 )

all aortic segment dimensions increased in a similar pattern with age for both genders , except the ascending aorta diameter , which increased +3.4 [%] ( p < 0.001 [ )(per decade in women and +2.6 [%] ( p < 0.001 ) per decade in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dimensions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 +3.4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 all 4 dimensions
2 aortic 3 segment
3 segment 4 dimensions
4 dimensions 5 increased
4 dimensions 6 in
4 dimensions 24 +3.4
6 in 9 pattern
7 a 8 similar
7 a 9 pattern
8 similar 9 pattern
9 pattern 10 with
10 with 11 age
11 age 12 for
11 age 22 which
11 age 23 increased
12 for 14 genders
13 both 14 genders
14 genders 16 except
15 , 16 except
16 except 20 diameter
16 except 21 ,
17 the 20 diameter
18 ascending 19 aorta
19 aorta 20 diameter
22 which 23 increased
24 +3.4 28 <
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001
29 0.001 31 )(per
29 0.001 33 in
29 0.001 43 per
29 0.001 45 in
31 )(per 32 decade
33 in 35 and
34 women 35 and
35 and 36 +2.6
35 and 40 <
38 ( 40 <
39 p 40 <
40 < 41 0.001
40 < 42 )
43 per 44 decade
45 in 46 men

owing to more dynamic ascending aortic growth in women , absolute diameters were similar in both genders at an older age ( >70 years old : 3.4 ± 0.3 vs 3.5 ± 0.3 cm , p = 0.241 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 diameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 owing 2 to
1 owing 7 growth
1 owing 8 in
1 owing 10 ,
1 owing 12 diameters
2 to 3 more
4 dynamic 5 ascending
5 ascending 7 growth
6 aortic 7 growth
8 in 9 women
11 absolute 12 diameters
12 diameters 13 were
13 were 14 similar
14 similar 15 in
14 similar 18 at
15 in 17 genders
16 both 17 genders
18 at 21 age
19 an 21 age
20 older 21 age
21 age 23 >70
22 ( 23 >70
23 >70 25 old
23 >70 26 :
24 years 25 old
26 : 27 3.4
26 : 28 ±
27 3.4 28 ±
28 ± 29 0.3
29 0.3 30 vs
30 vs 32 ±
31 3.5 32 ±
32 ± 37 =
33 0.3 34 cm
34 cm 37 =
35 , 37 =
36 p 37 =
37 = 38 0.241
37 = 39 )

conclusions : female gender is associated with smaller aortic dimensions , but only at a young age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 gender
2 : 6 associated
2 : 18 .
3 female 4 gender
4 gender 5 is
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 12 but
7 with 10 dimensions
7 with 12 but
8 smaller 10 dimensions
9 aortic 10 dimensions
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 only
12 but 14 at
14 at 17 age
15 a 16 young
15 a 17 age
16 young 17 age

the dynamics of aortic growth [throughout] life are greater in women than in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dynamics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 dynamics
2 dynamics 3 of
2 dynamics 8 are
3 of 7 life
4 aortic 5 growth
5 growth 7 life
8 are 9 greater
9 greater 10 in
9 greater 12 than
10 in 11 women
12 than 13 in
13 in 14 men

gender - related changes in aortic geometry provide a hypothesis for the predominance of aortic dissection in young male patients , which normalizes between genders with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 gender 2 -
1 gender 4 changes
3 related 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 8 provide
5 in 7 geometry
6 aortic 7 geometry
8 provide 10 hypothesis
8 provide 11 for
8 provide 17 in
9 a 10 hypothesis
11 for 13 predominance
12 the 13 predominance
13 predominance 14 of
14 of 16 dissection
15 aortic 16 dissection
17 in 20 patients
18 young 19 male
19 male 20 patients
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 normalizes
22 which 23 normalizes
23 normalizes 24 between
23 normalizes 26 with
23 normalizes 28 age
24 between 25 genders
26 with 27 increasing

ceftaroline fosamil is a parenteral cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community - acquired bacterial pneumonia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fosamil
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 ceftaroline 2 fosamil
2 fosamil 3 is
3 is 6 cephalosporin
4 a 6 cephalosporin
5 parenteral 6 cephalosporin
6 cephalosporin 7 indicated
6 cephalosporin 8 for
6 cephalosporin 11 of
8 for 10 treatment
9 the 10 treatment
11 of 19 and
12 acute 14 skin
13 bacterial 14 skin
14 skin 15 and
15 and 18 infections
15 and 19 and
16 skin 17 structure
17 structure 18 infections
19 and 20 community
21 - 24 pneumonia
22 acquired 24 pneumonia
23 bacterial 24 pneumonia

ceftaroline , the active component of ceftaroline fosamil , exhibits broad - spectrum bactericidal activity against gram [-] positive organisms , including methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae , as well as common gram - negative pathogens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ceftaroline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 ceftaroline 5 component
1 ceftaroline 10 exhibits
2 , 5 component
3 the 5 component
4 active 5 component
5 component 6 of
5 component 9 ,
6 of 8 fosamil
7 ceftaroline 8 fosamil
10 exhibits 15 activity
10 exhibits 16 against
10 exhibits 22 including
11 broad 12 -
11 broad 13 spectrum
13 spectrum 15 activity
14 bactericidal 15 activity
16 against 20 organisms
17 gram 20 organisms
19 positive 20 organisms
21 , 22 including
22 including 23 methicillin
22 including 31 ,
23 methicillin 28 and
24 - 28 and
25 resistant 27 aureus
26 staphylococcus 27 aureus
27 aureus 28 and
28 and 30 pneumoniae
28 and 31 ,
29 streptococcus 30 pneumoniae
31 , 36 gram
31 , 37 -
32 as 33 well
33 well 35 common
34 as 35 common
35 common 36 gram
37 - 38 negative
38 negative 39 pathogens

the objective of the studies presented herein was to establish the pharmacokinetic profile of ceftaroline in healthy subjects and special populations of interest , such as elderly subjects , subjects with renal impairment , or subjects [with] end - stage renal disease on intermittent hemodialysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 stage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 19 and
3 of 5 studies
4 the 5 studies
5 studies 6 presented
5 studies 7 herein
5 studies 10 establish
7 herein 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 establish
9 to 10 establish
10 establish 13 profile
11 the 13 profile
12 pharmacokinetic 13 profile
13 profile 14 of
13 profile 16 in
14 of 15 ceftaroline
16 in 18 subjects
17 healthy 18 subjects
19 and 21 populations
19 and 40 stage
20 special 21 populations
21 populations 22 of
22 of 23 interest
23 interest 26 as
23 interest 35 or
24 , 26 as
25 such 26 as
26 as 28 subjects
26 as 29 ,
27 elderly 28 subjects
29 , 35 or
30 subjects 31 with
30 subjects 35 or
31 with 33 impairment
32 renal 33 impairment
34 , 35 or
35 or 38 end
35 or 39 -
36 subjects 38 end
40 stage 42 disease
40 stage 43 on
41 renal 42 disease
43 on 45 hemodialysis
44 intermittent 45 hemodialysis

the mean [half] - life of ceftaroline in healthy subjects was approximately 2.6 hours , and urinary excretion was the primary route of elimination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 life
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 5 life
2 mean 4 -
2 mean 5 life
5 life 6 of
5 life 11 was
6 of 7 ceftaroline
7 ceftaroline 8 in
8 in 10 subjects
9 healthy 10 subjects
11 was 14 hours
12 approximately 13 2.6
13 2.6 14 hours
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 excretion
16 and 19 was
17 urinary 18 excretion
18 excretion 19 was
19 was 22 route
20 the 22 route
21 primary 22 route
22 route 23 of
23 of 24 elimination

ceftaroline cmax and auc values increased in proportion to dose increases within the range of 50 - 1000 mg , demonstrating an approximately linear pharmacokinetic profile following intravenous infusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 ceftaroline 2 cmax
2 cmax 3 and
3 and 4 auc
4 auc 5 values
5 values 6 increased
6 increased 7 in
6 increased 9 to
7 in 8 proportion
9 to 10 dose
10 dose 11 increases
11 increases 12 within
11 increases 27 following
12 within 14 range
13 the 14 range
14 range 15 of
14 range 21 demonstrating
15 of 16 50
16 50 19 mg
17 - 19 mg
18 1000 19 mg
19 mg 20 ,
21 demonstrating 26 profile
22 an 26 profile
23 approximately 24 linear
24 linear 26 profile
25 pharmacokinetic 26 profile
27 following 29 infusion
28 intravenous 29 infusion

the pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftaroline were modestly altered in elderly subjects compared with younger adults , which was attributed to decreased renal function [in] elderly subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 parameters
2 pharmacokinetic 3 parameters
3 parameters 4 of
3 parameters 6 were
4 of 5 ceftaroline
6 were 8 altered
7 modestly 8 altered
8 altered 9 in
9 in 11 subjects
10 elderly 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 compared
12 compared 13 with
13 with 15 adults
14 younger 15 adults
16 , 17 which
16 , 19 attributed
17 which 18 was
18 was 19 attributed
19 attributed 20 to
20 to 26 subjects
21 decreased 23 function
22 renal 23 function
23 function 26 subjects
25 elderly 26 subjects

ceftaroline pharmacokinetic parameters varied with different degrees of renal impairment , resulting in recommended dosage adjustments for patients [with] moderate to severe impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 moderate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 ceftaroline 3 parameters
2 pharmacokinetic 3 parameters
3 parameters 4 varied
3 parameters 13 in
3 parameters 20 moderate
4 varied 5 with
4 varied 11 ,
4 varied 12 resulting
5 with 10 impairment
6 different 7 degrees
7 degrees 8 of
7 degrees 10 impairment
8 of 10 impairment
9 renal 10 impairment
13 in 16 adjustments
14 recommended 15 dosage
15 dosage 16 adjustments
16 adjustments 17 for
17 for 18 patients
20 moderate 21 to
21 to 23 impairment
22 severe 23 impairment

ceftaroline fosamil was generally well tolerated regardless of age or severity of renal impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fosamil
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ceftaroline 2 fosamil
2 fosamil 3 was
3 was 4 generally
3 was 5 well
5 well 6 tolerated
5 well 8 of
6 tolerated 7 regardless
8 of 10 or
9 age 10 or
10 or 11 severity
10 or 12 of
12 of 14 impairment
13 renal 14 impairment

background the measurement of circulating anti - müllerian [hormone] ( amh ) has been applied to a wide array of clinical applications , mainly based on its ability to reflect the number of antral and pre - antral follicles present in the ovaries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 background 2 the
2 the 3 measurement
3 measurement 4 of
3 measurement 23 ,
4 of 5 circulating
5 circulating 8 müllerian
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 8 müllerian
8 müllerian 11 amh
10 ( 11 amh
11 amh 12 )
13 has 14 been
13 has 23 ,
14 been 15 applied
15 applied 16 to
16 to 19 array
17 a 18 wide
17 a 19 array
18 wide 19 array
19 array 20 of
20 of 22 applications
21 clinical 22 applications
23 , 25 based
23 , 26 on
23 , 32 number
24 mainly 25 based
26 on 28 ability
27 its 28 ability
28 ability 29 to
28 ability 30 reflect
29 to 30 reflect
31 the 32 number
32 number 33 of
33 of 35 and
34 antral 35 and
35 and 36 pre
37 - 39 follicles
38 antral 39 follicles
39 follicles 40 present
40 present 41 in
41 in 43 ovaries
42 the 43 ovaries

amh has been suggested to predict the ovarian response to hyperstimulation of the ovaries for ivf and the timing [of] menopause , [and] to indicate iatrogenic damage to the ovarian follicle reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
1 amh 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 to
4 suggested 10 to
4 suggested 24 to
5 to 6 predict
6 predict 9 response
7 the 9 response
8 ovarian 9 response
10 to 17 and
11 hyperstimulation 12 of
11 hyperstimulation 17 and
12 of 14 ovaries
13 the 14 ovaries
14 ovaries 15 for
15 for 16 ivf
17 and 21 menopause
18 the 21 menopause
19 timing 21 menopause
22 , 24 to
24 to 25 indicate
24 to 33 .
25 indicate 27 damage
26 iatrogenic 27 damage
27 damage 28 to
28 to 32 reserve
29 the 32 reserve
30 ovarian 31 follicle
31 follicle 32 reserve

it has also been proposed as a surrogate for antral follicle [count] ( afc ) in the diagnosis [of] polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 4 been
3 also 4 been
4 been 5 proposed
5 proposed 6 as
6 as 8 surrogate
7 a 8 surrogate
8 surrogate 9 for
8 surrogate 16 in
9 for 11 follicle
10 antral 11 follicle
11 follicle 14 afc
13 ( 14 afc
14 afc 15 )
16 in 22 syndrome
17 the 22 syndrome
18 diagnosis 22 syndrome
20 polycystic 21 ovary
21 ovary 22 syndrome
22 syndrome 24 pcos
23 ( 24 pcos
24 pcos 25 )

methods this paper is a summary of presentations at a european society of human reproduction and embryology campus workshop on amh , with literature cited until september 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 methods 3 paper
2 this 3 paper
3 paper 4 is
4 is 6 summary
5 a 6 summary
6 summary 7 of
7 of 8 presentations
8 presentations 9 at
8 presentations 20 on
9 at 19 workshop
10 a 19 workshop
11 european 19 workshop
12 society 13 of
12 society 19 workshop
13 of 17 embryology
14 human 15 reproduction
15 reproduction 16 and
16 and 17 embryology
18 campus 19 workshop
20 on 21 amh
21 amh 23 with
22 , 23 with
23 with 24 literature
23 with 29 .
24 literature 25 cited
25 cited 26 until
26 until 27 september
27 september 28 2013

published peer - reviewed medical literature about amh was searched through medline and was subjected to systematic review and critical assessment by the panel of authors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 peer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 published 2 peer
3 - 6 literature
3 - 13 and
3 - 27 .
4 reviewed 6 literature
5 medical 6 literature
6 literature 7 about
6 literature 13 and
7 about 8 amh
9 was 10 searched
9 was 13 and
10 searched 11 through
11 through 12 medline
13 and 14 was
14 was 15 subjected
15 subjected 16 to
15 subjected 22 by
16 to 19 and
17 systematic 18 review
18 review 19 and
19 and 21 assessment
20 critical 21 assessment
22 by 24 panel
23 the 24 panel
24 panel 25 of
25 of 26 authors

results physiologically , recent data confirm that amh is a follicular gatekeeper limiting follicle growth initiation , and subsequently estradiol production from small antral follicles prior to selection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 physiologically
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 results 2 physiologically
3 , 5 data
3 , 6 confirm
4 recent 5 data
5 data 6 confirm
6 confirm 7 that
7 that 8 amh
7 that 9 is
8 amh 9 is
9 is 12 gatekeeper
10 a 11 follicular
10 a 12 gatekeeper
11 follicular 12 gatekeeper
12 gatekeeper 13 limiting
13 limiting 18 and
14 follicle 15 growth
15 growth 16 initiation
16 initiation 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 subsequently
18 and 21 production
18 and 29 .
20 estradiol 21 production
21 production 22 from
22 from 25 follicles
23 small 25 follicles
24 antral 25 follicles
25 follicles 26 prior
26 prior 27 to
27 to 28 selection

amh assays continue to evolve and [technical] issues remain ; the absence of an international standard is a key issue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 amh 2 assays
1 amh 8 issues
1 amh 9 remain
2 assays 6 and
3 continue 4 to
3 continue 5 evolve
3 continue 6 and
4 to 5 evolve
6 and 8 issues
10 ; 12 absence
10 ; 17 is
11 the 12 absence
12 absence 13 of
12 absence 17 is
13 of 16 standard
14 an 16 standard
15 international 16 standard
17 is 20 issue
18 a 20 issue
19 key 20 issue

the dynamics of circulating amh levels throughout life can be split into several distinct phases , with a peak in the early 20 s before a decline to the menopause , with a strong and positive correlation [with] [non] - growing follicle recruitment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dynamics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 split
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 dynamics
2 dynamics 3 of
2 dynamics 5 amh
2 dynamics 6 levels
2 dynamics 9 can
3 of 4 circulating
5 amh 6 levels
6 levels 7 throughout
7 throughout 8 life
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 split
11 split 12 into
11 split 17 with
11 split 32 with
12 into 15 phases
13 several 15 phases
14 distinct 15 phases
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 peak
17 with 31 ,
18 a 19 peak
19 peak 20 in
19 peak 25 before
20 in 22 early
21 the 22 early
23 20 24 s
24 s 25 before
25 before 27 decline
26 a 27 decline
27 decline 28 to
28 to 30 menopause
29 the 30 menopause
32 with 37 correlation
33 a 37 correlation
34 strong 35 and
35 and 36 positive
35 and 37 correlation
40 - 43 recruitment
41 growing 43 recruitment
42 follicle 43 recruitment

there is a more complex rise during childhood and adolescence , which is likely to be more reflective of different stages of follicle development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 6 rise
3 a 6 rise
4 more 5 complex
5 complex 6 rise
6 rise 7 during
6 rise 19 of
6 rise 22 of
7 during 9 and
8 childhood 9 and
9 and 10 adolescence
9 and 11 ,
9 and 12 which
9 and 13 is
12 which 13 is
13 is 14 likely
14 likely 15 to
14 likely 16 be
15 to 16 be
16 be 18 reflective
17 more 18 reflective
19 of 21 stages
20 different 21 stages
22 of 24 development
23 follicle 24 development

amh shows limited short - term variability , but the influence of states such as prolonged oral contraceptive use need to be considered in clinical assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shows
1 amh 2 shows
2 shows 7 variability
3 limited 6 term
4 short 5 -
4 short 6 term
6 term 7 variability
7 variability 9 but
8 , 9 but
9 but 11 influence
9 but 27 .
10 the 11 influence
11 influence 12 of
11 influence 21 to
11 influence 23 considered
12 of 13 states
13 states 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 20 need
16 prolonged 18 contraceptive
17 oral 18 contraceptive
18 contraceptive 19 use
19 use 20 need
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 considered
23 considered 24 in
24 in 26 assessment
25 clinical 26 assessment

there are only very limited data on relationships between amh and natural fertility at different stages of reproductive life , and while it has a relationship to age at menopause [the] marked variability in this needs further exploration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 11 and
3 only 5 limited
4 very 5 limited
5 limited 6 data
6 data 7 on
6 data 11 and
7 on 8 relationships
8 relationships 9 between
9 between 10 amh
11 and 13 fertility
11 and 14 at
11 and 17 of
12 natural 13 fertility
14 at 16 stages
15 different 16 stages
17 of 19 life
18 reproductive 19 life
20 , 21 and
21 and 36 needs
21 and 37 further
22 while 23 it
22 while 24 has
22 while 36 needs
23 it 24 has
24 has 26 relationship
25 a 26 relationship
26 relationship 27 to
27 to 28 age
28 age 29 at
29 at 33 variability
30 menopause 32 marked
32 marked 33 variability
33 variability 34 in
34 in 35 this
36 needs 37 further
37 further 38 exploration

amh may be useful in assessing the need for fertility preservation strategies and detecting post - chemotherapy or surgical damage to the ovarian reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
1 amh 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 15 post
4 useful 5 in
4 useful 9 for
4 useful 13 and
5 in 6 assessing
6 assessing 8 need
7 the 8 need
9 for 12 strategies
10 fertility 12 strategies
11 preservation 12 strategies
13 and 14 detecting
13 and 15 post
15 post 18 or
16 - 18 or
17 chemotherapy 18 or
18 or 20 damage
18 or 21 to
18 or 25 .
19 surgical 20 damage
21 to 24 reserve
22 the 24 reserve
23 ovarian 24 reserve

long - term [follow] - up of patients to ascertain fully the value of post - cancer serum amh in predicting long - term ovarian function [is] [required] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 long 2 -
1 long 3 term
5 - 19 amh
5 - 22 long
5 - 23 -
6 up 19 amh
7 of 8 patients
7 of 19 amh
9 to 10 ascertain
9 to 16 -
9 to 19 amh
10 ascertain 11 fully
10 ascertain 13 value
12 the 13 value
13 value 14 of
14 of 15 post
17 cancer 19 amh
18 serum 19 amh
19 amh 20 in
19 amh 22 long
20 in 21 predicting
23 - 26 function
23 - 29 .
24 term 26 function
25 ovarian 26 function

there is a linear relationship between amh and oocyte yield after ovarian stimulation , which is of value in predicting ovarian hyperstimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 8 and
3 a 5 relationship
4 linear 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 between
5 relationship 8 and
6 between 7 amh
8 and 10 yield
8 and 11 after
9 oocyte 10 yield
11 after 13 stimulation
12 ovarian 13 stimulation
14 , 15 which
14 , 16 is
15 which 16 is
16 is 17 of
16 is 19 in
17 of 18 value
19 in 20 predicting
20 predicting 22 hyperstimulation
21 ovarian 22 hyperstimulation

amh can also identify ['] poor responders ' , but it seems inappropriate at present to withhold ivf purely on this basis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 amh 2 can
2 can 4 identify
3 also 4 identify
4 identify 8 '
6 poor 7 responders
7 responders 8 '
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 it
10 but 12 seems
11 it 12 seems
12 seems 13 inappropriate
13 inappropriate 16 to
13 inappropriate 17 withhold
14 at 15 present
15 present 16 to
16 to 17 withhold
17 withhold 18 ivf
17 withhold 19 purely
19 purely 20 on
20 on 22 basis
21 this 22 basis

women with pcos show markedly raised amh levels , due to both the increased number of small antral follicles and intrinsic characteristics of those granulosa cells , and this may contribute to anovulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 women 2 with
1 women 28 and
2 with 7 amh
3 pcos 7 amh
4 show 7 amh
5 markedly 6 raised
6 raised 7 amh
8 levels 11 to
8 levels 28 and
9 , 11 to
10 due 11 to
11 to 20 and
11 to 27 ,
12 both 20 and
13 the 15 number
14 increased 15 number
15 number 16 of
15 number 20 and
16 of 19 follicles
17 small 19 follicles
18 antral 19 follicles
20 and 22 characteristics
20 and 23 of
21 intrinsic 22 characteristics
23 of 26 cells
24 those 26 cells
25 granulosa 26 cells
28 and 31 contribute
29 this 30 may
30 may 31 contribute
31 contribute 32 to
32 to 33 anovulation

the value of amh in the diagnosis of pcos remains controversial , but it may replace afc in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 value
2 value 3 of
2 value 5 in
2 value 10 remains
3 of 4 amh
5 in 7 diagnosis
6 the 7 diagnosis
7 diagnosis 8 of
8 of 9 pcos
10 remains 11 controversial
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 it
13 but 16 replace
14 it 15 may
15 may 16 replace
16 replace 17 afc
16 replace 18 in
18 in 20 future
19 the 20 future

conclusions for the first time in female reproductive biology , it is possible to measure the submerged part of the iceberg of follicle growth , i.e . the intrinsic , so [-] [called] ['] acyclic ['] ovarian activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 11 it
2 for 11 it
3 the 5 time
4 first 5 time
5 time 11 it
6 in 9 biology
6 in 10 ,
6 in 11 it
7 female 9 biology
8 reproductive 9 biology
11 it 12 is
12 is 13 possible
13 possible 14 to
13 possible 15 measure
14 to 15 measure
15 measure 21 iceberg
16 the 18 part
17 submerged 18 part
18 part 19 of
18 part 21 iceberg
19 of 21 iceberg
20 the 21 iceberg
21 iceberg 22 of
22 of 24 growth
23 follicle 24 growth
25 , 26 i.e
27 . 38 activity
27 . 39 .
28 the 38 activity
29 intrinsic 30 ,
29 intrinsic 38 activity
31 so 35 acyclic
35 acyclic 38 activity
37 ovarian 38 activity

an international standard for amh and improved assay validity are urgently needed to maximize the clinical utility of this very promising biomarker [of] ovarian function in a large array of clinical situations , both in childhood and adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 an 2 international
2 international 3 standard
2 international 6 and
3 standard 4 for
4 for 5 amh
6 and 9 validity
6 and 10 are
7 improved 8 assay
8 assay 9 validity
10 are 11 urgently
10 are 12 needed
12 needed 13 to
12 needed 26 in
13 to 14 maximize
14 maximize 17 utility
15 the 17 utility
16 clinical 17 utility
17 utility 18 of
18 of 25 function
19 this 25 function
20 very 21 promising
21 promising 25 function
22 biomarker 25 function
24 ovarian 25 function
26 in 37 and
27 a 29 array
28 large 29 array
29 array 30 of
29 array 33 ,
30 of 32 situations
31 clinical 32 situations
33 , 34 both
33 , 37 and
34 both 35 in
35 in 36 childhood
37 and 38 adulthood

aim : the indices of the second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram ( sdptg ) denote stiffness of large arteries , peripheral vascular resistance and vascular aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 indices
2 : 16 denote
2 : 21 ,
3 the 4 indices
4 indices 5 of
4 indices 14 sdptg
4 indices 16 denote
5 of 8 derivative
6 the 7 second
6 the 8 derivative
8 derivative 9 of
9 of 12 photoplethysmogram
10 the 12 photoplethysmogram
11 finger 12 photoplethysmogram
13 ( 14 sdptg
14 sdptg 15 )
16 denote 17 stiffness
17 stiffness 18 of
18 of 20 arteries
19 large 20 arteries
21 , 25 and
22 peripheral 24 resistance
23 vascular 24 resistance
24 resistance 25 and
25 and 26 vascular
25 and 27 aging

however , the association between the autonomic nervous activity and the sdptg indices has not yet been elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 association
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 between
4 association 14 has
5 between 10 and
6 the 9 activity
7 autonomic 9 activity
8 nervous 9 activity
9 activity 10 and
10 and 13 indices
11 the 13 indices
12 sdptg 13 indices
14 has 15 not
14 has 17 been
16 yet 17 been
17 been 18 elucidated

methods : the sdptg and heart rate variability ( hrv ) were consecutively measured in the sitting position on the day before surgery in 168 patients 18 - 89 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 12 were
2 : 33 .
3 the 4 sdptg
4 sdptg 5 and
5 and 8 variability
5 and 10 hrv
5 and 12 were
6 heart 8 variability
7 rate 8 variability
9 ( 10 hrv
10 hrv 11 )
12 were 13 consecutively
12 were 14 measured
14 measured 15 in
14 measured 24 in
15 in 18 position
16 the 18 position
17 sitting 18 position
18 position 19 on
18 position 22 before
19 on 21 day
20 the 21 day
22 before 23 surgery
24 in 30 years
25 168 26 patients
26 patients 30 years
27 18 28 -
28 - 29 89
28 - 30 years
30 years 31 of
31 of 32 age

the relationships between the sdptg indices ( b/a , c/a , d/a and e/a ) and hrv indices ( power spectral analysis and time domain analysis parameters ) were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 relationships
2 relationships 3 between
2 relationships 16 and
3 between 6 indices
4 the 6 indices
5 sdptg 6 indices
6 indices 10 c/a
7 ( 10 c/a
8 b/a 9 ,
8 b/a 10 c/a
10 c/a 13 and
10 c/a 15 )
11 , 13 and
12 d/a 13 and
13 and 14 e/a
13 and 15 )
16 and 18 indices
16 and 23 and
16 and 29 were
17 hrv 18 indices
19 ( 23 and
20 power 22 analysis
21 spectral 22 analysis
22 analysis 23 and
23 and 27 parameters
23 and 28 )
24 time 27 parameters
25 domain 27 parameters
26 analysis 27 parameters
29 were 30 analyzed

the relationships between c/a and atherosclerosis - based conditions and risk factors for atherosclerosis were also evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 the 2 relationships
2 relationships 3 between
2 relationships 5 and
3 between 4 c/a
5 and 6 atherosclerosis
7 - 10 and
7 - 17 evaluated
7 - 18 .
8 based 9 conditions
9 conditions 10 and
10 and 12 factors
10 and 13 for
10 and 15 were
11 risk 12 factors
13 for 14 atherosclerosis
15 were 16 also
15 were 17 evaluated

results : the sdptg index b/a was negatively associated and the d/a index was positively associated with the low - frequency ( lf ) ( r= - 0.44 and 0.42 , respectively [ )(and high - frequency ( hf ) components ( r= - 0.31 and 0.35 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 sdptg
2 : 9 associated
2 : 10 and
2 : 51 .
3 the 4 sdptg
4 sdptg 6 b/a
4 sdptg 7 was
4 sdptg 9 associated
5 index 6 b/a
6 b/a 7 was
8 negatively 9 associated
10 and 13 index
10 and 16 associated
11 the 13 index
12 d/a 13 index
13 index 14 was
14 was 16 associated
15 positively 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
16 associated 49 respectively
17 with 21 frequency
18 the 21 frequency
19 low 20 -
19 low 21 frequency
21 frequency 23 lf
21 frequency 34 )(and
22 ( 23 lf
23 lf 24 )
25 ( 34 )(and
26 r= 29 and
26 r= 34 )(and
27 - 28 0.44
28 0.44 29 and
29 and 30 0.42
31 , 32 respectively
31 , 34 )(and
34 )(and 41 components
34 )(and 43 r=
34 )(and 48 ,
35 high 37 frequency
35 high 40 )
35 high 41 components
36 - 37 frequency
37 frequency 39 hf
37 frequency 40 )
38 ( 39 hf
39 hf 40 )
42 ( 43 r=
43 r= 46 and
43 r= 48 ,
44 - 45 0.31
45 0.31 46 and
46 and 47 0.35
48 , 49 respectively
49 respectively 50 )

the sdptg index c/a was also positively associated with the lf ( r=0.40 ) and hf ( r=0.44 ) components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 c/a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 4 c/a
2 sdptg 4 c/a
3 index 4 c/a
4 c/a 5 was
5 was 6 also
5 was 8 associated
7 positively 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 20 components
10 the 20 components
11 lf 13 r=0.40
11 lf 15 and
12 ( 13 r=0.40
13 r=0.40 14 )
15 and 16 hf
15 and 20 components
16 hf 18 r=0.44
17 ( 18 r=0.44
18 r=0.44 19 )

a multivariate regression analysis showed that the lf , hf and heart rate were independent determinants of the c/a . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 4 analysis
2 multivariate 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 11 and
6 that 14 were
7 the 10 hf
8 lf 10 hf
9 , 10 hf
10 hf 11 and
11 and 13 rate
11 and 14 were
12 heart 13 rate
14 were 16 determinants
15 independent 16 determinants
16 determinants 17 of
17 of 19 c/a
18 the 19 c/a

furthermore , the c/a values were significantly lower in the patients with hypertension [,] diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia than in those without these diseases , and a reduced c/a was significantly associated with increased serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 c/a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 c/a
3 the 4 c/a
4 c/a 5 values
4 c/a 6 were
4 c/a 30 was
5 values 6 were
6 were 7 significantly
6 were 8 lower
6 were 9 in
6 were 12 with
6 were 19 than
9 in 11 patients
10 the 11 patients
12 with 17 and
13 hypertension 15 diabetes
15 diabetes 16 mellitus
16 mellitus 17 and
17 and 18 hyperlipidemia
19 than 20 in
20 in 26 and
21 those 22 without
21 those 26 and
22 without 24 diseases
23 these 24 diseases
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 c/a
27 a 29 c/a
28 reduced 29 c/a
30 was 31 significantly
30 was 32 associated
32 associated 33 with
33 with 37 and
34 increased 35 serum
35 serum 36 triglyceride
36 triglyceride 37 and
37 and 40 concentrations
38 total 39 cholesterol
39 cholesterol 40 concentrations

conclusions : these findings suggest that a decrease in c/a is associated with a reduced baroreflex response of the peripheral vasomotor activity and a decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 29 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 decrease
6 that 12 associated
7 a 8 decrease
8 decrease 9 in
8 decrease 11 is
9 in 10 c/a
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 17 response
14 a 17 response
15 reduced 17 response
16 baroreflex 17 response
17 response 18 of
18 of 23 and
19 the 22 activity
20 peripheral 21 vasomotor
21 vasomotor 22 activity
22 activity 23 and
23 and 28 activity
24 a 28 activity
25 decreased 28 activity
26 cardiac 28 activity
27 parasympathetic 28 activity

furthermore , a decrease in c/a was found to be associated with atherosclerosis - based conditions , such as hypertension [,] diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 decrease
3 a 4 decrease
4 decrease 5 in
4 decrease 7 was
5 in 6 c/a
7 was 8 found
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 19 as
12 with 13 atherosclerosis
13 atherosclerosis 16 conditions
14 - 16 conditions
15 based 16 conditions
16 conditions 17 ,
18 such 19 as
19 as 24 and
20 hypertension 23 mellitus
22 diabetes 23 mellitus
23 mellitus 24 and
24 and 25 hyperlipidemia

none sexual dysfunction ( sd ) is devastating to a man 's ego and its presence could defeat his purpose of masculinity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 defeat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 none 3 dysfunction
1 none 8 devastating
1 none 17 could
2 sexual 3 dysfunction
3 dysfunction 5 sd
3 dysfunction 7 is
4 ( 5 sd
5 sd 6 )
7 is 8 devastating
8 devastating 9 to
9 to 14 and
10 a 11 man
11 man 12 's
12 's 13 ego
13 ego 14 and
14 and 16 presence
15 its 16 presence
17 could 18 defeat
18 defeat 20 purpose
19 his 20 purpose
20 purpose 21 of
21 of 22 masculinity

a number of studies have explored and reported on existing comorbidities between sd and medical conditions for which urological problems are no exception . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 7 and
2 number 14 and
3 of 4 studies
5 have 6 explored
5 have 7 and
7 and 8 reported
7 and 9 on
7 and 11 comorbidities
7 and 12 between
10 existing 11 comorbidities
12 between 13 sd
14 and 16 conditions
14 and 17 for
15 medical 16 conditions
17 for 18 which
17 for 20 problems
17 for 21 are
19 urological 20 problems
20 problems 21 are
21 are 23 exception
22 no 23 exception

however , in ghana there is paucity of data exploring the epidemiological , etiological and health associations of medical conditions with sd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 there
3 in 4 ghana
3 in 5 there
5 there 6 is
6 is 7 paucity
7 paucity 8 of
7 paucity 18 of
7 paucity 21 with
8 of 15 and
9 data 10 exploring
9 data 13 ,
10 exploring 12 epidemiological
11 the 12 epidemiological
13 , 14 etiological
13 , 15 and
15 and 17 associations
16 health 17 associations
18 of 20 conditions
19 medical 20 conditions
21 with 22 sd

this study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence , types and determinants of sd in a sample of ghanaian men with urological conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 5 conducted
4 therefore 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 12 and
7 determine 16 in
7 determine 22 with
8 the 12 and
9 prevalence 10 ,
10 , 11 types
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 determinants
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 sd
16 in 18 sample
17 a 18 sample
18 sample 19 of
19 of 21 men
20 ghanaian 21 men
22 with 24 conditions
23 urological 24 conditions

this descriptive cross - sectional study was carried out between december 2012 and april 2013 at the urology clinic of the tamale teaching hospital in the northern region of ghana . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 this 2 descriptive
2 descriptive 3 cross
4 - 6 study
4 - 8 carried
4 - 31 .
5 sectional 6 study
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 carried
8 carried 9 out
8 carried 10 between
8 carried 16 at
8 carried 25 in
10 between 13 and
11 december 12 2012
11 december 13 and
13 and 14 april
14 april 15 2013
16 at 19 clinic
17 the 19 clinic
18 urology 19 clinic
19 clinic 20 of
20 of 24 hospital
21 the 24 hospital
22 tamale 23 teaching
23 teaching 24 hospital
25 in 28 region
26 the 28 region
27 northern 28 region
28 region 29 of
29 of 30 ghana

a total of 200 participants were enrolled in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 enrolled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 were
3 of 5 participants
4 200 5 participants
6 were 7 enrolled
7 enrolled 8 in
8 in 10 study
9 the 10 study

all participants were evaluated by using a semistructured questionnaire and the golombok rust inventory of sexual satisfaction questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 by
5 by 6 using
6 using 10 and
7 a 9 questionnaire
8 semistructured 9 questionnaire
9 questionnaire 10 and
10 and 18 questionnaire
11 the 18 questionnaire
12 golombok 13 rust
13 rust 14 inventory
14 inventory 15 of
14 inventory 18 questionnaire
15 of 17 satisfaction
16 sexual 17 satisfaction

an overall response rate of 47.5 % was estimated after 69 patients refused to partake in the study ; 6 patients found the questionnaire too sensitive and refused to participate and 30 participants returned incomplete questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 an 2 overall
1 an 4 rate
2 overall 4 rate
3 response 4 rate
4 rate 5 of
4 rate 8 was
5 of 7 %
6 47.5 7 %
8 was 9 estimated
9 estimated 10 after
9 estimated 14 to
10 after 12 patients
10 after 13 refused
11 69 12 patients
12 patients 13 refused
14 to 15 partake
15 partake 16 in
16 in 18 study
17 the 18 study
19 ; 36 questionnaire
20 6 21 patients
21 patients 27 and
21 patients 31 and
22 found 24 questionnaire
22 found 25 too
22 found 26 sensitive
22 found 27 and
23 the 24 questionnaire
27 and 28 refused
28 refused 29 to
28 refused 30 participate
29 to 30 participate
31 and 33 participants
31 and 34 returned
32 30 33 participants
34 returned 36 questionnaire
35 incomplete 36 questionnaire

the mean age of the participants was 36.5±13.8 years and ranged from 18 to 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 10 and
4 of 6 participants
5 the 6 participants
7 was 9 years
7 was 10 and
8 36.5±13.8 9 years
10 and 11 ranged
10 and 12 from
12 from 16 years
13 18 14 to
14 to 15 70
14 to 16 years

the estimated prevalence of sd was 71.6 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 prevalence
2 estimated 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 6 was
4 of 5 sd
6 was 8 %
7 71.6 8 %

the prevalence of the various sd domains [was] [as] follows [:] [non] - sensuality ( 71.6 % ) , premature ejaculation ( 70.5 % ) , [non] - communication ( 69.5 % ) , impotence and infrequency ( 68.4 % ) , dissatisfaction ( 61.1 % ) and avoidance ( 57.9 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 follows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 10 follows
3 of 7 domains
4 the 7 domains
5 various 7 domains
6 sd 7 domains
13 - 14 sensuality
13 - 34 ,
14 sensuality 17 %
14 sensuality 21 ejaculation
14 sensuality 29 communication
15 ( 17 %
16 71.6 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 , 21 ejaculation
20 premature 21 ejaculation
21 ejaculation 24 %
21 ejaculation 26 ,
22 ( 24 %
23 70.5 24 %
24 % 25 )
28 - 29 communication
29 communication 32 %
29 communication 33 )
30 ( 32 %
31 69.5 32 %
32 % 33 )
34 , 48 and
35 impotence 36 and
36 and 37 infrequency
36 and 40 %
36 and 43 dissatisfaction
36 and 48 and
38 ( 40 %
39 68.4 40 %
40 % 41 )
42 , 43 dissatisfaction
43 dissatisfaction 46 %
43 dissatisfaction 47 )
44 ( 46 %
45 61.1 46 %
46 % 47 )
48 and 49 avoidance
48 and 52 %
50 ( 52 %
51 57.9 52 %
52 % 53 )

participants who were married , consumed alcoholic beverages , smoked cigarettes and aging males who had children were at a greater risk of developing sd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 smoked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 participants 2 who
1 participants 3 were
1 participants 8 beverages
1 participants 10 smoked
2 who 3 were
3 were 4 married
5 , 8 beverages
6 consumed 8 beverages
7 alcoholic 8 beverages
8 beverages 9 ,
10 smoked 11 cigarettes
12 and 13 aging
12 and 18 were
13 aging 14 males
13 aging 18 were
14 males 15 who
14 males 16 had
15 who 16 had
16 had 17 children
18 were 19 at
19 at 22 risk
20 a 22 risk
21 greater 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 24 developing
24 developing 25 sd

urologic patients have a high prevalence of sd that is dependent on marital status , alcohol consumption , smoking status and aged patients with children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 urologic 2 patients
2 patients 3 have
3 have 6 prevalence
3 have 12 on
3 have 24 with
4 a 6 prevalence
5 high 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
6 prevalence 9 that
6 prevalence 10 is
7 of 8 sd
9 that 10 is
10 is 11 dependent
12 on 21 and
13 marital 14 status
14 status 15 ,
15 , 17 consumption
15 , 18 ,
16 alcohol 17 consumption
18 , 20 status
18 , 21 and
19 smoking 20 status
21 and 23 patients
22 aged 23 patients
24 with 25 children

serotonin , or 5 - hydroxytryptamine ( 5 - ht ) , is found to be involved in many physiological or pathophysiological processes including cognitive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 serotonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 , 3 or
3 or 4 5
3 or 5 -
4 5 5 -
5 - 6 hydroxytryptamine
6 hydroxytryptamine 8 5
6 hydroxytryptamine 13 is
7 ( 8 5
8 5 10 ht
8 5 12 ,
9 - 10 ht
10 ht 11 )
13 is 14 found
14 found 15 to
14 found 21 or
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 involved
17 involved 18 in
18 in 19 many
20 physiological 21 or
21 or 26 function
22 pathophysiological 23 processes
23 processes 26 function
24 including 26 function
25 cognitive 26 function

seven distinct receptors ( 5 - ht1 - 7 ) , each with several subpopulations , have been identified for serotonin , which are different in terms of localization and downstream signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 receptors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 seven 3 receptors
2 distinct 3 receptors
3 receptors 6 -
3 receptors 17 have
4 ( 6 -
5 5 6 -
6 - 7 ht1
6 - 16 ,
7 ht1 9 7
7 ht1 12 each
8 - 9 7
9 7 10 )
11 , 12 each
12 each 13 with
12 each 16 ,
13 with 15 subpopulations
14 several 15 subpopulations
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 identified
19 identified 20 for
20 for 21 serotonin
22 , 23 which
22 , 24 are
23 which 24 are
24 are 25 different
25 different 26 in
26 in 30 and
27 terms 28 of
27 terms 30 and
28 of 29 localization
30 and 32 signaling
31 downstream 32 signaling

because of the development of selective agonists and antagonists for these receptors as well as transgenic animal models of cognitive disorders , our understanding of the role of serotonergic transmission in learning and memory has improved in recent years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 24 understanding
2 of 8 and
3 the 4 development
4 development 5 of
4 development 8 and
5 of 7 agonists
6 selective 7 agonists
8 and 9 antagonists
8 and 10 for
10 for 12 receptors
11 these 12 receptors
13 as 18 models
13 as 22 ,
13 as 24 understanding
14 well 18 models
15 as 16 transgenic
16 transgenic 17 animal
17 animal 18 models
18 models 19 of
19 of 21 disorders
20 cognitive 21 disorders
23 our 24 understanding
24 understanding 25 of
24 understanding 35 has
25 of 33 and
26 the 27 role
27 role 28 of
27 role 31 in
27 role 33 and
28 of 30 transmission
29 serotonergic 30 transmission
31 in 32 learning
33 and 34 memory
35 has 36 improved
36 improved 37 in
37 in 39 years
38 recent 39 years

a large body of evidence indicates the interplay between serotonergic transmission and other neurotransmitters including acetylcholine , dopamine , [γ] - aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) [and] glutamate , in the neurobiological control of learning and memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 a 3 body
2 large 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 6 indicates
4 of 5 evidence
6 indicates 16 acetylcholine
6 indicates 30 in
7 the 16 acetylcholine
8 interplay 9 between
8 interplay 12 and
9 between 11 transmission
10 serotonergic 11 transmission
12 and 14 neurotransmitters
12 and 16 acetylcholine
13 other 14 neurotransmitters
15 including 16 acetylcholine
16 acetylcholine 18 dopamine
16 acetylcholine 28 glutamate
17 , 18 dopamine
18 dopamine 19 ,
21 - 28 glutamate
22 aminobutyric 28 glutamate
23 acid 25 gaba
23 acid 28 glutamate
24 ( 25 gaba
25 gaba 26 )
28 glutamate 29 ,
30 in 36 and
31 the 33 control
32 neurobiological 33 control
33 control 34 of
33 control 36 and
34 of 35 learning
36 and 37 memory

in addition , there has been an alteration in the density of serotonergic receptors in aging and alzheimer 's disease , and serotonin modulators are found to alter the process of amyloidogenesis and exert cognitive - enhancing properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 8 alteration
7 an 8 alteration
8 alteration 9 in
8 alteration 12 of
9 in 11 density
10 the 11 density
12 of 14 receptors
13 serotonergic 14 receptors
14 receptors 15 in
15 in 16 aging
17 and 24 modulators
17 and 26 found
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease
20 disease 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 serotonin
22 and 24 modulators
24 modulators 25 are
25 are 26 found
26 found 27 to
27 to 33 and
28 alter 30 process
28 alter 33 and
29 the 30 process
30 process 31 of
31 of 32 amyloidogenesis
33 and 34 exert
34 exert 38 properties
35 cognitive 36 -
35 cognitive 38 properties
37 enhancing 38 properties

here , we discuss the serotonin - induced modulation of various systems involved in mnesic function including cholinergic , dopaminergic , gabaergic , glutamatergic transmissions as well as amyloidogenesis and intracellular pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 6 serotonin
5 the 6 serotonin
6 serotonin 9 modulation
7 - 9 modulation
8 induced 9 modulation
9 modulation 10 of
9 modulation 23 ,
10 of 12 systems
11 various 12 systems
12 systems 13 involved
12 systems 14 in
14 in 22 gabaergic
15 mnesic 16 function
16 function 22 gabaergic
17 including 22 gabaergic
18 cholinergic 19 ,
18 cholinergic 22 gabaergic
20 dopaminergic 21 ,
20 dopaminergic 22 gabaergic
23 , 30 and
24 glutamatergic 25 transmissions
25 transmissions 28 as
25 transmissions 30 and
26 as 27 well
27 well 28 as
28 as 29 amyloidogenesis
30 and 32 pathways
31 intracellular 32 pathways

none [the] [objective] of the present study was the comparative analysis of acoustic parameters of the voice in the subjects of different age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 none 4 of
1 none 7 study
4 of 7 study
5 the 7 study
6 present 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 11 analysis
9 the 11 analysis
10 comparative 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 of
12 of 14 parameters
13 acoustic 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 of
15 of 17 voice
16 the 17 voice
17 voice 18 in
17 voice 21 of
18 in 20 subjects
19 the 20 subjects
21 of 24 groups
22 different 23 age
23 age 24 groups

the phonetographic analysis involved 85 relatively healthy subjects ( 40 men and 45 women ) divided into two age - matched groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 analysis
2 phonetographic 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 involved
4 involved 8 subjects
5 85 8 subjects
6 relatively 7 healthy
7 healthy 8 subjects
8 subjects 12 and
9 ( 12 and
10 40 11 men
11 men 12 and
12 and 14 women
12 and 15 )
12 and 16 divided
12 and 20 -
13 45 14 women
16 divided 17 into
17 into 19 age
18 two 19 age
20 - 22 groups
21 matched 22 groups

group 1 included mature adults at the age of 43 - 59 years ( n=43 ) , group 2 was comprised of the aged and elderly persons ( 60 - 85 years , n=42 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 group 2 1
1 group 3 included
3 included 5 adults
3 included 6 at
4 mature 5 adults
6 at 8 age
7 the 8 age
8 age 9 of
8 age 15 n=43
9 of 13 years
10 43 11 -
11 - 12 59
11 - 13 years
14 ( 15 n=43
15 n=43 16 )
17 , 18 group
17 , 21 comprised
18 group 19 2
18 group 20 was
20 was 21 comprised
21 comprised 22 of
22 of 25 and
23 the 24 aged
24 aged 25 and
25 and 27 persons
25 and 29 60
25 and 32 years
26 elderly 27 persons
28 ( 29 60
29 60 30 -
30 - 32 years
31 85 32 years
32 years 34 n=42
32 years 36 .
33 , 34 n=42
34 n=42 35 )

it was shown that the frequency of the primary tone decreases with age not only in women but also in men even though the decrease is less pronounced in the latter group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 shown
3 shown 4 that
4 that 6 frequency
4 that 11 decreases
5 the 6 frequency
6 frequency 7 of
6 frequency 11 decreases
7 of 10 tone
8 the 10 tone
9 primary 10 tone
11 decreases 12 with
11 decreases 17 women
11 decreases 20 in
12 with 13 age
12 with 14 not
12 with 16 in
15 only 16 in
17 women 18 but
18 but 19 also
20 in 21 men
21 men 22 even
22 even 23 though
22 even 29 in
23 though 25 decrease
23 though 26 is
24 the 25 decrease
25 decrease 26 is
26 is 28 pronounced
27 less 28 pronounced
29 in 32 group
30 the 32 group
31 latter 32 group

the process of ageing is accompanied by the narrowing of the frequency and dynamic range of the voice , the increase of jitter , and the decrease in the strength of the voice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 process
2 process 3 of
2 process 5 is
3 of 4 ageing
5 is 6 accompanied
6 accompanied 7 by
6 accompanied 28 in
7 by 9 narrowing
8 the 9 narrowing
9 narrowing 10 of
10 of 25 and
11 the 12 frequency
12 frequency 13 and
13 and 15 range
13 and 16 of
13 and 25 and
14 dynamic 15 range
16 of 18 voice
17 the 18 voice
18 voice 21 increase
19 , 21 increase
20 the 21 increase
21 increase 22 of
21 increase 24 ,
22 of 23 jitter
25 and 27 decrease
26 the 27 decrease
28 in 30 strength
29 the 30 strength
30 strength 31 of
31 of 33 voice
32 the 33 voice

as a result , the dyshonia severity index ( dsi ) shifts toward negative values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 shifts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 8 index
2 a 3 result
5 the 8 index
6 dyshonia 8 index
7 severity 8 index
8 index 10 dsi
8 index 12 shifts
9 ( 10 dsi
10 dsi 11 )
12 shifts 13 toward
13 toward 15 values
14 negative 15 values

these changes are more pronounced in women compared with men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pronounced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 are
3 are 4 more
3 are 5 pronounced
5 pronounced 6 in
6 in 7 women
7 women 8 compared
8 compared 9 with
9 with 10 men

age - specific negative dynamics of maximum phonation time was not documented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 - 5 dynamics
3 specific 5 dynamics
4 negative 5 dynamics
5 dynamics 6 of
6 of 8 phonation
7 maximum 8 phonation
8 phonation 9 time
8 phonation 10 was
9 time 10 was
10 was 11 not
11 not 12 documented

background : data on the protein requirements of elderly adults are limited , because it is impractical to conduct repeated nitrogen balance protocols in these vulnerable humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 11 are
2 : 13 ,
3 data 4 on
3 data 8 of
3 data 11 are
4 on 7 requirements
5 the 7 requirements
6 protein 7 requirements
8 of 10 adults
9 elderly 10 adults
11 are 12 limited
13 , 22 balance
14 because 15 it
14 because 19 conduct
14 because 22 balance
15 it 16 is
16 is 17 impractical
17 impractical 18 to
18 to 19 conduct
19 conduct 21 nitrogen
20 repeated 21 nitrogen
22 balance 23 protocols
22 balance 24 in
24 in 27 humans
25 these 27 humans
26 vulnerable 27 humans

objective : this study was designed to determine the dietary protein requirement of elderly women by using the recently developed minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation ( iaao ) [technique] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 designed
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 designed
6 designed 7 to
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 12 requirement
8 determine 16 by
9 the 12 requirement
10 dietary 11 protein
11 protein 12 requirement
12 requirement 13 of
13 of 15 women
14 elderly 15 women
16 by 17 using
17 using 26 oxidation
18 the 26 oxidation
19 recently 20 developed
20 developed 23 indicator
21 minimally 22 invasive
22 invasive 23 indicator
23 indicator 26 oxidation
24 amino 25 acid
25 acid 26 oxidation
26 oxidation 28 iaao
27 ( 28 iaao
28 iaao 29 )

design : six white women aged 80 - 87 [y] [ mean ± sem : 82 ± 1 [y] and body mass index ( in [kg] / [m²] ) 26 ± 2 ] completed a 3 - d protocol 7 times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 5 women
2 : 6 aged
2 : 15 :
3 six 4 white
4 white 5 women
5 women 6 aged
6 aged 7 80
7 80 9 87
8 - 9 87
9 87 14 sem
9 87 15 :
11 [ 14 sem
12 mean 14 sem
13 ± 14 sem
14 sem 15 :
15 : 20 and
15 : 34 completed
16 82 17 ±
17 ± 18 1
17 ± 20 and
20 and 23 index
20 and 25 in
20 and 34 completed
21 body 23 index
22 mass 23 index
24 ( 25 in
25 in 31 ±
25 in 33 ]
27 / 29 )
27 / 31 ±
30 26 31 ±
31 ± 32 2
34 completed 39 protocol
34 completed 41 times
35 a 39 protocol
36 3 37 -
37 - 38 d
37 - 39 protocol
40 7 41 times

each woman consumed an adaptation diet for 2 d and on day 3 consumed a complete test diet with a crystalline amino acid mixture containing 1 of 7 protein intakes ( 0.1 , 0.3 , 0.6 , 0.9 , 1.2 , 1.5 , or 1.8 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ ) tested randomly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 woman
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consumed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 each 2 woman
2 woman 3 consumed
3 consumed 6 diet
4 an 5 adaptation
4 an 6 diet
5 adaptation 6 diet
6 diet 10 and
6 diet 13 3
6 diet 14 consumed
7 for 9 d
7 for 10 and
8 2 9 d
10 and 11 on
11 on 12 day
13 3 14 consumed
14 consumed 44 or
15 a 16 complete
15 a 18 diet
16 complete 17 test
17 test 18 diet
18 diet 19 with
18 diet 25 containing
18 diet 44 or
19 with 24 mixture
20 a 21 crystalline
20 a 24 mixture
21 crystalline 22 amino
22 amino 24 mixture
23 acid 24 mixture
25 containing 26 1
26 1 27 of
26 1 38 0.9
26 1 40 1.2
27 of 30 intakes
28 7 30 intakes
29 protein 30 intakes
30 intakes 32 0.1
30 intakes 34 0.3
31 ( 32 0.1
32 0.1 33 ,
33 , 34 0.3
34 0.3 36 0.6
34 0.3 37 ,
35 , 36 0.6
36 0.6 37 ,
37 , 38 0.9
38 0.9 39 ,
39 , 40 1.2
40 1.2 42 1.5
40 1.2 43 ,
41 , 42 1.5
42 1.5 43 ,
43 , 44 or
44 or 50 d⁻¹
44 or 51 )
44 or 52 tested
45 1.8 46 g
46 g 48 kg⁻¹
47 · 48 kg⁻¹
48 kg⁻¹ 50 d⁻¹
49 · 50 d⁻¹
52 tested 53 randomly

a group - based protein requirement was assessed by using a nonlinear mixed model of protein intake and l - [ 1 - ¹³c ]phenylalanine oxidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 a 2 group
3 - 5 protein
3 - 8 assessed
3 - 27 .
4 based 5 protein
5 protein 6 requirement
5 protein 7 was
5 protein 8 assessed
6 requirement 7 was
8 assessed 9 by
8 assessed 18 and
8 assessed 24 ¹³c
9 by 10 using
10 using 14 model
11 a 12 nonlinear
11 a 14 model
12 nonlinear 14 model
13 mixed 14 model
14 model 15 of
15 of 16 protein
17 intake 18 and
18 and 19 l
18 and 20 -
18 and 22 1
18 and 24 ¹³c
21 [ 22 1
22 1 23 -
24 ¹³c 26 oxidation
25 ]phenylalanine 26 oxidation

the breakpoint , at which there was no further decline in the rate [of] appearance of ¹³c in the breath , was used as an index of the mean protein requirement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 breakpoint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 breakpoint
2 breakpoint 4 at
2 breakpoint 22 was
3 , 4 at
4 at 5 which
4 at 6 there
4 at 7 was
4 at 21 ,
6 there 7 was
7 was 10 decline
8 no 10 decline
9 further 10 decline
10 decline 11 in
11 in 15 appearance
12 the 15 appearance
13 rate 15 appearance
15 appearance 16 of
16 of 17 ¹³c
17 ¹³c 18 in
18 in 20 breath
19 the 20 breath
22 was 23 used
23 used 24 as
24 as 26 index
25 an 26 index
26 index 27 of
27 of 31 requirement
28 the 31 requirement
29 mean 30 protein
30 protein 31 requirement

results : the mean protein requirement ( 95 % ci ) was 0.85 ( 0.60 , 1.09 [ )(g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 6 requirement
2 : 12 was
2 : 16 ,
3 the 6 requirement
4 mean 5 protein
5 protein 6 requirement
6 requirement 10 ci
6 requirement 12 was
7 ( 10 ci
8 95 10 ci
9 % 10 ci
10 ci 11 )
12 was 13 0.85
13 0.85 15 0.60
14 ( 15 0.60
15 0.60 16 ,
16 , 19 )(g
16 , 20 ·
17 1.09 19 )(g
19 )(g 20 ·
20 · 23 d⁻¹
21 kg⁻¹ 23 d⁻¹
22 · 23 d⁻¹

this requirement is 29 % higher than the current estimated average requirement ( ear ) for adults of 0.66 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ based on the nitrogen balance technique , although the 95 % ci includes the current ear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 requirement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 this 2 requirement
2 requirement 3 is
3 is 5 %
4 29 5 %
5 % 6 higher
5 % 18 of
6 higher 7 than
6 higher 16 for
7 than 12 requirement
8 the 12 requirement
9 current 12 requirement
10 estimated 11 average
11 average 12 requirement
12 requirement 14 ear
13 ( 14 ear
14 ear 15 )
16 for 17 adults
18 of 23 ·
19 0.66 20 g
20 g 22 kg⁻¹
21 · 22 kg⁻¹
22 kg⁻¹ 23 ·
23 · 24 d⁻¹
23 · 25 based
24 d⁻¹ 25 based
25 based 26 on
26 on 30 technique
27 the 30 technique
28 nitrogen 29 balance
29 balance 30 technique
31 , 36 ci
31 , 37 includes
32 although 35 %
32 although 36 ci
33 the 35 %
34 95 35 %
36 ci 37 includes
37 includes 40 ear
38 the 40 ear
39 current 40 ear

conclusions : notwithstanding uncertainty about the validity of the use of the iaao technique to assess protein requirements , the results of this study with octogenarian women suggest that the current ear and rda for elderly women may be underestimated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 21 results
2 : 28 suggest
3 notwithstanding 4 uncertainty
3 notwithstanding 19 ,
3 notwithstanding 21 results
4 uncertainty 5 about
4 uncertainty 8 of
4 uncertainty 11 of
4 uncertainty 15 to
4 uncertainty 16 assess
5 about 7 validity
6 the 7 validity
8 of 10 use
9 the 10 use
11 of 14 technique
12 the 14 technique
13 iaao 14 technique
15 to 16 assess
16 assess 18 requirements
17 protein 18 requirements
20 the 21 results
21 results 22 of
21 results 28 suggest
22 of 24 study
23 this 24 study
24 study 25 with
25 with 27 women
26 octogenarian 27 women
28 suggest 29 that
29 that 34 rda
29 that 40 underestimated
30 the 31 current
31 current 34 rda
32 ear 33 and
33 and 34 rda
34 rda 35 for
34 rda 38 may
35 for 37 women
36 elderly 37 women
38 may 39 be
39 be 40 underestimated

the limitations of this short - term [,] noninvasive method underscore the need for new research that uses alternative experimental designs and measuring physiologic , morphologic , and health - related outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 limitations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 underscore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 limitations
2 limitations 3 of
2 limitations 11 underscore
3 of 10 method
4 this 10 method
5 short 6 -
5 short 7 term
7 term 10 method
9 noninvasive 10 method
11 underscore 22 and
12 the 22 and
13 need 14 for
13 need 22 and
14 for 16 research
15 new 16 research
16 research 17 that
16 research 18 uses
17 that 18 uses
18 uses 21 designs
19 alternative 21 designs
20 experimental 21 designs
22 and 32 outcomes
23 measuring 32 outcomes
24 physiologic 25 ,
24 physiologic 32 outcomes
26 morphologic 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 health
28 and 30 -
28 and 31 related
28 and 32 outcomes

wrn protein , defective in werner [syndrome] ( ws ) , a human segmental progeria , is a target of serine/threonine kinases involved in sensing dna damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 wrn 2 protein
2 protein 4 defective
2 protein 15 progeria
2 protein 17 is
3 , 4 defective
4 defective 5 in
4 defective 10 )
5 in 6 werner
6 werner 9 ws
8 ( 9 ws
9 ws 10 )
11 , 15 progeria
12 a 13 human
12 a 15 progeria
13 human 15 progeria
14 segmental 15 progeria
15 progeria 16 ,
17 is 19 target
17 is 24 in
18 a 19 target
19 target 20 of
20 of 22 kinases
21 serine/threonine 22 kinases
22 kinases 23 involved
24 in 25 sensing
25 sensing 27 damage
26 dna 27 damage

dna - pk phosphorylates wrn in response to dna double strand breaks ( dsbs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 phosphorylates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 dna 2 -
1 dna 3 pk
3 pk 4 phosphorylates
4 phosphorylates 5 wrn
4 phosphorylates 8 to
6 in 7 response
7 response 8 to
8 to 12 breaks
9 dna 12 breaks
10 double 11 strand
11 strand 12 breaks
12 breaks 14 dsbs
13 ( 14 dsbs
14 dsbs 15 )

however , the main phosphorylation sites and functional importance of the phosphorylation of wrn has remained unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 and
3 the 4 main
3 the 6 sites
5 phosphorylation 6 sites
6 sites 7 and
7 and 8 functional
7 and 9 importance
7 and 15 has
7 and 16 remained
9 importance 10 of
9 importance 13 of
9 importance 15 has
10 of 12 phosphorylation
11 the 12 phosphorylation
13 of 14 wrn
16 remained 17 unclear

here , we identify ser - 440 and - 467 in wrn as major phosphorylation sites mediated by dna - pk.in [vitro] , dna - pk fails to phosphorylate a gst - wrn fragment with s440a [and/or] s467a substitution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identify
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 identify
4 identify 5 ser
5 ser 16 sites
6 - 16 sites
7 440 8 and
8 and 10 467
8 and 11 in
9 - 10 467
11 in 16 sites
12 wrn 16 sites
13 as 14 major
14 major 15 phosphorylation
15 phosphorylation 16 sites
16 sites 17 mediated
16 sites 26 pk
16 sites 27 fails
16 sites 40 .
17 mediated 18 by
18 by 19 dna
19 dna 24 dna
20 - 24 dna
21 pk.in 24 dna
23 , 24 dna
24 dna 25 -
26 pk 27 fails
27 fails 28 to
27 fails 35 with
28 to 29 phosphorylate
29 phosphorylate 34 fragment
30 a 34 fragment
31 gst 33 wrn
32 - 33 wrn
33 wrn 34 fragment
35 with 39 substitution
36 s440a 38 s467a
38 s467a 39 substitution

in addition , full length wrn with the mutation expressed in 293 t cells was not phosphorylated in response to dsbs produced by bleomycin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 wrn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 wrn
4 full 6 wrn
5 length 6 wrn
6 wrn 7 with
6 wrn 15 was
7 with 9 mutation
8 the 9 mutation
9 mutation 10 expressed
10 expressed 11 in
11 in 14 cells
12 293 13 t
13 t 14 cells
15 was 16 not
15 was 20 to
16 not 17 phosphorylated
18 in 19 response
19 response 20 to
20 to 21 dsbs
21 dsbs 22 produced
22 produced 23 by
23 by 24 bleomycin

accumulation of the mutant wrn at the site of laser [-] induced dsbs occurred with the same kinetics as wild type wrn in live hela cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 accumulation 2 of
1 accumulation 9 of
1 accumulation 14 occurred
2 of 5 wrn
3 the 4 mutant
4 mutant 5 wrn
5 wrn 6 at
6 at 8 site
7 the 8 site
9 of 13 dsbs
10 laser 12 induced
12 induced 13 dsbs
14 occurred 15 with
14 occurred 19 as
14 occurred 23 in
15 with 18 kinetics
16 the 17 same
17 same 18 kinetics
19 as 22 wrn
20 wild 21 type
21 type 22 wrn
23 in 26 cells
24 live 26 cells
25 hela 26 cells

while the wild type wrn relocalized to the nucleoli after 24 hours recovery from etoposide - induced dsbs , the mutant wrn remained mostly in the nucleoplasm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 wrn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 while 5 wrn
1 while 19 ,
1 while 22 wrn
2 the 5 wrn
3 wild 5 wrn
4 type 5 wrn
5 wrn 6 relocalized
6 relocalized 7 to
6 relocalized 10 after
6 relocalized 14 from
7 to 9 nucleoli
8 the 9 nucleoli
10 after 13 recovery
11 24 12 hours
12 hours 13 recovery
14 from 18 dsbs
15 etoposide 16 -
15 etoposide 18 dsbs
17 induced 18 dsbs
20 the 21 mutant
21 mutant 22 wrn
22 wrn 23 remained
23 remained 24 mostly
24 mostly 25 in
25 in 27 nucleoplasm
26 the 27 nucleoplasm

consistent with this , ws cells expressing the mutants exhibited less dna repair efficiency and more sensitivity [to] etoposide , compared to those expressing wild [type] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibited
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 4 ,
1 consistent 6 cells
2 with 3 this
5 ws 6 cells
6 cells 7 expressing
6 cells 10 exhibited
7 expressing 9 mutants
8 the 9 mutants
10 exhibited 17 sensitivity
11 less 17 sensitivity
12 dna 14 efficiency
13 repair 14 efficiency
14 efficiency 15 and
15 and 16 more
15 and 17 sensitivity
17 sensitivity 19 etoposide
19 etoposide 21 compared
20 , 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
21 compared 25 wild
21 compared 27 .
22 to 23 those
23 those 24 expressing

our findings indicate that phosphorylation of ser - 440 and - 467 in wrn are important for relocalization of wrn to nucleoli , and that it is required for efficient dsb repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 5 phosphorylation
4 that 5 phosphorylation
5 phosphorylation 6 of
6 of 7 ser
8 - 10 and
9 440 10 and
10 and 12 467
10 and 17 for
10 and 19 of
11 - 12 467
12 467 13 in
13 in 14 wrn
14 wrn 15 are
15 are 16 important
17 for 18 relocalization
19 of 20 wrn
20 wrn 21 to
21 to 24 and
22 nucleoli 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 that
24 and 26 it
24 and 32 repair
26 it 27 is
27 is 28 required
28 required 29 for
29 for 31 dsb
30 efficient 31 dsb
31 dsb 32 repair

background : genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) have discovered genetic variants that predispose individuals to asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 genome
4 - 7 studies
4 - 12 discovered
4 - 20 .
5 wide 6 association
6 association 7 studies
7 studies 9 gwas
7 studies 11 have
8 ( 9 gwas
9 gwas 10 )
11 have 12 discovered
12 discovered 14 variants
13 genetic 14 variants
14 variants 15 that
14 variants 16 predispose
15 that 16 predispose
16 predispose 17 individuals
16 predispose 18 to
18 to 19 asthma

to integrate these new discoveries with emerging models of asthma pathobiology , we aimed to test how genetic discoveries relate to developmental and biological characteristics of asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 integrate
2 integrate 5 discoveries
3 these 5 discoveries
4 new 5 discoveries
5 discoveries 6 with
5 discoveries 9 of
6 with 7 emerging
7 emerging 8 models
9 of 11 pathobiology
10 asthma 11 pathobiology
12 , 13 we
12 , 14 aimed
13 we 14 aimed
14 aimed 15 to
15 to 16 test
16 test 17 how
17 how 19 discoveries
17 how 20 relate
18 genetic 19 discoveries
19 discoveries 20 relate
20 relate 21 to
21 to 25 characteristics
22 developmental 23 and
23 and 24 biological
23 and 25 characteristics
25 characteristics 26 of
26 of 27 asthma

methods : in this prospective longitudinal study , we investigated a multilocus profile of genetic risk derived from published gwas of asthma case status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 study
4 this 7 study
5 prospective 7 study
6 longitudinal 7 study
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 investigated
9 we 10 investigated
10 investigated 13 profile
10 investigated 18 from
11 a 13 profile
12 multilocus 13 profile
13 profile 14 of
14 of 16 risk
15 genetic 16 risk
16 risk 17 derived
18 from 20 gwas
19 published 20 gwas
20 gwas 21 of
21 of 24 status
22 asthma 23 case
23 case 24 status

we then tested associations between this genetic risk score and developmental and biological characteristics of asthma in participants enrolled in a population - based long - running birth cohort , the dunedin multidisciplinary health and development study ( n=1037 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 we 3 tested
2 then 3 tested
3 tested 12 and
3 tested 19 enrolled
4 associations 5 between
4 associations 10 and
5 between 9 score
6 this 9 score
7 genetic 9 score
8 risk 9 score
10 and 11 developmental
10 and 12 and
12 and 14 characteristics
12 and 15 of
12 and 19 enrolled
13 biological 14 characteristics
15 of 16 asthma
16 asthma 17 in
17 in 18 participants
19 enrolled 20 in
19 enrolled 24 based
20 in 22 population
21 a 22 population
23 - 24 based
24 based 25 long
24 based 26 -
26 - 29 cohort
26 - 30 ,
26 - 41 .
27 running 28 birth
28 birth 29 cohort
30 , 35 and
31 the 34 health
32 dunedin 33 multidisciplinary
33 multidisciplinary 34 health
34 health 35 and
35 and 37 study
35 and 39 n=1037
36 development 37 study
38 ( 39 n=1037
39 n=1037 40 )

we used data on asthma onset [,] asthma persistence , atopy , airway hyper - responsiveness , incompletely reversible airflow obstruction , and asthma - related school and work absenteeism and hospital admissions obtained during nine prospective assessments spanning the ages of 9 to 38 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 3 data
3 data 4 on
3 data 16 responsiveness
4 on 9 persistence
5 asthma 6 onset
6 onset 9 persistence
8 asthma 9 persistence
10 , 16 responsiveness
11 atopy 14 hyper
11 atopy 16 responsiveness
12 , 14 hyper
13 airway 14 hyper
14 hyper 15 -
16 responsiveness 23 and
16 responsiveness 25 -
17 , 23 and
18 incompletely 19 reversible
19 reversible 20 airflow
20 airflow 21 obstruction
21 obstruction 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 asthma
23 and 25 -
25 - 26 related
26 related 31 and
27 school 28 and
28 and 30 absenteeism
28 and 31 and
29 work 30 absenteeism
31 and 33 admissions
31 and 42 of
32 hospital 33 admissions
33 admissions 34 obtained
33 admissions 35 during
35 during 38 assessments
36 nine 38 assessments
37 prospective 38 assessments
38 assessments 39 spanning
39 spanning 41 ages
40 the 41 ages
42 of 46 years
43 9 44 to
44 to 45 38
44 to 46 years

analyses included cohort members of european descent from whom genetic data had been obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 analyses 2 included
2 included 4 members
3 cohort 4 members
4 members 5 of
5 of 7 descent
6 european 7 descent
7 descent 8 from
8 from 9 whom
8 from 11 data
8 from 14 obtained
10 genetic 11 data
11 data 12 had
12 had 13 been
13 been 14 obtained

findings : of the 880 cohort members included in our analysis , those at higher genetic risk developed asthma earlier in life than did those with lower genetic risk ( hazard [ratio] [ hr ] 1·12 , 95 % ci 1·01 - 1·26 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 findings 2 :
2 : 3 of
2 : 9 in
3 of 7 members
4 the 5 880
5 880 7 members
6 cohort 7 members
7 members 8 included
9 in 11 analysis
10 our 11 analysis
12 , 13 those
12 , 18 developed
12 , 23 than
13 those 14 at
13 those 18 developed
14 at 17 risk
15 higher 17 risk
16 genetic 17 risk
18 developed 19 asthma
19 asthma 20 earlier
19 asthma 21 in
21 in 22 life
23 than 24 did
23 than 36 1·12
24 did 25 those
24 did 36 1·12
25 those 26 with
26 with 29 risk
27 lower 29 risk
28 genetic 29 risk
29 risk 31 hazard
30 ( 31 hazard
31 hazard 34 hr
31 hazard 35 ]
33 [ 34 hr
34 hr 35 ]
36 1·12 42 -
37 , 42 -
38 95 39 %
39 % 41 1·01
40 ci 41 1·01
41 1·01 42 -
42 - 43 1·26
42 - 44 )

of cohort members with childhood - onset asthma , those with higher genetic risk were more likely to develop life - course - persistent asthma than were those with a lower genetic risk ( relative risk [ rr []] 1·36 , 95 % ci 1·14 - 1·63 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 of 3 members
1 of 9 ,
1 of 10 those
2 cohort 3 members
3 members 4 with
3 members 8 asthma
4 with 5 childhood
6 - 8 asthma
7 onset 8 asthma
8 asthma 9 ,
10 those 11 with
10 those 15 were
11 with 14 risk
12 higher 14 risk
13 genetic 14 risk
15 were 17 likely
16 more 17 likely
17 likely 18 to
17 likely 19 develop
18 to 19 develop
19 develop 20 life
21 - 22 course
21 - 23 -
23 - 25 asthma
23 - 27 were
23 - 49 .
24 persistent 25 asthma
25 asthma 27 were
26 than 27 were
27 were 28 those
28 those 29 with
29 with 33 risk
30 a 33 risk
31 lower 33 risk
32 genetic 33 risk
33 risk 36 risk
33 risk 45 1·14
34 ( 36 risk
35 relative 36 risk
36 risk 40 1·36
36 risk 41 ,
37 [ 40 1·36
38 rr 40 1·36
40 1·36 41 ,
41 , 45 1·14
42 95 43 %
43 % 45 1·14
44 ci 45 1·14
45 1·14 47 1·63
45 1·14 48 )
46 - 47 1·63
47 1·63 48 )

participants with asthma at higher genetic risk more often had atopy ( rr 1·07 , 1·01 - 1·14 ) , airway hyper - responsiveness ( rr 1·16 , 1·03 - 1·32 ) , and incompletely reversible airflow obstruction ( rr 1·28 , 1·04 - 1·57 ) than did those with a lower genetic risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 participants 2 with
1 participants 4 at
1 participants 10 had
2 with 3 asthma
4 at 7 risk
5 higher 7 risk
6 genetic 7 risk
8 more 9 often
9 often 10 had
10 had 24 responsiveness
11 atopy 22 hyper
11 atopy 24 responsiveness
12 ( 22 hyper
13 rr 22 hyper
14 1·07 15 ,
14 1·07 21 airway
16 1·01 18 1·14
16 1·01 20 ,
16 1·01 21 airway
17 - 18 1·14
18 1·14 19 )
21 airway 22 hyper
22 hyper 23 -
24 responsiveness 27 1·16
24 responsiveness 29 1·03
25 ( 27 1·16
26 rr 27 1·16
27 1·16 28 ,
28 , 29 1·03
29 1·03 31 1·32
29 1·03 33 ,
30 - 31 1·32
31 1·32 32 )
34 and 38 obstruction
34 and 48 did
35 incompletely 38 obstruction
36 reversible 38 obstruction
37 airflow 38 obstruction
38 obstruction 41 1·28
38 obstruction 45 1·57
38 obstruction 48 did
39 ( 41 1·28
40 rr 41 1·28
41 1·28 42 ,
42 , 45 1·57
43 1·04 44 -
43 1·04 45 1·57
45 1·57 46 )
47 than 48 did
48 did 49 those
48 did 50 with
50 with 54 risk
51 a 54 risk
52 lower 54 risk
53 genetic 54 risk

they were also more likely to miss school or work ( incident rate ratio 1·38 , 1·02 - 1·86 ) and be admitted to hospital [(] hr 1·38 , 1·07 - 1·79 ) because of asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 also
2 were 5 likely
4 more 5 likely
5 likely 6 to
5 likely 9 or
6 to 9 or
7 miss 8 school
7 miss 9 or
9 or 21 and
10 work 18 -
10 work 21 and
11 ( 18 -
12 incident 14 ratio
13 rate 14 ratio
14 ratio 17 1·02
15 1·38 16 ,
15 1·38 17 1·02
17 1·02 18 -
18 - 19 1·86
18 - 20 )
21 and 22 be
22 be 23 admitted
23 admitted 24 to
23 admitted 34 because
24 to 28 1·38
25 hospital 28 1·38
27 hr 28 1·38
28 1·38 32 1·79
29 , 32 1·79
30 1·07 31 -
30 1·07 32 1·79
32 1·79 33 )
34 because 35 of
35 of 36 asthma

genotypic information about asthma risk was [independent] of and additive to information derived from cohort members ' family histories of asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 genotypic 2 information
2 information 3 about
2 information 9 and
3 about 4 asthma
4 asthma 5 risk
4 asthma 8 of
5 risk 6 was
6 was 8 of
9 and 10 additive
9 and 11 to
11 to 12 information
12 information 13 derived
13 derived 14 from
14 from 19 histories
15 cohort 16 members
16 members 17 '
17 ' 19 histories
18 family 19 histories
19 histories 20 of
20 of 21 asthma

interpretation : our findings confirm that gwas discoveries for asthma are associated with a childhood - onset phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 confirm
2 : 16 -
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 confirm
5 confirm 6 that
6 that 8 discoveries
6 that 12 associated
7 gwas 8 discoveries
8 discoveries 9 for
8 discoveries 11 are
9 for 10 asthma
11 are 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 childhood
14 a 15 childhood
16 - 18 phenotype
16 - 19 .
17 onset 18 phenotype

genetic risk assessments might be able to predict which childhood - onset asthma cases remit and which become life - course - persistent , who might develop impaired lung function , and the burden of asthma in terms of missed school and work and hospital admissions , [although] these predictions are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to support immediate clinical translation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 genetic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 genetic 5 be
1 genetic 7 to
2 risk 3 assessments
3 assessments 4 might
4 might 5 be
5 be 6 able
7 to 8 predict
8 predict 9 which
9 which 10 childhood
11 - 14 cases
11 - 16 and
11 - 20 -
12 onset 13 asthma
13 asthma 14 cases
14 cases 15 remit
16 and 17 which
16 and 18 become
17 which 18 become
18 become 19 life
20 - 21 course
21 course 23 persistent
21 course 25 who
22 - 23 persistent
23 persistent 24 ,
24 , 25 who
25 who 26 might
26 might 27 develop
27 develop 32 and
27 develop 37 in
28 impaired 30 function
29 lung 30 function
30 function 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 burden
33 the 34 burden
34 burden 35 of
35 of 36 asthma
37 in 38 terms
38 terms 39 of
39 of 46 admissions
40 missed 41 school
41 school 42 and
42 and 43 work
42 and 44 and
44 and 45 hospital
44 and 46 admissions
46 admissions 55 or
47 , 55 or
49 these 50 predictions
50 predictions 51 are
51 are 52 not
52 not 53 sufficiently
53 sufficiently 54 sensitive
54 sensitive 55 or
55 or 56 specific
55 or 62 .
56 specific 57 to
57 to 58 support
58 support 61 translation
59 immediate 61 translation
60 clinical 61 translation

funding : us national institute on aging and uk medical research council . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 funding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 funding 2 :
2 : 5 institute
3 us 4 national
4 national 5 institute
5 institute 6 on
6 on 8 and
7 aging 8 and
8 and 12 council
9 uk 10 medical
10 medical 11 research
11 research 12 council

background : obesity is a complex multifactorial disease , which also has an impact on quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 obesity
2 : 4 is
2 : 9 ,
2 : 19 .
3 obesity 4 is
4 is 8 disease
5 a 6 complex
5 a 8 disease
6 complex 8 disease
7 multifactorial 8 disease
9 , 10 which
9 , 12 has
10 which 12 has
11 also 12 has
12 has 14 impact
12 has 15 on
13 an 14 impact
15 on 16 quality
16 quality 17 of
17 of 18 life

the aim of this paper is to identify the [correlates] [of] perceived health related quality of life in obese , overweight and normal weight italians older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 5 paper
2 aim 8 identify
2 aim 14 related
3 of 4 this
5 paper 6 is
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 identify
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 13 health
9 the 13 health
12 perceived 13 health
14 related 15 quality
15 quality 16 of
16 of 17 life
17 life 18 in
18 in 27 adults
19 obese 20 ,
20 , 21 overweight
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 normal
22 and 24 weight
24 weight 25 italians
25 italians 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

a protocol of questionnaires was constructed for data [collection] , and included domains such as physical activity , quality of life , socio - psychological aspects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protocol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 protocol
2 protocol 3 of
2 protocol 11 and
3 of 4 questionnaires
5 was 6 constructed
5 was 11 and
6 constructed 7 for
7 for 8 data
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 included
11 and 13 domains
13 domains 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 17 activity
16 physical 17 activity
17 activity 19 quality
18 , 19 quality
19 quality 20 of
19 quality 22 ,
20 of 21 life
22 , 26 aspects
23 socio 24 -
23 socio 26 aspects
25 psychological 26 aspects

the association of the latter variables with sf - 36 health survey physical component [(] pcs - 36 ) were evaluated in the whole sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 16 pcs
2 association 20 were
3 of 6 variables
4 the 6 variables
5 latter 6 variables
6 variables 7 with
7 with 8 sf
9 - 16 pcs
10 36 11 health
11 health 12 survey
12 survey 14 component
13 physical 14 component
14 component 16 pcs
16 pcs 18 36
16 pcs 19 )
17 - 18 36
18 36 19 )
20 were 21 evaluated
21 evaluated 22 in
22 in 25 sample
23 the 25 sample
24 whole 25 sample

multiple linear regression models were used to assess the effect of independent variables on pcs - [36] and the physical subscales of sf - 36 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
1 multiple 3 regression
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 effect
8 assess 14 on
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 13 variables
12 independent 13 variables
14 on 18 and
15 pcs 18 and
16 - 18 and
18 and 21 subscales
19 the 21 subscales
20 physical 21 subscales
21 subscales 22 of
22 of 23 sf
23 sf 25 36
24 - 25 36
25 36 26 .

results : pcs - 36 showed a lower score in the obese and overweight subjects than the normal weight group ( post - [hoc] test , p < 0.001 [and] p < 0.05 [respectively] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 pcs
4 - 5 36
4 - 6 showed
5 36 6 showed
6 showed 9 score
6 showed 10 in
6 showed 16 than
7 a 9 score
8 lower 9 score
10 in 15 subjects
11 the 15 subjects
12 obese 13 and
13 and 14 overweight
13 and 15 subjects
16 than 20 group
16 than 25 test
17 the 20 group
18 normal 19 weight
19 weight 20 group
20 group 22 post
20 group 25 test
21 ( 22 post
22 post 23 -
25 test 28 <
25 test 32 <
26 , 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.05
32 < 35 )

age , [gender] ( male ) , body mass index , years of education , physical activity scale for the elderly ( pase ) total score , hospital anxiety and depression scale anxiety , hospital anxiety and depression scale depression , number of medications prescribed and number of diseases were included in the model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
2 , 30 and
2 , 51 included
4 ( 5 male
5 male 6 )
5 male 30 and
7 , 8 body
8 body 30 and
9 mass 10 index
10 index 11 ,
11 , 12 years
11 , 15 ,
12 years 13 of
13 of 14 education
15 , 26 score
15 , 27 ,
16 physical 26 score
17 activity 18 scale
18 scale 19 for
18 scale 26 score
19 for 23 pase
20 the 23 pase
21 elderly 23 pase
22 ( 23 pase
23 pase 24 )
25 total 26 score
27 , 29 anxiety
27 , 30 and
28 hospital 29 anxiety
30 and 42 number
30 and 43 of
30 and 50 were
31 depression 32 scale
32 scale 33 anxiety
33 anxiety 34 ,
34 , 36 anxiety
34 , 37 and
35 hospital 36 anxiety
37 and 40 depression
37 and 41 ,
37 and 42 number
38 depression 39 scale
39 scale 40 depression
43 of 46 and
44 medications 45 prescribed
44 medications 46 and
46 and 47 number
47 number 48 of
48 of 49 diseases
50 were 51 included
51 included 52 in
52 in 54 model
53 the 54 model

negative and significant pcs - associated variables included depression ( p = 0.009 ) , bmi ( p = 0.001 ) , age in years ( p = 0.007 ) , whereas positive and significant pcs - associated independent variables were years of education ( p = 0.022 ) , physical activity ( p = 0.026 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 negative 2 and
2 and 4 pcs
2 and 5 -
2 and 6 associated
3 significant 4 pcs
6 associated 9 depression
7 variables 8 included
8 included 9 depression
9 depression 12 =
9 depression 16 bmi
10 ( 12 =
11 p 12 =
12 = 13 0.009
12 = 14 )
15 , 16 bmi
16 bmi 19 =
16 bmi 23 age
16 bmi 30 )
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.001
19 = 21 )
22 , 23 age
23 age 24 in
23 age 28 =
23 age 30 )
24 in 25 years
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.007
28 = 30 )
31 , 40 variables
31 , 41 were
32 whereas 36 pcs
32 whereas 37 -
32 whereas 40 variables
33 positive 34 and
34 and 35 significant
34 and 36 pcs
38 associated 40 variables
39 independent 40 variables
40 variables 41 were
41 were 42 years
42 years 43 of
42 years 52 activity
43 of 44 education
44 education 47 =
45 ( 47 =
46 p 47 =
47 = 48 0.022
47 = 49 )
50 , 52 activity
51 physical 52 activity
52 activity 55 =
52 activity 57 )
53 ( 55 =
54 p 55 =
55 = 56 0.026

bmi was negatively associated with all the physical subscales of sf - 36 ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 bmi 2 was
2 was 3 negatively
2 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 6 all
6 all 7 the
6 all 9 subscales
7 the 9 subscales
8 physical 9 subscales
9 subscales 10 of
10 of 11 sf
11 sf 13 36
12 - 13 36
13 36 16 <
13 36 18 )
14 ( 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 17 0.05

conclusions : research funding should be invested in the study of the benefits accruing from reducing obesity in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 research
3 research 4 funding
3 research 16 reducing
4 funding 5 should
5 should 6 be
6 be 7 invested
7 invested 8 in
7 invested 15 from
8 in 10 study
9 the 10 study
10 study 11 of
10 study 14 accruing
11 of 13 benefits
12 the 13 benefits
15 from 16 reducing
16 reducing 17 obesity
17 obesity 18 in
18 in 20 elderly
19 the 20 elderly

synaptic impairment [rather] than neuronal loss may be the leading cause of cognitive dysfunction in brain aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 synaptic 2 impairment
4 than 6 loss
4 than 8 be
5 neuronal 6 loss
6 loss 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 11 cause
9 the 11 cause
10 leading 11 cause
11 cause 12 of
12 of 14 dysfunction
13 cognitive 14 dysfunction
14 dysfunction 15 in
15 in 16 brain
16 brain 17 aging

certain small rho - gtpases are involved in synaptic plasticity , and their dysfunction is associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 certain 3 rho
2 small 3 rho
4 - 5 gtpases
4 - 7 involved
4 - 12 and
4 - 22 .
5 gtpases 6 are
6 are 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
8 in 10 plasticity
9 synaptic 10 plasticity
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 dysfunction
12 and 16 associated
13 their 14 dysfunction
14 dysfunction 15 is
15 is 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 20 and
18 brain 19 aging
18 brain 20 and
20 and 21 neurodegeneration

rho - gtpases undergo prenylation by attachment of geranylgeranylpyrophosphate ( ggpp ) catalyzed by ggtase [-] i . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gtpases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 undergo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 rho 2 -
1 rho 3 gtpases
3 gtpases 4 undergo
4 undergo 5 prenylation
4 undergo 6 by
6 by 7 attachment
7 attachment 8 of
7 attachment 13 catalyzed
8 of 9 geranylgeranylpyrophosphate
9 geranylgeranylpyrophosphate 11 ggpp
10 ( 11 ggpp
11 ggpp 12 )
13 catalyzed 14 by
14 by 15 ggtase
15 ggtase 17 i

we examined age - related changes in the abundance of rho and rab proteins in membrane and cytosolic fractions as well as of ggtase - [i] in brain tissue of 3 - and 23 - [month] - old c57bl/6 mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 age
4 - 5 related
5 related 17 and
5 related 32 -
6 changes 7 in
6 changes 10 of
6 changes 12 and
7 in 9 abundance
8 the 9 abundance
10 of 11 rho
12 and 14 proteins
12 and 15 in
12 and 17 and
13 rab 14 proteins
15 in 16 membrane
17 and 19 fractions
17 and 20 as
18 cytosolic 19 fractions
20 as 21 well
21 well 22 as
22 as 23 of
23 of 24 ggtase
24 ggtase 27 in
25 - 27 in
27 in 29 tissue
27 in 32 -
28 brain 29 tissue
29 tissue 30 of
30 of 31 3
32 - 33 and
33 and 34 23
33 and 35 -
34 23 35 -
35 - 37 -
37 - 40 mice
38 old 40 mice
39 c57bl/6 40 mice

we report a shift in the cellular localization of rho - gtpases toward reduced levels of membrane - associated and enhanced cytosolic levels of those proteins in aged mouse brain as compared with younger mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 4 shift
3 a 4 shift
4 shift 5 in
4 shift 9 of
4 shift 20 and
5 in 8 localization
6 the 8 localization
7 cellular 8 localization
9 of 10 rho
10 rho 12 gtpases
11 - 12 gtpases
12 gtpases 13 toward
12 gtpases 16 of
12 gtpases 18 -
13 toward 15 levels
14 reduced 15 levels
16 of 17 membrane
19 associated 20 and
20 and 21 enhanced
20 and 33 with
21 enhanced 23 levels
21 enhanced 27 in
22 cytosolic 23 levels
23 levels 24 of
24 of 26 proteins
25 those 26 proteins
27 in 30 brain
28 aged 29 mouse
29 mouse 30 brain
30 brain 32 compared
31 as 32 compared
33 with 35 mice
34 younger 35 mice

the age - related reduction in membrane - associated rho proteins [was] associated with a reduction in ggtase - iβ levels that regulates binding of ggpp to rho - gtpases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 age
2 age 5 reduction
2 age 9 associated
3 - 5 reduction
4 related 5 reduction
5 reduction 6 in
5 reduction 8 -
6 in 7 membrane
9 associated 11 proteins
9 associated 14 with
10 rho 11 proteins
11 proteins 13 associated
14 with 16 reduction
14 with 30 gtpases
15 a 16 reduction
16 reduction 17 in
16 reduction 21 levels
17 in 18 ggtase
19 - 21 levels
20 iβ 21 levels
21 levels 22 that
21 levels 23 regulates
21 levels 29 -
22 that 23 regulates
23 regulates 24 binding
23 regulates 27 to
24 binding 25 of
25 of 26 ggpp
27 to 28 rho

proteins prenylated by ggtase - ii were not reduced in aged brain indicating a specific targeting of ggtase - [i] in the aged brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prenylated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 proteins 2 prenylated
2 prenylated 3 by
3 by 4 ggtase
5 - 6 ii
5 - 7 were
6 ii 7 were
7 were 8 not
7 were 10 in
7 were 21 in
8 not 9 reduced
10 in 12 brain
11 aged 12 brain
12 brain 13 indicating
13 indicating 16 targeting
14 a 15 specific
14 a 16 targeting
15 specific 16 targeting
16 targeting 17 of
17 of 18 ggtase
19 - 21 in
21 in 24 brain
21 in 25 .
22 the 24 brain
23 aged 24 brain

inhibition of ggtase - i in vitro modeled the effects of aging we observed in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 modeled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 inhibition 5 i
2 of 3 ggtase
2 of 4 -
2 of 5 i
5 i 8 modeled
6 in 7 vitro
7 vitro 8 modeled
8 modeled 10 effects
9 the 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
10 effects 14 observed
11 of 12 aging
12 aging 13 we
14 observed 16 vivo
15 in 16 vivo

we demonstrate for the first time a decrease in membrane - associated rho proteins in aged brain in association with down - regulation of ggtase - iβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 we 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 3 for
2 demonstrate 8 decrease
2 demonstrate 9 in
3 for 6 time
4 the 5 first
4 the 6 time
7 a 8 decrease
9 in 10 membrane
10 membrane 14 proteins
11 - 14 proteins
12 associated 14 proteins
13 rho 14 proteins
14 proteins 15 in
14 proteins 20 with
14 proteins 24 of
14 proteins 26 -
15 in 17 brain
16 aged 17 brain
17 brain 19 association
18 in 19 association
20 with 23 regulation
21 down 22 -
21 down 23 regulation
24 of 25 ggtase
26 - 27 iβ
26 - 28 .

this down - regulation could be one of the mechanisms causing age - related weakening of synaptic plasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 this 4 regulation
2 down 3 -
2 down 4 regulation
4 regulation 5 could
5 could 6 be
6 be 7 one
7 one 8 of
8 of 10 mechanisms
9 the 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 causing
11 causing 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 weakening
14 related 19 .
15 weakening 16 of
16 of 18 plasticity
17 synaptic 18 plasticity

during aging , a decline [in] stem cell function is observed in many tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 during 2 aging
1 during 3 ,
1 during 9 function
4 a 9 function
5 decline 9 function
7 stem 9 function
8 cell 9 function
9 function 10 is
10 is 11 observed
11 observed 12 in
12 in 14 tissues
13 many 14 tissues

this decline is accompanied by complex changes of the chromatin structure among them changes in histone modifications and dna methylation which both affect transcription of a tissue [-] specific subset of genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 decline
2 decline 3 is
3 is 4 accompanied
4 accompanied 5 by
5 by 7 changes
6 complex 7 changes
7 changes 8 of
7 changes 11 structure
7 changes 14 changes
8 of 10 chromatin
9 the 10 chromatin
11 structure 12 among
11 structure 14 changes
12 among 13 them
14 changes 15 in
15 in 18 and
16 histone 17 modifications
17 modifications 18 and
18 and 20 methylation
18 and 21 which
18 and 23 affect
19 dna 20 methylation
21 which 22 both
21 which 23 affect
22 both 23 affect
23 affect 24 transcription
24 transcription 25 of
25 of 30 subset
26 a 30 subset
27 tissue 30 subset
29 specific 30 subset
30 subset 31 of
31 of 32 genes

a mechanistic understanding of these age [-] associated processes , their interrelations and environmental dependence is currently lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 mechanistic
1 a 3 understanding
2 mechanistic 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 16 is
4 of 13 and
5 these 9 processes
6 age 8 associated
8 associated 9 processes
9 processes 10 ,
10 , 12 interrelations
10 , 13 and
11 their 12 interrelations
13 and 15 dependence
14 environmental 15 dependence
16 is 17 currently
16 is 18 lacking

here , we discuss related questions on the molecular , cellular , and population level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 6 questions
4 discuss 7 on
5 related 6 questions
7 on 13 and
8 the 9 molecular
9 molecular 10 ,
10 , 11 cellular
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 level
14 population 15 level

we combine an individual cell [-] based model of stem cell populations with a model of epigenetic regulation of transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 combine
2 combine 8 model
2 combine 13 with
3 an 4 individual
3 an 8 model
4 individual 5 cell
5 cell 7 based
7 based 8 model
8 model 9 of
9 of 12 populations
10 stem 12 populations
11 cell 12 populations
13 with 15 model
14 a 15 model
15 model 16 of
16 of 18 regulation
17 epigenetic 18 regulation
18 regulation 19 of
19 of 20 transcription

the novel model enables to simulate age [-] related changes of trimethylation of lysine 4 at histone h3 and [of] dna methylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 enables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 model
2 novel 3 model
3 model 4 enables
4 enables 5 to
4 enables 10 changes
4 enables 16 at
5 to 6 simulate
6 simulate 7 age
7 age 9 related
10 changes 11 of
10 changes 13 of
11 of 12 trimethylation
13 of 14 lysine
14 lysine 15 4
16 at 22 methylation
17 histone 22 methylation
18 h3 19 and
19 and 21 dna
21 dna 22 methylation

these changes entail expression changes of genes that induce age [-] related [phenotypes] ( arps ) of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 entail
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 entail
3 entail 5 changes
4 expression 5 changes
5 changes 6 of
5 changes 17 of
6 of 7 genes
7 genes 8 that
7 genes 9 induce
8 that 9 induce
9 induce 10 age
10 age 12 related
10 age 15 arps
14 ( 15 arps
15 arps 16 )
17 of 18 cells

we compare age - related changes of regulatory states in quiescent stem cells occupying a niche with those observed in proliferating cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
1 we 2 compare
2 compare 3 age
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 changes
5 related 10 in
5 related 17 with
5 related 23 .
6 changes 7 of
7 of 9 states
8 regulatory 9 states
10 in 13 cells
11 quiescent 12 stem
12 stem 13 cells
13 cells 14 occupying
14 occupying 16 niche
15 a 16 niche
17 with 18 those
17 with 20 in
18 those 19 observed
20 in 22 cells
21 proliferating 22 cells

moreover , we analyze the impact of the activity of the involved epigenetic modifiers on these changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyze
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 4 analyze
4 analyze 6 impact
4 analyze 15 on
5 the 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
7 of 9 activity
8 the 9 activity
9 activity 10 of
10 of 14 modifiers
11 the 14 modifiers
12 involved 14 modifiers
13 epigenetic 14 modifiers
15 on 17 changes
16 these 17 changes

we find that epigenetic aging strongly affects stem cell heterogeneity and that homing at stem cell niches retards epigenetic aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 5 aging
2 find 7 affects
3 that 5 aging
4 epigenetic 5 aging
5 aging 7 affects
6 strongly 7 affects
7 affects 10 heterogeneity
8 stem 10 heterogeneity
9 cell 10 heterogeneity
11 and 13 homing
11 and 18 retards
12 that 13 homing
13 homing 14 at
13 homing 18 retards
14 at 17 niches
15 stem 17 niches
16 cell 17 niches
18 retards 20 aging
19 epigenetic 20 aging

our model provides a mechanistic explanation [how] increased stem cell proliferation can lead to progeroid [phenotypes] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 our 2 model
2 model 3 provides
3 provides 13 lead
3 provides 14 to
4 a 5 mechanistic
4 a 13 lead
5 mechanistic 9 stem
6 explanation 8 increased
8 increased 9 stem
9 stem 10 cell
10 cell 13 lead
11 proliferation 13 lead
12 can 13 lead
14 to 15 progeroid

adapting our model to properties observed for aged hematopoietic [stem] [cell] ( hsc ) clones , we predict that the hematopoietic arp activates young hscs and thereby retards aging of the entire hsc population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 adapting 3 model
1 adapting 16 ,
1 adapting 17 we
2 our 3 model
3 model 4 to
4 to 5 properties
5 properties 6 observed
6 observed 7 for
7 for 15 clones
8 aged 15 clones
9 hematopoietic 13 hsc
9 hematopoietic 14 )
9 hematopoietic 15 clones
12 ( 13 hsc
13 hsc 14 )
17 we 26 and
18 predict 19 that
18 predict 26 and
19 that 22 arp
19 that 23 activates
20 the 22 arp
21 hematopoietic 22 arp
22 arp 23 activates
23 activates 24 young
23 activates 25 hscs
26 and 28 retards
26 and 29 aging
27 thereby 28 retards
29 aging 30 of
30 of 34 population
31 the 34 population
32 entire 34 population
33 hsc 34 population

in addition , our model suggests that the experimentally observed high interindividual variance in hsc numbers originates in a variance of histone methyltransferase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 model
4 our 5 model
5 model 6 suggests
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 11 high
7 that 17 originates
8 the 11 high
9 experimentally 10 observed
10 observed 11 high
11 high 13 variance
11 high 16 numbers
11 high 17 originates
12 interindividual 13 variance
13 variance 14 in
13 variance 16 numbers
14 in 15 hsc
17 originates 18 in
18 in 20 variance
19 a 20 variance
20 variance 21 of
21 of 24 activity
22 histone 24 activity
23 methyltransferase 24 activity

this report provides estimates of the incidence of select risk factors for cardiovascular disease among members of the active component of the armed forces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 report
2 report 3 provides
3 provides 4 estimates
3 provides 15 among
4 estimates 5 of
5 of 7 incidence
6 the 7 incidence
7 incidence 8 of
8 of 11 factors
9 select 11 factors
10 risk 11 factors
11 factors 12 for
12 for 14 disease
13 cardiovascular 14 disease
15 among 16 members
16 members 17 of
17 of 20 component
18 the 20 component
19 active 20 component
20 component 21 of
21 of 24 forces
22 the 24 forces
23 armed 24 forces

the definitions of incident cases of each risk factor were based upon the documentation of relevant diagnostic codes in the electronic health records of service members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 definitions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 definitions
2 definitions 3 of
2 definitions 10 were
3 of 5 cases
4 incident 5 cases
5 cases 6 of
6 of 9 factor
7 each 9 factor
8 risk 9 factor
10 were 11 based
11 based 12 upon
11 based 19 in
12 upon 14 documentation
13 the 14 documentation
14 documentation 15 of
15 of 18 codes
16 relevant 18 codes
17 diagnostic 18 codes
19 in 23 records
20 the 23 records
21 electronic 22 health
22 health 23 records
23 records 24 of
24 of 26 members
25 service 26 members

numbers of service members with diagnoses of each of the factors were : hyperlipidemia ( n=300,340 ) , obesity ( n=235,407 ) , hypertension [(] n=230,564 ) , abnormal blood glucose level ( n=47,009 [ )(, and diabetes ( n=13,901 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 service
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 numbers 2 of
1 numbers 3 service
2 of 3 service
3 service 4 members
3 service 12 were
3 service 13 :
4 members 5 with
4 members 7 of
4 members 9 of
4 members 12 were
5 with 6 diagnoses
7 of 8 each
9 of 11 factors
10 the 11 factors
13 : 19 obesity
14 hyperlipidemia 16 n=300,340
14 hyperlipidemia 18 ,
14 hyperlipidemia 19 obesity
15 ( 16 n=300,340
16 n=300,340 17 )
19 obesity 21 n=235,407
19 obesity 26 n=230,564
19 obesity 32 level
20 ( 21 n=235,407
21 n=235,407 22 )
23 , 26 n=230,564
24 hypertension 26 n=230,564
26 n=230,564 27 )
28 , 32 level
29 abnormal 30 blood
30 blood 32 level
31 glucose 32 level
32 level 37 and
32 level 41 )
33 ( 37 and
34 n=47,009 37 and
36 )(, 37 and
37 and 38 diabetes
37 and 40 n=13,901
37 and 41 )
39 ( 40 n=13,901
40 n=13,901 41 )

incidence rates of all the risk factors of interest increased with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 incidence 2 rates
2 rates 3 of
2 rates 10 increased
3 of 4 all
4 all 5 the
4 all 7 factors
5 the 7 factors
6 risk 7 factors
7 factors 8 of
8 of 9 interest
10 increased 11 with
11 with 12 advancing
12 advancing 13 age

rates of diagnoses of hypertension [and] obesity were higher among black , [non] - hispanic service members than among other racial/ethnic groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 rates 2 of
1 rates 8 were
2 of 3 diagnoses
3 diagnoses 4 of
4 of 7 obesity
5 hypertension 7 obesity
8 were 9 higher
9 higher 10 among
10 among 11 black
12 , 16 service
14 - 15 hispanic
15 hispanic 16 service
16 service 17 members
16 service 18 than
16 service 19 among
19 among 22 groups
20 other 22 groups
21 racial/ethnic 22 groups

asian/pacific islanders had the highest rates of hyperlipidemia , abnormal blood glucose level , and diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 islanders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 asian/pacific 2 islanders
2 islanders 3 had
3 had 6 rates
4 the 5 highest
4 the 6 rates
6 rates 7 of
7 of 8 hyperlipidemia
9 , 15 and
10 abnormal 11 blood
11 blood 13 level
12 glucose 13 level
13 level 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 diabetes

male service members had higher rates of hypertension [,] hyperlipidemia , and diabetes , but females had higher rates of obesity and abnormal blood glucose level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 male 3 members
2 service 3 members
3 members 4 had
4 had 6 rates
5 higher 6 rates
6 rates 7 of
7 of 12 and
8 hypertension 10 hyperlipidemia
10 hyperlipidemia 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 diabetes
12 and 14 ,
15 but 16 females
15 but 17 had
16 females 17 had
17 had 19 rates
17 had 26 level
18 higher 19 rates
19 rates 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 obesity 22 and
22 and 25 glucose
23 abnormal 24 blood
24 blood 25 glucose

of all active component service members included in this analysis ( n=3,297,786 ) , 18.5 percent ( n=611,185 ) were diagnosed with at least one of the risk factors during the ten - year surveillance period . 
1 of 5 service
1 of 6 members
2 all 5 service
3 active 5 service
4 component 5 service
6 members 7 included
6 members 8 in
6 members 20 were
8 in 10 analysis
9 this 10 analysis
10 analysis 12 n=3,297,786
10 analysis 16 percent
11 ( 12 n=3,297,786
12 n=3,297,786 13 )
14 , 16 percent
15 18.5 16 percent
16 percent 18 n=611,185
16 percent 19 )
17 ( 18 n=611,185
18 n=611,185 19 )
20 were 21 diagnosed
21 diagnosed 22 with
21 diagnosed 30 during
22 with 25 one
23 at 24 least
24 least 25 one
25 one 26 of
26 of 29 factors
27 the 29 factors
28 risk 29 factors
30 during 32 ten
31 the 32 ten
32 ten 36 period
33 - 36 period
34 year 36 period
35 surveillance 36 period
36 period 37 .

bone marrow - mesenchymal stromal cells ( bm - mscs ) have immunosuppressive properties and have been used in cell therapies as immune regulators for the treatment of graft [-] versus [-] host disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 marrow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 bone 2 marrow
2 marrow 6 cells
2 marrow 10 mscs
2 marrow 15 and
3 - 6 cells
4 mesenchymal 6 cells
5 stromal 6 cells
6 cells 8 bm
6 cells 9 -
7 ( 8 bm
8 bm 9 -
9 - 10 mscs
10 mscs 11 )
12 have 14 properties
12 have 15 and
13 immunosuppressive 14 properties
15 and 16 have
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 used
18 used 19 in
18 used 22 as
18 used 25 for
19 in 21 therapies
20 cell 21 therapies
22 as 24 regulators
23 immune 24 regulators
25 for 27 treatment
26 the 27 treatment
27 treatment 28 of
28 of 29 graft
29 graft 31 versus
31 versus 34 disease
33 host 34 disease

we have previously characterized several biological properties of mscs from placenta ( pl ) and umbilical cord blood ( ucb ) , and compared them to those of bm - the gold standard . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
1 we 23 and
2 have 4 characterized
2 have 23 and
3 previously 4 characterized
4 characterized 7 properties
5 several 7 properties
6 biological 7 properties
7 properties 8 of
7 properties 20 ucb
8 of 15 and
9 mscs 10 from
9 mscs 15 and
10 from 11 placenta
11 placenta 13 pl
12 ( 13 pl
13 pl 14 )
15 and 18 blood
16 umbilical 17 cord
17 cord 18 blood
19 ( 20 ucb
20 ucb 21 )
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 compared
23 and 26 to
24 compared 25 them
26 to 27 those
27 those 28 of
28 of 29 bm
30 - 33 standard
30 - 34 .
31 the 33 standard
32 gold 33 standard

in the present study , we have compared mscs from bm , ucb , and pl in terms of their immunosuppressive properties against lymphoid cell populations enriched for cd3 [(] [+] [ )(t cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 have
7 have 8 compared
8 compared 15 and
9 mscs 10 from
9 mscs 15 and
10 from 13 ucb
11 bm 13 ucb
12 , 13 ucb
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 pl
15 and 17 in
15 and 23 against
17 in 18 terms
18 terms 19 of
19 of 22 properties
20 their 22 properties
21 immunosuppressive 22 properties
23 against 26 populations
24 lymphoid 25 cell
25 cell 26 populations
26 populations 27 enriched
26 populations 28 for
28 for 34 cells
29 cd3 33 )(t
29 cd3 34 cells

our results confirm the immunosuppressive potential of bm - mscs , and demonstrate that mscs from ucb and [,] to a lesser extent pl , also have immunosuppressive potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 12 and
3 confirm 6 potential
3 confirm 12 and
4 the 6 potential
5 immunosuppressive 6 potential
6 potential 7 of
7 of 8 bm
8 bm 10 mscs
9 - 10 mscs
10 mscs 11 ,
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 demonstrate
12 and 24 pl
13 demonstrate 15 mscs
14 that 15 mscs
15 mscs 18 and
16 from 17 ucb
16 from 18 and
18 and 20 to
20 to 23 extent
21 a 22 lesser
21 a 23 extent
22 lesser 23 extent
25 , 27 have
26 also 27 have
27 have 29 potential
28 immunosuppressive 29 potential

in contrast to pl - mscs , bm - mscs and ucb - mscs significantly inhibited the proliferation of both cd4 ( [+] [ )(and cd8 [(] [+] ) activated t [cells] in a cell - cell contact - dependent manner . 
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 8 bm
2 contrast 3 to
3 to 4 pl
4 pl 6 mscs
5 - 6 mscs
6 mscs 7 ,
8 bm 13 -
8 bm 16 inhibited
9 - 13 -
10 mscs 11 and
11 and 12 ucb
11 and 13 -
13 - 14 mscs
15 significantly 16 inhibited
16 inhibited 18 proliferation
17 the 18 proliferation
18 proliferation 19 of
18 proliferation 25 )(and
18 proliferation 30 activated
19 of 20 both
21 cd4 25 )(and
22 ( 25 )(and
25 )(and 26 cd8
25 )(and 29 )
25 )(and 30 activated
30 activated 31 t
30 activated 33 in
33 in 35 cell
34 a 35 cell
35 cell 38 contact
36 - 38 contact
37 cell 38 contact
38 contact 41 manner
38 contact 42 .
39 - 41 manner
40 dependent 41 manner
41 manner 42 .

such a reduced proliferation in cell cocultures correlated [with] upregulation of programmed death [ligand] 1 on mscs and cytotoxic [t] lymphocyte - associated [ag] - 4 ( ctla - 4 ) on t [cells] , and increased production [of] interferon - [γ] , interleukin [-] 10 , and prostaglandin e2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proliferation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cocultures
1 such 2 a
2 a 4 proliferation
3 reduced 4 proliferation
4 proliferation 5 in
4 proliferation 7 cocultures
5 in 6 cell
7 cocultures 10 upregulation
7 cocultures 16 on
8 correlated 10 upregulation
10 upregulation 11 of
11 of 13 death
12 programmed 13 death
13 death 15 1
16 on 18 and
17 mscs 18 and
18 and 21 lymphocyte
18 and 22 -
18 and 23 associated
19 cytotoxic 21 lymphocyte
23 associated 29 -
23 associated 32 on
25 - 29 -
26 4 28 ctla
27 ( 28 ctla
28 ctla 29 -
29 - 30 4
29 - 31 )
32 on 36 and
33 t 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 40 interferon
36 and 41 -
36 and 48 and
37 increased 38 production
38 production 40 interferon
43 , 48 and
44 interleukin 46 10
44 interleukin 48 and
47 , 48 and
48 and 50 e2
48 and 51 .
49 prostaglandin 50 e2

importantly , [and] in contrast to pl - mscs , both bm - mscs and ucb - mscs favored the generation of t - cell subsets displaying a regulatory phenotype cd4 [(] [+] )cd25 ( [+] )ctla - 4 [(] [+] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 mscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 favored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 18 mscs
2 , 4 in
4 in 5 contrast
4 in 17 -
4 in 18 mscs
5 contrast 6 to
6 to 7 pl
7 pl 9 mscs
7 pl 16 ucb
8 - 9 mscs
9 mscs 12 bm
9 mscs 13 -
10 , 12 bm
11 both 12 bm
12 bm 13 -
13 - 16 ucb
14 mscs 15 and
15 and 16 ucb
16 ucb 17 -
18 mscs 19 favored
19 favored 21 generation
20 the 21 generation
21 generation 22 of
21 generation 26 subsets
22 of 23 t
24 - 26 subsets
25 cell 26 subsets
26 subsets 27 displaying
26 subsets 38 -
26 subsets 42 )
27 displaying 34 )cd25
28 a 29 regulatory
28 a 34 )cd25
29 regulatory 30 phenotype
30 phenotype 34 )cd25
31 cd4 34 )cd25
35 ( 38 -
37 )ctla 38 -
38 - 39 4
38 - 42 )

our results indicate that , besides bm - mscs , ucb - mscs might be a potent and reliable candidate for future therapeutic applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 13 mscs
4 that 15 be
5 , 6 besides
6 besides 7 bm
6 besides 8 -
6 besides 13 mscs
9 mscs 11 ucb
10 , 11 ucb
11 ucb 12 -
11 ucb 13 mscs
13 mscs 14 might
14 might 15 be
15 be 20 candidate
16 a 20 candidate
17 potent 18 and
18 and 19 reliable
18 and 20 candidate
20 candidate 21 for
21 for 24 applications
22 future 24 applications
23 therapeutic 24 applications

objectives : to examine associations between sarcopenia , obesity , and sarcopenic obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and all - cause mortality in older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 associations
4 examine 6 between
6 between 22 and
7 sarcopenia 8 ,
7 sarcopenia 9 obesity
9 obesity 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 obesity
11 and 14 and
12 sarcopenic 13 obesity
14 and 15 risk
14 and 16 of
14 and 20 cvd
14 and 22 and
16 of 18 disease
17 cardiovascular 18 disease
19 ( 20 cvd
20 cvd 21 )
22 and 23 all
24 - 25 cause
24 - 30 .
25 cause 26 mortality
25 cause 27 in
27 in 29 men
28 older 29 men

design : prospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 prospective 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study

setting : british regional heart study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 6 study
3 british 6 study
4 regional 5 heart
5 heart 6 study

participants : men aged 60 - 79 years ( n = 4,252 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 men
3 men 4 aged
4 aged 11 =
5 60 6 -
6 - 7 79
6 - 8 years
8 years 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 4,252
11 = 13 )

measurements : baseline waist circumference [(] wc [ )(and midarm muscle circumference ( mamc ) measurements were used to classify participants into four groups : sarcopenic , obese , sarcopenic obese , or optimal wc and mamc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 16 measurements
2 : 18 used
2 : 25 :
3 baseline 7 wc
4 waist 5 circumference
5 circumference 7 wc
7 wc 9 )(and
9 )(and 12 circumference
9 )(and 14 mamc
9 )(and 16 measurements
10 midarm 12 circumference
11 muscle 12 circumference
13 ( 14 mamc
14 mamc 15 )
16 measurements 17 were
17 were 18 used
18 used 19 to
18 used 20 classify
19 to 20 classify
20 classify 21 participants
20 classify 22 into
22 into 24 groups
23 four 24 groups
25 : 37 mamc
26 sarcopenic 27 ,
26 sarcopenic 37 mamc
28 obese 29 ,
28 obese 37 mamc
30 sarcopenic 37 mamc
31 obese 33 or
32 , 33 or
33 or 34 optimal
33 or 37 mamc
35 wc 36 and
36 and 37 mamc
37 mamc 38 .

the cohort was followed for a mean of 11.3 years for cvd and all - cause mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cohort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 the 2 cohort
2 cohort 3 was
3 was 4 followed
4 followed 5 for
4 followed 11 for
5 for 7 mean
6 a 7 mean
7 mean 8 of
8 of 10 years
9 11.3 10 years
11 for 13 and
12 cvd 13 and
13 and 14 all
15 - 16 cause
15 - 18 .
16 cause 17 mortality

cox regression analyses assessed associations between sarcopenic obesity groups and all - cause mortality , cvd mortality , cvd events , and coronary heart disease ( chd ) events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 cox 3 analyses
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 associations
4 assessed 13 cause
5 associations 6 between
5 associations 13 cause
6 between 10 and
7 sarcopenic 8 obesity
8 obesity 9 groups
9 groups 10 and
10 and 11 all
10 and 12 -
13 cause 29 events
14 mortality 15 ,
15 , 17 mortality
15 , 18 ,
16 cvd 17 mortality
18 , 20 events
18 , 22 and
19 cvd 20 events
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 disease
22 and 27 chd
22 and 29 events
23 coronary 24 heart
24 heart 25 disease
26 ( 27 chd
27 chd 28 )

results : there were 1,314 deaths , 518 cvd deaths , 852 cvd events , and 458 chd events during [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
2 : 7 ,
3 there 4 were
4 were 6 deaths
5 1,314 6 deaths
7 , 16 and
8 518 10 deaths
9 cvd 10 deaths
10 deaths 11 ,
11 , 14 events
11 , 16 and
12 852 14 events
13 cvd 14 events
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 events
16 and 20 during
17 458 19 events
18 chd 19 events
20 during 23 up
22 - 23 up

[all] - cause mortality risk was significantly greater in sarcopenic [(] hr = 1.41 , 95 % ci = 1.22 - 1.63 [ )(and obese ( hr [=] 1.21 , 95 [%] [ci] = [1.03] - 1.42 ) men than in the optimal reference group [,] with the highest risk in sarcopenic obese [(] hr = 1.72 , 95 % ci = 1.35 - 2.18 ) , after adjustment for lifestyle characteristics . 
2 - 4 mortality
3 cause 4 mortality
4 mortality 5 risk
4 mortality 6 was
4 mortality 8 greater
4 mortality 13 =
5 risk 6 was
7 significantly 8 greater
8 greater 9 in
9 in 12 hr
10 sarcopenic 12 hr
13 = 14 1.41
14 1.41 24 )(and
15 , 24 )(and
16 95 18 ci
17 % 18 ci
18 ci 21 -
18 ci 24 )(and
19 = 20 1.22
20 1.22 21 -
21 - 22 1.63
24 )(and 25 obese
24 )(and 27 hr
24 )(and 30 ,
26 ( 27 hr
27 hr 29 1.21
27 hr 30 ,
30 , 36 -
31 95 34 =
34 = 36 -
36 - 37 1.42
36 - 38 )
36 - 39 men
39 men 40 than
39 men 41 in
39 men 45 group
41 in 44 reference
42 the 44 reference
43 optimal 44 reference
45 group 47 with
45 group 51 in
45 group 57 1.72
47 with 50 risk
48 the 49 highest
48 the 50 risk
51 in 55 hr
52 sarcopenic 55 hr
53 obese 55 hr
56 = 57 1.72
57 1.72 61 ci
57 1.72 68 after
58 , 61 ci
59 95 61 ci
60 % 61 ci
61 ci 64 -
61 ci 66 )
62 = 63 1.35
63 1.35 64 -
64 - 65 2.18
67 , 68 after
68 after 69 adjustment
68 after 73 .
69 adjustment 70 for
70 for 72 characteristics
71 lifestyle 72 characteristics

risk of cvd mortality was significantly greater in sarcopenic and obese but not sarcopenic obese men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 risk 2 of
1 risk 5 was
2 of 4 mortality
3 cvd 4 mortality
5 was 7 greater
6 significantly 7 greater
7 greater 8 in
8 in 16 men
9 sarcopenic 10 and
10 and 12 but
10 and 16 men
11 obese 12 but
12 but 13 not
12 but 14 sarcopenic
13 not 14 sarcopenic
15 obese 16 men

no association was seen between sarcopenic obesity groups and chd or cvd events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 no 2 association
2 association 3 was
3 was 4 seen
4 seen 5 between
5 between 11 or
6 sarcopenic 7 obesity
7 obesity 8 groups
8 groups 9 and
9 and 10 chd
9 and 11 or
11 or 13 events
12 cvd 13 events

conclusion : sarcopenia and central adiposity were associated with greater cardiovascular mortality and all - cause mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 8 associated
2 : 15 -
3 sarcopenia 4 and
4 and 6 adiposity
4 and 7 were
5 central 6 adiposity
7 were 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 13 and
10 greater 12 mortality
11 cardiovascular 12 mortality
12 mortality 13 and
13 and 14 all
15 - 16 cause
15 - 18 .
16 cause 17 mortality

sarcopenic obese men had the highest risk of all - cause mortality but not cvd mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 sarcopenic 3 men
2 obese 3 men
3 men 4 had
4 had 7 risk
5 the 6 highest
5 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
8 of 9 all
10 - 11 cause
10 - 17 .
11 cause 13 but
12 mortality 13 but
13 but 14 not
13 but 16 mortality
15 cvd 16 mortality

efforts to promote healthy aging should focus on preventing obesity and maintaining muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 efforts 2 to
1 efforts 3 promote
1 efforts 6 should
2 to 3 promote
3 promote 5 aging
4 healthy 5 aging
6 should 7 focus
7 focus 8 on
8 on 9 preventing
9 preventing 11 and
10 obesity 11 and
11 and 14 mass
12 maintaining 14 mass
13 muscle 14 mass

actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by actinomyces species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 actinomycosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 actinomycosis 2 is
2 is 7 infection
3 a 4 chronic
3 a 7 infection
4 chronic 7 infection
5 suppurative 7 infection
6 bacterial 7 infection
7 infection 8 caused
8 caused 9 by
9 by 11 species
10 actinomyces 11 species

actinomyces [israelii] is the organism most commonly found in human disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 actinomyces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 actinomyces 3 is
3 is 5 organism
3 is 6 most
4 the 5 organism
6 most 8 found
7 commonly 8 found
8 found 9 in
9 in 11 disease
10 human 11 disease

actinomycosis usually manifests with abscess formation , dense fibrosis , and draining sinuses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 actinomycosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 manifests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 actinomycosis 3 manifests
2 usually 3 manifests
3 manifests 4 with
3 manifests 11 and
4 with 5 abscess
6 formation 7 ,
7 , 9 fibrosis
7 , 11 and
8 dense 9 fibrosis
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 sinuses
12 draining 13 sinuses

the disease is further characterized by the tendency to extensively spread beyond normal fascial and connective tissue planes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 disease
2 disease 3 is
3 is 4 further
3 is 5 characterized
5 characterized 6 by
5 characterized 9 to
6 by 8 tendency
7 the 8 tendency
9 to 11 spread
10 extensively 11 spread
11 spread 12 beyond
12 beyond 18 planes
13 normal 17 tissue
14 fascial 15 and
15 and 16 connective
15 and 17 tissue
17 tissue 18 planes

actinomycosis occurs most [commonly] in the cervicofacial region ( 50 % - 65 % ) , followed by the thoracic ( 15 % - 30 % ) [and] abdominopelvic ( 20 % ) regions , but rarely involves the central nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 actinomycosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 actinomycosis 36 but
2 occurs 3 most
2 occurs 5 in
2 occurs 36 but
5 in 8 region
6 the 8 region
7 cervicofacial 8 region
8 region 11 %
8 region 14 %
8 region 17 followed
9 ( 11 %
10 50 11 %
11 % 12 -
12 - 14 %
13 65 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 , 17 followed
17 followed 18 by
17 followed 35 ,
18 by 34 regions
19 the 34 regions
20 thoracic 23 %
20 thoracic 34 regions
21 ( 23 %
22 15 23 %
23 % 26 %
23 % 27 )
24 - 26 %
25 30 26 %
26 % 27 )
29 abdominopelvic 32 %
29 abdominopelvic 34 regions
30 ( 32 %
31 20 32 %
32 % 33 )
35 , 36 but
36 but 38 involves
37 rarely 38 involves
38 involves 42 system
39 the 42 system
40 central 42 system
41 nervous 42 system

most cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis are odontogenic in origin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 most 2 cases
2 cases 3 of
2 cases 6 are
3 of 5 actinomycosis
4 cervicofacial 5 actinomycosis
6 are 7 odontogenic
7 odontogenic 8 in
8 in 9 origin

in the acute form , cervicofacial disease can manifest with soft - tissue swelling , a painful pyogenic abscess , or a mass lesion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 manifest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 form
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 disease
2 the 4 form
3 acute 4 form
6 cervicofacial 7 disease
7 disease 8 can
8 can 9 manifest
9 manifest 10 with
9 manifest 21 or
10 with 13 tissue
11 soft 12 -
11 soft 13 tissue
14 swelling 15 ,
15 , 19 abscess
15 , 21 or
16 a 17 painful
16 a 19 abscess
17 painful 19 abscess
18 pyogenic 19 abscess
20 , 21 or
21 or 24 lesion
22 a 24 lesion
23 mass 24 lesion

in the subacute to chronic form , a painless indurated mass can spread to the skin , leading to draining sinus tracts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 can
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 spread
1 in 3 subacute
1 in 7 ,
1 in 12 can
2 the 3 subacute
3 subacute 4 to
4 to 6 form
5 chronic 6 form
8 a 9 painless
8 a 12 can
9 painless 11 mass
10 indurated 11 mass
11 mass 12 can
12 can 13 spread
13 spread 14 to
14 to 16 skin
15 the 16 skin
16 skin 18 leading
17 , 18 leading
18 leading 19 to
18 leading 23 .
19 to 20 draining
20 draining 22 tracts
21 sinus 22 tracts

thoracic manifestations include parenchymal , bronchiectatic , and endobronchial actinomycosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 manifestations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 thoracic 2 manifestations
2 manifestations 3 include
3 include 10 actinomycosis
4 parenchymal 5 ,
5 , 6 bronchiectatic
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 endobronchial
8 and 10 actinomycosis

[at] computed tomography , pulmonary actinomycosis usually [appears] as chronic segmental airspace consolidation containing necrotic low - attenuation areas with peripheral enhancement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 computed 6 actinomycosis
3 tomography 4 ,
3 tomography 6 actinomycosis
5 pulmonary 6 actinomycosis
6 actinomycosis 16 low
7 usually 10 chronic
9 as 10 chronic
10 chronic 13 consolidation
11 segmental 13 consolidation
12 airspace 13 consolidation
13 consolidation 16 low
14 containing 16 low
15 necrotic 16 low
17 - 19 areas
18 attenuation 19 areas
19 areas 20 with
20 with 22 enhancement
21 peripheral 22 enhancement

abdominopelvic [actinomycosis] preferentially involves the ileocecal region , ovary , and fallopian tube . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 abdominopelvic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 abdominopelvic 4 involves
3 preferentially 4 involves
4 involves 11 and
5 the 7 region
6 ileocecal 7 region
7 region 8 ,
8 , 9 ovary
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 tube
12 fallopian 13 tube

the imaging findings favoring abdominopelvic actinomycosis include strong enhancement in the solid portion of the mass after contrast material administration , small rim - enhancing abscesses within the mass , and extensive inflammatory extensions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 findings
2 imaging 3 findings
3 findings 4 favoring
3 findings 7 include
4 favoring 6 actinomycosis
5 abdominopelvic 6 actinomycosis
7 include 9 enhancement
7 include 10 in
7 include 17 after
8 strong 9 enhancement
10 in 13 portion
11 the 13 portion
12 solid 13 portion
13 portion 14 of
14 of 16 mass
15 the 16 mass
17 after 20 administration
18 contrast 20 administration
19 material 20 administration
21 , 23 rim
21 , 24 -
22 small 23 rim
24 - 31 and
25 enhancing 26 abscesses
26 abscesses 27 within
26 abscesses 31 and
27 within 29 mass
28 the 29 mass
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 extensions
32 extensive 34 extensions
33 inflammatory 34 extensions

actinomycosis in the central nervous system may produce brain abscess , meningitis , subdural empyema , actinomycetoma , and spinal and cranial epidural abscess . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 actinomycosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 produce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 actinomycosis 2 in
1 actinomycosis 7 may
2 in 6 system
3 the 6 system
4 central 6 system
5 nervous 6 system
7 may 8 produce
8 produce 19 and
9 brain 10 abscess
10 abscess 11 ,
11 , 12 meningitis
11 , 13 ,
13 , 17 actinomycetoma
13 , 19 and
14 subdural 17 actinomycetoma
15 empyema 16 ,
15 empyema 17 actinomycetoma
18 , 19 and
19 and 24 abscess
20 spinal 21 and
21 and 22 cranial
21 and 24 abscess
23 epidural 24 abscess

in general , actinomycosis responds well to antibiotic therapy , but long - [term] follow [-] up after treatment is needed because of frequent relapses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 actinomycosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 4 actinomycosis
4 actinomycosis 11 but
5 responds 6 well
5 responds 7 to
5 responds 11 but
7 to 9 therapy
8 antibiotic 9 therapy
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 long
13 - 15 follow
13 - 26 .
15 follow 17 up
15 follow 18 after
18 after 19 treatment
18 after 21 needed
19 treatment 20 is
20 is 21 needed
21 needed 23 of
22 because 23 of
23 of 25 relapses
24 frequent 25 relapses

none objectives : to examine the association between plasma concentrations of antioxidative micronutrients and leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) in elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 telomere
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 none 2 objectives
1 none 5 examine
1 none 16 telomere
2 objectives 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 examine
4 to 5 examine
5 examine 7 association
5 examine 8 between
6 the 7 association
8 between 10 concentrations
9 plasma 10 concentrations
10 concentrations 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 antioxidative 13 micronutrients
13 micronutrients 14 and
14 and 15 leukocyte
16 telomere 17 length
16 telomere 21 in
17 length 19 ltl
18 ( 19 ltl
19 ltl 20 )
21 in 23 adults
22 elderly 23 adults

design : cross - sectional cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 7 study
5 sectional 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 study

setting : austrian stroke prevention study , a population - based cohort study on brain aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 study
2 : 11 based
2 : 17 .
3 austrian 6 study
4 stroke 5 prevention
5 prevention 6 study
6 study 9 population
6 study 11 based
7 , 9 population
8 a 9 population
9 population 10 -
11 based 13 study
11 based 14 on
12 cohort 13 study
14 on 15 brain
15 brain 16 aging

participants : individuals with a mean age of 66 ± 7 ( n = 786 ; 58 % female [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 )(
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 8 of
4 with 7 age
5 a 6 mean
5 a 7 age
6 mean 7 age
8 of 10 ±
9 66 10 ±
10 ± 14 =
11 7 14 =
12 ( 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 786
16 ; 19 female
17 58 18 %
18 % 19 female

vitamins and carotenoids were measured using high - performance liquid chromatography , advanced oxidation protein products using spectrophotometry , and telomere length using quantitative real - time polymerase chain reaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 advanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 vitamins 2 and
2 and 3 carotenoids
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 measured
5 measured 6 using
6 using 11 chromatography
7 high 8 -
7 high 9 performance
9 performance 11 chromatography
10 liquid 11 chromatography
12 , 13 advanced
13 advanced 16 products
13 advanced 17 using
14 oxidation 15 protein
15 protein 16 products
17 using 20 and
17 using 23 using
18 spectrophotometry 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 length
21 telomere 22 length
23 using 30 reaction
24 quantitative 30 reaction
25 real 26 -
25 real 30 reaction
27 time 30 reaction
28 polymerase 29 chain
29 chain 30 reaction

results : multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for age and sex demonstrated that higher lutein , zeaxanthin , and vitamin c concentrations were strongly associated with longer telomere length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 and
2 : 31 .
3 multiple 5 regression
4 linear 5 regression
5 regression 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 with
6 analyses 11 and
7 with 8 adjustment
8 adjustment 9 for
9 for 10 age
11 and 12 sex
11 and 13 demonstrated
11 and 14 that
11 and 26 associated
14 that 20 and
14 that 26 associated
15 higher 16 lutein
16 lutein 17 ,
17 , 18 zeaxanthin
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 vitamin
20 and 23 concentrations
20 and 24 were
20 and 26 associated
21 vitamin 22 c
23 concentrations 24 were
25 strongly 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 29 telomere
27 with 30 length
28 longer 29 telomere

the associations were independent of body mass index [,] maximum oxygen uptake , and vascular risk factors and were not mediated by advanced oxidation protein products content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 18 and
3 were 14 and
3 were 18 and
4 independent 5 of
4 independent 14 and
5 of 12 uptake
6 body 7 mass
7 mass 12 uptake
8 index 10 maximum
10 maximum 12 uptake
11 oxygen 12 uptake
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 factors
15 vascular 17 factors
16 risk 17 factors
18 and 19 were
18 and 22 by
18 and 27 content
19 were 20 not
19 were 21 mediated
22 by 26 products
23 advanced 26 products
24 oxidation 25 protein
25 protein 26 products

conclusion : this study provides first evidence that higher lutein , zeaxanthin , and vitamin c concentrations in plasma are associated with longer ltl in normal elderly persons and suggest a protective role of these vitamins in telomere maintenance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 provides
2 : 40 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 provides
5 provides 7 evidence
6 first 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 that
8 that 14 and
8 that 29 and
9 higher 10 lutein
10 lutein 11 ,
11 , 12 zeaxanthin
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 concentrations
14 and 18 in
14 and 20 are
15 vitamin 16 c
15 vitamin 17 concentrations
18 in 19 plasma
20 are 29 and
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 25 in
21 associated 29 and
22 with 24 ltl
23 longer 24 ltl
25 in 28 persons
26 normal 28 persons
27 elderly 28 persons
29 and 30 suggest
30 suggest 33 role
30 suggest 37 in
31 a 32 protective
31 a 33 role
32 protective 33 role
33 role 34 of
34 of 36 vitamins
35 these 36 vitamins
37 in 39 maintenance
38 telomere 39 maintenance

in this paper , we examine barriers to the integration of refugee doctors and nurses in canada and the united kingdom . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 examine
6 examine 7 barriers
6 examine 8 to
6 examine 16 in
8 to 10 integration
9 the 10 integration
10 integration 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 refugee 13 doctors
13 doctors 14 and
14 and 15 nurses
16 in 18 and
17 canada 18 and
18 and 21 kingdom
19 the 21 kingdom
20 united 21 kingdom

key obstacles impeding the integration of internationally trained health professionals are well documented , but less attention has been paid to the integration of refugee health professionals , particularly in canada . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 obstacles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
1 key 2 obstacles
2 obstacles 3 impeding
2 obstacles 11 are
3 impeding 5 integration
4 the 5 integration
5 integration 6 of
6 of 10 professionals
7 internationally 8 trained
8 trained 9 health
9 health 10 professionals
11 are 12 well
11 are 13 documented
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 less
15 but 17 attention
15 but 20 paid
17 attention 18 has
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 paid
20 paid 21 to
20 paid 30 in
21 to 23 integration
22 the 23 integration
23 integration 24 of
24 of 27 professionals
25 refugee 26 health
26 health 27 professionals
28 , 29 particularly
28 , 30 in
30 in 31 canada
30 in 32 .

based on documentary analysis and semi - structured interviews with 46 [canadian] and 34 uk stakeholders , our research shows that there are no simple solutions to mitigating the core obstacles that prohibit the professional integration of refugee doctors and nurses into host countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 10 with
1 based 17 ,
1 based 19 research
2 on 5 and
3 documentary 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 and
5 and 9 interviews
6 semi 7 -
6 semi 9 interviews
8 structured 9 interviews
10 with 16 stakeholders
11 46 13 and
13 and 14 34
13 and 16 stakeholders
15 uk 16 stakeholders
18 our 19 research
19 research 40 and
20 shows 21 that
20 shows 22 there
20 shows 23 are
20 shows 40 and
22 there 23 are
23 are 26 solutions
24 no 26 solutions
25 simple 26 solutions
26 solutions 27 to
26 solutions 32 that
26 solutions 33 prohibit
27 to 28 mitigating
28 mitigating 31 obstacles
29 the 31 obstacles
30 core 31 obstacles
32 that 33 prohibit
33 prohibit 36 integration
34 the 36 integration
35 professional 36 integration
36 integration 37 of
37 of 39 doctors
38 refugee 39 doctors
40 and 41 nurses
40 and 42 into
42 into 44 countries
43 host 44 countries

the targeted approach adopted in parts of the uk does provide some promising practices for canada , which has yet to develop policies and initiatives specific to health professional refugees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 approach
2 targeted 3 approach
3 approach 4 adopted
3 approach 5 in
3 approach 7 of
3 approach 10 does
5 in 6 parts
7 of 9 uk
8 the 9 uk
10 does 11 provide
11 provide 14 practices
12 some 14 practices
13 promising 14 practices
14 practices 15 for
15 for 16 canada
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 has
18 which 19 has
19 has 20 yet
19 has 21 to
21 to 22 develop
22 develop 24 and
23 policies 24 and
24 and 25 initiatives
24 and 26 specific
26 specific 27 to
27 to 30 refugees
28 health 30 refugees
29 professional 30 refugees

this study is intended to contribute to our understanding of how immigration and health human resources policies have shaped the economic integration of refugee healthcare professionals in the uk and canada in distinct ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 intended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 intended
4 intended 5 to
4 intended 6 contribute
5 to 6 contribute
6 contribute 7 to
6 contribute 12 immigration
7 to 9 understanding
8 our 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
10 of 11 how
13 and 16 resources
13 and 19 shaped
14 health 16 resources
15 human 16 resources
16 resources 17 policies
16 resources 18 have
16 resources 19 shaped
17 policies 18 have
19 shaped 22 integration
19 shaped 27 in
19 shaped 32 in
20 the 22 integration
21 economic 22 integration
22 integration 23 of
23 of 26 professionals
24 refugee 26 professionals
25 healthcare 26 professionals
27 in 31 canada
28 the 31 canada
29 uk 30 and
30 and 31 canada
32 in 34 ways
33 distinct 34 ways

context : in the last two decades , a color based concept of disease activity in peritoneal endometriosis has been in use in the clinical context , with red lesions being considered active and black or white lesions being interpreted as less active or dormant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 context 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 28 with
3 in 7 decades
4 the 5 last
4 the 6 two
6 two 7 decades
7 decades 12 concept
8 , 12 concept
9 a 12 concept
10 color 11 based
11 based 12 concept
12 concept 13 of
12 concept 15 activity
12 concept 20 been
12 concept 27 ,
13 of 14 disease
15 activity 16 in
15 activity 19 has
16 in 18 endometriosis
17 peritoneal 18 endometriosis
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 in
20 been 23 in
21 in 22 use
23 in 26 context
24 the 26 context
25 clinical 26 context
28 with 30 lesions
28 with 39 being
29 red 30 lesions
30 lesions 31 being
31 being 32 considered
32 considered 34 and
32 considered 38 lesions
33 active 34 and
34 and 36 or
35 black 36 or
36 or 37 white
39 being 40 interpreted
40 interpreted 41 as
40 interpreted 44 or
41 as 42 less
43 active 44 or
44 or 45 dormant

objective : our aim was to analyze 4 main color categories of peritoneal endometriosis ( black , white , red and brown ) in one single patient group using histomorphological and immunohistochemical methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyze
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 5 was
3 our 4 aim
4 aim 5 was
5 was 6 to
6 to 7 analyze
7 analyze 10 color
7 analyze 24 in
7 analyze 29 using
8 4 10 color
9 main 10 color
10 color 11 categories
10 color 18 white
10 color 21 and
11 categories 12 of
11 categories 18 white
12 of 14 endometriosis
13 peritoneal 14 endometriosis
14 endometriosis 16 black
15 ( 16 black
16 black 17 ,
19 , 21 and
20 red 21 and
21 and 22 brown
21 and 23 )
24 in 28 group
25 one 28 group
26 single 28 group
27 patient 28 group
29 using 33 methods
30 histomorphological 31 and
31 and 32 immunohistochemical
31 and 33 methods

design : 65 endometriosis lesions ( 30 black , 17 white , 11 brown , 7 red ) were resected from 47 premenopausal , nulliparous women which had not received exogenous hormones for at least six months prior to the operation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 4 endometriosis
3 65 4 endometriosis
4 endometriosis 5 lesions
4 endometriosis 19 were
4 endometriosis 20 resected
5 lesions 8 black
5 lesions 17 red
5 lesions 19 were
6 ( 8 black
7 30 8 black
8 black 9 ,
9 , 17 red
10 17 17 red
11 white 12 ,
11 white 17 red
13 11 14 brown
14 brown 15 ,
14 brown 17 red
16 7 17 red
17 red 18 )
20 resected 21 from
20 resected 33 for
20 resected 39 to
21 from 26 women
22 47 26 women
23 premenopausal 24 ,
23 premenopausal 26 women
25 nulliparous 26 women
26 women 27 which
26 women 28 had
27 which 28 had
28 had 29 not
28 had 30 received
30 received 32 hormones
31 exogenous 32 hormones
33 for 37 months
34 at 35 least
35 least 36 six
36 six 37 months
38 prior 39 to
39 to 41 operation
40 the 41 operation

specimen workup , histomorphological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis were performed in a standardized manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 specimen 2 workup
2 workup 3 ,
3 , 5 analysis
3 , 6 and
4 histomorphological 5 analysis
6 and 8 analysis
6 and 9 were
7 immunohistochemical 8 analysis
9 were 10 performed
10 performed 11 in
11 in 14 manner
12 a 14 manner
13 standardized 14 manner

results : the color categories showed a broad overlap in proliferative activity and hormone receptor expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 categories
2 : 6 showed
2 : 17 .
3 the 5 categories
4 color 5 categories
5 categories 6 showed
6 showed 8 broad
6 showed 9 overlap
6 showed 10 in
7 a 8 broad
10 in 13 and
11 proliferative 12 activity
12 activity 13 and
13 and 16 expression
14 hormone 16 expression
15 receptor 16 expression

differences were found in lesion morphology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 differences 2 were
2 were 3 found
3 found 4 in
4 in 6 morphology
5 lesion 6 morphology

adjacent stromal reaction in particular showed a marked increase from red through brown and black to white lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 adjacent 3 reaction
2 stromal 3 reaction
3 reaction 5 particular
3 reaction 6 showed
4 in 5 particular
6 showed 9 increase
6 showed 14 and
6 showed 16 to
7 a 9 increase
8 marked 9 increase
9 increase 10 from
10 from 13 brown
11 red 13 brown
12 through 13 brown
14 and 15 black
16 to 17 white
17 white 18 lesions

differences were also seen in gland pattern [and] gland content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 differences 2 were
2 were 4 seen
3 also 4 seen
4 seen 5 in
5 in 10 content
6 gland 10 content
7 pattern 10 content
9 gland 10 content

conclusions : lesion colors in peritoneal endometriosis seem to be determined by gland content and a varying adjacent stromal reaction and more likely reflect an aging process than different levels of disease activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 colors
2 : 8 seem
2 : 21 and
3 lesion 4 colors
4 colors 5 in
4 colors 8 seem
5 in 7 endometriosis
6 peritoneal 7 endometriosis
8 seem 9 to
8 seem 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 determined
11 determined 12 by
12 by 15 and
13 gland 14 content
14 content 15 and
15 and 20 reaction
16 a 20 reaction
17 varying 20 reaction
18 adjacent 20 reaction
19 stromal 20 reaction
21 and 22 more
21 and 24 reflect
22 more 24 reflect
23 likely 24 reflect
24 reflect 27 process
24 reflect 28 than
25 an 27 process
26 aging 27 process
28 than 30 levels
28 than 31 of
29 different 30 levels
31 of 33 activity
32 disease 33 activity

objective : to evaluate [whether] the efficacy and safety of menatetrenone for the treatment of osteoporosis is noninferior [to] alfacalcidol in chinese postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 8 and
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 efficacy
6 the 7 efficacy
8 and 9 safety
8 and 17 is
9 safety 10 of
9 safety 17 is
10 of 11 menatetrenone
11 menatetrenone 12 for
12 for 14 treatment
13 the 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 of
15 of 16 osteoporosis
17 is 20 alfacalcidol
18 noninferior 20 alfacalcidol
20 alfacalcidol 21 in
21 in 24 women
22 chinese 24 women
23 postmenopausal 24 women

method : this multicenter , randomized , double - blinded , double - dummy , noninferiority , positive drug - controlled clinical trial [was] conducted [in] five chinese sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 8 double
2 : 11 ,
2 : 13 -
3 this 4 multicenter
4 multicenter 6 randomized
4 multicenter 7 ,
4 multicenter 8 double
5 , 6 randomized
6 randomized 7 ,
8 double 10 blinded
9 - 10 blinded
10 blinded 11 ,
11 , 12 double
13 - 14 dummy
13 - 15 ,
13 - 20 -
15 , 16 noninferiority
15 , 17 ,
17 , 19 drug
18 positive 19 drug
20 - 29 sites
21 controlled 23 trial
22 clinical 23 trial
23 trial 25 conducted
25 conducted 29 sites
27 five 29 sites
28 chinese 29 sites

eligible chinese women with postmenopausal osteoporosis ( n=236 ) were randomized to group m or group a and received menatetrenone 45 mg/day or alfacalcidol 0.5 [μg] / [day] , respectively , for 1 year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 eligible 3 women
2 chinese 3 women
3 women 4 with
3 women 18 and
3 women 23 or
4 with 6 osteoporosis
5 postmenopausal 6 osteoporosis
6 osteoporosis 8 n=236
7 ( 8 n=236
8 n=236 9 )
10 were 11 randomized
10 were 18 and
11 randomized 12 to
12 to 15 or
13 group 14 m
13 group 15 or
15 or 16 group
16 group 17 a
18 and 19 received
18 and 22 mg/day
19 received 20 menatetrenone
21 45 22 mg/day
23 or 24 alfacalcidol
23 or 27 /
23 or 32 for
24 alfacalcidol 25 0.5
27 / 30 respectively
29 , 30 respectively
30 respectively 31 ,
32 for 34 year
33 1 34 year

additionally , all patients received calcium 500 [mg/day] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 patients
3 all 4 patients
4 patients 5 received
5 received 6 calcium
6 calcium 7 500

posttreatment bone mineral density ( bmd ) , new fracture onsets , and serum osteocalcin ( oc ) and undercarboxylated oc ( ucoc ) levels were compared with the baseline value in patients of both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 posttreatment 2 bone
2 bone 4 density
3 mineral 4 density
4 density 6 bmd
4 density 13 and
5 ( 6 bmd
6 bmd 7 )
8 , 13 and
9 new 10 fracture
10 fracture 11 onsets
11 onsets 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 osteocalcin
13 and 17 oc
13 and 18 )
14 serum 15 osteocalcin
16 ( 17 oc
17 oc 18 )
19 and 25 levels
19 and 27 compared
20 undercarboxylated 25 levels
21 oc 23 ucoc
21 oc 25 levels
22 ( 23 ucoc
23 ucoc 24 )
25 levels 26 were
26 were 27 compared
27 compared 28 with
27 compared 32 in
28 with 31 value
29 the 31 value
30 baseline 31 value
32 in 33 patients
33 patients 34 of
34 of 36 groups
35 both 36 groups

results : a total of 213 patients ( 90.3 % ) completed the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 12 completed
2 : 15 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 12 completed
5 of 7 patients
6 213 7 patients
7 patients 10 %
8 ( 10 %
9 90.3 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 completed 14 study
13 the 14 study

after 1 year of treatment , bmd among patients in group m significantly increased from baseline by 1.2 % and 2.7 % at the lumbar spine and trochanter , respectively [(] p<0.001 ) [;] and the percentage increase of bmd in group a was 2.2 [%] and 1.8 % , respectively [(] p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 bmd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 after 3 year
1 after 6 ,
1 after 7 bmd
2 1 3 year
3 year 4 of
4 of 5 treatment
7 bmd 8 among
7 bmd 10 in
7 bmd 14 increased
8 among 9 patients
10 in 11 group
11 group 12 m
13 significantly 14 increased
14 increased 15 from
14 increased 17 by
15 from 16 baseline
17 by 19 %
18 1.2 19 %
20 and 22 %
20 and 44 was
21 2.7 22 %
22 % 23 at
22 % 44 was
23 at 35 and
24 the 26 spine
25 lumbar 26 spine
26 spine 27 and
27 and 28 trochanter
27 and 32 p<0.001
27 and 35 and
29 , 30 respectively
29 , 32 p<0.001
32 p<0.001 33 )
35 and 38 increase
35 and 39 of
36 the 38 increase
37 percentage 38 increase
39 of 40 bmd
40 bmd 41 in
41 in 42 group
42 group 43 a
44 was 49 %
45 2.2 47 and
47 and 48 1.8
47 and 49 %
49 % 53 p<0.001
50 , 51 respectively
50 , 53 p<0.001
53 p<0.001 54 )

no difference was observed between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 no 2 difference
2 difference 3 was
3 was 4 observed
4 observed 5 between
5 between 6 groups

there were no changes in femoral neck bmd in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 changes
3 no 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
5 in 8 bmd
6 femoral 7 neck
7 neck 8 bmd
8 bmd 9 in
9 in 11 groups
10 both 11 groups

two patients ( 1.9 % , 2/108 [ )(in group m and four patients ( 3.8 % , 4/105 ) [in] [group] [a] had new fracture onsets ( p>0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 two 2 patients
2 patients 5 %
2 patients 7 2/108
2 patients 24 had
3 ( 5 %
4 1.9 5 %
5 % 6 ,
6 , 7 2/108
7 2/108 9 )(in
7 2/108 20 )
9 )(in 12 and
10 group 11 m
10 group 12 and
12 and 14 patients
12 and 17 %
12 and 19 4/105
13 four 14 patients
15 ( 17 %
16 3.8 17 %
17 % 18 ,
18 , 19 4/105
19 4/105 20 )
24 had 27 onsets
25 new 26 fracture
26 fracture 27 onsets
27 onsets 29 p>0.05
28 ( 29 p>0.05
29 p>0.05 30 )

in group m , oc and ucoc decreased from baseline by 38.7 [%] and 82.3 % , respectively [(] p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 group
1 in 6 and
3 m 4 ,
4 , 5 oc
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 ucoc
6 and 8 decreased
8 decreased 9 from
8 decreased 11 by
9 from 10 baseline
11 by 16 %
12 38.7 14 and
14 and 15 82.3
14 and 16 %
16 % 20 p<0.001
17 , 18 respectively
17 , 20 p<0.001
20 p<0.001 21 )

in group a , oc and ucoc decreased by 25.8 [%] and 34.8 % , respectively [(] p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 group
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 and
2 group 3 a
5 oc 6 and
6 and 7 ucoc
6 and 8 decreased
8 decreased 9 by
9 by 14 %
10 25.8 12 and
12 and 13 34.8
12 and 14 %
14 % 18 p<0.001
15 , 16 respectively
15 , 18 p<0.001
18 p<0.001 19 )

decreases in serum oc and ucoc were more obvious in group m than in group a ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 decreases 2 in
1 decreases 7 were
2 in 5 and
3 serum 4 oc
4 oc 5 and
5 and 6 ucoc
7 were 9 obvious
8 more 9 obvious
9 obvious 10 in
9 obvious 13 than
10 in 11 group
11 group 12 m
13 than 14 in
14 in 15 group
15 group 16 a
15 group 18 p<0.001
17 ( 18 p<0.001
18 p<0.001 19 )

the safety profile of menatetrenone was similar to alfacalcidol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 profile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 profile
2 safety 3 profile
3 profile 4 of
3 profile 6 was
4 of 5 menatetrenone
6 was 7 similar
7 similar 8 to
8 to 9 alfacalcidol

conclusion : menatetrenone is an effective and safe choice in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in chinese women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 menatetrenone
2 : 4 is
2 : 19 .
3 menatetrenone 4 is
4 is 9 choice
5 an 9 choice
6 effective 7 and
7 and 8 safe
7 and 9 choice
9 choice 10 in
10 in 12 treatment
11 the 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 of
13 of 15 osteoporosis
14 postmenopausal 15 osteoporosis
15 osteoporosis 16 in
16 in 18 women
17 chinese 18 women

background : executive function impairment ( in particular , mental flexibility [ )(in the elderly , and in patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , is strongly correlated with difficulties in performing complex [walking] tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 5 impairment
2 : 30 correlated
3 executive 5 impairment
4 function 5 impairment
5 impairment 7 in
5 impairment 28 is
6 ( 7 in
7 in 11 flexibility
7 in 27 ,
8 particular 9 ,
8 particular 11 flexibility
10 mental 11 flexibility
11 flexibility 17 and
11 flexibility 20 with
11 flexibility 25 mci
13 )(in 15 elderly
13 )(in 17 and
14 the 15 elderly
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 in
18 in 19 patients
20 with 23 impairment
21 mild 23 impairment
22 cognitive 23 impairment
24 ( 25 mci
25 mci 26 )
28 is 29 strongly
28 is 30 correlated
30 correlated 31 with
30 correlated 33 in
31 with 32 difficulties
33 in 37 tasks
34 performing 37 tasks
35 complex 37 tasks

the aim of this study was to determine if the adaptation of a neuropsychological test ( the trail - making test ) , to evaluate executive functions during walking , can be an early detection tool for cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 if
8 determine 28 during
9 if 11 adaptation
9 if 27 functions
10 the 11 adaptation
11 adaptation 12 of
11 adaptation 24 to
11 adaptation 25 evaluate
11 adaptation 27 functions
12 of 15 test
13 a 14 neuropsychological
13 a 15 test
14 neuropsychological 15 test
15 test 18 trail
16 ( 18 trail
17 the 18 trail
18 trail 20 making
18 trail 23 ,
19 - 20 making
20 making 21 test
20 making 22 )
24 to 25 evaluate
25 evaluate 26 executive
28 during 30 ,
29 walking 30 ,
30 , 31 can
31 can 32 be
32 be 36 tool
33 an 34 early
33 an 36 tool
34 early 35 detection
35 detection 36 tool
36 tool 37 for
37 for 39 impairment
38 cognitive 39 impairment

all subjects then performed a spatial navigation , or a complex walking test ( the walking trail - making test : [ wtmt ] ) , and their spatiotemporal [walking] variables were analyzed using cluster analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 4 performed
3 then 4 performed
4 performed 13 test
5 a 6 spatial
5 a 13 test
6 spatial 7 navigation
7 navigation 9 or
8 , 9 or
9 or 11 complex
9 or 12 walking
9 or 13 test
10 a 11 complex
13 test 18 -
14 ( 18 -
15 the 17 trail
16 walking 17 trail
17 trail 18 -
18 - 19 making
18 - 25 )
19 making 20 test
19 making 21 :
19 making 23 wtmt
20 test 21 :
22 [ 23 wtmt
23 wtmt 24 ]
26 , 27 and
27 and 31 variables
27 and 33 analyzed
28 their 31 variables
29 spatiotemporal 31 variables
31 variables 32 were
32 were 33 analyzed
33 analyzed 34 using
34 using 36 analysis
35 cluster 36 analysis

results : following evaluation of wtmt locomotor performance , cluster analysis revealed three groups that were distinctly different in age and cognitive abilities : a group of young subjects , a group of healthy older subjects , [mci] subjects with amnestic impairment , and a group of [mci] subjects with executive function impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 following
3 following 4 evaluation
4 evaluation 5 of
5 of 8 performance
6 wtmt 7 locomotor
7 locomotor 8 performance
9 , 11 analysis
9 , 12 revealed
9 , 21 and
10 cluster 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 revealed
12 revealed 14 groups
13 three 14 groups
14 groups 15 that
14 groups 16 were
15 that 16 were
16 were 17 distinctly
16 were 18 different
18 different 19 in
19 in 20 age
21 and 23 abilities
21 and 24 :
22 cognitive 23 abilities
23 abilities 24 :
24 : 26 group
25 a 26 group
26 group 27 of
27 of 39 subjects
28 young 37 ,
28 young 39 subjects
29 subjects 36 subjects
30 , 36 subjects
31 a 32 group
32 group 33 of
32 group 36 subjects
33 of 36 subjects
34 healthy 36 subjects
35 older 36 subjects
36 subjects 37 ,
39 subjects 40 with
40 with 44 and
41 amnestic 42 impairment
42 impairment 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 46 group
44 and 54 .
45 a 46 group
46 group 47 of
47 of 49 subjects
49 subjects 50 with
50 with 53 impairment
51 executive 52 function
52 function 53 impairment

the wtmt enabled early detection [,] ( ie , borderline mci [ )(of dysexecutive impairment , with 78 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 wtmt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 enabled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 wtmt
2 wtmt 3 enabled
3 enabled 5 detection
3 enabled 17 with
4 early 5 detection
5 detection 10 borderline
7 ( 10 borderline
8 ie 9 ,
8 ie 10 borderline
10 borderline 11 mci
10 borderline 13 )(of
10 borderline 16 ,
13 )(of 15 impairment
14 dysexecutive 15 impairment
17 with 21 and
18 78 19 %
19 % 20 sensitivity
20 sensitivity 21 and
21 and 24 specificity
22 90 23 %
23 % 24 specificity

conclusion : the wtmt is of interest in that it can help provide early detection of dysexecutive cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 wtmt
2 : 5 is
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 wtmt
4 wtmt 5 is
5 is 6 of
5 is 9 that
6 of 7 interest
8 in 9 that
9 that 10 it
9 that 13 provide
10 it 11 can
11 can 12 help
12 help 13 provide
13 provide 15 detection
14 early 15 detection
15 detection 16 of
16 of 19 impairment
17 dysexecutive 19 impairment
18 cognitive 19 impairment

selenium is an essential trace element , which is incorporated as selenocysteine into at least 25 selenoproteins using a unique translational uga - recoding mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 selenium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 selenium 2 is
2 is 6 element
3 an 4 essential
3 an 6 element
4 essential 5 trace
5 trace 6 element
6 element 8 which
7 , 8 which
8 which 9 is
8 which 23 -
9 is 10 incorporated
10 incorporated 11 as
10 incorporated 13 into
10 incorporated 18 using
11 as 12 selenocysteine
13 into 17 selenoproteins
14 at 15 least
15 least 16 25
16 25 17 selenoproteins
18 using 22 uga
19 a 22 uga
20 unique 22 uga
21 translational 22 uga
23 - 25 mechanism
23 - 26 .
24 recoding 25 mechanism

selenoproteins are important enzymes involved in antioxidant defense , redox homeostasis , and redox signaling pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 selenoproteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 selenoproteins 2 are
2 are 4 enzymes
2 are 6 in
2 are 15 signaling
3 important 4 enzymes
4 enzymes 5 involved
6 in 13 and
7 antioxidant 8 defense
8 defense 9 ,
9 , 11 homeostasis
9 , 13 and
10 redox 11 homeostasis
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 redox
15 signaling 16 pathways

selenium levels decline during aging , and its deficiency is associated with a marked increase in mortality for people over 60 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 selenium 2 levels
2 levels 3 decline
3 decline 4 during
4 during 5 aging
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 deficiency
7 and 11 associated
8 its 9 deficiency
9 deficiency 10 is
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 in
11 associated 20 over
12 with 15 increase
13 a 15 increase
14 marked 15 increase
16 in 17 mortality
17 mortality 18 for
18 for 19 people
20 over 22 years
21 60 22 years
22 years 23 of
23 of 24 age

here , we investigate the relationship between selenium levels in the culture medium , selenoprotein expression , and replicative life span of human embryonic lung fibroblast wi - 38 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 relationship
4 investigate 7 between
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 9 levels
8 selenium 9 levels
9 levels 10 in
9 levels 18 and
10 in 13 medium
11 the 13 medium
12 culture 13 medium
14 , 18 and
15 selenoprotein 16 expression
16 expression 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 span
18 and 22 of
18 and 28 -
19 replicative 21 span
20 life 21 span
22 of 27 wi
23 human 25 lung
24 embryonic 25 lung
25 lung 27 wi
26 fibroblast 27 wi
28 - 30 cells
28 - 31 .
29 38 30 cells

selenium levels regulate the entry into replicative senescence and modify the cellular markers characteristic for senescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 selenium 2 levels
2 levels 9 and
3 regulate 5 entry
3 regulate 6 into
3 regulate 9 and
4 the 5 entry
6 into 8 senescence
7 replicative 8 senescence
9 and 10 modify
9 and 17 cells
10 modify 13 markers
11 the 13 markers
12 cellular 13 markers
13 markers 14 characteristic
14 characteristic 15 for
15 for 16 senescent

whereas selenium supplementation extends the number of population doublings , its deficiency impairs the proliferative capacity of wi - 38 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 doublings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 whereas 3 supplementation
1 whereas 4 extends
1 whereas 8 population
2 selenium 3 supplementation
3 supplementation 4 extends
5 the 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 8 population
7 of 8 population
8 population 9 doublings
10 , 12 deficiency
10 , 13 impairs
10 , 19 -
11 its 12 deficiency
12 deficiency 13 impairs
13 impairs 16 capacity
14 the 16 capacity
15 proliferative 16 capacity
16 capacity 17 of
17 of 18 wi
19 - 21 cells
19 - 22 .
20 38 21 cells

we observe that the expression of several selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense is specifically affected in response to cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 observe
2 observe 3 that
3 that 5 expression
3 that 15 affected
4 the 5 expression
5 expression 6 of
5 expression 13 is
6 of 8 selenoproteins
7 several 8 selenoproteins
8 selenoproteins 9 involved
9 involved 10 in
10 in 12 defense
11 antioxidant 12 defense
13 is 14 specifically
13 is 15 affected
15 affected 18 to
16 in 17 response
17 response 18 to
18 to 20 senescence
19 cellular 20 senescence

their expression is selectively controlled by the modulation of mrna levels and translational recoding efficiencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 controlled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 their 2 expression
2 expression 3 is
3 is 4 selectively
3 is 5 controlled
5 controlled 6 by
6 by 8 modulation
7 the 8 modulation
8 modulation 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 mrna 11 levels
11 levels 12 and
12 and 13 translational
12 and 14 recoding
14 recoding 15 efficiencies

our data provide novel mechanistic insights into how selenium impacts the replicative life span of mammalian cells by identifying several selenoproteins as new targets of senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 provide
3 provide 6 insights
3 provide 7 into
3 provide 18 by
4 novel 6 insights
5 mechanistic 6 insights
7 into 8 how
8 how 9 selenium
8 how 10 impacts
9 selenium 10 impacts
10 impacts 14 span
11 the 14 span
12 replicative 13 life
13 life 14 span
14 span 15 of
15 of 17 cells
16 mammalian 17 cells
18 by 19 identifying
19 identifying 21 selenoproteins
20 several 21 selenoproteins
21 selenoproteins 22 as
21 selenoproteins 25 of
22 as 24 targets
23 new 24 targets
25 of 26 senescence

background : human leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) decreases with age and shorter ltl has previously been associated with increased prospective mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 length
2 : 10 decreases
2 : 13 and
2 : 24 .
3 human 6 length
4 leukocyte 6 length
5 telomere 6 length
6 length 8 ltl
6 length 10 decreases
7 ( 8 ltl
8 ltl 9 )
10 decreases 11 with
11 with 12 age
13 and 15 ltl
13 and 19 associated
14 shorter 15 ltl
15 ltl 16 has
16 has 18 been
17 previously 18 been
18 been 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 23 mortality
21 increased 23 mortality
22 prospective 23 mortality

however , it is not clear whether ltl merely marks the health status of an individual by its association with parameters of immune [function] , for example , or whether telomere shortening also contributes causally to lifespan variation in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 lifespan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 not
4 is 6 clear
6 clear 7 whether
6 clear 17 by
6 clear 36 to
7 whether 8 ltl
7 whether 10 marks
8 ltl 10 marks
9 merely 10 marks
10 marks 13 status
11 the 13 status
12 health 13 status
13 status 14 of
14 of 16 individual
15 an 16 individual
17 by 19 association
18 its 19 association
19 association 20 with
19 association 32 shortening
19 association 34 contributes
20 with 21 parameters
21 parameters 22 of
22 of 29 or
23 immune 29 or
25 , 27 example
25 , 29 or
26 for 27 example
27 example 28 ,
29 or 30 whether
31 telomere 32 shortening
32 shortening 34 contributes
33 also 34 contributes
35 causally 36 to
36 to 37 lifespan
37 lifespan 38 variation
38 variation 39 in
39 in 40 humans

methods : we measured ltl in 870 nonagenarian siblings ( mean age 93 years ) , 1580 of their offspring and 725 spouses [thereof] ( mean age 59 years ) from the leiden longevity study ( lls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 measured
2 : 39 .
3 we 4 measured
4 measured 5 ltl
4 measured 6 in
6 in 9 siblings
7 870 9 siblings
8 nonagenarian 9 siblings
9 siblings 14 years
9 siblings 17 1580
10 ( 14 years
11 mean 14 years
12 age 14 years
13 93 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 , 17 1580
17 1580 18 of
17 1580 31 from
17 1580 38 )
18 of 21 and
19 their 20 offspring
20 offspring 21 and
21 and 23 spouses
21 and 29 years
22 725 23 spouses
25 ( 29 years
26 mean 29 years
27 age 29 years
28 59 29 years
29 years 30 )
31 from 37 lls
32 the 37 lls
33 leiden 34 longevity
34 longevity 35 study
35 study 37 lls
36 ( 37 lls

results : we found that shorter ltl is associated with increased prospective mortality in middle ( 30 - 80 years [;] hazard ratio ( hr )=0.75 , p=0.001 ) and highly advanced age ( ≥90 years [;] hr=0.92 , p=0.028 [ )(, and show that this association cannot be explained by the association of ltl with the immune - related markers insulin - like growth factor 1 to insulin - like growth factor binding protein 3 molar ratio , c - reactive protein , interleukin 6 , cytomegalovirus serostatus or white blood cell counts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
2 : 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 ltl
4 found 9 associated
5 that 7 ltl
6 shorter 7 ltl
7 ltl 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 mortality
10 with 14 in
11 increased 13 mortality
12 prospective 13 mortality
14 in 15 middle
15 middle 18 -
16 ( 18 -
17 30 18 -
18 - 30 and
19 80 20 years
20 years 28 p=0.001
20 years 30 and
22 hazard 23 ratio
23 ratio 26 )=0.75
24 ( 26 )=0.75
25 hr 26 )=0.75
26 )=0.75 27 ,
27 , 28 p=0.001
28 p=0.001 29 )
30 and 33 age
30 and 38 hr=0.92
31 highly 32 advanced
32 advanced 33 age
34 ( 38 hr=0.92
35 ≥90 36 years
36 years 38 hr=0.92
38 hr=0.92 39 ,
39 , 50 explained
40 p=0.028 43 and
42 )(, 43 and
43 and 44 show
43 and 45 that
43 and 49 be
43 and 50 explained
45 that 47 association
45 that 49 be
46 this 47 association
47 association 48 cannot
48 cannot 49 be
50 explained 51 by
51 by 53 association
52 the 53 association
53 association 54 of
53 association 64 like
54 of 55 ltl
55 ltl 56 with
55 ltl 62 insulin
56 with 58 immune
57 the 58 immune
59 - 62 insulin
60 related 62 insulin
61 markers 62 insulin
62 insulin 63 -
64 like 66 factor
65 growth 66 factor
66 factor 67 1
66 factor 68 to
68 to 69 insulin
69 insulin 71 like
69 insulin 81 -
70 - 71 like
71 like 78 ratio
71 like 79 ,
72 growth 74 binding
73 factor 74 binding
74 binding 78 ratio
75 protein 78 ratio
76 3 77 molar
77 molar 78 ratio
79 , 81 -
80 c 81 -
81 - 83 protein
82 reactive 83 protein
83 protein 90 or
84 , 90 or
85 interleukin 86 6
85 interleukin 87 ,
87 , 89 serostatus
87 , 90 or
88 cytomegalovirus 89 serostatus
90 or 91 white
90 or 93 cell
90 or 94 counts
90 or 95 .
92 blood 93 cell
93 cell 94 counts

we found no difference in ltl between the middle - aged lls offspring and their spouses ( β=0.006 , p=0.932 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 difference
2 found 5 in
2 found 7 between
3 no 4 difference
5 in 6 ltl
7 between 9 middle
8 the 9 middle
9 middle 14 and
9 middle 20 p=0.932
10 - 14 and
11 aged 13 offspring
12 lls 13 offspring
13 offspring 14 and
14 and 16 spouses
14 and 18 β=0.006
14 and 19 ,
15 their 16 spouses
17 ( 18 β=0.006
18 β=0.006 19 ,
19 , 20 p=0.932
20 p=0.932 21 )

[neither] did we observe an association of ltl - associated genetic variants with mortality in a prospective meta - analysis of multiple cohorts ( n=8165 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 did
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 did 3 we
2 did 4 observe
4 observe 6 association
5 an 6 association
6 association 7 of
7 of 8 ltl
8 ltl 12 variants
9 - 12 variants
10 associated 12 variants
11 genetic 12 variants
12 variants 13 with
12 variants 26 )
13 with 14 mortality
14 mortality 15 in
15 in 20 analysis
16 a 17 prospective
16 a 20 analysis
17 prospective 20 analysis
18 meta 19 -
18 meta 20 analysis
20 analysis 21 of
21 of 23 cohorts
22 multiple 23 cohorts
23 cohorts 25 n=8165
24 ( 25 n=8165
25 n=8165 26 )

conclusions : we confirm ltl to be a marker of prospective mortality in middle [and] highly advanced age and additionally show that this association could not be explained by the association of ltl with various immune - related markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 confirm
3 we 4 confirm
4 confirm 5 ltl
4 confirm 6 to
6 to 19 and
7 be 9 marker
7 be 19 and
8 a 9 marker
9 marker 10 of
10 of 12 mortality
11 prospective 12 mortality
12 mortality 13 in
13 in 18 age
14 middle 18 age
16 highly 17 advanced
17 advanced 18 age
19 and 21 show
20 additionally 21 show
21 show 22 that
21 show 24 association
21 show 28 explained
23 this 24 association
24 association 25 could
25 could 26 not
25 could 27 be
27 be 28 explained
28 explained 29 by
29 by 31 association
30 the 31 association
31 association 32 of
32 of 33 ltl
33 ltl 34 with
34 with 39 markers
35 various 39 markers
36 immune 37 -
36 immune 39 markers
38 related 39 markers

furthermore , the approaches performed here do not further support the hypothesis that ltl variation contributes to the genetic propensity for longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 approaches
3 the 4 approaches
4 approaches 5 performed
4 approaches 7 do
5 performed 6 here
7 do 8 not
7 do 10 support
9 further 10 support
10 support 12 hypothesis
11 the 12 hypothesis
12 hypothesis 13 that
13 that 15 variation
13 that 16 contributes
14 ltl 15 variation
15 variation 16 contributes
16 contributes 17 to
17 to 20 propensity
18 the 20 propensity
19 genetic 20 propensity
20 propensity 21 for
21 for 22 longevity

advances in research methods , data collection and record keeping , and statistical software have substantially increased our ability to conduct rigorous research across the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 advances 2 in
1 advances 5 ,
2 in 4 methods
3 research 4 methods
5 , 7 collection
5 , 8 and
6 data 7 collection
8 and 10 keeping
8 and 12 and
9 record 10 keeping
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 software
12 and 15 have
13 statistical 14 software
15 have 17 increased
16 substantially 17 increased
17 increased 19 ability
18 our 19 ability
19 ability 20 to
19 ability 21 conduct
20 to 21 conduct
21 conduct 23 research
22 rigorous 23 research
23 research 24 across
24 across 26 lifespan
25 the 26 lifespan

in this article , we review a set of cutting - edge statistical methods that life [-] course researchers can use to rigorously address their research questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 review
6 review 8 set
7 a 8 set
8 set 9 of
8 set 15 that
8 set 21 use
9 of 14 methods
10 cutting 11 -
10 cutting 12 edge
12 edge 14 methods
13 statistical 14 methods
15 that 19 researchers
15 that 21 use
16 life 19 researchers
18 course 19 researchers
19 researchers 20 can
20 can 21 use
21 use 22 to
22 to 24 address
23 rigorously 24 address
24 address 27 questions
25 their 27 questions
26 research 27 questions

for each technique , we describe the method , highlight the benefits and unique attributes of the strategy , [offer] a step - [by] - step guide on how to conduct the analysis , and illustrate the technique using data from the national institute of child health and human development study of early child care and youth development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 for 3 technique
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 we
2 each 3 technique
5 we 9 ,
6 describe 8 method
6 describe 9 ,
7 the 8 method
9 , 10 highlight
9 , 51 study
10 highlight 27 guide
10 highlight 39 using
11 the 27 guide
12 benefits 13 and
13 and 15 attributes
13 and 25 -
13 and 26 step
14 unique 15 attributes
15 attributes 16 of
16 of 18 strategy
17 the 18 strategy
18 strategy 22 step
19 , 22 step
21 a 22 step
22 step 23 -
26 step 27 guide
27 guide 28 on
28 on 29 how
29 how 30 to
29 how 35 and
30 to 35 and
31 conduct 33 analysis
31 conduct 35 and
32 the 33 analysis
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 illustrate
36 illustrate 38 technique
37 the 38 technique
39 using 40 data
40 data 41 from
40 data 45 of
41 from 44 institute
42 the 44 institute
43 national 44 institute
45 of 48 and
46 child 47 health
47 health 48 and
48 and 50 development
49 human 50 development
51 study 52 of
52 of 56 and
53 early 54 child
54 child 55 care
55 care 56 and
56 and 58 development
57 youth 58 development

in addition , we recommend a set of technical and empirical readings for each technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recommend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 recommend
5 recommend 7 set
6 a 7 set
7 set 8 of
8 of 12 readings
9 technical 10 and
10 and 11 empirical
10 and 12 readings
12 readings 13 for
13 for 15 technique
14 each 15 technique

our goal was not to address a substantive question of interest but instead to provide life - course researchers with a useful reference guide to cutting - edge statistical methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 our 2 goal
2 goal 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 5 to
3 was 6 address
5 to 6 address
6 address 9 question
6 address 12 but
7 a 9 question
8 substantive 9 question
9 question 10 of
10 of 11 interest
12 but 14 to
12 but 15 provide
13 instead 14 to
14 to 15 provide
15 provide 16 life
17 - 19 researchers
18 course 19 researchers
19 researchers 20 with
19 researchers 25 to
20 with 24 guide
21 a 24 guide
22 useful 23 reference
23 reference 24 guide
25 to 30 methods
26 cutting 27 -
26 cutting 28 edge
28 edge 30 methods
29 statistical 30 methods

none studies suggest improvements of [neurocognitive] function among older adults who undergo aerobic exercise training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 none 2 studies
1 none 5 of
1 none 7 function
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 improvements
4 improvements 5 of
7 function 8 among
8 among 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 who
10 adults 12 undergo
11 who 12 undergo
12 undergo 15 training
13 aerobic 14 exercise
14 exercise 15 training

this study sought to examine the impact of an aerobic exercise intervention on verbal fluency in sedentary older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 examine
4 to 5 examine
5 examine 7 impact
5 examine 13 on
5 examine 16 in
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
8 of 12 intervention
9 an 10 aerobic
9 an 12 intervention
10 aerobic 11 exercise
11 exercise 12 intervention
13 on 15 fluency
14 verbal 15 fluency
16 in 19 adults
17 sedentary 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

twenty community - dwelling older adults were recruited and enrolled in either a spin exercise group or a control condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 twenty 2 community
3 - 6 adults
3 - 9 and
3 - 21 .
4 dwelling 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 9 and
7 were 8 recruited
7 were 9 and
9 and 10 enrolled
9 and 11 in
11 in 17 or
12 either 17 or
13 a 14 spin
13 a 16 group
14 spin 16 group
15 exercise 16 group
16 group 17 or
17 or 20 condition
18 a 19 control
18 a 20 condition
19 control 20 condition

participants were evaluated with an estimated v02max test and [on] measures [of] letter , category , and switching verbal fluency both before and after a 12 [-] week intervention period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 4 with
4 with 17 and
4 with 21 both
5 an 8 test
6 estimated 8 test
7 v02max 8 test
8 test 9 and
9 and 13 letter
9 and 14 ,
11 measures 13 letter
14 , 15 category
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 fluency
18 switching 20 fluency
19 verbal 20 fluency
21 both 23 and
22 before 23 and
23 and 24 after
24 after 30 period
25 a 30 period
26 12 28 week
28 week 30 period
29 intervention 30 period

spin exercise resulted in a significant improvement in category [(] semantic ) verbal fluency when compared with the control group ( 15 % vs [.] 2 % [increase] , respectively ; p = . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 spin 2 exercise
2 exercise 3 resulted
3 resulted 4 in
3 resulted 15 when
4 in 7 improvement
5 a 7 improvement
6 significant 7 improvement
7 improvement 8 in
8 in 14 fluency
9 category 14 fluency
11 semantic 12 )
11 semantic 14 fluency
13 verbal 14 fluency
15 when 16 compared
16 compared 17 with
16 compared 30 respectively
17 with 20 group
18 the 20 group
19 control 20 group
20 group 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 15 23 %
23 % 24 vs
23 % 29 ,
24 vs 27 %
26 2 27 %
31 ; 32 p
31 ; 33 =
32 p 33 =
34 . 35 001
34 . 37 )(

spin exercise also resulted in a significant improvement in estimated v02max ( p = [.] 005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 spin 2 exercise
2 exercise 4 resulted
3 also 4 resulted
4 resulted 5 in
4 resulted 9 in
5 in 8 improvement
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 improvement
7 significant 8 improvement
9 in 11 v02max
10 estimated 11 v02max
11 v02max 14 =
12 ( 14 =
13 p 14 =
14 = 16 005
14 = 17 )

also important , the spin exercise group demonstrated a high level [of] adherence ( mean adherence [=] 82.5 [%] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 also 2 important
2 important 3 ,
2 important 7 group
4 the 7 group
5 spin 7 group
6 exercise 7 group
7 group 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 13 adherence
9 a 10 high
9 a 13 adherence
10 high 13 adherence
11 level 13 adherence
13 adherence 16 adherence
14 ( 16 adherence
15 mean 16 adherence
16 adherence 18 82.5
16 adherence 20 )

spin exercise can be an effective mode of aerobic exercise to improve semantic fluency in previously sedentary older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 spin 2 exercise
2 exercise 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 7 mode
4 be 11 to
5 an 6 effective
5 an 7 mode
6 effective 7 mode
7 mode 8 of
8 of 10 exercise
9 aerobic 10 exercise
11 to 12 improve
12 improve 14 fluency
12 improve 15 in
13 semantic 14 fluency
15 in 19 adults
16 previously 17 sedentary
17 sedentary 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

this study evaluates the separate effect and retention of 12 - week traditional [(] te ) and horse ( he ) exercise programs on physical function [in] healthy older participants ( 61 to 87 years old ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 evaluates
3 evaluates 6 effect
4 the 6 effect
5 separate 6 effect
7 and 17 and
7 and 22 exercise
8 retention 9 of
8 retention 17 and
9 of 10 12
10 12 15 te
11 - 15 te
12 week 15 te
13 traditional 15 te
15 te 16 )
17 and 18 horse
17 and 20 he
17 and 22 exercise
19 ( 20 he
20 he 21 )
22 exercise 23 programs
22 exercise 24 on
24 on 30 participants
25 physical 26 function
26 function 30 participants
28 healthy 30 participants
29 older 30 participants
30 participants 36 old
31 ( 36 old
32 61 33 to
33 to 34 87
33 to 35 years
35 years 36 old
36 old 37 )

thirty - eight participants were randomly assigned to three groups : te ( n = 17 ) , he ( n = 10 ) , and control group ( n = 11 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 eight
2 - 4 participants
4 participants 5 were
5 were 6 randomly
5 were 7 assigned
7 assigned 8 to
8 to 10 groups
9 three 10 groups
11 : 26 and
11 : 28 group
11 : 34 .
12 te 15 =
12 te 18 ,
13 ( 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 17
15 = 17 )
18 , 19 he
18 , 26 and
19 he 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 n 22 =
22 = 23 10
22 = 24 )
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 control
26 and 28 group
28 group 31 =
29 ( 31 =
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 11
31 = 33 )

te and he underwent a supervised exercise program ( 3 [day] / week ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 te 2 and
2 and 3 he
2 and 4 underwent
4 underwent 8 program
5 a 8 program
6 supervised 7 exercise
7 exercise 8 program
8 program 13 week
9 ( 13 week
10 3 13 week
12 / 13 week
13 week 14 )

maximal gait speed , muscle strength , and body balance were assessed at weeks 0 , 12 , [and] 16 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 maximal 3 speed
2 gait 3 speed
3 speed 4 ,
4 , 6 strength
4 , 8 and
5 muscle 6 strength
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 balance
8 and 11 were
9 body 10 balance
11 were 12 assessed
12 assessed 13 at
13 at 14 weeks
14 weeks 15 0
16 , 17 12
16 , 18 ,
18 , 20 16

only te and he displayed significant improvements ( p < [.] 05 [ )(in knee extensor strength , and only he had faster gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 only 3 and
2 te 3 and
3 and 4 he
3 and 5 displayed
3 and 7 improvements
3 and 15 knee
3 and 22 had
6 significant 7 improvements
7 improvements 10 <
7 improvements 15 knee
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 14 )(in
12 05 14 )(in
15 knee 19 and
16 extensor 17 strength
17 strength 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 only
19 and 21 he
22 had 25 speed
23 faster 24 gait
24 gait 25 speed

marginal balance improvements were found only in he in the medial - lateral direction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 marginal 2 balance
2 balance 3 improvements
3 improvements 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 only
5 found 9 in
6 only 7 in
7 in 8 he
9 in 14 direction
10 the 14 direction
11 medial 12 -
11 medial 14 direction
13 lateral 14 direction

however , te showed larger improvements in handgrip than he . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 te
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 te
3 te 4 showed
4 showed 6 improvements
4 showed 7 in
4 showed 9 than
5 larger 6 improvements
7 in 8 handgrip
9 than 10 he

the largest retention was in knee extensor strength but most of the exercise effects were lost in [the] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 retention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
1 the 2 largest
1 the 3 retention
3 retention 4 was
4 was 5 in
5 in 8 strength
6 knee 8 strength
7 extensor 8 strength
9 but 10 most
9 but 19 follow
10 most 11 of
10 most 16 lost
10 most 19 follow
11 of 13 exercise
12 the 13 exercise
13 exercise 14 effects
13 exercise 15 were
14 effects 15 were
16 lost 17 in
19 follow 21 up
20 - 21 up
21 up 22 .

besides te , exercise with a horse may be an alternative option to older adults , provided that they want to interact with the animal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 besides 2 te
1 besides 3 ,
1 besides 4 exercise
4 exercise 5 with
4 exercise 16 ,
5 with 7 horse
6 a 7 horse
8 may 9 be
8 may 16 ,
9 be 12 option
10 an 11 alternative
10 an 12 option
11 alternative 12 option
12 option 13 to
13 to 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 , 17 provided
17 provided 18 that
18 that 19 they
18 that 20 want
19 they 20 want
20 want 21 to
20 want 22 interact
21 to 22 interact
22 interact 23 with
23 with 25 animal
24 the 25 animal

unlabelled : limited data exist regarding metabolic risk factors for deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) in aging individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 exist
3 limited 4 data
4 data 5 exist
5 exist 9 factors
6 regarding 9 factors
7 metabolic 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
9 factors 10 for
10 for 11 deaths
11 deaths 12 from
11 deaths 18 in
12 from 14 carcinoma
13 hepatocellular 14 carcinoma
14 carcinoma 16 hcc
15 ( 16 hcc
16 hcc 17 )
18 in 19 aging
19 aging 20 individuals

we investigated the association between diabetes , dyslipidemia , and hcc mortality in those aged 40 years or more [(] middle - aged and elderly ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 10 and
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 between
4 association 7 ,
5 between 6 diabetes
7 , 8 dyslipidemia
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 21 middle
10 and 24 and
11 hcc 12 mortality
12 mortality 13 in
12 mortality 18 or
13 in 17 years
14 those 17 years
15 aged 17 years
16 40 17 years
18 or 19 more
18 or 21 middle
22 - 24 and
23 aged 24 and
24 and 25 elderly
24 and 26 )

in this prospective cohort study based on nationwide health screening units , we consecutively followed middle [-] aged and elderly participants who had no chronic hepatitis b or [c] virus infection and received health screening from january 1 1998 to december 31 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 5 study
1 in 13 we
2 this 3 prospective
3 prospective 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study
6 based 7 on
6 based 12 ,
6 based 13 we
7 on 9 health
8 nationwide 9 health
9 health 10 screening
10 screening 11 units
13 we 15 followed
14 consecutively 15 followed
15 followed 21 participants
16 middle 21 participants
18 aged 19 and
19 and 20 elderly
19 and 21 participants
21 participants 22 who
21 participants 23 had
22 who 23 had
23 had 32 and
24 no 32 and
25 chronic 26 hepatitis
26 hepatitis 27 b
26 hepatitis 28 or
28 or 31 infection
28 or 32 and
30 virus 31 infection
32 and 34 health
32 and 35 screening
33 received 34 health
35 screening 36 from
35 screening 39 1998
35 screening 40 to
36 from 37 january
37 january 38 1
40 to 41 december
41 december 42 31
41 december 43 2008

there were 235 deaths from hcc among 50,080 individuals , ascertained by validated death certificates and the national death registry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 deaths
3 235 4 deaths
4 deaths 5 from
4 deaths 7 among
5 from 6 hcc
7 among 9 individuals
8 50,080 9 individuals
9 individuals 11 ascertained
10 , 11 ascertained
11 ascertained 12 by
11 ascertained 21 .
12 by 16 and
13 validated 14 death
14 death 15 certificates
15 certificates 16 and
16 and 20 registry
17 the 20 registry
18 national 20 registry
19 death 20 registry

diabetes [(] adjusted hazard [ratio] [ hr ] , 3.38 ; 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] , 2.35 to 4.86 ) was positively associated with deaths from hcc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 diabetes 3 adjusted
3 adjusted 4 hazard
4 hazard 7 hr
6 [ 7 hr
7 hr 8 ]
9 , 10 3.38
9 , 11 ;
11 ; 14 confidence
11 ; 26 associated
12 95 13 %
13 % 14 confidence
14 confidence 17 ci
14 confidence 21 to
14 confidence 24 was
16 [ 17 ci
17 ci 18 ]
19 , 21 to
20 2.35 21 to
21 to 22 4.86
21 to 23 )
24 was 26 associated
25 positively 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
26 associated 29 from
27 with 28 deaths
29 from 30 hcc

however , hypertriglyceridemia ( hr , 0.38 [;] 95 % ci , 0.26 to 0.55 ) and hypercholesterolemia ( hr , 0.50 [;] 95 % ci , 0.37 to 0.67 ) were inversely associated with hcc mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypertriglyceridemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 hypertriglyceridemia
3 hypertriglyceridemia 17 and
3 hypertriglyceridemia 32 were
4 ( 17 and
5 hr 11 ci
5 hr 17 and
6 , 11 ci
7 0.38 11 ci
9 95 11 ci
10 % 11 ci
11 ci 14 to
11 ci 16 )
12 , 14 to
13 0.26 14 to
14 to 15 0.55
14 to 16 )
17 and 18 hypercholesterolemia
17 and 20 hr
17 and 26 ci
17 and 29 to
17 and 31 )
19 ( 20 hr
20 hr 21 ,
21 , 26 ci
22 0.50 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 ,
27 , 29 to
28 0.37 29 to
29 to 30 0.67
29 to 31 )
32 were 34 associated
33 inversely 34 associated
34 associated 35 with
35 with 37 mortality
36 hcc 37 mortality

the [above] significant associations remained in the lag time analyses , applied to check for reverse causation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 associations
3 significant 4 associations
4 associations 11 ,
5 remained 6 in
5 remained 11 ,
6 in 10 analyses
7 the 10 analyses
8 lag 10 analyses
9 time 10 analyses
11 , 12 applied
11 , 13 to
11 , 15 for
13 to 14 check
15 for 17 causation
16 reverse 17 causation

metabolic syndrome [,] [as] defined by the american heart association [/] national heart lung blood institute criteria [(] [hr] [,] [0.63] [;] [95] [%] [ci] [,] 0.46 to 0.86 [ )( by the international diabetes federation criteria ( hr , 0.62 [;] 95 % ci , 0.43 to 0.89 ) , [was] inversely associated [with] deaths from hcc , especially in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 syndrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 defined
1 metabolic 2 syndrome
2 syndrome 5 defined
5 defined 6 by
5 defined 17 criteria
6 by 16 institute
7 the 16 institute
8 american 16 institute
9 heart 10 association
10 association 12 national
12 national 13 heart
13 heart 14 lung
14 lung 15 blood
15 blood 16 institute
17 criteria 27 0.46
17 criteria 28 to
28 to 29 0.86
29 0.86 32 by
29 0.86 39 hr
32 by 37 criteria
33 the 37 criteria
34 international 37 criteria
35 diabetes 36 federation
36 federation 37 criteria
38 ( 39 hr
39 hr 45 ci
39 hr 51 ,
40 , 45 ci
41 0.62 45 ci
43 95 45 ci
44 % 45 ci
45 ci 48 to
45 ci 50 )
46 , 48 to
47 0.43 48 to
48 to 49 0.89
48 to 50 )
51 , 54 associated
53 inversely 54 associated
54 associated 56 deaths
54 associated 63 .
56 deaths 57 from
57 from 58 hcc
58 hcc 61 in
59 , 60 especially
59 , 61 in
61 in 62 men
61 in 63 .

conclusion : middle - aged and elderly individuals , once having diabetes , deserve hcc surveillance to reduce hcc mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 middle
4 - 8 individuals
4 - 14 deserve
4 - 21 .
5 aged 6 and
6 and 7 elderly
6 and 8 individuals
8 individuals 11 having
8 individuals 14 deserve
9 , 11 having
10 once 11 having
11 having 12 diabetes
11 having 13 ,
14 deserve 16 surveillance
14 deserve 17 to
15 hcc 16 surveillance
17 to 18 reduce
18 reduce 20 mortality
19 hcc 20 mortality

more research is needed to elucidate [why] having baseline dyslipidemia relates to lower future hcc mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 more 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 9 baseline
8 having 9 baseline
9 baseline 10 dyslipidemia
9 baseline 11 relates
10 dyslipidemia 11 relates
11 relates 12 to
12 to 13 lower
13 lower 16 mortality
14 future 16 mortality
15 hcc 16 mortality

background and purpose : lesioned brains of patients with stroke [may] change through the course of recovery ; however , little is known about their evolution in the chronic phase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 :
4 : 6 brains
5 lesioned 6 brains
6 brains 7 of
7 of 8 patients
8 patients 9 with
8 patients 16 of
9 with 12 change
10 stroke 12 change
12 change 13 through
13 through 15 course
14 the 15 course
16 of 17 recovery
18 ; 21 little
18 ; 23 known
19 however 20 ,
19 however 21 little
21 little 22 is
22 is 23 known
23 known 24 about
23 known 27 in
24 about 26 evolution
25 their 26 evolution
27 in 30 phase
28 the 30 phase
29 chronic 30 phase

here , we aimed to quantify the extent of lesion volume change and brain atrophy in the chronic poststroke brain using magnetic resonance imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 13 and
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 6 quantify
4 aimed 13 and
5 to 6 quantify
6 quantify 8 extent
7 the 8 extent
8 extent 9 of
9 of 12 change
10 lesion 11 volume
11 volume 12 change
13 and 14 brain
14 brain 15 atrophy
14 brain 16 in
14 brain 21 using
16 in 20 brain
17 the 20 brain
18 chronic 20 brain
19 poststroke 20 brain
21 using 24 imaging
22 magnetic 23 resonance
23 resonance 24 imaging

methods : optimized t1 [-] weighted [scans] [were] collected more than once ( time between visits=2 months to 6 years ) in 56 patients ( age=36 - 90 years [;] time poststroke=3 months to 20 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 t1
3 optimized 4 t1
4 t1 6 weighted
4 t1 9 collected
4 t1 14 time
9 collected 10 more
9 collected 11 than
9 collected 12 once
13 ( 14 time
14 time 15 between
14 time 37 )
15 between 17 months
16 visits=2 17 months
17 months 29 years
17 months 31 time
18 to 20 years
18 to 21 )
18 to 29 years
19 6 20 years
22 in 24 patients
22 in 29 years
23 56 24 patients
24 patients 26 age=36
25 ( 26 age=36
26 age=36 27 -
28 90 29 years
29 years 31 time
31 time 33 months
32 poststroke=3 33 months
33 months 34 to
34 to 36 years
35 20 36 years

volumetric changes attributable to lesion growth and atrophy were quantified with automated procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 volumetric 2 changes
2 changes 3 attributable
2 changes 7 and
3 attributable 4 to
3 attributable 5 lesion
4 to 5 lesion
5 lesion 6 growth
7 and 8 atrophy
7 and 9 were
9 were 10 quantified
10 quantified 11 with
11 with 13 procedures
12 automated 13 procedures

we looked at [how] volumetric changes related to time between visits , using nonparametric statistics , after controlling for age , time poststroke , and brain and lesion size at the earlier time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 looked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 looked
2 looked 3 at
2 looked 8 to
2 looked 17 after
2 looked 30 at
3 at 6 changes
5 volumetric 6 changes
6 changes 7 related
8 to 9 time
9 time 10 between
9 time 13 using
10 between 11 visits
12 , 13 using
13 using 15 statistics
13 using 16 ,
14 nonparametric 15 statistics
17 after 18 controlling
18 controlling 19 for
18 controlling 29 size
19 for 27 and
20 age 21 ,
21 , 23 poststroke
21 , 25 and
22 time 23 poststroke
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 brain
25 and 27 and
27 and 28 lesion
30 at 33 time
31 the 33 time
32 earlier 33 time

results : lesions expanded more in patients who had longer time - intervals between their imaging sessions ( partial rank correlation ρ=0.56 ; p<0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 )(
2 : 3 lesions
2 : 23 ;
3 lesions 4 expanded
3 lesions 6 in
3 lesions 8 who
3 lesions 9 had
4 expanded 5 more
6 in 7 patients
8 who 9 had
9 had 11 time
10 longer 11 time
11 time 13 intervals
12 - 13 intervals
13 intervals 14 between
13 intervals 22 ρ=0.56
13 intervals 23 ;
14 between 17 sessions
15 their 17 sessions
16 imaging 17 sessions
18 ( 22 ρ=0.56
19 partial 21 correlation
20 rank 21 correlation
21 correlation 22 ρ=0.56
22 ρ=0.56 23 ;
23 ; 24 p<0.001

the median rate of lesion growth was 1.59 [cm] ( 3 [ )(per year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 the 3 rate
2 median 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 7 was
4 of 6 growth
5 lesion 6 growth
7 was 8 1.59
8 1.59 11 3
10 ( 11 3
11 3 13 )(per
11 3 15 .
13 )(per 14 year

across patients , the whole - brain atrophy rate was 0.95 % per year , with accelerated atrophy in the ipsilesional hemisphere . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
1 across 2 patients
1 across 3 ,
1 across 9 rate
4 the 9 rate
5 whole 6 -
5 whole 7 brain
7 brain 9 rate
8 atrophy 9 rate
9 rate 10 was
10 was 12 %
11 0.95 12 %
12 % 13 per
12 % 16 with
13 per 14 year
15 , 16 with
16 with 18 atrophy
16 with 23 .
17 accelerated 18 atrophy
18 atrophy 19 in
19 in 22 hemisphere
20 the 22 hemisphere
21 ipsilesional 22 hemisphere

conclusions : we show gradual lesion expansion many years [after] stroke , beyond that expected by normal aging and after controlling for other variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 show
3 we 4 show
4 show 7 expansion
5 gradual 6 lesion
6 lesion 7 expansion
7 expansion 9 years
7 expansion 11 stroke
8 many 9 years
9 years 11 stroke
11 stroke 13 beyond
12 , 13 beyond
13 beyond 14 that
13 beyond 25 .
14 that 15 expected
15 expected 19 and
16 by 18 aging
16 by 19 and
17 normal 18 aging
19 and 20 after
20 after 21 controlling
21 controlling 22 for
22 for 24 variables
23 other 24 variables

future studies need to understand how structural reorganization enables long - term recovery even when the brain is shrinking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 need
3 need 4 to
3 need 14 even
4 to 5 understand
5 understand 6 how
6 how 8 reorganization
6 how 9 enables
7 structural 8 reorganization
8 reorganization 9 enables
9 enables 13 recovery
10 long 11 -
10 long 12 term
12 term 13 recovery
14 even 15 when
15 when 17 brain
15 when 19 shrinking
16 the 17 brain
17 brain 18 is
18 is 19 shrinking

background and purpose : cerebral autoregulation may be impaired in the early days after subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
4 : 6 autoregulation
4 : 9 impaired
4 : 20 .
5 cerebral 6 autoregulation
6 autoregulation 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 impaired
9 impaired 10 in
9 impaired 14 after
10 in 13 days
11 the 13 days
12 early 13 days
14 after 16 hemorrhage
15 subarachnoid 16 hemorrhage
16 hemorrhage 18 sah
17 ( 18 sah
18 sah 19 )

the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cerebral autoregulation and angiographic vasospasm ( avsp ) and radiographic delayed cerebral ischemia ( dci ) in patients with sah . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 relationship
8 examine 11 between
8 examine 28 in
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 20 and
12 cerebral 13 autoregulation
13 autoregulation 14 and
14 and 16 vasospasm
14 and 18 avsp
14 and 20 and
15 angiographic 16 vasospasm
17 ( 18 avsp
18 avsp 19 )
20 and 24 ischemia
20 and 26 dci
21 radiographic 24 ischemia
22 delayed 24 ischemia
23 cerebral 24 ischemia
25 ( 26 dci
26 dci 27 )
28 in 29 patients
29 patients 30 with
30 with 31 sah

methods : sixty - eight patients ( 54±13 years ) with a diagnosis of nontraumatic sah [were] studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 patients
2 : 11 with
3 sixty 4 -
4 - 5 eight
4 - 6 patients
6 patients 9 years
7 ( 9 years
8 54±13 9 years
9 years 10 )
11 with 13 diagnosis
12 a 13 diagnosis
13 diagnosis 14 of
14 of 16 sah
15 nontraumatic 16 sah
16 sah 18 studied

dynamic cerebral autoregulation was assessed using transfer function analysis ( [phase] and gain ) of the spontaneous blood pressure and blood flow velocity oscillations on days 2 to 4 post - sah . avsp was diagnosed using [a] 4 - vessel conventional angiogram . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 autoregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 dynamic 3 autoregulation
2 cerebral 3 autoregulation
3 autoregulation 4 was
4 was 6 using
5 assessed 6 using
6 using 12 and
6 using 18 blood
7 transfer 9 analysis
8 function 9 analysis
9 analysis 12 and
10 ( 12 and
12 and 13 gain
12 and 14 )
12 and 15 of
12 and 18 blood
15 of 17 spontaneous
16 the 17 spontaneous
18 blood 32 sah
19 pressure 20 and
20 and 24 oscillations
20 and 31 -
20 and 32 sah
21 blood 24 oscillations
22 flow 24 oscillations
23 velocity 24 oscillations
24 oscillations 25 on
25 on 30 post
26 days 28 to
26 days 30 post
27 2 28 to
28 to 29 4
33 . 34 avsp
34 avsp 35 was
35 was 36 diagnosed
36 diagnosed 37 using
37 using 39 4
39 4 43 angiogram
40 - 43 angiogram
41 vessel 43 angiogram
42 conventional 43 angiogram
43 angiogram 44 .

dci was diagnosed from ct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 dci 2 was
2 was 3 diagnosed
3 diagnosed 4 from
4 from 5 ct

decision tree models were used to identify optimal [cut] - [off] points for clinical and physiological predictors of avsp [and] dci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 decision 3 models
2 tree 3 models
3 models 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 identify
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 12 points
8 optimal 10 -
8 optimal 12 points
12 points 13 for
12 points 18 of
13 for 17 predictors
14 clinical 15 and
15 and 16 physiological
15 and 17 predictors
18 of 19 avsp
19 avsp 21 dci

multivariate logistic regression models were used to develop and validate a risk scoring tool for each outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 multivariate 4 models
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 models
4 models 9 and
5 were 6 used
5 were 9 and
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 develop
7 to 8 develop
9 and 10 validate
9 and 14 tool
11 a 14 tool
12 risk 13 scoring
13 scoring 14 tool
14 tool 15 for
15 for 17 outcome
16 each 17 outcome

results : sixty - two percent of patients developed avsp , and 19 % developed dci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 percent
2 : 9 developed
2 : 12 and
2 : 17 .
3 sixty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 percent
6 percent 7 of
6 percent 9 developed
7 of 8 patients
9 developed 10 avsp
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 %
12 and 15 developed
13 19 14 %
14 % 15 developed
15 developed 16 dci

patients with avsp had higher transfer function gain [(] 1.06±0.33 versus 0.89±0.30 ; p=0.04 [ )(and patients with dci had lower transfer function phase [(] 17.5±39.6 versus 38.3±18.2 ; p=0.03 [ )(compared with those who did not develop either . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 4 had
2 with 3 avsp
4 had 10 1.06±0.33
5 higher 6 transfer
6 transfer 10 1.06±0.33
7 function 10 1.06±0.33
8 gain 10 1.06±0.33
10 1.06±0.33 11 versus
11 versus 12 0.89±0.30
13 ; 16 )(and
13 ; 20 had
13 ; 29 ;
14 p=0.04 16 )(and
16 )(and 17 patients
16 )(and 18 with
16 )(and 20 had
18 with 19 dci
20 had 26 17.5±39.6
21 lower 22 transfer
22 transfer 23 function
23 function 26 17.5±39.6
24 phase 26 17.5±39.6
26 17.5±39.6 27 versus
27 versus 28 38.3±18.2
29 ; 30 p=0.03
29 ; 32 )(compared
30 p=0.03 32 )(compared
32 )(compared 33 with
32 )(compared 39 either
33 with 34 those
34 those 35 who
34 those 36 did
35 who 36 did
36 did 37 not
36 did 38 develop

conclusions : dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired in the early days after sah . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 autoregulation
2 : 7 impaired
2 : 14 .
3 dynamic 5 autoregulation
4 cerebral 5 autoregulation
5 autoregulation 6 is
6 is 7 impaired
7 impaired 8 in
7 impaired 12 after
8 in 11 days
9 the 11 days
10 early 11 days
12 after 13 sah

including autoregulation as part of the initial clinical and radiographic assessment may enhance our ability to identify patients at a high risk for developing secondary complications after sah . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 including
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 enhance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 including 2 autoregulation
1 including 3 as
1 including 12 may
3 as 11 assessment
4 part 5 of
4 part 11 assessment
5 of 11 assessment
6 the 11 assessment
7 initial 11 assessment
8 clinical 9 and
9 and 10 radiographic
9 and 11 assessment
12 may 13 enhance
13 enhance 15 ability
14 our 15 ability
15 ability 16 to
15 ability 17 identify
16 to 17 identify
17 identify 18 patients
17 identify 19 at
17 identify 23 for
19 at 22 risk
20 a 22 risk
21 high 22 risk
23 for 24 developing
24 developing 26 complications
24 developing 27 after
25 secondary 26 complications
27 after 28 sah

importance : late - onset alzheimer disease ( load ) , defined as [onset] of symptoms after age 65 years , is the most common form of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 7 disease
2 : 22 is
3 late 4 -
3 late 5 onset
5 onset 7 disease
6 alzheimer 7 disease
7 disease 9 load
7 disease 12 defined
7 disease 22 is
8 ( 9 load
9 load 10 )
11 , 12 defined
12 defined 13 as
12 defined 21 ,
13 as 15 of
15 of 16 symptoms
16 symptoms 17 after
17 after 20 years
18 age 20 years
19 65 20 years
22 is 26 form
23 the 26 form
24 most 25 common
25 common 26 form
26 form 27 of
27 of 28 dementia

few reports investigate incidence rates in large family - based studies in which the participants were selected for family history of load . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 few 2 reports
2 reports 3 investigate
3 investigate 5 rates
3 investigate 6 in
4 incidence 5 rates
6 in 8 family
7 large 8 family
9 - 11 studies
10 based 11 studies
11 studies 12 in
12 in 13 which
12 in 15 participants
12 in 17 selected
14 the 15 participants
15 participants 16 were
16 were 17 selected
17 selected 18 for
18 for 20 history
19 family 20 history
20 history 21 of
21 of 22 load

objective : to determine the incidence rates of dementia and load in unaffected members in the national institute on aging genetics initiative for late - onset alzheimer disease/national cell repository for alzheimer disease ( nia - load/ncrad ) and estudio familiar de influencia genetica [en] alzheimer ( efiga ) family studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 7 rates
4 determine 19 on
4 determine 23 for
5 the 7 rates
6 incidence 7 rates
7 rates 8 of
7 rates 12 in
8 of 10 and
9 dementia 10 and
10 and 11 load
12 in 14 members
13 unaffected 14 members
14 members 15 in
15 in 18 institute
16 the 18 institute
17 national 18 institute
19 on 22 initiative
20 aging 21 genetics
21 genetics 22 initiative
23 for 39 and
24 late 30 repository
24 late 39 and
25 - 30 repository
26 onset 30 repository
27 alzheimer 28 disease/national
28 disease/national 29 cell
29 cell 30 repository
30 repository 31 for
30 repository 38 )
31 for 35 nia
32 alzheimer 33 disease
33 disease 35 nia
34 ( 35 nia
35 nia 37 load/ncrad
36 - 37 load/ncrad
37 load/ncrad 38 )
39 and 51 studies
40 estudio 41 familiar
41 familiar 42 de
42 de 43 influencia
43 influencia 44 genetica
44 genetica 50 family
46 alzheimer 48 efiga
47 ( 48 efiga
48 efiga 49 )
48 efiga 50 family
50 family 51 studies

design , setting , and participants : families with 2 or more affected siblings who had a clinical or pathological diagnosis of load were recruited as a part of the nia - load/ncrad family study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
5 and 6 participants
7 : 11 or
7 : 25 recruited
7 : 32 -
8 families 9 with
8 families 11 or
9 with 10 2
11 or 14 siblings
11 or 15 who
11 or 16 had
11 or 24 were
12 more 14 siblings
13 affected 14 siblings
15 who 16 had
16 had 21 diagnosis
17 a 21 diagnosis
18 clinical 19 or
19 or 20 pathological
19 or 21 diagnosis
21 diagnosis 22 of
22 of 23 load
24 were 25 recruited
25 recruited 26 as
26 as 28 part
27 a 28 part
28 part 29 of
29 of 31 nia
30 the 31 nia
32 - 35 study
33 load/ncrad 34 family
34 family 35 study

a cohort of caribbean hispanics with familial load was recruited in a different study at the taub institute for research on alzheimer 's disease and the aging brain in new york and from clinics in the dominican republic as part of the efiga study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cohort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 a 2 cohort
2 cohort 3 of
2 cohort 9 was
3 of 5 hispanics
4 caribbean 5 hispanics
5 hispanics 6 with
6 with 8 load
7 familial 8 load
9 was 10 recruited
10 recruited 11 in
10 recruited 32 and
11 in 14 study
12 a 14 study
13 different 14 study
14 study 15 at
15 at 18 institute
16 the 18 institute
17 taub 18 institute
19 for 25 and
19 for 32 and
20 research 21 on
20 research 25 and
21 on 24 disease
22 alzheimer 23 's
23 's 24 disease
25 and 28 brain
25 and 29 in
26 the 28 brain
27 aging 28 brain
29 in 31 york
30 new 31 york
32 and 33 from
33 from 34 clinics
34 clinics 35 in
34 clinics 39 as
35 in 38 republic
36 the 38 republic
37 dominican 38 republic
39 as 44 study
40 part 41 of
40 part 44 study
41 of 44 study
42 the 44 study
43 efiga 44 study

main outcomes and measures : age - specific incidence rates of load were estimated in the unaffected family members in the nia - load/ncrad and efiga data sets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
5 : 10 rates
5 : 14 estimated
5 : 23 -
6 age 7 -
6 age 10 rates
8 specific 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 rates
10 rates 11 of
10 rates 13 were
11 of 12 load
13 were 14 estimated
14 estimated 15 in
14 estimated 20 in
15 in 19 members
16 the 19 members
17 unaffected 18 family
18 family 19 members
20 in 22 nia
21 the 22 nia
23 - 27 data
23 - 28 sets
24 load/ncrad 25 and
25 and 26 efiga
26 efiga 27 data
27 data 28 sets

we restricted analyses to families with [follow] - up and complete phenotype information , including 396 nia - load/ncrad and 242 efiga families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 we 10 and
2 restricted 3 analyses
2 restricted 4 to
2 restricted 6 with
2 restricted 10 and
4 to 5 families
6 with 9 up
8 - 9 up
10 and 11 complete
10 and 15 including
11 complete 13 information
12 phenotype 13 information
14 , 15 including
15 including 17 nia
15 including 24 .
16 396 17 nia
17 nia 20 and
18 - 20 and
19 load/ncrad 20 and
20 and 23 families
20 and 24 .
21 242 23 families
22 efiga 23 families

among the 943 at [-] risk family members in the nia - load/ncrad families , 126 ( 13.4 % ) developed dementia , of [whom] 109 ( 86.5 % ) met criteria for load . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 dementia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 among 3 943
1 among 22 dementia
2 the 3 943
3 943 4 at
3 943 14 families
3 943 16 126
4 at 8 members
6 risk 8 members
7 family 8 members
8 members 9 in
9 in 11 nia
10 the 11 nia
12 - 14 families
13 load/ncrad 14 families
14 families 15 ,
15 , 16 126
16 126 19 %
16 126 20 )
17 ( 19 %
18 13.4 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 developed 22 dementia
22 dementia 24 of
22 dementia 31 met
23 , 24 of
24 of 26 109
24 of 30 )
26 109 29 %
27 ( 29 %
28 86.5 29 %
29 % 30 )
31 met 32 criteria
31 met 33 for
33 for 34 load

among 683 at [-] risk family members in the efiga families , 174 ( 25.5 % ) developed dementia during the study period , of [whom] 145 ( 83.3 % ) had load . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 among 2 683
1 among 7 members
2 683 3 at
3 at 6 family
5 risk 6 family
7 members 8 in
7 members 18 developed
7 members 32 had
8 in 11 families
9 the 11 families
10 efiga 11 families
11 families 13 174
12 , 13 174
13 174 16 %
13 174 17 )
14 ( 16 %
15 25.5 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 developed 19 dementia
19 dementia 20 during
20 during 23 period
21 the 23 period
22 study 23 period
23 period 25 of
24 , 25 of
25 of 27 145
25 of 31 )
27 145 30 %
28 ( 30 %
29 83.3 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 had 33 load

incidence rates in the efiga families were slightly higher , at 0.03 and 0.02 , 0.06 and 0.05 , 0.10 and 0.08 , [and] 0.10 and 0.07 , respectively , in the same age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 incidence 2 rates
2 rates 3 in
2 rates 7 were
3 in 6 families
4 the 6 families
5 efiga 6 families
7 were 9 higher
8 slightly 9 higher
9 higher 11 at
9 higher 29 respectively
9 higher 31 in
10 , 11 at
11 at 13 and
11 at 28 ,
12 0.03 13 and
13 and 14 0.02
13 and 17 and
13 and 21 and
13 and 26 and
15 , 17 and
16 0.06 17 and
17 and 18 0.05
17 and 19 ,
19 , 21 and
20 0.10 21 and
21 and 22 0.08
21 and 23 ,
23 , 26 and
25 0.10 26 and
26 and 27 0.07
26 and 28 ,
28 , 29 respectively
29 respectively 30 ,
31 in 35 groups
32 the 33 same
32 the 35 groups
34 age 35 groups

contrasting these results with the population - based estimates , the incidence was increased by 3 - fold for nia - load/ncrad families ( standardized incidence ratio [,] 3.44 ) and 2 - fold among the efiga compared with the nia - load/ncrad families ( 1.71 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 contrasting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 contrasting 3 results
1 contrasting 4 with
1 contrasting 13 was
2 these 3 results
4 with 6 population
4 with 12 incidence
5 the 6 population
6 population 9 estimates
7 - 9 estimates
8 based 9 estimates
9 estimates 10 ,
11 the 12 incidence
13 was 14 increased
14 increased 15 by
15 by 16 3
17 - 18 fold
17 - 31 and
18 fold 19 for
19 for 20 nia
20 nia 23 families
21 - 23 families
22 load/ncrad 23 families
23 families 27 ratio
23 families 30 )
24 ( 27 ratio
25 standardized 26 incidence
26 incidence 27 ratio
27 ratio 29 3.44
27 ratio 30 )
31 and 32 2
31 and 33 -
32 2 33 -
33 - 34 fold
34 fold 35 among
34 fold 39 with
35 among 37 efiga
36 the 37 efiga
37 efiga 38 compared
39 with 41 nia
40 the 41 nia
41 nia 44 families
42 - 44 families
43 load/ncrad 44 families
44 families 46 1.71
44 families 47 )
45 ( 46 1.71
46 1.71 47 )

conclusions and relevance : the incidence rates for familial dementia and load in the nia - load/ncrad and efiga families are significantly higher than population - based estimates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
3 relevance 4 :
4 : 7 rates
4 : 8 for
5 the 7 rates
6 incidence 7 rates
8 for 10 dementia
9 familial 10 dementia
11 and 12 load
11 and 27 based
12 load 13 in
12 load 27 based
13 in 15 nia
14 the 15 nia
15 nia 18 and
16 - 18 and
17 load/ncrad 18 and
18 and 19 efiga
18 and 20 families
18 and 21 are
18 and 26 -
20 families 21 are
21 are 22 significantly
21 are 23 higher
21 are 24 than
24 than 25 population
27 based 28 estimates

the incidence rates in all groups increase with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 rates
2 incidence 3 rates
3 rates 4 in
3 rates 7 increase
4 in 6 groups
5 all 6 groups
7 increase 8 with
8 with 9 age

the higher incidence of load can be explained by segregation of alzheimer disease - related genes in these families or shared environmental risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 incidence
2 higher 3 incidence
3 incidence 4 of
3 incidence 6 can
4 of 5 load
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 explained
8 explained 9 by
9 by 10 segregation
10 segregation 11 of
11 of 13 disease
12 alzheimer 13 disease
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 genes
15 related 17 in
17 in 20 or
18 these 19 families
19 families 20 or
20 or 23 risks
21 shared 23 risks
22 environmental 23 risks

previously , we reported on the anticancer effect of the diastereoisomeric compound mhy - 449 , a novel dihydro - benzofuro [ 4,5 - b ] [ 1,8 ] naphthyridin - 6 - one derivative , in hct116 human colon cancer cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 previously 2 ,
1 previously 3 we
3 we 4 reported
4 reported 5 on
4 reported 30 naphthyridin
5 on 8 effect
6 the 8 effect
7 anticancer 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 13 mhy
10 the 13 mhy
11 diastereoisomeric 13 mhy
12 compound 13 mhy
13 mhy 15 449
14 - 15 449
15 449 16 ,
17 a 18 novel
17 a 30 naphthyridin
18 novel 30 naphthyridin
19 dihydro 21 benzofuro
19 dihydro 29 ]
19 dihydro 30 naphthyridin
20 - 21 benzofuro
21 benzofuro 24 -
21 benzofuro 28 1,8
21 benzofuro 29 ]
22 [ 24 -
23 4,5 24 -
24 - 25 b
24 - 26 ]
27 [ 28 1,8
28 1,8 29 ]
31 - 32 6
31 - 33 -
31 - 43 .
32 6 33 -
33 - 42 cells
34 one 37 in
35 derivative 36 ,
35 derivative 37 in
37 in 40 colon
38 hct116 40 colon
39 human 40 colon
40 colon 41 cancer
41 cancer 42 cells

in the current study , we investigated whether mhy [-] 449 has anticancer effect in prostate cancer cells , and if so , [what] the molecular mechanisms are . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 current 4 study
6 we 7 investigated
7 investigated 8 whether
7 investigated 15 in
8 whether 9 mhy
8 whether 12 has
9 mhy 11 449
9 mhy 12 has
12 has 14 effect
13 anticancer 14 effect
15 in 18 cells
16 prostate 18 cells
17 cancer 18 cells
19 , 20 and
20 and 27 mechanisms
20 and 28 are
21 if 22 so
22 so 23 ,
22 so 27 mechanisms
25 the 27 mechanisms
26 molecular 27 mechanisms
27 mechanisms 28 are

mhy - 449 treatment in androgen - independent and p53 - null pc3 cells resulted in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in a concentration - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 resulted
1 mhy 2 -
1 mhy 4 treatment
3 449 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 in
4 treatment 15 resulted
5 in 14 cells
6 androgen 9 and
6 androgen 14 cells
7 - 9 and
8 independent 9 and
9 and 10 p53
9 and 11 -
12 null 14 cells
13 pc3 14 cells
15 resulted 16 in
15 resulted 25 in
16 in 21 and
17 inhibition 18 of
17 inhibition 21 and
18 of 20 growth
19 cell 20 growth
21 and 22 induction
21 and 23 of
23 of 24 apoptosis
25 in 27 concentration
26 a 27 concentration
27 concentration 30 manner
28 - 30 manner
29 dependent 30 manner
30 manner 31 .

however , mhy - 449 did not show any significant effects on the growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in androgen - dependent and p53 - wt lncap cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 449
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 5 449
2 , 3 mhy
3 mhy 4 -
3 mhy 5 449
5 449 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 show
8 show 11 effects
8 show 12 on
8 show 16 and
8 show 27 wt
9 any 11 effects
10 significant 11 effects
12 on 14 growth
13 the 14 growth
15 inhibition 16 and
16 and 19 death
16 and 20 in
16 and 24 and
16 and 27 wt
17 apoptotic 19 death
18 cell 19 death
20 in 21 androgen
22 - 24 and
23 dependent 24 and
24 and 25 p53
24 and 26 -
27 wt 29 cells
28 lncap 29 cells

therefore , we used pc3 cells for further studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 used
4 used 6 cells
5 pc3 6 cells
6 cells 7 for
7 for 9 studies
8 further 9 studies

the induction of apoptosis in pc3 cells was observed by decreased viability , dna fragmentation , [cleavage] [of] poly ( adp - ribose ) [polymerase] , activations of caspase - 3 , - 8 and - 9 , and alteration in the ratio of bax/bcl - 2 protein expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 induction
2 induction 3 of
2 induction 8 was
3 of 4 apoptosis
4 apoptosis 5 in
5 in 7 cells
6 pc3 7 cells
8 was 9 observed
9 observed 10 by
9 observed 19 poly
9 observed 22 -
10 by 12 viability
11 decreased 12 viability
12 viability 15 fragmentation
13 , 15 fragmentation
14 dna 15 fragmentation
15 fragmentation 16 ,
20 ( 22 -
21 adp 22 -
22 - 23 ribose
22 - 24 )
26 , 39 and
26 , 46 -
27 activations 28 of
27 activations 39 and
28 of 29 caspase
29 caspase 31 3
29 caspase 35 and
30 - 31 3
31 3 32 ,
32 , 35 and
33 - 35 and
34 8 35 and
35 and 37 9
35 and 38 ,
36 - 37 9
39 and 40 alteration
39 and 41 in
39 and 44 of
41 in 43 ratio
42 the 43 ratio
44 of 45 bax/bcl
46 - 49 expression
47 2 49 expression
48 protein 49 expression

in addition , mhy - 449 induced increase of late apoptosis and sub - g1 dna which were observed by flow cytometry analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 449
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 449
4 mhy 5 -
4 mhy 6 449
6 449 7 induced
6 449 8 increase
8 increase 10 late
8 increase 12 and
9 of 10 late
11 apoptosis 12 and
12 and 13 sub
14 - 16 dna
15 g1 16 dna
16 dna 17 which
16 dna 18 were
17 which 18 were
18 were 19 observed
19 observed 20 by
20 by 23 analysis
21 flow 22 cytometry
22 cytometry 23 analysis

furthermore , mhy - 449 reduced the phosphorylation of akt and foxo1 and induced the translocation of foxo1 from cytoplasm to nucleus as shown by western blot analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 449
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 449
2 , 3 mhy
3 mhy 4 -
3 mhy 5 449
5 449 13 and
6 reduced 8 phosphorylation
6 reduced 13 and
7 the 8 phosphorylation
8 phosphorylation 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 akt 11 and
11 and 12 foxo1
13 and 14 induced
14 induced 16 translocation
14 induced 21 to
14 induced 25 by
15 the 16 translocation
16 translocation 17 of
17 of 18 foxo1
18 foxo1 19 from
19 from 20 cytoplasm
21 to 22 nucleus
22 nucleus 24 shown
23 as 24 shown
25 by 28 analysis
26 western 28 analysis
27 blot 28 analysis

mhy - 449 treatment activated extracellular signal - regulated kinase [(] erk [ )(signaling in a concentration - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mhy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 7 signal
2 - 8 -
2 - 21 .
3 449 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 activated
5 activated 7 signal
6 extracellular 7 signal
8 - 12 erk
8 - 18 -
9 regulated 10 kinase
10 kinase 12 erk
12 erk 14 )(signaling
14 )(signaling 15 in
15 in 17 concentration
16 a 17 concentration
18 - 20 manner
19 dependent 20 manner

mhy - 449 - induced apoptosis [was] partially prevented by pretreatment with the erk inhibitor pd98059 suggesting involvement of erk in the mhy - 449 - induced apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mhy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 - 3 449
2 - 4 -
3 449 4 -
4 - 6 apoptosis
5 induced 6 apoptosis
6 apoptosis 9 prevented
6 apoptosis 19 of
6 apoptosis 27 induced
8 partially 9 prevented
9 prevented 10 by
9 prevented 12 with
10 by 11 pretreatment
12 with 15 inhibitor
12 with 16 pd98059
13 the 15 inhibitor
14 erk 15 inhibitor
16 pd98059 17 suggesting
17 suggesting 18 involvement
19 of 20 erk
20 erk 21 in
20 erk 25 449
21 in 23 mhy
22 the 23 mhy
24 - 25 449
25 449 26 -
27 induced 28 apoptosis

taken together , these findings suggest that mhy - 449 induces apoptosis via downregulation of the akt/foxo1 and activation of erk in androgen - independent , p53 - null and pten - negative pc3 human prostate cancer cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 these 5 findings
5 findings 6 suggest
6 suggest 8 mhy
7 that 8 mhy
9 - 10 449
9 - 11 induces
9 - 39 .
10 449 11 induces
11 induces 12 apoptosis
11 induces 13 via
11 induces 22 in
13 via 14 downregulation
14 downregulation 15 of
14 downregulation 20 of
15 of 18 and
16 the 17 akt/foxo1
17 akt/foxo1 18 and
18 and 19 activation
20 of 21 erk
22 in 38 cells
23 androgen 27 p53
23 androgen 33 negative
24 - 27 p53
25 independent 26 ,
25 independent 27 p53
27 p53 30 and
27 p53 32 -
28 - 30 and
29 null 30 and
30 and 31 pten
30 and 32 -
33 negative 37 cancer
34 pc3 36 prostate
35 human 36 prostate
36 prostate 37 cancer
37 cancer 38 cells

[none] biomembranes shown to behave like elastic sheets , can also suffer plastic deformations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 biomembranes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 biomembranes 3 shown
2 biomembranes 9 ,
3 shown 4 to
4 to 5 behave
5 behave 6 like
6 like 7 elastic
8 sheets 9 ,
9 , 10 can
9 , 14 deformations
10 can 12 suffer
11 also 12 suffer
13 plastic 14 deformations

neutron scattering experiments on partially polymerised wrinkled membranes revealed that when a critical degree of polymerisation is crossed , the wrinkled membranes do not resume their spherical shapes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neutron
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 neutron 2 scattering
1 neutron 9 revealed
2 scattering 3 experiments
2 scattering 4 on
4 on 8 membranes
5 partially 6 polymerised
6 polymerised 8 membranes
7 wrinkled 8 membranes
9 revealed 10 that
10 that 22 membranes
10 that 25 resume
11 when 16 polymerisation
11 when 18 crossed
11 when 19 ,
11 when 22 membranes
12 a 14 degree
13 critical 14 degree
14 degree 15 of
14 degree 16 polymerisation
15 of 16 polymerisation
16 polymerisation 17 is
17 is 18 crossed
20 the 22 membranes
21 wrinkled 22 membranes
22 membranes 23 do
23 do 24 not
23 do 25 resume
25 resume 28 shapes
26 their 28 shapes
27 spherical 28 shapes

instead they remain wrinkled [and] rigid while their [non] [-] polymerised counterparts resume their spherical floppy shapes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 instead 2 they
2 they 3 remain
3 remain 4 wrinkled
4 wrinkled 6 rigid
6 rigid 7 while
7 while 12 counterparts
7 while 13 resume
8 their 12 counterparts
11 polymerised 12 counterparts
12 counterparts 13 resume
13 resume 17 shapes
14 their 17 shapes
15 spherical 17 shapes
16 floppy 17 shapes

the yield stress of these membranes , measured for the first time via the fractal dimension , is intimately related to the degree of polymerisation [probably] through a 2 d disorder that quenches the lateral diffusion of the lipid molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 3 stress
2 yield 3 stress
3 stress 4 of
3 stress 18 is
4 of 6 membranes
5 these 6 membranes
6 membranes 8 measured
7 , 8 measured
8 measured 9 for
8 measured 13 via
8 measured 17 ,
9 for 12 time
10 the 11 first
10 the 12 time
13 via 16 dimension
14 the 16 dimension
15 fractal 16 dimension
18 is 20 related
19 intimately 20 related
20 related 21 to
20 related 27 through
21 to 25 polymerisation
22 the 23 degree
23 degree 24 of
23 degree 25 polymerisation
24 of 25 polymerisation
27 through 31 disorder
28 a 31 disorder
29 2 30 d
30 d 31 disorder
31 disorder 32 that
31 disorder 33 quenches
32 that 33 quenches
33 quenches 36 diffusion
34 the 36 diffusion
35 lateral 36 diffusion
36 diffusion 37 of
37 of 40 molecules
38 the 40 molecules
39 lipid 40 molecules

this work might shed light on the physical reason behind the irreversible deformation of echinocytes , acanthocytes and malaria infected red blood cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 work
2 work 3 might
3 might 4 shed
4 shed 5 light
4 shed 6 on
4 shed 10 behind
6 on 9 reason
7 the 9 reason
8 physical 9 reason
10 behind 18 and
11 the 13 deformation
12 irreversible 13 deformation
13 deformation 14 of
13 deformation 16 ,
14 of 15 echinocytes
16 , 17 acanthocytes
16 , 18 and
18 and 23 cells
19 malaria 23 cells
20 infected 21 red
21 red 22 blood
22 blood 23 cells

objective : to validate recently proposed models of ovarian nongrowing follicle ( ngf ) decay associated with aging within the context of an independent data set . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 validate
3 to 4 validate
4 validate 7 models
5 recently 6 proposed
6 proposed 7 models
7 models 8 of
8 of 10 nongrowing
9 ovarian 10 nongrowing
10 nongrowing 15 decay
10 nongrowing 18 aging
11 follicle 13 ngf
11 follicle 14 )
11 follicle 15 decay
12 ( 13 ngf
13 ngf 14 )
15 decay 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 18 aging
18 aging 19 within
19 within 21 context
20 the 21 context
21 context 22 of
22 of 26 set
23 an 24 independent
23 an 26 set
24 independent 25 data
25 data 26 set

design : prospective investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 investigation
3 prospective 4 investigation

setting : academic medical center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 center
2 : 6 .
3 academic 5 center
4 medical 5 center

patient ( s ) : normal appearing ovaries collected from 52 women ( age 28 - 51 years ) undergoing oophorectomy for benign gynecologic indications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 patient 3 s
1 patient 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 8 ovaries
6 normal 8 ovaries
7 appearing 8 ovaries
8 ovaries 9 collected
8 ovaries 10 from
8 ovaries 20 undergoing
10 from 12 women
11 52 12 women
12 women 14 age
12 women 18 years
13 ( 14 age
14 age 15 28
14 age 16 -
16 - 18 years
17 51 18 years
18 years 19 )
20 undergoing 21 oophorectomy
20 undergoing 22 for
22 for 25 indications
23 benign 25 indications
24 gynecologic 25 indications

intervention ( s ) : determining ovarian ngf counts with systematic random sampling rules and a validated fractionator/optical disector technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 intervention 3 s
1 intervention 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 determining
6 determining 9 counts
7 ovarian 9 counts
8 ngf 9 counts
9 counts 10 with
10 with 15 and
11 systematic 14 rules
12 random 14 rules
13 sampling 14 rules
14 rules 15 and
15 and 20 technique
16 a 20 technique
17 validated 20 technique
18 fractionator/optical 20 technique
19 disector 20 technique

the goodness - [of] - fit of predicted ngf counts based on the power and double gaussian models and those observed in the validation set was assessed with the calculation of the akaike information criterion and r ( 2 ) values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goodness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 goodness
3 - 5 -
3 - 21 observed
5 - 19 and
6 fit 7 of
6 fit 11 based
6 fit 15 and
7 of 10 counts
8 predicted 10 counts
9 ngf 10 counts
11 based 12 on
12 on 14 power
13 the 14 power
15 and 18 models
15 and 19 and
16 double 18 models
17 gaussian 18 models
19 and 20 those
19 and 21 observed
21 observed 22 in
21 observed 25 set
21 observed 27 assessed
22 in 24 validation
23 the 24 validation
25 set 26 was
26 was 27 assessed
27 assessed 28 with
28 with 30 calculation
28 with 41 values
29 the 30 calculation
30 calculation 31 of
31 of 36 and
32 the 35 criterion
33 akaike 35 criterion
34 information 35 criterion
35 criterion 36 and
36 and 37 r
36 and 39 2
38 ( 39 2
39 2 40 )